abstract: The efficacy and tolerance of @entity4258 in the treatment of complicated @entity293 and in low dose long-term prophylaxis over six months for recurrent UTI were investigated in 60 and 27 @entity1 , respectively. In the prophylaxis group, compliance with medication was controlled weekly using Mecur BT. Five to nine days after treatment, the urine was sterile in 50 out of the 60 @entity1 treated (83.3%); relapse occurred in six @entity1 and was associated with development of resistance in two. Four @entity1 suffered re- @entity281 within the study period. Failure of treatment was closely related to persisting complicating factors in the urinary tract. The overall tolerance of @entity4258 was satisfactory. However, there was one severe @entity56 . During the total 391 weeks of low dose long-term prophylaxis given to 27 @entity1 , only one break-through @entity281 occurred. Yet compliance studies proved that antimicrobial activity was present in the urines of less than 50% of the @entity1 . During prophylaxis, the rate of @entity281 was reduced from three to four to 0.13 to 0.05 @entity281 / @entity1 /year. There was no development of resistance in the isolates from these @entity1 . Only two adverse reactions were observed.

title: [Clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerance of XXXX in the therapy of complicated @entity293 and in long-term prevention of recurrent @entity293 ].

answer: @entity4258 :: (MESH:D009643,Chemical) :: ['norfloxacin']


abstract: The phytohormone abscisic acid ( @entity2272 ) plays important regulatory roles in many plant developmental processes including seed dormancy, germination, growth, and stomatal movements. These physiological responses to @entity2272 are in large part brought about by changes in gene expression. To study genome-wide @entity2272 -responsive gene expression we applied massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) to samples from @entity958 wildtype (WT) and abi1-1 mutant seedlings. We identified 1354 genes that are either up- or downregulated following @entity2272 treatment of WT seedlings. Among these @entity2272 -responsive genes, many encode signal transduction components. In addition, we identified novel @entity2272 -responsive gene families including those encoding ribosomal proteins and proteins involved in regulated proteolysis. In the @entity2272 -insensitive mutant abi1-1, @entity2272 regulation of about 84.5% and 6.9% of the identified genes was impaired or strongly diminished, respectively; however, 8.6% of the genes remained appropriately regulated. Compared to other methods of gene expression analysis, the high sensitivity and specificity of MPSS allowed us to identify a large number of @entity2272 -responsive genes in WT @entity958 . The database given in our supplementary material (http://jcs.biologists.org/supplemental) provides researchers with the opportunity to rapidly assess whether genes of interest may be regulated by @entity2272 . Regulation of the majority of the genes by @entity2272 was impaired in the @entity2272 -insensitive mutant abi1-1. However, a subset of genes continued to be appropriately regulated by @entity2272 , which suggests the presence of at least two @entity2272 signaling pathways, only one of which is blocked in abi1-1.

title: Genome-wide gene expression profiling in XXXX reveals new targets of abscisic acid and largely impaired gene regulation in the abi1-1 mutant.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Dissolution of @entity3835 urinary calculi was studied in vitro. Rate constants were calculated by measuring the concentration of @entity460 in solution during dissolution. Various irrigating agents, including @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ) and other @entity460 -chelating substances, were tested at different concentrations and pH values. @entity1098 was the most effective agent in dissolving @entity3835 calculi. When @entity1098 was used, the rate of dissolution depended on both concentration and pH. At a pH of 7.5 or 10.0, the rate of dissolution increased progressively with the @entity1098 concentration. At each concentration tested, dissolution was faster at a pH of 10.0 than at a pH of 7.5. Calculated rate constants were extrapolated to determine whether in vivo irrigation with @entity1098 solutions is clinically practical. Even at an @entity1098 concentration of 0.03 M at a pH of 7.5, a two mm. calculus could be dissolved within 48 hr. Although dissolution of @entity3835 calculi is not a practical first-line treatment, it might be a useful adjunct to percutaneous stone removal or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

title: Kinetics of dissolution of XXXX calculi with @entity460 -chelating irrigating solutions.

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

answer: @entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['calcium oxalate']


abstract: Dissolution of @entity3835 urinary calculi was studied in vitro. Rate constants were calculated by measuring the concentration of @entity460 in solution during dissolution. Various irrigating agents, including @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ) and other @entity460 -chelating substances, were tested at different concentrations and pH values. @entity1098 was the most effective agent in dissolving @entity3835 calculi. When @entity1098 was used, the rate of dissolution depended on both concentration and pH. At a pH of 7.5 or 10.0, the rate of dissolution increased progressively with the @entity1098 concentration. At each concentration tested, dissolution was faster at a pH of 10.0 than at a pH of 7.5. Calculated rate constants were extrapolated to determine whether in vivo irrigation with @entity1098 solutions is clinically practical. Even at an @entity1098 concentration of 0.03 M at a pH of 7.5, a two mm. calculus could be dissolved within 48 hr. Although dissolution of @entity3835 calculi is not a practical first-line treatment, it might be a useful adjunct to percutaneous stone removal or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

title: Kinetics of dissolution of @entity3835 calculi with XXXX -chelating irrigating solutions.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Evidence discussed in this review article lends strong support in favor of an etiologic role of environmentalfactors in @entity191 . First, thanks to the discovery of @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ), it is now clear that, by targeting the nigrostriatal system, neurotoxicants can reproduce the neurochemical and pathological features of idiopathic @entity304 . The sequence of toxic events triggered by @entity5212 has also provided us with intriguing clues concerning mechanisms of toxicant selectivity and nigrostriatal vulnerability. Relevant examples are (i) the role of the plasma membrane @entity935 transporter in facilitating the access of potentially toxic species into dopaminergic neurons; (ii) the vulnerability of the nigrostriatal system to failure of mitochondrial energy metabolism; and (iii) the contribution of inflammatory processes to tissue lesioning. Epidemiological and experimental data suggest the potential involvement of specific agents as neurotoxicants (e.g. pesticides) or neuroprotective compounds (e.g. @entity286 products) in the pathogenesis of @entity528 , further supporting a relationship between the environment and @entity191 . A likely scenario that emerges from our current knowledge is that neurodegeneration results from multiple events and interactive mechanisms. These may include (i) the synergistic action of endogenous and exogenous toxins (e.g. the ability of the pesticide @entity8584 to promote the @entity137 of other compounds); (ii) the interactions of toxic agents with endogenous elements (e.g. the protein alpha-synuclein); (iii) the tissue response to an @entity137 ; and, last but not least, (iv) the effects of environmental factors on the background of genetic predisposition and aging.

title: Environmental factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'initial toxic insult']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyldithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['nigrostriatal degeneration']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a reproducible scoring system to identify @entity1 who present with a doubtful diagnosis of @entity698 and who would benefit from diagnostic laparoscopy. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Regional teaching hospital, The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: 577 consecutive @entity1 during the period 1994-5, and 343 who presented during the period 1996-7. INTERVENTIONS: The variables that seemed to be predictive of @entity697 were abstracted from the earlier group. a logistic regression analysis applied, and score created. The score was validated on the 343 @entity1 who presented during 1996-7, and then the groups were combined for further analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reproducibility of the scoring system obtained by comparing odds ratios (OR) of the two groups; its effectiveness judged by comparing the delayed and normal appendicectomy rates. RESULTS: The following variables were significantly correlated with the presence of @entity697 : white cell count 10 x 10(9)/L or more (score 3), rebound tenderness and male sex (score 2 each); and symptoms present for < 48 hrs and temperature 38 degrees C or more (score 1 each). The OR for the two groups were 1.80 and 1.76, respectively, indicating that score was reproducible. With a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 83% it would be at least as accurate as clinical judgment. The normal appendicectomy rate would be 7% instead of 9%. and the negative exploration rates (laparoscopy and primary appendicectomy) would both be 22%. The score would also result in a lower perforation rate (2% compared with 17%). CONCLUSION: The score can indicate when there is an indication for laparoscopy in @entity1 with suspected @entity698 .

title: Scoring and diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the effectiveness of a mesoatrial shunt in the treatment of @entity3181 caused by combined hepatic vein and @entity616 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital, India. @entity1 : 10 @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age 28, range 18-45) who had operations for @entity3181 between 1994 and 2000. INTERVENTION: Mesoatrial shunt. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Graft patency, survival, liver function and symptoms. RESULTS: One @entity1 died. All grafts were patent over a mean follow up period of 40 months (range 6-71). All survivors have normal liver function and were symptom free at the time of writing. CONCLUSION: Mesoatrial shunt is effective in the treatment of @entity3181 caused by combined hepatic vein and vena caval occlusion.

title: Treatment of XXXX with inferior vena caval occlusion by mesoatrial shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena caval block']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: The @entity35 forced swimming test (FST) distinguishes selective @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and selective @entity1063 (NA) reuptake-inhibitors, which respectively increase swimming and climbing behaviours. However, NA-system-mediated inhibition of @entity750 -induced swimming prevents dual @entity750 /NA reuptake-inhibition to produce concurrently climbing with swimming. Since adaptative neurochemical processes occur in the treatment of @entity308 , we examined the influence of long-term antidepressant treatment on these interactions. METHODS: (1) Selective [ @entity905 : 10 mg/kg; @entity5829 : 10 mg/kg] and non-selective [ @entity1153 : 40 mg/kg; @entity13332 : 20 mg/kg] antidepressants were administered subacutely (3inj) and chronically (17inj) over 16 days. (2) A subacute @entity905 - @entity5829 combination (10-10 mg/kg) was administered in @entity35 that were pre-treated with chronic- @entity5829 (10 mg/kg per day, 14 days). (3) NA-system-mediated interactions were further examined by combining the alpha(2)-receptor agonist @entity1338 (5, 10, 20, 200 microg/kg) with 10 mg/kg @entity905 . RESULTS: (1) Long-term treatment with either @entity905 or @entity5829 does not modify the behavioural response produced by their subacute administration. (2) In contrast, whereas subacute-milnacipran increases climbing solely, chronic-milnacipran produces greater anti-immobility effects and increases both climbing and swimming behaviours. Similarly, the @entity905 - @entity5829 combination produces climbing solely, but increases both climbing and swimming behaviours in animals pre-treated with chronic- @entity5829 . Chronic but not subacute- @entity13332 increases swimming behaviour. (3) @entity1338 dose-dependently antagonizes @entity905 -induced anti-immobility effects and swimming behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic enhancement of NA-transmission alters NA-system-mediated inhibition of @entity750 -induced behaviour in the FST, which may involve alpha(2)-receptors.

title: In the @entity35 forced swimming test, chronic but not subacute administration of dual XXXX /NA antidepressant treatments may produce greater effects than selective drugs.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: The @entity35 forced swimming test (FST) distinguishes selective @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and selective @entity1063 (NA) reuptake-inhibitors, which respectively increase swimming and climbing behaviours. However, NA-system-mediated inhibition of @entity750 -induced swimming prevents dual @entity750 /NA reuptake-inhibition to produce concurrently climbing with swimming. Since adaptative neurochemical processes occur in the treatment of @entity308 , we examined the influence of long-term antidepressant treatment on these interactions. METHODS: (1) Selective [ @entity905 : 10 mg/kg; @entity5829 : 10 mg/kg] and non-selective [ @entity1153 : 40 mg/kg; @entity13332 : 20 mg/kg] antidepressants were administered subacutely (3inj) and chronically (17inj) over 16 days. (2) A subacute @entity905 - @entity5829 combination (10-10 mg/kg) was administered in @entity35 that were pre-treated with chronic- @entity5829 (10 mg/kg per day, 14 days). (3) NA-system-mediated interactions were further examined by combining the alpha(2)-receptor agonist @entity1338 (5, 10, 20, 200 microg/kg) with 10 mg/kg @entity905 . RESULTS: (1) Long-term treatment with either @entity905 or @entity5829 does not modify the behavioural response produced by their subacute administration. (2) In contrast, whereas subacute-milnacipran increases climbing solely, chronic-milnacipran produces greater anti-immobility effects and increases both climbing and swimming behaviours. Similarly, the @entity905 - @entity5829 combination produces climbing solely, but increases both climbing and swimming behaviours in animals pre-treated with chronic- @entity5829 . Chronic but not subacute- @entity13332 increases swimming behaviour. (3) @entity1338 dose-dependently antagonizes @entity905 -induced anti-immobility effects and swimming behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic enhancement of NA-transmission alters NA-system-mediated inhibition of @entity750 -induced behaviour in the FST, which may involve alpha(2)-receptors.

title: In the XXXX forced swimming test, chronic but not subacute administration of dual @entity750 /NA antidepressant treatments may produce greater effects than selective drugs.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In this in vivo study, novel delivery systems based on superporous hydrogel (SPH) and SPH composite (SPHC) polymers were used to improve the intestinal absorption of @entity11938 in healthy @entity1707 . Six female @entity1707 of approximately 35 kg body weight were used. A cannula was inserted into the jugular vein for blood sampling and a silicone fistula in the duodenum for administration of gelatin capsules containing the delivery systems or @entity11938 solutions. The delivery systems consisted of two components, (1) conveyor system made of SPH and SPHC; (2) core containing @entity11938 . The core was inserted either into the conveyor system (core inside, c.i.) or attached to the surface of conveyor system (core outside, c.o.). The following intestinal formulations were investigated: c.i., c.o. and intraduodenal (i.d.) administration of @entity11938 solutions. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of @entity11938 was also investigated for reasons of comparison. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for @entity11938 and @entity413 concentrations. Relative bioavalibility values of 1.3+/-0.4 and 1.9+/-0.7% were achieved for c.o. and c.i. administrations, respectively. The bioavalibility for i.d. administration of @entity11938 solution was 0.5+/-0.2%. These results indicate that the absorption of @entity11938 was slightly increased using SPH/SPHC-based delivery systems. Furthermore, a large variability was observed, probably due to physiological and metabolic changes during the experiments. Blood @entity413 levels were slightly decreased after the c.o. and c.i administrations, whereas these levels did not decrease after i.d. administration of @entity11938 solutions. In conclusion, SPH/SPHC-based delivery systems are able to enhance the intestinal absorption of @entity11938 and are, therefore, considered as promising systems for peroral peptide drug delivery. However, @entity11938 delivery from these delivery systems under in vivo have to be improved.

title: Intestinal absorption of human insulin in XXXX using delivery systems based on superporous hydrogel polymers.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B ( @entity1991 ), on proinflammatory gene expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used an adenovirus vector encoding only the RHD of the @entity1991 ( @entity1992 family member) cDNA (AdRHD) to transduce @entity19 BMDCs ex vivo. Endpoints measured included BMDC expression of activation markers, cytokine secretion, peptide antigen presentation, and the ability of these transduced cells to induce antitumor immunity in vivo. RESULTS: AdRHD-transduced BMDCs secreted higher levels of the cytokines @entity635 , @entity777 , and IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) compared with sham-transduced BMDCs or those transduced with an empty vector. AdRHD induced heightened surface expression of the activation markers @entity14636 , B7.1, B7.2, and MHC class II on BMDCs, and these cells were able to present a peptide antigen to a T-lymphocyte hybridoma more efficiently than controls in vitro. Growth of syngeneic, established @entity5 (CT26 and B16.F10) was inhibited, and survival was prolonged in the @entity19 that received intratumoral AdRHD-modified BMDCs compared with controls. Splenocytes from CT26 @entity5 -bearing animals that received intratumoral AdRHD-modified BMDCs were able to lyse CT26 target cells more efficiently than controls. Similar experiments using host @entity19 harboring targeted mutations in @entity1961 and CD8, as well as BMDCs from @entity19 lacking MHC class I, MHC class II, or IL-12 revealed that this @entity5 immunity was dependent on the presence of @entity1961 + and CD8+ cells in the @entity5 -bearing host, as well as MHC class I, MHC class II, and IL-12 expression by the administered BMDCs. Furthermore, induction of IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) expression by AdRHD was completely abrogated in BMDCs lacking the @entity16181 @entity1991 family member. CONCLUSIONS: We made the following conclusions: (a) gene transfer-mediated overexpression of the RHD of @entity1991 activates BMDCs; (b) AdRHD-transduced BMDCs induce antitumor immunity when administered intratumorally, an effect mediated by both the @entity1961 + T cell/MHC class II and the CD8+ T cell/MHC class I pathways, as well as IL-12; and (c) IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) up-regulation by the RHD transgene in BMDCs is dependent on the presence of the @entity16181 @entity1991 family member.

title: Adenovirus vector-mediated overexpression of a truncated form of the XXXX nuclear factor kappa B cDNA in dendritic cells enhances their function resulting in immune-mediated suppression of preexisting @entity19 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1992 :: (19697(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p65']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B ( @entity1991 ), on proinflammatory gene expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used an adenovirus vector encoding only the RHD of the @entity1991 ( @entity1992 family member) cDNA (AdRHD) to transduce @entity19 BMDCs ex vivo. Endpoints measured included BMDC expression of activation markers, cytokine secretion, peptide antigen presentation, and the ability of these transduced cells to induce antitumor immunity in vivo. RESULTS: AdRHD-transduced BMDCs secreted higher levels of the cytokines @entity635 , @entity777 , and IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) compared with sham-transduced BMDCs or those transduced with an empty vector. AdRHD induced heightened surface expression of the activation markers @entity14636 , B7.1, B7.2, and MHC class II on BMDCs, and these cells were able to present a peptide antigen to a T-lymphocyte hybridoma more efficiently than controls in vitro. Growth of syngeneic, established @entity5 (CT26 and B16.F10) was inhibited, and survival was prolonged in the @entity19 that received intratumoral AdRHD-modified BMDCs compared with controls. Splenocytes from CT26 @entity5 -bearing animals that received intratumoral AdRHD-modified BMDCs were able to lyse CT26 target cells more efficiently than controls. Similar experiments using host @entity19 harboring targeted mutations in @entity1961 and CD8, as well as BMDCs from @entity19 lacking MHC class I, MHC class II, or IL-12 revealed that this @entity5 immunity was dependent on the presence of @entity1961 + and CD8+ cells in the @entity5 -bearing host, as well as MHC class I, MHC class II, and IL-12 expression by the administered BMDCs. Furthermore, induction of IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) expression by AdRHD was completely abrogated in BMDCs lacking the @entity16181 @entity1991 family member. CONCLUSIONS: We made the following conclusions: (a) gene transfer-mediated overexpression of the RHD of @entity1991 activates BMDCs; (b) AdRHD-transduced BMDCs induce antitumor immunity when administered intratumorally, an effect mediated by both the @entity1961 + T cell/MHC class II and the CD8+ T cell/MHC class I pathways, as well as IL-12; and (c) IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) up-regulation by the RHD transgene in BMDCs is dependent on the presence of the @entity16181 @entity1991 family member.

title: Adenovirus vector-mediated overexpression of a truncated form of the @entity1992 nuclear factor kappa B cDNA in dendritic cells enhances their function resulting in immune-mediated suppression of preexisting @entity19 XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B ( @entity1991 ), on proinflammatory gene expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used an adenovirus vector encoding only the RHD of the @entity1991 ( @entity1992 family member) cDNA (AdRHD) to transduce @entity19 BMDCs ex vivo. Endpoints measured included BMDC expression of activation markers, cytokine secretion, peptide antigen presentation, and the ability of these transduced cells to induce antitumor immunity in vivo. RESULTS: AdRHD-transduced BMDCs secreted higher levels of the cytokines @entity635 , @entity777 , and IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) compared with sham-transduced BMDCs or those transduced with an empty vector. AdRHD induced heightened surface expression of the activation markers @entity14636 , B7.1, B7.2, and MHC class II on BMDCs, and these cells were able to present a peptide antigen to a T-lymphocyte hybridoma more efficiently than controls in vitro. Growth of syngeneic, established @entity5 (CT26 and B16.F10) was inhibited, and survival was prolonged in the @entity19 that received intratumoral AdRHD-modified BMDCs compared with controls. Splenocytes from CT26 @entity5 -bearing animals that received intratumoral AdRHD-modified BMDCs were able to lyse CT26 target cells more efficiently than controls. Similar experiments using host @entity19 harboring targeted mutations in @entity1961 and CD8, as well as BMDCs from @entity19 lacking MHC class I, MHC class II, or IL-12 revealed that this @entity5 immunity was dependent on the presence of @entity1961 + and CD8+ cells in the @entity5 -bearing host, as well as MHC class I, MHC class II, and IL-12 expression by the administered BMDCs. Furthermore, induction of IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) expression by AdRHD was completely abrogated in BMDCs lacking the @entity16181 @entity1991 family member. CONCLUSIONS: We made the following conclusions: (a) gene transfer-mediated overexpression of the RHD of @entity1991 activates BMDCs; (b) AdRHD-transduced BMDCs induce antitumor immunity when administered intratumorally, an effect mediated by both the @entity1961 + T cell/MHC class II and the CD8+ T cell/MHC class I pathways, as well as IL-12; and (c) IL-12 ( @entity12782 ) up-regulation by the RHD transgene in BMDCs is dependent on the presence of the @entity16181 @entity1991 family member.

title: Adenovirus vector-mediated overexpression of a truncated form of the @entity1992 nuclear factor kappa B cDNA in dendritic cells enhances their function resulting in immune-mediated suppression of preexisting XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: All @entity1 referred to the University Department of Surgery in Wellington with @entity733 were managed by simple de Pezzer drainage. The catheter used was between 3-5 mm in diameter and was inserted when possible under local anaesthetic. Ninety-seven @entity1 have presented with @entity733 . After exclusion of those @entity1 with intersphincteric abscess, 91 have been managed in this way with a male : female ratio of 2.8 : 1. a @entity733 was present in 76 @entity1 . General anaesthesia was necessary in 18 @entity1 and 16 of these @entity1 were admitted to hospital. Twelve @entity1 were admitted for underlying medical problems. One @entity1 had @entity30 . Over half of the @entity1 had symptoms which had lasted for 4 days or less and 22 patients had antibiotics prescribed by their local practitioners. There was no past history of @entity295 in 75 @entity1 . Sixty-two of the catheters were removed in less than 15 days. Of the @entity1 who were drained under local anaesthetic only eight said that the @entity158 was so intolerable that they would opt for a general anaesthetic in the future. Thirty-five @entity1 returned to their normal activities or work within 5 days and 68 were back at work 14 days after drainage. One abscess was inadequately drained. Twenty-two @entity1 developed @entity292 within the follow-up period. It is suggested that this simple technique is safe and reliable, is well tolerated by @entity1 , results in minimal hospitalization and an early return to work.

title: A simple method for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulae']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal abscess', 'perianal abscess']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['anorectal abscess']


abstract: DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (Topo IIalpha) is a molecular and immunohistochemical marker that indicates proliferation rate and is the target for several antineoplastic agents. The present immunohistochemical study of a large series of surgically removed @entity977 was designed to assess the prognostic significance of Topo IIalpha expression relative to @entity1 age, gender, @entity5 type and size, invasiveness, @entity3 , @entity1758 -labeling index and angiogenesis. Changes of Topo IIalpha expression in the @entity5 treated with @entity2847 and @entity2390 , a long-acting @entity1943 analogue were also investigated. Topo IIalpha immunopositivity was detected only in the nuclei of @entity5 cells. Gonadotroph @entity652 , null cell @entity652 , and ACTH-producing @entity652 had the lowest Topo IIalpha indices, whereas primary @entity977 and silent type 3 @entity652 presented the highest counts. The statistical study demonstrated no significant correlation between Topo IIalpha expression, @entity1 gender, and vascularity. In contrast, significant negative correlation was found between Topo IIalpha expression and @entity1 age. Topo IIalpha expression was significantly higher in @entity3 . A tendency to have higher counts was also observed in microadenomas compared with in macroadenomas. Although Topo IIalpha and @entity1758 indices were similar in most @entity5 types, no significant correlation between Topo IIalpha and @entity1758 -labeling indices (r =.16, P =.09) was found. Only non-functioning @entity652 showed positive correlation (r =.41, P =.006) between both proliferation markers. Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in Topo IIalpha index in octreotide-treated, GH-producing @entity652 , compared with untreated @entity5 , but no significant changes were observed in @entity2847 -treated, PRL-producing @entity652 . The present study showed no significant advantage of Topo IIalpha over @entity1758 as a prognostic marker; however, Topo IIalpha may provide crucial information regarding selection of @entity977 responsive to antineoplastic therapy, such as invasive @entity977 and @entity977 , which exhibit a high Topo IIalpha index.

title: Topoisomerase IIalpha expression in XXXX and carcinomas: relationship to @entity5 behavior.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['adenohypophyseal tumors', 'pituitary carcinomas', 'pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive than noninvasive tumors']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (Topo IIalpha) is a molecular and immunohistochemical marker that indicates proliferation rate and is the target for several antineoplastic agents. The present immunohistochemical study of a large series of surgically removed @entity977 was designed to assess the prognostic significance of Topo IIalpha expression relative to @entity1 age, gender, @entity5 type and size, invasiveness, @entity3 , @entity1758 -labeling index and angiogenesis. Changes of Topo IIalpha expression in the @entity5 treated with @entity2847 and @entity2390 , a long-acting @entity1943 analogue were also investigated. Topo IIalpha immunopositivity was detected only in the nuclei of @entity5 cells. Gonadotroph @entity652 , null cell @entity652 , and ACTH-producing @entity652 had the lowest Topo IIalpha indices, whereas primary @entity977 and silent type 3 @entity652 presented the highest counts. The statistical study demonstrated no significant correlation between Topo IIalpha expression, @entity1 gender, and vascularity. In contrast, significant negative correlation was found between Topo IIalpha expression and @entity1 age. Topo IIalpha expression was significantly higher in @entity3 . A tendency to have higher counts was also observed in microadenomas compared with in macroadenomas. Although Topo IIalpha and @entity1758 indices were similar in most @entity5 types, no significant correlation between Topo IIalpha and @entity1758 -labeling indices (r =.16, P =.09) was found. Only non-functioning @entity652 showed positive correlation (r =.41, P =.006) between both proliferation markers. Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in Topo IIalpha index in octreotide-treated, GH-producing @entity652 , compared with untreated @entity5 , but no significant changes were observed in @entity2847 -treated, PRL-producing @entity652 . The present study showed no significant advantage of Topo IIalpha over @entity1758 as a prognostic marker; however, Topo IIalpha may provide crucial information regarding selection of @entity977 responsive to antineoplastic therapy, such as invasive @entity977 and @entity977 , which exhibit a high Topo IIalpha index.

title: Topoisomerase IIalpha expression in @entity977 and carcinomas: relationship to XXXX behavior.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Numerous reports document significant @entity353 after @entity356 ; however, there is little objective data on postsurgical changes in @entity283 ( @entity283 ). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This study examined @entity283 in four groups of @entity1 : presurgery (T1), several weeks postsurgery (T2), 6 months postsurgery (T3), and 1 year postsurgery (T4). Subjects were given three @entity283 measures: the short form 36 (SF-36), the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite Questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite), and the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS). Subjects also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the groups on demographics or presurgical body mass index. Results showed significant differences between T1 and T2 on several SF-36 and IWQOL-Lite subscales, as well as the @entity2653 and BDI. Significant differences were found on all measures between T2 and T3. Significant differences were found on all subscales of the IWQOL-Lite, but no subscales of the SF-36, the @entity2653 , or the BDI between T3 and T4. DISCUSSION: This study is the first to objectively document these differences in several objective measures of @entity283 , @entity308 , and self-esteem after @entity356 in a large sample. It is notable that many differences are apparent within several weeks after surgery. Furthermore, results indicate that the IWQOL-Lite may be more sensitive than the SF-36 to the changes of quality of life that @entity356 @entity1 report.

title: Quality of life after XXXX surgery: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['RSE', 'Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bypass']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric bypass']


abstract: Induction of @entity75 recurrence may be achieved by a variety of stimuli. @entity130 of almost any kind (physical, chemical, electromagnetic and thermal) to the healed primary lesion site has been successful for induction of recurrence. In common with each of these mechanisms is the release of inflammatory mediators ( @entity1426 (AA), complement, kinins, etc.) following @entity130 . Because blockade of the AA cascade with @entity230 has been noted to @entity272 , and because @entity230 have numerous side effects making them a poor therapeutic choice in @entity3217 , we decided to test several relatively different types of AA cascade inhibitory drugs in @entity19 ear HSV recurrence models. In this series of experiments, it was found that topical @entity230 gave the greatest initial decrease in lesion number (80% fewer than control on day 3 post recurrence induction (PRI), while @entity5728 resulted in the greatest reduction of lesions by day 5 PRI (85% fewer lesions than control and 60% fewer than the @entity134 treated group). The @entity2605 treated group exhibited the least reduction in recurrence severity (27% fewer lesions than control on day 5 PRI and 200% more lesions than the @entity134 group. @entity2644 ( @entity2644 ) acted roughly equivalent to the @entity134 treated group by day 5 PRI (70% fewer lesions than the untreated control group). Relative efficacy in lesion reduction between groups by day 5 PRI is: @entity5728 greater than @entity134 = @entity2644 greater than NDGA greater than control. @entity5728 , @entity134 and @entity2644 significantly reduced lesions (p less than .05) when compared with the saline treated control @entity19 . NDGA did not significantly reduce lesions by day 5 PRI.

title: The effect of modulating the synthesis of XXXX cascade products on @entity75 recurrence.

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity5728 :: ('MESH:D008469', 'Chemical') :: ['meclofenamate', 'Meclofenamate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HSV lesion']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine', 'Chlorpromazine', 'thorazine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['abort HSV skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: Induction of @entity75 recurrence may be achieved by a variety of stimuli. @entity130 of almost any kind (physical, chemical, electromagnetic and thermal) to the healed primary lesion site has been successful for induction of recurrence. In common with each of these mechanisms is the release of inflammatory mediators ( @entity1426 (AA), complement, kinins, etc.) following @entity130 . Because blockade of the AA cascade with @entity230 has been noted to @entity272 , and because @entity230 have numerous side effects making them a poor therapeutic choice in @entity3217 , we decided to test several relatively different types of AA cascade inhibitory drugs in @entity19 ear HSV recurrence models. In this series of experiments, it was found that topical @entity230 gave the greatest initial decrease in lesion number (80% fewer than control on day 3 post recurrence induction (PRI), while @entity5728 resulted in the greatest reduction of lesions by day 5 PRI (85% fewer lesions than control and 60% fewer than the @entity134 treated group). The @entity2605 treated group exhibited the least reduction in recurrence severity (27% fewer lesions than control on day 5 PRI and 200% more lesions than the @entity134 group. @entity2644 ( @entity2644 ) acted roughly equivalent to the @entity134 treated group by day 5 PRI (70% fewer lesions than the untreated control group). Relative efficacy in lesion reduction between groups by day 5 PRI is: @entity5728 greater than @entity134 = @entity2644 greater than NDGA greater than control. @entity5728 , @entity134 and @entity2644 significantly reduced lesions (p less than .05) when compared with the saline treated control @entity19 . NDGA did not significantly reduce lesions by day 5 PRI.

title: The effect of modulating the synthesis of @entity1426 cascade products on XXXX recurrence.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['HSV lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few therapeutic options are available for severe, life-threatening, refractory autoimmune @entity5714 . CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old 110-kg @entity1 was seen with acute onset of symptomatic severe @entity417 with @entity1163 , @entity1459 , and @entity1087 . His nadir Hct was 8.3 percent with a peak total @entity648 of 44 mg per dL. The DAT was positive but the IAT was negative. Elution studies demonstrated an IgG pan-agglutinin antibody reactive at 37 degrees C. Treatment with high-dose @entity288 and IVIG was instituted. An accessory spleen measuring 2 cm was identified and surgically removed, but the @entity1 continued to have intense @entity2142 . @entity786 at 200 mg per day was started. Apheresis with a staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption column (Prosorba, Cypress Bioscience, Inc.) was initiated on Day 18 and was performed twice weekly for a total of six treatments. @entity786 was continued for a total of 14 days. His transfusion requirement ceased by the third immunoadsorption treatment. Forty units of RBCs were required over 23 days in an attempt to maintain a Hct greater than or equal to 15 percent. CONCLUSION: Refractory autoimmune @entity2142 can be a life-threatening event. The @entity1 did not achieve a response until after several different therapeutic modalities were instituted, including plasmapheresis with a staphylococcal protein A column (Prosorba). A complete response continues to be durable for more than 1 year after therapy.

title: Durable response to combination therapy including staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption in life-threatening refractory autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['hemolysis']


abstract: The term @entity3147 is a continuum that progresses from only a disequilibrium of intake in relation to needs, to gross structural and functional changes. Furthermore, these changes may be mutually exclusive. How then do we define @entity3147 ? Strictly, @entity3147 starts, as we have shown, when the @entity1 fails to eat enough to meet needs and progresses through a series of functional changes that precede any changes in body composition. These functional changes are related to the duration of reduced intake and its severity. Finally, body wasting occurs, and biochemical indices become abnormal. To base the definition of @entity3147 on any one of these changes is inappropriate. Thus, a @entity1 's nutritional status should be defined by the following criteria: nutrient intake in relation to needs; associated changes in organ function; associated changes in body composition; and associated changes in biochemistry. Only by recognizing the different facets of @entity3147 can we define its various manifestations in relation to our clinical objectives. In attempting to achieve this goal, we have found muscle function tests a most useful and objective investigational tool.

title: Assessment of nutritional status in the oncologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The reported frequency of @entity2631 M01-R renal crisis ( @entity7242 ) in @entity7087 (SSc; @entity2631 ) is 15-20%. Early use of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors has markedly improved outcome. The present analysis reexamines the prognostic factors for and outcome of @entity7242 in a prospective cohort of @entity1 with early diffuse SSc. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the cohort of SSc @entity1 who participated in the High-Dose Versus Low-Dose @entity2361 in Early Diffuse SSc trial. @entity1 with @entity7087 were enrolled if their disease duration was <18 months. Because the trial failed to show a difference between treatment groups, the data were pooled. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four SSc @entity1 entered the observation period a mean +/- SD of 0.8 +/- 0.3 years after onset of SSc. @entity7242 occurred in 18 @entity1 a mean +/- SD of 0.9 +/- 1.1 years after entry. During a mean +/- SD 4.0 +/- 1.1 years of followup after entry, 9 of the 18 @entity1 died (mean +/- SD 0.6 +/- 0.9 years after @entity7242 onset). Baseline characteristics that predicted @entity7242 included a modified Rodnan skin thickness score of >or=20 (P < 0.01), enlarged cardiac silhouette on radiograph (P = 0.04), @entity1159 (wrist, elbow, knee) (P = 0.008), and @entity229 use at entry (P = 0.01). Baseline characteristics that did not predict @entity7242 included age, sex, race, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, fist closure, handspread, lung involvement, @entity425 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count. In 5 of 10 subjects for whom at least 2 sequential skin scores were available, skin scores increased significantly (P = 0.012) in the 6 months before onset of @entity7242 . CONCLUSION: @entity7242 occurred in 13% of @entity1 soon (mean 11 months) after entry into the cohort. Predictors of @entity7242 identified in this study included higher than average skin score, @entity229 use at study entry, @entity1159 , and @entity1283 . Our data suggest, however, that low-dose @entity229 alone was not associated with the onset of @entity7242 , except in the appropriate clinical setting. Although @entity1289 inhibitors and dialysis are now readily available, @entity7242 continues to be associated with poor survival (in this study, 50% of @entity1 with @entity7242 died).

title: Predictors and outcomes of scleroderma renal crisis: the high-dose versus low-dose @entity2361 in early XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['heart enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['large joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cutaneous scleroderma', 'diffuse systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['diffuse systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The reported frequency of @entity2631 M01-R renal crisis ( @entity7242 ) in @entity7087 (SSc; @entity2631 ) is 15-20%. Early use of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors has markedly improved outcome. The present analysis reexamines the prognostic factors for and outcome of @entity7242 in a prospective cohort of @entity1 with early diffuse SSc. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the cohort of SSc @entity1 who participated in the High-Dose Versus Low-Dose @entity2361 in Early Diffuse SSc trial. @entity1 with @entity7087 were enrolled if their disease duration was <18 months. Because the trial failed to show a difference between treatment groups, the data were pooled. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four SSc @entity1 entered the observation period a mean +/- SD of 0.8 +/- 0.3 years after onset of SSc. @entity7242 occurred in 18 @entity1 a mean +/- SD of 0.9 +/- 1.1 years after entry. During a mean +/- SD 4.0 +/- 1.1 years of followup after entry, 9 of the 18 @entity1 died (mean +/- SD 0.6 +/- 0.9 years after @entity7242 onset). Baseline characteristics that predicted @entity7242 included a modified Rodnan skin thickness score of >or=20 (P < 0.01), enlarged cardiac silhouette on radiograph (P = 0.04), @entity1159 (wrist, elbow, knee) (P = 0.008), and @entity229 use at entry (P = 0.01). Baseline characteristics that did not predict @entity7242 included age, sex, race, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, fist closure, handspread, lung involvement, @entity425 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count. In 5 of 10 subjects for whom at least 2 sequential skin scores were available, skin scores increased significantly (P = 0.012) in the 6 months before onset of @entity7242 . CONCLUSION: @entity7242 occurred in 13% of @entity1 soon (mean 11 months) after entry into the cohort. Predictors of @entity7242 identified in this study included higher than average skin score, @entity229 use at study entry, @entity1159 , and @entity1283 . Our data suggest, however, that low-dose @entity229 alone was not associated with the onset of @entity7242 , except in the appropriate clinical setting. Although @entity1289 inhibitors and dialysis are now readily available, @entity7242 continues to be associated with poor survival (in this study, 50% of @entity1 with @entity7242 died).

title: Predictors and outcomes of scleroderma renal crisis: the high-dose versus low-dose XXXX in early @entity7087 trial.

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['D-penicillamine']


abstract: In a review of a large number of @entity1 with @entity29 , @entity1778 was observed in five @entity1 with chronic @entity31 and in two @entity1 with @entity30 . In @entity31 @entity1 , there were three cases of @entity3052 and one case each of @entity981 and @entity1860 . In @entity30 @entity1 , there was one case each of @entity1860 and @entity1072 associated with @entity1148 . Sixteen other cases of @entity1778 have been reported to date in @entity29 . All @entity1778 , but particularly @entity3052 , have been described. There has been no single common feature as to type (whether @entity31 or @entity30 ), extent and course, or medical and surgical treatment of the @entity29 . The relative risk of @entity1778 in @entity1 with @entity31 was 5.3 [95% confidence interval 1.7 to 12.3 (P less than 0.01)] and of @entity3052 11.4 [95% confidence interval 2.3 to 24.9 (P less than 0.01)]. Our data on @entity1 with @entity30 were not sufficient to assess the statistical significance of @entity1778 in this disease. This study suggests that there may be an increased risk of @entity1778 , particularly @entity3052 , in @entity31 . The causal relationship, if any, remains undetermined.

title: @entity29 and XXXX . A report of seven cases of @entity1778 in @entity31 and @entity30 and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['types of leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: In a review of a large number of @entity1 with @entity29 , @entity1778 was observed in five @entity1 with chronic @entity31 and in two @entity1 with @entity30 . In @entity31 @entity1 , there were three cases of @entity3052 and one case each of @entity981 and @entity1860 . In @entity30 @entity1 , there was one case each of @entity1860 and @entity1072 associated with @entity1148 . Sixteen other cases of @entity1778 have been reported to date in @entity29 . All @entity1778 , but particularly @entity3052 , have been described. There has been no single common feature as to type (whether @entity31 or @entity30 ), extent and course, or medical and surgical treatment of the @entity29 . The relative risk of @entity1778 in @entity1 with @entity31 was 5.3 [95% confidence interval 1.7 to 12.3 (P less than 0.01)] and of @entity3052 11.4 [95% confidence interval 2.3 to 24.9 (P less than 0.01)]. Our data on @entity1 with @entity30 were not sufficient to assess the statistical significance of @entity1778 in this disease. This study suggests that there may be an increased risk of @entity1778 , particularly @entity3052 , in @entity31 . The causal relationship, if any, remains undetermined.

title: @entity29 and @entity1778 . A report of seven cases of XXXX in @entity31 and @entity30 and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: In a review of a large number of @entity1 with @entity29 , @entity1778 was observed in five @entity1 with chronic @entity31 and in two @entity1 with @entity30 . In @entity31 @entity1 , there were three cases of @entity3052 and one case each of @entity981 and @entity1860 . In @entity30 @entity1 , there was one case each of @entity1860 and @entity1072 associated with @entity1148 . Sixteen other cases of @entity1778 have been reported to date in @entity29 . All @entity1778 , but particularly @entity3052 , have been described. There has been no single common feature as to type (whether @entity31 or @entity30 ), extent and course, or medical and surgical treatment of the @entity29 . The relative risk of @entity1778 in @entity1 with @entity31 was 5.3 [95% confidence interval 1.7 to 12.3 (P less than 0.01)] and of @entity3052 11.4 [95% confidence interval 2.3 to 24.9 (P less than 0.01)]. Our data on @entity1 with @entity30 were not sufficient to assess the statistical significance of @entity1778 in this disease. This study suggests that there may be an increased risk of @entity1778 , particularly @entity3052 , in @entity31 . The causal relationship, if any, remains undetermined.

title: @entity29 and @entity1778 . A report of seven cases of @entity1778 in XXXX and @entity30 and review of the literature.

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: In a review of a large number of @entity1 with @entity29 , @entity1778 was observed in five @entity1 with chronic @entity31 and in two @entity1 with @entity30 . In @entity31 @entity1 , there were three cases of @entity3052 and one case each of @entity981 and @entity1860 . In @entity30 @entity1 , there was one case each of @entity1860 and @entity1072 associated with @entity1148 . Sixteen other cases of @entity1778 have been reported to date in @entity29 . All @entity1778 , but particularly @entity3052 , have been described. There has been no single common feature as to type (whether @entity31 or @entity30 ), extent and course, or medical and surgical treatment of the @entity29 . The relative risk of @entity1778 in @entity1 with @entity31 was 5.3 [95% confidence interval 1.7 to 12.3 (P less than 0.01)] and of @entity3052 11.4 [95% confidence interval 2.3 to 24.9 (P less than 0.01)]. Our data on @entity1 with @entity30 were not sufficient to assess the statistical significance of @entity1778 in this disease. This study suggests that there may be an increased risk of @entity1778 , particularly @entity3052 , in @entity31 . The causal relationship, if any, remains undetermined.

title: @entity29 and @entity1778 . A report of seven cases of @entity1778 in @entity31 and XXXX and review of the literature.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: In a review of a large number of @entity1 with @entity29 , @entity1778 was observed in five @entity1 with chronic @entity31 and in two @entity1 with @entity30 . In @entity31 @entity1 , there were three cases of @entity3052 and one case each of @entity981 and @entity1860 . In @entity30 @entity1 , there was one case each of @entity1860 and @entity1072 associated with @entity1148 . Sixteen other cases of @entity1778 have been reported to date in @entity29 . All @entity1778 , but particularly @entity3052 , have been described. There has been no single common feature as to type (whether @entity31 or @entity30 ), extent and course, or medical and surgical treatment of the @entity29 . The relative risk of @entity1778 in @entity1 with @entity31 was 5.3 [95% confidence interval 1.7 to 12.3 (P less than 0.01)] and of @entity3052 11.4 [95% confidence interval 2.3 to 24.9 (P less than 0.01)]. Our data on @entity1 with @entity30 were not sufficient to assess the statistical significance of @entity1778 in this disease. This study suggests that there may be an increased risk of @entity1778 , particularly @entity3052 , in @entity31 . The causal relationship, if any, remains undetermined.

title: XXXX and @entity1778 . A report of seven cases of @entity1778 in @entity31 and @entity30 and review of the literature.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Both @entity12906 and acute @entity520 stimulate @entity3655 production by the isolated perfused @entity35 kidney. This stimulatory effect is abolished if the urine is drained back into the recirculating perfusate rather than collected. To determine whether the urinary inhibitor is a cyclooxygenase product, studies were carried out using prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Kidneys perfused with 0.5 mmol/L @entity1160 and urine reinfusion were subjected to @entity12906 (30% CO2, pH 6.8). With either @entity3352 (20 mumol/L) or @entity5728 (20 mumol/L) in the perfusate, @entity3655 production increased significantly in response to @entity12906 despite urine reinfusion. The increment in @entity3655 production was comparable to that in studies with urine collection, indicating that a cyclooxygenase product can account completely for the urinary inhibitor. To further characterize the urinary prostaglandin inhibitor, studies were performed with both the isolated perfused kidney and renal cortical tubules. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) did not exhibit an inhibitory effect on @entity3655 production with either experimental model. @entity3774 at low doses inhibited @entity3655 production in response to acute @entity520 by the isolated kidney, but an effect was not apparent with higher concentrations. PGF2 alpha inhibited the stimulatory effect of a low pH (7.1) on @entity3655 production by isolated tubules, and had no effect on ammoniagenesis at pH 7.4. Thus a @entity3009 , which is not @entity1421 and may be PGF2 alpha, appears to be the previously unidentified urinary inhibitor of the ammoniagenic response to acute @entity520 found with the isolated perfused kidney.

title: Urinary inhibitor of the ammoniagenic response to acute XXXX is a prostaglandin.

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity5728 :: ('MESH:D008469', 'Chemical') :: ['meclofenamate']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a model for measuring rotary stability of the @entity235 elbow joint and to evaluate the relative contribution of the @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ), @entity41713 ( @entity41713 ), and @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ). SAMPLE POPULATION: 18 forelimbs from 12 @entity235 cadavers. PROCEDURE: Forelimbs were allocated to 3 experimental groups (6 forelimbs/group). Each intact forelimb was placed in extension at an angle of 135 degrees and cycled 50 times from -16 degrees (pronation) to +28 degrees (supination) in a continuous manner at 2.0 Hz. Cycling was repeated following sectioning of the structure of interest (group 1, @entity1650 ; group 2, @entity41713 ; and group 3, @entity10036 ). Torque at -12 degrees (pronation) and +18 degrees (supination) was measured for each intact and experimentally sectioned limb. A Student t test was performed to compare torque values obtained from intact verses experimentally sectioned limbs and for comparison with established criteria for differentiation of primary (> or = 33%), secondary (10 to 33%), and tertiary rotational stabilizers (< 10%). RESULTS: In pronation, the @entity1650 was the only primary stabilizer (65%). For supination, the @entity41713 was a primary stabilizer (48%), @entity1650 was a secondary stabilizer (24%), and @entity10036 was a tertiary stabilizer (7%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: With the elbow joint in extension at an angle of 135 degrees, the @entity1650 is a primary rotational stabilizer in pronation, and the @entity41713 is a primary stabilizer in supination. Disruption of the @entity1650 or @entity41713 may affect rotary range of motion or compromise stability of the elbow joint in @entity235 .

title: In vitro biomechanical study of rotational stabilizers of the XXXX elbow joint.

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MCL', 'medial collateral ligament']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'anconeal process']

entities_list: @entity41713 :: ('MESH:C536448', 'Disease') :: ['lateral collateral ligament', 'LCL']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Eight @entity1 , one male and seven females, with no pre-existing @entity1640 , who developed symptoms of @entity4614 following cranial irradiation for @entity189 were studied 5 years or more after radiotherapy. All were @entity2338 . Four of the @entity1 with no GH response during insulin tolerance tests (ITT) showed increased GH in response to synthetic @entity1 @entity7704 (GRF-44). Four @entity1 had impaired @entity701 responses to ITT, and gradual but diminished @entity701 responses to ovine corticotrophin releasing factor ( @entity30345 ). There was no significant difference between mean peak increments in response to ITT and those in response to @entity30345 . TSH responses to @entity1218 were delayed in five and absent in two @entity1 ; four of these had low free T4 index. Prolactin was raised in all seven @entity1 and increased further in response to @entity1218 . Two @entity1 had impaired gonadotrophin responses to LHRH. None of the @entity1 had clinical or biochemical evidence of @entity2010 . These data suggest that post-irradiation @entity4614 in these @entity1 results from radiation damage to the hypothalamus leading to varying degrees of @entity1640 releasing or inhibitory factors.

title: @entity1640 following cranial irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficient']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone releasing factor']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary disease', 'deficiency of the hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Eight @entity1 , one male and seven females, with no pre-existing @entity1640 , who developed symptoms of @entity4614 following cranial irradiation for @entity189 were studied 5 years or more after radiotherapy. All were @entity2338 . Four of the @entity1 with no GH response during insulin tolerance tests (ITT) showed increased GH in response to synthetic @entity1 @entity7704 (GRF-44). Four @entity1 had impaired @entity701 responses to ITT, and gradual but diminished @entity701 responses to ovine corticotrophin releasing factor ( @entity30345 ). There was no significant difference between mean peak increments in response to ITT and those in response to @entity30345 . TSH responses to @entity1218 were delayed in five and absent in two @entity1 ; four of these had low free T4 index. Prolactin was raised in all seven @entity1 and increased further in response to @entity1218 . Two @entity1 had impaired gonadotrophin responses to LHRH. None of the @entity1 had clinical or biochemical evidence of @entity2010 . These data suggest that post-irradiation @entity4614 in these @entity1 results from radiation damage to the hypothalamus leading to varying degrees of @entity1640 releasing or inhibitory factors.

title: XXXX following cranial irradiation for @entity189 .

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['Hypothalamic hypopituitarism']


abstract: Allergic sensitization plays a significant role in the development of @entity565 in many @entity1 . IgE-mediated immune responses play a central role in the pathogenesis of this condition. The development of a treatment that interrupts this pathway is particularly desirable to prevent downstream events. Large-scale trials in @entity1 ranging in age from 6 to 76 years have shown that omalizumab therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of severe @entity56 . This is particularly true in @entity1 who experience poor disease control despite high doses of inhaled @entity230 or need oral @entity230 for control of their disease. These @entity1 are at risk for severe exacerbations despite recommended therapy, and anti-IgE therapy has proved to reduce these episodes. Early aggressive therapy of @entity565 is needed for maximum control in all age groups. Despite the efficacy of inhaled @entity230 there is a reluctance to use these agents, especially in younger @entity1 . Because of these concerns a long-acting treatment is especially desirable. Because of imperfect effort or technique limiting inhaled medications, introduction of an effective agent that could be administered parenterally at long intervals also is very important. @entity2023 is a co-existing problem in many @entity1 with @entity56 . Immunotherapy trials have suggested that early intervention with immunotherapy and @entity2023 @entity1 may actually prevent the development of @entity565 . Early treatment of patients with anti-IgE may also have benefits, particularly in those who have concomitant @entity2023 in addition to @entity56 . Although omalizumab has not yet received Food and Drug Administration approval in the United States, it shows great promise in the management of @entity1 requiring high doses of inhaled or oral corticosteroids for control of their disease and to prevent exacerbations of @entity565 in such @entity1 . Reductions in high doses of inhaled or oral @entity288 may prevent long-term complications of these treatments.

title: The use of anti-IgE in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: The long-term sequelae of external pituitary irradiation alone or in combination with surgery and/or @entity2847 therapy have been studied in 14 @entity1 with large @entity2013 over an observation period of 6-22 years (mean 13 years). @entity21696 was abolished in four of the five females with this symptom, but @entity1866 persisted in five of six @entity1 . Sexual function was normal without sex hormone replacement in only one of the eight males after treatment. @entity51 were abolished or improved by treatment in all 9 @entity1 with this presentation. Serum @entity4090 levels declined after treatment (P less than 0.001) and fell to within the normal range off @entity2847 therapy in six of the 14 @entity1 at a mean of 9 years (range 5-17 years) after radiotherapy. All @entity1 had @entity4611 of some degree at reassessment, and 13 required replacement treatment. Serial skull radiographs revealed remineralization of the fossa floor in five @entity1 and a decrease in fossa size in three. All five @entity1 who did not also have surgery had evidence of @entity5 shrinkage without @entity2847 treatment (on CT scan or @entity6161 cisternography). Fourth generation CT scans on completion of the study revealed a decrease in @entity5 mass in all @entity1 , with varying degrees of @entity4776 in 13 and a @entity5 in the remaining one. @entity5 was demonstrated in 10 @entity1 , three of whom had normal serum @entity4090 levels, while one @entity1 without visible @entity5 had persistent @entity4089 . Radiotherapy, alone or in combination with surgery and @entity2847 , effectively decreases @entity4090 secretion and @entity5 size in @entity1 with large @entity2013 at the expense of other anterior pituitary function. Circulating @entity4090 levels are a poor marker of @entity5 volume.

title: The long-term effects of megavoltage radiotherapy as sole or combined therapy for large XXXX : studies with high definition computerized tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'residual tumour', 'cystic intrasellar tumour', 'Residual tumour']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['anterior pituitary deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['Galactorrhoea']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['prolactinomas']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ( @entity2892 / @entity9234 ), a new @entity2893 antibiotic and a @entity15644 inhibitor, respectively, were carried out in a joint study in the pediatric field by a study group consisting of investigators at 16 institutions. The results were summarized below. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of @entity2892 / @entity9234 were 27.7-190.0/28.3-216.4 micrograms/ml at doses of 10/10-50/50 mg/kg administered by a 30 or 60-minute drip infusion. The above findings proved that dose response was clearly observed. Over a period of 6 or 7 hours, the urinary excretion of @entity2892 and @entity9234 totaled 54.2-88.0% and 53.6-89.0% of the dose administered, respectively. Plasma half-lives of @entity2892 and @entity9234 in the beta-phase were 0.87-1.05 hours and 0.59-0.95 hour, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of @entity2892 in @entity1 with @entity693 were 2.0-14.4 micrograms/ml; however, the penetration rate of the drug into the CSF was relatively poor in @entity1 with normal meninges. Clinical study Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 283 @entity1 . In 112 @entity1 the daily dosage ranged from 30/30 mg/kg to 59/59 mg/kg, and in 138 @entity1 it ranged from 60/60 mg/kg to 99/99 mg/kg. The maximum dose administered was 222/222 mg/kg. The drug was administered either 3 or 4 times per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% among 187 @entity1 with identified etiologic pathogens. The drug was effective in 3 out of 4 @entity1 with @entity693 and in 7 out of 10 @entity1 with @entity295 . The clinical efficacy rate was 96.7% in 90 @entity1 with @entity1729 ( @entity55 , @entity1997 , etc.), 96.5% in 57 @entity1 with @entity293 , 90.9% in 11 @entity1 with SSTI. The clinical efficacy rate in those with no identified etiologic pathogen was 97.0% among 101 @entity1 . Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for @entity794 was 87.9% of 33 isolates. Comprehensively, the eradication rate for Gram-positive bacteria was 94.7% of 75 isolates. The eradication rate for @entity796 was 87.5% of 8 isolates. Including these strains, the eradication rate for Gram-negative bacteria was 90.3% of 134 isolates. The @entity2892 / @entity9234 exhibited an eradication rate of 91.9% among a total of 211 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including anaerobes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with XXXX / @entity9234 in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for @entity2892 / @entity9234 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['MK-0791', 'cilastatin sodium']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['purulent meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity15644 :: ('1800', 'Gene') :: ['dehydropeptidase-I']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ( @entity2892 / @entity9234 ), a new @entity2893 antibiotic and a @entity15644 inhibitor, respectively, were carried out in a joint study in the pediatric field by a study group consisting of investigators at 16 institutions. The results were summarized below. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of @entity2892 / @entity9234 were 27.7-190.0/28.3-216.4 micrograms/ml at doses of 10/10-50/50 mg/kg administered by a 30 or 60-minute drip infusion. The above findings proved that dose response was clearly observed. Over a period of 6 or 7 hours, the urinary excretion of @entity2892 and @entity9234 totaled 54.2-88.0% and 53.6-89.0% of the dose administered, respectively. Plasma half-lives of @entity2892 and @entity9234 in the beta-phase were 0.87-1.05 hours and 0.59-0.95 hour, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of @entity2892 in @entity1 with @entity693 were 2.0-14.4 micrograms/ml; however, the penetration rate of the drug into the CSF was relatively poor in @entity1 with normal meninges. Clinical study Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 283 @entity1 . In 112 @entity1 the daily dosage ranged from 30/30 mg/kg to 59/59 mg/kg, and in 138 @entity1 it ranged from 60/60 mg/kg to 99/99 mg/kg. The maximum dose administered was 222/222 mg/kg. The drug was administered either 3 or 4 times per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% among 187 @entity1 with identified etiologic pathogens. The drug was effective in 3 out of 4 @entity1 with @entity693 and in 7 out of 10 @entity1 with @entity295 . The clinical efficacy rate was 96.7% in 90 @entity1 with @entity1729 ( @entity55 , @entity1997 , etc.), 96.5% in 57 @entity1 with @entity293 , 90.9% in 11 @entity1 with SSTI. The clinical efficacy rate in those with no identified etiologic pathogen was 97.0% among 101 @entity1 . Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for @entity794 was 87.9% of 33 isolates. Comprehensively, the eradication rate for Gram-positive bacteria was 94.7% of 75 isolates. The eradication rate for @entity796 was 87.5% of 8 isolates. Including these strains, the eradication rate for Gram-negative bacteria was 90.3% of 134 isolates. The @entity2892 / @entity9234 exhibited an eradication rate of 91.9% among a total of 211 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including anaerobes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with @entity2892 / @entity9234 in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for XXXX / @entity9234 ].

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['Imipenem']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ( @entity2892 / @entity9234 ), a new @entity2893 antibiotic and a @entity15644 inhibitor, respectively, were carried out in a joint study in the pediatric field by a study group consisting of investigators at 16 institutions. The results were summarized below. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of @entity2892 / @entity9234 were 27.7-190.0/28.3-216.4 micrograms/ml at doses of 10/10-50/50 mg/kg administered by a 30 or 60-minute drip infusion. The above findings proved that dose response was clearly observed. Over a period of 6 or 7 hours, the urinary excretion of @entity2892 and @entity9234 totaled 54.2-88.0% and 53.6-89.0% of the dose administered, respectively. Plasma half-lives of @entity2892 and @entity9234 in the beta-phase were 0.87-1.05 hours and 0.59-0.95 hour, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of @entity2892 in @entity1 with @entity693 were 2.0-14.4 micrograms/ml; however, the penetration rate of the drug into the CSF was relatively poor in @entity1 with normal meninges. Clinical study Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 283 @entity1 . In 112 @entity1 the daily dosage ranged from 30/30 mg/kg to 59/59 mg/kg, and in 138 @entity1 it ranged from 60/60 mg/kg to 99/99 mg/kg. The maximum dose administered was 222/222 mg/kg. The drug was administered either 3 or 4 times per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% among 187 @entity1 with identified etiologic pathogens. The drug was effective in 3 out of 4 @entity1 with @entity693 and in 7 out of 10 @entity1 with @entity295 . The clinical efficacy rate was 96.7% in 90 @entity1 with @entity1729 ( @entity55 , @entity1997 , etc.), 96.5% in 57 @entity1 with @entity293 , 90.9% in 11 @entity1 with SSTI. The clinical efficacy rate in those with no identified etiologic pathogen was 97.0% among 101 @entity1 . Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for @entity794 was 87.9% of 33 isolates. Comprehensively, the eradication rate for Gram-positive bacteria was 94.7% of 75 isolates. The eradication rate for @entity796 was 87.5% of 8 isolates. Including these strains, the eradication rate for Gram-negative bacteria was 90.3% of 134 isolates. The @entity2892 / @entity9234 exhibited an eradication rate of 91.9% among a total of 211 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including anaerobes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with @entity2892 / XXXX in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for @entity2892 / @entity9234 ].

answer: @entity9234 :: (MESH:D015377,Chemical) :: ['cilastatin sodium']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ( @entity2892 / @entity9234 ), a new @entity2893 antibiotic and a @entity15644 inhibitor, respectively, were carried out in a joint study in the pediatric field by a study group consisting of investigators at 16 institutions. The results were summarized below. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of @entity2892 / @entity9234 were 27.7-190.0/28.3-216.4 micrograms/ml at doses of 10/10-50/50 mg/kg administered by a 30 or 60-minute drip infusion. The above findings proved that dose response was clearly observed. Over a period of 6 or 7 hours, the urinary excretion of @entity2892 and @entity9234 totaled 54.2-88.0% and 53.6-89.0% of the dose administered, respectively. Plasma half-lives of @entity2892 and @entity9234 in the beta-phase were 0.87-1.05 hours and 0.59-0.95 hour, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of @entity2892 in @entity1 with @entity693 were 2.0-14.4 micrograms/ml; however, the penetration rate of the drug into the CSF was relatively poor in @entity1 with normal meninges. Clinical study Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 283 @entity1 . In 112 @entity1 the daily dosage ranged from 30/30 mg/kg to 59/59 mg/kg, and in 138 @entity1 it ranged from 60/60 mg/kg to 99/99 mg/kg. The maximum dose administered was 222/222 mg/kg. The drug was administered either 3 or 4 times per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% among 187 @entity1 with identified etiologic pathogens. The drug was effective in 3 out of 4 @entity1 with @entity693 and in 7 out of 10 @entity1 with @entity295 . The clinical efficacy rate was 96.7% in 90 @entity1 with @entity1729 ( @entity55 , @entity1997 , etc.), 96.5% in 57 @entity1 with @entity293 , 90.9% in 11 @entity1 with SSTI. The clinical efficacy rate in those with no identified etiologic pathogen was 97.0% among 101 @entity1 . Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for @entity794 was 87.9% of 33 isolates. Comprehensively, the eradication rate for Gram-positive bacteria was 94.7% of 75 isolates. The eradication rate for @entity796 was 87.5% of 8 isolates. Including these strains, the eradication rate for Gram-negative bacteria was 90.3% of 134 isolates. The @entity2892 / @entity9234 exhibited an eradication rate of 91.9% among a total of 211 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including anaerobes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with @entity2892 / @entity9234 in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for @entity2892 / XXXX ].

answer: @entity9234 :: (MESH:D015377,Chemical) :: ['Cilastatin Sodium']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity391 and @entity4265 . Since she was 25 years old, she had been sick with @entity4786 . Systemic @entity4786 with caf  -au-lait spots, blood @entity101 and @entity925 on the right hypochondrium were found. Ultrasonic examination revealed a right adrenal mass. Levels of serum @entity2661 were elevated. She developed ileus and died of shock from the release of adrenal catecholamines. Postmortem examination showed right @entity1911 . The @entity5 measured 11.5 X 8 cm and weighed 25 gm. @entity1264 associated with @entity1911 is very rare, and only 24 cases have been reported in Japan. We present our case here with a review of the literature.

title: [von XXXX associated with @entity1911 --an autopsy case report and review of 24 cases in the Japanese literature].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["Von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hypochondralgia']

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['Recklinghausen's disease']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity391 and @entity4265 . Since she was 25 years old, she had been sick with @entity4786 . Systemic @entity4786 with caf  -au-lait spots, blood @entity101 and @entity925 on the right hypochondrium were found. Ultrasonic examination revealed a right adrenal mass. Levels of serum @entity2661 were elevated. She developed ileus and died of shock from the release of adrenal catecholamines. Postmortem examination showed right @entity1911 . The @entity5 measured 11.5 X 8 cm and weighed 25 gm. @entity1264 associated with @entity1911 is very rare, and only 24 cases have been reported in Japan. We present our case here with a review of the literature.

title: [von @entity1264 associated with XXXX --an autopsy case report and review of 24 cases in the Japanese literature].

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: When exposed to @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ), an inhibitor of @entity4664 biosynthesis, @entity3569 ovary cells become increasingly sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of elevated temperatures (D.J.M. Fuller and E.W. Gerner, @entity5 Res., 42:5046-5049, 1982). This sensitization becomes marked at times greater than 24 h after drug removal, and by 48 h, @entity4664 -depleted cells that have been exposed to 43 degrees C for 90 min have clonogenic survival values more than two orders of magnitude lower than control populations. Dose response studies demonstrate that, when measured 36 h after removal of the drug, hyperthermic @entity137 is maximally potentiated by exposure to DFMO for times as short as 2 to 4 h. A drug concentration of 1 mM for 8 h also elicits maximal response. An additional 8-h drug treatment 24 h after the first fails to further reduce survival in response to heat shock, suggesting the effects of the first exposure are persistent. Intracellular @entity7224 pools are depleted by the drug within 8 h, and @entity11667 levels continue to decline for up to 50 h. Consistent with these observations, @entity7222 decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity is found to be reduced for up to 48 h after drug removal. The concomitant depression of @entity11667 is reflected in the elevation of @entity7726 decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), which is substrate limited. @entity7224 and @entity11667 show no sign of reaccumulation until approximately 4 days after DFMO exposure. Exposure to exogenous @entity7224 reversed the sensitization to heat shock induced by DFMO. This effect is quite specific for @entity7224 ( @entity7224 ) and is not replicated by other @entity7228 homologues ranging from @entity7225 to @entity70980 . @entity4664 -depleted cells express thermotolerance with kinetics similar to control cells although overall survival levels are lower. These results suggest that the mechanism of induction and expression of thermotolerance is independent of the role of acid-soluble @entity4664 pools in cellular responses to heat shock.

title: Sensitization of XXXX ovary cells to heat shock by @entity11747 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7225 :: ('MESH:C009475', 'Chemical') :: ['1.3-diaminopropane']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['Putrescine', '1.4-diaminobutane', 'putrescine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity7228 :: ('CHEBI:15571', 'Chemical') :: ['diamine']

entities_list: @entity70980 :: ('MESH:C008697', 'Chemical') :: ['1.8-diaminooctane']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamine', 'polyamine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine', 'DFMO']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: When exposed to @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ), an inhibitor of @entity4664 biosynthesis, @entity3569 ovary cells become increasingly sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of elevated temperatures (D.J.M. Fuller and E.W. Gerner, @entity5 Res., 42:5046-5049, 1982). This sensitization becomes marked at times greater than 24 h after drug removal, and by 48 h, @entity4664 -depleted cells that have been exposed to 43 degrees C for 90 min have clonogenic survival values more than two orders of magnitude lower than control populations. Dose response studies demonstrate that, when measured 36 h after removal of the drug, hyperthermic @entity137 is maximally potentiated by exposure to DFMO for times as short as 2 to 4 h. A drug concentration of 1 mM for 8 h also elicits maximal response. An additional 8-h drug treatment 24 h after the first fails to further reduce survival in response to heat shock, suggesting the effects of the first exposure are persistent. Intracellular @entity7224 pools are depleted by the drug within 8 h, and @entity11667 levels continue to decline for up to 50 h. Consistent with these observations, @entity7222 decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity is found to be reduced for up to 48 h after drug removal. The concomitant depression of @entity11667 is reflected in the elevation of @entity7726 decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), which is substrate limited. @entity7224 and @entity11667 show no sign of reaccumulation until approximately 4 days after DFMO exposure. Exposure to exogenous @entity7224 reversed the sensitization to heat shock induced by DFMO. This effect is quite specific for @entity7224 ( @entity7224 ) and is not replicated by other @entity7228 homologues ranging from @entity7225 to @entity70980 . @entity4664 -depleted cells express thermotolerance with kinetics similar to control cells although overall survival levels are lower. These results suggest that the mechanism of induction and expression of thermotolerance is independent of the role of acid-soluble @entity4664 pools in cellular responses to heat shock.

title: Sensitization of @entity3569 ovary cells to heat shock by XXXX .

answer: @entity11747 :: (CHEBI:41948,Chemical) :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine']


abstract: The mechanisms of insulin insensitivity in @entity6 are poorly understood. We have therefore assessed the relationship between @entity413 disposal during a euglycaemic clamp, muscle glycogen formation, and the activities of insulin regulated enzymes within skeletal muscle in five Type 1 (insulin-dependent) @entity6 @entity1 , both on conventional injection therapy ( @entity4051 11.0 +/- 1.0 (SD) %) and after 6 weeks continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( @entity4051 7.6 +/- 1.4%, p less than 0.01). On both regimens, overnight euglycaemia before the clamp was maintained with an intravenous insulin infusion. The increase in clamp @entity413 requirements (insulin 0.1 U X kg-1 X h-1) between injection therapy and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was significant (6.2 +/- 0.9 (SE) to 7.0 +/- 0.9 mg X kg-1 X min-1, p less than 0.05), but small compared to differences between subjects. @entity413 requirement remained lower than in control subjects (10.4 +/- 0.7 mg X kg-1 X min-1, p less than 0.05). The increase in muscle glycogen with the clamp was slightly higher on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (9.5 +/- 2.5 mg/g protein) than on injection therapy (8.5 +/- 2.4 mg/g, p less than 0.05), but less than in control subjects (17.9 +/- 2.1 mg/g, p less than 0.05). The expressed activity of glycogen synthase and @entity2388 dehydrogenase increased significantly between fasting and the end of the clamps in the @entity1 (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.005), but was not significantly different between the two treatment regimens. Expressed glycogen synthase activity at the end of the clamp was lower on both treatments than in control subjects (p less than 0.05). Both enzyme activities were, however, highly correlated with @entity413 requirement between @entity1 , (r = 0.89-0.94, p less than 0.05-0.02), and glycogen synthase was similarly correlated in the control subjects (r = 0.84, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Muscle enzyme activity and insulin sensitivity in type 1 (insulin-dependent) XXXX mellitus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Eight cases of @entity1 @entity2721 were transplanted to @entity19 . After such transplants to @entity19 which are immunologically deficient, the @entity5 developed like @entity5 , but maintaining malignant cytological characteristics. The transplants of normal @entity1 tissues or of @entity5 decreased in size or remained stable. The technique allowed a change of an original diagnosis of @entity421 to a final diagnosis of @entity511 . It made it possible to diagnose a @entity13626 , the diagnosis of which was doubtful before the transplant between @entity421 and @entity84 . It was possible to diagnose the malignancy of a haemangiopericytoma of muscle. Two aggressive @entity5 --a non-ossifying @entity81 and @entity5 --were rated as benign after transplantation. This technique also allowed a more precise diagnosis of the grade of one @entity511 . Finally, transplantation also made it possible to test the efficacy of chemotherapy. In a @entity1 so treated, the extreme cell proliferation after transplantation to the nude @entity19 led to a change in the drugs administered.

title: [Microsurgical transplantation of bone tumors of uncertain prognosis in athymic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcoma and one osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['benign osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['a giant-cell tumour', 'malignant tumors', 'tumours', 'benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bone or soft tissue tumours']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: Segments of @entity35 aortic arch were studied to determine the existence of sexual dimorphism. The influence of the endothelium in mediating gender differences in contractility (maximum tension, Tmax) and sensitivity (ED50) to @entity3774 was measured. This was done in both intact and denuded @entity455 preparations which were dissected from adult male and female @entity35 . Group I comprised untreated male and female @entity35 ; Groups II and III were treated with @entity251 (10 mg/kg i.m.) or @entity53 (2.5 mg/kg i.m.), respectively, on days 1, 3 and 6 and sacrificed on day 7. Intact @entity455 preparations from untreated females were significantly less sensitive (P less than .01) and less contractile (P less than .025) than those from the males. After the intimal surface of the aortic arch rings was rubbed the rings from females exhibited a significant increase in Tmax. However, in vessels from males endothelial denudation had no effect on either Tmax or ED50. @entity251 treatment of female @entity35 significantly increased Tmax (P less than .01) and decreased the ED50 (P less than .01) when compared to rings from untreated females. @entity251 treatment did not significantly affect either parameter in vessels from females which had been rubbed. @entity251 treatment also had no significant effect in either intact or rubbed vessels from males. @entity172 treatment significantly increased the Tmax (P less than .05) of intact vessels from females and had no effect on other vessel segments. Thus, the gender difference in Tmax may relate to an attenuating effect of the endothelium on contractility in the rings from females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endothelium-dependent gender differences in the response of the XXXX aorta.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']