abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The French-speaking Community of Belgium has set up a register of @entity13675 (1983-2007). The aim consists in analyzing the evolution of fatal and non-fatal acute coronary events rates as well as the 28 days case fatality on a 25-year period and examine sex differences in lethality. METHODS: This register assures a standardized procedure according to the MONICA criteria. For each period, we present attack rates and trends analysis. @entity580 takes again in- @entity1 and community lethality is calculated starting from all the cases. RESULTS: The total attack rate is rather stable between 1983 and 2007 for @entity1 (from 12 to 19 per 10,000 residents). For @entity1 , there is a distinct decline of the total attack rate since 1991 till 1993 (63 to 43 per 10,000 residents). We systematically observe a reduction in risk between @entity1 and @entity1 according to the age. For each 5-year period, this risk decreases significantly with age and this difference is strongest during the periods 1993-1997 and 1998-2002. The analysis shows also a significant decline in lethality between the 1983-1987 and 1993-1997 periods. Among @entity1 , lethality is systematically higher than in @entity1 in spite of the presence or the absence of antecedents of @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: Favourable evolutions in the attack rates of acute coronary events in the study population appear clearly on the 25-year period of observation. The whole lethality rates decreased during the first 15 years of the register; after that, it stabilized.

title: Gender differences in acute XXXX , twenty-five years registration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital lethality']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cardiopathies']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Microdialysis can detect @entity63 in soft tissue. In a previous study, we have shown the development of @entity63 in the femoral head removed from @entity1 undergoing total hip replacement. That study also raised some methodological questions that this study tries to answer: what is happening in the dead space around the catheter in the drill canal, and is there an equilibrium period after the insertion of the catheter? MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an ex-vivo study using 5 syringes with 5 mL @entity1 blood, a microdialysis catheter was inserted and microdialysis was performed over 3 h. In an in-vivo study, a drill hole was made in the proximal part of the femur in 6 mature G  ttingen minipigs and microdialysis was performed over 3 h. The @entity1707 were kept normoventilated during the experiment. RESULTS: The ex-vivo microdialysis results showed that @entity880 kept a steady level and @entity413 and @entity653 both fell; @entity2388 fell but leveled out. The mean @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio increased from 13 (SD 4) to 32 (SD 6) (p < 0.001). In vivo, relative recovery was 57% (SD 11). @entity880 increased, @entity2388 stayed constant, and @entity413 and @entity653 levels fell. The @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio increased from 30 (8) initially to 37 (8) after 1 h (p = 0.007) but no statistically significant change from 1 to 2 h was observed. INTERPRETATION: The ex-vivo study showed a clear washout pattern, and was different from what we see in bone. The in-vivo study indicated that an equilibrium period is necessary or that a reference measurement in healthy bone must be used when performing short measurements in bone.

title: Microdialysis in the femoral head of the minipig and in a blood cloth of XXXX blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity12131 results from @entity32 triggered by an environmental allergen. Symptoms include wheezing, @entity1353 and cough, airway narrowing and/or hyperresponsiveness to several inhaled stimuli. Inflammation develops in a two-phase fashion. The first phase after exposure to the allergen consists of degranulation and release of both @entity112 and other stored preformed inflammatory mediators as well as newly synthesized ones, including cytokines, all of which increase mucus secretion and smooth muscle contraction. The second phase occurs later and lasts longer; it is due to different molecules: several cytokines and chemokines, @entity1426 derivatives, enzymes such as metalloproteinases and cell adhesion molecules. Cytokines are key players in the @entity32 in @entity565 @entity1 , but details on their role and interactions still remain undetermined. Recent evidence suggests that @entity56 is a multifaceted @entity558 actively controlled by effector as well as regulatory T cells (Tregs). T helper (Th) 2 cells and Th17 cells increase @entity32 , while Tregs are anti- inflammatory. Cytokines are involved in the development and activation of all T cell subpopulations. They are also involved directly or indirectly in most approaches to @entity565 treatment. Several cytokines have been tested as therapeutic targets and some of the currently used therapies like @entity288 , beta agonists and allergen immunotherapy affect cytokine production. The increased knowledge on cytokine interplay and lymphocyte subsets should generate new therapeutic strategies in the near future.

title: The role of cytokines in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['condition']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity12131 :: (MESH:C565292,Disease) :: ['atopic asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to challenge the activity of a promising intravesical drug ( @entity136 ), administered at an intensive regimen (2,000 mg twice a week for 6 weeks) in treatment na  ve CIS of the bladder and to observe side-effects. The statistical design was conceived to provide sufficient information through the enrollment of a low number of @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Primary, secondary, and concurrent CIS with no prior intravesical therapy were eligible. Treatment schedule: 2000 mg @entity136 in 50 ml saline, unbuffered, for 1 hour twice a week for 6 weeks. Complete response (CR) = negative cytology and negative cystoscopy + bladder mapping at 3 months. Failure (FA) = all other situations. Side-effects were recorded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). STUDY DESIGN: A 3-stage design. After testing the drug on 11 @entity1 in the first stage, the trial had to be terminated if 3 or fewer CRs. After testing the drug on 21 @entity1 in the first and second stages, the trial had to be terminated if 7 or fewer CRs. After testing the drug on 32 @entity1 in all 3 stages, the drug was considered active in case of >12 CRs. Survival data up to 4 years from trial closure were collected. RESULTS: The study proceeded to stage II since 5/11 responded at stage I but it was stopped after including 18 @entity1 due to side-effects; 6/18 had primary CIS, 7 had secondary CIS, and 5 concomitant @entity24662 /18 (33.3%) had grade 3 side-effects (4 G3 @entity2335 , 3 G3 @entity1210 ), leading to stopping the treatment in all 6 cases. CRs were observed in 8/18 @entity1 (44.4%), FA in 10/18 (55.5%). Median overall survival (OS) was 44 months with a 4-year cancer-specific survival of 100%. CONCLUSION: Biweekly @entity136 as first line treatment for CIS led to excess @entity137 and suboptimal activity. Due to the peculiar statistical design, a negative response was generated enrolling a low number of @entity1 . The absolute 4-year CSS suggests that no window of opportunity for disease cure may have been lost by assessing a new, non standard, treatment for CIS.

title: Phase II study of biweekly XXXX as first line therapy in CIS of the bladder: what does an aborted trial tell us?

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Commonly cited data promoting @entity11035 ( @entity11035 ) as safe and efficacious are typically published by single centers, affiliated with teaching institutions with a high volume of cases, but @entity11035 is not universally performed at these hospitals. The purpose of this study is to assess where these procedures are being done and to compare pre-operative comorbidities and post-operative outcomes between high-and low-volume centers using a state-wide inpatient database. METHODS: This is a retrospective study using data from the North Carolina Hospital Association @entity1 Data System. Selected @entity1 include adults (>17  years old) that have undergone @entity11035 for @entity354 as an inpatient from 2005 to 2008. @entity1 that underwent operative management for emergent purposes or had associated diagnoses of @entity418 or @entity1318 were excluded from the study. High-volume centers were defined as institutions that performed ten or more LNFs per year averaged over a period of 4  years. Comparative statistics were performed on comorbidities and complications between high- and low-volume centers. RESULTS: A total of 1,019 @entity1 underwent @entity11035 for @entity354 in North Carolina between 2005 and 2008 in the inpatient setting. High-volume centers performed 530 LNFs (52%) while low-volume centers performed 489 LNFs (48%). @entity1 at high-volume centers were older (median 52.5  years old vs. 49.0  years old, p   =   0.019), had a higher incidence of @entity6 (13.4% vs. 8.8%, p   =   0.026), @entity1030 (5.1% vs. 2.0 %, p   =   0.015), @entity407 (9.6% vs. 4.7%, p   =   0.004), and @entity1577 (2.8% vs. 0.8%, p   =   0.03). @entity1 with a history of transplantation were also more likely to undergo @entity11035 at a high-volume center (15.8% vs. 1.6%, p   <   0.0001). There were no deaths among the two groups and also no difference between median length of stay (2.7  days for high-volume center vs. 2.6  days for low-volume center). @entity258 had a higher incidence of intraoperative accidental puncture or laceration (3.3% vs. 0.9%, p   =   0.017) while high-volume centers had a higher incidence of @entity891 (5.3% vs. 2.5%, p   =   0.031). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of the LNFs in North Carolina are performed at low-volume centers. High-volume centers perform @entity11035 on older @entity1 with more comorbidities. @entity258 have three times more accidental perforations, yet there is no detectable difference in mortality or median length of stay. It is impossible to tell if these perforations are managed at these low-volume centers or transferred to facilities with a higher level of care. These findings argue for regionalization of @entity11035 and for a reevaluation of the global safety of this operation.

title: A comparison of pre-operative comorbidities and post-operative outcomes among XXXX undergoing laparoscopic nissen fundoplication at high- and low-volume centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity11035 :: ('MESH:C535647', 'Disease') :: ['LNF', 'laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low-volume centers']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity65 is the leading cause of global mortality, yet its early detection remains a vexing problem of modern medicine. Although the computed tomography (CT) @entity460 score predicts cardiovascular risk, relatively high cost ( 250-400) and radiation dose (1-3 @entity2073 ) limit its universal utility as a screening tool. Dual-energy digital subtraction radiography (DE; < 60, 0.07 @entity2073 ) enables detection of calcified structures with high sensitivity. In this pilot study, we examined DE radiography's ability to quantify @entity729 (CAC). We identified 25 @entity1 who underwent non-contrast CT and DE chest imaging performed within 12 months using documented CAC as the major inclusion criteria. A DE @entity460 score was developed based on pixel intensity multiplied by the area of the calcified plaque. DE scores were plotted against CT scores. Subsequently, a validation cohort of 14 additional @entity1 was independently evaluated to confirm the accuracy and precision of CAC quantification, yielding a total of 39 subjects. Among all subjects (n   =   39), the DE score demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.87 (p   <   0.0001) when compared with the CT score. For the 13 @entity1 with CT scores of <400, the correlation coefficient was -0.26. For the 26 @entity1 with CT scores of >= 400, the correlation coefficient yielded 0.86. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of DE radiography to identify @entity1 at the highest cardiovascular risk. DE radiography's accuracy at lower scores remains unclear. Further evaluation of DE radiography as an inexpensive and low-radiation imaging tool to diagnose @entity65 appears warranted.

title: Assessment of coronary artery XXXX using dual-energy subtraction digital radiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of severe, early onset @entity1468 on long-term maternal psychosocial outcome after @entity600 . METHODS: @entity1 with severe, early onset @entity1468 before 32 weeks' gestation (cases) admitted in a tertiary university referral center between 1993 and 2004, and @entity1 with @entity3152 without @entity1468 (controls), matched for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, ethnicity, and year of delivery. @entity1 who consented to participation received three questionnaires in 2008 concerning @entity308 (Zung Depression Scale: score range 0-20; 20 items with 2-point frequency scale: no=0 and @entity26781 ), posttraumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale: score range 0-75; 15 items with 4-point frequency scale: not at all=0, rarely=1, sometimes=3 and often=5. Scores>19 are regarded as high symptom levels), and social aspects (Social Readjustment Rating Scale: selection of six items concerning relational aspects with husband/partner, employer, or future family planning). RESULTS: Included in the study were 104 cases and 78 controls (response rate 79% and 58%, respectively). There was no difference in @entity308 scores between cases (5.4    4.0) and controls (5.4    4.3). @entity1 with severe, early onset @entity1468 had significantly higher scores of posttraumatic stress symptoms (28.7    8.6 vs. 25.7    7.9). The majority of @entity1 among both cases and controls had high-posttraumatic stress symptom levels (88% vs. 79%). No differences could be found in relational aspects. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity600 due to severe, early onset @entity1468 experience more often posttraumatic stress symptoms on average 7 years after the pregnancy compared to @entity1 with @entity600 without @entity1468 .

title: Maternal psychosocial outcome after early onset XXXX and @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of severe, early onset @entity1468 on long-term maternal psychosocial outcome after @entity600 . METHODS: @entity1 with severe, early onset @entity1468 before 32 weeks' gestation (cases) admitted in a tertiary university referral center between 1993 and 2004, and @entity1 with @entity3152 without @entity1468 (controls), matched for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, ethnicity, and year of delivery. @entity1 who consented to participation received three questionnaires in 2008 concerning @entity308 (Zung Depression Scale: score range 0-20; 20 items with 2-point frequency scale: no=0 and @entity26781 ), posttraumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale: score range 0-75; 15 items with 4-point frequency scale: not at all=0, rarely=1, sometimes=3 and often=5. Scores>19 are regarded as high symptom levels), and social aspects (Social Readjustment Rating Scale: selection of six items concerning relational aspects with husband/partner, employer, or future family planning). RESULTS: Included in the study were 104 cases and 78 controls (response rate 79% and 58%, respectively). There was no difference in @entity308 scores between cases (5.4    4.0) and controls (5.4    4.3). @entity1 with severe, early onset @entity1468 had significantly higher scores of posttraumatic stress symptoms (28.7    8.6 vs. 25.7    7.9). The majority of @entity1 among both cases and controls had high-posttraumatic stress symptom levels (88% vs. 79%). No differences could be found in relational aspects. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity600 due to severe, early onset @entity1468 experience more often posttraumatic stress symptoms on average 7 years after the pregnancy compared to @entity1 with @entity600 without @entity1468 .

title: Maternal psychosocial outcome after early onset @entity1468 and XXXX .

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: @entity320 is the most @entity1489 , whose incidence is rising gradually. It usually occurs in pre-existing lesions in photo-exposed areas of the skin, and, despite its occurrence across a broad age range, its appearance prevails among the elderly. It has a tendency to metastasize rapidly. Secondary lesions are often located on mucous membranes including the conjunctiva, which in turn leads to higher mortality. Despite significant achievements in @entity5 diagnostics, explicit verification of a possible @entity320 is achieved by surgical removal of the lesion and its subsequent detailed histopathology. The prognosis for @entity1 is determined by the stage of the @entity5 , @entity5 thickness and the presence or absence of additional risk factors, respectively. We present the case of a 39-year old female @entity1 who was diagnosed with @entity320 of the left shoulder with a @entity5 thickness of 1 mm. No further microscopic prognostic criteria were described in the histological report. The lack of additional histopathological criteria in the pathologist  s report, such as mitotic activity and angio-lymphatic invasion from a lesion with this sort of @entity5 thickness, is followed almost always by risky or inadequate diagnostic and therapeutic decisions that may have fatal consequences for @entity1 . The newly created Association for Dermatohistopathologic Control, Reevaluation and Subsequent Therapeutic Reccomendation in Sofia, Bulgaria aims to focus attention on these errors, in order to promote a unified histopathologic assessment of @entity1489 in accordance with generally accepted European and World standards. This should ultimately help the clinician by increasing the efficiency of subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

title: XXXX associated with pigmented ocular tumor: second documented problematic case from the board of   adcrstr-association for dermatohistopathologic control, re-evaluation and subsequent therapeutic recommendations  .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant skin tumor', 'skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Desmoplastic malignant melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity5 regression following treatment with @entity4562 correlates with the presence of sensitizing mutations in @entity470 ( @entity470 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage I and II @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) enriched for the likelihood of @entity470 mutation ( <= 15 pack-year cigarette smoking history and/or a component of @entity133 ) received preoperative @entity4562 for 21 days. Tumor specimens were analyzed for @entity470 and @entity984 mutations and @entity470 protein expression and amplification. @entity1 with 25% or more reduction in @entity5 size measured bidimensionally at 3 weeks and/or @entity1 with an @entity470 mutation received adjuvant @entity4562 for 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 with stage I/II @entity1149 were treated. After 21 days of preoperative @entity4562 a response of 25% or more was observed in 21 of 50 (42%) @entity1 . Seventeen of 21 @entity1 with a response had an @entity470 mutation and 4 of 21 @entity1 with a response did not (P = 0.0001). Twenty-five of 50 @entity1 were eligible to receive adjuvant @entity4562 . With a median follow-up of 44.1 months, 2-year disease free survival for @entity470 mutant @entity1 and for those who received adjuvant @entity4562 was not statistically different than those who were @entity470 wild-type and those who did not receive adjuvant @entity4562 . The median disease free and overall survivals have not been reached. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sensitizing @entity470 mutations correlates with radiographic response. A short course of preoperative treatment serves a platform for evaluating activity of new agents and assures sufficient @entity5 availability for correlative analyses.

title: Molecular characteristics predict clinical outcomes: prospective trial correlating response to the @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor @entity4562 with the presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine binding domain of the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity5 regression following treatment with @entity4562 correlates with the presence of sensitizing mutations in @entity470 ( @entity470 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage I and II @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) enriched for the likelihood of @entity470 mutation ( <= 15 pack-year cigarette smoking history and/or a component of @entity133 ) received preoperative @entity4562 for 21 days. Tumor specimens were analyzed for @entity470 and @entity984 mutations and @entity470 protein expression and amplification. @entity1 with 25% or more reduction in @entity5 size measured bidimensionally at 3 weeks and/or @entity1 with an @entity470 mutation received adjuvant @entity4562 for 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 with stage I/II @entity1149 were treated. After 21 days of preoperative @entity4562 a response of 25% or more was observed in 21 of 50 (42%) @entity1 . Seventeen of 21 @entity1 with a response had an @entity470 mutation and 4 of 21 @entity1 with a response did not (P = 0.0001). Twenty-five of 50 @entity1 were eligible to receive adjuvant @entity4562 . With a median follow-up of 44.1 months, 2-year disease free survival for @entity470 mutant @entity1 and for those who received adjuvant @entity4562 was not statistically different than those who were @entity470 wild-type and those who did not receive adjuvant @entity4562 . The median disease free and overall survivals have not been reached. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sensitizing @entity470 mutations correlates with radiographic response. A short course of preoperative treatment serves a platform for evaluating activity of new agents and assures sufficient @entity5 availability for correlative analyses.

title: Molecular characteristics predict clinical outcomes: prospective trial correlating response to the XXXX tyrosine kinase inhibitor @entity4562 with the presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine binding domain of the @entity470 gene.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity5 regression following treatment with @entity4562 correlates with the presence of sensitizing mutations in @entity470 ( @entity470 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage I and II @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) enriched for the likelihood of @entity470 mutation ( <= 15 pack-year cigarette smoking history and/or a component of @entity133 ) received preoperative @entity4562 for 21 days. Tumor specimens were analyzed for @entity470 and @entity984 mutations and @entity470 protein expression and amplification. @entity1 with 25% or more reduction in @entity5 size measured bidimensionally at 3 weeks and/or @entity1 with an @entity470 mutation received adjuvant @entity4562 for 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 with stage I/II @entity1149 were treated. After 21 days of preoperative @entity4562 a response of 25% or more was observed in 21 of 50 (42%) @entity1 . Seventeen of 21 @entity1 with a response had an @entity470 mutation and 4 of 21 @entity1 with a response did not (P = 0.0001). Twenty-five of 50 @entity1 were eligible to receive adjuvant @entity4562 . With a median follow-up of 44.1 months, 2-year disease free survival for @entity470 mutant @entity1 and for those who received adjuvant @entity4562 was not statistically different than those who were @entity470 wild-type and those who did not receive adjuvant @entity4562 . The median disease free and overall survivals have not been reached. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sensitizing @entity470 mutations correlates with radiographic response. A short course of preoperative treatment serves a platform for evaluating activity of new agents and assures sufficient @entity5 availability for correlative analyses.

title: Molecular characteristics predict clinical outcomes: prospective trial correlating response to the @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor XXXX with the presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine binding domain of the @entity470 gene.

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: @entity5948 -induced @entity1370 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity11092 , @entity7737 , @entity1115 , @entity23873 , @entity16092 , @entity38516 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity1487 , @entity1259 and @entity786 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) > 10 % and @entity712 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity1259 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity1398 , and planned and received cycles of @entity1259 ) on decrease of @entity1002 and @entity712 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity8253 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity1002 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity712 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity72978 T-allele in @entity11092 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity1002 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity712 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity5948 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity1002 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity1259 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity72978 in @entity11092 and @entity1002 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for XXXX -induced @entity1370 in early @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: @entity5948 -induced @entity1370 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity11092 , @entity7737 , @entity1115 , @entity23873 , @entity16092 , @entity38516 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity1487 , @entity1259 and @entity786 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) > 10 % and @entity712 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity1259 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity1398 , and planned and received cycles of @entity1259 ) on decrease of @entity1002 and @entity712 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity8253 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity1002 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity712 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity72978 T-allele in @entity11092 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity1002 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity712 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity5948 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity1002 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity1259 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity72978 in @entity11092 and @entity1002 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for @entity1259 -induced XXXX in early @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiac toxicity']


abstract: @entity5948 -induced @entity1370 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity11092 , @entity7737 , @entity1115 , @entity23873 , @entity16092 , @entity38516 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity1487 , @entity1259 and @entity786 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) > 10 % and @entity712 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity1259 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity1398 , and planned and received cycles of @entity1259 ) on decrease of @entity1002 and @entity712 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity8253 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity1002 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity712 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity72978 T-allele in @entity11092 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity1002 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity712 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity5948 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity1002 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity1259 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity72978 in @entity11092 and @entity1002 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for @entity1259 -induced @entity1370 in early XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5948 -induced @entity1370 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity11092 , @entity7737 , @entity1115 , @entity23873 , @entity16092 , @entity38516 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity1487 , @entity1259 and @entity786 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) > 10 % and @entity712 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity1259 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity1398 , and planned and received cycles of @entity1259 ) on decrease of @entity1002 and @entity712 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity8253 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity1002 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity712 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity72978 T-allele in @entity11092 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity1002 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity712 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity5948 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity1002 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity1259 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity72978 in @entity11092 and @entity1002 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for @entity1259 -induced @entity1370 in early @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nonfibrillar neurotoxic amyloid b (Ab) oligomer structures are typically rich in b-sheets, which could be promoted by metal ions like @entity8862 . Here, using @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations, we systematically examined combinations of Ab40 peptide conformations and @entity8862 binding modes to probe the effects of secondary structure on Ab dimerization energies and kinetics. We found that random conformations do not contribute to dimerization either thermodynamically or kinetically. @entity8862 couples with preformed secondary structures (a-helix and b-hairpin) to speed dimerization and stabilize the resulting dimer. Partial a-helices increase the dimerization speed, and dimers with a-helix rich conformations have the lowest energy. When @entity8862 coordinates with residues D1, H6, @entity37979 , and @entity32468 , Ab40 b-hairpin monomers have the fastest dimerization speed. Dimers with experimentally observed @entity219 coordination ( @entity72979 ) form with slower rate but have lower energy. @entity8862 cannot stabilize fibril-like b-arch dimers. However, @entity8862 -bound b-arch tetramers have the lowest energy. Collectively, @entity219 -stabilized b-hairpin oligomers could be important in the nucleation-polymerization of cross-b structures. Our results are consistent with experimental findings that a-helix to b-structural transition should accompany @entity1423 in the presence of @entity219 ions and that @entity8862 stabilizes nonfibrillar Ab oligomers and, thus, inhibits formation of less toxic Ab fibrils.

title: Coupling of XXXX -Binding and Secondary Structure in Nonfibrillar Ab40 Peptide Oligomerization.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Ab aggregation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['Zinc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of @entity1110 oxidase-mediated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production in @entity15 pathogenesis, we examined the effects of @entity12824 , an @entity1110 oxidase assembly inhibitor, on @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ). METHODS: @entity6503 was induced by immunization with @entity6504 ( @entity6504 (35-55)) in C57BL/6 female @entity19 . Three weeks after initial immunization, the @entity19 were analyzed for @entity17 , immune cell infiltration, and ROS production. @entity12824 (30  mg/kg) was given orally once daily for the entire experimental course or after the typical onset of clinical symptom (15  days after first @entity6504 injection). RESULTS: Clinical signs of @entity6503 first appeared on day 11 and reached a peak level on day 19 after the initial immunization. The daily clinical symptoms of @entity6503 @entity19 were profoundly reduced by @entity12824 . The @entity12824 -mediated inhibition of the clinical course of @entity6503 was accompanied by @entity17 , reduced infiltration by encephalitogenic immune cells including @entity1961 , CD8, @entity25234 , and @entity19 -positive cells. @entity12824 reduced @entity6504 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured microglia. @entity12824 also remarkably inhibited @entity6503 -associated ROS production and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Furthermore, the present study found that post-treatment with @entity12824 also reduced the clinical course of @entity6503 and @entity3026 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity12824 inhibits the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with @entity6503 . Therefore, the present study suggests that inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase activation by @entity12824 may have a high therapeutic potential for treatment of @entity15 pathogenesis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX oxidase activation reduces @entity6503 -induced white matter damage in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein', 'MOG']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'suppression of demyelination']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord demyelination']

entities_list: @entity12824 :: ('MESH:C056165', 'Chemical') :: ['Apocynin', 'apocynin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of @entity1110 oxidase-mediated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production in @entity15 pathogenesis, we examined the effects of @entity12824 , an @entity1110 oxidase assembly inhibitor, on @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ). METHODS: @entity6503 was induced by immunization with @entity6504 ( @entity6504 (35-55)) in C57BL/6 female @entity19 . Three weeks after initial immunization, the @entity19 were analyzed for @entity17 , immune cell infiltration, and ROS production. @entity12824 (30  mg/kg) was given orally once daily for the entire experimental course or after the typical onset of clinical symptom (15  days after first @entity6504 injection). RESULTS: Clinical signs of @entity6503 first appeared on day 11 and reached a peak level on day 19 after the initial immunization. The daily clinical symptoms of @entity6503 @entity19 were profoundly reduced by @entity12824 . The @entity12824 -mediated inhibition of the clinical course of @entity6503 was accompanied by @entity17 , reduced infiltration by encephalitogenic immune cells including @entity1961 , CD8, @entity25234 , and @entity19 -positive cells. @entity12824 reduced @entity6504 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured microglia. @entity12824 also remarkably inhibited @entity6503 -associated ROS production and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Furthermore, the present study found that post-treatment with @entity12824 also reduced the clinical course of @entity6503 and @entity3026 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity12824 inhibits the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with @entity6503 . Therefore, the present study suggests that inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase activation by @entity12824 may have a high therapeutic potential for treatment of @entity15 pathogenesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase activation reduces XXXX -induced white matter damage in @entity19 .

answer: @entity6503 :: (MESH:D004681,Disease) :: ['EAE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of @entity1110 oxidase-mediated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production in @entity15 pathogenesis, we examined the effects of @entity12824 , an @entity1110 oxidase assembly inhibitor, on @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ). METHODS: @entity6503 was induced by immunization with @entity6504 ( @entity6504 (35-55)) in C57BL/6 female @entity19 . Three weeks after initial immunization, the @entity19 were analyzed for @entity17 , immune cell infiltration, and ROS production. @entity12824 (30  mg/kg) was given orally once daily for the entire experimental course or after the typical onset of clinical symptom (15  days after first @entity6504 injection). RESULTS: Clinical signs of @entity6503 first appeared on day 11 and reached a peak level on day 19 after the initial immunization. The daily clinical symptoms of @entity6503 @entity19 were profoundly reduced by @entity12824 . The @entity12824 -mediated inhibition of the clinical course of @entity6503 was accompanied by @entity17 , reduced infiltration by encephalitogenic immune cells including @entity1961 , CD8, @entity25234 , and @entity19 -positive cells. @entity12824 reduced @entity6504 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured microglia. @entity12824 also remarkably inhibited @entity6503 -associated ROS production and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Furthermore, the present study found that post-treatment with @entity12824 also reduced the clinical course of @entity6503 and @entity3026 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity12824 inhibits the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with @entity6503 . Therefore, the present study suggests that inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase activation by @entity12824 may have a high therapeutic potential for treatment of @entity15 pathogenesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase activation reduces @entity6503 -induced white matter damage in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgery complications and laryngeal function sparing rate after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy of @entity5 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with @entity957 of pyriform sinus from March 2002 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy (CRT + S group) was conducted in twenty-three @entity1 . @entity900 (50 mg/weekly) was mostly applied. Twenty-three @entity1 were treated with radiation only (RT + S group). Surgery was conducted after a break-time of 21 - 44 days (median, 31 d) and 17 - 40 days (median, 28 d), respectively. RESULTS: The complication rate of CRT + S group and RT + S group were 30.4% and 39.1% respectively, no significant differences was found (  (2) = 0.099, P < 0.05). The one-year laryngeal function sparing rate of the two groups were 52.2% and 17.4% respectively, with significant differences (  (2) = 6.133, P < 0.05). The one-year local regional control rate and disease free survival rate for the CRT + S group were 89.9%, 71.1%, and for RT + S group were 56.3%, 47.1%, P level were 0.018 and 0.037, respectively. There was significant differences in one year local regional control rate and disease free survival rate between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of concurrent chemotherapy to preoperative radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 does not increase the incidence of surgery complications. Chemotherapy improves the remission rate and appears to increase the laryngeal function sparing rate. Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy can improve the local and regional control, and certainly, more investigations will be needed.

title: [Clinical analysis of surgical complications after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pyriform sinus cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pyriform sinus cancer']


abstract: Height is the result of many growth and development processes. Most of the genes associated with height are known to play a role in skeletal development. Single- @entity4334 polymorphisms in the @entity64937 gene have been associated with @entity1 height. However, it is not clear how this gene influences linear growth. Here we show that a targeted mutation in @entity72980 leads to @entity600 . Hind limb length in mutants was significantly shorter than in wild-type @entity19 . Studies revealed differences in maturation of femur and tibia suggesting alterations in limb patterning. Morphometric studies showed increased bone formation evidenced by increased trabecular bone area and the ratio of bone area to total area, leading to reductions in the ratio of marrow area/total area in the femur. Micro-CTs and von Kossa staining demonstrated increased mineral in the femur. Moreover, @entity2450 and @entity32251 were more highly expressed in mutant @entity19 than in wild-type @entity19 femurs. These data suggest that femur bone shortening may be due to premature ossification. On the other hand, tibias appear to be shorter due to a delay in cartilage and bone development. Morphometric studies showed reduction in growth plate and bone formation. These defects did not affect bone mineralization, although the volume of primary bone and levels of @entity2450 and @entity32251 were higher. @entity600 were observed including fused sternebrae, reduced mineralization in the skull, medial and metacarpal phalanges. Primary cilia from chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from knockout @entity19 were shorter and fewer cells had primary cilia in comparison to cells from wild-type @entity19 . In addition, @entity72980 knockdown in wild-type MEFs by @entity72980 siRNA duplex reproduced the shorter primary cilia phenotype. Our findings disclosed unexpected functions for @entity72980 in the regulation of skeletal growth and mineralization, perhaps because of its role in primary cilia of chondrocytes and osteoblasts.

title: @entity72980 XXXX and bone abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal malformations', 'Other skeletal malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['deficiency results in skeletal malformations']


abstract: Height is the result of many growth and development processes. Most of the genes associated with height are known to play a role in skeletal development. Single- @entity4334 polymorphisms in the @entity64937 gene have been associated with @entity1 height. However, it is not clear how this gene influences linear growth. Here we show that a targeted mutation in @entity72980 leads to @entity600 . Hind limb length in mutants was significantly shorter than in wild-type @entity19 . Studies revealed differences in maturation of femur and tibia suggesting alterations in limb patterning. Morphometric studies showed increased bone formation evidenced by increased trabecular bone area and the ratio of bone area to total area, leading to reductions in the ratio of marrow area/total area in the femur. Micro-CTs and von Kossa staining demonstrated increased mineral in the femur. Moreover, @entity2450 and @entity32251 were more highly expressed in mutant @entity19 than in wild-type @entity19 femurs. These data suggest that femur bone shortening may be due to premature ossification. On the other hand, tibias appear to be shorter due to a delay in cartilage and bone development. Morphometric studies showed reduction in growth plate and bone formation. These defects did not affect bone mineralization, although the volume of primary bone and levels of @entity2450 and @entity32251 were higher. @entity600 were observed including fused sternebrae, reduced mineralization in the skull, medial and metacarpal phalanges. Primary cilia from chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from knockout @entity19 were shorter and fewer cells had primary cilia in comparison to cells from wild-type @entity19 . In addition, @entity72980 knockdown in wild-type MEFs by @entity72980 siRNA duplex reproduced the shorter primary cilia phenotype. Our findings disclosed unexpected functions for @entity72980 in the regulation of skeletal growth and mineralization, perhaps because of its role in primary cilia of chondrocytes and osteoblasts.

title: XXXX @entity600 and bone abnormalities.

answer: @entity72980 :: (74362(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Spag17']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the research methods and baseline sample of the Talking About The Smokes (TATS) project. DESIGN: The TATS project is a collaboration between research institutions and Aboriginal community-controlled health services (ACCHSs) and their state and national representative bodies. It is one of the studies within the International @entity286 Control Policy Evaluation Project, enabling national and international comparisons. It includes a prospective longitudinal study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers and recent ex-smokers; a survey of non-smokers; repeated cross-sectional surveys of ACCHS staff; and descriptions of the @entity286 policies and practices at the ACCHSs. Community members completed face-to-face surveys; staff completed surveys on paper or online. We compared potential biases and the distribution of variables common to the main community baseline sample and unweighted and weighted results of the 2008 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS). The baseline survey (Wave 1) was conducted between April 2012 and October 2013. SETTING AND @entity1 : 2522 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander @entity1 in 35 locations (the communities served by 34 ACCHSs and one community in the Torres Strait), and 645 staff in the ACCHSs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sociodemographic and general health indicators, smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day and quit attempts. RESULTS: The main community baseline sample closely matched the distribution of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in the weighted NATSISS by age, sex, jurisdiction and remoteness. There were inconsistent differences in some sociodemographic factors between our sample and the NATSISS: our sample had higher proportions of unemployed @entity1 , but also higher proportions who had completed Year 12 and who lived in more advantaged areas. In both surveys, similar percentages of smokers reported having attempted to quit in the past year, and daily smokers reported similar numbers of cigarettes smoked per day. CONCLUSION: The TATS project provides a detailed and nationally representative description of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking behaviour, attitudes, knowledge and exposure to @entity286 control activities and policies, and their association with quitting.

title: Research methods of Talking About The Smokes: an International XXXX Control Policy Evaluation Project study with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate re-innervation in the neovaginal mucosa of @entity1 underwent sigmoid colon vaginoplasty in treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kistner-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS). METHODS: Biopsies in the upper third of the posterior neovagina were taken in 20 @entity1 treated by sigmoid colon vaginoplasty at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, respectively. @entity5855 ( @entity5855 ), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) and @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) were detected by immunohistochemical method and compared with those in intact sigmoid colon mucosa. RESULTS: (1) Density of nerve fiber: abundant distribution of @entity5855 nerve fibers were observed in the mucosal @entity121 , submucosa, and smooth @entity121 of the neovagina. The nerve fibers of @entity3549 and @entity7766 immunoreactivity were mainly distributed around blood vessels and in the smooth muscles. In the neovagina, the density of nerve fibers of @entity5855 of 17    6 were much more than @entity3549 of 2.9    1.0 and @entity7766 of 2.5    0.8 significantly (P < 0.05). (2) Expression of @entity5855 in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, @entity5855 positive expression of 14    4 was significantly lower in the neovagina than 28    7 in the intact sigmoid colon (P < 0.05). However, after 2 to 3 years, its expression displayed an upgrade tendency in the neovagina and was significantly higher at the 3 year postoperatively than that at the 1 years postoperatively (22    7 vs. 14    4, P < 0.05). The changes were much more obvious in submucosa. (3) The expression of @entity3549 and @entity7766 in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, @entity3549 and @entity7766 positive nerve fibers were also decreased in the neovagina when compared with those in the intact sigmoid colon (2.3    0.7 vs. 5.3    1.4, P < 0.05; 2.5    1.1 vs. 5.5    1.1, P < 0.05). At 2 to 3 years after surgery, the positive @entity3549 fiber showed initially decreased and subsequently increased tendency. The density of @entity3549 of 3.7    0.7 in the neovagina at 3 years postoperatively was higher than 2.3    0.7 at 1 years postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant up-regulation was observed in @entity7766 -positive expression in the neovagina within 3 years after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of sensory @entity5855 , @entity3549 and @entity7766 immunoreactive nerve fibers was similar to the pattern observed within the intact sigmoid colon wall. The number of nerve fibers in the neovagina decreased after surgery and then increased subsequently within 3 years after surgery.

title: [Expression of @entity5855 , vasoactive intestinal peptide and XXXX in the mucosa of the neovagina after sigmoid colon vaginoplasty].

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle layer']

answer: @entity7766 :: (4852,Gene) :: ['neuropeptide Y']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate re-innervation in the neovaginal mucosa of @entity1 underwent sigmoid colon vaginoplasty in treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kistner-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS). METHODS: Biopsies in the upper third of the posterior neovagina were taken in 20 @entity1 treated by sigmoid colon vaginoplasty at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, respectively. @entity5855 ( @entity5855 ), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) and @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) were detected by immunohistochemical method and compared with those in intact sigmoid colon mucosa. RESULTS: (1) Density of nerve fiber: abundant distribution of @entity5855 nerve fibers were observed in the mucosal @entity121 , submucosa, and smooth @entity121 of the neovagina. The nerve fibers of @entity3549 and @entity7766 immunoreactivity were mainly distributed around blood vessels and in the smooth muscles. In the neovagina, the density of nerve fibers of @entity5855 of 17    6 were much more than @entity3549 of 2.9    1.0 and @entity7766 of 2.5    0.8 significantly (P < 0.05). (2) Expression of @entity5855 in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, @entity5855 positive expression of 14    4 was significantly lower in the neovagina than 28    7 in the intact sigmoid colon (P < 0.05). However, after 2 to 3 years, its expression displayed an upgrade tendency in the neovagina and was significantly higher at the 3 year postoperatively than that at the 1 years postoperatively (22    7 vs. 14    4, P < 0.05). The changes were much more obvious in submucosa. (3) The expression of @entity3549 and @entity7766 in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, @entity3549 and @entity7766 positive nerve fibers were also decreased in the neovagina when compared with those in the intact sigmoid colon (2.3    0.7 vs. 5.3    1.4, P < 0.05; 2.5    1.1 vs. 5.5    1.1, P < 0.05). At 2 to 3 years after surgery, the positive @entity3549 fiber showed initially decreased and subsequently increased tendency. The density of @entity3549 of 3.7    0.7 in the neovagina at 3 years postoperatively was higher than 2.3    0.7 at 1 years postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant up-regulation was observed in @entity7766 -positive expression in the neovagina within 3 years after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of sensory @entity5855 , @entity3549 and @entity7766 immunoreactive nerve fibers was similar to the pattern observed within the intact sigmoid colon wall. The number of nerve fibers in the neovagina decreased after surgery and then increased subsequently within 3 years after surgery.

title: [Expression of XXXX , vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity7766 in the mucosa of the neovagina after sigmoid colon vaginoplasty].

answer: @entity5855 :: (7345,Gene) :: ['protein gene product 9.5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the mutations in the trabecular meshwork induced-glucocorticoid response protein gene ( @entity29714 / @entity29714 ) in Chinese @entity725 @entity1 . METHODS: It was a case-control study. One hundred and eighteen Chinese @entity1 with @entity725 and 150 control subjects without @entity725 were screened for coding sequence of the @entity29714 gene by polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequence. Restriction endonuclease analysis was used to detect the SSCP in 150 gender- and aged-matched controls. Statistical significance of the difference in frequencies of @entity29714 mutations between @entity725 @entity1 and the controls was determined by the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Three coding sequence variants that lead to @entity535 changes were identified in @entity29714 gene. One mutation of @entity29714 gene was novel, @entity40705 , which was present in one @entity1 with @entity725 and 3 control subjects. @entity32179 and @entity72981 have been reported previously. @entity40705 and @entity72981 were found in both the subjects with and without @entity725 , the difference of the frequency of these two mutations between @entity725 and the controls was   (2) = 0.07, P = 0.791 and   (2) = 0.56, P = 0.453, respectively. Coding sequence mutations of @entity29714 were found in 4.23% @entity725 @entity1 . Frequency of @entity32179 mutation in @entity725 @entity1 was significantly greater than that in the controls (  (2) = 4.37, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: One novel variant locus in the @entity29714 / @entity29714 ( @entity40705 ) was found in the present study, but this mutation is not associated with @entity725 . @entity32179 is the most common mutation in @entity29714 locus in Chinese subjects with @entity725 . Approximately 4.23% sporadic @entity725 @entity1 have mutation in the exon 1 in @entity29714 / @entity29714 .

title: [Study on XXXX / @entity29714 gene mutations in primary open-angle glaucoma].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity32179 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12R']

answer: @entity29714 :: (4653,Gene) :: ['MYOC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the mutations in the trabecular meshwork induced-glucocorticoid response protein gene ( @entity29714 / @entity29714 ) in Chinese @entity725 @entity1 . METHODS: It was a case-control study. One hundred and eighteen Chinese @entity1 with @entity725 and 150 control subjects without @entity725 were screened for coding sequence of the @entity29714 gene by polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequence. Restriction endonuclease analysis was used to detect the SSCP in 150 gender- and aged-matched controls. Statistical significance of the difference in frequencies of @entity29714 mutations between @entity725 @entity1 and the controls was determined by the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Three coding sequence variants that lead to @entity535 changes were identified in @entity29714 gene. One mutation of @entity29714 gene was novel, @entity40705 , which was present in one @entity1 with @entity725 and 3 control subjects. @entity32179 and @entity72981 have been reported previously. @entity40705 and @entity72981 were found in both the subjects with and without @entity725 , the difference of the frequency of these two mutations between @entity725 and the controls was   (2) = 0.07, P = 0.791 and   (2) = 0.56, P = 0.453, respectively. Coding sequence mutations of @entity29714 were found in 4.23% @entity725 @entity1 . Frequency of @entity32179 mutation in @entity725 @entity1 was significantly greater than that in the controls (  (2) = 4.37, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: One novel variant locus in the @entity29714 / @entity29714 ( @entity40705 ) was found in the present study, but this mutation is not associated with @entity725 . @entity32179 is the most common mutation in @entity29714 locus in Chinese subjects with @entity725 . Approximately 4.23% sporadic @entity725 @entity1 have mutation in the exon 1 in @entity29714 / @entity29714 .

title: [Study on @entity29714 / XXXX gene mutations in primary open-angle glaucoma].

answer: @entity29714 :: (4653,Gene) :: ['TIGR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of superwet technique of infiltration and autologous tissue sealants during rhytidectomy has benefits of decreasing @entity548 and @entity4 , improving visualization, and easing dissection. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether these intraoperative strategies resulted in more consistent and reproducible outcomes and significantly decreased @entity1410 rates. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 1089 consecutive face lifts performed by a single surgeon. Fisher's exact test was used to determine significant differences in @entity1410 between those @entity1 who received platelet-rich plasma and superwet technique and those who did not. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate demographic variables and intraoperative interventions for risk of complication. RESULTS: Five hundred eighty-seven of 1089 face lifts received platelet-rich plasma and 926 of 1089 underwent a superwet technique. Ten @entity1410 were recorded, six in the group that did not receive platelet-rich plasma compared to four who did (p = 0.527). One @entity1410 was observed before implementation of the superwet technique and nine were in the group after (p = 1.00). Multivariate analysis showed male sex to be a significant factor for @entity1410 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis showed excellent outcomes with a @entity1410 rate of 0.9 percent. Although no significant differences were noted, the authors attribute their consistent and reproducible results to the use of the superwet technique and platelet-rich plasma. The superwet technique allows for improved safety and visualization with improved hemostasis. Platelet-rich plasma potentially decreases ecchymosis and @entity4 . Prospective studies are needed to determine significant differences between these intraoperative interventions. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: The Role of the Superwet Technique in Face Lift: An Analysis of 1089 XXXX over 23 Years.

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) may be treated through different surgical techniques. In this endovascular era, surgery remains a mainstay in the management of this disease, especially in @entity1 unsuitable for EVAR. The purpose of this study was to compare retrospectively the postoperative outcomes and survival rates of the transperitoneal and the retroperitoneal approach for the @entity1028 repair in our Unit. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 840 consecutive @entity1 affected by @entity1028 who were electively admitted in our unit from 1996 to 2011 was performed. Five hundred and sixty @entity1 underwent surgical treatment, 193 through a transperitoneal approach (TP group) and 367 by a retroperitoneal approach (RP group). Short and long-term postoperative outcomes were compared in the two groups. RESULTS: The RP group was characterized by significantly fewer ICU admissions and fewer respiratory and @entity260 . Canalization and oral feeding occurred earlier and the mean length of hospital stay for the RP group was shorter compared with that for the TP group. Twelve months survival rate in the RP group was significantly higher comparing with the TP group. Similarly higher survival rates were also observed at 180 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In our study the repair of @entity1028 through a retroperitoneal approach was associated with positive outcomes particularly in high-risk @entity1 . It represents a valid therapeutic option especially in subjects not suitable for endovascular procedures. Surgical training and competence should be maintained to ensure the selection of the appropriate therapy for each @entity1 .

title: Retroperitoneal access for XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Limited information is available concerning the post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in @entity63 @entity1 who receive conservative therapy. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of the post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in @entity63 @entity1 without surgery. METHOD: From January 2009 to January 2011, @entity63 @entity1 were admitted to a vascular center. The demographic data, @entity1 histories, comorbidities and risk factors were documented, and the differential cell count was determined at admission and seven days later after conservative therapy. The cutoff value of the post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was determined by an ROC curve. @entity1 were divided into groups A and B according to the cutoff value. Amputation-free survival was compared between groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors. RESULT: A total of 172 @entity1 were identified with a mean age 71.98  10.09 years; among them, 122 were male. A value of 3.8 was identified as the cutoff value of the post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Groups A (post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio >= 3.8) and B (post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio <3.8) showed a significant difference in amputation-free survival (P<0.001). The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year amputation-free survival rates were 79.6%, 55.6% and 46.3%, respectively, in group A; however, in group B, these values were 89.7%, 79.3% and 75.9%, respectively. The post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was identified as an independent predictive factor for amputation in @entity63 @entity1 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is an independent predictive factor for amputation in @entity63 @entity1 . @entity1 with a post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio >= 3.8 are likely to suffer from amputation; amputation-free survival usually occurs in @entity1 with a post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio <3.8.

title: Post-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio independently predicts amputation in XXXX without operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: To determine the value of preoperative anal physiology testing and transanal ultrasonography in predicting clinical response to sacral neuromodulation for @entity1241 . METHODS: We report a retrospective study of all @entity1 treated with sacral neuromodulation for @entity1241 in a single practice between 2011 and 2014 was performed. @entity1 demographics included age, gender, comorbidities, presence of an ultrasound-defined external @entity1690 , and history of prior anal sphincter repair. @entity922 ( @entity922 ) scores were used to assess the severity of @entity1241 at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between preoperative physiology testing and ultrasonography and @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: Sacral neuromodulation was trialed in 60 @entity1 , of whom 31 had anorectal physiology testing and 29 did not. @entity1 who were tested were younger (60.9 vs. 71.4 years, p   =   0.013) and more likely to have had a prior overlapping sphincteroplasty (40.5% vs. 15%, p   =   0.043). Among @entity1 who progressed to complete system implantation, @entity922 scores at 3 and 12 months were similar whether they had physiology testing or not. Likewise, @entity1 outcome did not correlate with the finding of an ultrasound-defined external @entity1690 . Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the test results and the 3-month @entity922 scores. @entity922 scores 3 months after full system implantation did not correlate with the presence or size of an external @entity1690 , resting or squeeze pressure, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, rectoanal inhibitory reflex, or minimum detectable volume. CONCLUSIONS: Anal physiology testing and ultrasonography were not predictive of clinical outcomes among @entity1 treated with sacral neuromodulation for @entity1241 .

title: Does preoperative anal physiology testing or ultrasonography predict clinical outcome with sacral neuromodulation for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter defect']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CCF', 'Cleveland Clinic Florida']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Very large @entity129 are not very common in neurosurgical practice and there is not any widely acknowledged standard of their treatment. One of the useful methods in such cases is individual forming of @entity7502 - @entity2635 knitwear. Such material was used in the past but before 2008 it was available only as standardized plates. Currently, it can be also produced as individually shaped implants. The authors give their definition of very large @entity129 and present their experience with this cranioplastic method in such defects. The authors collected data on 11 cases of @entity1 with very large @entity129 , from a total of 156 cases, operated on in 5 Polish neurosurgical departments. The necessary implants were prepared for individual @entity1 according to the data provided by a computed tomography examination and with the use of computer aided machining. All defects were larger than 120 sqcm (129 to 178 sqcm) and exceeded 1/4 of the calvaria area. @entity1 were operated between 2008 to 2012. In all @entity1 , a very good aesthetic result and correct skull reconstruction was achieved. The follow up time in all cases exceeded 1 year and reached 4 years in 1 case. No complications were noted. The advantages and limitations of this method of cranioplasty are discussed below. Individually pre-shaped @entity7502 - @entity2635 knitwear prostheses are a good alternative to existing cranioplasty methods, particularly in very large @entity129 .

title: Treatment of very large @entity129 with individually shaped XXXX @entity2635 knitwear prostheses - series of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Very large @entity129 are not very common in neurosurgical practice and there is not any widely acknowledged standard of their treatment. One of the useful methods in such cases is individual forming of @entity7502 - @entity2635 knitwear. Such material was used in the past but before 2008 it was available only as standardized plates. Currently, it can be also produced as individually shaped implants. The authors give their definition of very large @entity129 and present their experience with this cranioplastic method in such defects. The authors collected data on 11 cases of @entity1 with very large @entity129 , from a total of 156 cases, operated on in 5 Polish neurosurgical departments. The necessary implants were prepared for individual @entity1 according to the data provided by a computed tomography examination and with the use of computer aided machining. All defects were larger than 120 sqcm (129 to 178 sqcm) and exceeded 1/4 of the calvaria area. @entity1 were operated between 2008 to 2012. In all @entity1 , a very good aesthetic result and correct skull reconstruction was achieved. The follow up time in all cases exceeded 1 year and reached 4 years in 1 case. No complications were noted. The advantages and limitations of this method of cranioplasty are discussed below. Individually pre-shaped @entity7502 - @entity2635 knitwear prostheses are a good alternative to existing cranioplasty methods, particularly in very large @entity129 .

title: Treatment of very large @entity129 with individually shaped @entity7502 XXXX knitwear prostheses - series of 11 cases.

answer: @entity2635 :: (CHEBI:60160,Chemical) :: ['polyester']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Very large @entity129 are not very common in neurosurgical practice and there is not any widely acknowledged standard of their treatment. One of the useful methods in such cases is individual forming of @entity7502 - @entity2635 knitwear. Such material was used in the past but before 2008 it was available only as standardized plates. Currently, it can be also produced as individually shaped implants. The authors give their definition of very large @entity129 and present their experience with this cranioplastic method in such defects. The authors collected data on 11 cases of @entity1 with very large @entity129 , from a total of 156 cases, operated on in 5 Polish neurosurgical departments. The necessary implants were prepared for individual @entity1 according to the data provided by a computed tomography examination and with the use of computer aided machining. All defects were larger than 120 sqcm (129 to 178 sqcm) and exceeded 1/4 of the calvaria area. @entity1 were operated between 2008 to 2012. In all @entity1 , a very good aesthetic result and correct skull reconstruction was achieved. The follow up time in all cases exceeded 1 year and reached 4 years in 1 case. No complications were noted. The advantages and limitations of this method of cranioplasty are discussed below. Individually pre-shaped @entity7502 - @entity2635 knitwear prostheses are a good alternative to existing cranioplasty methods, particularly in very large @entity129 .

title: Treatment of very large XXXX with individually shaped @entity7502 @entity2635 knitwear prostheses - series of 11 cases.

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial defects']


abstract: GTPases perform a wide range of functions, ranging from protein synthesis to cell signaling. Of all known GTPases, only eight are conserved across all three domains of life. YchF is one of these eight universally conserved GTPases; however, its cellular function and enzymatic properties are poorly understood. YchF differs from the classical GTPases in that it has a higher affinity for @entity855 than for @entity3007 and is a functional ATPase. As a hydrophobic @entity3689 -substituted ATPase, YchF does not possess the canonical catalytic Gln required for @entity4334 hydrolysis. To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of @entity855 hydrolysis by YchF, we have taken a two-pronged approach combining classical biochemical and in silico techniques. The use of molecular dynamics simulations allowed us to complement our biochemical findings with information about the structural dynamics of YchF. We have thereby identified the highly conserved His-114 as critical for the ATPase activity of YchF from @entity526 . His-114 is located in a flexible loop of the G-domain, which undergoes @entity4334 -dependent conformational changes. The use of a catalytic His is also observed in the hydrophobic @entity3689 -substituted GTPase RbgA and is an identifier of the translational GTPase family.

title: Histidine 114 Is Critical for XXXX Hydrolysis by the Universally Conserved ATPase YchF.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the value of three-dimensional (3D) visualization, 3D printing and 3D laparoscopy (3-3D techniques) in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity99 . METHODS: From November 2013 to January 2015, 22 @entity1 with @entity99 admitted in our department underwent abdominal thin-slice CT scanning. The CT images were imported into Medical Image three Dimensional Visualization System (MI-3 @entity6094 ) for 3D reconstruction. Standard Template Library (STL) files were exported for 3D printing. The hepatic vascular classification and predicted liver resection were performed with the aid of MI-3 @entity6094 system. The 3D models were then printed and virtual liver resections were executed accordingly. Based on these preoperative surgical planning data, we performed anatomical hepatectomy using 3D laparoscopy, and the intraoperative @entity190 , @entity409 and postoperative hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS: According to Michels's classifications, 19 @entity1 had type I, 2 had type II, and 1 had type VIII hepatic arteries; based on Cheng classifications, the portal vein was classified into type I in 17 cases, type II in 2 cases, and type III in 2 cases, and type IV in 1 case; according to Nakamura classifications, the right hemiliver hepatic vein was classified into type I in 10 cases, type II in 7 cases, and type III in 5 cases. In the virtual operations, the mean volume of liver resected was 490    228 ml and the mean remnant liver volume was 885    139 ml, with a remnant to functional liver volume ratio of (71    11)%. The 3D printed models stereoscopically displayed the location of the @entity96 and adjacent liver vascular structure clearly. Laparoscopic hepatectomy was performed successfully in 20 @entity1 guided by the 3-3D techniques, and the other 2 @entity1 required convertion to open hepatectomy. The mean operation time was 186    92 min, the intraoperative @entity190 was 284    286 ml, the mean actual liver resection volume was 491    192 ml, and the mean postoperative hospital stay of the @entity1 was 8.6    3.7 days. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-3D technique can facilitate the evaluation of preoperative risk and critical anatomical structures and navigate the surgical procedure in real time in anatomical hepatectomy for @entity99 .

title: [Application of 3D visualization, 3D printing and 3D laparoscopy in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['volume of virtual and actual liver resection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : To perform a large registry-based study to determine the relative prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) problems in @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) from families with multiple affected members compared with their unaffected sibling(s). METHODS: : In-home structured retrospective medical history interviews by parent recall were conducted by a pediatric neurologist. Our analysis sample included information about GI health of 589 subjects with idiopathic, familial @entity72 and 163 of their unaffected sibling controls registered with @entity2438 Genetic Resource Exchange. Individuals with @entity72 were subgrouped into 3 @entity2438 severity groups (Full @entity2438 , Almost @entity2438 , and Spectrum) based on their @entity2438 Diagnostic Interview-Revised and @entity2438 Diagnostic Observation Scale scores. RESULTS: : Parents reported significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity72 (249/589; 42%) compared with their unaffected siblings (20/163; 12%) (p < .001). The 2 most common Gl problems in @entity1 with @entity72 were @entity1142 (116/589; 20%) and chronic @entity294 (111/589; 19%). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that having Full @entity2438 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.22-32.77) or Almost @entity2438 (AOR = 5.16, 95% CI 2.02-13.21) was most highly associated with experiencing @entity344 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity was associated with higher odds of @entity344 (AOR for trend = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.56-4.45). CONCLUSIONS: : Parents report significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with familial @entity72 , especially those with Full @entity2438 , than in their unaffected @entity1 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity is associated with increased odds of having @entity344 .

title: The prevalence of @entity344 in @entity1 across the United States with XXXX from families with multiple affected members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI problems']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : To perform a large registry-based study to determine the relative prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) problems in @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) from families with multiple affected members compared with their unaffected sibling(s). METHODS: : In-home structured retrospective medical history interviews by parent recall were conducted by a pediatric neurologist. Our analysis sample included information about GI health of 589 subjects with idiopathic, familial @entity72 and 163 of their unaffected sibling controls registered with @entity2438 Genetic Resource Exchange. Individuals with @entity72 were subgrouped into 3 @entity2438 severity groups (Full @entity2438 , Almost @entity2438 , and Spectrum) based on their @entity2438 Diagnostic Interview-Revised and @entity2438 Diagnostic Observation Scale scores. RESULTS: : Parents reported significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity72 (249/589; 42%) compared with their unaffected siblings (20/163; 12%) (p < .001). The 2 most common Gl problems in @entity1 with @entity72 were @entity1142 (116/589; 20%) and chronic @entity294 (111/589; 19%). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that having Full @entity2438 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.22-32.77) or Almost @entity2438 (AOR = 5.16, 95% CI 2.02-13.21) was most highly associated with experiencing @entity344 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity was associated with higher odds of @entity344 (AOR for trend = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.56-4.45). CONCLUSIONS: : Parents report significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with familial @entity72 , especially those with Full @entity2438 , than in their unaffected @entity1 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity is associated with increased odds of having @entity344 .

title: The prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 across the United States with @entity72 from families with multiple affected members.

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal problems']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : To perform a large registry-based study to determine the relative prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) problems in @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) from families with multiple affected members compared with their unaffected sibling(s). METHODS: : In-home structured retrospective medical history interviews by parent recall were conducted by a pediatric neurologist. Our analysis sample included information about GI health of 589 subjects with idiopathic, familial @entity72 and 163 of their unaffected sibling controls registered with @entity2438 Genetic Resource Exchange. Individuals with @entity72 were subgrouped into 3 @entity2438 severity groups (Full @entity2438 , Almost @entity2438 , and Spectrum) based on their @entity2438 Diagnostic Interview-Revised and @entity2438 Diagnostic Observation Scale scores. RESULTS: : Parents reported significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity72 (249/589; 42%) compared with their unaffected siblings (20/163; 12%) (p < .001). The 2 most common Gl problems in @entity1 with @entity72 were @entity1142 (116/589; 20%) and chronic @entity294 (111/589; 19%). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that having Full @entity2438 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.22-32.77) or Almost @entity2438 (AOR = 5.16, 95% CI 2.02-13.21) was most highly associated with experiencing @entity344 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity was associated with higher odds of @entity344 (AOR for trend = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.56-4.45). CONCLUSIONS: : Parents report significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with familial @entity72 , especially those with Full @entity2438 , than in their unaffected @entity1 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity is associated with increased odds of having @entity344 .

title: The prevalence of @entity344 in XXXX across the United States with @entity72 from families with multiple affected members.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In Japan in 2013, two @entity291 in the northwestern part of Kagoshima Prefecture developed @entity221 and @entity1282 and were suspected of having @entity66 . The @entity548 (EHDV) genome was detected from diseased and asymptomatic @entity291 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). High neutralization antibody titers to Ibaraki virus (IBAV) ranging from 1:128 to 1:1,024 were observed in the RT-PCR-positive @entity291 , and the virus was isolated in one of the IBAV-positive farms. A pairwise alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on the major outer coat protein VP2 encoded in segment 2 revealed a close relationship between the isolated viruses and previous IBAV isolates. The phylogeny of VP2 also suggested that an IBAV variant isolated in 1997 was distinct from IBAV and sorted into a heterogeneous serotype, EHDV serotype 7. The findings revealed the reemergence of @entity66 in Japan after a 26-year absence. Interestingly, the co-circulation of EHDV serotype 1 with IBAV was observed in the affected region, suggesting the potential reassortment between two heterogeneous serotypes in the field. Sentinel surveillance in Kagoshima Prefecture indicated that the incursion of IBAV occurred in October 2013 and that its spread was limited within the small area. Inadequate environmental temperatures for vector transmission in late autumn might have limited the virus spread to a wider region. The reemergence of @entity66 showed us the importance of continuous vaccination to prevent economic losses.

title: Reemergence of XXXX in southern Japan in 2013.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Ibaraki disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['epizootic hemorrhagic virus']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing difficulty']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Ibaraki disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We looked for microstructural corneal characteristics of @entity1036 ( @entity1036 ) in an in vivo investigation using laser scanning confocal microscopy. METHODS: Five @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean age, 51.8 years) with clinically diagnosed @entity1036 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo laser confocal microscopy. Deposits in selected confocal images of all corneal layers were evaluated qualitatively for shape and degree of light reflection. RESULTS: The most characteristic finding was aggregates of highly reflective deposits with a starburst-like appearance that corresponded with epithelial punctate lesions identified by slit-lamp biomicroscopy; the aggregates were sporadically observed in all cases at the superficial and basal epithelial cell layers. Subepithelial haze was observed in all cases. Langerhans cells were also sporadically observed in all cases at the basal epithelial layer. @entity33295 were observed in 3 of 5 cases; all these @entity1 had a long history of @entity1036 (eg, more than 1 year). In addition, the 3 @entity1 had highly reflective, tiny, needle-shaped materials in the @entity2687 . CONCLUSIONS: In vivo laser confocal microscopy is capable of identifying characteristic corneal microstructural changes related to @entity1036 with a higher resolution than is available with slit-lamp biomicroscopy. It may also be a valuable tool for further research to elucidate both pathogenesis and the natural course of @entity1036 .

title: In vivo laser confocal microscopy findings of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity33295 :: ('MESH:C535476', 'Disease') :: ['Bowman layer abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['TSPK', 'Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis']