abstract: PROBLEM: A successful pregnancy is contingent on maternal tolerance of the immunologically foreign fetus. @entity66 such as @entity1468 arise in part due to an inappropriate immune response by the placenta. A number of molecules have been proposed to temper cellular response to pro-inflammatory mediators, including @entity11707 and @entity56932 . METHODS: Cytotrophoblast cells from healthy term placentas were treated with @entity1254 in vitro and analyzed with qPCR and ELISA-based assays. Immunohistochemistry was performed on term villous sections and cultured trophoblasts. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity1254 increased expression of @entity1356 and @entity687 . Term villi express @entity11707 in cytotrophoblasts and the syncytiotrophoblast, and @entity56932 by the syncytiotrophoblast. Treatment of trophoblast cells with @entity1254 increased @entity56932 expression. CONCLUSION: These data describe a role for @entity1254 in enhancing pro-inflammatory signals in in vitro syncytialized trophoblasts. Additionally, this represents the first time the @entity11707 / @entity56932 pathway has been implicated in a trophoblast response to a pro-inflammatory mediator.

title: The pro-inflammatory role of XXXX at the maternal-fetal interface.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Prevalent diseases']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The approach of the residents of central @entity59857 , @entity233 , to @entity341 in our conservative district is shaped by the effect of the culture. In emergency actions, many traditional approaches are preferred, using herbs and other available materials. Some of these approaches might be directly hazardous and some create danger indirectly as they prolong the treatment period. METHODS: The study was performed using a one-group pretest/posttest design. Data were collected between June 3, 2006, and August 28, 2007. Two thousand sixty mothers completed the sociodemographic pretest and survey and attended the educational program. The final sample included 1754 mothers who completed the sociodemographic and pretest survey, attended the educational program, and completed the posttest survey. The posttest survey was administered 6 months following the educational program. RESULTS: In this study; the percentage of mothers resorting to traditional approaches in the pretest were at burns, 29.0%; lacerations, 21.4%; @entity174 , 25.7%; and @entity4968 , 45.1%; and in the posttest burns, 16.1%; lacerations, 12.7%; @entity174 , 15.6%; and @entity4968 , 34.4%. Mothers with higher educational levels were less likely to use traditional practices and the educational program significantly reduced the prevalence of using traditional practices. The training program had a positive effect in decreasing the incidence of resorting to traditional practices for certain @entity341 . DISCUSSION: It was proven that the application of various harmful traditional practices had been used in first aid cases and that the rate decreased in the post training period. It is interesting to note that an additional 540 mothers who did not complete the pretest and sociodemographic questionnaire also attended the educational program because word of the program had spread throughout the region.

title: The effect of training programs on traditional approaches that mothers use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergencies']


abstract: We present a case of vaginal @entity1608 formation following an initial insult of female genital mutilation (FGM) and crocodile bite to the external genital. A literature review made with regards to acute and late complication of female genital mutilation. Female genital cutting existed as early as the 5th century B.C. This ritualistic practice has affected the physical, mental, and social well being of @entity1 and undermined the basic reproductive and @entity458 of the female population. Worldwide, 85-114 million @entity1 and young @entity1 are subjected to this dreadful practice. It is mostly practiced in Africa and Middle East. Various authors classify female genital cutting differently. The World Health Organization classifies FGM in to FOUR types. Female genital mutilation is associated with immediate, intermediate and long-term complications (1-4). The complications are strongly related to the variant of the mutilation, especially of the third and the fourth types where introcision or vaginal scraping is performed. Vaginal @entity1608 formation is a rare phenomenon. Our @entity1 had a total obliteration of the introitus, vaginal @entity12478 , which were surgically managed and corrected

title: Vaginal XXXX following severe form of female genital mutilation: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['calculus formation and urethra-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health rights']

answer: @entity1608 :: (MESH:D002137,Disease) :: ['calculus']


abstract: The aim of our work was to evaluate the diagnostic and treatment of @entity1 with odontogenic @entity1764 . METHODS: The last 10 years (1991-2001) 13 males and 4 females, mean age 43 years, with odontogenic @entity1764 were submitted to surgical treatment. Primary odontogenic abscess occurred in all. Before admission to our clinic, 14 @entity1 were treated at stomatological department. Diagnosis was made by clinical manifestation, roentgenographical features and confirmed by findings at mediastinum tissues during operation. RESULTS: All @entity1 at the admission day underwent @entity2611 with transcervical mediastinal drainage. In 5 cases this management was associated with mediastinal drainage by transthoracic approach. For another 5 @entity1 thoracotomies were performed late, the last 7 survived without thoracotomy. Six @entity1 died, mortality rate was 35.2%. The reason of the high mortality rate-delay of transthoracic mediastinal drainage in 5 cases, when transcervical was inadequate. CONCLUSION: Ample cervicotomy, associated with transcervical and transthoracic mediastinal drainage can significantly reduce the mortality rate for odontogenic @entity1764 .

title: [Odontogenic XXXX . Diagnostics and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['broad cervicotomies']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of mitral valve surgery in @entity1 with @entity339 and short time outcomes following mitral valve correction combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Thirty one combined coronary artery bypass grafting with mitral valve correction procedures were performed from 1994 to 2002. Mean age was 65.4+/-6 years. 29 pts were in NYHA IV-V functional class. 84% of pts were with impaired left ventricle function. RESULTS: Mitral valve replacement was performed in 16 @entity1 and correction of mitral valve in 15 cases. Mitral valve replacement was performed in cases with significant lesions of the papillary muscles. The mean of 3.05+/-1.8 graft per @entity1 was performed and total coronary revascularisation for 84% of @entity1 . Hospital mortality was 32.2% (10/31). CONCLUSION: In cases of coronary artery bypass grafting for @entity1 with moderate and significant @entity339 after @entity583 , mitral valve correction must be performed.

title: [Myocardial revascularization combined with mitral valve surgery in case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve insufficiency', 'mitral insufficiency']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['ischemic mitral valve insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the level of blood pressure and @entity413 control and treatment in @entity101 @entity6 seen in Primary Care Centres in Spain. DESIGN: Descriptive study conducted on @entity101 @entity6 @entity1 who attended primary care centres for any reason. LOCATION: Primary Care centres throughout Spain. @entity1 : The study included 6,777 @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, blood analysis and treatment were recorded RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 64.40 (11.50) years. Mean blood @entity413 was 141.8 (39) mg/dl, glycosylated haemoglobin was  <=7% in 45.9% of the sample, and blood pressure was under control (BP <=130/80 mmHg) in 9.8% of the @entity1 studied. LDL @entity165 was  <=100mg/dl in 25.3% of the sample. The drugs most used to control @entity6 were; sulphonylureas 2259 @entity1 (33.3%) and @entity37005 3768 @entity1 (55.6%). A total of 556 @entity1 were on treatment with insulin, which represented 8.2% of the population studied. The drugs most used for @entity101 were; diuretics in 3395 @entity1 (50.1%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in 4053 @entity1 (59.8%). CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of @entity101 @entity6 are insufficiently controlled.

title: [Evaluation and control of XXXX @entity6 seen in Primary Care centres in Spain. BRAND II study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity37005 :: ('MESH:D001645', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the level of blood pressure and @entity413 control and treatment in @entity101 @entity6 seen in Primary Care Centres in Spain. DESIGN: Descriptive study conducted on @entity101 @entity6 @entity1 who attended primary care centres for any reason. LOCATION: Primary Care centres throughout Spain. @entity1 : The study included 6,777 @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, blood analysis and treatment were recorded RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 64.40 (11.50) years. Mean blood @entity413 was 141.8 (39) mg/dl, glycosylated haemoglobin was  <=7% in 45.9% of the sample, and blood pressure was under control (BP <=130/80 mmHg) in 9.8% of the @entity1 studied. LDL @entity165 was  <=100mg/dl in 25.3% of the sample. The drugs most used to control @entity6 were; sulphonylureas 2259 @entity1 (33.3%) and @entity37005 3768 @entity1 (55.6%). A total of 556 @entity1 were on treatment with insulin, which represented 8.2% of the population studied. The drugs most used for @entity101 were; diuretics in 3395 @entity1 (50.1%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in 4053 @entity1 (59.8%). CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of @entity101 @entity6 are insufficiently controlled.

title: [Evaluation and control of @entity101 XXXX seen in Primary Care centres in Spain. BRAND II study].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine mechanisms by which extrinsic innervation to the jejunoileum controls ileal motility. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Small bowel transplantation is complicated by @entity294 and delayed @entity356 , possibly secondary to altered motility. @entity1319 after small bowel transplantation is poorly characterized. METHODS: Motor activity was recorded from four @entity235 during fasting and after feeding small (64 Kcal) or large (256 Kcal) meals. Short-chain @entity1718 known to induce unique ileal motor patterns were administered into the distal ileum during fasting. @entity235 were studied before and after jejunoileal denervation simulating autotransplantation. RESULTS: After jejunoileal denervation, the ileal migrating motor complex (MMC) persisted but was no longer temporally coordinated with duodenal MMCs. Spontaneous giant migrating @entity2472 occurred more frequently after denervation and more commonly originated proximally in the jejunum, but the velocity of migration did not differ. In contrast, the incidence and characteristics of spontaneous discrete clustered @entity2472 (DCCs) did not differ. @entity22780 reproducibly initiated giant migrating @entity2472 and discrete clustered @entity2472 in the distal ileum without differences before and after denervation. Large but not small meals inhibited the ileal MMC after denervation. CONCLUSIONS: Extrinsic innervation and/or intrinsic neural continuity with the duodenum and/or colon control temporal coordination of ileal motility with the duodenum and modulate postprandial inhibition of fasting motility and presence of giant migrating @entity2472 . These changes in motility patterns may prove important in mediating @entity409 after small bowel transplantation.

title: XXXX ileal motor activity after a model of jejunoileal autotransplantation.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['enteric dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity22780 :: ('MESH:D005232', 'Chemical') :: ['Short-chain fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Ileal motility']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contractions']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess predictors of sexual function in mid-aged @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed data of 262 healthy sexually active @entity1 (40-59 years) who filled out the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI), the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) and a general questionnaire containing female/partner data. Correlations between these two measures were also analyzed. RESULTS: Significant inverse correlations were found between all FSFI and @entity1168 scores. This was most evident for the @entity1168 urogenital score in relation to FSFI total, @entity158 and lubrication scores. Multiple linear regression analysis determined best model predicting total FSFI index scores that explained a 66% of the variance. In this model, @entity1168 urogenital score was an important predictor of female sexual function (total FSFI scores) with a significant inverse relation. Additionally total FSFI scores displayed a significant positive correlation with female educational level and HT use and an inverse relation with partner age and female parity. CONCLUSION: Several female/partner factors predicted female sexual function in this mid-aged series. @entity1168 urogenital scores significantly correlated with total FSFI scores.

title: Assessing predictors of sexual function in mid-aged sexually active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'Menopause Rating Scale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical efficacy and safety of ertapenem, a novel beta-lactam agent with wide activity against common pathogens encountered in @entity1320 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Ertapenem has a pharmacokinetic profile and antimicrobial spectrum that support the potential for use as a once-a-day agent for the treatment of common mixed aerobic and anaerobic @entity281 . METHODS This prospective, randomized, controlled, and double-blind trial was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of ertapenem with piperacillin/tazobactam as therapy following adequate surgical management of complicated @entity1320 . RESULTS: Six hundred thirty-three @entity1 were included in the modified intent-to-treat population, with 396 meeting all criteria for the evaluable population. @entity1 with a wide range of @entity281 were enrolled; perforated or @entity698 was most common (approximately 60% in microbiologically evaluable population). A prospective, expert panel review was conducted to assess the adequacy of surgical source control in @entity1 who were failures as a component of evaluability. For the modified intent-to-treat groups, 245 of 311 @entity1 treated with ertapenem (79.3%) were cured, as were 232 of 304 (76.2) treated with piperacillin/tazobactam. One hundred seventy-six of 203 microbiologically evaluable @entity1 treated with ertapenem (86.7%) were cured, as were 157 of the 193 (81.2%) treated with piperacillin/tazobactam. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the efficacy of ertapenem 1 g once a day was equivalent to piperacillin/tazobactam 3.375 g every 6 hours in the treatment of a range of @entity1320 . Ertapenem was generally well tolerated and had a similar safety and tolerability profile to piperacillin/tazobactam. A formal process for review of adequacy of source control was found to be of benefit. The results of this trial suggest that ertapenem may be a useful option that could eliminate the need for combination and/or multidosed antibiotic regimens for the empiric treatment of @entity1320 .

title: Ertapenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of complicated XXXX : results of a double-blind, randomized comparative phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections', 'intraabdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['abscessed appendicitis']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intraabdominal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Establishing a new continuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is the mainstay of repair for persistent truncus arteriosus. We used the @entity69577 Viet-Neveux technique without a Lecomte maneuver to construct the connection without a conduit. Here, we retrospectively review the mid-term surgical results to examine the effectiveness of this approach. METHODS: A cylindrical segment incorporating both pulmonary artery branches was sleeve-resected from the truncal artery. The cylindrical segment was cut in the middle and two truncal arterial flaps were combined to form the posterior floor of the new pulmonary arterial trunk. The edge of the floor was attached directly to the superior margin of an oblique incision made in the left-anterior wall of the right ventricle. A @entity736 monocusp was attached to the lower half margin of the right ventricular incision. A large @entity3584 -treated pericardial patch was used to form the anterior hood of the new right ventricular outflow tract. Both great arteries were located in a normal spiral configuration. RESULTS: Ten babies (range: 3 days to 9 months of age) underwent this procedure. The Collett-Edwards classification of persistent truncus arteriosus was type I in five cases and type II in five others. There was one @entity204 due to severe @entity649 . During follow-up (36-60 months, median 54 months), only one re-operation was required to enlarge a left @entity849 . Follow-up echocardiography showed @entity338 (mild two, moderate seven, and severe one) and mild flow acceleration in the @entity358 branch and right ventricle-pulmonary artery connection in one case. CONCLUSION: This simple modification for surgical correction of persistent truncus arteriosus may be an effective alternative that overcomes conduit-related problems.

title: Repair of persistent truncus arteriosus without a conduit: sleeve resection of the pulmonary trunk from the aorta and direct right XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['branch pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['ventricle-pulmonary artery anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Breathing motion can create large errors when performing magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry of the breast. Breath holds can be used to minimize these errors, but not eliminate them. Between breath holds, the referenceless method can be used to further reduce errors by relying on regions of nonheated fatty tissue surrounding the heated region. When the surrounding tissue is heated (i.e., for a @entity221 treatment), errors can result due to phase changes of the small amounts of water in the tissue. Therefore, an extension of the referenceless method is proposed which fits for the field in fatty tissue independent of temperature change and extrapolates it to the water-rich regions. METHODS: Nonheating experiments were performed with male volunteers performing breath holds on top of a phantom mimicking a breast with a @entity5 . Heating experiments were also conducted with the same phantom while mechanically simulated breath holds were performed. A nonheating experiment was also performed with a healthy female breast. For each experiment, a nonlinear fitting algorithm was used to fit for temperature change and B0 field inside of the fatty tissue. The field changes were then extrapolated into water-rich ( @entity5 ) portions of the image using a least-squares fit to a fifth-order equation, to correct for field changes due to breath hold changes. Similar results were calculated using the image phase, to mimic the use of the referenceless method. RESULTS: Phantom results showed large reduction of mean error and standard deviation. In the non-heating experiments, the traditional referenceless method and our extended method both corrected by similar amounts. However, in the heating experiments, the average deviation of the temperature calculated with the extended method from a fiber optic probe temperature was approximately 50% less than the deviation with the referenceless method. The in vivo breast results demonstrated @entity146 and mean. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, we have developed an extension of the referenceless method to correct for breathing errors using multiecho fitting methods to fit for the B0 field in the fatty tissue and using measured field changes as references to extrapolate field corrections into a water-only ( @entity5 ) region. This technique has been validated in a number of situations, and in all cases, the correction method has been shown to greatly reduce temperature error in water-rich regions. The method has also been shown to be an improvement over similar methods that use image phase changes instead of field changes, particularly when temperature changes are induced.

title: Correction of breathing-induced errors in magnetic resonance thermometry of XXXX using multiecho field fitting techniques.

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced standard deviation']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this systematic review is to assess whether antibacterial agents are more effective than either placebo or no intervention at all in the treatment of acute bacterial @entity1244 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the databases and search engines: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in children comparing antibiotics versus placebo. @entity1244 was considered as the persistence of clinically compatible symptoms for at least 10 days. The methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Four RCTs were selected. We studied the following variables: cure, clinical improvement (on days 10 to 14), relapse-recurrence (from day 14 to day 60) and presence of adverse effects. The results were combined using meta-analysis. We used the fixed effects model or random model depending on whether or not there was heterogeneity. We estimated the combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Only two RCTs had a Jadad scale score >= 3. Variable cure-improvement (4 RCTs): RR 1.11 (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.3). Variable relapse-recurrence (3 RCTs): RR 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.5). Adverse effects (4 RCTs): 2.01 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.8). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with acute @entity1244 , antibacterial agents at the studied doses did not appear to provide benefit in terms of cure and improvement, assessed at 10 to 14 days of follow up. Similarly, the percentage of relapse-recurrence was not lower among @entity1 who received antibiotics. Antibiotics are associated more frequently with adverse effects.

title: [The role of antibiotics in acute XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'children']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: A 72-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of right upper-quadrant @entity490 , blood in his stool, and symptoms of @entity417 . On physical examination a hard mass, about 6 cm in diameter, was palpable in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Computed tomography revealed a @entity1086 which had invaded the transverse colon, with liver @entity3 . We diagnosed @entity1086 , stage IVB. Colonoscopy was performed for persistent blood in the stools. This revealed an elevated lesion which appeared to be an invasion of @entity1086 , with @entity548 from the right-side of the transverse colon. It proved difficult to stop this @entity548 by ordinary therapeutic endoscopy. In order to achieve hemostasis we therefore inserted a covered Ultraflex metallic stent to compress the @entity5 . After stent placement, blood was no longer seen in the @entity1 's stools, he became able to eat soft food and was discharged. This treatment was uninvasive and effective. Covered stent placement appears to be a new and useful method in the management of @entity548 from malignant @entity1820 .

title: Covered expandable metallic stent placement for hemostasis of colonic bleeding caused by invasion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'diffuse bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity11253 are among the commonest forms of @entity130 . There are three divisions, namely, @entity174 , soft tissue @entity130 , and @entity130 . Etiologies include motor @entity64 , assaults, falls, and sporting @entity130 . The aim of this study was to determine the profiles including the causes of @entity11253 seen in an urban government hospital in the mainland of Penang State, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that recruited cases reported within a period of 1 year. The source population was @entity11253 @entity1 presenting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of an urban hospital in the Penang Mainland, North Malaysia between May 2007 and May 2008. Cases of @entity1 involved in accidents that occurred outside the reference vicinity were excluded. A case report form was developed and completed by the attending clinicians. Data were analyzed using spss version 12.0. RESULTS: A total of 194 cases were studied, with the mean @entity1 age being 27.8 (SD 15.20) years. The majority of @entity1 were Malay @entity1 between 20 and 29 years of age. The main cause of injury was motorcycle accident (53.6%). The commonest injury (in isolation/combination with other @entity130 ) involved the soft tissues (87.2%), dentoalveolar region (33.4%), and facial bones (23.9%). Laceration was the commonest soft tissue injury, and crown @entity174 was the most frequent @entity130 . The facial bone that was most highly involved in the injury was the zygoma. Subjects involved in motorcycle accidents had a significantly higher incidence of sustaining @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Motorcycle accidents were the commonest cause of @entity11253 in the Penang Mainland, Malaysia. Most @entity1 were young @entity1 . Hence, it is prudent to reinforce appropriate road safety and awareness interventions particularly focusing young male motorcyclists so as to reduce the risk of accidents.

title: Motorcycle accident is the main cause of XXXX in the Penang Mainland, Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['Maxillofacial injuries', 'maxillofacial injury', 'maxillofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['vehicle accidents']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'facial bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dentoalveolar injury', 'dentoalveolar injuries', 'injuries', 'body injuries']

answer: @entity11253 :: (MESH:D008446,Disease) :: ['maxillofacial injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have so far compared the use of different local anesthetic agents in septoplasty procedure with regard to reduction in @entity158 , effectiveness, and related complications. The aim of this study was to compare @entity21456 and @entity3303 as local anesthetics for septoplasty surgery, in terms of their efficacy and safety. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 randomized into two groups were included in this study. For local anesthesia, 35 @entity1 received @entity21456 and 35 received @entity3303 . All @entity1 were asked to rate their @entity158 levels on a visual analog scale (VAS) at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 18th, and 24th postoperative hours. In addition, analgesic consumption of each @entity1 as well as @entity260 was recorded in both groups. RESULTS: VAS scores for @entity158 were significantly lower in the @entity21456 group than in the @entity3303 group at the 2nd, 6th, 8th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours (p< 0.05). Comparison of the @entity1 ' usage of analgesics during the first 24 hours postoperatively showed that in the @entity21456 group, the percentage of @entity1 that had not used analgesics was 58.5%, and in the @entity3303 group the corresponding figure was 41.5%. CONCLUSION: @entity21456 is a safe local anesthetic agent with rapid onset of action. When compared with @entity3303 , it is associated with improved tissue diffusion, rare @entity260 , and less @entity282 , thus, representing a safe and effective local anesthetic agent for septoplasty procedure.

title: Comparison of local anesthesia with @entity21456 and XXXX in septoplasty procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity21456 :: ('MESH:D002355', 'Chemical') :: ['articaine', 'Articaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have so far compared the use of different local anesthetic agents in septoplasty procedure with regard to reduction in @entity158 , effectiveness, and related complications. The aim of this study was to compare @entity21456 and @entity3303 as local anesthetics for septoplasty surgery, in terms of their efficacy and safety. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 randomized into two groups were included in this study. For local anesthesia, 35 @entity1 received @entity21456 and 35 received @entity3303 . All @entity1 were asked to rate their @entity158 levels on a visual analog scale (VAS) at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 18th, and 24th postoperative hours. In addition, analgesic consumption of each @entity1 as well as @entity260 was recorded in both groups. RESULTS: VAS scores for @entity158 were significantly lower in the @entity21456 group than in the @entity3303 group at the 2nd, 6th, 8th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours (p< 0.05). Comparison of the @entity1 ' usage of analgesics during the first 24 hours postoperatively showed that in the @entity21456 group, the percentage of @entity1 that had not used analgesics was 58.5%, and in the @entity3303 group the corresponding figure was 41.5%. CONCLUSION: @entity21456 is a safe local anesthetic agent with rapid onset of action. When compared with @entity3303 , it is associated with improved tissue diffusion, rare @entity260 , and less @entity282 , thus, representing a safe and effective local anesthetic agent for septoplasty procedure.

title: Comparison of local anesthesia with XXXX and @entity3303 in septoplasty procedure.

answer: @entity21456 :: (MESH:D002355,Chemical) :: ['articaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of single-dose intravitreal bevacizumab followed by panretinal and macular grid laser, early in the course of central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: It is a prospective, non-randomized, interventional study of nine eyes of nine @entity1 with <10 days origin of CRVO who received 2.5 mg (0.1 ml) intravitreal bevacizumab, followed 3 weeks later by panretinal and macular grid photocoagulation. Its effect on visual acuity and anatomical features of CRVO were studied. RESULTS: Nine eyes of nine @entity1 (male : female = 8 : 1, mean age 54 years), with <10 days (average 2.67 days) onset of CRVO, received intravitreal bevacizumab within 7 days of presentation (average 3.1 days) followed 3 weeks later by panretinal with macular grid laser. Presenting mean baseline visual acuity was 20/320 (1.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LOGMAR) units). All the @entity1 showed rapid improvement in the form of rapid clearance of @entity5861 , decreased @entity4 and @entity384 , and tortuosity. Mean final visual acuity was 20/63 (0.5 LOGMAR units). No @entity1 showed conversion from non-ischemic to ischaemic CRVO, recurrence of @entity1103 , and disc collateral formation. CONCLUSION: Early intravitreal bevacizumab followed by panretinal and macular grid laser may provide visually and anatomically favourable results in a case of CRVO. It may also obviate the need for repeated injection. It requires a large randomized study to substantiate the results.

title: Long-term effect of early intervention with single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab followed by panretinal and macular grid photocoagulation in central @entity2994 (CRVO) with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc swelling']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['venous dilation']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhages']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of single-dose intravitreal bevacizumab followed by panretinal and macular grid laser, early in the course of central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: It is a prospective, non-randomized, interventional study of nine eyes of nine @entity1 with <10 days origin of CRVO who received 2.5 mg (0.1 ml) intravitreal bevacizumab, followed 3 weeks later by panretinal and macular grid photocoagulation. Its effect on visual acuity and anatomical features of CRVO were studied. RESULTS: Nine eyes of nine @entity1 (male : female = 8 : 1, mean age 54 years), with <10 days (average 2.67 days) onset of CRVO, received intravitreal bevacizumab within 7 days of presentation (average 3.1 days) followed 3 weeks later by panretinal with macular grid laser. Presenting mean baseline visual acuity was 20/320 (1.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LOGMAR) units). All the @entity1 showed rapid improvement in the form of rapid clearance of @entity5861 , decreased @entity4 and @entity384 , and tortuosity. Mean final visual acuity was 20/63 (0.5 LOGMAR units). No @entity1 showed conversion from non-ischemic to ischaemic CRVO, recurrence of @entity1103 , and disc collateral formation. CONCLUSION: Early intravitreal bevacizumab followed by panretinal and macular grid laser may provide visually and anatomically favourable results in a case of CRVO. It may also obviate the need for repeated injection. It requires a large randomized study to substantiate the results.

title: Long-term effect of early intervention with single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab followed by panretinal and macular grid photocoagulation in central XXXX (CRVO) with @entity1103 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) refractory to medical and surgical therapy is a challenging entity to treat. Topical antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs have been increasingly used in managing this disorder. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the role of @entity1177 ( @entity1177 ) in selectively irrigating paranasal sinuses with topical antibiotics with anti-inflammatory in treating recalcitrant @entity102 . A prospective clinical trial was performed at a tertiary referral center. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with failed maximal medical and surgical therapies for chronic @entity1244 were enrolled in the study. Endoscopic scores as well as the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 16 (SNOT-16) scores were obtained before and 3, 8, and 16 weeks after maxillary sinus intubation with @entity1177 . All @entity1 received topical antibiotics with anti-inflammatory medication for 21 days. RESULTS: Statistically significant reductions in SNOT-16 and endoscopic scores were found before and after topical irrigations. Both scores continued to improve at the 8th and 16th weeks. CONCLUSION: Selective irrigation of maxillary sinuses using @entity1177 is a viable alternative in treating recalcitrant @entity102 .

title: Selective irrigation of paranasal sinuses in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['MAST', 'maxillary sinus antrostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: Isolated @entity35 neural lobes were stimulated electrically and the release of @entity1951 and @entity398 was measured by radioimmunoassay. The neurohypophyses were stimulated with pulses given at a constant frequency or with a pulse pattern imitating the electrical activity, recorded in vivo, of @entity1951 - or @entity398 -containing magnocellular neurones. A single burst recorded from a ' @entity1951 ' cell with an intraburst mean frequency of 13 Hz evoked more @entity1951 release than the same number of stimuli delivered at a constant frequency of 13 Hz. The amount of @entity1951 release per pulse was much higher at the beginning than at the end of the burst. Series of bursts given with interburst silent periods released more hormone than bursts delivered without silent periods. The amount of hormone released by four ' @entity1951 ' bursts was significantly larger with silent periods of 21 s than with shorter intervals. Four pulses were much more effective in promoting hormone release when given with 60 ms interspike intervals at the beginning of each second than when delivered at a constant frequency of 4 Hz. Prolonged stimulation with ' @entity1951 ' bursts had a greater effect in inducing hormone release than the same number of pulses given in burst delivered at a constant frequency of 13 Hz. After an initial increase the rate of @entity1951 release declined rapidly whereas @entity398 release remained elevated for the first 20 min and only then decreased. The release of both @entity1951 and @entity398 remained, however, above the release from unstimulated neurohypophyses. 45Ca uptake in the neural lobe was larger when the neurohypophyses were stimulated with @entity1951 or @entity398 bursts delivered with silent intervals than when the silent periods were omitted, or when the tissue was stimulated with bursts with the same number of pulses but given at a constant frequency of 13 Hz. In conclusion, it is suggested that the interspike intervals in a burst and the silent intervals between bursts are two important determinants of the effectiveness of the burst pattern in promoting neuropeptide release.

title: The role of patterned burst and interburst interval on the excitation-coupling mechanism in the isolated XXXX neural lobe.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Social functioning (SF) is the ultimate target aimed in treatment plans in @entity161 , thus it is critical to know what are the factors that determine SF. Gender is a well-established variable influencing SF, yet it is not known how social variables and symptoms interact in @entity161 @entity1 . Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the interaction between social variables and symptoms is different in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Our aim is to test whether social variables are better predictors of SF in community-dwelled individuals with @entity161 , and whether @entity1 and @entity1 differ in how symptoms and social variables interact to impact SF. @entity497 individuals with @entity161 (N = 231) were randomly selected from a register. @entity1 were assessed with symptom measures (PANSS), performance-based social scale (LSP), objective social and demographic variables. Stratification by gender and stepwise multivariate regression analyses by gender were used to find the best-fitting models that predict SF in both gender. @entity1 had poorer SF than @entity1 in spite of showing similar symptom scores. On stepwise regression analyses, gender was the main variable explaining SF, with a significant contribution by disorganized and excitatory symptoms. Age of onset made a less marked, yet significant, contribution to explain SF. When the sample was stratified by gender, disorganized symptoms and 'Income' variable entered the model and accounted for a 30.8% of the SF variance in @entity1 . On the other hand, positive and disorganized symptoms entered the model and accounted for a 36.1% of the SF variance in @entity1 . @entity497 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity161 differ in the constellation of variables associated with SF. Symptom scores still account for most of the variance in SF in both genders.

title: Complex interaction between symptoms, social factors, and gender in social functioning in a community-dwelling sample of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-dwelling']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pityriasis versicolor ( @entity14937 ) is a chronic @entity3217 caused by @entity375 of the Malassezia spp. genus commensal of the keratinized layers of the skin. Under conditions not yet understood, it becomes pathogenic determining the clinical manifestations of the disease. It is a recurrent @entity272 and persistent @entity4182 may remain after treatment, causing social problems to those affected. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity14937 treated at a referral center for dermatology (Alfredo da Matta Foundation). METHODS: Case-studies in which cutaneous manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity14937 treated at Alfredo da Matta Foundation were detailed. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen @entity1 were included in the study from January to August 2008. Most subjects were male, of mixed ethnicity and young age. Most were students who were predisposed to the development of macules. The majority had extensive injuries and past history of the disease. CONCLUSION: The results revealed a high proportion of individuals with extensive clinical manifestations and duration of the disease.

title: Clinical aspects of XXXX with pityriasis versicolor seen at a referral center for tropical dermatology in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['superficial mycosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['tinea versicolor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The value of transthoracic sonography in @entity401 is not established. This prospective study was conducted to analyze pleural and parenchymal alterations in @entity1 with @entity401 by transthoracic sonography and to compare the results with the findings of a control group. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity401 and 35 control subjects underwent transthoracic sonography for assessment of (1) basal @entity1143 , (2) the presence and number of comet tail artifacts, (3) thickening, (4) an irregular, fragmented pleural line, and (5) @entity2342 . RESULTS: Basal @entity1143 was revealed in 37.7% of the @entity1 with @entity401 (0% of the control subjects; P < .001), and 98.1% had multiple (>6 per scan) comet tail artifacts (14.3% of the control subjects; P < .001). Only a few artifacts (< or = 6 per scan; P < .001) were shown in 85.7% of the control subjects. All the control subjects had strongly localized comet tail artifacts and no thickened pleural line (84.9% of @entity1 ; P < .001). In 98.1 % of the @entity1 , an irregular, fragmented pleural surface could be detected (82.8% of the control subjects; P < .05). Subpleural alterations were found in 37.7% of the @entity1 and in 8.6% of the control subjects (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity401 should be considered if multiple comet tail artifacts distributed over the whole surface of the lung together with a thickened and irregular, fragmented pleural line are visible. Transthoracic sonography may reflect the distribution of pleural involvement and may show @entity2342 .

title: Transthoracic sonography of XXXX : the role of comet tail artifacts.

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse parenchymal lung disease', 'Diffuse parenchymal lung disease']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['subpleural alterations']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['diffuse parenchymal lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the complications of diagnostic and therapeutic sonographically guided interventional procedures of focal @entity409 observed during a 22-year period in a single center. METHODS: Complications of sonographically guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on focal @entity409 , observed during a 22-year period in a single center, were reviewed. From 1979 to 2001, 13,222 @entity1 (age range, 7-89 years; mean, 59 years; 8,688 male and 4,534 female) with 13,777 focal @entity409 underwent 16,648 sonographically guided biopsies and 3,035 therapeutic procedures: pyogenic and amebic abscess aspiration, @entity1068 injection of hydatid liver cysts, and percutaneous ablative treatments ( @entity1068 injection in either multiple or one-shot sessions, radio frequency ablation, and interstitial laser photocoagulation) of primary and secondary @entity96 . RESULTS: The overall mortality was 0.06%. No @entity204 or major complication occurred after diagnostic procedures and @entity5572 . In the therapeutic group mortality was 0.6%: 1 @entity1 died of anaphylactic shock during treatment of a hydatid cyst; 7 @entity1 died after @entity96 ablation with @entity1068 injection (6 after one-shot treatments and 1 after multisession treatments). Major complications after @entity96 ablative procedures included 10 cases of @entity879 , 2 cases of @entity4295 , 2 cases of self-limiting hemoperitoneum, 2 cases of paralytic ileum, 2 abscesses, and 1 case of @entity255 . One case of a @entity3116 and 1 case of intracystic @entity548 occurred after treatment of hydatid liver cysts. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided diagnostic biopsy of focal @entity409 and @entity5572 are safe procedures. In contrast, @entity96 ablation procedures have a low but definite risk of mortality and major complications. Puncture of hydatid cysts must be performed only in institutions that can treat anaphylactic shock.

title: Complications after interventional sonography of focal XXXX : a 22-year single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess drainage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor', 'liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cyst fistula']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: @entity8 has been classified as a @entity8 . The presence of glomerular pathologic findings attributable to @entity2741 has been observed in only a few @entity1 and therefore has been considered an unusual finding. In the current study, @entity460 deposition within glomeruli was investigated in 2 @entity1 with extreme elevations in serum @entity460 levels and @entity8 . The study material consisted of a renal biopsy specimen from a 31-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 1) who had @entity6494 and a serum @entity460 level of 20.2 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L) and autopsy kidney specimens from a 19-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 2) who was being evaluated for @entity459 and a @entity460 level of 18.4 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L). The renal biopsy specimen for @entity1 1 exhibited @entity460 deposits present in the glomerular capillary basement membranes, where they were associated with @entity1347 (21% of glomeruli). Nine percent of the cortical tubules contained calcifications. In @entity1 2, @entity460 was found in the mesangial areas in 95% of glomeruli, filling the Bowman space in 7% of glomeruli, or associated with capillary basement membranes and @entity1347 (12% of glomeruli). Fifteen percent of cortical tubules, 4% of outer medullary tubules, and 40% of inner medullary tubules were calcified. In neither case was there immunofluorescence or electron microscopic evidence of primary @entity8 . Thus, glomerular calcification may exceed that occurring in the cortical and outer medullary tubules and may play a significant role in the loss of renal function in @entity8 . @entity8 may also be recognized as an additional cause of @entity17145 and @entity1985 range @entity644 in @entity1 with extremely high levels of serum @entity460 .

title: XXXX in @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemic nephropathy', 'hypercalcemic nephropathy', 'glomerular disease', 'Glomerular calcinosis', 'tubulointerstitial renal disease']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental sclerosing lesions']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma/leukemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity17145 :: ('MESH:C538457', 'Disease') :: ['segmental glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Glomerular calcification']


abstract: @entity8 has been classified as a @entity8 . The presence of glomerular pathologic findings attributable to @entity2741 has been observed in only a few @entity1 and therefore has been considered an unusual finding. In the current study, @entity460 deposition within glomeruli was investigated in 2 @entity1 with extreme elevations in serum @entity460 levels and @entity8 . The study material consisted of a renal biopsy specimen from a 31-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 1) who had @entity6494 and a serum @entity460 level of 20.2 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L) and autopsy kidney specimens from a 19-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 2) who was being evaluated for @entity459 and a @entity460 level of 18.4 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L). The renal biopsy specimen for @entity1 1 exhibited @entity460 deposits present in the glomerular capillary basement membranes, where they were associated with @entity1347 (21% of glomeruli). Nine percent of the cortical tubules contained calcifications. In @entity1 2, @entity460 was found in the mesangial areas in 95% of glomeruli, filling the Bowman space in 7% of glomeruli, or associated with capillary basement membranes and @entity1347 (12% of glomeruli). Fifteen percent of cortical tubules, 4% of outer medullary tubules, and 40% of inner medullary tubules were calcified. In neither case was there immunofluorescence or electron microscopic evidence of primary @entity8 . Thus, glomerular calcification may exceed that occurring in the cortical and outer medullary tubules and may play a significant role in the loss of renal function in @entity8 . @entity8 may also be recognized as an additional cause of @entity17145 and @entity1985 range @entity644 in @entity1 with extremely high levels of serum @entity460 .

title: @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemic nephropathy']


abstract: Sixty male and female @entity1 , scheduled for colonoscopy were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg @entity1875 ('Diprivan') and maintained with a continuous infusion of @entity1875 at a rate of 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg/h randomly allocated. @entity1 lost consciousness within 60.6 +/- 18.7 (s.d.) s. Preservation of the hypnotic effect was infusion-rate dependent as 15, 40 and 85% of the @entity1 were unconscious on infusion rates of 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg/h @entity1875 , respectively. A high degree of sedation was observed in the remaining @entity1 with an incidence of 40, 35 and 0% in the different series. Sedation was light in the remainder of the @entity1 . To increase the acceptability of the procedure, a supplemental bolus of @entity1875 and/or an increase in the infusion rate were required in 40, 15 and 10% of the 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg/h infusion rate groups, respectively. The incidence of @entity2730 was similar in all three groups (80, 90 and 95%, respectively). Recovery was significantly longer with increasing infusion rate, but remained rapid. The longest time was 7.3 +/- 4.0 min to open eyes on command and 10.6 +/- 4.6 min to answer correctly. The most important side effects were @entity158 on injection (50%) and some restlessness during maintenance (25%). Blood pressure decreased, but heart rate was unaffected. @entity1 breathed room-air spontaneously. Respiratory rate slowed after induction then increased rapidly above baseline values. The incidence of apnoea was 48% with a mean duration of 51 +/- 22s (s.d.). The technique was evaluated as good or adequate in 95% of the cases. We suggest than an analgesic premedication followed by an average of 6 mg/kg/h @entity1875 by infusion might be a simple and convenient method of achieving good conditions for colonoscopy.

title: Infusion of XXXX ('Diprivan') as sedative technique for colonoscopies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: A/J @entity19 immunized with @entity59752 coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin produce antibodies expressing a cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA). The pretreatment of A/J mice with anti-idiotypic polyclonal or monoclonal antibody directed against the major cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA) borne by @entity59752 -specific antibody can lead to idiotypic suppression. In this study, we investigate this idiotypic suppression by using four mAb2 ( @entity72323 ) recognizing distinct idiotopes whose expression is related to the presence of particular gene segments of the heavy chain V region. 2D3 expression has been related to the presence of some @entity535 in the @entity72324 region of the VH gene segment derived from the germ line VH IdCR11. So far, the latter is the only germ-line gene coding for CRIA+ antibody that has been identified in the A/J genome. E4 and H8 expression has been related to the use of a particular D segment, whereas E3 expression has been attributed to certain combinations of D and @entity12808 segments. Therefore, we might expect independent regulation of the expression of those various idiotopes in relation to the mechanism of gene recombination. Indeed, we observed that 2D3-suppressed A/J @entity19 still produce the three other idiotopes, suggesting the recombination of those particular D and J segments with a different VH gene. Such a gene has been identified in the genome of BALB/c @entity19 . A/J @entity19 pretreated with one of the other three mAb2 are generally cosuppressed for the expression of E4, H8, and E3, but they still produce 2D3+ antibody. In this case, the IdCR11 VH germ-line gene is most probably recombined with different D and J segments. Molecular evidence for the existence of such molecules has also been presented in the literature. So our serologic data on idiotopic suppression in the @entity17118 system can be compared with recent data provided by molecular genetics.

title: Study of idiotopic suppression induced by anti-cross-reactive idiotype monoclonal antibody in the anti- XXXX antibody response.

entities_list: @entity59752 :: ('CHEBI:53554', 'Chemical') :: ['p-azophenylarsonate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity59752 :: (CHEBI:53554,Chemical) :: ['p-azophenylarsonate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between intention to lose weight, actual @entity353 , and all-cause mortality among overweight individuals with @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a prospective analysis among 1,401 overweight @entity6 adults aged > or =35 years sampled in the National Health Interview Survey. The previous year intention to lose weight and weight change were assessed by self-report. Nine-year mortality rates were examined according to intent to lose weight and @entity353 , which were adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, initial body weight, and @entity2412 . RESULTS: Individuals trying to lose weight had a 23% lower mortality rate (hazard rate ratio [HRR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.99) than those who reported not trying to lose weight. This association was as strong for those who failed to lose weight (0.72, 0.55-0.96) as for those who succeeded in losing weight (0.83, 0.63-1.08). Trying to lose weight was beneficial for overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) individuals (0.62, 0.46-0.83) but not for @entity28 (BMI>30) individuals (1.17, 0.72-1.92). Overall @entity353 , without regard to intent, was associated with an increase of 22% (1.22, 0.99-1.50) in the mortality rate. This increase was largely explained by unintentional @entity353 , which was associated with a 58% (1.58, 1.08-2.31) higher mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight @entity6 adults trying to lose weight have a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, independent of whether they lose weight. Actual @entity353 is associated with increased mortality only if the @entity353 is unintentional.

title: Trying to lose weight, losing weight, and 9-year mortality in overweight U.S. adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: This paper reports the incidence and natural history of macroscopic @entity3621 in a series of 127 consecutive @entity1 with portal @entity101 of various aetiologies. @entity3621 was observed endoscopically in 65 @entity1 (51%) and was of two main types. Twenty eight @entity1 had severe or persistent @entity3621 which caused clinically significant @entity548 on 80 occasions and accounted for 25% of the bleeds from all sources. The remainder had mild @entity3621 . The presence of @entity3621 seemed to be independent of the severity of @entity409 or the degree of rise of wedged hepatic venous pressure and there was no difference in age, sex, or drugs prescribed in @entity1 with or without @entity3621 . The mean follow up period and the mean number of sclerotherapy treatments was significantly greater (p less than 0.005) in @entity1 with @entity3621 . Full thickness gastric biopsies in seven surgical @entity1 and 11 autopsy specimens showed @entity384 . Endoscopic biopsies in 14 @entity1 showed @entity455 in the mucosal layer which was in excess of the degree of inflammatory infiltrate. @entity3621 occurred in @entity1 with portal @entity101 of all common aetiologies and the clinical and pathological evidence supports the contention that it reflects a congested gastric mucosa and should be renamed @entity384 . As injection sclerotherapy improves survival from variceal @entity548 @entity384 may become more common. The response to conventional ('anti-erosive') therapy is poor and measures aimed at reducing the gastric portal pressure may be the only effective means of treating this condition.

title: Gastric lesions in portal @entity101 : inflammatory XXXX or @entity384 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ectasia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated and tortuous submucosal veins', 'congestive gastropathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis', 'Gastritis']

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['gastritis']


abstract: This paper reports the incidence and natural history of macroscopic @entity3621 in a series of 127 consecutive @entity1 with portal @entity101 of various aetiologies. @entity3621 was observed endoscopically in 65 @entity1 (51%) and was of two main types. Twenty eight @entity1 had severe or persistent @entity3621 which caused clinically significant @entity548 on 80 occasions and accounted for 25% of the bleeds from all sources. The remainder had mild @entity3621 . The presence of @entity3621 seemed to be independent of the severity of @entity409 or the degree of rise of wedged hepatic venous pressure and there was no difference in age, sex, or drugs prescribed in @entity1 with or without @entity3621 . The mean follow up period and the mean number of sclerotherapy treatments was significantly greater (p less than 0.005) in @entity1 with @entity3621 . Full thickness gastric biopsies in seven surgical @entity1 and 11 autopsy specimens showed @entity384 . Endoscopic biopsies in 14 @entity1 showed @entity455 in the mucosal layer which was in excess of the degree of inflammatory infiltrate. @entity3621 occurred in @entity1 with portal @entity101 of all common aetiologies and the clinical and pathological evidence supports the contention that it reflects a congested gastric mucosa and should be renamed @entity384 . As injection sclerotherapy improves survival from variceal @entity548 @entity384 may become more common. The response to conventional ('anti-erosive') therapy is poor and measures aimed at reducing the gastric portal pressure may be the only effective means of treating this condition.

title: Gastric lesions in portal XXXX : inflammatory @entity3621 or @entity384 ?

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: This paper reports the incidence and natural history of macroscopic @entity3621 in a series of 127 consecutive @entity1 with portal @entity101 of various aetiologies. @entity3621 was observed endoscopically in 65 @entity1 (51%) and was of two main types. Twenty eight @entity1 had severe or persistent @entity3621 which caused clinically significant @entity548 on 80 occasions and accounted for 25% of the bleeds from all sources. The remainder had mild @entity3621 . The presence of @entity3621 seemed to be independent of the severity of @entity409 or the degree of rise of wedged hepatic venous pressure and there was no difference in age, sex, or drugs prescribed in @entity1 with or without @entity3621 . The mean follow up period and the mean number of sclerotherapy treatments was significantly greater (p less than 0.005) in @entity1 with @entity3621 . Full thickness gastric biopsies in seven surgical @entity1 and 11 autopsy specimens showed @entity384 . Endoscopic biopsies in 14 @entity1 showed @entity455 in the mucosal layer which was in excess of the degree of inflammatory infiltrate. @entity3621 occurred in @entity1 with portal @entity101 of all common aetiologies and the clinical and pathological evidence supports the contention that it reflects a congested gastric mucosa and should be renamed @entity384 . As injection sclerotherapy improves survival from variceal @entity548 @entity384 may become more common. The response to conventional ('anti-erosive') therapy is poor and measures aimed at reducing the gastric portal pressure may be the only effective means of treating this condition.

title: Gastric lesions in portal @entity101 : inflammatory @entity3621 or XXXX ?

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['congestive gastropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase y (PI3Ky) is a G-protein-coupled receptor-activated lipid kinase mainly expressed in leukocytes and cells of the cardiovascular system. PI3Ky plays an important signaling role in inflammatory processes. Since subclinical @entity32 is a hallmark of @entity731 , @entity28 -related insulin resistance, and pancreatic b-cell failure, we asked whether common genetic variation in the PI3Ky gene ( @entity8359 ) contributes to body fat content/distribution, serum adipokine/cytokine concentrations, alterations in plasma lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, insulin release, and @entity413 homeostasis. STUDY DESIGN: Using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach, we analyzed genotype-phenotype associations in 2,068 German subjects genotyped for 10 @entity8359 SNPs and characterized by oral @entity413 tolerance tests. In subgroups, data from hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, and intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests were available, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for gene expression analysis. RESULTS: After appropriate adjustment, none of the @entity8359 tagging SNPs was significantly associated with body fat content/distribution, adipokine/cytokine concentrations, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, or blood @entity413 concentrations (p>0.0127, all; Bonferroni-corrected a-level: 0.0051). However, six non-linked SNPs displayed at least nominal associations with plasma HDL- @entity165 concentrations, two of them ( @entity72325 and @entity72326 ) reaching the level of study-wide significance (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0004, respectively). More precisely, @entity72325 and @entity72326 influenced @entity9477 -, but not @entity9478 -, @entity165 . With respect to the SNPs' in vivo functionality, @entity72325 was significantly associated with @entity8359 mRNA expression in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS: We could demonstrate that common genetic variation in the @entity8359 locus, possibly via altered @entity8359 gene expression, determines plasma HDL- @entity165 concentrations. Since @entity9477 -, but not @entity9478 -, @entity165 is influenced by @entity8359 variants, PI3Ky may play a role in HDL clearance rather than in HDL biogenesis. Even though the molecular pathways connecting PI3Ky and HDL metabolism remain to be further elucidated, this finding could add a novel aspect to the pathophysiological role of PI3Ky in atherogenesis.

title: Variation in the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Gamma Gene Affects Plasma HDL- XXXX without Modification of Metabolic or Inflammatory Markers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19812 ( @entity20784 ), a kind of @entity3096 which is extracted from a variety of diets, has been reported to convey protective effects of various diseases. Recent researches have suggested that @entity20784 can carry out cardioprotective effects during @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R). However, there have no reports on whether @entity20784 can exert protective effects against @entity296 /R injury through the actions of specific microRNAs (miRs). The purpose of this study was to determine which miRs and target genes @entity20784 exerted such function through. METHODS: Expression of various miRs in perfused @entity35 hearts was detected using a gene chip. Target genes were predicted with TargetScan, MiRDB and MiRanda. @entity519 /reoxygenation was used to simulate I/R. Cells were transfected by @entity72327 -3p mimic, inhibitor and small interfering RNA of @entity12990 (avian erythroblastosis virus E26 (v ets) oncogene homolog 1). @entity72327 -3p and @entity12990 mRNA were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by annexin V- @entity2822 / @entity2667 dyeing and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, @entity1976 , @entity2310 , and @entity12990 were examined by western blot analysis. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the combination between @entity72327 -3p and the 3'-untranslated region of @entity12990 . RESULTS: @entity20784 pretreatment reduced @entity72327 -3p expression in myocardial tissue, as compared to the I/R group. And @entity20784 decreased @entity72327 -3p expression and apoptosis caused by I/R. However, overexpression of @entity72327 -3p further aggravated the changes caused by I/R and blocked all the effects of @entity20784 . Knockdown of @entity72327 -3p expression also attenuated apoptosis, while knockdown of @entity12990 promoted apoptosis. Further, the luciferase reporter assay showed that @entity72327 -3p could inhibit @entity12990 expression. CONCLUSION: @entity20784 pretreatment conveys anti-apoptotic effects after @entity296 /R injury by decreasing @entity72327 -3p and increasing @entity12990 expression levels.

title: @entity19812 Inhibits @entity63 /Reperfusion-Induced XXXX in @entity35 via Downregulation of microRNA-208b-3p.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19812 ( @entity20784 ), a kind of @entity3096 which is extracted from a variety of diets, has been reported to convey protective effects of various diseases. Recent researches have suggested that @entity20784 can carry out cardioprotective effects during @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R). However, there have no reports on whether @entity20784 can exert protective effects against @entity296 /R injury through the actions of specific microRNAs (miRs). The purpose of this study was to determine which miRs and target genes @entity20784 exerted such function through. METHODS: Expression of various miRs in perfused @entity35 hearts was detected using a gene chip. Target genes were predicted with TargetScan, MiRDB and MiRanda. @entity519 /reoxygenation was used to simulate I/R. Cells were transfected by @entity72327 -3p mimic, inhibitor and small interfering RNA of @entity12990 (avian erythroblastosis virus E26 (v ets) oncogene homolog 1). @entity72327 -3p and @entity12990 mRNA were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by annexin V- @entity2822 / @entity2667 dyeing and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, @entity1976 , @entity2310 , and @entity12990 were examined by western blot analysis. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the combination between @entity72327 -3p and the 3'-untranslated region of @entity12990 . RESULTS: @entity20784 pretreatment reduced @entity72327 -3p expression in myocardial tissue, as compared to the I/R group. And @entity20784 decreased @entity72327 -3p expression and apoptosis caused by I/R. However, overexpression of @entity72327 -3p further aggravated the changes caused by I/R and blocked all the effects of @entity20784 . Knockdown of @entity72327 -3p expression also attenuated apoptosis, while knockdown of @entity12990 promoted apoptosis. Further, the luciferase reporter assay showed that @entity72327 -3p could inhibit @entity12990 expression. CONCLUSION: @entity20784 pretreatment conveys anti-apoptotic effects after @entity296 /R injury by decreasing @entity72327 -3p and increasing @entity12990 expression levels.

title: XXXX Inhibits @entity63 /Reperfusion-Induced @entity296 in @entity35 via Downregulation of microRNA-208b-3p.

answer: @entity19812 :: (MESH:D047311,Chemical) :: ['Luteolin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19812 ( @entity20784 ), a kind of @entity3096 which is extracted from a variety of diets, has been reported to convey protective effects of various diseases. Recent researches have suggested that @entity20784 can carry out cardioprotective effects during @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R). However, there have no reports on whether @entity20784 can exert protective effects against @entity296 /R injury through the actions of specific microRNAs (miRs). The purpose of this study was to determine which miRs and target genes @entity20784 exerted such function through. METHODS: Expression of various miRs in perfused @entity35 hearts was detected using a gene chip. Target genes were predicted with TargetScan, MiRDB and MiRanda. @entity519 /reoxygenation was used to simulate I/R. Cells were transfected by @entity72327 -3p mimic, inhibitor and small interfering RNA of @entity12990 (avian erythroblastosis virus E26 (v ets) oncogene homolog 1). @entity72327 -3p and @entity12990 mRNA were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by annexin V- @entity2822 / @entity2667 dyeing and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, @entity1976 , @entity2310 , and @entity12990 were examined by western blot analysis. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the combination between @entity72327 -3p and the 3'-untranslated region of @entity12990 . RESULTS: @entity20784 pretreatment reduced @entity72327 -3p expression in myocardial tissue, as compared to the I/R group. And @entity20784 decreased @entity72327 -3p expression and apoptosis caused by I/R. However, overexpression of @entity72327 -3p further aggravated the changes caused by I/R and blocked all the effects of @entity20784 . Knockdown of @entity72327 -3p expression also attenuated apoptosis, while knockdown of @entity12990 promoted apoptosis. Further, the luciferase reporter assay showed that @entity72327 -3p could inhibit @entity12990 expression. CONCLUSION: @entity20784 pretreatment conveys anti-apoptotic effects after @entity296 /R injury by decreasing @entity72327 -3p and increasing @entity12990 expression levels.

title: @entity19812 Inhibits XXXX /Reperfusion-Induced @entity296 in @entity35 via Downregulation of microRNA-208b-3p.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19812 ( @entity20784 ), a kind of @entity3096 which is extracted from a variety of diets, has been reported to convey protective effects of various diseases. Recent researches have suggested that @entity20784 can carry out cardioprotective effects during @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R). However, there have no reports on whether @entity20784 can exert protective effects against @entity296 /R injury through the actions of specific microRNAs (miRs). The purpose of this study was to determine which miRs and target genes @entity20784 exerted such function through. METHODS: Expression of various miRs in perfused @entity35 hearts was detected using a gene chip. Target genes were predicted with TargetScan, MiRDB and MiRanda. @entity519 /reoxygenation was used to simulate I/R. Cells were transfected by @entity72327 -3p mimic, inhibitor and small interfering RNA of @entity12990 (avian erythroblastosis virus E26 (v ets) oncogene homolog 1). @entity72327 -3p and @entity12990 mRNA were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by annexin V- @entity2822 / @entity2667 dyeing and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, @entity1976 , @entity2310 , and @entity12990 were examined by western blot analysis. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the combination between @entity72327 -3p and the 3'-untranslated region of @entity12990 . RESULTS: @entity20784 pretreatment reduced @entity72327 -3p expression in myocardial tissue, as compared to the I/R group. And @entity20784 decreased @entity72327 -3p expression and apoptosis caused by I/R. However, overexpression of @entity72327 -3p further aggravated the changes caused by I/R and blocked all the effects of @entity20784 . Knockdown of @entity72327 -3p expression also attenuated apoptosis, while knockdown of @entity12990 promoted apoptosis. Further, the luciferase reporter assay showed that @entity72327 -3p could inhibit @entity12990 expression. CONCLUSION: @entity20784 pretreatment conveys anti-apoptotic effects after @entity296 /R injury by decreasing @entity72327 -3p and increasing @entity12990 expression levels.

title: @entity19812 Inhibits @entity63 /Reperfusion-Induced @entity296 in XXXX via Downregulation of microRNA-208b-3p.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of @entity66 in Sweden during the " @entity3082 period" (1984-1996) was one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the @entity66 incidence in our region over the 41-year period, and how diagnostic activity and diagnostic accuracy were affected by the introduction of antibody testing. We also looked into how @entity1 with mild @entity7017 were evaluated. METHODS: In the county of   sterg  tland in Sweden, 2790 paediatric @entity1 were investigated for suspected @entity66 between 1973 and 2013. Notes were scrutinised for data on sex, age, histopathological reports and final diagnosis. For comparative purposes this period was divided into three sub-periods (1973-1983, 1984-1996 and 1997-2013) named pre- @entity3082 , @entity3082 and @entity3082 . RESULTS: @entity66 diagnosis was received by 1,030 @entity1 . The peak incidence rate, 301 cases/100,000 in 1994 for the age group 0-1.9 years is the highest figure ever reported. The other age groups, 2-4.9, 5-14.9, and 15-17.9 years, also had high incidence rates. After the 1984-1996 " @entity3082 period" the incidence decreased for the youngest group but continued to increase for the other groups. The cumulative incidence at 18 years-of-age for @entity1 born during the @entity3082 reached 14 cases/1000 births, the highest figure hitherto reported. Diagnostic activity differed significantly between the three sub-periods (p<0.001) increasing gradually from 1984 and reaching a peak value of 0.87 in 2012. Cases of mild @entity7017 were more frequently regarded as @entity66 cases, decreasing significantly in the " @entity3082 " period (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate and cumulative incidence of @entity66 were possibly the highest ever reported. Changes in diagnostic activity and accuracy could not be attributed to the introduction of new antibody tests, possibly because of other changes e.g. variations in the symptoms at presentation and improved knowledge of the disease among parents and health professionals.

title: Unusually High Incidence of Paediatric XXXX in Sweden during the Period 1973 - 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease', 'non-coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic', 'post-epidemic']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Coeliac Disease']


abstract: The chromosome 15q13.3 microdeletion is a pathogenic copy number variation @entity302 , @entity717 , @entity161 , and @entity72 ( @entity72 ). We generated @entity19 carrying a deletion of 1.2 Mb homologous to the 15q13.3 microdeletion in @entity1 @entity1 . Here, we report that @entity19 with a heterozygous deletion on a C57BL/6 background (D/+ @entity19 ) demonstrated phenotypes including enlarged/heavier brains ( @entity4651 ) with enlarged lateral ventricles, decreased social interactions, increased repetitive grooming behavior, reduced ultrasonic vocalizations, decreased auditory-evoked gamma band EEG, and reduced event-related potentials. D/+ @entity19 had normal body weight, activity levels, sensory gating, and cognitive abilities and no signs of @entity302 / @entity410 . Our results demonstrate that D/+ @entity19 represent @entity72 -related phenotypes associated with 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. Further investigations using this chromosome-engineered @entity19 model may uncover the common mechanism(s) underlying @entity72 and other @entity245 representing the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome, @entity302 , @entity717 , and @entity161 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Recently discovered pathologic copy number variations (CNVs) from @entity1 with @entity245 show very strong penetrance and thus are excellent candidates for @entity19 models of disease that can mirror the @entity1 genetic conditions with high fidelity. A 15q13.3 microdeletion in @entity1 results in a range of @entity245 , @entity302 , @entity717 , @entity161 , and @entity72 ( @entity72 ). The disorders conferred by a 15q13.3 microdeletion also have overlapping genetic architectures and comorbidity in other @entity1 populations such as those with @entity302 and @entity161 / @entity716 , as well as @entity161 and @entity72 . We generated @entity19 carrying a deletion of 1.2 Mb homologous to the 15q13.3 microdeletion in @entity1 @entity1 , which allowed us to investigate the potential causes of @entity245 associated with the @entity471 .

title: @entity19 Model of Chromosome 15q13.3 Microdeletion Syndrome Demonstrates Features Related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['including epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'conferring epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorder']


abstract: The chromosome 15q13.3 microdeletion is a pathogenic copy number variation @entity302 , @entity717 , @entity161 , and @entity72 ( @entity72 ). We generated @entity19 carrying a deletion of 1.2 Mb homologous to the 15q13.3 microdeletion in @entity1 @entity1 . Here, we report that @entity19 with a heterozygous deletion on a C57BL/6 background (D/+ @entity19 ) demonstrated phenotypes including enlarged/heavier brains ( @entity4651 ) with enlarged lateral ventricles, decreased social interactions, increased repetitive grooming behavior, reduced ultrasonic vocalizations, decreased auditory-evoked gamma band EEG, and reduced event-related potentials. D/+ @entity19 had normal body weight, activity levels, sensory gating, and cognitive abilities and no signs of @entity302 / @entity410 . Our results demonstrate that D/+ @entity19 represent @entity72 -related phenotypes associated with 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. Further investigations using this chromosome-engineered @entity19 model may uncover the common mechanism(s) underlying @entity72 and other @entity245 representing the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome, @entity302 , @entity717 , and @entity161 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Recently discovered pathologic copy number variations (CNVs) from @entity1 with @entity245 show very strong penetrance and thus are excellent candidates for @entity19 models of disease that can mirror the @entity1 genetic conditions with high fidelity. A 15q13.3 microdeletion in @entity1 results in a range of @entity245 , @entity302 , @entity717 , @entity161 , and @entity72 ( @entity72 ). The disorders conferred by a 15q13.3 microdeletion also have overlapping genetic architectures and comorbidity in other @entity1 populations such as those with @entity302 and @entity161 / @entity716 , as well as @entity161 and @entity72 . We generated @entity19 carrying a deletion of 1.2 Mb homologous to the 15q13.3 microdeletion in @entity1 @entity1 , which allowed us to investigate the potential causes of @entity245 associated with the @entity471 .

title: XXXX Model of Chromosome 15q13.3 Microdeletion Syndrome Demonstrates Features Related to @entity72 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNA molecules have a variety of roles in cellular development and proliferation processes, including normal osteogenesis. These effects are exerted through post-translational inhibition of target genes. Altered miRNA expression has been demonstrated in several @entity5 , both in the @entity5 tissue and in the peripheral circulation. This may influence @entity105 if the specific miRNA targets are encoded by @entity5 suppressor genes or oncogenes. To date, most research investigating the role of microRNAs and primary @entity3478 has focused on @entity421 and @entity2828 . Several microRNAs including the @entity7762 family have been implicated in @entity105 via effects on the Notch signaling pathway. Progression, invasion, and @entity3 of @entity421 cells is also influenced by microRNA expression. In addition, microRNA expression may affect the response to chemotherapy in @entity421 and thus hold potential for future use as either a prognostic indicator or a therapeutic target. The @entity45620 fusion protein produced in @entity2828 has been shown to induce changes in miRNA expression. MicroRNA expression profiling may have some potential for prediction of disease progression and survival in @entity2828 . There is limited evidence to support a role for microRNAs in other primary @entity3478 , either malignant or benign; however, early work is suggestive of involvement in @entity511 , @entity5607 , and @entity2967 of bone.

title: microRNA and Bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma tumor', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'osteosarcoma tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['multiple osteochondromatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the side effects of @entity5520 (BP) on tooth extraction socket healing in spontaneously @entity6 Torii (SDT) @entity35 , an established model of @entity6 , to develop an animal model of BP-related @entity2530 of the jaws (BRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 and SDT @entity35 were randomly assigned to the @entity4381 ( @entity5921 )-treated groups (SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 ) or to the control groups (SD/control or SDT/control). @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 groups received an intravenous bolus injection of @entity5921 (35  g/kg) every 2 weeks. Each group consisted of 6 @entity35 each. Twenty-one weeks after @entity5921 treatment began, the left maxillary molars were extracted. The @entity35 were euthanized at 2, 4, or 8 weeks after tooth extraction, and the total maxillae were harvested for histological and histochemical studies. RESULTS: In the oral cavity, bone exposure persisted at the tooth extraction site in all @entity35 of the SDT/ @entity5921 group until 8 weeks after tooth extraction. In contrast, there was no bone exposure in SD/control or SDT/control groups, and only 1 of 6 @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 group showed bone exposure. Histologically, necrotic bone areas with empty lacunae, microbial colonies, and less invasion by inflammatory cells were observed. The number of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts was lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group than in the SD/control group. The mineral apposition rate was significantly lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group compared with the SD/control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the development of BRONJ-like lesions in @entity35 and suggested that @entity79 with less inflammatory cell infiltration plays an important role in the development of BRONJ.

title: Establishment of an Animal Model of XXXX -Related @entity2530 of the Jaws in Spontaneously @entity6 Torii @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['low bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity5520 :: (D004164,Chemical) :: ['Bisphosphonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the side effects of @entity5520 (BP) on tooth extraction socket healing in spontaneously @entity6 Torii (SDT) @entity35 , an established model of @entity6 , to develop an animal model of BP-related @entity2530 of the jaws (BRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 and SDT @entity35 were randomly assigned to the @entity4381 ( @entity5921 )-treated groups (SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 ) or to the control groups (SD/control or SDT/control). @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 groups received an intravenous bolus injection of @entity5921 (35  g/kg) every 2 weeks. Each group consisted of 6 @entity35 each. Twenty-one weeks after @entity5921 treatment began, the left maxillary molars were extracted. The @entity35 were euthanized at 2, 4, or 8 weeks after tooth extraction, and the total maxillae were harvested for histological and histochemical studies. RESULTS: In the oral cavity, bone exposure persisted at the tooth extraction site in all @entity35 of the SDT/ @entity5921 group until 8 weeks after tooth extraction. In contrast, there was no bone exposure in SD/control or SDT/control groups, and only 1 of 6 @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 group showed bone exposure. Histologically, necrotic bone areas with empty lacunae, microbial colonies, and less invasion by inflammatory cells were observed. The number of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts was lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group than in the SD/control group. The mineral apposition rate was significantly lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group compared with the SD/control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the development of BRONJ-like lesions in @entity35 and suggested that @entity79 with less inflammatory cell infiltration plays an important role in the development of BRONJ.

title: Establishment of an Animal Model of @entity5520 -Related @entity2530 of the Jaws in Spontaneously XXXX Torii @entity35 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the side effects of @entity5520 (BP) on tooth extraction socket healing in spontaneously @entity6 Torii (SDT) @entity35 , an established model of @entity6 , to develop an animal model of BP-related @entity2530 of the jaws (BRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 and SDT @entity35 were randomly assigned to the @entity4381 ( @entity5921 )-treated groups (SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 ) or to the control groups (SD/control or SDT/control). @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 groups received an intravenous bolus injection of @entity5921 (35  g/kg) every 2 weeks. Each group consisted of 6 @entity35 each. Twenty-one weeks after @entity5921 treatment began, the left maxillary molars were extracted. The @entity35 were euthanized at 2, 4, or 8 weeks after tooth extraction, and the total maxillae were harvested for histological and histochemical studies. RESULTS: In the oral cavity, bone exposure persisted at the tooth extraction site in all @entity35 of the SDT/ @entity5921 group until 8 weeks after tooth extraction. In contrast, there was no bone exposure in SD/control or SDT/control groups, and only 1 of 6 @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 group showed bone exposure. Histologically, necrotic bone areas with empty lacunae, microbial colonies, and less invasion by inflammatory cells were observed. The number of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts was lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group than in the SD/control group. The mineral apposition rate was significantly lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group compared with the SD/control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the development of BRONJ-like lesions in @entity35 and suggested that @entity79 with less inflammatory cell infiltration plays an important role in the development of BRONJ.

title: Establishment of an Animal Model of @entity5520 -Related XXXX of the Jaws in Spontaneously @entity6 Torii @entity35 .

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']