abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate what kind of changes spouse caregivers of demented @entity1 experience after the onset of @entity303 (a) in the general atmosphere, happiness, and relations of marriage and (b) in the sexual side of marriage. DESIGN: Semistructured telephone interviews of spouse caregivers of demented @entity1 . SETTING: Community-living demented @entity1 and their spouse caregivers in eastern Finland. @entity1 : The spouse caregivers of 42 demented @entity1 recruited from a previous intervention study. MEASURES: The questionnaire covered different areas of marriage from the time before and after the onset of @entity303 . RESULTS: A statistically significant decline had occurred in extent of happiness (p = .012), in equal relations (p = .001), and in @entity1 ' expressions of sexual needs (p < .001) when compared the time before and after @entity303 . Twenty-five (60%) of the caregivers reported that the demented @entity1 had shown at least one negative sexual behavioral change during the course of @entity303 . Seven male @entity1 (24%) had shown the behavioral symptom of constantly expressing need for making love. One in 10 caregivers had experienced positive sexual behavioral changes. In one third of the @entity1 , the expressions of tenderness towards the caregiver had increased. @entity303 did not affect significantly the general atmosphere of the marriage. Out of those still in home care, at 3 years from the onset of @entity303 , 19 couples (46%) continued to practice intercourse, at 5 years the number was 15 couples (41%), and at 7 years it had declined to 7 couples (28%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity221 has a major negative impact on many dimensions of marriage. However, there are also positive changes and preserved aspects of marriage. @entity303 seems to have a surprisingly little impact on whether the couple continues to have intercourse when compared with the general aging population.

title: Spouse caregivers' perceptions of influence of XXXX on marriage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Dementing illness']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Post-transplant protocols for @entity1956 ( @entity97 ) prophylaxis using high-dose intravenous @entity1956 immune globulin (10,000 IU) with or without @entity16332 are commonly reported. Our centre has previously reported a low-dose intramuscular (i.m.) protocol and @entity16332 with excellent results. There have been, however, no pharmacokinetic studies of i.m. @entity1956 immune globulin (HBIG) in this setting. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of i.m. HBIG in long-term post-liver-transplant recipients to determine a rational dosing protocol. Six stable liver transplant recipients receiving monthly i.m. HBIG injections for greater than one year were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 had no detectable @entity97 DNA levels. HBIG titers (anti-HBs) were measured predose, then three times weekly for four weeks and then twice weekly until the serum HBIG titers were 100 IU/L or less. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartment methods. The mean time to maximum concentration was 10.5 d (range 4-20 d) and the mean half-life was 20 d (range 13.5-23.5 d). Based on these pharmacokinetic parameters in stable long-term post-transplant @entity1 , a rational dosing protocol was developed that allows for more appropriate utility of HBIG and improved @entity1 convenience.

title: A study of the pharmacokinetic profile of low-dose XXXX immune globulin in long-term liver transplant recipients for chronic @entity1956 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: Post-transplant protocols for @entity1956 ( @entity97 ) prophylaxis using high-dose intravenous @entity1956 immune globulin (10,000 IU) with or without @entity16332 are commonly reported. Our centre has previously reported a low-dose intramuscular (i.m.) protocol and @entity16332 with excellent results. There have been, however, no pharmacokinetic studies of i.m. @entity1956 immune globulin (HBIG) in this setting. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of i.m. HBIG in long-term post-liver-transplant recipients to determine a rational dosing protocol. Six stable liver transplant recipients receiving monthly i.m. HBIG injections for greater than one year were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 had no detectable @entity97 DNA levels. HBIG titers (anti-HBs) were measured predose, then three times weekly for four weeks and then twice weekly until the serum HBIG titers were 100 IU/L or less. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartment methods. The mean time to maximum concentration was 10.5 d (range 4-20 d) and the mean half-life was 20 d (range 13.5-23.5 d). Based on these pharmacokinetic parameters in stable long-term post-transplant @entity1 , a rational dosing protocol was developed that allows for more appropriate utility of HBIG and improved @entity1 convenience.

title: A study of the pharmacokinetic profile of low-dose @entity1956 immune globulin in long-term liver transplant recipients for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B infection']


abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of distal tarsal tunnel release with a @entity1411 for chronic @entity158 in @entity1 who failed nonoperative management through a retrospective review of all @entity1 undergoing this procedure between 1994 and 1999. Distal tarsal tunnel release and a @entity1411 were offered only to those @entity1 with disabling @entity158 and were performed under general anesthesia or @entity616 . Seventy-five @entity1 (80 heels), averaging 20 months of nonoperative treatment, were identified (group I). Postoperative outcome questionnaires (SF-36 and Foot Function Index [FFI]) were sent to these @entity1 and 44 (46 heels) responded (group II). In group I, 88% of @entity1 had a good to excellent result. Many continued with mild to moderate residual symptoms, which typically did not limit their activity. In group II, 91% of @entity1 were somewhat to very satisfied with their outcome. Visual analogue scale scores for @entity158 were reduced by a mean of 55. SF-36 scores, matched against a control group of @entity1 receiving just nonoperative treatment, showed a statistically significant improvement in all @entity158 and functioning subcategories. We conclude that a distal tarsal tunnel release with a @entity1411 may successfully increase function and decrease @entity158 in @entity1 who fail nonoperative treatment.

title: Distal tarsal tunnel release with XXXX for chronic heel pain: an outcome analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['partial plantar fasciotomy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['heel pain', 'pain', 'subcalcaneal pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ankle block']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['partial plantar fasciotomy']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe cohort differences in health indicators among four birth cohorts of 70-year old @entity1 and @entity1 from G  teborg, Sweden, born in 1901/2, 1905/6, 1911/12, and 1922. With special reference to gender, education, and @entity28 , it is hypothesized that changes in health among elderly @entity1 and @entity1 may not be occurring in a uniform manner. The variables studied were: systolic and diastolic blood pressures, @entity1674 , @entity165 , height, weight, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, physical inactivity, current smoking, and @entity167 consumption, plus selected prevalent diseases. Logistic and linear regression models were used to test for secular trends and effect modification by gender. Most trends in metabolic and lifestyle indicators varied in relation to gender as well as education. For instance, later-born male cohorts were more overweight than earlier-born groups while the later-born female cohorts had similar relative weights but a more centralized fat patterning. These cohort differences further varied by education where later-born @entity1 with less education and later-born @entity1 with higher education tended to be more overweight, compared to earlier-born cohorts. Finally, significant cohort differences in previously diagnosed @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity6 at age 70 were observed in @entity1 only. Interaction terms revealed that the gender difference was statistically significant only in the case of @entity6 . In conclusion, secular trends in many @entity28 -related health indicators among 70-year old Swedish cohorts were dependent on both gender and socio-economic factors.

title: Cohort differences in XXXX -related health indicators among 70-year olds with special reference to gender and education.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to assess whether contrast-enhanced MR angiography is able to predict the degree of @entity543 within a clinically acceptable margin of error, thereby decreasing the need for angiography. In addition, we sought to assess whether adding ultrasound peak systolic velocity (PSV) as an additional regressor improves the accuracy of prediction. METHODS: A retrospective review of our institution's records for a 4-year period was conducted to identify all @entity1 who had undergone evaluation of their carotid arteries using digital subtraction angiography, contrast-enhanced MR angiography, and ultrasonography. All internal carotid artery stenoses ranging from 10% to 90% at carotid angiography were selected (n = 22). Measurements were then obtained based on the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial style by using the digital subtraction angiograms and contrast-enhanced MR angiograms in a blinded fashion. The correlation between digital subtraction angiography data and contrast-enhanced MR angiography data was assessed by conducting linear regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis was then conducted to determine whether the inclusion of ultrasound PSV as an additional regressor increased the accuracy of prediction. RESULTS: The correlation between the degree of @entity850 measured by digital subtraction angiography and that measured by contrast-enhanced MR angiography was r = 0.967. The 95% confidence interval for the line of means showed @entity258 , ranging as low as +/-2.8%. The 95% confidence interval for individual prediction of @entity850 based on a given contrast-enhanced MR angiographic measurement, however, was significantly larger, being no less than +/-13.6%. With the inclusion of PSV, the adjusted correlation was r = 0.965. CONCLUSION: A clear linear relationship exists between digital subtraction angiographic and contrast-enhanced MR angiographic measurements of @entity543 . Increasing severity of @entity850 as measured by contrast-enhanced MR angiography corresponds to increasing severity at angiography. Although the predictive value of contrast-enhanced MR angiography is excellent in the mean, it is less reliable for predicting the degree of @entity850 in the individual @entity1 , showing rather wide confidence intervals. Furthermore, the inclusion of PSV as an additional regressor does not improve the predictive accuracy beyond that of contrast-enhanced MR angiography alone.

title: Accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR angiography in predicting XXXX : linear regression analysis.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'angiographic stenosis of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low errors bounds']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['angiographic stenosis of the internal carotid artery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe 34 cases of @entity1470 ( @entity1470 ) treated at Charing Cross Hospital over 25 years. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1975 and 2001, 1,685 @entity1 with @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) were treated; 34 of them had @entity1470 (2%). The computer database clinical notes and the pathology reports were accessed to obtain data on this @entity1 group. The data were subsequently analyzed using Excel computer software. RESULTS: The mean age of the group was 33 years (95% CI 25-41). The antecedent pregnancy was a full-term, normal one in 18 cases (53%), a molar pregnancy in 7 (21%) and a missed abortion in 5 (15%). The mean interval from the last pregnancy to diagnosis was 3.4 years (95% CI 1.9-4.9). The range of serum hCG concentrations at diagnosis was 0-58,000, 79% with levels < 1,000 and 58% < 500. hCG was raised in all with active disease. The most frequent presenting complaint was @entity3556 , in 27 cases (79%). At diagnosis, the disease was localized to the uterus in 15 (44%); there was pelvic involvement in 8 (24%) and lung secondaries in 10 (29%). All seven @entity204 were disease related (21%); all had lung secondaries and presented more than four years since the last pregnancy. Excluding the seven @entity204 , the primary treatment was surgery alone in 10 cases (37%) (8 hysterectomies and 2 dilatation and curettages); 4 had surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy; 5 had neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery; 1 had chemotherapy alone, and the disease recurred and was successfully rechallenged; and 5 had surgery between chemotherapy cycles. The most common regimens consisted of EMA/CO and EP/EMA. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for @entity204 include lung metastatic involvement (50%) and an antecedent pregnancy interval of four years or more (100%). In contrast, those with no extrapelvic disease or a pregnancy interval of less than four years had 100% survival. In two-thirds of @entity1 with disease limited to the uterus, surgery alone was curative. The WHO scoring system for @entity1469 did not correlate with this outcome. @entity1 with @entity1470 should be managed separately from those with other types of @entity1469 , as the disease behavior is different.

title: Twenty-five years' clinical experience with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease', 'GTD']

entities_list: @entity1470 :: ('MESH:D018245', 'Disease') :: ['PSTT', 'placental site trophoblastic tumor']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1470 :: (MESH:D018245,Disease) :: ['placental site trophoblastic tumors']


abstract: @entity27448 is a @entity600 that occurs in both males and females and is associated with a variety of clinical and neuroradiologic signs. A gene called @entity18493 ( @entity18493 ) has recently been identified. We review the clinical and imaging findings from a series of pediatric @entity1 with @entity27448 . Five @entity1 (three males and two females; age range = 4-18 years) were investigated. In our series, @entity27448 can be the common denominator in different conditions. @entity27448 can occur alone or be associated with cortical @entity600 . @entity302 was present in three of the five @entity1 and was resistant to drugs in one female. @entity1032 was present in three of the five @entity1 . Two male @entity1 had normal intelligence, with no @entity154 ; @entity1 3 had @entity27448 . The associated @entity600 were more severe in the female @entity1 and slight only in @entity1 1. The two females @entity8544 rarely reported in association with @entity18472 . We believe that other genes can be involved in @entity1 with atypical @entity27448 . No mutations were detected in 6 of the 48 exons of the @entity18493 gene, although this does not allow any definitive conclusions to be reached. We conclude that our series of @entity1 with @entity27448 clearly highlights the complexity of the clinical, neurologic, and neuroradiologic characteristics associated with this @entity600 .

title: XXXX : report of a pediatric series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cortical anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity27448 :: ('MESH:D054091', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia', 'Periventricular nodular heterotopia', 'periventricular nodular heterotopia', 'neuroradiologic periventricular nodular heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity18472 :: ('OMIM:300049', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity8544 :: ('MESH:D005254', 'Disease') :: ['showed anomalies']

answer: @entity27448 :: (MESH:D054091,Disease) :: ['Periventricular nodular heterotopia']


abstract: The hollow fiber test has been developed for the preliminary in vivo assessment of @entity5 chemotherapeutic efficacy of selected natural products. Using this model, we have established growth conditions for HL-60, HUVEC, Ishikawa, KB, KB-V1, LNCaP, @entity70903 , MCF-7, Mel2, @entity19 , and @entity1 cells implanted at the intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) compartments of athymic @entity19 . Five cytotoxic natural product isolates (2-6) were tested in this model, along with @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) (1). Among the compounds tested, @entity33169 (2) and @entity70904 (3) were found to be active, indicating their potential to function as @entity5 chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, @entity70905 (4), @entity70906 (5), and @entity70907 (6), all of which were significantly cytotoxic to cultured @entity1 cells, did not mediate significant responses with the hollow fiber model. In further xenograft studies using KB cells implanted at the subcutaneous site, compound 3 mediated a statistically significant response which was consistent with the response observed at the subcutaneous compartment in the hollow fiber tests. In sum, these studies illustrate the usefulness of the hollow fiber model in natural product drug discovery programs. Preliminary indications of potential therapeutic efficacy can be provided quickly at relatively low expense. Agents capable of mediating a response at the subcutaneous site would appear to warrant greatest attention.

title: Evaluation of the potential XXXX chemotherapeutic efficacy of natural product isolates employing in vivo hollow fiber tests.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity70907 :: ('MESH:C464610', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtha[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'taxol']

entities_list: @entity70905 :: ('MESH:C073634', 'Chemical') :: ['ochraceolide A']

entities_list: @entity70906 :: ('MESH:C415043', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-lapachone']

entities_list: @entity70904 :: ('MESH:C099330', 'Chemical') :: ['13-methoxy-15-oxozoapatlin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The @entity1 gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors a complex community of bacterial cells in the mucosa, lumen, and feces. Since most attention has been focused on bacteria present in feces, knowledge about the mucosa-associated bacterial communities in different parts of the colon is limited. In this study, the bacterial communities in feces and biopsy samples from the ascending, transverse, and descending colons of 10 individuals were analyzed by using a 16S rRNA approach. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that 10(5) to 10(6) bacteria were present in the biopsy samples. To visualize the diversity of the predominant and the @entity24046 group community, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was performed. DGGE analysis and similarity index comparisons demonstrated that the predominant mucosa-associated bacterial community was host specific and uniformly distributed along the colon but significantly different from the fecal community (P < 0.01). The @entity24046 group-specific profiles were less complex than the profiles reflecting the predominant community. For 6 of the 10 individuals the community of @entity24046 -like bacteria in the biopsy samples was similar to that in the feces. Amplicons having 99% sequence similarity to the 16S ribosomal DNA of @entity24046 were detected in the biopsy samples of nine individuals. No significant differences were observed between healthy and diseased individuals. The observed host-specific DGGE profiles of the mucosa-associated bacterial community in the colon support the hypothesis that host-related factors are involved in the determination of the GI tract microbial community.

title: Mucosa-associated bacteria in the XXXX gastrointestinal tract are uniformly distributed along the colon and differ from the community recovered from feces.

entities_list: @entity24046 :: ('1596', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus gasseri']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) have recently been proven to reduce restenosis and reintervention compared with bare stents. Safety and effectiveness of SES in acute @entity583 remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since April 16, 2002, a policy of routine SES implantation has been instituted in our hospital, with no clinical or anatomic restrictions, as part of the RESEARCH ( @entity3446 -Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital) registry. During 6 months of enrollment, 96 @entity1 with ST-elevation acute @entity583 underwent percutaneous recanalization and SES implantation; these @entity1 comprise the study population. The incidence of major adverse @entity299 ( @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , reintervention) was evaluated. Six-month angiographic follow-up was scheduled per protocol. At baseline, @entity6 was present in 12.5% and multivessel disease in 46.9%. Primary angioplasty was performed in 89 @entity1 (92.7%). @entity1188 location was anterior in 41 (42.7%) of the cases, and 12 @entity1 (12.5%) had @entity1455 . Postprocedural TIMI-3 flow was achieved in 93.3% of the cases. In-hospital mortality was 6.2%. One @entity1 (1.1%) had reinfarction and @entity75 reintervention the first day as a result of distal dissection and acute vessel occlusion. During follow-up (mean follow-up of 218+/-75 days), 1 @entity1 died (1.1%), no @entity1 had recurrent @entity583 , and there were no additional reinterventions. No early or late stent @entity715 were documented. At angiographic follow-up (70%), late loss was -0.04+/-0.25, and no @entity1 presented @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity3446 -eluting stent implantation for @entity1 with ST-elevation acute @entity583 was safe without documented @entity256 at 6 months.

title: XXXX -eluting stent implantation in ST-elevation acute @entity583 : a clinical and angiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Rapamycin', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) have recently been proven to reduce restenosis and reintervention compared with bare stents. Safety and effectiveness of SES in acute @entity583 remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since April 16, 2002, a policy of routine SES implantation has been instituted in our hospital, with no clinical or anatomic restrictions, as part of the RESEARCH ( @entity3446 -Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital) registry. During 6 months of enrollment, 96 @entity1 with ST-elevation acute @entity583 underwent percutaneous recanalization and SES implantation; these @entity1 comprise the study population. The incidence of major adverse @entity299 ( @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , reintervention) was evaluated. Six-month angiographic follow-up was scheduled per protocol. At baseline, @entity6 was present in 12.5% and multivessel disease in 46.9%. Primary angioplasty was performed in 89 @entity1 (92.7%). @entity1188 location was anterior in 41 (42.7%) of the cases, and 12 @entity1 (12.5%) had @entity1455 . Postprocedural TIMI-3 flow was achieved in 93.3% of the cases. In-hospital mortality was 6.2%. One @entity1 (1.1%) had reinfarction and @entity75 reintervention the first day as a result of distal dissection and acute vessel occlusion. During follow-up (mean follow-up of 218+/-75 days), 1 @entity1 died (1.1%), no @entity1 had recurrent @entity583 , and there were no additional reinterventions. No early or late stent @entity715 were documented. At angiographic follow-up (70%), late loss was -0.04+/-0.25, and no @entity1 presented @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity3446 -eluting stent implantation for @entity1 with ST-elevation acute @entity583 was safe without documented @entity256 at 6 months.

title: @entity3446 -eluting stent implantation in ST-elevation acute XXXX : a clinical and angiographic study.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Larger surgical caseload is associated with better @entity1 outcome for many complex procedures. We examined the volume-outcome relationship for @entity977 surgery using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1996-2000. Multivariate regression adjusted for @entity1 demographics, acuity measures, medical comorbidities, and endocrine status. A total of 5497 operations were performed at 538 hospitals by 825 surgeons. Outcome measured at hospital discharge was: death (0.6%), discharge to long-term care (0.9%), to short-term rehabilitation (2.1%), or directly home (96.2%). Outcomes were better after surgery at higher-volume hospitals (OR 0.74 for 5-fold-larger caseload, P = 0.007) or by higher-volume surgeons (OR 0.62, P = 0.02). A total of 5.4% of @entity1 were not discharged directly home from lowest-volume-quartile hospitals, compared with 2.6% at highest-volume-quartile hospitals. In-hospital mortality was lower with higher-volume hospitals (P = 0.03) and surgeons (P = 0.09). Mortality rates were 0.9% at lowest-caseload-quartile hospitals and 0.4% at highest-volume-quartile hospitals. @entity260 (26.5% of admissions) were less frequent with higher-volume hospitals (P = 0.03) or surgeons (P = 0.005). Length of stay was shorter with high-volume hospitals (P = 0.02) and surgeons (P < 0.001). Hospital charges were lower for high-volume hospitals, but not significantly. This analysis suggests that higher-volume hospitals and surgeons provide superior short-term outcomes after @entity977 surgery with shorter lengths of stay and a trend toward lower charges.

title: Transsphenoidal surgery for XXXX in the United States, 1996-2000: mortality, morbidity, and the effects of hospital and surgeon volume.

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['transsphenoidal pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: The reliable diagnosis of @entity459 depends on the measurement of @entity461 . The @entity461 assays in widespread use measure not only the hormone but also hormone fragments, thus limiting the clinical utility of the assays. A new immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using an antigenic determinant at the extreme @entity1472 -terminal of the @entity461 molecule detects only full-length @entity461 (1-84). We compared three @entity461 assays and determined the presence of @entity461 (1-84) and @entity461 fragments in serum and @entity3243 of @entity1 with @entity459 . We studied 56 @entity1 with @entity459 . @entity461 levels were increased in 63% using the midmolecule RIA; in 73% in the "intact" IRMA; and in 96% in the @entity461 (1-84)-IRMA. The @entity461 (1-84)-IRMA correlated with the other assays (midmolecule RIA R = +0.736; P < 0.0001; "intact"-IRMA R = +0.951; P < 0.0001) and indices of disease activity (serum @entity460 R = +0.511, P < 0.0001; alkaline phosphatase R = +0.489, P = 0.001; and radius bone density R = -0.366, P < 0.01). In 21 consecutive @entity1 undergoing parathyroidectomy, 18 had @entity3243 . Intact @entity461 was higher than @entity461 (1-84)-IRMA in both serum and glandular homogenates from these @entity1 . Similar proportions of @entity461 (1-84) and hormone fragments were found in both @entity652 [66 +/- 3% of "intact" @entity461 -reflected @entity461 (1-84) and sera (73 +/- 2% of "intact" @entity461 reflected @entity461 (1-84)]. We conclude that the @entity461 (1-84)-IRMA offers improved diagnostic sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity459 than other currently available assays. This study also provides evidence that both @entity461 (1-84) and @entity461 fragments are produced in @entity3243 and that peripheral metabolism of hormone and fragment does not alter the proportion of bioactive hormone.

title: Clinical utility of an immunoradiometric assay for parathyroid hormone (1-84) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hormones and cytokines are known to act as regulatory messengers between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The innate immune system identifies infectious agents by means of pattern-recognition receptors. These receptors recognize pathogen-specific macromolecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Fungal cell wall glucans nonspecifically stimulate various aspects of innate immunity via interaction with membrane receptors on immune-competent cells. Glucans are also released into the systemic circulation of @entity1 with @entity364 . Recent evidence confirms the existence of glucan-specific receptors on cells outside the immune system. We hypothesized that glucans may directly interact with pituitary cells as an early signaling event in @entity364 . METHODS: We characterized the receptor-mediated interaction of glucan derived from @entity5132 with pituitary cells using surface plasmon resonance. Prolactin levels were assayed by commercial ELISA. @entity2938 , @entity2939 and @entity5750 mRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: A single glucan-specific binding site was identified on rodent somatomammotroph (K(D) = 3.9 microM) and @entity1 folliculostellate cell (K(D) = 3.6 microM) membranes. Coincubation of glucan with somatomammotroph cells for 72 h significantly (p < 0.01) increased prolactin accumulation by 56-62% over that observed in cells treated with media alone. Glucan also increased @entity2939 and @entity5750 gene expression in @entity1 folliculostellate cells. CONCLUSIONS: Pituitary cells directly recognize and respond to fungal cell wall glucans resulting in stimulation of pituitary cell @entity2939 and @entity5750 gene expression. In addition, glucan stimulates secretion of prolactin, a hormone that plays an important role in the response to infection.

title: Anterior pituitary cells express pattern recognition receptors for fungal glucans: implications for neuroendocrine immune involvement in response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The degree of @entity28 of Asians is less than that of Caucasians. It has been suggested that Japanese, categorized as having normal weight (BMI<25.0), as defined by WHO (2000), have a tendency toward increased incidences of @entity2299 and @entity6 . Our objective was to analyze parameters constituting @entity28 in overweight Japanese and Mongolians with a body mass index (BMI) of 23.0-24.9, and to assess the suitability for Asians of the Regional Office for Western Pacific Region of WHO criteria pertaining to @entity28 (WPRO criteria, 2000). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in a workplace setting. SUBJECTS: A total of 386 Japanese @entity1 and 363 Japanese @entity1 , and 102 Mongolian @entity1 and 155 Mongolian @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure) and metabolic measurements (plasma levels of total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , @entity412 , @entity413 and insulin). RESULTS: Graded increases in BMI of Japanese and Mongolians were positively associated with body fat percent, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio. The Japanese were categorized as 22% overweight, 22% obese I, 3% obese II; the Mongolians rated as 18% overweight, 34% obese I, 19% obese II, based on the WPRO BMI criteria. The Mongolians had a higher prevalence of @entity28 and a higher body fat percent, but a lesser gradation of @entity2299 , than did the BMI-matched Japanese groups. Overweight Japanese (BMI 23.0-24.9), in comparison to normal Japanese (BMI 18.5-22.9), had significant differences in systolic blood pressure, HDL- @entity165 and @entity412 in @entity1 , and in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL- @entity165 , @entity412 , insulin and Homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance in @entity1 . In contrast, the Mongolians showed no significant differences in metabolic parameters between overweight and normal subjects, except for diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Since the relationship between abdominal fat mass and BMI is ethnic-specific, a universal BMI cutoff point is inappropriate for Asian populations such as the Japanese and Mongolians. The present investigation suggests that, while the WPRO criteria are suitable for Japanese, the WHO criteria are more appropriate for Mongolians.

title: Overweight Japanese with body mass indexes of 23.0-24.9 have higher risks for XXXX : a comparison of Japanese and Mongolians.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obesity-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity-associated disorders']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the @entity85 and spinal mobility on quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with spinal @entity170 . A total of 157 postmenopausal @entity1 aged over 60 years with @entity170 were divided into five groups according to their @entity85 : @entity615 ( @entity615 , n=41), @entity615 ( @entity615 , n=33), whole @entity1513 (WK, n=40), lower acute @entity1513 (LAK, n=18), and normal posture (NP, n=25). QOL was evaluated using the Japanese @entity170 QOL Questionnaire (JOQOL) proposed by the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This questionnaire contains six domains, with higher scores indicating higher levels of QOL. The number of @entity174 , @entity1513 and @entity1515 angles, and spinal range of motion (ROM) during maximum flexion and extension were also measured with radiographs. Total QOL scores in @entity615 , @entity615 , WK, and LAK groups were significantly lower than those in the NP group, and those in WK group were even lower compared with the other groups ( P<0.05). All the groups with @entity85 , but not the NP group, showed significant positive correlations between total QOL score and spinal ROM (0.521</= r</=0.747, P<0.05). Total QOL score showed a significant correlation with age, number of @entity174 , @entity1515 angle, and spinal ROM in a total of 157 @entity1 . However, multiple regression analysis revealed that spinal ROM best correlated with total QOL score. We concluded that QOL in @entity1 with @entity170 was @entity73 , especially by whole @entity1513 , and that spinal mobility has a strong effect on QOL in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and spinal mobility on quality of life in @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired by postural deformities']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['hollow round back', 'round back', 'RB', 'HRB']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['impact of postural deformities', 'postural deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Impact of postural deformities']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the @entity85 and spinal mobility on quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with spinal @entity170 . A total of 157 postmenopausal @entity1 aged over 60 years with @entity170 were divided into five groups according to their @entity85 : @entity615 ( @entity615 , n=41), @entity615 ( @entity615 , n=33), whole @entity1513 (WK, n=40), lower acute @entity1513 (LAK, n=18), and normal posture (NP, n=25). QOL was evaluated using the Japanese @entity170 QOL Questionnaire (JOQOL) proposed by the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This questionnaire contains six domains, with higher scores indicating higher levels of QOL. The number of @entity174 , @entity1513 and @entity1515 angles, and spinal range of motion (ROM) during maximum flexion and extension were also measured with radiographs. Total QOL scores in @entity615 , @entity615 , WK, and LAK groups were significantly lower than those in the NP group, and those in WK group were even lower compared with the other groups ( P<0.05). All the groups with @entity85 , but not the NP group, showed significant positive correlations between total QOL score and spinal ROM (0.521</= r</=0.747, P<0.05). Total QOL score showed a significant correlation with age, number of @entity174 , @entity1515 angle, and spinal ROM in a total of 157 @entity1 . However, multiple regression analysis revealed that spinal ROM best correlated with total QOL score. We concluded that QOL in @entity1 with @entity170 was @entity73 , especially by whole @entity1513 , and that spinal mobility has a strong effect on QOL in these @entity1 .

title: @entity85 and spinal mobility on quality of life in XXXX .

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: A prospective study correlating high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), lung function tests (PFT) and bronchoalveolar lavage ( @entity70908 ) cytology in @entity1 with @entity401 ( @entity401 ) associated with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Fifty-three @entity309 @entity1 with suspected @entity401 (19 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 ) underwent 71 HRCT (14 of 53 with sequential HRCT, mean follow-up 24.3 months). The HRCT evaluation by two observers on consensus included a semi-quantitative characterisation of lesion pattern and profusion on representative anatomical levels. Fifty-two HRCT were followed by PFT and @entity70908 . Agreement or discordance of HRCT-, @entity70908 findings were analysed with Pearson's correlation, kappa score and McNemar's test. @entity286 -fume exposure was estimated in pack years. Smoking/non-smoking groups were compared with Student's t test. In 49 of 53 @entity1 , HRCT was suggestive of @entity401 associated with @entity309 (66 of 71 HRCT). @entity75 were found in 40 of 53 @entity1 , in 15 of 40 presenting as mixed pattern with ground-glass opacities (GGO). Pure reticular patterns predominated in @entity1 with long duration of @entity401 (p>0.01). Pure GGO were not observed. Lesion profusion was highly variable and correlated moderately negative with diffusion capacity (mean 88.2% (SD +/- 20.9%); r=-0.54; p<0.001) and very weak with vital capacity and FEV1 (mean values 92.2% (SD +/- 18.3%); r=-0.27; p<0.05 and 89.8% (SD +/- 17.5%); r=-0.31; p<0.01). In @entity1 with GGO, @entity70908 differentials tended towards neutrophilia (kappa=0.39; p=0.04; McNemar test p>0.2), but not towards lymphocytosis (kappa=0.10; p=0.23; McNemar test p>0.2). Differences in smoking history were not significant (p>0.1). The HRCT appears most appropriate for the detection and follow-up of @entity401 associated with @entity309 . The PFT and @entity70908 correlate only partially with lesion profusion or grading on HRCT, but they contribute valuable information about dynamic lung function and differential diagnoses ( @entity55 , medication side effects).

title: Correlation between HRCT findings, pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in @entity401 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Reticular lesions']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A prospective study correlating high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), lung function tests (PFT) and bronchoalveolar lavage ( @entity70908 ) cytology in @entity1 with @entity401 ( @entity401 ) associated with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Fifty-three @entity309 @entity1 with suspected @entity401 (19 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 ) underwent 71 HRCT (14 of 53 with sequential HRCT, mean follow-up 24.3 months). The HRCT evaluation by two observers on consensus included a semi-quantitative characterisation of lesion pattern and profusion on representative anatomical levels. Fifty-two HRCT were followed by PFT and @entity70908 . Agreement or discordance of HRCT-, @entity70908 findings were analysed with Pearson's correlation, kappa score and McNemar's test. @entity286 -fume exposure was estimated in pack years. Smoking/non-smoking groups were compared with Student's t test. In 49 of 53 @entity1 , HRCT was suggestive of @entity401 associated with @entity309 (66 of 71 HRCT). @entity75 were found in 40 of 53 @entity1 , in 15 of 40 presenting as mixed pattern with ground-glass opacities (GGO). Pure reticular patterns predominated in @entity1 with long duration of @entity401 (p>0.01). Pure GGO were not observed. Lesion profusion was highly variable and correlated moderately negative with diffusion capacity (mean 88.2% (SD +/- 20.9%); r=-0.54; p<0.001) and very weak with vital capacity and FEV1 (mean values 92.2% (SD +/- 18.3%); r=-0.27; p<0.05 and 89.8% (SD +/- 17.5%); r=-0.31; p<0.01). In @entity1 with GGO, @entity70908 differentials tended towards neutrophilia (kappa=0.39; p=0.04; McNemar test p>0.2), but not towards lymphocytosis (kappa=0.10; p=0.23; McNemar test p>0.2). Differences in smoking history were not significant (p>0.1). The HRCT appears most appropriate for the detection and follow-up of @entity401 associated with @entity309 . The PFT and @entity70908 correlate only partially with lesion profusion or grading on HRCT, but they contribute valuable information about dynamic lung function and differential diagnoses ( @entity55 , medication side effects).

title: Correlation between HRCT findings, pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in XXXX associated with @entity309 .

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: The authors report on their experience with a particular @entity692 cement in the pediatric population and review cases that elucidate potential limitations of its use in this population. In all @entity1 , the implant was used for recontouring and augmenting the cranial vault. Seven of 15 @entity1 had a direct communication between sinus mucosa and the implant at the time of surgery. Three of the seven @entity1 developed late postoperative inflammatory reactions of the surgical site with delamination of the implant. Each @entity1 required an aggressive irrigation and d  bridement with removal of the delaminated @entity692 . Pathologic findings showed evidence of a foreign body inflammatory reaction in the tissue, and mixed bacterial flora were identified in all specimens. No late problems with the cement were seen in @entity1 without a communication to the sinuses. Our findings suggest that the use of BoneSource, an essentially nonviable, nonvascularized implant, in areas exposed to bacterial contamination is contraindicated in the pediatric population. BoneSource and other similar @entity692 biomaterials do have a role as implants in the craniofacial skeleton. The indications and contraindications of these substances will need to be further defined for wide acceptance to occur.

title: A contraindication for the use of XXXX cement in the pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Several reconstructive procedures have been described for the complete defect of the distal radius that is created after a wide excision of @entity2968 , including hemiarthroplasty using the vascularized fibular head and partial wrist arthrodesis between a vascularized fibula and the scapholunate portion of the proximal carpal row. The objectives of this study are to compare clinical and radiographic results between the partial wrist arthrodesis and the wrist arthroplasty, and to discuss which procedure is superior. Four @entity1 with @entity2967 involving the distal end of the radius were treated with en bloc resection and reconstruction with a free vascularized fibular graft. The wrists in two @entity1 were reconstructed with an articular fibular head graft and the remaining two @entity1 underwent partial wrist arthrodesis using a fibular shaft transfer. There was radiographic evidence of bone union at the host-graft junctions in all cases. In the newly reconstructed wrist joint, there was palmar subluxation of the carpal bones and degenerative changes in both @entity1 . Local recurrence was seen in one @entity1 . According to the functional results described by Enneking et al., the mean functional score was 67 percent. The functional scores including wrist/forearm range of motion in the cases with partial wrist arthrodesis were superior to those with wrist arthroplasty. A partial wrist arthrodesis using a vascularized fibular shaft graft appears a more useful and reliable procedure for reconstruction of the wrist after excision of the @entity2967 of the distal end of the radius than a wrist arthroplasty using the vascularized fibular head, although our study includes only a small number of @entity1 .

title: Vascularized fibular graft after excision of XXXX of the distal radius: wrist arthroplasty versus partial wrist arthrodesis.

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant-cell tumors', 'giant-cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['a giant-cell tumor of bone']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['giant-cell tumor']


abstract: The paper presents a case of @entity1 suffered from @entity4034 with @entity1569 . Similar clinical and radiological course was observed in another two cases. The disease was chronic, recurrent and school @entity1 were affected. Normal temperature and increased blood sedimentation were observed. Enlarged of metaphysis, "marbled" structure of the bone with many little osteolitical focus and thickening of cortical bone were observed, too. This disease was progressive and the whole of the diaphysis was affected. Pus was never found during operation. The bone was @entity2100 in some places, with thickened periosteum. Histopathological examination indicated @entity6275 . Bacteriological examination was always negative. The treatment performed usually in acute @entity4034 wasn't effective.

title: [ XXXX concomitant with @entity1569 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis concomitant']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile sclerotic']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: The paper presents a case of @entity1 suffered from @entity4034 with @entity1569 . Similar clinical and radiological course was observed in another two cases. The disease was chronic, recurrent and school @entity1 were affected. Normal temperature and increased blood sedimentation were observed. Enlarged of metaphysis, "marbled" structure of the bone with many little osteolitical focus and thickening of cortical bone were observed, too. This disease was progressive and the whole of the diaphysis was affected. Pus was never found during operation. The bone was @entity2100 in some places, with thickened periosteum. Histopathological examination indicated @entity6275 . Bacteriological examination was always negative. The treatment performed usually in acute @entity4034 wasn't effective.

title: [ @entity4034 concomitant with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: In order to analyze changes in @entity417 management in the hemodialysis @entity1 , a retrospective survey was performed in 1999 on a representative French sample of @entity1 in hemodialysis treated by @entity1307 since 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998 respectively. 368 @entity1 were enrolled in 97 centres. At treatment initiation, some @entity1 characteristics have significantly changed: the percentage of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 has increased marquedly from 4.5% in 1992 to 22.1% in 1998. The mean time lag between dialysis and @entity1307 treatment initiation has decreased from 3.3 years to 0.9 on the 6-year period. Lastly, the mean hemoglobin level has increased from 73.7 to 78.5 g/l. No significant evolution in the @entity1307 protocol was observed at the initiation as well as in the maintenance phase. An average percentage of 33.7% of @entity1 were treated in i.v. route at initiation with a mean posology of 105.2 IU/kg (respectively 91.4 in s.c.). In the first year of follow-up, the overall mean posology was 84 IU/kg. In conclusion, this survey suggests that @entity417 management has been optimized over the last 6 years follow-up, including an earlier initiation of @entity1307 treatment and a higher target of hemoglobin while @entity1307 needs were reduced in the same time.

title: [Evolution of medical practice in the care of XXXX amd the use of @entity1307 in chronic renal insufficiency hemodialysis in the past six years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: In order to analyze changes in @entity417 management in the hemodialysis @entity1 , a retrospective survey was performed in 1999 on a representative French sample of @entity1 in hemodialysis treated by @entity1307 since 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998 respectively. 368 @entity1 were enrolled in 97 centres. At treatment initiation, some @entity1 characteristics have significantly changed: the percentage of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 has increased marquedly from 4.5% in 1992 to 22.1% in 1998. The mean time lag between dialysis and @entity1307 treatment initiation has decreased from 3.3 years to 0.9 on the 6-year period. Lastly, the mean hemoglobin level has increased from 73.7 to 78.5 g/l. No significant evolution in the @entity1307 protocol was observed at the initiation as well as in the maintenance phase. An average percentage of 33.7% of @entity1 were treated in i.v. route at initiation with a mean posology of 105.2 IU/kg (respectively 91.4 in s.c.). In the first year of follow-up, the overall mean posology was 84 IU/kg. In conclusion, this survey suggests that @entity417 management has been optimized over the last 6 years follow-up, including an earlier initiation of @entity1307 treatment and a higher target of hemoglobin while @entity1307 needs were reduced in the same time.

title: [Evolution of medical practice in the care of @entity417 amd the use of XXXX in chronic renal insufficiency hemodialysis in the past six years].

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic large-core needle biopsy (SLCNB) is a minimally invasive method for histological diagnosis of nonpalpable @entity1558 . We studied differences in @entity5 prevalence between a group of @entity1 referred through the national screening program and a non-screening group, and assessed whether the validity of SLCNB differed between these groups. METHODS: A group of non-selective, consecutive @entity1 presenting with a nonpalpable mammographic lesion, who participated in a recently conducted multicenter study regarding the accuracy of SLCNB in The Netherlands, were the basis for this study. Prevalence of @entity189 , predictive value of a benign diagnosis, sensitivity, and specificity rate of SLCNB were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 1029 lesions in 972 @entity1 included, 858 were evaluable. In 850/858 lesions (99.1%) the reason for referral was clear. The prevalence of @entity5 in the screening group (n = 511 lesions) was 64.0% (95%CI 59.8-68.2), versus 49.6% in the non-screening group (n = 339) (95%CI 44.2-54.9). Respective predictive values of a benign diagnosis on SLCNB were 97.0 versus 94.8% (non-significant). The sensitivity rates of SLCNB were 98.5% (screening; 95%CI 96.5-99.5) versus 95.2% (non-screening; 95%CI 90.8-97.9). Specificity rates were 97.8 (95%CI 94.5-99.4) and 99.4% (95%CI 96.8-100), respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite a significant difference in the prevalence of @entity189 , the accuracy of SLCNB did not show a statistically significant difference between both @entity1 groups. Therefore, SLCNB appears accurate in diagnosing nonpalpable @entity1558 both in screening and non-screening @entity1 groups.

title: Stereotactic large core needle biopsy for all nonpalpable XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions', 'breast disease']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: Successful and long-standing eradication of @entity1373 has remained difficult due to the propensity of these lesions to be extensive. Current treatments include excision, electrodesiccation, laser vaporization, and oral @entity10211 , each often associated with unacceptable side effects or lesional recurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laser-assisted photodynamic therapy using topical @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) and 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) irradiation for the treatment of @entity1373 . Ten @entity1 with @entity1373 received 1 or 2 treatments at 6 week intervals with topical 20% @entity2518 followed 1 hour later by 595 nm PDL irradiation. Matched lesions served as controls and were either treated with PDL alone or were left untreated. @entity1 were evaluated at regular intervals for 3 months. Results demonstrated that combination topical @entity2518 and PDL treatment effected better clinical results than PDL treatment alone. No changes were observed in untreated control lesions. Side effects were mild and limited to transient @entity5105 , @entity4 , and focal crusting. It is the conclusion of the authors that laser-assisted photodynamic therapy with topical @entity2518 and PDL irradiation can achieve safe and effective improvement of @entity1373 . Further study is warranted to determine the longevity of the clinical results observed.

title: Photodynamic therapy with topical aminolevulinic acid and pulsed dye laser irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['sebaceous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['sebaceous hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity4089 frequently causes secondary @entity6126 through central suppression of gonadotropin secretion. @entity2013 (> 1 cm diameter) are more common in males and may additionally cause more generalised @entity4614 . Recovery of the thyrotropic and/or corticotropic axes is well described following selective adenomectomy, but remains poorly defined in relation to medical ( @entity935 -agonist) therapy of @entity2013 . We therefore performed a retrospective examination of case records of male @entity1 who had received medical therapy alone for macroprolactinoma between 1980-2001 (n = 35) and in whom @entity5 shrinkage was documented by interval pituitary imaging (reported throughout by a single neuroradiologist). Mean prolactin level at baseline was 59,932 mU/L (median 31,400; range 3,215-332,000); mean period of follow up was 4.2 years (median 2.6; range: 1.0-15). Defects of the following axes were evident at diagnosis: LH/FSH- @entity251 (n = 27; 77%), TSH-T4 (n = 14; 41%-not including one case with pre-existing 1 @entity1375 ), ACTH- @entity701 (n = 8; 23%). Overall, 14 @entity1 (40%) were @entity2270 , seven (20%) in 2 axes and seven (20%) in 3 axes. Growth hormone secretory status was not systematically evaluated. In all but 6 @entity1 , prolactin levels fell to normal or near-normal levels (mean 764 mU/L; median 260; range: < 10-4,833). Of the @entity1 in whom adequate reassessment had been performed, thyrotroph function recovered in 4/9, corticotroph function in 4/6 and gonadotroph function in 16/26 cases. In four cases (11%) previously described, development of @entity227 as a result of the chiasmal traction syndrome necessitated a dose reduction in medical therapy to allow a degree of controlled @entity5 re-expansion. The prevalence at diagnosis of TSH and @entity16054 in @entity1 with @entity2013 was 41% and 23%, respectively. Among eight @entity1 with insufficiency of TSH and/or ACTH secretion who underwent complete interval reassessment over several years of treatment, recovery of at least one @entity2270 occurred in six cases (75%). This study highlights the importance of screening ACTH- and/or TSH-deficient @entity1 during @entity935 agonist therapy in order to identify cases where @entity4614 has resolved.

title: Medical therapy of @entity2013 in males: I. Prevalence of XXXX at diagnosis. II. Proportion of cases exhibiting recovery of pituitary function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['degress hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['Macroprolactinomas', 'macroprolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'deficient in 1 axis']

answer: @entity4614 :: (MESH:D007018,Disease) :: ['hypopituitarism']


abstract: @entity4089 frequently causes secondary @entity6126 through central suppression of gonadotropin secretion. @entity2013 (> 1 cm diameter) are more common in males and may additionally cause more generalised @entity4614 . Recovery of the thyrotropic and/or corticotropic axes is well described following selective adenomectomy, but remains poorly defined in relation to medical ( @entity935 -agonist) therapy of @entity2013 . We therefore performed a retrospective examination of case records of male @entity1 who had received medical therapy alone for macroprolactinoma between 1980-2001 (n = 35) and in whom @entity5 shrinkage was documented by interval pituitary imaging (reported throughout by a single neuroradiologist). Mean prolactin level at baseline was 59,932 mU/L (median 31,400; range 3,215-332,000); mean period of follow up was 4.2 years (median 2.6; range: 1.0-15). Defects of the following axes were evident at diagnosis: LH/FSH- @entity251 (n = 27; 77%), TSH-T4 (n = 14; 41%-not including one case with pre-existing 1 @entity1375 ), ACTH- @entity701 (n = 8; 23%). Overall, 14 @entity1 (40%) were @entity2270 , seven (20%) in 2 axes and seven (20%) in 3 axes. Growth hormone secretory status was not systematically evaluated. In all but 6 @entity1 , prolactin levels fell to normal or near-normal levels (mean 764 mU/L; median 260; range: < 10-4,833). Of the @entity1 in whom adequate reassessment had been performed, thyrotroph function recovered in 4/9, corticotroph function in 4/6 and gonadotroph function in 16/26 cases. In four cases (11%) previously described, development of @entity227 as a result of the chiasmal traction syndrome necessitated a dose reduction in medical therapy to allow a degree of controlled @entity5 re-expansion. The prevalence at diagnosis of TSH and @entity16054 in @entity1 with @entity2013 was 41% and 23%, respectively. Among eight @entity1 with insufficiency of TSH and/or ACTH secretion who underwent complete interval reassessment over several years of treatment, recovery of at least one @entity2270 occurred in six cases (75%). This study highlights the importance of screening ACTH- and/or TSH-deficient @entity1 during @entity935 agonist therapy in order to identify cases where @entity4614 has resolved.

title: Medical therapy of XXXX in males: I. Prevalence of @entity4614 at diagnosis. II. Proportion of cases exhibiting recovery of pituitary function.

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['macroprolactinomas']


abstract: Conflicting data have emerged regarding the role of complement activation in the pathophysiology of @entity2806 . On the basis of considerable evidence implicating inflammatory mediators in the progression of neonatal @entity1545 , we evaluated the contribution of complement activation to cerebral @entity63 in the neonatal @entity35 . To elicit unilateral @entity63 , 7-d-old @entity35 underwent right carotid ligation followed by 1.5-2 hr of exposure to 8% @entity26 . Using immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays, we determined that HI induces local complement cascade activation as early as 8 hr post-HI; there was an eightfold increase in the activation fragment inactivated C3b at 16 hr. With immunofluorescence assays and confocal microscopy, both @entity70909 were localized to injured neurons 16 and 24 hr post-HI. To investigate the contribution of systemic complement to @entity1545 , we administered the complement-depleting agent cobra venom factor (CVF) 24 hr before HI lesioning and evaluated both acute HI-induced complement deposition and the extent of resulting tissue injury 5 d after lesioning. CVF depleted both systemic and brain C3 by the time of surgery and reduced @entity1188 size. Analysis of lesioned, CVF-treated animals demonstrated minimal neuronal C3 deposition but no reduction in C9 deposition. C3-immunoreactive microglia were identified in injured areas. These results indicate that complement activation contributes to @entity63 in neonatal @entity35 brain, systemic administration of CVF does not eliminate complement deposition within injured brain, and microglia may represent an important local source of C3 after @entity131 .

title: Complement activation contributes to XXXX in neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury', 'HI injury', 'forebrain HI injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain injury']


abstract: Conflicting data have emerged regarding the role of complement activation in the pathophysiology of @entity2806 . On the basis of considerable evidence implicating inflammatory mediators in the progression of neonatal @entity1545 , we evaluated the contribution of complement activation to cerebral @entity63 in the neonatal @entity35 . To elicit unilateral @entity63 , 7-d-old @entity35 underwent right carotid ligation followed by 1.5-2 hr of exposure to 8% @entity26 . Using immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays, we determined that HI induces local complement cascade activation as early as 8 hr post-HI; there was an eightfold increase in the activation fragment inactivated C3b at 16 hr. With immunofluorescence assays and confocal microscopy, both @entity70909 were localized to injured neurons 16 and 24 hr post-HI. To investigate the contribution of systemic complement to @entity1545 , we administered the complement-depleting agent cobra venom factor (CVF) 24 hr before HI lesioning and evaluated both acute HI-induced complement deposition and the extent of resulting tissue injury 5 d after lesioning. CVF depleted both systemic and brain C3 by the time of surgery and reduced @entity1188 size. Analysis of lesioned, CVF-treated animals demonstrated minimal neuronal C3 deposition but no reduction in C9 deposition. C3-immunoreactive microglia were identified in injured areas. These results indicate that complement activation contributes to @entity63 in neonatal @entity35 brain, systemic administration of CVF does not eliminate complement deposition within injured brain, and microglia may represent an important local source of C3 after @entity131 .

title: Complement activation contributes to @entity2806 in neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We investigated the changes in sexual function in male @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 continuously disease free after one or two courses of high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support. A questionnaire was mailed to 35 @entity1 , and 30 @entity1 sent it back. Sexuality was considered a problem by 10 @entity1 (33%), but no @entity1 considered sexuality a major problem. Erection was more difficult to achieve in seven @entity1 (23%) and 10 @entity1 (33%) experienced increased difficulty in maintaining an erection. Eight @entity1 (27%) had the experience of less intensive and less frequent orgasm. In all, 13 @entity1 (43%) thought that both the disease and treatment had worsened their sexual capacity, but 20 @entity1 (67%) were satisfied with their sex life. Most of the @entity1 (63%) considered that insufficient information and counselling had been given by their physicians about the sexual sequelae of therapy. However, the amount of information about the disease and treatment was considered good by 77 and 80% of the @entity1 , respectively. This study shows that 27% of @entity1 were not content with their ability to attain sexual satisfaction due to the illness or its treatment. Communication is an important issue and better information tools could lead to improved compliance in these @entity1 .

title: Sexual functions after high-dose chemotherapy in survivors of germ cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1764 is a very serious complication after cardiac surgery. To date, the optimal treatment of @entity1764 is still controversial: the "closed wound" procedures and the "open wound" treatments are the two conventional modalities reported in the literature. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2000, 20 @entity1 , who had previously been submitted to cardiac surgery, were treated by a modification of the "open wound" treatment strategy for postoperative @entity1764 . All @entity1 were scheduled for 2, 6, and 12-month clinical follow-up. The procedure performed consisted of three major steps: 1) early sternum reopening, followed by phase 2) including irrigation of the wound 3 times daily, and the final step 3) of delayed reconstructive surgery using the pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flap closure technique. We prospectively analyzed the short- and long-term results of these procedures. RESULTS: The overall duration of hospitalization was 25 +/- 10 days; no @entity1 required intensive care unit permanency. Clinical success was achieved in all 20 cases (100%). No recurrences of local (such as @entity292 or abscesses) or @entity281 were noted, and no @entity1 required sternal reopening during follow-up. An optimal cosmetic result was obtained in all @entity1 and only 2 cases had persistent sternal @entity158 regressing at the 6-month follow-up control. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that for @entity1 with severe @entity1764 , this treatment strategy is safe. The clinical and esthetic success rates are high, the recovery time rapid, and the rates of short- and long-term complications very low.

title: Treatment of XXXX using an open irrigation and delayed sternal reconstruction with a pectoralis major muscle flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis', 'Mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: @entity977 most commonly are identified as small, incidental microadenomas. They however may progress to macroadenoma forming intra and @entity5 which in about 1/3 of cases invade surrounding structures at the time of diagnosis. Mechanism of @entity105 remains still elusive. Because the value of karyotyping is limited by the technical problems related to cytogenetic methods, we studied the spectrum of chromosomal imbalances associated with @entity977 using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Copy number aberrations on all 22 autosomes were evaluated by CGH using advanced computer software. In total, fifteen @entity1 were included in the study of 9 non-invasive, 4 invasive and two recurrent @entity652 . The mean age of the @entity1 were 48 years ranging from 36 to 68 years. @entity5 showed hormonal activity. The histogram of all 15 cases representing the DNA imbalances as an incidence curve along each chromosome showed losses particularly for chromosomes 1p, 2q, 4, 5, 6, 11q, 12q, 13q and 18q as well as overrepresentation on 9q, 16p, 17p, 19, 20q. Functioning @entity652 carried more imbalances than non-functioning, specifically deletions on chromosome 4 and 18q as well as overrepresentations of chromosomes 17 and 19. Invasive @entity652 carried more overrepresentations at 1p34 than non-invasive @entity5 . Recurrent @entity652 harbored more alterations than @entity5 , particularly DNA gains. The primary data is accessible at our CGH online @entity5 database at http://amba.charite.de/cgh. Reviewing the existing literature on the genetics of @entity977 and discussing our results in this context, we hope that our study will contribute to the knowledge of this @entity5 .

title: Genomic instability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'later suprasellar tumors', 'primary tumors', 'Five tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumorigenesis']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: The differential diagnosis of @entity5 at the base of the skull comprises @entity1653 , @entity808 , @entity11 , @entity189 , @entity3580 , epidermoids, and @entity977 . About half of the @entity977 are @entity2013 which are unique in a sense that medical therapy causes rapid @entity5 shrinkage and symptomatic improvement. We report on two @entity1 in which the diagnosis of an invasive @entity2013 was masked by apparently low @entity4090 levels caused by a high-dose hook effect in the chemiluminometric assay. The first case a 49 year old male with impairment of hearing on the left side was presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. A massive invasively growing @entity5 was demonstrated on a cranial MRI. Endocrine tests revealed @entity4611 . The @entity1 underwent debulking surgery, occipitocervical fusion because of destruction of the first cervical vertebra and subsequent irradiation. The histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity2013 . A repeat @entity4090 (PRL) sample, which was assayed using serial dilutions, revealed a real PRL level of 89,700 ng/ml. @entity935 agonist therapy was initiated under which PRL levels declined in parallel with @entity5 size. The second case a 40 year old male was presented with acute @entity227 . Cranial MRI showed a large @entity5 at the base of the skull. Based on a transnasal biopsy, the preliminary diagnosis was a poorly differentiated @entity189 for which emergency irradiation was performed. Endocrine tests demonstrated partial @entity4614 and moderate @entity4089 . @entity701 was substituted and @entity935 agonist therapy was started because of moderate @entity4089 . The final histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity2013 . A repeat PRL sample assayed in serial dilution demonstrated an apparent rise in PRL with a maximum value of 6,460 ng/ml. Under @entity935 agonist therapy, PRL declined to normal values, @entity5 size decreased and @entity129 disappeared. The apparently falsely low @entity4090 levels in the initial work-up of both @entity1 were caused by a high-dose hook effect in the PRL assay. Serial dilutions of serum PRL samples is, therefore, mandatory in the diagnostic work-up of @entity1 with large invasive @entity5 at the base of the skull. This avoids unnecessary aggressive and dangerous treatment like surgery or radiotherapy in cases where pharmacological treatment may be the choice.

title: Falsely low serum XXXX in two cases of invasive @entity2013 .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinoma', 'prolactinomas', 'prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'metastatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['normal pituitary function and normoprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: The differential diagnosis of @entity5 at the base of the skull comprises @entity1653 , @entity808 , @entity11 , @entity189 , @entity3580 , epidermoids, and @entity977 . About half of the @entity977 are @entity2013 which are unique in a sense that medical therapy causes rapid @entity5 shrinkage and symptomatic improvement. We report on two @entity1 in which the diagnosis of an invasive @entity2013 was masked by apparently low @entity4090 levels caused by a high-dose hook effect in the chemiluminometric assay. The first case a 49 year old male with impairment of hearing on the left side was presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. A massive invasively growing @entity5 was demonstrated on a cranial MRI. Endocrine tests revealed @entity4611 . The @entity1 underwent debulking surgery, occipitocervical fusion because of destruction of the first cervical vertebra and subsequent irradiation. The histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity2013 . A repeat @entity4090 (PRL) sample, which was assayed using serial dilutions, revealed a real PRL level of 89,700 ng/ml. @entity935 agonist therapy was initiated under which PRL levels declined in parallel with @entity5 size. The second case a 40 year old male was presented with acute @entity227 . Cranial MRI showed a large @entity5 at the base of the skull. Based on a transnasal biopsy, the preliminary diagnosis was a poorly differentiated @entity189 for which emergency irradiation was performed. Endocrine tests demonstrated partial @entity4614 and moderate @entity4089 . @entity701 was substituted and @entity935 agonist therapy was started because of moderate @entity4089 . The final histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity2013 . A repeat PRL sample assayed in serial dilution demonstrated an apparent rise in PRL with a maximum value of 6,460 ng/ml. Under @entity935 agonist therapy, PRL declined to normal values, @entity5 size decreased and @entity129 disappeared. The apparently falsely low @entity4090 levels in the initial work-up of both @entity1 were caused by a high-dose hook effect in the PRL assay. Serial dilutions of serum PRL samples is, therefore, mandatory in the diagnostic work-up of @entity1 with large invasive @entity5 at the base of the skull. This avoids unnecessary aggressive and dangerous treatment like surgery or radiotherapy in cases where pharmacological treatment may be the choice.

title: Falsely low serum @entity4090 in two cases of invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['macroprolactinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many changes and improvement have taken place in the management of head injured @entity1 in the last 20 years. There have been few recent studies analysing the overall outcomes including early complications of @entity13668 . The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine the factors influencing the surgical outcome of @entity1 with @entity13668 . METHODS: We reviewed case notes of 73 consecutive surgically treated @entity13668 during the period from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1998 admitted to the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool. RESULTS: There was a male preponderance of 9:1. Alleged assault was the most common cause of @entity13668 followed by road traffic accidents. @entity86 rate was 8.2%. More than 80% of @entity1 received prophylactic antibiotics. We failed to show any statistically significant association between the use of antibiotics and @entity281 . However, prevalence of infection was significantly associated with @entity131 , low GCS score and dural tear (P < 0.05). Prevalence of early @entity32933 was 12.3%. No @entity1 received prophylactic anticonvulsants. There was no significant association between dural tear and prevalence of @entity32933 . Mortality rate was 1.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric populations have better outcome; 7 out of 10 @entity1 in this series progressed to full recovery. Use of prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce the infection rate. Presence of dural tear was not associated with an increase risk of @entity32933 .

title: A 5-year study of the outcome of surgically treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain contusion']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['depressed skull fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the rate of infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity32933 :: ('MESH:D004834', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic epilepsy']

answer: @entity13668 :: (MESH:D020204,Disease) :: ['depressed skull fractures']


abstract: In order to assess the current status of prenatal diagnosis of @entity154 requiring surgical management in the area of Lower Silesia, a retrospective study of medical charts of all neonates admitted to the Department of Paediatric Surgery in Wroc  aw between 1997 and 2000 was undertaken. 218 babies affected by anomalies detectable antenatally by conventional ultrasound scan were subjected to the further study. @entity601 and abdominal wall defects were the most common and were diagnosed in 63 and 38 @entity1 respectively. The incidence of other @entity154 ; @entity1276 , oesophageal, duodenal and intestinal @entity1146 , @entity2914 and @entity5450 was similar in each group. The suspicion of anatomical defect or its precise recognition was made antenatally in 52 pregnancies (23.8%). The highest rate of positive prenatal diagnosis was noted among babies with @entity1276 (50%) and @entity5450 (42.8%). In other groups this rate was significantly less. Critical analysis of postnatal management in studied cases revealed that the babies with @entity1146 of gastrointestinal tract, @entity2914 and abdominal wall defects were negatively affected by a lack of prenatal recognition of the defect. Moreover, in more than 40% of all analysed pregnancies presence of risk factors (positive family history, course of pregnancy, mother's age, @entity2978 , @entity2906 , previous abnormal pregnancies) were identified that should have prompted an obstetrician to a through diagnostic evaluation of the foetus. The obtained results clearly indicate the necessity for the elaboration of a new protocol of antenatal care of pregnant @entity1 in the Lower Silesia. In case of suspected anomaly amenable to operative correction within the first days of life, paediatric surgeon should be an active member of a specialist team responsible for care of mother and her baby.

title: [Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX requiring surgical management in the Lower Silesia--fact or fiction?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia', 'congenital diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: On October 21, 1995, a 45-year-old @entity1 underwent mastectomy (Kodama's procedure), preserving the thoracic muscles, based on the diagnosis of @entity0 (T2aN1bM0). After surgery, she received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CAF) using @entity4349 and other drugs. Thereafter she was orally treated with UFT for 2 years. She developed @entity5 recurrence in her liver 3 years after surgery. At that time, she was initially scheduled to undergo partial hepatectomy (including the @entity5 -affected area), but it was later judged that radical surgery was impossible due to the presence of @entity75 in both lobes of the liver. A reservoir was therefore installed in the hepatic artery. Ten days after reservoir installation, intra-arterial infusion of @entity1311 (80 mg/m2), dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline, was performed for one hour, using the installed reservoir. This treatment was administered once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by one week of rest. After 3 cycles of this regimen, the liver @entity3 had disappeared completely. At present, 2 years after the beginning of this therapy, the @entity1 remains in a state of CR (complete response). Grade 2 alopecia and grade 1 @entity1897 were the only adverse reactions observed.

title: [A case of liver @entity3 of XXXX successfully treated with @entity1311 infusion into the hepatic artery: an attempt of once weekly regimen].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['right breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: On October 21, 1995, a 45-year-old @entity1 underwent mastectomy (Kodama's procedure), preserving the thoracic muscles, based on the diagnosis of @entity0 (T2aN1bM0). After surgery, she received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CAF) using @entity4349 and other drugs. Thereafter she was orally treated with UFT for 2 years. She developed @entity5 recurrence in her liver 3 years after surgery. At that time, she was initially scheduled to undergo partial hepatectomy (including the @entity5 -affected area), but it was later judged that radical surgery was impossible due to the presence of @entity75 in both lobes of the liver. A reservoir was therefore installed in the hepatic artery. Ten days after reservoir installation, intra-arterial infusion of @entity1311 (80 mg/m2), dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline, was performed for one hour, using the installed reservoir. This treatment was administered once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by one week of rest. After 3 cycles of this regimen, the liver @entity3 had disappeared completely. At present, 2 years after the beginning of this therapy, the @entity1 remains in a state of CR (complete response). Grade 2 alopecia and grade 1 @entity1897 were the only adverse reactions observed.

title: [A case of liver XXXX of @entity0 successfully treated with @entity1311 infusion into the hepatic artery: an attempt of once weekly regimen].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: On October 21, 1995, a 45-year-old @entity1 underwent mastectomy (Kodama's procedure), preserving the thoracic muscles, based on the diagnosis of @entity0 (T2aN1bM0). After surgery, she received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CAF) using @entity4349 and other drugs. Thereafter she was orally treated with UFT for 2 years. She developed @entity5 recurrence in her liver 3 years after surgery. At that time, she was initially scheduled to undergo partial hepatectomy (including the @entity5 -affected area), but it was later judged that radical surgery was impossible due to the presence of @entity75 in both lobes of the liver. A reservoir was therefore installed in the hepatic artery. Ten days after reservoir installation, intra-arterial infusion of @entity1311 (80 mg/m2), dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline, was performed for one hour, using the installed reservoir. This treatment was administered once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by one week of rest. After 3 cycles of this regimen, the liver @entity3 had disappeared completely. At present, 2 years after the beginning of this therapy, the @entity1 remains in a state of CR (complete response). Grade 2 alopecia and grade 1 @entity1897 were the only adverse reactions observed.

title: [A case of liver @entity3 of @entity0 successfully treated with XXXX infusion into the hepatic artery: an attempt of once weekly regimen].

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: The precise cellular mechanism of @entity3061 in @entity66 is still unknown. The aim of the study was to screen for new gene products in macrophages during particle contact. METHOD: In an established macrophage model @entity1357 -cells ( @entity1 monocytic cells) were differentiated under the influence of @entity3875 and @entity2841 into macrophage-like cells (MLC). MLCs were incubated each with different concentrations of @entity691 particles, Lipopolysaccharids (LPS) and controls. Isolated RNA was transcribed into complementary radioactive 32P labeled cDNA. This probe was hybridised on an @entity1 cDNA expression array and analysed by autoradiography. To obtain a more reliable method quantifying mRNA, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used. RESULTS: The arrays showed an upregulation of the following genes by particles: TNF-Rezeptor 2, @entity1193 , Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 and HM 145. This was proven three times using RT-PCR and statistically significant in comparison to the controls. LPS induced the same upregulation except for HM145 whereas particles caused downregulation of this mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Our results prove that the model of differentiated THP-1 cells treated with PE particles is a suitable system to analyse differential gene expression patterns, since the induction of the major positive control genes @entity310 and @entity1356 were detected by this approach. @entity13062 is known as signal protein which mediates ectopic bone formation and can also be interpreted as a contra regulatory gene. HM 145 belongs to the leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptor family. HM 145 seems to be one of the first genes that is enhanced along the septical pathway but less expressed by contact with particles. Analysis of HM 145 expression might help to diagnose septic versus aseptic loosening of prosthesis.

title: Detection of differentially expressed genes in XXXX using array-filter analysis.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['particle disease']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 Receptor Antagonist']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['particle disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical picture of @entity810 in @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and @entity8 . To analyze the pathogenesis of @entity177 . METHODS: Correlation of clinical picture, urinary findings, imaging reports and autopsy findings in two @entity1 with long-standing @entity4888 who died with @entity177 . CASE SUMMARIES: Both subjects had sustained @entity1458 in the last 2 weeks. One @entity1 had persistent @entity551 , normal urinalysis, normal renal sonogram, and scarce @entity1986 with preservation of renal parenchymal architecture. He was thought to have ischemic @entity810 not directly linked to the @entity2617 . The second @entity1 developed @entity101 one month prior to death, and had moderate @entity644 , @entity811 , @entity4658 , grossly enlarged kidneys with hypoechoic masses, and extensive replacement of the renal parenchyma by @entity2617 . This picture is typical of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity177 in @entity4888 with @entity8 may have varying clinical and imaging manifestations and pathogeneses. Potentially reversible pathogenic mechanisms should be systematically investigated, particularly if the overall clinical picture is not characteristic of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the parenchyma.

title: Oliguric XXXX in @entity4888 with @entity2617 in the kidneys.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lymphomatous infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oliguric renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lymphomatous infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical picture of @entity810 in @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and @entity8 . To analyze the pathogenesis of @entity177 . METHODS: Correlation of clinical picture, urinary findings, imaging reports and autopsy findings in two @entity1 with long-standing @entity4888 who died with @entity177 . CASE SUMMARIES: Both subjects had sustained @entity1458 in the last 2 weeks. One @entity1 had persistent @entity551 , normal urinalysis, normal renal sonogram, and scarce @entity1986 with preservation of renal parenchymal architecture. He was thought to have ischemic @entity810 not directly linked to the @entity2617 . The second @entity1 developed @entity101 one month prior to death, and had moderate @entity644 , @entity811 , @entity4658 , grossly enlarged kidneys with hypoechoic masses, and extensive replacement of the renal parenchyma by @entity2617 . This picture is typical of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity177 in @entity4888 with @entity8 may have varying clinical and imaging manifestations and pathogeneses. Potentially reversible pathogenic mechanisms should be systematically investigated, particularly if the overall clinical picture is not characteristic of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the parenchyma.

title: Oliguric @entity810 in @entity4888 with XXXX in the kidneys.

answer: @entity2617 :: (MESH:D017254,Disease) :: ['lymphomatous infiltrates']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical picture of @entity810 in @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and @entity8 . To analyze the pathogenesis of @entity177 . METHODS: Correlation of clinical picture, urinary findings, imaging reports and autopsy findings in two @entity1 with long-standing @entity4888 who died with @entity177 . CASE SUMMARIES: Both subjects had sustained @entity1458 in the last 2 weeks. One @entity1 had persistent @entity551 , normal urinalysis, normal renal sonogram, and scarce @entity1986 with preservation of renal parenchymal architecture. He was thought to have ischemic @entity810 not directly linked to the @entity2617 . The second @entity1 developed @entity101 one month prior to death, and had moderate @entity644 , @entity811 , @entity4658 , grossly enlarged kidneys with hypoechoic masses, and extensive replacement of the renal parenchyma by @entity2617 . This picture is typical of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity177 in @entity4888 with @entity8 may have varying clinical and imaging manifestations and pathogeneses. Potentially reversible pathogenic mechanisms should be systematically investigated, particularly if the overall clinical picture is not characteristic of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the parenchyma.

title: Oliguric @entity810 in XXXX with @entity2617 in the kidneys.

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']