abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report experience with laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity254 for treatment of discrete intestinal masses using a novel wound retraction device. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: @entity235 (n=2) and @entity468 (6). METHODS: @entity235 and @entity468 with discrete intestinal masses identified by ultrasonography without evidence of intestinal perforation or @entity298 , were included. A 2 portal technique was used; 1 portal was enlarged for insertion of the wound retraction device through which the intestine was examined as thoroughly as possible. The diseased portion of the intestine was exteriorized through the wound retractor and resection and @entity254 of the intestinal mass performed. RESULTS: Of the 8 animals, laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity254 through the wound retractor was performed in 2 @entity235 and 3 @entity468 . In 3 @entity468 , based on either location or extent of the lesion, 2 were converted to laparoscopic-assisted intestinal biopsies and 1 to an open colocolostomy. No other intra- or perioperative @entity532 were encountered and all animals survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity254 can be performed in select @entity235 and feline @entity1 with modestly sized, discrete intestinal masses.

title: A wound retraction device for laparoscopic-assisted intestinal surgery in @entity235 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report experience with laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity254 for treatment of discrete intestinal masses using a novel wound retraction device. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: @entity235 (n=2) and @entity468 (6). METHODS: @entity235 and @entity468 with discrete intestinal masses identified by ultrasonography without evidence of intestinal perforation or @entity298 , were included. A 2 portal technique was used; 1 portal was enlarged for insertion of the wound retraction device through which the intestine was examined as thoroughly as possible. The diseased portion of the intestine was exteriorized through the wound retractor and resection and @entity254 of the intestinal mass performed. RESULTS: Of the 8 animals, laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity254 through the wound retractor was performed in 2 @entity235 and 3 @entity468 . In 3 @entity468 , based on either location or extent of the lesion, 2 were converted to laparoscopic-assisted intestinal biopsies and 1 to an open colocolostomy. No other intra- or perioperative @entity532 were encountered and all animals survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity254 can be performed in select @entity235 and feline @entity1 with modestly sized, discrete intestinal masses.

title: A wound retraction device for laparoscopic-assisted intestinal surgery in XXXX and @entity468 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The abscopal effect is the effect of radiation therapy at a site distant to the area of irradiation. This is not a common event and has not been clearly defined, resulting in few reported cases in the literature. We discuss this phenomenon in a @entity1 with @entity157 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old Japanese @entity1 underwent extended right @entity96 . During his follow-up examination, a single lung @entity3 and a single mediastinal lymph node @entity3 were found. Trans-catheter @entity1416 was initially attempted to treat the @entity5 , however this approach failed to take effect and carried risks of @entity1416 . External-beam irradiation, with a dose of 2.25 Gy per fraction, was performed using an antero-posterior parallel-opposed technique (total dose, 60.75 Gy). A computed tomography scan performed one month after starting radiotherapy showed a remarkable reduction of the mediastinal lymph node @entity3 . In addition to this, we observed spontaneous shrinking of the lung @entity3 , which was located in the right lower lobe and out of the radiation field. No chemotherapy was given during the period. There has been no recurrence of either the lung @entity3 or the mediastinal lymph node @entity3 during a follow-up 10 years after the radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: We observed a rare abscopal effect in a site distant from the area of irradiation. Irradiation of the mediastinum resulted in @entity5 mass regression in the untreated @entity2 .

title: Abscopal effect of radiation on lung metastases of XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lobectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mediastinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['spinal artery embolism', 'arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a high prevalence of subjective memory complaints (SMCs) amongst older adults, many of whom experience significant distress. It remains unclear why some older adults with SMCs experience more distress than others. The Common Sense Model of Illness Perceptions has been used to explain @entity1 ' differential response to illness based on the beliefs they hold about their illness and subsequent selection of coping strategies. The present study aimed to examine the role of perceptions and coping styles in predicting @entity148 and @entity308 in older adults with SMCs. METHODS: 98 @entity1 with SMCs completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire for @entity2414 (IPQ-M), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), Geriatric @entity308 Scale (GDS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of illness perceptions and coping to the explanation of variance in @entity308 and @entity148 . RESULTS: Perceptions of SMCs were found to predict both @entity308 and @entity148 while coping strategies did not. Perceptions of serious consequences of SMCs and causal attributions predicted greater @entity308 , while attribution of @entity2414 to lack of blood to the brain was the only predictor of increased @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: Illness perceptions predicted @entity308 and @entity148 in older adults with SMCs. Contrary to the Common-Sense Model coping style was not found to be an important determinant of @entity458 . The findings provide a basis for developing interventions to reduce @entity458 in older adults with subjective memory complaints. Targeting causal attributions and perceived consequences of SMCs may help to improve well-being.

title: Perceptions of XXXX are more important in predicting distress in older adults with subjective memory complaints than coping strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory Problems', 'memory problems']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory problems']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome of preperitoneal @entity169 mesh repairs performed during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (EERPE). @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-three @entity1 underwent @entity169 during 2125 EERPEs performed between 2002 and 2008. Seventy-seven @entity1 had a unilateral @entity547 and 16 bilateral @entity169 . @entity1 were treated with EERPE or nerve-sparing EERPE and pelvic lymphadenectomy (if indicated) for @entity263 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 63 years (range 49-75 years). Operative time was 150 minutes (range 85-285 minutes) and estimated mean @entity190 was 240   mL (range 30-600   mL). Blood transfusion was never deemed necessary. No conversions to open surgery took place. The mean duration of catheterization was 6.5 days (range 4-25 days). One @entity1 developed a pelvic haematoma, three @entity1 had symptomatic pelvic lymphoceles, and one developed an anastomotic stricture. One @entity1 suffered a @entity130 during the procedure and another developed @entity1150 . The only complication of @entity547 repair was mild penile @entity2981 and @entity4 . During the follow-up period, we have never observed mesh @entity281 or @entity547 recurrence. CONCLUSION: EERPE combined with either a unilateral or bilateral laparoscopic @entity547 repair appears to be a safe and effective procedure. The incidence of complications related to either EERPE or the @entity547 repair was not increased. Oncological and functional outcome of EERPE seems not to be influenced by the performance of @entity169 .

title: XXXX repair during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy: outcome after 93 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injury']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Hernia']


abstract: A syndrome of distal common bile duct obstruction secondary to the fibrotic effects of chronic @entity788 has been recognized for some time. A group of ten characteristic @entity1 , seven of whom have undergone surgery, is discussed. The diagnostic techniques and surgical procedures are presented, and the results are analyzed. Three @entity1 with the syndrome were not operated upon and one improved spontaneously. The typical @entity1 was a male alcoholic, average age 48 years, with a history of chronic, relapsing @entity788 and @entity490 . The most consistently abnormal laboratory value is a markedly elevated alkaline phosphates level. Endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography and transhepatic cholangiography are the most useful diagnostic procedures. Fifteen per cent of the most useful diagnostic procedures. Fifteen per cent of the @entity1 operated upon required emergent surgery for @entity697 and @entity295 . Another 29 per cent required prompt intervention for progressive @entity1578 secondary to @entity2835 . The authors advocate an aggressive approach to establish biliary drainage in the presence of @entity697 or @entity2835 . If a dilated pancreatic duct can be demonstrated and @entity490 is the principal problem a direct procedure on the pancreas is needed.

title: Biliary obstruction in chronic XXXX : indications for surgical intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Evidence linking marginal intakes of the trace elements, @entity3407 , @entity920 , @entity219 and @entity4259 , with abnormal lipid metabolism and ultimately @entity65 is accumulating from both animal and @entity1 studies. @entity3407 supplementation of normal adult @entity1 , as well as diabetics, has been reported to increase high density lipoprotein @entity165 and decrease @entity1674 and total @entity165 . Subjects with the highest total @entity165 and @entity1674 usually respond the most to supplemental @entity3407 . Improvements in lipid metabolism, as well as those in @entity413 metabolism, appear to be related to improvements in insulin efficiency due likely to increased receptor number. Animal studies also indicate that improvements in serum @entity165 , aortic lipids and plaque formations due to supplemental @entity3407 are associated with decreased circulating insulin. Insufficient dietary @entity920 also leads to elevated lipid levels and @entity299 . Animal studies indicate an obvious degradation of the heart muscles. @entity219 appears to function in @entity65 primarily via its antagonism with @entity920 . @entity4259 may also affect @entity65 since @entity4259 is postulated to be involved in @entity1423 . These data demonstrate that the trace elements, @entity3407 , @entity920 , and @entity4259 , have beneficial effects on risk factors associated with @entity65 suggesting that a decreased risk of @entity65 may be achieved by adequate intake of trace elements.

title: Trace elements and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['Selenium', 'selenium']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium', 'Chromium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired heart function']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: Intraoperative mapping with a hand-held, roving electrode requires a sustained rhythm lasting 5 to 10 minutes. To overcome this limitation, a computerized mapping system that records from 60 epicardial electrodes simultaneously was used to study 16 @entity1 with @entity3153 . A sock containing 6 rows of electrodes arranged concentrically from base to apex was place over the ventricles. The total time from placing the sock to analyzing the most basal row of electrode recordings was 5 minutes. @entity73047 44-mm plaque containing 56 electrodes was than placed across the atrioventricular (AV) groove for detailed simultaneous mapping of the ventricle and atrium in the preexcited region identified from the most basal row of sock electrodes. During plaque placement and recording, the remaining sock recordings were analyzed and a complete isochronal epicardial map was drawn. The plaque recordings were then analyzed. This technique rapidly detects early activation at the AV groove as do other computer systems using only a band of electrodes around the AV groove. Also, complete epicardial mapping supplied important additional information. One @entity1 with a posterior paraseptal accessory pathway had ventricular epicardial breakthrough below the strip recorded by the AV band. When more than 1 early activation site was present along the AV groove, complete maps allowed multiple pathways to be differentiated from normal activation fronts ascending from the bundle branches. Complete epicardial maps allowed the study of rapidly changing or short-lived electrical events including isolated premature impulses, initiation and termination of reciprocating @entity591 by pacing, entrainment and changing degrees of fusion created by pacing during reciprocating @entity591 , and ventricular responses during @entity955 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Computer-assisted intraoperative mapping of the entire ventricular epicardium in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73047 :: ('p|SUB|A|39|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 39 X']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: Previous uncontrolled studies suggest that exercise rehabilitation reduces recurrence rates in post- @entity583 @entity1 . Six hundred and ten consecutive post-coronary @entity1 referred to an exercise rehabilitation programme have been followed for an average of 36.5 months (1-8 years). @entity204 amounted to 36 (1.89% p.a.) of which 23 were @entity204 , with an annual death rate averaging only 0.85% after the first year of conditioning had been completed. There were also a total of 21 non-fatal recurrences of @entity1188 . comparison has been made with 700 @entity1 enrolled in the Health Insurance Plan of New York. On the basis of smoothed probabilities for the risk factors reported in the New York series, we should have seen 89 deaths (P less than 0.001). Correcting for differences between the two groups (age and number of @entity6 ) gives a predicted mortality for the Toronto series of 63.5 deaths (3.42% p.a.). This discrepancy in favour of the exercised group is significant in terms of an infinitely large control population (P less than 0.001) and also sample sizes of 610 exercised and 700 control @entity1 (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001). Unfortunately, formally to prove such a 45% reduction in mortality by way of a randomised control trial would be extremely costly, possibly prohibitively so.

title: Prognosis in XXXX --the benefits of exercise as seen in non-randomised trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Total deaths', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy alone or in combination with radical hysterectomy remains a potentially curative treatment for @entity2622 . Late urological complications after curative radiotreatment are rare but often present difficult problems of management due to the progressive nature of radiogenic tissue damage. We reviewed all cases of radiogenic urologic complications after radiotherapy for @entity2622 treated at our institution over the past 10 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a retrospective analysis, out of all female @entity1 treated for @entity3041 (n = 543), 93 @entity1 with @entity3041 occurring after curative treatment for gynecological @entity5 were identified. The most frequent cause was progressive disease (n = 55); 30 @entity1 without recurrence had severe radiogenic urological complications (study population). RESULTS: Out of 30 @entity1 with a mean age of 44.9 years at the time of treatment for @entity5 , 6 had undergone primary radiotherapy and 24 had received adjuvant radiotreatment after radical hysterectomy. The observed late urological complications were: distal ureteral stenoses (bilateral in 4 cases, unilateral in 15 cases), distal @entity39 (n = 1), bilateral ureteral reflux (n = 3), vesico-vaginal fistulae (n = 5), @entity4570 (n = 1), severe @entity1494 shrinkage (n = 6) and @entity3832 (n = 2). Marked signs of radiogenic @entity2335 were observed in almost all @entity1 . The mean latency time between radiotherapy and manifestation of severe radiogenic urological sequelae was 19.4 years (range 0.5-41.5). Primary treatment of urological complications consisted in temporary urinary diversion by percutaneous nephrostomies or insertion of internal ureteral stents. Permanent treatment for radiogenic @entity1901 in all @entity1 with sufficient general health consisted of surgical or endourological urinary diversion or reconstruction. However, the majority of @entity1 were managed by permanent endourological measures. Lower tract fistulae were treated by distal ureteral occlusion and diversion. CONCLUSIONS: Although severe late urological sequelae of curative radiotherapy for @entity2622 are rare they represent major complications, result in considerable distress for the @entity1 , and often present difficult therapeutic problems for the urologist. As these urological complications can have extremely long latency times, focussed follow-up for early detection may be advisable.

title: Manifestation, latency and management of late urological complications after curative radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic bladder']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['vesico-intestinal fistula']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Botulinum neurotoxin (Botox) for elimination of pharyngeal constrictor muscle @entity2473 in tracheoesophageal voice restoration. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was made of 62 @entity1 between 1991 and 2002 who had Botox as the initial treatment for pharyngeal constrictor muscle @entity2473 . METHODS: One hundred units of Botox properly diluted in 3 mL saline was instilled unilaterally under electromyographic guidance after fluoroscopic identification and marking of the contracted pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The @entity1 were divided into three groups based on their response to the first Botox injection: group I, complete relaxation of the pharyngeal constrictors resulting in fluent voice, intratracheal phonation pressure of 20 to 40 cm @entity2507 , and the ability to say 15 to 20 uninterrupted syllables; group II, @entity4372 or incomplete relaxation of the pharyngeal constrictors resulting in intratracheal phonation pressure of 45 to 70 cm @entity2507 and the ability to say 7 or 8 syllables; and group III, failure to produce relaxation of the pharyngeal constrictors. RESULTS: After the first injection of Botox, 49 (79%) @entity1 were in group I or II (41 in group I and 8 in group II) and group III consisted of 13 @entity1 . Thirty-four @entity1 (55%) had group I (28) or II (6) responses for greater than 6 months. A second Botox injection enabled 6 of the 13 failures to move into group I. In all, 8 pharyngeal constrictor muscle myotomies (13%) were ultimately required in the 62 @entity1 . The group I speaker for the longest period has enjoyed 11 years of fluency and successful daily use of a tracheostoma valve after two Botox injections. CONCLUSION: Botox relaxation of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles has proven to be effective, has replaced secondary pharyngeal myotomy for the initial treatment of pharyngeal muscle @entity2473 , and is the only treatment in @entity1 who are not candidates for elective surgery. Radiographic assessment, electromyographically monitored injection, and the number of Botox units appear to be important to successful outcomes.

title: Botulinum neurotoxin for pharyngeal constrictor muscle XXXX in tracheoesophageal voice restoration.

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the surgical options for treatment of @entity1179 to determine the appropriate indications for conservative and aggressive management. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective review of 160 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1179 treated by the two senior authors (w.l. and h.f.b.) between 1973 and 2001. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 124 male and 36 female @entity1 with an average age of 56 years. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 16 years (mean, 5.2 years). Seventy-eight @entity1 (49%) had undergone prior surgery. Lateral rhinotomy was performed in 112 @entity1 (70%), with a recurrence rate of 18%. Conservative removal was performed in 41 @entity1 (26%), including 30 (19%) endoscopic approaches, with a recurrence rate of 12%. The remaining @entity1 underwent @entity2094 , osteoplastic approach, or craniofacial resection. The rate of malignant transformation was 7%. CONCLUSION: We present the largest personal series of cases of @entity1179 to date. Our data suggest that conservative approaches, especially endoscopic removal, can be performed on selected lesions with recurrence rates that are comparable to those of more aggressive techniques. Those @entity1179 that recur after treatment may represent a subset of lesions with an inherent @entity146 , for which optimal treatment has yet to be determined.

title: Treatment outcomes in the management of XXXX : an analysis of 160 cases.

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papillomas', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity2094 :: ('MESH:C537559', 'Disease') :: ['midfacial degloving']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: @entity17995 in @entity1 most frequently involves the penoscrotal area. The uncertainty of the outcome and of the relationship to the underlying @entity189 and associated internal @entity5 still exists. From 1982 to 2001, 33 @entity1 with penoscrotal extramammary @entity4261 were treated and followed up. Therapeutic modalities included @entity544 laser ablation (two @entity1 ) and local wide excision (31 @entity1 ). Split-thickness skin graft (22 @entity1 ), @entity2631 (six @entity1 ), and primary closure (three @entity1 ) were utilized to reconstruct the @entity154 after local wide excision. An underlying @entity189 occurred in seven of 33 @entity1 (21.2 percent). The incidence of associated internal @entity5 was 9.1 percent (three of 33 @entity1 ), including one concurrently and two nonconcurrently associated @entity5 . Eight of 33 @entity1 had local recurrence, representing an incidence of 24.2 percent. Three @entity1 (9.1 percent) had distant metastasis and ultimately died of @entity189 . Of these @entity1 , 31 were grouped according to the degrees of involvement: limited to the epidermis (group 1, n = 14), involvement of the adnexal gland and/or hair follicle (group 2, n = 10), and the presence of an underlying @entity189 (group 3, n = 7). Local wide excision with subsequent reconstruction by split-thickness skin graft was favored in this series. @entity1 with an underlying @entity189 or pathological invasion of the dermis (group 2 or 3) had a worse prognosis than @entity1 without. From this study, it is difficult to address the particular relationship between the outcome and the associated internal @entity5 .

title: Penoscrotal extramammary XXXX : a review of 33 cases in a 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal defects']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma', 'adnexal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local scrotal flap']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity17995 :: ('MESH:D010145', 'Disease') :: ["Extramammary Paget's disease"]

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: @entity3403 is a synthetic @entity803 compound whose main advantages over @entity803 are increased oral absorption, prolonged serum half-life and decreased gastrointestinal side-effects. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of @entity3403 in gingival fluid and blood after oral administration. 4 volunteers were given doses of 100 mg @entity3403 every 12 h on the first day of antibiotic administration followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg per day for an additional 4 days. 3 of these volunteers were also given @entity803 every 6 h for 5 days either 1 month before or after @entity3403 administration to compare gingival fluid levels of these 2 @entity803 compounds. Gingival fluid was sampled from 4 gingival sites in each volunteer at hourly intervals from hours 0 to 6, 9, 24, 27, 48 to 54, 57, 72, 75, 96 to 102 and 105. Blood was sampled by finger puncture at hours 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, 54, 72, 96 and 102. Antibiotic levels in gingival fluid and blood were measured using an agar diffusion assay method. The results demonstrated that @entity3403 achieved much higher levels in the gingival fluid than in blood and yielded comparable gingival fluid levels to those achieved by @entity803 . @entity3403 levels in gingival fluid ranged between 1.2 micrograms/ml and 8.1 micrograms/ml in the first 24 h and generally achieved 3-10 micrograms/ml after 48 h. Blood levels after 48 h ranged between 2.1 micrograms/ml and 2.9 micrograms/ml. @entity803 in gingival fluid after 48 h was generally in the range of 4 micrograms/ml-10 micrograms/ml with blood levels between 2.2 micrograms/ml and 3.4 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Concentration of XXXX in human gingival fluid.

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetracycline hydrochloride', 'tetracycline hydrochloride', 'tetracycline']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: @entity1211 produces chronic sequelae in the legs and occasional immediate mortality due to @entity1151 . Because it occurs in certain high risk situations (for example, after surgery) its prevention is a practical proposition. This has been attempted using many different approaches. Administration of low dose heparin with or without @entity3859 to enhance venous return has been one of the most widely tested regimens. There is little doubt that this can prevent, in many @entity1 groups, postoperative @entity1150 and @entity1151 , with a low incidence of adverse reactions. Some particularly high risk postoperative @entity1 groups (for example, those undergoing hip surgery) warrant more aggressive measures to prevent @entity715 . Surveys have shown that increasing use is being made of this approach, and it is hoped that all surgeons will adopt a policy that will reduce postoperative @entity49 and @entity1151 . A reduction in the incidence of @entity1211 in large acute @entity583 is achieved by low dose heparin, although early mobilization is important. In addition, many of the @entity1 at risk merit full dose anticoagulation to prevent intracardiac @entity1031 . Established @entity49 is treated effectively by intravenous heparin, followed by @entity1229 to keep the prothrombin time at 1.2 to 1.5 times control, as assessed using @entity95 thromboplastin; most @entity1 need three months of treatment. Anticoagulation is warranted for @entity1151 , with fibrinolytic therapy reserved for @entity1 with massive @entity887 and hemodynamic compromise. Embolectomy is a heroic measure, which may occasionally be lifesaving.

title: Preventive and therapeutic approach to XXXX and @entity1151 --can death from @entity1151 be prevented?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['fatal pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity3859 :: ('MESH:D004087', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroergotamine']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolic disease']


abstract: @entity1211 produces chronic sequelae in the legs and occasional immediate mortality due to @entity1151 . Because it occurs in certain high risk situations (for example, after surgery) its prevention is a practical proposition. This has been attempted using many different approaches. Administration of low dose heparin with or without @entity3859 to enhance venous return has been one of the most widely tested regimens. There is little doubt that this can prevent, in many @entity1 groups, postoperative @entity1150 and @entity1151 , with a low incidence of adverse reactions. Some particularly high risk postoperative @entity1 groups (for example, those undergoing hip surgery) warrant more aggressive measures to prevent @entity715 . Surveys have shown that increasing use is being made of this approach, and it is hoped that all surgeons will adopt a policy that will reduce postoperative @entity49 and @entity1151 . A reduction in the incidence of @entity1211 in large acute @entity583 is achieved by low dose heparin, although early mobilization is important. In addition, many of the @entity1 at risk merit full dose anticoagulation to prevent intracardiac @entity1031 . Established @entity49 is treated effectively by intravenous heparin, followed by @entity1229 to keep the prothrombin time at 1.2 to 1.5 times control, as assessed using @entity95 thromboplastin; most @entity1 need three months of treatment. Anticoagulation is warranted for @entity1151 , with fibrinolytic therapy reserved for @entity1 with massive @entity887 and hemodynamic compromise. Embolectomy is a heroic measure, which may occasionally be lifesaving.

title: Preventive and therapeutic approach to @entity1211 and XXXX --can death from @entity1151 be prevented?

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: @entity1211 produces chronic sequelae in the legs and occasional immediate mortality due to @entity1151 . Because it occurs in certain high risk situations (for example, after surgery) its prevention is a practical proposition. This has been attempted using many different approaches. Administration of low dose heparin with or without @entity3859 to enhance venous return has been one of the most widely tested regimens. There is little doubt that this can prevent, in many @entity1 groups, postoperative @entity1150 and @entity1151 , with a low incidence of adverse reactions. Some particularly high risk postoperative @entity1 groups (for example, those undergoing hip surgery) warrant more aggressive measures to prevent @entity715 . Surveys have shown that increasing use is being made of this approach, and it is hoped that all surgeons will adopt a policy that will reduce postoperative @entity49 and @entity1151 . A reduction in the incidence of @entity1211 in large acute @entity583 is achieved by low dose heparin, although early mobilization is important. In addition, many of the @entity1 at risk merit full dose anticoagulation to prevent intracardiac @entity1031 . Established @entity49 is treated effectively by intravenous heparin, followed by @entity1229 to keep the prothrombin time at 1.2 to 1.5 times control, as assessed using @entity95 thromboplastin; most @entity1 need three months of treatment. Anticoagulation is warranted for @entity1151 , with fibrinolytic therapy reserved for @entity1 with massive @entity887 and hemodynamic compromise. Embolectomy is a heroic measure, which may occasionally be lifesaving.

title: Preventive and therapeutic approach to @entity1211 and @entity1151 --can death from XXXX be prevented?

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: We investigated the effect of proteolytic enzyme treatment on the course of passive @entity8157 (PHN). PHN was induced by intravenous injection of Heymann antibody into @entity35 . Protease-treated @entity35 received intraperitoneal chymopapain and subtilisin. In @entity35 given subnephritogenic doses of Heymann antibody (5 or 10 mg, insufficient to cause @entity644 ), @entity8 were assessed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In @entity35 given 5 mg Heymann antibody and treated with protease in the heterologous phase of the disease (days 1-7), fewer animals were positive for rabbit IgG and rat IgG, as determined by immunofluorescence on day 12, compared with controls (p less than 0.01). @entity35 given 10 mg Heymann antibody and treated on days 1-5 were less frequently positive for rabbit IgG on day 5 than controls (p less than 0.05). When treatment was given on days 6-12 (autologous phase), fewer @entity35 had glomerular @entity95 and rat IgG compared with controls (p less than 0.025). Protease treatment of @entity35 given nephritogenic doses of Heymann antibody (greater than or equal to 40 mg, causing @entity644 ) did not result in significant differences in immunofluorescence deposits. However, protease treatment significantly reduced the number of electron dense deposits at all doses of antibody (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, @entity35 given 60 mg Heymann antibody followed by enzyme treatment in the heterologous phase (days 1-7) or throughout the autologous phase (days 6-18) had significantly reduced protein excretion during the autologous phase compared with control @entity35 (p less than 0.05). After onset of significant @entity644 on day 15 in @entity35 given 40 mg Heymann antibody and treated from day 15 until day 25, there was significantly less (p less than 0.05) @entity644 on days 21-22 and 24-25 than in control @entity35 ; thus, enzymes could reverse @entity644 . In normal @entity35 , administration of proteases did not have significant effects on urinary protein excretion, serum @entity1011 , or renal morphology, nor did protease affect anti-rabbit IgG antibody production in @entity35 injected with Heymann antibody. The overall results indicate that proteolytic enzyme treatment can prevent or remove @entity8 and can prevent or reverse @entity644 .

title: Proteolytic enzyme treatment reduces XXXX and @entity644 in passive @entity8157 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular immune deposits']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['Heymann nephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular immune deposits']


abstract: We investigated the effect of proteolytic enzyme treatment on the course of passive @entity8157 (PHN). PHN was induced by intravenous injection of Heymann antibody into @entity35 . Protease-treated @entity35 received intraperitoneal chymopapain and subtilisin. In @entity35 given subnephritogenic doses of Heymann antibody (5 or 10 mg, insufficient to cause @entity644 ), @entity8 were assessed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In @entity35 given 5 mg Heymann antibody and treated with protease in the heterologous phase of the disease (days 1-7), fewer animals were positive for rabbit IgG and rat IgG, as determined by immunofluorescence on day 12, compared with controls (p less than 0.01). @entity35 given 10 mg Heymann antibody and treated on days 1-5 were less frequently positive for rabbit IgG on day 5 than controls (p less than 0.05). When treatment was given on days 6-12 (autologous phase), fewer @entity35 had glomerular @entity95 and rat IgG compared with controls (p less than 0.025). Protease treatment of @entity35 given nephritogenic doses of Heymann antibody (greater than or equal to 40 mg, causing @entity644 ) did not result in significant differences in immunofluorescence deposits. However, protease treatment significantly reduced the number of electron dense deposits at all doses of antibody (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, @entity35 given 60 mg Heymann antibody followed by enzyme treatment in the heterologous phase (days 1-7) or throughout the autologous phase (days 6-18) had significantly reduced protein excretion during the autologous phase compared with control @entity35 (p less than 0.05). After onset of significant @entity644 on day 15 in @entity35 given 40 mg Heymann antibody and treated from day 15 until day 25, there was significantly less (p less than 0.05) @entity644 on days 21-22 and 24-25 than in control @entity35 ; thus, enzymes could reverse @entity644 . In normal @entity35 , administration of proteases did not have significant effects on urinary protein excretion, serum @entity1011 , or renal morphology, nor did protease affect anti-rabbit IgG antibody production in @entity35 injected with Heymann antibody. The overall results indicate that proteolytic enzyme treatment can prevent or remove @entity8 and can prevent or reverse @entity644 .

title: Proteolytic enzyme treatment reduces @entity8 and @entity644 in passive XXXX .

answer: @entity8157 :: (MESH:D015433,Disease) :: ['Heymann nephritis']


abstract: We investigated the effect of proteolytic enzyme treatment on the course of passive @entity8157 (PHN). PHN was induced by intravenous injection of Heymann antibody into @entity35 . Protease-treated @entity35 received intraperitoneal chymopapain and subtilisin. In @entity35 given subnephritogenic doses of Heymann antibody (5 or 10 mg, insufficient to cause @entity644 ), @entity8 were assessed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In @entity35 given 5 mg Heymann antibody and treated with protease in the heterologous phase of the disease (days 1-7), fewer animals were positive for rabbit IgG and rat IgG, as determined by immunofluorescence on day 12, compared with controls (p less than 0.01). @entity35 given 10 mg Heymann antibody and treated on days 1-5 were less frequently positive for rabbit IgG on day 5 than controls (p less than 0.05). When treatment was given on days 6-12 (autologous phase), fewer @entity35 had glomerular @entity95 and rat IgG compared with controls (p less than 0.025). Protease treatment of @entity35 given nephritogenic doses of Heymann antibody (greater than or equal to 40 mg, causing @entity644 ) did not result in significant differences in immunofluorescence deposits. However, protease treatment significantly reduced the number of electron dense deposits at all doses of antibody (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, @entity35 given 60 mg Heymann antibody followed by enzyme treatment in the heterologous phase (days 1-7) or throughout the autologous phase (days 6-18) had significantly reduced protein excretion during the autologous phase compared with control @entity35 (p less than 0.05). After onset of significant @entity644 on day 15 in @entity35 given 40 mg Heymann antibody and treated from day 15 until day 25, there was significantly less (p less than 0.05) @entity644 on days 21-22 and 24-25 than in control @entity35 ; thus, enzymes could reverse @entity644 . In normal @entity35 , administration of proteases did not have significant effects on urinary protein excretion, serum @entity1011 , or renal morphology, nor did protease affect anti-rabbit IgG antibody production in @entity35 injected with Heymann antibody. The overall results indicate that proteolytic enzyme treatment can prevent or remove @entity8 and can prevent or reverse @entity644 .

title: Proteolytic enzyme treatment reduces @entity8 and XXXX in passive @entity8157 .

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 of the skull base are rare. Therefore, no single center treats enough @entity1 to accumulate significant numbers for meaningful analysis of outcomes after @entity2122 ( @entity2122 ). The current report was based on a large cohort that was analyzed retrospectively by an International Collaborative Study Group. METHODS: One thousand three hundred seven @entity1 who underwent @entity2122 in 17 institutions were analyzable for outcome. The median age was 54 years (range, 1-98 years). Definitive treatment prior to @entity2122 had been administered in 59% of @entity1 and included radiotherapy in 367 @entity1 (28%), chemotherapy in 151 @entity1 (12%), and surgery in 523 @entity1 (40%). The majority of @entity5 (87%) involved the anterior cranial fossa. @entity957 (29%) and @entity420 (16%) were the most common histologic types. The margins of surgical resection were reported close/positive in 412 @entity1 (32%). Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy was received by 510 @entity1 (39%), and chemotherapy was received by 57 @entity1 (4%). RESULTS: @entity260 were reported in 433 @entity1 (33%), with local wound complications the most common (18%). The postoperative mortality rate was 4%. With a median follow-up of 25 months, the 5-year overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival rates were 54%, 60%, and 53%, respectively. The histology of the @entity5 , its intracranial extent, and the status of surgical margins were independent predictors of overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2122 is a safe and effective treatment option for @entity1 with @entity5 . The histology of the @entity5 , its intracranial extent, and the status of surgical margins are independent determinants of outcome.

title: Craniofacial surgery for XXXX : report of an international collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['CFS', 'craniofacial surgery']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the skull base', 'primary tumor', 'Malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant skull base tumors']


abstract: High-dose chemotherapy with BCNU, melphalan, or both, followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has been reported to produce response rates in excess of 60% in @entity1 with advanced @entity320 . We tested doses of BCNU associated with reversible @entity236 and acceptable extramedullary @entity137 without the use of ABMT in 19 @entity1 with a diagnosis of advanced @entity320 . All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and 18 were evaluable for response; one @entity1 had a new @entity5 . The @entity1 population had a median age of 44 years (range, 16 to 71) and a median Karnofsky performance status of 80 (range, 50 to 100). Ten were @entity1 and nine were @entity1 , all had visceral dominant disease, and none had received previous chemotherapy. Our purpose was to test the feasibility of treatment without ABMT, its @entity137 and efficacy, and the possibility of administering sequential repeated courses of therapy. @entity1891 was added to the regimen to potentially increase efficacy. Treatment consisted of BCNU (750 mg/m2) and @entity1891 (2 mg days 1 and 8). Six @entity1 who recovered bone marrow function received melphalan (60 mg/m2) and @entity1891 (2 mg days 1 and 8). Twenty-two percent (95% confidence limits, 3% to 39%) of @entity1 had remissions (all partial) and these were of short duration. @entity137 was substantial with 16% early lethality and 29% incidence of lethal drug-related complications. Two @entity1 (11%) died toxic after a second course of BCNU. Our results suggest that there is no practical role for high-dose BCNU in the treatment of @entity320 .

title: High-dose chemotherapy without autologous bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine', 'vincristine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of lung lobectomy in the @entity1 of @entity5 with lung metastases. METHODS: A total of 45 cases of @entity3567 with pulmonary metastases treated by lung lobectomy from 1985-2002 at PUMC hospital was retrospectively analyzed. Seven cases were diagnosed as invasive mole and thirty-eight as @entity1466 . RESULTS: Lung lobectomy was performed in all of these @entity1 after several courses of chemotherapy. Seven cases of invasive mole reached complete remission. Eleven cases of @entity1466 with stage IIIa had received average 13 courses of chemotherapy, 10 of them reached complete remission. Seventeen cases of @entity1466 with stage IIIb had received average 14.3 courses of chemotherapy, 11 of them reached complete remission. Ten cases of @entity1466 with stage IV had received average 15 courses of chemotherapy, six of them reached complete remission. In the 45 @entity1 , histologic examination disclosed haemorrhagic @entity39 tissue in 27 @entity1 , 17 of them reached complete remission (63%). Histologic examination also revealed @entity82 around the focus in 16 @entity1 , 14 of them reached complete remission (88%). @entity378 was found in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the development of effective chemotherapy has resulted in improved survival of @entity1 with @entity3567 , lung lobectomy remains an important adjunct treatment in a selected subset of @entity1 . Pathological examinations can help to estimate the prognosis.

title: [Evaluation of surgical resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic tumor', 'gestational trophoblastic tumor']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pulmonary metastasis of trophoblastic tumour']


abstract: A prospective randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural @entity1286 for @entity158 relief after lumbar laminectomy. Thirty-three male @entity1 were studied in two groups. At the end of surgery, Group 1 @entity1 (15) received 2 mg @entity1286 in 5 ml saline through an epidural catheter. Doses were repeated on demand. Group 2 @entity1 (18) received 10 mg @entity1286 intramuscularly on request in the postoperative period. @entity158 was assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively by the linear analog of @entity158 scale. There was significantly greater @entity158 relief in Group 1 than in Group 2 after 2, 6, and 12 hours, respectively. Furthermore, Group 2 received larger doses of @entity1286 than Group 1. There was no @entity65 detected in @entity1 in either group. Nine @entity1 in Group 1 and five @entity1 in Group 2 had transient postoperative urinary retention that required catheterization. Only one @entity1 in Group 1 had mild @entity111 and three @entity1 in Group 2 had @entity390 .

title: Epidural @entity1286 for XXXX relief after lumbar laminectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory or cardiovascular depression']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A prospective randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural @entity1286 for @entity158 relief after lumbar laminectomy. Thirty-three male @entity1 were studied in two groups. At the end of surgery, Group 1 @entity1 (15) received 2 mg @entity1286 in 5 ml saline through an epidural catheter. Doses were repeated on demand. Group 2 @entity1 (18) received 10 mg @entity1286 intramuscularly on request in the postoperative period. @entity158 was assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively by the linear analog of @entity158 scale. There was significantly greater @entity158 relief in Group 1 than in Group 2 after 2, 6, and 12 hours, respectively. Furthermore, Group 2 received larger doses of @entity1286 than Group 1. There was no @entity65 detected in @entity1 in either group. Nine @entity1 in Group 1 and five @entity1 in Group 2 had transient postoperative urinary retention that required catheterization. Only one @entity1 in Group 1 had mild @entity111 and three @entity1 in Group 2 had @entity390 .

title: Epidural XXXX for @entity158 relief after lumbar laminectomy.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: A case of cystic @entity528 in a @entity1 with localized left groin @entity158 , normal distal pulses, and normal arteriographic findings is reported. This @entity1 was first treated with evacuation and cyst excision. Recurrence was noted after 20 months, and an excision of the cyst and a segment of the common femoral artery with graft interposition was required. At gross examination, the cyst was unilocular and contained gelatinous material. The cyst appeared to be situated in the tunica adventitia and did not communicate with the vascular lumen. No synovial lining was present. Histologically, it was similar to a ganglion cyst with contents rich in hyaluronic acid. A review of the literature was undertaken to determine the results of treating this lesion. The disease is rare. All senior authors of case reports were contacted to construct follow-up information. A high incidence of recurrence was noted in @entity1 treated by evacuation and cyst excision. We believe that total cyst excision with the involved artery and graft interposition at the femoral site can be done easily, safely, and with virtually no chance for recurrence.

title: Cystic XXXX : is evacuation and cyst excision worthwhile as a definitive therapy?

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['adventitial degeneration of the left common femoral artery']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['adventitial degeneration of the femoral artery']


abstract: The pressure within @entity35 cardiac and renal allografts has been observed to rise during rejection. We wished to see if this pressure rise could be prevented or reversed with immunosuppression. Transplants were performed from Lewis or DA donors to Lewis recipients. The @entity35 received either a heterotopic cardiac transplant or an orthotopic renal transplant and were then treated with different immunosuppressive protocols. Intramyocardial pressure was recorded using a fine-gauge needle connected to an air pressure manometer. In the case of the renal transplants, a pressure transducer was used as well and the two methods compared. Intramyocardial and intrarenal pressures rose dramatically in unimmunosuppressed recipients of DA allografts. No such rise was seen in isografted organs, although the pressures recorded remained significantly higher than those found in untransplanted hearts and kidneys. @entity205 20 mg/kg/day was effective in suppressing rejection in both models, and inhibited any rise in intraorgan pressure. @entity205 10 mg/kg/day was less effective, and with 2 mg/kg/day allograft function was considerably impaired, one-third of the cardiac grafts being rejected by 16 days. In both models intraorgan pressures became raised. The addition of @entity1667 16 mg/kg i.p. on days 7 and 8 to this low dose regimen of @entity205 2 mg/kg/day rapidly reversed the rise in pressure and restored graft function to normal. Intraorgan pressure levels therefore accurately reflected the state of function of transplanted hearts and kidneys. When a manometer and a transducer were compared as a means of measuring the pressure in the renal transplants, the manometer method was found to be superior.

title: The relevance of pressure changes in transplanted hearts and kidneys in immunosuppressed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Because of the influence of @entity410 on functional independence, quality of life, and @entity65 and all-cause mortality, tremendous interest has been directed towards describing the age-related change in maximal @entity26 consumption (VO(2max)). Current evidence supports a 10% per decade decline in VO(2max) in @entity1 and @entity1 regardless of activity level. High-intensity exercise may reduce this loss by up to 50% in young and middle-aged @entity1 , but not older @entity1 , if maintained long term. Middle-aged and older @entity1 do not appear to be able to reduce loss rates in VO(2max) to less than 10% per decade, which may be related to @entity172 status. However, maintaining high-intensity training seems limited to approximately one decade at best and to a select few individuals. While the factors limiting the ability to maintain high-intensity training are not completely known, aging most likely plays a role as studies have demonstrated that training maintenance becomes more difficult with advancing age. Age-related loss of VO(2max) seems to occur in a non-linear fashion in association with declines in physical activity. In sedentary individuals, this non-linear decline generally occurs during the twenties and thirties whereas @entity2587 individuals demonstrate a non-linear decline upon decreasing or ceasing training. Non-linear loss rates are also demonstrated in individuals over the age of 70 years. The decline in VO(2max) seems to be due to both central and peripheral adaptations, primarily reductions in maximal heart rate (HR(max)) and lean body mass (LBM). Exercise training does not influence declines in HR(max), while LBM can be maintained to some degree by exercise. Recommendations for exercise training should include aerobic activities utilising guidelines established by the American College of Sports Medicine for improving CV fitness and health, as well as strength training activities for enhancing LBM.

title: Rate and mechanism of maximal XXXX consumption decline with aging: implications for exercise training.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: There is great need for an oral agent that could be used to treat pulmonary exacerbations in @entity1 with @entity1577 . In this study, the use of oral @entity2177 as sole therapy was evaluated in 18 @entity1 with 39 @entity166 episodes; 13 episodes were classified as severe, 19 were classified as moderate, and seven were classified as mild. @entity1 ranged in age from eight to 36 years (mean, 23 years). Dosage varied according to severity of disease, body size, and the susceptibility of the Pseudomonas isolate to @entity2177 ; the dose ranged from 750 to 2,250 mg daily (mean, 1,800 mg). Ten @entity1 received one course of @entity2177 , and eight received repeated courses. The overall clinical response rate was 82 percent. There was a response to the initial treatment course in 96 percent of the @entity1 . Those in whom therapy failed had been re-treated with @entity2177 and were severely ill. Failure to respond correlated poorly with pretreatment @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) values (0.6 microgram/ml for failures versus 0.4 microgram/ml for responses). Pseudomonas could not be eradicated from the sputum of any of the @entity1 , although there was a marked reduction in purulence and bacterial counts. In general, @entity1 who did not require re-treatment for three months would again have susceptible organisms. When organisms became resistant to @entity2177 ( @entity1987 greater than 2 micrograms/ml), they showed no concomitant new @entity4028 or @entity3405 resistance. No serious @entity137 occurred in any of the 39 episodes of treatment. In seven @entity1 treated with combination therapy ( @entity2890 or @entity17286 ), the infecting organisms were reduced in number, but eradication of Pseudomonas generally could not be achieved. Increases in @entity1987 occurred during combination therapy. @entity2177 is a major advance in the treatment of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: @entity2177 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimal inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity17286 :: ('MESH:D001390', 'Chemical') :: ['azlocillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: There is great need for an oral agent that could be used to treat pulmonary exacerbations in @entity1 with @entity1577 . In this study, the use of oral @entity2177 as sole therapy was evaluated in 18 @entity1 with 39 @entity166 episodes; 13 episodes were classified as severe, 19 were classified as moderate, and seven were classified as mild. @entity1 ranged in age from eight to 36 years (mean, 23 years). Dosage varied according to severity of disease, body size, and the susceptibility of the Pseudomonas isolate to @entity2177 ; the dose ranged from 750 to 2,250 mg daily (mean, 1,800 mg). Ten @entity1 received one course of @entity2177 , and eight received repeated courses. The overall clinical response rate was 82 percent. There was a response to the initial treatment course in 96 percent of the @entity1 . Those in whom therapy failed had been re-treated with @entity2177 and were severely ill. Failure to respond correlated poorly with pretreatment @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) values (0.6 microgram/ml for failures versus 0.4 microgram/ml for responses). Pseudomonas could not be eradicated from the sputum of any of the @entity1 , although there was a marked reduction in purulence and bacterial counts. In general, @entity1 who did not require re-treatment for three months would again have susceptible organisms. When organisms became resistant to @entity2177 ( @entity1987 greater than 2 micrograms/ml), they showed no concomitant new @entity4028 or @entity3405 resistance. No serious @entity137 occurred in any of the 39 episodes of treatment. In seven @entity1 treated with combination therapy ( @entity2890 or @entity17286 ), the infecting organisms were reduced in number, but eradication of Pseudomonas generally could not be achieved. Increases in @entity1987 occurred during combination therapy. @entity2177 is a major advance in the treatment of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: XXXX therapy in @entity1577 .

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['Ciprofloxacin']


abstract: @entity56 to food colors have been known since 1958. Reactions to @entity25041 , our example, include generalized @entity111 , @entity110 , @entity113 , @entity809 , @entity391 , @entity2704 , @entity5254 and @entity8968 , coughing, @entity4125 . Many @entity1 who are allergic to antiinflammatory drugs such as @entity117 and @entity3352 show cross-reaction to @entity25041 . Doses producing these reactions range from minimal amounts up to 750 mg. Symptoms appear after periods of time ranging from minutes to 6 to 14 hours. In view of these facts (some of which represent a threat to the @entity1 's life), additives, colouring matter, etc, do not usually appear in product labels or specifications, or in handbooks or catalogues used in practice. We drew up a list of drugs which may contain food dyes and coloring matter, yellow No. 5. A letter was written to 233 laboratories of which 159 (68%) replied. 72 (45%) in the affirmative and 87 (55%) in the negative, 74 (32%) did not reply.

title: [Pharmaceutical preparations which contain XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['asthma attacks and purpura']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity25041 :: ('MESH:D013645', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrazine']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity25041 :: (MESH:D013645,Chemical) :: ['tartrazine']


abstract: Previous clinical studies of the combination of local intravesical @entity221 with cytostatic drugs for the treatment of Superficial Transitional Cell @entity150 (STCCB) showed encouraging results both in reducing recurrence rate to 20-30% within 2 years and in ablative success rate of 79%. Our objectives were to evaluate bladder tissue and adjacent organs during and following @entity221 treatment. An intravesical catheter equipped with a radio-frequency antenna (Synergo SB-TS 101.1 System) was used for @entity221 and intravesical chemotherapy ( @entity1138 ) was instilled in vivo for 60 min in two anaesthetized @entity742 . Thirteen to fifteen thermocouples were sewn surgically on the internal and external surfaces of the bladder wall and on adjacent organs to monitor the temperature during the treatment. We expected the intravesical temperature to be under 46 degrees C and the external layers below 45 degrees C. The bladder was filled with 50 mL of chemotherapeutic solution (400 micro g/mL of @entity1138 in distilled water). The @entity742 were sacrificed at the end of the treatment. Three other @entity742 , which underwent thoracic surgery, served as control group. Histological changes in both groups showed foci of @entity4 and @entity548 with @entity32 in the lamina propria and serosa. Foci of desquamation of the epithelium were noticed in the treated @entity742 . Histological analysis of the treated group showed no significant differences from the control group. The control group showed similar changes, some less pronounced. The combined treatment of @entity221 with @entity1138 did not cause major @entity1494 or adjacent organs. All changes were superficial and reversible, and the control group showed similar changes, some less pronounced. Although this is an experimental model based on one single session treatment, rather than repeated treatments, it suggests that the approach may be useful in future studies both in models and @entity1 .

title: Combined intravesical XXXX and mitomycin chemotherapy: a preliminary in vivo study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: The @entity189 of the mucosa of the ethmoid was reported in all domestic animals but specially in @entity291 and @entity1707 in India. The @entity5 mass extended from the ethmoid to the nasal cavity and obturated the respiratory tract hence the clinical manifestation reported. Retropharyngeal and parotidal lymphnodes showed by metastases. The tumoral transformation was observed in the cells of the ethmoid mucosa. An early diagnosis could be done by sampling of cells in the nasal mucus. The disease was reproduced by instillation of cellular extracts. Several viruses have been isolated from the @entity5 tissue. In @entity1707 there was a correlation between the incidence of @entity5 and the use of @entity11189 contaminated feed. This was an enzootical problem for the herd but neither genetics or microbial factors are determined. Various attempts were made to control the @entity5 growth.

title: XXXX of the mucosa of the ethmoid in domestic animals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: Over the past 27 years cavernous @entity409 has been diagnosed in 12 nonoperated @entity1 and in 16 @entity1 who had resection of the lesion at Strong Memorial Hospital. In almost all @entity1 the diagnosis was suggested by an imaging procedure. In the 12 nonoperated @entity1 the average size of the @entity5 was 4.7 cm (range: 3-8 cm). No problems related to the @entity5 occurred during the follow-up period. The average size of the resected lesion was 10 cm (range: 4-32 cm). The usual indication for resection was @entity158 , mass, or a combination of these manifestations. Five lobectomies, five left lateral segmentectomies, two trisegmentectomies, two segmentectomies, and two enucleations were performed. There were no postoperative deaths. Review of the literature indicates that although rapid growth of the lesion occurred during pregnancy in one @entity1 , the effects of pregnancy or contraceptive drugs on growth are inconsistent. @entity1409 occurs infrequently, and the potential for @entity397 should not constitute an indication for resection, which should be performed selectively. Intraoperative @entity190 may be appreciable, but a mortality rate near 0% has been reported in all institutional series.

title: Cavernous XXXX . A single institution report of 16 resections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma of the liver']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['hemangioma of the liver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progress has been made in the design of bioabsorbable implants, with reduced complication rates and slower degradation times. PURPOSE: To report on complications related to use of @entity7049 implants after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization procedures. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1999, 52 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic stabilization at one institution with an average of 2.2 @entity7049 tacks. Ten @entity1 (19%), with an average age of 30 years, developed delayed onset of symptoms at an average of 8 months after surgery, including @entity158 in all 10 and progressive stiffness in 6. The @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic evaluation and debridement. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had gross implant debris. Evidence of @entity603 was seen arthroscopically in all 10 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had significant full-thickness chondral damage on the humeral head. All preexisting @entity75 were healed. One year after arthroscopic debridement, @entity12458 , and synovectomy, seven @entity1 reported no or minimal @entity158 and full return of motion. Two @entity1 continued to have persistent @entity158 and stiffness, and one @entity1 reported discomfort with overhand throwing; all three had @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with symptoms of delayed @entity158 and progressive stiffness after arthroscopic stabilization with @entity7049 implants should be evaluated for @entity603 and @entity130 . Arthroscopic treatment provides a significant decrease in symptoms and increased range of motion.

title: @entity7049 tack XXXX after arthroscopic stabilization of the shoulder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chondral lesions', 'labral lesions']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'glenohumeral synovitis']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity12458 :: ('MESH:D007594', 'Disease') :: ['loose body removal']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chondral injury']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progress has been made in the design of bioabsorbable implants, with reduced complication rates and slower degradation times. PURPOSE: To report on complications related to use of @entity7049 implants after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization procedures. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1999, 52 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic stabilization at one institution with an average of 2.2 @entity7049 tacks. Ten @entity1 (19%), with an average age of 30 years, developed delayed onset of symptoms at an average of 8 months after surgery, including @entity158 in all 10 and progressive stiffness in 6. The @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic evaluation and debridement. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had gross implant debris. Evidence of @entity603 was seen arthroscopically in all 10 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had significant full-thickness chondral damage on the humeral head. All preexisting @entity75 were healed. One year after arthroscopic debridement, @entity12458 , and synovectomy, seven @entity1 reported no or minimal @entity158 and full return of motion. Two @entity1 continued to have persistent @entity158 and stiffness, and one @entity1 reported discomfort with overhand throwing; all three had @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with symptoms of delayed @entity158 and progressive stiffness after arthroscopic stabilization with @entity7049 implants should be evaluated for @entity603 and @entity130 . Arthroscopic treatment provides a significant decrease in symptoms and increased range of motion.

title: XXXX tack @entity603 after arthroscopic stabilization of the shoulder.

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['Poly-L-lactic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a modified technique for stenting the @entity955 in the treatment of @entity1 with a failing Fontan operation or @entity120 . SETTING: Two tertiary referral centres. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective collaborative clinical study. @entity1 AND METHODS: A stent was mounted on a standard valvoplasty balloon catheter which was constricted to a predefined diameter by a loop created from a temporary pacing wire. @entity661 created a diabolo shaped stent configuration. The technique was employed in 12 consecutive @entity1 to relieve symptoms of a failing Fontan circulation (n = 6) or severe @entity120 (n = 6). RESULTS: Ex vivo studies confirmed that a diabolo shaped stent configuration could be achieved using the above technique. Transcatheter stent implantation was successful in all 12 @entity1 . All six Fontan @entity1 showed significant clinical improvement. Right atrial pressure decreased from (mean (SD)) 16.8 (2.5) to 13.7 (1.9) mm Hg (p < 0.05), and arterial @entity26 saturation from 92.8 (1.8)% to 82.7 (3.8)% (p < 0.01). Six @entity1 underwent successful stent fenestration for treatment of @entity120 . All stents were patent and stable at the most recent follow up (mean 1.75 (1.05) years). No early or late stent related complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: This new technique allows placement of a diabolo shaped stent with a predefined diameter across the @entity955 . The diabolo shape increases stent stability, facilitates recrossing of the stent during future catheter interventions, and ensures medium term stent patency.

title: Modified technique of stent fenestration of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Full balloon inflation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septum']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial septum']


abstract: The result of a two year, double blind, controlled trial of Transfer Factor (TF) in the treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) were reported in 1980. It was demonstrated that TF significantly reduced the rate of progression of the disability but the benefit of therapy was not apparent until 18 months after its commencement. After the completion of the trial, TF treatment was offered to all the trial @entity1 . Forty-five of these @entity1 accepted TF as treatment and have been followed for the subsequent three years. The twenty-three @entity1 who had received TF during the trial, and continued on TF after the trial, consistently had a slower rate of progression of their @entity15 . Although the twenty-two @entity1 initially on placebo had a significantly faster rate of progression during the trial, this slowed with commencement of TF treatment. After 3 years of TF, the rate of progression of disease was similar to that of the group receiving TF continuously for 5 years. In addition, 470 @entity1 with clinically definite @entity15 are being treated in New South Wales in an open study of TF. The rate of progression of the disease is being monitored by neurological assessments and appears to be similar to that of @entity1 who had received TF in the original trial. The follow-up study of the 1980 TF trial @entity1 and the open study of 470 @entity15 @entity1 confirm the original observation that TF has some effect on slowing the course of @entity15 .

title: Transfer factor as a therapy for XXXX : a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment regimens ideally are selected on the basis of efficacy, safety, and cost. This review evaluates current, selected literature on antibiotic prophylaxis for colorectal surgery, presumptive antibiotic administration following penetrating @entity1661 , and treatment of @entity1320 . Single-drug regimens with the newer, broad-spectrum agents are assessed and compared with combination regimens; specific regimens are recommended. Colorectal procedures require an antimicrobial agent with activity against both aerobes and anaerobes. @entity1 undergoing elective colorectal procedures can be adequately protected with an orally administered three-dose regimen of @entity5154 / @entity2929 . Parenteral antibiotic administration is generally not necessary, but, @entity3398 is recommended for nonelective colorectal surgery. The risk of potential @entity166 following penetrating @entity1661 without @entity694 is less than with @entity694 ; however, antibiotic therapy that includes activity against aerobes and anaerobes is recommended for all types of penetrating @entity1661 . Although @entity5821 , @entity5503 , or @entity3398 alone may be used in @entity1661 without perforation of the colon, only @entity3398 is recommended as a single-drug alternative to the standard @entity3402 / @entity801 regimen in trauma with @entity694 . Single-drug therapy with @entity3398 or @entity3399 can be used successfully as alternatives to the standard regimens of @entity3402 / @entity801 or @entity868 / @entity801 in many @entity1 with @entity295 . Single-drug regimens reduce the risk of developing adverse effects and are cost-effective. However, if resistant organisms are suspected, or if the @entity1 has been hospitalized for a prolonged period or has @entity881 , it may be necessary to supplement @entity3398 therapy with an antibiotic that will enhance coverage against gram-negative aerobes.

title: Antimicrobial prophylaxis of gastrointestinal surgical procedures and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ['moxalactam']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intraabdominal infections']


abstract: @entity8 caused by @entity205 ( @entity870 ) has been documented. Clinical experiences have shown preservation injury further potentiates @entity870 nephrotoxicity. This study examined the mechanism of nephrotoxicity defined by changes in protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and @entity7222 decarboxylase activity in an in vitro model. Initial results showed that @entity870 inhibited @entity235 kidney epithelium cell (MDCK) replication at a dose of 200 ng after 24 hr (P less than .01) and 100 ng after 48 hr (P less than .01). Protein synthesis was inhibited with 100 ng after 24 and 48 hr (P less than .01). There was a reduction in ODC activity with 200 ng @entity870 (P less than .05). Methods for simulating transplant-related @entity130 were then developed. Under ischemic conditions, 18 hr were required before a synergistic effect with @entity870 produced a reduction in replication (P less than .05). Incubation of MDCK cells in preservative solution at 4 degrees C under @entity519 conditions resulted in a time-dependent reduction in synthetic and replicative capacity that plateaued at 24 hr (P less than .01). The next step was to simulate the clinical situation by combining treatments. MDCK cells were incubated for 24 hr in preservative solution under @entity519 conditions at 4 degrees C, and then @entity870 was added at defined intervals. The addition of @entity870 before 24 hr resulted in a significant decrease in cell replication (P less than .05) compared with @entity870 addition after 48 hr. Similar results were obtained with cells incubated for 48 hr in preservative solution with @entity519 . These data suggest that @entity8 from @entity63 and cold storage requires a period of cellular repair and replication. Administration of @entity870 before this period results in further @entity8 . Our analysis offers an explanation of @entity870 nephrotoxicity seen in the @entity1 situation and, therefore, may provide a model for studying @entity1 nephrotoxicity.

title: An in vitro model for analyzing the nephrotoxicity of XXXX and preservation injury.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal damage', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Explants derived from @entity1 @entity11 have been characterized with respect to their cellular outgrowth pattern after 1-22 weeks in culture. A mat of cells which were fibronectin (FN)-positive and @entity538 ( @entity538 )-negative (hereafter designated FN+ cells) with a polygonal, flat morphology covered the growth substrate in a swirling pattern for a mean diameter of 9.2 mm around FN+ explants. FN+ cells showed ruffled plasmalemma, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulin (RDR), and extracellular filamentous strands. Rare desmosomes were compatible with at most minor leptomeningeal components or differentiation. FN+ cells predominated in six of seven cultures at passage 2, and their features were the same from various high-grade @entity11 and @entity3038 . Around other explants, @entity5588 cells which were @entity538 + and FN- grew in a netlike pattern with little cell-to-cell contact. These @entity538 + cells surrounded explants at a mean diameter of 2 mm, substantially less than FN+ cells (P less than 0.005), and they grew more slowly than FN+ cells around explants. @entity538 + cells had an area/perimeter ratio which was less than that of FN+ cells. @entity538 + cells contained abundant intracellular filaments, rare desmosomes, and narrow RER cisternae. In mixed explants, @entity538 + cells often grew on top of FN+ cells. Individual cells which stained for both @entity538 and FN were evident only from one @entity11 (8% doubly positive). Cells negative for both proteins resembled FN+ cells morphologically. Frozen sections of original @entity11 tissue showed FN+ vessel walls and @entity538 + parenchyma. Results are evidence for very early overgrowth of a preexistent FN+ cell type distinct from the @entity538 + parenchymal cell. The features of this distinct cell type are mesenchymal and resemble the proliferating vascular elements of @entity11 in situ. The tendency for @entity538 + cells to grow on top of these FN+ cells suggests a feeder layer interaction. More knowledge of the origins and interactions of these two cell types may increase our understanding of the mechanism of antigenic changes in @entity11 and may provide clues to improved therapeutic approaches.

title: Products of cells cultured from XXXX . VI. Immunofluorescent, morphometric, and ultrastructural characterization of two different cell types growing from explants of @entity1 @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5588 :: ('MESH:C538010', 'Disease') :: ['elongated or stellate']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: Explants derived from @entity1 @entity11 have been characterized with respect to their cellular outgrowth pattern after 1-22 weeks in culture. A mat of cells which were fibronectin (FN)-positive and @entity538 ( @entity538 )-negative (hereafter designated FN+ cells) with a polygonal, flat morphology covered the growth substrate in a swirling pattern for a mean diameter of 9.2 mm around FN+ explants. FN+ cells showed ruffled plasmalemma, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulin (RDR), and extracellular filamentous strands. Rare desmosomes were compatible with at most minor leptomeningeal components or differentiation. FN+ cells predominated in six of seven cultures at passage 2, and their features were the same from various high-grade @entity11 and @entity3038 . Around other explants, @entity5588 cells which were @entity538 + and FN- grew in a netlike pattern with little cell-to-cell contact. These @entity538 + cells surrounded explants at a mean diameter of 2 mm, substantially less than FN+ cells (P less than 0.005), and they grew more slowly than FN+ cells around explants. @entity538 + cells had an area/perimeter ratio which was less than that of FN+ cells. @entity538 + cells contained abundant intracellular filaments, rare desmosomes, and narrow RER cisternae. In mixed explants, @entity538 + cells often grew on top of FN+ cells. Individual cells which stained for both @entity538 and FN were evident only from one @entity11 (8% doubly positive). Cells negative for both proteins resembled FN+ cells morphologically. Frozen sections of original @entity11 tissue showed FN+ vessel walls and @entity538 + parenchyma. Results are evidence for very early overgrowth of a preexistent FN+ cell type distinct from the @entity538 + parenchymal cell. The features of this distinct cell type are mesenchymal and resemble the proliferating vascular elements of @entity11 in situ. The tendency for @entity538 + cells to grow on top of these FN+ cells suggests a feeder layer interaction. More knowledge of the origins and interactions of these two cell types may increase our understanding of the mechanism of antigenic changes in @entity11 and may provide clues to improved therapeutic approaches.

title: Products of cells cultured from @entity11 . VI. Immunofluorescent, morphometric, and ultrastructural characterization of two different cell types growing from explants of @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: Explants derived from @entity1 @entity11 have been characterized with respect to their cellular outgrowth pattern after 1-22 weeks in culture. A mat of cells which were fibronectin (FN)-positive and @entity538 ( @entity538 )-negative (hereafter designated FN+ cells) with a polygonal, flat morphology covered the growth substrate in a swirling pattern for a mean diameter of 9.2 mm around FN+ explants. FN+ cells showed ruffled plasmalemma, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulin (RDR), and extracellular filamentous strands. Rare desmosomes were compatible with at most minor leptomeningeal components or differentiation. FN+ cells predominated in six of seven cultures at passage 2, and their features were the same from various high-grade @entity11 and @entity3038 . Around other explants, @entity5588 cells which were @entity538 + and FN- grew in a netlike pattern with little cell-to-cell contact. These @entity538 + cells surrounded explants at a mean diameter of 2 mm, substantially less than FN+ cells (P less than 0.005), and they grew more slowly than FN+ cells around explants. @entity538 + cells had an area/perimeter ratio which was less than that of FN+ cells. @entity538 + cells contained abundant intracellular filaments, rare desmosomes, and narrow RER cisternae. In mixed explants, @entity538 + cells often grew on top of FN+ cells. Individual cells which stained for both @entity538 and FN were evident only from one @entity11 (8% doubly positive). Cells negative for both proteins resembled FN+ cells morphologically. Frozen sections of original @entity11 tissue showed FN+ vessel walls and @entity538 + parenchyma. Results are evidence for very early overgrowth of a preexistent FN+ cell type distinct from the @entity538 + parenchymal cell. The features of this distinct cell type are mesenchymal and resemble the proliferating vascular elements of @entity11 in situ. The tendency for @entity538 + cells to grow on top of these FN+ cells suggests a feeder layer interaction. More knowledge of the origins and interactions of these two cell types may increase our understanding of the mechanism of antigenic changes in @entity11 and may provide clues to improved therapeutic approaches.

title: Products of cells cultured from @entity11 . VI. Immunofluorescent, morphometric, and ultrastructural characterization of two different cell types growing from explants of XXXX @entity11 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Antagonism of ten @entity10644 spp., five of which produce antibiotics, to the plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae was studied. Antibiotic activity was detected in culture for the five antibiotic producers. @entity10644 , @entity13891 . geldanus, and S. noursei produced wide zones of inhibition to R. solani and P. megasperma var. sojae. Similar activity was found for S. reticuli var. protomycicus to P. megasperma var. sojae. S. cellulosae reduced Rhizoctonia root rot on @entity3587 when sterile soil was infested simultaneously with the antagonist and R. solani. @entity13891 gave almost complete disease control when the streptomycete was added 7 days prior to infesting the soil with R. solani. Several of the @entity10644 spp. reduced Phytophthora root rot on @entity1460 when the streptomycetes were added to soil at the same time as P. megasperma var. sojae or 7 days prior to adding the pathogen. S. herbaricolor and S. coeruleofuscus gave the most consistent control. No relationship was found between reported antibiotic activity or antagonism on agar media and reduction in disease severity. Only @entity13891 . geldanus gave both control of Rhizoctonia root rot and large zones of inhibition on agar media when the streptomycetes were preincubated in soil for 7 days.

title: Importance of antibiotic production in antagonism of selected XXXX species to two soil-borne plant pathogens.

entities_list: @entity10644 :: ('1911', 'Species') :: ['S. griseus', 'Streptomyces']

entities_list: @entity13891 :: ('1912', 'Species') :: ['S. hygroscopicus', 'S. hygroscopicus var']

answer: @entity10644 :: (1911,Species) :: ['Streptomyces']