abstract: Microenvironment plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and @entity3308 of cells in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity5960 ( @entity5960 ) is known as a @entity5 @entity3308 marker of @entity157 . To investigate the relationship between microenvironment and @entity3308 , we performed an in  vitro co-culture assay. Four @entity157 cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, @entity5959 and @entity9294 /PRF/5) were co-cultured with the TWNT-1 immortalized hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which create a microenvironment with @entity157 . Cell proliferation ability was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay, while migration ability was assessed by a wound healing assay. Expression of @entity5960 was analyzed by immunoblotting and FCM. @entity157 cell lines were co-cultured with TWNT-1 treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for @entity2533 and @entity20107 ; we then analyzed proliferation, migration ability and protein expression using the methods described above. Proliferation ability was unchanged in @entity157 cell lines co-cultured with TWNT-1. Migration ability was increased in @entity157 cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, @entity5959 and @entity9294 /PRF/5) directly (216.2  67.0, 61.0  22.0, 124.0  66.2 and 51.5  40.3%) and indirectly (102.5  22.0, 84.6  30.9, 86.1  25.7 and 73.9  29.7%) co-cultured with TWNT-1 compared with the @entity157 uni-culture. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased @entity5960 expression in the @entity157 cell lines co-cultured with TWNT-1. Flow cytometry revealed that the population of @entity5962 -/ @entity6076 + and @entity5960 -positive cells increased and accordingly, EMT and @entity3308 in the @entity157 cell line were activated. These results were similar in the directly and indirectly co-cultured samples, indicating that humoral factors were at play. Conversely, @entity157 cell lines co-cultured with siRNA  -treated TWNT-1 showed decreased migration ability, a decreased population of @entity5960 -positive and @entity5962 -/ @entity6076 + cells. Taken together, humoral factors secreted from TWNT-1 promote upregulation of @entity5960 and EMT in @entity96 cells.

title: Hepatic stellate cells promote upregulation of @entity5960 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['hepatic cancer']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula is a very popular herb in Bangladesh due to its traditional uses in treatment of @entity627 , @entity174 and @entity2275 . The present study was conducted to investigate the antinociceptive activity of @entity1068 extract of Polyalthia longifolia (EEPL) bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hot plate and tail immersion tests, @entity1543 -induced writhing test, @entity3264 and @entity406 -induced paw licking tests in @entity19 were employed in this study. In all the experiments EEPL was administered orally at the doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight. To investigate the possible participation of opioid system in EEPL-mediated effects, @entity1510 was used to antagonize the action. RESULTS: EEPL showed a significant antinociceptive activity against both heat and chemical-induced nociception. The effects were dose-dependent and significant at the doses of 100 and 200mg/kg of EEPL. Besides, pretreatment with @entity1510 caused significant inhibition of the antinociceptive activity induced by EEPL, revealing the possible involvement of the opioid receptors. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the antinociceptive activity of the bark of P. longifolia and support the ethnomedical use of this plant in treatment of different @entity158 .

title: Evaluation of antinociceptive activity of XXXX extract of bark ofPolyalthia longifolia.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful conditions']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) is estimated to affect 10-15% of the adult population in the Caribbean. Preventive efforts require population wide measures to address its social determinants. We undertook a systematic review to determine current knowledge about the social distribution of @entity6 , its risk factors and major complications in the Caribbean. This paper describes our findings on the distribution by gender. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase and five databases through the Virtual Health Library, for Caribbean studies published between 2007 and 2013 that described the distribution by gender for: known risk factors for Type 2 @entity3918 , prevalence of @entity3918 , and @entity3918 control or complications. PRISMA guidance on reporting systematic reviews on health equity was followed. Only quantitative studies (n>50) were included; each was assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed, where appropriate, on studies with a low or medium risk of bias, using random effects models. RESULTS: We found 50 articles from 27 studies, yielding 118 relationships between gender and the outcomes. @entity1 were more likely to have @entity3918 , @entity28 , be less physically active but less likely to smoke. In meta-analyses of good quality population-based studies odds ratios for @entity1 vs. @entity1 for @entity3918 , @entity28 and smoking were: 1.65 (95% CI 1.43, 1.91), 3.10 (2.43, 3.94), and 0.24 (0.17, 0.34). Three studies found @entity1 more likely to have better glycaemic control but only one achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Female gender is a determinant of @entity3918 prevalence in the Caribbean. In the vast majority of world regions @entity1 are at a similar or lower risk of type 2 @entity6 than @entity1 , even when @entity28 is higher in @entity1 . Caribbean female excess of @entity6 may be due to a much greater excess of risk factors in @entity1 , especially @entity28 . These findings have major implications for preventive policies and research.

title: Female Gender Is a Social Determinant of XXXX in the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteopathic medicine is based on a diagnostic and therapeutic system to treat tissue mobility/ motility dysfunctions in general, using different approaches (depending on the target tissue) known as osteopathic manipulative treatment. Among the available techniques those ones addressed to the cranial field are the most questioned because of the lack of scientific evidence; but the compression of the 4th ventricle technique has been largely studied in clinical trials. Studies have shown that the technique may affect both central and autonomous nervous system, modulating some reflexes (Traube-Hering baro signal), and modifying brain cortex electrical activity through central sensitization in subjects with @entity1643 . Thus, investigators hypothesize that the compression of the 4th ventricle may modulate peak alpha frequency (eletroencephalographic assessment) and promote physical relaxation in subjects in vigil. METHODS/DESIGN: A randomized, controlled crossover trial with blinded assessor was designed to test the hypothesis. A total of 81 @entity1 will be assigned to three treatment conditions, with seven days of washout: (I) compression of the 4th ventricle; (II) sham compression of the fourth ventricle; (III) control (no intervention). The (I) power amplitude and the (II) frequencies of the dominant peak in the alpha band will be the primary outcome measures of the study. All @entity1 will be recruited at the Outpatient Rehabilitation Service of the University Hospital of Bras  lia - University of Bras  lia. All the electroencephalographic exams will be conducted by a blinded assessor. DISCUSSION: The investigators hypothesize that @entity1 with @entity1643 submitted to the technique would have the peak alpha frequency modulated and, thus, would experience physical relaxation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02111382.

title: Immediate changes in electroencephalography activity in individuals with nonspecific XXXX after cranial osteopathic manipulative treatment: study protocol of a randomized, controlled crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity302 ( @entity302 ) occurs in 20-30% of @entity1 . The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in this group of @entity1 , including adult and pediatric populations and several off-label indications. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 59 consecutive @entity1 in whom 60 VNS devices were implanted at a single institution during a 15-year period. @entity1 were evaluated in the @entity302 was performed. The series included indications not approved by the FDA, such as @entity1 under 12 years of age, pregnancy and right-sided VNS. Performing the procedure on an out- @entity1 basis was recently adopted, minimizing hospital length of stay. RESULTS: There were 42 adults and 17 @entity1 (14 under 12 years of age) and the mean age at implantation was 26 years. Duration of VNS therapy ranged from 6 months to 9 years. For the entire cohort, the mean percentage @entity410 reduction was 31.37%. Twenty @entity1 (34.48%) were considered responders ( @entity410 reduction >= 50%); 7 @entity1 (12.06%) had @entity410 reduction of >= 75% and 2 @entity1 had @entity410 control of >= 90% (3.4%). The @entity1 in whom right-sided VNS was implanted achieved the same reduction in @entity410 burden and the @entity1 who became pregnant could reduce antiepileptic drugs dosage, without complications. Side-effects were mild and there were no permanent @entity128 . One @entity1 died in the follow-up due to @entity146 previously known. CONCLUSIONS: VNS is a safe and effective palliative treatment for @entity302 @entity1 . There are an increasing number of indications and further randomized trials would potentially expand the number of @entity1 who may benefit from it. A multidisciplinary team is crucial for a complete preoperative evaluation and selection of the optimal candidates for the treatment.

title: Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for treatment-resistant XXXX : A 15-year experience at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Treatment-resistant epilepsy', 'Multidisciplinary Epilepsy Committee and complete presurgical workup', 'TRE']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the high @entity565 rates described in Latin America, @entity565 risk factors in poor urban settings are not well established. We investigated risk factors for @entity697 among Ecuadorian @entity1 . METHODS: A matched case-control study was carried out in a public hospital serving a coastal city. @entity1 with @entity697 were age- and sex-matched to non-asthmatics. A questionnaire was administered, and blood, as well as stool, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. RESULTS: Sixty cases and 119 controls aged 5-15 were evaluated. High proportions of cases were @entity1097 with population-attributable fractions for @entity402 .5% for sIgE and 57.2% for SPT. Acute @entity565 risk increased with greater titers of mite IgE (3.51-50  kU/l vs. <0.70kU/l - OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.48-14.06, p  =  0.008; >50kU/l vs. <0.70kU/l - OR 41.98, 95% CI: 8.97-196.39, p  <  0.001). Asthma risk was significantly independently associated with @entity5924 (adj. OR: 38.9, 95% CI 3.26-465), parental educational level (adj. OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.46), and presence of sIgE (adj. OR: 36.7, 95% CI: 4.00-337), while a reduced risk was associated with current contact with pets (adj. OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.56). @entity281 was more frequent in cases (cases 35.6% vs. controls 7.8%, p  =  0.002). None of the cases were on maintenance therapy with inhaled @entity288 and most relied on emergency department for control. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of @entity1 presenting to a public hospital with @entity697 were @entity56 to mite, particularly at high IgE titer. Poor @entity565 control resulted in overuse of emergency care.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in tropical America: a case-control study in the City of Esmeraldas, Ecuador.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we demonstrate the use of a genome-wide association mapping together with RNA-seq in a reduced number of samples, as an efficient approach to detect the causal mutation for a @entity74 . @entity3202 is a recessive genodermatosis that manifests with neonatal mechanical fragility of the skin, blistering confined to the lamina lucida of the basement membrane and severe alteration of the hemidesmosomal junctions. In Spanish Churra @entity742 , @entity3202 ( @entity3202 ) has been detected in two commercial flocks. The @entity3202 locus was mapped to @entity742 chromosome 11 by GWAS and subsequently fine-mapped to an 868-kb homozygous segment using the identical-by-descent method. The @entity67617 , which is located within this region, was identified as the best positional and functional candidate gene. The RNA-seq variant analysis enabled us to discover a 4-bp deletion within exon 33 of the @entity67617 gene ( @entity71839 ). The @entity71839 mutation causes a frameshift resulting in a premature stop codon at position 1472 of the integrin b4 protein. A functional analysis of this deletion revealed decreased levels of mRNA in @entity3202 skin samples and the absence of integrin b4 labeling in immunohistochemical assays. Genotyping of @entity71839 showed perfect concordance with the recessive mode of the disease phenotype. Selection against this causal mutation will now be used to solve the problem of @entity3202 in flocks of Churra @entity742 . Furthermore, the identification of the @entity67617 mutation means that affected @entity742 can be used as a large @entity1 animal model for the @entity1 form of @entity2640 with @entity2321 . Our approach evidences that RNA-seq offers cost-effective alternative to identify variants in the species in which high resolution exome-sequencing is not straightforward.

title: Combining GWAS and RNA-Seq Approaches for Detection of the Causal Mutation for Hereditary Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['sheep', 'Ovis aries']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['Junctional epidermolysis bullosa', 'JEB', 'junctional epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Mendelian disease']

entities_list: @entity2321 :: ('MESH:D004476', 'Disease') :: ['aplasia cutis']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['Sheep']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), @entity3088 isolated from purple sweet potato, has been well demonstrated for the pharmacological properties. In the present study, we attempt to explore whether the antisenescence was involved in PSPC-mediated protection against endothelium dysfunction in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and, if involved, what are the possible mechanisms. The results showed that atherogenesis and endothelial senescence in the thoracic aorta were promoted in @entity19 with @entity5710 ; meanwhile, PSPC attenuated the deterioration of vascular vessel and inhibited the endothelial senescence. @entity6 is a documented high-risk factor for the development of @entity731 . Studies show that @entity3649 ( @entity16076 ) promotes endothelial cell senescence in vitro. In our study, we have determined that PSPC could suppress the @entity16076 -induced premature senescence and the abnormal endothelial function, discovered in the early stages of @entity731 induced by @entity6 . We have discovered that the PSPC down-regulates reactive @entity26 species (ROS) accumulation and the @entity6198 inflammasome functions. Furthermore, the premature senescence induced by @entity16076 was inhibited after attenuation of ROS and deactivation of @entity6198 inflammasomes. However, once the @entity6198 inflammasomes are overactivated, PSPC could not restrain cell senescence. These data imply that the beneficial effects of PSPC on @entity6 -induced @entity409 and senescence are mediated through ROS and @entity6198 signaling pathways, suggesting a potential target for the prevention of endothelial senescence-related @entity65 .

title: Purple sweet potato color inhibits endothelial premature senescence by blocking the XXXX inflammasome.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['d-galactose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity6198 :: (216799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NLRP3']


abstract: In fifteen subjects with oculo-cutaneous or ocular albinism pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded to monocular whole-field (16 degrees radius) and right and left vertical half-field (16 degrees radius) stimulation from an array of occipital electrodes. In all 15 subjects the VEP was of low amplitude and the monocular response to whole-field stimulation showed abnormal asymmetry in scalp topography. This asymmetry was similar to that produced by stimulation of the temporal half-field in the same eye. Two distinct types of VEP asymmetry were readily identified in different subjects. In 5 the major positivity of the response ( @entity7286 ) was distributed in the channels ipsilateral to the stimulated eye or temporal half-field, being similar in distribution to the @entity7286 from the temporal hemifield or normal individuals. In 9 other subjects the converse occurred; the @entity7286 was distributed contralaterally. The remaining subject was unique in that the responses from each eye had a distribution that resembled one of the two main groups. The nasal half-field responses also differentiated the two groups. On stimulation of the nasal field in the first group the @entity7286 was usually absent or attenuated and when present it had the same topography as the temporal half-field @entity7286 . In contrast the nasal half-field @entity7286 from the second group was always present and, although almost invariably smaller than the temporal half-field @entity7286 , it had an identical distribution. There was no correlation between these two patterns of VEP asymmetry and clinical or known genetic features. The findings confirm that in @entity1 albinos each hemisphere receives a predominantly monocular input from the contralateral eye; i.e. in addition to the temporal, half-field, approximately 20 degrees of the nasal half-field is projected to the hemisphere contralateral to each eye and not, as in normal subjects, to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Furthermore, the findings of two distinct and in some respects opposite types of VEP topographical asymmetry raises the possibility of two variants of the geniculo-cortical projection patterns existing in @entity1 albinos similar to those described in the Siamese cat.

title: Pattern evoked potentials in XXXX albinism. Evidence of two different topographical asymmetries reflecting abnormal retino-cortical projections.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRs) are a group of small non  -coding RNAs, which influence the development and progression of @entity5 by mediating the protein expression levels of @entity5 suppressors or oncogenes. @entity695 has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity0 . However, its precise functions, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that @entity695 was markedly downregulated in @entity0 tissues and cell lines. The protein expression of Roundabout  1 ( @entity25996 ) was negatively regulated by @entity695 in MCF  -7 @entity0 cells. Luciferase reporter assays identified @entity25996 as a direct target of @entity695 in MCF  -7 cells. Additionally, upregulation of @entity695 inhibited MCF  -7 cell migration and invasion, which was attenuated by the restoration of the expression of @entity25996 . Finally, it was shown that the expression of @entity25996 mRNA and protein was increased in @entity0 tissues and cell lines. Therefore, it was hypothesized that @entity695 inhibits cell migration and invasion in @entity0 cells, at least in part, by directly targeting @entity25996 . In conclusion, the present study highlights the importance of @entity695 and @entity25996 in the progression of @entity0 .

title: MicroRNA  -29a inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting Roundabout  1 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed audiologic and surgical findings in @entity1 with @entity393 ( @entity393 ) with an intact tympanic membrane (TM) that was of a non-inflammatory origin. METHODS: We reviewed data from @entity1 who underwent exploratory tympanotomy for @entity393 with intact TM from January 1995 to November 2012. @entity1 with diseases of non-inflammatory origin were enrolled (69 @entity1 ; 79 ears). @entity1 were categorized into two groups: non- @entity130 (50 ears) and @entity130 (29 ears). Demographic data, intraoperative findings, and audiologic results were obtained and analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, the second decade was the most common age of diagnosis in both the non- @entity130 and @entity130 groups. Operative findings showed that @entity3029 was more prevalent than @entity2170 ; all @entity130 group subjects had @entity3029 . Short columellization or partial ossicular replacement was the most frequently adopted surgical procedures in both groups. Overall, audiologically, air-conduction thresholds (ACs) and air-bone gaps were significantly improved over the short- and long-term period in both groups. However, the non- @entity130 group had significantly higher preoperative ACs than the @entity130 group, especially at low frequencies. CONCLUSION: This study provides clinicians with useful information regarding the clinical characteristics of @entity393 with intact TM of non-inflammatory origin.

title: Conductive XXXX with an intact tympanic membrane due to non-inflammatory causes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2170 :: ('MESH:C537142', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular fixation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['conductive hearing loss', 'CHL']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular dislocation']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: The intramolecular proton transfer reaction of @entity1234 in neon solvent has been investigated by mixed @entity74 ( @entity74 ) calculations and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) calculations. Comparing these calculated results with those for @entity1234 in water reported in Part I [A. Yamada, H. Kojima, and S. Okazaki, J. Chem. Phys. 141, 084509 (2014)], the solvent dependence of the reaction rate, the reaction mechanism involved, and the quantum effect therein have been investigated. With @entity74 , the reaction rate in weakly interacting @entity70958 is lower than that in strongly interacting water. However, with @entity74 , the order of the reaction rates is reversed. To investigate the mechanisms in detail, the reactions were categorized into three mechanisms: tunneling, thermal activation, and barrier vanishing. Then, the quantum and solvent effects were analyzed from the viewpoint of the reaction mechanism focusing on the shape of potential energy curve and its fluctuations. The higher reaction rate that was found for neon in @entity74 compared with that found for water solvent arises from the tunneling reactions because of the nearly symmetric double-well shape of the potential curve in neon. The thermal activation and barrier vanishing reactions were also accelerated by the zero-point energy. The number of reactions based on these two mechanisms in water was greater than that in neon in both @entity74 and @entity74 because these reactions are dominated by the strength of solute-solvent interactions.

title: A molecular dynamics study of intramolecular proton transfer reaction of XXXX in solution based upon a mixed quantum-classical approximation. II. Proton transfer reaction in non-polar solvent.

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fully classical molecular dynamics', 'QCMD', 'quantum-classical molecular dynamics', 'FCMD']

answer: @entity1234 :: (MESH:D008315,Chemical) :: ['malonaldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Appropriate management for multifocal branch duct type @entity4929 (BD-IPMNs) of the pancreas is still controversial. This study was intended to reveal surgical outcomes of surgical resection for multifocal BD-IPMNs, with @entity788 . METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2013, 699 @entity1 underwent the pancreatic resection due to @entity788 in our institution. Among them, 37 @entity1 showed multifocal BD-IPMNs. After excluding @entity1 who had BD-IPMNs completely resected, medical records of 22 @entity1 with remained @entity788 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 65  6.4 years. Types of surgery included central pancreatectomy (n=1), distal pancreatectomy (n=14), and standard pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (n=7). Specimen pathology showed that IPMN was either at low/intermediate-grade @entity1141 (n=17) or at high-grade @entity1141 (n=2). Three @entity1 had IPMN associated with @entity189 . Their mean follow-up period was 40.4 months. During follow-up, one mortality occurred 35.2 months after the operation which was not associated with IPMN. There was no clinically significant disease progression or recurrence of IPMN in the remnant pancreas during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that we can safely preserve the @entity788 with multifocal BD-IPMNs. Benign-looking multifocal @entity788 do not affect the survival of @entity1 .

title: Surgical outcomes of multifocal branch duct XXXX of pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas parenchyma', 'IPMN of pancreas', 'BD-IPMNs in the remnant pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: We present a rare case of functional @entity850 of the jejunal loop following left hepatectomy and hepaticojejunostomy long after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), which was successfully managed by @entity384 . A 70-year-old Korean @entity1 had undergone PPPD 6 years before due to 1.8 cm-sized distal @entity1157 @entity5 . @entity3883 led to diagnosis of recurrent @entity1157 @entity5 mimicking perihilar @entity201 of type IIIb. After left portal vein embolization, the @entity1 underwent resection of the left liver and caudate lobe and remnant extrahepatic @entity1157 . The pre-existing jejunal loop and choledochojejunostomy site were used again for new hepaticojejunostomy. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully, but clamping of the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) tube resulted in @entity255 . Biliary imaging studies revealed that biliary passage into the afferent jejunal limb was significantly impaired. We performed @entity384 of the afferent jejunal loop by using a 20 mm-wide balloon. Follow-up hepatobiliary scintigraphy showed gradual improvement in biliary excretion and the PTBD tube was removed at 1 month @entity384 . This very unusual condition was regarded as disuse atrophy of the jejunal loop, which was successfully managed by @entity384 and intraluminal keeping of a large-bore PTBD tube for 1 month.

title: Balloon dilation of jejunal afferent loop functional XXXX following left hepatectomy and hepaticojejunostomy long time after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden onset of obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'after balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) have known prognostic implications in metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 , but little is known regarding its utility in biochemical recurrence (BR) of @entity263 . The primary objectives were to determine whether CTCs are measurable in @entity1 with BR and whether it can reliably predict prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase and PSA doubling times (PSADTs). METHODS: BR was identified in @entity1 after prostatectomy or radiation or both, with a PSA increase of  >=  0.2 for prior prostatectomy or > 2 mg/dL increase for post-nadir in prior radiotherapy. CTCs were enumerated at baseline at the time of study entry using the CellSearch (Janssen Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ) test. RESULTS: The median age for all 36 @entity1 accrued was 69.5 years (range, 51-91) with a median PSA of 1.65 ng/mL (range, 0.2-65.8). Gleason scores ranged from 5 to 9 (median, 7). The majority had prostatectomy (n  = 25), external beam radiotherapy (n  = 9), CyberKnife (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA) (n  = 1), and combined radiohormonal therapy (n  = 1). PSADT ranged from 0.35 to 55 months, with a median of 7.43 months. The incidence of positive CTCs was 8.3% (3 @entity1 ), of whom 2 had biopsy-proven bony lesions on presenting with equivocal scans and PSADTs of 2.27 and 3.08 months, respectively. The third CTC-positive @entity1 had a PSADT of 4.99 months. CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining CTCs in unselected @entity1 presenting with BR has a relatively low yield. However, obtaining a positive CTC raises the suspicion of the presence of metastatic disease and may have utility for longitudinal follow-ups of @entity1 with BR.

title: Circulating @entity5 Cells in Biochemical Recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) have known prognostic implications in metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 , but little is known regarding its utility in biochemical recurrence (BR) of @entity263 . The primary objectives were to determine whether CTCs are measurable in @entity1 with BR and whether it can reliably predict prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase and PSA doubling times (PSADTs). METHODS: BR was identified in @entity1 after prostatectomy or radiation or both, with a PSA increase of  >=  0.2 for prior prostatectomy or > 2 mg/dL increase for post-nadir in prior radiotherapy. CTCs were enumerated at baseline at the time of study entry using the CellSearch (Janssen Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ) test. RESULTS: The median age for all 36 @entity1 accrued was 69.5 years (range, 51-91) with a median PSA of 1.65 ng/mL (range, 0.2-65.8). Gleason scores ranged from 5 to 9 (median, 7). The majority had prostatectomy (n  = 25), external beam radiotherapy (n  = 9), CyberKnife (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA) (n  = 1), and combined radiohormonal therapy (n  = 1). PSADT ranged from 0.35 to 55 months, with a median of 7.43 months. The incidence of positive CTCs was 8.3% (3 @entity1 ), of whom 2 had biopsy-proven bony lesions on presenting with equivocal scans and PSADTs of 2.27 and 3.08 months, respectively. The third CTC-positive @entity1 had a PSADT of 4.99 months. CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining CTCs in unselected @entity1 presenting with BR has a relatively low yield. However, obtaining a positive CTC raises the suspicion of the presence of metastatic disease and may have utility for longitudinal follow-ups of @entity1 with BR.

title: Circulating XXXX Cells in Biochemical Recurrence of @entity263 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data obtained from oral health surveys are very important for identifying disease-susceptible groups and for developing dental care and prevention programs. So, the purpose of the current article was to investigate the prevalence of @entity5932 ( @entity5932 ) in a population of Brazilian police. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Interviews and oral cavity examinations were performed on a sample of 395 police officers who were randomly selected by the calibrated researcher. The number of individuals was obtained by a sample calculation using the finite population correction. The diagnostic criteria were based on the WHO (1997) criteria and adapted to Brazilian surveys. RESULTS: In total, 8.61% of the population presented some OML. @entity130 and @entity29021 ( @entity29021 ) were the most prevalent lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of potentially malignant disorders was lower than among the Brazilian population.The most prevalent lesion among the police officers was related to @entity130 . @entity1 dissatisfied with oral health had a higher risk of presenting @entity5932 . Key words:Mouth @entity3137 mucosa, military personnel, public health, oral pathology, @entity8407 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in a brazilian military police population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity29021 :: ('MESH:D005929', 'Disease') :: ['benign migratory glossitis', 'BMG']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['OMLs', 'oral mucosa lesions']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['disease, mouth']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['oral mucosal lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia is widely used for caesarean section. Addition of intrathecal @entity2399 to local anesthetics seems to improve the quality of block and prolong the duration of @entity1337 . OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to examine whether addition of intrathecal @entity2399 enhances the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal @entity1341 in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blind, case-control, clinical trial. Eighty @entity1 were scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mg of hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% (control group) or 10 mg of hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% plus 50 mg @entity2399 (case group) intrathecally. Hemodynamic variability, onset and duration of block and duration of @entity1337 were evaluated. RESULTS: The onset of sensory blockade was delayed in case group compared with control group, and this was statistically significant. The onset of motor blockade had no difference in both groups. The duration of motor blockade was similar. Post-operative @entity1337 was longer in @entity2399 group but the difference was not meaningful. The intraoperative hemodynamic variability showed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the addition of intrathecal @entity2399 to @entity1341 is not desirable in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section due to the delay in the onset of sensory blockade and the lack of significant effects of @entity1760 on post-operative @entity158 .

title: Addition of Intrathecal @entity2399 to XXXX for Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['Bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia is widely used for caesarean section. Addition of intrathecal @entity2399 to local anesthetics seems to improve the quality of block and prolong the duration of @entity1337 . OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to examine whether addition of intrathecal @entity2399 enhances the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal @entity1341 in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blind, case-control, clinical trial. Eighty @entity1 were scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mg of hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% (control group) or 10 mg of hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% plus 50 mg @entity2399 (case group) intrathecally. Hemodynamic variability, onset and duration of block and duration of @entity1337 were evaluated. RESULTS: The onset of sensory blockade was delayed in case group compared with control group, and this was statistically significant. The onset of motor blockade had no difference in both groups. The duration of motor blockade was similar. Post-operative @entity1337 was longer in @entity2399 group but the difference was not meaningful. The intraoperative hemodynamic variability showed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the addition of intrathecal @entity2399 to @entity1341 is not desirable in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section due to the delay in the onset of sensory blockade and the lack of significant effects of @entity1760 on post-operative @entity158 .

title: Addition of Intrathecal XXXX to @entity1341 for Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Section.

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium Sulfate']


abstract: 1. Certain muscles in the hind foot of @entity35 were partially paralysed by applying tetrodotoxin to part of their motor innervation. In these muscles motor nerve sprouting occurred from the terminals of the unblocked axons. The extent of sprouting was compared with that seen in totally paralysed and in partially denervated muscles. 2. Action potentials were blocked in the medial and lateral plantar nerves of adult @entity35 for 5-13 days by continuous superfusion with a solution containing @entity1022 . The drug was delivered through a tube and nerve cuff from an osmotic pump placed intraperitoneally. Control experiments showed that @entity616 was complete and that signs of @entity16 were absent in the animals included in the study. 3. Two muscles (the second lumbrical and flexor digitorum brevis), which received innervation only from the medial plantar nerve, were totally paralysed by the @entity616 . Two different muscles (the fourth lumbrical and flexor digitorum quinti brevis) were only partially paralysed, since they received their innervation from the @entity4957 and, in addition, from the sural nerve which was not blocked. One day before the final experiment, the @entity4957 was cut, and its terminals degenerated. Thus in the partially paralysed muscles only the unblocked terminals from the sural nerve remained. These terminals were observed after staining with @entity51154 and @entity3734 . Similarly, terminals from the medial plantar nerve were examined in the totally blocked muscles from the same animal. 4. In other experiments, muscles were partially denervated by cutting the @entity4957 in order to compare effects of @entity616 and nerve section. 5. Sprouting occurred under all three conditions. Active terminals in the muscles partially paralysed for 5-7 days sprouted to the same extent as terminals in muscles totally blocked during the same period: about 35% of the terminals had sprouts, and their average length was about 13 micron. Sprouting was more pronounced in partially denervated muscles: about 65% of the terminals had sprouts and they averaged 24 micron in length. Collateral (preterminal) sprouts were seen only after partial denervation. 6. Physiological and histological observations suggested that sprouts in paralysed muscles, unlike those in partially denervated muscles, seldom if ever made new synapses on neighbouring muscle fibres, even after 12-13 days of @entity616 . 7. The results show that inactive muscle fibres cause active nerve terminals on neighbouring fibres to sprout, perhaps by releasing a diffusible, sprout-promoting factor, which is part of the stimulus for motor nerve sprouting in partially denervated muscles.

title: Sprouting of active nerve terminals in partially inactive muscles of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['lateral plantar nerve']

entities_list: @entity51154 :: ('MESH:C029770', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc iodide']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8518 is a rare, inherited @entity74 caused by the accumulation of free @entity1434 in lysosomes. It is treated by the administration of @entity8488 , which should be monitored by trough white blood cell (WBC) @entity1434 measurements to ensure effective treatment. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: The index case had an older brother who had previously been diagnosed with @entity8518 , allowing early diagnosis of the index case at the age of 5  months. @entity8488 therapy was started at the age of 3  years; however, monitoring of WBC @entity1434 levels did not occur on a regular basis during most of his life. @entity851 improved after correction of electrolyte disturbances, the initiation of @entity8488 therapy and treatment with recombinant @entity1 growth hormone. Renal replacement therapy was started at the age of 11  years, and renal transplantation was performed at the age of 12  years. Extra-renal @entity1434 accumulation caused multiple @entity2744 (including @entity1887 , @entity1375 and @entity6126 ), @entity16 , @entity3043 owing to @entity381 and portal @entity101 due to nodular regenerative @entity1373 , aggravated by @entity715 and partial portal vein @entity715 . The @entity1 died of diffuse @entity548 caused by severe portal @entity101 . CONCLUSION: @entity8488 treatment should be started as early as possible, and dosage should be monitored and adapted based on trough WBC @entity1434 levels. RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINE: Emma F et al. (2014) @entity8518 : an international consensus document. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29:iv87-iv94.

title: Management dilemmas in pediatric nephrology: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteamine', 'cysteamine']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['Cystinosis', 'Nephropathic cystinosis', 'cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'splenic vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity8518 :: (MESH:D003554,Disease) :: ['Cystinosis']


abstract: The liver is involved in a variety of critical biological functions including the homeostasis of @entity413 , @entity1718 , @entity1522 , and the synthesis of proteins that are secreted in the blood. It is also at the forefront in the detoxification of noxious metabolites that would otherwise upset the functioning of the body. As such, this vital component of the @entity1 system is exposed to a notable quantity of toxicants on a regular basis. It therefore comes as no surprise that there are over a hundred disparate @entity99 , encompassing such afflictions as @entity409 , @entity99 , and @entity96 . Most if not all of liver functions are dependent on energy, an ingredient that is primarily generated by the mitochondrion, the power house of all cells. This organelle is indispensable in providing @entity855 ( @entity855 ), a key effector of most biological processes. Dysfunctional mitochondria lead to a shortage in @entity855 , the leakage of deleterious reactive @entity26 species (ROS), and the excessive storage of fats. Here we examine how incapacitated mitochondrial bioenergetics triggers the pathogenesis of various @entity99 . Exposure of liver cells to detrimental environmental hazards such as oxidative stress, @entity137 , and various xenobiotics results in the inactivation of crucial mitochondrial enzymes and decreased @entity855 levels. The contribution of the latter to @entity99 and potential therapeutic cues to remedy these conditions are elaborated.

title: Dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics and the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic diseases', 'hepatic disorders', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['metal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate lipegfilgrastim superiority versus placebo in adults with @entity1149 receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. METHODS: This phase III, double-blind study randomized chemotherapy-naive @entity1 to receive @entity900 and @entity2879 with either lipegfilgrastim 6  mg or placebo. Because of the placebo control, @entity1 at individual high risk for @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ; >= 20%) were excluded. Study drug was administered on day 4 (24  h after chemotherapy) of a 21-day cycle for  <=4 cycles. Primary efficacy measure was @entity1398 incidence in cycle 1. Secondary assessments included @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) profile, and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The study included 375 @entity1 (lipegfilgrastim, n  =  250; placebo, n  =  125). Lipegfilgrastim superiority for @entity1398 incidence in cycle 1 was not achieved but incidence was lower (2.4%) versus placebo (5.6%). Cycle 1 mean @entity1398 was significantly shorter for lipegfilgrastim (0.6      1.1  days) versus placebo (2.3      0.5  days; p  <  0.0001). Incidence of severe @entity1398 was significantly lower for lipegfilgrastim versus placebo overall and in each cycle (all, p  <  0.0001). Mean ANC nadir was lowest in cycle 1 but significantly higher for lipegfilgrastim (1.60      1.64) than placebo (0.67      0.85; p  <  0.0001). Mean time to ANC recovery was shorter with lipegfilgrastim in each cycle. Treatment-emergent AEs were similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lipegfilgrastim was not statistically superior to placebo for incidence of @entity1398 in cycle 1, but was more effective in reducing incidence of severe @entity1398 , @entity1398 , and time to ANC recovery, with an acceptable safety profile. Controlled-trials.com identifier: ISRCTN55761467.

title: Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of lipegfilgrastim in @entity1 with XXXX receiving myelosuppressive therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['duration of severe neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'FN', 'DSN', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate lipegfilgrastim superiority versus placebo in adults with @entity1149 receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. METHODS: This phase III, double-blind study randomized chemotherapy-naive @entity1 to receive @entity900 and @entity2879 with either lipegfilgrastim 6  mg or placebo. Because of the placebo control, @entity1 at individual high risk for @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ; >= 20%) were excluded. Study drug was administered on day 4 (24  h after chemotherapy) of a 21-day cycle for  <=4 cycles. Primary efficacy measure was @entity1398 incidence in cycle 1. Secondary assessments included @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) profile, and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The study included 375 @entity1 (lipegfilgrastim, n  =  250; placebo, n  =  125). Lipegfilgrastim superiority for @entity1398 incidence in cycle 1 was not achieved but incidence was lower (2.4%) versus placebo (5.6%). Cycle 1 mean @entity1398 was significantly shorter for lipegfilgrastim (0.6      1.1  days) versus placebo (2.3      0.5  days; p  <  0.0001). Incidence of severe @entity1398 was significantly lower for lipegfilgrastim versus placebo overall and in each cycle (all, p  <  0.0001). Mean ANC nadir was lowest in cycle 1 but significantly higher for lipegfilgrastim (1.60      1.64) than placebo (0.67      0.85; p  <  0.0001). Mean time to ANC recovery was shorter with lipegfilgrastim in each cycle. Treatment-emergent AEs were similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lipegfilgrastim was not statistically superior to placebo for incidence of @entity1398 in cycle 1, but was more effective in reducing incidence of severe @entity1398 , @entity1398 , and time to ANC recovery, with an acceptable safety profile. Controlled-trials.com identifier: ISRCTN55761467.

title: Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of lipegfilgrastim in XXXX with @entity1149 receiving myelosuppressive therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Keratinization may be a vulnerable aid in predicting response to therapy for @entity189 . METHODS: The presence or absence of keratin in biopsy specimens was correlated with @entity5 behavior, locoregional control, patterns of failure, and survival of @entity1 irradiated for @entity189 . RESULTS: @entity1 with keratinizing @entity1544 (World Health Organization [WHO] type 1) had a higher incidence (76%) of locally advanced @entity5 than those with nonkeratinizing (WHO type 2) and undifferentiated (WHO type 3) @entity5 (55%). The former group of @entity1 had a lower incidence (29%) of lymph node @entity3 than the later group (70%). @entity5 was controlled in 62% and neck nodes were controlled in 82% of all @entity1 . @entity5 control rates were 29% in @entity1 with keratinizing @entity1544 and 79% in those with nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated @entity5 (P = .001). Nodal control rates were 76% for keratinizing squamous-cell @entity5 and 85% for nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated @entity5 (P = .001). The incidence of distant @entity3 was 6% in @entity1 with keratinizing squamous-cell @entity5 and 33% in those with nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated @entity5 (P = .001). @entity1 with keratinizing @entity1544 , even though they had a lower incidence of lymphatic and distant @entity3 , had a poorer survival rate because of a higher incidence of @entity204 from uncontrolled @entity5 and nodal @entity3 . The 5-year survival rates were 35% for all @entity1 , 6% for those with keratinizing @entity1544 , and 51% for nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated @entity5 respectively (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Higher doses of external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy boost may be needed to improve local control and survival of @entity1 with keratinizing @entity957 of the nasopharynx, whereas an effective systemic therapy is needed for nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated @entity5 , which tend to metastasize.

title: Prognostic significance of keratinization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Non-inducibility is frequently used as procedural endpoint of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) ablation after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We investigated the influence of left ventricular (LV) function on the predictive value of non-inducibility for @entity1165 recurrence and cardiac mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: -Ninety-one @entity1 (82 @entity1 , 67  10 years) with @entity583 @entity1165 underwent ablation between 2009 and 2012. Fifty-nine (65%) had a LV ejection fraction (EF) >30%, (mean 41  7) and 32 (35%) a LVEF <=30% (mean 20  5). Thirty @entity1 (51%) with EF>30% and 13 (41%) with EF <=30% were non-inducible after ablation (P=0.386). During a median follow-up of 23 (Q1-Q3 16-36) months, 35 @entity1 (38%) experienced @entity1165 recurrences and 17 (18%) @entity204 . At one year follow-up, survival free from @entity1165 recurrence and @entity204 for @entity1 with LVEF>30% was 80% (CI 95%, 70-90) compared to 42% (CI 95%, 33-51) for those with LVEF <=30% (P=0.001). Non-inducible @entity1 with LVEF>30% had a recurrence-free survival from @entity204 of 90% (CI 95%, 71-100) compared to 65% (CI 95% 47-83) for inducible @entity1 (P= 0.015). In the subgroup of @entity1 with LVEF <=30% the survival free from @entity1165 recurrence and @entity204 was 31% (CI 95%, 0-60%) for non-inducible compared to 39% (CI 95%, 27-52) for those who remained inducible (P= 0.842). CONCLUSIONS: -Non-inducible @entity1 with moderately depressed LV function have a favorable outcome compared to @entity1 that remained inducible after ablation. On the contrary, @entity1 with severely depressed LV function have a poor prognosis independent of the acute procedural outcome.

title: Re-Assessing Non-Inducibility as Ablation Endpoint of Post-Infarction XXXX : The Impact of Left Ventricular Function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Tachycardia']


abstract: Importance: Knowing the underlying etiology of @entity717 in @entity74 holds great promise for developing targeted treatments. Although successful preclinical studies and many positive clinical studies have been reported, it is unclear how many purported therapies have become established treatments. The quality of the clinical trials may be an important determinant for achieving clinical impact. Objective: To evaluate clinical impact, strengths, and weaknesses of clinical trials of diet or drug treatments to improve cognitive function in @entity1 with a @entity74 . Evidence Review: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception date to January 26, 2014, for clinical trials with cognitive outcomes in @entity1 with @entity74 . Outcome measures of @entity922 ( @entity922 ) were compared between trial registries and reports, and trials were evaluated for the quality of design using the Jadad score and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria. Findings: We identified 169 trial reports of 80 treatments for 32 @entity74 . Seventy-five trials (44.4%) reported potential efficacy, of which only 2 therapies are now established treatments, namely, dietary restriction for @entity814 and miglustat for @entity1687 . The median sample size for @entity922 was 25 (range, 2-537). Only 30 of 107 @entity922 (28.0%) had acceptable Jadad scores exceeding 3. Reporting of key CONSORT items was poor. Reported outcome measures matched preregistered outcome measures in trial registries in only 5 of 107 @entity922 (4.7%). Conclusions and Relevance: The number of trials in the field of @entity74 is rapidly growing, but clinical impact has been limited because few drugs have become established treatments and the benefit of most drugs remains unclear. Most trials have small sample sizes and low quality of design. Predefinition of outcome measures, improved trial reporting and design, and international collaboration to increase recruitment are needed to unequivocally determine efficacy of drugs identified in preclinical research.

title: Treatment of Cognitive Deficits in XXXX : A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials of Diet and Drug Treatments.

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick disease type C']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'cognitive genetic disorders', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Genetic Disorders']


abstract: @entity1827 , a 21-residue peptide isolated from vascular endothelial cells, has a broad spectrum of actions. To clarify the involvement of @entity1827 in acute @entity788 , we examined the effects of @entity1827 and its receptor antagonist @entity11344 on @entity8629 -induced @entity788 in @entity35 . @entity35 were infused intravenously with heparin-saline (control), @entity1827 (100 pmol/kg/hr), @entity8629 (5 micrograms/kg/hr), or @entity8629 plus @entity1827 for 3.5 hr. In another experiment, @entity8629 or @entity8629 plus @entity11344 (3 mg/kg/hr) was infused. Infusion of @entity8629 caused @entity12828 and @entity4 . @entity1827 , when infused with @entity8629 , decreased the extent of @entity4 with a significant increase in the pancreatic dry- to wet-weight ratio. Histological changes induced by @entity8629 were markedly attenuated when @entity1827 was given with @entity8629 . In contrast, endothelin-receptor blockade with @entity11344 further augmented @entity4 caused by @entity8629 . The extent of inflammatory cell infiltration was greater than @entity11344 was given with @entity8629 . @entity1827 or @entity11344 had no influence on @entity12828 . This study suggests that @entity1827 has protective effects on experimental acute @entity788 .

title: Protective effects of @entity1827 on acute XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic edema']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity1827 , a 21-residue peptide isolated from vascular endothelial cells, has a broad spectrum of actions. To clarify the involvement of @entity1827 in acute @entity788 , we examined the effects of @entity1827 and its receptor antagonist @entity11344 on @entity8629 -induced @entity788 in @entity35 . @entity35 were infused intravenously with heparin-saline (control), @entity1827 (100 pmol/kg/hr), @entity8629 (5 micrograms/kg/hr), or @entity8629 plus @entity1827 for 3.5 hr. In another experiment, @entity8629 or @entity8629 plus @entity11344 (3 mg/kg/hr) was infused. Infusion of @entity8629 caused @entity12828 and @entity4 . @entity1827 , when infused with @entity8629 , decreased the extent of @entity4 with a significant increase in the pancreatic dry- to wet-weight ratio. Histological changes induced by @entity8629 were markedly attenuated when @entity1827 was given with @entity8629 . In contrast, endothelin-receptor blockade with @entity11344 further augmented @entity4 caused by @entity8629 . The extent of inflammatory cell infiltration was greater than @entity11344 was given with @entity8629 . @entity1827 or @entity11344 had no influence on @entity12828 . This study suggests that @entity1827 has protective effects on experimental acute @entity788 .

title: Protective effects of XXXX on acute @entity788 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1827 :: (24323(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: @entity1827 , a 21-residue peptide isolated from vascular endothelial cells, has a broad spectrum of actions. To clarify the involvement of @entity1827 in acute @entity788 , we examined the effects of @entity1827 and its receptor antagonist @entity11344 on @entity8629 -induced @entity788 in @entity35 . @entity35 were infused intravenously with heparin-saline (control), @entity1827 (100 pmol/kg/hr), @entity8629 (5 micrograms/kg/hr), or @entity8629 plus @entity1827 for 3.5 hr. In another experiment, @entity8629 or @entity8629 plus @entity11344 (3 mg/kg/hr) was infused. Infusion of @entity8629 caused @entity12828 and @entity4 . @entity1827 , when infused with @entity8629 , decreased the extent of @entity4 with a significant increase in the pancreatic dry- to wet-weight ratio. Histological changes induced by @entity8629 were markedly attenuated when @entity1827 was given with @entity8629 . In contrast, endothelin-receptor blockade with @entity11344 further augmented @entity4 caused by @entity8629 . The extent of inflammatory cell infiltration was greater than @entity11344 was given with @entity8629 . @entity1827 or @entity11344 had no influence on @entity12828 . This study suggests that @entity1827 has protective effects on experimental acute @entity788 .

title: Protective effects of @entity1827 on acute @entity788 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Little information is available on the long-term clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity715 ( @entity715 ). OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence rates of @entity548 , @entity715 events, and mortality in a large international cohort of @entity1 with @entity715 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A prospective cohort study was conducted beginning May 2, 2008, and completed January 30, 2014, at hospital-based centers specialized in the management of @entity1031 ; a 2-year follow-up period was completed January 30, 2014, and data analysis was conducted from July 1, 2014, to February 28, 2015. @entity1 included 604 consecutive @entity1 with objectively diagnosed @entity715 ; there were no exclusion critieria. Information was gathered on baseline characteristics, risk factors, and antithrombotic treatment. Clinical outcomes during the follow-up period were documented and reviewed by a central adjudication committee. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Major @entity548 , defined according to the International Society on @entity715 and Hemostasis; @entity548 requiring hospitalization; @entity715 events, including venous and arterial @entity715 ; and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Of the 604 @entity1 (median age, 54 years; 62.6% males), 21 (3.5%) did not complete follow-up. The most common risk factors for @entity715 were @entity1575 (167 of 600 @entity1 [27.8%]) and solid @entity5 (136 of 600 [22.7%]); the most common sites of @entity715 were the portal vein (465 of 604 [77.0%]) and the mesenteric veins (266 of 604 [44.0%]). Anticoagulation was administered to 465 @entity1 in the entire cohort (77.0%) with a mean duration of 13.9 months; 175 of the anticoagulant group (37.6%) received parenteral treatment only, and 290 @entity1 (62.4%) were receiving @entity2067 antagonists. The incidence rates (reported with 95% CIs) were 3.8 per 100 @entity1 -years (2.7-5.2) for major @entity548 , 7.3 per 100 @entity1 -years (5.8-9.3) for @entity715 events, and 10.3 per 100 @entity1 -years (8.5-12.5) for all-cause mortality. During anticoagulant treatment, these rates were 3.9 per 100 @entity1 -years (2.6-6.0) for major @entity548 and 5.6 per 100 @entity1 -years (3.9-8.0) for @entity715 events. After treatment discontinuation, rates were 1.0 per 100 @entity1 -years (0.3-4.2) and 10.5 per 100 @entity1 -years (6.8-16.3), respectively. The highest rates of major @entity548 and @entity715 events during the whole study period were observed in @entity1 with @entity82 (10.0 per 100 @entity1 -years [6.6-15.1] and 11.3 per 100 @entity1 -years [7.7-16.8], respectively); the lowest rates were in @entity1 with @entity715 secondary to transient risk factors (0.5 per 100 @entity1 -years [0.1-3.7] and 3.2 per 100 @entity1 -years [1.4-7.0], respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Most @entity1 with @entity715 have a substantial long-term risk of @entity715 events. In @entity1 with @entity82 , this risk must be balanced against a similarly high risk of major @entity548 . Anticoagulant treatment appears to be safe and effective in most @entity1 with @entity715 .

title: Long-term Clinical Outcomes of XXXX : Results of an International Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic', 'SVT', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Determining @entity16 ( @entity16 ) is of paramount importance after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), although its accuracy depends upon the reliability of the neurologic examination. Here, we determine if anatomic location of cervical @entity1566 by MRI (MRI level of injury) can predict @entity16 in the acute traumatic setting. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of @entity1566 @entity1 with macroscopic evidence of cervical @entity1566 from non-penetrating @entity130 , all of whom had undergone cervical spine MRI and complete neurologic testing. The recorded MRI information included cord lesion type (intra-axial @entity4 , @entity548 ) and MRI locations of upper and lower lesion boundary, as well as lesion epicenter. Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess the relationship between MRI levels of @entity130 . RESULTS: All five MRI parameters, namely (1) upper and (2) lower boundaries of cord @entity4 , (3) lesion epicenter, and (4) upper and (5) lower boundaries of cord @entity548 demonstrated statistically significant, positive correlations with @entity16 . The MRI locations of upper and lower boundary of @entity548 were found to have the strongest correlation with @entity16 (r = 0.72 and 0.61, respectively; p < 0.01). A weaker (low to moderate) correlation existed between lower boundary of cord @entity4 and @entity16 (r = 0.30; p < 0.01). Upper boundary of cord @entity548 on MRI demonstrated the best agreement with @entity16 (mean difference 0.03    0.73; p < 0.01) by Bland-Altman analysis. CONCLUSIONS: MRI level of injury has the potential to serve as a surrogate for @entity16 in instances where the neurologic examination is either unavailable or unreliable.

title: Can anatomic level of injury on MRI predict neurological level in acute cervical XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['NLI', 'neurological level of injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI', 'cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and NLI', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity2655 may have insufficientenergy substrates, due to @entity1282 and @entity2495 , which adversely affects the prognosis. Hyperlipidaemia has been reported to be associated with @entity2655 and to represent a significant prognostic factor for survival in @entity2655 . The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among a cohort of @entity1 with @entity2655 and how the lipid profile of @entity1 with @entity2655 influenced the prognosis. This was a prospective observational cohort study comprising 512 @entity2655 @entity1 , recruited for the @entity31435 ( @entity31435 ) investigational medicinal product trial. @entity4053 serum concentrations of total @entity165 (TC), low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) were measured as part of routine monitoring in the trial. Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 had hypercholesterolaemia (defined as total @entity165 >=  5.1 mmol/l) at the screening visit. The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia decreased with time and was 64% at 18 months follow-up. On unadjusted analysis total @entity165 , LDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio had a statistically significant effect on survival (p = 0.015, 0.003 and 0.027, respectively). When adjusted for prognostic covariates, however, none of the lipid measures was found to have a statistically significant effect on survival. In conclusion, prognosis in @entity2655 is not influenced by the lipid profile of @entity1 .

title: Effect of lipid profile on prognosis in the @entity1 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Insights from the XXXX clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity31435 :: (MESH:C522838,Chemical) :: ['olesoxime']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity2655 may have insufficientenergy substrates, due to @entity1282 and @entity2495 , which adversely affects the prognosis. Hyperlipidaemia has been reported to be associated with @entity2655 and to represent a significant prognostic factor for survival in @entity2655 . The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among a cohort of @entity1 with @entity2655 and how the lipid profile of @entity1 with @entity2655 influenced the prognosis. This was a prospective observational cohort study comprising 512 @entity2655 @entity1 , recruited for the @entity31435 ( @entity31435 ) investigational medicinal product trial. @entity4053 serum concentrations of total @entity165 (TC), low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) were measured as part of routine monitoring in the trial. Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 had hypercholesterolaemia (defined as total @entity165 >=  5.1 mmol/l) at the screening visit. The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia decreased with time and was 64% at 18 months follow-up. On unadjusted analysis total @entity165 , LDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio had a statistically significant effect on survival (p = 0.015, 0.003 and 0.027, respectively). When adjusted for prognostic covariates, however, none of the lipid measures was found to have a statistically significant effect on survival. In conclusion, prognosis in @entity2655 is not influenced by the lipid profile of @entity1 .

title: Effect of lipid profile on prognosis in the XXXX with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Insights from the @entity31435 clinical trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several randomized trials have tested the use of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) in relieving chemotherapy-induced @entity236 . However, the use of CSFs in the treatment of @entity221 remains virtually unexplored. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the benefits of adding CSF therapy to the standard antibiotic treatments given to @entity5 @entity1 for chemotherapy-induced @entity221 . The usefulness of CSFs was quantified in terms of reducing the following: (a) the duration of @entity1398 , (b) the length of hospitalization, and (c) the overall cost of the treatment. METHODS: A randomized trial was conducted to test whether the administration of either @entity1261 or @entity2841 improved the outcome of standard antibiotic therapy ( @entity5505 plus @entity4509 ) in nonleukemic @entity5 @entity1 with @entity221 (> 38 degrees C) and grade IV @entity1398 (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 500/mm3) induced by standard-dose chemotherapy. Of 121 @entity1 who entered the trial, 39 received @entity1261 (5 micrograms/kg body weight per day), 39 received @entity2841 (5 micrograms/kg body weight per day), and 43 received a placebo beginning just after the first dose of antibiotics. Treatments were continued for at least 5 days (7 days with clinically or microbiologically documented infections) or until 2 days after @entity221 subsided and ANCs rose above 1000/mm3. RESULTS: The median duration of grade IV @entity1398 (ANC of < 500/mm3) was 2 days in both CSF arms and 3 days in the placebo arm (P < .001). The median duration of @entity1398 with an ANC of less than 1000/mm3 was also significantly shorter in @entity1 receiving @entity1261 or @entity2841 (P < .001). The median duration of @entity221 was similar in the three arms. The median hospital stay was 5 days (range, 5-14 days) in the @entity1261 arm, 5 days (range, 5-10 days) in the @entity2841 arm, and 7 days (range, 5-34 days) in the placebo arm (P < .001). The median time on CSF was 4 days in both treatment arms. The mean cost of overall treatment was reduced by  1300- 1400 in the CSF arms compared with the placebo arm (P = .11 for @entity1261 versus placebo; P = .06 for @entity2841 versus placebo; P = .7 for @entity1261 versus @entity2841 ). CONCLUSIONS: Adding @entity1261 or @entity2841 therapy to antibiotic treatment shortens the duration of @entity1398 and the duration of hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity221 . A statistically nonsignificant trend toward lower cost was observed in the CSF arms as compared with the placebo arm. IMPLICATIONS: The benefits of CSFs to @entity5 @entity1 with chemotherapy-induced @entity221 merit further evaluation in large randomized trials.

title: Improving treatment of chemotherapy-induced XXXX by administration of colony-stimulating factors.

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever', 'fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['neutropenic fever']


abstract: @entity401 has been reported to be a side effect of treatment with interferon, and Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) may enhance this side effect. It is well known that activated neutrophils are important mediators of @entity3794 , so we studied the effects of interferon and Sho-saiko-to on neutrophil activation. Homogenized lung @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ) activity was assayed after intraperitoneal injection of interferon with or without pretreatment with Sho-saiko-to. Although Sho-saiko-to alone did not change the lung @entity3335 content, @entity3335 in the lung was significantly increased by interferon administration. The increase was enhanced further by pretreatment with Sho-saiko-to. When the accumulated neutrophils are activated by some cytokines, such as @entity310 or @entity1356 from monocytes/macrophages, they may damage lung tissue. We therefore studied the effects of Sho-saiko-to and interferon on @entity310 production in freshly isolated @entity1 monocytes. Sho-saiko-to increased the production of @entity310 , but interferon did not. In addition, Sho-saiko-to significantly increased the production of @entity310 by monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, these data indicate that interferon causes neutrophils to accumulate in the lung. Sho-saiko-to alone may not injure lung tissue, but it increases the effect of interferon. When stimulated by some antigen, Sho-saiko-to may overstimulate the neutrophils. Granulocytes elastase and @entity26 radicals released from activated neutrophils may damage lung tissue. The fibroblasts that repair the damaged tissue may increase the risk of @entity3794 .

title: [A possible mechanism of XXXX during interferon therapy with sho-saiko-to].

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a mediator of @entity326 and @entity649 ( @entity649 ), conditions which are characterized by high-permeability @entity3126 . LPS increases endothelial permeability both directly and indirectly via the pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by monocytes and macrophages. We investigated the role of soluble @entity7636 in serum in the increased endothelial permeability induced by LPS. @entity291 pulmonary artery endothelial cells were grown to confluence on a microporous filter and the 125I-albumin clearance rate across the monolayer was determined. Even a high concentration of LPS (1 microgram/ml) did not increase endothelial permeability under a serum-free condition. In the presence of more than 3% normal human serum, LPS increased endothelial permeability. The presence of neutralizing anti- @entity7636 monoclonal antibody eliminated the serum-dependent effect of LPS. The addition of recombinant sCD14 completely replaced the requirement for serum. @entity71840 ( @entity71840 ) did not enhance the rsCD14-mediated LPS effect, and anti- @entity71840 antibody did not attenuate the serum-dependent LPS effect. These findings suggest that sCD14 in serum mediates the permeability-increasing effect on LPS on endothelial cells but that @entity71840 is not necessary for this effect.

title: Soluble XXXX in serum mediates LPS-induced increase in permeability of @entity291 pulmonary arterial endothelial cell monolayers in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity7636 :: (281048(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a mediator of @entity326 and @entity649 ( @entity649 ), conditions which are characterized by high-permeability @entity3126 . LPS increases endothelial permeability both directly and indirectly via the pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by monocytes and macrophages. We investigated the role of soluble @entity7636 in serum in the increased endothelial permeability induced by LPS. @entity291 pulmonary artery endothelial cells were grown to confluence on a microporous filter and the 125I-albumin clearance rate across the monolayer was determined. Even a high concentration of LPS (1 microgram/ml) did not increase endothelial permeability under a serum-free condition. In the presence of more than 3% normal human serum, LPS increased endothelial permeability. The presence of neutralizing anti- @entity7636 monoclonal antibody eliminated the serum-dependent effect of LPS. The addition of recombinant sCD14 completely replaced the requirement for serum. @entity71840 ( @entity71840 ) did not enhance the rsCD14-mediated LPS effect, and anti- @entity71840 antibody did not attenuate the serum-dependent LPS effect. These findings suggest that sCD14 in serum mediates the permeability-increasing effect on LPS on endothelial cells but that @entity71840 is not necessary for this effect.

title: Soluble @entity7636 in serum mediates LPS-induced increase in permeability of XXXX pulmonary arterial endothelial cell monolayers in vitro.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Insulin-dependent or type 1 @entity6 is a prototypic autoimmune disease whose incidence steadily increased over the past decades in industrialized countries. Recent evidence suggests the importance of the gut microbiota to explain this trend. Here, non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 that spontaneously develop autoimmune type 1 @entity6 were treated with different antibiotics to explore the influence of a targeted @entity6636 in the progression of the disease. A mixture of wide spectrum antibiotics (i.e. @entity3639 , @entity3273 and @entity869 ) or @entity2176 alone were administered orally from the moment of conception, treating breeding pairs, and during the postnatal and adult life until the end of follow-up at 40 weeks. @entity6 significantly and similarly increased in male @entity19 following treatment with these two antibiotic regimens. In NOD females a slight yet not significant trend towards an increase in disease incidence was observed. Changes in gut microbiota composition were assessed by sequencing the V3 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Administration of the antibiotic mixture resulted in near complete ablation of the gut microbiota. @entity2176 treatment led to increased @entity526 , Lactobacillus and Sutterella genera and decreased members of the Clostridiales order and Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae families, as compared to control @entity19 . Massive elimination of @entity636 -producing cells, both @entity1961 +TCRab+ and TCRy  + T cells was observed in the lamina propria of the ileum and the colon of @entity2176 -treated @entity19 . These results show that a directed even partial ablation of the gut microbiota, as induced by @entity2176 , significantly increases type 1 @entity6 incidence in male NOD @entity19 thus prompting for caution in the use of antibiotics in pregnant @entity1 and newborns.

title: Antibiotics in early life alter the gut microbiome and increase disease incidence in a spontaneous XXXX model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes incidence']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Many single-agent phase II studies for @entity1 with @entity418 had been performed, and at least five agents with modest activity have been indentified, BLM, @entity1139 , CDDP, VDS and @entity1500 , that revealed no CR. Even in the phase II study of 254-S, a new anticancer @entity902 complex, with a response rate of 43%, CR could not be recognized. Only two regimens of combination chemotherapy have been studied extensively, CDDP/BLM/VDS and CDDP/ @entity1487 . The combination of CDDP/ @entity1487 has gained popularity and JEOG phase II study revealed a response rate of 36%. As surgical adjuvant therapy, postoperative adjuvant therapy has been common in Japan. The 4th JEOG phase III clinical trial, comparing surgery alone and postoperative chemotherapy of CDDP/VDS, showed no additive effect to surgery by postoperative chemotherapy with such a regimen. In western countries, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is frequent and most of the regimens include CDDP/ @entity1487 . Pathological CR rates were less than 10%, and median survival terms were from eight to 28 months. The rationale for the concurrent use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is to combine an agent that has an effect upon systemic micrometastases with a modality that enhances @entity5 control. In addition, a number of chemotherapeutic agents have radiosensitizing effects. In western countries, more than 35 trials studying over 1400 @entity1 have been reported. The majority of trials have employed CDDP/ @entity1487 combined with RT to a total dose of 30Gy. Pathological CR rates were from 20 to 40% and median survival terms were from 12 to 29 months. Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy did not change operative morbidity or mortality, and there was a statistically significant increase in survival in complete responders. However, early and median survival seems improved but cure rates are not. Both therapies require further investigation.

title: [Chemotherapy and multimodality therapy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: A @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is the first lymph node to drain a solid @entity5 and likely the first place @entity3 will travel. @entity1600 biopsy has been well established as a staging tool for @entity320 and @entity0 to guide lymph node dissection (LND); its utility in @entity150 is debated. We performed a systematic search of PubMed for both @entity1 and animal studies that looked at @entity1600 detection in cases of @entity150 . We identified a total of nine studies that assessed a variety of imaging techniques to identify SLNs in @entity1 with @entity150 . Eight studies investigated @entity1 @entity1 while one looked at animal ( @entity235 ) models. Seven studies representing 156 @entity1 noted the negative predictive value of the @entity1600 to predict a @entity3 free state was 92% (92/100). The @entity1600 biopsy was less accurate in metastatic @entity1 with a positive predictive value of only 77% (43/56) with a false negative range of in individual studies of 0-19%. Clinically, positive nodes routinely do not take up the pharmaceutical agent for @entity1600 . Therefore, @entity1600 biopsy is a promising concept with a 92% negative predictive value; however, the false negative rates are high which may be improved by standardizing populations and indications. Novel technologies are improving the detection of @entity1600 and may provide the surgeon with an improved ability to detect micrometastasis, guide surgery, and reduce @entity1 morbidity.

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in XXXX : Systematic review and technology update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The nature of inflammatory lymphocytes recruited to the CNS has been studied in a model of @entity32 . Injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum into the cortex of the @entity19 brain produces a circumscribed inflammatory cellular infiltrate around the injection site, and recruited mononuclear inflammatory cells (IC) can be isolated for flow cytometric analysis. The majority of IC were T cells. In comparison with the predominant naive population of mesenteric lymph node T cells, @entity784 cells express much higher levels of @entity3844 , @entity4459 and @entity8024 , and lower levels of CD45RB, features commonly associated with memory (previously activated) cells. In addition, in contrast to the @entity6232 + alpha 6-integrinlow phenotype of naive lymph node T cells, @entity784 cells lacked @entity6232 and were alpha 6-integrin-. @entity3804 , recently proposed as another marker of memory T cell differentiation, was not displayed by @entity784 cells, suggesting that @entity3804 expression may be heterogeneous among memory T cell subsets. A subset of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cells, probably representing activated T cells undergoing the naive to memory transition, but not of @entity784 cells, expressed high levels of alpha 6-, beta 7- and alpha E-integrin. IC and MLN naive T cells expressed comparable levels of alpha 4-integrin, but @entity784 cells stain poorly with anti-beta 7 mAbs and with mAb DATK 32, specific for the alpha 4 beta 7 heterodimeric lymphocyte homing receptor for the mucosal addressin @entity37196 , suggesting that these inflammatory cells express more alpha 4 beta 1 than alpha 4 beta 7. Consistent with this, in in vitro adhesion assays, @entity198 bound better than MLN cells to the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin ligand @entity6580 and the @entity4459 ligand @entity8024 but adhered very poorly to the alpha 4 beta 7 ligand @entity37196 . These findings are consistent with and extend previous immunohistological studies of T cells in @entity19 experimental autoimmune @entity1651 , and demonstrate a distinctive phenotype for lymphocytes being present in the chronically inflamed brain.

title: Lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS during @entity32 display a distinctive phenotype and bind to @entity6580 but not to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity37196 :: (17123(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MAdCAM-1']


abstract: The nature of inflammatory lymphocytes recruited to the CNS has been studied in a model of @entity32 . Injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum into the cortex of the @entity19 brain produces a circumscribed inflammatory cellular infiltrate around the injection site, and recruited mononuclear inflammatory cells (IC) can be isolated for flow cytometric analysis. The majority of IC were T cells. In comparison with the predominant naive population of mesenteric lymph node T cells, @entity784 cells express much higher levels of @entity3844 , @entity4459 and @entity8024 , and lower levels of CD45RB, features commonly associated with memory (previously activated) cells. In addition, in contrast to the @entity6232 + alpha 6-integrinlow phenotype of naive lymph node T cells, @entity784 cells lacked @entity6232 and were alpha 6-integrin-. @entity3804 , recently proposed as another marker of memory T cell differentiation, was not displayed by @entity784 cells, suggesting that @entity3804 expression may be heterogeneous among memory T cell subsets. A subset of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cells, probably representing activated T cells undergoing the naive to memory transition, but not of @entity784 cells, expressed high levels of alpha 6-, beta 7- and alpha E-integrin. IC and MLN naive T cells expressed comparable levels of alpha 4-integrin, but @entity784 cells stain poorly with anti-beta 7 mAbs and with mAb DATK 32, specific for the alpha 4 beta 7 heterodimeric lymphocyte homing receptor for the mucosal addressin @entity37196 , suggesting that these inflammatory cells express more alpha 4 beta 1 than alpha 4 beta 7. Consistent with this, in in vitro adhesion assays, @entity198 bound better than MLN cells to the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin ligand @entity6580 and the @entity4459 ligand @entity8024 but adhered very poorly to the alpha 4 beta 7 ligand @entity37196 . These findings are consistent with and extend previous immunohistological studies of T cells in @entity19 experimental autoimmune @entity1651 , and demonstrate a distinctive phenotype for lymphocytes being present in the chronically inflamed brain.

title: Lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS during XXXX display a distinctive phenotype and bind to @entity6580 but not to @entity37196 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']