abstract: BACKGROUND: Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease is a chronically progressing @entity66 . The underlying disease mechanism is an obliterative @entity1333 of unknown etiology. Main clinical symptoms are @entity7809 and intraocular @entity32 . Additionally, cutaneous, @entity65 manifestations may be observed. Diagnosis is based on clinical features since currently no specific laboratory tests or pathognomonic histopathological features are available. Ocular changes may provide important diagnostic clues to the @entity262 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a retrospective fashion 196 @entity1 of the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Erlangen-N  rnberg between 1988 and 1998 with @entity4816 seen by fluorescence angiography were evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria of the "Beh  et's Disease Research Committee of Japan". RESULTS: Among 196 @entity1 there were 12 @entity1 with Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease. Apart from @entity4816 , angiographic features included capillary dropout in 64% (9/14), swelling of the optic disc in 79% (11/14) and irregularly delayed @entity18773 of choriocapillaris in the early phase of fluorescence angiography in 43% (6/14) of eyes. There was no statistically significant relationship between severity of the @entity74 and the activity of the @entity2194 . CONCLUSION: Apart from @entity4816 , 43% of eyes in @entity1 with Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease presented a delayed @entity3193 in fluorescence angiography as a sign of @entity432 . We observed leakage of @entity941 from the optic disc, which could be due to a secondary inflammation of the ciliary circulation. Inflammatory involvement predominantly of choroidal vessels, as visualized in fluorescence angiography, may be a diagnostic lead in Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease.

title: [Adamantiadis-Beh  et syndrome: XXXX angiography and choroid ischemia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['oral and genital aphthous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal filling']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal involvement of occlusive vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity18773 :: ('MESH:C535358', 'Disease') :: ['areolar filling']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid, neural, gastrointestinal, or cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: The enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells is a typical feature of @entity1576 . The mechanism or mechanisms leading to abnormal epithelial proliferation remain unclear. Overexpression of growth factors and their receptors and @entity5 -suppressor proteins are known to cause cell transformation and proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of these factors in juvenile @entity1576 with correlation to cellular proliferation activity, and to determine whether such expression is associated with the clinical course of the disease. The expression of @entity310 , @entity470 , @entity876 protein, @entity995 proteins and Ki-67 was quantified by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens taken at the initial surgical excision from @entity1 in whom @entity1724 was diagnosed. Clinical information regarding the number of disease sites, tracheobronchial spread, malignant transformation, and frequency of recurrences was reviewed. Thirty-five specimens were suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation. Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in @entity1 with multiple sites of disease and frequent recurrences. High @entity876 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation. We concluded that Ki-67 and @entity876 expression may be predictive of the clinical course in @entity1 with @entity1724 .

title: Expression of Ki-67, @entity5 suppressor proteins, growth factor, and growth factor receptor in juvenile @entity1724 : Ki-67 and XXXX as predictors of aggressive disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inactivation of tumor']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomas', 'respiratory papilloma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells is a typical feature of @entity1576 . The mechanism or mechanisms leading to abnormal epithelial proliferation remain unclear. Overexpression of growth factors and their receptors and @entity5 -suppressor proteins are known to cause cell transformation and proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of these factors in juvenile @entity1576 with correlation to cellular proliferation activity, and to determine whether such expression is associated with the clinical course of the disease. The expression of @entity310 , @entity470 , @entity876 protein, @entity995 proteins and Ki-67 was quantified by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens taken at the initial surgical excision from @entity1 in whom @entity1724 was diagnosed. Clinical information regarding the number of disease sites, tracheobronchial spread, malignant transformation, and frequency of recurrences was reviewed. Thirty-five specimens were suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation. Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in @entity1 with multiple sites of disease and frequent recurrences. High @entity876 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation. We concluded that Ki-67 and @entity876 expression may be predictive of the clinical course in @entity1 with @entity1724 .

title: Expression of Ki-67, @entity5 suppressor proteins, growth factor, and growth factor receptor in juvenile XXXX : Ki-67 and @entity876 as predictors of aggressive disease.

answer: @entity1724 :: (MESH:C535297,Disease) :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']


abstract: The enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells is a typical feature of @entity1576 . The mechanism or mechanisms leading to abnormal epithelial proliferation remain unclear. Overexpression of growth factors and their receptors and @entity5 -suppressor proteins are known to cause cell transformation and proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of these factors in juvenile @entity1576 with correlation to cellular proliferation activity, and to determine whether such expression is associated with the clinical course of the disease. The expression of @entity310 , @entity470 , @entity876 protein, @entity995 proteins and Ki-67 was quantified by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens taken at the initial surgical excision from @entity1 in whom @entity1724 was diagnosed. Clinical information regarding the number of disease sites, tracheobronchial spread, malignant transformation, and frequency of recurrences was reviewed. Thirty-five specimens were suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation. Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in @entity1 with multiple sites of disease and frequent recurrences. High @entity876 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation. We concluded that Ki-67 and @entity876 expression may be predictive of the clinical course in @entity1 with @entity1724 .

title: Expression of Ki-67, XXXX suppressor proteins, growth factor, and growth factor receptor in juvenile @entity1724 : Ki-67 and @entity876 as predictors of aggressive disease.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local recurrence of @entity320 is associated with a grave prognosis. However, the characteristics and the mode of disease progression for @entity1 with local recurrence have not been adequately addressed in the literature. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 treated at a single institution revealed a subset of @entity1 (n = 648) with local recurrence of @entity320 as a first event. @entity1 characteristics, histologic determinants, and disease free interval were variables used to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: In this group of @entity1 , male gender (P = 0. 0163), increasing age (P = 0.0001), head and neck primaries (P = 0. 0001), thicker @entity92 (P = 0.0022), deeper Clark levels (P = 0.0010), and @entity1066 of the @entity5 (P = 0.0348) suggested a shorter time until local recurrence. @entity92 (P = 0.0004), Clark level (P = 0.0043), and @entity1066 (P = 0.0001) still factored into the survival prognosis after recurrence. Truncal primaries (P = 0.0005) and @entity66 free intervals (P = 0.0098) were also associated with poorer outcomes after recurrence. Of the 648 @entity1 , 124 showed no progression, 196 developed another local recurrence, 178 developed in-transit/lymph node metastases, and 150 had systemic recurrences. Survival was only 33.6% for @entity1 with further metastases, compared with 77.4% for @entity1 with no progression of disease after a median follow-up of 38.9 months. CONCLUSIONS: There was a 48.5% mortality rate at 5 years of follow-up after local recurrence. Long term survival (> 10 years) was estimated to be 34.9%. The patterns of failure after local recurrence suggest that @entity1 may benefit from aggressive locoregional therapy.

title: Analysis of prognosis and disease progression after local recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow depths', 'Breslow depth']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: We have developed a 2-stage protocol for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation screening from blood spot paper. Stage 1 screening was aimed to analyze @entity1 at highest risk for the most common disease-associated sequence variants listed in the BIC database. Accordingly, stage1 testing implied detection of 18 disease- associated @entity5345 and 9 @entity2674 mutations by adapting the 5' nuclease assay to heterozygote screening. For stage 2 screening, we applied the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method by adapting this technique to automated heteroduplex analysis of @entity5345 and @entity2674 using fragment scanning on an ABI 377 sequencing device. Of the 120 @entity1 with a family history of @entity5344 who took part in this study so far, 45 entered stage 1 testing. Disease-associated mutations were detected in 6 @entity1 by stage 1 testing (13%). For these @entity1 , the final result was available within 10 days. Mutation @entity53007 was found in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 with mutation @entity72747 in @entity2674 reported only 1 sister with a multifocal bilateral @entity0 . New disease-associated mutations were detected in 2 of the 114 @entity1 who entered the stage 2 test (1.7%). Of particular interest was 1 @entity1 who was diagnosed with a @entity0 at age 39 and who had no family history of @entity0 . We conclude that pre-screening by 5' nuclease assay for the mutations most frequently seen in a given population represents a relatively effective first line of analysis. Subsequent detailed analysis by fluorescence conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and fragment sequencing is a sensitive alternative to full @entity377 sequencing.

title: Detection of XXXX and @entity2674 mutations in @entity0 families by a comprehensive two-stage screening procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['medullary breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity72747 :: ('c|DEL|3036|ACAA', 'DNAMutation') :: ['3036delACAA']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: We have developed a 2-stage protocol for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation screening from blood spot paper. Stage 1 screening was aimed to analyze @entity1 at highest risk for the most common disease-associated sequence variants listed in the BIC database. Accordingly, stage1 testing implied detection of 18 disease- associated @entity5345 and 9 @entity2674 mutations by adapting the 5' nuclease assay to heterozygote screening. For stage 2 screening, we applied the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method by adapting this technique to automated heteroduplex analysis of @entity5345 and @entity2674 using fragment scanning on an ABI 377 sequencing device. Of the 120 @entity1 with a family history of @entity5344 who took part in this study so far, 45 entered stage 1 testing. Disease-associated mutations were detected in 6 @entity1 by stage 1 testing (13%). For these @entity1 , the final result was available within 10 days. Mutation @entity53007 was found in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 with mutation @entity72747 in @entity2674 reported only 1 sister with a multifocal bilateral @entity0 . New disease-associated mutations were detected in 2 of the 114 @entity1 who entered the stage 2 test (1.7%). Of particular interest was 1 @entity1 who was diagnosed with a @entity0 at age 39 and who had no family history of @entity0 . We conclude that pre-screening by 5' nuclease assay for the mutations most frequently seen in a given population represents a relatively effective first line of analysis. Subsequent detailed analysis by fluorescence conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and fragment sequencing is a sensitive alternative to full @entity377 sequencing.

title: Detection of @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations in XXXX families by a comprehensive two-stage screening procedure.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We have developed a 2-stage protocol for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation screening from blood spot paper. Stage 1 screening was aimed to analyze @entity1 at highest risk for the most common disease-associated sequence variants listed in the BIC database. Accordingly, stage1 testing implied detection of 18 disease- associated @entity5345 and 9 @entity2674 mutations by adapting the 5' nuclease assay to heterozygote screening. For stage 2 screening, we applied the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method by adapting this technique to automated heteroduplex analysis of @entity5345 and @entity2674 using fragment scanning on an ABI 377 sequencing device. Of the 120 @entity1 with a family history of @entity5344 who took part in this study so far, 45 entered stage 1 testing. Disease-associated mutations were detected in 6 @entity1 by stage 1 testing (13%). For these @entity1 , the final result was available within 10 days. Mutation @entity53007 was found in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 with mutation @entity72747 in @entity2674 reported only 1 sister with a multifocal bilateral @entity0 . New disease-associated mutations were detected in 2 of the 114 @entity1 who entered the stage 2 test (1.7%). Of particular interest was 1 @entity1 who was diagnosed with a @entity0 at age 39 and who had no family history of @entity0 . We conclude that pre-screening by 5' nuclease assay for the mutations most frequently seen in a given population represents a relatively effective first line of analysis. Subsequent detailed analysis by fluorescence conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and fragment sequencing is a sensitive alternative to full @entity377 sequencing.

title: Detection of @entity5345 and XXXX mutations in @entity0 families by a comprehensive two-stage screening procedure.

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report outcomes of surgery for severe @entity2167 with or without partial atretic plate ( @entity2786 ). DESIGN: Retrospective review. SUBJECTS: Thirteen @entity1 (18 ears) had surgery for severe @entity2167 with (n=10, 56%) or without @entity2786 (n=8, 44%). Indications included severe @entity850 with @entity393 , cerumen impactions, and/or canal @entity3540 . Mean age=7.8 years (range 0.4-19.9 years). Mean follow up=5.2 years (range 0.4-10.0 years). SETTING: Tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. INTERVENTIONS: Nineteen endaural canaloplasties were performed in 17 ears (2 revisions). There was one post-auricular approach. Fifteen tympanoplasties were performed in 13 ears (2 revisions). @entity2786 was reconstructed with drilling to enlarge the bony annulus and fascia grafting to enlarge the tympanic membrane in 10 (56%) ears. OUTCOME MEASURES: Patency of EACs; otologic findings; pure tone averages (PTA); complications. RESULTS: All (100%) EACs had improved patency (>or=4mm). Findings included canal @entity3540 (2/18, 11%), @entity2170 (4/18, 22%), stapes abnormality (2/18, 11%), and incudostapedial discontinuity from @entity3540 (1/18, 6%). Mean preoperative PTA=38.7 dB HL (range 60-20 dB HL). Mean post-operative PTA=23.6 dB HL (range 50-6.7 dB HL). Audiologic results were significantly better for cases without @entity2786 (p<.01) and without @entity2170 (p<.01). There were seven minor and no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Endaural canaloplasty is safe and effective for providing patent EACs and hearing improvement for severe @entity2167 . However, since hearing outcomes were worse for cases with @entity2786 and @entity2170 , alternatives such as hearing aids or BAHA may be considered.

title: XXXX and partial atretic plate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['congenital external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis', 'congenital EAC stenosis', 'EAC stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2170 :: ('MESH:C537142', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular fixation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['Congenital external auditory canal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the results of prospective randomized placebo controlled studies, endorsement from various professional societies, and approval by the FDA, the chemoprevention of @entity0 is limited. This is attributable to the perceived risks of complications with @entity440 . Individualized risk-benefit calculation regarding the use of @entity440 is burdensome for practical clinical use. We propose a Chemoprevention Indication Score (CIS) that is easy to compute and reliable to identify @entity1 suitable for chemoprevention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chart-review of all @entity1 attending a university-based high-risk breast clinic identified the @entity1 offered chemoprevention and those who accepted it. Age, Gail risk score, past medical history and physician's reasons for not offering @entity440 were recorded. CIS was developed weighing risks and benefits of @entity440 ; high, moderate and low indication score categories were defined for recommendation of @entity440 . CIS was validated by cross-tabulating with the rate of physician recommendation of @entity440 and by agreement with Gail's risk-benefit index. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2006,105 @entity1 attended the high-risk clinic. Median (interquartile) age was 47 (42-53) yrs; 142(90%) were Caucasian. Median (interquartile) Gail score was 2.3 (1.0-3.2). Forty-eight (46%) @entity1 were offered @entity440 while 15(14%) complied. @entity440 was offered to 1 of 5(20%) @entity1 with low; 32 of 82(39%) @entity1 with moderate and 15 of 18(83%) @entity1 with high CIS [p=0.0008]. The McNemar's test for agreement between CIS (<6 vs. >or=6) and Gail's risk-benefit index was significant at p<0.0001 and Kruskal-Wallis test comparing median Gail's risk-benefit index across CIS was significant at p<0.0001. CONCLUSION: Inability to identify appropriate candidates has been a great barrier towards acceptance of chemoprevention for @entity0 . The CIS can be used for individual risk-benefit analysis for recommendation of @entity0 chemoprevention. However, CIS needs to be validated on a larger scale with methodologically more rigorous studies before proposing generalized use in the community.

title: Chemoprevention Indication Score: a user-friendly tool for prevention of XXXX - pilot analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of cervical and @entity173 of the proximal femur in 1994 in Tangshan City, China. There are many reports on hip @entity174 incidence in many countries, suggesting that there are many factors affecting @entity173 . We visited 15 hospitals with an orthopaedic department within Tangshan City, and reviewed the medical records and radiographs of all @entity1 with @entity173 occurring between January 1 and December 31, 1994. The population of Tangshan in 1994 was determined to be 1,454,543 (746,015 males and 708,528 females). The population of those over 65 years of age was 88,490 (41,519 males and 46,971 females), representing 6.08% of the total population. This study detected 184 cervical and @entity173 of the proximal femur in 1994 in Tangshan (127 @entity1 and 57 @entity1 ). The overall incidence or rate of the combined number of cervical and @entity173 was 25 @entity174 per 100,000 population per year for @entity1 and 12 for @entity1 . There were a total of 147 cervical @entity174 (80%) and 37 @entity173 (20%). The incidence of the combined number of cervical and @entity173 in @entity1 over 70 years of age increased to 108 for @entity1 and 156 for @entity1 . The incidence of @entity173 increased with age in both sex groups, especially in @entity1 over 65. Severe trauma @entity174 happened more often in younger groups, and mainly occurred in @entity1 , which may be a result of the particular composition of the population in Tangshan, which is young and male dominated. In addition, because Tangshan is an industrial city, many of its citizens are involved in occupations requiring a high level of physical activity.

title: Epidemiology of cervical and XXXX of the proximal femur in 1994 in Tangshan, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['trochanteric fractures']


abstract: 1. Electrical behaviour of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the @entity840 stomach was investigated using intracellular recording methods. 2. Three subpopulations were identified and classified for convenience of discussion as @entity356 . Gastric I neurones were characterized by repetitive spike discharge during depolarizing current pulses and by higher input resistance than the other types. @entity528 discharged one or two spikes only at the onset of long-lasting depolarizing current pulses. Gastric III neurones did not discharge spikes to depolarizing current pulses and had higher membrane potentials and lower input resistances than the other types. Non-stimulus evoked discharge ('spontaneous' discharge) did not occur in any of the neurones. 3. Resting membrane potentials were generated primarily by resting K+ conductance, but were smaller than the estimated K+ equilibrium potential. Analysis based on the constant field equation predicted lower K+ conductance in gastric I than in gastric III neurones. 4. Action potentials in gastric I and II neurones were suppressed or blocked by @entity1022 . Spikes that were broadened by @entity5128 appeared to have an inward component of @entity141 current. 5. Hyperpolarizing after-potentials were associated with the spikes of both kinds of neurones. These after-potentials had much shorter duration (less than 300 ms) than the post-spike hyperpolarization of AH/type 2 intestinal neurones and unlike intestinal neurones there was no latency between the positive after-potential of the spike and the onset of the hyperpolarization. After-hyperpolarization in the gastric neurones was enhanced when the spikes were broadened by @entity5128 and was suppressed by removal of @entity141 from the bathing solution. 6. Treatment with either @entity5128 or @entity973 enhanced excitability and induced 'spontaneously' occurring repetitive spike discharge. 7. The electrophysiological behaviour of gastric myenteric neurones differed significantly from intestinal neurones. This was interpreted as specialization of the neural networks that control and co-ordinate the activity of vastly different effector systems in the two regions of the alimentary canal.

title: Electrical behaviour of myenteric neurones in the gastric corpus of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric I, II and III neurones']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric II neurones']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: 1. The ability of blood to flow through capillaries with diameters smaller than that of erythrocytes and leucocytes has been explained hypothetically on the basis of electrostatic repulsion between vessel walls and circulating cells, but in the absence of in vivo evidence. Following our discovery of extraordinarily high densities of @entity7451 on endothelial surfaces, we have now devised experiments to determine to what extent microcirculatory blood flow might depend on these negative charges. 2. Hindlimbs of @entity35 anaesthetized with @entity4543 and @entity4485 were perfused through the femoral artery at constant volume with continuous recording of inflow resistance: first with carotid arterial blood containing continually infused @entity934 at concentrations which minimized peripheral resistance without affecting heart rate; then for 5 min with buffered saline containing @entity934 at the same concentration plus neuraminidase (from @entity1838 , at 0.1 mg/ml) to remove endothelial sialic acids (for control experiments without neuraminidase); and then again with @entity934 -infused carotid blood. 3. As a consequence of the saline perfusion, there was a rapid initial rise and fall of inflow resistance. The subsequent changes in resistance were calculated as the difference between its lowest value in the first 10 min and the value after 60 min. Controls and neuraminidase-perfused groups were compared using the t test for unpaired measurements. 4. In four control experiments inflow resistance decreased by 10-40% (14 +/- 10%, mean +/- S.E.M.). In three experiments with neuraminidase, inflow resistance increased by 24-38% (29 +/- 4%, mean +/- S.E.M.). The difference between the saline and the neuraminidase-perfused groups was significant (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased microvascular resistance to blood flow in the XXXX hindlimb after perfusion with neuraminidase.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity7451 :: ('MESH:D012794', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acids']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), estimation of @entity1188 size from the early markers, @entity844 -binding protein (FABP) and @entity5632 (MYO), usually assumes average (fixed) rate constants (FCR) for protein clearance from plasma. However, individual variation in FCR is large. @entity8 causes slower clearance of FABP and MYO from plasma and, hence, overestimation of @entity1188 size in 20-25% of @entity1 . We investigated whether or not more accurate values of @entity1188 size could be obtained with individually estimated clearance rates. METHODS: Concentrations of FABP and MYO and, for comparison, activities of the established cardiac markers, @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity27216 dehydrogenase (HBDH), were assayed in serial plasma samples from 138 @entity1 with @entity583 . Individual FCR values of FABP and MYO were estimated from plasma @entity1011 concentrations, sex and age. RESULTS: Individual FCR values varied from 0.4 to 2.4 h-1. Use of these individual FCR values significantly improved the correlation between @entity1188 size, as estimated from FABP or MYO on the one hand, and from CK and HBDH on the other. Approximately equal estimates of @entity1188 size were obtained for all four marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Using individually estimated clearance rates, @entity177 no longer hampers calculation of @entity1188 size from FABP and MYO, and reliable estimates of total @entity296 can be obtained within 24 h after first symptoms.

title: Measurement of @entity583 size from plasma XXXX -binding protein or @entity5632 , using individually estimated clearance rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity27216 :: ('MESH:C031570', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), estimation of @entity1188 size from the early markers, @entity844 -binding protein (FABP) and @entity5632 (MYO), usually assumes average (fixed) rate constants (FCR) for protein clearance from plasma. However, individual variation in FCR is large. @entity8 causes slower clearance of FABP and MYO from plasma and, hence, overestimation of @entity1188 size in 20-25% of @entity1 . We investigated whether or not more accurate values of @entity1188 size could be obtained with individually estimated clearance rates. METHODS: Concentrations of FABP and MYO and, for comparison, activities of the established cardiac markers, @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity27216 dehydrogenase (HBDH), were assayed in serial plasma samples from 138 @entity1 with @entity583 . Individual FCR values of FABP and MYO were estimated from plasma @entity1011 concentrations, sex and age. RESULTS: Individual FCR values varied from 0.4 to 2.4 h-1. Use of these individual FCR values significantly improved the correlation between @entity1188 size, as estimated from FABP or MYO on the one hand, and from CK and HBDH on the other. Approximately equal estimates of @entity1188 size were obtained for all four marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Using individually estimated clearance rates, @entity177 no longer hampers calculation of @entity1188 size from FABP and MYO, and reliable estimates of total @entity296 can be obtained within 24 h after first symptoms.

title: Measurement of @entity583 size from plasma @entity844 -binding protein or XXXX , using individually estimated clearance rates.

answer: @entity5632 :: (4151,Gene) :: ['myoglobin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), estimation of @entity1188 size from the early markers, @entity844 -binding protein (FABP) and @entity5632 (MYO), usually assumes average (fixed) rate constants (FCR) for protein clearance from plasma. However, individual variation in FCR is large. @entity8 causes slower clearance of FABP and MYO from plasma and, hence, overestimation of @entity1188 size in 20-25% of @entity1 . We investigated whether or not more accurate values of @entity1188 size could be obtained with individually estimated clearance rates. METHODS: Concentrations of FABP and MYO and, for comparison, activities of the established cardiac markers, @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity27216 dehydrogenase (HBDH), were assayed in serial plasma samples from 138 @entity1 with @entity583 . Individual FCR values of FABP and MYO were estimated from plasma @entity1011 concentrations, sex and age. RESULTS: Individual FCR values varied from 0.4 to 2.4 h-1. Use of these individual FCR values significantly improved the correlation between @entity1188 size, as estimated from FABP or MYO on the one hand, and from CK and HBDH on the other. Approximately equal estimates of @entity1188 size were obtained for all four marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Using individually estimated clearance rates, @entity177 no longer hampers calculation of @entity1188 size from FABP and MYO, and reliable estimates of total @entity296 can be obtained within 24 h after first symptoms.

title: Measurement of XXXX size from plasma @entity844 -binding protein or @entity5632 , using individually estimated clearance rates.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 has an enhanced efficacy and reduced @entity137 compared with free @entity632 . The efficacy and @entity137 of pegylated liposomal @entity632 was investigated in @entity1 with @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic @entity157 and a Karnofsky index > 60% were included in this prospective single-arm study. Exclusion criteria were @entity1575 stage @entity1 -Pugh C, previous chemotherapy, or chemoembolization. Pegylated liposomal @entity632 was given in a dose of 30 mg/m2 every three weeks until progression of disease. After inclusion of five @entity1 the dose could be escalated to 40 mg/m2 in absence of @entity137 grade 3 and 4. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were evaluable for response. No objective response was achieved. The median survival time was 140 days (95% confidence interval: 126-154 days). Treatment @entity137 grade > or = 3 comprised increased liver enzymes in @entity1 with preexisting grade 1 or 2 elevation (n = 6), hematologic @entity137 (n = 5), and @entity56 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 is not effective for treatment of advanced @entity157 . The favorable @entity137 profile was confirmed even in @entity1 with underlying @entity409 .

title: A phase II study of pegylated liposomal XXXX for treatment of advanced @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 has an enhanced efficacy and reduced @entity137 compared with free @entity632 . The efficacy and @entity137 of pegylated liposomal @entity632 was investigated in @entity1 with @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic @entity157 and a Karnofsky index > 60% were included in this prospective single-arm study. Exclusion criteria were @entity1575 stage @entity1 -Pugh C, previous chemotherapy, or chemoembolization. Pegylated liposomal @entity632 was given in a dose of 30 mg/m2 every three weeks until progression of disease. After inclusion of five @entity1 the dose could be escalated to 40 mg/m2 in absence of @entity137 grade 3 and 4. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were evaluable for response. No objective response was achieved. The median survival time was 140 days (95% confidence interval: 126-154 days). Treatment @entity137 grade > or = 3 comprised increased liver enzymes in @entity1 with preexisting grade 1 or 2 elevation (n = 6), hematologic @entity137 (n = 5), and @entity56 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 is not effective for treatment of advanced @entity157 . The favorable @entity137 profile was confirmed even in @entity1 with underlying @entity409 .

title: A phase II study of pegylated liposomal @entity632 for treatment of advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is a paucity of long term studies on exercise training in elderly @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one year of progressive resistance exercise (PRE) on dynamic muscular strength and the relations to @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: Forty four healthy sedentary @entity1 (mean age 68.8 years) volunteered for this study and were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group were involved in three one hour sessions a week for 52 weeks of supervised PRE to strengthen the large muscle groups of the body, while the control group were instructed to continue their normal lifestyle. The exercise circuit included three sets of eight repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum focused on the large muscle groups. @entity79 was measured by dual energy x ray absoptiometry (Lunar DPX) at the lumbar spine and at three sites in the proximal femur. Other selected parameters of physical fitness were also measured. RESULTS: Statistical analyses (analysis of covariance) showed significant strength gains (p < 0.01) in bilateral bench press (> 29%), bilateral leg press (> 19%), and unilateral biceps curl (> 20%). No significant difference between groups was evident in body weight, grip strength, flexibility, waist to hip ratio, or the sum of eight skinfolds. Significant relations (p < 0.05) were recorded between dynamic leg strength and the @entity79 of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and the lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS: Significant strength changes, after one year of PRE, were evident in elderly @entity1 , and the muscle increases may parallel changes in @entity79 ; however, correlation coefficients were moderate.

title: Effects of one year of resistance training on the relation between muscular strength and bone density in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic repair of @entity14147 is usually based on the open underlay procedure in which the mesh is placed intra-abdominally. To prevent complications such as adhesions, @entity1744 and @entity292 formation we developed a new laparoscopic approach, placing the mesh in the preperitoneal space. METHODS: Our laparoscopic approach concerns a standardised procedure with introduction of three intra-abdominally placed trocars. The ventral abdominal wall is incised in a lengthwise manner approximately 5 cm from the umbilical defect, followed by development of the preperitoneal space, reposition of the umbilical peritoneal sac and placement and fixation of a Prolene mesh. The mesh is secured using transfascial Prolene sutures; the peritoneal defect is closed with a running Vicryl suture. Data on 17 @entity1 with primary @entity14147 operated on between April 2002 and March 2006 are presented. RESULTS: The 11 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 had a mean age of 57.8 years (range 37-91 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.6 kg/m(2) (range 23.7-37.9 kg/m(2)). Mean hernia size was 1.95 cm (range 1-3 cm), average mesh size was 110 cm(2) (range 100-150 cm(2)). Mean operating time was 85.6 min (range 60-120 min). Mean hospital stay was 2.2 days (range 1-3 days). No major complications were seen. No recurrences were observed during a mean follow-up of 36.2 months (range 13-62 months). CONCLUSIONS: The preperitoneal laparoscopic technique for umbilical hernia repair combines the advantages of a laparoscopic, minimally invasive, approach, avoiding the potential complications related to intra-abdominal mesh position.

title: Laparoscopic correction of XXXX using a transabdominal preperitoneal approach: results of a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernias laparoscopically', 'umbilical hernias']

answer: @entity14147 :: (MESH:D006554,Disease) :: ['umbilical hernias']


abstract: A cohort of @entity1 operated at the National @entity5 Center Hospital in Tokyo for @entity189 , at or below the peritoneal reflection, was reviewed retrospectively. The purpose was to study the risk factors for local relapse and the patterns of local recurrence. Three hundred fifty-one @entity1 operated between 1993 and 2002 for @entity189 , at or below the peritoneal reflection, were analyzed. One hundred forty-five @entity1 , with preoperatively staged T1 or T2 @entity5 without suspected lymph nodes, underwent @entity348 ( @entity348 ). @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) was performed in suspected T3 or T4 disease, or when positive lymph nodes were seen; 73 @entity1 received unilateral @entity1600 and 133 @entity1 received bilateral @entity1600 . Of the 351 @entity1 6.6% developed local recurrence after 5 years. @entity348 only resulted in 0.8% 5-year local recurrence. In lymph-node-positive @entity1 , 33% of the unilateral @entity1600 group had local relapse, significantly more (p = 0.04) than in the bilateral @entity1600 group with 14% local recurrence. Local recurrence in the lateral, presacral, perineal, and anastomotic subsites was lower in the bilateral @entity1600 group as compared with in the unilateral @entity1600 group. We conclude that, in selected @entity1 , surgery without @entity1600 has a very low local recurrence rate. Bilateral @entity1600 is more effective in reducing the chance of local recurrence than unilateral @entity1600 . Either surgical approach, with or without @entity1600 , requires reliable imaging during work-up.

title: Patterns of local recurrence in XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LLND', 'Lateral lymph node dissection']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Long-term results after laparoscopic ileal pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA) have not been thoroughly evaluated. Our study prospectively compares short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open IPAA. METHODS: Between October 2002 and November 2007, 73 laparoscopic and 106 open IPAA @entity1 were enrolled. @entity1 - and disease-specific characteristics and short- and long-term outcomes were prospectively collected. RESULTS: There were no differences in demographics, treatment, indication, duration of surgery, and diversion between groups. Laparoscopic @entity1 had faster return of flatus (p = 0.008), faster assumption of a liquid diet (p < 0.001), and less @entity190 (p = 0.026). While complications were similar, the incidence of incisional @entity547 was lower in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.011). Mean follow-up was 24.8 months. Average number of bowel movements was 6.8 +/- 2.8/day for laparoscopy and 6.3 +/- 1.7 for open (p = 0.058). Overall, 68.4% of @entity1 were fully continent at 1 year, up to 83.7% long term without differences between groups. Other indicators of defecatory function and quality of life remain similar overtime. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic IPAA confers excellent functional results. Most @entity1 are fully continent and have an average of six bowel movements/day. When present, minor @entity322 improves over time. Laparoscopy mirrors the results of open IPAA and is a valuable alternative to open surgery.

title: Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal XXXX : a comparative observational study on long-term functional results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: 2D-STE (two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography) is a novel echocardiographic modality that enables angle-independent assessment of myocardial deformation indices. In the present study, we tested whether peak systolic epsilon(parallel) (longitudinal strain) values measured by 2D-STE could identify areas of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) as determined by CE MRI (contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging). Conventional echocardiographic apical long-axis recordings were performed in 38 @entity1 , 9 months after a first @entity583 . Peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE in 16 left ventricle segments was compared with segmental @entity1188 mass and transmurality assessed by CE MRI. Segmental values were averaged to global and territorial values for assessment of global function and myocardial function in the coronary distribution areas. CE MRI identified transmural @entity1188 in 27 @entity1 , and a mean @entity1188 size of 36+/-25 g. Peak systolic epsilon( parallel) correlated with the @entity1188 mass at the global level (r=0.84, P<0.001). A strain value of -15% identified @entity1188 with 83% sensitivity and 93% specificity at the global level and 76% and 95% at the territorial level, and a strain value of -13% identified transmural @entity1188 with 80% sensitivity and 83% specificity at the segmental level. Global @entity1188 mass correlates with the wall motion score index (r=0.70, P<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction measured by MRI or echocardiography (r=-0.71 and -0.58, both P<0.001). In chronic @entity1188 , peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE correlates with the @entity1188 mass assessed by CE MRI at a global level, and separates infarcted from non-infarcted tissue. Global strain is an excellent predictor of @entity583 size in chronic @entity299 .

title: Global longitudinal strain measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is closely related to @entity583 size in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: 2D-STE (two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography) is a novel echocardiographic modality that enables angle-independent assessment of myocardial deformation indices. In the present study, we tested whether peak systolic epsilon(parallel) (longitudinal strain) values measured by 2D-STE could identify areas of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) as determined by CE MRI (contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging). Conventional echocardiographic apical long-axis recordings were performed in 38 @entity1 , 9 months after a first @entity583 . Peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE in 16 left ventricle segments was compared with segmental @entity1188 mass and transmurality assessed by CE MRI. Segmental values were averaged to global and territorial values for assessment of global function and myocardial function in the coronary distribution areas. CE MRI identified transmural @entity1188 in 27 @entity1 , and a mean @entity1188 size of 36+/-25 g. Peak systolic epsilon( parallel) correlated with the @entity1188 mass at the global level (r=0.84, P<0.001). A strain value of -15% identified @entity1188 with 83% sensitivity and 93% specificity at the global level and 76% and 95% at the territorial level, and a strain value of -13% identified transmural @entity1188 with 80% sensitivity and 83% specificity at the segmental level. Global @entity1188 mass correlates with the wall motion score index (r=0.70, P<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction measured by MRI or echocardiography (r=-0.71 and -0.58, both P<0.001). In chronic @entity1188 , peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE correlates with the @entity1188 mass assessed by CE MRI at a global level, and separates infarcted from non-infarcted tissue. Global strain is an excellent predictor of @entity583 size in chronic @entity299 .

title: Global longitudinal strain measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is closely related to XXXX size in chronic @entity299 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy without a split (AF) has been performed to improve the local control probability of early glottic @entity189 since 1990 in the authors' institution. Here, they report their experience treating early @entity5 @entity1 with AF in a single institution who have a long follow-up period. @entity1 AND METHODS: 131 T1 N0 M0 @entity5 were treated with @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ) from 1984 to 1989 and with AF since 1990. @entity7617 consisted of five daily fractions of 2 Gy per week, to a total dose of 64 Gy. AF consisted of 1.72 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day, 5 days a week, to a total dose of 55 or 58.5 Gy. RESULTS: The 5-year local control probability for T1 @entity5 was 94% with 58.5 Gy and 87% with 55 Gy of AF, whereas it amounted to 80% with @entity7617 . For T2 @entity5 , it was 56% with 58.5 Gy and 68% with 55 Gy of AF, whereas it amounted to 64% with @entity7617 . The data of T2 should be evaluated with caution due to the small number of @entity1 . @entity1 with AF had more severe mucosal reactions but no severe late reactions. CONCLUSION: AF significantly improved the local control rates for T1 @entity5 .

title: Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for T1,2 XXXX . Consideration of time-dose factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'glottic cancer', 'glottic cancers and 65 T2 N0 M0 glottic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'conventional fractionation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes in our first 40 microelectrode-guided thalamotomies for parkinsonian @entity400 . METHODS: Twenty-four left-sided and 16 right-sided thalamotomies were performed between October 1984 and January 1996; the mean follow-up period was 35.8 months (range, 1-152 mo). The results were evaluated retrospectively and semiquantitatively by a disinterested observer (MNL) and correlated with the quality of the microelectrode recording and the number and size of radiofrequency lesions made. The first 20 and second 20 procedures were evaluated separately. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale showed no or virtually no @entity400 in the upper limb in 75% of @entity1 or in the lower limb in 73% of @entity1 . No significant persistent complications were found. These results were achieved at the expense of having to repeat the procedure on 11 sides (in 5 because of technical problems and in 6 for no obvious reason). Total or nearly total abolition of @entity400 occurred after the first procedure in 40% of the first 20 operations and in 65% of the second 20. Eight of the first 20 procedures and 2 of the second 20 failed for technical reasons. Lesions were made larger in the second 20 procedures than in the first 20. With the use of an electrode with a 1.1 x 3-mm bare tip for 60 seconds, it seems that lesions had to be created at 60 degrees C or more to produce a successful result. CONCLUSION: Thalamotomy with microelectrode recording is an effective procedure with which to treat @entity400 in @entity1 with @entity191 and may involve fewer complications than conventional techniques. The procedure appears to involve a learning curve.

title: Microelectrode-guided thalamotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity842 (NO) has complex effects on myocardial function particularly following ischaemia-reperfusion. The goal of this study was to examine the result of repetitive @entity1562 on myocardial NO release and expression of inducible ( @entity33368 ) and constitutive (eNOS) NO synthases. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1875 anaesthetised @entity1707 underwent ten, 2-min episodes of circumflex @entity432 (n = 6) or acted as sham operated controls (n = 4). Measurements of segment shortening demonstrated a fall in function in the ischaemic territory to 52.5 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of baseline shortening 30 min after the stunning stimulus, recovering to 92 +/- 8.7% 5.5 h later. Function remained stable in sham controls. The change in venous-arterial [NO] between baseline and 6 h reperfusion was found to be significantly different between the two groups (0.2 +/- 0.7 in stunned vs. -4.3 +/- 1.6 microM in shams; P < 0.02). Western blotting and band optical density used to compare tissue from stunned territory (S), non-stunned territory (IC) and sham control animals (SC) demonstrated this was associated with an increase in the expression of both @entity33368 (S: 93 +/- 13.4, IC: 37 +/- 2.4 and SC: 25 +/- 4 [arbitrary units], P < 0.01 and P = 0.031) and eNOS (S: 104 +/- 7.4, IC; 62.5 +/- 7.4 and SC; 75.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.03 and P < 0.01) in stunned @entity1562 . Immunocytochemistry localised @entity33368 reactivity to vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in stunned tissue and eNOS reactivity to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Recovery from repetitive @entity1562 is associated with the increased expression of both @entity33368 and eNOS and would be compatible with a protective role for both these enzymes. This finding has possible relevance for both the late window of ischaemic preconditioning and @entity1562 .

title: Repetitive XXXX in @entity1707 is associated with the increased expression of inducible and constitutive @entity842 synthases.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['Propofol']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium', 'myocardial stunning', 'myocardial hibernation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardial stunning']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity842 (NO) has complex effects on myocardial function particularly following ischaemia-reperfusion. The goal of this study was to examine the result of repetitive @entity1562 on myocardial NO release and expression of inducible ( @entity33368 ) and constitutive (eNOS) NO synthases. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1875 anaesthetised @entity1707 underwent ten, 2-min episodes of circumflex @entity432 (n = 6) or acted as sham operated controls (n = 4). Measurements of segment shortening demonstrated a fall in function in the ischaemic territory to 52.5 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of baseline shortening 30 min after the stunning stimulus, recovering to 92 +/- 8.7% 5.5 h later. Function remained stable in sham controls. The change in venous-arterial [NO] between baseline and 6 h reperfusion was found to be significantly different between the two groups (0.2 +/- 0.7 in stunned vs. -4.3 +/- 1.6 microM in shams; P < 0.02). Western blotting and band optical density used to compare tissue from stunned territory (S), non-stunned territory (IC) and sham control animals (SC) demonstrated this was associated with an increase in the expression of both @entity33368 (S: 93 +/- 13.4, IC: 37 +/- 2.4 and SC: 25 +/- 4 [arbitrary units], P < 0.01 and P = 0.031) and eNOS (S: 104 +/- 7.4, IC; 62.5 +/- 7.4 and SC; 75.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.03 and P < 0.01) in stunned @entity1562 . Immunocytochemistry localised @entity33368 reactivity to vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in stunned tissue and eNOS reactivity to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Recovery from repetitive @entity1562 is associated with the increased expression of both @entity33368 and eNOS and would be compatible with a protective role for both these enzymes. This finding has possible relevance for both the late window of ischaemic preconditioning and @entity1562 .

title: Repetitive @entity1562 in XXXX is associated with the increased expression of inducible and constitutive @entity842 synthases.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity842 (NO) has complex effects on myocardial function particularly following ischaemia-reperfusion. The goal of this study was to examine the result of repetitive @entity1562 on myocardial NO release and expression of inducible ( @entity33368 ) and constitutive (eNOS) NO synthases. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1875 anaesthetised @entity1707 underwent ten, 2-min episodes of circumflex @entity432 (n = 6) or acted as sham operated controls (n = 4). Measurements of segment shortening demonstrated a fall in function in the ischaemic territory to 52.5 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of baseline shortening 30 min after the stunning stimulus, recovering to 92 +/- 8.7% 5.5 h later. Function remained stable in sham controls. The change in venous-arterial [NO] between baseline and 6 h reperfusion was found to be significantly different between the two groups (0.2 +/- 0.7 in stunned vs. -4.3 +/- 1.6 microM in shams; P < 0.02). Western blotting and band optical density used to compare tissue from stunned territory (S), non-stunned territory (IC) and sham control animals (SC) demonstrated this was associated with an increase in the expression of both @entity33368 (S: 93 +/- 13.4, IC: 37 +/- 2.4 and SC: 25 +/- 4 [arbitrary units], P < 0.01 and P = 0.031) and eNOS (S: 104 +/- 7.4, IC; 62.5 +/- 7.4 and SC; 75.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.03 and P < 0.01) in stunned @entity1562 . Immunocytochemistry localised @entity33368 reactivity to vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in stunned tissue and eNOS reactivity to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Recovery from repetitive @entity1562 is associated with the increased expression of both @entity33368 and eNOS and would be compatible with a protective role for both these enzymes. This finding has possible relevance for both the late window of ischaemic preconditioning and @entity1562 .

title: Repetitive @entity1562 in @entity1707 is associated with the increased expression of inducible and constitutive XXXX synthases.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The influence of different factors on prognosis after radical operations in 316 @entity1 with non-small cell peripheral @entity2 was studied. In N0, the 3-year survival of the @entity1 was 51.2%, 5-year--34.7%. In N1, the 3-year survival was 23.9%, in @entity1544 .6%, glandular--10.2%, 5-year survival--12.3%. The reduction of survival in N2 is significant in glandular, and in @entity1544 as well. In N2, the 3-year survival was 4.8%, 5-year survival was absent. It should be considered that in @entity1 with stage T3N2 peripheral @entity2 , there are subclinical metastases. The operation in this case is not a method for radical treatment. The influence of a @entity5 size on the prognosis is manifested in T3. Histologic structure in @entity1149 influences prognosis only at the stage T2N1 (in @entity5 , the survival is significantly worse). The degree of @entity1544 influences the prognosis. @entity5 spreading to the adjacent structures makes prognosis worse, but the surgical treatment in such a case is justified.

title: [Prognostic factors in operable XXXX of the lungs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'glandular cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer', 'differentiation in squamous cell cancer', 'squamous cell cancer--40']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell cancer']


abstract: The relationship between @entity1316 and @entity1314 has been of longstanding interest to clinicians. Despite theoretical reasons to do so, virtually no studies have examined factors that discriminate @entity1314 subjects with a history of @entity1316 ( @entity1726 /HMD) from @entity1314 subjects without a history of @entity1316 ( @entity1726 ). This study examined demographic variables, patterns of comorbidity, measures of life functioning, personality traits, and early life experiences differentiating @entity1726 /HMD (n = 83) from @entity1726 (n = 214). Diagnoses were assigned using structured clinical interviews and a best-estimate procedure. The results suggest that subjects with @entity4225 are more likely to have a life history of @entity1316 than are subjects with other @entity1314 . In addition, @entity1726 /HMDs are more likely to receive a diagnosis of @entity148 or @entity988 , to have lower Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, and to have sought treatment than PDs. On self-report measures of personality, @entity1726 /HMDs endorse higher levels of trait @entity148 and affective lability (e.g., Harm Avoidance, @entity663 ) than do PDs. @entity1726 /HMDs are also more likely to report childhood @entity734 than are PDs, and to describe their parents as using affectionless control. No differences were found between @entity2686 as a function of @entity1316 history. The discussion suggests a potential model in which early environmental stress interacts with constitutional vulnerabilities to put individuals at an increased risk for both mood and @entity148 as well as @entity1314 .

title: Factors differentiating XXXX individuals with and without a history of @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II clusters']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality-disordered', 'personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['physical and emotional abuse']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality-disordered']


abstract: The relationship between @entity1316 and @entity1314 has been of longstanding interest to clinicians. Despite theoretical reasons to do so, virtually no studies have examined factors that discriminate @entity1314 subjects with a history of @entity1316 ( @entity1726 /HMD) from @entity1314 subjects without a history of @entity1316 ( @entity1726 ). This study examined demographic variables, patterns of comorbidity, measures of life functioning, personality traits, and early life experiences differentiating @entity1726 /HMD (n = 83) from @entity1726 (n = 214). Diagnoses were assigned using structured clinical interviews and a best-estimate procedure. The results suggest that subjects with @entity4225 are more likely to have a life history of @entity1316 than are subjects with other @entity1314 . In addition, @entity1726 /HMDs are more likely to receive a diagnosis of @entity148 or @entity988 , to have lower Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, and to have sought treatment than PDs. On self-report measures of personality, @entity1726 /HMDs endorse higher levels of trait @entity148 and affective lability (e.g., Harm Avoidance, @entity663 ) than do PDs. @entity1726 /HMDs are also more likely to report childhood @entity734 than are PDs, and to describe their parents as using affectionless control. No differences were found between @entity2686 as a function of @entity1316 history. The discussion suggests a potential model in which early environmental stress interacts with constitutional vulnerabilities to put individuals at an increased risk for both mood and @entity148 as well as @entity1314 .

title: Factors differentiating @entity1314 individuals with and without a history of XXXX .

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['unipolar mood disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that a change from central venous catheters to a @entity292 or graft would improve short-term mortality risk in maintenance hemodialysis @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING _ @entity1 : All maintenance in-center hemodialysis @entity1 treated in Fresenius Medical Care, North America legacy facilities alive on January 1, 2007 with baseline laboratory data from December 2006. PREDICTOR: Access type ( @entity292 , catheter, or graft), determined on December 31, 2006, and monthly thereafter. Conversion from a catheter to a @entity292 or graft during the 4-month period from January 1 to April 30, 2007. OUTCOME: Mortality was tracked from May 1, 2007, to December 31, 2007. Standard and time-dependent Cox models were used to determine hazard risks (HRs) of @entity204 with and without adjustment for case-mix and laboratory values. RESULTS: At baseline, 79,545 @entity1 had 43% @entity292 , 29% catheters, and 27% grafts. Mean age was 62 +/- 15 years, 54% were @entity1 , 51% were white, and 53% had @entity6 . Compared with @entity292 , unadjusted HRs of @entity204 were higher for grafts (1.22) and catheters (1.76; P < 0.001). In adjusted models, overall risk for grafts was decreased to 1.05 (95% limits, 1.003-1.100; P < 0.05) and approached that for @entity292 consistently across multiple strata. Compared with @entity1 who continued using a catheter, those who converted to either a graft or @entity292 had an HR of 0.69, whereas those who converted from a graft or @entity292 to a catheter had increased HRs to 2.12 (both P < 0.001). Similar trends were observed in the subset of incident @entity1 (vintage < 90 days at study onset). LIMITATIONS: Observational design with residual confounding from unmeasured @entity1 , facility, and treatment-related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Catheters have the worst associated mortality risk. Changing from a catheter to a @entity292 or graft is associated with significantly improved survival. The risk for grafts approached that of @entity292 , providing an alternative to prolonged catheter exposure and potentially less hazardous "bridge" toward a @entity292 .

title: Change in vascular access and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to systematically identify and summarize quality indicators of tight glycaemic control in critically ill @entity1 , and to inspect the applicability of their definitions. METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE for all studies evaluating a tight glycaemic control protocol and/or quality of @entity413 control that reported original data from a clinical trial or observational study on critically ill adult @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria; 30 different indicators were extracted and categorized into four nonorthogonal categories: blood @entity413 zones (for example, 'hypoglycaemia'); blood @entity413 levels (for example, 'mean blood @entity413 level'); time intervals (for example, 'time to occurrence of an event'); and protocol characteristics (for example, 'blood @entity413 sampling frequency'). Hypoglycaemia-related indicators were used in 43 out of 49 studies, acting as a proxy for safety, but they employed many different definitions. Blood @entity413 level summaries were used in 41 out of 49 studies, reported as means and/or medians during the study period or at a certain time point (for example, the morning blood @entity413 level or blood @entity413 level upon starting insulin therapy). Time spent in the predefined blood @entity413 level range, time needed to reach the defined blood @entity413 level target, hyperglycaemia-related indicators and protocol-related indicators were other frequently used indicators. Most indicators differ in their definitions even when they are meant to measure the same underlying concept. More importantly, many definitions are not precise, prohibiting their applicability and hence the reproducibility and comparability of research results. CONCLUSIONS: An unambiguous indicator reference subset is necessary. The result of this systematic review can be used as a starting point from which to develop a standard list of well defined indicators that are associated with clinical outcomes or that concur with clinicians' subjective views on the quality of the regulatory process.

title: A systematic review on quality indicators for tight glycaemic control in critically ill XXXX : need for an unambiguous indicator reference subset.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare a new low-dose @entity1229 induction regimen with the Fennerty regimen in elderly inpatients. DESIGN: Age-stratified, randomized prospective study. SUBJECTS: 120 age-stratified elderly inpatients. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was randomized to either the new induction regimen or to a modified Fennerty regimen. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Days to therapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR >2); days in the therapeutic range (INR 2-3) during induction; number of @entity1 with INR >4.5; ability of day 4 INR to predict day 8 @entity1229 dose. RESULTS: The mean time to therapeutic INR was longer for the new induction regimen than modified Fennerty regimen in @entity1 aged 65-75 years [4.6 (mean) +/- 1.6 (SD) days vs 3.8 +/- 0.8 days; P = 0.03] and in @entity1 aged >75 years (4.5 +/- 1.4 days vs 3.5 +/- 0.7 days; P = 0.003). @entity1 spent more time in the therapeutic INR range with the new induction regimen [3.0 +/- 1.3 days vs 2.7 +/- 1.3 days (P = 0.03) for those aged 65-75 years and 2.9 +/- 1.1 days vs 2.4 +/- 1.3 days (P = 0.04 for those aged >75 years]. Fewer @entity1 using the new regimen had INRs >4.5 in the first 8 days [1 (3%) vs 6 (20%) for 65-75 years (P < 0.05) and 1 (3%) vs 11 (37%) for >75 years (P < 0.01)]. The ability to predict the maintenance dose to within 1 mg was 55% for both regimens. CONCLUSION: The low-dose regimen has important clinical advantages over the Fennerty regimen for anticoagulating elderly inpatients.

title: A comparison of a low-dose XXXX induction regimen with the modified Fennerty regimen in elderly inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: @entity11150 @entity2340 auxotrophic mutants have been isolated after UV irradiation of conidiospores. The mutants belong to two different complementation groups, trpA and trpB, which complement each other in heterokaryons. Neither of the mutations could be complemented with the cloned A. @entity3456 trpC gene. To obtain A. @entity3456 trpC mutants in a direct way, gene inactivation by cotransformation was performed. For this purpose an in-frame gene fusion between the A. @entity3456 trpC and @entity526 lacZ genes was constructed and shown to be functionally expressed after introduction into A. @entity3456 by cotransformation with the pyrA gene as selective marker. Among the beta-galactosidase expressing cotransformants, obtained with either circular or linearized vectors, no trpC mutants were detected, even after enrichment. Such mutants, however, could be obtained by cotransformation of A. @entity3456 with specific fragments of the fusion gene. Biochemical analysis of the cotransformants indicated that in nearly all cases the fusion gene had replaced the wild-type trpC gene. Genetic analysis showed that the trpC mutation is not linked to any of the A. @entity3456 loci described so far. The trpC mutants can be complemented by the cloned A. @entity3456 trpC gene as well as by the A. nidulans trpC gene.

title: XXXX auxotrophic mutants in @entity11150 : inactivation of the trpC gene by cotransformation mutagenesis.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['Tryptophan']


abstract: @entity11150 @entity2340 auxotrophic mutants have been isolated after UV irradiation of conidiospores. The mutants belong to two different complementation groups, trpA and trpB, which complement each other in heterokaryons. Neither of the mutations could be complemented with the cloned A. @entity3456 trpC gene. To obtain A. @entity3456 trpC mutants in a direct way, gene inactivation by cotransformation was performed. For this purpose an in-frame gene fusion between the A. @entity3456 trpC and @entity526 lacZ genes was constructed and shown to be functionally expressed after introduction into A. @entity3456 by cotransformation with the pyrA gene as selective marker. Among the beta-galactosidase expressing cotransformants, obtained with either circular or linearized vectors, no trpC mutants were detected, even after enrichment. Such mutants, however, could be obtained by cotransformation of A. @entity3456 with specific fragments of the fusion gene. Biochemical analysis of the cotransformants indicated that in nearly all cases the fusion gene had replaced the wild-type trpC gene. Genetic analysis showed that the trpC mutation is not linked to any of the A. @entity3456 loci described so far. The trpC mutants can be complemented by the cloned A. @entity3456 trpC gene as well as by the A. nidulans trpC gene.

title: @entity2340 auxotrophic mutants in XXXX : inactivation of the trpC gene by cotransformation mutagenesis.

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger']


abstract: Data from pure breeds, as well as reciprocal crosses of German Angus (GA) and Simmental (SIM) beef @entity291 , were used to estimate genetic parameters and to evaluate the suitability for crossbreeding in terms of increasing productivity. Traits of interest were calving difficulty, birth weight (BWT), @entity353 ( @entity353 ), and ADG from birth to weaning. Data were collected over a period of 7 yr from 1997 and 1998 until 2003 and 2004, whereas crossbreeding was carried out in 2002 and 2003, and 2003 and 2004 only. Variance components and differences between breeds, individual heterosis, and maternal breed effects were analyzed based on 1,441 purebred and 329 crossbred records for BWT and 1,319 purebred and 316 crossbred records for @entity353 and ADG, respectively. Mean calving difficulty scores were greater in SIM than in GA (P < 0.001). For BWT, @entity353 , and ADG both reciprocal crosses fell between the purebreds, and for all 3 traits SIM showed greater average values compared with GA. The estimated heritabilities were 0.23 for BWT and 0.12 for @entity353 . Values for the maternal effect and the correlation between additive and maternal effect were 0.18 for BWT, 0.08 for @entity353 , 0.32 for BWT, and 0.50 for @entity353 , respectively. Individual heterosis was only significant for BWT (3.7%; P < 0.01). Superior mothering ability of SIM was implicated by greater @entity353 and ADG of SIM as dam against the reciprocal cross (P < 0.001). The results provide information about the extent of individual heterosis and maternal breed effects.

title: Estimation of genetic and crossbreeding parameters for preweaning traits in German Angus and Simmental beef XXXX and the reciprocal crosses.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weaning weight', 'WWT']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physicians in primary and secondary care are frequently confronted with @entity1 with @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ). In order to solve their @entity1 ' problems and out of a fear of overlooking a serious disease, many physicians give their @entity1 full physical examinations and interventions, thereby incorrectly confirming the somatic nature of their condition. Preventing somatization could be achieved by examining the @entity1 's symptom presentation for clues to underlying psychosocial issues and by an appropriate physician response. METHODS: Ninety-seven videotaped medical visits from primary care @entity1 presenting @entity1109 for the first time were analyzed. @entity1 ' presentations were categorized in: (1) symptoms only; (2) symptoms with a clue to an underlying concern; or (3) symptoms with an explicit concern. General practitioners' (GPs') responses to @entity1 ' presentation were classified into ignoring or more or less exploring responses. Exploring responses were further subdivided in non-directional explorations, clue explorations and medical explorations. RESULTS: Results show that most @entity1 presented their symptoms together with a reference to an underlying concern. Yet, most of them did so in an implicit way. GPs usually explored the concern presented by the @entity1 , but most often in a medical way only. CONCLUSION: To address the potential psychological basis of @entity1 ' @entity1109 , GPs should pay more attention to the specific clues @entity1 present to them. Likewise, in order to receive full attention, @entity1 should try to present their concerns more explicitly.

title: General practitioners' responses to the initial presentation of XXXX : a quantitative analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['medically unexplained symptoms', 'MUS']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['medically unexplained symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine relationships among Bruch's membrane ultrastructure, @entity528 , and @entity194 with respect to zones of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) degeneration and @entity194 adjacent to the optic nerve head, as a function of age. DESIGN: @entity1 tissue study using clinicopathologic correlation. TISSUES: Eyes from @entity1 36 to 93 years of age lacking clinical evidence of @entity726 , @entity1781 , severe @entity1714 , age-related @entity1020 , or other macular or peripapillary chorioretinal pathologic condition. METHODS: Sections through the retina-choroid complex at the temporal aspect of the optic nerve head were used for light microscopic histopathologic analysis (n = 17), electron microscopy (n = 9), carbonic anhydrase histochemical analysis (n = 7), and lipid histochemical analysis (n = 22). Retinal whole mounts were used for photoreceptor counts (n = 5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We determined the width of @entity989 and @entity194 , the number of eyes with abnormalities of inner Bruch's membrane, and the number of rod and cone photoreceptors within 1 mm of the disc margin. We determined whether Bruch's membrane changes, @entity528 , and @entity194 were associated with @entity989 and @entity194 . RESULTS: All eyes had @entity989 , degeneration, or both. The zone of @entity989 @entity194 widened significantly after age 75. Thickening of inner Bruch's membrane and abnormalities of the @entity989 basal lamina were associated with degenerating and @entity989 . The @entity989 basal lamina was narrow, reduplicated, or thickened as a basal laminar deposit. All eyes exhibited @entity528 but not cones at the peripapillary termination of Bruch's membrane. Diminution of choriocapillaris coverage of Bruch's membrane was associated with @entity989 . @entity2319 was associated with @entity989 @entity194 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that peripapillary @entity5066 is an age-related degeneration of the @entity989 -Bruch's membrane complex that resembles that found in the macula and periphery of normal eyes.

title: Peripapillary XXXX : Bruch's membrane changes and photoreceptor loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['Complete loss of the choriocapillaris']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'choriocapillaris atrophy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic RPE in all eyes', 'retinal pigment epithelium', 'peripapillary RPE atrophy', 'RPE degeneration', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and loss of rods', 'photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity5066 :: (MESH:C566236,Disease) :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a significant problem in @entity1 with @entity43 . The goal of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in @entity1 with @entity43 treated in an integrative @entity5 treatment setting. METHODS: We evaluated a case series of 132 @entity43 @entity1 treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America(R) from Jan 2001 to May 2006. SGA was used to assess nutritional status at baseline. Using SGA, @entity1 were classified as well nourished (SGA A), moderately malnourished (SGA B) or severely malnourished (SGA C). Kaplan Meier method was used to calculate survival. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of SGA independent of other factors. RESULTS: Of 132 @entity1 , 24 were newly diagnosed while 108 had received prior treatment. 15 had stage I disease at diagnosis, 8 stage II, 85 stage III and 17 stage IV. The median age at presentation was 54.4 years (range 25.5 - 82.5 years). 66 @entity1 were well-nourished (SGA A), 35 moderately malnourished (SGA B) and 31 severely malnourished (SGA C). Well nourished @entity1 had a median survival of 19.3 months (95% CI: 14.1 to 24.5), moderately malnourished 15.5 months (95% CI: 5.8 to 25.1), and severely malnourished 6.7 months (95% CI: 4.1 to 9.3); the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.0003). Multivariate Cox modeling, after adjusting for stage at diagnosis and prior treatment history found that moderately malnourished and severely malnourished status were associated with a relative risk of 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.6, p = 0.008) and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.9 to 5.8, p < 0.001) respectively as compared to well nourished status. CONCLUSION: Univariate and multivariate survival analyses found that low SGA scores (i.e. well-nourished status) are associated with better survival outcomes. This study lends support to the role of aggressive nutritional intervention in improving @entity1 outcomes in @entity5 care.

title: Can subjective global assessment of nutritional status predict survival in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Among @entity259 , @entity1637 ( @entity1637 ) have traditionally been a distinct diagnostic category. Hurthle cell @entity652 are encapsulated follicular lesions with benign behavior. @entity1358 exhibit unequivocal capsular and/or vascular invasion; they are @entity146 with a poor prognosis. Recently, Hurthle cell @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) have been identified on morphological grounds. We hypothesize that a subset of @entity1637 represent PTC with clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features based on specific molecular events. @entity8958 /PTC gene rearrangements give rise to novel oncogenes that are unique to PTC. We studied a group (n = 50) of @entity1637 for @entity8958 /PTC gene rearrangements. @entity5 were examined for papillary differentiation by light microscopic evaluation of nuclear features, by RT-PCR for @entity8958 /PTC gene rearrangements, and by immunohistochemistry for @entity8958 . Among 24 noninvasive @entity5 , 13 contained @entity10731 for @entity8958 / @entity2750 , -2, or -3, and 9 of these were immunoreactive for @entity8958 . Among 19 @entity1358 , 15 had focal @entity10307 with grooves and/or inclusions; expressed transcripts of @entity8958 / @entity2750 , -2, or-3; and exhibited @entity8958 positivity. @entity5 with @entity8958 /PTC gene rearrangements tended to have lymph node @entity3 rather than hematogenous spread. Our results indicate that a subset of @entity1637 exhibit features of PTC that are attributable to specific gene rearrangements, resulting in expression of @entity8958 /PTC oncogenes. These data support subclassification of @entity1637 into three groups: Hurthle cell @entity652 , @entity1358 , and Hurthle cell PTC.

title: Molecular basis off hurthle cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'PTCs']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['HCTs', 'Hurthle cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity10307 :: ('MESH:C564596', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear hypochromasia']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare 2 different nonradioactive assay methods with a conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) measuring the concentration of serum @entity1955 (T4) in horses. Serum was obtained from 85 adult standardbred @entity1641 . The T4 concentration of each sample was analyzed by RIA, chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CEI), and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). The correlation between the @entity2246 method and RIA method was significantly greater (r = 0.89) than the correlation between the CEI and the reference method (r = 0.53). In addition, the precision of the @entity2246 method was significantly greater than the CEI method; within-run percentage coefficients of variation were 4.5% and 15.9%, respectively, at mean T4 concentrations of 19-20 nmol/liter. On the basis of these findings, the @entity2246 method was evaluated further. Both between-run precision and linearity were deemed adequate upon dilution by the @entity2246 method. In addition, recovery of @entity1955 added to equine serum was linear over 6 concentrations tested and averaged 79.6% with a manufacturer recommended data correction factor. An in-house correction factor was calculated by linear regression analysis of the RIA and @entity2246 results from the original equine serum samples. Use of this correction factor improved the average recovery to 94.2% while maintaining excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9978). Although both nonradioactive methods of T4 analysis could likely substitute for the RIA reference method, the @entity2246 method had the highest correlation and precision. The @entity2246 technique also yielded adequately accurate results after correction of the data with an appropriate correction factor. Individually derived in-house correction factors may improve the accuracy of the @entity2246 method to a greater extent than manufacturer suggested correction factors.

title: Correlation of two nonradioactive immunoassays to a radioimmunoassay technique for XXXX measurement in equine serum.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['homogeneous enzyme immunoassay', 'HEI']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) accuracy can vary substantially depending on the dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) acquisition and postprocessing methods, due to blood-brain barrier disruption and resulting T1-weighted leakage and T2- and/or T2*-weighted imaging (T2/T2*WI) residual effects. We set out to determine optimal DSC conditions that address these errors and maximize rCBV accuracy in differentiating posttreatment radiation effect (PTRE) and @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited @entity1 with previously treated high-grade @entity11 undergoing image-guided re-resection of recurrent contrast-enhancing MR imaging lesions. Thirty-six surgical tissue samples were collected from 11 subjects. Preoperative 3T DSC used 6 sequential evenly timed acquisitions, each by using a 0.05-mmol/kg @entity5777 bolus. Preload dosing (PLD) and baseline subtraction (BLS) techniques corrected T1-weighted leakage and T2/T2*WI residual effects, respectively. PLD amount and incubation time increased with each sequential acquisition. Corresponding tissue specimen stereotactic locations were coregistered to DSC to measure localized rCBV under varying PLD amounts, incubation times, and the presence of BLS. rCBV thresholds were determined to maximize test accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) in distinguishing @entity5 (n = 21) and PTRE (n = 15) samples under the varying conditions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUCs) were statistically compared. RESULTS: The protocol that combined PLD (0.1-mmol/kg amount, 6-minute incubation time) and BLS correction methods maximized test AUC (0.99) and accuracy (95.2%) compared with uncorrected rCBV AUC (0.85) and accuracy (81.0%) measured without PLD and BLS (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Combining PLD and BLS correction methods for T1-weighted and T2/T2*WI errors, respectively, enables highly accurate differentiation of PTRE and @entity5 growth.

title: Optimized preload leakage-correction methods to improve the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging in posttreatment XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5777 :: ('MESH:C064925', 'Chemical') :: ['gadodiamide']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common condition with substantial health consequences. A recent randomized trial found that playing the didgeridoo improved both subjective and objective sleep measures. We undertook a cross-sectional survey of professional orchestra players to test the hypothesis that playing a wind instrument would be associated with a lower risk of @entity27 . METHODS: An anonymous internet-based survey of professional orchestra members assessed risk of @entity387 using the Berlin questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between playing a wind instrument and having a high risk score on the Berlin questionnaire, both unadjusted and adjusted for age, body mass index, and gender. RESULTS: A total of 1,111 orchestra members responded, including 369 (33%) wind instrument players. Wind players were more often male and had a higher body mass index than non-wind players. Of all musicians, 348 (31%) had a high risk of @entity387 . Wind players were more likely than non-wind players to be at high risk in unadjusted analysis (Odds ratio=1.47, 95% CI 1.13, 1.91), though this association was not significant in adjusted analysis (Odds ratio=1.12 (0.82, 1.54)). CONCLUSION: Playing a wind instrument was not associated with a lower risk of @entity27 .

title: Risk of XXXX in orchestra members.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'Obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of dissecting epiciliary proliferative tissue in eyes that are hypotonous. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Eight @entity1 (nine eyes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Normalization of intraocular pressure and preservation of vision. METHODS: A chart review was conducted to locate all surgical procedures performed primarily for @entity8814 . Nine procedures on eight eyes of eight @entity1 seen in the vitreoretinal service of the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute were identified and included in this study. Six of these eyes had undergone prior surgery for @entity1713 in association with proliferative @entity1715 , one had undergone surgery for @entity1713 in the setting of a @entity397 , and two had undergone @entity231 surgery and coined the diagnoses of @entity1596 ( @entity309 and @entity370 ). Dissection and removal of the epiciliary proliferative tissue and lens capsule was undertaken by two surgeons (EdJ and @entity21506 ) using either a pars plana or limbal approach. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity after an average follow-up of 26 months (range, 9-48 months). RESULTS: In the immediate postoperative period, all @entity1 showed an increase in IOP (average increase of 6.3 mm Hg; range, 3-14 mmHg). This average increase in IOP decreased to 5.2 mmHg at 6 months and 4.2 mm Hg at 12 or more months of follow-up. The rate of the IOP decrease appeared to lessen with time, suggesting long-term stabilization. Visual acuity remained stable in all @entity1 , although the final level of vision was low. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention for @entity8814 with greater than 1 year follow-up continues to show elevated IOP in some @entity1 , despite the fact that the large initial increase in IOP is not sustained. No eye had @entity1907 develop or became @entity158 . However, no eye had marked improvement in vision. Further study is needed to uncover the main contributing factors that result in @entity8814 before IOP can be maintained for prolonged periods in more @entity735 and before these eyes can regain more vision.

title: The surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonous eyes']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured globe']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity8814 :: (MESH:D015814,Disease) :: ['hypotony']