abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors sought to improve the @entity137 of conventional concurrent chemoradiation therapy for @entity5 ( @entity1149 ) by using proton-beam therapy to escalate the radiation dose to the @entity5 . They report early results of a phase 2 study of high-dose proton therapy and concurrent chemotherapy in terms of @entity137 , failure patterns, and survival. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with 74 grays (radiobiologic equivalent) proton therapy with weekly @entity3003 (area under the curve, 2 U) and @entity1311 (50 mg/m(2)). Disease was staged with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT), and treatments were simulated with 4-dimensional (4D) CT to account for @entity5 motion. Protons were delivered as passively scattered beams, and treatment simulation was repeated during the treatment process to determine the need for adaptive replanning. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 19.7 months (range, 6.1-44.4 months), and median overall survival time was 29.4 months. No @entity1 experienced grade 4 or 5 proton-related adverse events. The most common nonhematologic grade 3 @entity137 were @entity1909 (n = 5), @entity2910 (n = 5), and @entity55 (n = 1). Nine (20.5%) @entity1 experienced @entity66 recurrence, but only 4 (9.1%) had isolated local failure. Four (9.1%) @entity1 had regional lymph node recurrence, but only 1 (2.3%) had isolated regional recurrence. Nineteen (43.2%) @entity1 developed distant @entity3 . The overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 86% and 63% at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent high-dose proton therapy and chemotherapy are well tolerated, and the median survival time of 29.4 months is encouraging for unresectable @entity5 .

title: Phase 2 study of high-dose proton therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III NSCLC', 'stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) is characterized by a nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations, but the clinical significance of different cytogenetic patterns is unknown. The present study describes the cytogenetic findings and the clinical course in a cohort of 39 @entity1 with @entity3969 . Samples for short-term culturing and cytogenetic analysis were obtained during a 15-year period. Clonal chromosome aberrations were detected in 23 samples from 19 @entity1 . Tumors that relapsed more often showed clonal aberrations than did @entity5 that did not. However, this association my have been due to sampling bias. Among the cases with karyotypically abnormal samples, the modal chromosome number was in the near-diploid range in 10, @entity981 /hypotriploid in 8, and hypodiploid in 1. The most common changes were trisomy 12 and gain of 1q material (8 cases each), trisomy/tetrasomy 8 (7 cases), and trisomy 13 (5 cases). None of these frequently occurring abnormalities, or the ploidy level, showed any association with clinical outcome, using tumor relapse as an end-point. Nor could any relationship between cytogenetic features and histopathologic subtype be discerned. Although the number of informative cases was too small for proper evaluation, the present study did not contradict the previous notion that loss of material from the long arm of chromosome 16 is associated with poor clinical outcome. All three @entity1 with deletion of 16q developed @entity3 .

title: Cytogenetic findings and clinical course in a consecutive series of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor', 'WT']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumors']


abstract: AIMS: To perform an item analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( @entity15818 ) versus the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the prediction of @entity73 , and to examine the characteristics of different @entity15818 threshold scores. METHODS: 135 subjects enrolled in a longitudinal clinicopathologic study were administered the @entity15818 by a single physician and the MMSE by a trained research assistant. Subjects were classified as cognitively impaired or cognitively normal based on independent neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: 89 subjects were found to be cognitively normal, and 46 cognitively impaired (20 with @entity303 , 26 with mild @entity73 ). The @entity15818 was superior in both sensitivity and specificity to the MMSE, although not all @entity15818 tasks were of equal predictive value. A @entity15818 threshold score of 26 had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 52% in this population. In a population with a 20% prevalence of @entity73 , a threshold of 24 was optimal (negative predictive value 96%, positive predictive value 47%). CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests the potential for creating an abbreviated @entity15818 . For screening in primary care, the @entity15818 threshold of 26 appears optimal. For testing in a @entity2414 clinic, a lower threshold has better predictive value.

title: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the mini-mental state examination as screening instruments for XXXX : item analyses and threshold scores.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3147 contributes to morbidity, studies of pre- and postoperative nutrition often include well-nourished @entity1 unlikely to benefit from therapy and usually do not stratify by the site of surgical pathology. This study evaluates whether perceived preoperative markers of nutritional status recorded in charts correlates with @entity260 and resource use in @entity1 who receive no preoperative nutrition support and reinterprets the results of several conflicting randomized, prospective studies in this context. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 526 surgical @entity1 who had preoperative serum @entity2313 levels measured and were undergoing elective esophageal, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal, or colon surgery between 1992 and 1996 who could have received preoperative nutrition but did not. RESULTS: Most medical records contained inadequate analysis of preoperative nutritional status, but preoperative @entity2313 correlated inversely with complications, length of stay, postoperative stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mortality, and resumption of oral intake. @entity1 undergoing esophageal or pancreatic procedures sustained a significantly higher complication rate at most @entity2313 levels, whereas colonic surgery resulted in lower complication rates at the same @entity2313 levels. Resource use (eg, length of stay and ICU stay) related to these complication rates; esophageal and pancreatic procedures used the most resources and colon procedures used the fewest at most @entity2313 levels. This lack of appreciation for nutritional risk and operative site can explain discrepancies in outcome noted in several randomized, prospective nutritional studies and must be applied to the design and implementation of new studies. CONCLUSIONS: Elective, non-emergent esophageal and pancreatic procedures performed in @entity1 who could have had surgery delayed for preoperative nutrition, but did not, result in higher risk than colon surgery at any given level of serum @entity2313 below 3.25 g/dL. @entity1 populations in trials should be stratified by operative site and by markers of nutritional status. Degree of @entity4988 and other potential markers of nutritional status may explain many of the discrepancies between trials of nutrition support. Preexisting @entity4988 in @entity1 undergoing elective surgery remains underappreciated, unrecognized, and untreated in many hospitalized @entity1 .

title: Preoperative XXXX and surgical site identify surgical risk for major @entity260 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3147 contributes to morbidity, studies of pre- and postoperative nutrition often include well-nourished @entity1 unlikely to benefit from therapy and usually do not stratify by the site of surgical pathology. This study evaluates whether perceived preoperative markers of nutritional status recorded in charts correlates with @entity260 and resource use in @entity1 who receive no preoperative nutrition support and reinterprets the results of several conflicting randomized, prospective studies in this context. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 526 surgical @entity1 who had preoperative serum @entity2313 levels measured and were undergoing elective esophageal, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal, or colon surgery between 1992 and 1996 who could have received preoperative nutrition but did not. RESULTS: Most medical records contained inadequate analysis of preoperative nutritional status, but preoperative @entity2313 correlated inversely with complications, length of stay, postoperative stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mortality, and resumption of oral intake. @entity1 undergoing esophageal or pancreatic procedures sustained a significantly higher complication rate at most @entity2313 levels, whereas colonic surgery resulted in lower complication rates at the same @entity2313 levels. Resource use (eg, length of stay and ICU stay) related to these complication rates; esophageal and pancreatic procedures used the most resources and colon procedures used the fewest at most @entity2313 levels. This lack of appreciation for nutritional risk and operative site can explain discrepancies in outcome noted in several randomized, prospective nutritional studies and must be applied to the design and implementation of new studies. CONCLUSIONS: Elective, non-emergent esophageal and pancreatic procedures performed in @entity1 who could have had surgery delayed for preoperative nutrition, but did not, result in higher risk than colon surgery at any given level of serum @entity2313 below 3.25 g/dL. @entity1 populations in trials should be stratified by operative site and by markers of nutritional status. Degree of @entity4988 and other potential markers of nutritional status may explain many of the discrepancies between trials of nutrition support. Preexisting @entity4988 in @entity1 undergoing elective surgery remains underappreciated, unrecognized, and untreated in many hospitalized @entity1 .

title: Preoperative @entity2313 and surgical site identify surgical risk for major XXXX .

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of early addition of corticosteroids to antibiotics in the treatment of @entity3283 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty eyes of 30 @entity1 , over the age of 12 years, with @entity3283 confirmed by culture. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized before enrollment; 15 were treated with @entity7046 (Zymar) and a masked placebo and the other 15 were treated with @entity7046 and masked @entity619 0.1% (Maxidex). Primary outcome was residual @entity1066 size at 10 weeks based on digital photographs. Secondary outcomes included residual @entity1066 area by clinician estimate, visual acuity, VF-14 score, and time to healing. RESULTS: All subjects (n = 30) demonstrated a reduction in @entity1066 size over the study period. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the primary outcome. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in 1 of the secondary outcomes. The mean residual @entity1066 size compared with the baseline by clinician estimate (slit-lamp) was -0.789 mm2 for the antibiotic-only group and -4.206 mm2 for the antibiotic- @entity134 group (p = 0.05). Among the other secondary outcomes there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was demonstrated in our primary outcome for using @entity230 in combination with antibiotic therapy in treatment of @entity3283 . This study suggests that the early addition of @entity230 to the antibiotic treatment of @entity3283 does not seem to be harmful when employed in a closely monitored clinical setting.

title: Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic- @entity134 combination treatment in corneal XXXX @entity1 : double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial corneal ulcer', 'corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of early addition of corticosteroids to antibiotics in the treatment of @entity3283 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty eyes of 30 @entity1 , over the age of 12 years, with @entity3283 confirmed by culture. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized before enrollment; 15 were treated with @entity7046 (Zymar) and a masked placebo and the other 15 were treated with @entity7046 and masked @entity619 0.1% (Maxidex). Primary outcome was residual @entity1066 size at 10 weeks based on digital photographs. Secondary outcomes included residual @entity1066 area by clinician estimate, visual acuity, VF-14 score, and time to healing. RESULTS: All subjects (n = 30) demonstrated a reduction in @entity1066 size over the study period. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the primary outcome. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in 1 of the secondary outcomes. The mean residual @entity1066 size compared with the baseline by clinician estimate (slit-lamp) was -0.789 mm2 for the antibiotic-only group and -4.206 mm2 for the antibiotic- @entity134 group (p = 0.05). Among the other secondary outcomes there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was demonstrated in our primary outcome for using @entity230 in combination with antibiotic therapy in treatment of @entity3283 . This study suggests that the early addition of @entity230 to the antibiotic treatment of @entity3283 does not seem to be harmful when employed in a closely monitored clinical setting.

title: Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic- XXXX combination treatment in corneal @entity1066 @entity1 : double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of early addition of corticosteroids to antibiotics in the treatment of @entity3283 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty eyes of 30 @entity1 , over the age of 12 years, with @entity3283 confirmed by culture. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized before enrollment; 15 were treated with @entity7046 (Zymar) and a masked placebo and the other 15 were treated with @entity7046 and masked @entity619 0.1% (Maxidex). Primary outcome was residual @entity1066 size at 10 weeks based on digital photographs. Secondary outcomes included residual @entity1066 area by clinician estimate, visual acuity, VF-14 score, and time to healing. RESULTS: All subjects (n = 30) demonstrated a reduction in @entity1066 size over the study period. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the primary outcome. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in 1 of the secondary outcomes. The mean residual @entity1066 size compared with the baseline by clinician estimate (slit-lamp) was -0.789 mm2 for the antibiotic-only group and -4.206 mm2 for the antibiotic- @entity134 group (p = 0.05). Among the other secondary outcomes there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was demonstrated in our primary outcome for using @entity230 in combination with antibiotic therapy in treatment of @entity3283 . This study suggests that the early addition of @entity230 to the antibiotic treatment of @entity3283 does not seem to be harmful when employed in a closely monitored clinical setting.

title: Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic- @entity134 combination treatment in corneal @entity1066 XXXX : double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether case-mix and health utilization disparities exist between Medicaid enrollees within a Michigan managed care organization (MCO) who selected primary care providers (PCPs) affiliated with a major @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ) and enrollees who selected community providers. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using cost estimates obtained from claims data and based on a standardized Medicaid fee schedule. METHODS: We established the prevalence of 25 high-cost chronic medical conditions from the claims data for capitated Medicaid enrollees from January 1, 1997, through October 31, 1999. We assessed differences in healthcare cost estimates per member for Medicaid enrollees at @entity4207 primary care sites versus other community sites using t tests and linear regressions, including analyses stratified for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) programs. RESULTS: Enrollees with @entity4207 providers had a much higher cumulative prevalence of the 25 high-cost chronic medical conditions (95.6 per 1000 enrollees versus 65.6 per 1000; P < .001), and virtually all of this difference was confined to @entity717 enrollees. Estimated total costs were also higher for @entity717 Medicaid enrollees at the @entity4207 sites than for those at community sites. The average total services and pharmacy cost estimates per @entity717 member were  1219 higher per member per year at the @entity4207 sites (P < .001), primarily from costs of inpatient hospitalizations. Regression analyses demonstrated that differences in the prevalence of the 25 high-cost chronic medical conditions accounted for about 50% of the cost differences observed between sites. These analyses suggest that at least half of the observed cost disparity was due to adverse selection. CONCLUSIONS: This study found both significant case-mix and cost disparities for @entity717 @entity1 , suggesting that @entity4207 primary care sites experienced substantial adverse selection. Unless approaches to account for adverse selection are put in place, this phenomenon could jeopardize @entity717 Medicaid recipients' ongoing access to needed medical care.

title: Medicaid managed care: are academic medical centers penalized by attracting XXXX with high-cost conditions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ABAD', 'Aid to Blind and Disabled']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['AMC', 'academic medical center']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare systemic complications between standard surgery and endovascular repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) for both primary and late secondary procedures. METHODS: At a single center between July 1993 and May 2000, 297 @entity1 (255 @entity1 ; mean age 73.4 +/- 8.1 years, range 50-93) were treated with open surgical repair; beginning in 1996, 200 (166 @entity1 ; mean age 73.6 +/- 8.0 years, range 45-96) @entity1 were treated with the AneuRx stent-graft. In a comparison of the cohorts, which were similar in terms of age, gender, and @entity439 diameter, the main outcomes were early major systemic morbidity following the primary procedure to treat the @entity439 and late (>30 days) organ system morbidity for any secondary procedures. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up for open @entity1 was 20.1 +/- 17.1 months (range 1-150) compared to 12.4 +/- 9.6 months (range 1-60) after endovascular repair (p<0.05). There were 36 (12.1%) systemic complications after the primary open surgery and 15 (7.5%) after endovascular repair (p=NS). There were 43 (14.5%) combined primary and secondary morbidities in the open surgery group versus 15 (7.5%) for @entity1 undergoing endovascular repair (p<0.01). The need for invasive procedures to treat these primary and secondary systemic complications was 4 times greater in the open group (17, 5.7%) than in endograft @entity1 (3, 1.5%) (p<0.05). After secondary procedures (32 in the open group and 30 in the endovascular @entity1 ) for graft-related complications, there were 7 (21.9%) adverse events in the open group versus none (0%) for endograft @entity1 (p<0.01). Hospital lengths of stay following both primary and secondary procedures were lower for the endograft @entity1 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft repair compared to open surgery has reduced the early and late morbidity by half. Complications that require invasive or secondary surgical procedures and hospitalization are reduced with endovascular repair.

title: Endovascular repair reduces early and late morbidity compared to open surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Cardiac structural adaptations in response to physical growth and @entity28 in older @entity1 have been identified and might have long-term consequences. We examined the associations of growth and @entity28 with @entity299 during the first 2 years of life. In a population-based prospective cohort study among 974 @entity1 , left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular mass, aortic root diameter, and fractional shortening were repeatedly measured by ultrasound at the ages of 1.5, 6, and 24 months. Height, weight, and subcutaneous fat mass were measured at the same visits, and blood pressure was measured at the age of 24 months. Height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area were positively associated with all of the @entity299 during the first 2 years of life. At the age of 24 months, as compared with normal weight @entity1 , @entity28 @entity1 had a greater left ventricular mass (1.04 SD score [95% CI: 0.20 to 1.89]) and a higher fractional shortening (0.91 SD score [95% CI: 0.02 to 1.80]). Nonsignificant tendencies were found for left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, and aortic root diameter. Our results suggest that normal variation in growth affects @entity299 in early life. Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 show cardiac adaptations already at the age of 2 years. Further studies are needed to assess whether these structural adaptations influence the risk of @entity65 in later life.

title: Growth, XXXX , and @entity299 in early childhood: the Generation R Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac structures']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Cardiac structural adaptations in response to physical growth and @entity28 in older @entity1 have been identified and might have long-term consequences. We examined the associations of growth and @entity28 with @entity299 during the first 2 years of life. In a population-based prospective cohort study among 974 @entity1 , left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular mass, aortic root diameter, and fractional shortening were repeatedly measured by ultrasound at the ages of 1.5, 6, and 24 months. Height, weight, and subcutaneous fat mass were measured at the same visits, and blood pressure was measured at the age of 24 months. Height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area were positively associated with all of the @entity299 during the first 2 years of life. At the age of 24 months, as compared with normal weight @entity1 , @entity28 @entity1 had a greater left ventricular mass (1.04 SD score [95% CI: 0.20 to 1.89]) and a higher fractional shortening (0.91 SD score [95% CI: 0.02 to 1.80]). Nonsignificant tendencies were found for left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, and aortic root diameter. Our results suggest that normal variation in growth affects @entity299 in early life. Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 show cardiac adaptations already at the age of 2 years. Further studies are needed to assess whether these structural adaptations influence the risk of @entity65 in later life.

title: Growth, @entity28 , and XXXX in early childhood: the Generation R Study.

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac structures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess and validate the clinical features predisposing to stent-graft migration and to calculate the distal displacement forces exerted at the proximal fixation site following endovascular @entity449 repair (EVAR). METHODS: Demographic, anatomical, and graft-related features from 2862 @entity1 were analyzed in a regression model to identify variables associated with stent-graft migration, which was defined as device movement >5 mm or considered significant by the investigator. Using the principles of continuity and momentum, a mathematical model of blood flow was created. The pulse pressure, proximal aortic and distal iliac diameters, and the degree of iliac angulation were varied in the calculations, and the distal displacement force exerted at the proximal fixation site was calculated. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 developed stent-graft migration, which was clinically relevant in 85 (3.0%). @entity101 (p=0.015), smoking (p=0.009), maximal aortic diameter (p=0.004), and distal transverse aortic diameter (p=0.03) correlated with migration in the univariate analysis, but iliac angulation did not quite achieve significance (p=0.06). On multivariate analysis, current smoking, @entity101 , distal transverse aortic diameter, maximum common iliac diameter, and increasing proximal graft size were significantly associated with stent-graft migration. The mathematical model calculated the distal displacement force exerted on the proximal fixation site of the stent-graft and validated the clinical findings. The ratio of graft-diameter change from proximal aorta to distal iliac influenced the greatest increase in the displacement force. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model validated @entity101 , @entity439 morphology, and endograft size as clinical factors significantly associated with stent-graft migration. These findings may have important implications for the choice and design of future stent-grafts.

title: Factors and forces influencing stent-graft migration after endovascular XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A boxed-warning in antidepressant labeling now informs prescribers of the potential for treatment-emergent suicidality to occur. Consequently, alternative "natural" antidepressant therapies widely viewed to be devoid of this risk, such as St. John's wort (SJW) and @entity7726 (SAM-e), may experience a resurgence in popularity and expansion of use beyond mild forms of @entity308 . The purpose of this article is to critically assess whether the clinical evidence supports the use of SJW and SAM-e as alternatives to conventional antidepressants in the treatment of @entity308 ( @entity308 ). In addition, this article evaluates whether the behavioral adverse event profiles of SJW and SAM-e suggest an increased risk for suicidality, like their conventional counterparts. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was performed (Jan 1975-July 2010) to identify all English language reports of placebo-controlled studies of SJW and SAM-e conducted for @entity146 indications. @entity308 studies were categorized as "positive" or "negative" based on statistical superiority to placebo on prospectively-defined, primary, clinician-rated efficacy parameters (e.g., change in Hamilton @entity308 scores [HAM-D] or Montgomery-Asberg @entity308 Rating Scale [MADRS] total). Treatment effect size (Cohen's d) was also calculated in each case to assess the clinical relevance of the findings. Behavioral-related adverse events were summarized by treatment. RESULTS: Ten of 14 (71%) SJW studies in mild-to-moderate @entity308 were positive. The mean and median effect sizes for HAM-D change in those studies were 0.64 and 0.48, respectively, indicative of a moderately-large treatment effect. In the few studies that included @entity1 with severe symptoms, however, or which evaluated long-term maintenance of effect, SJW did not differentiate from placebo. The majority of SAM-e studies in @entity308 were also positive (8/14, 57%); however, most were methodologically flawed to some extent. Based on the magnitude of the treatment-effect size in a number of positive studies, SJW appears to be useful for the short-term treatment of mild-to-moderate @entity308 in adults. Existing data do not support the use of SJW in more severely depressed individuals. The SAM-e clinical data also are strongly suggestive of antidepressant efficacy; however, until more rigorously generated data become available it is not possible to reach a more definitive conclusion. There are no long-term treatment data that convincingly demonstrate long-term maintenance of effect for either product. The reviewed studies did not reveal evidence of treatment-emergent suicidality, suggesting that this risk for either product is low. However, the studies examined were not prospectively designed to detect such events and therefore were likely unable to reliably assess this risk.

title: St. John's wort and XXXX as "natural" alternatives to conventional antidepressants in the era of the suicidality boxed warning: what is the evidence for clinically relevant benefit?

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['s-adenosyl methionine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'MDD', 'depressive illness', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity7726 :: (MESH:D012436,Chemical) :: ['S-adenosyl methionine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic elastic properties have been shown to be an important predictor of @entity65 and mortality. @entity1378 was shown to be an important cause of impaired aortic elastic properties both due to the direct effect of the thyroid hormones on the aorta and also due to modulating effects of thyroid hormones on the vascular renin angiotensin system. However, there is no study investigating the aortic elastic properties in Graves's @entity1 who were euthyroid. The goal of the present study was to investigate the aortic elastic properties of @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) who had been euthyroid for at least 3 months. @entity1 AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 47 @entity2743 @entity1 and 27 controls. @entity2333 , aortic strain, aortic distensibility, and @entity2333 indices were calculated from the diameter of the thoracic aorta as measured by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: The @entity2333 index was markedly increased (31    26 vs. 17    8.9; p = 0.015) and aortic strain was markedly reduced (20.3    10 % vs. 25.9    12 %; p = 0.046) in the @entity2743 group relative to the control group. Aortic distensibility was statistically significantly decreased in the @entity2743 group as compared to the control group (9.5    5.7 10(-3)/kPa vs. 13.5    7.1 10(-3)/kPa; p = 0.022). Weak correlations were detected between @entity2743 severity and aortic distensibility (r = -0.333, p = 0.011) as well as the @entity2333 index (r = 0.266, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Aortic elastic properties were impaired in @entity1 with @entity2743 . Therefore, @entity1 with @entity2743 , especially those with severe manifestations of the condition, should be followed closely with regard to the occurrence of future cardiovascular events.

title: Aortic elastic properties are impaired in XXXX with Graves' ophtalmopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['GO', "Graves' Ophtalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness', 'Aortic-diastolic and aortic-systolic diameters']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retrospectively our initial clinical experience of agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 in the treatment of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) in @entity1 with fresh inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity715 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between August 2004 and March 2009, a total of 12 @entity3181 @entity1 with fresh IVC @entity715 were treated with agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 . Color Doppler ultrasound results, as well as mortality, morbidity, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately after the treatment and at one week and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the procedure and then annually thereafter. RESULTS: Agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 were technically successful in all @entity1 , without immediate procedural complications. The inferior vena cavagrams after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the IVC thrombi without @entity1151 and full patency of the obstructed IVC. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Clinical success was observed in all @entity1 respectively one month after the procedure. As of February 2010, the mean (   SD) follow-up period for the color Doppler ultrasound procedure was 21.7    8.9 months (range, 12 - 32 months). All @entity1 showed complete patency of the treated IVC without @entity715 , @entity256 , or reobstruction, and all @entity1 are alive with resolution of the symptoms at the time of this report. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 may be a feasible approach for @entity1 with @entity3181 and fresh IVC @entity715 . However, larger studies are warranted to confirm these results.

title: @entity3181 with fresh @entity715 : agitation thrombolysis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retrospectively our initial clinical experience of agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 in the treatment of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) in @entity1 with fresh inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity715 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between August 2004 and March 2009, a total of 12 @entity3181 @entity1 with fresh IVC @entity715 were treated with agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 . Color Doppler ultrasound results, as well as mortality, morbidity, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately after the treatment and at one week and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the procedure and then annually thereafter. RESULTS: Agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 were technically successful in all @entity1 , without immediate procedural complications. The inferior vena cavagrams after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the IVC thrombi without @entity1151 and full patency of the obstructed IVC. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Clinical success was observed in all @entity1 respectively one month after the procedure. As of February 2010, the mean (   SD) follow-up period for the color Doppler ultrasound procedure was 21.7    8.9 months (range, 12 - 32 months). All @entity1 showed complete patency of the treated IVC without @entity715 , @entity256 , or reobstruction, and all @entity1 are alive with resolution of the symptoms at the time of this report. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 may be a feasible approach for @entity1 with @entity3181 and fresh IVC @entity715 . However, larger studies are warranted to confirm these results.

title: XXXX with fresh @entity715 : agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 .

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retrospectively our initial clinical experience of agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 in the treatment of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) in @entity1 with fresh inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity715 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between August 2004 and March 2009, a total of 12 @entity3181 @entity1 with fresh IVC @entity715 were treated with agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 . Color Doppler ultrasound results, as well as mortality, morbidity, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately after the treatment and at one week and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the procedure and then annually thereafter. RESULTS: Agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 were technically successful in all @entity1 , without immediate procedural complications. The inferior vena cavagrams after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the IVC thrombi without @entity1151 and full patency of the obstructed IVC. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Clinical success was observed in all @entity1 respectively one month after the procedure. As of February 2010, the mean (   SD) follow-up period for the color Doppler ultrasound procedure was 21.7    8.9 months (range, 12 - 32 months). All @entity1 showed complete patency of the treated IVC without @entity715 , @entity256 , or reobstruction, and all @entity1 are alive with resolution of the symptoms at the time of this report. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 may be a feasible approach for @entity1 with @entity3181 and fresh IVC @entity715 . However, larger studies are warranted to confirm these results.

title: @entity3181 with fresh XXXX : agitation thrombolysis and @entity384 .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['inferior vena cava thrombosis']


abstract: Mechanisms underlying the relationship between exercise and mood are not well understood. This study sought to investigate the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and autonomic balance in determining the impact of exercise withdrawal on negative mood. Healthy @entity1 and @entity1 who regularly exercised (N  =  26, mean age  =  25.5 years, SD  =  4.5 years) were randomised to exercise withdrawal or exercise maintenance for 2 weeks. Protocol adherence was monitored using accelerometers. Inflammatory markers from plasma ( @entity650 , @entity650 ; @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha; @entity688 ; and @entity1193 ), heart-rate variability (HRV) and measures of mood (General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS)) were assessed at study entry and at 2-week follow-up. Exercise withdrawal resulted in significant increases in negative mood over time on both the GHQ (p  =  0.028) and the POMS (p  =  0.005). Following the intervention, @entity650 concentration was lower in the exercise withdrawal than exercise maintenance condition (p  =  0.05). No intervention effects were observed for other cytokines or HRV. The mood changes were significantly related to changes in @entity650 concentration (b  =  -  0.50, p  =  0.011), indicating that reduction in @entity650 was related to increased negative mood. Our results are consistent with positive effects of exercise on mental health, but further research on inflammatory pathways is warranted.

title: The effects of exercise withdrawal on mood and inflammatory cytokine responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 receptor antagonist']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Case reports and short-term clinical trials have suggested that treatment for @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) may lead to improvement of @entity82 . The aim of the present study was to measure liver @entity2693 in @entity1 diagnosed with advanced @entity82 or @entity82 prior to prolonged treatment with @entity2353 or @entity377 analogs (NUCs) for @entity6194 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity6194 and advanced @entity82 or @entity82 prior to treatment with NUCs for at least 1 year were offered inclusion in the study. We measured liver @entity2693 using transient elastography (TE) at follow-up. TE cut-off levels to Metavir classification for @entity82 stage F2, F3 and F4 were >= 7.2 kPa, >= 8.1, and >= 11.0 kPa, respectively. RESULTS: Among 66 @entity1 with a successful TE examination at follow-up, 53 @entity1 (80%) had @entity82 and 13 had (20%) advanced @entity82 (F3) prior to treatment. Median treatment duration was 50.5 months. Among @entity1 with @entity82 prior to treatment, 26 (49%) had liver @entity2693 below 11.0 kPa at follow-up, suggesting regression of @entity82 . Among @entity1 with advanced @entity82 (F3) prior to treatment, 10 (77%) had liver @entity2693 below 8.1 kPa after treatment, suggesting improvement of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Transient elastography examinations demonstrate that prolonged treatment with NUCs in @entity1 with @entity6194 results in low liver @entity2693 , suggesting regression of @entity82 in a majority of @entity1 with advanced @entity82 or @entity82 .

title: Low liver @entity2693 among cirrhotic @entity1 with hepatitis B after prolonged treatment with XXXX analogs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Case reports and short-term clinical trials have suggested that treatment for @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) may lead to improvement of @entity82 . The aim of the present study was to measure liver @entity2693 in @entity1 diagnosed with advanced @entity82 or @entity82 prior to prolonged treatment with @entity2353 or @entity377 analogs (NUCs) for @entity6194 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity6194 and advanced @entity82 or @entity82 prior to treatment with NUCs for at least 1 year were offered inclusion in the study. We measured liver @entity2693 using transient elastography (TE) at follow-up. TE cut-off levels to Metavir classification for @entity82 stage F2, F3 and F4 were >= 7.2 kPa, >= 8.1, and >= 11.0 kPa, respectively. RESULTS: Among 66 @entity1 with a successful TE examination at follow-up, 53 @entity1 (80%) had @entity82 and 13 had (20%) advanced @entity82 (F3) prior to treatment. Median treatment duration was 50.5 months. Among @entity1 with @entity82 prior to treatment, 26 (49%) had liver @entity2693 below 11.0 kPa at follow-up, suggesting regression of @entity82 . Among @entity1 with advanced @entity82 (F3) prior to treatment, 10 (77%) had liver @entity2693 below 8.1 kPa after treatment, suggesting improvement of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Transient elastography examinations demonstrate that prolonged treatment with NUCs in @entity1 with @entity6194 results in low liver @entity2693 , suggesting regression of @entity82 in a majority of @entity1 with advanced @entity82 or @entity82 .

title: Low liver XXXX among cirrhotic @entity1 with hepatitis B after prolonged treatment with @entity2353 analogs.

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Case reports and short-term clinical trials have suggested that treatment for @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) may lead to improvement of @entity82 . The aim of the present study was to measure liver @entity2693 in @entity1 diagnosed with advanced @entity82 or @entity82 prior to prolonged treatment with @entity2353 or @entity377 analogs (NUCs) for @entity6194 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity6194 and advanced @entity82 or @entity82 prior to treatment with NUCs for at least 1 year were offered inclusion in the study. We measured liver @entity2693 using transient elastography (TE) at follow-up. TE cut-off levels to Metavir classification for @entity82 stage F2, F3 and F4 were >= 7.2 kPa, >= 8.1, and >= 11.0 kPa, respectively. RESULTS: Among 66 @entity1 with a successful TE examination at follow-up, 53 @entity1 (80%) had @entity82 and 13 had (20%) advanced @entity82 (F3) prior to treatment. Median treatment duration was 50.5 months. Among @entity1 with @entity82 prior to treatment, 26 (49%) had liver @entity2693 below 11.0 kPa at follow-up, suggesting regression of @entity82 . Among @entity1 with advanced @entity82 (F3) prior to treatment, 10 (77%) had liver @entity2693 below 8.1 kPa after treatment, suggesting improvement of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Transient elastography examinations demonstrate that prolonged treatment with NUCs in @entity1 with @entity6194 results in low liver @entity2693 , suggesting regression of @entity82 in a majority of @entity1 with advanced @entity82 or @entity82 .

title: Low liver @entity2693 among cirrhotic XXXX with hepatitis B after prolonged treatment with @entity2353 analogs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Patterns of somatic mutation in IgE genes from allergic individuals have been a focus of study for many years, but IgE sequences have never been reported from parasitized individuals. To study the role of antigen selection in the evolution of the anti-parasite response, we therefore generated 118 IgE sequences from donors living in Papua New Guinea (PNG), an area of endemic @entity4801 . For comparison, we also generated IgG1, IgG2, @entity3172 and IgG4 sequences from these donors, as well as IgG1 sequences from Australian donors. IgE sequences had, on average, 23.0 mutations. PNG IgG sequences had average mutation levels that varied from 17.7 ( @entity3172 ) to 27.1 (IgG4). Mean mutation levels correlated significantly with the position of their genes in the constant region gene locus ( @entity3172 < IgG1 < IgG2 < IgG4). Interestingly, given the heavy, life-long antigen burden experienced by PNG villagers, average mutation levels in IgG sequences were little different to that seen in Australian IgG1 sequences (19.2). Patterns of mutation provide clear evidence of antigen selection in many IgG sequences. The percentage of IgG sequences that showed significant accumulations of replacement mutations in the complementarity determining regions ranged from 22% of @entity3172 sequences to 39% of IgG2 sequences. By contrast, only 12% of IgE sequences had such evidence of antigen selection, and this was significantly less than in PNG IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 subclass sequences (P < 0.01). The anti-parasite IgE response therefore has the reduced evidence of antigen selection that has previously been reported in studies of IgE sequences from allergic individuals.

title: IgE sequences in individuals living in an area of endemic XXXX show little mutational evidence of antigen selection.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity4801 :: (MESH:D010272,Disease) :: ['parasitism']


abstract: AIM: To assess the cognitive function and language ability in @entity1 with benign partial @entity302 with centrotemporal spikes. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with benign partial @entity302 with centrotemporal spikes were included. They were divided into two subgroups. Group I: 10 @entity1 with rolandic focus who were not treated. Group II: 15 @entity1 with rolandic focus receiving treatment. A third Group of 12 healthy subjects have been studied. All @entity1 underwent standardized neuropsychological testing: electroencephalogram recording, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 -revised, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III) and Boston Naming Test (BNT), both during active disease (T1) and 2 years after recovery from @entity302 (T2). RESULTS: At T1 evaluation, no significant differences in group I and II @entity1 about general intelligence, when compared with controls, were found. Group I and II @entity1 were impaired with respect to controls in the receptive and expressive vocabulary evaluated with PCVT-III and BNT, respectively. At T2 evaluation, group I and II @entity1 showed a normalization of the @entity3180 . CONCLUSION: Deficits of speech-related abilities can be detected in @entity1 with this type of @entity302 : these dysfunctions seem to be independent of the effects of antiepileptic treatment and are reversible after remission of @entity302 .

title: Cognitive and linguistic abnormalities in benign childhood XXXX with centrotemporal spikes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language abnormalities']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The proximal promoter sequences contain basic motifs for the expression of the downstream genes. We present genome-scale computational analyses of the 120-bp immediate upstream sequences to the +1 transcription start sites (TSSs) of 10,117 @entity1 protein-coding genes, and unravel exceptional genes in respect with the core promoter @entity377 composition. Our data reveal that while in 99% of the genes the absolute @entity10043 / @entity7391 ratio ranges between 0.2 and 2.5, certain genes show exceptional skew in this balance (e.g. ratios of 82.3 in @entity72681 , 61.5 in @entity32391 , and 24.0 in @entity72682 ), and consist of islands of @entity3042 or @entity6245 . Furthermore, while over 95% of the genes lack more than one short tandem repeat (STR) in their core promoters, certain gene promoters are exceptionally rich in multiple STRs (e.g. eight consecutive STRs in @entity72683 , and six STRs in @entity7336 ). We found sequence bias for the majority of those promoters across species, supporting functional roles for them in gene expression. Genes downstream to those promoters were also found to be of ontologic importance (i.e. we were able to track the majority of those genes to the lower species such as @entity375 and @entity2199 ). The exceptional promoters presented in this study lack the conventional motifs for the TATA, and TATA-less promoters, hence offering novel mechanisms for gene expression. They may also provide potential mechanisms for inter-individual variations in gene expression, and @entity74 .

title: Exceptional @entity1 core promoter XXXX compositions.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex traits/disorders']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The proximal promoter sequences contain basic motifs for the expression of the downstream genes. We present genome-scale computational analyses of the 120-bp immediate upstream sequences to the +1 transcription start sites (TSSs) of 10,117 @entity1 protein-coding genes, and unravel exceptional genes in respect with the core promoter @entity377 composition. Our data reveal that while in 99% of the genes the absolute @entity10043 / @entity7391 ratio ranges between 0.2 and 2.5, certain genes show exceptional skew in this balance (e.g. ratios of 82.3 in @entity72681 , 61.5 in @entity32391 , and 24.0 in @entity72682 ), and consist of islands of @entity3042 or @entity6245 . Furthermore, while over 95% of the genes lack more than one short tandem repeat (STR) in their core promoters, certain gene promoters are exceptionally rich in multiple STRs (e.g. eight consecutive STRs in @entity72683 , and six STRs in @entity7336 ). We found sequence bias for the majority of those promoters across species, supporting functional roles for them in gene expression. Genes downstream to those promoters were also found to be of ontologic importance (i.e. we were able to track the majority of those genes to the lower species such as @entity375 and @entity2199 ). The exceptional promoters presented in this study lack the conventional motifs for the TATA, and TATA-less promoters, hence offering novel mechanisms for gene expression. They may also provide potential mechanisms for inter-individual variations in gene expression, and @entity74 .

title: Exceptional XXXX core promoter @entity377 compositions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To describe long-term clinical and imaging results focusing on the uninstrumented lumbar spine after posterior spinal fusion for @entity1615 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although previous studies found rates of @entity1643 after long fusion for @entity1615 which are comparable to rates found in the general population, many surgeons believe that the long lever arm associated with the fusion mass will result in increased stress at uninstrumented caudal intervertebral discs and accelerated degenerative changes. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart and imaging review of @entity1615 @entity1 treated with posterior fusion and segmental instrumentation. @entity1 completed follow-up examination, outcome questionnaires, radiographs, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR images were scored for evidence of @entity528 of lumbar discs below the level of the fusion. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 participated in the study, providing 90 discs below fusions for evaluation. The average follow-up was 11.8 years. The distal level of fixation was at L1 on average. The major curve averaged 55      11   before surgery and was corrected to 25      10   at follow-up. Follow-up MR imaging demonstrated new disc pathology in 85% of @entity1 enrolled. Only one @entity1 demonstrated significant @entity179 at the junctional level, whereas most pathology was seen at the L5-S1 disc. The average Pfirrmann grade at uninstrumented levels deteriorated from 1.1 before surgery to 1.8 at follow-up. The greatest degree of @entity528 was seen at the L5-S1 disc space where average degenerative scores increased from 1.2 before surgery to 2.3 after surgery. Three @entity1 with severe @entity66 were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for @entity158 , but no narcotics. Only mild @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ) and Oswestry changes were noted in this severe @entity528 group. CONCLUSION: Despite demonstrating an accelerated rate of L5-S1 @entity1797 , our study group has good functional scores and maintenance of correction over 10 years postfusion. In this long-term MR imaging follow-up study, @entity1797 was found remote to the lowest instrumented @entity5788 .

title: Long-term magnetic resonance imaging follow-up demonstrates minimal transitional level lumbar @entity1797 after posterior spine fusion for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disc disease']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis research society', 'SRS']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To describe long-term clinical and imaging results focusing on the uninstrumented lumbar spine after posterior spinal fusion for @entity1615 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although previous studies found rates of @entity1643 after long fusion for @entity1615 which are comparable to rates found in the general population, many surgeons believe that the long lever arm associated with the fusion mass will result in increased stress at uninstrumented caudal intervertebral discs and accelerated degenerative changes. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart and imaging review of @entity1615 @entity1 treated with posterior fusion and segmental instrumentation. @entity1 completed follow-up examination, outcome questionnaires, radiographs, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR images were scored for evidence of @entity528 of lumbar discs below the level of the fusion. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 participated in the study, providing 90 discs below fusions for evaluation. The average follow-up was 11.8 years. The distal level of fixation was at L1 on average. The major curve averaged 55      11   before surgery and was corrected to 25      10   at follow-up. Follow-up MR imaging demonstrated new disc pathology in 85% of @entity1 enrolled. Only one @entity1 demonstrated significant @entity179 at the junctional level, whereas most pathology was seen at the L5-S1 disc. The average Pfirrmann grade at uninstrumented levels deteriorated from 1.1 before surgery to 1.8 at follow-up. The greatest degree of @entity528 was seen at the L5-S1 disc space where average degenerative scores increased from 1.2 before surgery to 2.3 after surgery. Three @entity1 with severe @entity66 were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for @entity158 , but no narcotics. Only mild @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ) and Oswestry changes were noted in this severe @entity528 group. CONCLUSION: Despite demonstrating an accelerated rate of L5-S1 @entity1797 , our study group has good functional scores and maintenance of correction over 10 years postfusion. In this long-term MR imaging follow-up study, @entity1797 was found remote to the lowest instrumented @entity5788 .

title: Long-term magnetic resonance imaging follow-up demonstrates minimal transitional level lumbar XXXX after posterior spine fusion for @entity1615 .

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential prognostic value of several commonly investigated immunohistochemical markers in resected @entity788 is variably reported. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature evaluating @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity1594 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) expression as prognostic factors in resected @entity788 and to conduct a subsequent meta-analysis to quantify the overall prognostic effect. METHODS: Relevant literature was identified using Medline, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science. The primary end point was overall survival assessed on univariate analysis. Only studies analysing resected @entity788 were eligible for inclusion and the summary log(e) hazard ratio (logHR) and variance were pooled using an inverse variance approach. Evidence of heterogeneity was evaluated using the   (2) test for heterogeneity and its impact on the meta-analysis was assessed by the I(2) statisic. Hazard ratios greater than one reflect adverse survival associated with positive immunostaining. RESULTS: @entity7 emerged as the most potentially informative prognostic marker (11 eligible studies, n=767, HR=1.51 (95% confidence interval, CI=1.18-1.92)) with no evidence of any significant publication bias (Egger's test, P=0.269). @entity588 (5 eligible studies, n=314, HR=0.51 (95% CI=0.38-0.68)), @entity589 (5 studies, n=274, HR=0.63 (95% CI=0.48-0.83)) and @entity986 (3 studies, n=229, HR=0.63 (95% CI=0.43-0.92)) also returned significant overall survival differences, but in smaller @entity1 series due to a lack of evaluable literature. Neither @entity876 (17 studies, n=925, HR=1.22 (95% CI=0.96-1.56)), @entity1594 (5 studies, n=540, HR=0.88 (95% CI=0.61-1.27)) nor @entity470 (4 studies, n=250, HR=1.35 (95% CI=0.80-2.27)) was found to represent significant prognostic factors when analysing the pooled @entity1 data. There was evidence of significant heterogeneity in four of the seven study groups. CONCLUSION: These results support the case for immunohistochemical expression of @entity7 representing a significant and reproducible marker of adverse prognosis in resected @entity788 .

title: Meta-analysis of immunohistochemical prognostic markers in resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor', 'vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a probiotic milk drink consumed over a period of 28 days, regarding the expression of clinical inflammatory parameters of the oral gingiva during various phases of plaque-induced @entity2522 . METHODS: Twenty-eight adults with healthy gingiva took part in a prospective and clinical-controlled study. The test group was advised to consume a probiotic milk drink (Yacult) daily during a period of 4 weeks; the control group did not receive any probiotic food or drink. After 2 weeks of consumption of the probiotic drink, @entity1 were advised not to brush their teeth for 14 days. Subsequently, at baseline as well as on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, the following clinical parameters were assessed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and @entity548 on probing (BOP). RESULTS: At baseline, the PI was significantly higher in the test group compared with controls (0.44  0.50 vs 0.09  0.24 PI; P=0.0001). The termination of oral hygiene increased clinical inflammatory parameters in both groups. At day 14, the parameters PI, GI, GCF volume and BOP were significantly higher compared with baseline values (P=0.0001). At day 14, BOP levels (18.75  12.32 vs 36.88  12.54%) and GCF volume (18.78  16.7 vs 35.72  16.1 Periotron units) were significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that a daily consumption of a probiotic milk drink reduces the effects of plaque-induced @entity32 associated with a higher plaque score due to the high- @entity1735 content of the probiotic milk beverage.

title: Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a probiotic milk drink consumed over a period of 28 days, regarding the expression of clinical inflammatory parameters of the oral gingiva during various phases of plaque-induced @entity2522 . METHODS: Twenty-eight adults with healthy gingiva took part in a prospective and clinical-controlled study. The test group was advised to consume a probiotic milk drink (Yacult) daily during a period of 4 weeks; the control group did not receive any probiotic food or drink. After 2 weeks of consumption of the probiotic drink, @entity1 were advised not to brush their teeth for 14 days. Subsequently, at baseline as well as on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, the following clinical parameters were assessed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and @entity548 on probing (BOP). RESULTS: At baseline, the PI was significantly higher in the test group compared with controls (0.44  0.50 vs 0.09  0.24 PI; P=0.0001). The termination of oral hygiene increased clinical inflammatory parameters in both groups. At day 14, the parameters PI, GI, GCF volume and BOP were significantly higher compared with baseline values (P=0.0001). At day 14, BOP levels (18.75  12.32 vs 36.88  12.54%) and GCF volume (18.78  16.7 vs 35.72  16.1 Periotron units) were significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that a daily consumption of a probiotic milk drink reduces the effects of plaque-induced @entity32 associated with a higher plaque score due to the high- @entity1735 content of the probiotic milk beverage.

title: Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental @entity2522 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic transmission of @entity1 @entity1579 can occur through medical or surgical procedures, including injection of hormones such as gonadotropins extracted from cadaver pituitaries. Annually, more than 300,000 @entity1 in the United States and Canada are prescribed urine-derived gonadotropins for @entity249 . Although menopausal urine donors are screened for symptomatic @entity16 , incubation of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) is impossible to exclude by non-invasive testing. Risk of carrier status of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ), a disease associated with decades-long peripheral incubation, is estimated to be on the order of 100 per million population in the United Kingdom. Studies showing infectious prions in the urine of experimental animals with and without @entity8 suggest that prions could be present in asymptomatic urine donors. Several @entity1 fertility products are derived from donated urine; recently @entity3669 has been detected in preparations of @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a classical proteomic approach, 33 and 34 non-gonadotropin proteins were identified in urinary @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (u-hCG) and highly-purified urinary @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG-HP) products, respectively. @entity3669 was identified as a major contaminant in u-hCG preparations for the first time. An advanced @entity3669 targeted proteomic approach was subsequently used to conduct a survey of gonadotropin products; this approach detected @entity1 @entity3669 peptides in urine-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG and hMG-HP, but not in recombinant products. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of protease-sensitive @entity3669 in urinary-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG, and hMG-HP suggests that prions may co-purify in these products. Intramuscular injection is a relatively efficient route of transmission of @entity1 @entity1579 , and young @entity1 exposed to prions can be expected to survive an incubation period associated with a minimal inoculum. The risks of urine-derived fertility products could now outweigh their benefits, particularly considering the availability of recombinant products.

title: Detection of XXXX in urine-derived injectable fertility products by a targeted proteomic approach.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD', 'vCJD', 'variant CJD']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease']

entities_list: @entity3669 :: ('5621', 'Gene') :: ['prion protein', 'Prion protein']

answer: @entity3669 :: (5621,Gene) :: ['prion protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health suggests America's bone-health is in jeopardy and issued a "call to action" to develop bone-health plans incorporating components of (1) improved nutrition, (2) increased health literacy, and (3) increased physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) study comparing changes in bone mineral density in healthy @entity1 over-40 with above-average compliance when following one of three bone health Plans incorporating the SG's three components. METHODS: Using an open-label sequential design, 414 females over 40 years of age were tested, 176 of whom agreed to participate and follow one of three different bone-health programs. One Plan contained a bone-health supplement with 1,000 IUs of vitamin D(3 )and 750 mg of a plant-sourced form of @entity460 for one year. The other two Plans contained the same plant form of @entity460 , but with differing amounts of @entity3875 and other added bone health ingredients along with components designed to increase physical activity and health literacy. Each group completed the same baseline and ending DXA bone density scans, 43-chemistry blood test panels, and 84-item Quality of Life Inventory (QOL). Changes for all subjects were annualized as percent change in @entity1555 from baseline. Using self-reports of adherence, subjects were rank-ordered and dichotomized as "compliant" or "partially compliant" based on the median rating. Comparisons were also made between the treatment groups and two theoretical age-adjusted expected groups: a non-intervention group and a group derived from a review of previously published studies on non-plant sources of @entity460 . RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline @entity1555 between those who volunteered versus those who did not and between those who completed per protocol (PP) and those who were lost to @entity6661 . Among subjects completing per protocol, there were no significant differences between the three groups on baseline measurements of @entity1555 , weight, age, body fat and fat-free mass suggesting that the treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. In all three treatment groups subjects with above average compliance had significantly greater increases in @entity1555 as compared to the two expected-change reference groups. The group following the most nutritionally comprehensive Plan outperformed the other two groups. For all three groups, there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and ending blood chemistry tests or the QOL self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in @entity1555 found in all three treatment groups in this CER stand in marked contrast to previous studies reporting that interventions with @entity460 and @entity3875 reduce age-related losses of @entity1555 , but do not increase @entity1555 . Increased compliance resulted in increased @entity1555 levels. No adverse effects were found in the blood chemistry tests, self-reported quality of life and daily tracking reports. The Plans tested suggest a significant improvement over the traditional @entity460 and @entity3875 standard of care.

title: A comparative effectiveness study of bone density changes in @entity1 over 40 following three bone health plans containing variations of the same novel plant-sourced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health suggests America's bone-health is in jeopardy and issued a "call to action" to develop bone-health plans incorporating components of (1) improved nutrition, (2) increased health literacy, and (3) increased physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) study comparing changes in bone mineral density in healthy @entity1 over-40 with above-average compliance when following one of three bone health Plans incorporating the SG's three components. METHODS: Using an open-label sequential design, 414 females over 40 years of age were tested, 176 of whom agreed to participate and follow one of three different bone-health programs. One Plan contained a bone-health supplement with 1,000 IUs of vitamin D(3 )and 750 mg of a plant-sourced form of @entity460 for one year. The other two Plans contained the same plant form of @entity460 , but with differing amounts of @entity3875 and other added bone health ingredients along with components designed to increase physical activity and health literacy. Each group completed the same baseline and ending DXA bone density scans, 43-chemistry blood test panels, and 84-item Quality of Life Inventory (QOL). Changes for all subjects were annualized as percent change in @entity1555 from baseline. Using self-reports of adherence, subjects were rank-ordered and dichotomized as "compliant" or "partially compliant" based on the median rating. Comparisons were also made between the treatment groups and two theoretical age-adjusted expected groups: a non-intervention group and a group derived from a review of previously published studies on non-plant sources of @entity460 . RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline @entity1555 between those who volunteered versus those who did not and between those who completed per protocol (PP) and those who were lost to @entity6661 . Among subjects completing per protocol, there were no significant differences between the three groups on baseline measurements of @entity1555 , weight, age, body fat and fat-free mass suggesting that the treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. In all three treatment groups subjects with above average compliance had significantly greater increases in @entity1555 as compared to the two expected-change reference groups. The group following the most nutritionally comprehensive Plan outperformed the other two groups. For all three groups, there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and ending blood chemistry tests or the QOL self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in @entity1555 found in all three treatment groups in this CER stand in marked contrast to previous studies reporting that interventions with @entity460 and @entity3875 reduce age-related losses of @entity1555 , but do not increase @entity1555 . Increased compliance resulted in increased @entity1555 levels. No adverse effects were found in the blood chemistry tests, self-reported quality of life and daily tracking reports. The Plans tested suggest a significant improvement over the traditional @entity460 and @entity3875 standard of care.

title: A comparative effectiveness study of bone density changes in XXXX over 40 following three bone health plans containing variations of the same novel plant-sourced @entity460 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the difference in diagnostic performance of hydro-stomach computed tomography (CT) to detect early @entity356 (EGC) between blinded and unblinded analysis and to assess independent factors affecting visibility of @entity5 foci. METHODS: Two radiologists initially blinded and then unblinded to gastroscopic and surgical-histological findings independently reviewed hydro-stomach CT images of 110 @entity1 with single EGC. They graded the visibility of @entity5 foci for each of three @entity356 (upper, middle and lower thirds) using a 4-point scale (1: definitely absent, 2: probably absent, 3: probably present, and 4: definitely present). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting an EGC were calculated. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were analyzed. The visibility of an EGC was evaluated with regard to @entity5 size, invasion depth, @entity356 , histological type and gross morphology using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The respective sensitivities and specificities [reviewer 1: blinded, 20% (22/110) and 98% (215/220); unblinded, 27% (30/110) and 100% (219/220)/reviewer 2: blinded, 19% (21/110) and 98% (216/220); unblinded, 25% (27/110) and 98% (215/220)] were not significantly different. Although intraobserver agreements were good (weighted k = 0.677 and 0.666), interobserver agreements were fair (blinded, 0.371) or moderate (unblinded, 0.558). For both univariate and multivariate analyses, the @entity5 size and invasion depth were statistically significant factors affecting visibility. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of hydro-stomach CT to detect an EGC was not significantly different between blinded and unblinded analysis. The @entity5 size and invasion depth were independent factors for visibility.

title: Detection of early XXXX using hydro-stomach CT: blinded vs unblinded analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric segments', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence and morbidity, @entity392 remains an obscure symptom. We assessed the efficacy of low-level laser for treatment of @entity392 . METHODS: It was a self controlled clinical trial study on 61 outpatients with subjective @entity392 . The @entity1 were irradiated with a 650-nm, 5-mW soft laser for twenty days and twenty minutes per day. The sensation of @entity392 was measured on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and two weeks after treatment and they were compared by means of Wilcoxon signed ranktest. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (62.3%) @entity1 were @entity1 and twenty-three (37.7%) were @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 (31.8%) worked in noisy environment. The VAS mean difference before and after the treatment was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The best treatment effect was in the youngest group and there were significant differences between this group and the middle age and older groups (p = 0.018 and 0.001, respectively). The mean VAS score reduction was not statistically significant between male and female @entity1 (p = 0.23). Also, the treatment outcome according to the noise level in @entity1 's workplaces was not significantly different in @entity1 (p = 0.693), but it was significant in @entity1 (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Transmeatal low-level laser irradiation is effective for the treatment of @entity392 and some variables like age and job can affect the treatment outcome.

title: Low-level laser for treatment of XXXX : a self-controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'tinnitus still']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: @entity375 lactis strain Y-123, a constitutive high producer of beta-glucosidase (B(h)), was grown in an enriched medium. beta-Glucosidase, extracted most easily by cell autolysis, was purified by successive @entity1329 precipitation, @entity1068 precipitation, gel filtration, @entity78 gel adsorption-elution, and @entity692 column chromatography. The specific activity of the enzyme increased 200-fold during the purification. The electrophoretic and catalytic properties of the enzyme did not change during the procedure. @entity2975 gel disc electrophoresis of the partially purified enzyme revealed one major and several minor protein-staining bands. beta-Glucosidase activity in the @entity2975 gel columns was measured directly by assaying sections of columns frozen and sliced immediately after electrophoresis. Most of the activity coincided with the major protein-staining band. Prolonged assay produced minor activity coinciding with the less intense protein bands. Properties of the enzyme suggest that it is a single, unconjugated, intracellular, high molecular weight protein. The purification procedure is applicable to strains of @entity7878 which possess alleles of the B locus for beta-glucosidase synthesis.

title: Purification of beta-glucosidase from XXXX lactis strain Y-123.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence of @entity1412 following surgical intervention is very common. Antifungal therapy has been an appealing alternative to reduce its recurrence and severity. Early studies showed definite positive response, but recent studies have raised doubts about its efficacy in treatment of @entity1412 . METHODS: This prospective case-control clinical trial was conducted on 50 @entity1 suffering from @entity1412 in Isfahan University of medical sciences. All @entity1 underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. CT scanning of paranasal sinuses was done preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively to stage the disease. @entity1 were assigned to two groups: @entity11793 group were instructed to irrigate the nasal cavity with a solution of @entity11793 , while the normal saline group used the physiologic normal saline for 6 months. RESULTS: 68% of @entity1 in Normal saline and 84% of cases in @entity11793 group reported history of @entity566 . In @entity11793 group, stage of the disease improved in 84% of @entity1 and remained unchanged in the rest. In normal saline group, imaging stage improved in 22 @entity1 and remained unchanged in 3. The two cohorts were compared for reduction in imaging stage and no significant difference was found between them. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no benefits for topical @entity2379 solution over normal saline. It might be better to retreat to the traditional normal saline nasal douching following functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of @entity1412 .

title: Does XXXX nasal douching help prevent polyp recurrence following functional endoscopic sinus surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity11793 :: ('CHEBI:2682', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericine B']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: AIM: To investigate predilection sites of recurrence of @entity788 by computed tomography (CT) in follow-up after surgery. METHODS: Seventy seven @entity1 with recurrence after @entity788 surgery were retrospectively identified. The operative technique, R-status, T-stage and development of @entity5 markers were evaluated. Two radiologists analyzed CT scans with consensus readings. Location of local recurrence, lymph node recurrence and organ metastases were noted. Surgery and progression of findings on follow-up CT were considered as reference standard. RESULTS: The mean follow-up interval was 3.9    1.8 mo, with a mean relapse-free interval of 12.9    10.4 mo. The predominant site of recurrence was local (65%), followed by lymph node (17%), liver @entity3 (11%) and peritoneal carcinosis (7%). Local recurrence emerged at the superior mesenteric artery (n = 28), the hepatic artery (n = 8), in an area defined by the surrounding vessels: celiac trunk, portal vein, inferior vena cava (n = 22), and in a space limited by the mesenteric artery, portal vein and inferior vena cava (n = 17). Lymph node recurrence occurred in the mesenteric root and left lateral to the aorta. Recurrence was confirmed by surgery (n = 22) and follow-up CT (n = 55). Tumor markers [ @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), @entity787 ( @entity787 )] increased in accordance with signs of recurrence in most cases (86% CA19-9; 79.2% @entity787 ). CONCLUSION: Specific changes of local and lymph node recurrence can be found in the course of the cardinal peripancreatic vessels. The superior mesenteric artery is the leading structure for recurrence.

title: CT diagnosis of recurrence after XXXX : is there a pattern?

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the effectiveness of brace-only treatment, physical therapy, and the combination of these for @entity1 with @entity2633 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized over 3 groups: brace-only treatment, physical therapy, and the combination of these. Main outcome measures were success rate, severity of complaints, @entity158 , disability, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Follow-up was 1 year. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 were randomized. Physical therapy was superior to brace only at 6 weeks for @entity158 , disability, and satisfaction. Contrarily, brace-only treatment was superior on ability of daily activities. Combination treatment was superior to brace on severity of complaints, disability, and satisfaction. At 26 weeks and 52 weeks, no significant differences were identified. CONCLUSION: Conflicting results were found. Brace treatment might be useful as initial therapy. Combination therapy has no additional advantage compared to physical therapy but is superior to brace only for the short term.

title: Conservative treatment of XXXX : brace versus physical therapy or a combination of both-a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['tennis elbow']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little has been published on gratification disorder ("infantile masturbation") in early childhood. AIMS: To expand on the profile of @entity1 diagnosed with this condition. METHODS: Retrospective case note review; Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit paediatric neurology outpatient department 1972-2002. RESULTS: Thirty one @entity1 were diagnosed (11 males and 20 females). Twenty one were referred for evaluation of possible @entity302 or @entity302 . The median age at first symptoms was 10.5 months (range 3 months to 5 years 5 months). The median age at diagnosis was 24.5 months (range 5 months to 8 years). The median frequency of events was seven times per week, and the median length 2.5 minutes. Events occurred in any situation in 10 @entity1 , and in a car seat in 11. Types of behaviour manifested were @entity3520 posturing in 19, grunting in 10, rocking in 9, eidetic imagery in 7, and sweating in 6. Two @entity1 had been previously diagnosed as having definite @entity302 . In nine cases home video was invaluable in allowing confident diagnosis. CONCLUSION: @entity74 , otherwise called infantile masturbation, is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of @entity302 and other paroxysmal events in early childhood. Home video recording of events often prevents unnecessary investigations and treatments.

title: XXXX ("infantile masturbation"): a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Gratification disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Gratification disorder']


abstract: AIM: To determine the immunohistochemical characteristics of putative corneal epithelial stem cells remaining on limbal explants maintained in culture. METHODS: @entity1 limbal explant cultures were generated from 25 residual corneoscleral donor rims following penetrating keratoplasty. Serial sections of these explants were studied using immunohistochemical techniques with a panel of antibodies, on day 0 and 1, 2, and 3 weeks. RESULTS: The number of epithelial cells expressing @entity4166 and @entity2277 increased with duration in culture, while the number of cells expressing @entity16914 decreased. @entity495 expression was lost by 1 week in culture. @entity4206 was expressed by cells that had migrated around the explant and the number of @entity4206 positive cells decreased with longer duration in culture. The explants were initially negative for Ki67, but the epithelial cells were positive at 1 week, and expression of Ki67 was progressively lost with increasing duration in culture. The initial uniform staining of the epithelium for @entity470 and alpha enolase remained unchanged at 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: There is an expansion of less differentiated ( @entity16914 negative and @entity4166 / @entity2277 positive) epithelial cells on corneoscleral explants maintained in culture for 3 weeks. The pattern of expression of @entity4206 noted in this study does not support the suggestion that it is a marker of limbal stem cells. The decline in @entity4206 and Ki67 expression among the epithelial cells of the cultured explant button implies that as the epithelial sheet outgrowing from the explant button reaches confluence, the proliferative status of the cells remaining on the explant button declines. These findings are of clinical relevance as explants of limbal tissue are used in limbal stem cell transplantation. There is no information available to date on the fate of epithelial cells on such explants. This study provides some insight into this and suggests that an expansion of the stem cell pool or its progeny may occur in limbal explants.

title: Epithelial cell characteristics of cultured XXXX limbal explants.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on previous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, we have developed an EEG-controlled closed-loop system for the i.v. hypnotic agent @entity1875 in @entity35 . METHODS: Seven adult male @entity35 (weight 423-584 g) were included in the study. EEG was recorded with occipito-occipital needle electrodes and the EEG power spectrum was estimated. The @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) was extracted from the power spectrum and was modified @entity2198 (mMEF) to account for the occurrence of spikes and burst suppression patterns in the EEG. @entity1875 infusion was controlled by a model-based adaptive control algorithm to maintain a set point of mMEF=3.0 (sd 0.5) Hz. The performance of the feedback system was characterized by the median performance error MDPE=median[(mMEF-set point)/set point] and the median absolute performance error (MDAPE). The effective therapeutic infusion (ETI) to maintain the set point was determined from the resulting infusion rates. RESULTS: In all @entity35 a feedback period of 90 min could be performed. Mean MDPE was 1.2 (se 0.4)% and MDAPE was 13.9 (0.3)%. The ETI was 0.73 (sd 0.20) mg kg(-1) min(-1). Mean arterial pressure before @entity1875 infusion was 148 (14) mm Hg, with the lowest value during closed-loop infusion being 110 (20) mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: The feedback system presented here may be a useful tool not only for automatic drug control to maintain a defined hypnotic effect but may also be a powerful device in pharmacological studies such as the determination of dose requirements or the assessment of drug-drug interactions.

title: EEG-controlled closed-loop dosing of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['MEF', 'median frequency']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on previous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, we have developed an EEG-controlled closed-loop system for the i.v. hypnotic agent @entity1875 in @entity35 . METHODS: Seven adult male @entity35 (weight 423-584 g) were included in the study. EEG was recorded with occipito-occipital needle electrodes and the EEG power spectrum was estimated. The @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) was extracted from the power spectrum and was modified @entity2198 (mMEF) to account for the occurrence of spikes and burst suppression patterns in the EEG. @entity1875 infusion was controlled by a model-based adaptive control algorithm to maintain a set point of mMEF=3.0 (sd 0.5) Hz. The performance of the feedback system was characterized by the median performance error MDPE=median[(mMEF-set point)/set point] and the median absolute performance error (MDAPE). The effective therapeutic infusion (ETI) to maintain the set point was determined from the resulting infusion rates. RESULTS: In all @entity35 a feedback period of 90 min could be performed. Mean MDPE was 1.2 (se 0.4)% and MDAPE was 13.9 (0.3)%. The ETI was 0.73 (sd 0.20) mg kg(-1) min(-1). Mean arterial pressure before @entity1875 infusion was 148 (14) mm Hg, with the lowest value during closed-loop infusion being 110 (20) mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: The feedback system presented here may be a useful tool not only for automatic drug control to maintain a defined hypnotic effect but may also be a powerful device in pharmacological studies such as the determination of dose requirements or the assessment of drug-drug interactions.

title: EEG-controlled closed-loop dosing of @entity1875 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although a success rate of 80% has been reported in @entity1 with @entity49 treated with catheter-based thrombolysis, the possible long-term benefit of this treatment is not known. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 28 consecutive @entity1 referred for catheter-based thrombolysis of @entity49 were treated with infusion of alteplase into the thrombus for two to five days. Following thrombolysis, @entity1229 was given for at least one year. All @entity1 were examined every six months with colour duplex scanning and air pletysmography. RESULTS: 100% thrombolysis was achieved in eight @entity1 , 75-99% in ten, 50-74% in nine and < 50% in one @entity1 . Angioplasty (four) or stent implantation (four) was successful in eight out of twelve @entity1 with @entity850 of the left common iliac vein. Early recurrence of @entity715 (< 7 days) occurred in three @entity1 , @entity1151 in one, and @entity548 at the insertion site in six. After a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 17 @entity1 were free of symptoms, seven had a mild degree and four a moderate degree of @entity2979 . Eighteen @entity1 had normal venous physiology, nine deep @entity1211 , and three functional obstruction of deep veins. @entity2979 was associated with deep @entity1211 and/or functional obstruction of the iliofemoral segment. INTERPRETATION: Catheter-based thrombolysis is a safe and effective treatment of proximal @entity1150 and might reduce the occurrence of @entity2979 compared to treatment with anticoagulation alone.

title: [Catheter-directed thrombolysis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['iliofemoral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic syndrome', 'Postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['iliofemoral venous thrombosis']