abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the clinicopathologic characteristics and the recurrence pattern of @entity356 and to define survival difference according to treatment modality after diagnosis of recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4184 @entity1 who had undergone radical surgery for primary @entity356 from 1986 through 1996. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed for the relationship of each factor with the pattern of recurrence. And the survival after diagnosis of recurrence was compared among the treatment modalities. RESULTS: Recurrence pattern was confirmed in 1141 @entity1 . Loco-regional recurrence occurred in 291 @entity1 (20.1%), peritoneal recurrence in 383 (26.5%), distant recurrence in 290 (20.1%), and mixed recurrence in 177 (12.3%), respectively. Early recurrence (less than 2 years) occurred in 767 (69.3%), intermediate recurrence (2~5 years) in 286 (25.8%), and late recurrence (more than 5 years) in 54 (4.9%). In multivariate analysis, T stage, N stage, size of @entity5 and perineural invasion were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. Median survival from diagnosis of recurrence was 24.2 months in the curative operation group, 7.7 months in the chemotherapy group, 7.1 months in the non-curative operation group and 3.3 months in the conservative treatment group, respectively (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The clinicopathological analysis of recurrent @entity356 showed recurrent patterns and prognostic factors. Curative resection is suggested to have survival benefit in recurrent @entity356 @entity1 , although it was possible in @entity1 with limited extent of disease.

title: A Clinicopathological Analysis of Recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity788 , ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were @entity158 with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity136 on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). @entity4181 was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and @entity4181 were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and @entity4181 were administered repeatedly. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all @entity1 . The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable @entity1 and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve @entity1 (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 occurred in 30.4% of @entity1 , @entity390 / @entity391 in 8.3%, @entity294 in 4.3%, and @entity33 in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced @entity788 . Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

title: Phase II Trial of @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity788 , ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were @entity158 with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity136 on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). @entity4181 was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and @entity4181 were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and @entity4181 were administered repeatedly. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all @entity1 . The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable @entity1 and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve @entity1 (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 occurred in 30.4% of @entity1 , @entity390 / @entity391 in 8.3%, @entity294 in 4.3%, and @entity33 in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced @entity788 . Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

title: Phase II Trial of @entity136 , UFT-E, XXXX Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced @entity788 .

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['Leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity788 , ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were @entity158 with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity136 on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). @entity4181 was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and @entity4181 were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and @entity4181 were administered repeatedly. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all @entity1 . The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable @entity1 and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve @entity1 (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 occurred in 30.4% of @entity1 , @entity390 / @entity391 in 8.3%, @entity294 in 4.3%, and @entity33 in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced @entity788 . Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

title: Phase II Trial of XXXX , UFT-E, @entity4181 Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced @entity788 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity151 ( @entity151 ) has a poor prognosis, and current salvage chemotherapy for refractory @entity151 , such as @entity3895 ( @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 ) or @entity1945 , has an unsatisfactory outcome, with a response rate and overall survival of less than 10% and 6 months, respectively. This phase II study evaluated the role of @entity1945 combined with @entity2879 in @entity151 @entity1 that have progressed, or relapsed, within 3 months following completion of the initial chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were entered into this study. Eligible @entity1 had an ECOG performance status of less than, or equal to, 2, at least one bidimensionally measurable lesion and adequate end organ function. IV @entity1945 , 1.0 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days, and @entity2879 , 100 mg/m2/d through days 1 to 3, were administered every 3 weeks until disease progression or undue @entity137 . RESULTS: The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. Grade 3/4 @entity417 , @entity3028 , and thrombocy-topenia occurred in 14.2, 34.8, and 27.3% of cycles, respectively. There was no treatment-related @entity204 , and other non-hematologic @entity137 were generally mild. Four @entity1 achieved partial responses, with a response rate RR of 14.8%. The progression-free survival PFS ranged from 1 to 7 months, with a median of 2.0 months (95% confidence interval 1.22~2.78 months). Twenty-five @entity1 died, with a median overall survival of 5.5 months (ranging from 1 to 21 months, 95% CI 4.32~6.68 months), and the 6-month survival rate was 32.1% (95% confidence interval 14.4~49.8%). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1945 and @entity2879 chemotherapy showed a modest response rate, but failed to prolong survival of refractory @entity151 @entity1 compared to @entity1945 monotherapy.

title: Phase II Study of @entity1945 and XXXX as Second-line Treatment in Chemotherapy-refractory Small-cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['Refractory small-cell lung cancer', 'SCLC']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity151 ( @entity151 ) has a poor prognosis, and current salvage chemotherapy for refractory @entity151 , such as @entity3895 ( @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 ) or @entity1945 , has an unsatisfactory outcome, with a response rate and overall survival of less than 10% and 6 months, respectively. This phase II study evaluated the role of @entity1945 combined with @entity2879 in @entity151 @entity1 that have progressed, or relapsed, within 3 months following completion of the initial chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were entered into this study. Eligible @entity1 had an ECOG performance status of less than, or equal to, 2, at least one bidimensionally measurable lesion and adequate end organ function. IV @entity1945 , 1.0 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days, and @entity2879 , 100 mg/m2/d through days 1 to 3, were administered every 3 weeks until disease progression or undue @entity137 . RESULTS: The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. Grade 3/4 @entity417 , @entity3028 , and thrombocy-topenia occurred in 14.2, 34.8, and 27.3% of cycles, respectively. There was no treatment-related @entity204 , and other non-hematologic @entity137 were generally mild. Four @entity1 achieved partial responses, with a response rate RR of 14.8%. The progression-free survival PFS ranged from 1 to 7 months, with a median of 2.0 months (95% confidence interval 1.22~2.78 months). Twenty-five @entity1 died, with a median overall survival of 5.5 months (ranging from 1 to 21 months, 95% CI 4.32~6.68 months), and the 6-month survival rate was 32.1% (95% confidence interval 14.4~49.8%). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1945 and @entity2879 chemotherapy showed a modest response rate, but failed to prolong survival of refractory @entity151 @entity1 compared to @entity1945 monotherapy.

title: Phase II Study of XXXX and @entity2879 as Second-line Treatment in Chemotherapy-refractory Small-cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['Topotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the patterns of failure and prognostic factors affecting the local control and survivals in @entity5 treated with definitive radiotherapy, and to find the most effective treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 , with primary @entity5 of the anal canal, were treated using radiotherapy, both with and without @entity1487 based concurrent chemotherapy. According to the AJCC @entity5 stage, six @entity1 hadwere stage I, 11 had stage II, 2 had stage IIIA, and 11 had stage IIIB @entity5 . The median radiation dose was 45 Gy (30-72 Gy), and with 23 @entity1 receivinged concurrent chemotherapy ( @entity1487 and @entity1138 in 12 @entity1 , @entity1487 and @entity900 in 7, and other drugs in 4). The Mmedian follow up period was 43 months, (ranginge, from 8- to 99 months). RESULTS: Among the 1630 @entity1 who16 were treated without surgical resection beforeprior to the radiotherapy, and a complete remission was observed in 12 @entity1 (75%), a partial remission in 3 (19%), and a local progression in the other one @entity1 . The @entity177 , including persistent disease, were observed in 10 (33%), and the @entity1 with higher T-stages (T3-4) had higher rates of local failure rates (T1-2, 21% vs. T3-4, 72%, p=0.03). Distant @entity3 were found in 4 @entity1 (13%). The five year survival and disease free survival rates were 64% and 53%, respectively. The factors which affectinged the 5 year local relapse free survival were T-stage (74.9% in T1-2 vs. 28.6% in T3-4, p=0.01), and the existence of a gross @entity5 beforeprior to radiotherapy (84.6%, no residual vs. 45.1% with residual, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: A Llocal recurrence was the major failure pattern in @entity5 , and the factors affecting a local failure were the T-stage and @entity5 volume beforeprior to radiotherapy. A Rradiation dose around 45 Gy was sufficient to control @entity5 of the @entity5 , but a higher dose should be considered for with more @entity1442 .

title: Patterns of Failure and Prognostic Factors in XXXX Treated with Radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anal cancers', 'earlier T stage tumors', 'cancers', 'anal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Llocal failures']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Anal Cancer']


abstract: In the isolated @entity235 heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary outflow and myocardial @entity26 consumption, an infusion of @entity72919 of 1 mg/min produced an increase in coronary outflow of 120.0% and a decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption of 11.0% at a cumulative dose of 28.0 +/- 3.8 mg, resulting in an increase in efficiency of 22.4%. At a total dose of 40 mg, the corresponding figures were +181.0%, -15.0% and +38.0% respectively. No change in heart rate was observed. An infusion of @entity1169 of 1 mg/min, on the other hand, was characterized by decreases in myocardial contractility and heart rate starting with cumulative doses of 20 mg and 40 mg respectively. At a cumulative dose of 62.9 +/- 3.0 mg a marked degree of @entity712 occurred (peak failure) characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (-53.3%), dp/dt (-50.8%), heart rate (-18.5%) and myocardial @entity26 consumption (-25.5%). In a separate series exposed to the same infusion of @entity1169 but in which the decrease in heart rate was prevented by pacing, identical changes were observed except that myocardial @entity26 consumption decreased only by 7.7%. It may be concluded from this study that @entity72919 , in confirmation of reports by other investigators, increases coronary outflow markedly. @entity72919 decreases myocardial @entity26 consumption by a direct effect on myocardial metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which are known to influence myocardial @entity26 consumption such as heart rate. @entity1169 has no effect on myocardial @entity26 consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces @entity712 and a decrease in heart rate. The decrease in heart rate following @entity1169 bears a close relationship to the decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption.

title: The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of XXXX and @entity1169 on the isolated @entity235 heart.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity72919 :: ('MESH:D002866', 'Chemical') :: ['carbochromen', 'Carbochromen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity72919 :: (MESH:D002866,Chemical) :: ['carbochromen']


abstract: In the isolated @entity235 heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary outflow and myocardial @entity26 consumption, an infusion of @entity72919 of 1 mg/min produced an increase in coronary outflow of 120.0% and a decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption of 11.0% at a cumulative dose of 28.0 +/- 3.8 mg, resulting in an increase in efficiency of 22.4%. At a total dose of 40 mg, the corresponding figures were +181.0%, -15.0% and +38.0% respectively. No change in heart rate was observed. An infusion of @entity1169 of 1 mg/min, on the other hand, was characterized by decreases in myocardial contractility and heart rate starting with cumulative doses of 20 mg and 40 mg respectively. At a cumulative dose of 62.9 +/- 3.0 mg a marked degree of @entity712 occurred (peak failure) characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (-53.3%), dp/dt (-50.8%), heart rate (-18.5%) and myocardial @entity26 consumption (-25.5%). In a separate series exposed to the same infusion of @entity1169 but in which the decrease in heart rate was prevented by pacing, identical changes were observed except that myocardial @entity26 consumption decreased only by 7.7%. It may be concluded from this study that @entity72919 , in confirmation of reports by other investigators, increases coronary outflow markedly. @entity72919 decreases myocardial @entity26 consumption by a direct effect on myocardial metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which are known to influence myocardial @entity26 consumption such as heart rate. @entity1169 has no effect on myocardial @entity26 consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces @entity712 and a decrease in heart rate. The decrease in heart rate following @entity1169 bears a close relationship to the decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption.

title: The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity72919 and XXXX on the isolated @entity235 heart.

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: In the isolated @entity235 heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary outflow and myocardial @entity26 consumption, an infusion of @entity72919 of 1 mg/min produced an increase in coronary outflow of 120.0% and a decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption of 11.0% at a cumulative dose of 28.0 +/- 3.8 mg, resulting in an increase in efficiency of 22.4%. At a total dose of 40 mg, the corresponding figures were +181.0%, -15.0% and +38.0% respectively. No change in heart rate was observed. An infusion of @entity1169 of 1 mg/min, on the other hand, was characterized by decreases in myocardial contractility and heart rate starting with cumulative doses of 20 mg and 40 mg respectively. At a cumulative dose of 62.9 +/- 3.0 mg a marked degree of @entity712 occurred (peak failure) characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (-53.3%), dp/dt (-50.8%), heart rate (-18.5%) and myocardial @entity26 consumption (-25.5%). In a separate series exposed to the same infusion of @entity1169 but in which the decrease in heart rate was prevented by pacing, identical changes were observed except that myocardial @entity26 consumption decreased only by 7.7%. It may be concluded from this study that @entity72919 , in confirmation of reports by other investigators, increases coronary outflow markedly. @entity72919 decreases myocardial @entity26 consumption by a direct effect on myocardial metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which are known to influence myocardial @entity26 consumption such as heart rate. @entity1169 has no effect on myocardial @entity26 consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces @entity712 and a decrease in heart rate. The decrease in heart rate following @entity1169 bears a close relationship to the decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption.

title: The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity72919 and @entity1169 on the isolated XXXX heart.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: AIMS: The study investigated whether @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) and/or @entity28 had higher job strain than @entity1 without it, and whether social support at work modifies this association. METHODS: The study included 35,160 individuals (25-64 years of age) from the Stockholm Public Health Surveys of 2006 and 2010. Data on @entity717 and @entity28 (BMI     30 kg/m(2) calculated from weight (kg) and height (m)) were self-reported. According to the Demand-Control-Support theory job strain, collective strain, and isolated strain were calculated for six groups of @entity1 based on the presence of @entity717 and @entity28 , using the subtraction approach (demand minus control). Differences in job strain mean scores were estimated by multivariate linear regression. Social support at work was analyzed as a potential effect modifier (high/low). RESULTS: Obese @entity1 with @entity717 had the highest job strain (b = 0.92, 95% CI 0.64-1.19), compared to normal weight @entity1 without @entity717 (reference group). We found that social support at work significantly (p<0.001) modifies the association between job strain, @entity717 and @entity28 . Obese @entity1 with @entity717 had the highest isolated @entity9879 .92, 95% CI 2.52-3.31), and the highest collective strain, although of smaller magnitude (b = 0.34, 95% CI 0.05-0.63), compared to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity1 with @entity717 perceive higher job strain than non-disabled @entity1 of normal weight. Strategies aiming to increase the social support at work may be important for this group of @entity1 to prevent them from experiencing unhealthy job strain.

title: The association of XXXX , weight status and job strain: A cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mobility disability', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['mobility disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A DNA prime, poxvirus (COPAK) boost vaccination regime with four antigens, i.e. a combination of two @entity31365 sporozoite (csp/ssp2) and two blood stage (ama1/msp142) genes, leads to self-limited parasitaemia in 60% of @entity2608 and survival from an otherwise lethal @entity281 with @entity31365 . In the present study, the role of the blood stage antigens in protection was studied in depth, focusing on antibody formation against the blood stage antigens and the functionality thereof. METHODS: @entity2608 were immunized with the four-component vaccine and subsequently challenged i.v. with 100 @entity31365 sporozoites. During immunization and challenge, antibody titres against the two blood stage antigens were determined, as well as the in vitro growth inhibition capacity of those antibodies. Antigen reversal experiments were performed to determine the relative contribution of antibodies against each of the two blood stage antigens to the inhibition. RESULTS: After vaccination, PkAMA1 and PkMSP1       antibody titres in vaccinated animals were low, which was reflected in low levels of inhibition by these antibodies as determined by in vitro inhibition assays. Interestingly, after sporozoite challenge antibody titres against blood stage antigens were boosted over 30-fold in both protected and not protected animals. The in vitro inhibition levels increased to high levels (median inhibitions of 59% and 56% at 6 mg/mL total IgG, respectively). As growth inhibition levels were not significantly different between protected and not protected animals, the ability to control @entity281 appeared cannot be explained by GIA levels. Judged by in vitro antigen reversal growth inhibition assays, over 85% of the inhibitory activity of these antibodies was directed against PkAMA1. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that demonstrates that a DNA prime/poxvirus boost vaccination regimen induces low levels of @entity311 parasite growth inhibitory antibodies, which are boosted to high levels upon challenge. No association could, however, be established between the levels of inhibitory capacity in vitro and protection, either after vaccination or after challenge.

title: XXXX by sporozoite challenge induces high functional antibody titres against blood stage antigens after a DNA prime, poxvirus boost vaccination strategy in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus macaques', 'rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity31365 :: ('5850', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium knowlesi', 'P. knowlesi']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Malaria infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A DNA prime, poxvirus (COPAK) boost vaccination regime with four antigens, i.e. a combination of two @entity31365 sporozoite (csp/ssp2) and two blood stage (ama1/msp142) genes, leads to self-limited parasitaemia in 60% of @entity2608 and survival from an otherwise lethal @entity281 with @entity31365 . In the present study, the role of the blood stage antigens in protection was studied in depth, focusing on antibody formation against the blood stage antigens and the functionality thereof. METHODS: @entity2608 were immunized with the four-component vaccine and subsequently challenged i.v. with 100 @entity31365 sporozoites. During immunization and challenge, antibody titres against the two blood stage antigens were determined, as well as the in vitro growth inhibition capacity of those antibodies. Antigen reversal experiments were performed to determine the relative contribution of antibodies against each of the two blood stage antigens to the inhibition. RESULTS: After vaccination, PkAMA1 and PkMSP1       antibody titres in vaccinated animals were low, which was reflected in low levels of inhibition by these antibodies as determined by in vitro inhibition assays. Interestingly, after sporozoite challenge antibody titres against blood stage antigens were boosted over 30-fold in both protected and not protected animals. The in vitro inhibition levels increased to high levels (median inhibitions of 59% and 56% at 6 mg/mL total IgG, respectively). As growth inhibition levels were not significantly different between protected and not protected animals, the ability to control @entity281 appeared cannot be explained by GIA levels. Judged by in vitro antigen reversal growth inhibition assays, over 85% of the inhibitory activity of these antibodies was directed against PkAMA1. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that demonstrates that a DNA prime/poxvirus boost vaccination regimen induces low levels of @entity311 parasite growth inhibitory antibodies, which are boosted to high levels upon challenge. No association could, however, be established between the levels of inhibitory capacity in vitro and protection, either after vaccination or after challenge.

title: @entity281 by sporozoite challenge induces high functional antibody titres against blood stage antigens after a DNA prime, poxvirus boost vaccination strategy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Rhesus macaques']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment experience of IgG4-related @entity358 for the sake of improving clinical understanding of this disease and reducing the misdiagnosis and mistreatment rates. METHODS: To analyze the general situation, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, histopathology, therapy and prognosis of 2 patients with IgG4-related @entity358 , who were admitted in the department of @entity1576 at Changhai Hospital. Publications related to @entity358 were reviewed. RESULTS: Both @entity1 were male with elevated serum IgG4 level (2.25 g/L and 10 g/L respectively). In one @entity1 , radiologic finding showed solid nodules in the lung with ileocecal involvement. He responded well to glucocorticoid. The other @entity1 's computed tomography of lung demonstrated bronchovascular type. Glucocorticoid therapy was effective to both @entity1 . A total of 69 cases with IgG4-related @entity358 were reported worldwide, among whom 39 cases were admitted with chief complaints of respiratory symptoms. However, there were 41 cases suffering extra-pulmonary involvement. Serum IgG4 levels detected in 48 cases were significantly elevated (307-52 500 mg/L). The radiographic pattern of solid nodule type was the most frequent, accounting for 50.7% (35 cases). A total of 31 (44.9%) @entity1 received glucocorticoid therapy with good response and prognosis. CONCLUSION: IgG4-related @entity358 is a rare @entity1200 lack of specific symptoms. Serum immunological examination, radiographic characteristics and histopathology should be comprehensively considered for diagnosis. Glucocorticoid is so far the most acceptable therapy with good response rate.

title: [IgG4-related XXXX :a clinical analysis and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'IgG4 lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical and muscular pathological features of statin-induced @entity121 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled in this study, who were diagnosed as statin-induced @entity121 by muscle biopsy in Peking University First Hospital from April, 2012 to October, 2014. The clinical data and pathological findings were analyzed. RESULTS: The exposure time to statins varied from 4 days to 4 years in the total of 9 @entity1 , 6 males and 3 females, with the average age of 63    6 (55 to 74) years old. Three @entity1 suffered from @entity925 and 6 @entity1 complained of weakness mainly at the proximal limbs, while no symptoms occured in 3 patients. Serum @entity908 kinase (CK) increased in all @entity1 with the maximum value varied from 468 to 8 000 U/L. Serum @entity5442 antibodies were tested in 7 @entity1 and all were negative. Electromyogram was performed in six @entity1 with @entity16 found in 2 @entity1 . MRI of bilateral thigh muscle was carried out in six @entity1 with @entity4 and mild @entity1560 found in 2 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent skeletal muscle biopsy with histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. The main muscular pathological features were muscle fiber @entity194 , @entity39 , regeneration and increased lipid droplets. Ragged blue fiber, cytochrome C oxidase-negative muscle fibers and decreased @entity2125 activity were observed in some @entity1 . MHC-I expressed in the sarcolemma of muscle fibers at various levels. Mild C5b-9 staining was found in the endomysium, capillary and cytoplasm. Symptoms and the level of CK were improved in 7 @entity1 after discontinuing @entity6817 or changing to another statin, while the immunosuppressive therapy were used in 2 @entity1 and shown to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6817 induced @entity121 is self-limiting in most @entity1 , with improvement after discontinuation of statins. Few @entity1 with @entity39 need immunosuppressive therapy.

title: [The clinical and muscular pathological features of statin-induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'autoimmune necrotic myopathy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['myogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['muscle edema']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The bond strength of the composite to the bleached enamel plays a very important role in the success and longevity of an aesthetic restoration. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effect of Aloe Vera with 10% @entity620 on the Shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached @entity1 enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty freshly extracted @entity1 maxillary central incisors were selected and divided into 5 groups. Group I and V are unbleached and bleached controls groups respectively. Group II, III, IV served as experimental groups. The labial surfaces of groups II, III, IV, V were treated with 35% @entity12946 for 30mins. Group II specimens were subjected to delayed composite bonding. Group III and IV specimens were subjected to application of 10% @entity620 and leaf extract of Aloe Vera following the @entity12946 bleaching respectively. Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength using universal testing machine and the results were statistically analysed using ANOVA test. Tukey (HSD) Honest Significant Difference test was used to comparatively analyse statistical differences between the groups. A p-value <0.05 is taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strength values of Group V showed significantly lower bond strengths than Groups I, II, III, IV (p-value <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength values of groups I, II, III, IV. CONCLUSION: Treatment of the bleached enamel surface with Aloe Vera and 10% @entity620 provided consistently better bond strength. Aloe Vera may be used as an alternative to 10% @entity620 .

title: Effect of Different Anti-Oxidants on Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resins to Bleached XXXX Enamel.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium Ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity12946 :: ('MESH:C009096', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamide Peroxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Optical measurements of the pigments of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and choroid were made on 38 @entity1 @entity735 and whites, varying in age between 2 wk and 90 yr old. Lipofuscin in melanin-bleached @entity989 was measured as fluorescence at 470 mm following excitation at 365 nm and was found to be proportional to fluorescence measured at 560 nm in unbleached tissue. Transmission measurements of @entity989 and choroidal melanin were converted and expressed as optical density units. The choroidal melanin content increased from the periphery to the posterior pole. @entity989 melanin concentration decreased from the periphery to the posterior pole with an increase in the macula. Conversely, the amount of @entity989 lipofuscin increased from the periphery to the posterior pole with a consistent dip at the fovea. There was an inverse relationship between @entity989 lipofuscin concentration and @entity989 melanin concentration. The @entity989 melanin content was similar between whites and blacks. @entity6973 concentration was significantly greater (P = 0.002) in the @entity989 of whites compared to blacks; whereas blacks had a significantly greater (P = 0.005) choroidal melanin content than whites. The amounts of both choroidal and @entity989 melanin showed a trend of decreasing content with aging, whereas the amount @entity989 lipofuscin tended to increase (whites greater than blacks). Per fundus area, the amount of choroidal melanin was always greater than that in the @entity989 . There was a statistically significant (P = 0.001) increase in @entity989 height with age, most marked in eyes of whites after age 50 and correlated with the increase in @entity6973 concentration.

title: Retinal pigment epithelial lipofuscin and melanin and choroidal melanin in XXXX eyes.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['autopsy eyes of both blacks']

entities_list: @entity6973 :: ('MESH:D008062', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofuscin', 'Lipofuscin']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) in England recommended laparoscopic repair for recurrent and bilateral groin hernias in 2004. The aims of this survey were to evaluate the current practise of bilateral and recurrent @entity169 surgery in Scotland and surgeons' views on the perceived need for training in @entity169 ( @entity169 ). METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to Scottish consultant surgeons included in the Scottish Audit of Surgical Audit database 2007, asking about their current practice of primary, recurrent and @entity169 surgery. A response was considered valid if the surgeon performed groin @entity547 surgery; further analysis was based on this group. Those who did not offer @entity169 were asked to comment on the possible reasons, and also the perceived need for training in laparoscopic @entity547 surgery. Only valid responses were stored on Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and analysed with SPSS software version 13.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: Postal questionnaires were sent to 301 surgeons and the overall all response rate was 174/301 (57.8%). A valid response was received from 124 of 174 (71.2%) surgeons and analysed further. Open Lichtenstein's repair seems to be the most common @entity169 . Laparoscopic surgery was not performed for 26.6 and 31.5% of recurrent and @entity169 , respectively. About 15% of surgeons replied that an @entity169 service was not available in their base hospital. Lack of training, financial constraints, and insufficient evidence were thought to be the main reasons for low uptake of @entity169 . About 80% of respondents wished to attend hands-on training in @entity547 surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Current practice by Scottish surgeons showed that one in three surgeons did not offer @entity169 for bilateral and recurrent @entity169 as recommended by NICE. There is a clear need for training in @entity169 .

title: NICE guidance and current practise of recurrent and bilateral groin XXXX repair by Scottish surgeons.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia repair', 'LIHR', 'laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: Aim of the study is to observe clinical manifestations of @entity1776 ( @entity1776 ) treated with castellani solution. Twenty-four @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 49.7 years; range, 9-77 years) diagnosed with @entity1776 and treated with castellani solution were enrolled retrospectively. Topical treatment using castellani solution with or without curettage of a granular lesion and serial otoendoscopy-aided photographic documentation of the tympanic membrane were performed. Outpatient follow-up period ranged from 3 to 72 months and the mean follow-up period was 14.4 months. @entity1776 was classified into marginal/non-marginal type and ulcerative/polypoid subtype using a new scale. According to the scale used in this study, the marginal and ulcerative @entity1776 was the predominant type of @entity75 . Bacterial cultures of ear discharges from 19 @entity1 revealed Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and @entity11477 in 12, 5, and 1 @entity1 , respectively and no growth of bacteria in one @entity1 . Of 24 @entity1 , 23 showed complete resolution of @entity1776 after treatment with castellani solution. However, one @entity1 had a persistent, small, dry, deepithelialized lesion and eight others required more than 3 months for complete recovery owing to a persistent residual lesion. There was recurrence in two @entity1 but the lesion resolved after additional castellani treatment. Topical application of castellani solution is a simple and effective treatment for @entity1776 . This study suggests a potential of castellani solution for treatment of @entity1776 with a serial photographic documentation and novel classification scale for description of lesions. A sufficiently long follow-up period is essential to confirm a complete recovery of @entity1776 .

title: Clinical characteristics of XXXX treated with castellani solution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['GM lesion']

entities_list: @entity11477 :: ('588', 'Species') :: ['Providencia stuartii']

entities_list: @entity1776 :: ('MESH:D016586', 'Disease') :: ['granular myringitis', 'GM']

answer: @entity1776 :: (MESH:D016586,Disease) :: ['granular myringitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3168 is a significant cause of nosocomial AAD. The prevalence of @entity3168 enterotoxin ( @entity28925 )-positive stool specimens in hospitalised @entity1 is very low in the Indian setting making the diagnostics very expensive. Therefore, a cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity28925 was devised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Faecal specimens from 540 hospitalised @entity1 with various ailments and from 340 healthy subjects were investigated for @entity28925 . An aliquot of pooled faecal supernatants was made by mixing 100  l each of 10 specimens to be tested. Each aliquot was investigated for the presence of @entity28925 by an enzyme immunoassay. A repetition of the assay was done with individual specimens of the pooled aliquots from each positive well as seen visually by colour development. RESULTS: Of the 540 @entity1 specimens tested, 405 (75%) @entity1 were on antibiotics, the predominant ones being @entity2886 , @entity114 , @entity5176 , @entity581 , etc. During the time of sampling, @entity294 was present in 481 (89%), @entity158 in 203 (37.6%) and fever in 242 (44.8%) @entity1 . @entity3168 enterotoxin was positive in nine wells of the 540 pooled test specimens whereas all of the pooled 340 control samples were negative. Repeat of individual specimens comprising the nine wells with positive samples helped to identify the individual @entity1 positive for @entity28925 . CONCLUSION: Only two @entity28925 kits were needed for a total of 880 faecal specimens tested. The cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity28925 , as described herein will help to save institutional resources.

title: Cost-effective screening of pooled faecal specimens from @entity1 with nosocomial XXXX for @entity3168 enterotoxin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['abdomen pain']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3168 is a significant cause of nosocomial AAD. The prevalence of @entity3168 enterotoxin ( @entity28925 )-positive stool specimens in hospitalised @entity1 is very low in the Indian setting making the diagnostics very expensive. Therefore, a cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity28925 was devised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Faecal specimens from 540 hospitalised @entity1 with various ailments and from 340 healthy subjects were investigated for @entity28925 . An aliquot of pooled faecal supernatants was made by mixing 100  l each of 10 specimens to be tested. Each aliquot was investigated for the presence of @entity28925 by an enzyme immunoassay. A repetition of the assay was done with individual specimens of the pooled aliquots from each positive well as seen visually by colour development. RESULTS: Of the 540 @entity1 specimens tested, 405 (75%) @entity1 were on antibiotics, the predominant ones being @entity2886 , @entity114 , @entity5176 , @entity581 , etc. During the time of sampling, @entity294 was present in 481 (89%), @entity158 in 203 (37.6%) and fever in 242 (44.8%) @entity1 . @entity3168 enterotoxin was positive in nine wells of the 540 pooled test specimens whereas all of the pooled 340 control samples were negative. Repeat of individual specimens comprising the nine wells with positive samples helped to identify the individual @entity1 positive for @entity28925 . CONCLUSION: Only two @entity28925 kits were needed for a total of 880 faecal specimens tested. The cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity28925 , as described herein will help to save institutional resources.

title: Cost-effective screening of pooled faecal specimens from @entity1 with nosocomial @entity294 for XXXX enterotoxin.

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['Clostridium perfringens']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3168 is a significant cause of nosocomial AAD. The prevalence of @entity3168 enterotoxin ( @entity28925 )-positive stool specimens in hospitalised @entity1 is very low in the Indian setting making the diagnostics very expensive. Therefore, a cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity28925 was devised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Faecal specimens from 540 hospitalised @entity1 with various ailments and from 340 healthy subjects were investigated for @entity28925 . An aliquot of pooled faecal supernatants was made by mixing 100  l each of 10 specimens to be tested. Each aliquot was investigated for the presence of @entity28925 by an enzyme immunoassay. A repetition of the assay was done with individual specimens of the pooled aliquots from each positive well as seen visually by colour development. RESULTS: Of the 540 @entity1 specimens tested, 405 (75%) @entity1 were on antibiotics, the predominant ones being @entity2886 , @entity114 , @entity5176 , @entity581 , etc. During the time of sampling, @entity294 was present in 481 (89%), @entity158 in 203 (37.6%) and fever in 242 (44.8%) @entity1 . @entity3168 enterotoxin was positive in nine wells of the 540 pooled test specimens whereas all of the pooled 340 control samples were negative. Repeat of individual specimens comprising the nine wells with positive samples helped to identify the individual @entity1 positive for @entity28925 . CONCLUSION: Only two @entity28925 kits were needed for a total of 880 faecal specimens tested. The cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity28925 , as described herein will help to save institutional resources.

title: Cost-effective screening of pooled faecal specimens from XXXX with nosocomial @entity294 for @entity3168 enterotoxin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fusarium is the second most frequent mold involved in @entity364 and is particularly important among immunocompromised @entity1 . Culture methods and microscopy are still routinely used in clinical laboratories to identify Fusarium spp, and more sophisticated, timely, and effective methods for detecting Fusarium spp. in laboratory samples could improve the outcome of the @entity1 . These investigational diagnostic approaches include serological assays and specific nested PCR assays that can yield positive and negative predictive values of over 90%. Other assays in development, such as mass spectroscopy techniques, can provide accurate and consistent results. The treatment of @entity22214 in immunocompromised @entity1 remains a challenge and the prognosis of systemic @entity22214 in this population remains poor. Successful treatment is highly dependent on the particular Fusarium species involved in the @entity281 . High dose intravenous @entity2379 formulation is recommended as the first line of therapy in management of @entity22214 in @entity1 . @entity5074 is also effective in treating @entity22214 . Intolerance, contraindication, or failure of the @entity2379 formulation warrants the use of @entity5074 as an alternative agent, and @entity7143 is licensed as salvage therapy against @entity3 . Adjunctive therapies such as surgical debridement of infected tissue, @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) or @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) infusions, or granulocyte transfusions are also tools for managing @entity22214 . In conclusion, Fusarium @entity281 is considered an emerging problem and should be suspected in immunocompromised @entity1 experiencing @entity281 and should be treated accordingly.

title: The challenge of managing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole', 'voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity22214 :: (MESH:D060585,Disease) :: ['fusariosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anal cytology is used to screen @entity1 for @entity24103 . Anal pap smears are collected without direct visualization of the canal, whereas cervical cytology is obtained with direct visualization. Current screening guidelines dictate that @entity1 with abnormal cytology are to be evaluated with high-resolution anoscopy, and @entity1 with benign anal cytology forgo high-resolution anoscopy. We routinely perform standard anoscopy after cytology collection. We endeavored to determine whether our standard procedure would reveal findings supporting high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all anal cytology results from January 2008 to March 2009, identifying the @entity1 with benign results who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. Records were analyzed to determine the indication for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy results. RESULTS: We identified 2084 @entity1 with anal cytology results, including 613 (29%) @entity1 who had benign results and 169 (28%) @entity1 who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. The main reasons for high-resolution anoscopy were high risk of recurrent @entity1141 based on prior high-grade squamous @entity75 with cytology done concurrently in 77 (46%), and abnormal anoscopy findings thought to be indicative of @entity1141 (plaque or nodule suspicious of @entity1141 , @entity3538 , @entity6349 appearing fissure) in 92 (54%). Of subjects with abnormal anoscopy findings indicative of @entity1141 , 25 (27%) had high-grade and 39 (42%) had low-grade @entity1141 . Of those undergoing cytology and high-resolution anoscopy simultaneously, 14 (18%) had high-grade and 12 (16%) had low-grade @entity1141 . In total, 90 (53%) of those with benign cytology who had high-resolution anoscopy had abnormal pathology, and 39 (23%) had high-grade @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 having sex with @entity1 can have significant @entity1141 with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy identifies findings indicative of @entity1141 that, if present, should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy should become an integral part of @entity24103 screening. Prior recent history of high-grade @entity1141 should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology.

title: Predictors of XXXX in @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 with benign cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['internal or external condyloma']

entities_list: @entity24103 :: ('MESH:C538254', 'Disease') :: ['anal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity24103 :: (MESH:C538254,Disease) :: ['anal dysplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anal cytology is used to screen @entity1 for @entity24103 . Anal pap smears are collected without direct visualization of the canal, whereas cervical cytology is obtained with direct visualization. Current screening guidelines dictate that @entity1 with abnormal cytology are to be evaluated with high-resolution anoscopy, and @entity1 with benign anal cytology forgo high-resolution anoscopy. We routinely perform standard anoscopy after cytology collection. We endeavored to determine whether our standard procedure would reveal findings supporting high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all anal cytology results from January 2008 to March 2009, identifying the @entity1 with benign results who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. Records were analyzed to determine the indication for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy results. RESULTS: We identified 2084 @entity1 with anal cytology results, including 613 (29%) @entity1 who had benign results and 169 (28%) @entity1 who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. The main reasons for high-resolution anoscopy were high risk of recurrent @entity1141 based on prior high-grade squamous @entity75 with cytology done concurrently in 77 (46%), and abnormal anoscopy findings thought to be indicative of @entity1141 (plaque or nodule suspicious of @entity1141 , @entity3538 , @entity6349 appearing fissure) in 92 (54%). Of subjects with abnormal anoscopy findings indicative of @entity1141 , 25 (27%) had high-grade and 39 (42%) had low-grade @entity1141 . Of those undergoing cytology and high-resolution anoscopy simultaneously, 14 (18%) had high-grade and 12 (16%) had low-grade @entity1141 . In total, 90 (53%) of those with benign cytology who had high-resolution anoscopy had abnormal pathology, and 39 (23%) had high-grade @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 having sex with @entity1 can have significant @entity1141 with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy identifies findings indicative of @entity1141 that, if present, should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy should become an integral part of @entity24103 screening. Prior recent history of high-grade @entity1141 should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology.

title: Predictors of @entity24103 in XXXX who have sex with @entity1 with benign cytology.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anal cytology is used to screen @entity1 for @entity24103 . Anal pap smears are collected without direct visualization of the canal, whereas cervical cytology is obtained with direct visualization. Current screening guidelines dictate that @entity1 with abnormal cytology are to be evaluated with high-resolution anoscopy, and @entity1 with benign anal cytology forgo high-resolution anoscopy. We routinely perform standard anoscopy after cytology collection. We endeavored to determine whether our standard procedure would reveal findings supporting high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all anal cytology results from January 2008 to March 2009, identifying the @entity1 with benign results who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. Records were analyzed to determine the indication for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy results. RESULTS: We identified 2084 @entity1 with anal cytology results, including 613 (29%) @entity1 who had benign results and 169 (28%) @entity1 who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. The main reasons for high-resolution anoscopy were high risk of recurrent @entity1141 based on prior high-grade squamous @entity75 with cytology done concurrently in 77 (46%), and abnormal anoscopy findings thought to be indicative of @entity1141 (plaque or nodule suspicious of @entity1141 , @entity3538 , @entity6349 appearing fissure) in 92 (54%). Of subjects with abnormal anoscopy findings indicative of @entity1141 , 25 (27%) had high-grade and 39 (42%) had low-grade @entity1141 . Of those undergoing cytology and high-resolution anoscopy simultaneously, 14 (18%) had high-grade and 12 (16%) had low-grade @entity1141 . In total, 90 (53%) of those with benign cytology who had high-resolution anoscopy had abnormal pathology, and 39 (23%) had high-grade @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 having sex with @entity1 can have significant @entity1141 with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy identifies findings indicative of @entity1141 that, if present, should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy should become an integral part of @entity24103 screening. Prior recent history of high-grade @entity1141 should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology.

title: Predictors of @entity24103 in @entity1 who have sex with XXXX with benign cytology.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3562 is a well-recognized independent risk factor for @entity65 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . Since @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) largely binds to serum proteins (80 to 90%), in this study we investigated the possibility that @entity4625 ( @entity4625 )-based protein-leaking dialyzers could reduce total plasma @entity5784 (tHcy) levels in @entity454 @entity1 . METHODS: Two matched groups of @entity1 (N = 13) showing mild to intermediate @entity3562 on standard hemodialysis (HD) with conventional non-protein-leaking dialyzers were included. In the control group membranes were maintained the same, while the study group was switched to protein-leaking dialyzers (BK-F series; Toray, Japan) and studied for 6 months. tHcy was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. Proteins and @entity5784 were also measured in the spent dialysate. RESULTS: The pre-HD levels of tHcy in the control group remained close to baseline values (26.6 +/- 5.0 micromol/L), while in the study group at 1, 3, and 6 months they decreased from a baseline value (in micrormol/L) of 25.3 +/- 5.9 to 21.5 +/- 4.5, 16.9 +/- 4.0, and 17.2 +/- 4.2, respectively (P < 0.01 for values at 3 and 6 months vs. baseline). The intra-HD drop of tHcy (Delta HDHcy) slightly but progressively decreased during the 3 steps on protein-leaking dialyzers and a positive correlation was found between Delta HDHcy and pre-HD levels of tHcy. In spent dialysate samples from protein-leaking dialyzer-treated @entity1 , the amount of protein-bound @entity5784 (bHcy) was approximately 10 times higher than in non-protein-leaking dialyzers, but the Delta HDHcy observed in non-protein-leaking dialyzers and protein-leaking dialyzers was comparable. Serum proteins and albumin were only slightly affected by protein-leaking dialyzers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that protein-leaking dialyzers used with a pure diffusive technique significantly lower pre-HD tHcy (approximately 33% of starting levels after 3 months of treatment) in @entity454 @entity1 . A possible underlying mechanism for this effect could be the removal of large molecular weight solutes responsible for a defective metabolism of the @entity5784 , as the removal of bHcy with protein-leaking dialyzers seems not sufficient, per se, to explain this steady reduction of tHcy levels in pre-HD.

title: The effect of XXXX -based protein-leaking dialyzers on plasma @entity1255 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['PMMA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3562 is a well-recognized independent risk factor for @entity65 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . Since @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) largely binds to serum proteins (80 to 90%), in this study we investigated the possibility that @entity4625 ( @entity4625 )-based protein-leaking dialyzers could reduce total plasma @entity5784 (tHcy) levels in @entity454 @entity1 . METHODS: Two matched groups of @entity1 (N = 13) showing mild to intermediate @entity3562 on standard hemodialysis (HD) with conventional non-protein-leaking dialyzers were included. In the control group membranes were maintained the same, while the study group was switched to protein-leaking dialyzers (BK-F series; Toray, Japan) and studied for 6 months. tHcy was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. Proteins and @entity5784 were also measured in the spent dialysate. RESULTS: The pre-HD levels of tHcy in the control group remained close to baseline values (26.6 +/- 5.0 micromol/L), while in the study group at 1, 3, and 6 months they decreased from a baseline value (in micrormol/L) of 25.3 +/- 5.9 to 21.5 +/- 4.5, 16.9 +/- 4.0, and 17.2 +/- 4.2, respectively (P < 0.01 for values at 3 and 6 months vs. baseline). The intra-HD drop of tHcy (Delta HDHcy) slightly but progressively decreased during the 3 steps on protein-leaking dialyzers and a positive correlation was found between Delta HDHcy and pre-HD levels of tHcy. In spent dialysate samples from protein-leaking dialyzer-treated @entity1 , the amount of protein-bound @entity5784 (bHcy) was approximately 10 times higher than in non-protein-leaking dialyzers, but the Delta HDHcy observed in non-protein-leaking dialyzers and protein-leaking dialyzers was comparable. Serum proteins and albumin were only slightly affected by protein-leaking dialyzers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that protein-leaking dialyzers used with a pure diffusive technique significantly lower pre-HD tHcy (approximately 33% of starting levels after 3 months of treatment) in @entity454 @entity1 . A possible underlying mechanism for this effect could be the removal of large molecular weight solutes responsible for a defective metabolism of the @entity5784 , as the removal of bHcy with protein-leaking dialyzers seems not sufficient, per se, to explain this steady reduction of tHcy levels in pre-HD.

title: The effect of @entity4625 -based protein-leaking dialyzers on plasma XXXX levels.

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: Inflammatory cells are generally assumed to be the primary source of most growth factors/cytokines that participate in wound healing. Correspondingly, most attempts to enhance wound healing have been directed at the wound itself. However, certain key factors such as @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and related proteins are present in blood in sufficient quantities to suggest significant contributions from outside the wound. Because little is known of the dynamics of IGF family members in wounds, particularly in @entity1 wounds, we serially measured the mRNAs and proteins of the IGF family in fluid and tissues taken from acute as well as chronically inflamed @entity1 wounds and compared them to their corresponding concentrations in blood. We also measured @entity40649 , @entity7 , @entity1356 , matrix metalloproteinases and selected isomers/receptors, all of which are associated with @entity32 . All IGF proteins reached their highest concentrations immediately after injury. No difference between @entity442 mRNA expression between acute and inflamed wounds was found. As a group, IGF-related proteins, in contrast to @entity2533 , @entity7 , and @entity1356 , are highly correlated to and are generally below their concentrations in blood and are not elevated by @entity32 . The IGF family therefore appears to enter wounds, even inflamed wounds, mainly from blood. If blood @entity442 is low, wound levels are lower. This data suggests that @entity73 due to @entity442 deficiency can be readily detected and is, at least in part, easily and safely correctable.

title: Comparison of inflammatory and systemic sources of growth factors in acute and chronic XXXX wounds.

entities_list: @entity40649 :: ('7040;7043', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1 and -beta3']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['healing impairment']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The results obtained from treatment of 156 @entity1 for @entity292 are reported in this paper. Eighty-five per cent of the fistulae had developed in the wake of gynaecological operations. Vaginography played a major role in diagnosis. Spontaneous occlusion of fistulae occurred in 19 cases. Satisfactory results were recorded from nine @entity1 by means of indwelling ureteral catheters. Cases of @entity1901 were tackled by means of corticosteroid therapy. Nephrectomy was necessary in 24 cases. A date between five and seven weeks from fistulation has proved to be the optimum time for ureteroplasty. Organ-saving operations were performed on 101 @entity1 . Results were satisfactory in 82.1 per cent of all cases. This assessment is given with due consideration of renal function.

title: [Treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['ureterovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stenosis']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['ureterovaginal fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 ultimately diagnosed with nonimmune @entity882 are often referred to pediatric hematology clinics with a provisional diagnosis of @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). The authors' aim was to establish in these @entity1 the features characterizing the mechanism of @entity882 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of the case records of seven @entity1 (three @entity1 and four @entity1 , aged 5 months to 7 years) with misdiagnosed chronic @entity3039 referred to a single pediatric hematology center between 1990 and 2000. RESULTS: In the seven @entity1 , the suspected diagnosis on referral was @entity3039 and the final diagnosis was @entity882 . @entity1423 and/or leukocyte morphology were present in all of them. Other features suggestive of @entity882 included a history of @entity882 (2/7), failure of @entity230 and/or intravenous immunoglobulins to raise the platelet count to normal levels (5/7), and moderate increase of @entity4343 -111 platelet turnover in the two @entity1 tested. Platelet-associated IgG (PaIgG) was above the normal threshold in the four @entity1 tested; the direct monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) test was negative in the four @entity1 tested and the serum test was positive in two @entity1 . Bone marrow examination revealed either a normal (4/7) or an elevated (3/7) number of megakaryocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Family history and blood cell morphology analysis in experienced hands are the first steps in discriminating @entity3039 from @entity882 in @entity1 with isolated @entity882 . In contrast, bone marrow examination and search for specific autoantibodies using the MAIPA test are of little help. An isotopic platelet life span study, when available, should be performed before considering splenectomy to exclude the diagnosis of @entity882 , especially when @entity230 and/or IgG IV administration failed to raise the platelet count.

title: Misdiagnosis of XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['familial thrombocytopenia', 'inherited thrombocytopenia', 'chronic thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of platelets']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['AITP', 'autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['chronic thrombocytopenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical management of pouch-vaginal @entity292 in females who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy. METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective chart review of females treated for pouch-vaginal @entity292 from 1983 to 2000. All @entity1 were followed up using our prospective pouch registry, with additional data collected by interview or mailed questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty females were identified (mean age, 33.3 +/- 1.3 years), of whom 33 had their initial restorative proctocolectomy done at our institution. Preoperative diagnosis was @entity31 (88 percent), indeterminate @entity1960 (10 percent), and @entity1412 (2 percent). Average time to @entity12478 following restorative proctocolectomy was 21 months (range, 1-132 months). Postoperative @entity530 had occurred in 17 (28 percent) @entity1 . Primary treatment modalities included the following: local repairs (n = 46, 77 percent), the majority of which were ileal advancement flaps; redo restorative proctocolectomy (n = 6, 10 percent); and pouch excision (n = 5, 8 percent). Initial healing was achieved in 20 @entity1 . An additional 11 @entity1 with recurrences healed after repeat procedures. The overall healing rate was 52 percent at 49.4 +/- 3.8 months follow-up. Pouch failure was the eventual outcome in 13 (22 percent) @entity1 and 16 (27 percent) @entity1 had persistent @entity12478 . A delayed diagnosis of @entity30 was made in 24 @entity1 . @entity30 @entity1 had lower success rates following ileal advancement flaps compared with the non-Crohn's group (25 vs. 48 percent, respectively), much lower overall healing rates of their pouch-vaginal @entity292 (17 vs. 75 percent, respectively), and a higher incidence of pouch failure (33 vs. 14 percent, respectively). CONCLUSION: Pouch-vaginal @entity292 are a difficult problem in females following restorative proctocolectomy. However, local repair can be successful with good functional outcomes. Redo restorative proctocolectomy may also achieve healing if local repairs are not possible or have failed. A delayed diagnosis of @entity30 results in worse treatment outcome and higher pouch failure rates.

title: Management and treatment outcome of pouch-vaginal XXXX following restorative proctocolectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['pouch-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: The pathogenesis of the @entity3454 is not fully solved. An almost invariable histological finding is the great accumulation of mucinous material in the valve leaflets and constitutes the basis of the @entity340 . The presence of a mucinous layer in normal valves-- the @entity4091 --is not well recognised. To establish the normal range of the extent of this zone, 50 excised mitral valves from @entity1 aged 2 to 89 years and who died as a result of road traffic accidents or non-cardiac causes have been analysed by measuring the thickness of the zone in relation to the valve thickness. A range of 0 to 60 per cent was found and this was not influenced by age. The findings were compared with 50 @entity1 clinically diagnosed as suffering from the @entity3454 . A value of over 60 per cent (range 62 to 94%) was found in 43 @entity1 . The increase in the extent of the mucinous material was considered to be a secondary change in the thickened fibrosa which normally accompanies the @entity3454 . Measurements of @entity4091 falling within the normal range were found in seven @entity1 . The clinical features, complications, and accompanying conditions have also been analysed. @entity397 had occurred in 20 @entity1 , @entity884 in three, and @entity730 was found in four valves. In four @entity1 the aortic valve was also involved and accompanying @entity384 in an additional @entity1 . It is suggested that these @entity1 should not be included in the group of Marfan's forme fruste, nor in the typical floppy @entity339 . Apart from the valvular theory, the myocardial theory in the pathogenesis of the syndrome has been discussed and the components ensuring normal mitral valve function have been reviewed. It is concluded that an inherent, prominent @entity4091 predisposes to the @entity3454 , particularly if any one of the components of normal valve function is abnormal.

title: The XXXX . Study on pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root dilatation']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['zona spongiosa']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['floppy valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Chordal rupture']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular theory of the syndrome']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['floppy mitral valve']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity99 seen at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 31,028 consecutive deliveries between January 1986 and December 1996 at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, KSA. The study group was compared with a matched control group. RESULTS: There were 203 newborns with 208 injuries with an incidence of 6.70 per 1,000 live births. The majority (55%) of the injuries was sustained during normal vaginal deliveries and the least were during cesarean section (5.2%). The average gestational age was 39 weeks (25-44 weeks) in the study group and in the control group was 38.84 (21-44 weeks). The birth weight in the study group was 3323 gms (780-6190) and the control group was 3015 gms (790-6,015) p<0.01. The Apgar score in the study group was 7 and 9 at one and 5 minutes and in the control group was 8 and 9. There were 104 scalp injuries, 50 nerve injuries, 20 @entity174 (11 clavicle and 9 long bones) and 21 newborns had @entity932 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a variety of birth related @entity130 at the teaching institution with a lower overall incidence as compared to reports from the literature. The only significant factor was that birth weight was higher in the study group as compared to the control group (p <0.01). It is recommended that every effort be required to further decrease the incidence of @entity99 .

title: Birth associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['birth injuries', 'birth-injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity12609 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation have been investigated in cardiac and skeletal muscle from @entity35 fed @entity12880 , @entity17544 or @entity24565 in an unrefined diet for different periods of time. @entity24565 was also added to either a high @entity1735 (70% of kilocalories from @entity413 ) or high fat (70% of kilocalories from lard) diet and fed to @entity35 for either 1 or 3 weeks. @entity12609 activity was elevated in all muscles from @entity35 fed the hypolipidemic drugs. The response of @entity12609 activity in muscle to clofibrate was dose-dependent. The response time of @entity12609 activity was different in individual muscles. Peroxisomal @entity2365 oxidation was elevated in the heart and soleus muscle from @entity35 fed @entity24565 in either the high- @entity1735 or the high-fat diet. There was no change in peroxisomal @entity2365 oxidation in psoas or extensor digitorum longus muscle from @entity35 fed the drugs. Mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation was only slightly increased by @entity24565 in the heart and soleus muscles after 3 weeks of @entity24565 feeding. The results suggest that the cardiac muscle, like the liver, responds to hypolipidemic drug treatment with an increase in peroxisomal fat oxidation. The skeletal muscle response is less specific and that tissue may not contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of the drugs. The findings also suggest that these drugs do not induce peroxisome proliferation in skeletal muscle.

title: The effect of three hypolipidemic drugs on XXXX activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation in @entity35 cardiac and skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity17544 :: ('MESH:C019304', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofibrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity24565 :: ('MESH:D009255', 'Chemical') :: ['Nafenopin', 'nafenopin']

answer: @entity12609 :: (24248(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['catalase']


abstract: @entity12609 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation have been investigated in cardiac and skeletal muscle from @entity35 fed @entity12880 , @entity17544 or @entity24565 in an unrefined diet for different periods of time. @entity24565 was also added to either a high @entity1735 (70% of kilocalories from @entity413 ) or high fat (70% of kilocalories from lard) diet and fed to @entity35 for either 1 or 3 weeks. @entity12609 activity was elevated in all muscles from @entity35 fed the hypolipidemic drugs. The response of @entity12609 activity in muscle to clofibrate was dose-dependent. The response time of @entity12609 activity was different in individual muscles. Peroxisomal @entity2365 oxidation was elevated in the heart and soleus muscle from @entity35 fed @entity24565 in either the high- @entity1735 or the high-fat diet. There was no change in peroxisomal @entity2365 oxidation in psoas or extensor digitorum longus muscle from @entity35 fed the drugs. Mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation was only slightly increased by @entity24565 in the heart and soleus muscles after 3 weeks of @entity24565 feeding. The results suggest that the cardiac muscle, like the liver, responds to hypolipidemic drug treatment with an increase in peroxisomal fat oxidation. The skeletal muscle response is less specific and that tissue may not contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of the drugs. The findings also suggest that these drugs do not induce peroxisome proliferation in skeletal muscle.

title: The effect of three hypolipidemic drugs on @entity12609 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial XXXX oxidation in @entity35 cardiac and skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity2365 :: (CHEBI:7896,Chemical) :: ['palmitate']


abstract: @entity12609 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation have been investigated in cardiac and skeletal muscle from @entity35 fed @entity12880 , @entity17544 or @entity24565 in an unrefined diet for different periods of time. @entity24565 was also added to either a high @entity1735 (70% of kilocalories from @entity413 ) or high fat (70% of kilocalories from lard) diet and fed to @entity35 for either 1 or 3 weeks. @entity12609 activity was elevated in all muscles from @entity35 fed the hypolipidemic drugs. The response of @entity12609 activity in muscle to clofibrate was dose-dependent. The response time of @entity12609 activity was different in individual muscles. Peroxisomal @entity2365 oxidation was elevated in the heart and soleus muscle from @entity35 fed @entity24565 in either the high- @entity1735 or the high-fat diet. There was no change in peroxisomal @entity2365 oxidation in psoas or extensor digitorum longus muscle from @entity35 fed the drugs. Mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation was only slightly increased by @entity24565 in the heart and soleus muscles after 3 weeks of @entity24565 feeding. The results suggest that the cardiac muscle, like the liver, responds to hypolipidemic drug treatment with an increase in peroxisomal fat oxidation. The skeletal muscle response is less specific and that tissue may not contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of the drugs. The findings also suggest that these drugs do not induce peroxisome proliferation in skeletal muscle.

title: The effect of three hypolipidemic drugs on @entity12609 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity2365 oxidation in XXXX cardiac and skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Late @entity299 after radiotherapy for @entity0 was studied in 197 @entity1 examined before, 6 months after, and 10 years after treatment. The 10-year follow-up was done by survey of the files of @entity1 who had died and re-examination of @entity1 who were alive and free of @entity5 . Among 95 @entity1 who died, 3 died of @entity66 . Autopsy in 32 @entity1 showed serious @entity299 in 3. Of 102 @entity1 alive at follow-up, 3 reported heart symptoms. Sixty-nine @entity1 participated in the re-examination. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities were found in 19% of these @entity1 before treatment; in 45% at 6 months, essentially due to T-wave changes in @entity1 who had received left-sided irradiation; and in 45% at 10 years, with fewer T-wave abnormalities but more @entity308 and ectopic beats. Average working capacity was 83 W before, 81 W at 6 months, and 84 W at ten years. Average heart volume was 680 ml before, 689 ml at 6 months, and 718 ml (P less than 0.01) 10 years after treatment. In conclusion, there was a high incidence of ECG T-wave changes, but they were reversible, and the perimyocardial damage indicated was functionally insignificant. The incidence of serious @entity299 was low.

title: Incidence of @entity299 and functional significance of changes in the electrocardiogram 10 years after radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities', 'cardiac complications']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Late @entity299 after radiotherapy for @entity0 was studied in 197 @entity1 examined before, 6 months after, and 10 years after treatment. The 10-year follow-up was done by survey of the files of @entity1 who had died and re-examination of @entity1 who were alive and free of @entity5 . Among 95 @entity1 who died, 3 died of @entity66 . Autopsy in 32 @entity1 showed serious @entity299 in 3. Of 102 @entity1 alive at follow-up, 3 reported heart symptoms. Sixty-nine @entity1 participated in the re-examination. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities were found in 19% of these @entity1 before treatment; in 45% at 6 months, essentially due to T-wave changes in @entity1 who had received left-sided irradiation; and in 45% at 10 years, with fewer T-wave abnormalities but more @entity308 and ectopic beats. Average working capacity was 83 W before, 81 W at 6 months, and 84 W at ten years. Average heart volume was 680 ml before, 689 ml at 6 months, and 718 ml (P less than 0.01) 10 years after treatment. In conclusion, there was a high incidence of ECG T-wave changes, but they were reversible, and the perimyocardial damage indicated was functionally insignificant. The incidence of serious @entity299 was low.

title: Incidence of XXXX and functional significance of changes in the electrocardiogram 10 years after radiotherapy for @entity0 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: Short-term cultures of 10 malignant @entity320 derived from 8 @entity1 were analyzed cytogenetically. The chromosome composition of the @entity5 was found to be similar in terms of modal number and structural and numerical aberrations, especially the nonrandom nature of breakpoints. Six chromosomes were consistently involved in marker formation. Aberrations of chromosomes #1 and #9 were identified in every @entity5 , whereas structural alterations of chromosome #2 were found in 9 @entity5 . In contrast, aberrations of chromosomes #6, #3, and #7 were identified in 7, 7, and 8 of the @entity5 , respectively. The nonrandom breakpoints on these chromosomes frequently coincided with known oncogenic loci and resulted in morphologically identical marker chromosomes. Consecutive lesions were obtained for two @entity1 . Common markers were identified in both cases, indicating the clonal origin of the @entity5 . In addition, many marker chromosomes characteristic of the individual lesions were also identified. The presence of these lesion-specific markers indicates the nonrandom selective nature of the metastatic process and suggests the possible heterogeneity of the original @entity5 cell population.

title: Nonrandom chromosome structural aberrations and oncogene loci in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Short-term cultures of 10 malignant @entity320 derived from 8 @entity1 were analyzed cytogenetically. The chromosome composition of the @entity5 was found to be similar in terms of modal number and structural and numerical aberrations, especially the nonrandom nature of breakpoints. Six chromosomes were consistently involved in marker formation. Aberrations of chromosomes #1 and #9 were identified in every @entity5 , whereas structural alterations of chromosome #2 were found in 9 @entity5 . In contrast, aberrations of chromosomes #6, #3, and #7 were identified in 7, 7, and 8 of the @entity5 , respectively. The nonrandom breakpoints on these chromosomes frequently coincided with known oncogenic loci and resulted in morphologically identical marker chromosomes. Consecutive lesions were obtained for two @entity1 . Common markers were identified in both cases, indicating the clonal origin of the @entity5 . In addition, many marker chromosomes characteristic of the individual lesions were also identified. The presence of these lesion-specific markers indicates the nonrandom selective nature of the metastatic process and suggests the possible heterogeneity of the original @entity5 cell population.

title: Nonrandom chromosome structural aberrations and oncogene loci in XXXX @entity320 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In mammals, males consume more food, which is considered a masculinized behavior, but the underlying mechanism of this sex-specific feeding behavior is unknown. In @entity19 , neonatal @entity251 (NT) is critical to masculinize the developing brain, leading to sex differences in reproductive physiology. The proopiomelanocortin ( @entity11982 ) neurons of the hypothalamic @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ) are critical to suppress energy intake and @entity11982 innervation of hypothalamic feeding circuits develops to a large extent neonatally. We hypothesized that NT programs the masculinization of energy intake by programming @entity11982 neurons. We tested this hypothesis by comparing control females and control males (CMs) with female @entity19 neonatally androgenized with @entity251 (NTFs). We show that increased food intake in CMs is associated with reduced @entity11982 expression and decreased intensity of neuronal projections from @entity11982 neurons within the @entity1019 compared with control females. We found that NTFs display a masculinized energy intake and @entity1019 @entity11982 expression and innervation as observed in CMs, which can be mimicked by neonatal exposure to the @entity342 receptor agonist @entity586 ( @entity587 ). NTFs also exhibit hyperleptinemia and a decreased ability of leptin to up-regulate @entity11982 , suppress food intake, and prevent adipose tissue accumulation, independent of @entity10433 . However, this leptin resistance is specific to NTFs, is not a consequence of masculinization, and is reproduced by neonatal exposure to @entity172 but not @entity587 . Thus, NT programs a sexual differentiation of @entity11982 neurons in female @entity19 via @entity587 but also predisposes to leptin resistance and @entity28 in an @entity172 -dependent manner.

title: Early-life exposure to XXXX programs the hypothalamic melanocortin system.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['ARC', 'arcuate nucleus']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of central pontine @entity6150 (CPM) post liver transplantation in which treatment with plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin improved expected neurologic outcome. CASE SUMMARY: Two @entity1 who underwent orthotopic liver transplant developed CPM early in their postoperative course. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated severe @entity17 of either the pons or the midbrain, respectively. Both @entity1 developed significant @entity16 , including acute mental status changes, severe @entity425 , @entity508 , and/or prolonged @entity912 . Pretransplant laboratory results indicated serum @entity1372 levels fluctuating between 115 mEq/L and 152 mEq/L. Both @entity1 received 6 days of plasmapheresis (PP) followed by 5 consecutive days of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). Significant neurologic improvement was experienced at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, after therapy was initiated. Complete resolution of neurologic symptoms was evident at 1 year follow-up. DISCUSSION: Currently, specific guidelines or recommendations for the treatment of CPM are practically nonexistent. CPM remains a @entity16 that is difficult to treat and may result in permanent significant neurologic sequelae. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are unclear, although @entity146 , particularly in the setting of @entity2753 , is the main risk factor. While @entity1 may eventually show some improvement with supportive care, progress is often protracted, and complete resolution of symptoms is exceedingly rare. The severity of the midbrain lesions juxtaposed against the rapidity of symptom resolution in these 2 @entity1 alludes to a potential therapeutic benefit after initiation of therapy with PP and IVIG. CONCLUSIONS: These cases suggest that prompt recognition of CPM and initiation of PP and IVIG may help modulate its progress and improve long-term neurologic outcome.

title: Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immune Globulin Improve Neurologic Outcome of XXXX Occurring Post Orthotopic Liver Transplant.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive osmolar correction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complication', 'neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity6150 :: ('MESH:D017590', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity6150 :: (MESH:D017590,Disease) :: ['Central Pontine Myelinolysis']