abstract: There are few reliable prognostic markers of biological @entity146 for @entity135 in general. For @entity189 , anatomic location, @entity5 size, histological grade, and extent of disease involvement are considered to be clinically important risk factors for recurrent disease. Molecular genetic alterations in @entity189 have not been characterized, and @entity5 cell proteins have not been shown to be prognostically significant. Here a cohort of @entity3975 of the major (parotid and submandibular) salivary glands are analyzed for a molecular @entity74 , @entity1722 gene amplification, and gene amplification and expression results are compared with long-term clinical follow-up information. Archival tissues resected from 58 @entity1 with @entity3975 of salivary glands were evaluated for @entity1722 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and for gene expression by immunohistochemistry in a blinded fashion. Clinical follow-up information was compared with the results of these analyses to determine whether there were significant associations. Overexpression, identified as membrane immunostaining by immunohistochemistry, was observed in 22 of 58 (38%) @entity3975 . Gene amplification, characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization, was observed in 12 (21%) cases. Eleven of the 12 cases with gene amplification were also immunostained for @entity1722 . Both gene amplification (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and immunostaining (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) were correlated with @entity66 and poorer overall @entity1 survival, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1722 immunostaining and amplification were markers of poor prognosis independent of histopathological grade, @entity5 size, and involvement of regional lymph nodes. @entity1722 is amplified and/or overexpressed in approximately one-third of @entity3975 of salivary glands. Amplification and/or overexpression appears to be an independent marker of poor prognosis in @entity3975 of the salivary glands as it is in @entity189 of the breast, ovary, and endometrium.

title: Amplification and overexpression of @entity1722 in XXXX of the salivary gland: correlation with poor prognosis.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: @entity1 intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) modifies the course of numerous immune-mediated diseases, but its specific mode of action remains unknown. In order to delineate possible immunoregulatory mechanisms, we studied the effects of hIVIG on the in vitro proliferation of @entity1 T cells. Cells from normal donors were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody, @entity116 toxoid antigen or the combination of a @entity4621 / @entity1360 (P/I) and incubated with increasing concentrations of hIVIG (1 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml) for three to seven days. Addition of hIVIG inhibited anti-CD3 and @entity116 but not P/I-induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of exogenous @entity1199 to the cultures overcame the inhibitory effect of hIVIG; addition of @entity3646 was ineffective. To further define the effect of hIVIG on specific cell populations, competent, purified T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 or @entity4621 for three days in the presence of hIVIG. Addition of hIVIG blocked anti-CD3 and @entity4621 -induced stimulation of competent T cells. In cultures of competent T cells, either @entity1199 or @entity3646 was successful in reversing the hIVIG-induced inhibition. In these cultures, hIVIG also significantly prevented the synthesis/secretion of both @entity1199 and @entity3646 in PDB-stimulated competent T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that one mechanism of action of hIVIG may be through its interference with cytokine-dependent T-cell proliferation.

title: Suppression of cytokine-dependent XXXX T-cell proliferation by intravenous immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: During the 2013-14 school year, over 763,000 female athletes participated in interscholastic running sports in the United States. Recent studies have indicated associations between the female athlete triad (Triad) and stress @entity174 or other @entity85 in elite or collegiate female running populations. Little is known about these relationships in an adolescent interscholastic running population. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between Triad and risk of lower extremity @entity85 among adolescent runners. METHODS: Eighty-nine female athletes competing in interscholastic cross-country and track in southern California were followed, prospectively. The runners were monitored throughout their respective sport season for lower extremity @entity85 . Data collected included daily injury reports, @entity1277 Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) that assessed @entity1277 /behaviors, a questionnaire on menstrual history and demographic characteristics, a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan that measured whole-body @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and body composition (lean tissue and fat mass), and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: Thirty-eight runners (42.7%) incurred at least one lower extremity @entity85 . In the @entity79 Z-score  <= -1 standard deviation (SD) adjusted model, low @entity79 relative to age ( @entity79 Z-score of  <= -1SD) was significantly associated (Odds Ratio [OR]=4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-13.3) with an increased occurrence of @entity85 during the interscholastic sport season. In the @entity79 Z-score  <= -2 SDs adjusted model, a history of oligo/ @entity2588 was significantly associated (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.2-13.5) with @entity85 occurrence. CONCLUSION: Oligo/ @entity2588 and low @entity79 were associated with @entity85 among the female interscholastic cross-country and track runners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Regular, close monitoring of adolescent female runners during seasonal and off-season training may be warranted, so that potential problems can be recognized and addressed promptly in order to minimize the risk of @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

title: Associations between the female athlete XXXX among high school runners.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating Disorder', 'disordered eating attitudes']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries', 'musculoskeletal injury', 'increased musculoskeletal injury']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['running injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['triad and injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND INCIDENCE: Ischial tuberosity @entity174 and its associated complications are an under recognized diagnosis in the adolescent athlete. Apophyseal injuries of the pelvis in the skeletally immature athlete can occur in multiple locations but are most common at the ischial tuberosity, affecting males more commonly than females. DESCRIPTION OF INJURY AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The most common cause of ischial tuberosity @entity155 @entity174 is a quick eccentric load to the proximal hamstrings, occurring with kicking as in soccer, football, or dance. Signs and symptoms are similar to a proximal hamstring injury but @entity155 injuries often go undiagnosed, as radiographs are not frequently obtained. In acute cases, rest and relative immobilization are the recommended course of care. In chronic cases, including those with delayed diagnosis, or those that remain symptomatic after initial care due to non-union or associated @entity1930 , surgery is often performed in order to restore normal anatomy, alleviate symptoms, and help return the athlete to full activity. PURPOSE: The authors' share a novel treatment approach consisting of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle fenestration for the treatment of three adolescent athletes with symptomatic delayed diagnoses of ischial tuberosity fractures. Needle fenestration was followed by a physical therapy progression which was developed based on tissue healing rates, symptom presentation, and the available literature related to proximal hamstring injuries. OUTCOMES: Two athletes reported elimination of @entity158 , full functional recovery and return to sport without limitations as measured by use of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Global Rating of Change Scale, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. One athlete reported elimination of @entity158 and full functional recovery and chose to return to a new sport. Symptoms of possible concurrent hamstring syndrome are discussed as well the management of this condition. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: This case series introduced a novel approach for treatment of symptomatic delayed union ischial tuberosity fractures in three adolescents prior to consideration of surgical intervention. Percutanous needle fenestration and the described subsequent rehabilitation provided positive treatment outcomes in the presented cases, including full return to athletic and recreational endeavors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 5.

title: A novel approach to treatment for chronic @entity155 XXXX of the ischial tuberosity in three adolescent athletes: a case series.

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic nerve adhesions']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND INCIDENCE: Ischial tuberosity @entity174 and its associated complications are an under recognized diagnosis in the adolescent athlete. Apophyseal injuries of the pelvis in the skeletally immature athlete can occur in multiple locations but are most common at the ischial tuberosity, affecting males more commonly than females. DESCRIPTION OF INJURY AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The most common cause of ischial tuberosity @entity155 @entity174 is a quick eccentric load to the proximal hamstrings, occurring with kicking as in soccer, football, or dance. Signs and symptoms are similar to a proximal hamstring injury but @entity155 injuries often go undiagnosed, as radiographs are not frequently obtained. In acute cases, rest and relative immobilization are the recommended course of care. In chronic cases, including those with delayed diagnosis, or those that remain symptomatic after initial care due to non-union or associated @entity1930 , surgery is often performed in order to restore normal anatomy, alleviate symptoms, and help return the athlete to full activity. PURPOSE: The authors' share a novel treatment approach consisting of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle fenestration for the treatment of three adolescent athletes with symptomatic delayed diagnoses of ischial tuberosity fractures. Needle fenestration was followed by a physical therapy progression which was developed based on tissue healing rates, symptom presentation, and the available literature related to proximal hamstring injuries. OUTCOMES: Two athletes reported elimination of @entity158 , full functional recovery and return to sport without limitations as measured by use of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Global Rating of Change Scale, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. One athlete reported elimination of @entity158 and full functional recovery and chose to return to a new sport. Symptoms of possible concurrent hamstring syndrome are discussed as well the management of this condition. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: This case series introduced a novel approach for treatment of symptomatic delayed union ischial tuberosity fractures in three adolescents prior to consideration of surgical intervention. Percutanous needle fenestration and the described subsequent rehabilitation provided positive treatment outcomes in the presented cases, including full return to athletic and recreational endeavors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 5.

title: A novel approach to treatment for chronic XXXX @entity174 of the ischial tuberosity in three adolescent athletes: a case series.

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ) is the most common primary @entity96 in @entity1 and accounts for two-thirds of all @entity96 in the pediatric population. For @entity1 with advanced @entity4177 (unresectable or unresponsive to chemotherapy), combined treatment with chemotherapy and liver transplantation is an excellent option. The etiology of @entity4177 is mostly obscure because of its extreme rarity although some @entity74 and very low birth weight have been associated with it. The prognosis for @entity1 with @entity4177 has significantly improved in the past three decades thanks to advancements in chemotherapy, surgical resection and postoperative care. In 2002 a surgical staging system called pretreatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) was designed to allow a universal, multidisciplinary approach to @entity1 with @entity4177 . Between one-third to two-thirds of @entity1 initially present with unresectable @entity5 or distant metastases, but up to 85% of these @entity5 become operable after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 with PRETEXT categories 1, 2, and some 3 are referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection with the @entity5 removal. Classic treatments regimens include a combination of @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity1891 or @entity900 and @entity632 . Liver transplantation is the only treatment option for unresectable @entity4177 . In 2010 the pediatric @entity3851 , a pediatric-specific scoring system that determines a @entity1 's ranking on the liver transplant list, began to award additional "exception" points for @entity1 with @entity4177 . We analyzed the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research dataset to assess the impact of changes in exception point criteria for @entity4177 on outcomes after liver transplantation at Texas @entity1 's Hospital in Houston, Texas. We found that @entity1 who were listed for transplantation with current @entity4177 exception criteria experienced a shorter waitlist time but survival was similar between the two eras.

title: Role of liver transplantation in the management of XXXX in the pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor', 'malignant liver neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['goal of complete tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'Hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: We compared ultrasonic findings and histology in 25 @entity1 with @entity263 . Ultrasonically guided transperineal biopsy of focal @entity4623 was performed in 19 @entity1 , in @entity263 was suspected. Six of them had two different echogenic areas in the same focal lesion, so a total of 25 echogenic areas were assessed. Fourteen of these 25 areas were hypoechoic. The Gleason score varied, but residual prostatic glands and @entity5 glands with slightly enlarged lumen did not exist. Six of the areas were slightly more echogenic than the above 14 areas, and cribriform @entity5 with slightly enlarged glands occupied the greater part of these specimens. Four of the areas were isoechoic, and they contained residual prostatic glands showing a normal distribution, regardless of the Gleason score or grade of @entity5 infiltration. The only hyperechoic lesion contained numerous tiny areas of calcification. In the 6 @entity1 without focal lesions, the peripheral and transition zones showed a normal echogenicity. Two of these @entity1 had @entity5 in the transition zone, and biopsy showed @entity5 glands with slightly enlarged lumens. In the 4 @entity1 , various-sized @entity5 were seen, but there was a normal distribution of residual prostatic glands and stroma. These results indicated that prostatic echogenicity is determined by the presence of @entity5 glands with enlarged lumina as well as residual prostatic glands and stroma.

title: Relationship of ultrasonographic findings to histology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['whom prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic lesions']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Direct injury to the corticospinal tract (CST) is a major factor defining @entity73 after @entity64 . Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography allows definition of the CST. We sought to determine whether DTI-based assessment of the degree of CST damage correlates with @entity73 at each phase of @entity385 . METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 at the acute (3-7 days), subacute (30 days), and chronic (90 days) phases of @entity385 with DTI and clinical motor scores (upper extremity Fugl-Myer test [UE-FM], motor items of the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale [mNIHSS]). The CST was identified and virtual fiber numbers (FN) were calculated for the affected and contralateral CST. We used Spearman correlation to study the relationship of FN ratio (FNr) (affected/unaffected CST) with motor scores at each time point, and the regression model to study the association of the acute parameters with chronic motor scores. RESULTS: We studied 23 @entity1 . Mean age was 66.7 (  12) years. FNr correlated with UE-FM score in the acute (r = 0.50, P = 0.032), subacute (r = 0.57, P = 0.007), and chronic (r = 0.67, P = 0.0008) phase, and with mNIHSS in the acute (r = -0.48, P = 0.043), subacute (r = -0.58, P = 0.006), and chronic (r = -0.75, P = 0.0001) phase. The combination of acute NIHSS and FNr significantly predicted chronic UE-FM score (r = 0.74, P = 0.0001). INTERPRETATION: DTI-defined degree of CST injury correlates with @entity73 at each phase of @entity385 . The combination of baseline FNr and NIHSS predicts motor outcome. DTI-derived CST assessment could become a surrogate marker of @entity73 in the design of neurorestorative clinical trials.

title: Degree of corticospinal tract damage correlates with motor function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The effect of the sensitizer @entity10976 was prospectively evaluated in recurrent @entity5 . Endpoints of the study were mainly local response rates and survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1984 to 1990 @entity10976 was given together with radiation therapy to 40 @entity1 with recurrent inoperable @entity5 . Loco-regional relapses in the pelvis were isolated in 24 and associated with distant @entity3 in 16 @entity1 . Special attention was given to the subset of 24 @entity1 with isolated local recurrences. This group was compared with historical controls treated with radiotherapy alone. The dosage of @entity10976 was 150 mg/m2 daily orally starting 5 days before the first irradiation. The drug was then given each radiation day until the end of treatment. The median radiation dose was 60 (40-62) Gy in the evaluable @entity1 . The minimum follow-up was 32 months and the median 72 months. RESULTS: The rates of complete plus partial responses were 57% and 54%, respectively, for recurrent @entity1 without and with distant @entity3 . The 23 evaluable @entity1 with isolated local relapses had a median survival of 24 months (12-94+); all @entity1 surviving at least 1 year. CONCLUSION: The combination of radiotherapy and @entity10976 may lead to better local control and improved median survival compared to our historical controls and literature reports where radiotherapy alone was used. The treatment is easy to administer and is associated with a moderate @entity137 .

title: Inoperable recurrent @entity5 : results of a prospective trial with radiation therapy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity10976 :: (MESH:D011929,Chemical) :: ['razoxane']


abstract: PURPOSE: The effect of the sensitizer @entity10976 was prospectively evaluated in recurrent @entity5 . Endpoints of the study were mainly local response rates and survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1984 to 1990 @entity10976 was given together with radiation therapy to 40 @entity1 with recurrent inoperable @entity5 . Loco-regional relapses in the pelvis were isolated in 24 and associated with distant @entity3 in 16 @entity1 . Special attention was given to the subset of 24 @entity1 with isolated local recurrences. This group was compared with historical controls treated with radiotherapy alone. The dosage of @entity10976 was 150 mg/m2 daily orally starting 5 days before the first irradiation. The drug was then given each radiation day until the end of treatment. The median radiation dose was 60 (40-62) Gy in the evaluable @entity1 . The minimum follow-up was 32 months and the median 72 months. RESULTS: The rates of complete plus partial responses were 57% and 54%, respectively, for recurrent @entity1 without and with distant @entity3 . The 23 evaluable @entity1 with isolated local relapses had a median survival of 24 months (12-94+); all @entity1 surviving at least 1 year. CONCLUSION: The combination of radiotherapy and @entity10976 may lead to better local control and improved median survival compared to our historical controls and literature reports where radiotherapy alone was used. The treatment is easy to administer and is associated with a moderate @entity137 .

title: Inoperable recurrent XXXX : results of a prospective trial with radiation therapy and @entity10976 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity14940 , the AcuK and AcuM transcription factors form a complex that regulates gluconeogenesis. In @entity54 , AcuM governs gluconeogenesis and @entity68 acquisition in vitro, and virulence in immunosuppressed @entity19 . However, the function of AcuK was previously unknown. Through in vitro studies, we found that A. fumigatus   acuK single and   acuK   acuM double mutants had impaired gluconeogenesis and @entity68 acquisition, similar to the   acuM mutant. Also, the   acuK,   acuM, and   acuK   acuM mutants had similar virulence defects in @entity19 . However, compared to the   acuM mutant, the   acuK mutant had a milder defect in extracellular siderophore activity and induction of epithelial cell damage in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of acuM in the   acuK mutant altered expression of 3 genes and partially restored growth under @entity68 -limited conditions, suggesting that AcuM can govern some genes independently of AcuK. Although the   acuK and   acuM mutants had very similar transcriptional profiles in vitro, their transcriptional profiles during @entity19 @entity358 differed both from their in vitro profiles and from each other. While AcuK and AcuM governed the expression of only a few @entity68 responsive genes in vivo, they influenced the expression of other virulence-related genes such as @entity59531 and dvrA. Therefore, in A. fumigatus, while AcuK and AcuM likely function as part of the same complex, they can also function independently of each other. Furthermore, AcuK and AcuM have different target genes in vivo as compared to in vitro, suggesting that in vivo infection stimulates unique transcriptional regulatory pathways in A. fumigatus.

title: Divergent Targets of XXXX AcuK and AcuM Transcription Factors during Growth in vitro versus Invasive Disease.

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery are a challenge to the operating surgeon. Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ( @entity248 ) and open-TLIF have been performed for many years with good results; however, functional outcomes after lumbar spine surgery in this subgroup of @entity1 remain poorly understood. Furthermore, whether index @entity248 or open-TLIF for the treatment of @entity179 or spondylolisthesis in morbidly @entity28 results in superior postoperative functional outcomes remains unknown. METHODS: A total of 148 ( @entity248 : n  = 40, open-TLIF: n  = 108) @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing index lumbar arthrodesis for @entity1643 and/or @entity614 between January 2003 and December 2010 were selected from a multi-institutional prospective data registry. We collected and analyzed data on @entity1 demographics, @entity260 , @entity615 , @entity158 , and functional disability over 2 years. @entity1 completed the @entity717 Index (ODI), Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and back and @entity158 numerical rating scores before surgery and then at 12 and 24 months after surgery. Clinical outcomes and complication rates were compared between both @entity1 cohorts. RESULTS: Compared with preoperative status, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back and @entity158 , ODI, and SF-36 physical component score/mental component score were improved in both groups. Both @entity248 and open-TLIF @entity1 showed similar 2-year improvement in VAS for @entity615 ( @entity248 : 2.42    3.81 vs. open-TLIF: 2.33    3.67, P  = 0.89), VAS for @entity158 ( @entity248 : 3.77    4.53 vs. open-TLIF: 2.67    4.10, P  = 0.18), ODI ( @entity248 : 11.61    25.52 vs. open-TLIF: 14.88    22.07, P  = 0.47), and SF-36 physical component score ( @entity248 : 8.61    17.72 vs. open-TLIF: 7.61    15.55, P  = 0.93), and SF-36 mental component score ( @entity248 : 4.35    22.71 vs. open-TLIF: 5.96    21.09, P  = 0.69). @entity260 rates between both cohorts were also not significantly divergent between (12.50% vs. 11.11%, P  = 0.51). CONCLUSION: @entity248 is a safe and viable option for lumbar fusion in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 and, compared with open-TLIF, resulted in similar improvement in @entity158 . @entity260 rates between both cohorts were also not significantly divergent.

title: A prospective, multi-institutional comparative effectiveness study of lumbar spine surgery in morbidly XXXX @entity1 : does minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion result in superior outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['leg pain', 'pain and functional disability']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery are a challenge to the operating surgeon. Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ( @entity248 ) and open-TLIF have been performed for many years with good results; however, functional outcomes after lumbar spine surgery in this subgroup of @entity1 remain poorly understood. Furthermore, whether index @entity248 or open-TLIF for the treatment of @entity179 or spondylolisthesis in morbidly @entity28 results in superior postoperative functional outcomes remains unknown. METHODS: A total of 148 ( @entity248 : n  = 40, open-TLIF: n  = 108) @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing index lumbar arthrodesis for @entity1643 and/or @entity614 between January 2003 and December 2010 were selected from a multi-institutional prospective data registry. We collected and analyzed data on @entity1 demographics, @entity260 , @entity615 , @entity158 , and functional disability over 2 years. @entity1 completed the @entity717 Index (ODI), Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and back and @entity158 numerical rating scores before surgery and then at 12 and 24 months after surgery. Clinical outcomes and complication rates were compared between both @entity1 cohorts. RESULTS: Compared with preoperative status, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back and @entity158 , ODI, and SF-36 physical component score/mental component score were improved in both groups. Both @entity248 and open-TLIF @entity1 showed similar 2-year improvement in VAS for @entity615 ( @entity248 : 2.42    3.81 vs. open-TLIF: 2.33    3.67, P  = 0.89), VAS for @entity158 ( @entity248 : 3.77    4.53 vs. open-TLIF: 2.67    4.10, P  = 0.18), ODI ( @entity248 : 11.61    25.52 vs. open-TLIF: 14.88    22.07, P  = 0.47), and SF-36 physical component score ( @entity248 : 8.61    17.72 vs. open-TLIF: 7.61    15.55, P  = 0.93), and SF-36 mental component score ( @entity248 : 4.35    22.71 vs. open-TLIF: 5.96    21.09, P  = 0.69). @entity260 rates between both cohorts were also not significantly divergent between (12.50% vs. 11.11%, P  = 0.51). CONCLUSION: @entity248 is a safe and viable option for lumbar fusion in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 and, compared with open-TLIF, resulted in similar improvement in @entity158 . @entity260 rates between both cohorts were also not significantly divergent.

title: A prospective, multi-institutional comparative effectiveness study of lumbar spine surgery in morbidly @entity28 XXXX : does minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion result in superior outcomes?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraoperative modifications for and vision outcomes after implantation of glued intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eyes with @entity4354 . SETTING: Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre, Chennai, India. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: Eyes with a horizontal cornea of 10.0  mm or less were evaluated for intraoperative modifications and postoperative vision after implantation of a glued IOL. The type of surgery, type of IOL, incision and optic sizes, haptic length modifications, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, and @entity260 were analyzed. RESULTS: A glued IOL was @entity735 to treat subluxated @entity231 (9 eyes), @entity4118 (5), and intraoperative capsule loss (1). In cases involving a subluxated @entity231 , implantation of the glued IOL was followed by lensectomy (7 eyes) or intracapsular @entity231 extraction (2 eyes). The mean follow-up was 22.4 months      17.2 (SD). The mean horizontal corneal diameter and axial length were 8.0      0.6  mm and 21.0      2.4  mm, respectively. The mean amount of IOL haptic trimmed intraoperatively was 1.54      0.33  mm. There was significant correlation between the horizontal corneal diameter and the amount of haptic trimmed (P  =  .000). The mean size of the main incision was 3.70      0.98  mm. Three-piece foldable IOLs with a 6.0  mm optic were used. There were no cases of haptic extrusion or subconjunctival haptic placement. There was statistically significant improvement in CDVA (P  =  .032) and UDVA (P  =  .012) after surgery. CONCLUSION: Glued IOLs were safely implanted in eyes with @entity4354 using modifications such as custom haptic trimming and 6.0 mm optic foldable IOLs. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. Amar Agarwal is a paid consultant to Staar Surgical Co. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Implantation of glued intraocular lenses in eyes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['implanted in 15 eyes']

entities_list: @entity4354 :: ('MESH:C538287', 'Disease') :: ['microcornea']

answer: @entity4354 :: (MESH:C538287,Disease) :: ['microcornea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the surgical methods of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the @entity1 with active @entity378 of the knee and find out its curative effect after TKA. @entity1 ANDMETHODS: We analyzed 10 @entity1 with active @entity378 of the knee who received TKA in our department from March 2006 to March 2010, whose ages were from 22 to 64 years old (average age was 40.6    1 years). The following parameters were measured in the pre- and post-operation periods: HSS score, range of motion (ROM). From x-ray to find out post-operate curative effect of TKA. RESULTS: All cases had @entity158 and elevated ESR. @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity16 were not found in these cases. There were 4 cases that had sinuses on the skin: the skin healed before the operation took place. Pre-operation HSS average scores were 25.0    2. All @entity1 received TKA by the para-patellar medial approach. Eight cases were followed-up for 6-28 months; the average follow-up period was14    0.5 months. Post-operation we took an HSS score and X-rays to find out its curative effect after TKA operation. There were also no @entity1 with dislocation   aseptic loosening or @entity174 of prosthesis, although 1 case had recurrence. Post-operation's HSS average scores were 86.75    5.45. The average ROM was improved to 95    5  . CONCLUSIONS: Recent clinical results indicate that TKA is effective to treat the @entity1 with active @entity378 of the knee joint. TKA can significantly improve the function of the joint and relieve @entity158 , improving @entity1 ' living conditions.

title: Total knee arthroplasty treatment of active XXXX of the knee: a review of 10 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is a progressive @entity2057 caused by mutations in the @entity4714 gene. One-third of @entity1555 cases are complicated by @entity1032 . Here, we used reverse transcription PCR to analyze the pattern of @entity4714 transcripts in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Among the three alternative promoters/first exons at the 5'-end, only transcripts containing the brain cortex-specific C1 exon could be amplified. The C-transcript appeared as two products: a major product of the expected size and a minor larger product that contained the cryptic exon 1a between exons @entity6350 . At the 3'-end there was complete exon 78 skipping. Together, these findings indicate that SH-SY5Y cells have neuron-specific characteristics with regard to both promoter activation and alternative splicing. We also revealed partial skipping of exons 9 and 71. Four amplified products were obtained from a fragment covering exons 36-41: a strong expected product, two weak products lacking either exon 37 or exon 38, and a second strong larger product with a 568-bp insertion between exons 40 and 41. The inserted sequence matched the 3'-end of intron 40 perfectly. We concluded that a cryptic splice site was activated in SH-SY5Y cells to create the novel, unusually large, exon 41e (751  bp). In total, we identified seven alternative splicing events in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, and calculated that 32 @entity4714 transcripts could be produced. Our results may provide clues in the analysis of transcriptype-phenotype correlations as regards @entity1032 in @entity1555 .

title: Neuronal SH-SY5Y cells use the C- XXXX promoter coupled with exon 78 skipping and display multiple patterns of alternative splicing including two intronic insertion events.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting disease']

answer: @entity4714 :: (1756,Gene) :: ['dystrophin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Features of @entity4653 associated with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), such as low volume, variable rate of speech and increased pauses, impact speaker intelligibility. Those affected report restricted interactional participation, although this area is under explored. AIMS: To examine naturally occurring instances of problems with intelligibility that resulted in multiple attempts at repair in order to consider repair initiation strategies that might restrict or enhance participation. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity191 (PwPD) video-recorded over 10 h of informal conversation data in their home setting involving familiar @entity13299 ( @entity13299 ). Using a conversation analytic (CA) approach, and drawing on an existing typology of repair initiators (RIs) for everyday talk-in-interaction and their relative power to locate a turn's repairable element, the design and ordering of RIs used by @entity13299 was addressed, alongside their local consequences. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity13299 tended to increase the specificity of their RIs in line with the existing typology, progressing from open class forms (e.g. 'mm?') to more specific forms (e.g. questions/partial repeats). Repeated open class repair initiators (OCRIs) were used where @entity191 speakers' self-repair attempts provided limited information. Sometimes, however, specificity was increased too soon, before enough syntactic knowledge was gleaned, which resulted in an extended repair sequence. Where one OCRI followed another, the second always took a different form: lexically or in terms of prosodic/non-verbal features. RI forms not described in the existing typology were also identified, such as 'prompts to modify speech' (e.g. 'Speak louder') and repeating/rephrasing the original first pair part (e.g. question), and their effectiveness examined. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: First steps are presented towards the design of a communication intervention promoting the efficient resolution of repair to moderate social withdrawal and increase participation for this client group. Future research will need to explore the feasibility and acceptability of such a resource.

title: Multiple repair sequences in everyday conversations involving @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['CPs', 'conversation partners']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Features of @entity4653 associated with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), such as low volume, variable rate of speech and increased pauses, impact speaker intelligibility. Those affected report restricted interactional participation, although this area is under explored. AIMS: To examine naturally occurring instances of problems with intelligibility that resulted in multiple attempts at repair in order to consider repair initiation strategies that might restrict or enhance participation. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity191 (PwPD) video-recorded over 10 h of informal conversation data in their home setting involving familiar @entity13299 ( @entity13299 ). Using a conversation analytic (CA) approach, and drawing on an existing typology of repair initiators (RIs) for everyday talk-in-interaction and their relative power to locate a turn's repairable element, the design and ordering of RIs used by @entity13299 was addressed, alongside their local consequences. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity13299 tended to increase the specificity of their RIs in line with the existing typology, progressing from open class forms (e.g. 'mm?') to more specific forms (e.g. questions/partial repeats). Repeated open class repair initiators (OCRIs) were used where @entity191 speakers' self-repair attempts provided limited information. Sometimes, however, specificity was increased too soon, before enough syntactic knowledge was gleaned, which resulted in an extended repair sequence. Where one OCRI followed another, the second always took a different form: lexically or in terms of prosodic/non-verbal features. RI forms not described in the existing typology were also identified, such as 'prompts to modify speech' (e.g. 'Speak louder') and repeating/rephrasing the original first pair part (e.g. question), and their effectiveness examined. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: First steps are presented towards the design of a communication intervention promoting the efficient resolution of repair to moderate social withdrawal and increase participation for this client group. Future research will need to explore the feasibility and acceptability of such a resource.

title: Multiple repair sequences in everyday conversations involving XXXX with @entity191 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significant impact @entity810 ( @entity810 ) has on @entity1 morbidity and mortality emphasizes the need for early recognition and effective treatment. @entity810 presenting to or occurring during hospitalisation has been widely studied but little is known about the incidence and outcomes of @entity1 experiencing acute elevations in serum @entity1011 in the primary care setting where @entity1 are not subsequently admitted to hospital. The aim of this study was to define this incidence and explore its impact on mortality. METHODS: The study cohort was identified by using hospital data bases over a six month period.Inclusion criteria: @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 request during the study period, 18 or over and not on renal replacement therapy.The @entity1 were stratified by a rise in serum @entity1011 corresponding to the @entity810 Network (AKIN) criteria for comparison purposes. Descriptive and survival data were then analysed.Ethical approval was granted from National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee South East Coast and from the National Information Governance Board. RESULTS: The total study population was 61,432. 57,300 subjects with 'no @entity810 ', mean age 64.The number (mean age) of acute serum @entity1011 rises overall were, ' @entity810 1' 3,798 (72), ' @entity810 2' 232 (73), and ' @entity810 3' 102 (68) which equates to an overall incidence of 14,192 pmp/year (adult). Unadjusted 30 day survival was 99.9% in subjects with 'no @entity810 ', compared to 98.6%, 90.1% and 82.3% in those with ' @entity810 1', ' @entity810 2' and ' @entity810 3' respectively. After multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, baseline kidney function and co-morbidity the odds ratio of 30 day mortality was 5.3 (95% CI 3.6, 7.7), 36.8 (95% CI 21.6, 62.7) and 123 (95% CI 64.8, 235) respectively, compared to those without acute serum @entity1011 rises as defined. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who develop acute elevations of serum @entity1011 in primary care without being admitted to hospital have significantly worse outcomes than those with stable kidney function.

title: Do acute elevations of serum XXXX in primary care engender an increased mortality risk?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'AKI']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Providing a safe and efficient dental treatment for a young @entity1 is a challenge for the dentist and the @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of buccal @entity1363 in dental pediatric @entity1 and to compare it with oral @entity1363 . METHODS: Eighteen uncooperative healthy @entity1 aged 2.5-6 years were randomized to each of buccal @entity1363 (0.3mg/kg) or oral @entity1363 (0.5mg/kg) at the first visit, the alternative has been used at the second visit in a cross-over manner. The study took place at pediatric dentistry clinic of Shahed University, Tehran, from November 2011 to June 2012. The @entity1 ' vital signs and behavioral scores were recorded. The @entity1 , the operator and the observer were blinded to the applied medication. Post operatively, @entity1 ' and parents' satisfaction were assessed by Visual Analogue Score and a questionnaire respectively. The P-value was set at 0.05 for significance level. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences in physiologic factors in the medication groups at time 0, 10, 20, 30 minutes and discharge. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in behavioral parameters. The majority of parents rated both sedative agents as "effective" or "very effective" and their @entity1 mostly were without @entity148 or with minor @entity148 . CONCLUSION: Buccal @entity1363 may be safely and efficiently used in sedation of pediatric dental @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Oral and Buccal XXXX for Pediatric Dental Sedation: A Randomized, Cross-Over, Clinical Trial for Efficacy, Acceptance and Safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['Midazolam']


abstract: Medical therapy for @entity699 due to bilateral @entity774 (BMAH) is generally administered for a limited time before surgery. Aberrant receptors antagonists show inconsistent efficacy in the long run to prevent adrenalectomy. We present a @entity1 with BMAH, treated for 10 years with low doses of @entity3102 to control @entity701 secretion. A 48-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 and @entity101 . Investigations showed the following: no clinical signs of @entity699 ; enlarged lobulated adrenals; normal @entity1011 , @entity972 , and @entity1369 ; normal urinary @entity1369 and metanephrines; elevated urinary free @entity701 and @entity134 metabolites; and suppressed plasma @entity916 activity and ACTH. A screening protocol for aberrant adrenal receptors failed to show any illegitimate hormone dependence. @entity3102 caused rapid normalisation of @entity701 and ACTH that persists over 10 years on treatment, while adrenals show no change in shape or size. @entity3102 decreases @entity701 in @entity1 with @entity699 , and may prevent @entity774 . @entity134 secretion in BMAH is inefficient as compared with normal adrenals or secreting @entity5 and can be controlled with low, well-tolerated doses of @entity3102 , as an alternative to surgery. LEARNING POINTS: Enlarged, macronodular adrenals are often incidentally found during the investigation of @entity101 in @entity1 harboring BMAH. Although laboratory findings include low ACTH and elevated @entity701 , the majority of @entity1 do not display cushingoid features.Bilateral adrenalectomy, followed by life-long @entity134 replacement, is the usual treatment of this benign condition, and alternative medical therapy is sought. Therapy based on aberrant adrenal receptors gives disappointing results, and inhibitors of steroidogenesis are not always well tolerated.However, @entity3102 at low, well-tolerated doses appeared appropriate to control adrenal @entity134 secretion indefinitely, while preventing @entity774 . This treatment probably constitutes the most convenient long-term alternative to surgery.

title: Long-term low-dose XXXX treatment in bilateral @entity774 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal overgrowth', 'macronodular adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: Medical therapy for @entity699 due to bilateral @entity774 (BMAH) is generally administered for a limited time before surgery. Aberrant receptors antagonists show inconsistent efficacy in the long run to prevent adrenalectomy. We present a @entity1 with BMAH, treated for 10 years with low doses of @entity3102 to control @entity701 secretion. A 48-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 and @entity101 . Investigations showed the following: no clinical signs of @entity699 ; enlarged lobulated adrenals; normal @entity1011 , @entity972 , and @entity1369 ; normal urinary @entity1369 and metanephrines; elevated urinary free @entity701 and @entity134 metabolites; and suppressed plasma @entity916 activity and ACTH. A screening protocol for aberrant adrenal receptors failed to show any illegitimate hormone dependence. @entity3102 caused rapid normalisation of @entity701 and ACTH that persists over 10 years on treatment, while adrenals show no change in shape or size. @entity3102 decreases @entity701 in @entity1 with @entity699 , and may prevent @entity774 . @entity134 secretion in BMAH is inefficient as compared with normal adrenals or secreting @entity5 and can be controlled with low, well-tolerated doses of @entity3102 , as an alternative to surgery. LEARNING POINTS: Enlarged, macronodular adrenals are often incidentally found during the investigation of @entity101 in @entity1 harboring BMAH. Although laboratory findings include low ACTH and elevated @entity701 , the majority of @entity1 do not display cushingoid features.Bilateral adrenalectomy, followed by life-long @entity134 replacement, is the usual treatment of this benign condition, and alternative medical therapy is sought. Therapy based on aberrant adrenal receptors gives disappointing results, and inhibitors of steroidogenesis are not always well tolerated.However, @entity3102 at low, well-tolerated doses appeared appropriate to control adrenal @entity134 secretion indefinitely, while preventing @entity774 . This treatment probably constitutes the most convenient long-term alternative to surgery.

title: Long-term low-dose @entity3102 treatment in bilateral XXXX .

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['macronodular adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: To discriminate @entity362 from atypical @entity5 /well-differentiated @entity1821 (ALT/WDL) we perform fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for @entity7465 amplification in several problematic situations: " @entity362 " >10 cm, lesions with equivocal atypia, recurrent " @entity362 ," all @entity362 ", and in cases not fitting the above criteria but having worrisome clinical or radiologic features. To ascertain the validity of these criteria, we have reviewed our experience with 301 consecutive differentiated @entity5 in which the diagnosis of ALT could not be established on the basis of histologic sections and in which FISH was performed on the basis of the above criteria. The final diagnosis was based on @entity7465 amplification status. Given the nature of this study to evaluate difficult lesions, most cases included (74%) were received in consultation. This enhanced our study series for borderline cases, and the data presented may not be generalizable to adipocytic @entity5 seen outside a subspecialty setting. Of 301 cases, 108 proved to be ALT/WDL (36%). The most common test indication was size >10 cm (n=187), followed by equivocal atypia (n=145), retroperitoneal/pelvic/abdominal location (n=86), recurrence (n=33), and clinical concern (n=12). Of the @entity5 >10 cm, 68 (36%) proved to be ALT/WDL, whereas the remainder were interpreted as @entity362 or its variants (eg, spindle cell or @entity362 ). The 2 groups did not differ statistically in size, although ALTs consistently occurred in @entity1 above 50 years of age. Of the cases with equivocal atypia, 72 (50%) proved to be ALT/WDL. Those in the retroperitoneum/abdomen/pelvis were ALT/WDL in 30 cases (35%), and those that had recurred were ALT in 18 cases (55%). Recurrence, atypia, and having multiple indications for testing were more common in ALT than in benign lesions (P=0.02, 0.0001, 0.0012, respectively). No ALT/WDL occurred in the hands and feet, and only a single ALT/WDL was superficial (1 ALT/WDL vs. 60 @entity362 /spindle cell or @entity362 ). Small (<10 cm) @entity5 without additional features were always benign (n=9). On the basis of our results, FISH testing is recommended for: (1) recurrent lesions; (2) @entity75 that are >10 cm in @entity1 over 50 years of age; (3) in cases with equivocal atypia; (4) in lesions of the retroperitoneum/pelvis/abdomen, and in special clinical situations as directed by treating clinicians. Testing is low yield in superficial lesions, in small extremity lesions without additional indicators for testing, in large extremity lesions without additional features in @entity1 under the age of 50, and in lesions arising in the hands/feet. More evidence is needed regarding testing in @entity75 without additional features. By adopting these criteria, we could have avoided testing 74 cases, missing a single superficial ALT/WDL.

title: XXXX Amplification in Problematic @entity5 : Analysis of FISH Testing Criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'lipomas', 'retroperitoneal/pelvic/abdominal "lipomas', 'pleomorphic lipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumors', 'retroperitoneal tumors', 'lipomatous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep extremity lesions', 'small retroperitoneal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity7465 :: (4193,Gene) :: ['MDM2']


abstract: To discriminate @entity362 from atypical @entity5 /well-differentiated @entity1821 (ALT/WDL) we perform fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for @entity7465 amplification in several problematic situations: " @entity362 " >10 cm, lesions with equivocal atypia, recurrent " @entity362 ," all @entity362 ", and in cases not fitting the above criteria but having worrisome clinical or radiologic features. To ascertain the validity of these criteria, we have reviewed our experience with 301 consecutive differentiated @entity5 in which the diagnosis of ALT could not be established on the basis of histologic sections and in which FISH was performed on the basis of the above criteria. The final diagnosis was based on @entity7465 amplification status. Given the nature of this study to evaluate difficult lesions, most cases included (74%) were received in consultation. This enhanced our study series for borderline cases, and the data presented may not be generalizable to adipocytic @entity5 seen outside a subspecialty setting. Of 301 cases, 108 proved to be ALT/WDL (36%). The most common test indication was size >10 cm (n=187), followed by equivocal atypia (n=145), retroperitoneal/pelvic/abdominal location (n=86), recurrence (n=33), and clinical concern (n=12). Of the @entity5 >10 cm, 68 (36%) proved to be ALT/WDL, whereas the remainder were interpreted as @entity362 or its variants (eg, spindle cell or @entity362 ). The 2 groups did not differ statistically in size, although ALTs consistently occurred in @entity1 above 50 years of age. Of the cases with equivocal atypia, 72 (50%) proved to be ALT/WDL. Those in the retroperitoneum/abdomen/pelvis were ALT/WDL in 30 cases (35%), and those that had recurred were ALT in 18 cases (55%). Recurrence, atypia, and having multiple indications for testing were more common in ALT than in benign lesions (P=0.02, 0.0001, 0.0012, respectively). No ALT/WDL occurred in the hands and feet, and only a single ALT/WDL was superficial (1 ALT/WDL vs. 60 @entity362 /spindle cell or @entity362 ). Small (<10 cm) @entity5 without additional features were always benign (n=9). On the basis of our results, FISH testing is recommended for: (1) recurrent lesions; (2) @entity75 that are >10 cm in @entity1 over 50 years of age; (3) in cases with equivocal atypia; (4) in lesions of the retroperitoneum/pelvis/abdomen, and in special clinical situations as directed by treating clinicians. Testing is low yield in superficial lesions, in small extremity lesions without additional indicators for testing, in large extremity lesions without additional features in @entity1 under the age of 50, and in lesions arising in the hands/feet. More evidence is needed regarding testing in @entity75 without additional features. By adopting these criteria, we could have avoided testing 74 cases, missing a single superficial ALT/WDL.

title: @entity7465 Amplification in Problematic XXXX : Analysis of FISH Testing Criteria.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Lipomatous Tumors']


abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) support the growth and differentiation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we studied the ability of MSCs to support the growth and survival of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in vitro. Primary @entity1778 isolated from the peripheral blood of 8 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) were co-cultured with equal numbers of irradiated MSCs derived from unrelated donor bone marrow, with or without cytokines for up to 6weeks. Four samples showed @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) predominance, and four were predominantly @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+). @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) predominant @entity1778 cells maintained the @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) phenotype and were viable for 6weeks when co-cultured with MSCs compared to co-cultures with cytokines or medium only, which showed rapid differentiation and loss of the LSC phenotype. In contrast, @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) predominant leukemic cells maintained the @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) phenotype when co-cultured with MSCs alone, but no culture conditions supported survival beyond 4weeks. Cell cycle analysis showed that MSCs maintained a higher proportion of @entity2280 (+) blasts in G0 than leukemic cells cultured with cytokines. @entity3052 blasts maintained in culture with MSCs for up to 6weeks engrafted NSG @entity19 with the same efficiency as their non-cultured counterparts, and the original karyotype persisted after co-culture. Chemosensitivity and transwell assays suggest that MSCs provide pro-survival benefits to @entity1778 through cell-cell contact. We conclude that MSCs support long-term maintenance of LSCs in vitro. This simple and inexpensive approach will facilitate basic investigation of LSCs and enable screening of novel therapeutic agents targeting LSCs.

title: Long term maintenance of myeloid leukemic stem cells cultured with unrelated XXXX mesenchymal stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cognitive slowing is a core neuropsychological symptom of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). We aimed to assess the extent to which @entity73 in @entity15 was predicted by changes in dorsolateral prefrontal networks. METHOD: We assessed @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and healthy controls (HCs) on measures of processing speed. @entity1 underwent a functional MRI while performing a processing speed task to allow assessment of task-based connectivity. RESULTS: @entity1 were slower than HCs on the processing speed tasks. @entity1 showed attenuated connectivity between right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and task-relevant brain regions compared to HCs during processing speed task performance. @entity1 ' connectivity with DLPFC in these group-disparate networks accounted for significant variability in their performance on processing speed measures administered both in and out of the imaging environment. Specifically, @entity1 who had stronger functional connections with DLPFC in group-disparate networks performed faster than @entity1 with weaker connections with DLPFC in group-disparate networks. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that @entity15 -related @entity73 can be accounted for by systemic alterations in executive functional networks. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Asynchrony in executive networks predicts @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive slowing']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cognitive slowing is a core neuropsychological symptom of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). We aimed to assess the extent to which @entity73 in @entity15 was predicted by changes in dorsolateral prefrontal networks. METHOD: We assessed @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and healthy controls (HCs) on measures of processing speed. @entity1 underwent a functional MRI while performing a processing speed task to allow assessment of task-based connectivity. RESULTS: @entity1 were slower than HCs on the processing speed tasks. @entity1 showed attenuated connectivity between right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and task-relevant brain regions compared to HCs during processing speed task performance. @entity1 ' connectivity with DLPFC in these group-disparate networks accounted for significant variability in their performance on processing speed measures administered both in and out of the imaging environment. Specifically, @entity1 who had stronger functional connections with DLPFC in group-disparate networks performed faster than @entity1 with weaker connections with DLPFC in group-disparate networks. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that @entity15 -related @entity73 can be accounted for by systemic alterations in executive functional networks. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Asynchrony in executive networks predicts XXXX in @entity15 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive slowing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insufficient production oferythropoietin ( @entity1307 ) is the primary cause ofanemia in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The @entity1307 treatment is an established treatment for @entity8 . The study investigated the therapeutic outcome between lyophilized powder and liquid form of @entity1307 alpha by intravenous (IV) administration in hemoglobin maintenance of anemic treatment for @entity740 @entity1 receiving hemodialysis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty @entity1 were randomly assigned to either lyophilized powder of @entity1307 alpha (treatment, n = 21) or liquidform of @entity1307 alpha (control, n = 19) for 12 weeks by lVadministration. The hemoglobin was maintained within the target range of 10. 0 to 12.0 g/dL by adjusting the dosage of @entity1307 . The clinical and biochemical profiles including @entity69 saturation andferritin were measured. Adverse events were documented. RESULTS: The mean hemoglobin ofboth groups at baseline was 11.2  0.6 g/dL. Mean hemoglobin and mean hematocrit levels at baseline, and follow-up data of both groups were not statistically different. The mean weekly dosage of @entity1307 in the treatment and control groups had no statistical significance within the same group and between groups as well. Stable hemoglobin levels were maintained without @entity1307 dosage adjustment in the majority ofpatients in both groups (treatment group, 90.5%, control group, 94.7%). During the 12-week study period, no serious side effect was detected CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the lyophilizedpowder ofEPO alpha was effective and safe as the standard liquid form of @entity1307 alpha when it was administered by IV route in hemoglobin maintenance of @entity417 treatment.

title: A comparative study of efficacy and safety of the lyophilized powder alpha-erythropoietin and the liquid form alpha-erythropoietin for hemoglobin maintenance in XXXX with hemodialysis treatment.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity26720 (HSA)/ @entity26720 is a cell surface molecule expressed by many cell types in the @entity19 . The molecule has an unusual structure because of its small protein core and extensive glycosylation. In order to study the functional role of the HSA-associated glycoconjugates we have isolated different forms of HSA. Using lectin analysis we provide evidence for extensive heterogeneity in @entity1735 composition and @entity3167 linkage. Several HSA forms were recognized by @entity19 P-selectin-IgG but not E-selectin-IgG in ELISA. As expected, P-selectin-IgG also bound to L2/ @entity52140 -positive neural glycoproteins (L2-glycoproteins) and @entity4496 but not to gangliosides and other control glycoproteins. The binding of P-selectin-IgG to L2-glycoproteins and HSA required bivalent cations. The reactivity to HSA was sensitive to sialidase treatment whereas the binding to L2-glycoproteins was not. Studies with alpha 2-6 sialytransferase indicated that alpha 2-6 linked @entity3167 was not involved in the P-selectin binding to HSA. Surprisingly, an L2/ @entity52140 specific antibody was found to cross-react with some HSA glycoforms and its binding correlated with P-selectin-IgG reactivity. L2/ @entity52140 -positive or L2/ @entity52140 -negative HSA glycoforms were also analyzed after coating to @entity852 beads. Only the L2/ @entity52140 -positive HSA coated beads were reactive with P-selectin-IgG and could bind to activated @entity14879 endothelioma cells expressing P-selectin whereas the L2/ @entity52140 -negative HSA beads did not. It is suggested that in its L2/ @entity52140 modified form the HSA molecule on leukocytes could represent a ligand for P-selectin on endothelial cells or platelets.

title: XXXX ( @entity26720 ) as ligand for @entity19 P-selectin.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4496 :: ('MESH:D013433', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfatides']

answer: @entity26720 :: (12484(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Heat-stable antigen']


abstract: @entity26720 (HSA)/ @entity26720 is a cell surface molecule expressed by many cell types in the @entity19 . The molecule has an unusual structure because of its small protein core and extensive glycosylation. In order to study the functional role of the HSA-associated glycoconjugates we have isolated different forms of HSA. Using lectin analysis we provide evidence for extensive heterogeneity in @entity1735 composition and @entity3167 linkage. Several HSA forms were recognized by @entity19 P-selectin-IgG but not E-selectin-IgG in ELISA. As expected, P-selectin-IgG also bound to L2/ @entity52140 -positive neural glycoproteins (L2-glycoproteins) and @entity4496 but not to gangliosides and other control glycoproteins. The binding of P-selectin-IgG to L2-glycoproteins and HSA required bivalent cations. The reactivity to HSA was sensitive to sialidase treatment whereas the binding to L2-glycoproteins was not. Studies with alpha 2-6 sialytransferase indicated that alpha 2-6 linked @entity3167 was not involved in the P-selectin binding to HSA. Surprisingly, an L2/ @entity52140 specific antibody was found to cross-react with some HSA glycoforms and its binding correlated with P-selectin-IgG reactivity. L2/ @entity52140 -positive or L2/ @entity52140 -negative HSA glycoforms were also analyzed after coating to @entity852 beads. Only the L2/ @entity52140 -positive HSA coated beads were reactive with P-selectin-IgG and could bind to activated @entity14879 endothelioma cells expressing P-selectin whereas the L2/ @entity52140 -negative HSA beads did not. It is suggested that in its L2/ @entity52140 modified form the HSA molecule on leukocytes could represent a ligand for P-selectin on endothelial cells or platelets.

title: @entity26720 ( XXXX ) as ligand for @entity19 P-selectin.

answer: @entity26720 :: (12484(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD24']


abstract: @entity26720 (HSA)/ @entity26720 is a cell surface molecule expressed by many cell types in the @entity19 . The molecule has an unusual structure because of its small protein core and extensive glycosylation. In order to study the functional role of the HSA-associated glycoconjugates we have isolated different forms of HSA. Using lectin analysis we provide evidence for extensive heterogeneity in @entity1735 composition and @entity3167 linkage. Several HSA forms were recognized by @entity19 P-selectin-IgG but not E-selectin-IgG in ELISA. As expected, P-selectin-IgG also bound to L2/ @entity52140 -positive neural glycoproteins (L2-glycoproteins) and @entity4496 but not to gangliosides and other control glycoproteins. The binding of P-selectin-IgG to L2-glycoproteins and HSA required bivalent cations. The reactivity to HSA was sensitive to sialidase treatment whereas the binding to L2-glycoproteins was not. Studies with alpha 2-6 sialytransferase indicated that alpha 2-6 linked @entity3167 was not involved in the P-selectin binding to HSA. Surprisingly, an L2/ @entity52140 specific antibody was found to cross-react with some HSA glycoforms and its binding correlated with P-selectin-IgG reactivity. L2/ @entity52140 -positive or L2/ @entity52140 -negative HSA glycoforms were also analyzed after coating to @entity852 beads. Only the L2/ @entity52140 -positive HSA coated beads were reactive with P-selectin-IgG and could bind to activated @entity14879 endothelioma cells expressing P-selectin whereas the L2/ @entity52140 -negative HSA beads did not. It is suggested that in its L2/ @entity52140 modified form the HSA molecule on leukocytes could represent a ligand for P-selectin on endothelial cells or platelets.

title: @entity26720 ( @entity26720 ) as ligand for XXXX P-selectin.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, complications, and managements of the readjustable midurethral sling (Remeex system) for the treatment of recurrent stress @entity322 (SUI) after previous anti- @entity322 surgeries or @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). METHODS: Between March 2008 and February 2012, 102 @entity1 , who presented with previous failed surgery or @entity1690 , were treated with the Remeex system at 4 different institutions. We retrospectively reviewed medical history, physical examination, urodynamic study, postvoiding residual volume, and/or 1-hour pad test of the @entity1 . Surgical outcomes were evaluated using the Severity Index for @entity322 . The degree of @entity1 satisfaction was assessed, and all complications were classified according to the modified Clavien classification system. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 27.6  months (range, 14-56 months), 91 @entity1 (89.2%) were cured and 6 @entity1 (5.9%) were improved. The @entity1 's satisfaction rate was 87.2% (89 of 102 @entity1 ). Overall, 41 @entity1 (40.2%) experienced 53 complications; 15 @entity1 (14.7%) presented de novo urgency, which was properly managed with anticholinergics, and 14 @entity1 (13.7%) underwent delayed sling readjustment for recurrent SUI (n  = 13) and urinary retention (n  = 1) during follow-up. Among 6 @entity1 (5.9%) with wound @entity281 , 4 @entity1 were successfully treated by daily dressing with antibiotics, and 2 @entity1 underwent removal of the Remeex system owing to intractable @entity281 . Most complications were classified as grade 1 (54.8%) or 2 (15.1%) and were successfully treated with minimal conservative measures. CONCLUSION: The Remeex system is a valuable adjunct for recurrent SUI after previous anti- @entity322 surgeries or @entity1690 , considering most complications are Clavien grade I or II.

title: Midterm Efficacy and Complications of  Readjustable Midurethral Sling (Remeex System) in Female Stress @entity322 With Recurrence or  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary Incontinence', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, complications, and managements of the readjustable midurethral sling (Remeex system) for the treatment of recurrent stress @entity322 (SUI) after previous anti- @entity322 surgeries or @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). METHODS: Between March 2008 and February 2012, 102 @entity1 , who presented with previous failed surgery or @entity1690 , were treated with the Remeex system at 4 different institutions. We retrospectively reviewed medical history, physical examination, urodynamic study, postvoiding residual volume, and/or 1-hour pad test of the @entity1 . Surgical outcomes were evaluated using the Severity Index for @entity322 . The degree of @entity1 satisfaction was assessed, and all complications were classified according to the modified Clavien classification system. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 27.6  months (range, 14-56 months), 91 @entity1 (89.2%) were cured and 6 @entity1 (5.9%) were improved. The @entity1 's satisfaction rate was 87.2% (89 of 102 @entity1 ). Overall, 41 @entity1 (40.2%) experienced 53 complications; 15 @entity1 (14.7%) presented de novo urgency, which was properly managed with anticholinergics, and 14 @entity1 (13.7%) underwent delayed sling readjustment for recurrent SUI (n  = 13) and urinary retention (n  = 1) during follow-up. Among 6 @entity1 (5.9%) with wound @entity281 , 4 @entity1 were successfully treated by daily dressing with antibiotics, and 2 @entity1 underwent removal of the Remeex system owing to intractable @entity281 . Most complications were classified as grade 1 (54.8%) or 2 (15.1%) and were successfully treated with minimal conservative measures. CONCLUSION: The Remeex system is a valuable adjunct for recurrent SUI after previous anti- @entity322 surgeries or @entity1690 , considering most complications are Clavien grade I or II.

title: Midterm Efficacy and Complications of  Readjustable Midurethral Sling (Remeex System) in Female Stress XXXX With Recurrence or  @entity1690 .

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Urinary Incontinence']


abstract: @entity1514 sympathectomy is a very effective treatment of palmar @entity1119 . The described endoscopic technique has given good primary results in 99% of @entity1 . After another session with this type of "minimal invasive surgery" 100% of the hands were satisfactorily dry. The hospital stay is just one post-operative day and the sick-leave is about a week. The drawbacks are minimal. @entity158 is tolerable and only eight @entity1 needed a post-operative B  lau-drainage because of pneumothorax or @entity548 . About 50% of @entity1 experience a compensatory increased sweating of the trunk, but this is related to a warm environment and regulation of body temperature and seems to decrease with time. This technique makes it possible to treat all those suffering from palmar @entity1119 which can be a substantial, but underestimated handicap. To meet this kind of @entity1 after a successful operation is extremely satisfying even for the surgeon. The post-operative wet and cold hand has immediately post-operatively become warm and dry.

title: Thoracoscopic sympathicotomy for XXXX --surgical technique, complications and side effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 is one of the most common @entity16 , affecting about 1-4% of @entity1 older than 60 years. Among the proposed mechanisms of @entity1726 generation, free @entity16 is believed to play a pivotal role in the development and/or progression of the disease. Recently, PPARs, a class of transcription factors involved in several pathways both in physiological and pathological conditions, have been linked by us and others to @entity179 . Particularly, PPARy and its ligands have been indicated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of several pathological conditions associated with neuroinflammation within the CNS. The anti-inflammatory function of PPARy has attracted attention since agonists exert a broad spectrum of protective effects in several animal models of @entity16 , including @entity146 . On the other hand a detrimental role for @entity12578 /   has been proposed in Alzheimer, being closely related to the decrease of @entity2136 and Trkfl. On these bases, in this work we used a @entity2955 hemi-lesioned @entity35 model, inducing @entity528 , to study the effects of the lesion at three time points from the lesion (1, 2 and 3 weeks), in relevant areas of @entity1726 motor symptoms, such as substantia nigra and globus pallidus and in the area of reward and mood control, the nucleus accumbens. In particular, it was studied: i) the expression of @entity2136 and its downstream signals; ii) the modulation of PPARs levels. The results obtained indicate the possible use of a dual @entity12578 /   antagonist/PPARy agonist to counteract primary and secondary signs of @entity179 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12578 /   and y in a @entity35 Model of @entity191 : Possible Involvement in XXXX Symptoms.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases', 'radical damage', 'neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'PD neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['loss of dopaminergic neurons']

answer: @entity1726 :: (OMIM:168600,Disease) :: ['PD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 is one of the most common @entity16 , affecting about 1-4% of @entity1 older than 60 years. Among the proposed mechanisms of @entity1726 generation, free @entity16 is believed to play a pivotal role in the development and/or progression of the disease. Recently, PPARs, a class of transcription factors involved in several pathways both in physiological and pathological conditions, have been linked by us and others to @entity179 . Particularly, PPARy and its ligands have been indicated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of several pathological conditions associated with neuroinflammation within the CNS. The anti-inflammatory function of PPARy has attracted attention since agonists exert a broad spectrum of protective effects in several animal models of @entity16 , including @entity146 . On the other hand a detrimental role for @entity12578 /   has been proposed in Alzheimer, being closely related to the decrease of @entity2136 and Trkfl. On these bases, in this work we used a @entity2955 hemi-lesioned @entity35 model, inducing @entity528 , to study the effects of the lesion at three time points from the lesion (1, 2 and 3 weeks), in relevant areas of @entity1726 motor symptoms, such as substantia nigra and globus pallidus and in the area of reward and mood control, the nucleus accumbens. In particular, it was studied: i) the expression of @entity2136 and its downstream signals; ii) the modulation of PPARs levels. The results obtained indicate the possible use of a dual @entity12578 /   antagonist/PPARy agonist to counteract primary and secondary signs of @entity179 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12578 /   and y in a @entity35 Model of XXXX : Possible Involvement in @entity1726 Symptoms.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 is one of the most common @entity16 , affecting about 1-4% of @entity1 older than 60 years. Among the proposed mechanisms of @entity1726 generation, free @entity16 is believed to play a pivotal role in the development and/or progression of the disease. Recently, PPARs, a class of transcription factors involved in several pathways both in physiological and pathological conditions, have been linked by us and others to @entity179 . Particularly, PPARy and its ligands have been indicated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of several pathological conditions associated with neuroinflammation within the CNS. The anti-inflammatory function of PPARy has attracted attention since agonists exert a broad spectrum of protective effects in several animal models of @entity16 , including @entity146 . On the other hand a detrimental role for @entity12578 /   has been proposed in Alzheimer, being closely related to the decrease of @entity2136 and Trkfl. On these bases, in this work we used a @entity2955 hemi-lesioned @entity35 model, inducing @entity528 , to study the effects of the lesion at three time points from the lesion (1, 2 and 3 weeks), in relevant areas of @entity1726 motor symptoms, such as substantia nigra and globus pallidus and in the area of reward and mood control, the nucleus accumbens. In particular, it was studied: i) the expression of @entity2136 and its downstream signals; ii) the modulation of PPARs levels. The results obtained indicate the possible use of a dual @entity12578 /   antagonist/PPARy agonist to counteract primary and secondary signs of @entity179 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX /   and y in a @entity35 Model of @entity191 : Possible Involvement in @entity1726 Symptoms.

answer: @entity12578 :: (25682(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PPARb']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 is one of the most common @entity16 , affecting about 1-4% of @entity1 older than 60 years. Among the proposed mechanisms of @entity1726 generation, free @entity16 is believed to play a pivotal role in the development and/or progression of the disease. Recently, PPARs, a class of transcription factors involved in several pathways both in physiological and pathological conditions, have been linked by us and others to @entity179 . Particularly, PPARy and its ligands have been indicated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of several pathological conditions associated with neuroinflammation within the CNS. The anti-inflammatory function of PPARy has attracted attention since agonists exert a broad spectrum of protective effects in several animal models of @entity16 , including @entity146 . On the other hand a detrimental role for @entity12578 /   has been proposed in Alzheimer, being closely related to the decrease of @entity2136 and Trkfl. On these bases, in this work we used a @entity2955 hemi-lesioned @entity35 model, inducing @entity528 , to study the effects of the lesion at three time points from the lesion (1, 2 and 3 weeks), in relevant areas of @entity1726 motor symptoms, such as substantia nigra and globus pallidus and in the area of reward and mood control, the nucleus accumbens. In particular, it was studied: i) the expression of @entity2136 and its downstream signals; ii) the modulation of PPARs levels. The results obtained indicate the possible use of a dual @entity12578 /   antagonist/PPARy agonist to counteract primary and secondary signs of @entity179 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12578 /   and y in a XXXX Model of @entity191 : Possible Involvement in @entity1726 Symptoms.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Current knowledge of molecules involved in immunology and @entity56 results from the significant contributions of x-ray crystallography, a discipline that just celebrated its 100th anniversary. The histories of allergens and x-ray crystallography are intimately intertwined. The first enzyme structure to be determined was lysozyme, also known as the @entity1573 food allergen Gal d 4. Crystallography determines the exact 3-dimensional positions of atoms in molecules. Structures of molecular complexes in the disciplines of immunology and @entity566 have revealed the atoms involved in  molecular interactions and mechanisms of disease. These complexes include peptides presented by MHC class II molecules, cytokines bound to their receptors, allergen-antibody complexes, and innate immune receptors with their ligands. The information derived from crystallographic studies provides insights into the function of molecules. Allergen function is one of the determinants of environmental exposure, which is essential for IgE sensitization. Proteolytic activity of allergens or their capacity to bind LPSs can also contribute to allergenicity. The atomic positions define the molecular surface that is accessible to antibodies. In turn, this surface determines antibody specificity and cross-reactivity, which are important factors for the selection of allergen panels used for molecular diagnosis and the interpretation of  clinical symptoms. This review celebrates the contributions of x-ray crystallography to clinical immunology and @entity566 , focusing on new molecular perspectives that influence the diagnosis and treatment of @entity56 .

title: 100  Years later: Celebrating the contributions of x-ray crystallography to XXXX and clinical immunology.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Salivary biomarkers have shown to be useful to assess physiological stress in football, but their relationship with physical performance is unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of a football match on salivary @entity701 , @entity251 and @entity7571 ( @entity7571 ) concentrations in elite footballers, and to examine the relationship of physical performance during the match to these biomarkers. Nine elite football players were assessed before, during and after a friendly international match. Physical performance during the match was measured by time-motion analysis, whilst salivary @entity701 , @entity251 and @entity7571 were measured before and 10  min post-match. The results showed that players covered an average of 9463      458  m during the match. Salivary @entity701 did not change post-match. @entity251 and @entity7571 concentrations decreased by 30.6% and 74.5%, respectively. The @entity251 / @entity701 ( @entity14552 ) ratio decreased by 64.2% after the match. Changes in @entity251 concentrations correlated (r  =  0.85) with distance covered. Pre- and post-match @entity251 levels correlated with post-match @entity7571 concentrations (r  =  0.8 and 0.89, respectively). These results suggest that a football match induces catabolic stress as indicated by the decreased T/C ratio. It seems that footballers with smaller decreases in @entity251 levels covered more distance and decreased their immune function less.

title: Salivary hormones and XXXX in relation to physical performance in football.

entities_list: @entity7571 :: ('973', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin A', 'IgA']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity7571 :: (973,Gene) :: ['IgA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Improving Outcomes in @entity5 guidelines recommended centralisation of cystectomy services to improve outcomes for @entity150 ( @entity150 ) @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends in all-cause and cause-specific survival to see if there was an improvement in survival after centralisation was implemented. To analyse trends in the number of acute hospital trusts undertaking cystectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We used routine data to capture information on radical cystectomy (RC) in @entity150 @entity1 aged 20 yr and older between 1998 and 2010 (n=16  033). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We calculated 30-d and 90-d mortality, and 30-d, 90-d, 1-yr, and 5-yr survival. The average number of RCs per trust was derived. Trends were identified using regression analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The 30-d crude mortality decreased from 5.2% to 2.1% (p<0.001) and 90-d crude mortality decreased from 10.3% to 5.1% (p<0.001). There was an increase in 30-d relative survival from 96% to 98% (p<0.001), in 90-d relative survival from 91% to 96% (p<0.001), in 1-yr relative survival from 71% to 80% (p<0.001), and in 5-yr relative survival from 49% to 56% (2004-2006 data; p<0.001). The mean number of RCs performed by trusts in England increased from six to 24 (p<0.001). Smoking status and stage at diagnosis were not available. CONCLUSIONS: Survival after RC has increased alongside decreases in short-term mortality. There is little evidence of a cohort effect. The trends in survival are linear and we conclude that the continued survival improvements are a result of a combination of service improvements that include service reconfiguration, improved surgical training, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, enhanced recovery principles, and continued improvements in perioperative care. @entity1 SUMMARY: We analysed routinely collected hospital data. Outcomes for @entity1 who undergo cystectomy have improved for all age groups. This is likely to be due to a combination of changes in practice.

title: Trends in Operative Caseload and Mortality Rates after Radical Cystectomy for XXXX in England for 1998-2010.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Urological Cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'BCa']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: A @entity8274 ( @entity8274 ) was used to locate the distribution of @entity15773 in normal skin and in various types of scar tissue: mature scar tissue, @entity2805 and keloids. The study was intended to establish whether or not a deviant @entity15773 distribution could explain the different clinical features of these scar tissues. The distribution of @entity15773 was found to differ between the various scar tissues. In normal skin an intense @entity15773 -staining was observed in the papillary dermis. In mature scar tissue the distribution of @entity15773 resembled that of normal uninjured tissue, but the layer of @entity15773 was thinner. In @entity2805 , @entity15773 occurred mainly as a narrow strip in the papillary dermis. Keloid tissue showed the least @entity15773 -staining of the papillary layer and resembled that of the bulging reticular dermis. In contrast, the thickened granular and spinous layer of the keloid epidermis exhibited an intense @entity15773 -staining. We suggest that the altered distribution and amount of @entity15773 in these different scar tissues may contribute to their different clinical characteristics. This histochemical technique for the demonstration of @entity15773 in scar tissue could be of use in clinical work to decide on therapeutic strategies.

title: The distribution of hyaluronan in human skin and mature, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8274 :: ('3026', 'Gene') :: ['hyaluronan-binding protein', 'HABP']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar tissue']

answer: @entity2805 :: (MESH:D017439,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic and keloid scars']


abstract: @entity2696 constitute a group of very rare diseases and occur with a frequency of 1/250,000 to 1/20,000 of hospitalizations. Even though they are benign lesions, their complications may turn into a life-threatening condition. They usually occur in @entity1 (90%), they are either congenital or they appear before the @entity1 's second birthday. Occassionally they are found in adults. @entity2696 are usually localized around neck, but also near armpits and in the groin area. Less than 1% of lymphagiomas are detected in the retroperitoneal space and intestinal mesentery. @entity455 derived from lymphatic vessels can be divided into ordinary ones, usually known as capillary, cavernous, and cystic. The @entity5 ( @entity2696 mesenteri) is the least common. It occurs mostly in the retroperitoneal space, mesentery of the colon, or extremely rarely in the mesentery of the small intestine. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to non-specific clinical symptoms and noncharacteristic image in the diagnostic tests. @entity2696 complications, such as @entity1321 or perforation, and persistent @entity158 , are the cause of exploratory laparotomy. Final diagnosis requires microscopic examination of material collected during an operation. This article presented the case of a 40-year-old female, operated due to the obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, in whose case the @entity2696 was recognised in postoperative histopathological examination of the @entity5 from the jejunal mesentery. Since @entity1 with these @entity5 have good chances of complete recovery - if there are no serious complications - it appears that the optimal therapeutic procedure should be early surgery, which reduces the possibility of complications.

title: Multiannual abdominal XXXX complicated by obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract in the course of cystic form of mesenteric lymhangioma of the small intestine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphangioma', 'Lymphangiomas', 'lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metal oxide transport layers have played a crucial role in recent progress in organic photovoltaic (OPV) device stability. Here, we measure the stability of inverted and encapsulated @entity27416 : @entity16820 cells with @entity34687 /Ag/Al composite anode in operational conditions combining solar radiation and 65   C. Performance loss of over 50% in the first 100 h of the aging is dominated by a drop in the short-circuit current (Jsc). We reveal a concurrent loss in reflectance from 85% to 50% above 650 nm, which is below the optical gap of the used photoactive materials, hence, excluding any major degradation in the bulk of this layer. Correlating the responses of aged devices to a series of test structures comprised of ITO/ @entity1948 cathode, @entity34687 /Ag, and @entity34687 /Ag/Al anodes and their combinations with the active layer allowed us to identify that the presence of Al causes the reduced reflectance in these devices, independent of the presence of the active layer. Systematic single-stress aging on the test structures further indicates that elevated heat is the cause of the reflectance loss. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis revealed the unsuspected role of Al; notably, it diffuses through the entire 150 nm thick Ag layer and accumulates at the @entity34687 /Ag interface. Moreover, XRD analysis of the aged @entity34687 /Ag/Al anode indicates the formation of Ag2Al alloy. Depth profiling with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy advanced our understanding by confirming the formation of Ag-Al intermetallic alloy and the presence of oxidized Al only at the @entity34687 /Ag interface suggesting a concomitant reduction of @entity34687 to most probably @entity71361 . This latter compound is less reflective than @entity34687 , which can explain the reduced reflectance in aged devices as proven by optical simulations. On the basis of these results, we could estimate that 20% of the loss in Jsc is ascribed to reduction of @entity34687 triggered by its direct contact with Al.

title: Root-Cause Failure Analysis of Photocurrent Loss in XXXX : @entity16820 -Based Inverted Solar Cells.

entities_list: @entity27416 :: ('MESH:C066730', 'Chemical') :: ['polythiophene']

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerene']

answer: @entity27416 :: (MESH:C066730,Chemical) :: ['Polythiophene']