abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in surgical techniques for the repair of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) include the use of an endoventricular patch to exclude the @entity439 . This technique has replaced conventional linear plication of the @entity439 . The endoventricular patch technique remodels the left ventricular cavity to a more physiological geometry that improves function. METHODS AND RESULTS: From December 1989 through November 1993, 45 @entity1 underwent an LVA repair with an endoventricular patch. This procedure was performed in association with coronary artery bypass grafting in 40 @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 (62.2%) also had nonguided encircling subendocardial incisions. Operative procedures included 7 emergency operations, 3 concomitant valve procedures, and a mean of 2.2 bypass grafts per @entity1 . Eight @entity1 had previous cardiac operations. Hospital mortality was 15.6% (7/45) for all @entity1 and 9.1% (3/33) for nonemergent revascularization and LVA repairs. Ejection fraction improved from a mean of 25.8% preoperatively to 37.8% postoperatively; the mean New York Heart Association classification improved from 3.5 to 1.5. Of @entity1 known to have preoperative @entity943 (inducible or @entity944 ), 69% were not inducible postoperatively without antiarrhythmic medication. Survival from late @entity204 (including death of unknown origin) was 86.5% at 2 years. Freedom from documented @entity943 was 94.3% at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the patch endoaneurysmorrhaphy technique can provide an excellent functional and physiological outcome in @entity1 with @entity1002 and severely @entity67 .

title: Endoventricular remodeling of XXXX . Functional, clinical, and electrophysiological results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'aneurysm cavity']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impaired ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVAs', 'left ventricular aneurysms']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: A retrospective study of 50 @entity1 undergoing reoperation for @entity295 was performed to evaluate the ability of commonly available clinical and laboratory tests to predict the findings at reoperation and the outcome after operation. The influence of @entity881 on these parameters was also studied. No laboratory finding helped to predict operative findings. Computed tomographic scanning (80% accurate) was the most helpful radiographic procedure. A low total lymphocyte count and a high serum @entity1011 level both predicted a fatal outcome. No single organ failure or combination predicted a positive reexploration. Infection was found in 75 per cent of @entity1 with @entity881 and 79 per cent of @entity1 who did not have this syndrome. @entity1 having three-organ failure did have a significantly higher mortality. The mortality of a negative reexploration was 18.2 per cent, slightly lower than the 28.2 per cent mortality of @entity1 with a positive exploration. No @entity1 without organ failure died. The authors conclude that laboratory tests are not helpful in predicting the presence of @entity281 on reexploration, that the decision to reoperate is one based primarily on clinical judgment, and that if reoperation is performed before the development of organ failure, the risk associated with a negative exploration is worth taking.

title: Reoperation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4772 associated with adult acquired @entity4434 is thought to result from hypophosphataemia and relative @entity10692 deficiency. We have followed the clinical and diagnostic features of @entity1 with @entity4772 associated with @entity4434 , with particular emphasis on their responses to treatment with @entity460 , @entity1391 and @entity560 . DESIGN: Retrospective Mayo Clinic case-note review from 1975 to 1994 and prospective follow-up study, combined with literature review. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 (7 male, 4 female) were identified who satisfied criteria for diagnosis of @entity4772 and @entity4434 . Twenty-five additional @entity1 were identified in a literature review from 1954 to the present. METHODS: Clinical history and physical examination, serum and urine bone and mineral parameter, X-ray radiography and iliac crest bone histomorphometry. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with typical symptoms of @entity4772 , including lower extremity or @entity1643 , and all had @entity174 , pseudofractures, and/or @entity79 on X-ray radiography. @entity4772 and @entity4434 were diagnosed concurrently in 10 @entity1 , whereas @entity4772 preceded diagnosis of @entity4434 by 5 years in one @entity1 . Pre-treatment bone biopsies in 9 of the 11 @entity1 demonstrated increased osteoid surface, volume and width. In the one @entity1 labelled with @entity803 prior to biopsy, mineralization lag time was prolonged at 111 days (normal 19.2 +/- 1.0 days). Hypophosphataemia, inappropriately low @entity10692 levels, @entity177 , and @entity520 due to @entity3157 leak and uraemia, contributed to the @entity4772 in these @entity1 . @entity3528 was present in two @entity1 . Eight of the 11 @entity1 with @entity4772 associated with @entity4434 had @entity74 , including multiple @entity1582 or @entity706 , many of them manifest by light-chain @entity644 . Over a mean @entity1 follow-up period of 46 months (range 1-239 months), @entity1 responded symptomatically to @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity560 replacement typically within 1-6 months. In 8 @entity1 in whom follow-up data were available, post-treatment serum @entity1391 and @entity10692 levels improved in the setting of stable mild @entity177 ; only one @entity1 developed @entity454 after 20 years, suggesting that these @entity1 do not invariably progress rapidly to @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the underlying cause, @entity4772 associated with adult acquired @entity4434 appears to respond well to @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity560 replacement. These @entity1 do not appear to necessarily require @entity10692 replacement.

title: @entity4772 associated with XXXX : clinical and diagnostic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back bone pain']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomalacia', 'osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['chronic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ["adult Fanconi's syndrome", "Fanconi's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity4434 :: (MESH:D005198,Disease) :: ['adult Fanconi's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4772 associated with adult acquired @entity4434 is thought to result from hypophosphataemia and relative @entity10692 deficiency. We have followed the clinical and diagnostic features of @entity1 with @entity4772 associated with @entity4434 , with particular emphasis on their responses to treatment with @entity460 , @entity1391 and @entity560 . DESIGN: Retrospective Mayo Clinic case-note review from 1975 to 1994 and prospective follow-up study, combined with literature review. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 (7 male, 4 female) were identified who satisfied criteria for diagnosis of @entity4772 and @entity4434 . Twenty-five additional @entity1 were identified in a literature review from 1954 to the present. METHODS: Clinical history and physical examination, serum and urine bone and mineral parameter, X-ray radiography and iliac crest bone histomorphometry. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with typical symptoms of @entity4772 , including lower extremity or @entity1643 , and all had @entity174 , pseudofractures, and/or @entity79 on X-ray radiography. @entity4772 and @entity4434 were diagnosed concurrently in 10 @entity1 , whereas @entity4772 preceded diagnosis of @entity4434 by 5 years in one @entity1 . Pre-treatment bone biopsies in 9 of the 11 @entity1 demonstrated increased osteoid surface, volume and width. In the one @entity1 labelled with @entity803 prior to biopsy, mineralization lag time was prolonged at 111 days (normal 19.2 +/- 1.0 days). Hypophosphataemia, inappropriately low @entity10692 levels, @entity177 , and @entity520 due to @entity3157 leak and uraemia, contributed to the @entity4772 in these @entity1 . @entity3528 was present in two @entity1 . Eight of the 11 @entity1 with @entity4772 associated with @entity4434 had @entity74 , including multiple @entity1582 or @entity706 , many of them manifest by light-chain @entity644 . Over a mean @entity1 follow-up period of 46 months (range 1-239 months), @entity1 responded symptomatically to @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity560 replacement typically within 1-6 months. In 8 @entity1 in whom follow-up data were available, post-treatment serum @entity1391 and @entity10692 levels improved in the setting of stable mild @entity177 ; only one @entity1 developed @entity454 after 20 years, suggesting that these @entity1 do not invariably progress rapidly to @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the underlying cause, @entity4772 associated with adult acquired @entity4434 appears to respond well to @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity560 replacement. These @entity1 do not appear to necessarily require @entity10692 replacement.

title: XXXX associated with @entity4434 : clinical and diagnostic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back bone pain']

answer: @entity4772 :: (MESH:D010018,Disease) :: ['Osteomalacia']


abstract: A brief description is presented of the long-term follow-up of four commonly encountered @entity13675 undergoing early surgical correction. Sequelae are not increased and probably even less frequent when compared to @entity1 undergoing surgery after two years of age. It is still too early, however, to establish whether or not certain manifestations, such as rhythm or conduction disturbances and @entity67 will develop at a later date. The prognosis of @entity1498 depends to a great extent on other associated lesions which can become serious over time and require additional surgical procedures. In the past, early surgery for large @entity1757 was poorly tolerated, but now the prognosis is particularly favorable. Persistent @entity854 such as stenoses of the pulmonary outflow tract can worsen the prognosis in @entity215 . In addition, it is especially important to recognize subsequent @entity943 due to their potentially serious nature. The most common procedures for transposition of the great arteries consist of @entity1700 which may later cause rhythm disturbances or venous stenoses. The long-term functional capacity of the right ventricle as a pump for the systemic circulation is not known. A general outline of follow-up care is presented.

title: [Outcome of @entity1 operated on for XXXX before 2 years of age. Foreseeable sequelae at adulthood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['auricular transposition of the venous returns']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathies']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity13675 :: (MESH:C536187,Disease) :: ['congenital cardiopathy']


abstract: A brief description is presented of the long-term follow-up of four commonly encountered @entity13675 undergoing early surgical correction. Sequelae are not increased and probably even less frequent when compared to @entity1 undergoing surgery after two years of age. It is still too early, however, to establish whether or not certain manifestations, such as rhythm or conduction disturbances and @entity67 will develop at a later date. The prognosis of @entity1498 depends to a great extent on other associated lesions which can become serious over time and require additional surgical procedures. In the past, early surgery for large @entity1757 was poorly tolerated, but now the prognosis is particularly favorable. Persistent @entity854 such as stenoses of the pulmonary outflow tract can worsen the prognosis in @entity215 . In addition, it is especially important to recognize subsequent @entity943 due to their potentially serious nature. The most common procedures for transposition of the great arteries consist of @entity1700 which may later cause rhythm disturbances or venous stenoses. The long-term functional capacity of the right ventricle as a pump for the systemic circulation is not known. A general outline of follow-up care is presented.

title: [Outcome of XXXX operated on for @entity13675 before 2 years of age. Foreseeable sequelae at adulthood].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The post-operative review of 81 @entity1 operated for a large interventricular communication before the age of two years reveals excellent results: the mean age at operation was 7 months, extracorporeal circulation was performed in 25 @entity1 for a mean duration of 77 minutes and profound @entity2332 to 18 degrees C was induced in 56 @entity1 . The atrial approach was used in 30% of cases. The mean follow-up period is 26 months. There was one case of @entity5036 , which was subsequently fitted with a pacemaker, 7 cases of @entity5036 and a @entity714 in the majority of cases. The pulmonary vascular resistance was virtually normal (a mean of 3.2 U.m-2 prior to the operation and a mean of 1.9 U.m-2 after the operation). The left ventricular volume, which was markedly increased in all @entity1 preoperatively, returned to normal with maintenance of a normal ejection fraction. The neuro-psychomotor behaviour was abnormal in 13 of the 63 @entity1 tested. These abnormalities are not related to the correction procedure, but to pre-existing pathology (small birth weight). 52 @entity1 from a series of 63 cases operated for @entity215 before the age of 2 years (median age 12 months) were also reviewed. Extracorporeal circulation lasting a mean of 115 minutes was performed in 31 @entity1 , @entity1167 under profound @entity2332 was induced in the other cases, for a mean duration of 61 minutes. The mean follow-up period was 29 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of the intracardiac repair of XXXX and interventricular communication before the age of 2 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bifascicular branch block', 'complete bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), clinical status and laboratory test results in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: 22 @entity1 (4 M/18F, mean age: 50 +/- 12 years, mean duration of @entity309 : 8.5 +/- 6.5 years, mean duration on @entity1500 : 8 +/- 10 months) were included in a prospective study. The mean dose of @entity1500 administered was 6 +/- 0.7 mg/m2 of body area/week. No @entity1 received any nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). Blood and urine samples were collected over 24 hours (9 blood samples). The @entity1500 concentrations were assayed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Clinical parameters (Ritchie articular index, morning @entity2693 , @entity158 count, joint swelling count), hematological, liver and renal function tests, and ESR were recorded. Correlations between the @entity1 ' PK parameters, laboratory tests and clinical status were carried out using Pearson's correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between the Ritchie articular index, morning @entity2693 and the area under the curve (p = 0.009 and p = 0.026, respectively). No correlation was found with the other parameters. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that when the @entity1 's disease activity is higher, the AUC becomes more important, reflecting a greater body exposure to @entity1500 .

title: Correlation between XXXX pharmacokinetic parameters, and clinical and biological status in @entity309 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), clinical status and laboratory test results in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: 22 @entity1 (4 M/18F, mean age: 50 +/- 12 years, mean duration of @entity309 : 8.5 +/- 6.5 years, mean duration on @entity1500 : 8 +/- 10 months) were included in a prospective study. The mean dose of @entity1500 administered was 6 +/- 0.7 mg/m2 of body area/week. No @entity1 received any nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). Blood and urine samples were collected over 24 hours (9 blood samples). The @entity1500 concentrations were assayed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Clinical parameters (Ritchie articular index, morning @entity2693 , @entity158 count, joint swelling count), hematological, liver and renal function tests, and ESR were recorded. Correlations between the @entity1 ' PK parameters, laboratory tests and clinical status were carried out using Pearson's correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between the Ritchie articular index, morning @entity2693 and the area under the curve (p = 0.009 and p = 0.026, respectively). No correlation was found with the other parameters. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that when the @entity1 's disease activity is higher, the AUC becomes more important, reflecting a greater body exposure to @entity1500 .

title: Correlation between @entity1499 pharmacokinetic parameters, and clinical and biological status in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), clinical status and laboratory test results in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: 22 @entity1 (4 M/18F, mean age: 50 +/- 12 years, mean duration of @entity309 : 8.5 +/- 6.5 years, mean duration on @entity1500 : 8 +/- 10 months) were included in a prospective study. The mean dose of @entity1500 administered was 6 +/- 0.7 mg/m2 of body area/week. No @entity1 received any nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). Blood and urine samples were collected over 24 hours (9 blood samples). The @entity1500 concentrations were assayed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Clinical parameters (Ritchie articular index, morning @entity2693 , @entity158 count, joint swelling count), hematological, liver and renal function tests, and ESR were recorded. Correlations between the @entity1 ' PK parameters, laboratory tests and clinical status were carried out using Pearson's correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between the Ritchie articular index, morning @entity2693 and the area under the curve (p = 0.009 and p = 0.026, respectively). No correlation was found with the other parameters. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that when the @entity1 's disease activity is higher, the AUC becomes more important, reflecting a greater body exposure to @entity1500 .

title: Correlation between @entity1499 pharmacokinetic parameters, and clinical and biological status in @entity309 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Proteolytic activity is important for @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Plasminogen and @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) constitute one of the most extensively studied proteolytic systems believed to participate in these processes. @entity2290 cleaves plasminogen to plasmin, which in turn degrades surrounding extracellular matrix and allows @entity5 cells to migrate to other areas. The specific receptor for @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) has also been implicated as an essential modulator in this pathway. Eleven paired samples of @entity14 and normal mucosal tissues from the same @entity1 were removed at surgery. The tissues were homogenized and the supernatants assayed for @entity2290 immunoreactivity, @entity2290 antigen concentration, @entity2290 binding activity and @entity2290 activity. Immunoblot analysis showed that a major @entity2290 species of approximately 55 kDa was present in all tissues. In addition, a protein band of approximately 41 kDa, which crossreacted with anti- @entity2290 antibodies, was also found in the @entity5 . This protein band was either absent, or present in relatively small amounts in the normal colorectal tissues. Cross-linking experiments showed that the approximately 55 kDa band only, and not the approximately 41 kDa band, was able to bind either single chain @entity2290 (scu-PA) or the @entity1472 terminal fragment of urokinase (ATF). The @entity5 samples also exhibited highly elevated @entity2290 activity and @entity2290 antigen relative to the corresponding normal tissues. Elevated @entity2290 activity appeared to correlate with elevated @entity2290 antigen in @entity14 , but not in the normal tissues. These increases were also associated with increase of the @entity2290 -related, low-molecular-weight protein in the @entity5 samples. The measurement of @entity2290 and the @entity2290 -related protein, in addition to @entity2290 activity, could have diagnostic or prognostic value in this type of @entity5 .

title: Increase of a urokinase receptor-related low-molecular-weight molecule in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'u-PAR']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successful in the treatment of newborns less than 1 week of age and greater than 2000 gm birthweight with @entity1576 resistant to current medical and surgical management. While VA ECMO supports the heart as well as the lungs, it has the disadvantage of requiring carotid artery ligation and the possibility of perfusing air bubbles or particles into the arterial tree. We have treated 11 newborns with @entity1576 with venovenous (VV) ECMO returning the oxygenated blood to a cannula in the distal iliac vein. We compared these @entity1 with 16 @entity1 treated during the same period of time with VA ECMO. Three of the 11 VV @entity1 required conversion to VA ECMO because of inadequate oxygenation and unstable hemodynamic situations. Ten of the 11 VV @entity1 survived. Eleven of the 16 VA @entity1 survived. The better survival in these @entity1 treated with VV ECMO is attributed to their more favorable initial condition compared to @entity1 treated with VA ECMO. The disadvantages of VV ECMO include a longer operative time to place the cannulas, groin wound problems, and persistent leg swelling along with the necessity to convert some @entity1 to VA ECMO. Although this experience demonstrates that newborns with severe @entity1576 can be supported with VV ECMO, the complications and lack of practical advantages over VA lead us to recommend VA ECMO for routine clinical use at present.

title: Venovenous perfusion in ECMO for newborn XXXX . A clinical comparison with venoarterial perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory insufficiency']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 47-year-old @entity1 without previously known illness was admitted to hospital because of acute haematomas in the legs: the history revealed no cause. The pale-looking @entity1 reported having large and foul-smelling stools once or twice daily. There were large haematomas and @entity4 on both legs. His general and nutritional state was reduced. "Bleeding of unknown origin" was suspected at this time. INVESTIGATIONS: @entity4121 concentration was 5.6 g/dl, while @entity68 was normal and ferritin reduced. Quick value was below 5%, activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged to 180 s. @entity904 and E concentrations were reduced; @entity1524 derivatives were not demonstrated in blood. Abdominal ultrasonography showed clearly thickened intestinal walls. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Four units of erythrocyte concentrate were immediately administered, together with 2000 IU factors II, VII, X and anti-haemophilic factor B (PPSB), and 10 mg @entity2067 intravenously. As @entity1944 was suspected, a @entity904 absorption test was performed: it indicated malabsorption. Upper intestinal endoscopy showed @entity66 , as did a biopsy. The @entity1 's state quickly improved after he had been given vitamins A, D, E and K and put on a gluten-free diet. CONCLUSION: @entity66 can take a clinically unremarkable course for a long time and may finally become manifest through an isolated abnormality, such as @entity548 .

title: [Endemic sprue: its first diagnosis based on XXXX complications].

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swellings']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity4121 :: ('CHEBI:35143', 'Chemical') :: ['Haemoglobin']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Recently, tissue adhesive material has been used to improve the initial control of @entity548 from huge esophagogastric varices, and to prevent them from rebleeding, in contrast to the conventional sclerotherapy. The present study assessed the value of the combined use of the tissue adhesive substance: @entity7548 and @entity8398 oleate 5% for management of @entity548 esophagogastric varices. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity1 with documented active variceal @entity548 at the time of endoscopy were alternatively randomized into two groups. The combined therapy group included 58 @entity1 who underwent injection using both cyanoacrylate for large esophageal and @entity2312 and a sclerosant agent for remaining varices. The @entity1463 , or control, group included 56 @entity1 , who underwent injection with @entity8398 oleate. RESULTS: This study proved the value of the combined therapy for the initial control of all bleeders (the follow-up period ranged from 12 to 32 months). In the @entity1463 group, failure of the initial control of @entity548 was reported in two cases (3.6%). Recurrent @entity548 occurred in 8.6% in the combined therapy group compared to 25% in the @entity1463 group (p < 0.01). Two months of therapy was required to achieve complete eradication of varices in 56.5% and 21.4% in the combined therapy and the @entity1463 group, respectively. The mean number of sessions needed until the time of evaluation was 2.4 +/- 1.1 in the combined therapy group versus 5.1 +/- 2.3 sessions in the @entity1463 group. The difference showed high statistical significance (p < 0.01). @entity532 occurred less frequently in the combined therapy group. Only one @entity1 in the combined therapy group developed @entity295 after extension of the tissue adhesive material from the site of injection into the portal vein. This @entity1 died of @entity1578 . The mortality in the combined therapy group was lower than that in the @entity1463 group (3.5% and 8.8% respectively, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined use of tissue adhesive and sclerosant materials seems to be the best plan for rapid eradication of esophagogastric varices within a short time, requiring the lowest number of injection sessions and involving minor complications and low mortality.

title: The value of combined use of XXXX and ethanolamine oleate in the management of @entity548 esophagogastric varices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['portal pyemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Minor complications']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

answer: @entity7548 :: (MESH:D004659,Chemical) :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Recently, tissue adhesive material has been used to improve the initial control of @entity548 from huge esophagogastric varices, and to prevent them from rebleeding, in contrast to the conventional sclerotherapy. The present study assessed the value of the combined use of the tissue adhesive substance: @entity7548 and @entity8398 oleate 5% for management of @entity548 esophagogastric varices. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity1 with documented active variceal @entity548 at the time of endoscopy were alternatively randomized into two groups. The combined therapy group included 58 @entity1 who underwent injection using both cyanoacrylate for large esophageal and @entity2312 and a sclerosant agent for remaining varices. The @entity1463 , or control, group included 56 @entity1 , who underwent injection with @entity8398 oleate. RESULTS: This study proved the value of the combined therapy for the initial control of all bleeders (the follow-up period ranged from 12 to 32 months). In the @entity1463 group, failure of the initial control of @entity548 was reported in two cases (3.6%). Recurrent @entity548 occurred in 8.6% in the combined therapy group compared to 25% in the @entity1463 group (p < 0.01). Two months of therapy was required to achieve complete eradication of varices in 56.5% and 21.4% in the combined therapy and the @entity1463 group, respectively. The mean number of sessions needed until the time of evaluation was 2.4 +/- 1.1 in the combined therapy group versus 5.1 +/- 2.3 sessions in the @entity1463 group. The difference showed high statistical significance (p < 0.01). @entity532 occurred less frequently in the combined therapy group. Only one @entity1 in the combined therapy group developed @entity295 after extension of the tissue adhesive material from the site of injection into the portal vein. This @entity1 died of @entity1578 . The mortality in the combined therapy group was lower than that in the @entity1463 group (3.5% and 8.8% respectively, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined use of tissue adhesive and sclerosant materials seems to be the best plan for rapid eradication of esophagogastric varices within a short time, requiring the lowest number of injection sessions and involving minor complications and low mortality.

title: The value of combined use of @entity7548 and ethanolamine oleate in the management of XXXX esophagogastric varices.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Information regarding outcome in @entity1 with psychogenic @entity410 (PNES) is limited. We attempted to contact 72 consecutive @entity1 with PNES confirmed by video-EEG monitoring: 51 of 72 (71%) were reached a mean of 15 months (range 12-27 months) after diagnosis and agreed to answer a structured telephone questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the number of PNES in the last 6 months, antiepileptic drug (AED) use, occupational status, global self-rating, and extent of psychotherapeutic treatments. PNES had ceased in 18 of 51 (35%), decreased > 80% in 21 of 51 (41%), and decreased < 80% in 12 of 51 (24%). Thirty-three of 51 (65%) were not taking AEDs. Occupational status improved in 20% and did not change in 75%. Overall, 29 of 51 (57%) rated themselves markedly improved and 15 of 51 (29%) rated themselves unchanged or worse. Persisting PNES were associated with longer duration of PNES before diagnosis (p < 0.02) and presence of additional @entity146 (p < 0.01). Persisting PNES were not associated with gender, presence of @entity302 , or extent of psychotherapeutic treatments after diagnosis. Placebo saline infusion had been administered in some @entity1 to help precipitate PNES. This did not affect the number of psychotherapy visits or outcome. We conclude that PNES cease or significantly decrease in most @entity1 , but occupational status does not improve as often. Earlier diagnosis may improve outcome.

title: Outcome after diagnosis of psychogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disease']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity3044 on neuromuscular transmission in the @entity35 diaphragm and the influence of adrenergic blocking agents on these actions were investigated.2. The resting membrane potential of the muscle fibre was increased by @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) up to 3-4 mV, but @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml.) had little effect.3. The amplitude and the half-decay time of the end-plate potential (e.p.p.) were increased by @entity1063 (1 x 10(-6) g/ml.), @entity1425 (1 x 10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (1-5 x 10(-6) g/ml.). The potentiation of the amplitude of the e.p.p. was greater with @entity1063 than with @entity1425 and @entity3044 .4. @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.), but not their amplitude. However, @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the amplitude of m.e.p.p.s without change in frequency. @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased both frequency and amplitude of m.e.p.p.s.5. @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the input resistance of the muscle membrane. The effect was blocked by the beta-blocker, @entity43671 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.), but not by the alpha-blocker, @entity5521 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.). @entity1063 did not change the input resistance of the muscle fibre.6. @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) augmented the extracellularly recorded end-plate current (e.p.c.), but they had no effect on the half duration, nor on the action current (a.c.) of the nerve terminal, nor on the synaptic delay. @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) had no effect on any of these parameters. The actions of @entity1063 and @entity1425 on e.p.c. were abolished by @entity5521 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.), but not by @entity43671 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.).7. @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) enhanced the amplitude of the @entity934 potential elicited by iontophoretic application of @entity934 . No such effect was produced by @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.).8. It was concluded that @entity1063 acts on the nerve ending increasing the release of transmitter, and that @entity3044 acts on the post-synaptic membrane enhancing the input resistance, while @entity1425 has both presynaptic and post-synaptic actions. The effect on the nerve ending is concerned with the alpha-action, whereas that on post-synaptic membrane with beta-action of the @entity2661 .

title: Effects of XXXX on the neuromuscular junction in the @entity35 diaphragm.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity43671 :: ('MESH:C084832', 'Chemical') :: ['pronethalol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity3044 on neuromuscular transmission in the @entity35 diaphragm and the influence of adrenergic blocking agents on these actions were investigated.2. The resting membrane potential of the muscle fibre was increased by @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) up to 3-4 mV, but @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml.) had little effect.3. The amplitude and the half-decay time of the end-plate potential (e.p.p.) were increased by @entity1063 (1 x 10(-6) g/ml.), @entity1425 (1 x 10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (1-5 x 10(-6) g/ml.). The potentiation of the amplitude of the e.p.p. was greater with @entity1063 than with @entity1425 and @entity3044 .4. @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.), but not their amplitude. However, @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the amplitude of m.e.p.p.s without change in frequency. @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased both frequency and amplitude of m.e.p.p.s.5. @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the input resistance of the muscle membrane. The effect was blocked by the beta-blocker, @entity43671 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.), but not by the alpha-blocker, @entity5521 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.). @entity1063 did not change the input resistance of the muscle fibre.6. @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) augmented the extracellularly recorded end-plate current (e.p.c.), but they had no effect on the half duration, nor on the action current (a.c.) of the nerve terminal, nor on the synaptic delay. @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) had no effect on any of these parameters. The actions of @entity1063 and @entity1425 on e.p.c. were abolished by @entity5521 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.), but not by @entity43671 (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.).7. @entity1425 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and @entity3044 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) enhanced the amplitude of the @entity934 potential elicited by iontophoretic application of @entity934 . No such effect was produced by @entity1063 (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.).8. It was concluded that @entity1063 acts on the nerve ending increasing the release of transmitter, and that @entity3044 acts on the post-synaptic membrane enhancing the input resistance, while @entity1425 has both presynaptic and post-synaptic actions. The effect on the nerve ending is concerned with the alpha-action, whereas that on post-synaptic membrane with beta-action of the @entity2661 .

title: Effects of @entity2661 on the neuromuscular junction in the XXXX diaphragm.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The outcome of @entity884 remains poor. It has an overall mortality of around 30%, rising in high-risk subgroups to 50% and 100%. The prognosis can be improved by identification of high-risk @entity1 and special management. @entity1 with @entity884 are found to be at high risk for @entity204 or serious complications when one or more of the following factors exist: old age (especially > 60 years old), delayed diagnosis, @entity1793 , @entity886 , large @entity340 , @entity712 , @entity149 or coronary artery, prosthetic @entity281 , recurrent events, and failed antibiotic therapy. These factors often coexist and interrelate with one another. Early diagnosis and active treatment are critical for a better clinical outcome. However, @entity884 is difficult to diagnose because of the atypical clinical manifestations and frequent negative results from blood culture. Echocardiography plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis and management of suspected or known @entity884 . By detecting and monitoring certain pathological changes associated with the disease, e.g. vegetation, @entity733 formation, or @entity340 , echocardiography helps to diagnose the disease early, to identify @entity1 at high risk, to monitor the @entity1 , and to optimize the timing and mode of surgical intervention. Serious complications can thus be avoided or cured at an early stage and the prognosis significantly improved.

title: Identification of high-risk subgroups in XXXX and the role of echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['embolization in the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['valve infection']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular vegetation', 'valvular destruction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity1377 muscle due to @entity583 was encountered in 14 @entity1 during the period 1975-1983. Five of the 14 @entity1 had a history of @entity951 and two had a history of prior @entity583 . Eleven @entity1 with @entity583 developed @entity158 due to @entity741 and/or a murmur of @entity339 and @entity3126 within a week, 3 others had a prolonged course with intermittent @entity158 due to @entity741 and breathlessness for longer periods and then deteriorated. Thirteen of our 14 @entity1 developed a murmur and all but one had @entity3126 on the chest x-ray. Five @entity1 had @entity1188 patterns on the electrocardiogram, the remainder of the @entity1 had only ST- and T-wave changes. Echocardiograms showed fine flutter and notching of the anterior mitral leaflets and vigorous contractions of the left ventricle. Only one @entity1 was demonstrated to have a papillary muscle tip prolapsing into the left atrium on two-dimensional echocardiography. Twelve @entity1 underwent surgery and 8 survived. Seven @entity1 had single-vessel @entity301 , 4 involving the circumflex system and 3 involving the right coronary system. Four of the 7 @entity1 with single-vessel @entity301 survived surgery. Five @entity1 went to surgery with the intra-aortic balloon pump in place and only 3 survived. Three others had the pump inserted intraoperatively and 2 of these survived. Six of 9 @entity1 who had mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass survived. Ejection fraction ranged from 40 to 79%. Surgical survival did seem to be related to the extent of @entity121 , with the best results occurring in the group with a small portion of the @entity397 . Seven @entity1 had a stormy clinical course and required surgery within 10 days of @entity397 . Four of these 7 survived. It seems reasonable to believe that these @entity1 who often have small @entity1188 and limited @entity301 have good potential for survival. Our approach has been to move toward surgery once the diagnosis is made to avoid the sudden deterioration that frequently occurs. The surgical mortality in this group remains in the 30 to 40% range.

title: @entity1377 muscle, a complication of XXXX : clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Ruptured papillary']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tip ruptured', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'additional pain']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle rupture']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity1377 muscle due to @entity583 was encountered in 14 @entity1 during the period 1975-1983. Five of the 14 @entity1 had a history of @entity951 and two had a history of prior @entity583 . Eleven @entity1 with @entity583 developed @entity158 due to @entity741 and/or a murmur of @entity339 and @entity3126 within a week, 3 others had a prolonged course with intermittent @entity158 due to @entity741 and breathlessness for longer periods and then deteriorated. Thirteen of our 14 @entity1 developed a murmur and all but one had @entity3126 on the chest x-ray. Five @entity1 had @entity1188 patterns on the electrocardiogram, the remainder of the @entity1 had only ST- and T-wave changes. Echocardiograms showed fine flutter and notching of the anterior mitral leaflets and vigorous contractions of the left ventricle. Only one @entity1 was demonstrated to have a papillary muscle tip prolapsing into the left atrium on two-dimensional echocardiography. Twelve @entity1 underwent surgery and 8 survived. Seven @entity1 had single-vessel @entity301 , 4 involving the circumflex system and 3 involving the right coronary system. Four of the 7 @entity1 with single-vessel @entity301 survived surgery. Five @entity1 went to surgery with the intra-aortic balloon pump in place and only 3 survived. Three others had the pump inserted intraoperatively and 2 of these survived. Six of 9 @entity1 who had mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass survived. Ejection fraction ranged from 40 to 79%. Surgical survival did seem to be related to the extent of @entity121 , with the best results occurring in the group with a small portion of the @entity397 . Seven @entity1 had a stormy clinical course and required surgery within 10 days of @entity397 . Four of these 7 survived. It seems reasonable to believe that these @entity1 who often have small @entity1188 and limited @entity301 have good potential for survival. Our approach has been to move toward surgery once the diagnosis is made to avoid the sudden deterioration that frequently occurs. The surgical mortality in this group remains in the 30 to 40% range.

title: XXXX muscle, a complication of @entity583 : clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['Ruptured papillary']


abstract: Ventricular late potentials have been identified as a prognostic factor in the prediction of @entity943 in @entity1 after @entity583 . In this prospective study the possible impact of late potentials on the prediction of @entity943 in the short- and long-term follow-up after coronary artery bypass grafting was evaluated. In 188 @entity1 (165 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 , age 57 +/- 8 years) with chronic @entity301 48 (26%) had late potentials before bypass grafting; after the procedure this was reduced to 39 (21%) (ns). In 16 (33%) of the 48 @entity1 with late potentials before bypass grafting, late potentials were no longer present in the short-term follow-up (9 +/- 6 days). Conversely, seven (5%) of the 140 @entity1 without late potentials before bypass grafting had late potentials in the short-term follow-up after grafting. Nine (19%) of the 48 @entity1 with late potentials before bypass grafting had @entity943 in the peri-operative phase, which had to be treated with antiarrhythmic agents. In contrast, only three (2%) of the 140 @entity1 without late potentials before bypass grafting had to be treated for @entity943 (P < 0.001). In the long-term follow-up of 29 +/- 3 months, there were no events in the group of 149 @entity1 without late potentials after grafting. In the 39 @entity1 with late potentials after grafting, there were two (5%) events (two @entity1 with @entity1163 ). CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity1 with late potentials before bypass grafting have a markedly higher risk of developing serious @entity943 in the peri-operative period than @entity1 without late potentials. (2) @entity1 without late potentials have a very low risk of developing serious @entity943 in the peri-operative period. (3) During long-term follow-up there was only a low probability of developing symptomatic @entity943 in @entity1 with or without late potentials.

title: Influence of coronary artery bypass grafting on ventricular late potentials as a predictive factor for XXXX during short- and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic syncope']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: A liposome-entrapped liposome form of @entity632 (Lip-ADM) has been demonstrated to cause less myocardial and gastrointestinal @entity137 than free ADM. In the present study, Lip-ADM prepared by the remote loading method was administered to 3 @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 via a reservoir with the catheter located in the proper hepatic artery. The @entity5 was @entity356 in 2 @entity1 and sigmoid @entity694 in 1. Lip-ADM was administered at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg per time. The total ADM dose was 170, 490, and 760 mg, respectively. No severe adverse effects, such as @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity3136 , @entity1665 or @entity1370 , were observed in any of the @entity1 . Although mild @entity1431 (2,800/microliters) was observed in 1 @entity1 , @entity417 or @entity882 did not occur. The survival time was respectively 6, 15, and 17 months from the start of Lip-ADM administration. A partial response was obtained in 1 @entity1 and stable disease in 1 @entity1 . Administration of Lip-ADM via a reservoir appears to be a useful treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 , since the low @entity137 of this preparation allows an increase of the total dose of ADM.

title: Intra-arterial liposomal XXXX for metastatic @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: A liposome-entrapped liposome form of @entity632 (Lip-ADM) has been demonstrated to cause less myocardial and gastrointestinal @entity137 than free ADM. In the present study, Lip-ADM prepared by the remote loading method was administered to 3 @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 via a reservoir with the catheter located in the proper hepatic artery. The @entity5 was @entity356 in 2 @entity1 and sigmoid @entity694 in 1. Lip-ADM was administered at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg per time. The total ADM dose was 170, 490, and 760 mg, respectively. No severe adverse effects, such as @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity3136 , @entity1665 or @entity1370 , were observed in any of the @entity1 . Although mild @entity1431 (2,800/microliters) was observed in 1 @entity1 , @entity417 or @entity882 did not occur. The survival time was respectively 6, 15, and 17 months from the start of Lip-ADM administration. A partial response was obtained in 1 @entity1 and stable disease in 1 @entity1 . Administration of Lip-ADM via a reservoir appears to be a useful treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 , since the low @entity137 of this preparation allows an increase of the total dose of ADM.

title: Intra-arterial liposomal @entity632 for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the liver']


abstract: The records of 102 @entity1 with brain abscesses treated over 17 years were analyzed. In recent years, cardiac and pulmonary causes were less frequent, the abscesses were smaller, and fewer @entity1 were in poor @entity16 . There has been no significant change in the type or number of infective organisms or in the number of abscesses during the study period. Computed tomographic brain scanning was the most important factor in reducing the mortality rate from 41% to 4%. The @entity1 were grouped according to the treatment received: excision (n = 46), @entity1173 (n = 33), or nonsurgical therapy (n = 17). @entity1 treated nonsurgically were more likely to have smaller abscesses and multiple lesions than were @entity1 in the other two groups. There were no significant differences in the morbidity or mortality rates between treatment groups. @entity1 whose abscesses were excised had a significantly shorter course of antibiotics than the other @entity1 . Organisms were identified in 85% of the cultures from surgical specimens. The use of preoperative antibiotics was significantly associated with sterile cultures; 30% of @entity1 who received antibiotics preoperatively had sterile cultures, compared with only 4% of @entity1 who did not receive such treatment. The mortality rate among all treated @entity1 (the diagnosis of @entity867 was missed in 6 @entity1 before computed tomographic scanning became routine) was significantly related to the initial neurological grade and the size of the lesion but not to age, sex, or the number of abscesses. Four of the 8 treated @entity1 who died had @entity299 ; an aggressive surgical approach is recommended for such @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Trends in the management of XXXX : a review of 102 cases over 17 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cyanotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['bacterial brain abscesses']


abstract: 256 @entity1 of the years 1965-1979 who suffered from @entity189 stage T1b were reviewed. Most of the neoplasmas were @entity957 (81%). By @entity5 screening only 21% of the @entity189 were detected. The treatment was in most of the cases a radical hysterectomy (Wertheim-Meigs). Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in cases of poor differentiated @entity189 of if lymphatic nodes had been occupied by the @entity5 . Thus only 43 @entity1 had no radiotherapy. A 5 year-follow-up was possible in 151 cases. @entity1 older than 40 year showed a better prognosis than younger @entity1 . @entity1 treated only by radiotherapy had a five year survival rate of 88%. No difference in prognosis was observed, if radiotherapy was additionally performed. There was no significant difference of severe complications in either forms of treatment.

title: XXXX stage T1b. A 15 years review of 256 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'collum carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: 1. An isolated gastrocnemius muscle from cat was perfused with a modified Ringer fluid containing the extracellular tracers @entity2656 , @entity969 and inulin and in some cases tritiated water (HTO). When equilibration of the tracers between the perfusate and the tissue was obtained, perfusion with tracer-free fluid was started.2. The fractional rate of escape, @entity14243 (t), of the tracers was followed. For all tracers it declined steadily with time. The rate of decline was faster for the smaller extracellular molecules when any combination of two extracellular tracers was studied.3. Arrest of flow for 1-2 min lead to an increase in @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers when flow was resumed. There was little or no effect upon @entity14243 (t) for HTO.4. Doubling the rate of flow had no effect upon @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers, while that of HTO increased.5. We conclude that the cause of the decline in @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers is concentration gradients in the interstitial space. The findings raise problems in methods for studying capillary permeability by means of the fractional rate of escape of tracers from the interstitial space into the vascular system.

title: The penetration of inulin, XXXX , @entity2656 and tritiated water from the interstitial space in muscle into the vascular system.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: 1. An isolated gastrocnemius muscle from cat was perfused with a modified Ringer fluid containing the extracellular tracers @entity2656 , @entity969 and inulin and in some cases tritiated water (HTO). When equilibration of the tracers between the perfusate and the tissue was obtained, perfusion with tracer-free fluid was started.2. The fractional rate of escape, @entity14243 (t), of the tracers was followed. For all tracers it declined steadily with time. The rate of decline was faster for the smaller extracellular molecules when any combination of two extracellular tracers was studied.3. Arrest of flow for 1-2 min lead to an increase in @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers when flow was resumed. There was little or no effect upon @entity14243 (t) for HTO.4. Doubling the rate of flow had no effect upon @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers, while that of HTO increased.5. We conclude that the cause of the decline in @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers is concentration gradients in the interstitial space. The findings raise problems in methods for studying capillary permeability by means of the fractional rate of escape of tracers from the interstitial space into the vascular system.

title: The penetration of inulin, @entity969 , XXXX and tritiated water from the interstitial space in muscle into the vascular system.

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: The effect of bursa of Fabricius on the endocrine function of the @entity1573 testis was studied using an isolated testis cell preparation. @entity251 secretion, both basal and under @entity3566 stimulation, was measured in the incubation medium. The bursal extract inhibited the response of the testis cells to @entity3566 detected as a reduced @entity251 secretion. The normal basal secretion of the testis cells was not modified by the bursal extract. To analyze some characteristics of the bursal factor, fractions of approximately known molecular weight were obtained by filtering through Amicon membranes. The active factor was found in the fraction corresponding to 1000-10000 Da. Its activity disappeared after heating of trypsin incubation, suggesting the peptidic nature of the bursal factor. Tissue extracts from gut and spleen did not modify the @entity3566 response of the testis cells. There was inhibition of the @entity3566 response by thymus extracts of the newly hatched @entity1573 . These results add new evidence of a modulatory effect of the immunogenic organs on the endocrine function of the testis in the newly hatched @entity1573 .

title: A factor from bursa of Fabricius inhibits in vitro the chorionic gonadotropin response of the XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most earlier studies indicated that the eye's crystalline lens grows continually throughout life, but cross-sectional results of crystalline lens thinning during childhood have been reported. The authors investigated crystalline lens thickness in childhood using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. METHODS: The Orinda Longitudinal Study of @entity1714 is a community-based study of normal eye growth and @entity1714 development in school-age @entity1 . During a 1-to 3-year period, A-scan ultrasonographic lens thickness measurements of 869 @entity1 6 through 14 years of age were analyzed. RESULTS: On average, between the ages of 6 and 10 years, the crystalline lens thins in its axial dimension by almost 0.2 mm. This thinning can be depicted by a cubic model. In this sample, the @entity1 with @entity1714 had thinner crystalline lenses than the @entity1 with emmetropia of the same age. CONCLUSIONS: This article provides the first longitudinal evidence that the crystalline lens thins during the period of coordinated ocular growth between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Further, it shows that lens thickness is associated with @entity2516 . Thinner crystalline lenses in @entity1 with @entity1714 may result from one of two underlying mechanisms: Either the crystalline lens exhausts its ability to compensate for axial elongation after undergoing accelerated lens thinning before the onset of @entity1714 , or the crystalline lens in the @entity735 may be thinner throughout childhood, during which it thins at a rate consistent with other @entity2516 . If @entity851 , more complex, visually guided feedback loops may not be needed to explain the normal eye growth that results in emmetropization.

title: Longitudinal evidence of crystalline lens thinning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical forces link eye growth to crystalline lens compensation']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eye']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although medial calcification of larger elastic arteries in @entity454 and with advancing age is relatively common, calcification of the cutaneous vascular system is rare. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe three @entity1 with the vascular @entity39 and review the cause, clinical and pathologic features, and treatment of this syndrome. METHODS: We describe three @entity1 with @entity63 and underlying @entity729 . The clinical setting was abnormal @entity460 metabolism from either @entity454 or excessive @entity560 intake. RESULTS: The clinical findings in all @entity1 consisted of multiple tender livedoid nodules and ulcerative plaques on the thighs and legs, which developed in the setting of abnormal @entity460 metabolism from either @entity454 or excessive @entity560 intake. Histologic study demonstrated @entity729 . Although this syndrome usually has a chronic course with significant morbidity and mortality, subtotal parathyroidectomy followed by kidney transplantation resulted in complete resolution in one of our @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The clinical and histopathologic findings in the vascular @entity39 are unique. The pathogenesis is likely multifactorial. Treatment for the @entity272 is largely supportive.

title: The vascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic necrotic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['calcification-cutaneous necrosis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification', 'cutaneous vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['calcification-cutaneous necrosis syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1119 of the palms, axillae, and face has a strong negative impact on the quality of life for many @entity1 . Existing nonsurgical therapeutic options are far from ideal. Definitive cure can be obtained by upper thoracic sympathectomy. The traditional open surgical technique is a major procedure; few @entity1 and doctors have found that risk-benefit considerations favor surgery. Endoscopic minimal invasive surgical techniques are now available. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether endoscopic ablation of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain is efficient and safe in the treatment of @entity1119 . METHODS: We treated 850 @entity1 with bilateral endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy. RESULTS: There was no mortality or life-threatening complication. Nine @entity1 (1%) required intercostal drainage because of hemothorax or pneumothorax. Treatment failure occurred in 18 cases (2%) and symptoms recurred in 17 @entity1 (2%). At the end of follow-up (median, 31 months) 98% of the @entity1 reported satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy is an efficient, safe, and minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of palmar, axillary, and facial @entity1119 .

title: Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy: an efficient and safe method for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis', 'Hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation (CA) is considered the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ). However, there is a tendency to avoid CA in the elderly because of a presumed increased risk of periprocedural atrioventricular (AV) @entity616 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective registry was to assess age-related differences in the efficacy and safety of CA within a large population with @entity2917 . METHODS: A total of 3,234 consecutive @entity1 from 48 German trial centers who underwent CA of @entity2917 between March 2007 and May 2010 were enrolled in this study. The cohort was divided into three age groups: <50 years (group 1, n = 1,268 [39.2%]; median age = 40 [30.0-45.0] years, 74.1% @entity1 ), 50-75 years old (group 2, n = 1,707 [52.8%]; 63.0 [58.0-69.0] years, 63.0% @entity1 ), and > 75 years old (group 3, n = 259 [8.0%]; 79.0 [77.0-82.0] years, 50.6% @entity1 ). RESULTS: CA was performed with radiofrequency current (RFC) in 97.7% and cryoablation technology in 2.3% of all cases. No differences were observed among the three groups with regard to primary CA success rate (98.7% vs. 98.8 % vs. 98.5%; P = .92) and overall procedure duration (75.0 minutes [50.0-105.0]; P = .93). Hemodynamically stable pericardial effusion occurred in five group 2 (0.3%) and two group 3 (0.8%) @entity1 but in none of the group 1 (P <.05) @entity1 . Complete @entity713 requiring permanent pacemaker implantation occurred in two @entity1 in group 1 (0.2%) and six @entity1 in group 2 (0.4%) but none in group 3 (P = 0.41). During a median follow-up period of 511.5 days (396.0-771.0), @entity2917 recurrence occurred in 5.7% of all @entity1 . @entity1 >75 years (group 3) had a significantly longer hospital stay (3.0 days [2.0-5.0]) compared with group 1 (2.0 days [1.0-2.0]) or group 2 (2.0 days [1.0-3.0]) @entity1 (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: CA of @entity2917 is highly effective and safe and does not pose an increased risk for complete @entity713 in @entity1 over 75 years of age, despite a higher prevalence of structural @entity299 . Antiarrhythmic drug therapy is often ineffective in this age group; thus, CA for @entity2917 should be considered the preferred treatment even in elderly @entity1 .

title: Ablation of XXXX in the elderly: results from the German Ablation Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AVNRT', 'atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nodal block']

answer: @entity2917 :: (MESH:D013611,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']


abstract: 1. The rate of water uptake across the skin was investigated in live @entity25384 , an euryhaline frog which has been reported to tolerate sea water. When they were exposed to distilled water at 29 degrees C, the rate of water uptake was 8.4 +/- 0.4 mul./cm(2).hr; when bathed in solutions ranging from 30 to 570 m-osmole/l., irrespective of whether the solute was @entity969 , @entity1133 or @entity1219 , the rate of fluid uptake during the first day was inversely related to the osmolarity of the solution. No appreciable fluid movement was observed when the bathing solution had an osmolar concentration of 270 m-osmole/l.2. The rate of fluid uptake was not affected by injections of @entity1951 , @entity398 or of extracts of amphibian or @entity35 pituitary glands, irrespective of whether @entity25384 were bathed in distilled water or in solutions of @entity1219 or @entity969 .3. In @entity29877 , in contrast with @entity25384 , injections of neurohypophysial extracts produced a marked increase of the rate of fluid uptake.4. In the laboratory, @entity25384 could be acclimatized stepwise to tolerate @entity1219 solutions up to 700 m-osmole/l. for 7 days.5. After 24 hr exposure either to distilled water or to @entity1219 solutions from 100 to 670 m-osmole/l., the osmolar concentration of the plasma of @entity25384 was always higher than that of the bathing fluid. In R. pipiens or R. temporaria plasma osmolar concentration was higher than that of the bathing fluid only when the latter did not exceed 300 m-osmole/l.6. Under all conditions investigated, the osmolar concentration of the urine of @entity25384 was always lower than that of the plasma.7. The amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities of pituitary glands of @entity25384 kept in distilled water or in @entity1219 solutions up to 300 m-osmole/l. were 8.9 +/- 0.8 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland, irrespective of sex or body weight within the range 30-50 g. After 3 days exposure to hypertonic @entity1219 solutions, the amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities were 14.7 +/- 1.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland. In both instances the pressor/oxytocic ratio was 4.9. Pituitary glands of R. temporaria similarly showed increased pressor and oxytocic activities after exposure to @entity1219 solutions of 300-360 m-osmole/l.

title: Water uptake by the XXXX @entity25384 , as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity25384 :: ('111367', 'Species') :: ['Rana cancrivora', 'R. cancrivora']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity29877 :: ('30335', 'Species') :: ['Bufo melanostictus']

answer: @entity25384 :: (111367,Species) :: ['crab-eating frog']


abstract: 1. The rate of water uptake across the skin was investigated in live @entity25384 , an euryhaline frog which has been reported to tolerate sea water. When they were exposed to distilled water at 29 degrees C, the rate of water uptake was 8.4 +/- 0.4 mul./cm(2).hr; when bathed in solutions ranging from 30 to 570 m-osmole/l., irrespective of whether the solute was @entity969 , @entity1133 or @entity1219 , the rate of fluid uptake during the first day was inversely related to the osmolarity of the solution. No appreciable fluid movement was observed when the bathing solution had an osmolar concentration of 270 m-osmole/l.2. The rate of fluid uptake was not affected by injections of @entity1951 , @entity398 or of extracts of amphibian or @entity35 pituitary glands, irrespective of whether @entity25384 were bathed in distilled water or in solutions of @entity1219 or @entity969 .3. In @entity29877 , in contrast with @entity25384 , injections of neurohypophysial extracts produced a marked increase of the rate of fluid uptake.4. In the laboratory, @entity25384 could be acclimatized stepwise to tolerate @entity1219 solutions up to 700 m-osmole/l. for 7 days.5. After 24 hr exposure either to distilled water or to @entity1219 solutions from 100 to 670 m-osmole/l., the osmolar concentration of the plasma of @entity25384 was always higher than that of the bathing fluid. In R. pipiens or R. temporaria plasma osmolar concentration was higher than that of the bathing fluid only when the latter did not exceed 300 m-osmole/l.6. Under all conditions investigated, the osmolar concentration of the urine of @entity25384 was always lower than that of the plasma.7. The amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities of pituitary glands of @entity25384 kept in distilled water or in @entity1219 solutions up to 300 m-osmole/l. were 8.9 +/- 0.8 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland, irrespective of sex or body weight within the range 30-50 g. After 3 days exposure to hypertonic @entity1219 solutions, the amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities were 14.7 +/- 1.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland. In both instances the pressor/oxytocic ratio was 4.9. Pituitary glands of R. temporaria similarly showed increased pressor and oxytocic activities after exposure to @entity1219 solutions of 300-360 m-osmole/l.

title: Water uptake by the @entity25384 XXXX , as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones.

answer: @entity25384 :: (111367,Species) :: ['Rana cancrivora']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess whether @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a South Korean population. We conducted a population-based, large-scale, case-control study including 3939 @entity1 with @entity2 and 1700 controls. @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of @entity876 codon 72 polymorphisms ( @entity534 / @entity534 , @entity534 /Pro, and Pro/Pro) in @entity2 were 37.0%, 46.2%, and 16.7%, respectively; frequencies in the controls were 43.2%, 45.6%, and 11.2%, respectively (p<0.01). The @entity534 /Pro and Pro/Pro genotype were significantly associated with increased risk of @entity2 (odds ratio (OR)=1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.14 and OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.48-2.26, respectively) compared with the @entity534 / @entity534 genotype. Risk was compared in different subgroups. The OR of Pro/Pro genotype was significantly higher in @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) than in @entity420 ( @entity420 ). Higher OR of Pro/Pro genotype was also seen among males. However, relationships between gender, age, smoking, and genotypes were not found. @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of @entity2 in this Korean population; the association was especially noteworthy in @entity957 , @entity151 , and males.

title: @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of XXXX in a Korean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SQC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ADC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess whether @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a South Korean population. We conducted a population-based, large-scale, case-control study including 3939 @entity1 with @entity2 and 1700 controls. @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of @entity876 codon 72 polymorphisms ( @entity534 / @entity534 , @entity534 /Pro, and Pro/Pro) in @entity2 were 37.0%, 46.2%, and 16.7%, respectively; frequencies in the controls were 43.2%, 45.6%, and 11.2%, respectively (p<0.01). The @entity534 /Pro and Pro/Pro genotype were significantly associated with increased risk of @entity2 (odds ratio (OR)=1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.14 and OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.48-2.26, respectively) compared with the @entity534 / @entity534 genotype. Risk was compared in different subgroups. The OR of Pro/Pro genotype was significantly higher in @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) than in @entity420 ( @entity420 ). Higher OR of Pro/Pro genotype was also seen among males. However, relationships between gender, age, smoking, and genotypes were not found. @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of @entity2 in this Korean population; the association was especially noteworthy in @entity957 , @entity151 , and males.

title: XXXX codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of @entity2 in a Korean population.

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Few studies have examined the rate of @entity130 for those attending summer camps and other recreational facilities. We developed a surveillance system for the 1985 National @entity1 Scout Jamboree to determine the incidence, nature, and cause of @entity130 among @entity1 . To characterize the more severe @entity130 among scouts, we monitored referral visits to an onsite Army hospital. During the 9 day event there was a total of 179 @entity130 requiring referral visits among the 24,885 scouts, for an overall incidence of 8.5 @entity130 per 10,000 @entity1 -days. Twenty-eight @entity130 (16%) involved @entity174 . Ten @entity130 required hospitalization, for an overall rate of 0.5 per 10,000 @entity1 -days. Thirty-six (20%) of the @entity130 occurred during six organized athletic activities. Of these six, two new Jamboree activities, the bucking bronco and bicycle motocross racing, had the highest event-specific rates, 14.4 and 11.4 @entity130 per 10,000 @entity1 , respectively. These two events also accounted for one-third of all @entity174 . In contrast, there were no firearm-related @entity130 among the 32,616 @entity1 in riflery events. This simple and inexpensive surveillance system provided a mechanism for monitoring activity modifications, as well as useful information for the selection and planning of organized activities at future Jamborees and similar recreational events.

title: Injury surveillance at the 1985 National XXXX Scout Jamboree.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Boy', 'person']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Boy']


abstract: Helmets are effective in decreasing maxillofacial @entity130 in motorcycle crashes. The impact, however, of motorcycle crashes on the location and patterns of @entity2122 among helmeted versus unhelmeted @entity1 has not been examined. In the present study, 331 injured motorcyclists were evaluated to compare the incidence of craniofacial and @entity3510 in 77 (23%) helmeted and 254 (77%) nonhelmeted @entity1 . Nonhelmeted motorcyclists were three times more likely to @entity174 (5.2% vs. 16.1%) than those wearing helmets (p < 0.01). Skull @entity174 occurred in only one helmeted @entity1 (1.2%), compared with 36 (12.3%) of nonhelmeted @entity1 (p < or = 0.01). The incidence of @entity3510 was not significantly different between the two groups. Blood @entity167 levels demonstrated that 12% of the helmeted group were legally intoxicated (blood @entity167 level > 100 mg/dL), in contrast to 37.9% of the nonhelmeted motorcyclists (p < or = 0.01). Failure to wear a helmet resulted in a significantly higher incidence of @entity2122 among @entity1 involved in motorcycle crashes, but did not affect @entity3510 or mortality. @entity167 usage seemed to correlate with failure to use helmets. Helmet use should be legally mandated on a national level for all motorcyclists.

title: Craniofacial XXXX in injured motorcyclists: the impact of helmet usage.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial injuries', 'craniofacial injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['suffer facial fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the efficacy of @entity3278 :yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser welding of flaps in @entity235 arteries and in securing the distal flap during @entity1 carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: Endarterectomy flaps were created in both common carotid and both common femoral arteries in 12 @entity235 . The flaps were repaired with either the neodymium:yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser or with 6-0 @entity7502 sutures. The arteries were removed after duplex scanning at either 7 or 28 days. Eighteen high carotid endarterectomy flaps in 16 @entity1 have been subsequently secured with the laser welding technique. RESULTS: Laser repairs (125 +/- 19 joule) of the @entity235 arteries were completed more quickly than suture repairs (mean 25 seconds vs 135 seconds, respectively; p < 0.04). Duplex ultrasonography revealed no discernable differences between the two groups of arteries. Arteries studied at 7 days revealed three microscopic flaps (two suture, one laser), more subintimal fibroblastic proliferation in suture than laser-repaired carotid arteries (3: 1, p = 0.0530), and similar amounts of @entity32 in suture- and laser-repaired arteries. Arteries studied at 28 days revealed one microscopic intimal flap (suture-repaired); equal fibroblastic and inflammatory responses in suture- and laser-repaired vessels; and no evidence of laser thermal injury. Eighteen carotid endarterectomy flaps have been successfully fused with no immediate or long-term complications in 16 @entity1 (follow-up of 0 to 24 months). CONCLUSION: Laser fusion appears to be a safe and effective method for securing distal carotid endarterectomy flaps.

title: @entity3278 :yttrium- XXXX -garnet laser fusion of endarterectomy flaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity3775 :: (MESH:D000535,Chemical) :: ['aluminum']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the efficacy of @entity3278 :yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser welding of flaps in @entity235 arteries and in securing the distal flap during @entity1 carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: Endarterectomy flaps were created in both common carotid and both common femoral arteries in 12 @entity235 . The flaps were repaired with either the neodymium:yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser or with 6-0 @entity7502 sutures. The arteries were removed after duplex scanning at either 7 or 28 days. Eighteen high carotid endarterectomy flaps in 16 @entity1 have been subsequently secured with the laser welding technique. RESULTS: Laser repairs (125 +/- 19 joule) of the @entity235 arteries were completed more quickly than suture repairs (mean 25 seconds vs 135 seconds, respectively; p < 0.04). Duplex ultrasonography revealed no discernable differences between the two groups of arteries. Arteries studied at 7 days revealed three microscopic flaps (two suture, one laser), more subintimal fibroblastic proliferation in suture than laser-repaired carotid arteries (3: 1, p = 0.0530), and similar amounts of @entity32 in suture- and laser-repaired arteries. Arteries studied at 28 days revealed one microscopic intimal flap (suture-repaired); equal fibroblastic and inflammatory responses in suture- and laser-repaired vessels; and no evidence of laser thermal injury. Eighteen carotid endarterectomy flaps have been successfully fused with no immediate or long-term complications in 16 @entity1 (follow-up of 0 to 24 months). CONCLUSION: Laser fusion appears to be a safe and effective method for securing distal carotid endarterectomy flaps.

title: XXXX :yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser fusion of endarterectomy flaps.

answer: @entity3278 :: (MESH:D009354,Chemical) :: ['Neodymium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathophysiologic mechanisms behind the development of @entity1560 during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and the possible relationship to alterations of @entity13688 activities in different tissues are not fully known. It is also unknown whether continuous and discontinuous administration of @entity8856 affect lipid metabolism differently. METHODS: TPN, including 8.4 g of @entity1674 per kilogram per day, was given for 10 days to two groups of male @entity35 that received the infusions discontinuously and continuously, respectively. Freely fed @entity35 were used as controls. RESULTS: TPN led to @entity407 and accumulation of @entity1674 in the liver. High-density lipoproteins were enriched in @entity1674 , whereas high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and phospholipid levels were low. The activities of @entity52927 were markedly decreased, and @entity13688 activities in adipose tissue and in cardiac muscle were both up-regulated. The increased levels of @entity165 and phospholipids in the serum of TPN animals were more pronounced after discontinuous administration. CONCLUSIONS: TPN including lipids interferes with the normal regulation of lipid metabolism. Although the mechanisms remain obscure, the elevation of @entity13688 activities seems functionally important to accommodate the increased input of @entity1674 during TPN. Possibly, the observed alterations in lipase activities may be attributed to a state of @entity1375 .

title: Effects of total parenteral nutrition on lipid metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We discuss the efficacy and limitations of CT and MRI in the assessment of the pleura and @entity1143 . With CT and MRI findings from 610 @entity1 , we address six topics: 1) Normal anatomy of the @entity1143 , 2) Pleural effusion, 3) @entity5 , 4) Pyothorax, 5) @entity2 , and 6) The pleura as a mirror of @entity262 . CT showed specific findings of acute @entity548 . MRI was sensitive enough for the diagnosis of @entity548 and chylothorax. In the evaluation of @entity5 , CT and MRI revealed specific evidence of pedunculated localized fibrous @entity5 and @entity362 . In long-standing pyothorax, it is important to detect any associated secondary @entity5 . CT and MRI show as a mass penetrating the bony thorax. B-cell non-Hodgkin @entity706 is the most commonly associated @entity5 . The sensitivities for diagnosis of pleural extension of @entity153 are 80% with CT and 86% with MRI. The specificities are 89% with CT and 75% with MRI. To study the pleura as a mirror of @entity262 , we used high resolution CT to examine 104 @entity1 without evidence of the diseases mentioned above. Eighteen of those 104 @entity1 were found to have @entity456 , and all 18 were smokers. Of the 24 non-smokers, none had @entity456 . The difference in the occurrence of @entity456 between smokers and non-smokers was significant (p < 0.01).

title: [Radiological approach to the pleura and XXXX with CT and MRI].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'subacute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'Pleural tumors', 'malignancies', 'malignancy', 'pleural tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural cavity']


abstract: The extraction of circulating antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies by plasmapheresis (PP) has allowed the prognosis of @entity7860 to markedly improve. Immunoabsorption (IA) may improve the results of PP upon allowing more effective immunoglobulin extraction. Two @entity1 with @entity7860 were treated with IA. A rapid decrease was observed in the serum levels of anti GBM antibodies and improvement in @entity1576 . In one of the @entity1 this regimen was administered following the observation of a lack of clinical response of @entity548 in three PP sessions (9 liters of treated plasma). In this @entity1 , the IA processed 39 liters of plasma and the method was found to be equally effective on reinstatement (29 liters) on the occasion of a relapse in the pulmonary symptoms presented at three weeks after the first treatment. Both cases showed @entity8 . In one case this was incipient and the treatment was associated with non progression of the @entity8 , normalization of the urine sediment and preservation of renal function. In the second case treatment was initiated at an advanced disease state with no changes in dialysis needs. Immunoadsorption has shown to be effective in the treatment of @entity548 in @entity7860 . Onset of treatment at an early stage of the @entity8 may avoid progression to @entity177 .

title: [Therapeutic immunoadsorption in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvement', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['Goodpasture disease', "Goodpasture's disease"]

answer: @entity7860 :: (MESH:D019867,Disease) :: ['Goodpasture disease']


abstract: Although magnetic resonance imaging has been proposed for the diagnosis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), its role in diagnostic strategy remains to be defined. We compared prospectively magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with two-dimensional time-of-flight with contrast venography (CV) and colour duplex sonography (CDS) in 25 @entity1 with @entity1150 of the pelvis confirmed by CV. All @entity1 were examined by CV (gold standard) and MRA and 17 by CDS. These studies were compared for @entity1150 diagnosis in the pelvis and inferior vena cava and analysis of @entity715 spread. MRA was positive in 25 @entity1 whose @entity1150 was diagnosed by CV (100% sensitivity). MRA sensitivity and negative predictive value were 100%, specificity 98.5% and positive predictive value 97.5% for the diagnosis of @entity715 at each anatomic level. There were discrepancies between MRA and CV (2 false-positive results for 2 venous segments) and between CDS and CV (2 false-positive and 3 false-negative results). CV was uninterpretable for 8.8% of segments and CDS was often technically limited to the pelvic level, whereas all venous segments explored were analysable in MRA. MRA gave excellent results for positive diagnosis and @entity1150 spread. MRA is a potentially valuable technique for assessing iliofemorocaval @entity49 .

title: Angiomagnetic resonance imaging of iliofemorocaval XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']