abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the differential CT features of gastric @entity5 ( @entity5 ) from well-differentiated NETs (WD-NETs) and @entity356 ( @entity420 ) and to suggest differential features of hepatic metastases from gastric NETs and @entity420 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study population was comprised of 36 @entity1 with gastric NETs (18 WD-NETs, 18 @entity5 ) and 38 @entity1 with gastric @entity420 who served as our control group. Multiple CT features were assessed to identify significant differential CT findings of @entity5 from WD-NETs and @entity420 . In addition, CT features of hepatic metastases including the metastasis-to-liver ratio were analyzed to differentiate metastatic NETs from @entity420 . RESULTS: The presence of metastatic lymph nodes was the sole differentiator of @entity5 from WD-NETs (P   =   .001, odds ratio   =   56.67), while the presence of intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting was the sole significant CT feature differentiating @entity5 from @entity420 (P   =   .047, odds ratio   =   15.3) For hepatic metastases, metastases from NETs were more hyper-attenuated than those from @entity420 . CONCLUSION: The presence of metastatic LNs and intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting are useful CT discriminators of @entity5 from WD-NETs and @entity420 , respectively. In addition, a higher metastasis-to-liver ratio may help differentiate hepatic metastases of gastric NETs from those of gastric @entity420 with high accuracy. KEY POINTS:     Presence of metastatic LNs is a useful differentiator of @entity5 from WD-NETs.     Intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting suggests @entity5 more than gastric @entity420 .     Metastatic LNs are larger in size and greater in necrotic volume in @entity5 .     Hepatic metastases from gastric NETs are more hyper-attenuated than those from @entity420 .

title: CT differentiation of poorly-differentiated @entity5 from well-differentiated @entity5 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours', 'PD-NETs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the differential CT features of gastric @entity5 ( @entity5 ) from well-differentiated NETs (WD-NETs) and @entity356 ( @entity420 ) and to suggest differential features of hepatic metastases from gastric NETs and @entity420 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study population was comprised of 36 @entity1 with gastric NETs (18 WD-NETs, 18 @entity5 ) and 38 @entity1 with gastric @entity420 who served as our control group. Multiple CT features were assessed to identify significant differential CT findings of @entity5 from WD-NETs and @entity420 . In addition, CT features of hepatic metastases including the metastasis-to-liver ratio were analyzed to differentiate metastatic NETs from @entity420 . RESULTS: The presence of metastatic lymph nodes was the sole differentiator of @entity5 from WD-NETs (P   =   .001, odds ratio   =   56.67), while the presence of intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting was the sole significant CT feature differentiating @entity5 from @entity420 (P   =   .047, odds ratio   =   15.3) For hepatic metastases, metastases from NETs were more hyper-attenuated than those from @entity420 . CONCLUSION: The presence of metastatic LNs and intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting are useful CT discriminators of @entity5 from WD-NETs and @entity420 , respectively. In addition, a higher metastasis-to-liver ratio may help differentiate hepatic metastases of gastric NETs from those of gastric @entity420 with high accuracy. KEY POINTS:     Presence of metastatic LNs is a useful differentiator of @entity5 from WD-NETs.     Intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting suggests @entity5 more than gastric @entity420 .     Metastatic LNs are larger in size and greater in necrotic volume in @entity5 .     Hepatic metastases from gastric NETs are more hyper-attenuated than those from @entity420 .

title: CT differentiation of poorly-differentiated XXXX from well-differentiated @entity5 and @entity356 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastric neuroendocrine tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the differential CT features of gastric @entity5 ( @entity5 ) from well-differentiated NETs (WD-NETs) and @entity356 ( @entity420 ) and to suggest differential features of hepatic metastases from gastric NETs and @entity420 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study population was comprised of 36 @entity1 with gastric NETs (18 WD-NETs, 18 @entity5 ) and 38 @entity1 with gastric @entity420 who served as our control group. Multiple CT features were assessed to identify significant differential CT findings of @entity5 from WD-NETs and @entity420 . In addition, CT features of hepatic metastases including the metastasis-to-liver ratio were analyzed to differentiate metastatic NETs from @entity420 . RESULTS: The presence of metastatic lymph nodes was the sole differentiator of @entity5 from WD-NETs (P   =   .001, odds ratio   =   56.67), while the presence of intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting was the sole significant CT feature differentiating @entity5 from @entity420 (P   =   .047, odds ratio   =   15.3) For hepatic metastases, metastases from NETs were more hyper-attenuated than those from @entity420 . CONCLUSION: The presence of metastatic LNs and intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting are useful CT discriminators of @entity5 from WD-NETs and @entity420 , respectively. In addition, a higher metastasis-to-liver ratio may help differentiate hepatic metastases of gastric NETs from those of gastric @entity420 with high accuracy. KEY POINTS:     Presence of metastatic LNs is a useful differentiator of @entity5 from WD-NETs.     Intact overlying mucosa with mucosal tenting suggests @entity5 more than gastric @entity420 .     Metastatic LNs are larger in size and greater in necrotic volume in @entity5 .     Hepatic metastases from gastric NETs are more hyper-attenuated than those from @entity420 .

title: CT differentiation of poorly-differentiated @entity5 from well-differentiated XXXX and @entity356 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumours']


abstract: Learning and memory processes critically involve the orchestrated regulation of de novo protein synthesis. On the other hand it has become clear that regulated protein degradation also plays a major role in neuronal plasticity and @entity146 . One of the key pathways mediating protein degradation is proteosomal protein destruction. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome ( @entity1412 /C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for proteosomal degradation by the 26S proteasome. While the @entity1412 /C is essential for cell cycle progression it is also expressed in postmitotic neurons where it has been implicated with axonal outgrowth and neuronal survival. In this study we addressed the role of @entity1412 /C in learning and memory function by generating @entity19 that lack the essential subunit @entity72116 from excitatory neurons of the adult forebrain. Those animals are viable but exhibit a severe impairment in the ability to extinct fear memories, a process critical for the treatment of @entity148 such as @entity913 or @entity1005 . Since deregulated protein degradation and @entity1412 /C activity has been implicated with @entity179 we also analyzed the effect of @entity72116 deletion in a @entity19 model for @entity195 . In our experimental setting loss of @entity72116 form principle forebrain neurons did not affect the course of pathology in an @entity195 @entity19 model. In conclusion, our data provides genetic evidence that @entity1412 /C activity in the adult forebrain is required for cognitive function.

title: The anaphase promoting complex is required for memory function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['learning behavior']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Distal symmetric @entity305 (DSPN), the most common form of @entity3949 , has a complex pathophysiology and can be a major source of physical and @entity717 . The management of DSPN can be frustrating for both @entity1 and physician. This article provides a general overview of typical @entity1 pathways in DSPN, and highlights variations in diagnosis, management, and referral patterns among different providers. DSPN is managed in several settings by primary care physicians (PCPs), specialists, and nurse practitioners. The initial clinical management of the @entity1 is often dependent on the presenting complaint, the referral pattern of the provider, level of comfort of the PCP in managing @entity2412 , and geographic access to specialists. The primary treatment of DSPN focuses mainly on glycemic control and adjustment of modifiable risk factors, but other causes of @entity16 should also be investigated. Several pharmacologic agents are recommended by treatment guidelines, and as DSPN typically exists with comorbid conditions, a multimodal therapeutic approach should be considered. Barriers to effective management include failure to recognize DSPN, and misdiagnosis. @entity1 education also remains important. Referral patterns vary widely according to geographic location, access to services, provider preferences, and comfort in managing complex aspects of the disease. The variability in @entity1 pathways affects @entity1 education, satisfaction, and outcomes. Standardized screening tools, a multidisciplinary team approach, and treatment algorithms for @entity3949 should improve future care. To improve @entity1 outcomes, DSPN needs to be diagnosed sooner and interventions made before significant nerve damage occurs.

title: Pathways in the Diagnosis and Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychologic disability']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Polyneuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The rodent anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical for @entity3825 and @entity158 -related aversive response in chronic visceral hypersensitive (VH) state. Long-term potentiation (LTP), induced by @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) in the medial thalamus (MT)-ACC pathway, is blocked in VH @entity35 . However, the neuronal intrinsic firing characteristics and the MT-ACC connectivity have not been investigated in @entity3825 . Using repetitive distension of the colon and rectum (rCRD) as a sensitization paradigm, we have identified that the spontaneous firing rates of ACC neurons and the @entity1509 -stimulated neuronal firings were increased after repetitive visceral noxious stimulation. This correlates with @entity3825 responses (visceromotor responses, VMRs). Two multichannel arrays of electrodes were implanted in the MT and ACC. Recordings were performed in free-moving @entity35 before and after repeated @entity1509 treatment. Power spectral density analysis showed that the local field potential (LFP) recorded in the ACC displayed increases in theta band power (4-10Hz) that were modulated by rCRD. Neural spike activity in the ACC becomes synchronized with ongoing theta oscillations of LFP. Furthermore, cross correlation analysis showed augmented synchronization of thalamo-ACC theta band LFPs, which was consistent with an increase of neuronal communication between the two regions. In conclusion, these results reveal theta oscillations and theta-frequency phase-locking as prominent features of neural activity in the ACC and a candidate neural mechanism underlying acute @entity3825 .

title: Theta-frequency phase-locking of single anterior cingulate cortex neurons and synchronization with the medial thalamus are modulated by visceral noxious stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['increases in visceral pain', 'visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['theta burst stimulation', 'TBS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural catheters placed for perioperative @entity1337 in young @entity1 confer clinical benefits but are technically challenging to insert. Approximations of the skin to epidural space depth in this population are limited to direct needle measurement and ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most comprehensive imaging modality of the spine. This study aims to produce a more clinically useful formula from MRI data to estimate pediatric @entity92 . METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with normal lumbar spine MR images were enrolled. After @entity92 , linear regression was used to estimate a weight-based formula. Analysis of variance and bootstrap methods were used to evaluate this formula against 4 commonly cited formulae. The quality of predictions was evaluated using the mean absolute prediction error. RESULTS: The estimated weight-based formula as derived by MRI data is given by: skin to @entity92 (mm) = 9.00 + 0.62 * weight in kilograms. The mean absolute prediction error was 2.56 mm (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.12-3.04) for the new formula. Additional derived formulae are skin to dorsal dura depth (mm) = 13.52 + 0.71 * weight in kilograms (mean absolute prediction error, 2.48 mm; 95% CI, 2.00-3.03) and skin to ventral dural depth (mm) = 23.08 + 0.86 * weight in kilograms (mean absolute prediction error, 2.50 mm; 95% CI, 2.04-3.06). CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first predictive formulae, based on MRI data, for pediatric @entity92 estimation.

title: Evaluation of the skin to epidural and subarachnoid space distance in young XXXX using magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['determination of epidural depth', 'epidural depth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several studies have found a significant association between the presence of earlobe crease (ELC) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) is a non-invasive and useful measure of arterial stiffness predicting @entity65 and mortality. However, few studies have reported the relationship between ELC and baPWV as a new measure of arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ELC is related to baPWV in non-diabetic, non- @entity101 , and apparently healthy Korean adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 573 non- @entity101 , non-diabetic Korean adults aged 20-80 yr. Subjects were stratified into three groups according to gender and menopausal status. baPWV was measured by an automatic waveform analyser. The association between ELC and baPWV was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for conventional @entity65 risk factors including age, gender, blood pressure, lipid profile, and smoking status etc. RESULTS: The overall frequency of ELC was 19.02% and the subjects with ELC showed significantly higher mean baPWV (p<0.0001). Multiple linear regression of subjects revealed that the presence of ELC was independently associated with baPWV (male, p<0.0001; premenopausal female p=0.0162; postmenopausal female p=0.0208). CONCLUSION: ELC had a significant correlation with baPWV, independently controlling for other classical cardiovascular risk factors in adults aged 20 yr or older. ELC is an important surrogate marker of increased arterial stiffness as measured by baPWV in Korean adults.

title: Relationship Between Earlobe Crease and Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Non-hypertensive, Non-diabetic Adults']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) has been widely studied due to its global distribution, slow degradation, high bioaccumulation and toxicological effects on vertebrates. However, the potential @entity137 of @entity14912 to crustaceans is little known. The present study investigated the effects of @entity14912 on the immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in the Chinese mitten-handed crab @entity21397 . Crabs were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10mg/L of @entity14912 , and sampled on 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21days respectively. The total hemocyte count and lysozyme activity in @entity14912 -treated crab were significantly lower than in the control. The exposure to 10mg/L of @entity14912 led to a marked inhibition in phenoloxidase and @entity224 dismutase activities. At other @entity14912 levels, phenoloxidase and @entity224 dismutase showed an initial increase and a subsequent decrease over time. The alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were stimulated in 10mg/L @entity14912 until 21days. The mRNA expression of immune related genes including hepatopancreas-specific C-type lectin and prophenoloxidase activating factors were up-regulated after the exposure to the concentrations of 1 and 10mg/L of @entity14912 , while the expression of lysozyme gene was up-regulated only in the crab exposed to 0.1mg/L @entity14912 . The results demonstrate that the high dose of @entity14912 leads to immune @entity137 and the hepatopancreas is a major target organ for @entity14912 accumulation and immunotoxicity. Hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase are useful biomarkers for the risk assessment of @entity14912 @entity137 to crustaceans.

title: Effects of XXXX on the immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in Chinese mitten-handed crab @entity21397 .

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21397 :: ('95602', 'Species') :: ['Eriocheir sinensis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity14911 :: (MESH:C076994,Chemical) :: ['perfluorooctane sulfonate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) has been widely studied due to its global distribution, slow degradation, high bioaccumulation and toxicological effects on vertebrates. However, the potential @entity137 of @entity14912 to crustaceans is little known. The present study investigated the effects of @entity14912 on the immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in the Chinese mitten-handed crab @entity21397 . Crabs were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10mg/L of @entity14912 , and sampled on 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21days respectively. The total hemocyte count and lysozyme activity in @entity14912 -treated crab were significantly lower than in the control. The exposure to 10mg/L of @entity14912 led to a marked inhibition in phenoloxidase and @entity224 dismutase activities. At other @entity14912 levels, phenoloxidase and @entity224 dismutase showed an initial increase and a subsequent decrease over time. The alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were stimulated in 10mg/L @entity14912 until 21days. The mRNA expression of immune related genes including hepatopancreas-specific C-type lectin and prophenoloxidase activating factors were up-regulated after the exposure to the concentrations of 1 and 10mg/L of @entity14912 , while the expression of lysozyme gene was up-regulated only in the crab exposed to 0.1mg/L @entity14912 . The results demonstrate that the high dose of @entity14912 leads to immune @entity137 and the hepatopancreas is a major target organ for @entity14912 accumulation and immunotoxicity. Hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase are useful biomarkers for the risk assessment of @entity14912 @entity137 to crustaceans.

title: Effects of @entity14911 on the immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in Chinese mitten-handed crab XXXX .

answer: @entity21397 :: (95602,Species) :: ['Eriocheir sinensis']


abstract: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and symmetric differences squared ( @entity214 ) methods for estimating genetic and environmental variances and covariances associated with beef @entity291 weaning weight were compared via simulation. Simulation was based on the pedigree and record structure of 503 beef weaning weights collected over 19 yr from a university herd. The @entity214 methodology was used with four models. The simplest model included direct (g) and maternal (gm) additive genetic effects, genetic covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects (sigma ggm), permanent maternal environmental effects (m) and temporary environmental effects (e). The second model also allowed for a nonzero environmental covariance (sigma mem) between dam and offspring weaning weights. Models 3 and 4 were models 1 and 2, respectively, expanded to include a grandmaternal genetic effect (gn) and covariances sigma ggn and sigma gmgn. Two ANOVA solution sets for the parameters of model 4 were obtained using sire, dam, maternal grandsire, maternal grandam and phenotypic variances and offspring-dam (covOD), offspring-sire (covOS), offspring-grandam (covOGD), and offspring-maternal half-aunt or uncle (covOMH) covariances. Four ANOVA solution sets for the parameters of model 2 were obtained using sire, dam, within dam and maternal grandsire variances, covOD and either covOS or covOGD. Two sets of 1,000 replicates of the data were simulated. These data were used to compare precision and accuracy of @entity214 and ANOVA estimators, to estimate correlations among @entity214 and ANOVA estimators, and to study the importance of taking inbreeding into account with @entity214 methodology. All ANOVA estimators for rho ggm were biased downward. The @entity214 procedure had a clear advantage over ANOVA. Averages of @entity214 estimates were closer to parameter values used to simulate the data and their standard deviations were generally smaller. The standard deviations of both @entity214 and ANOVA estimates of rho ggm were very large. It is important to allow for a nonzero sigma mem (at least when it is negative) when using @entity214 methods; otherwise estimators of sigma 2gm and sigma ggm are biased upward and downward, respectively.

title: Symmetric differences squared and analysis of variance procedures for estimating genetic and environmental variances and covariances for beef XXXX weaning weight: I. Comparison via simulation.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The principal mechanism of cellular uptake of @entity3014 and other @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) from lipoproteins into cells is spontaneous transfer through the aqueous phase (Plant, A. L., Benson, D.M., and Smith, L.C. (1985) J. Cell Biol. 100, 1295-1308). Cellular uptake of @entity3014 from low density lipoproteins followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant that was independent of the relative lipoprotein concentrations or cell number but which was 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the rate constant for @entity3014 desorption from low density lipoproteins. Moreover, identical rate constants for cellular uptake of @entity3014 were observed when the donor vehicle was high density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, or single bilayer @entity2434 vesicles, even though rate constants for @entity3014 transfer from these donor vehicles differed by 10-fold. When @entity2434 vesicles containing @entity3014 and a nontransferable fluorescence quencher were mixed with cells in a stopped-flow system, two kinetic components were distinguished: a fast component with a rate constant corresponding to that measured for transfer of @entity3014 out of vesicles, followed by a much slower component, with a time course approximating that measured for cellular accumulation of @entity3014 by other techniques. Rate constants for desorption of a series of @entity2556 which contained different number of aromatic rings from @entity2434 vesicles differed over a 70-fold range. First-order rate constants for cell uptake of @entity3014 and five other @entity2556 of different molecular sizes had the same 70-fold range of values, but were 2 orders of magnitude smaller than their respective rate constants for desorption from single bilayer vesicles. In addition, activation energies for cell uptake were essentially identical to the respective activation energies for desorption of @entity2556 from @entity2434 vesicles, confirming the mechanistic similarity of the two processes.

title: Mechanism and rate of permeation of cells by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Aims. To explore the effects and mechanisms of fluid shear stress on portal vein remodeling in a @entity35 model of @entity101 . Methods. Subcutaneous injections of @entity40656 were given to establish a @entity35 model of @entity1575 and @entity101 . Biomechanical technology was adopted to determine the dynamic changes of haemodynamic indices and fluid shear stress. @entity842 (NO), synthase (NOS), and @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) of the portal vein blood were measured. Changes in geometric structure and ultrastructure of the portal vein were observed using optical and electron microscopy. Results. After the CC14 injections, @entity35 haemodynamics were notably altered. From week 4 onwards, @entity12468 , PVF, and PVR gradually and significantly increased (P < 0.05 versus baseline). The fluid shear stress declined from week 4 onwards (P < 0.01 versus control group). NO, NOS, and @entity1827 increased after repeated CCI4 injections. @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining showed thickened portal vein walls, with increased inside and outside diameters. Electron microscopy revealed different degrees of endothelial cell degeneration, destruction of basement membrane integrity, proliferating, and @entity1184 smooth muscle cells. Conclusions. Fluid shear stress not only influenced the biomechanical environment of the portal vein but also participated in vascular remodeling.

title: Effect of fluid shear stress on portal vein remodeling in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: Aims. To explore the effects and mechanisms of fluid shear stress on portal vein remodeling in a @entity35 model of @entity101 . Methods. Subcutaneous injections of @entity40656 were given to establish a @entity35 model of @entity1575 and @entity101 . Biomechanical technology was adopted to determine the dynamic changes of haemodynamic indices and fluid shear stress. @entity842 (NO), synthase (NOS), and @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) of the portal vein blood were measured. Changes in geometric structure and ultrastructure of the portal vein were observed using optical and electron microscopy. Results. After the CC14 injections, @entity35 haemodynamics were notably altered. From week 4 onwards, @entity12468 , PVF, and PVR gradually and significantly increased (P < 0.05 versus baseline). The fluid shear stress declined from week 4 onwards (P < 0.01 versus control group). NO, NOS, and @entity1827 increased after repeated CCI4 injections. @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining showed thickened portal vein walls, with increased inside and outside diameters. Electron microscopy revealed different degrees of endothelial cell degeneration, destruction of basement membrane integrity, proliferating, and @entity1184 smooth muscle cells. Conclusions. Fluid shear stress not only influenced the biomechanical environment of the portal vein but also participated in vascular remodeling.

title: Effect of fluid shear stress on portal vein remodeling in a XXXX model of @entity101 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant body @entity353 (BWL) is observed during 1  month after gastrectomy for @entity356 . However, it remains unclear which body component mainly accounts for the @entity353 . METHODS: Two-hundred forty-four @entity1 who underwent gastrectomy for @entity356 between May 2010 and October 2013 were examined. Body weight and composition were evaluated by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer within 1  week before surgery (first measurement), at 1  week after surgery (second measurement), and at 1  month after surgery (third measurement). The changes in the early period were defined as the differences until the second measurement, and those in the late period were defined as the differences from the second to the third measurement. RESULTS: Total BWL within 1  month was -3.4  kg, and the rate of body weight at 1  month to the preoperative body weight was 94.1  %. BWL was significantly greater in the early period than in the late period (-2.1  kg vs -1.2  kg, p  <  0.001). In the early period, loss of lean body mass was significantly greater than loss of fat mass (-1.5  kg vs -0.6  kg, p  <  0.001). The same trend was observed when the subset of @entity1 who had surgical morbidities was excluded. CONCLUSION: BWL during the first week after surgery was significantly greater than that during the subsequent 3  weeks. Furthermore, loss of lean body mass accounted for a significant part of the BWL during the first week.

title: Body composition analysis within 1  month after gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have confirmed that @entity1 with circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in their peripheral blood (PB) or disseminated @entity5 cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) might have bad prognosis. In this paper, we discuss whether CTCs/DTCs would be an appropriate biomarker to predict the prognosis of @entity43 . METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to collect relevant studies published from the time the database were created to February 2014. Studies quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The effect size was estimated by hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-analysis was conducted with STATA Version 12.0. RESULTS: Eight studies of 1184 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. In the PB group, it showed that @entity1 with positive CTCs had significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free survival than @entity1 with negative CTCs (HR, 2.09; CI, 1.13-3.88 and HR, 1.72; CI, 1.32-2.25, respectively). The same result was shown with DTCs in the BM group (HR, 1.61; CI, 1.27-2.04 and HR, 1.44; CI, 1.15-1.80, respectively). We also discussed the influence of CTCs/DTCs on International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, pathological grade with odds ratio and 95% CI. However, it did not show any statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The CTCs/DTCs might be a new biomarker to predict the prognosis of @entity43 . Future studies are needed to confirm this consequence.

title: The Predictive Value of Circulating XXXX Cells in @entity43 : A Meta Analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have confirmed that @entity1 with circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in their peripheral blood (PB) or disseminated @entity5 cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) might have bad prognosis. In this paper, we discuss whether CTCs/DTCs would be an appropriate biomarker to predict the prognosis of @entity43 . METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to collect relevant studies published from the time the database were created to February 2014. Studies quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The effect size was estimated by hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-analysis was conducted with STATA Version 12.0. RESULTS: Eight studies of 1184 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. In the PB group, it showed that @entity1 with positive CTCs had significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free survival than @entity1 with negative CTCs (HR, 2.09; CI, 1.13-3.88 and HR, 1.72; CI, 1.32-2.25, respectively). The same result was shown with DTCs in the BM group (HR, 1.61; CI, 1.27-2.04 and HR, 1.44; CI, 1.15-1.80, respectively). We also discussed the influence of CTCs/DTCs on International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, pathological grade with odds ratio and 95% CI. However, it did not show any statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The CTCs/DTCs might be a new biomarker to predict the prognosis of @entity43 . Future studies are needed to confirm this consequence.

title: The Predictive Value of Circulating @entity5 Cells in XXXX : A Meta Analysis.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Bioinformatics analysis of published microarray data. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the possible genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis of @entity1797 by analyzing the microarray data. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) is one of the main causes of @entity1643 , which has become an enormous economic burden for society. METHODS: Gene expression data of annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells from @entity1797 @entity1 and controls subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. T-test and enrichment analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DEGs-associated functions and pathways in @entity1797 respectively. Protein-protein interaction network and module were constructed to analyze the key nodes associated with this disease. RESULTS: Totally 326 DEGs and 35 DEGs were obtained from the annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells, respectively. The DEGs of @entity1797 in annulus cells were mainly involved in translation, cell adhesion, cell death regulation and skeletal system development whilst the DEGs in nucleus pulposus cells were mainly related to the biological processes of vascular system development, skeletal system development and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway. @entity1414 was the common DEGs in both annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells. The ribosomal proteins ( @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 ) in module were enriched in biological processes of translation, translation elongation and RNA processing. CONCLUSION: The results revealed the involvement of @entity1414 in skeletal system process and @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 in the protein synthesis processes in the progression of @entity1797 , suggesting their potential use in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity1797 .

title: Dysregulated @entity1414 and @entity28622 , @entity65723 , XXXX in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['Disc degeneration', 'DD']

answer: @entity50835 :: (6228,Gene) :: ['RPS23']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Bioinformatics analysis of published microarray data. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the possible genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis of @entity1797 by analyzing the microarray data. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) is one of the main causes of @entity1643 , which has become an enormous economic burden for society. METHODS: Gene expression data of annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells from @entity1797 @entity1 and controls subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. T-test and enrichment analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DEGs-associated functions and pathways in @entity1797 respectively. Protein-protein interaction network and module were constructed to analyze the key nodes associated with this disease. RESULTS: Totally 326 DEGs and 35 DEGs were obtained from the annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells, respectively. The DEGs of @entity1797 in annulus cells were mainly involved in translation, cell adhesion, cell death regulation and skeletal system development whilst the DEGs in nucleus pulposus cells were mainly related to the biological processes of vascular system development, skeletal system development and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway. @entity1414 was the common DEGs in both annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells. The ribosomal proteins ( @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 ) in module were enriched in biological processes of translation, translation elongation and RNA processing. CONCLUSION: The results revealed the involvement of @entity1414 in skeletal system process and @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 in the protein synthesis processes in the progression of @entity1797 , suggesting their potential use in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity1797 .

title: Dysregulated @entity1414 and XXXX , @entity65723 , @entity50835 in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods.

answer: @entity28622 :: (6132,Gene) :: ['RPL8']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Bioinformatics analysis of published microarray data. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the possible genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis of @entity1797 by analyzing the microarray data. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) is one of the main causes of @entity1643 , which has become an enormous economic burden for society. METHODS: Gene expression data of annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells from @entity1797 @entity1 and controls subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. T-test and enrichment analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DEGs-associated functions and pathways in @entity1797 respectively. Protein-protein interaction network and module were constructed to analyze the key nodes associated with this disease. RESULTS: Totally 326 DEGs and 35 DEGs were obtained from the annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells, respectively. The DEGs of @entity1797 in annulus cells were mainly involved in translation, cell adhesion, cell death regulation and skeletal system development whilst the DEGs in nucleus pulposus cells were mainly related to the biological processes of vascular system development, skeletal system development and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway. @entity1414 was the common DEGs in both annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells. The ribosomal proteins ( @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 ) in module were enriched in biological processes of translation, translation elongation and RNA processing. CONCLUSION: The results revealed the involvement of @entity1414 in skeletal system process and @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 in the protein synthesis processes in the progression of @entity1797 , suggesting their potential use in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity1797 .

title: Dysregulated XXXX and @entity28622 , @entity65723 , @entity50835 in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods.

answer: @entity1414 :: (1281,Gene) :: ['COL3A1']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Bioinformatics analysis of published microarray data. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the possible genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis of @entity1797 by analyzing the microarray data. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) is one of the main causes of @entity1643 , which has become an enormous economic burden for society. METHODS: Gene expression data of annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells from @entity1797 @entity1 and controls subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. T-test and enrichment analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DEGs-associated functions and pathways in @entity1797 respectively. Protein-protein interaction network and module were constructed to analyze the key nodes associated with this disease. RESULTS: Totally 326 DEGs and 35 DEGs were obtained from the annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells, respectively. The DEGs of @entity1797 in annulus cells were mainly involved in translation, cell adhesion, cell death regulation and skeletal system development whilst the DEGs in nucleus pulposus cells were mainly related to the biological processes of vascular system development, skeletal system development and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway. @entity1414 was the common DEGs in both annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells. The ribosomal proteins ( @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 ) in module were enriched in biological processes of translation, translation elongation and RNA processing. CONCLUSION: The results revealed the involvement of @entity1414 in skeletal system process and @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 in the protein synthesis processes in the progression of @entity1797 , suggesting their potential use in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity1797 .

title: Dysregulated @entity1414 and @entity28622 , XXXX , @entity50835 in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods.

answer: @entity65723 :: (6217,Gene) :: ['RPS16']


abstract: Experiments were designed to study endothelium-dependent responses in salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant Dahl @entity35 (DR). The @entity35 were fed a low @entity1372 (0.1% @entity1219 ) or high @entity1372 (8% @entity1219 ) diet for 8 weeks. Blood pressure in DS fed a high @entity1372 diet was higher than that in the remaining animals. Aortic rings with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric tension recording. @entity934 , @entity1424 , and @entity7102 induced endothelium-dependent relaxations that were significantly depressed in the aorta of DS fed a high @entity1372 diet. The relaxations in response to @entity1854 were only slightly, but significantly, depressed in DS fed a high @entity1372 diet. Removal of the endothelium greatly enhanced the response to @entity750 and @entity1063 . In rings with, but not without, endothelium taken from @entity35 fed a high @entity1372 diet, the tension developed in response to @entity750 and @entity1063 was significantly greater than that in animals fed a low @entity1372 diet. These experiments indicate that endothelium-dependent relaxations to @entity934 , @entity1424 , and @entity7102 are depressed in @entity101 Dahl @entity35 ; this effect probably reflects a decreased release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s), although structural changes might contribute; and the responsiveness to vasoconstrictor agents is increased in DS and DR fed a high @entity1372 diet. These findings may indicate differential effects of blood pressure and dietary salt on endothelial function.

title: Endothelium-dependent vascular responses in normotensive and XXXX Dahl @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1424 :: ('CHEBI:16761', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Experiments were designed to study endothelium-dependent responses in salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant Dahl @entity35 (DR). The @entity35 were fed a low @entity1372 (0.1% @entity1219 ) or high @entity1372 (8% @entity1219 ) diet for 8 weeks. Blood pressure in DS fed a high @entity1372 diet was higher than that in the remaining animals. Aortic rings with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric tension recording. @entity934 , @entity1424 , and @entity7102 induced endothelium-dependent relaxations that were significantly depressed in the aorta of DS fed a high @entity1372 diet. The relaxations in response to @entity1854 were only slightly, but significantly, depressed in DS fed a high @entity1372 diet. Removal of the endothelium greatly enhanced the response to @entity750 and @entity1063 . In rings with, but not without, endothelium taken from @entity35 fed a high @entity1372 diet, the tension developed in response to @entity750 and @entity1063 was significantly greater than that in animals fed a low @entity1372 diet. These experiments indicate that endothelium-dependent relaxations to @entity934 , @entity1424 , and @entity7102 are depressed in @entity101 Dahl @entity35 ; this effect probably reflects a decreased release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s), although structural changes might contribute; and the responsiveness to vasoconstrictor agents is increased in DS and DR fed a high @entity1372 diet. These findings may indicate differential effects of blood pressure and dietary salt on endothelial function.

title: Endothelium-dependent vascular responses in normotensive and @entity101 Dahl XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We examined potential prothrombotic and proinflammatory effects of @entity2178 in 16 otherwise healthy @entity4310 subjects and 16 matched controls. METHODS: Markers of fibrinolysis, @entity556 generation and @entity32 were assessed in plasma before, during and 1h after a 3h intravenous infusion of @entity2178 . In addition, placebo experiments with saline infusion were carried out. RESULTS: Baseline plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 activity and plasmin-antiplasmin-complex concentrations were similar in @entity753 and controls, as were @entity650 , leukocyte counts and @entity1851 . @entity2002 levels were higher in @entity753 , and we observed a greater @entity556 generating potential in @entity753 (calibrated automated thrombogram), but no signs of elevated @entity556 generation in vivo (prothrombin fragment 1+2). During angiotensin infusion plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 activity decreased and plasmin-antiplasmin-complex concentrations increased similarly in @entity753 and controls. Total and maximal amount of @entity556 generated was unchanged, as were prothrombin-fragment-1+2 levels. @entity650 and leukocyte counts increased similarly in both groups during @entity7774 infusion, while @entity2002 tended to increase in @entity753 and increased in controls. During saline infusion plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 activity and prothrombin fragment 1+2 concentrations fell, whereas other markers were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity753 exhibits an increased @entity556 generation potential, an intact fibrinolysis, and has no convincing signs of @entity32 . Angiotensin has proinflammatory effects, and might have minor profibrinolytic and procoagulatory effects.

title: Haemostatic and inflammatory alterations in @entity4310 , and the impact of XXXX infusion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-6', 'interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We examined potential prothrombotic and proinflammatory effects of @entity2178 in 16 otherwise healthy @entity4310 subjects and 16 matched controls. METHODS: Markers of fibrinolysis, @entity556 generation and @entity32 were assessed in plasma before, during and 1h after a 3h intravenous infusion of @entity2178 . In addition, placebo experiments with saline infusion were carried out. RESULTS: Baseline plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 activity and plasmin-antiplasmin-complex concentrations were similar in @entity753 and controls, as were @entity650 , leukocyte counts and @entity1851 . @entity2002 levels were higher in @entity753 , and we observed a greater @entity556 generating potential in @entity753 (calibrated automated thrombogram), but no signs of elevated @entity556 generation in vivo (prothrombin fragment 1+2). During angiotensin infusion plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 activity decreased and plasmin-antiplasmin-complex concentrations increased similarly in @entity753 and controls. Total and maximal amount of @entity556 generated was unchanged, as were prothrombin-fragment-1+2 levels. @entity650 and leukocyte counts increased similarly in both groups during @entity7774 infusion, while @entity2002 tended to increase in @entity753 and increased in controls. During saline infusion plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 activity and prothrombin fragment 1+2 concentrations fell, whereas other markers were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity753 exhibits an increased @entity556 generation potential, an intact fibrinolysis, and has no convincing signs of @entity32 . Angiotensin has proinflammatory effects, and might have minor profibrinolytic and procoagulatory effects.

title: Haemostatic and inflammatory alterations in XXXX , and the impact of @entity2178 infusion.

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapists frequently advise activity pacing as a coping strategy to manage long-term conditions (for example, @entity1643 , chronic @entity158 and @entity5815 / @entity5815 ). However, 'activity pacing' has not been clearly operationalised and there is a paucity of empirical evidence regarding pacing. This may be partly due to the absence of a widely-used pacing scale. We previously developed a 38-item Activity Pacing Questionnaire (APQ-38) using a Delphi technique. OBJECTIVE: Explore the psychometric properties of the APQ-38: identify underlying pacing themes, and assess the reliability and validity of the scale. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. METHODS: Three hundred and eleven adult @entity1 with @entity1118 and/or @entity1295 participated, of whom 69 completed the test-retest analysis. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis, internal and test-retest reliability, and validity against two existing pacing subscales and validated measures of @entity158 , @entity1295 , @entity148 , @entity308 , avoidance, and mental and physical function. RESULTS: Following factor analysis, twelve items were removed and five themes of pacing were identified in the resulting APQ-26: Activity adjustment, Activity consistency, Activity progression, Activity planning and Activity acceptance. These demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's a=0.72-0.92), test-retest reliability (ICC=0.50-0.78, p <=0.001) and construct validity. Activity adjustment, Activity progression and Activity acceptance correlated with worsened symptoms; Activity consistency correlated with improved symptoms; and Activity planning correlated with both improved and worsened symptoms. LIMITATIONS: Data were collected from self-report questionnaires only. CONCLUSIONS: Developed to be widely used across a heterogeneous group of @entity1 with @entity1118 and/or @entity1295 , the APQ-26 is multifaceted and demonstrates reliability and validity. Further study will explore the effects of pacing on @entity1 ' symptoms to guide therapists towards advising pacing themes with empirical benefits.

title: Assessing the Psychometric Properties of an Activity Pacing Questionnaire for Chronic XXXX and Fatigue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'widespread pain']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'myalgic encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In voxel-based morphometry studies of @entity5545 , the relation between causal theories of @entity5545 and @entity62 (WM) volume alterations is still under debate. Some alterations are consistently reported, but others failed to reach significance. We investigated @entity62 alterations in a large sample of Dutch students (37 dyslexics and 57 @entity3257 ) with two analyses: group differences in local @entity62 and total @entity62 and WM volume and correlations between @entity62 and WM volumes and five behavioural measures. We found no significant group differences after corrections for multiple comparisons although total WM volume was lower in the group of dyslexics when age was partialled out. We presented an overview of uncorrected clusters of voxels (p   <   0.05, cluster size k   >   200) with reduced or increased @entity62 volume. We found four significant correlations between factors of @entity5545 representing various behavioural measures and the clusters found in the first analysis. In the whole sample, a factor related to performances in spelling correlated negatively with @entity62 volume in the left posterior cerebellum. Within the group of dyslexics, a factor related to performances in Dutch-English rhyme words correlated positively with @entity62 volume in the left and right caudate nucleus and negatively with increased total WM volume. Most of our findings were in accordance with previous reports. A relatively new finding was the involvement of the caudate nucleus. We confirmed the multiple cognitive nature of @entity5545 and suggested that experience greatly influences anatomical alterations depending on various subtypes of @entity5545 , especially in a student sample.

title: @entity5545 and voxel-based morphometry: correlations between five behavioural measures of XXXX and gray and white matter volumes.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter (GM) and white matter', 'GM']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-dyslexics']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In voxel-based morphometry studies of @entity5545 , the relation between causal theories of @entity5545 and @entity62 (WM) volume alterations is still under debate. Some alterations are consistently reported, but others failed to reach significance. We investigated @entity62 alterations in a large sample of Dutch students (37 dyslexics and 57 @entity3257 ) with two analyses: group differences in local @entity62 and total @entity62 and WM volume and correlations between @entity62 and WM volumes and five behavioural measures. We found no significant group differences after corrections for multiple comparisons although total WM volume was lower in the group of dyslexics when age was partialled out. We presented an overview of uncorrected clusters of voxels (p   <   0.05, cluster size k   >   200) with reduced or increased @entity62 volume. We found four significant correlations between factors of @entity5545 representing various behavioural measures and the clusters found in the first analysis. In the whole sample, a factor related to performances in spelling correlated negatively with @entity62 volume in the left posterior cerebellum. Within the group of dyslexics, a factor related to performances in Dutch-English rhyme words correlated positively with @entity62 volume in the left and right caudate nucleus and negatively with increased total WM volume. Most of our findings were in accordance with previous reports. A relatively new finding was the involvement of the caudate nucleus. We confirmed the multiple cognitive nature of @entity5545 and suggested that experience greatly influences anatomical alterations depending on various subtypes of @entity5545 , especially in a student sample.

title: XXXX and voxel-based morphometry: correlations between five behavioural measures of @entity5545 and gray and white matter volumes.

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['Dyslexia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) remains uncertain when nerve conduction studies (NCS) fail to show @entity17 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 who presented with clinical criteria of @entity2646 in whom electrodiagnostic (EDX) criteria of definite or probable @entity2646 were missing [axonal sensory-motor @entity16 (n=23), normal EDX with pure sensory presentation (n=3)]. All @entity1 received immunomodulatory treatment. Twenty-six @entity1 were evaluated with somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), MRI of spinal roots, CSF analysis, and/or nerve biopsy. Diagnosis of @entity2646 was considered to be confirmed in @entity1 who responded to immunotherapy. RESULTS: 22 of 26 @entity1 (85%) had SSEPs reflecting abnormal proximal conduction in sensory fibers, including 14 who had only clinical and SSEP data in favor of @entity2646 . SSEPs were abnormal in 16 of 20 responders (80%) to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: SSEP recording contributes to diagnosis of @entity2646 when NCS fail to detect @entity8954 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Diagnostic utility of somatosensory evoked potentials in chronic polyradiculopathy without electrodiagnostic signs of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity8954 :: (MESH:D011129,Disease) :: ['peripheral demyelination']


abstract: PET/CT with the @entity413 analog @entity419 has several potential applications for monitoring @entity5 response to therapy in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). A prerequisite for many of these applications is detailed knowledge of the repeatability of quantitative parameters derived from @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT studies. METHODS: The repeatability of the @entity8984 -FDG signal was evaluated in 2 prospective multicenter trials. @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity5 stage III-IV) underwent two @entity419 PET/CT studies while not receiving therapy. @entity5 @entity419 uptake was quantified by measurement of the maximum standardized uptake value within a lesion (SUVmax) and the average SUV within a small volume of interest around the site of maximum uptake (SUVpeak). Analysis was performed for the lesion in the chest with the highest @entity419 uptake and a size of at least 2 cm ( @entity75 ) as well as for up to 6 additional lesions per @entity1 . Repeatability was assessed by Bland-Altman plots and calculation of 95% repeatability coefficients (RCs) of the log-transformed SUV differences. RESULTS: Test-retest repeatability was assessed in 74 @entity1 (34 from the ACRIN 6678 trial and 40 from the Merck MK-0646-008 trial). SUVpeak was 11.57    7.89 g/mL for the ACRIN trial and 6.89    3.02 for the Merck trial. The lower and upper RCs were -28% (95% confidence interval [CI], -35% to -23%) and +39% (95% CI, 31% to 54%) in the ACRIN trial, indicating that a decrease of SUVpeak by more than 28% or an increase by more than 39% has a probability of less than 2.5%. The corresponding RCs from the Merck trial were -35% (95% CI, -42% to -29%) and +53% (95% CI, 41% to 72%). Repeatability was similar for SUVmax of the @entity75 , averaged SUVmax, and averaged SUVpeak of up to 6 lesions per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The variability of repeated measurements of @entity5 @entity419 uptake in @entity1 with @entity1149 is somewhat larger than previously reported in smaller single-center studies but comparable to that of @entity344 in a previous multicenter trial. The variability of measurements supports the definitions of @entity5 response according to PET Response Criteria in @entity5 .

title: Repeatability of @entity419 PET/CT in Advanced XXXX : Prospective Assessment in 2 Multicenter Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: PET/CT with the @entity413 analog @entity419 has several potential applications for monitoring @entity5 response to therapy in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). A prerequisite for many of these applications is detailed knowledge of the repeatability of quantitative parameters derived from @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT studies. METHODS: The repeatability of the @entity8984 -FDG signal was evaluated in 2 prospective multicenter trials. @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity5 stage III-IV) underwent two @entity419 PET/CT studies while not receiving therapy. @entity5 @entity419 uptake was quantified by measurement of the maximum standardized uptake value within a lesion (SUVmax) and the average SUV within a small volume of interest around the site of maximum uptake (SUVpeak). Analysis was performed for the lesion in the chest with the highest @entity419 uptake and a size of at least 2 cm ( @entity75 ) as well as for up to 6 additional lesions per @entity1 . Repeatability was assessed by Bland-Altman plots and calculation of 95% repeatability coefficients (RCs) of the log-transformed SUV differences. RESULTS: Test-retest repeatability was assessed in 74 @entity1 (34 from the ACRIN 6678 trial and 40 from the Merck MK-0646-008 trial). SUVpeak was 11.57    7.89 g/mL for the ACRIN trial and 6.89    3.02 for the Merck trial. The lower and upper RCs were -28% (95% confidence interval [CI], -35% to -23%) and +39% (95% CI, 31% to 54%) in the ACRIN trial, indicating that a decrease of SUVpeak by more than 28% or an increase by more than 39% has a probability of less than 2.5%. The corresponding RCs from the Merck trial were -35% (95% CI, -42% to -29%) and +53% (95% CI, 41% to 72%). Repeatability was similar for SUVmax of the @entity75 , averaged SUVmax, and averaged SUVpeak of up to 6 lesions per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The variability of repeated measurements of @entity5 @entity419 uptake in @entity1 with @entity1149 is somewhat larger than previously reported in smaller single-center studies but comparable to that of @entity344 in a previous multicenter trial. The variability of measurements supports the definitions of @entity5 response according to PET Response Criteria in @entity5 .

title: Repeatability of XXXX PET/CT in Advanced @entity1149 : Prospective Assessment in 2 Multicenter Trials.

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enrolling @entity1 in studies of @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is challenging because of the high fatality of the disease. We hypothesized that a prospective clinic-based study with rapid ascertainment would result in high participation rates. Using that strategy, we established the @entity788 Study (qpcs) to investigate the genetics and causes of @entity1124 and other @entity5 ( @entity5 ) that are also rare and underrepresented in research studies. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1124 or pat were introduced to the study at their initial clinical encounter, with a strategy to enrol @entity1 within 2 weeks of diagnosis. @entity1 self-referrals and referrals of unaffected individuals with an increased risk of @entity1124 were also accepted. Family histories, epidemiologic and clinical data, and biospecimens were collected. Additional relatives were enrolled in families at increased genetic risk. RESULTS: The first 346 completed referrals led to 306 probands being enrolled, including 190 probands affected with @entity1124 , who represent the population focus of the qpcs. Participation rates were 88.4% for all referrals and 89.2% for @entity1124 referrals. Family history, epidemiologic and clinical data, and biospecimens were ascertained from 91.9%, 54.6%, and 97.5% respectively of @entity1 with @entity1124 . Although demographics and trends in risk factors in our @entity1 were consistent with published statistics for @entity1 with @entity1124 , the qpcs is enriched for families with French-Canadian ancestry (37.4%), a population with recurrent germ-line mutations in @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: Using rapid ascertainment, a @entity1124 and pat research registry with high participation rates can be established. The qpcs is a valuable research resource and its enrichment with @entity1 of French-Canadian ancestry provides a unique opportunity for studies of heredity in these diseases.

title: Establishing a clinic-based XXXX research registry in Quebec.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Quebec Pancreas Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pdac', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary tumours', 'pats']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary diseases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer and periampullary tumour']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity161 @entity1 have been shown to exhibit subnormal levels of electrophysiological suppression to self-initiated, button press elicited sounds. These self-suppression deficits have been shown to improve following the imposition of a subsecond delay between the button press and the evoked sound. The current study aimed to investigate whether nonclinical individuals who scored highly on the personality dimension of schizotypy would exhibit similar patterns of self-suppression abnormalities to those exhibited in @entity161 . Thirty-nine nonclinical individuals scoring above the median (High Schizotypy) and 41 individuals scoring below the median (Low Schizotypy) on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) underwent electroencephalographic recording. The amplitude of the N1-component was calculated while @entity1 (1) listened to tones initiated by a willed button press and played back with varying delay periods between the button press and the tone (Active conditions) and (2) passively listened to a series of tones (Listen condition). N1-suppression was calculated by subtracting the amplitude of the N1-component of the auditory evoked potential in the Active condition from that of the Listen condition, while controlling for the activity evoked by the button press per se. The Low Schizotypy group exhibited significantly higher levels of N1-suppression to undelayed tones compared to the High Schizotypy group. Furthermore, while N1-suppression was found to decrease linearly with increasing delays between the button press and the tone in the Low Schizotypy group, this was not the case in the High Schizotypy group. The findings of this study suggest that nonclinical, highly schizotypal individuals exhibit subnormal levels of N1-suppression to undelayed self-initiated tones and an abnormal pattern of N1-suppression to delayed self-initiated tones. To the extent that these results are similar to those previously reported in @entity1 with @entity161 , these findings provide support for the existence of a neurophysiological "continuum of @entity716 ".

title: Cortical Suppression to Delayed Self-Initiated Auditory Stimuli in Schizotypy: Neurophysiological Evidence for a Continuum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['Psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 is implicated in different @entity158 . The mechanisms underlying this invalidating @entity158 are not yet understood. Therefore, the present study investigated if unilateral or bilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) could induce a trigeminal @entity1931 ( @entity1931 ) comparable to that obtained after chronic construction @entity128 (CCI-IoN) in @entity35 . METHODS: Unilateral and bilateral nigrostriatal lesions were obtained by injecting @entity2955 into the MFB, and peripheral lesion was obtained by CCI-IoN. Static allodynia behaviour was tested by a mild non-noxious static von Frey filament stimulus. The analgesic effects of @entity2847 (D2R agonist) were assessed by both intraperitoneal and intracisternal injections. Finally, immunohistochemical study was done to investigate the implication of the protein kinase c isoform gamma (PKCy) and the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in @entity158 sensitization at segmental level. RESULTS: @entity2955 -lesioned animals developed @entity1931 in the orofacial region as assessed by non-noxious stimuli. Intraperitoneal and intracisternal injections of @entity2847 alleviated this allodynic behaviour. Investigations within the medullary dorsal horn revealed an increase in PKCy expression, a protein implicated in the chronicity of @entity158 , within superficial laminae in @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 . Also static mechanical stimulations of the orofacial region evoked increased expression of the molecular @entity158 marker pERK1/2 in @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 . CONCLUSION: Our data show that unilateral and bilateral @entity935 depletion promoted trigeminal @entity1931 comparable to that obtained after CCI-IoN. This allodynia can be alleviated by D2R activation, making D2R agonist a potential analgesic for orofacial @entity9 .

title: Nigrostriatal dopaminergic depletion produces orofacial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'static mechanical allodynia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the infraorbital nerve']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'orofacial pain-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['static mechanical allodynia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this review we aimed to update the possibilities of @entity1870 treatment in @entity1 excluding those with a desire for pregnancy. @entity1870 is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium and frequently underestimated. Over the last decades, its pathophysiology has been better known. The diagnosis is essentially based on clinical symptoms like @entity931 and @entity1834 . Transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are the main tools of the radiologic diagnosis. However, the definitive diagnosis is histological. The most effective treatment remains hysterectomy; however it is expensive, radical and at risk of morbidity compared with medical or surgical conservative management. The literature has reported several series of @entity1 undergoing various treatments, thus allowing different therapeutic options. The @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device showed its efficacy alone or in combination with hysteroscopic treatment. Oral @entity7828 , @entity1176 agonists are useful at short term or in @entity558 . Some conservative treatments like focused ultrasound therapies or uterus-sparing operative treatment stay under evaluation and seems to be effective. Embolization has been the subject of several studies and must be outlined. Furthermore, several molecules, such as modulators of @entity1420 receptors and the aromatase inhibitors have been recently studied and are perhaps future treatments.

title: [Treatment of XXXX (excluding pregnancy project)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative condition']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomyosis', 'adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['adenomyosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endocrine-mediated effects in fish populations have been widely documented. Most attention has been focused on feminization caused by estrogenic substances, but this paper reviews evidence for the effects of a group of fungicides and pharmaceuticals, the @entity8201 , which have been reported to cause masculinization in fish. The paper considers information from laboratory studies on the effects of @entity5638 compounds on fish endocrinology, and on the potential existence of such effects in wild fish. The occurrence of some @entity8201 in effluents and surface waters has also been briefly reviewed. Under laboratory conditions, many @entity8201 are able to cause masculinization or defeminization in fish by inhibition of the P450 enzyme aromatase ( @entity4819 ). However, in no case where such effects have been observed in the field has a link been established with this group of substances. In most instances, other more convincing explanations have been proposed. Peak concentrations of some @entity8201 in surface waters can approach those which, under continuous long-term exposure in the laboratory, might lead to some aromatase inhibition. However, available data on exposure and effects provide reassurance that the concentrations of @entity8201 found in surface waters are too low to cause adverse effects in fish by interference with their endocrine system. Compared to the widespread observations of feminization and estrogenic effects in (male) fish, there are relatively few papers describing masculinization or defeminization in (female) wild fish populations, suggesting that this is quite a rare phenomenon. The significance of this result is emphasized by the fact that fish are among the best studied organisms in the environment.

title: A review of the effects of XXXX compounds in fish and their possible involvement in masculinization of wild fish populations.

answer: @entity5638 :: (CHEBI:68452,Chemical) :: ['azole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of HLA-DR alleles in Pakistani @entity1 of @entity7271 in comparison with local healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Immunology, @entity1345 ( @entity1345 ), Rawalpindi, from January 2011 to January 2014. METHODOLOGY: Twenty eight @entity1 with biopsy proven diagnosis of @entity7271 referred from Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi were included. @entity1 were compared with a group of 150 unrelated local healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood collected in Tri- @entity1098 . @entity1533 typing was carried out on allele level ( @entity1533 *01 - @entity1533 *16) using SSP (sequence specific primers). HLA type was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and results recorded. Phenotype frequency of various alleles among @entity1 group and control group was calculated by direct counting and significance of their association was determined by Fisher's exact test/ Chi square test. RESULTS: A total of 12 male and 16 female @entity1 , with age ranging from 21 to 34 (mean 23.4 years) were genotyped for @entity1533 loci. A statistically significant association of the disease with @entity1533 *04 was observed (50% versus 20.7% in controls, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a strong association of @entity1533 *04 with @entity7271 in Pakistani population.

title: HLA- DR Alleles in Pakistani @entity1 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium EDTA']

entities_list: @entity1345 :: ('MESH:C566258', 'Disease') :: ['AFIP', 'Armed Forces Institute of Pathology']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['Pemphigus Vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of HLA-DR alleles in Pakistani @entity1 of @entity7271 in comparison with local healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Immunology, @entity1345 ( @entity1345 ), Rawalpindi, from January 2011 to January 2014. METHODOLOGY: Twenty eight @entity1 with biopsy proven diagnosis of @entity7271 referred from Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi were included. @entity1 were compared with a group of 150 unrelated local healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood collected in Tri- @entity1098 . @entity1533 typing was carried out on allele level ( @entity1533 *01 - @entity1533 *16) using SSP (sequence specific primers). HLA type was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and results recorded. Phenotype frequency of various alleles among @entity1 group and control group was calculated by direct counting and significance of their association was determined by Fisher's exact test/ Chi square test. RESULTS: A total of 12 male and 16 female @entity1 , with age ranging from 21 to 34 (mean 23.4 years) were genotyped for @entity1533 loci. A statistically significant association of the disease with @entity1533 *04 was observed (50% versus 20.7% in controls, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a strong association of @entity1533 *04 with @entity7271 in Pakistani population.

title: HLA- DR Alleles in Pakistani XXXX of @entity7271 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity49 is generally treated with anticoagulation. However, some @entity1 do not respond to medical therapy and these might benefit from mechanical thrombectomy. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in @entity1 with @entity49 , by performing a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: We identified studies published between January 1995 and February 2014 from PubMed and Ovid. We included all cases of @entity49 in whom mechanical thrombectomy was performed with or without intrasinus thrombolysis. Good outcome was defined as normal or mild @entity51 at discharge (modified Rankin Scale, 0-2). Secondary outcome variables included periprocedural complications and recanalization rates. RESULTS: Our study included 42 studies (185 @entity1 ). Sixty percent of @entity1 had a pretreatment @entity1779 and 47% were stuporous or comatose. AngioJet was the most commonly used device (40%). Intrasinus thrombolysis was used in 131 @entity1 (71%). Overall, 156 (84%) @entity1 had a good outcome and 22 (12%) died. Nine (5%) @entity1 had no recanalization, 38 (21%) had partial, and 137 (74%) had near to complete recanalization. The major periprocedural complication was new or increased @entity1779 (10%). The use of AngioJet was associated with lower rate of complete recanalization (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.4) and lower chance of good outcome (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review suggests that mechanical thrombectomy is reasonably safe but controlled studies are required to provide a definitive answer on its efficacy and safety in @entity1 with @entity49 .

title: Mechanical Thrombectomy in XXXX : Systematic Review of 185 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral venous thrombosis', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Venous Thrombosis']


abstract: @entity169 has been one of the most extensively debated and continues to evolve in search for the ideal technique. Even though the method to diagnose @entity547 has largely remained clinical, recently other modalities have detected @entity547 that are not picked up on clinical examination or are incorrectly labeled. Laparoscopy, for the first time has given surgeons the unique opportunity to look at both sides of the groin and to detect and study the contra lateral groin in a @entity1 of clinically unilateral @entity547 . This has given rise to some interesting findings. In the pediatric age group the value of bilateral detection and repair has been extensively debated. However, the same is not true for the adults despite the facts that there are better methods for detection, better understanding of pathogenesis of @entity547 and better repair techniques that can take care of bilateral repair without adding to morbidity.That @entity547 is not a simple derivative of patent processus vaginalis or strain related cause is beginning to be better understood now. It may primarily be a disorder of collagen metabolism with genetic basis. Laparoscopy has also made us wiser in detection of type of @entity547 and examination of both groin areas. In several studies there have been a high percentage of undetected @entity547 or additional defects. This was never realized earlier as in open surgery there is no question of exploring the asymptomatic groin. Laparoscopy in bilateral repair is safe and does not add significantly to the operating time, cost or morbidity.At our Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India we have been performing Endoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) repair for all simple and complicated @entity169 since 1994. We now routinely perform a bilateral repair based on our understanding that the pathogenesis of @entity547 is a complex process and any genetic basis of @entity1413 has to affect the @entity1 bilaterally. The clinical examination may have unacceptably low sensitivity. Early identification and repair obviates the need for reoperation, reduces overall costs and eliminates further anaesthetic and operative risks for the @entity1 .

title: Totally extraperitoneal repair of XXXX : A case for bilateral repair.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernia surgery', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen disorder']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: Knowledge of the regulation of food intake is crucial to an understanding of body weight and @entity28 . Strictly speaking, we should refer to the control of food intake whose expression is modulated in the interests of the regulation of body weight. Food intake is controlled, body weight is regulated. However, this semantic distinction only serves to emphasize the importance of food intake. Traditionally food intake has been researched within the homeostatic approach to physiological systems pioneered by Claude Bernard, Walter Cannon and others; and because feeding is a form of behaviour, it forms part of what Curt Richter referred to as the behavioural regulation of body weight (or behavioural homeostasis). This approach views food intake as the vehicle for energy supply whose expression is modulated by a metabolic drive generated in response to a requirement for energy. The idea was that eating behaviour is stimulated and inhibited by internal signalling systems (for the drive and suppression of eating respectively) in order to regulate the internal environment (energy stores, tissue needs). Although there has always been a field of research dedicated to the study of food intake stimulated by the external environment, the rise of @entity28 in the last 20 years has accelerated thinking about this issue. The term    obesigenic environment    has entered into scientific discourse and implies that the potency of the external environment is in large part responsible for the increases in food intake that is one of the causal agencies underlying the epidemic of @entity28 . This approach has revitalized interest in the sensory and external stimulation of food intake and has drawn attention to the hedonic dimension of appetite. There is now a very strong current of thought that a major cause of an increase in food intake associated with the rise of @entity28 resides in the hedonic rather than the homeostatic system. This does not mean that the so-called    energy homeostasis system    is no longer important. Since the middle 1990s there have been impressive advances in the molecular infrastructure of the brain   s homeostatic networks which have given some precision to knowledge of how regulatory processes operate. At the same time the use of neural pathway studies in animals, and neurobiological procedures     including fMRI scanning     in @entity1 , have refined understanding of the brain   s hedonic networks. Interestingly there is evidence of cross-talk between the neurochemical substrates of the two systems. This is an exciting concept which offers the possibility of some re-unification of the dualism underlying homeostatic and hedonic processing of information. It is against this scientific landscape that the control (regulation) of food intake in @entity1 can now be addressed.

title: The Regulation of Food Intake in XXXX

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: During the past 3-4 decades there has been a major expansion of our knowledge regarding @entity1374 associated with pregnancy    @entity1374 are common. The prevalence of @entity1378 is around 5 per 1000 and @entity1375 about 3     10 per 1000 in @entity1 . As the conditions are generally much more common in the female it is to be expected that they will appear during pregnancy. Developments in our understanding of thyroid physiology (1,2) and immunology (3) in pregnancy as well as improvements in thyroid function testing (4) have highlighted the importance of recognizing and providing appropriate therapy to @entity1 with @entity1374 (5). There has been much discussion and many publications on the optimal management of pregnant @entity1 who are hyper or @entity1375 . In addition. the impact of @entity1496 deficiency on the mother and developing fetus, the adverse effects of @entity1375 on mental development in their offspring, the clinical importance of @entity6751 have all been intensively investigated. and reviewed (6-8,8a). The field has advanced rapidly so that the evidence based guidelines on thyroid and pregnancy published in 2007 (9) are now being replaced with 2 further updated documents ; one from The American Thyroid Association and the other from The American Endocrine society, both with continuing international representation. (10,11)

title: Thyroid Regulation and Dysfunction in the Pregnant XXXX

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['maternal hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity6751 :: ('MESH:D050032', 'Disease') :: ['postpartum thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['gestational thyroid disorders', 'Thyroid disorders', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: In arterioles, a locally initiated diameter change can propagate rapidly along the vessel length (arteriolar conducted response), thus contributing to arteriolar hemodynamic resistance. The response is underpinned by electrical coupling along the arteriolar endothelial layer. Connexins (Cx; constituents of gap junctions) are required for this coupling. This review addresses the effect of @entity32 ( @entity295 ) on arteriolar conduction and interendothelial electrical coupling. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; an initiating factor in @entity295 ) and polymicrobial @entity295 (24 h model) attenuate conducted vasoconstriction in @entity19 . In cultured microvascular endothelial cells harvested from @entity35 and @entity19 skeletal muscle, LPS reduces both conducted hyperpolarization-depolarization along capillary-like structures and electrical coupling along confluent cell monolayers. LPS also @entity669 -phosphorylates @entity16899 and @entity563 -dephosphorylates @entity16898 . Since LPS-reduced coupling is @entity16898 - but not @entity16899 -dependent, only @entity16898 dephosphorylation may be consequential. @entity842 (NO) overproduction is critical in advanced @entity295 , since the removal of this overproduction prevents the attenuated conduction. Consistently, (i) exogenous NO in cultured cells reduces coupling in a @entity43173 -dependent manner, and (ii) the septic microvasculature in vivo shows no @entity16898 phenotype. A complex role emerges for endothelial connexins in @entity295 . Initially, LPS may reduce interendothelial coupling and arteriolar conduction by targeting @entity16898 , whereas NO overproduction in advanced @entity295 reduces coupling and conduction by targeting @entity43173 instead.

title: Role of connexins in microvascular dysfunction during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity2741 can be defined as a serum @entity460 greater than 2 standard deviations above the normal mean in a reference laboratory. @entity460 in the blood is normally transported partly bound to plasma proteins (about 45%) notably albumin, partly bound to small anions such as @entity4613 and @entity3736 (about 10%) and partly in the free or ionized state (about 45%) (1). Although only the ionized @entity460 is metabolically active, ie. subject to transport into cells and capable of activating cellular processes, most laboratories report total serum @entity460 concentrations. Concentrations of total @entity460 in normal serum generally range between 8.5 and 10.6 mg/dL (2.12 to 2.65 mM) and levels above this are considered to be consistent with @entity2741 . Nevertheless, reference ranges may vary between laboratories.The normal range of ionized @entity460 is generally 4.65-5.30 mg/dL (1.16-1.31 mM), but again values may vary slightly between laboratories. When protein concentrations, and especially albumin concentrations, fluctuate substantially, total @entity460 levels may vary, whereas the ionized @entity460 may remain relatively stable. Thus dehydration or hemoconcentration during venipuncture may elevate serum albumin and a falsely elevated total serum @entity460 may be reported. Such elevations in total @entity460 , when albumin levels are increased, can be "corrected" by subtracting 0.8 mg/dL from the total @entity460 for every 1.0 g/dL by which the serum albumin concentration is >4 g/dL. Conversely when albumin levels are low, total @entity460 can be corrected by adding 0.8 mg/dL for every 1.0 g/dL by which the albumin is <4 g/dL. Thus, to correct for an abnormally high or low serum albumin the following formula can be used: Corrected @entity460 (mg/dL) = measured total serum @entity460 (mg/dL) + [4.0- serum albumin (g/dL) X 0.8] or Corrected @entity460 (mM) = measured total @entity9495 (mM) + [40 - serum albumin (g/L)] X 0.02. Even in the presence of a normal serum albumin, changes in blood pH can alter the equilibrium constant of the albumin- @entity9495 complex, with @entity520 reducing the binding and @entity5838 enhancing it. Consequently when major shifts in serum protein or pH are present it is most prudent to directly measure the ionized @entity460 level in order to determine the presence of @entity2741 .

title: Approach to XXXX

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['Hypercalcemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Termination of pregnancy-induced abortion is inevitable in family planning as the final solution in resolving unwanted pregnancies. It can be the cause of major physical and phychological consequences on @entity1 's health. Diverse opinions on psychological consequences of induced abortion can be found in literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in order to predict @entity14469 ( @entity14469 ) after the induced abortion and the possibility of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). Seven days after the induced abortion, 40 @entity1 had to fill in: (1) a special questionnaire made for this investigation, with questions linked to some risk factors inducing stress, (2) Likert's emotional scale and 3. Bryant's @entity14469 scale. RESULTS: After an induced abortion 52.5% @entity1 had @entity14469 and 32.5% @entity1 had @entity1005 . @entity1 with @entity14469 after the abortion developed more sense of guilt, irritability, shame, self-judgement, fear from God and self-hatred. They were less educated, had lower income, they were more religious, did not approve of abortion and had worse relationship with their partners after the abortion in comparison to @entity1 without @entity14469 . Age, number of previous abortions and decision to abort did not differ between the two groups. DISCUSSION: and conclusion Induced abortion represents a predisposing factor for @entity14469 and @entity1005 in @entity1 . Some psycho-social factors contribute to the development of stress after abortion. Serbia has a task to reduce the number of abortions which is very high, in order, to preserve reproductive and phychological health of @entity1 .

title: [Investigation of risk factors for XXXX following induced abortion].

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['acute stress reaction', 'ASD', 'acute stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity14469 :: (MESH:D040701,Disease) :: ['acute stress reaction']