abstract: UNASSIGNED: A newly developed recombinant factor IX (BAX326(1) ) was investigated for prophylactic use in paediatric @entity1 aged <12  years with severe ( @entity4682 level <1%) or moderately severe ( @entity4682 level 1-2%) @entity4777 . The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to assess the safety, haemostatic efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of BAX326 in previously treated paediatric @entity1 . BAX326 was administered as prophylaxis twice a week for a period of 6  months, and on demand for treatment of @entity548 . Safety was assessed by the occurrence of related AEs, @entity715 events and immunologic assessments. Efficacy was evaluated by annualized bleeding rate (ABR), and by treatment response rating (excellent, good, fair, none). PK was assessed over 72  h. None of the 23 treated paediatric subjects had treatment-related SAEs or AEs. There were no @entity715 events, inhibitory or specific binding antibodies against @entity4682 , @entity17049 or CHO protein. @entity548 (19 @entity2720 ) occurred (mean ABR 2.7      3.14, median 2.0), of which 23 were injury-related. Twenty subjects (87%) did not experience any @entity548 of spontaneous aetiology. Haemostatic efficacy of BAX326 was excellent or good for >96% of @entity548 (100% of minor, 88.9% of moderate and 100% of major @entity548 ); the majority (88.5%) resolved after 1-2 infusions. Longer T1/2 and lower IR were observed in younger @entity1 (<6  years) compared to those aged 6 to 12  years. BAX326 administered as prophylactic treatment as well as for controlling @entity548 is efficacious and safe in paediatric @entity1 aged <12  years with @entity4777 .

title: Recombinant factor IX (BAX326) in previously treated paediatric XXXX with @entity4777 : a prospective clinical trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In land systems, equitably managing trade-offs between planetary boundaries and @entity1 development needs represents a grand challenge in sustainability oriented initiatives. Informing such initiatives requires knowledge about the nexus between land use, poverty, and environment. This paper presents results from @entity4602 PDR, where we combined nationwide spatial data on land use types and the environmental state of landscapes with village-level poverty indicators. Our analysis reveals two general but contrasting trends. First, landscapes with paddy or permanent @entity12767 allow a greater number of @entity1 to live in less poverty but come at the price of a decrease in natural vegetation cover. Second, @entity1 practising extensive @entity12767 and living in intact environments are often better off than @entity1 in degraded paddy or permanent @entity12767 . As poverty rates within different landscape types vary more than between landscape types, we cannot stipulate a land use-poverty-environment nexus. However, the distinct spatial patterns or configurations of these rates point to other important factors at play. Drawing on ethnicity as a proximate factor for endogenous development potentials and accessibility as a proximate factor for external influences, we further explore these linkages. Ethnicity is strongly related to poverty in all land use types almost independently of accessibility, implying that social distance outweighs geographic or physical distance. In turn, accessibility, almost a precondition for poverty alleviation, is mainly beneficial to ethnic majority groups and @entity1 living in paddy or permanent @entity12767 . These groups are able to translate improved accessibility into poverty alleviation. Our results show that the concurrence of external influences with local-highly contextual-development potentials is key to shaping outcomes of the land use-poverty-environment nexus. By addressing such leverage points, these findings help guide more effective development interventions. At the same time, they point to the need in land change science to better integrate the understanding of place-based land indicators with process-based drivers of land use change.

title: Towards a Spatial Understanding of Trade-Offs in Sustainable Development: A Meso-Scale Analysis of the Nexus between Land Use, Poverty, and Environment in the XXXX PDR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['swidden agriculture', 'agriculture']

answer: @entity4602 :: (259307,Gene) :: ['Lao']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Severe @entity1448 after liver transplant is common. In this study, our aim was to develop an algorithm to guide biliary intervention in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on @entity1 who had undergone a hepatobiliary scan, with or without subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram, during the immediate postoperative period. These findings were evaluated along with laboratory values to determine the benefit for this evaluative process. @entity1448 was defined as > than a 50% reduction in serum @entity648 within 48 hours of endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram intervention. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 had endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram with 6 stents in 25 @entity1 with normal a hepatobiliary scan, and 2 @entity1 met criteria for @entity1448 . Twenty-two @entity1 had endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram with 14 stents in 32 @entity1 with delayed uptake, suggesting hepatocellular dysfunction on a hepatobiliary scan, and 4 @entity1 met criteria for @entity1448 . In the 57 @entity1 with severe @entity3638 , 6 @entity1 (11%) had @entity1448 as a cause. Among the 34 endoscopic retrograde cholangiograms performed, 17% had @entity253 . On multivariate analysis, @entity1 having both serum @entity492 transaminase concentrations < 1500 IU/L and serum total @entity648 levels > 257  mol/L had an odds ratio of 25.1 for predicting @entity253 (95% CI: 6-37; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: A hepatobiliary scan with a combination peak serum @entity492 transaminase and peak serum total @entity648 levels offer a valuable tool to identify @entity1 with hepatocellular dysfunction and can avoid endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram in the immediate posttransplant period.

title: Clinical algorithm to guide the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to evaluate early postliver transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['biliary duct obstruction', 'Biliary duct obstruction', 'cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine @entity532 during @entity34 ( @entity34 ) administrated through a peripheral venous line, PICC-line or PORT-A-CATH (PAC). METHODS: Catheter related @entity532 in @entity1 with @entity1577 during @entity34 were identified through a retrospective review of @entity1 files supplemented by an interview. RESULTS: In 64 treatment episodes with a peripheral venous line, 51 (79.7  %) used bolus injection and 13 (20.3  %) used infusion pump. 27 out of 51 (53.0  %) bolus injection episodes experienced @entity532 , which required removal. None were observed for infusion pump treatments. The infectious @entity532 requiring removal of peripheral venous line were 9 out of 23 (39.1  %) for the PICC line and 11 out of 26 (42.3  %) for the PAC. No anaphylaxis was observed during the @entity34 treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that using an infusion pump to administer the antibiotic treatment minimized @entity1095 . The frequency of @entity532 leading to removal of the catheter is about the same for PICC-lines and PACs, but the average life-time of the latter is much longer. @entity56 are not a major problem.

title: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy ( @entity34 ) in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral venous line complications']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy', 'OPAT']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine @entity532 during @entity34 ( @entity34 ) administrated through a peripheral venous line, PICC-line or PORT-A-CATH (PAC). METHODS: Catheter related @entity532 in @entity1 with @entity1577 during @entity34 were identified through a retrospective review of @entity1 files supplemented by an interview. RESULTS: In 64 treatment episodes with a peripheral venous line, 51 (79.7  %) used bolus injection and 13 (20.3  %) used infusion pump. 27 out of 51 (53.0  %) bolus injection episodes experienced @entity532 , which required removal. None were observed for infusion pump treatments. The infectious @entity532 requiring removal of peripheral venous line were 9 out of 23 (39.1  %) for the PICC line and 11 out of 26 (42.3  %) for the PAC. No anaphylaxis was observed during the @entity34 treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that using an infusion pump to administer the antibiotic treatment minimized @entity1095 . The frequency of @entity532 leading to removal of the catheter is about the same for PICC-lines and PACs, but the average life-time of the latter is much longer. @entity56 are not a major problem.

title: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy ( XXXX ) in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['OPAT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine @entity532 during @entity34 ( @entity34 ) administrated through a peripheral venous line, PICC-line or PORT-A-CATH (PAC). METHODS: Catheter related @entity532 in @entity1 with @entity1577 during @entity34 were identified through a retrospective review of @entity1 files supplemented by an interview. RESULTS: In 64 treatment episodes with a peripheral venous line, 51 (79.7  %) used bolus injection and 13 (20.3  %) used infusion pump. 27 out of 51 (53.0  %) bolus injection episodes experienced @entity532 , which required removal. None were observed for infusion pump treatments. The infectious @entity532 requiring removal of peripheral venous line were 9 out of 23 (39.1  %) for the PICC line and 11 out of 26 (42.3  %) for the PAC. No anaphylaxis was observed during the @entity34 treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that using an infusion pump to administer the antibiotic treatment minimized @entity1095 . The frequency of @entity532 leading to removal of the catheter is about the same for PICC-lines and PACs, but the average life-time of the latter is much longer. @entity56 are not a major problem.

title: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy ( @entity34 ) in XXXX with @entity1577 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Lab-score, based on the combined determination of @entity1904 , @entity1851 and urinary dipstick results, has been shown accurate in detecting serious @entity2348 (SBI) in @entity1 with @entity221 ( @entity221 ) on retrospective cohorts. We aimed to prospectively assess the utility of the Lab-score in safely decreasing antibiotic prescriptions in @entity1 with @entity221 and to determine its diagnostic characteristics compared to common SBI biomarkers. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial in @entity1 7 days to 36 months old with @entity221 , allocated either to the Lab-score group (Lab-score reported, blinded WBC count) or to the control group (WBC, bands and @entity1851 determined, blinded @entity1904 and Lab-score), followed up until recovery. Demographic data, antibiotic prescription rate, admission rate and diagnostic properties of the Lab-score were analyzed. RESULTS: 271 @entity1 were analyzed. No statistically significant difference concerning antibiotic prescription rate was observed: 41.2% (54 of 131) in the Lab-score group and 42.1% (59 of 140) in the control group (p=1.000). If recommendations based on the Lab-score had been strictly applied, a hypothetical 30.6% treatment rate would have been encountered, compared to the overall 41.7% observed rate (p=0.0095). A Lab-score >= 3 showed the following characteristics: sensitivity 85.1% (95% CI: 76.5-93.6%), specificity 87.3% (95% CI: 82.7-91.8%), positive predictive value 68.7% (95% CI: 58.7-78.7%), negative predictive value 94.1% (95% CI: 91.5-97.9%), positive and negative likelihood ratios: 6.68 and 0.17 respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was best for the Lab-score (0.911, 95% CI: 0.871-0.950). DISCUSSION: No difference regarding antibiotic treatment rate was observed when using the Lab-score, due to lack of adherence to the related recommendations. However, if strictly followed, a significant 26.5% reduction of antibiotic prescriptions would have been encountered. Medical education needs to be reinforced in order to observe rather than treat low-risk well-appearing @entity1 with @entity221 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02179398.

title: Impact of the Lab-Score on Antibiotic Prescription Rate in XXXX with Fever without Source: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['FWS', 'fever without source']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In deep-sea hydrothermal environments, most invertebrates associate with dense populations of symbiotic microorganisms in order to obtain nutrition. The molecular interactions between deep-sea animals and environmental microbes, including their symbionts, have not yet been elucidated in detail. Hemagglutinins/lectins, which are @entity1735 -binding proteins, have recently been reported to play important roles in a wide array of biological processes, including the recognition and control of non-self materials. We herein assessed hemagglutination activity in the serum of a deep-sea vent endemic crab, @entity71461 , which harbors chemosynthetic epibionts on its plumose setae. @entity1641 and @entity95 erythrocytes were agglutinated using this serum (opt. pH 7.5 and opt. temperature 15  C). Agglutinating activity was inhibited by eight kinds of @entity3363 and several divalent cations, did not require any divalent metal ions, and remained detectable even after heating the serum at 100  C for 30 min. By using fluorescently labeled serum, we demonstrated that deep-sea crab serum components bound to the epibionts even in the presence of @entity3363 . This study represents the first immunological assessment of a deep-sea vent endemic crab and demonstrated the possibility of a non-lectin-mediated symbiont-host interaction.

title: Effects of Hemagglutination Activity in the Serum of a Deep-Sea Vent Endemic Crab, XXXX , on Non-Symbiotic and Symbiotic Bacteria.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity71461 :: ('480484', 'Species') :: ['Shinkaia crosnieri']

answer: @entity71461 :: (480484,Species) :: ['Shinkaia Crosnieri']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study assessed the performance of a novel flow cytometry (FCM) cervical @entity5 screening system compared with @entity1082 ) Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). METHODS: Chinese @entity1 aged 20years or older were enrolled in this study at Fudan University Shanghai @entity5 Center. All @entity1 underwent cytology/pathology testing (gold standard), HPV HC2 testing and FCM testing involving analysis of cell proliferation index (CPIx). RESULTS: Among 437 @entity1 enrolled in this study, 185 @entity1 (42.3%) were diagnosed as "gold standard positive" by pathology with diseases including @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grade 2 (n=11), CIN3 (n=41), @entity957 ( @entity957 ; n=115), @entity420 in situ (n=2) and @entity420 (n=16). The remaining 252 cases were deemed "gold standard negative". The sensitivity was 87.6% (95% CI, 82.8-92.3) for FCM testing and 89.7% (95% CI, 85.4-94.1; p=0.5121) for HPV HC2 testing. The specificity of FCM testing was 90.5% (95% CI, 86.2-94.7), which was superior to the specificity of HPV HC2 testing (84.5%, 95% CI, 79.3-89.7; p=0.04). In the 20-29years old group, the sensitivity and the specificity of FCM testing were 90.0% (95% CI, 71.4-100.0) and 92.9% (95% CI, 76.9-100.0), respectively. The FCM testing CPIx statistically increased with the transition from normal cervical specimens to @entity957 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the FCM screening system had high sensitivity and specificity for @entity1 of various ages. The FCM CPIx was able to evaluate the severity of disease quantitatively.

title: A novel highly sensitive and specific flow cytometry system for cervical XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: In fungi, unisexual reproduction, where sexual development is initiated without the presence of two compatible mating type alleles, has been observed in several species that can also undergo traditional bisexual reproduction, including the important @entity1 fungal pathogens @entity1327 and @entity5132 . While unisexual reproduction has been well characterized qualitatively, detailed quantifications are still lacking for aspects of this process, such as the frequency of recombination during unisexual reproduction, and how this compares with bisexual reproduction. Here, we analyzed meiotic recombination during a-a unisexual and a-a bisexual reproduction of @entity1327 . We found that meiotic recombination operates in a similar fashion during both modes of @entity458 . Specifically, we observed that in a-a unisexual reproduction, the numbers of crossovers along the chromosomes during meiosis, recombination frequencies at specific chromosomal regions, as well as meiotic recombination hot and cold spots, are all similar to those observed during a-a bisexual reproduction. The similarity in meiosis is also reflected by the fact that phenotypic segregation among progeny collected from the two modes of @entity458 is also similar, with transgressive segregation being observed in both. Additionally, we found diploid meiotic progeny were also produced at similar frequencies in the two modes of @entity458 , and transient @entity393 and duplication likely occurs frequently and results in @entity2007 and loss of heterozygosity that can span entire chromosomes. Furthermore, in both a-a unisexual and a-a bisexual reproduction, we observed biased allele inheritance in regions on chromosome 4, suggesting the presence of fragile chromosomal regions that might be vulnerable to mitotic recombination. Interestingly, we also observed a crossover event that occurred within the MAT locus during a-a unisexual reproduction. Our results provide definitive evidence that a-a unisexual reproduction is a meiotic process similar to a-a bisexual reproduction.

title: Unisexual reproduction drives meiotic recombination and phenotypic and karyotypic plasticity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual reproduction']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Alternaria toxins and @entity22443 are mycotoxins produced by fungi growing on different raw materials and agricultural commodities. Maximum levels of these toxins in foods are currently under consideration by the European Commission as a risk management measure. In this study, a new quantitative method is described for the determination of five Alternaria toxins and @entity22443 in @entity523 and @entity523 juice samples based on LC- @entity15 / @entity15 detection. Samples were extracted with pure @entity1042 , followed by a derivatisation step with @entity40015 to improve the determination of @entity44929 and to decrease the wide polarity difference between the compounds of interest. Samples were purified on hydrophilic-modified styrene polymer solid-phase extraction cartridges. High-performance liquid chromatographic columns packed with different core-shell materials were tested for the separation of toxins and a C-18 phase was in the final method applied to achieve sufficient separation of all relevant analytes. A key element of this approach was to prove successful transferability of the method to three different triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. A full single laboratory method validation was performed on two LC- @entity15 / @entity15 systems and performance characteristics met the predefined requirements. Moreover, the method was used in an international proficiency test and the satisfactory z-scores obtained (-0.1 to 0.8 in @entity523 juice samples) demonstrated the reliability of the approach described. The method will be validated in an inter-laboratory collaborative study and if the criteria for method precision are met, the method will be proposed as a new Work Item to the European Committee for Standardisation.

title: Simultaneous analysis of Alternaria toxins and XXXX in @entity523 : an optimised method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity44929 :: ('MESH:D013720', 'Chemical') :: ['tenuazonic acid']

entities_list: @entity40015 :: ('MESH:C004787', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine']

answer: @entity22443 :: (MESH:D002953,Chemical) :: ['citrinin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Alternaria toxins and @entity22443 are mycotoxins produced by fungi growing on different raw materials and agricultural commodities. Maximum levels of these toxins in foods are currently under consideration by the European Commission as a risk management measure. In this study, a new quantitative method is described for the determination of five Alternaria toxins and @entity22443 in @entity523 and @entity523 juice samples based on LC- @entity15 / @entity15 detection. Samples were extracted with pure @entity1042 , followed by a derivatisation step with @entity40015 to improve the determination of @entity44929 and to decrease the wide polarity difference between the compounds of interest. Samples were purified on hydrophilic-modified styrene polymer solid-phase extraction cartridges. High-performance liquid chromatographic columns packed with different core-shell materials were tested for the separation of toxins and a C-18 phase was in the final method applied to achieve sufficient separation of all relevant analytes. A key element of this approach was to prove successful transferability of the method to three different triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. A full single laboratory method validation was performed on two LC- @entity15 / @entity15 systems and performance characteristics met the predefined requirements. Moreover, the method was used in an international proficiency test and the satisfactory z-scores obtained (-0.1 to 0.8 in @entity523 juice samples) demonstrated the reliability of the approach described. The method will be validated in an inter-laboratory collaborative study and if the criteria for method precision are met, the method will be proposed as a new Work Item to the European Committee for Standardisation.

title: Simultaneous analysis of Alternaria toxins and @entity22443 in XXXX : an optimised method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex traumatic upper extremity injuries frequently possess compromised local vasculature or extensive defects that are not amenable to local flap reconstruction. Free tissue transfer is required to provide adequate soft tissue coverage. The present study aimed to evaluate risk factors that contribute to @entity260 and @entity393 in complex upper extremity reconstruction. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed for all @entity1 undergoing free tissue transfer for upper extremity reconstruction from 1976 to 2001. Data collected included @entity1 demographic characteristics, timing of reconstruction, location of @entity174 characteristics, operative interventions, and @entity260 . Statistical analysis was performed using   (2) and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: In total, 238 @entity1 underwent 285 free tissue transfers and met inclusion criteria, from which 3 were excluded because of inadequate information (n  =  282). Extremities were repaired within 24  h (75 cases; 27%), in days 2-7 (32 cases; 12%), or after day 7 (172 cases; 62%). Timing of reconstruction did not significantly affect postoperative outcomes. Proximal location of injury was significantly associated with superficial (relative risk [RR], 6.5; P  <  .01) and @entity281 (RR, 5.3; P  <  .01), and @entity4034 (RR, 4.0; P  <  .01), although not with flap failure (P  =  .30). Presence of an open @entity174 was significantly associated with developing superficial (RR, 3.1; P  =  .01) and deep (RR, 1.9; P  <  .01) infection, as well as @entity4034 (RR, 1.6; P  <  .01). Having a closed @entity174 did not negatively influence postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the safety of early free tissue transfer for reconstruction of traumatized upper extremities. Injuries proximal to the elbow and open @entity174 were associated with a significantly higher infection rate. Gustilo grade IIIC @entity174 , need for interpositional vein grafts, and anastomotic revision at index operation resulted in significantly higher risk of @entity393 , whereas the presence of @entity174 , @entity174 fixation, and injury location were not predictors of flap failure.

title: Free tissue transfer to the traumatized upper extremity: Risk factors for XXXX in 282 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'injury, fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['flap loss']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with longstanding trigger finger may develop @entity1159 at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint that persists even after division of the A1 pulley. The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that @entity6520 in advanced trigger finger is caused by severe adhesion between the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and the @entity30338 ( @entity30338 ) tendons. Ten freshly frozen cadaveric hands were used in the experiments. After preparation of the extrinsic flexor, extrinsic extensor, and @entity121 , we applied weights to the flexor tendons and minimal tension to the extrinsic extensor and @entity121 . We then measured the initial flexion angles of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and @entity6520 . Next, we measured the flexion angles of the MCP and @entity6520 as increasing tension was applied to the extrinsic extensor and @entity121 , respectively. We repeated these experiments after constructing flexor @entity924 model. The @entity6520 were greater in the adhesion model, as were the average tensions required for full extension of these joints. Our results suggest that adhesion between two flexor tendons contributes to progression of @entity85 in the PIP joint.    2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 9999:XX-XX, 2014.

title: Biomechanical analyses of the @entity1 flexor XXXX models in the hand: A cadaveric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity30338 :: ('MESH:D015435', 'Disease') :: ['FDP', 'flexor digitorum profundus']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon adhesion']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['PIP joints', 'initial flexion angles of the MCP and PIP joints', 'flexion deformity of the PIP joint']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flexion deformity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic muscle tendons']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendon adhesion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with longstanding trigger finger may develop @entity1159 at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint that persists even after division of the A1 pulley. The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that @entity6520 in advanced trigger finger is caused by severe adhesion between the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and the @entity30338 ( @entity30338 ) tendons. Ten freshly frozen cadaveric hands were used in the experiments. After preparation of the extrinsic flexor, extrinsic extensor, and @entity121 , we applied weights to the flexor tendons and minimal tension to the extrinsic extensor and @entity121 . We then measured the initial flexion angles of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and @entity6520 . Next, we measured the flexion angles of the MCP and @entity6520 as increasing tension was applied to the extrinsic extensor and @entity121 , respectively. We repeated these experiments after constructing flexor @entity924 model. The @entity6520 were greater in the adhesion model, as were the average tensions required for full extension of these joints. Our results suggest that adhesion between two flexor tendons contributes to progression of @entity85 in the PIP joint.    2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 9999:XX-XX, 2014.

title: Biomechanical analyses of the XXXX flexor @entity924 models in the hand: A cadaveric study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigates patterns of physical activity in older adults with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) compared to older adults without knee @entity571 across six European countries. We expect country specific differences in the physical activity levels between @entity1 with knee @entity571 compared to @entity1 without knee @entity571 . A varying degree of physical activity levels across countries would express a facilitating or impeding influence of the social, environmental and other contextual factors on a physically active lifestyle. METHODS: Baseline cross-sectional data from the European Project on @entity571 (EPOSA) were analysed. In total 2,551 @entity1 from six European countries (Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom) were included. RESULTS: @entity1 with knee @entity571 were less likely to follow physical activity recommendations and had poorer overall physical activity profiles than those without knee @entity571 (M=62.9 versus M=81.5 minutes/day, p = 0.015). The magnitude of this difference varied across countries. Detailed analysis showed that low physical activity levels in @entity1 with knee @entity571 could be attributed to less everyday walking time [OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.62]. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted that having knee @entity571 is associated with a varying degree of physical activity patterns in different countries. This implicates that low levels of physical activity among @entity1 with knee @entity571 cannot be explained exclusively by individual or disease specific factors, but social, environmental and other contextual factors should also be taken into account. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Physical activity patterns among older adults with and without XXXX in six European Countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OSteoArthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ) frequently leads to secondary generalized @entity410 (SGTCS). However, little is known about the clinical, electrophysiologic, and radiologic correlates of SGTCS and whether these could influence diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A cohort of 48 @entity1 with confirmed @entity4940 was retrospectively identified and dichotomized into a group with and a group without SGTCS defined by history (>= 1/year) or video-electroencephalography (vEEG). Demographics, @entity410 semiology, vEEG, neuroimaging data, and estimated @entity410 -onset zone were tabulated, and their association with the occurrence of SGTCS was evaluated with use of a chi-square test. Independent predictors of SGTCS were confirmed using a stepwise multivariate analysis. Similarly, these predictors as well as a history of SGTCS were tested as multivariate predictors of the postoperative International League Against @entity302 (ILAE) score in the surgical subgroup (n  =  25). RESULTS: We identified three independent predictors of a history of SGTCS in @entity4940 , including loss of responsiveness at @entity410 onset (corrected p  =  0.04), a semiology involving early elementary motor signs (corrected p  =  0.01), and multifocal spikes on EEG (corrected p  =  0.02). A @entity410 -free outcome occurred in 57% of surgical cases and was more likely in the group without SGTCS (100%, p  =  0.001). When considering only SGTCS occurring during video-EEG monitoring, the association with semiology and surgical outcome vanished, but the association with preserved awareness and a multifocal EEG persisted. SIGNIFICANCE: A history of SGTCS is related to a specific ictal semiology and interictal EEG, and may have a role in surgical risk stratification.

title: Recurrent secondary generalization in XXXX : Predictors and a potential link to surgical outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['FLE', 'Frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity699 caused by bilateral @entity701 -secreting @entity652 in a 63-year-old @entity1 . Our preoperative diagnosis was based on endocrinological results and imaging findings. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become a standard technique for @entity5 ; however, bilateral adrenalectomy results in postoperative @entity1887 , necessitating lifelong @entity134 replacement. To preserve adrenal function, the left adrenal gland was completely resected, whereas the right adrenal gland was partially resected laparoscopically. @entity701 supplementation was initiated at a dose of 30 mg/day and was slowly tapered. However, symptoms of @entity1887 developed, and adrenal @entity134 secretion did not respond to exogenous @entity4545 . Bilateral @entity701 -secreting @entity5 rarely cause @entity699 . The present study comprised few @entity1 , and the utilized surgical procedures (i.e., total/partial adrenalectomy or bilateral total adrenalectomy) were not uniform. Few cases of bilateral adrenal-preserving surgery have been reported. However, our @entity1 developed @entity1887 after the oral @entity821 supplementation was tapered. This report demonstrates that partial adrenalectomy does not necessarily preserve normal adrenocortical function. Therefore, careful postoperative observation is necessary for @entity1 undergoing a partial adrenalectomy.

title: A Rare Case of XXXX Due to Bilateral Adrenocortical Adenomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's Syndrome']


abstract: Purpose: Severe @entity227 can have a profound impact on personal independence through its effect on mobility. We investigated whether the mobility of @entity1 with vision low enough to be registered as blind could be improved by presenting the visual environment in a distance-based manner for easier detection of obstacles. Methods: We accomplished this by developing a pair of "residual vision glasses" (RVGs) that use a head-mounted depth camera and displays to present information about the distance of obstacles to the wearer as brightness, such that obstacles closer to the wearer are represented more brightly. We assessed the impact of the RVGs on the mobility performance of @entity227 @entity1 during the completion of a set of obstacle courses. @entity1 position was monitored continuously, which enabled us to capture the temporal dynamics of mobility performance. This allowed us to find correlates of obstacle detection and hesitations in walking behavior, in addition to the more commonly used measures of trial completion time and number of collisions. Results: All @entity1 were able to use the smart glasses to navigate the course, and mobility performance improved for those @entity227 @entity1 with the worst prior mobility performance. However, walking speed was slower and hesitations increased with the altered visual representation. Conclusions: A depth-based representation of the visual environment may offer @entity4064 @entity1 improvements in independent mobility. It is important for further work to explore whether practice can overcome the reductions in speed and increased hesitation that were observed in our trial.

title: Improving Mobility Performance in XXXX With a Distance-Based Representation of the Visual Scene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['low vision']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['Low Vision']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquired @entity11888 and associated @entity548 can be consequences of immunoglobulin light chain @entity2783 . There are limited data on the safety and efficacy of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) on @entity11888 . We retrospectively reviewed immunoglobulin light chain @entity2783 @entity1 with factor X levels below 50%, not on chronic anticoagulation who underwent ASCT at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, between April 1995 and December 2011. Twenty-seven of 358 @entity1 (7.5%) met study criteria. Median pre-ASCT factor X was 36% (range: 2-49%). The most frequent and severe @entity548 complications occurred in @entity1 with factor X levels below 10%. Peri-procedural prophylaxis included activated recombinant factor VII, fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusions. Steady-state post-ASCT factor X levels were determined in 12 @entity1 . Post-ASCT factor X levels increased in 100% of @entity1 , with median factor X improvement of +32% (range: +8 to +92%). About 46.2% of @entity1 were no longer factor X deficient after ASCT. The degree of improvement in factor X levels was correlated with an improvement in markers of renal involvement by amyloid. Improvement in factor X correlated with an improvement in the degree of total serum protein (  =0.54; P=0.04) and @entity644 (  =-0.54; P=0.04). Our findings support the decision to offer ASCT to factor @entity1112 @entity1 as both appropriate and efficacious.

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation in immunoglobulin light chain XXXX with @entity11888 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-deficient']

entities_list: @entity11888 :: ('MESH:D005171', 'Disease') :: ['factor X deficiency']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquired @entity11888 and associated @entity548 can be consequences of immunoglobulin light chain @entity2783 . There are limited data on the safety and efficacy of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) on @entity11888 . We retrospectively reviewed immunoglobulin light chain @entity2783 @entity1 with factor X levels below 50%, not on chronic anticoagulation who underwent ASCT at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, between April 1995 and December 2011. Twenty-seven of 358 @entity1 (7.5%) met study criteria. Median pre-ASCT factor X was 36% (range: 2-49%). The most frequent and severe @entity548 complications occurred in @entity1 with factor X levels below 10%. Peri-procedural prophylaxis included activated recombinant factor VII, fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusions. Steady-state post-ASCT factor X levels were determined in 12 @entity1 . Post-ASCT factor X levels increased in 100% of @entity1 , with median factor X improvement of +32% (range: +8 to +92%). About 46.2% of @entity1 were no longer factor X deficient after ASCT. The degree of improvement in factor X levels was correlated with an improvement in markers of renal involvement by amyloid. Improvement in factor X correlated with an improvement in the degree of total serum protein (  =0.54; P=0.04) and @entity644 (  =-0.54; P=0.04). Our findings support the decision to offer ASCT to factor @entity1112 @entity1 as both appropriate and efficacious.

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation in immunoglobulin light chain @entity2783 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity11888 :: (MESH:D005171,Disease) :: ['factor X deficiency']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prophylactic surgical options for @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) are either colectomy and ileorectal @entity254 (IRA) or proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA). The aim of this study was to analyse the short-term and long-term outcomes of these two operative techniques. All @entity1 with @entity1412 in Finland have been prospectively recorded in a database since 1963 were retrospectively reviewed in this analysis. Altogether 140 (61  %) colectomies with IRA and 88 (39  %) proctocolectomies with IPAA have been performed. Complications occurred in 28 (21  %) @entity1 after IRA and in 26 (30  %) @entity1 after IPAA. There were 15 (11  %) severe complications for IRA and 5 (6  %) for IPAA. Twenty-one (15  %) @entity1 of the IRA group ended up in conventional ileostomy whereas 3 (3.4  %) @entity1 of the IPAA group had their ileal reservoir converted to an ileostomy (p  =  0.01). Cumulative survival for IRA was lower than for the IPAA (p  =  0.03), but if accounting only for operations made after the IPAA era had commenced, there was no significant difference. IPAA was associated with improved long-term survival without an @entity260 . The risk of death after colectomy and IRA seemed to be predominantly related to the remaining risk of @entity5 . Therefore, we favour proctocolectomy with IPAA as the prophylactic surgical procedure for @entity1412 with intermediate or severe @entity1412 .

title: Comparison of proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 to colectomy and ileorectal @entity254 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['increase in postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'polyposis', 'FAP']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prophylactic surgical options for @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) are either colectomy and ileorectal @entity254 (IRA) or proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA). The aim of this study was to analyse the short-term and long-term outcomes of these two operative techniques. All @entity1 with @entity1412 in Finland have been prospectively recorded in a database since 1963 were retrospectively reviewed in this analysis. Altogether 140 (61  %) colectomies with IRA and 88 (39  %) proctocolectomies with IPAA have been performed. Complications occurred in 28 (21  %) @entity1 after IRA and in 26 (30  %) @entity1 after IPAA. There were 15 (11  %) severe complications for IRA and 5 (6  %) for IPAA. Twenty-one (15  %) @entity1 of the IRA group ended up in conventional ileostomy whereas 3 (3.4  %) @entity1 of the IPAA group had their ileal reservoir converted to an ileostomy (p  =  0.01). Cumulative survival for IRA was lower than for the IPAA (p  =  0.03), but if accounting only for operations made after the IPAA era had commenced, there was no significant difference. IPAA was associated with improved long-term survival without an @entity260 . The risk of death after colectomy and IRA seemed to be predominantly related to the remaining risk of @entity5 . Therefore, we favour proctocolectomy with IPAA as the prophylactic surgical procedure for @entity1412 with intermediate or severe @entity1412 .

title: Comparison of proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal XXXX to colectomy and ileorectal @entity254 in @entity1412 .

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prophylactic surgical options for @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) are either colectomy and ileorectal @entity254 (IRA) or proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA). The aim of this study was to analyse the short-term and long-term outcomes of these two operative techniques. All @entity1 with @entity1412 in Finland have been prospectively recorded in a database since 1963 were retrospectively reviewed in this analysis. Altogether 140 (61  %) colectomies with IRA and 88 (39  %) proctocolectomies with IPAA have been performed. Complications occurred in 28 (21  %) @entity1 after IRA and in 26 (30  %) @entity1 after IPAA. There were 15 (11  %) severe complications for IRA and 5 (6  %) for IPAA. Twenty-one (15  %) @entity1 of the IRA group ended up in conventional ileostomy whereas 3 (3.4  %) @entity1 of the IPAA group had their ileal reservoir converted to an ileostomy (p  =  0.01). Cumulative survival for IRA was lower than for the IPAA (p  =  0.03), but if accounting only for operations made after the IPAA era had commenced, there was no significant difference. IPAA was associated with improved long-term survival without an @entity260 . The risk of death after colectomy and IRA seemed to be predominantly related to the remaining risk of @entity5 . Therefore, we favour proctocolectomy with IPAA as the prophylactic surgical procedure for @entity1412 with intermediate or severe @entity1412 .

title: Comparison of proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 to colectomy and ileorectal XXXX in @entity1412 .

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: In Caucasian @entity1 , research has shown that energy balance and taste preference change throughout the menstrual cycle. However, the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to @entity28 and insulin resistance among Asian @entity1 remains unclear. We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. METHODS: Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ) severity and taste preference to @entity969 were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N  =  18) to two (N  =  13) menstrual cycles. RESULTS: For all subjects (N  =  31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p  <  0.05) and taste preference for @entity969 (p  <  0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. No significant differences were observed for @entity1735 and protein intake as well as @entity3010 score. In those evaluated for two full cycles (N  =  13), we found that taste preference for @entity969 and @entity3010 score were significantly higher in the menstrual phase in Cycle 2 (p  <  0.05). No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intake throughout Cycle 2. RMR was similar across the three phases. However, non-significant cyclic variations were noted within and between the cycles. CONCLUSION: Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. Whether this contributes to cyclic weight gain is speculative and remains to be proven. Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance.

title: The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A prospective clinical study was carried out to investigate whether endometrial microvessels in @entity1 with @entity548 (HMB) of endometrial origin (HMB-E) are fragile due to low pericyte coverage. Idiopathic HMB-E is characterized by large endothelial cell gaps related to the microvascular overexpression of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-A and @entity7 receptors  1-3. A total of 10  @entity1 with a normal menstrual cycle and a history of HMB of <5  years, and 17  healthy @entity1 with a normal menstrual cycle were recruited from the Karolinska University Hospital. Blood samples were obtained for hormone analysis and coagulation tests. Endometrial biopsies were collected in the proliferative or in the secretory phase. Pericyte coverage was assessed using immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin-a  (SMAa) and by image analysis (microvascular density) of endometrial biopsies from 10  @entity1 with HMB-E and 17  healthy ovulating @entity1 (control subjects). Previously published data on endothelial cell gap size and the expression of @entity7 receptors were used. Although microvascular density did not differ between the @entity1 with HMB-E and the control subjects, the number of SMAa-positive microvessels in the proliferative phase was significantly (P=0.005) lower in the @entity1 with HMB-E than in the control subjects. Moreover, the number of SMAa-positive microvessels in the control subjects was significantly fewer in the secretory (P=0.04) than in the proliferative phase, whereas this number did not differ among the @entity1 with HMB-E regardless of phase. A significant negative correlation was observed between the number of @entity7 -positive microvessels and microvessels with pericyte coverage (r=0.8; P=0.04). Finally, the endothelial cell layer was significantly thicker in the @entity1 with HMB-E than in the control subjects. Thus, the upregulation of @entity7 in idiopathic HMB-E is associated with a low pericyte coverage during the proliferative phase of intense angiogenesis, which may confer @entity2100 , possibly leading to excessive @entity190 .

title: Low pericyte coverage of endometrial microvessels in heavy menstrual @entity548 correlates with the microvessel expression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['vessel fragility']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF-A']


abstract: A prospective clinical study was carried out to investigate whether endometrial microvessels in @entity1 with @entity548 (HMB) of endometrial origin (HMB-E) are fragile due to low pericyte coverage. Idiopathic HMB-E is characterized by large endothelial cell gaps related to the microvascular overexpression of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-A and @entity7 receptors  1-3. A total of 10  @entity1 with a normal menstrual cycle and a history of HMB of <5  years, and 17  healthy @entity1 with a normal menstrual cycle were recruited from the Karolinska University Hospital. Blood samples were obtained for hormone analysis and coagulation tests. Endometrial biopsies were collected in the proliferative or in the secretory phase. Pericyte coverage was assessed using immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin-a  (SMAa) and by image analysis (microvascular density) of endometrial biopsies from 10  @entity1 with HMB-E and 17  healthy ovulating @entity1 (control subjects). Previously published data on endothelial cell gap size and the expression of @entity7 receptors were used. Although microvascular density did not differ between the @entity1 with HMB-E and the control subjects, the number of SMAa-positive microvessels in the proliferative phase was significantly (P=0.005) lower in the @entity1 with HMB-E than in the control subjects. Moreover, the number of SMAa-positive microvessels in the control subjects was significantly fewer in the secretory (P=0.04) than in the proliferative phase, whereas this number did not differ among the @entity1 with HMB-E regardless of phase. A significant negative correlation was observed between the number of @entity7 -positive microvessels and microvessels with pericyte coverage (r=0.8; P=0.04). Finally, the endothelial cell layer was significantly thicker in the @entity1 with HMB-E than in the control subjects. Thus, the upregulation of @entity7 in idiopathic HMB-E is associated with a low pericyte coverage during the proliferative phase of intense angiogenesis, which may confer @entity2100 , possibly leading to excessive @entity190 .

title: Low pericyte coverage of endometrial microvessels in heavy menstrual XXXX correlates with the microvessel expression of @entity7 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) involves frequently the kidneys. Lesions encompass mainly @entity359 and @entity45 . The disease can be associated with @entity8 leading to the @entity2526 ( @entity2526 ) The objectives of the present study were to review the US appearances of the @entity8 in @entity1 affected by classical @entity2916 or by the @entity2526 and to verify whether it is possible to differentiate between both entities. The evolution of the lesions through time was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 55 cases of @entity1 <16  years with STB were reviewed by two pediatric radiologists. Clinical data reviewed included age at diagnosis, genetic assessment and complications; US data reviewed included renal size, type of lesions ( @entity359 , or @entity45 ), number and location as well as their evolution with time. Complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: 30 @entity1 (56  %) had at least one @entity8 (27 classical @entity2916 and 3 @entity2526 ). On the basis of the US findings, these @entity1 were separated into four groups. Group 1 (9 @entity1 ) displayed microscopic (diffuse) AML; group 2 (3 @entity1 ) displayed @entity3052 ; group 3 (9 @entity1 ) displayed only @entity8 and group 4 (9 @entity1 ) displayed the association of AML and @entity45 . Increased renal size, the large number and size of @entity5409 were suggestive of the @entity2526 . The isolated AML were suggestive of classical STB. The average growth of @entity359 was low before age of 12 and exceeded 4  mm/year thereafter. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity2916 , @entity8 is common. Some US criteria can help to suggest the diagnosis of @entity2526 . The growth of @entity359 is slow before 12  years and accelerates thereafter. Complications are rare.

title: XXXX in @entity2916 complex with emphasis on @entity5409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney lesion', 'renal involvement', 'renal cysts', 'autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic AML']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['contiguous gene syndrome', 'CGS']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['TSC', 'Tuberous sclerosis complex']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma-AML', 'angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal involvement']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) involves frequently the kidneys. Lesions encompass mainly @entity359 and @entity45 . The disease can be associated with @entity8 leading to the @entity2526 ( @entity2526 ) The objectives of the present study were to review the US appearances of the @entity8 in @entity1 affected by classical @entity2916 or by the @entity2526 and to verify whether it is possible to differentiate between both entities. The evolution of the lesions through time was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 55 cases of @entity1 <16  years with STB were reviewed by two pediatric radiologists. Clinical data reviewed included age at diagnosis, genetic assessment and complications; US data reviewed included renal size, type of lesions ( @entity359 , or @entity45 ), number and location as well as their evolution with time. Complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: 30 @entity1 (56  %) had at least one @entity8 (27 classical @entity2916 and 3 @entity2526 ). On the basis of the US findings, these @entity1 were separated into four groups. Group 1 (9 @entity1 ) displayed microscopic (diffuse) AML; group 2 (3 @entity1 ) displayed @entity3052 ; group 3 (9 @entity1 ) displayed only @entity8 and group 4 (9 @entity1 ) displayed the association of AML and @entity45 . Increased renal size, the large number and size of @entity5409 were suggestive of the @entity2526 . The isolated AML were suggestive of classical STB. The average growth of @entity359 was low before age of 12 and exceeded 4  mm/year thereafter. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity2916 , @entity8 is common. Some US criteria can help to suggest the diagnosis of @entity2526 . The growth of @entity359 is slow before 12  years and accelerates thereafter. Complications are rare.

title: @entity8 in XXXX complex with emphasis on @entity5409 .

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) involves frequently the kidneys. Lesions encompass mainly @entity359 and @entity45 . The disease can be associated with @entity8 leading to the @entity2526 ( @entity2526 ) The objectives of the present study were to review the US appearances of the @entity8 in @entity1 affected by classical @entity2916 or by the @entity2526 and to verify whether it is possible to differentiate between both entities. The evolution of the lesions through time was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 55 cases of @entity1 <16  years with STB were reviewed by two pediatric radiologists. Clinical data reviewed included age at diagnosis, genetic assessment and complications; US data reviewed included renal size, type of lesions ( @entity359 , or @entity45 ), number and location as well as their evolution with time. Complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: 30 @entity1 (56  %) had at least one @entity8 (27 classical @entity2916 and 3 @entity2526 ). On the basis of the US findings, these @entity1 were separated into four groups. Group 1 (9 @entity1 ) displayed microscopic (diffuse) AML; group 2 (3 @entity1 ) displayed @entity3052 ; group 3 (9 @entity1 ) displayed only @entity8 and group 4 (9 @entity1 ) displayed the association of AML and @entity45 . Increased renal size, the large number and size of @entity5409 were suggestive of the @entity2526 . The isolated AML were suggestive of classical STB. The average growth of @entity359 was low before age of 12 and exceeded 4  mm/year thereafter. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity2916 , @entity8 is common. Some US criteria can help to suggest the diagnosis of @entity2526 . The growth of @entity359 is slow before 12  years and accelerates thereafter. Complications are rare.

title: @entity8 in @entity2916 complex with emphasis on XXXX .

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['cystic lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The fate of organic pollutants in the environment is influenced by several factors including the type and strength of their interactions with soil components especially SOM. However, a molecular level answer to the question "How organic pollutants interact with SOM?" is still lacking. In order to explore mechanisms of this interaction, we have developed a new SOM model and carried out @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations in parallel with sorption experiments. The new SOM model comprises free SOM functional groups ( @entity4880 and @entity12683 ) as well as SOM cavities (with two different sizes), simulating the soil voids, containing the same SOM functional groups. To examine the effect of the hydrophobicity on the interaction, the organic pollutants @entity15213 ( @entity15213 , non-polar) and @entity10040 (SAA, polar) were considered. The experimental and theoretical investigations explored four major points regarding sorption of SAA and @entity15213 on soil, yielding the following results. 1-The interaction depends on the SOM chemical composition more than the SOM content. 2-The interaction causes a site-specific adsorption on the soil surfaces. 3-Sorption hysteresis occurs, which can be explained by inclusion of these pollutants inside soil voids. 4-The hydrophobic @entity15213 is adsorbed on soil stronger than the hydrophilic SAA. Moreover, the theoretical results showed that @entity15213 forms stable complexes with all SOM models in the aqueous solution, while most of SAA-SOM complexes are accompanied by dissociation into SAA and the free SOM models. The SOM-cavity modeling had a significant effect on binding of organic pollutants to SOM. Both @entity15213 and SAA bind to the SOM models in the order of models with a small cavity>a large cavity>no cavity. Although @entity15213 binds to all SOM models stronger than SAA, the latter is more affected by the presence of the cavity. Finally, @entity15213 and SAA bind to the hydrophobic functional group ( @entity12683 ) stronger than to the hydrophilic one ( @entity4880 ) for all SOM models containing a cavity. For models without a cavity, SAA binds to @entity4880 stronger than to @entity12683 .

title: Interaction of polar and nonpolar organic pollutants with soil organic matter: Sorption experiments and XXXX simulation.

entities_list: @entity15213 :: ('MESH:D006581', 'Chemical') :: ['HCB', 'hexachlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity10040 :: ('MESH:C036944', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfanilamide']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['molecular dynamics']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 is the leading cause of @entity717 with ~80% being @entity63 . Stem cell transplantation has been shown to improve functional recovery. However, the overall survival and differentiation of these cells is still low. The @entity1188 is an ideal location for transplantation as it is directly adjacent to the highly plastic peri- @entity1188 region. Direct transplantation of cells near the @entity1188 has resulted in low cell viability. Here we deliver neural progenitor cells derived from induce pluripotent stem cells (iPS-NPC) to the @entity1188 of stroked @entity19 encapsulated in a hyaluronic acid hydrogel matrix to protect the cells. To improve the overall viability of transplanted cells, each step of the transplantation process was optimized. Hydrogel mechanics and cell injection parameters were investigated to determine their effects on the inflammatory response of the brain and cell viability, respectively. Using parameters that balanced the desire to keep surgery invasiveness minimal and cell viability high, iPS-NPCs were transplanted to the @entity64 cavity of @entity19 encapsulated in buffer or the hydrogel. While the hydrogel did not promote stem cell survival one week post-transplantation, it did promote differentiation of the neural progenitor cells to neuroblasts.

title: Delivery of iPS-NPCs to the XXXX Cavity within a Hyaluronic Acid Matrix Promotes the Differentiation of Transplanted Cells.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct cavity', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['adult disability']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ) product adsorbed on @entity12525 has been developed with a short and simplified up-dosing phase, containing a biologically standardized allergen pollen extract from @entity4135 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability profile of the updosing phase and its immunological effect, in terms of specific IgG4 and IgE levels and immediate skin reactivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was an exploratory, multi-centre, open-label, single-arm, phase II/III clinical trial. Adults with a clinical history of @entity56 with/without @entity565 due to sensitization to olive pollen were selected. Five up-dosing doses (300, 600, 3000, 6000 and 15000SQ+) were administered at weekly intervals, followed by a maintenance dose (15000SQ+) after 2  weeks. Adverse events were collected during the 30  min observation period after injections, after a telephone contact 2  days after each visit, and after reviewing the subjects' diary. IgG4 and IgE levels and immediate skin reactivity were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the trial. RESULTS: Ninety-three subjects were included in the trial (mean age, 35.7        10.3  years; @entity1 , 66.7  %). A total of 95 adverse drug reactions, all mild in intensity and non-serious, were reported during the trial: 85 local in 34.4  % subjects, 9 systemic in 4.3  % subjects and one non-specific (grade 0). Within 6  weeks, significant changes in IgG4 and IgE levels and in immediate skin reactivity to @entity4135 were accomplished. CONCLUSION: This new @entity9285 derived from pollen of @entity4135 presented a good tolerability profile and induced significant immunological responses already after a 6  week treatment. However, the non-controlled design may limit the interpretation of these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT no: 2011-004852-20; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01674595.

title: Exploratory study of tolerability and immunological effect of a short up-dosing immunotherapy phase with a standardised allergen extract derived from pollen of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['SCIT', 'subcutaneous specific immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity4135 :: ('4146', 'Species') :: ['Olea europaea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity12525 :: ('CHEBI:33130', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium hydroxide']

answer: @entity4135 :: (4146,Species) :: ['Olea europaea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) constitutes a spectrum of @entity179 associated with @entity75 . The clinical heterogeneity is evident, and early diagnosis is a challenge. The primary objectives were to characterize @entity716 , initial clinical diagnoses and family history in neuropathologically verified @entity4943 - @entity1 and to analyze possible correlations with different neuropathological findings. METHODS: The medical records of 97 consecutive @entity1 with a neuropathological diagnosis of @entity747 ( @entity747 ) were reevaluated. Psychotic symptoms ( @entity1833 , delusions, @entity10963 ), initial diagnosis and family history for @entity146 were analyzed. RESULTS: Psychotic symptoms were present in 31 @entity1 (32%). There were no significant differences in age at onset, disease duration or gender between @entity1 with and without @entity716 . Paranoid ideas were seen in 20.6%, and @entity1833 and delusions in 17.5% in equal measure. Apart from a strong correlation between @entity716 and predominantly right-sided @entity75 , the majority of @entity1 (77.4%) were tau-negative. Only 14.4% of the @entity1 were initially diagnosed as @entity4943 , while other types of @entity303 were seen in 34%, other @entity146 in 42%, and 9.2% with other @entity16 . The @entity1 who were initially diagnosed with a @entity146 were significantly younger than the @entity1 with other initial clinical diagnoses. A positive heredity for @entity303 or other @entity146 was seen in 42% and 26% of the @entity1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic symptoms, not covered by current diagnostic criteria, are common and may lead to clinical misdiagnosis in @entity4943 .

title: Psychotic symptoms in XXXX : a diagnostic dilemma?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of, predominantly, the frontal and temporal lobes', 'brain degeneration']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive/neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'Frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid ideas']

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: Communication difficulties in @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) with @entity3124 @entity1 have been well documented for more than three decades. However, there is only a paucity of literature that has explored communication difficulties beyond the @entity1213 environment. This paper discusses the experience of communication difficulties in @entity3124 @entity1 in @entity1213 and beyond as part of findings from a larger study that explored the lived experiences of @entity3124 @entity1 in @entity1213 in the context of daily sedation interruption (DSI). The aim of the study was to describe the lived experience of @entity1 who experienced @entity3124 in @entity1213 using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in the DSI context. Twelve @entity1 aged between 20 and 76 years with an @entity1213 stay ranging from 3 to 36 days were recruited from a 16 bed @entity1213 in a large regional referral hospital in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. @entity1 were intubated, mechanically ventilated and subjected to (DSI) during their @entity3124 in @entity1213 . In-depth face to face interviews with @entity1 were conducted at two weeks after discharge from @entity1213 and at six to eleven months later. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed. Thematic analysis using van Manen's (1990) method was completed. The overarching theme; 'Being in limbo' and subthemes 'Being disrupted'; 'Being imprisoned' and 'Being trapped' depict the main elements of the experience. This paper discusses communication difficulties in @entity3124 @entity1 as one of the main findings relating to the theme 'Being trapped'. @entity1 ' reports of communication difficulties in @entity1213 are similar to those reported by @entity1 in other studies where DSI was not used. However, not many studies have reported ongoing communication difficulties after @entity1213 hospitalisation. Recommendations are made for new models of care and support to mitigate @entity3124 @entity1 ' communication concerns in @entity1213 and for further research into the causes and treatment to benefit this group of @entity1 . Most importantly, extra care is recommended not to damage vocal cords during intubation and cuff inflation in the course of mechanical ventilation.

title: The experience of communication difficulties in XXXX @entity1 in and beyond intensive care: Findings from a larger phenomenological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care units', 'ICU']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: Communication difficulties in @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) with @entity3124 @entity1 have been well documented for more than three decades. However, there is only a paucity of literature that has explored communication difficulties beyond the @entity1213 environment. This paper discusses the experience of communication difficulties in @entity3124 @entity1 in @entity1213 and beyond as part of findings from a larger study that explored the lived experiences of @entity3124 @entity1 in @entity1213 in the context of daily sedation interruption (DSI). The aim of the study was to describe the lived experience of @entity1 who experienced @entity3124 in @entity1213 using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in the DSI context. Twelve @entity1 aged between 20 and 76 years with an @entity1213 stay ranging from 3 to 36 days were recruited from a 16 bed @entity1213 in a large regional referral hospital in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. @entity1 were intubated, mechanically ventilated and subjected to (DSI) during their @entity3124 in @entity1213 . In-depth face to face interviews with @entity1 were conducted at two weeks after discharge from @entity1213 and at six to eleven months later. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed. Thematic analysis using van Manen's (1990) method was completed. The overarching theme; 'Being in limbo' and subthemes 'Being disrupted'; 'Being imprisoned' and 'Being trapped' depict the main elements of the experience. This paper discusses communication difficulties in @entity3124 @entity1 as one of the main findings relating to the theme 'Being trapped'. @entity1 ' reports of communication difficulties in @entity1213 are similar to those reported by @entity1 in other studies where DSI was not used. However, not many studies have reported ongoing communication difficulties after @entity1213 hospitalisation. Recommendations are made for new models of care and support to mitigate @entity3124 @entity1 ' communication concerns in @entity1213 and for further research into the causes and treatment to benefit this group of @entity1 . Most importantly, extra care is recommended not to damage vocal cords during intubation and cuff inflation in the course of mechanical ventilation.

title: The experience of communication difficulties in @entity3124 XXXX in and beyond intensive care: Findings from a larger phenomenological study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Chemotherapy is a widely adopted method for the treatment of @entity5 . However, its use is often limited due to side effects produced by anti- @entity5 drugs. Therefore, various drug carriers, including polymeric micelles, have been investigated to find a method to overcome this limitation. In this study, alginate-based, self-assembled polymeric micelles were designed and prepared using alginate-g- @entity1683 ( @entity1683 ). Amino-PNIPAAm was chemically introduced to the alginate backbone via @entity26408 chemistry. The resulting polymer was dissolved in distilled water at room temperature and formed self-assembled micelles at 37   C. Characteristics of alginate-g- @entity1683 micelles were dependent on the molecular weight of @entity1683 , the degree of substitution, and the polymer concentration. @entity632 (DOX), a model anti- @entity5 drug, was efficiently encapsulated in alginate-g- @entity1683 micelles, and sustained release of DOX from the micelles was achieved at 37   C in vitro. These micelles accumulated at the @entity5 site of a @entity5 -bearing @entity19 model as a result of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Interestingly, DOX-loaded alginate-g- @entity1683 micelles showed excellent anti- @entity5 therapeutic efficacy in a @entity19 model without any significant side effects. This approach to designing and tailoring natural polymer-based systems to fabricate nanoparticles at @entity1 body temperature may provide a useful means for @entity5 imaging and therapy.

title: XXXX -Loaded Alginate-g- @entity1683 Micelles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1683 :: ('MESH:C520884', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)', 'PNIPAAm']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: Chemotherapy is a widely adopted method for the treatment of @entity5 . However, its use is often limited due to side effects produced by anti- @entity5 drugs. Therefore, various drug carriers, including polymeric micelles, have been investigated to find a method to overcome this limitation. In this study, alginate-based, self-assembled polymeric micelles were designed and prepared using alginate-g- @entity1683 ( @entity1683 ). Amino-PNIPAAm was chemically introduced to the alginate backbone via @entity26408 chemistry. The resulting polymer was dissolved in distilled water at room temperature and formed self-assembled micelles at 37   C. Characteristics of alginate-g- @entity1683 micelles were dependent on the molecular weight of @entity1683 , the degree of substitution, and the polymer concentration. @entity632 (DOX), a model anti- @entity5 drug, was efficiently encapsulated in alginate-g- @entity1683 micelles, and sustained release of DOX from the micelles was achieved at 37   C in vitro. These micelles accumulated at the @entity5 site of a @entity5 -bearing @entity19 model as a result of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Interestingly, DOX-loaded alginate-g- @entity1683 micelles showed excellent anti- @entity5 therapeutic efficacy in a @entity19 model without any significant side effects. This approach to designing and tailoring natural polymer-based systems to fabricate nanoparticles at @entity1 body temperature may provide a useful means for @entity5 imaging and therapy.

title: @entity632 -Loaded Alginate-g- XXXX Micelles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy.

answer: @entity1683 :: (MESH:C520884,Chemical) :: ['Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunofluorescence antigen mapping (IFM), is a newly introduced technique for diagnosis and @entity2640 (EB) disease. The precise level of skin cleavage can be determined using monoclonal antibodies to EB-specific basement membrane zone protein. OBJECTIVE: To apply IFM technique in diagnosis and classification of EB and to identify utility and limitation of this method in our clinical setting. METHODS: IFM was done according to a described protocol by Pohla-Gubo et al. Monoclonal antibodies used for antigen mapping were against @entity4205 , @entity6881 , a6 integrin, b4 integrin, laminin 332, Collagen IV, and Collagen VII. RESULTS: IFM was done for 95 referred @entity1 , compromising 49 females and 46 males, aged 5 days to 45 years (mean = 9.5 years). Ninety cases were diagnosed with EB and classified as follows: EB simplex: (n = 13), junctional EB (n = 14), @entity4240 (n = 62), and @entity2639 (n = 1). Diagnosis was not made in five cases as their specimens contained no @entity4530 . Confirmatory genetic analysis was done for five junctional cases from two families with clinical features of @entity24507 . Genetic molecular studies showed nonsense mutations in the last codon of exon 39 of the laminin a3a ( @entity13939 ) gene ( @entity71462 ) and a donor splice site mutation in @entity13939 ( @entity71463 ) in the first and second family, respectively. CONCLUSION: IFM technique is relatively simple to perform, and interpretation of the results is not sophisticated. The proportion of inconclusive results will be decreased if the specimens contain freshly induced @entity4530 .

title: Using immunofluorescence (antigen) mapping in the diagnosis and XXXX : a first report from Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2639 :: ('MESH:C536321', 'Disease') :: ['Kindler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['classification of epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic EB']

entities_list: @entity24507 :: ('MESH:C537032', 'Disease') :: ['laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome']

entities_list: @entity71462 :: ('p|SUB|Q|57|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gln57X']

answer: @entity2640 :: (MESH:D004820,Disease) :: ['classification of epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic or silent @entity1151 (S-PE) in @entity1 with @entity1150 has been the focus of numerous publications with the objective of determining the incidence of S-PE and assessing whether its existence has any clinical or therapeutic consequences that outweigh the risks associated with the diagnostic tests performed and the increased healthcare costs. The objectives were to assess the incidence of S-PE using computed tomography angiogram (CTA), to understand the epidemiological factors that might trigger @entity887 , and to assess whether @entity4620 ( @entity4620 ) predicts the existence of S-PE's. METHODS: A prospective and consecutive assessment of 103 hospitalized @entity1 with lower limb @entity11942 in the absence of PE symptoms, using CT scan. @entity4620 was quantified before anticoagulation. The risk factors and characteristics of the @entity11942 were studied. A three-year follow-up assessing risk recurrence and clinical outcome was performed. RESULTS: The incidence of S-PE was 66%. In 77% of these cases, the main and lobar pulmonary arteries were affected. Iliac and femoral DVTs most often produced S-PE. ROC curve with a @entity4620 value higher than 578  ng/ml provided good sensitivity but low specificity to identify @entity1 with S-PE. Diagnosis entailed higher hospitalization expenses. No significant recurrence rate of @entity715 events was observed in the S-PE group during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of S-PE in lower-limb @entity11942 is high, but in the absence of symptoms, diagnosis does not appear to be necessary, as there are no short- or long-term clinical or therapeutic consequences.

title: Should we look for silent XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1150 ?

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic or silent @entity1151 (S-PE) in @entity1 with @entity1150 has been the focus of numerous publications with the objective of determining the incidence of S-PE and assessing whether its existence has any clinical or therapeutic consequences that outweigh the risks associated with the diagnostic tests performed and the increased healthcare costs. The objectives were to assess the incidence of S-PE using computed tomography angiogram (CTA), to understand the epidemiological factors that might trigger @entity887 , and to assess whether @entity4620 ( @entity4620 ) predicts the existence of S-PE's. METHODS: A prospective and consecutive assessment of 103 hospitalized @entity1 with lower limb @entity11942 in the absence of PE symptoms, using CT scan. @entity4620 was quantified before anticoagulation. The risk factors and characteristics of the @entity11942 were studied. A three-year follow-up assessing risk recurrence and clinical outcome was performed. RESULTS: The incidence of S-PE was 66%. In 77% of these cases, the main and lobar pulmonary arteries were affected. Iliac and femoral DVTs most often produced S-PE. ROC curve with a @entity4620 value higher than 578  ng/ml provided good sensitivity but low specificity to identify @entity1 with S-PE. Diagnosis entailed higher hospitalization expenses. No significant recurrence rate of @entity715 events was observed in the S-PE group during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of S-PE in lower-limb @entity11942 is high, but in the absence of symptoms, diagnosis does not appear to be necessary, as there are no short- or long-term clinical or therapeutic consequences.

title: Should we look for silent @entity1151 in @entity1 with XXXX ?

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic or silent @entity1151 (S-PE) in @entity1 with @entity1150 has been the focus of numerous publications with the objective of determining the incidence of S-PE and assessing whether its existence has any clinical or therapeutic consequences that outweigh the risks associated with the diagnostic tests performed and the increased healthcare costs. The objectives were to assess the incidence of S-PE using computed tomography angiogram (CTA), to understand the epidemiological factors that might trigger @entity887 , and to assess whether @entity4620 ( @entity4620 ) predicts the existence of S-PE's. METHODS: A prospective and consecutive assessment of 103 hospitalized @entity1 with lower limb @entity11942 in the absence of PE symptoms, using CT scan. @entity4620 was quantified before anticoagulation. The risk factors and characteristics of the @entity11942 were studied. A three-year follow-up assessing risk recurrence and clinical outcome was performed. RESULTS: The incidence of S-PE was 66%. In 77% of these cases, the main and lobar pulmonary arteries were affected. Iliac and femoral DVTs most often produced S-PE. ROC curve with a @entity4620 value higher than 578  ng/ml provided good sensitivity but low specificity to identify @entity1 with S-PE. Diagnosis entailed higher hospitalization expenses. No significant recurrence rate of @entity715 events was observed in the S-PE group during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of S-PE in lower-limb @entity11942 is high, but in the absence of symptoms, diagnosis does not appear to be necessary, as there are no short- or long-term clinical or therapeutic consequences.

title: Should we look for silent @entity1151 in XXXX with @entity1150 ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In light of recent developments in nanotechnologies, interest is growing to better comprehend the interaction of nanoparticles with body tissues, in particular within the cardiovascular system. Attention has recently focused on the link between environmental pollution and @entity65 . Nanoparticles <50  nm in size are known to pass the alveolar-pulmonary barrier, enter into bloodstream and induce @entity32 , but the direct pathogenic mechanisms still need to be evaluated. We thus focused our attention on @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) nanoparticles, the most diffuse nanomaterial in polluted environments and one generally considered inert for the @entity1 body. METHODS: We conducted functional studies on isolated adult @entity35 cardiomyocytes exposed acutely in vitro to @entity3759 and on healthy @entity35 administered a single dose of 2  mg/Kg @entity3759 NPs via the @entity825 . Transmission electron microscopy was used to verify the actual presence of @entity3759 nanoparticles within cardiac tissue, toxicological assays were used to assess lipid peroxidation and DNA tissue damage, and an in silico method was used to model the effect on action potential. RESULTS: Ventricular myocytes exposed in vitro to @entity3759 had significantly reduced action potential duration, @entity73 and decreased stability of resting membrane potential. In vivo, a single intra-tracheal administration of saline solution containing @entity3759 nanoparticles increased cardiac conduction velocity and tissue excitability, resulting in an enhanced propensity for inducible @entity943 . Computational modeling of ventricular action potential indicated that a membrane leakage could account for the nanoparticle-induced effects measured on real cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Acute exposure to @entity3759 nanoparticles acutely alters cardiac excitability and increases the likelihood of arrhythmic events.

title: @entity6701 nanoparticles promote XXXX via a direct interaction with @entity35 cardiac tissue.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of sarcomere shortening']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In light of recent developments in nanotechnologies, interest is growing to better comprehend the interaction of nanoparticles with body tissues, in particular within the cardiovascular system. Attention has recently focused on the link between environmental pollution and @entity65 . Nanoparticles <50  nm in size are known to pass the alveolar-pulmonary barrier, enter into bloodstream and induce @entity32 , but the direct pathogenic mechanisms still need to be evaluated. We thus focused our attention on @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) nanoparticles, the most diffuse nanomaterial in polluted environments and one generally considered inert for the @entity1 body. METHODS: We conducted functional studies on isolated adult @entity35 cardiomyocytes exposed acutely in vitro to @entity3759 and on healthy @entity35 administered a single dose of 2  mg/Kg @entity3759 NPs via the @entity825 . Transmission electron microscopy was used to verify the actual presence of @entity3759 nanoparticles within cardiac tissue, toxicological assays were used to assess lipid peroxidation and DNA tissue damage, and an in silico method was used to model the effect on action potential. RESULTS: Ventricular myocytes exposed in vitro to @entity3759 had significantly reduced action potential duration, @entity73 and decreased stability of resting membrane potential. In vivo, a single intra-tracheal administration of saline solution containing @entity3759 nanoparticles increased cardiac conduction velocity and tissue excitability, resulting in an enhanced propensity for inducible @entity943 . Computational modeling of ventricular action potential indicated that a membrane leakage could account for the nanoparticle-induced effects measured on real cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Acute exposure to @entity3759 nanoparticles acutely alters cardiac excitability and increases the likelihood of arrhythmic events.

title: XXXX nanoparticles promote @entity943 via a direct interaction with @entity35 cardiac tissue.

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['Titanium dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In light of recent developments in nanotechnologies, interest is growing to better comprehend the interaction of nanoparticles with body tissues, in particular within the cardiovascular system. Attention has recently focused on the link between environmental pollution and @entity65 . Nanoparticles <50  nm in size are known to pass the alveolar-pulmonary barrier, enter into bloodstream and induce @entity32 , but the direct pathogenic mechanisms still need to be evaluated. We thus focused our attention on @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) nanoparticles, the most diffuse nanomaterial in polluted environments and one generally considered inert for the @entity1 body. METHODS: We conducted functional studies on isolated adult @entity35 cardiomyocytes exposed acutely in vitro to @entity3759 and on healthy @entity35 administered a single dose of 2  mg/Kg @entity3759 NPs via the @entity825 . Transmission electron microscopy was used to verify the actual presence of @entity3759 nanoparticles within cardiac tissue, toxicological assays were used to assess lipid peroxidation and DNA tissue damage, and an in silico method was used to model the effect on action potential. RESULTS: Ventricular myocytes exposed in vitro to @entity3759 had significantly reduced action potential duration, @entity73 and decreased stability of resting membrane potential. In vivo, a single intra-tracheal administration of saline solution containing @entity3759 nanoparticles increased cardiac conduction velocity and tissue excitability, resulting in an enhanced propensity for inducible @entity943 . Computational modeling of ventricular action potential indicated that a membrane leakage could account for the nanoparticle-induced effects measured on real cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Acute exposure to @entity3759 nanoparticles acutely alters cardiac excitability and increases the likelihood of arrhythmic events.

title: @entity6701 nanoparticles promote @entity943 via a direct interaction with XXXX cardiac tissue.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genomic aberration is a common feature of @entity1 @entity5 and also is one of the basic mechanisms that lead to overexpression of oncogenes and underexpression of @entity5 suppressor genes. Our study aims to identify frequent genomic changes in @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to identify recurrent genomic alterations and validated the protein expression of selected genes by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Sixteen gains and thirty-two losses occurred in more than 30% and 60% of the @entity5 , respectively. High-level amplifications at 7q21.3-q22.1 and 19q13.2 and homozygous deletions at 1p33-p32.3, 1p22.1, 1q22, 3q27.2, 6p22.3, 6p21.31, 12q13.2, 17p13.2, 17q21.31 and 22q13.1 were identified. Especially, amplification of @entity23698 was detected in two @entity189 and homozygous deletion of @entity30291 in other two cases. In 15 independent validation samples, we found that @entity23698 (19q13.2) and @entity10362 (7q22.1) were amplified in 6 and 9 cases, and @entity71464 (17p13.2) and @entity32742 (17p13.2) were homozygously deleted in 3 and 1 cases. @entity23698 and @entity10362 were overexpressed, and @entity71464 and @entity32742 were underexpressed in @entity788 tissues than in morphologically normal operative margin tissues. Both GISTIC and Genomic Workbench software identified 22q13.1 containing @entity71465 and @entity24545 as the only homozygous deletion region. And the expression levels of @entity71465 and @entity24545 were significantly lower in @entity5 tissues than in morphologically normal operative margin tissues. Further validation showed that overexpression of @entity16225 was significantly associated with lymph node @entity3 , and overexpression of @entity9625 was significantly associated with invasive depth of @entity788 . CONCLUSION: These recurrent genomic changes may be useful for revealing the mechanism of pancreatic @entity105 and providing candidate biomarkers.

title: Identification of genomic alterations in XXXX using array-based comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']