abstract: The role of @entity935 (DA) in the secretion of GH in most animal species is still controversial. We examined in the @entity235 the effect on GH release of @entity7831 , a drug which activates both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. @entity7831 (0.4-2.8 mg/kg, iv), administered into 12 unanesthetized male and female beagles, induced short-dose-related rises in @entity235 GH (cGH) levels. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors by @entity5521 prevented the GH stimulatory effect of 2.8 mg/kg @entity7831 , and an iv bolus injection of @entity1767 (a neuroleptic which antagonizes both @entity1063 and DA receptor function) given 45 min before was equally effective. Selective blockade of DA receptors by @entity1766 significantly reduced the GH-releasing effect of @entity7831 . In sum, these data indicated that the effect of @entity7831 was the consequence of an enhanced noradrenergic and dopaminergic-neurotransmission. Pretreatment with @entity2211 , a DA receptor blocker unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, failed to modify the GH-releasing effect of @entity7831 , suggesting that the DA component subserving the neuroendocrine effect of the drug lies within the blood-brain barrier. Further evidence for a stimulatory role of DA on GH release was the fact that @entity3826 , a direct stimulant of DA receptors, induced a rise in cGH levels when administered to @entity235 pretreated with @entity2211 . The latter drug was used to prevent @entity391 and distress due to activation of peripheral DA receptors by @entity3826 . However, @entity3826 was only active in the @entity235 at doses (250 and 500 microgram/kg, sc) greatly exceeding those active in releasing GH in @entity1 , suggesting that the role of DA in cGH regulation is ancillary to that exerted by noradrenergic neurotransmission. In a final study, @entity3897 , a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, abolished the neuroendocrine effect of @entity7831 , a finding which suggests that cholinergic medication plays an important role in cGH regulation.

title: A role for XXXX in growth hormone regulation in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine', 'Nomifensine']

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The role of @entity935 (DA) in the secretion of GH in most animal species is still controversial. We examined in the @entity235 the effect on GH release of @entity7831 , a drug which activates both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. @entity7831 (0.4-2.8 mg/kg, iv), administered into 12 unanesthetized male and female beagles, induced short-dose-related rises in @entity235 GH (cGH) levels. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors by @entity5521 prevented the GH stimulatory effect of 2.8 mg/kg @entity7831 , and an iv bolus injection of @entity1767 (a neuroleptic which antagonizes both @entity1063 and DA receptor function) given 45 min before was equally effective. Selective blockade of DA receptors by @entity1766 significantly reduced the GH-releasing effect of @entity7831 . In sum, these data indicated that the effect of @entity7831 was the consequence of an enhanced noradrenergic and dopaminergic-neurotransmission. Pretreatment with @entity2211 , a DA receptor blocker unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, failed to modify the GH-releasing effect of @entity7831 , suggesting that the DA component subserving the neuroendocrine effect of the drug lies within the blood-brain barrier. Further evidence for a stimulatory role of DA on GH release was the fact that @entity3826 , a direct stimulant of DA receptors, induced a rise in cGH levels when administered to @entity235 pretreated with @entity2211 . The latter drug was used to prevent @entity391 and distress due to activation of peripheral DA receptors by @entity3826 . However, @entity3826 was only active in the @entity235 at doses (250 and 500 microgram/kg, sc) greatly exceeding those active in releasing GH in @entity1 , suggesting that the role of DA in cGH regulation is ancillary to that exerted by noradrenergic neurotransmission. In a final study, @entity3897 , a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, abolished the neuroendocrine effect of @entity7831 , a finding which suggests that cholinergic medication plays an important role in cGH regulation.

title: A role for @entity935 in growth hormone regulation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: A multi-institutional study on the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity302 was performed in Japan from 1975 to 1977, including 20 institutions. The outcome of @entity302 and social adjustment 10, 5, and 3 years after the onset of the illness was studied in three different groups of @entity302 @entity1 , respectively. The number of successfully followed-up cases was 1,868 in total, follow-up rate being 42%. The data were analyzed statistically by use of analysis of variance. The rate of remission of @entity410 in all was 58.3% and the rate of normal social adjustment 62.6%. The remission rate showed no significant difference among the 10-, 5-, and 3-year outcome groups. The study on the outcome of @entity410 control indicated that the prognosis of @entity410 control is more favorable (a) in idiopathic than in residual or symptomatic @entity302 ; (b) in @entity1 with onset before 10 years of age than in those with onset after 10 years; (c) in @entity1 with less frequent @entity410 ; (d) in @entity25 than in waking and diffuse @entity302 ; (e) in @entity1 who started treatment within 1 year of onset of @entity410 ; (f) in @entity1 with single-type partial @entity410 than in those with partial @entity410 combined with @entity410 ; (g) in @entity1 without high grade EEG background abnormality; and (h) in @entity1 without @entity16 , @entity51 , @entity1314 , or @entity716 symptoms. Factors that determine the prognosis of social adjustment were almost similar to those for remission of @entity410 . There was a close correlation between the outcome of @entity410 control and that of social adjustment. Correlation coefficient between follow-up rate and remission rate in 15 of the 20 collaborated institutions was 0.55 (p less than 0.05), showing a tendency that the remission rate becomes higher as the follow-up rate is raised.

title: Natural history and prognosis of @entity302 : report of a multi-institutional study in Japan. The group for the study of prognosis of XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptics']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disturbances']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: A multi-institutional study on the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity302 was performed in Japan from 1975 to 1977, including 20 institutions. The outcome of @entity302 and social adjustment 10, 5, and 3 years after the onset of the illness was studied in three different groups of @entity302 @entity1 , respectively. The number of successfully followed-up cases was 1,868 in total, follow-up rate being 42%. The data were analyzed statistically by use of analysis of variance. The rate of remission of @entity410 in all was 58.3% and the rate of normal social adjustment 62.6%. The remission rate showed no significant difference among the 10-, 5-, and 3-year outcome groups. The study on the outcome of @entity410 control indicated that the prognosis of @entity410 control is more favorable (a) in idiopathic than in residual or symptomatic @entity302 ; (b) in @entity1 with onset before 10 years of age than in those with onset after 10 years; (c) in @entity1 with less frequent @entity410 ; (d) in @entity25 than in waking and diffuse @entity302 ; (e) in @entity1 who started treatment within 1 year of onset of @entity410 ; (f) in @entity1 with single-type partial @entity410 than in those with partial @entity410 combined with @entity410 ; (g) in @entity1 without high grade EEG background abnormality; and (h) in @entity1 without @entity16 , @entity51 , @entity1314 , or @entity716 symptoms. Factors that determine the prognosis of social adjustment were almost similar to those for remission of @entity410 . There was a close correlation between the outcome of @entity410 control and that of social adjustment. Correlation coefficient between follow-up rate and remission rate in 15 of the 20 collaborated institutions was 0.55 (p less than 0.05), showing a tendency that the remission rate becomes higher as the follow-up rate is raised.

title: Natural history and prognosis of XXXX : report of a multi-institutional study in Japan. The group for the study of prognosis of @entity302 in Japan.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity35 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity1246 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity1772 , and of subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity1772 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity1022 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity972 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity1772 or @entity3409 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity3409 occluded the @entity1772 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity1772 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity1246 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity460 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity1772 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity7236 -sensitive @entity460 channels.

title: @entity460 channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity1246 release in area XXXX of the @entity35 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity35 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity1246 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity1772 , and of subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity1772 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity1022 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity972 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity1772 or @entity3409 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity3409 occluded the @entity1772 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity1772 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity1246 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity460 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity1772 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity7236 -sensitive @entity460 channels.

title: XXXX channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity1246 release in area @entity1249 of the @entity35 hippocampus.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity35 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity1246 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity1772 , and of subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity1772 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity1022 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity972 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity1772 or @entity3409 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity3409 occluded the @entity1772 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity1772 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity1246 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity460 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity1772 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity7236 -sensitive @entity460 channels.

title: @entity460 channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of XXXX release in area @entity1249 of the @entity35 hippocampus.

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity35 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity1246 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity1772 , and of subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity1772 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity1022 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity972 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity1772 or @entity3409 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity3409 occluded the @entity1772 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity1772 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity1246 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity460 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity460 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity1772 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity7236 -sensitive @entity460 channels.

title: @entity460 channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity1246 release in area @entity1249 of the XXXX hippocampus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Transient and steady-state (40 Hz) evoked potentials, as well as spontaneous and click-evoked @entity2372 , were recorded from 15 lightly anesthetized @entity35 using an 8 x 8 electrode epipial array covering auditory cortex and adjacent areas to determine and compare the spatiotemporal distributions of these four phenomena. 2. The transient evoked response replicated earlier findings in our laboratory, consisting of an initial biphasic sharp wave in area 41, a similar but delayed biphasic sharp wave in area 36, and more widely distributed slow-wave components. Spatiotemporal analysis supported a model of parallel and asynchronous activation of distinct groups of thalamocortical projections underlying the neurogenesis of these temporal components of the middle-latency auditory evoked potential (MAEP) complex. 3. The 40-Hz response to click trains was superimposed on a steady potential shift (SP), both of which were localized within primary auditory cortex. Epipial distributions of the SP were similar to those of the shortest-latency negative peak in area 41 recorded in the same animals, suggesting similar neural generators. The 40-Hz response was more focal and dissimilar from the SP and any other temporal components of the MAEP complex, suggesting that a unique subpopulation of cells underlies its neurogenesis. 4. Spontaneous gamma-band activity, as assessed by power spectrum analysis, was localized to primary and secondary auditory cortex but had a variable distribution between @entity35 that did not conform to the cytoarchitectonic boundaries within subdivisions of this region. Digital movies computed for individual bursts of gamma-activity indicated a high degree of spatiotemporal variability within and between bursts. 5. Single-trial spectral analysis of click responses indicated an inhibition of @entity2372 during most of the MAEP complex, with subsequent enhanced gamma-activity during the 300- to 350-ms slow-wave component that outlasted the MAEP by approximately 500 ms. The epipial distributions of prestimulus and enhanced poststimulus gamma-oscillations were the same. In contrast to the 40-Hz response to click trains, phase-locking of gamma-oscillations by the single click stimulus was not observed. 6. These results suggest that both the MAEP complex and the steady-state 40-Hz response with its associated SP are highly stereotyped in lightly anesthetized rodent cortex. Their spatiotemporal distributions are probably determined in large part by asynchronous activation of parallel thalamocortical projection systems. Our data suggest no direct link between either the MAEP or the steady-state 40-Hz response to spontaneous or evoked @entity2372 in auditory cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparison of evoked potentials and high-frequency (gamma-band) oscillating potentials in XXXX auditory cortex.

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['gamma-band oscillations']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Case histories are presented of 8 unrelated @entity1 born to mothers who were chronic alcoholics. These @entity1 showed a similar pattern of craniofacial, limb, and @entity65 associated with prenatal-onset @entity851 and @entity245 . This is the 1st report to document an association between maternal @entity988 and aberrant morphogenesis in the offspring. The mean duration of maternal @entity988 was 9.4 years. 3 of the cases were black, 3 were Native American, and 2 were white. The mean gestational age was 38 weeks. The degree of @entity851 was more severe than the deficit of weight at birth, suggesting that a factor other than maternal undernutrition alone affected prenatal growth. @entity851 , and short palbebral fissures were observed in all 8 @entity1 . 7 of the 8 @entity1 also demonstrated @entity4242 and @entity3573 with relative prognathism. 6 had an altered palmar crease pattern, 5 showed @entity299 , and 4 had epicanthal folds. Although adequate nutrition was provided to the @entity1 during hospital admission and/or foster care placement, no catch-up growth was observed. After 1 year, the average linear growth rate was 65% of normal and the average rate of @entity1017 was only 38% of normal. By 1 year, head circumference fell below the 3rd percentile for height and chronological age in 5 of the 6 @entity1 in whom measurements were taken. Fine motor dysfunction was present in 5 of the 6 @entity1 tested, and most were delayed in gross motor performance as well. The similarity in pattern of @entity600 noted among these 8 @entity1 suggests a singular mode of etiology related to an as yet unknown effect of maternal @entity988 . Direct @entity1068 @entity137 is the most likely possibility.

title: Pattern of XXXX in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth deficiency', 'Developmental delay, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency', 'linear growth deficiency']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and joint anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: We performed @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) for the suppression of @entity392 in 52 @entity1 and measured Compound Action Potentials (CAP) using electrocochleography before and after @entity8425 . We examined the relation between residual inhibition and CAP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the origin and mechanism of suppression of @entity392 . Tinnitus was suppressed in 27 @entity1 (52%) after @entity8425 . In the group of @entity1 in which we suppressed @entity392 increased from 3.0 +/- 1.5 microV to 3.2 +/- 1.6 microV (p < 0.05), the loudness of @entity392 was reduced from 7.3 +/- 4.7 dBSL to 5.6 +/- 5.1 dBSL (p < 0.05) and the CAP latencies did not exhibit remarkable change. In the group of @entity1 in which we did not suppress @entity392 , latencies and the loudness of @entity392 did not change remarkably. These data indicate that @entity8425 affects auditory nerve fibers directly. It was reported that @entity8425 is effective for @entity392 of peripheral origin and not for that of central origin and, that in @entity392 of peripheral origin, the spontaneous discharges of the auditory nerve increase in number. It is hypothesized that @entity8425 affects @entity2167 by synchronizing these spontaneous discharges. Side effects of @entity8425 were cough and discomfort of the throat, nose, lips and oral cavity. These effects were observed only during electrical stimulation and there were no permanent side effects. In conclusion, @entity8425 affects auditory nerve fibers directly, is effective for @entity392 of peripheral origin and is not associated with serious complications.

title: [Electrocochleographic analysis of the suppression of XXXX by electrical promontory stimulation and changes in compound action potentials].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['Electrical Promontory Stimulation', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'tinnitus, the CAP amplitudes']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory nerve fibers and suppresses tinnitus']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: From Mar. 1958 through Dec. 1977, a series of 48 @entity1 with @entity1893 in the nasal cavity was treated by radiotherapy in our hospital. The incidence of the disease was only 4.8% (48/983) of all @entity706 during the same interval. The ratio of this @entity5 with the @entity706 arising for the nasopharynx, tonsil and the base of the tongue is 1:2, 1:3, 9:1. It has an equal chance of locating on the left or right, but was bilateral in 4 @entity1 . In 4, the nasopharynx; 3, the maxillary antrum and 14, the neighboring soft tissues were invaded. The stage IA and IIA lesions as treated by radiotherapy gave 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 year survival rates of 96%, 82%, 78%, 67% and 44% respectively. Stage IIIA lesions gave a 5 year survival of 25%. All @entity1 with stage IIIB and IV lesions as treated by combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy died within one year. Those involving the neighboring soft tissues and organs could give a 5 year survival of only 25% and 33%. The prognosis was influenced by the stage and radiation technique. The radiation field must be extensive enough to include the whole nasal cavity (cross the middle line by 1 cm), nasopharyx, the ipsilateral maxillary antrum, hard palate and the regional lymphatic areas. An optimum dose of 5000-6000 rad/five-six week is advisable for this kind of @entity5 . It is suggested that total body or hemibody irradiation be advisable for cases with distant metastases. Late sequela of @entity231 calls for meticulous protection of the eye during the initial radiotherapy.

title: [Radiotherapy of XXXX of the nasal cavity--report of 48 cases].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: A reliable and accurate non-invasive test is needed to help determine grafts and/or fistulae in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . Sonographic scanning to assess the state of the @entity292 and AV shunt seems underused. To find out what role B-mode and Doppler play in the assessment of @entity292 and shunt, we scanned nine @entity1 with a @entity292 as central access and nine @entity1 with a graft several times over a period of a month. Diameters were measured before and after the AV shunt and Doppler measurements were made pre, inter and post shunt. We established that B-mode measurements are reliable in predicting the future and integrity of both fistulae and grafts. Doppler measurements were less consistent and therefore less reliable. The average initial measurement showed a screen of 5.766 mm and a second measurement of 5.890 mm; The coefficient of variation (CV)/reproducibility was 1.58% for first measurement. The average first and second measurements post graft were 6.317 mm and 6.365 mm, respectively. The CV/reproducibility was 0.48%. First and second peak flow measurements averaged 149 m/s and 112 m/s, respectively, resulting in a CV of 14.0%. We conclude that morphological changes may be more reliable than Doppler values, indicating a potentially greater use for B-mode ultrasound in predicting an open shunt and/or @entity292 .

title: Sonographic reproducibility of a novel approach in the assessment of centralised access in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. BACKGROUND: Malignant @entity1745 (MSCC) has long been recognized as an important complication of @entity5 , but its incidence is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence, the management, and the outcome of MSCC in the @entity5 population of the Canadian province of Ontario. METHODS: Episodes of MSCC, and treatments used for each episode, were identified by linking electronic hospital separation records and @entity5 centre records to Ontario's population-based @entity5 registry. The cumulative frequency of MSCC in the last 5 years of life was described in the 121435 @entity1 who died of @entity5 in Ontario between 1990 and 1995. Survival after the first episode of MSCC, and duration of hospitalization with MSCC, was described. RESULTS: The cumulative probability of experiencing at least one episode of MSCC in the 5 years preceding death from @entity5 was 2.5% overall, and ranged from 0.2% in @entity788 to 7.9% in @entity1582 . Overall, 60.2% of first episodes of MSCC were treated with primary radiotherapy, and 16.1% with surgery +/- postoperative radiotherapy, while in the remaining 23.7%, there was no record of radiotherapy or surgery. Overall, the median survival following the first episode of MSCC was 2.9 months. The diagnosis of MSCC was associated with a doubling of the time spent in hospital in the last year of life. CONCLUSION: MSCC is a fairly common occurrence among @entity1 dying of @entity5 . There is a 40-fold variation in the cumulative incidence of MSCC among different types of @entity5 .

title: A population-based study of malignant XXXX in Ontario.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central @entity1224 is still challenging to physicians. We herein report on our experiences with bronchotherapeutic procedures over a recent 8-month period. METHODS: From January 2002 to August 2002, 21 @entity1 received 26 procedures (4 core outs, 6 dilations, 13 stent placements, 2 biopsies, and 1 foreign body removal). All @entity1 were treated with or assisted using a rigid bronchoscope technique, except in 1 case in which a fiber bronchoscope was used. The etiologies included 4 cases of @entity2 , 3 cases of @entity5 , 6 cases of airway intubation, 2 cases of @entity378 , 1 case of @entity850 , 1 case of @entity130 , 1 case of subglottic web, 1 case of foreign body, and 2 cases of unknown origin. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 receiving bronchotherapeutic procedures benefited from the procedures, with 2 complications occurring in our series. One @entity1 who was 87 years old with @entity418 and @entity4501 died 5 days after the operation. Stent-related complications occurred in 2 @entity1 (1 collapse by compression and 1 @entity9358 ). No airway laceration occurred while performing the procedure. Two instances of intraoperative @entity548 were encountered, which were successfully controlled by compression of the lesion using the side of the rigid bronchoscope. CONCLUSIONS: In malignant airway obstructions, we resected the @entity5 with the tip of the rigid bronchoscope. Stents were reserved for @entity1 with residual obstruction or severe extrinsic compression. In benign airway obstructions, dilation with a rigid bronchoscope was routinely used. @entity6619 stents were preferred for managing benign @entity1224 .

title: Preliminary experience with bronchotherapeutic procedures in central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['post-anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial tumor', 'malignancy-related tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal trauma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['mucous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: This meta-analysis (k = 48) investigated two relationships in competitive sport: (1) state cognitive @entity148 with performance and (2) state self-confidence with performance. The cognitive @entity148 mean effect size was r = -0.10 (P < 0.05). The self-confidence mean effect size was r = 0.24 (P < 0.001). A paired-samples t-test revealed that the magnitude of the self-confidence mean effect size was significantly greater than that of the cognitive @entity148 mean effect size. The moderator variables for the cognitive @entity148 were sex and standard of competition. The mean effect size for @entity1 (r = -0.22) was significantly greater than the mean effect size for @entity1 (r = -0.03). The mean effect size for high-standard competition (r = -0.27) was significantly greater than that for comparatively low-standard competition (r = -0.06). The significant moderator variables for the self-confidence-performance relationship were sex, standard of competition and measurement. The mean effect size for @entity1 (r = 0.29) was significantly greater than that for @entity1 (r = 0.04) and the mean effect size for high-standard competition (r = 0.33) was significantly greater than that for low-standard competition (r = 0.16). The mean effect size derived from studies employing the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (r = 0.19) was significantly smaller than the mean effect size derived from studies using other measures of self-confidence (r = 0.38). Measurement issues are discussed and future research directions are offered in light of the results.

title: The relative impact of cognitive XXXX and self-confidence upon sport performance: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-performance relationship', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The proper assessment of @entity323 can be objectively accomplished only by examining the vascular, hormonal, neurologic, and psychologic components. The vascular surgeon today requires the ability to participate in multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and needs an understanding of pelvic hemodynamics to design aortoiliac reconstructions that optimize pelvic blood flow. We perform a history and physical examination carefully designed to evaluate erectile ability and detail vascular involvement. Outpatient serum samples are obtained for hormonal analysis. In the noninvasive vascular laboratory, we measure the penile blood pressure using a 2.5 cm cuff and a 10 MHz Doppler probe. We feel strongly that measuring the right and left cavernosal artery pressures directly and determining the penile/brachial index (PBI) most accurately reflects penile flow. A PBI less than 0.6 is diagnostic of @entity11539 , and a PBI greater than 0.75 is normal. We perform our pelvic steal test by exercising the thigh and buttock muscle groups, and comparing the PBI before and after exercise. A decrease of 0.1 or more represents a positive steal test. Measurement of nocturnal penile tumescence is valuable in cases where history, physical examination, and noninvasive vascular laboratory evaluations do not correspond. A neurologic evaluation may include cystometrography or sacral latency testing when indicated. Psychological screening is performed in all @entity1 . We screened 54 vascular clinic @entity1 and found 81% to be symptomatic of @entity323 . In this group, 79% had a PBI less than 0.75, and 38% had a positive pelvic steal test. Illustrative cases are presented herein and the implications in aortoiliac surgery are discussed.

title: The multidisciplinary approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11539 :: ('MESH:D018783', 'Disease') :: ['vasculogenic impotence']

answer: @entity11539 :: (MESH:D018783,Disease) :: ['vasculogenic impotence']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current methods available for periodontal disease diagnosis are seriously deficient in terms of accuracy, in the ability to predict ongoing or future disease activity and indeed in determining whether previously diseased sites are in an arrested phase or still active. One area that is receiving a great deal of attention is the biochemical investigation of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). b-glucuronidase (bG) is one of the enzymes found in GCF that is involved in degradation of the ground substance and fibrillar components of host connective tissue. GCF bG activity might be a good indicator or predictor of periodontal disease activity. This study was conducted to estimate and compare the GCF bG levels in @entity1 with healthy periodontium, @entity102 , and @entity7278 . METHODOLOGY: Subjects were classified into three groups of 20 @entity1 each; healthy individuals, @entity102 , and @entity7278 . After recording the plaque index, gingival index and probing pocket depth, 1  L GCF was collected by placing a calibrated microcapillary pipette extracrevicularly and transferred to sterile plastic vials containing 350  L of normal saline with 1% bovine serum albumin. Analysis of bG was done by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: bG levels in GCF were significantly higher in @entity7278 group (mean value - 2.04743), followed by @entity102 group (mean - 1.11510) and healthy group (0.53643). CONCLUSION: Increased bG levels were observed in @entity1 with increased periodontal destruction, hence GCF bG levels can be used as biochemical marker for periodontal disease activity.

title: Comparative analysis of gingival crevicular fluid b-glucuronidase levels in health, XXXX and @entity7278 .

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic gingivitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current methods available for periodontal disease diagnosis are seriously deficient in terms of accuracy, in the ability to predict ongoing or future disease activity and indeed in determining whether previously diseased sites are in an arrested phase or still active. One area that is receiving a great deal of attention is the biochemical investigation of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). b-glucuronidase (bG) is one of the enzymes found in GCF that is involved in degradation of the ground substance and fibrillar components of host connective tissue. GCF bG activity might be a good indicator or predictor of periodontal disease activity. This study was conducted to estimate and compare the GCF bG levels in @entity1 with healthy periodontium, @entity102 , and @entity7278 . METHODOLOGY: Subjects were classified into three groups of 20 @entity1 each; healthy individuals, @entity102 , and @entity7278 . After recording the plaque index, gingival index and probing pocket depth, 1  L GCF was collected by placing a calibrated microcapillary pipette extracrevicularly and transferred to sterile plastic vials containing 350  L of normal saline with 1% bovine serum albumin. Analysis of bG was done by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: bG levels in GCF were significantly higher in @entity7278 group (mean value - 2.04743), followed by @entity102 group (mean - 1.11510) and healthy group (0.53643). CONCLUSION: Increased bG levels were observed in @entity1 with increased periodontal destruction, hence GCF bG levels can be used as biochemical marker for periodontal disease activity.

title: Comparative analysis of gingival crevicular fluid b-glucuronidase levels in health, @entity102 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: It is widely reported that expressive writing can improve mental and physical health. However, to date, the neural correlates of expressive writing have not been reported. The current study examined the neural electrical correlates of expressive writing in a reappraisal approach. Three groups of @entity1 were required to give a public speech. Before speaking, the reappraisal writing group was asked to write about the current stressful task in a reappraisal manner. The irrelevant writing group was asked to write about their weekly plan, and the non-writing group did not write anything. It was found that following the experimental writing manipulation, both reappraisal and irrelevant writing conditions decreased self-reported @entity148 levels. But when re-exposed to the stressful situation, @entity1 in the irrelevant writing group showed increased @entity148 levels, while @entity148 levels remained lower in the reappraisal group. During the experimental writing manipulation period, @entity1 in the reappraisal group had lower frontal alpha asymmetry scores than those in the irrelevant writing group. However, following re-exposure to stress, @entity1 in the reappraisal group showed higher frontal alpha asymmetry scores than those in the irrelevant writing group. Self-reported @entity148 and frontal alpha asymmetry of the non-writing condition did not change significantly across these different stages. It is noteworthy that expressive writing in a reappraisal style seems not to be a fast-acting treatment but may instead take effect in the long run.

title: Reappraisal writing relieves social XXXX and may be accompanied by changes in frontal alpha asymmetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Objective. To systematically collect evidence and evaluate the effects of Danhong injection (DHI) for @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ). Methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in seven electronic databases up to January 2015. The methodological and reporting quality of included studies was assessed by using AMSTAR and PRISMA. Result. Five articles were included. The conclusions suggest that DHI plus conventional medicine treatment was effective for @entity1459 pectoris treatment, could alleviate symptoms of @entity951 and ameliorate electrocardiograms. Flaws of the original studies and systematic reviews weaken the strength of evidence. Limitations of the methodology quality include performing an incomprehensive literature search, lacking detailed characteristics, ignoring clinical heterogeneity, and not assessing publication bias and other forms of bias. The flaws of reporting systematic reviews included the following: not providing a structured summary, no standardized search strategy. For the pooled findings, researchers took statistical heterogeneity into consideration, but clinical and methodology heterogeneity were ignored. Conclusion. DHI plus conventional medicine treatment generally appears to be effective for @entity1459 treatment. However, the evidence is not hard enough due to methodological flaws in original clinical trials and systematic reviews. Furthermore, rigorous designed randomized controlled trials are also needed. The methodology and reporting quality of systematic reviews should be improved.

title: An Overview of Meta-Analyses of Danhong Injection for Unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina', 'UA']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['Angina']


abstract: Background. The aim of this study is to investigate whether @entity3089 (EGCG) can prevent the UA-induced inflammatory effect of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the involved mechanisms in vitro. Methods. HUVEC were subjected to @entity414 (UA) with or without EGCG treatment. RT-PCR and western blots were performed to determine the level of @entity32 marker. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring scavenged reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Functional studies of the role of @entity125 in HUVEC lines were performed using RNA interference analyses. Results. UA significantly increased the expressions of @entity650 , @entity2071 , @entity310 , and @entity2842 and the production of ROS in HUVEC. Meanwhile, the expression of @entity125 and its downstream effects significantly increased. Using siRNA, inhibition of @entity125 signaling significantly impeded the expressions of inflammatory cytokines under UA treatment. Interestingly, EGCG suppressed the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and the generation of ROS. Western blot analysis of @entity125 showed that EGCG significantly decreased the expressions of inflammatory cytokines through @entity125 signaling pathways. Conclusions. In summary, our findings indicated that @entity125 plays an important role in the UA-induced inflammatory response, and the downregulation of @entity125 by EGCG could be an effective approach to decrease @entity32 and oxidative stress induced by UA.

title: EGCG Attenuates XXXX -Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses by Medicating the NOTCH Pathway.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['Uric Acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity439 arising from the pericallosal artery (PA) are uncommon and challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to report our experiences of the endovascular treatment of @entity1756 . METHODS: From September 2003 to December 2013, 30 @entity1756 in 30 @entity1 were treated at our institution via an endovascular approach. Procedural data, clinical and angiographic results were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Regarding immediate angiographic control, complete occlusion was achieved in 21 (70.0%) @entity1 and near-complete occlusion in 9 (30.0%). Eight procedure-related complications occurred, including intraprocedural @entity397 and early rebleeding in three each, and @entity1031 event in two. At last follow-up, 18 @entity1 were independent with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2, and the other 12 were either dependent or had expired (mRS score, 3-6). Adjacent @entity1410 was found to be associated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcome. Seventeen of 23 surviving @entity1 underwent follow-up conventional angiography (mean, 16.5 months). Results showed stable occlusion in 14 (82.4%), minor recanalization in two (11.8%), and major recanalization, which required recoiling, in one (5.9%). CONCLUSION: Our experiences demonstrate that endovascular treatment for a @entity1756 is both feasible and effective. However, periprocedural rebleedings were found to occur far more often (20.0%) than is generally suspected and to be associated with preoperative contrast retention. Analysis showed existing adjacent @entity1410 is predictive of a poor clinical outcome.

title: Endovascular Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured PA aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1653 grow insidiously and compress adjacent cerebral structures. Achieving complete removal without further @entity75 can be difficult. Microsurgical removal of large lesions is a challenging procedure and usually involves some brain retraction. The endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) for @entity5 arising from the anterior fossa have been well described; however, their effect on the adjacent brain tissue has not. Herein, the authors utilized the magnetic resonance imaging fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence signal as a marker for @entity4 and @entity5219 on pre- and post-operative images of @entity1653 , thus presenting an objective parameter for @entity1545 after surgical manipulation. METHODS: Imaging of 18 @entity1653 removed through EEAs was reviewed. @entity5 and pre/postoperative FLAIR signal volumes were assessed utilizing the DICOM image viewer OsiriX(  ). Inclusion criteria were: (1) No previous treatment; (2) EEA gross total removal; (3) no further treatment. RESULTS: There were 14 females and 4 males; the average age was 53.8 years (  8.85 years). Average @entity5 volume was 24.75 cm(3) (  23.26 cm(3), range 2.8-75.7 cm(3)), average preoperative FLAIR volume 31.17 cm(3) (  39.38 cm(3), range 0-127.5 cm(3)) and average postoperative change volume, 4.16 cm(3) (  6.18 cm(3), range 0-22.2 cm(3)). Average time of postoperative scanning was 6 months (range 0.14-20 months). In all cases (100%) gross total @entity5 removal was achieved. Nine @entity1 (50%) had no postoperative FLAIR changes. In 2 @entity1 (9%) there was minimal increase of changes postoperatively (2.2 cm(3) and 6 cm(3) respectively); all others demonstrated image improvement. The most common complication was postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (27.8%); 1 @entity1 (5.5%) died due to systemic complications and @entity358 . CONCLUSIONS: FLAIR signal changes tend to resolve after @entity5 resection and do not seem to worsen with this operative technique.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence signal reduction after endoscopic endonasal transcribiform total resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage to frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endonasal tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Olfactory groove meningiomas', 'olfactory groove meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sepsis']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['olfactory groove meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine key features and define a strategy for differentiation between @entity808 and @entity3292 using sonography. METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at our hospital, and informed consent was waived. We reviewed sonograms of pathologically proven @entity808 and @entity3292 of the extremities and body wall. On grayscale images, @entity5 were evaluated on the basis of their size, maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio, shape, contour, margin, location, encapsulation, echogenicity, echo texture, cystic changes, presence of intratumoral calcifications, presence of a target sign, and presence of an entering or exiting nerve. If an entering or exiting nerve was identified, the @entity5 transition were characterized. On color Doppler images, the presence and amount of vascularity were evaluated. Student t tests were used for analysis of continuous variables (size, maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio, and age);   (2) and Fisher exact tests were used for analysis of categorical variables. RESULTS: A total of 146 pathologically proven @entity5 , including 115 @entity808 and 31 @entity3292 of the extremities and body wall, were included. The maximum diameter, maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio, contour, @entity5 transition, and vascularity were significantly different in @entity808 versus @entity3292 (P < .05), and a lobulated contour, fusiform shape, and hypovascularity of @entity3292 could be helpful for differentiation when a prediction model is considered. The nerve- @entity5 position, nerve- @entity5 transition, and maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio were also significantly different between groups (P < .05) and thus could be useful for differentiation of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic findings are helpful in differentiating between @entity808 and @entity3292 .

title: Sonographic Differentiation Between @entity808 and XXXX in the Musculoskeletal System.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic portion, nerve-tumor position, nerve-tumor', 'tumor', 'nerve-tumor position and nerve-tumor', 'neurogenic tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3292 :: (MESH:D009455,Disease) :: ['Neurofibromas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine key features and define a strategy for differentiation between @entity808 and @entity3292 using sonography. METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at our hospital, and informed consent was waived. We reviewed sonograms of pathologically proven @entity808 and @entity3292 of the extremities and body wall. On grayscale images, @entity5 were evaluated on the basis of their size, maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio, shape, contour, margin, location, encapsulation, echogenicity, echo texture, cystic changes, presence of intratumoral calcifications, presence of a target sign, and presence of an entering or exiting nerve. If an entering or exiting nerve was identified, the @entity5 transition were characterized. On color Doppler images, the presence and amount of vascularity were evaluated. Student t tests were used for analysis of continuous variables (size, maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio, and age);   (2) and Fisher exact tests were used for analysis of categorical variables. RESULTS: A total of 146 pathologically proven @entity5 , including 115 @entity808 and 31 @entity3292 of the extremities and body wall, were included. The maximum diameter, maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio, contour, @entity5 transition, and vascularity were significantly different in @entity808 versus @entity3292 (P < .05), and a lobulated contour, fusiform shape, and hypovascularity of @entity3292 could be helpful for differentiation when a prediction model is considered. The nerve- @entity5 position, nerve- @entity5 transition, and maximum-to-minimum diameter ratio were also significantly different between groups (P < .05) and thus could be useful for differentiation of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic findings are helpful in differentiating between @entity808 and @entity3292 .

title: Sonographic Differentiation Between XXXX and @entity3292 in the Musculoskeletal System.

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Schwannomas']


abstract: Preoperative @entity417 and nadir hemoglobin (Hb) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been identified as significant risk factors for blood transfusion during cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to confirm the association between @entity417 , perioperative fluid management, and blood transfusion. In addition, the proportion of elective cardiac surgery @entity1 presenting for surgery with @entity417 was identified to examine whether the opportunity exists for timely diagnosis and intervention. Data from referral until hospital discharge were comprehensively reviewed over a 12-month period for all nonemergency cardiac surgical @entity1 operated on in our institution. Of the 342 @entity1 identified, elective cases were referred a median of 35 days before preoperative clinic and operated on a median of 14 days subsequently. Subacute cases had a median of 3 days from referral to surgery. As per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for @entity417 , 24.2% of elective and 29.6% of subacute @entity1 were anemic. Blood transfusion was administered to 46.2% of @entity1 during their admission. Transfusion was more likely in @entity1 who were female (odds ratio [OR]: 2.45, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-4.70), had a low body mass index (BMI) (OR: .89, 95% CI: .84-.94), @entity417 (OR: 5.15, 95% CI: 2.59-10.24), or @entity8 (OR: 5.44, 95% CI: 2.42-12.22). Hemodilution minimization strategies reduced the Hb fall during CPB, but not transfusion rates. This study identifies a high prevalence of @entity417 with sufficient time for elective referrals to undergo appropriate diagnosis and interventions. It also confirms that low red cell mass ( @entity417 and low BMI) and @entity8 are predictors of perioperative blood transfusion. Perfusion strategies to reduce hemodilution are effective at minimizing the intraoperative fall in Hb concentration but did not influence transfusion rate.

title: Perioperative Hemoglobin Trajectory in Adult Cardiac Surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative anemia', 'anemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work has been to determine the prognostic value of normal thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in @entity1 who had suffered @entity583 in the three months prior to the examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A stress test followed by (201)Tl Gated SPECT was performed. A follow-up was made of 63 @entity1 with normal perfusion scintigraphy. According to the MPS results, the @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. Group I (n=63; 57% males, age 65  12), @entity1 with normal MPS, and group II (n=60; 81% males, age 64  10), @entity1 with abnormal MPS. The appearance of a new @entity1188 or @entity204 occurring during this period (63  3 months) was analyzed. The appearance of events was related with the cardiovascular risk factors, perfusion study and ventricular function. RESULTS: Five events occurred in group I in 4 @entity1 : 3 new @entity1188 and 2 @entity204 . In group II, there were 18 events in 14 @entity1 : 8 new @entity1188 and 10 @entity204 (p<0,0001). The events were related with age, time from MPS, @entity6 , size of perfusion defect and post stress ventricular ejection fraction. Mean survival en group I was 108 months (103-112) and in group II 97 (88-107) (p=0,01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with normal MPS had fewer major events than @entity1 with abnormal MPS. The size of MPS has been related with the appearance of events. A depressed post-stress left ventricular ejection fraction has a poor prognosis.

title: [Prognostic value of normal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with 201Tl in post-acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1337 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur is usually insufficient as physician usually relies on parental @entity1337 in such situations. Local anesthetic blockade of femoral nerve to provide @entity1337 in @entity174 shaft femur is an under-used technique. We conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ) with 0.5% @entity1342 for acute @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 were studied as they present in an emergency ward. All @entity1 received an @entity2096 with 15 ml of 0.5% @entity1342 . The onset of block, duration of @entity1337 , @entity1 's acceptance after 24 h together with the effect of block were assessed. RESULTS: The onset of @entity1337 occurred in 5.34    1.10 min after the block. @entity158 scores decreased significantly from 9.12    0.9, preblock visual analog scale (VAS) score to 1.84    1.25, VAS score at 10 min after the block (P < 0.001). The quality of @entity1337 did not change when @entity1 underwent radiological examination (38.9    5.22 min after block) and traction application (69.4    8.98 min after block). The duration of @entity1337 observed was 227    63.99 min. @entity1 acceptance after 24 h of @entity2096 was good in 86% @entity1 . There were no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that in the emergency ward, rapid, effective, and long lasting @entity1337 can be achieved by safe and simple @entity2096 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur.

title: XXXX for acute @entity158 relief in @entity174 shaft femur in an emergency ward.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve block', 'FNB']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['Femoral nerve block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1337 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur is usually insufficient as physician usually relies on parental @entity1337 in such situations. Local anesthetic blockade of femoral nerve to provide @entity1337 in @entity174 shaft femur is an under-used technique. We conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ) with 0.5% @entity1342 for acute @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 were studied as they present in an emergency ward. All @entity1 received an @entity2096 with 15 ml of 0.5% @entity1342 . The onset of block, duration of @entity1337 , @entity1 's acceptance after 24 h together with the effect of block were assessed. RESULTS: The onset of @entity1337 occurred in 5.34    1.10 min after the block. @entity158 scores decreased significantly from 9.12    0.9, preblock visual analog scale (VAS) score to 1.84    1.25, VAS score at 10 min after the block (P < 0.001). The quality of @entity1337 did not change when @entity1 underwent radiological examination (38.9    5.22 min after block) and traction application (69.4    8.98 min after block). The duration of @entity1337 observed was 227    63.99 min. @entity1 acceptance after 24 h of @entity2096 was good in 86% @entity1 . There were no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that in the emergency ward, rapid, effective, and long lasting @entity1337 can be achieved by safe and simple @entity2096 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur.

title: @entity2096 for acute XXXX relief in @entity174 shaft femur in an emergency ward.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1337 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur is usually insufficient as physician usually relies on parental @entity1337 in such situations. Local anesthetic blockade of femoral nerve to provide @entity1337 in @entity174 shaft femur is an under-used technique. We conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ) with 0.5% @entity1342 for acute @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 were studied as they present in an emergency ward. All @entity1 received an @entity2096 with 15 ml of 0.5% @entity1342 . The onset of block, duration of @entity1337 , @entity1 's acceptance after 24 h together with the effect of block were assessed. RESULTS: The onset of @entity1337 occurred in 5.34    1.10 min after the block. @entity158 scores decreased significantly from 9.12    0.9, preblock visual analog scale (VAS) score to 1.84    1.25, VAS score at 10 min after the block (P < 0.001). The quality of @entity1337 did not change when @entity1 underwent radiological examination (38.9    5.22 min after block) and traction application (69.4    8.98 min after block). The duration of @entity1337 observed was 227    63.99 min. @entity1 acceptance after 24 h of @entity2096 was good in 86% @entity1 . There were no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that in the emergency ward, rapid, effective, and long lasting @entity1337 can be achieved by safe and simple @entity2096 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur.

title: @entity2096 for acute @entity158 relief in XXXX shaft femur in an emergency ward.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease where the contribution of T cells is now supported by clinical results. Among the cytokines produced by T cells, interleukin (IL)-17A (previously known as @entity4155 ) and @entity4654 constitute the signature cytokines of the newly described Th17 T helper cell subset. While the effects of @entity4155 on @entity309 synoviocytes been well described, those of @entity4654 remain less studied. The present review describes the effects of @entity4155 and @entity4654 on synoviocytes and their contribution to @entity309 pathogenesis. Although @entity4654 is less active than @entity4155 when used alone, @entity4155 and @entity4654 induce in synoviocytes a rather similar expression pattern in the presence of @entity5 @entity39 factor a. They enhance their response by stabilising mRNA of cytokines and enhancing receptor expression. They increase the migration, chemokine gene expression and invasiveness of synoviocytes. They contribute to disease chronicity by inhibiting synoviocyte apoptosis. Finally, they enhance metalloprotease secretion leading to @entity16 . These properties support the combined inhibition of @entity4155 and -F to control @entity309 and joint destruction.

title: Effects of interleukin (IL)-17A and @entity4654 in human XXXX synoviocytes.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA inflammation', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease where the contribution of T cells is now supported by clinical results. Among the cytokines produced by T cells, interleukin (IL)-17A (previously known as @entity4155 ) and @entity4654 constitute the signature cytokines of the newly described Th17 T helper cell subset. While the effects of @entity4155 on @entity309 synoviocytes been well described, those of @entity4654 remain less studied. The present review describes the effects of @entity4155 and @entity4654 on synoviocytes and their contribution to @entity309 pathogenesis. Although @entity4654 is less active than @entity4155 when used alone, @entity4155 and @entity4654 induce in synoviocytes a rather similar expression pattern in the presence of @entity5 @entity39 factor a. They enhance their response by stabilising mRNA of cytokines and enhancing receptor expression. They increase the migration, chemokine gene expression and invasiveness of synoviocytes. They contribute to disease chronicity by inhibiting synoviocyte apoptosis. Finally, they enhance metalloprotease secretion leading to @entity16 . These properties support the combined inhibition of @entity4155 and -F to control @entity309 and joint destruction.

title: Effects of interleukin (IL)-17A and XXXX in human @entity309 synoviocytes.

answer: @entity4654 :: (112744,Gene) :: ['IL-17F']


abstract: An accurate definition of clinical target volume (CTV) is essential for the application of radiotherapy in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) treatment. A novel @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeting contrast agent (C225-USPIO) was designed by conjugating ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO) nanoparticles with cetuximab (C225), to non-invasively define the CTV of @entity5 . The immunobinding activity of C225-USPIO to @entity189 cell line CNE1 was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The time-dependent accumulation of C225-USPIO in CNE1 cells was evaluated using Prussian blue staining. Targeted internalization and subcellular localization of C225-USPIO was confirmed by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that C225-USPIO specifically bound to @entity470 on the surface of CNE1 cells and was taken up into the cell. The uptake of C225-USPIO by CNE1 cells increased significantly with time, when compared with human IgG-USPIO. In addition, 4.7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that C225-USPIO had a capacity to accumulate in the CNE1 cells, with a resultant marked decrease in MRI T2-weighted signal intensity over time. These findings imply that C225-USPIO has the potential as an MRI contrast agent and can be employed to non-invasively detect early-stage @entity189 with @entity470 overexpression. This provides sufficient theoretical basis for commencing in vivo experiments with the compound.

title: Specific targeting of XXXX cell line CNE1 by C225-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 particles with magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: An accurate definition of clinical target volume (CTV) is essential for the application of radiotherapy in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) treatment. A novel @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeting contrast agent (C225-USPIO) was designed by conjugating ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO) nanoparticles with cetuximab (C225), to non-invasively define the CTV of @entity5 . The immunobinding activity of C225-USPIO to @entity189 cell line CNE1 was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The time-dependent accumulation of C225-USPIO in CNE1 cells was evaluated using Prussian blue staining. Targeted internalization and subcellular localization of C225-USPIO was confirmed by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that C225-USPIO specifically bound to @entity470 on the surface of CNE1 cells and was taken up into the cell. The uptake of C225-USPIO by CNE1 cells increased significantly with time, when compared with human IgG-USPIO. In addition, 4.7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that C225-USPIO had a capacity to accumulate in the CNE1 cells, with a resultant marked decrease in MRI T2-weighted signal intensity over time. These findings imply that C225-USPIO has the potential as an MRI contrast agent and can be employed to non-invasively detect early-stage @entity189 with @entity470 overexpression. This provides sufficient theoretical basis for commencing in vivo experiments with the compound.

title: Specific targeting of @entity189 cell line CNE1 by C225-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic XXXX particles with magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of screening history on the risk of cervical precancer and @entity5 after an @entity1082 )-positive test. METHODS: A large health maintenance organization introduced cytology and HPV cotesting into routine clinical practice in 2003. We selected @entity1 aged 30 and older who tested HPV positive, cytology negative between January 2006 and December 2008 who had any clinical follow-up documented before January 2010 (n=26,799). The 1-year and 4-year cumulative incidence rates and rate ratios for @entity3146 or higher (CIN 2+) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated as estimates of absolute risk and relative risk, respectively. Results were stratified on immediate past HPV test and @entity975 results. RESULTS: Without consideration of past screening round, the 1-year and 4-year cumulative incidence rates for CIN 2+ after an HPV-positive, @entity975 -negative result were 2.83 (95% CI 2.55-3.12) and 7.89 (95% CI 7.00-8.78). However, risks varied substantially by past screening result. For example, the 4-year risk of CIN2+ was greater for @entity1 who had a past HPV-positive, @entity975 -negative result (cumulative incidence rate=11.79, 95% CI 10.22-13.36) compared with those who had HPV-negative, @entity975 -negative result (cumulative incidence rate=4.56, 95% CI 3.43-5.69; cumulative incidence rate ratio=2.59, 95% CI 2.30-2.87). CONCLUSION: Because cervical precancer is associated with persistent @entity1083 , the risk associated with an HPV-positive test can vary significantly depending on the immediate past screening round. Optimizing screening programs will require knowledge of screening history.

title: Variable risk of cervical precancer and @entity5 after a XXXX -positive test.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of screening history on the risk of cervical precancer and @entity5 after an @entity1082 )-positive test. METHODS: A large health maintenance organization introduced cytology and HPV cotesting into routine clinical practice in 2003. We selected @entity1 aged 30 and older who tested HPV positive, cytology negative between January 2006 and December 2008 who had any clinical follow-up documented before January 2010 (n=26,799). The 1-year and 4-year cumulative incidence rates and rate ratios for @entity3146 or higher (CIN 2+) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated as estimates of absolute risk and relative risk, respectively. Results were stratified on immediate past HPV test and @entity975 results. RESULTS: Without consideration of past screening round, the 1-year and 4-year cumulative incidence rates for CIN 2+ after an HPV-positive, @entity975 -negative result were 2.83 (95% CI 2.55-3.12) and 7.89 (95% CI 7.00-8.78). However, risks varied substantially by past screening result. For example, the 4-year risk of CIN2+ was greater for @entity1 who had a past HPV-positive, @entity975 -negative result (cumulative incidence rate=11.79, 95% CI 10.22-13.36) compared with those who had HPV-negative, @entity975 -negative result (cumulative incidence rate=4.56, 95% CI 3.43-5.69; cumulative incidence rate ratio=2.59, 95% CI 2.30-2.87). CONCLUSION: Because cervical precancer is associated with persistent @entity1083 , the risk associated with an HPV-positive test can vary significantly depending on the immediate past screening round. Optimizing screening programs will require knowledge of screening history.

title: Variable risk of cervical precancer and XXXX after a @entity1082 -positive test.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiology and estimate the incidence of @entity573 ( @entity573 ) among @entity1 in Israel. METHODS: Using the Israel National Hospital Discharge Register, we investigated the epidemiologic features of @entity573 among @entity1 <18 years of age between 1996 to 2009 in Israel. Incidence rates were calculated using the corresponding census data. RESULTS: During 1996 through 2009, 685 @entity1 <18 years of age were hospitalized for @entity573 in Israel. Of these @entity1 , 88% were aged <5 years; the male/female ratio was 1.7:1; and most cases occurred in late winter-early spring. The overall incidence of @entity573 was 6.4 per 100,000 @entity1 <5 years of age. Since 2000, there was a gradual increase in @entity573 incidence as well as in the ratio of @entity573 -associated hospitalizations to all-cause pediatric hospitalizations. For male @entity1 <1 year of age, @entity573 rates almost doubled: from 5.8 per 100,000 cases in 1996-1998 to an average of 11.9 cases per 100,000 in the following years (P = 0.002). The overall proportion of @entity1 with @entity574 was 2.9%, higher rates of @entity574 were observed in @entity1 <1 or >5 years of age and in male @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Major epidemiologic features of @entity573 among Israeli @entity1 are similar to those reported for the white population in Europe and the United States. @entity573 incidence increased during the study period, especially among male @entity1 <1 year of age.

title: XXXX in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative imaging is an important aspect of @entity1 evaluation before liver transplantation for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) because the size and number of @entity5 are indicators of posttransplant prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the preoperative detectability of @entity157 and clarify the role of preoperative assessment on prognosis after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS: Eighty-one @entity1 who underwent LDLT for @entity157 accompanied by @entity1575 were reviewed. A total of 149 nodules were pathologically diagnosed as @entity5462 . The pathologic findings were correlated with preoperative results from contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography with angiography. RESULTS: The detectability of small @entity5462 (<1 cm) and well-differentiated @entity5462 was significantly reduced. Forty-six of 81 cases were preoperatively judged to meet the Milan criteria, although 16 of these failed to meet the criteria according to postoperative pathologic examination. However, recurrence-free survival in the 16 cases was similar to that in the 30 cases who met the criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative diagnostic accuracy of radiologic imaging for small-sized, well-differentiated @entity5462 requires improvement. However, these undetected @entity5462 have little effect on prognosis after LDLT, and current imaging modalities therefore provide acceptable methods of preoperative LDLT evaluation.

title: Prognostic significance of preoperative imaging in recipients of living donor liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157 isolated from @entity1 and @entity291 were analyzed by uni- and multivariable logistic regression, and population structure methods, to gain insight into transmission and the nature of @entity1 @entity281 . Eleven genotyping assays, including PCR typing of five virulence factors ( @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), @entity23345 ), eae, and ehxA) and a lineage-specific polymorphism assay using six markers (LSPA6), were considered in the analyses. The prevalence of the @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), and @entity23345 ) virulence factors was significantly different between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates. However, multivariable regression revealed that the presence of only the @entity23345 ) gene was significantly associated with @entity1 isolates after controlling for confounding effects. LSPA6 typing demonstrated an apparent difference in the distribution of LSPA6 lineages between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates and a strong association between stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. Population genetics tools identified three genetically distinct clusters of STEC O157. Each cluster was characterized by stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. The @entity1 isolates typically comprised LSPA6 lineage I with @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains and LSPA6 lineage I/II with @entity23345 ) or @entity23345 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected]. In contrast, the @entity291 isolates comprised LSPA6 lineage II strains withstx(2c) or @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected] in addition to the clusters identified for the @entity1 isolates. Our analyses provide new evidence that the @entity23345 ) gene is the most distinctive feature in @entity1 isolates compared to @entity291 isolates in Japan, and only a subset of the genetically diverse population isolated from @entity291 is involved in @entity1 illnesses. Our results may contribute to international comparisons and risk assessments of STEC O157.

title: Multivariate analyses revealed distinctive features differentiating @entity1 and @entity291 isolates of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX O157 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157 isolated from @entity1 and @entity291 were analyzed by uni- and multivariable logistic regression, and population structure methods, to gain insight into transmission and the nature of @entity1 @entity281 . Eleven genotyping assays, including PCR typing of five virulence factors ( @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), @entity23345 ), eae, and ehxA) and a lineage-specific polymorphism assay using six markers (LSPA6), were considered in the analyses. The prevalence of the @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), and @entity23345 ) virulence factors was significantly different between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates. However, multivariable regression revealed that the presence of only the @entity23345 ) gene was significantly associated with @entity1 isolates after controlling for confounding effects. LSPA6 typing demonstrated an apparent difference in the distribution of LSPA6 lineages between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates and a strong association between stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. Population genetics tools identified three genetically distinct clusters of STEC O157. Each cluster was characterized by stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. The @entity1 isolates typically comprised LSPA6 lineage I with @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains and LSPA6 lineage I/II with @entity23345 ) or @entity23345 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected]. In contrast, the @entity291 isolates comprised LSPA6 lineage II strains withstx(2c) or @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected] in addition to the clusters identified for the @entity1 isolates. Our analyses provide new evidence that the @entity23345 ) gene is the most distinctive feature in @entity1 isolates compared to @entity291 isolates in Japan, and only a subset of the genetically diverse population isolated from @entity291 is involved in @entity1 illnesses. Our results may contribute to international comparisons and risk assessments of STEC O157.

title: Multivariate analyses revealed distinctive features differentiating @entity1 and XXXX isolates of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 O157 in Japan.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157 isolated from @entity1 and @entity291 were analyzed by uni- and multivariable logistic regression, and population structure methods, to gain insight into transmission and the nature of @entity1 @entity281 . Eleven genotyping assays, including PCR typing of five virulence factors ( @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), @entity23345 ), eae, and ehxA) and a lineage-specific polymorphism assay using six markers (LSPA6), were considered in the analyses. The prevalence of the @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), and @entity23345 ) virulence factors was significantly different between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates. However, multivariable regression revealed that the presence of only the @entity23345 ) gene was significantly associated with @entity1 isolates after controlling for confounding effects. LSPA6 typing demonstrated an apparent difference in the distribution of LSPA6 lineages between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates and a strong association between stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. Population genetics tools identified three genetically distinct clusters of STEC O157. Each cluster was characterized by stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. The @entity1 isolates typically comprised LSPA6 lineage I with @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains and LSPA6 lineage I/II with @entity23345 ) or @entity23345 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected]. In contrast, the @entity291 isolates comprised LSPA6 lineage II strains withstx(2c) or @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected] in addition to the clusters identified for the @entity1 isolates. Our analyses provide new evidence that the @entity23345 ) gene is the most distinctive feature in @entity1 isolates compared to @entity291 isolates in Japan, and only a subset of the genetically diverse population isolated from @entity291 is involved in @entity1 illnesses. Our results may contribute to international comparisons and risk assessments of STEC O157.

title: Multivariate analyses revealed distinctive features differentiating XXXX and @entity291 isolates of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 O157 in Japan.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: Diurnal rhythms of LH and FSH have been reported in normal @entity1 , but it is unclear whether these reflect underlying circadian control from the suprachiasmatic nucleus and/or external influences. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether endogenous circadian rhythms of LH, FSH, and the glycoprotein @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) are present in reproductive-aged @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Subjects were studied in the early follicular phase using a constant routine protocol in a Clinical Research Center at an academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Subjects were healthy, normal-cycling @entity1 aged 23-29 yr (n = 11). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Temperature data were collected, and blood samples were assayed for LH, FSH, @entity5815 , and TSH. RESULTS: Core body temperature and TSH were best fit by a sinusoid model, indicating that known circadian rhythms were present in this population. However, the patterns of FSH, LH, and @entity5815 over 24 h were best fit by a linear model. Furthermore, there were no differences in LH and @entity5815 interpulse intervals or pulse amplitudes between evening, night, and morning. CONCLUSIONS: Under conditions that control for sleep/wake, light/dark, activity, position, and nutritional cues, there is no circadian rhythm of LH, FSH, or @entity5815 in @entity1 during the early follicular phase despite the presence of endogenous rhythms of TSH and core body temperature. These studies indicate that endogenous circadian control does not contribute to previously reported diurnal rhythms in reproductive-aged @entity1 and emphasizes the importance of environmental cues in controlling normal reproductive function.

title: Absence of circadian rhythms of gonadotropin secretion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['FAS', 'free a-subunit']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2012 increases @entity65 . We tested the hypothesis that increased arterial stiffness together with left @entity123 may be a contributory factor. @entity1 AND DESIGN: Fifty-six @entity1 (40 males, 54    13 yr; 25 active disease, 31 in remission) and 46 healthy controls (30 males, 52    13 yr) underwent measurements of aortic pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), carotid Doppler (IMT), echocardiography, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity442 was 323    286 ng/ml (sd score 1.8    1.9) in all @entity1 . Age, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels were similar comparing @entity1 and controls. Systolic BP (130.8    19.9 vs. 122    14 mm Hg controls, P < 0.01) and @entity122 (11.7    3.8 vs. 9.7    2.8 m/sec, 95% confidence interval -3.4 to -0.7, P <0.01) were higher in @entity1 than controls. Regression analysis revealed age, presence of @entity2012 , systolic BP, and body mass index, inversely, as significantly and independently associated with @entity122 . No difference in carotid IMT was seen (0.8    0.2 @entity1 vs. 0.7    0.2 mm controls, P = 0.5) or between active/controlled disease. In the subset of @entity1 with echocardiography (n = 32), left ventricular mass was higher by a mean of 38.2 g (95% confidence interval -80.9 to +4.6, P = 0.08). CONCLUSION: In summary, @entity1 with @entity2012 had independently and significantly increased aortic @entity122 as evidence of arterial stiffening but unaltered carotid IMT compared with controls, also influenced by age and systolic BP. Premature @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity2012 is likely related to pressure-related arterial and left ventricular stiffening rather than @entity731 .

title: Changes in arterial stiffness but not carotid intimal thickness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Results obtained from the surgical treatment of 15 cases of type II and III tibial intercondylar eminence @entity174 -according to the classification of Meyers and McKeever [12, 13]-are reported in this paper. The average age of the @entity1 observed was 22 years (range 18-41). All @entity1 underwent an arthroscopic procedure of reduction and fixation. We used a bioabsorbable suture in ten @entity1 and a nonabsorbable suture in five @entity1 . The suture was passed at the ACL insertion, then pulled out through drilled tunnels and tied onto the anterior surface of the tibial metaphysis. Two of the 15 @entity1 treated underwent an additional arthroscopic procedure because of arthrofibrosis, 2 months after the first surgical intervention. All @entity1 were examined clinically and radiographically with an average follow-up of 18 months. According to the IKDC scoring system, recovery of the 13 @entity1 not undergoing additional intervention was graded as normal or near normal. In 14 @entity1 , anterior laxity was inferior to 5 mm at the KT-1000 arthrometer evaluation. Absorbable or nonabsorbable suture fixation is effective for obtaining a secure fixation and achieves good clinical and functional mid-term results.

title: Tibial intercondylar eminence XXXX in adults: arthroscopic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Haemodialysis-induced @entity1562 is associated with @entity551 , increased likelihood of @entity65 and @entity204 . Dialysis at 35  C reduces stunning, but adverse thermal symptoms limit technique adoption. This study investigated whether individualised body temperature dialysis improves haemodynamic stability and abrogates stunning. METHODS: Randomised crossover study of 11 @entity1 compared LV regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) at 37  C ( @entity2033 (37)) and body temperature ('individualised', @entity2033 (ind)). Regional systolic function was quantitatively assessed by echocardiography. Haemodynamics were assessed using continuous pulse wave analysis. Thermal symptoms were scored by questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean predialysis body temperature was 36.0    0.1  C. Mean number of peak stress RWMAs per @entity1 was lower with @entity2033 (ind) (3.9    1.4 vs. 5.3    1.5, p = 0.03). Intradialytic systolic BP was higher during @entity2033 (ind) versus @entity2033 (37) (p < 0.001). Individualised body temperature dialysis demonstrated symptomatic tolerability comparable to @entity2033 (37). CONCLUSIONS: Individualised-temperature haemodialysis abrogates stunning, providing effective haemodynamic stabilisation at no additional therapy cost.

title: Individualised dialysate temperature improves intradialytic haemodynamics and abrogates haemodialysis-induced XXXX , without compromising tolerability.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intradialytic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardial stunning']


abstract: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 having undergone surgical treatment of @entity14526 ( @entity14526 ) lesions in adulthood. The objectives were to assess the clinical, radiological, and surgical characteristics of @entity14526 in adults. There is almost no study assessing these characteristics. Seven adult male @entity1 with @entity14526 , ages between 20 and 23 (mean 21.1), had their primary evaluations between 1995 and 1999 in the Military Hospital, Yzmir, and G  lhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara. A temporary cerebrospinal fluid leak in the @entity1 with the @entity1514 and a temporary partial @entity322 in the @entity1 with the @entity75 occurred. The most common preoperative complaint was @entity1643 . This improved in three of four @entity1 (75%) but did not disappear. Although it is rare, an adult with an untreated @entity14526 is a possible entity. These lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity601 in adults. Even though they appear as a simple spinal meningocele clinically, preoperative MR imaging and CT are necessary and helpful in the precise diagnosis and surgical planning.

title: The initial treatment of meningocele and XXXX in adulthood: experiences with seven @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral lesion']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesion']

entities_list: @entity14526 :: ('MESH:D016137', 'Disease') :: ['SBC', 'spina bifida cystica', 'SBC lesions']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal midline lesions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['myelomeningocele lesions']


abstract: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 having undergone surgical treatment of @entity14526 ( @entity14526 ) lesions in adulthood. The objectives were to assess the clinical, radiological, and surgical characteristics of @entity14526 in adults. There is almost no study assessing these characteristics. Seven adult male @entity1 with @entity14526 , ages between 20 and 23 (mean 21.1), had their primary evaluations between 1995 and 1999 in the Military Hospital, Yzmir, and G  lhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara. A temporary cerebrospinal fluid leak in the @entity1 with the @entity1514 and a temporary partial @entity322 in the @entity1 with the @entity75 occurred. The most common preoperative complaint was @entity1643 . This improved in three of four @entity1 (75%) but did not disappear. Although it is rare, an adult with an untreated @entity14526 is a possible entity. These lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity601 in adults. Even though they appear as a simple spinal meningocele clinically, preoperative MR imaging and CT are necessary and helpful in the precise diagnosis and surgical planning.

title: The initial treatment of meningocele and @entity75 in adulthood: experiences with seven XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']