abstract: @entity1338 , a noradrenergic agonist has been associated with improved walking in both spinal cat and spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this brief review is to compare the effects of @entity1338 on walking capabilities in SCI subjects with functionally complete and incomplete @entity1566 . STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Both oral administration and intrathecal injection of @entity1338 were investigated. A motorized treadmill was used and harness support provided in most of the SCI subjects as no walking capabilities could be observed overground. A single subject design was used in these chronic SCI subjects. SETTING: Canada and France. RESULTS: In complete SCI subjects while receiving @entity1338 , none of the subjects was able to initiate independent stepping. In contrast, the greatest effects were found in SCI subjects with injuries that are incomplete but still severely disabling while minimal effects could be observed in the more functional SCI subjects. These effects on walking are observed in measures of walking speed, and electromyographic and kinematic patterns. Regardless of effects on walking, however, a consistent decrease of the flexor reflex amplitude could be observed in all SCI subjects independent of the severity of the lesion. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrated that @entity1338 could be a powerful anti-spasmodic drug in addition to improving locomotion in a limited number of SCI subjects. The mechanism, significance and implications of these results will be discussed.

title: The effect of noradrenergic drugs on the recovery of walking after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine', 'Clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper @entity360 is a frequent and potentially severe complication of most digestive diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Upper endoscopy has a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity360 , however epidemiological studies are still limited in our country. Aims - To assess the clinical characteristics, endoscopic accuracy, treatment efficiency and clinical outcome of @entity1 admitted to the endoscopic unit with @entity360 . METHODS: A retrospective study of consecutive records from @entity1 who underwent emergency endoscopy for @entity360 was performed during a period of 2 years. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were male 68.7%, with a mean age of 54.5 +/- 17.5 years. A @entity548 site could be detected in 75.6% of the @entity1 . Diagnostic accuracy was greater within the first 24 hours of the @entity548 onset, and in the presence of hematemesis. Peptic ulcer was the main cause of @entity360 (35%). The prevalence of variceal @entity548 (20.45%) indicates a high rate of underlying @entity409 . Endoscopic treatment was performed in 23.86% of the @entity1 . Permanent hemostasis was achieved in 86% of the @entity1 at the first endoscopic intervention, and in 62.5% of the @entity1 after rebleeding. Emergency surgery was seldom necessary. The average number of blood units was 1.44 +/- 1.99 per @entity1 . The average length of hospital stay was 7.71 +/- 12.2 days. Rebleeding was reported in 9.1% of the @entity1 . The overall mortality rate of 15.34% was significantly correlated with previous @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic accuracy was related to the time interval between the @entity548 episode and endoscopy, and to clinical presentation. Endoscopic therapy was an effective tool for selected @entity1 . The resulting increased duration of hospitalization and higher mortality rate in the @entity1 submitted to therapeutic endoscopy were attributed to a higher prevalence of variceal @entity548 and underlying @entity409 .

title: Upper XXXX in a Brazilian hospital: a retrospective study of endoscopic records.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with @entity56 in @entity1 . Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of @entity291 's @entity6132 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict @entity1097 in childhood and up to age 20 years. METHODS: A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The @entity1 were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of @entity56 , with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE. RESULTS: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1576 and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of @entity56 and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of @entity1576 and sensitization.

title: Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not @entity1 milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic manifestations']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'subsequent allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergic symptoms', 'respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity1097 :: (MESH:C566404,Disease) :: ['atopic manifestations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with @entity56 in @entity1 . Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of @entity291 's @entity6132 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict @entity1097 in childhood and up to age 20 years. METHODS: A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The @entity1 were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of @entity56 , with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE. RESULTS: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1576 and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of @entity56 and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of @entity1576 and sensitization.

title: Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not XXXX milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent @entity1097 in @entity1 and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with @entity56 in @entity1 . Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of @entity291 's @entity6132 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict @entity1097 in childhood and up to age 20 years. METHODS: A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The @entity1 were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of @entity56 , with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE. RESULTS: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1576 and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of @entity56 and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of @entity1576 and sensitization.

title: Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not @entity1 milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent @entity1097 in XXXX and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity101 due to @entity1911 is generally considered to be a straightforward, direct consequence of the elevated concentrations of circulating @entity2661 . However, @entity1338 , a centrally acting antihypertensive drug, has been reported to lower blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity1911 , suggesting the possibility that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance of @entity101 in this disease. We have investigated this possibility in New England Deaconess Hospital @entity35 harboring a transplantable @entity1911 that secretes @entity1063 and @entity935 . Both @entity1338 and @entity14523 , a ganglionic blocker, markedly decreased blood pressure in tumor-bearing @entity35 . However, in other @entity35 made acutely @entity101 with a @entity1063 infusion, neither @entity1338 nor @entity14523 decreased blood pressure. This result indicates that in an acute model of @entity101 , where baroreflex mechanisms have likely withdrawn sympathetic tone, neither @entity1338 nor @entity14523 had nonspecific antihypertensive effects. A central nervous system site of action for the antihypertensive effect of @entity1338 in the @entity35 harboring @entity1911 was suggested by the observation that the opiate antagonist @entity1510 both reversed and prevented @entity1338 's effect on blood pressure. @entity3159 and @entity3160 were utilized to determine the respective contributions of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the maintenance of @entity101 in @entity35 harboring @entity1911 . Both drugs markedly lowered blood pressure in these @entity35 . Our data suggest that both the sympathetic nervous system and circulating @entity2661 are involved in the maintenance of @entity101 due to @entity1911 .

title: Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of XXXX in @entity35 harboring @entity1911 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity14523 :: ('MESH:D002714', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorisondamine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity101 due to @entity1911 is generally considered to be a straightforward, direct consequence of the elevated concentrations of circulating @entity2661 . However, @entity1338 , a centrally acting antihypertensive drug, has been reported to lower blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity1911 , suggesting the possibility that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance of @entity101 in this disease. We have investigated this possibility in New England Deaconess Hospital @entity35 harboring a transplantable @entity1911 that secretes @entity1063 and @entity935 . Both @entity1338 and @entity14523 , a ganglionic blocker, markedly decreased blood pressure in tumor-bearing @entity35 . However, in other @entity35 made acutely @entity101 with a @entity1063 infusion, neither @entity1338 nor @entity14523 decreased blood pressure. This result indicates that in an acute model of @entity101 , where baroreflex mechanisms have likely withdrawn sympathetic tone, neither @entity1338 nor @entity14523 had nonspecific antihypertensive effects. A central nervous system site of action for the antihypertensive effect of @entity1338 in the @entity35 harboring @entity1911 was suggested by the observation that the opiate antagonist @entity1510 both reversed and prevented @entity1338 's effect on blood pressure. @entity3159 and @entity3160 were utilized to determine the respective contributions of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the maintenance of @entity101 in @entity35 harboring @entity1911 . Both drugs markedly lowered blood pressure in these @entity35 . Our data suggest that both the sympathetic nervous system and circulating @entity2661 are involved in the maintenance of @entity101 due to @entity1911 .

title: Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of @entity101 in @entity35 harboring XXXX .

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: @entity101 due to @entity1911 is generally considered to be a straightforward, direct consequence of the elevated concentrations of circulating @entity2661 . However, @entity1338 , a centrally acting antihypertensive drug, has been reported to lower blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity1911 , suggesting the possibility that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance of @entity101 in this disease. We have investigated this possibility in New England Deaconess Hospital @entity35 harboring a transplantable @entity1911 that secretes @entity1063 and @entity935 . Both @entity1338 and @entity14523 , a ganglionic blocker, markedly decreased blood pressure in tumor-bearing @entity35 . However, in other @entity35 made acutely @entity101 with a @entity1063 infusion, neither @entity1338 nor @entity14523 decreased blood pressure. This result indicates that in an acute model of @entity101 , where baroreflex mechanisms have likely withdrawn sympathetic tone, neither @entity1338 nor @entity14523 had nonspecific antihypertensive effects. A central nervous system site of action for the antihypertensive effect of @entity1338 in the @entity35 harboring @entity1911 was suggested by the observation that the opiate antagonist @entity1510 both reversed and prevented @entity1338 's effect on blood pressure. @entity3159 and @entity3160 were utilized to determine the respective contributions of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the maintenance of @entity101 in @entity35 harboring @entity1911 . Both drugs markedly lowered blood pressure in these @entity35 . Our data suggest that both the sympathetic nervous system and circulating @entity2661 are involved in the maintenance of @entity101 due to @entity1911 .

title: Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of @entity101 in XXXX harboring @entity1911 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bird spiders, known in the US as tarantulas, are large hairy spiders that have become increasingly popular as pets in the Western world. We present a @entity1 with a red irritated eye from exposure to the hairs of a spider of the Theraphosidae family, and review the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: We report on a 28-year old @entity1 who was referred to our clinic with a red irritated eye following playing with a Chilean rose-haired bird spider (known in the US as tarantula). In addition, we reviewed the literature concerning similar cases using the Medline database and cited literature in the retrieved articles. RESULTS: Our @entity1 displayed theraphosidae (tarantula) hairs in the @entity735 and developed a @entity1596 and a retinochoroiditis with associated vitritis. Treatment with topical corticosteroids resulted in an improvement of signs and symptoms, although the improvement was slow and incomplete. The disease process consists of a granulomatous reaction to the spider hairs. Hairs of Theraphosidae spiders (tarantulas) may cause @entity32 at all levels of the eye, from the conjunctiva to retina. We were able to identify 14 cases of @entity3225 secondary to the exposure to the tarantula hairs in the literature. Therapy includes removal of the offending hairs when possible and topical treatment with @entity230 . CONCLUSION: Although the large hairy bird spiders (tarantulas) are considered harmless pets, @entity3225 is a potential danger when handling them. @entity3225 has an unknown prognosis and may be difficult to manage.

title: [ XXXX caused by the hairs of the bird spider (family Theraphosidae) or hairy megalomorph (known in the US as tarantula)--case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['cornea of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['Ophthalmia nodosa', 'ophthalmia nodosa']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Ophthalmia nodosa']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 30-year-old @entity1 presented with a @entity1167 , which spontaneously converted into a regular sinus rhythm. The @entity1 had no prior history of @entity65 . On admission, the cardiovascular clinical examination of this young female was regular. INVESTIGATIONS: On admission, discrete inferior repolarisation changes were documented which were slightly progressive during the next day. Electrophysiologic examination of the heart was regular, angiography showed a coronary @entity292 and an atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. DIAGNOSIS: Right @entity453 to the right ventricle. Atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. TREATMENT AND COURSE: During hospitalisation no @entity943 or pauses were revealed. The @entity1 underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation. We plan a transcatheter closure of the @entity292 . CONCLUSIONS: Coronary fistulas are a rare cause of @entity943 . Angiography performed at an early stage is therefore crucial in the initial assessment of a young adult presenting with @entity1167 and subsequent changes in the ECG, as a small proportion may have @entity301 . The occlusion of the @entity292 by transcatheter or cardiac surgery is appropriate, especially as the risks of the interventions are limited.

title: [Syncope with XXXX in a 30-year-old @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery fistula']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 30-year-old @entity1 presented with a @entity1167 , which spontaneously converted into a regular sinus rhythm. The @entity1 had no prior history of @entity65 . On admission, the cardiovascular clinical examination of this young female was regular. INVESTIGATIONS: On admission, discrete inferior repolarisation changes were documented which were slightly progressive during the next day. Electrophysiologic examination of the heart was regular, angiography showed a coronary @entity292 and an atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. DIAGNOSIS: Right @entity453 to the right ventricle. Atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. TREATMENT AND COURSE: During hospitalisation no @entity943 or pauses were revealed. The @entity1 underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation. We plan a transcatheter closure of the @entity292 . CONCLUSIONS: Coronary fistulas are a rare cause of @entity943 . Angiography performed at an early stage is therefore crucial in the initial assessment of a young adult presenting with @entity1167 and subsequent changes in the ECG, as a small proportion may have @entity301 . The occlusion of the @entity292 by transcatheter or cardiac surgery is appropriate, especially as the risks of the interventions are limited.

title: [Syncope with @entity1167 in a 30-year-old XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 diagnosis in tissue material with commonly used histological techniques is sometimes inconvenient and in a number of cases leads to ambiguous conclusions. Frequently advanced immunostaining techniques have to be employed, yet they are both time consuming and limited. In this study a proteomic approach is presented which may help provide unambiguous pathologic diagnosis of tissue material. METHODS: Lung tissue material found to be pathologically changed was prepared to isolate proteome with fast and non selective procedure. Isolated peptides and proteins in ranging from 3.5 to 20 kDa were analysed directly using high resolution mass spectrometer (MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 ) with @entity41968 as a matrix. Recorded complex spectra of a single run were then analyzed with multivariate statistical analysis algorithms (principle component analysis, classification methods). In the applied protocol we focused on obtaining the spectra richest in protein signals constituting a pattern of change within the sample containing detailed information about its protein composition. Advanced statistical methods were to indicate differences between examined groups. RESULTS: Obtained results indicate changes in proteome profiles of changed tissues in comparison to physiologically unchanged material (control group) which were reflected in the result of principle component analysis (PCA). Points representing spectra of control group were located in different areas of multidimensional space and were less diffused in comparison to @entity5 tissues. Three different classification algorithms showed recognition capability of 100% regarding classification of examined material into an appropriate group. CONCLUSION: The application of the presented protocol and method enabled finding pathological changes in tissue material regardless of localization and size of abnormalities in the sample volume. Proteomic profile as a complex, rich in signals spectrum of proteins can be expressed as a single point in multidimensional space and than analysed using advanced statistical methods. This approach seems to provide more precise information about a pathology and may be considered in futer evaluation of biomarkers for clinical applications in different pathology. Multiparameter statistical methods may be helpful in elucidation of newly expressed sensitive biomarkers defined as many factors "in one point".

title: Proteomic patterns analysis with multivariate calculations as a promising tool for prompt differentiation of early stage lung tissue with XXXX and unchanged tissue material.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity41968 :: ('MESH:C073734', 'Chemical') :: ['sinapic acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the @entity204 burden of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in west rural areas of China in 2004 - 2005. METHODS: The data from 2004 - 2005 the Third National Mortality Retrospective Sampling Survey were used in the study. A total of 28 621 276 @entity1 years were investigated in west rural areas, which covered 12 provinces, and consisted of 42 surveillance districts. Based on the data of @entity204 cause and population, mortality of @entity1030 , years of potential life lost(YPLL) rate, working YPLL (WYPLL) rate, YPLL rate due to @entity1030 /YPLL rate due to all @entity204 in west rural areas were calculated and compared with other rural areas. Standardized @entity204 rate, standardized YPLL (SYPLL) rate, standardized working YPLL (SWYPLL) rate were calculated from census data in 2000 as standard population and 2004 - 2005 national life expectancy as standard life expectancy. RESULTS: The elder has the higher crude @entity204 rate and YPLL rate of @entity1030 in survey districts of west rural areas. And the crude @entity204 rate of @entity1030 and YPLL rate were different in different genders. The YPLL rate was 15.47    in male and 15.73    in female. The crude @entity204 rate, YPLL rate, WYPLL rate, the ratio of YPLL rate due to @entity1030 /YPLL rate due to all @entity204 in survey districts of west rural areas were: 109.53/100 000, 15.76   , 2.82   , 11.23%, which were high. While crude @entity204 rate, YPLL rate, WYPLL rate, the ratio of YPLL rate due to @entity1030 /YPLL rate due to all @entity204 in the poorest survey districts of west rural areas were: 122.04/100 000, 27.47   , 4.26   , 13.44%, which were higher than other stratifications of west rural areas. CONCLUSION: The @entity204 burden of @entity1030 in west rural areas in 2004 - 2005 was the heaviest one in China which experienced the feature that the poorer the rural regions, the heavier the @entity204 burden.

title: [Disease burden of XXXX in west rural areas of China, 2004 - 2005].

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the resection @entity1516 for @entity530 around acetabular. METHODS: From May 1997 to June 2005, 25 @entity1 with @entity5 around acetabular were treated surgically with resection @entity1516 . The series comprised 15 males and 10 females with an average age of 42 years old (range from 16 to 75 years old). There were 4 @entity421 , 12 @entity511 , 1 @entity2828 , 1 @entity4969 , 1 @entity1582 , 1 malignant fibrohistiocytoma, 2 @entity1352 , and 3 metastases. @entity1516 was performed after resection of @entity530 around acetabular. The affected side was protected postoperatively by skin traction with 2 - 3 kg weight for 6 to 8 weeks. After then, the @entity1 walked gradually with a cane. RESULTS: Among 25 @entity1 , 6 had complications (24%). At a follow-up ranging from 3 to 10 years, 11 @entity1 died of lung metastases, 2 relapsed, 12 remained @entity66 . There was an average crispation of 5 cm (range from 2.5 to 7.5 cm). The @entity1 were functionally evaluated according to Enneking's MSTS criteria in 1993. The average MSTS functional score was 17 points (12 to 19 points). After 3 months postoperative, the @entity1 could sit normally, walk with a cane, and even walk limpingly without cane. CONCLUSIONS: Resection @entity1516 for @entity530 around acetabular results in good clinical results at the time of mid-term and long-term follow-up. And @entity1516 is advisable especially for @entity1 with @entity5 around acetabular, poor soft tissue reconstruction condition, high risk for @entity281 , poor economy.

title: [Resection XXXX for @entity530 around acetabular].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive free of disease']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant highly tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis', 'Pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudoarthrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the resection @entity1516 for @entity530 around acetabular. METHODS: From May 1997 to June 2005, 25 @entity1 with @entity5 around acetabular were treated surgically with resection @entity1516 . The series comprised 15 males and 10 females with an average age of 42 years old (range from 16 to 75 years old). There were 4 @entity421 , 12 @entity511 , 1 @entity2828 , 1 @entity4969 , 1 @entity1582 , 1 malignant fibrohistiocytoma, 2 @entity1352 , and 3 metastases. @entity1516 was performed after resection of @entity530 around acetabular. The affected side was protected postoperatively by skin traction with 2 - 3 kg weight for 6 to 8 weeks. After then, the @entity1 walked gradually with a cane. RESULTS: Among 25 @entity1 , 6 had complications (24%). At a follow-up ranging from 3 to 10 years, 11 @entity1 died of lung metastases, 2 relapsed, 12 remained @entity66 . There was an average crispation of 5 cm (range from 2.5 to 7.5 cm). The @entity1 were functionally evaluated according to Enneking's MSTS criteria in 1993. The average MSTS functional score was 17 points (12 to 19 points). After 3 months postoperative, the @entity1 could sit normally, walk with a cane, and even walk limpingly without cane. CONCLUSIONS: Resection @entity1516 for @entity530 around acetabular results in good clinical results at the time of mid-term and long-term follow-up. And @entity1516 is advisable especially for @entity1 with @entity5 around acetabular, poor soft tissue reconstruction condition, high risk for @entity281 , poor economy.

title: [Resection @entity1516 for XXXX around acetabular].

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic malignant tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of the pathological anatomy and blood supply model of massive @entity1653 (MTSM) and explore its corresponding microneurosurgical strategies. METHODS: The clinical data of 16 MTSM @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. From January 1998 to January 2010, according to their unique pathological anatomy and blood supply model, all @entity1 underwent microneurosurgical removal with induced @entity551 through @entity5 corridor by the bi-subfrontal anterior longitudinal fission (n = 14), right frontolateral approach (n = 1) and pterional approach (n = 1). There were 5 males and 11 females with a mean age of 48.5 years old (range: 26 - 65). But the mean follow-up period was 74.9 months (range: 4 - 132) in 2/4 cases. RESULTS: Among all cases, the mean @entity5 diameter was 58.9 mm (range: 51.1 - 76.2 mm). Simpson grade I, II, III, IV removal of MTSMs were accomplished in 3, 9, 3 and 1 case respectively. One case died within 4 postoperative days. Visual acuity improved in 10 @entity1 , remained unchanged in 2 and deteriorated in 2. Transient @entity2010 occurred in 9 cases. CONCLUSION: It is critical to understand the unique characteristics of pathological anatomy and blood supply model of MTSM so as to adopt proper microneurosurgical strategies to remove it in situ.

title: [Microneurosurgical treatment of massive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['tuberculum sellae meningiomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The proinflammatory cytokine @entity1192 is a key regulator of host responses to microbial infection and a major modulator of extracellular matrix catabolism and bone resorption. Allele2 of @entity1356 is associated with a four-fold increase in @entity1356 production. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the gene polymorphism of @entity1356 in the pathogenesis of endodontic failure. We hypothesized that the gene polymorphism (allele2 of @entity1356 ) would influence host response and enhance inflammatory reactions predisposing to @entity1546 ( @entity1546 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects with at least 1 year of follow-up after root canal therapy (RCT) were recalled. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 34 subjects with signs/symptoms of @entity1546 with otherwise acceptable RCT were included. Sixty-one controls showed healing with acceptable RCT. Genomic DNA from buccal mucosa was amplified by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism to distinguish the alleles of @entity1356 gene polymorphism. RESULTS: A significant difference in the distribution of the polymorphic genotype among cases (70.6%) and controls (24.6%) (P < .001, Pearson   (2)) was shown. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that specific genetic markers associated with increased @entity1356 production may contribute to increased susceptibility to @entity1546 .

title: Genetic predisposition to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['PAP', 'persistent apical periodontitis']

answer: @entity1546 :: (MESH:D010485,Disease) :: ['persistent apical periodontitis']


abstract: @entity2227 is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in mammals. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves several steps, beginning with release of @entity2227 from the presynaptic neuron. @entity2227 in the extracellular space activates @entity2227 receptors present in the synaptic membranes, leading to activation of signal transduction pathways associated with these receptors. To avoid continuous activation of @entity2227 receptors, @entity2227 is removed from the synaptic cleft by specific @entity2227 transporters located mainly on astrocytes. All these steps are tightly modulated under physiological conditions, and alterations of any of the above steps may result in impairment of glutamatergic neurotransmission, leading to neurological alterations. There are studies in the literature reporting alterations in all these steps in @entity3263 and/or @entity1578 . Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulates important cerebral processes. Some of these processes are altered in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity99 , who show altered sleep-wake patterns, neuromuscular coordination, and decreased intellectual capacity. The alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission may be responsible for some of these neurological alterations found in @entity99 . The effects of @entity3263 and @entity1578 on different steps of glutamatergic neurotransmission including alterations of @entity2227 concentration in the extracellular fluid in brain, transport and transporters of @entity2227 , the content and function of different types of @entity2227 receptors and signal transduction pathways. Alterations induced by @entity3263 and @entity1578 on the @entity2227 - @entity842 -cGMP pathway in brain may result in changes in long-term potetiation and learning ability.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity1578 on glutamatergic neurotransmission.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity3263 :: (MESH:D022124,Disease) :: ['hyperammonemia']


abstract: @entity2227 is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in mammals. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves several steps, beginning with release of @entity2227 from the presynaptic neuron. @entity2227 in the extracellular space activates @entity2227 receptors present in the synaptic membranes, leading to activation of signal transduction pathways associated with these receptors. To avoid continuous activation of @entity2227 receptors, @entity2227 is removed from the synaptic cleft by specific @entity2227 transporters located mainly on astrocytes. All these steps are tightly modulated under physiological conditions, and alterations of any of the above steps may result in impairment of glutamatergic neurotransmission, leading to neurological alterations. There are studies in the literature reporting alterations in all these steps in @entity3263 and/or @entity1578 . Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulates important cerebral processes. Some of these processes are altered in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity99 , who show altered sleep-wake patterns, neuromuscular coordination, and decreased intellectual capacity. The alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission may be responsible for some of these neurological alterations found in @entity99 . The effects of @entity3263 and @entity1578 on different steps of glutamatergic neurotransmission including alterations of @entity2227 concentration in the extracellular fluid in brain, transport and transporters of @entity2227 , the content and function of different types of @entity2227 receptors and signal transduction pathways. Alterations induced by @entity3263 and @entity1578 on the @entity2227 - @entity842 -cGMP pathway in brain may result in changes in long-term potetiation and learning ability.

title: Effects of @entity3263 and XXXX on glutamatergic neurotransmission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['liver failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the causes, diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 326 OLT @entity1 from January 2002 to January 2009. The post-OLT etiological factors and treatment of ITBL cases were analyzed. RESULTS: ITBL occurred in 23 @entity1 (7.05%). It included @entity253 (n=9), @entity75 (n=12) and diffuse extrahepatic and @entity253 (n=2). Through a COX regression, the risk factors were independently associated with ITBL serious @entity99 as the @entity66 (RR: 3.204; P=0.014) and cold donor ischemic time beyond 11.5 hours (RR: 4.895; P=0.000). All ITBL @entity1 underwent drug therapy, endoscopy (n=10), operation (n=6) or re-OLT (n=7). And improvement was found in 17 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Avoiding too long old ischemic time of donor liver and carefully evaluating the indications of recipients are effective preventive measures of ITBL. It is crucial to select a proper treatment according to the conditions of each individual @entity1 .

title: [Causes and management of XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ITBLs', 'ischemic-type biliary lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic biliary lesions']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic-type biliary lesion']


abstract: We have examined responses of @entity19 lacking mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor ( @entity16119 , @entity15320 and @entity32981 , respectively) genes, as well as combinatorial mutants, in @entity158 models. This is the first truly comparative study of all three opioid receptor-deficient @entity19 , with genotypes and gender analysis using @entity19 on the hybrid 50% 129/SV : 50% C57BL/6 genetic background. In the tail-immersion test, only @entity32981 -/- females showed decreased withdrawal latencies. This modification was also found in @entity16119 / @entity32981 and @entity16119 / @entity15320 / @entity32981 , but not @entity16119 / @entity15320 mutants. The hotplate test revealed @entity10237 for @entity16119 -/-, a phenotype which was also observed in double mutants involving the @entity16119 deletion, and in the triple mutants. The tail-pressure test showed increased response for both @entity16119 -/- and @entity15320 -/- mutants, a modification which was enhanced in the triple-mutant @entity19 . In the @entity406 test, @entity16119 -/- and @entity15320 -/- @entity19 showed increased responses in the early and late phases, respectively, while the triple mutant tended to show enhanced nociception in both phases. Finally, the enhanced response of @entity32981 -/- @entity19 in the writhing test, which we have demonstrated previously, was confirmed in double @entity16119 / @entity32981 - and triple-mutant @entity19 . Together, the data support the existence of an antinociceptive opioid tone. Each receptor presents a distinct pattern of activities, with mu receptors influencing responses to mechanical, chemical and thermal nociception at a supraspinal level, kappa receptors involved in spinally mediated thermal nociception and chemical @entity3825 , and delta receptors modulating mechanical nociception and @entity158 . Phenotypes of mutant @entity19 were subtle, suggesting a low endogenous opioid tone in the regulation of physiological @entity158 .

title: Acute antinociceptive responses in single and combinatorial opioid receptor knockout XXXX : distinct mu, delta and kappa tones.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity10237 :: ('MESH:D059226', 'Disease') :: ['increased nociceptive sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'several pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term and medium-term result of stent implantation with pharmaceutical thrombolysis in @entity1 with @entity432 . METHODS: From January, 2004 to December, 2008, thirty-five @entity1 diagnosed acute superior @entity5327 , 12 @entity1 treated with stent implantation (interventional therapy group) and 23 @entity1 with pharmaceutical thrombolysis (thrombolytic therapy group). Interventional therapy group treated with @entity384 and stent implantation assisted with anticoagulation, antiplatelet and @entity384 agents. Thrombolytic therapy group used urokinase combined with anticoagulation, antiplatelet and @entity384 agents. All @entity1 had taken @entity1397 and @entity117 orally after discharged and followed up. The clinical effects of both groups were evaluated separately and the Fisher exact test was used to analysis the significant differences. RESULTS: In the 23 cases of thrombolytic therapy group, 7 cases was effective, 16 cases was ineffective (7 cases aggravated or died, 9 cases turn to surgical operation). In the 12 cases of interventional therapy group, 10 cases treated with stent implantation (1 case died of acute @entity1188 3 days after interventional operation), 2 cases failed in recanalizing. All @entity1 were followed up after discharged (range 1 - 48 months, mean 15    12 months), 1 case in thrombolytic therapy group was stable, 6 cases died of the recurrence of @entity432 ; 7 cases in interventional therapy group was stable, 1 case died of acute @entity1188 20 months after interventional operation ( @entity63 not appeared), 1 case had @entity63 reoccurred and recovered by superior mesenteric artery thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of acute superior @entity5327 , stent implantation was obviously superior to pharmaceutical thrombolysis in improving @entity63 and survival, therefore it could provided a reliable choice for the @entity1 who had not appeared @entity39 .

title: [Acute superior XXXX : a contrast study on short-and mid-term result between stent implantation and pharmaceutical thrombolysis].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation', 'vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: @entity904 (also called @entity904 ), absorbed in the intestine and stored mainly in the liver and fat, is normally maintained at significant concentrations in the @entity1 blood plasma. @entity904 is constitutively metabolized at high levels in certain tissues such as the small intestine and eyes. @entity1968 (RA) produced at high levels in the intestine plays important roles in @entity1200 and immune tolerance. RA at basal levels is required for immune cell survival and activation. During immune responses, enzymes metabolizing @entity904 are induced in certain types of immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and tissue cells for induced production of RA. As a result, induced gradients of RA are formed during immune responses in the body. RA regulates gene expression, differentiation, and function of diverse immune cells. The cells under the influence of RA in terms of differentiation include myeloid cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and DCs. Also included are lymphoid cells such as effector T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells. Our current understanding of the function of RA in regulation of these immune cells is reviewed in this chapter.

title: XXXX , immunity, and inflammation.

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal immunity']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol', 'Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['Retinoic acid']


abstract: In the developed world, @entity5 are more frequent in males than females. Recent observations from Greece suggest that the number of females is increasing. AIM: The present study investigates gender and age statistics among subjects with @entity5 or @entity12120 . METHODS: Five hundred and twelve subjects of Greek origin participated in this analysis. Chi-square and logistic regression statistics were used to compare if there are differences in @entity1 ' gender and age, stratified by histological type. RESULTS: @entity5 and @entity12120 exhibited equal distributions among @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity1 were diagnosed at a much younger age than @entity1 . Our data also indicates a progression in the process of epithelial @entity5 development, as benign @entity12120 was diagnosed 2-4 years earlier than @entity5115 and 8 years earlier than @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The same age difference was observed in @entity1893 , although the male to female ratio was 3:1. In regards to anatomy, 47% of @entity957 appeared in the tongue. The most prevalent site for the development of @entity1893 was the gingival (50%), followed by the palate (40%). CONCLUSION: Although @entity5 occurs earlier in @entity1 than @entity1 , the risk of females tends to be similar to that of males.

title: @entity12120 and XXXX : female cases increase in Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial cancers', 'cancers of the mouth', 'cancer', 'intraoral malignancies', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SSC']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intraoral malignancies']


abstract: In the developed world, @entity5 are more frequent in males than females. Recent observations from Greece suggest that the number of females is increasing. AIM: The present study investigates gender and age statistics among subjects with @entity5 or @entity12120 . METHODS: Five hundred and twelve subjects of Greek origin participated in this analysis. Chi-square and logistic regression statistics were used to compare if there are differences in @entity1 ' gender and age, stratified by histological type. RESULTS: @entity5 and @entity12120 exhibited equal distributions among @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity1 were diagnosed at a much younger age than @entity1 . Our data also indicates a progression in the process of epithelial @entity5 development, as benign @entity12120 was diagnosed 2-4 years earlier than @entity5115 and 8 years earlier than @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The same age difference was observed in @entity1893 , although the male to female ratio was 3:1. In regards to anatomy, 47% of @entity957 appeared in the tongue. The most prevalent site for the development of @entity1893 was the gingival (50%), followed by the palate (40%). CONCLUSION: Although @entity5 occurs earlier in @entity1 than @entity1 , the risk of females tends to be similar to that of males.

title: XXXX and @entity5 : female cases increase in Greece.

answer: @entity12120 :: (MESH:D007971,Disease) :: ['Leukoplakia']


abstract: We have studied the role of immunologically mediated @entity137 in the orbital tissue damage of @entity6875 . @entity137 ( @entity137 ) against eye muscle (EM) cells and @entity2694 ( @entity2694 ) was demonstrated in a small proportion of @entity1 , all of whom had severe, recent disease. Antibody-mediated (complement-dependent) @entity137 against @entity2694 was found in only a few @entity1 . No @entity1 showed lysis above background with EM targets. @entity137 activity against @entity2694 was absorbed by preincubation of serum with thyroid cells, eye muscle cells, and @entity2694 , as well as thyroid, eye muscle and orbital connective tissue membranes. Both EM and @entity2694 were able to express class II MHC HLA-DR antigens when stimulated by gamma interferon, phytohemagglutinin or activated T lymphocytes. DR-positive target cells were much more susceptible to lysis, in both @entity137 and lymphocyte-mediated @entity137 , than DR negative cells. When DR-positive @entity2694 and EM were used as targets in @entity137 assays, the degree of lysis determined as 51Cr release given by serum from @entity1 with @entity6875 was enhanced, but only in those @entity1 showing positive tests with DR-negative targets. Intrathyroidal T lymphocytes obtained from a @entity1 with @entity6875 were more cytotoxic against DR-positive @entity2694 and EM than equal numbers of her peripheral blood T lymphocytes. @entity137 and lymphocyte-mediated @entity137 against @entity2694 and eye muscle cells are thus associated with target cell HLA-DR antigen expression and are likely to be mechanisms for in vivo tissue damage in @entity6875 . The identity of the mononuclear cell subpopulation effecting cell-mediated @entity137 against orbital target cells, and the possible significance of reaction of cytotoxic antibodies against orbital, thyroid-shared antigens are unclear.

title: Mechanisms of immune damage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital fibroblasts', 'OF']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Routine imaging for staging @entity263 is not recommended according to current guidelines. We characterized patterns of care and factors associated with imaging overuse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used SEER-Medicare linked data to identify @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 from 2004 to 2005, and determined if imaging (computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scan, abdominal ultrasound) was obtained following @entity263 diagnosis before treatment. RESULTS: Of the 6,444 @entity1 identified with low risk disease 2,330 (36.2%) underwent imaging studies. Of these @entity1 1,512 (23.5%), 1,710 (26.5%) and 118 (1.8%) underwent cross-sectional imaging (computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), bone scan and abdominal ultrasound, respectively. Radiation therapy vs surgery was associated with greater odds of imaging ( @entity15591 , 95% CI 1.68-2.35, p <0.01), while active surveillance vs surgery was associated with lower odds of imaging (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34-0.56, p <0.01). Associated with increased odds of imaging was median household income greater than  60,000 (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11-1.79, p <0.01), and @entity1 from New Jersey vs San Francisco ( @entity72626 , 95% CI 2.24-4.33, p <0.01) experienced greater odds of imaging. @entity1 living in areas with greater than 90% vs less than 75% high school education experienced lower odds of imaging (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.6-0.95, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: There is widespread overuse and significant geographic variation in the use of imaging to stage @entity263 . Moreover treatment associated variation in imaging was noted with the greatest vs lowest imaging use observed for radiation therapy vs active surveillance.

title: Overuse of imaging for staging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'low risk prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['low risk prostate cancer']


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity1 , with a history of @entity189 , which was treated by radiotherapy nine years previously, presented with occasional @entity892 and @entity10 . A nasopharyngeal biopsy showed no recurrence. The imaging revealed a sphenoidal sinus mucocele. Endoscopic marsupialization of the mucocele allowed clinical improvement. A 56-year-old @entity1 presented, five years after radiotherapy for @entity189 , with a fronto-orbital mass. CT-scan revealed a fronto-ethmoidal mucocele. Nasopharyngeal biopsy showed @entity5 recurrence. Marsupialization of mucocele was performed. Recurrence of the @entity189 was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sphenoidal sinus mucocele developing after radiotherapy for @entity189 has rarely been reported. CT scan and MRI are useful tools in making the diagnosis. Biopsy is required to diagnose recurrence or associated radio-induced @entity5 . Endoscopic approach gives good results.

title: [Post-radiation mucocele in two @entity1 treated for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['recent headaches']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity1 , with a history of @entity189 , which was treated by radiotherapy nine years previously, presented with occasional @entity892 and @entity10 . A nasopharyngeal biopsy showed no recurrence. The imaging revealed a sphenoidal sinus mucocele. Endoscopic marsupialization of the mucocele allowed clinical improvement. A 56-year-old @entity1 presented, five years after radiotherapy for @entity189 , with a fronto-orbital mass. CT-scan revealed a fronto-ethmoidal mucocele. Nasopharyngeal biopsy showed @entity5 recurrence. Marsupialization of mucocele was performed. Recurrence of the @entity189 was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sphenoidal sinus mucocele developing after radiotherapy for @entity189 has rarely been reported. CT scan and MRI are useful tools in making the diagnosis. Biopsy is required to diagnose recurrence or associated radio-induced @entity5 . Endoscopic approach gives good results.

title: [Post-radiation mucocele in two XXXX treated for @entity5 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It has been estimated that during 1955-1959 in southeastern @entity233 , approximately 4000 @entity1 developed @entity6050 due to ingestion of @entity15213 ( @entity15213 ), a fungicide added to @entity3505 seedlings. @entity1 subsequently developed bullae on sun-exposed areas, @entity2117 , @entity3427 , @entity425 and porphyrinuria. @entity1 born to mothers who had ingested the grain were exposed to @entity15213 in maternal milk and transplacentally, resulting in the death of @entity1 under the age of two. In this follow-up study, 204 @entity1 with a past history of @entity15213 -induced @entity6050 were re-evaluated. There were 132 males and 72 females, with an average age of 32.1 years, an average age of onset of 7.1 years and a duration of 2.4 years. The clinical features of the 204 @entity1 were: scarring of the face and hands in 86.7%, @entity2117 in 71.1%, @entity3427 in 47.1%, pinched facies in 41.2%, fragile skin in 37.7%, painless @entity625 in 66.6%, small hands in 64.2%, an enlarged liver in 4.4% and an enlarged thyroid in 37.3%; most @entity1 also showed @entity16 . Urine and stool @entity7170 levels were determined in all @entity1 . Seventeen showed elevated levels of one of the @entity7889 and eight were considered still porphyric after 25-30 years. A total of 56 specimens of @entity1 milk obtained from porphyric mothers were analysed for @entity15213 . The average value was 0.51 ppm compared with 0.07 in controls. After @entity15213 ingestion, abnormal @entity7170 metabolism, dermatological, orthopaedic and neurological findings, and @entity15213 residues in the milk of porphyric @entity1 have been shown to persist at least for 25-30 years.

title: @entity6050 : XXXX -induced @entity6050 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity15213 :: ('MESH:D006581', 'Chemical') :: ['HCB', 'hexachlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity6050 :: ('MESH:D011164', 'Disease') :: ['porphyria']

answer: @entity15213 :: (MESH:D006581,Chemical) :: ['hexachlorobenzene']


abstract: It has been estimated that during 1955-1959 in southeastern @entity233 , approximately 4000 @entity1 developed @entity6050 due to ingestion of @entity15213 ( @entity15213 ), a fungicide added to @entity3505 seedlings. @entity1 subsequently developed bullae on sun-exposed areas, @entity2117 , @entity3427 , @entity425 and porphyrinuria. @entity1 born to mothers who had ingested the grain were exposed to @entity15213 in maternal milk and transplacentally, resulting in the death of @entity1 under the age of two. In this follow-up study, 204 @entity1 with a past history of @entity15213 -induced @entity6050 were re-evaluated. There were 132 males and 72 females, with an average age of 32.1 years, an average age of onset of 7.1 years and a duration of 2.4 years. The clinical features of the 204 @entity1 were: scarring of the face and hands in 86.7%, @entity2117 in 71.1%, @entity3427 in 47.1%, pinched facies in 41.2%, fragile skin in 37.7%, painless @entity625 in 66.6%, small hands in 64.2%, an enlarged liver in 4.4% and an enlarged thyroid in 37.3%; most @entity1 also showed @entity16 . Urine and stool @entity7170 levels were determined in all @entity1 . Seventeen showed elevated levels of one of the @entity7889 and eight were considered still porphyric after 25-30 years. A total of 56 specimens of @entity1 milk obtained from porphyric mothers were analysed for @entity15213 . The average value was 0.51 ppm compared with 0.07 in controls. After @entity15213 ingestion, abnormal @entity7170 metabolism, dermatological, orthopaedic and neurological findings, and @entity15213 residues in the milk of porphyric @entity1 have been shown to persist at least for 25-30 years.

title: XXXX : @entity15213 -induced @entity6050 .

answer: @entity6050 :: (MESH:D011164,Disease) :: ['Porphyria turcica']


abstract: It has been estimated that during 1955-1959 in southeastern @entity233 , approximately 4000 @entity1 developed @entity6050 due to ingestion of @entity15213 ( @entity15213 ), a fungicide added to @entity3505 seedlings. @entity1 subsequently developed bullae on sun-exposed areas, @entity2117 , @entity3427 , @entity425 and porphyrinuria. @entity1 born to mothers who had ingested the grain were exposed to @entity15213 in maternal milk and transplacentally, resulting in the death of @entity1 under the age of two. In this follow-up study, 204 @entity1 with a past history of @entity15213 -induced @entity6050 were re-evaluated. There were 132 males and 72 females, with an average age of 32.1 years, an average age of onset of 7.1 years and a duration of 2.4 years. The clinical features of the 204 @entity1 were: scarring of the face and hands in 86.7%, @entity2117 in 71.1%, @entity3427 in 47.1%, pinched facies in 41.2%, fragile skin in 37.7%, painless @entity625 in 66.6%, small hands in 64.2%, an enlarged liver in 4.4% and an enlarged thyroid in 37.3%; most @entity1 also showed @entity16 . Urine and stool @entity7170 levels were determined in all @entity1 . Seventeen showed elevated levels of one of the @entity7889 and eight were considered still porphyric after 25-30 years. A total of 56 specimens of @entity1 milk obtained from porphyric mothers were analysed for @entity15213 . The average value was 0.51 ppm compared with 0.07 in controls. After @entity15213 ingestion, abnormal @entity7170 metabolism, dermatological, orthopaedic and neurological findings, and @entity15213 residues in the milk of porphyric @entity1 have been shown to persist at least for 25-30 years.

title: @entity6050 : @entity15213 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity6050 :: (MESH:D011164,Disease) :: ['porphyria']


abstract: Psychotropic drug surveys serve to provide retrospective control of actual treatment conditions in @entity146 hospitals. Data of overall drug consumptions and those indicating the time pattern of medication were recorded at 7 census days for 1,415 inpatients of the @entity146 hospital of the Free University of Berlin. Drug-treated @entity1 with 3.15 different psychotropic drugs on average during their stay. Neuroleptics were the most chosen compound group with regard to all @entity1 treated (62.2%), the number of prescriptions (48.3%) and the sum of psychotropic days (57.9%). Sedatives (i.e. @entity1245 and @entity22292 ) were given to more patients than antidepressants (41.0% vs. 29.3%), but accounted for only 5.7% of all psychotropic drug days (21.4% in case of antidepressants). The analysis of time pattern revealed that the prescription of neuroleptics was favoured on all census days, while prescribing for antiparkinsonian and @entity1091 drugs increased also over time, but not for sedatives. Mean daily doses of most neuroleptics peaked near the 10th day after the @entity1 ' admission, while those of antidepressants increased steadily until the @entity1 were discharged. Monotherapy was found in 59.0%, drug combinations in 41.0% of prescriptions (on all census days). The proportion of drug combinations in relation to monotherapy increased the longer the @entity1 were in hospital. Among all drug combinations, two drugs had been combined in 79.2%, three or more in 20.8%. Two or more neuroleptics given simultaneously were involved in 44.9% of all combinations--an unexpected finding calling for more systematic investigation.

title: Longitudinal assessment of psychotropic drug use in acutely-ill XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralhydrate']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the clinical diagnosis of @entity303 in @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ), it may be difficult to distinguish between @entity73 and the various degrees of pre-existing @entity717 ( @entity717 ). Serial measurements of both cognitive function and behaviour are required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of non-demented adults with @entity1467 on a subject-directed instrument, the Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test (PCFT), preliminary to its serial use in a prospective study. METHODS: From 1985 to 1986, 85 non-demented hospitalized adults with @entity1467 were interviewed using the PCFT. The @entity146 ( @entity146 ) was administered to the carers. The subjects' levels of @entity717 (graded from mild through moderate, severe and profound to untestable) were based on their scores on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, as reported in the medical records, and the relationship between level of disability and performance on the PCFT and @entity146 , and their respective domains, was examined. RESULTS: Both scales produced a wide range of scores and the correlation between them was highly significant. Both scales correlated highly significantly with the degree of @entity717 , but more subjects with high levels (i.e. profound to untestable) of disability obtained very low or zero scores on the PCFT and its domains than on the @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: The PCFT provides a reliable quantitative measure of cognitive function in subjects with @entity1467 , and could be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of @entity303 in prospective studies. However, the almost uniformly low scores obtained by those with high levels of @entity717 suggests that its power to detect @entity73 will be limited to those who are less disabled, while the @entity146 may be more useful than the PCFT in detecting deterioration in @entity1 with profound @entity717 .

title: Preliminary evaluation of a scale to assess cognitive function in adults with XXXX : the Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Adaptive Behavior Scale', 'ABS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the success rate of and the quality of life after global endometrial ablation in an @entity28 population. METHODS: A follow-up survey was mailed to 72 @entity1 who had undergone global endometrial ablation. The survey included a @entity931 -specific NovaSure endometrial ablation questionnaire. The mean follow-up time was 2.5years. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 (61%) responded, with a mean body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of 30.5. Overall, @entity1 reported a decrease in missed social activities, in inability to perform activities of daily living, in missed work days, in @entity548 tendencies, and in @entity158 . The @entity2588 rate was 37%, and the success rate (those not requiring any further therapeutic treatment) was 86%. @entity1 satisfaction was 93%. CONCLUSION: Global endometrial ablation improved quality of life for @entity28 @entity1 with @entity931 and had a high rate of satisfaction, even for @entity1 not achieving @entity2588 . @entity1 with a BMI of more than 34 showed a trend toward failure and a higher rate of hysterectomy.

title: Success rate, quality of life, and descriptive analysis after generalized endometrial ablation in an XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Microvascular endothelial cells play a key role in transplant immunology. They are also important targets for calcineurin inhibitors. We recently demonstrated elevated numbers of circulating endothelial cells in renal transplant recipients with and without rejection in comparison with healthy controls. Because these @entity1 received either @entity205 or @entity1140 , we speculated that endothelial damage from calcineurin inhibitors might be responsible for these findings. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with @entity14855 inhibitors leads to an increase in circulating endothelial cells. We studied 57 renal transplant recipients: 19 on a @entity9909 -free immunosuppressive regimen and 38 @entity1 on a standard immunosuppressive regimen, including @entity205 , and matched them for age and serum @entity1011 . Endothelial cells were isolated from peripheral blood with anti-CD-146-coated immunomagnetic Dynabeads and were counted by fluorescence microscopy. @entity1 with @entity205 therapy had elevated numbers of circulating endothelial cells (median 26, range 12 to 82 cells/mL) compared with healthy controls (median 6, range 0 to 82 cells/mL; P<0.001). @entity1 without @entity9909 treatment had significantly lower cell numbers (median 12, range 0 to 32 cells/mL; P<0.003) and were not significantly different from normal, untreated controls. In conclusion, renal transplant recipients who do not receive calcineurin inhibitors have significantly lower numbers of circulating endothelial cells than their age- and @entity1011 -matched counterparts who receive these drugs. We suggest that elevated numbers of circulating endothelial cells indicate damage from calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant recipients and that circulating endothelial cells are a novel marker of endothelial damage.

title: Circulating endothelial cells are a novel marker of XXXX -induced endothelial damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pregnancy increases stress on the circulation of parturient with @entity4794 secondary to @entity6331 and increases the risk of peripartum @entity712 , especially during delivery. This study investigated the epidural anesthesia management for cesarean section in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6331 and @entity4794 . METHODS: 48 parturients with @entity6331 and @entity4794 that had cesarean section deliveries with epidural anesthesia in the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China) from Jan 2002 to Dec 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), fluid intake volume and fluid output volume ( @entity190  +  urine volume) were analyzed. RESULTS: Medication included digitalis drugs for @entity712 or potential @entity712 , @entity6838 and @entity1483 for chronic @entity712 and beta blockers for @entity943 . Frequent @entity1540 were treated with @entity3303 and @entity2779 . @entity619 was administered when @entity712 occurred during less than 37  weeks gestation. HR, SAP, DAP, MAP and CVP were significantly increased at the time of delivery. The fluid intake volume was more elevated in the NYHA III-IV group of parturients than the NYHA I-II group, while fluid output volume was less. All parturients survived. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural anesthesia was applied successfully for cesarean sections for parturients with @entity6331 and @entity4794 .

title: Epidural anesthesia for cesarean section for pregnant @entity1 with @entity6331 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pregnancy increases stress on the circulation of parturient with @entity4794 secondary to @entity6331 and increases the risk of peripartum @entity712 , especially during delivery. This study investigated the epidural anesthesia management for cesarean section in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6331 and @entity4794 . METHODS: 48 parturients with @entity6331 and @entity4794 that had cesarean section deliveries with epidural anesthesia in the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China) from Jan 2002 to Dec 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), fluid intake volume and fluid output volume ( @entity190  +  urine volume) were analyzed. RESULTS: Medication included digitalis drugs for @entity712 or potential @entity712 , @entity6838 and @entity1483 for chronic @entity712 and beta blockers for @entity943 . Frequent @entity1540 were treated with @entity3303 and @entity2779 . @entity619 was administered when @entity712 occurred during less than 37  weeks gestation. HR, SAP, DAP, MAP and CVP were significantly increased at the time of delivery. The fluid intake volume was more elevated in the NYHA III-IV group of parturients than the NYHA I-II group, while fluid output volume was less. All parturients survived. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural anesthesia was applied successfully for cesarean sections for parturients with @entity6331 and @entity4794 .

title: Epidural anesthesia for cesarean section for pregnant @entity1 with XXXX and @entity4794 .

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pregnancy increases stress on the circulation of parturient with @entity4794 secondary to @entity6331 and increases the risk of peripartum @entity712 , especially during delivery. This study investigated the epidural anesthesia management for cesarean section in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6331 and @entity4794 . METHODS: 48 parturients with @entity6331 and @entity4794 that had cesarean section deliveries with epidural anesthesia in the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China) from Jan 2002 to Dec 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), fluid intake volume and fluid output volume ( @entity190  +  urine volume) were analyzed. RESULTS: Medication included digitalis drugs for @entity712 or potential @entity712 , @entity6838 and @entity1483 for chronic @entity712 and beta blockers for @entity943 . Frequent @entity1540 were treated with @entity3303 and @entity2779 . @entity619 was administered when @entity712 occurred during less than 37  weeks gestation. HR, SAP, DAP, MAP and CVP were significantly increased at the time of delivery. The fluid intake volume was more elevated in the NYHA III-IV group of parturients than the NYHA I-II group, while fluid output volume was less. All parturients survived. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural anesthesia was applied successfully for cesarean sections for parturients with @entity6331 and @entity4794 .

title: Epidural anesthesia for cesarean section for pregnant XXXX with @entity6331 and @entity4794 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The natural history of unruptured @entity438 remains unclear, and management strategy is not well defined. METHODS: From January 2003 to December 2012, we enrolled @entity1 with @entity439 in our institution. In total, 2252 @entity1 with 2897 @entity439 were eligible for analysis, and 1960 eligible @entity439 were conservatively managed. Precise 3-dimensional evaluation was conducted using computed tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography. We then assessed the risk of @entity1756 , mortality, and morbidity associated with @entity439 characteristics, demographics, and known health/lifestyle risk factors. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 7388 @entity439 -years. During observation, 56 @entity1756 , resulting in an overall @entity397 rate per year of 0.76% (95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.98). The mean initial visit to @entity397 interval was 547 days. @entity439 size, location, daughter sac, and history of @entity510 were significant independent predictors for @entity1756 . @entity439 that were >= 5 mm were associated with a significantly increased risk of @entity397 when compared with 2-to 4-mm @entity439 (unadjusted hazard ratio, 12.24; 95% confidence interval, 7.15-20.93). Of 56 @entity1 who experienced @entity548 , 29 (52 %) died or were rendered severely disabled. Of the @entity1 who had large or @entity439 , none recovered without deficits, and the mortality rate after @entity397 was 69%. For @entity439 sized <5 mm, the mortality rate was 18%. CONCLUSIONS: Larger @entity439 are at greater risk for @entity397 and poor outcome. Ethnic factors may play a role in the risk of @entity397 .

title: Risk Analysis of XXXX : Prospective 10-Year Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'Aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms ruptured', 'aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: This study compares the clinical outcomes of 60 consecutive @entity1 who received an allogeneic blood or marrow stem cell transplant (BMT) from one Human @entity4107 (HLA) mismatched related donors with those of 120 matched @entity1 who had HLA identical sibling donors. The control @entity1 were matched for diagnosis, disease status, conditioning regimen, and age at BMT. All @entity1 received standard CYA and @entity1500 for GVHD prophylaxis. The probability of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) at 5 years was 35% in the study group compared to 56% in the control group. The relapse rates and acute GVHD rates did not differ between the two groups. Graft failure was a significant problem in the study group compared to the control group (13 vs. 0%, p < 0.0001). All cases of graft failure occurred in @entity1 with a mismatch in the host-versus-graft direction. BMT-related @entity204 were also increased in the study group. Forty percent of @entity204 were caused by infection in the study group vs. 19% in the control group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the @entity1349 of @entity1 receiving marrow/stem cells from one antigen mismatched related donors was inferior to that of controls with HLA-identical related donors. There was an increase in mortality related to @entity281 occurring in the setting of an increased frequency of graft failure in these @entity1 .

title: Influence of one human XXXX mismatch on outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from related donors.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['Leukocyte Antigen']

answer: @entity4107 :: (3126,Gene) :: ['leukocyte antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) events after different types of shoulder surgery have not previously been available in large numbers in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine baseline postoperative complication rates with reference to national @entity1031 prophylaxis guidelines. METHODS: Diagnostic and operative codes are routinely collected on every @entity1 admitted to the hospital in the English NHS. Data for a 42-month period were analyzed for planned shoulder surgery (total replacement, hemiarthroplasty, or arthroscopy) and proximal humeral @entity174 surgery (internal fixation or replacement). In addition, complications during the two 6-month periods before and after the implementation of national thromboprophylaxis guidelines were compared. Rates of symptomatic @entity1150 , @entity1151 , and mortality within 90 days were extracted. RESULTS: For total shoulder replacement (4,061 @entity1 ), @entity1150 , @entity1151 , and mortality rates were 0%, 0.20%, and 0.22%, respectively. For arthroscopic procedures (65,302 @entity1 ), the rates were less than 0.01%, 0.01%, and 0.03%, respectively. For proximal humeral @entity174 surgery (internal fixation or replacement, 4,696 @entity1 ), the rates were 0.19%, 0.40%, and 3.02%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the @entity1211 event or mortality rates before and after the introduction of the 2007 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines after arthroscopy or proximal humeral @entity174 surgery. A statistically significant decrease in total shoulder replacement-related mortality was found, from 0.72% (5 @entity1 ) to 0%. DISCUSSION: @entity1211 disease is not a significant problem after shoulder surgery, and thromboprophylaxis may not be required, even in high-risk @entity1 . National thromboprophylaxis guidelines did not affect @entity1211 event rates.

title: Venous XXXX events are rare after shoulder surgery: analysis of a national database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolic', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: The immune responsiveness of @entity1 is altered during pregnancy in order to retain protective properties against disease and at the same time allow tolerance of the fetus. Diseases such as @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) have been suggested to arise as a result of maladaptations in these immune alterations. Here we evaluate the effect of @entity1468 on the composition of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations using lymphocyte surface antigen expression. Fifty-four @entity1 of various parities with pregnancy-induced @entity101 (PIH) (39 non-proteinuric and 14 proteinuric) and matched controls (30 normotensive pregnant @entity1 (NTP) and 15 healthy non-pregnant @entity1 (NP)) were investigated. Monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity1 T lymphocytes and subpopulations: @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity1075 and activation markers: @entity2902 , CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity2071 AND HLA(-)DR were used and detected using a two-colour fluorescence analysis with an automated flow cytometer. The total number of T lymphocytes: @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 and @entity1075 were significantly decreased in PIH particularly @entity1468 (P<0.05). T cells expressing NK surface markers (CD3/ @entity4071 (+) @entity2940 ) and @entity404 cells expressing HLA(-)DR were higher in @entity1468 . @entity405 (+)HLA(-)DR(+) cells and T-helper cells expressing adhesion molecules) @entity404 (+) @entity2071 (+)) were higher in NTP than in NP and @entity1468 (P<0.05, 0.05). @entity1468 is associated with elevated levels of @entity404 (+)HLA(-)DR(+), and CD3(+)NK cells but decreased total numbers of T lymphocytes, and the CD3(+) @entity2902 (+) subpopulation. These findings indicate systemic alterations in maternal immunity associated with the @entity1468 state. This feature of the disease may contribute to abnormal adaptation to pregnancy resulting in @entity1468 and PIH, promoting adverse outcomes including @entity393 .

title: Lymphocyte subpopulations in pregnancy complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fractures with partial collapse of vertebral bodies are generically referred to as " @entity3814 " or VCFs. VCFs can have different etiologies comprising @entity130 , bone failure related to @entity170 , or @entity5 affecting bone. VCFs related to @entity170 (benign @entity174 ) and to cancer ( @entity174 ) are commonly found in the elderly population. In the clinical setting, the differentiation between benign and @entity174 is complex and difficult. This paper presents a study aimed at developing a system for computer-aided diagnosis to help in the differentiation between malignant and benign VCFs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used T1-weighted MRI of the lumbar spine in the sagittal plane. Images from 47 consecutive @entity1 (31 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 , mean age 63 years) were studied, including 19 @entity174 and 54 benign @entity174 . Spectral and fractal features were extracted from manually segmented images of 73 vertebral bodies with VCFs. The classification of malignant vs. benign VCFs was performed using the k-nearest neighbor classifier with the Euclidean distance. Results obtained show that combinations of features derived from Fourier and wavelet transforms, together with the fractal dimension, were able to obtain correct classification rate up to 94.7% with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve up to 0.95.

title: Classification of XXXX in magnetic resonance images using spectral and fractal analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'malignant fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prophylactic effect of preoperative application of topical @entity3522 on @entity282 control in @entity1 having photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). SETTING: Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Randomized masked clinical trial. METHODS: In this @entity735 , @entity1 having bilateral PRK received 1 drop of @entity3522 0.1% in 1 eye and 1 drop of placebo in the fellow eye 2 hours before PRK. Postoperatively, both arms of the trial (both eyes of each @entity1 ) received topical @entity3522 every 6 hours for 2 days. One day and 2 days postoperatively, @entity1 were asked to rate the perceived @entity158 in each eye using an 11-point verbal numerical rating scale. A trained examiner noted the eye-specific responses. RESULTS: All 70 @entity1 (140 eyes) completed the study and were included in the statistical analysis. Twenty-four hours after PRK, @entity1 reported @entity158 scores that were clinically and statistically significantly lower in the eyes pretreated with @entity3522 than in the fellow eyes (0.97 versus 2.09) (P=.018). @entity158 scores at 2 days did not differ significantly (P=.877). CONCLUSION: Administration of a single drop of topical @entity3522 0.1% 2 hours before PRK seemed to increase the efficacy of @entity282 management in a clinically and statistically significant manner. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Effect of preemptive topical @entity3522 on XXXX relief after photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['paired-eye study']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prophylactic effect of preoperative application of topical @entity3522 on @entity282 control in @entity1 having photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). SETTING: Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Randomized masked clinical trial. METHODS: In this @entity735 , @entity1 having bilateral PRK received 1 drop of @entity3522 0.1% in 1 eye and 1 drop of placebo in the fellow eye 2 hours before PRK. Postoperatively, both arms of the trial (both eyes of each @entity1 ) received topical @entity3522 every 6 hours for 2 days. One day and 2 days postoperatively, @entity1 were asked to rate the perceived @entity158 in each eye using an 11-point verbal numerical rating scale. A trained examiner noted the eye-specific responses. RESULTS: All 70 @entity1 (140 eyes) completed the study and were included in the statistical analysis. Twenty-four hours after PRK, @entity1 reported @entity158 scores that were clinically and statistically significantly lower in the eyes pretreated with @entity3522 than in the fellow eyes (0.97 versus 2.09) (P=.018). @entity158 scores at 2 days did not differ significantly (P=.877). CONCLUSION: Administration of a single drop of topical @entity3522 0.1% 2 hours before PRK seemed to increase the efficacy of @entity282 management in a clinically and statistically significant manner. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Effect of preemptive topical XXXX on @entity282 relief after photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity is a pro-atherogenic condition and postprandial lipoprotein profile and circulating cytokines changes may contribute to promote the process. The aim of this study is to investigate postprandial metabolic response, lipoprotein oxidation and circulating cytokine levels, after the ingestion of two different meals with different fat/ @entity1735 ratio. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten prepubertal @entity28 @entity1 consumed two meals with the same energy and protein content but with a different @entity1735 to fat ratio: 1) @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ): 61% @entity1735 , 27% fat; 2) high fat (HF): 37% @entity1735 , 52% fat. The AUC of @entity413 and insulin were significantly (p < 0.05) lower after the HF meal. HF meal was followed by a significant decrease in the @entity165 carried in the HDL fractions, while @entity165 in the small, dense LDL and in the VLDL particles increased, as compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all). No differences were found in the @entity165 distribution after the @entity1386 meal. Moreover, HDL-C concentration was lower (p < 0.05) at 300 min after HF vs. @entity1386 meal. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) concentration increased after the HF meal but not after the @entity1386 meal [9.3(2.2) vs 1.8(2.2)% from baseline, P < 0.02)]. A positive association (r > 0.3, P < 0.05) was observed between the densest LDL particles and the ox-LDL plasma levels. A reduction of @entity650 was found at 120 min after the @entity1386 [-23.3(5.5) vs -8.4(3.8)% from baseline, P < 0.05)] compared with the HF meal. CONCLUSION: A simple change of    25% of energy load from fat to @entity1735 in a meal significantly improves postprandial pro-atherogenic factors in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Pro-atherogenic postprandial profile: meal-induced changes of lipoprotein sub-fractions and inflammation markers in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'moderate fat']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']