abstract: UNASSIGNED: Feline @entity11766 are a diagnostic challenge. The objective of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRPLN), alone or in combination with CT imaging characteristics of the nasal passages, could aid in differentiation between @entity2490 and @entity5 . @entity468 were recruited from record archives at two veterinary facilities during the period of 2008-2012. Selection criteria were presentation for chronic nasal discharge, contrast-enhanced CT of the head that included the MRPLN, and rhinoscopic nasal biopsy resulting in diagnosis of @entity2490 or @entity5 . For each CT scan, two board-certified veterinary radiologists recorded MRPLN size, attenuation, heterogeneity, contrast-medium enhancement, margination, shape, presence of a lymph node hilus, perinodal fat, turbinate lysis, paranasal bone lysis, and nasal mass. Both readers were unaware of @entity1 information at the time of CT interpretation. Thirty-four @entity468 with @entity2490 and 22 @entity468 with @entity5 were included. Computed tomographic characteristics significantly associated with @entity5 included abnormal MRPLN hilus (OR 5.1), paranasal bone lysis (OR 5.6), turbinate lysis (5.6), mass (OR 26.1), MRPLN height asymmetry (OR 4.5), and decreased MRPLN precontrast heterogeneity (OR 7.0). The combined features predictive of @entity5 were a nasal mass with abnormal hilus (OR 47.7); lysis of turbinates/paranasal bones with abnormal MRPLN hilus (OR 16.2). Findings supported the hypothesis that combining CT features of the nasal passages and MRPLN aided in differentiating @entity2490 from @entity5 in @entity468 .

title: COMBINATION OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIAL RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODES AND NASAL PASSAGES AIDS DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN RHINITIS AND NEOPLASIA IN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nasal neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal diseases']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['CATS']


abstract: To assess the effectiveness and safety of stentoplasty in @entity1 with @entity3604 . A systematic search of databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library, between others, was conducted to June 9, 2014. Clinical trials and observational studies that included alive adults with @entity3604 and the comparators were the intervention himself, vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty were selected. Quality of evidence was graded according to the GRADE approach. Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Forty-two citations were identified during the search. After removing duplicates, five studies were included: two clinical trials and three observational studies. Stentoplasty, showed higher rate of adverse events related to material (P=0.043) and cuff pressure (P=0.014) in comparison to kyphoplasty. There was no difference between two procedures in terms of @entity1513 , time of exposure to radiation or postoperative loss of cement. Stentoplasty in comparison to vertebroplasty, showed an improvement of restoration of vertebral height (P=0.042), @entity1513 correction and volume of bone cement. No differences were found between two procedures in terms of @entity393 . Based on observational studies, stentoplasty improved vertebral height, @entity158 at 6 and 12months follow-up, and corrected the angle @entity174 in @entity1 with osteoporotic vertebral body. Stentoplasty was presented as a safe procedure in short-medium term, with a low complication rate, a @entity174 lower rates. Stentoplasty improves vertebral height, reduces the @entity158 and correct the vertebral angle in @entity1 with @entity3604 with minimum adverse events. Stentoplasty is comparable to kyphoplasty in terms of correction of @entity1513 , time of exposure to radiation and cement postoperative loss, and comparable to vertebroplasty in terms of restoration of vertebral height correction and bone cement volume. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II systematic review.

title: Stentoplasty effectiveness and safety for the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral body fractures', 'osteoporotic vertebral body fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'reduced loss of cement and new vertebral body fractures']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and functional disability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vertebral body volume']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fractures']


abstract: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) has weak thyroid-stimulating activity because of its homology with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ), which is a severe complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies, a close association between maternal serum @entity3566 concentration and @entity14244 has been reported. And, @entity14244 can be treated by fetoscopic laser coagulation of the communicating vessels. To clarify the relationship between maternal serum @entity3566 and maternal thyroid function in @entity14244 , the present study investigated the change in thyroid hormone and @entity3566 levels after laser therapy. The protocol included collection of serial maternal blood samples in @entity14244 before laser therapy, and at two and four weeks after laser therapy. For 131 cases of @entity14244 , the following parameters were determined at each point: @entity3566 , TSH, free @entity1954 (fT3), and free @entity1955 (fT4). The multiple of the median (MoM) of pre-operative @entity3566 concentration in @entity14244 was 5.39 MoM (interquartile range, 2.83 - 8.64). There was a moderate positive correlation between @entity3566 and fT3 in @entity14244 pre-operatively (R = 0.22, P = 0.030). fT4 was also positively correlated with @entity3566 (R = 0.33, P < 0.001). Some cases showed very high concentration in fT3. When laser therapy for @entity14244 was effective, the @entity3566 concentration significantly decreased, and fT3 and fT4 decreased progressively in concert with the decrease in @entity3566 . The relationship between @entity3566 and thyroid function in @entity14244 supports the finding of @entity14244 as a novel etiology of @entity3566 -mediated @entity1378 during pregnancy.

title: Change of maternal thyroid function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome', 'TTTS']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity14244 :: (MESH:D005330,Disease) :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']


abstract: In a retrospective study the histopathological findings of 127 laparoscopically operated unilocular anechoic smooth-walled @entity42 have been correlated with clinical characteristics (age, duration of observation, complaints, hormonal treatment), size by ultrasound, kind and colour of cysts content as well as cytological findings. The age of @entity1 differed from 16-61 years (mean +/- s: 36 +/- 16). The histopathologic findings yielded 15 (11.8%) functional cysts, 30 (23.6%) persistent corpus luteum cysts, 9 (7.1%) @entity46 , 7 (5.5%) cystic @entity44 , 9 (7.1%) undifferenciated cysts and 57 (44.9%) @entity9296 . There were no differences between histopathologic diagnosis groups according to age and cysts size by ultrasound. Functional cysts with complaints (n = 6) may explain that the observation time in 60% of all functional cysts was smaller than 6 weeks, whereas persistent corpus luteum cysts, @entity46 , @entity44 and @entity9296 had been observed for longer than 6 weeks in more than two thirds. Intraoperative evaluation of cysts content as " @entity6353 "-like was suspicious of @entity46 , but was also present in cysts of other histopathological findings. By means of cytology, @entity46 (siderophages) was suspected in 44.4% and a @entity9296 in 42.1% of all histopathologically verified cases. In all, the cytologic findings were useful for correct histopathological diagnosis in only 33.9% of all 127 cases. It is concluded that differential diagnosis of simple @entity42 is not possible by clinical characteristics, neither by ultrasound nor by cytological evaluation. @entity42 should be observed for at least two hormonal cycles. A hormonal treatment by combination preparations containing high doses of @entity2931 is also recommended. In cases of persisting @entity42 laparoscopic removal is necessary.

title: [Histology and cytology of laparoscopically operated "simple XXXX "].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian cysts', 'ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenomas', 'cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['cystic teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cysts']


abstract: Between 1992 and 1993 surgery conserving the organ was undertaken in 215 @entity1 with uterine @entity1868 . Only @entity1868 of more than 2 cm in diameter were included. It was possible to conserve the organ in 207 cases (90%). Myomectomy by pelviscopy was performed in 131 cases. The procedure was successful in 117 cases (89%), secondary laparotomy had to be done in 14 of these @entity1 . On average the @entity1868 removed by pelviscopy measured 5.2 cm in diameter. The S.E.M.M. (Serrated Edged Macro Morcellator) was used in the procedure. It did not take long to morecellate even larger @entity1868 (the largest one removed by pelviscopy weighed 418 g) and to remove them by means of a 15 mm-trocar. An average of 2 @entity1868 were removed per @entity1 (r: 1-5). The mean Hb drop amounted to 1.5 g%. Repeat pelviscopy had to be done in one @entity1 because of a secondary @entity548 , a laparotomy and hysterectomy for subilius had to be performed in one case on the 3rd postoperative day. An intestinal loop has adhered to the uterine wound dehiscence. No other complications were observed after pelviscopic myomectomy. A 41-year-old @entity1 wanting @entity1 suffered a late complication, namely a @entity397 in the 28 w of pregnancy. It is therefore imperative to inform @entity1 who are still in the reproductive phase about the possibility of an @entity397 after pelviscopic myomectomy.

title: [Pelviscopic XXXX enucleation: technique, limits, complications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured uterus', 'uterus rupture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['myoma']


abstract: Fifteen percutaneous renal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity810 due to @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ), in almost all cases due to drugs, were studied by electron microscopy. Differential counting of interstitial cells showed an average of 69% lymphocytes (small and large) and 11% macrophages. Plasma cells and eosinophils were comparatively rare. The infiltrate resembled that of acute rejection, suggesting a cellular hypersensitivity reaction. Proximal and distal tubules were severely affected focally. Migration of lymphocytes through the tubular basement membrane of otherwise well-preserved tubules was considered to be the first phase. Other tubules showed extreme thinning of the tubular basement membrane, with still intact cellular walls. Rupture of the tubular basement membrane and @entity39 of tubular epithelial cells are probably late phenomena. The non-necrotic tubules displayed severe @entity8668 and proximal as well as distal tubular basolateral infoldings. Focal tubular disintegration leading to @entity616 and/or backleak as well as decrease of proximal tubular @entity1372 resorption leading to a decreased glomerular filtration (a mechanism probably also acting in ischemic @entity810 ) may all be factors responsible for the @entity810 in @entity1986 .

title: Ultrastructure of the kidney in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of proximal brush border']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic disintegration']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['AIN', 'acute interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['tubular block']

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['acute interstitial nephritis']


abstract: The frequency of @entity5 grade I-III (grading system according to B  cking and Sommerkamp, 1980) and of clinical stages T0-T3 in 393 unselected @entity263 (227 punch biopsies and 166 transurethral resections) were investigated over a period of 2 years. @entity5 were represented most frequently in the whole material (54%) as well as in punch biopsies (62%). G @entity189 with a favorable prognosis make up 20% of the @entity5 in the whole material and only 10% in punch biopsies. In contrast, 54.9% of incidental @entity189 (T0) are G I @entity5 , 18.6% @entity5 with an unfavorable prognosis. The advanced clinical stages T2 and T3 predominate in the whole material with 62.4%, compared to stages T0 and T1 comprising 37.6%. Malignancy grade and clinical stage are clearly correlated in the whole material. In incidental @entity189 , there is also a correlation between @entity5 grade and histologic extension. The percentage of higher @entity5 grades G II and G III increases with age. This is true for incidental @entity189 as well. The findings emphasize the prognostic significance of the grading system.

title: [Malignancy grade and clinical stage T0-T3 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['G III carcinomas', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['I carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A new fixed-dose combination drug, @entity73157 (1 film-coated tablet contains 120 mg @entity44487 , 2.5 mg @entity3592 and 25 mg @entity9355 ) was tested in a long-term study. 20 @entity1 with mild to moderate primary @entity101 were treated for 6 months. Items of investigation were: influence on low range serum @entity972 , influence on serum @entity1760 concentration, blood pressure lowering effect, tolerance and side effects. Initial dosage of 1 tablet b.i.d. could be reduced to 1 tablet in the morning in 4 @entity1 . The mean serum @entity972 concentration rose from 3.79 +/- 0.3 mmol/l to 4.15 +/- 0.55 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks, and to 4.26 +/- 0.37 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) after 6 months of treatment, all single values remaining within normal limits. The serum @entity1760 concentration rose to a small, insignificant extent. @entity551 were lowered highly significantly from 177 +/- 12/103 +/- 7 mm Hg by 19/11 mm Hg. The mean values were within normal limits (less than 160/95 mm Hg) after treatment. Heart rate fell simultaneously by 11 beats per minute, on average (p less than 0.01). Atrioventricular conduction time was slightly prolonged in 2 cases. Serum levels of @entity1372 , BUN and @entity1011 rose slightly, but remained within the normal range during treatment. @entity414 and lipids were not influenced significantly. 1 @entity1 complained of transient gastrointestinal discomfort. Generally the drug was tolerated very well.

title: [ @entity972 -sparing effect of @entity9355 in a 3-component combination preparation for the therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3592 :: ('MESH:D001539', 'Chemical') :: ['bendroflumethiazide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity44487 :: ('MESH:D002046', 'Chemical') :: ['bupranolol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid']

entities_list: @entity73157 :: ('MESH:C048316', 'Chemical') :: ['Minotensin']

entities_list: @entity9355 :: ('MESH:D014223', 'Chemical') :: ['triamterene']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A new fixed-dose combination drug, @entity73157 (1 film-coated tablet contains 120 mg @entity44487 , 2.5 mg @entity3592 and 25 mg @entity9355 ) was tested in a long-term study. 20 @entity1 with mild to moderate primary @entity101 were treated for 6 months. Items of investigation were: influence on low range serum @entity972 , influence on serum @entity1760 concentration, blood pressure lowering effect, tolerance and side effects. Initial dosage of 1 tablet b.i.d. could be reduced to 1 tablet in the morning in 4 @entity1 . The mean serum @entity972 concentration rose from 3.79 +/- 0.3 mmol/l to 4.15 +/- 0.55 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks, and to 4.26 +/- 0.37 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) after 6 months of treatment, all single values remaining within normal limits. The serum @entity1760 concentration rose to a small, insignificant extent. @entity551 were lowered highly significantly from 177 +/- 12/103 +/- 7 mm Hg by 19/11 mm Hg. The mean values were within normal limits (less than 160/95 mm Hg) after treatment. Heart rate fell simultaneously by 11 beats per minute, on average (p less than 0.01). Atrioventricular conduction time was slightly prolonged in 2 cases. Serum levels of @entity1372 , BUN and @entity1011 rose slightly, but remained within the normal range during treatment. @entity414 and lipids were not influenced significantly. 1 @entity1 complained of transient gastrointestinal discomfort. Generally the drug was tolerated very well.

title: [ XXXX -sparing effect of @entity9355 in a 3-component combination preparation for the therapy of @entity101 ].

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: A new fixed-dose combination drug, @entity73157 (1 film-coated tablet contains 120 mg @entity44487 , 2.5 mg @entity3592 and 25 mg @entity9355 ) was tested in a long-term study. 20 @entity1 with mild to moderate primary @entity101 were treated for 6 months. Items of investigation were: influence on low range serum @entity972 , influence on serum @entity1760 concentration, blood pressure lowering effect, tolerance and side effects. Initial dosage of 1 tablet b.i.d. could be reduced to 1 tablet in the morning in 4 @entity1 . The mean serum @entity972 concentration rose from 3.79 +/- 0.3 mmol/l to 4.15 +/- 0.55 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks, and to 4.26 +/- 0.37 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) after 6 months of treatment, all single values remaining within normal limits. The serum @entity1760 concentration rose to a small, insignificant extent. @entity551 were lowered highly significantly from 177 +/- 12/103 +/- 7 mm Hg by 19/11 mm Hg. The mean values were within normal limits (less than 160/95 mm Hg) after treatment. Heart rate fell simultaneously by 11 beats per minute, on average (p less than 0.01). Atrioventricular conduction time was slightly prolonged in 2 cases. Serum levels of @entity1372 , BUN and @entity1011 rose slightly, but remained within the normal range during treatment. @entity414 and lipids were not influenced significantly. 1 @entity1 complained of transient gastrointestinal discomfort. Generally the drug was tolerated very well.

title: [ @entity972 -sparing effect of XXXX in a 3-component combination preparation for the therapy of @entity101 ].

answer: @entity9355 :: (MESH:D014223,Chemical) :: ['triamterene']


abstract: To characterize interventions resulting in 'physiological' growth of the heart, @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) had @entity1378 induced (0.05 mg.kg-1.day-1 @entity1954 for 6 days) or were treated with a high dose of the @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor, @entity55587 (15 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 5 weeks). Etomoxir increased cardiac growth evenly, but @entity1378 resulted in an over-proportional higher right ventricular weight. Both interventions increased the proportion of the myosin isozyme V1. The rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 uptake was increased to a greater extent in @entity1378 @entity35 than in etomoxir-treated @entity35 (P < 0.05). Left ventricular levels of immunoreactive phospholamban (semiquantitative ELISA) were moderately decreased (P < 0.05) in @entity1378 @entity35 but not in etomoxir-treated @entity35 . The protein kinase A-catalyzed in vitro 32P-incorporation into the SR @entity141 pump modulator phospholamban was greatly reduced (P < 0.05) in @entity1378 @entity35 , indicating an increased in vivo phosphorylation. Etomoxir did not affect phospholamban phosphorylation in WKY @entity35 . Thus, both a higher in vivo phospholamban phosphorylation state and a greater number of active @entity141 pumps contributed to an increased rate of SR @entity141 uptake in @entity1378 . The etomoxir treatment primarily increased the number of active @entity141 pumps. A scheme is proposed focusing on long-term vs short-term regulation of the SR @entity141 pump/phospholamban system in diseased states.

title: Differential influences of XXXX palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibition and @entity1378 on cardiac growth and sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity6211 :: (MESH:D002331,Chemical) :: ['carnitine']


abstract: To characterize interventions resulting in 'physiological' growth of the heart, @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) had @entity1378 induced (0.05 mg.kg-1.day-1 @entity1954 for 6 days) or were treated with a high dose of the @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor, @entity55587 (15 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 5 weeks). Etomoxir increased cardiac growth evenly, but @entity1378 resulted in an over-proportional higher right ventricular weight. Both interventions increased the proportion of the myosin isozyme V1. The rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 uptake was increased to a greater extent in @entity1378 @entity35 than in etomoxir-treated @entity35 (P < 0.05). Left ventricular levels of immunoreactive phospholamban (semiquantitative ELISA) were moderately decreased (P < 0.05) in @entity1378 @entity35 but not in etomoxir-treated @entity35 . The protein kinase A-catalyzed in vitro 32P-incorporation into the SR @entity141 pump modulator phospholamban was greatly reduced (P < 0.05) in @entity1378 @entity35 , indicating an increased in vivo phosphorylation. Etomoxir did not affect phospholamban phosphorylation in WKY @entity35 . Thus, both a higher in vivo phospholamban phosphorylation state and a greater number of active @entity141 pumps contributed to an increased rate of SR @entity141 uptake in @entity1378 . The etomoxir treatment primarily increased the number of active @entity141 pumps. A scheme is proposed focusing on long-term vs short-term regulation of the SR @entity141 pump/phospholamban system in diseased states.

title: Differential influences of @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibition and XXXX on cardiac growth and sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphorylation.

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: Since 1987 a resurgence of @entity378 is occurring in the Netherlands in analogy to the situation in other industralised countries. So far this has not been associated with an increased incidence of @entity1906 , which is still a rare complication of the disease. Four cases of intracranial @entity378 were recently diagnosed in our hospital. All @entity1 were from middle-class Dutch families with no identified risk for @entity378 . An extensive contact identification search could identify a contact in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 were in an advanced stage of disease before diagnosis. Skin tests were repeatedly negative in all cases which delayed treatment in two cases for almost 2 weeks. One @entity1 developing a cerebral tuberculous focus during therapy responded well to a second course of corticosteroids. Three @entity1 developed severe @entity16 . CONCLUSION: This report illustrates that suspicion of intracranial @entity378 is warranted in the case of an ill-defined @entity16 .

title: Intracranial XXXX in The Netherlands: four paediatric cases.

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory neurological syndrome', 'neurological sequelae']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Recent anatomic work has shown that the capillary network of the fovea is multilaminar. We have identified the elements of this network that are visualized by @entity941 angiography and those that are missed. @entity941 angiograms of monkey retinas ( @entity5434 ) with good visualization of individual capillaries were obtained by standard clinical techniques. Retinal whole mounts were prepared from the same animals. Anatomic drawings made from the whole mounts were used to identify which parts of the capillary network were visualized angiographically. Angiographic estimates of dimensions of the foveal avascular zone corresponded closely to the anatomy. Capillary visibility declined rapidly from near perfect visualization at the edge of the foveal avascular zone to less than 40% by 900 microns eccentricity. While all the widest capillary segments (diameter 6.1-7.0 microns) were visualized, only 43% of the modal group of capillary segments (diameter 4.1-4.5 microns) were detected. When a relatively homogeneous population of capillaries was analyzed (diameters limited to the narrow range of 4.0-5.0 microns), visualization declined monotonically with depth in the retina. Capillary segments in the nerve fiber plane were visualized more than four times as effectively as segments of comparable diameter in the deepest vascular plane. High quality angiograms accurately delineate the foveal avascular zone, but they visualize only a fraction of the adjacent multilaminar network. Therefore, current techniques may not detect the earliest nonperfusion of capillaries in @entity432 . Capillary visibility is a joint function of diameter and of @entity2479 . The decline in visualization with @entity2479 implies that light scattering in the retina degrades the angiographic image.

title: Comparison of XXXX angiography with microvascular anatomy of macaque retinas.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive diseases']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal depth']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: The use of polarised light in biomicroscopy allows discrimination of lenticular features which are not discernible using standard biomicroscopic techniques. However, just as is true of most brightness-dependent photographic methods testing the effect of filters, past uses of polarised light did not involve any control of illumination. The present study involved the use of polarised light in the photo-biomicroscopy of the anterior segment in @entity231 @entity1 , the consequential loss in illumination being mimicked with different neutral density filters. This served to distinguish between polarisation and attentuation. The @entity1 were refracted and their corrected @entity227 was recorded. A qualitative scale was drawn up ranking weights of @entity231 . Spearman's rank correlation was applied to the photographs obtained with conventional and polarised-light biomicroscopy in turn. Brightness control served to confirm that biomicroscopy with polarised light offers some advantages over conventional methods, and correlates with @entity227 better than is true of conventional biomicroscopy. The Spearman ranks derived from the results obtained with polarised light correlate significantly with the @entity1 's @entity227 . It is concluded that polarised light biomicroscopy, in conjunction with the standard examination, can improve the diagnosis of @entity231 and assist in relating it to a @entity1 's @entity227 .

title: Polarising light biomicroscopy and the relation between XXXX and @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lenticular opacities', 'cataract']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual acuity']


abstract: The use of polarised light in biomicroscopy allows discrimination of lenticular features which are not discernible using standard biomicroscopic techniques. However, just as is true of most brightness-dependent photographic methods testing the effect of filters, past uses of polarised light did not involve any control of illumination. The present study involved the use of polarised light in the photo-biomicroscopy of the anterior segment in @entity231 @entity1 , the consequential loss in illumination being mimicked with different neutral density filters. This served to distinguish between polarisation and attentuation. The @entity1 were refracted and their corrected @entity227 was recorded. A qualitative scale was drawn up ranking weights of @entity231 . Spearman's rank correlation was applied to the photographs obtained with conventional and polarised-light biomicroscopy in turn. Brightness control served to confirm that biomicroscopy with polarised light offers some advantages over conventional methods, and correlates with @entity227 better than is true of conventional biomicroscopy. The Spearman ranks derived from the results obtained with polarised light correlate significantly with the @entity1 's @entity227 . It is concluded that polarised light biomicroscopy, in conjunction with the standard examination, can improve the diagnosis of @entity231 and assist in relating it to a @entity1 's @entity227 .

title: Polarising light biomicroscopy and the relation between @entity227 and XXXX .

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity1017 , sweet and @entity1735 craving, @entity3119 in @entity75 ( @entity75 ) compared to @entity195 ( @entity195 ) was evaluated. @entity75 is a progressive @entity303 with a high rate of misdiagnosis and therefore better diagnostic criteria for @entity75 are needed. Fourteen @entity1 meeting research criteria for @entity195 were compared to 14 with suspected @entity75 . All had cerebral perfusion measured with xenon-133 and imaged with HMPAO using brain-dedicated SPECT. The @entity75 group showed frontotemporal and @entity195 posterior temporoparietal hypoperfusion. The primary caregivers were queried regarding @entity1017 , sweet/ @entity1735 preference, @entity458 . Differences were compared with Fisher's exact test. The following was found in @entity75 versus @entity195 : @entity1017 in @entity75 @entity1 amounted to 64% ( @entity195 7%), @entity1735 craving was 79% (vs. 0%) and @entity146 64% (vs. 14%). The differences for these symptoms were statistically significant, whereas for the symptoms increased sexual drive (8 vs. 8%) and reduced sexual drive (54 vs. 23%) no significant difference could be found. In @entity75 the first symptoms were often dietary changes or hyposexuality. Compulsions were more bizarre and severely disabling in @entity75 than in @entity195 . Dietary changes, hyposexuality, and disabling @entity3119 are prominent early symptoms in @entity75 but not @entity195 . The cause of these symptoms may be due to both frontal and subcortical @entity750 loss and dysfunction of the anterior temporal lobes.

title: Dietary changes, XXXX and @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe dementia', 'FLD']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual drive, and compulsions']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain', 'weight gain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsions', 'hyposexuality, and compulsions']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['compulsions']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity1017 , sweet and @entity1735 craving, @entity3119 in @entity75 ( @entity75 ) compared to @entity195 ( @entity195 ) was evaluated. @entity75 is a progressive @entity303 with a high rate of misdiagnosis and therefore better diagnostic criteria for @entity75 are needed. Fourteen @entity1 meeting research criteria for @entity195 were compared to 14 with suspected @entity75 . All had cerebral perfusion measured with xenon-133 and imaged with HMPAO using brain-dedicated SPECT. The @entity75 group showed frontotemporal and @entity195 posterior temporoparietal hypoperfusion. The primary caregivers were queried regarding @entity1017 , sweet/ @entity1735 preference, @entity458 . Differences were compared with Fisher's exact test. The following was found in @entity75 versus @entity195 : @entity1017 in @entity75 @entity1 amounted to 64% ( @entity195 7%), @entity1735 craving was 79% (vs. 0%) and @entity146 64% (vs. 14%). The differences for these symptoms were statistically significant, whereas for the symptoms increased sexual drive (8 vs. 8%) and reduced sexual drive (54 vs. 23%) no significant difference could be found. In @entity75 the first symptoms were often dietary changes or hyposexuality. Compulsions were more bizarre and severely disabling in @entity75 than in @entity195 . Dietary changes, hyposexuality, and disabling @entity3119 are prominent early symptoms in @entity75 but not @entity195 . The cause of these symptoms may be due to both frontal and subcortical @entity750 loss and dysfunction of the anterior temporal lobes.

title: Dietary changes, @entity3119 and XXXX .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behavior in frontotemporal degeneration']


abstract: A 70-year-old female with inverted @entity1698 is presented. She was hospitalized because of asymptomatic macrohematuria. Excretory urography and retrograde pyelography demonstrated a filling defect with smooth contour at the mid-portion of the right ureter. Abdominal computer tomographic (CT) scan showed @entity66 (CT number 41) at the same portion as the filling defect. She was diagnosed as having an @entity5 and right nephroureterectomy was performed. The gross specimen contained a 24 X 12 mm, polypoid, pedunculated and smooth-surfaced @entity5 . Pathological diagnosis was @entity1179 . However, microscopic examination revealed a malignant finding corresponding to transitional cell @entity189 grade 1. From the Japanese and foreign literature, 25 cases of @entity1179 were collected and are reviewed. Clinical and pathological features are discussed.

title: [A case of inverted XXXX with malignant findings].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ureteral tumor']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papilloma', 'ureteral inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma of the ureter']

answer: @entity1698 :: (MESH:D014516,Disease) :: ['papilloma of the ureter']


abstract: @entity6323 ( @entity3181 ) is a rare cause of @entity3181 . When compared to the West, the incidence of @entity3181 was reported to be higher in the Orient, India and South Africa. From 1979 to 1993, 16 consecutive Chinese @entity1 (mean age 50 years) with @entity3181 were retrospectively evaluated. The diagnosis in these @entity3181 @entity1 was usually delayed with a mean lag time of 111 months. Most of the cases were detected by a delicate ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen. Segmental narrowing of the inferior vena cava in 11 @entity1 was the predominant type of @entity3181 , while five experienced a membranous obstructive type. Only one of five surgery-treated @entity1 had a post-operation survival > 5 years, while five out of the nine @entity1 who received conservative treatment still survived after a 6-15 year follow up. Two @entity1 received percutaneous angioplasty (PTA). One survived 4 years and the other expired 5 years after the PTA. Two @entity1 (12%) developed a @entity157 in their disease course, and the incidence was lower than in previous reports from Japan and South Africa. The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen in @entity3181 did not increase in our @entity1 compared with the general population. In conclusion, the inferior vena cava should be carefully evaluated in an ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen to increase the diagnosis rate of @entity3181 . Surgical intervention should be carefully justified according to the @entity1 's symptoms and signs, the types of obstructive lesions and the expertise of the surgeons.

title: XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['MOVC', 'Budd-Chiari syndrome']

answer: @entity6323 :: (MESH:C563013,Disease) :: ['Membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent research has shown significant variation in rates of computed tomography (CT) use among pediatric hospital @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for evaluation of head injured @entity1 . We examined the rates of CT use by individual @entity341 attending physicians for evaluation of head injured @entity1 in a pediatric hospital @entity341 . METHODS: We used an administrative database to identify @entity1 younger than 18 years evaluated for @entity542 from January 2011 through March 2013 at our @entity1 's hospital @entity341 , staffed by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship trained physicians and pediatricians. We excluded encounters with @entity130 team activation or previous head CT performed elsewhere. We excluded physicians whose @entity1 volume was less than 1 standard deviation below the group mean. RESULTS: After exclusions, we evaluated 5340 encounters for @entity542 by 27 @entity341 attending physicians. For individual physicians, CT rates ranged from 12.4% to 37.3%, with a mean group rate of 28.4%. Individual PEM physician CT rates ranged from 18.9% to 37.3%, versus 12.4% to 31.8% for pediatricians. Of the 1518 encounters in which CT was done, 128 (8.4%) had a @entity131 on CT, and 125 (8.2%) had a simple skull @entity174 without @entity131 on CT. @entity1 factors associated with CT use included age younger than 2 years, higher triage acuity, arrival time of 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM, hospital admission, and evaluation by a PEM physician. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians at our pediatric hospital @entity341 varied in the use of CT for the evaluation of head-injured @entity1 .

title: Variation in Computed Tomography Use for Evaluation of XXXX in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Injury']


abstract: This study aims to investigate changes in frequency, risk, and patterns of lower @entity130 due to vehicle and occupant parameters as a function of vehicle model year. From the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System, 10,988 observations were sampled and analyzed, representing 4.7 million belted drivers involved in frontal crashes for the years 1998-2010. A logistic regression model was developed to understand the association of sustaining knee and below knee lower @entity130 of moderate or greater severity with motor vehicle crash characteristics such as vehicle type and model years, toepan and instrument panel intrusions in addition to the occupant's age, gender, height and weight. Toepan intrusion greater than 2cm was significantly associated with an increased @entity130 (odds ratio: 9.10, 95% confidence interval 1.82-45.42). Females sustained a higher likelihood of distal lower @entity130 (OR: 6.83, 1.56-29.93) as compared to males. Increased mass of the driver was also found to have a positive association with injury (OR: 1.04, 1.02-1.06), while age and height were not associated with injury likelihood. Relative to passenger cars, vans exhibited a protective effect against sustaining @entity6250 (OR: 0.24, 0.07-0.78), whereas no association was shown for light trucks (OR: 1.31, 0.69-2.49) or SUVs (OR: 0.76, 0.28-2.02). To examine whether current crash testing results are representative of real-world NASS-CDS findings, data from frontal offset crash tests performed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) were examined. IIHS data indicated a decreasing trend in vehicle foot well and toepan intrusion, foot accelerations, tibia axial forces and tibia index in relation to increasing vehicle model year between the year 1995 and 2013. Over 90% of vehicles received the highest IIHS rating, with steady improvement from the upper and lower tibia index, tibia axial force and the resultant foot acceleration considering both left and right extremities. Passenger cars received the highest rating followed by SUVs and light trucks, while vans attained the lowest rating. These results demonstrate that while there has been steady improvement in vehicle crash test performance, below-knee lower @entity130 remain the most common @entity1984 2+ @entity131 .

title: Analysis of crash parameters and driver characteristics associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['injury in real-world frontal crashes']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extremity injuries', 'limb injuries', 'likelihood of injury']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb injury']


abstract: To find the best predictors of outcome for @entity1 undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) for @entity1455 , we prospectively studied 30 consecutive @entity1 by examining hemodynamic parameters and cardiac @entity880 extraction ratios before the procedure. 1 hour after and then every 6 hours for 3 days. Complete hemodynamic data were obtained from the recordings of Swan-Ganz catheterization. Blood samples were drawn from the peripheral artery, central vein, pulmonary artery wedge position (PAW) and right atrium (RA) to quantify @entity880 levels. The simplified @entity880 extraction ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity880 in RA--the concentration of @entity880 in PAW/the concentration of @entity880 in PAW. The traditional systemic @entity880 production ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity880 in the central vein--the concentration of @entity880 in the peripheral artery/the concentration of @entity880 in the peripheral artery. Of the 30 @entity1 studied, 19 died of @entity1455 , (group 1), while the surviving 11 @entity1 formed group 2. The @entity880 extraction ratios at each of the time periods after the procedure were all significantly different, while the differences in the systemic @entity880 production ratio and hemodynamic parameters, including the systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index and PAW pressure, became significant at varying times after IABP. In group 2, the @entity880 extraction ratios 1 hour after IABP and later were all significantly higher than at baseline. This trend was not seen in group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anaerobic metabolism in @entity1 undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: To find the best predictors of outcome for @entity1 undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) for @entity1455 , we prospectively studied 30 consecutive @entity1 by examining hemodynamic parameters and cardiac @entity880 extraction ratios before the procedure. 1 hour after and then every 6 hours for 3 days. Complete hemodynamic data were obtained from the recordings of Swan-Ganz catheterization. Blood samples were drawn from the peripheral artery, central vein, pulmonary artery wedge position (PAW) and right atrium (RA) to quantify @entity880 levels. The simplified @entity880 extraction ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity880 in RA--the concentration of @entity880 in PAW/the concentration of @entity880 in PAW. The traditional systemic @entity880 production ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity880 in the central vein--the concentration of @entity880 in the peripheral artery/the concentration of @entity880 in the peripheral artery. Of the 30 @entity1 studied, 19 died of @entity1455 , (group 1), while the surviving 11 @entity1 formed group 2. The @entity880 extraction ratios at each of the time periods after the procedure were all significantly different, while the differences in the systemic @entity880 production ratio and hemodynamic parameters, including the systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index and PAW pressure, became significant at varying times after IABP. In group 2, the @entity880 extraction ratios 1 hour after IABP and later were all significantly higher than at baseline. This trend was not seen in group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anaerobic metabolism in XXXX undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for @entity1455 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although epidemiological studies in shift workers and flight attendants have associated chronic @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) with @entity0 risk, causal evidence for this association is lacking. Several scenarios have been proposed to contribute to the shift work- @entity5 connection: (1) internal desynchronization, (2) light at night (resulting in @entity2493 suppression), (3) sleep disruption, (4) lifestyle disturbances, and (5) decreased @entity560 levels due to lack of sunlight. The confounders inherent in @entity1 field studies are less problematic in animal studies, which are therefore a good approach to assess the causal relation between circadian disturbance and @entity5 . However, the experimental conditions of many of these animal studies were far from the reality of @entity1 shift workers. For example, some involved xenografts (addressing @entity5 growth rather than @entity5 ), chemically induced @entity5 models, or continuous bright light exposure, which can lead to suppression of circadian rhythmicity. Here, we have exposed @entity0 -prone @entity899 ( @entity73158 /+)WAPCre conditional mutant @entity19 (in a FVB genetic background) to chronic @entity1442 by subjecting them to a weekly alternating light-dark (LD) cycle throughout their life. Animals exposed to the weekly LD inversions showed a decrease in @entity5 suppression. In addition, these animals showed an increase in body weight. Importantly, this study provides the first experimental proof that @entity1442 increases @entity0 development. Finally, our data suggest internal desynchronization and @entity25 as mechanisms linking shift work with @entity5 development and @entity28 .

title: Chronically Alternating Light Cycles Increase Breast Cancer Risk in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'increased breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer initiation and/or progression', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['circadian rhythm disturbance', 'CRD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: @entity219 , an essential trace element, is involved in many important physiological processes. Cell responses to @entity219 stress show time-dependent effects besides concentration-dependence and tissue-specificity. Herein, we investigated the time-dependent differential expression of the proteome in A549 cells after administered with @entity5937 for both 9 and 24 h using 2DE. 123 differentially expressed protein spots were detected, most of which were up-regulated by @entity8862 treatment. Interestingly, 49 proteins exhibited significant differential expression repeatedly during these two treatment periods, and moreover showed a conserved change with different ratios and four time-dependent expression patterns. Pattern 1 (up-regulated with rapid initial induction and subsequent repression) and pattern 4 (down-regulated with steady repression) were the predominant expression patterns. The abundances of the proteins in patterns 1 and 4 after 24 h of @entity219 treatment are always lower than that after 9 h, indicating that exogenous @entity219 reduced the expression of proteins in cells after 24 h or longer. Importantly, these findings could also reflect the central challenge in detecting @entity219 homeostasis proteins by 2DE or other high throughput analytical methods resulting from slight variation in protein expression after certain durations of exogenous @entity219 treatment and/or low inherent protein content in cells. These time-dependent proteome expression patterns were further validated by measuring dynamic changes in protein content in cells and in expression of two proteins using the Bradford method and western blotting, respectively. The time-dependent changes in total @entity219 and free @entity8862 ion contents in cells were measured using ICP- @entity15 and confocal microscopy, respectively. The kinetic process of @entity219 homeostasis regulated by muffling was further revealed. In addition, we identified 50 differentially expressed proteins which are predominantly involved in metabolic process, cellular process or developmental process, and function as binding, catalytic activity or structural molecule activity. This study further elucidates our understanding of dynamic nature of the cellular response to @entity219 stress and the mechanism of @entity219 homeostasis.

title: The Kinetic Response of the Proteome in A549 Cells Exposed to XXXX Stress.

answer: @entity5937 :: (CHEBI:35176,Chemical) :: ['ZnSO4']


abstract: We here report fourteen @entity1 diagnosed as @entity11533 ( @entity11533 ) in our hospital. Seven @entity1 were males (mean age at onset was 26.6 years), and seven were females (30.6 years). All of the cases had spiking fever ( > 39 degrees C) and joint symptoms. @entity382 , @entity381 , and @entity3329 were noted in 50% of the @entity1 , respectively. @entity272 was seen in twelve @entity1 (85.7%). Among them, nine @entity1 (64.3%) exhibited @entity1910 . @entity5641 or @entity2396 was seen in one case each. Only one @entity1 revealed @entity16 . @entity490 was present in 50% of the cases. The ratio of occurrence of secondary @entity2783 was 14.3%. Four @entity1 (28.6%) were diagnosed to have the apophyseal narrowing at the cervical spine (C2-C3). Two @entity1 (14.3%) accompanied by Sj  gren's syndrome were @entity1 over 40 years of age. The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor were significantly elevated in the sera obtained from seven @entity1 with @entity11533 and four @entity1 with @entity4932 , compared with normal controls. It seems to support the notion that immunopathologic processes via T cell activation play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity11533 .

title: [Clinical studies on 14 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["adult-onset Still's disease", 'AOSD']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['typical rash']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['Pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ["juvenile-onset Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin eruption']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity11533 :: (MESH:D016706,Disease) :: ['adult-onset Still's disease']


abstract: We examined proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells in 10 day mixed culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects with irradiated bone @entity236 cells (BMMC) with @entity1582 . In culture, NK cells increased with 9.5-fold. However, no increase was observed in T cells. The NK cell proliferating activity of PBMC stimulated with BMMC was higher than that of @entity1199 . NK cells at a purity of 90% or higher purity were collected from 10 day culture. Proliferation of these NK cells was stimulated by the addition of @entity1199 but was suppressed by the addition of antibody coated erythrocyte (EA). @entity379 production was negligible in cultures of these NK cells alone but was marked in cultures with EA stimulate @entity379 production. Next, the NK cell obtained as above showed marked NK activity against K 562 cells, and this activity was further enhanced by the addition of @entity1199 . Also, while NK cells, these NK cells had some activity against Daudi cells and it was enhanced by the addition of @entity1199 . These results also suggest the presence of unknown cytokines with NK cell proliferating activities in the bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: [Preferential proliferation of natural killer cells with bone @entity236 cells in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow mononuclear']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: We examined proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells in 10 day mixed culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects with irradiated bone @entity236 cells (BMMC) with @entity1582 . In culture, NK cells increased with 9.5-fold. However, no increase was observed in T cells. The NK cell proliferating activity of PBMC stimulated with BMMC was higher than that of @entity1199 . NK cells at a purity of 90% or higher purity were collected from 10 day culture. Proliferation of these NK cells was stimulated by the addition of @entity1199 but was suppressed by the addition of antibody coated erythrocyte (EA). @entity379 production was negligible in cultures of these NK cells alone but was marked in cultures with EA stimulate @entity379 production. Next, the NK cell obtained as above showed marked NK activity against K 562 cells, and this activity was further enhanced by the addition of @entity1199 . Also, while NK cells, these NK cells had some activity against Daudi cells and it was enhanced by the addition of @entity1199 . These results also suggest the presence of unknown cytokines with NK cell proliferating activities in the bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: [Preferential proliferation of natural killer cells with bone XXXX cells in @entity1582 ].

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow mononuclear']


abstract: NK and LAK activities of a @entity1 who recovered from @entity150 were determined. He was diagnosed in 1980 and operations, radiations and chemotherapies were repeated until 1986. Since 1987, a relapse has not been recognized, and he is now in a @entity5 free state. Recently, his very high NK and LAK activities were found. The percentage of @entity4071 + in his peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was 52.9%, the @entity404 - @entity405 - @entity4071 + was 26.6% (17.5% and 12.1% in control, respectively). It seems likely that his @entity5 free condition may be related to these high killer activities. As a high number of @entity404 - @entity405 - cells were included in his PBL, it was possible to generate a @entity404 - @entity405 (-)-LAK and compare it with the @entity10086 . The @entity404 - @entity405 (-)-LAK exhibited higher killer activity which was maintained for a long period of the culture, and a strong adherence property against the cultured @entity5 cells. Whereas, the @entity10086 did not show such a high level of killer activity which decreased after two weeks into the culture. However, the @entity10086 in this @entity1 demonstrated higher killer activity against the auto- @entity5 cell line compared to what occurred with the control. A type of specific killing against auto- @entity5 cells may be contained in his @entity405 (+)-LAK, although the MHC-restrictive killing was not confirmed. It remains unclear why the killer activities increased in this @entity1 .

title: [Natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities of a @entity1 recovered from XXXX , and the characteristics of LAK cells generated from lymphocyte subsets].

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: NK and LAK activities of a @entity1 who recovered from @entity150 were determined. He was diagnosed in 1980 and operations, radiations and chemotherapies were repeated until 1986. Since 1987, a relapse has not been recognized, and he is now in a @entity5 free state. Recently, his very high NK and LAK activities were found. The percentage of @entity4071 + in his peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was 52.9%, the @entity404 - @entity405 - @entity4071 + was 26.6% (17.5% and 12.1% in control, respectively). It seems likely that his @entity5 free condition may be related to these high killer activities. As a high number of @entity404 - @entity405 - cells were included in his PBL, it was possible to generate a @entity404 - @entity405 (-)-LAK and compare it with the @entity10086 . The @entity404 - @entity405 (-)-LAK exhibited higher killer activity which was maintained for a long period of the culture, and a strong adherence property against the cultured @entity5 cells. Whereas, the @entity10086 did not show such a high level of killer activity which decreased after two weeks into the culture. However, the @entity10086 in this @entity1 demonstrated higher killer activity against the auto- @entity5 cell line compared to what occurred with the control. A type of specific killing against auto- @entity5 cells may be contained in his @entity405 (+)-LAK, although the MHC-restrictive killing was not confirmed. It remains unclear why the killer activities increased in this @entity1 .

title: [Natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities of a XXXX recovered from @entity150 , and the characteristics of LAK cells generated from lymphocyte subsets].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The object of this study was to ascertain the frequency of postinfectious @entity291 's milk protein hypersensitivity (CMPH). Twenty-four @entity1 less than 3 months old were included in the study. Following hospitalization for @entity697 , the @entity1 were given a protein hydrolysate formula for a period of 6 weeks, after which an intestinal biopsy was performed. Thereafter, a milk challenge was given. The existence of CMPH was defined as a postchallenge reduction of one or more of the mucosal disaccharidases below the normal levels for our laboratory. A bacterial etiology of the @entity1902 was found in 10. Nineteen @entity1 had no adverse reaction to @entity291 's milk after 6 weeks on a hypoallergenic formula. Only two could be confidently diagnosed as having developed secondary CMPH; both had been infected by @entity526 0 111. One @entity1 had primary CMPH and one extra-intestinal CMPH. The incidence of secondary CMPH with gastrointestinal manifestations in this series was considerably less than described elsewhere.

title: Prevalence of postenteritis XXXX 's milk protein intolerance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: We report our early experience with mini-laparotomy staging pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for clinically localized @entity263 . We have used virtually the same original technique described by Steiner and Marshall. A 5 cm lower midline abdominal incision provides excellent exposure, allowing complete PLND under direct visualization. If radical retropubic prostatectomy is indicated by the state of the pelvic lymph nodes, this can be performed only by extending the same incision. Nine @entity1 with histologically proven @entity263 underwent mini-laparotomy staging PLND. The average intraoperative time for mini-laparotomy PLND was 33 minutes (range, 25-50 minutes). The intraoperative @entity190 was 44 ml (range, 20-90 ml). The mean number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was 6.9 (range, 5-10 nodes) on the right and 10.8 (range, 8-21 nodes) on the left. Eight @entity1 underwent immediate radical retropubic prostatectomy and one had radiation therapy. There were no complications directly related to the mini-laparotomy staging PLND. Mini-laparotomy staging PLND is an attractive alternative to laparoscopic PLND, especially for @entity1 at low risk of lymph node @entity3 .

title: Mini-laparotomy staging pelvic lymph node dissection for localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Serum of normal volunteers and serum of @entity302 @entity1 receiving either a single drug or combined antiepileptic therapy with @entity3174 ( @entity15068 ); @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ); @entity8821 (Prim); Phenobarbital (Phb) were examined and showed: No differences with regard to total proteins, albumins and A/G ratio. The alpha 1-globulin fraction increased to 4.4% with @entity15068 / @entity2050 (P less than 0.001) and decreased to 1.7% with @entity15068 /Prim = (P less than 0.001). The alpha 2-globulins corresponded to 7.2% (P less than 0.001) with @entity15068 /Prim and 15.5% (P less than 0.001) with @entity15068 /Phb treatments. beta-Globulins decreased to 7.1% (P less than 0.05) when received @entity15068 /Phb treatment. Low concentrations of serum gamma-Globulins were found in Phb (P less than 0.001), Prim (P less than 0.001, @entity15068 (P less than 0.001) treated @entity1 . However, with @entity2050 , @entity15068 /Phb, @entity15068 /Prim this electrophoretic fraction remained within the upper range of normal. IgA of @entity1 treated with @entity15068 showed a mean of 60 mg/dl. Those @entity1 with @entity15068 serum levels below or above 12-20 micrograms/ml remained normal. Prim and Phb treatment also decreased IgA. IgD was normal in @entity1 treated with @entity15068 /Prim. Alterations of immune humoral responses to all antiepileptic drugs were found.

title: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on concentration of serum proteins and immunoglobulins of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['Primidone']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: Serum of normal volunteers and serum of @entity302 @entity1 receiving either a single drug or combined antiepileptic therapy with @entity3174 ( @entity15068 ); @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ); @entity8821 (Prim); Phenobarbital (Phb) were examined and showed: No differences with regard to total proteins, albumins and A/G ratio. The alpha 1-globulin fraction increased to 4.4% with @entity15068 / @entity2050 (P less than 0.001) and decreased to 1.7% with @entity15068 /Prim = (P less than 0.001). The alpha 2-globulins corresponded to 7.2% (P less than 0.001) with @entity15068 /Prim and 15.5% (P less than 0.001) with @entity15068 /Phb treatments. beta-Globulins decreased to 7.1% (P less than 0.05) when received @entity15068 /Phb treatment. Low concentrations of serum gamma-Globulins were found in Phb (P less than 0.001), Prim (P less than 0.001, @entity15068 (P less than 0.001) treated @entity1 . However, with @entity2050 , @entity15068 /Phb, @entity15068 /Prim this electrophoretic fraction remained within the upper range of normal. IgA of @entity1 treated with @entity15068 showed a mean of 60 mg/dl. Those @entity1 with @entity15068 serum levels below or above 12-20 micrograms/ml remained normal. Prim and Phb treatment also decreased IgA. IgD was normal in @entity1 treated with @entity15068 /Prim. Alterations of immune humoral responses to all antiepileptic drugs were found.

title: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on concentration of serum proteins and immunoglobulins of @entity302 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Loss of epithelioid organization in @entity189 cell lines has been related to @entity3 . We investigated the invasion in vitro of various @entity1 @entity694 cell lines. Most cell lines were noninvasive into @entity1573 heart fragments, and this correlated with an epithelioid morphotype. Only cell lines COLO320DM, SW620, and variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 were invasive and nonepithelioid. We examined in these cell lines whether invasiveness was related to changes in the structure and function of the @entity5962 /catenin complex. @entity5962 functions as an invasion suppressor and as a cell-cell adhesion molecule when linked to the cytoskeleton via @entity19207 plus beta- or gamma-catenin. All noninvasive cell lines showed @entity5962 linked to these catenins. The @entity5962 -dependent cell-cell adhesion function in these cell lines was demonstrated by two assays in vitro. It was interesting that all invasive cell lines showed a dysfunctional @entity5962 /catenin complex. COLO320DM, SW480, and SW620 cells were defective in @entity5962 expression, whereas the invasive variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 lacked the @entity19207 protein. From clonal epithelioid HCT-8 cultures with functional @entity5962 /catenin complexes, we subcloned, repeatedly, round cell variants that were again invasive and expressed no @entity19207 protein. Our data suggest that reproducible transformations toward a more invasive phenotype in HCT-8 cells are associated with down-regulation of @entity19207 . The mechanisms of this transformation and the level of @entity19207 down-regulation are currently investigated.

title: Transition from the noninvasive to the invasive phenotype and loss of @entity19207 in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasiveness and poor differentiation of tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Loss of epithelioid organization in @entity189 cell lines has been related to @entity3 . We investigated the invasion in vitro of various @entity1 @entity694 cell lines. Most cell lines were noninvasive into @entity1573 heart fragments, and this correlated with an epithelioid morphotype. Only cell lines COLO320DM, SW620, and variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 were invasive and nonepithelioid. We examined in these cell lines whether invasiveness was related to changes in the structure and function of the @entity5962 /catenin complex. @entity5962 functions as an invasion suppressor and as a cell-cell adhesion molecule when linked to the cytoskeleton via @entity19207 plus beta- or gamma-catenin. All noninvasive cell lines showed @entity5962 linked to these catenins. The @entity5962 -dependent cell-cell adhesion function in these cell lines was demonstrated by two assays in vitro. It was interesting that all invasive cell lines showed a dysfunctional @entity5962 /catenin complex. COLO320DM, SW480, and SW620 cells were defective in @entity5962 expression, whereas the invasive variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 lacked the @entity19207 protein. From clonal epithelioid HCT-8 cultures with functional @entity5962 /catenin complexes, we subcloned, repeatedly, round cell variants that were again invasive and expressed no @entity19207 protein. Our data suggest that reproducible transformations toward a more invasive phenotype in HCT-8 cells are associated with down-regulation of @entity19207 . The mechanisms of this transformation and the level of @entity19207 down-regulation are currently investigated.

title: Transition from the noninvasive to the invasive phenotype and loss of XXXX in @entity1 @entity694 cells.

answer: @entity19207 :: (1495,Gene) :: ['alpha-catenin']


abstract: Loss of epithelioid organization in @entity189 cell lines has been related to @entity3 . We investigated the invasion in vitro of various @entity1 @entity694 cell lines. Most cell lines were noninvasive into @entity1573 heart fragments, and this correlated with an epithelioid morphotype. Only cell lines COLO320DM, SW620, and variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 were invasive and nonepithelioid. We examined in these cell lines whether invasiveness was related to changes in the structure and function of the @entity5962 /catenin complex. @entity5962 functions as an invasion suppressor and as a cell-cell adhesion molecule when linked to the cytoskeleton via @entity19207 plus beta- or gamma-catenin. All noninvasive cell lines showed @entity5962 linked to these catenins. The @entity5962 -dependent cell-cell adhesion function in these cell lines was demonstrated by two assays in vitro. It was interesting that all invasive cell lines showed a dysfunctional @entity5962 /catenin complex. COLO320DM, SW480, and SW620 cells were defective in @entity5962 expression, whereas the invasive variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 lacked the @entity19207 protein. From clonal epithelioid HCT-8 cultures with functional @entity5962 /catenin complexes, we subcloned, repeatedly, round cell variants that were again invasive and expressed no @entity19207 protein. Our data suggest that reproducible transformations toward a more invasive phenotype in HCT-8 cells are associated with down-regulation of @entity19207 . The mechanisms of this transformation and the level of @entity19207 down-regulation are currently investigated.

title: Transition from the noninvasive to the invasive phenotype and loss of @entity19207 in XXXX @entity694 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Our results strongly indicate that integrin mediated adhesion between metastasizing @entity5 cells and hepatocytes has a decisive role in the formation of liver metastases. However, it is also clear that @entity5 cells may use different adhesion pathways and furthermore that the adhesion may be modulated by several factors. The role of adhesion has been demonstrated most clearly for @entity1453 on T cell hybridomas, which interacts with @entity2071 present in the liver. Alternative pathways must exist, however, given the high invasive capacity of ESb cells, which is apparently @entity1453 independent. A possible alternative is adhesion to fibronectin, which is present in abundance on the hepatocyte surface, both in vivo and in vitro. As there is no basement membrane under the endothelium of liver microvessels, so that @entity5 cells cannot adhere to laminin and collagen type IV as in other organs, adhesion to this fibronectin may be particularly important for @entity3 to the liver. Many @entity5 types can use this pathway, and many different fibronectin receptors may be involved, including VLA-4, @entity16445 and several alpha V integrins. For @entity189 there is another possibility: Fibronectin receptor deficient cells may still adhere using the integrin alpha 6 beta 4, which binds to an unknown ligand present on the hepatocyte surface. Modulation of adhesion can occur in several ways. One example is steric hindrance by mucins that may strongly affect and even abrogate adhesion, despite high levels of appropriate integrins. Another is the activation required for integrins on @entity706 cells, the best known example of which is the activation of @entity1453 on T cell hybridomas. It will be evident, therefore, that the role of adhesion in the formation of liver metastases can only be fully understood if the complete set of adhesion molecules on the @entity5 cells is known as well as their functional status and the possible effects of both cellular and extracellular modulating factors.

title: Adhesion mechanisms in liver XXXX formation.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The product of six @entity717 were collected from one @entity1 (consuming a normal western diet) over a period of 5 months. Aqueous faecal extracts were prepared (0.75 g wet wt./ml water) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Graded doses were assayed aerobically and anaerobically for mutagenicity in replicate microtitre fluctuation tests employing @entity3793 reversion in @entity2491 TA100 and @entity2340 reversion in @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101), and in aerobic SOS Chromotests, using @entity526 PQ37. The @entity3793 and @entity2340 content of each extract was determined by (i) pre-column derivatisation with @entity20720 followed by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and (ii) by aerobic and anaerobic bioassays employing appropriate auxotrophic strains of @entity2491 and @entity526 . All six faecal samples contained enough @entity3793 and @entity2340 or their precursors to compromise the interpretation of fluctuation tests. The h.p.l.c. technique, though quantitatively detecting free @entity2340 added to faecal extracts, did not account for growth-enhancing effects of faecal extracts detected by bioassay using bacteria with a requirement for @entity2340 . However, h.p.l.c. detected @entity3793 more efficiently than bioassays. A combination of reconstruction experiments and bioassays enabled construction of 'growth windows' within which, in fluctuation tests, dose-related increases in numbers of positive wells could be ascribed to mutation rather than to feeding of auxotrophic bacteria. Under aerobic conditions of extraction and assay, five out of six samples were mutagenic to @entity2491 TA100, and all six were mutagenic to @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101). None of the samples extracted and assayed anaerobically was mutagenic to @entity2491 , but all six were positive in @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101). There was an increase both in faecal @entity3793 and @entity2340 and in mutagenicity during the period of collection, the association between faecal @entity2340 and faecal mutagenicity being statistically significant. All the samples were negative in the SOS Chromotests. We conclude that this donor regularly excretes faeces which contain at least two classes of water-soluble directly-acting mutagens which are not detected in SOS Chromotest at doses five times those giving positive effects in fluctuation tests.

title: Further studies on the detection of mutagenic and genotoxic activity in XXXX faeces: aerobic and anaerobic fluctuation tests with @entity2491 and @entity526 , and the SOS Chromotest.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity20720 :: ('MESH:D009764', 'Chemical') :: ['o-phthaldialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['complete bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The product of six @entity717 were collected from one @entity1 (consuming a normal western diet) over a period of 5 months. Aqueous faecal extracts were prepared (0.75 g wet wt./ml water) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Graded doses were assayed aerobically and anaerobically for mutagenicity in replicate microtitre fluctuation tests employing @entity3793 reversion in @entity2491 TA100 and @entity2340 reversion in @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101), and in aerobic SOS Chromotests, using @entity526 PQ37. The @entity3793 and @entity2340 content of each extract was determined by (i) pre-column derivatisation with @entity20720 followed by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and (ii) by aerobic and anaerobic bioassays employing appropriate auxotrophic strains of @entity2491 and @entity526 . All six faecal samples contained enough @entity3793 and @entity2340 or their precursors to compromise the interpretation of fluctuation tests. The h.p.l.c. technique, though quantitatively detecting free @entity2340 added to faecal extracts, did not account for growth-enhancing effects of faecal extracts detected by bioassay using bacteria with a requirement for @entity2340 . However, h.p.l.c. detected @entity3793 more efficiently than bioassays. A combination of reconstruction experiments and bioassays enabled construction of 'growth windows' within which, in fluctuation tests, dose-related increases in numbers of positive wells could be ascribed to mutation rather than to feeding of auxotrophic bacteria. Under aerobic conditions of extraction and assay, five out of six samples were mutagenic to @entity2491 TA100, and all six were mutagenic to @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101). None of the samples extracted and assayed anaerobically was mutagenic to @entity2491 , but all six were positive in @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101). There was an increase both in faecal @entity3793 and @entity2340 and in mutagenicity during the period of collection, the association between faecal @entity2340 and faecal mutagenicity being statistically significant. All the samples were negative in the SOS Chromotests. We conclude that this donor regularly excretes faeces which contain at least two classes of water-soluble directly-acting mutagens which are not detected in SOS Chromotest at doses five times those giving positive effects in fluctuation tests.

title: Further studies on the detection of mutagenic and genotoxic activity in @entity1 faeces: aerobic and anaerobic fluctuation tests with @entity2491 and XXXX , and the SOS Chromotest.

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: The product of six @entity717 were collected from one @entity1 (consuming a normal western diet) over a period of 5 months. Aqueous faecal extracts were prepared (0.75 g wet wt./ml water) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Graded doses were assayed aerobically and anaerobically for mutagenicity in replicate microtitre fluctuation tests employing @entity3793 reversion in @entity2491 TA100 and @entity2340 reversion in @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101), and in aerobic SOS Chromotests, using @entity526 PQ37. The @entity3793 and @entity2340 content of each extract was determined by (i) pre-column derivatisation with @entity20720 followed by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and (ii) by aerobic and anaerobic bioassays employing appropriate auxotrophic strains of @entity2491 and @entity526 . All six faecal samples contained enough @entity3793 and @entity2340 or their precursors to compromise the interpretation of fluctuation tests. The h.p.l.c. technique, though quantitatively detecting free @entity2340 added to faecal extracts, did not account for growth-enhancing effects of faecal extracts detected by bioassay using bacteria with a requirement for @entity2340 . However, h.p.l.c. detected @entity3793 more efficiently than bioassays. A combination of reconstruction experiments and bioassays enabled construction of 'growth windows' within which, in fluctuation tests, dose-related increases in numbers of positive wells could be ascribed to mutation rather than to feeding of auxotrophic bacteria. Under aerobic conditions of extraction and assay, five out of six samples were mutagenic to @entity2491 TA100, and all six were mutagenic to @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101). None of the samples extracted and assayed anaerobically was mutagenic to @entity2491 , but all six were positive in @entity526 WP2uvrA(pKM101). There was an increase both in faecal @entity3793 and @entity2340 and in mutagenicity during the period of collection, the association between faecal @entity2340 and faecal mutagenicity being statistically significant. All the samples were negative in the SOS Chromotests. We conclude that this donor regularly excretes faeces which contain at least two classes of water-soluble directly-acting mutagens which are not detected in SOS Chromotest at doses five times those giving positive effects in fluctuation tests.

title: Further studies on the detection of mutagenic and genotoxic activity in @entity1 faeces: aerobic and anaerobic fluctuation tests with XXXX and @entity526 , and the SOS Chromotest.

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['S. typhimurium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sex hormones are physiological factors that promote neurogenesis during embryonic and fetal development. During childhood and adulthood these hormones support the maintenance of brain structure and function via neurogenesis and the formation of dendritic spines, axons and synapses required for the capture, processing and retrieval of information (memories). Not surprisingly, changes in these reproductive hormones with menopause and during andropause are strongly correlated with @entity179 and @entity73 . In this connection, much evidence now indicates that @entity195 ( @entity195 ) involves aberrant re-entry of post-mitotic neurons into the cell cycle. Cell cycle abnormalities appear very early in the disease, prior to the appearance of plaques and tangles, and explain the biochemical, neuropathological and cognitive changes observed with disease progression. Intriguingly, a recent animal study has demonstrated that induction of adult neurogenesis results in the loss of previously encoded memories while decreasing neurogenesis after memory formation during infancy mitigated forgetting. Since sex hormones control neuron proliferation and differentiation, here we review the biochemical, epidemiological and clinical evidence that alterations in endocrine signaling with menopause and andropause drive the aberrant re-entry of post-mitotic neurons into an abortive cell cycle with neurite retraction that leads to @entity528 and @entity204 . When the reproductive axis is in balance, gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH), and its fetal homolog, @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), promote pluripotent @entity1 and totipotent @entity19 embryonic stem cell and neuron proliferation. However, strong evidence supports menopausal/andropausal elevations in the LH:sex @entity230 ratio as driving aberrant mitotic events mediated by the upregulation of @entity5 @entity39 factor, amyloid-b precursor protein processing towards the production of mitogenic Ab, and the activation of @entity22445 , a key regulator of cell cycle progression and tau phosphorylation (a cardinal feature of both neurogenesis and @entity179 ). Cognitive and biochemical studies confirm the negative consequences of a high LH:sex @entity479 ratio on dendritic spine density and @entity1 cognitive performance. Prospective epidemiological and clinical evidence in @entity1 supports rebalancing the ratio of circulating gonadotropins:sex @entity230 in reducing the incidence of @entity195 . Together, these data support endocrine @entity1581 and the subsequent loss of cell cycle control as an important etiological event in the development of @entity179 including @entity195 , @entity64 and @entity191 .

title: The Endocrine Dyscrasia that Accompanies Menopause and Andropause Induces Aberrant Cell Cycle Signaling that Triggers Re-entry of Post-mitotic Neurons into the Cell Cycle, Neurodysfunction, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron dysfunction']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between speech intensity and self-ratings of communicative effectiveness in speakers with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and hypophonia. An additional purpose was to evaluate if self-ratings of communicative effectiveness made by @entity1 with @entity191 differed from ratings made by primary communication partners. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity191 and 15 healthy older adults completed the Communication Effectiveness Survey. Thirty primary communication partners rated the communicative effectiveness of his/her partner with @entity191 . Speech intensity was calculated for @entity1 with @entity191 and control @entity1 based on conversational utterances. RESULTS: Results revealed significant differences between groups in conversational speech intensity (p=.001). @entity1 with @entity191 self-rated communicative effectiveness significantly lower than control @entity1 (p=.000). Correlational analyses revealed a small but non-significant relationship between speech intensity and communicative effectiveness for @entity1 with @entity191 (r=0.298, p=.110) and control @entity1 (r=0.327, p=.234). Self-ratings of communicative effectiveness made @entity1 with @entity191 was not significantly different than ratings made by primary communication partners (p=.20). CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining information on communicative effectiveness may help to broaden outcome measurement and may aid in the provision of educational strategies. Findings also suggest that communicative effectiveness may be a separate and a distinct construct that cannot necessarily be predicted from the severity of hypophonia.

title: Examining the relationship between speech intensity and self-rated communicative effectiveness in individuals with XXXX and hypophonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and @entity64 ( @entity64 ) are reported to occur due to @entity715 on the arteries of the brain. As @entity6 is a risk factor for @entity64 and insulin is reported to prevent @entity715 , the role of insulin in @entity385 and @entity64 was investigated. Forty eight @entity64 victims ( @entity385  =  22, @entity64  =  26) and equal number of aged and sex matched normal volunteers participated in the study. @entity842 was determined by methemoglobin method. Insulin and Dermcidin isoform-2 (DCN2) level was determined by ELISA by using insulin and dermcidin antibody. Insulin binding to the platelet membrane was analyzed by scat chard plot. Treatment of normal platelet rich plasma (10(8)platelets/ml) with 15 Units insulin/ml produced 1.41  nmol NO. The @entity21652 from the @entity385 and @entity64 victims produced 0.38  nmol NO and 0.08  nmol NO respectively. Pretreatment of @entity21652 from @entity385 or @entity64 subjects with 15   M @entity117 followed by 15 Units of insulin/ml resensitized the platelets to the inhibitory effect of insulin. @entity19 hepatocytes treated with 0.14   M DCN2 abolished the @entity413 induced insulin synthesis by NO that can be reversed by using 15   M @entity117 . It can be concluded that presence of DCN2 in @entity64 causes a condition similar to @entity1723 and nullified the effect of insulin in the inhibition of @entity1423 in both @entity385 and @entity64 . The effect was reversed by 15   M @entity117 .

title: The impaired synthesis of insulin and its inability to inhibit XXXX in cerebrovascular accident.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'HS', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'IS']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This report describes the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the first case of a @entity652 ( @entity652 ) of the urinary bladder infected with polyomavirus. The findings occurred in a female @entity1 , 6 months post cadaveric renal transplant. Voided urine cytology was positive for decoy cells. Renal transplant biopsy showed no evidence of @entity8999 allograft @entity8 . Cystoscopy demonstrated multiple erythematous patchy and nodular areas. These were found in the left and right posterior wall, and the right lateral wall toward the bladder neck, and were suspicious for either @entity32 or @entity5 . @entity1710 - @entity1711 stained sections showed a @entity652 with scattered pleomorphic nuclei demonstrating smudged chromatin and amorphous basophilic ground glass inclusions. Strong expression of polyomavirus large T antigen (SV40) and VP1 was seen in atypical lesional cells, consistent with cytopathic @entity6060 . Positive staining with @entity15529 supports the renal cell derivation of @entity652 . The findings in the present case suggest that @entity6060 , as an irritant of the bladder mucosa, contributed to the cytologic atypia of infected lesional cells but is not a pathogenic factor of @entity652 .

title: XXXX -infected nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder in a renal transplant recipient: A case report.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity6060 :: ('MESH:D027601', 'Disease') :: ['polyomavirus infection', 'lytic polyomavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic adenoma', 'NA']

answer: @entity8999 :: (10629,Species) :: ['BK polyomavirus']


abstract: @entity1 @entity683 is primarily an infection of the upper respiratory tract and central airways. The interferon (IFN) system appears to have a role in limiting viral spread and initiating recovery before the development of T-cell and B-cell responses in @entity281 . All cellular responses to IFNs result from interaction with cell surface receptors that trigger the expression of a number of cellular genes. Among the IFN-inducible gene products, the Mx proteins have attracted much attention because they have potential activity against @entity683 virus and possibly against other viruses. Mx proteins are @entity3007 ( @entity3007 )-binding proteins with intrinsic GTPase activity. They seem to act indirectly against viruses by modifying cellular functions needed along the viral replication pathway. In @entity19 the Mx1 protein has been shown to be necessary and sufficient to protect against @entity778 because the resistance does not require a functioning immune system. In @entity1 the @entity13434 protein has antiviral activities against @entity683 viruses. The @entity13434 protein is encoded on the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 21 together with several other proteins implicated in the IFN system. @entity1 with @entity1467 (trisomy 21) have an increased expression of @entity13434 protein, and their cells display an increased sensitivity to IFNs in vitro because of gene dosage effects. These @entity1 , however, are more susceptible to upper @entity1729 than normal individuals. This susceptibility has been related to @entity1200 . Therefore, induction of @entity13434 in @entity1 does not sem sufficient to prevent @entity683 spreading, and, in contrast to the @entity19 Mx system, a functioning immune system is necessary for protection.

title: Interferons, Mx genes, and resistance to XXXX virus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'Human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine triphosphate', 'GTP']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in the immune system']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']