abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt @entity764 (BTAIs) remain a leading cause of @entity204 after blunt @entity130 . In severe @entity130 , thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has provided a less invasive alternative to conventional open repair. OBJECTIVE: To report the TEVAR-related complications and uncertainties in @entity1 who presented with traumatic @entity2849 (grade III BTAI). METHODS: From April 2004 to February 2012, 55 @entity1 (42 male, mean age 34.7 years) with severe BTAI were treated with stent grafts. Computed tomography (CT) was used to diagnose the @entity130 , and follow-up scans were planned at 6 and 12 months. We report the complications and the technical uncertainties related to the procedure. RESULTS: Successful sealing of the injury sites was achieved in all @entity1 , either with a thoracic stent graft (53/55) or infrarenal @entity449 extender cuffs (2/55). During hospitalisation, 13 @entity1 died after TEVAR (mean 14 days). Procedure-related complications included left common carotid artery coverage (1/55), ischaemic left leg (1/55) and graft collapse (1/55). The procedurerelated uncertainties included excessive graft oversizing (15/55), poor graft apposition to the inner curve of the aorta (19/55) and left subclavian artery coverage (24/55). CONCLUSION: Stent grafts appear safe and effective in treating @entity2849 caused by BTAI. However, they are likely to be associated with long-term complications and monitoring strategies of >30 years may be necessary.

title: Lessons learned from the endovascular management of blunt XXXX : A single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic injuries']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: Approximately 10-15% of @entity0 @entity1 treated by breast conserving surgery (BCS) and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) will develop ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence (IBTR). International guidelines suggest total mastectomy as treatment of choice for IBTR following lumpectomy and RT. Nevertheless, there is evidence that second BCS might be equally sufficient. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with IBTR diagnosed between 1990 and 2014 after BCS and RT were included (n  =  170). 34.1% @entity1 underwent secondary BCS, whereas 65.9% were treated by mastectomy. We determined predictive factors for @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ), disease free survival (DFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) comparing these two groups. RESULTS: Median follow-up after primary IBTR was 49 months (59 months for @entity1 still alive at time of analysis). Five-year IBTR-free rate after secondary BCS was 77.6% (SD      6.1%) and 75.0% (SD      4.5%) for @entity1 after mastectomy. Five-year DFS was 57.3% (SD      8.2%), and 61.9% (SD      5.5%), five-year @entity1349 was 84.7% (SD      5.8%), and 72.6% (SD      5.1%), respectively. Prior adjuvant systemic therapy, muscular invasion, and skin infiltration were independent significant risk factors for a shorter @entity2631 . Additionally, lymphovascular infiltration (LVI) in the IBTR increased the risk for a shorter DFS. LVI, muscular invasion, and skin infiltration were identified as independent significant risk factors for a shorter @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: No significant difference in local control, DFS, and @entity1349 was seen between IBTR @entity1 treated either by secondary BCS or mastectomy. Our data suggest that secondary BCS for IBTR @entity1 after initial BCS and RT is feasible in selected @entity1 .

title: Surgical management of ipsilateral XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to local progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2583 is a rare presentation for @entity1 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), primarily affecting immunocompromised @entity1 . Multiple forms of @entity281 are present, and with poor prognosis, @entity341 diagnosis and treatment of this deadly condition are necessary. OBJECTIVE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the presentations and forms of @entity2583 , diagnosis, and treatment of this @entity66 . DISCUSSION: This review provides background on the fungi causing @entity2583 , which are prevalent in nature. The article discusses the risk factors for @entity281 with @entity2583 , as normal hosts are able to clear the disease, but immunocompromised and @entity6 @entity1 are at risk for organism inoculation and spread. The fungi are angioinvasive and cause @entity39 . This article describes the various forms of the disease: rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, renal, disseminated, and cutaneous. Finally, this review evaluates diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. CONCLUSION: Emergency department diagnosis and treatment are necessary in @entity1 with @entity281 with @entity2583 . Physicians should be suspicious of this disease in immunocompromised and @entity6 @entity1 . Treatment requires antifungal agents such as @entity2379 and surgical debridement. Prognosis is poor.

title: XXXX : what do emergency physicians need to know?

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis', 'Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['Mucormycosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity17053 features @entity1141 . To date, there has been no curative therapy for this @entity1141 . No systemic report on a long-term effect of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for Morquio A has been described. We conducted @entity8 for 4 cases with Morquio A (age at @entity8 : 4-15years, mean 10.5years) and followed them at least 10years (range 11-28years; mean 19years). Current age ranged between 25 and 36years of age (mean 29.5years). All cases had a successful full engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation without serious GVHD. Transplanted bone marrow derived from HLA-identical siblings (three cases) or HLA-identical unrelated donor. The levels of the enzyme activity in the recipient's lymphocytes reached the levels of donors' enzyme activities within two years after @entity8 . For the successive over 10years post-BMT, @entity9764 activity in lymphocytes was maintained at the same level as the donors. Except one case who had osteotomy in both legs one year later post BMT, other three cases had no orthopedic surgical intervention. All cases remained ambulatory, and three of them could walk over 400m. Activity of daily living (ADL) in @entity1 with @entity8 was better than untreated @entity1 . The @entity1 who underwent @entity8 at four years of age showed the best ADL score. In conclusion, the long-term study of @entity8 has demonstrated therapeutic effect in amelioration of progression of the disease in respiratory function, ADL, and biochemical findings, suggesting that @entity8 is a therapeutic option for @entity1 with Morquio A.

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic stem cell transplantation', 'HSCT']

entities_list: @entity17053 :: ('MESH:D009085', 'Disease') :: ['Morquio A syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal dysplasia', 'systemic skeletal dysplasia']

answer: @entity17053 :: (MESH:D009085,Disease) :: ['Morquio A syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17566 is a chronic disease caused mainly by @entity13556 species that belong to Viannia subgenus. It affects upper respiratory airways and may lead to @entity85 , @entity1282 , and even @entity204 in severe cases. Diagnosis is a challenge because clinical and histopathologic changes are easily confused with other diseases, and conventional methods for parasite identification and culture have a low sensitivity. Molecular methods have been used in the last two decades. In 2007, we published a validation study using internal transcript spacers and kinetoplast DNA as molecular targets with satisfactory results. In this research, we tested miniexon gene as the target. METHODS: Mucosal tissue samples from 60 Colombian @entity1 with clinical signs of @entity17566 were included. A composite reference standard defined 30 cases and 30 controls. Two blind observers performed @entity1 classification and test application independently. Miniexon gene amplification generated: 226-230 bp fragment for subgenus Viannia; 308 bp fragment for L. amazonensis; 340 bp fragment for L. mexicana; and 418 bp fragment for @entity13556 -chagasi. RESULTS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sensitivity for fresh samples was 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 72.2-100), specificity, 95% (95% CI 83.0-100), and positive likelihood ratio was 17.5 (95% CI 2.58-118.93), similar to results obtained with @entity982 -embedded samples. Agreement between observers was 96% (kappa = 0.912; 95% CI 0.815-1.000) for both subgenus Viannia and @entity13556 . CONCLUSIONS: We consider PCR-miniexon as a diagnostic method of first choice for @entity17566 due to its excellent diagnostic performance and its ability to discriminate between @entity13556 and Viannia subgenera as well as between species belonging to @entity13556 subgenus.

title: Polymerase chain reaction-miniexon: a promising diagnostic method for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13556 :: ('5671', 'Species') :: ['L. infantum', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity17566 :: ('MESH:D007897', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous leishmaniasis', 'Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity17566 :: (MESH:D007897,Disease) :: ['mucocutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Quality improvement depends on data collection and audit of clinical services to inform clinical improvements. Various steps in the care of the @entity6 can be used to audit a service but need defined audit standards. A @entity6 foot service should have risk stratification system in place that should compare to the population based figures of 76% having low risk feet, 17% moderate risk and 7% being at high risk of @entity1066 . Resources can then be directed towards those with high risk feet. Prevalence of foot @entity1066 needs audited. Community based studies give an audit standard of around 2%, with 2 to 9% having had an @entity1066 at some stage in the past. Amputation rates should be easier to measure and the best results are reported to be around 1.5-3 per 1,000 @entity1 with @entity6 . This is a useful benchmark figure and the rate has been shown to decrease by approximately a third over the last fifteen years in some centres. Ulceration rates and @entity1066 rates are the ultimate outcome audit measure as they are always undesirable, whilst occasionally for defined individuals an amputation can be a good outcome. In addition to clinical outcomes, processes of care can be audited such as provision of clinical services, time from new @entity1066 to be seen by health-care professional, in- @entity1 foot care or use of antibiotics. Measurement of clinical services can be a challenge in the @entity6 , but it is essential if clinical services and @entity1 outcomes are to be improved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: When and how to audit a XXXX service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic foot']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot']


abstract: Excessive neutrophil stimulation and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production are involved in numerous @entity1 or @entity1641 pathologies. The modulation of the neutrophil @entity1110 oxidase (NOX) has a great therapeutic potential since this enzyme produces @entity224 anion whose most of the other ROS derive. The measurement of NOX activity by cell-free systems is often used to test potential inhibitors of the enzyme. A major drawback of this technique is the possible interferences between inhibitors and the probe, ferricytochrome c, used to measure the activity. We designed the "EquiNox2", a new pharmacological tool, to determine the direct interaction of potential inhibitors with @entity1641 phagocytic NOX and their effect on the enzyme activity or assembly. This method consists in binding the membrane fractions of neutrophils containing flavocytochrome b558 or the entire complex, reconstituted in vitro from membrane and cytosolic fractions of PMNs, onto the wells of a microplate followed by incubation with potential inhibitors or drugs. After incubation, the excess of the drug is simply eliminated or washed prior measuring the activity of the reconstituted complex. This latter step avoid the risk of interference between the inhibitor and the revelation solution and can distinguish if inhibitors, strongly bound or not, could interfere with the assembly of the enzymatic complex or with its activity. The EquiNox2 was validated using @entity2233 and Gp91ds-tat, two well-known inhibitors largely described for @entity1 @entity1110 oxidase. The present technique was used to study and understand better the effect of @entity6108 and its water-soluble derivative, NDS27, on the assembly and activity of NOX. We demonstrated that @entity6108 and NDS27 can strongly bind to the enzyme and prevents its assembly making these molecules good candidates for the treatment of @entity1641 or @entity1 pathologies implying an excessive activation of neutrophils.

title: EquiNox2: A new method to measure XXXX oxidase activity and to study effect of inhibitors and their interactions with the enzyme.

entities_list: @entity2233 :: ('MESH:C031291', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenyliodonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be used to treat renal masses in @entity1 where surgery is preferably avoided. As @entity5 size and location can affect ablation results, procedural planning needs to identify these factors to limit treatment to a single session and increase ablation success. PURPOSE: To identify factors that may affect the primary efficacy of complete @entity703 ablation with radiofrequency after a single session. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Percutaneous RFA (using an impedance based system) was performed using computed tomography (CT) guidance. Fifty-two @entity703 (in 44 @entity1 ) were retrospectively studied (median follow-up, 7 months). Data collection included @entity1 demographics, @entity5 data (modified Renal Nephrometry Score, histopathological diagnosis), RFA treatment data (electrode placement), and follow-up results ( @entity5 relapse). Data were analyzed through generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Primary efficacy rate was 83%. Predictors for complete ablation were optimal electrode placement (P   =   0.002, OR   =   16.67) and increasing distance to the collecting system (P   =   0.02, OR   =   1.18). @entity5 size was not a predictor for complete ablation (median size, 24   mm; P   =   0.069, OR   =   0.47), but all @entity5  <=2   cm were completely ablated. All @entity5 and @entity1637 were completely ablated in a single session; the most common incompletely ablated @entity5 type was @entity1358 (6 of 9). CONCLUSION: Optimal electrode placement and a long distance from the collecting system are associated with an increased primary efficacy of @entity703 RFA. These variables need to be considered to increase primary ablation success. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of RFA on histopathologically different @entity703 .

title: Predictive factors for complete XXXX ablation using RFA.

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only few previous case reports have been found focusing on the imaging findings of adult @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ). PURPOSE: To characterize multislice computed tomography (MSCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, and follow-up results of adult @entity3969 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity3969 were studied retrospectively. MSCT and MRI were undertaken to investigate the @entity5 characteristics. RESULTS: @entity5 (mean diameter, 13.1        4.5   cm) exhibited an expansible appearance and disrupted the reniform contour (16/16), cystic components (16/16), curvilinear calcification (1/16), poorly marginated (2/16), @entity548 (16/16), displacement of renal pelvis or calyx (13/16), and had lymph node or distal metastases (5/16). Attenuation of @entity3969 was less or equal compared to renal parenchyma on unenhanced CT (P   >   0.05), while @entity5 enhancement after administration of a contrast agent was lower than that of normal renal parenchyma (P   <   0.05). @entity3969 was isointense on T1-weighted (T1W) imaging, isointense or hypointense on T2-weighted (T2W) imaging. @entity5 enhancement was less than normal renal cortex in all phases (P   <   0.05). The number of @entity5 stages (grades I, II, III, and IV) was two, three, six, and five cases, respectively. Follow-up time was in the range of 19-123 months; six @entity1 died within 3 years, six @entity1 died within 5 years after the initial diagnosis, with the remaining @entity1 still alive. CONCLUSION: Adult @entity3969 tends to be a large @entity5 , isointense or hypointense on T2W imaging with enhancement less than normal renal parenchyma in all phases. The long-term follow-up results demonstrated the poor prognosis of the @entity5 .

title: CT and MRI imaging features and long-term follow-up of adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kinins are important vasoactive peptides, but the role of the B1 receptor subtype in the vascular control is poorly understood. This study analyzed the @entity842 (NO) release, @entity8561 ( @entity534 ) uptake and the expression of the cationic @entity3689 transporter (CAT) -1 in endothelial cells obtained from B1 receptor knockout (B1-/-) and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . NO production was assessed through a fluorescent dye in living cells stimulated with @entity934 . @entity534 uptake was determined indirectly in the culture medium by HPLC, in the presence or absence of the @entity71161 blocker @entity8816 ( @entity17462 ). @entity71161 mRNA levels and protein expression were determined by qPCR and western blot, respectively. NO release was significantly reduced in B1-/- when compared to @entity164 cells. This result was accompanied by a decreased rate in the @entity534 uptake by B1-/- cells. Incubation with @entity17462 impaired the @entity534 uptake in @entity164 , but had no effect in B1-/- cells. Protein expression and mRNA levels for @entity71161 were reduced in B1-/- in comparison to @entity164 cells. These findings suggest an important role of the endothelial B1 receptor in the vascular control by interfering with @entity71161 expression, @entity534 uptake and NO release.

title: XXXX Transport and @entity842 Production in Kinin Receptor B1-/- Endothelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity8561 :: (D001120,Chemical) :: ['L-Arginine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kinins are important vasoactive peptides, but the role of the B1 receptor subtype in the vascular control is poorly understood. This study analyzed the @entity842 (NO) release, @entity8561 ( @entity534 ) uptake and the expression of the cationic @entity3689 transporter (CAT) -1 in endothelial cells obtained from B1 receptor knockout (B1-/-) and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . NO production was assessed through a fluorescent dye in living cells stimulated with @entity934 . @entity534 uptake was determined indirectly in the culture medium by HPLC, in the presence or absence of the @entity71161 blocker @entity8816 ( @entity17462 ). @entity71161 mRNA levels and protein expression were determined by qPCR and western blot, respectively. NO release was significantly reduced in B1-/- when compared to @entity164 cells. This result was accompanied by a decreased rate in the @entity534 uptake by B1-/- cells. Incubation with @entity17462 impaired the @entity534 uptake in @entity164 , but had no effect in B1-/- cells. Protein expression and mRNA levels for @entity71161 were reduced in B1-/- in comparison to @entity164 cells. These findings suggest an important role of the endothelial B1 receptor in the vascular control by interfering with @entity71161 expression, @entity534 uptake and NO release.

title: @entity8561 Transport and XXXX Production in Kinin Receptor B1-/- Endothelial Cells.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity1 are frequent users of healthcare services and are prone to hospital admissions. In Valencia (Spain) the Valcronic programme aims to manage chronic @entity1 through different levels of telemonitoring and telecare. This paper examines the impact of the Valcronic programme on self-perceived HRQOL in a one-year period and on perceptions of satisfaction and usefulness in a sample of older adults with @entity102 . METHODS: The sample (n=74) was randomly selected from Valcronic users and was stratified considering different variables. HRQOL was assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire at two points in time: before the beginning of the Valcronic programme and after a one-year follow-up. Satisfaction and usefulness were evaluated one year after users' inclusion. RESULTS: The whole sample experienced improvement, although not significant, of its HRQOL; @entity1 over 75 showed impairment. @entity1 with at least one problem in the EQ-5D dimensions decreased after one year (82.43% vs. 74.32%). Users' perceptions of satisfaction and usefulness were highly positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our sample benefited from the Valcronic programme, experiencing an improvement in their HRQOL, a decreased use of health resources or high satisfaction levels. IMPLICATIONS: Further adjustments are needed to address a comprehensive response to the needs of the global population of reference.

title: Impact of a primary-based telemonitoring programme in HRQOL, satisfaction and usefulness in a sample of older adults with XXXX in Valencia (Spain).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ) is a @entity66 which has been recognized as a separate entity due to its close geographic clustering of affected @entity1 . The study aimed at evaluating the clinical and immunological features of @entity3001 with chronic symptoms of @entity9144 , @entity2401 and pauciarticular @entity625 . Six @entity1 with @entity3001 and erosive @entity625 who developed an increase of serum IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) which correlated with the inflammatory activity of the disease are described in detail. Besides raised IgG antibody titers to @entity2069 (B. burgd.) antigen measured by ELISA technique, circulating immune complexes, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and RF measured by laser nephelometric immunoassay were detected. Increased ANA and RF antibody rates suggest that @entity3001 may closely be linked with transient @entity792 . Thus, in some cases, B. burgd. antigens might be able to produce a strong polyclonal B-cell stimulation, hence leading to an unspecific @entity792 . But the question remains if transient unspecific @entity792 actually take part in the pathogenesis of @entity3001 .

title: Acquired transient XXXX in Lyme @entity625 : correlation between rheumatoid factor and disease activity.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme spirochaetal disease', 'LSD']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['meningoradiculitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complex multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune reaction', 'autoimmune reactions', 'autoimmune phenomena']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune reactions']


abstract: @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ) is a @entity66 which has been recognized as a separate entity due to its close geographic clustering of affected @entity1 . The study aimed at evaluating the clinical and immunological features of @entity3001 with chronic symptoms of @entity9144 , @entity2401 and pauciarticular @entity625 . Six @entity1 with @entity3001 and erosive @entity625 who developed an increase of serum IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) which correlated with the inflammatory activity of the disease are described in detail. Besides raised IgG antibody titers to @entity2069 (B. burgd.) antigen measured by ELISA technique, circulating immune complexes, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and RF measured by laser nephelometric immunoassay were detected. Increased ANA and RF antibody rates suggest that @entity3001 may closely be linked with transient @entity792 . Thus, in some cases, B. burgd. antigens might be able to produce a strong polyclonal B-cell stimulation, hence leading to an unspecific @entity792 . But the question remains if transient unspecific @entity792 actually take part in the pathogenesis of @entity3001 .

title: Acquired transient @entity792 in Lyme XXXX : correlation between rheumatoid factor and disease activity.

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a training programme for improving the diagnostic and treatment quality of the most complex service offered by @entity56186 ( @entity56186 ) providers, paediatric @entity311 . The study further assesses whether any quality improvements were sustained over the following 12  months. METHODS: The study took place in 13 townships in central Myanmar between January 2011 and October 2012. A total of 251 community health workers were recruited and trained in the provision of paediatric and adult @entity311 diagnosis and treatment; 197 were surveyed in all three rounds: baseline, 6 and 12  months. Townships were selected based on a lack of alterative sources of medical care, averaging 20  km from government or private professional health care treatment facilities. Seventy percent of recruits were assistant nurse midwives or had other basic health training; the rest had no health training experience. Recruits were evaluated on their ability to properly diagnosis and treat a simulated 5-year-old @entity1 using a previously validated method known as Observed Simulated @entity1 . A trained observer scored @entity56186 providers on a scale of 1-100, based on WHO and Myanmar MOH established best practices. During a pilot test, 20 established private physicians operating in @entity311 -endemic areas of Myanmar scored an average of 70/100. RESULTS: Average quality scores of newly recruited @entity56186 providers prior to training (baseline) were 12/100. Six months after training, average quality scores were 48/100. This increase was statistically significant (p  <  0.001). At 12  months after training, providers were retested and average quality scores were 45/100 (R3-R1, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: The @entity56186 training programme was able to improve the quality of paediatric @entity311 care significantly, and to maintain that improvement over time. Quality of care remains lower than that of trained physicians; however, @entity56186 providers operate in rural areas where no trained physicians operate. More research is needed to establish acceptable and achievable levels of quality for community health workers in rural communities, especially when there are no other care options.

title: Improving the quality of paediatric XXXX diagnosis and treatment by rural providers in Myanmar: an evaluation of a training and support intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity56186 :: ('MESH:D013474', 'Disease') :: ['Sun Primary Health', 'SPH']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Between January 1978 and June 1985, 44 @entity1 underwent cystectomy for clinically diagnosed superficial @entity150 . Operative mortality was 13.6%. Early and late complications were observed in 34 and 55% @entity1 , respectively. Clinical understaging was seen in 23%, and stage reduction in 18% of the @entity1 . Clinical staging was correct in 59% of the @entity1 . The mean follow-up was 40 months (range, 24-84 months). Five @entity1 presented local recurrence (13%) of the @entity5 and 10 @entity1 showed distant @entity3 (26%). Urethral and upper urinary tract recurrences were observed in 7 and 4 @entity1 , respectively. Fourteen @entity1 (39%) died of @entity5 after a mean follow-up of 24 months. The actuarial 5-year survival was achieved by 77% of the @entity1 with PTo-PTa-PTis and by 67% of the @entity1 with @entity2558 (p, not significant).

title: Place of cystectomy in superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies looking at the relationship of the @entity2339 to suicidal behavior and its risk factors, such as @entity308 , @entity734 , and @entity146 , report inconsistent results. These studies also do not always differentiate between subjects who go on to attempt suicide, suicidal subjects who never attempted suicide, and non-suicidal subjects with @entity146 . In this study, we examined @entity701 responses to an experimental stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), in 208 offspring of parents with @entity1316 . Offspring suicide attempters showed lower total @entity701 output (b=-0.47, 95% CI (-0.83, -0.11), p=0.01) compared with offspring with suicide-related behavior (SRB) but never attempted, non-suicidal offspring, and a healthy control group. The result remained significant even after controlling for sex, age, race, ethnicity, site, socio-economic status, and hour of the day when the TSST was conducted. Suicide attempters also showed lower baseline @entity701 before the TSST (b=-0.45, 95% CI (-0.74, -0.17), p=0.002). However, there were no significant differences between the groups on @entity701 reactivity to stress (b=4.5, 95% CI (-12.9, 22), p=0.61). Although subjects with suicide attempt and SRB have similar clinical and psychosocial characteristics, this is the first study to differentiate them biologically on @entity2339 indices. Blunted @entity2339 activity may increase risk for suicide attempt among individuals with psychopathology by reducing their ability to respond adaptively to ongoing stressors. These results may help better identify subjects at high risk for suicidal behavior for targeted prevention and intervention efforts.Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 4 November 2015; doi:10.1038/npp.2015.309.

title: Blunted XXXX Activity in Suicide Attempters Compared to those at High Risk for Suicidal Behavior.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'impulsive aggression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['childhood abuse']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['HPA Axis']


abstract: Recent reports suggest a role for @entity750 in the pathogenesis of primary @entity101 and left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 . In this study, we have induced @entity4346 by oral feeding of @entity1955 at increasing dosages (150-450 micrograms/kg b.wt.) over a 5-week period. The effects of @entity1378 on @entity65 , blood and myocardial @entity750 concentrations were assessed. Water-fed @entity35 and formerly @entity1378 recovered animals served as controls. @entity1955 caused a significant @entity4346 : @entity1378 @entity35 2.19 +/- 0.16*; controls 1.65 +/- 0.13 g/kg b.wt. (mean +/- SD; *P less than 0.05). An almost complete regression of @entity4346 occurred in the recovery group (1.66 +/- 0.20 g/kg b.wt.) 3 weeks after cessation of thyroid hormone application. @entity1955 -treated animals showed a significant increase of @entity750 blood levels ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 2108 +/- 781*, recovery: 1132 +/- 726, controls: 705 +/- 480 ng/ml; *P less than 0.05). The concentrations of @entity750 in left ventricular myocardium were increased after thyroid hormone application, whereas the highest levels were found in the recovery group ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 139.1 +/- 30.4, recovery: 167.2 +/- 43.1, controls: 68.9 +/- 27.9 mg/ml homogenate). @entity750 -containing cells in the left ventricular myocardium were stained immunohistochemically. They were localized perivascularly and were assumed to represent tissue mast cells. In experimental @entity1378 the @entity750 levels in blood and heart are increased possibly indicating an interaction of both hormones in @entity1955 -induced @entity296 .

title: Influence of experimental @entity1378 on blood and myocardial XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'Thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameters']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: Recent reports suggest a role for @entity750 in the pathogenesis of primary @entity101 and left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 . In this study, we have induced @entity4346 by oral feeding of @entity1955 at increasing dosages (150-450 micrograms/kg b.wt.) over a 5-week period. The effects of @entity1378 on @entity65 , blood and myocardial @entity750 concentrations were assessed. Water-fed @entity35 and formerly @entity1378 recovered animals served as controls. @entity1955 caused a significant @entity4346 : @entity1378 @entity35 2.19 +/- 0.16*; controls 1.65 +/- 0.13 g/kg b.wt. (mean +/- SD; *P less than 0.05). An almost complete regression of @entity4346 occurred in the recovery group (1.66 +/- 0.20 g/kg b.wt.) 3 weeks after cessation of thyroid hormone application. @entity1955 -treated animals showed a significant increase of @entity750 blood levels ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 2108 +/- 781*, recovery: 1132 +/- 726, controls: 705 +/- 480 ng/ml; *P less than 0.05). The concentrations of @entity750 in left ventricular myocardium were increased after thyroid hormone application, whereas the highest levels were found in the recovery group ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 139.1 +/- 30.4, recovery: 167.2 +/- 43.1, controls: 68.9 +/- 27.9 mg/ml homogenate). @entity750 -containing cells in the left ventricular myocardium were stained immunohistochemically. They were localized perivascularly and were assumed to represent tissue mast cells. In experimental @entity1378 the @entity750 levels in blood and heart are increased possibly indicating an interaction of both hormones in @entity1955 -induced @entity296 .

title: Influence of experimental XXXX on blood and myocardial @entity750 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: Recent reports suggest a role for @entity750 in the pathogenesis of primary @entity101 and left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 . In this study, we have induced @entity4346 by oral feeding of @entity1955 at increasing dosages (150-450 micrograms/kg b.wt.) over a 5-week period. The effects of @entity1378 on @entity65 , blood and myocardial @entity750 concentrations were assessed. Water-fed @entity35 and formerly @entity1378 recovered animals served as controls. @entity1955 caused a significant @entity4346 : @entity1378 @entity35 2.19 +/- 0.16*; controls 1.65 +/- 0.13 g/kg b.wt. (mean +/- SD; *P less than 0.05). An almost complete regression of @entity4346 occurred in the recovery group (1.66 +/- 0.20 g/kg b.wt.) 3 weeks after cessation of thyroid hormone application. @entity1955 -treated animals showed a significant increase of @entity750 blood levels ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 2108 +/- 781*, recovery: 1132 +/- 726, controls: 705 +/- 480 ng/ml; *P less than 0.05). The concentrations of @entity750 in left ventricular myocardium were increased after thyroid hormone application, whereas the highest levels were found in the recovery group ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 139.1 +/- 30.4, recovery: 167.2 +/- 43.1, controls: 68.9 +/- 27.9 mg/ml homogenate). @entity750 -containing cells in the left ventricular myocardium were stained immunohistochemically. They were localized perivascularly and were assumed to represent tissue mast cells. In experimental @entity1378 the @entity750 levels in blood and heart are increased possibly indicating an interaction of both hormones in @entity1955 -induced @entity296 .

title: Influence of experimental @entity1378 on blood and myocardial @entity750 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite standardization of experimental @entity64 models, final @entity1188 sizes after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) vary considerably. This introduces uncertainties in the evaluation of drug effects on @entity64 . Magnetic resonance imaging may detect variability of surgically induced @entity63 before treatment and thus improve treatment effect evaluation. METHODS: @entity2500 of 45 and 90 minutes induced brain @entity1188 in 83 @entity19 . During, and 3 and 6 hours after @entity2500 , we performed multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated time courses of cerebral blood flow, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1, T2, accuracy of @entity1188 prediction strategies, and impact on statistical evaluation of experimental @entity64 studies. RESULTS: ADC decreased during @entity2500 but recovered completely on reperfusion after 45 and partially after 90-minute @entity2500 , followed by a secondary decline. ADC lesion volumes during @entity2500 or at 6 hours after @entity2500 largely determined final @entity1188 volumes for 90 but not for 45 minutes @entity2500 . The majority of chance findings of final @entity1188 volume differences in random group allocations of animals were associated with significant differences in early ADC lesion volumes for 90, but not for 45-minute @entity2500 . CONCLUSIONS: The prediction accuracy of early magnetic resonance imaging for @entity1188 volumes depends on timing of magnetic resonance imaging and @entity2500 duration. Variability of the posterior communicating artery in C57Bl6 @entity19 contributes to differences in prediction accuracy between @entity2500 . Early ADC imaging may be used to reduce errors in the interpretation of post @entity2500 treatment effects on @entity64 volumes.

title: Infarct Volume Prediction by Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a @entity19 XXXX Model Depends on @entity63 Duration and Time of Imaging.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['short and long MCAO', 'MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite standardization of experimental @entity64 models, final @entity1188 sizes after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) vary considerably. This introduces uncertainties in the evaluation of drug effects on @entity64 . Magnetic resonance imaging may detect variability of surgically induced @entity63 before treatment and thus improve treatment effect evaluation. METHODS: @entity2500 of 45 and 90 minutes induced brain @entity1188 in 83 @entity19 . During, and 3 and 6 hours after @entity2500 , we performed multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated time courses of cerebral blood flow, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1, T2, accuracy of @entity1188 prediction strategies, and impact on statistical evaluation of experimental @entity64 studies. RESULTS: ADC decreased during @entity2500 but recovered completely on reperfusion after 45 and partially after 90-minute @entity2500 , followed by a secondary decline. ADC lesion volumes during @entity2500 or at 6 hours after @entity2500 largely determined final @entity1188 volumes for 90 but not for 45 minutes @entity2500 . The majority of chance findings of final @entity1188 volume differences in random group allocations of animals were associated with significant differences in early ADC lesion volumes for 90, but not for 45-minute @entity2500 . CONCLUSIONS: The prediction accuracy of early magnetic resonance imaging for @entity1188 volumes depends on timing of magnetic resonance imaging and @entity2500 duration. Variability of the posterior communicating artery in C57Bl6 @entity19 contributes to differences in prediction accuracy between @entity2500 . Early ADC imaging may be used to reduce errors in the interpretation of post @entity2500 treatment effects on @entity64 volumes.

title: Infarct Volume Prediction by Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a @entity19 @entity64 Model Depends on XXXX Duration and Time of Imaging.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite standardization of experimental @entity64 models, final @entity1188 sizes after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) vary considerably. This introduces uncertainties in the evaluation of drug effects on @entity64 . Magnetic resonance imaging may detect variability of surgically induced @entity63 before treatment and thus improve treatment effect evaluation. METHODS: @entity2500 of 45 and 90 minutes induced brain @entity1188 in 83 @entity19 . During, and 3 and 6 hours after @entity2500 , we performed multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated time courses of cerebral blood flow, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1, T2, accuracy of @entity1188 prediction strategies, and impact on statistical evaluation of experimental @entity64 studies. RESULTS: ADC decreased during @entity2500 but recovered completely on reperfusion after 45 and partially after 90-minute @entity2500 , followed by a secondary decline. ADC lesion volumes during @entity2500 or at 6 hours after @entity2500 largely determined final @entity1188 volumes for 90 but not for 45 minutes @entity2500 . The majority of chance findings of final @entity1188 volume differences in random group allocations of animals were associated with significant differences in early ADC lesion volumes for 90, but not for 45-minute @entity2500 . CONCLUSIONS: The prediction accuracy of early magnetic resonance imaging for @entity1188 volumes depends on timing of magnetic resonance imaging and @entity2500 duration. Variability of the posterior communicating artery in C57Bl6 @entity19 contributes to differences in prediction accuracy between @entity2500 . Early ADC imaging may be used to reduce errors in the interpretation of post @entity2500 treatment effects on @entity64 volumes.

title: Infarct Volume Prediction by Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a XXXX @entity64 Model Depends on @entity63 Duration and Time of Imaging.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 after single and multiple dosing was studied in 20 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) of NYHA functional class II. @entity6309 100 mg was given 3 times a day for 7 days in 6 @entity1 and for 30 days in the other 14 @entity1 . Plasma pharmacokinetics of total (mainly conjugated) and free @entity14524 was studied after the first dose and on the 3rd, 7th and 30th days of treatment. The urinary recoveries of total @entity14524 , @entity3829 and @entity4925 were measured in 5 @entity1 for 24 h after @entity6309 ingestion on the 1st and 30th days. Plasma pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 did not vary during the repeated administration of the drug. In the course of the treatment, total @entity14524 elimination t1/2 showed no significant variations. The build-up of Cmax, Cmin and AUC of total @entity14524 observed after multiple dosing was as expected on the basis of the interval adopted between the doses of @entity6309 and of the elimination t1/2 of total @entity14524 . Pharmacokinetic parameters of free @entity14524 did not show significant variations during the course of the treatment. The amounts of @entity3829 and @entity4925 recovered in urine on the 1st and 30th days of treatment were similar while the amount of total @entity14524 was greater on the 30th day, the increment mainly reflecting a partial carry over of the less rapidly excreted conjugated @entity14524 from the last previous doses. The results obtained for free @entity14524 plasma levels and for the urinary recoveries of @entity6309 metabolites thus indicated that no saturation of the enzymes involved in @entity6309 metabolism occurred.

title: @entity6309 kinetics after single and multiple dosing in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity6309 :: ('MESH:C023487', 'Chemical') :: ['ibopamine', 'Ibopamine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 after single and multiple dosing was studied in 20 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) of NYHA functional class II. @entity6309 100 mg was given 3 times a day for 7 days in 6 @entity1 and for 30 days in the other 14 @entity1 . Plasma pharmacokinetics of total (mainly conjugated) and free @entity14524 was studied after the first dose and on the 3rd, 7th and 30th days of treatment. The urinary recoveries of total @entity14524 , @entity3829 and @entity4925 were measured in 5 @entity1 for 24 h after @entity6309 ingestion on the 1st and 30th days. Plasma pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 did not vary during the repeated administration of the drug. In the course of the treatment, total @entity14524 elimination t1/2 showed no significant variations. The build-up of Cmax, Cmin and AUC of total @entity14524 observed after multiple dosing was as expected on the basis of the interval adopted between the doses of @entity6309 and of the elimination t1/2 of total @entity14524 . Pharmacokinetic parameters of free @entity14524 did not show significant variations during the course of the treatment. The amounts of @entity3829 and @entity4925 recovered in urine on the 1st and 30th days of treatment were similar while the amount of total @entity14524 was greater on the 30th day, the increment mainly reflecting a partial carry over of the less rapidly excreted conjugated @entity14524 from the last previous doses. The results obtained for free @entity14524 plasma levels and for the urinary recoveries of @entity6309 metabolites thus indicated that no saturation of the enzymes involved in @entity6309 metabolism occurred.

title: XXXX kinetics after single and multiple dosing in @entity1 with @entity712 .

answer: @entity6309 :: (MESH:C023487,Chemical) :: ['Ibopamine']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 after single and multiple dosing was studied in 20 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) of NYHA functional class II. @entity6309 100 mg was given 3 times a day for 7 days in 6 @entity1 and for 30 days in the other 14 @entity1 . Plasma pharmacokinetics of total (mainly conjugated) and free @entity14524 was studied after the first dose and on the 3rd, 7th and 30th days of treatment. The urinary recoveries of total @entity14524 , @entity3829 and @entity4925 were measured in 5 @entity1 for 24 h after @entity6309 ingestion on the 1st and 30th days. Plasma pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 did not vary during the repeated administration of the drug. In the course of the treatment, total @entity14524 elimination t1/2 showed no significant variations. The build-up of Cmax, Cmin and AUC of total @entity14524 observed after multiple dosing was as expected on the basis of the interval adopted between the doses of @entity6309 and of the elimination t1/2 of total @entity14524 . Pharmacokinetic parameters of free @entity14524 did not show significant variations during the course of the treatment. The amounts of @entity3829 and @entity4925 recovered in urine on the 1st and 30th days of treatment were similar while the amount of total @entity14524 was greater on the 30th day, the increment mainly reflecting a partial carry over of the less rapidly excreted conjugated @entity14524 from the last previous doses. The results obtained for free @entity14524 plasma levels and for the urinary recoveries of @entity6309 metabolites thus indicated that no saturation of the enzymes involved in @entity6309 metabolism occurred.

title: @entity6309 kinetics after single and multiple dosing in XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The water-soluble (cytosolic) and Lubrol-soluble (membrane-bound) calmodulin contents were determined radioimmunologically in fractions of striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of @entity935 supersensitive @entity35 . Development of supersensitivity was the sequel of 3-weeks treatment of the animals with 1 mg/kg @entity1767 or 5 mg/kg @entity4944 i.p. daily. In the @entity935 -rich striatum, the membrane-bound calmodulin content was increased by both modes of treatment, consistent with data from the literature. The patterns suggest that additional calmodulin was synthesized under the conditions studied. The hippocampus, the region poor in @entity935 while playing an essential role in learning and memory formation processes, revealed similar patterns after both modes of treatment. However, in this region a pronounced translocation was seen, i.e. a redistribution from the cytosolic into the membrane compartment, without signs evidencing enhanced synthesis. The third region under investigation, the cerebellum, did not show any alterations in calmodulin content. Differentiation between pre- and postsynaptic changes was not possible. The results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge about participation of dopaminergic systems in processes of neuronal plasticity.

title: Alterations in calmodulin content of @entity35 brain areas after chronic application of @entity1767 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: The water-soluble (cytosolic) and Lubrol-soluble (membrane-bound) calmodulin contents were determined radioimmunologically in fractions of striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of @entity935 supersensitive @entity35 . Development of supersensitivity was the sequel of 3-weeks treatment of the animals with 1 mg/kg @entity1767 or 5 mg/kg @entity4944 i.p. daily. In the @entity935 -rich striatum, the membrane-bound calmodulin content was increased by both modes of treatment, consistent with data from the literature. The patterns suggest that additional calmodulin was synthesized under the conditions studied. The hippocampus, the region poor in @entity935 while playing an essential role in learning and memory formation processes, revealed similar patterns after both modes of treatment. However, in this region a pronounced translocation was seen, i.e. a redistribution from the cytosolic into the membrane compartment, without signs evidencing enhanced synthesis. The third region under investigation, the cerebellum, did not show any alterations in calmodulin content. Differentiation between pre- and postsynaptic changes was not possible. The results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge about participation of dopaminergic systems in processes of neuronal plasticity.

title: Alterations in calmodulin content of @entity35 brain areas after chronic application of XXXX and @entity4944 .

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: The water-soluble (cytosolic) and Lubrol-soluble (membrane-bound) calmodulin contents were determined radioimmunologically in fractions of striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of @entity935 supersensitive @entity35 . Development of supersensitivity was the sequel of 3-weeks treatment of the animals with 1 mg/kg @entity1767 or 5 mg/kg @entity4944 i.p. daily. In the @entity935 -rich striatum, the membrane-bound calmodulin content was increased by both modes of treatment, consistent with data from the literature. The patterns suggest that additional calmodulin was synthesized under the conditions studied. The hippocampus, the region poor in @entity935 while playing an essential role in learning and memory formation processes, revealed similar patterns after both modes of treatment. However, in this region a pronounced translocation was seen, i.e. a redistribution from the cytosolic into the membrane compartment, without signs evidencing enhanced synthesis. The third region under investigation, the cerebellum, did not show any alterations in calmodulin content. Differentiation between pre- and postsynaptic changes was not possible. The results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge about participation of dopaminergic systems in processes of neuronal plasticity.

title: Alterations in calmodulin content of XXXX brain areas after chronic application of @entity1767 and @entity4944 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The clinical, hemodynamic and pathological findings of 13 @entity1 with @entity337 due to @entity10860 caused by advanced @entity528 were evaluated. Eleven @entity1 showed a favorable outcome with no complications resulting from surgery. One @entity1 died from @entity1580 , and another died suddenly from an unknown cause. Five @entity1 had @entity3454 as a complication. Ten @entity1 (77%) had a long-standing history of @entity101 . Twelve @entity1 (92%) were male. None of the @entity1 had the stigmata of @entity1614 . All @entity1 had marked @entity886 without any inflammatory changes. Two @entity1 showed microcalcification; 7 demonstrated moderate @entity82 . Five @entity1 showed severe @entity2100 of the cusps which appeared redundant, gelatinous and softened by degenerative changes. @entity528 of the aortic valve is not rare, and, in fact, it may be one of the most common pathologic and clinical entities associated with pure @entity337 .

title: Results of surgery for XXXX due to @entity10860 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valves']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

entities_list: @entity10860 :: ('MESH:D001023', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Myxomatous degeneration', 'myxomatous degeneration']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: The clinical, hemodynamic and pathological findings of 13 @entity1 with @entity337 due to @entity10860 caused by advanced @entity528 were evaluated. Eleven @entity1 showed a favorable outcome with no complications resulting from surgery. One @entity1 died from @entity1580 , and another died suddenly from an unknown cause. Five @entity1 had @entity3454 as a complication. Ten @entity1 (77%) had a long-standing history of @entity101 . Twelve @entity1 (92%) were male. None of the @entity1 had the stigmata of @entity1614 . All @entity1 had marked @entity886 without any inflammatory changes. Two @entity1 showed microcalcification; 7 demonstrated moderate @entity82 . Five @entity1 showed severe @entity2100 of the cusps which appeared redundant, gelatinous and softened by degenerative changes. @entity528 of the aortic valve is not rare, and, in fact, it may be one of the most common pathologic and clinical entities associated with pure @entity337 .

title: Results of surgery for @entity337 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity10860 :: (MESH:D001023,Disease) :: ['aortic valve prolapse']


abstract: Investigations of biopsy material from @entity1 kidneys with different forms of @entity631 (n = 1,240) and with @entity6 (n = 406) performed in order to find changes caused by hyperperfusion of the kidney tissue gave the following results: (1) Hyperperfusion injury occurs in the different forms of @entity631 with varying frequency. It was rarely found in immunologically negative mesangioproliferative @entity631 . The highest incidence was found in @entity1 with @entity3630 was also found in kidneys with @entity6 . The frequency of this finding increased with the degree of the @entity6 changes. (3) The hyperperfusion injury was seen as a complication of @entity631 or @entity6 only when the @entity1 clinically had developed malignant @entity101 and when the serum @entity1011 level was elevated, a sign of compensated retention. (4) In @entity1 with @entity631 , the hyperperfusion changes occurred more frequently in males than in females. @entity6 was complicated by hyperperfusion injury with the same frequency in both sexes. (5) @entity1 with hyperperfusion changes of the kidneys always excrete large amounts of protein in the urine. (6) Hyperperfusion changes occur first in the juxtamedullary glomeruli. The intermediate glomeruli are affected later and the subcapsular glomeruli last.

title: Hyperperfusion injury of the XXXX kidney in different glomerular diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulosclerosis', 'diabetic', 'Diabetic glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I. (2) Hyperperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 239 @entity1 with @entity5 of the breast were treated by primary radiation therapy from 1977 to 1985. Of them 212 had an objective response and 27 showed no response to irradiation. From the objective responders, 105 @entity1 were subjected to mastectomy and axillary dissection and in 107 cases the radiotherapy was not followed by surgery. @entity1 of operated group had a 71% and the RT alone group had a 61% local-regional @entity5 control at 5 years. The analysis of local-regional recurrences revealed that none of the operated @entity1 had axillary recurrence but 8 had in the RT alone group. Postirradiation surgery is recommended for @entity1 who have @entity66 especially in the axillary region. The 5-year survival rate of operated @entity1 was significantly better, 58% vs. 35%. However, these results are not comparable since the incidence of less favourable cases was higher in the RT alone group. Chemotherapy was initiated for the 27 @entity1 who failed to respond to RT, but results were unsatisfactory. None of them survived three years. Further studies are needed to explore the role of chemotherapy in this stage of @entity0 .

title: Radiotherapy alone or in combination with surgery in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage III breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: (1) To determine the brain regions activated by dentoalveolar pressure stimulation in persistent @entity2531 (PDAP) @entity1 , and (2) to compare these activation patterns to those seen in @entity158 -free control subjects. METHODS: A total of 13 PDAP @entity1 and 13 matched controls completed the study. Clinical @entity158 characteristics and psychosocial data were collected. @entity158 thresholds were determined with a custom-made device over the painful area for @entity1 and were used as the stimulation level during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition. Control subjects received two stimulation levels over matched locations during fMRI scanning: one determined (as above) that evoked equally subjective @entity158 ratings matching those of @entity1 (subjective- @entity158 match) and another nonpainful stimulation level matching the average stimulus intensity provided to @entity1 (stimulus-intensity match). Clinical and psychosocial data were analyzed using independent samples t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. fMRI data were analyzed using validated neuroimaging software and tested using a general linear model. RESULTS: PDAP @entity1 had greater @entity308 scores (P = .001), @entity73 (P < .0001), and greater social impact (P < .0001) than controls. No significant differences were found for brain activation spatial extent (PDAP X Controls subjective @entity158 : P = .48; PDAP X Controls stimulus intensity: P = .12). Brain activations were significantly increased for PDAP @entity1 compared to control subjects when matched to stimulus intensity in several regions related to the sensory-discriminative and cognitive components of @entity158 perception, including the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, inferior parietal lobule, insula, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus. When matched to subjective @entity158 ratings, increased brain activations were still present for PDAP @entity1 compared to controls, although to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that dentoalveolar pressure is processed differently in the brain of PDAP @entity1 , and the increased activation in several brain areas is consistent with amplified @entity158 processing.

title: Amplified Brain Processing of Dentoalveolar Pressure Stimulus in Persistent XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety (P < .0001) and depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['more jaw function impairment']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['dentoalveolar pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Dentoalveolar mechanical pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['Dentoalveolar Pain Disorder']


abstract: AIMS: (1) To determine the brain regions activated by dentoalveolar pressure stimulation in persistent @entity2531 (PDAP) @entity1 , and (2) to compare these activation patterns to those seen in @entity158 -free control subjects. METHODS: A total of 13 PDAP @entity1 and 13 matched controls completed the study. Clinical @entity158 characteristics and psychosocial data were collected. @entity158 thresholds were determined with a custom-made device over the painful area for @entity1 and were used as the stimulation level during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition. Control subjects received two stimulation levels over matched locations during fMRI scanning: one determined (as above) that evoked equally subjective @entity158 ratings matching those of @entity1 (subjective- @entity158 match) and another nonpainful stimulation level matching the average stimulus intensity provided to @entity1 (stimulus-intensity match). Clinical and psychosocial data were analyzed using independent samples t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. fMRI data were analyzed using validated neuroimaging software and tested using a general linear model. RESULTS: PDAP @entity1 had greater @entity308 scores (P = .001), @entity73 (P < .0001), and greater social impact (P < .0001) than controls. No significant differences were found for brain activation spatial extent (PDAP X Controls subjective @entity158 : P = .48; PDAP X Controls stimulus intensity: P = .12). Brain activations were significantly increased for PDAP @entity1 compared to control subjects when matched to stimulus intensity in several regions related to the sensory-discriminative and cognitive components of @entity158 perception, including the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, inferior parietal lobule, insula, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus. When matched to subjective @entity158 ratings, increased brain activations were still present for PDAP @entity1 compared to controls, although to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that dentoalveolar pressure is processed differently in the brain of PDAP @entity1 , and the increased activation in several brain areas is consistent with amplified @entity158 processing.

title: Amplified Brain Processing of Dentoalveolar Pressure Stimulus in Persistent @entity2531 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Owing to their rarity and proteiform pathologic features, the clinical behavior of @entity1653 is not yet well characterized. Though the extent of resection is believed to be a key determinant of prognosis, limited data exist regarding optimal management of @entity1 with @entity66 . METHODS: In this 20-year retrospective case series, we reviewed the medical records of 46 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1389 (185 lesions, 89 of which were local, 78 marginal, and 18 distant recurrences); treatment was radiosurgery (n  = 60), surgery (n  = 56), or both (n  = 8). The median follow-up period was 53 months. Outcome measures were length of overall survival and disease-free intervals and prognostic factors for survival. RESULTS: Overall, the median progression-free survival was 26 months at the first recurrence and 100 months thereafter (the sum of the later intervals). Multivariate analysis showed that no treatment-related factors influenced prognosis, whereas recurrence at the skull base was a significant @entity5 -related factor limiting further treatment. Irrespective of treatment type, the recurrence-free interval was increasingly shorter during the clinical course, with a higher occurrence of marginal and distant lesions migrating to the midline and to the skull base. In sporadic cases, disease-free intervals were longer after wide craniotomy, @entity5 and dural resection with @entity5 -free margin. CONCLUSIONS: The disease-free interval was substantially similar after surgery and radiosurgery for treating @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity1653 . Surgery is the mainstay for prolonging survival, while radiosurgery can be an adjuvant strategy to gain time for clinical observation and @entity146 surgical treatment.

title: Recurrent XXXX : Combining Surgery and Radiosurgery in One Effective Multimodal Treatment.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['planning aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['atypical meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1389 :: ('MESH:C566823', 'Disease') :: ['atypical meningomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Atypical Meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: We identified the efficacy and appropriate target group for intratympanic @entity479 injections (ITS) in @entity1 with @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Fifty-five ears treated with concomitant ITS and systemic @entity230 and 165 ears without ITS treatment were identified. Each case had three controls matched according to the age, sex, and the presence of vertigo. @entity1 were divided into subgroups according to pure tone audiometric configuration and the levels of initial @entity393 . Hearing results and frequency-related @entity393 were investigated. RESULTS: Additional ITS was effective for @entity1 with an ascending type audiogram or @entity1 with Grade 3 (60-90dB) initial @entity393 . Concomitant ITS, however, resulted in a negative effect on hearing in @entity1 with Grades 1 and 2 (<60dB). ITS resulted in significant (p<0.05) hearing improvement at 250Hz in the Grade 3 (60-90dB) and Grade 4 (>90dB) ITS subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of additional ITS for @entity1274 was different among subgroups with various levels of initial @entity393 or audiogram configuration.

title: Efficacy of Concomitant Intratympanic @entity479 Injection for Sudden Deafness According to Initial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'ISSNHL']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing gain', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['Hearing Loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: We identified the efficacy and appropriate target group for intratympanic @entity479 injections (ITS) in @entity1 with @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Fifty-five ears treated with concomitant ITS and systemic @entity230 and 165 ears without ITS treatment were identified. Each case had three controls matched according to the age, sex, and the presence of vertigo. @entity1 were divided into subgroups according to pure tone audiometric configuration and the levels of initial @entity393 . Hearing results and frequency-related @entity393 were investigated. RESULTS: Additional ITS was effective for @entity1 with an ascending type audiogram or @entity1 with Grade 3 (60-90dB) initial @entity393 . Concomitant ITS, however, resulted in a negative effect on hearing in @entity1 with Grades 1 and 2 (<60dB). ITS resulted in significant (p<0.05) hearing improvement at 250Hz in the Grade 3 (60-90dB) and Grade 4 (>90dB) ITS subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of additional ITS for @entity1274 was different among subgroups with various levels of initial @entity393 or audiogram configuration.

title: Efficacy of Concomitant Intratympanic XXXX Injection for Sudden Deafness According to Initial @entity393 .

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Complete resection of the @entity50 ( @entity50 ) tract is challenging due to repeated @entity281 and inadequate procedures. We present our experiences with intraoperative endoscopic-assisted intubation or instillation of dye through the internal opening as a guide to identify the tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 73 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity50 during 1999 until 2014 from two tertiary referral centers. Demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The intraoperative endoscopy was successfully conducted in all 73 cases. No gender predominance was observed. Of the anomalies, 94.5% were left-sided. Presenting symptoms consisted of neck abscess (n   =   48), @entity8963 /thyroid abscess (n   =   9), neck mass with or without @entity1353 (n   =   12), and thyroid nodule (n   =   4). Barium esophagography and computed tomography scan with oral or intravenous contrast had a satisfactory positive predictive value. Partial thyroidectomy was performed on 25 cases (34.2%) if the ipsilateral thyroid was involved. Good outcome was achieved in all but 3 @entity1 (70/73, 95.9%) during a median follow-up of 4 years (range, 8 months-14 years). Two @entity1 developed @entity260 : temporary vocal fold motion @entity73 , respectively. @entity50 recurred in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: A complete resection is essential for good outcomes. Intraoperative intubation or @entity6693 injection by endoscopy can simplify the identification of the fistula tract during surgical exploration.

title: Endoscopic-Assisted Surgery for Pyriform Sinus Fistula in Chinese XXXX : A 73-Consecutive-Case Study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ["impairment and left-sided Horner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['acute suppurative thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['PSF', 'pyriform sinus fistula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mild @entity2332 improves the outcomes of @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 . Its neuroprotective mechanism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of mild @entity2332 on @entity550 and cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity35 were randomized into the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ), normothermic group (NT) or the sham control group. @entity2224 was electrically induced and untreated for 8 mins, followed by 8 mins of precordial compressions and mechanical ventilations. The core temperature in the @entity1585 group was reduced to 33  0.5  C at 14 mins after ROSC with a combination of ice packs, an electrical fan and a cooling blanket. The temperature was maintained at 33  C for 8hrs. Hemodynamics, @entity455 and @entity550 were measured at baseline, 2, 4 and 8hrs after ROSC. RESULTS: Microvascular flow index was significantly reduced in the NT and @entity1585 groups when compared with the SC group. A significant lesser reduction in microvascular flow index was observed in the @entity1585 group when compared with the NT group. Mild @entity2332 reduced the cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio after resuscitation when compared with the NT group. CONCLUSION: Mild @entity2332 improves the cerebral cortex microcirculatory blood supply/ @entity26 uptake mismatching after resuscitation. This may provide an additional cerebral protection.

title: Mild @entity2332 preserves XXXX after resuscitation in a @entity35 model of @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial and jugular venous blood gases']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral cortex microcirculation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermic group', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity550 :: (MESH:D000303,Disease) :: ['cerebral cortex microcirculation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mild @entity2332 improves the outcomes of @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 . Its neuroprotective mechanism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of mild @entity2332 on @entity550 and cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity35 were randomized into the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ), normothermic group (NT) or the sham control group. @entity2224 was electrically induced and untreated for 8 mins, followed by 8 mins of precordial compressions and mechanical ventilations. The core temperature in the @entity1585 group was reduced to 33  0.5  C at 14 mins after ROSC with a combination of ice packs, an electrical fan and a cooling blanket. The temperature was maintained at 33  C for 8hrs. Hemodynamics, @entity455 and @entity550 were measured at baseline, 2, 4 and 8hrs after ROSC. RESULTS: Microvascular flow index was significantly reduced in the NT and @entity1585 groups when compared with the SC group. A significant lesser reduction in microvascular flow index was observed in the @entity1585 group when compared with the NT group. Mild @entity2332 reduced the cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio after resuscitation when compared with the NT group. CONCLUSION: Mild @entity2332 improves the cerebral cortex microcirculatory blood supply/ @entity26 uptake mismatching after resuscitation. This may provide an additional cerebral protection.

title: Mild XXXX preserves @entity550 after resuscitation in a @entity35 model of @entity1167 .

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mild @entity2332 improves the outcomes of @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 . Its neuroprotective mechanism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of mild @entity2332 on @entity550 and cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity35 were randomized into the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ), normothermic group (NT) or the sham control group. @entity2224 was electrically induced and untreated for 8 mins, followed by 8 mins of precordial compressions and mechanical ventilations. The core temperature in the @entity1585 group was reduced to 33  0.5  C at 14 mins after ROSC with a combination of ice packs, an electrical fan and a cooling blanket. The temperature was maintained at 33  C for 8hrs. Hemodynamics, @entity455 and @entity550 were measured at baseline, 2, 4 and 8hrs after ROSC. RESULTS: Microvascular flow index was significantly reduced in the NT and @entity1585 groups when compared with the SC group. A significant lesser reduction in microvascular flow index was observed in the @entity1585 group when compared with the NT group. Mild @entity2332 reduced the cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio after resuscitation when compared with the NT group. CONCLUSION: Mild @entity2332 improves the cerebral cortex microcirculatory blood supply/ @entity26 uptake mismatching after resuscitation. This may provide an additional cerebral protection.

title: Mild @entity2332 preserves @entity550 after resuscitation in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mild @entity2332 improves the outcomes of @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 . Its neuroprotective mechanism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of mild @entity2332 on @entity550 and cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity35 were randomized into the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ), normothermic group (NT) or the sham control group. @entity2224 was electrically induced and untreated for 8 mins, followed by 8 mins of precordial compressions and mechanical ventilations. The core temperature in the @entity1585 group was reduced to 33  0.5  C at 14 mins after ROSC with a combination of ice packs, an electrical fan and a cooling blanket. The temperature was maintained at 33  C for 8hrs. Hemodynamics, @entity455 and @entity550 were measured at baseline, 2, 4 and 8hrs after ROSC. RESULTS: Microvascular flow index was significantly reduced in the NT and @entity1585 groups when compared with the SC group. A significant lesser reduction in microvascular flow index was observed in the @entity1585 group when compared with the NT group. Mild @entity2332 reduced the cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio after resuscitation when compared with the NT group. CONCLUSION: Mild @entity2332 improves the cerebral cortex microcirculatory blood supply/ @entity26 uptake mismatching after resuscitation. This may provide an additional cerebral protection.

title: Mild @entity2332 preserves @entity550 after resuscitation in a XXXX model of @entity1167 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 and @entity31 are the two major forms of @entity29 ; treatment strategies have historically been determined by this binary categorisation. Genetic studies have identified 163 susceptibility loci for @entity29 , mostly shared between @entity30 and @entity31 . We undertook the largest genotype association study, to date, in widely used clinical subphenotypes of @entity29 with the goal of further understanding the biological relations between diseases. METHODS: This study included @entity1 from 49 centres in 16 countries in Europe, North America, and Australasia. We applied the Montreal classification system of @entity29 subphenotypes to 34   819 @entity1 (19   713 with @entity30 , 14   683 with @entity31 ) genotyped on the Immunochip array. We tested for genotype-phenotype associations across 156   154 genetic variants. We generated genetic risk scores by combining information from all known @entity29 associations to summarise the total load of genetic risk for a particular phenotype. We used these risk scores to test the hypothesis that @entity30 , @entity30 , and @entity31 are all genetically distinct from each other, and to attempt to identify @entity1 with a mismatch between clinical diagnosis and genetic risk profile. FINDINGS: After quality control, the primary analysis included 29   838 @entity1 (16   902 with @entity30 , 12   597 with @entity31 ). Three loci ( @entity6820 , @entity3998 , and @entity39915 3 @entity3544 ) were associated with subphenotypes of @entity29 , mainly disease location (essentially fixed over time; median follow-up of 10  5 years). Little or no genetic association with disease behaviour (which changed dramatically over time) remained after conditioning on disease location and age at onset. The genetic risk score representing all known risk alleles for @entity29 showed strong association with disease subphenotype (p=1  65   *   10(-78)), even after exclusion of @entity6820 , @entity3998 , and 3p21 (p=9  23   *   10(-18)). Predictive models based on the genetic risk score strongly distinguished colonic from @entity30 . Our genetic risk score could also identify a small number of @entity1 with discrepant genetic risk profiles who were significantly more likely to have a revised diagnosis after follow-up (p=6  8   *   10(-4)). INTERPRETATION: Our data support a continuum of @entity29 , much better explained by three groups ( @entity30 , @entity30 , and @entity31 ) than by @entity30 and @entity31 as currently defined. Disease location is an intrinsic aspect of a @entity1 's disease, in part genetically determined, and the major driver to changes in disease behaviour over time. FUNDING: International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium members funding sources (see Acknowledgments for full list).

title: Inherited determinants of Crohn's disease and XXXX phenotypes: a genetic association study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'disorders within inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["ileal Crohn's disease", "colonic Crohn's disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 , @entity28 before and during pregnancy is associated with both @entity8455 and growth restriction, and long-term cardiovascular risk in the offspring. We aimed to determine whether overweighted pregnant @entity840 sows results in an increased fetal weight at term and the effects on the vascular reactivity in fetal systemic and umbilical arteries. Pregnant @entity840 were classified as control (n=4) or high weight (HWS, n=5) according to their pre-mating weight, and their fetuses extracted at 0.9 gestation (~60 days). Segments of fetal femoral and umbilical arteries were mounted in a wire myograph, where the contractile response to @entity10406 (5-125 mM), and the relaxation to @entity842 synthase-dependent agents (insulin, 10-10-10-7 and @entity934 , 10-10-10-5) and @entity842 [ @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ), 10-10-10-5] were determined. Fetuses from HWS (HWSF) were grouped according to their body weight as low (85 g) fetal weight, based on the confidence interval (76.5-84.9 g) of the control group. No HWSF were observed in the normal range. Umbilical arteries from HWSF showed a lower response to @entity10406 and insulin compared with controls, but a comparable response with @entity4982 . Conversely, femoral arteries from HWSF showed an increased response to @entity10406 and @entity934 , along with a decreased sensitivity to @entity4982 . These data show that overweight sows have altered fetal growth along gestation. Further, large and small fetuses from obese @entity840 sows showed altered vascular reactivity at umbilical and systemic vessels, which potentially associates with long-term cardiovascular risk.

title: Pre-gestational overweight in XXXX sows induces fetal vascular dysfunction and increased rate of large and small fetuses.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['fetal macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Healing in cancellous metaphyseal bone might be different from midshaft @entity174 healing due to different access to mesenchymal stem cells, and because metaphyseal bone often heals without a cartilaginous phase. @entity32 plays an important role in the healing of a shaft @entity174 , but if metaphyseal injury is different, it is important to clarify if the role of @entity32 is also different. The biology of @entity174 healing is also influenced by the degree of mechanical stability. It is unclear if @entity32 interacts with stability-related factors. METHODS: We investigated the role of @entity32 in three different models: a metaphyseal screw pull-out, a shaft @entity174 with unstable nailing (IM-nail) and a stable external fixation (ExFix) model. For each, half of the animals received @entity619 to reduce @entity32 , and half received control injections. Mechanical and morphometric evaluation was used. RESULTS: As expected, @entity619 had a strong inhibitory effect on the healing of unstable, but also stable, shaft @entity174 . In contrast, @entity619 tended to increase the mechanical strength of metaphyseal bone regenerated under stable conditions. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that @entity619 has different effects on metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone healing. This could be explained by the different role of @entity32 at different sites of injury. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:170-175.

title: Glucocorticoids inhibit shaft XXXX healing but not metaphyseal bone regeneration under stable mechanical conditions.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the recurrent rate, mean survival time, and risk factors associated with recurrent @entity158 (BK) after primary treatment with phototherapeutic keratectomy. METHODS: Medical records from 72 @entity1 (72 eyes) who had phototherapeutic keratectomy for painful BK were evaluated. Data for sex, age, duration of BK, associated ocular and @entity262 ( @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity741 , @entity565 , @entity2299 , and @entity309 ), frequency and degree of @entity158 (grade 1-3), visual acuity, corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and laser setting were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 64.2  11.4 years. The mean preoperative duration of BK was 15.0  11.0 months. Most @entity1 had pseudophakic BK (69.40%). Majority of the cases had grade 3 degree of @entity158 (48.60%). @entity726 and @entity101 were markedly found among these @entity1 (51.40% and 19.40%, respectively). Preoperative mean intraocular pressure and corneal thickness were 13.70  4.95 mmHg and 734.1  83.80   m, respectively. The mean laser diameter and depth were 8.36  1.22 mm and 38.89  8.81   m, respectively. @entity262 was significantly associated with the risk for developing recurrent painful BK (P=0.022, hazard ratio [HR] 1.673, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.58). The overall recurrent rate was 51%. The average duration time of recurrent painful BK was 17.3  12.9 months (range 1-50 months). The median survival time before recurrence was 29.0  6.6 months. CONCLUSION: @entity262 was found to be the only risk factor significantly associated with the development of recurrent painful BK. Low recurrent rate and long mean survival time showed that phototherapeutic keratectomy was effective in relieving recurrent painful BK and can be used as an alternative procedure for @entity1 waiting for corneal transplantation.

title: Recurrent rates and risk factors associated with recurrent XXXX after primary phototherapeutic keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic disease', 'systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful bullous keratopathy', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful bullous keratopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many older @entity1 presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with @entity146 complaints require admission to geropsychiatric units (GPUs). The medical evaluation needed prior to this is not understood. Our goal was to understand @entity2613 evaluation practices for @entity1 admitted to the GPU through the @entity2613 and understand the medical problems identified after admission. METHODS: Via retrospective chart review, we abstracted demographics, medical history, @entity2613 complaint, evaluation, length of stay, and diagnosis. The number of @entity1 later transferred from the GPU and the reasons for such transfers were also recorded. RESULTS: Of 100 @entity1 reviewed, the average age was 78 years. Admission diagnoses were @entity2146 / @entity162 (30%), @entity308 /suicidal ideation (28%), change in mental status/ @entity911 (12%) and other (30%). Most had at least one prior @entity146 and medical diagnosis (77%, 60%). Common @entity2613 tests ordered were basic metabolic panel (BMP) (96%), complete blood count (CBC) (94%), urinalysis (UA) (89%), electrocardiogram (EKG) (69%), @entity285 level (62%), urine toxicology (61%), chest X-ray (51%), and CT scan of the head (71%). Abnormal findings included urinalysis (24.7%), CBC (23.4%), toxicology (23%), BMP (21.9%), head CT (21.1%), chest X-ray (13.7%), ECG changes (10.1%), and @entity285 (4.8%). Five of the 100 GPU admissions were later transferred to a medical floor. CONCLUSION: Most GPU admissions have previous @entity146 and medical issues and are admitted for @entity2146 / @entity162 or @entity308 /suicidal ideation. A certain percentage of @entity1 are transferred out due to medical issues despite @entity2613 evaluation. However, it is unlikely that further @entity2613 testing would reduce this percentage. Further research of medical screening for geropsychiatric @entity1 may elucidate ideal medical clearance procedures.

title: Characterization of Older Emergency Department XXXX Admitted to Psychiatric Units.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Background. Laparoscopic hysterectomies are increasingly popular; a morcellation device is often used. Although there are some clear benefits, morcellation of tissue does have potential risks. Case Presentation. In this case report we present a 55-year-old @entity1 with an @entity5 4 years after a laparoscopic hysterectomy using a morcellation device. Postoperative histological analysis, compromised by morcellated tissue, showed @entity1868 . Because of the @entity5 no follow-up was performed. The @entity1 presented now with an @entity5 , and she was scheduled for surgical @entity5 . During abdominal surgery the @entity5 appeared malignant and biopsies were taken. Histological analysis showed @entity1822 , and the @entity1 was referred to a third care centre for further treatment. The @entity1 recovered quickly after abdominal @entity5 ; however, after 7 months the @entity1 had complaints and a CT scan showed a large @entity5 with possible lung metastasis. The @entity1 received palliative chemotherapy and died after 10 months. Conclusion. This case shows that although unexpected after a hysterectomy, a @entity1822 has to be considered in case of a suspect @entity5 in the lower abdomen.

title: Unexpected XXXX 4 Years after Laparoscopic Removal of the Uterus Using Morcellation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['benign myoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'benign tumour', 'intra-abdominal tumour', 'abdominal tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']