abstract: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) state that @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is seen in 13-18% of all @entity1 being admitted to hospital and that other @entity1 will further go on to develop @entity810 during their time in hospital, with around 30-40% being in the operative setting. @entity810 has an estimated inpatient mortality of 20-30% in the UK and can lead to long-term morbidities like @entity740 .[2] @entity810 is under-recognised and badly managed despite its prevalence and seriousness, with NCEPOD report stating that only 50% of @entity1 with @entity810 received good care, that there was poor assessment of risk factors for @entity810 , and there was an unacceptable delay in recognising post-admission @entity810 in 43% of @entity1 .[4] Baseline data collected on the urology ward in Ninewells Hospital, showed that only five of 22 (23%) @entity1 undergoing urological surgery had post-operative @entity1011 measured on the ward within 48 hours (the primary method for detecting @entity810 ). Excluding @entity1 who were discharged the same day 5/16 (31%) received the blood test. The aim of the project was to increase the number of @entity1 returning to ward 9 post-surgery who receive a serum @entity1011 measurement within two days of their urological surgery, excluding daycases. Specifically, we wanted the reliability of this measurement to be 95% or over in ward 9 by 30 July 2014. This was to be done by raising awareness around @entity810 on ward 9 and changing protocol so that every @entity1 staying on ward 9 beyond their day of surgery should receive a post-operative @entity1011 . This would be tested for a set amount of time to see if @entity1 with @entity810 were being missed. Despite not being able to implement a set protocol, the percentage of @entity1 receiving post-operative @entity1011 measurements on ward 9 after a urological surgery still increased significantly. By interacting with the urology team and presenting our data, the knowledge and comprehension of the problem was altered. This lead to a change in culture and a significant increase in the number of post-operative @entity1011 measurements being taken. Through building relationships on the ward and sharing our data and knowledge there was an increase from 27% of @entity1 receiving post-op @entity1011 in our first week of collecting data, to 87% in our last week on ward 9. However, without a set tool or change in protocol this change appears to have not been sustainable as the percentage dropped to 42% two weeks later.

title: Improving the recognition of post-operative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that the introduction of high-sensitivity troponin T (HsTnT) as a diagnostic tool for @entity662 @entity1 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) creates a high rate of false-positive tests. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate if the diagnostic performance of HsTnT for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) up to 3-4  h after presentation in elderly @entity1 can be improved. METHODS: A total of 477 consecutive @entity1   >=    75  years, admitted to in-hospital care for @entity662 suspicious of @entity1187 , were retrospectively included. HsTnT values at presentation (0  h) and at 3-4  h were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for absolute and relative changes from 0 to 3-4  h. @entity1187 , non-elective percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and death of all causes were recorded for all @entity1 during a follow-up of 60  days. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) were analysed for different HsTnT cut-off values at 0 and 3-4  h and for the combination of a HsTnT at presentation and an absolute change from 0 to 3-4  h. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of the @entity1 had @entity1187 and 21  % @entity583 ( @entity583 ) during the hospital stay. The standard cut-off 14  ng/L gave sensitivity and NPV for @entity1187 of 88 and 90  % at 3-4  h. Specificity and @entity2286 was 38 and 32  % respectively. Analysing for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) alone gave a sensitivity and NPV of 100  % but did not improve specificity and @entity2286 . The area under the ROC-curve was larger for absolute than relative HsTnT changes from 0 to 3-4  h. A combination of HsTnT at presentation   >   30  ng/L and/or a change   >   5  ng/L up to 3-4  h gave a 63  % specificity and a @entity2286 of 46  %, a 99  % sensitivity and a NPV of 99  % for @entity583 . CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that HsTnT can neither exclude nor confirm @entity1187 within 3-4  h from presentation in @entity1   >=    75  years. @entity583 can be excluded with HsTnT within 3-4  h, but HsTnT cannot be used to rule in @entity583 during the first 3-4  h, not even by using a combination of the initial HsTnT result and the change from 0 to 3-4  h. With combined criteria, the majority of the positive tests were still false positive. Our results indicate that in @entity1   >   75  years, HsTnT should be used primarily as an early rule-out tool for @entity583 .

title: Predictive role of high sensitivity troponin T within four hours from presentation of XXXX in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['NSTEMI', 'AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'non-ST elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that the introduction of high-sensitivity troponin T (HsTnT) as a diagnostic tool for @entity662 @entity1 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) creates a high rate of false-positive tests. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate if the diagnostic performance of HsTnT for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) up to 3-4  h after presentation in elderly @entity1 can be improved. METHODS: A total of 477 consecutive @entity1   >=    75  years, admitted to in-hospital care for @entity662 suspicious of @entity1187 , were retrospectively included. HsTnT values at presentation (0  h) and at 3-4  h were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for absolute and relative changes from 0 to 3-4  h. @entity1187 , non-elective percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and death of all causes were recorded for all @entity1 during a follow-up of 60  days. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) were analysed for different HsTnT cut-off values at 0 and 3-4  h and for the combination of a HsTnT at presentation and an absolute change from 0 to 3-4  h. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of the @entity1 had @entity1187 and 21  % @entity583 ( @entity583 ) during the hospital stay. The standard cut-off 14  ng/L gave sensitivity and NPV for @entity1187 of 88 and 90  % at 3-4  h. Specificity and @entity2286 was 38 and 32  % respectively. Analysing for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) alone gave a sensitivity and NPV of 100  % but did not improve specificity and @entity2286 . The area under the ROC-curve was larger for absolute than relative HsTnT changes from 0 to 3-4  h. A combination of HsTnT at presentation   >   30  ng/L and/or a change   >   5  ng/L up to 3-4  h gave a 63  % specificity and a @entity2286 of 46  %, a 99  % sensitivity and a NPV of 99  % for @entity583 . CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that HsTnT can neither exclude nor confirm @entity1187 within 3-4  h from presentation in @entity1   >=    75  years. @entity583 can be excluded with HsTnT within 3-4  h, but HsTnT cannot be used to rule in @entity583 during the first 3-4  h, not even by using a combination of the initial HsTnT result and the change from 0 to 3-4  h. With combined criteria, the majority of the positive tests were still false positive. Our results indicate that in @entity1   >   75  years, HsTnT should be used primarily as an early rule-out tool for @entity583 .

title: Predictive role of high sensitivity troponin T within four hours from presentation of @entity1187 in elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In the interval between screening examinations, some cases of @entity0 are invariably detected clinically in @entity1 whose mammogram was considered to be normal at the earlier screening. During the first interval in the Stockholm study, 60 @entity5 were detected, giving a rate of 1.8 cases/1000 examinations/24 months. About half of these interval cases (31/60) were @entity5 in that no sign of them could be found on the first mammogram; the other half, non-true, were possible to trace on the first mammogram. It is mainly @entity1 under 50 who feature in the interval group, above all in the sub-group of true @entity5 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of @entity5 rises, as expected, with the length of the interval (Fig. 1). In the final six months of the 2-year interval the incidence of @entity5 had risen to 88 per cent of the @entity5 detected in the control group in the same period of time. The cumulative incidence of @entity5 supports the hypothesis that the distribution of sojourn time in the interval 0-2 years is approximately rectangular. This means that shortening the interval by one-half would halve the number of interval cases. If mammography becomes a wide spread screening method for early detection of @entity0 , the number of @entity5 could be a feed back on the effectiveness of the screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Analysis of interval XXXX in a randomized screening trial in Stockholm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-true interval cancers', 'true interval tumours', 'interval cancers', 'cancers', 'interval cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary @entity0 (PBSs) are spectrum heterogeneous @entity242 in breast and the optimal treatment for them is still under discussion. Our study was to investigate clinical characteristics and identify potential prognostic factors for this rare malignancy.The authors retrospectively reviewed 38 @entity1 with PBSs between October 2000 and February 2014 in FuDan University Shanghai @entity5 Center. Local control rate and overall survival (OS) were determined by Kaplan-Meier actuarial method. Univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to identify potential prognostic factors.With median follow-up of 40.19 months, 14 @entity1 (14/38) were found with local recurrence. Extensive operation like mastectomy was not superior to local resection (P=0.167). Three-year recurrence-free survival and OS rate were 61.9% and 89%, respectively. Larger @entity5 size and local recurrence were indicated as unfavorable prognostic factors in univariate analysis. Cox model identified narrow interval of recurrence free survival as an unfavorable factor (P=0.048).Surgery remains crucial treatment for PBSs. Mastectomy, however, is not routinely necessary if clear margin could be achieved by local excision. Early recurrence indicates a poor OS.

title: Early Local Recurrence Presents Adverse Effect on Outcomes of Primary XXXX : A Retrospective Study From Single Institute in China.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity102 associated with a @entity292 can be a particularly challenging problem. Successful eradication may not occur without interposition of healthy vascularized tissue. Pedicled muscle flaps for coverage on the thorax have been well described. However, secondary to @entity130 or previous surgical procedures, a pedicle flap may not be sufficiently sized or available. Free tissue transfer is an attractive option to provide the appropriate vascularized tissue. METHODS: Six @entity1 with chronic @entity292 were reconstructed with 4 rectus abdominis myocutaneous and 2 gracilis muscle flaps. The choice of recipient vessels was dictated by existing local anatomy but included intercostal, thoracodorsal, thoracoacromial, azygous, and circumflex humeral vessels. One flap required interposition saphenous vein grafts for both artery and vein. RESULTS: @entity1 follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 years. There were no episodes of @entity393 or postoperative mortality. @entity3509 without recurrent @entity292 was achieved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Free tissue transfer is an excellent option for vascularized tissue interposition in @entity1 who are not candidates for pedicled muscle transfer. Multiple potential recipient vessels provide tremendous versatility, arguing for early consideration of free tissue transfer.

title: The role of intrathoracic free flaps for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['Empyema resolution']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic empyema']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['empyema-bronchopleural fistulae', 'bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['flap loss']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic empyema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate comorbid conditions with prognostic influence in non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 (NSTEACS). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group consisted of a derivation cohort of 1017 @entity1 (admitted from October 1, 2002, through October 1, 2008) and an external validation cohort of 652 @entity1 (admitted from February 1, 2006, through September 30, 2009). Comorbid conditions, including risk factors and components of the Charlson comorbidity index (ChCI) and @entity453 -specific index, were recorded. The main outcome was one-year mortality. RESULTS: During follow-up, 103 @entity1 died. After adjusting for variables associated with NSTEACS characteristics (base model), 5 comorbid conditions predicted mortality: severe or mild @entity177 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.9 and HR, 1.6, respectively), @entity303 (HR, 3.1), @entity3657 (HR, 2.0), previous @entity712 (HR, 2.6), and previous @entity583 (HR, 1.4). A simple comorbidity index (SCI) was developed using these variables, (per point: HR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-1.8; P = .0001). Adding the SCI, Charlson comorbidity index, or @entity453 -specific index to the base model resulted in a gain of 6.58%, 5.00%, and 4.04%, respectively, in discriminative ability (P = .001), without significant differences among the 3 indices. In @entity1 with comorbid conditions, the highest risk period was in the first weeks after NSTEACS. The strength of the association between SCI and mortality rate was similar in the external validation cohort (HR, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.6; P = .001). CONCLUSION: @entity8 , @entity303 , @entity3657 , previous @entity712 , and previous @entity583 are the comorbid conditions that predict mortality in NSTEACS. A simple index using these variables proved to be as accurate as the more complex comorbidity indices for risk stratification. In-hospital management of @entity1 with comorbid conditions merits further investigation.

title: Influence of comorbid conditions on one-year outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: @entity2522 is developed in 30-75% of cases and it is a result of complicated hormonal and immunological changes in the organism. 100 pregnant @entity1 with various degree of severity of @entity2522 have been observed. Acute generalized @entity2522 , @entity4 with @entity548 , @entity1373 , have been observed in all @entity1 , while in bad cases - with ulcers' formation at gingival. Decrease of hemoreological index of gingival tissue (down to 0,15-0,19 Ohm) have been mentioned, too. Complete clinical and laboratory studies, as well as screening of obtained data have been carried out before the treatment, in its process and after the course. Pregnant @entity1 have been under the supervision, to whom according to various indications (rhesus-imcompatibility, @entity1701 , early interruption of pregnancy with disorder of the system of hemostasis basically towards hypercoagulation) has been carried out curative discrete plasmapheresis. All pregnant @entity1 have been diagnosed by the @entity2522 of varying severity. After completion of curative course of plasmapheresis has been carried out evaluation of @entity1 ' condition. It has been reached improvement of subjective and objective data, regulation of hemoreological data in gingival tissue (0,21-0,23 Ohm). Respectively, the period of recurrence-free course of disease have been increased and the quality of @entity1 ' life have been improved.

title: Ways of optimization of pregnancy XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'Pregnancy gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['gingival edema']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipidic syndrome']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of a formal, structured, nonpharmacological treatment for apathetic @entity303 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A controlled, cross-over, randomized, simple-blind, multicentre clinical trial. A total of 146 institutionalized or day care @entity303 @entity1 with a stage 1 or 2 Clinical @entity303 Rating, with no significant motor or sensory problems, or with rapidly evolving @entity303 and in a clinically stable state were recruited. A cognitive mini examination, and functional, @entity308 , and potential @entity137 scales, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), and @entity303 Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR) scales were applied at baseline. @entity1 were randomized to initial intervention (music and art therapy and psychomotor activity) or initial control (free activities in the day room) and changed over at 4 weeks. NPI-Q and DAIR scales were administered at the end of weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS: A significant difference between intervention and control periods, as measured using the DAIR scale, was observed, with a difference of 0.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.34, P<0.005). The difference was very important in the @entity1 with moderated apathy. However, differences were not so important in the @entity1 with severe apathy and there were no differences at all in the non-apathetic @entity1 . No significant differences were found with the NPI-Q scale, although there was a clear improvement trend in the "apathy" question on this scale. This effect seems to extend beyond the therapeutic intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: A structured, nonpharmacological, short-term occupational therapy intervention is more useful than activities of the @entity1 ' own choice for improving apathy in @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity303 .

title: The efficacy of nonpharmacological treatment for XXXX -related apathy.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Hospital acquired @entity281 caused by enterococci are increasing in incidence. This increase has been attributed, in part, to widespread use of @entity5898 antibiotics which lack activity against enterococci. To test this hypothesis, we compared @entity1 having @entity580 with those @entity1 having nosocomial @entity1793 for antecedant @entity5898 use. In a six month period, we found 14 instances of nosocomial enterococcal wound and @entity1729 ; 13 were superinfections (occurring during or up to one week after administration of antimicrobials). Seven had coexisting pathogens noted. In the same six month period, 30 instances of @entity794 nosocomial respiratory tract and wound @entity281 were found and only 13 were superinfections (p less than 0.002 compared with enterococcal superinfections). Nine had coexisting pathogens noted. The mean age, gender distribution and underlying illnesses in the @entity794 and enterococcal superinfection groups were comparable. Of the 14 instances of @entity580 , 11 were associated with administration of a @entity5898 compared with seven of 30 for @entity1793 (p less than 0.002). @entity580 are commonly associated with antimicrobial therapy and the use of @entity2886 may selectively predispose @entity1 to increased risk of enterococcal superinfections.

title: @entity580 due to XXXX and enterococci in a general hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial enterococcal pulmonary and wound infections', 'Nosocomial enterococcal infections', 'enterococcal nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal infections']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Hospital acquired @entity281 caused by enterococci are increasing in incidence. This increase has been attributed, in part, to widespread use of @entity5898 antibiotics which lack activity against enterococci. To test this hypothesis, we compared @entity1 having @entity580 with those @entity1 having nosocomial @entity1793 for antecedant @entity5898 use. In a six month period, we found 14 instances of nosocomial enterococcal wound and @entity1729 ; 13 were superinfections (occurring during or up to one week after administration of antimicrobials). Seven had coexisting pathogens noted. In the same six month period, 30 instances of @entity794 nosocomial respiratory tract and wound @entity281 were found and only 13 were superinfections (p less than 0.002 compared with enterococcal superinfections). Nine had coexisting pathogens noted. The mean age, gender distribution and underlying illnesses in the @entity794 and enterococcal superinfection groups were comparable. Of the 14 instances of @entity580 , 11 were associated with administration of a @entity5898 compared with seven of 30 for @entity1793 (p less than 0.002). @entity580 are commonly associated with antimicrobial therapy and the use of @entity2886 may selectively predispose @entity1 to increased risk of enterococcal superinfections.

title: XXXX due to @entity794 and enterococci in a general hospital.

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Comparison of nosocomial infections']


abstract: Clinical and experimental evidence attests to the neurological and psychological benefits of physical exercise. Prescribing exercise for @entity1 after @entity5 has the potential to facilitate recovery, performance and development, with consequent improvement in quality of life and long-term outcome. However, could a school take up the prescription for a @entity1 's individual exercise programme? As a preliminary to an intervention study, all primary and secondary schools in two Scottish regions were surveyed. The aim was to evaluate the utility of prescribing exercise as part of a @entity1 's individual rehabilitation plan and to investigate awareness in schools of the potential benefits of exercise for cognition and behaviour. Approximately half the respondents indicated that extra physical exercise sessions could be incorporated into the school day. The main difficulties preventing such inclusion were identified as a lack of staff for supervision and timetabling problems. However, there was also a high level (>70%) of lack of information about what a @entity1 could be expected to do after @entity5 . Further, more respondents (approximately 60%) anticipated benefits of exercise for social development than for academic progress (approximately 35%). These results emphasize the necessity of clear and specific liaison with a school when planning and implementing a @entity1 's long-term rehabilitation programme.

title: Rehabilitation and development after XXXX : can the need for physical exercise be met?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['childhood cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing immunosuppressant utilization and expenditure is a worldwide challenge as more @entity1 successfully live with transplanted organs. Our aims were to characterize utilization of @entity6051 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 in Australian transplant recipients from 2007 to 2013; to identify specific patterns of usage; and to compare Australian utilization with Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Australian utilization and expenditure data were captured through national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Highly Specialized Drug administrative databases. Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands utilization were retrieved from their healthcare databases. Utilization was compared as defined daily dose per 1000 population per day ( @entity3603 /1000 population/day). Data on kidney transplant recipients, the predominant @entity1 group prescribed these medicines, were obtained from international transplant registries. RESULTS: From 2007-2013 Australian utilization of @entity3442 , @entity1140 and @entity2239 increased 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold, respectively. Use of @entity205 and @entity3446 decreased 20% and 30%, respectively. Australian utilization was significantly lower than European utilization (2013) but was increasing at a faster rate. Total Australian expenditure increased approximately AUD 30 million over the study period to almost AUD 100 million in 2013. Kidney transplantation rates increased across each country over this time, with Australia having the lowest rate. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppressant usage and subsequent expenditure are rising in Australia and Northern Europe. With increased numbers of @entity1 living with transplants, and the observed growth potential predicted from Northern European data, this class of medicines can be expected to continue consuming an increasing share of Australian pharmaceutical expenditure into the future.

title: Multinational Evaluation of @entity3442 , XXXX , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 Utilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing immunosuppressant utilization and expenditure is a worldwide challenge as more @entity1 successfully live with transplanted organs. Our aims were to characterize utilization of @entity6051 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 in Australian transplant recipients from 2007 to 2013; to identify specific patterns of usage; and to compare Australian utilization with Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Australian utilization and expenditure data were captured through national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Highly Specialized Drug administrative databases. Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands utilization were retrieved from their healthcare databases. Utilization was compared as defined daily dose per 1000 population per day ( @entity3603 /1000 population/day). Data on kidney transplant recipients, the predominant @entity1 group prescribed these medicines, were obtained from international transplant registries. RESULTS: From 2007-2013 Australian utilization of @entity3442 , @entity1140 and @entity2239 increased 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold, respectively. Use of @entity205 and @entity3446 decreased 20% and 30%, respectively. Australian utilization was significantly lower than European utilization (2013) but was increasing at a faster rate. Total Australian expenditure increased approximately AUD 30 million over the study period to almost AUD 100 million in 2013. Kidney transplantation rates increased across each country over this time, with Australia having the lowest rate. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppressant usage and subsequent expenditure are rising in Australia and Northern Europe. With increased numbers of @entity1 living with transplants, and the observed growth potential predicted from Northern European data, this class of medicines can be expected to continue consuming an increasing share of Australian pharmaceutical expenditure into the future.

title: Multinational Evaluation of XXXX , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 Utilization.

answer: @entity3442 :: (MESH:D009173,Chemical) :: ['Mycophenolic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing immunosuppressant utilization and expenditure is a worldwide challenge as more @entity1 successfully live with transplanted organs. Our aims were to characterize utilization of @entity6051 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 in Australian transplant recipients from 2007 to 2013; to identify specific patterns of usage; and to compare Australian utilization with Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Australian utilization and expenditure data were captured through national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Highly Specialized Drug administrative databases. Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands utilization were retrieved from their healthcare databases. Utilization was compared as defined daily dose per 1000 population per day ( @entity3603 /1000 population/day). Data on kidney transplant recipients, the predominant @entity1 group prescribed these medicines, were obtained from international transplant registries. RESULTS: From 2007-2013 Australian utilization of @entity3442 , @entity1140 and @entity2239 increased 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold, respectively. Use of @entity205 and @entity3446 decreased 20% and 30%, respectively. Australian utilization was significantly lower than European utilization (2013) but was increasing at a faster rate. Total Australian expenditure increased approximately AUD 30 million over the study period to almost AUD 100 million in 2013. Kidney transplantation rates increased across each country over this time, with Australia having the lowest rate. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppressant usage and subsequent expenditure are rising in Australia and Northern Europe. With increased numbers of @entity1 living with transplants, and the observed growth potential predicted from Northern European data, this class of medicines can be expected to continue consuming an increasing share of Australian pharmaceutical expenditure into the future.

title: Multinational Evaluation of @entity3442 , @entity1140 , XXXX , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 Utilization.

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing immunosuppressant utilization and expenditure is a worldwide challenge as more @entity1 successfully live with transplanted organs. Our aims were to characterize utilization of @entity6051 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 in Australian transplant recipients from 2007 to 2013; to identify specific patterns of usage; and to compare Australian utilization with Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Australian utilization and expenditure data were captured through national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Highly Specialized Drug administrative databases. Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands utilization were retrieved from their healthcare databases. Utilization was compared as defined daily dose per 1000 population per day ( @entity3603 /1000 population/day). Data on kidney transplant recipients, the predominant @entity1 group prescribed these medicines, were obtained from international transplant registries. RESULTS: From 2007-2013 Australian utilization of @entity3442 , @entity1140 and @entity2239 increased 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold, respectively. Use of @entity205 and @entity3446 decreased 20% and 30%, respectively. Australian utilization was significantly lower than European utilization (2013) but was increasing at a faster rate. Total Australian expenditure increased approximately AUD 30 million over the study period to almost AUD 100 million in 2013. Kidney transplantation rates increased across each country over this time, with Australia having the lowest rate. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppressant usage and subsequent expenditure are rising in Australia and Northern Europe. With increased numbers of @entity1 living with transplants, and the observed growth potential predicted from Northern European data, this class of medicines can be expected to continue consuming an increasing share of Australian pharmaceutical expenditure into the future.

title: Multinational Evaluation of @entity3442 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and XXXX Utilization.

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing immunosuppressant utilization and expenditure is a worldwide challenge as more @entity1 successfully live with transplanted organs. Our aims were to characterize utilization of @entity6051 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 in Australian transplant recipients from 2007 to 2013; to identify specific patterns of usage; and to compare Australian utilization with Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Australian utilization and expenditure data were captured through national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Highly Specialized Drug administrative databases. Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands utilization were retrieved from their healthcare databases. Utilization was compared as defined daily dose per 1000 population per day ( @entity3603 /1000 population/day). Data on kidney transplant recipients, the predominant @entity1 group prescribed these medicines, were obtained from international transplant registries. RESULTS: From 2007-2013 Australian utilization of @entity3442 , @entity1140 and @entity2239 increased 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold, respectively. Use of @entity205 and @entity3446 decreased 20% and 30%, respectively. Australian utilization was significantly lower than European utilization (2013) but was increasing at a faster rate. Total Australian expenditure increased approximately AUD 30 million over the study period to almost AUD 100 million in 2013. Kidney transplantation rates increased across each country over this time, with Australia having the lowest rate. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppressant usage and subsequent expenditure are rising in Australia and Northern Europe. With increased numbers of @entity1 living with transplants, and the observed growth potential predicted from Northern European data, this class of medicines can be expected to continue consuming an increasing share of Australian pharmaceutical expenditure into the future.

title: Multinational Evaluation of @entity3442 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , XXXX , and @entity2239 Utilization.

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tension-free skin closure after partial aponeurectomy of fingers in @entity2074 with @entity1159 . INDICATIONS: Contractures of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint >30   in @entity2074 cannot sufficiently treated by Z-plasty due to the contracted @entity272 . CONTRAINDICATIONS: @entity3145 or impaired circulation in the operation region and infections. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The primary plan is to place a sliding flap into the incision line with the PIP joint in a flexed position, under regional anesthesia and temporary arrest of the blood supply of the upper arm by cuffing. Definitive incising round the sliding flap after achieving a PIP extension position and covering of the sliding flap either by another dorsal side flap or by full thickness skin graft. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Immobilization in a palmar splint, hand physiotherapy and massaging of the scar. RESULTS: In the time period June 2008 to December 2010 a total of 40 @entity1 were surgically treated. The preoperative angle of contracture in the PIP joint was 30-60   in 25 @entity1 (group 1), 60-90   in 10 @entity1 (group 2) and >  90   in 5 @entity1 (group 3). The angle of contracture 12 months postoperatively was 10-15   in group 1, 20-30   in group 2 and 30-40   in group 3 and after 24 months 15-20   in group 1, 30-45   in group 2 and 40-60   in group 3 . The angle of contracture of the PIP joint was greatest for digit 5. Revision surgery resulted in a poorer outcome. Recovery of sensation lasted up to 2 years after surgery. Complications which occurred were problems in wound healing (4), loss of a flap (1), partial loss of the skin transplant without revision (3), arthrodesis (1) and amputation of digit  5 (1).

title: [Flap plasty in advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin conditions']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's disease']


abstract: Isoniazid is an efficacious treatment for @entity9178 . Concerns remain, however, regarding hepatotoxicity associated with this medication. In addition, adherence may be suboptimal because at least 6 months of treatment is required. We extracted information from our @entity9178 treatment database to determine adverse effects and treatment completion rates associated with the use of @entity3109 at a county @entity378 clinic. Outcomes were available for 3,788 @entity1 started on isoniazid between 1999 and 2002. Six hundred seventy-two @entity1 (18%) experienced one or more adverse effects, including 10 (0.3%) determined to have isoniazid-associated @entity99 . No hospitalizations or @entity204 occurred in @entity1 experiencing an adverse effect. A higher incidence of adverse effects was associated with increasing age. Sixty-four percent of @entity1 completed at least 6 months of isoniazid. Higher completion rates were associated with younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, and non-U.S. country of birth. Lower completion rates were associated with being homelessness, using excess @entity167 , and having experienced an adverse effect. In summary, we conclude that in our clinic population isoniazid is a safe therapy for @entity9178 , but its effectiveness is limited by modest completion rates.

title: Use of isoniazid for latent XXXX in a public health clinic.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis infection']


abstract: @entity35 were treated with @entity8161 ( @entity8161 ) acutely or daily for 14 days. The involvement of various presynaptic and postsynaptic functions of the cholinergic system in the development of tolerance to DFP was studied. Receptor density and affinity of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, high-affinity @entity1877 uptake, and [K+]-evoked release of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) by @entity3897 were not changed after acute administration of 2 mg/kg DFP. Both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors were down-regulated to the same extent (40-50%) after subacute administration of DFP (1 mg/kg) without changes in their affinities. Binding sites of muscarinic receptors were maximally decreased after 7 days of DFP administration. Thereafter, they remained constant throughout 14 days of administration. One hour after the last injection of 2 mg/kg DFP to subacutely treated @entity35 , the maximum velocity of high-affinity @entity1877 uptake was significantly decreased in the striatum (33%) and hippocampus (53%) without changes in Km values. Twenty-four hours after the last injection of DFP, only a higher dose of DFP (2 mg/kg) significantly inhibited @entity1877 uptake. @entity972 -evoked release of @entity1617 by slices of striatum was not different between acutely and subacutely treated @entity35 . However, the release of @entity1617 by slices of striatum and hippocampus was significantly increased by @entity3897 in subacutely treated @entity35 . It is suggested that along with the down-regulation of the postsynaptic receptors, subsensitivity of presynaptic functions of the cholinergic synapse also develops during subacute administration of DFP.

title: Evidence for the involvement of presynaptic cholinergic functions in tolerance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity8161 :: ('MESH:D007531', 'Chemical') :: ['diisopropylfluorophosphate', 'DFP']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity8161 :: (MESH:D007531,Chemical) :: ['diisopropylfluorophosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One of the hemodynamic consequences of @entity472 is pressure overload leading to left @entity384 . Left atrial size is a known risk factor providing prognostic information in several cardiac conditions. It is not known if this is also the case in @entity1 with @entity472 after aortic valve replacement. METHODS: A total of 119 @entity1 with severe @entity472 scheduled for aortic valve replacement were evaluated preoperatively and divided into 2 groups according to left atrial volume index (>= 40 mL/m(2)). Echocardiography was repeated 12 months after surgery. @entity1 were followed up for 24 months. The primary end point was the composite end point overall mortality and hospitalization due to @entity712 . RESULTS: Preoperative left atrial dilation was associated with @entity4346 and increased filling pressure. Preoperative left atrial volume index was associated with persistent abnormalities in left ventricular filling pressure and left ventricular mass index at 1 year after surgery. Event-free survival in @entity1 with left atrial volume index of 40 mL/m(2) or more at 1 year was 71% compared with 88% in @entity1 with left atrial volume index less than 40 mL/m(2) (P = .002). @entity1 with preoperative increased E/e' ratio and @entity4346 were at increased risk. In Cox regression analysis after correcting for standard risk factors, left atrial volume index was found to be the only significant predictor of the composite end point. In a forward conditional multivariable model, left atrial volume index 40 mL/m(2) or greater (hazard ratio, 4.2 [1.6-10.7]; P = .003) remained an independent predictor, whereas E/e' was borderline significant (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with symptomatic severe @entity472 undergoing aortic valve replacement, left atrial volume provides important prognostic information beyond standard risk factors.

title: Noninvasive assessment of filling pressure and left atrial pressure overload in severe XXXX : relation to ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome after aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic valve stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) achieve an intermediate or primed state of activation following stimulation with certain agonists. Primed @entity6415 have enhanced responsiveness to subsequent stimuli, which can be beneficial in eliminating microbes but may cause host tissue damage in certain disease contexts, including @entity295 . As @entity6415 priming by @entity2939 agonists is well described, we hypothesized that ligation of @entity26087 or @entity2938 /6 would prime @entity6415 . Surprisingly, @entity6415 from only a subset of donors were primed in response to the @entity26087 agonist, Pam3CSK4, although @entity6415 from all donors were primed by the @entity26165 agonist, @entity36459 . Priming responses included generation of intracellular and extracellular reactive @entity26 species, MAPK phosphorylation, integrin activation, secondary granule exocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Genotyping studies revealed that @entity6415 responsiveness to Pam3CSK4 was enhanced by a common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in @entity11709 ( @entity41642 ). Notably, @entity6415 from donors with the SNP had higher surface levels of @entity11709 and were demonstrated to have enhanced association of @entity11709 with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone @entity19892 . We analyzed @entity11709 genotypes in a pediatric @entity295 database and found that @entity1 with @entity295 or @entity326 who had a positive blood culture and were homozygous for the SNP associated with neutrophil priming had prolonged pediatric intensive care unit length of stay. We conclude that this @entity11709 SNP leads to excessive @entity6415 priming in response to cell stimulation. Based on our finding that septic @entity1 with this SNP had longer pediatric intensive care unit stays, we speculate that this SNP results in hyperinflammation in diseases such as @entity295 .

title: A Common Genetic Variant in XXXX Enhances @entity1 Neutrophil Priming and Impacts Length of Intensive Care Stay in Pediatric Sepsis.

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['Polymorphonuclear leukocytes', 'PMN']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity11709 :: (7096,Gene) :: ['TLR1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) achieve an intermediate or primed state of activation following stimulation with certain agonists. Primed @entity6415 have enhanced responsiveness to subsequent stimuli, which can be beneficial in eliminating microbes but may cause host tissue damage in certain disease contexts, including @entity295 . As @entity6415 priming by @entity2939 agonists is well described, we hypothesized that ligation of @entity26087 or @entity2938 /6 would prime @entity6415 . Surprisingly, @entity6415 from only a subset of donors were primed in response to the @entity26087 agonist, Pam3CSK4, although @entity6415 from all donors were primed by the @entity26165 agonist, @entity36459 . Priming responses included generation of intracellular and extracellular reactive @entity26 species, MAPK phosphorylation, integrin activation, secondary granule exocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Genotyping studies revealed that @entity6415 responsiveness to Pam3CSK4 was enhanced by a common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in @entity11709 ( @entity41642 ). Notably, @entity6415 from donors with the SNP had higher surface levels of @entity11709 and were demonstrated to have enhanced association of @entity11709 with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone @entity19892 . We analyzed @entity11709 genotypes in a pediatric @entity295 database and found that @entity1 with @entity295 or @entity326 who had a positive blood culture and were homozygous for the SNP associated with neutrophil priming had prolonged pediatric intensive care unit length of stay. We conclude that this @entity11709 SNP leads to excessive @entity6415 priming in response to cell stimulation. Based on our finding that septic @entity1 with this SNP had longer pediatric intensive care unit stays, we speculate that this SNP results in hyperinflammation in diseases such as @entity295 .

title: A Common Genetic Variant in @entity11709 Enhances XXXX Neutrophil Priming and Impacts Length of Intensive Care Stay in Pediatric Sepsis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity303 , @entity195 ( @entity195 ) in particular is a global problem and big threat to the aging population. An image based computer-aided @entity303 diagnosis method is needed to providing doctors help during medical image examination. Many machine learning based @entity303 classification methods using medical imaging have been proposed and most of them achieve accurate results. However, most of these methods make use of supervised learning requiring fully labeled image dataset, which usually is not practical in real clinical environment. Using large amount of unlabeled images can improve the @entity303 classification performance. In this study we propose a new semi-supervised @entity303 classification method based on random manifold learning with affinity regularization. Three groups of spatial features are extracted from positron emission tomography (PET) images to construct an unsupervised random forest which is then used to regularize the manifold learning objective function. The proposed method, stat-of-the-art Laplacian support vector machine (LapSVM) and supervised SVM are applied to classify @entity195 and normal controls (NC). The experiment results show that learning with unlabeled images indeed improves the classification performance. And our method outperforms LapSVM on the same dataset.

title: Semi-supervised manifold learning with affinity regularization for XXXX identification using positron emission tomography imaging.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1318 @entity1 who underwent Heller cardiomyotomy with Toupet's fundoplication have excellent results in a previous report data. However, the result with open technique has not been reported in Thai. OBJECTIVE: To study the immediate and long-term outcome of open transabdominal Heller cardiomyotomy with Toupet's fundoplication in @entity1318 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective review of all @entity1318 @entity1 who underwent open Heller cardiomyotomy with Toupet's fundoplication in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand during the past ten years (1997-2007). The data was analysis with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Twenty-two cases (11 male) were included in this study. Mean age was 40 years. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 62.5 months. Ninety-one percent of @entity1 were free from @entity1282 immediately after operation. There was no early @entity260 . Three @entity1 had relapse symptom (14%). Mean follow-up time in the present study was 30 months. CONCLUSION: Open @entity195 with augmented Toupet's fundoplication done by experienced surgeons is an effective technique to treat @entity1318 @entity1 in our center.

title: XXXX with augmented Toupet's fundoplication immediate and long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'Achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["transabdominal Heller's cardiomyotomy"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Heller's cardiomyotomy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current study evaluates the feasibility and safety of coil embolisation of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) for the treatment of complicated anterior communicating @entity438 (ACoAAs). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Five @entity1 presented with a @entity510 caused by a ruptured ACoAA. The ACoAA morphologies were well defined by three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Two of the ACoAAs were tiny (<3   mm in diameter), and the remaining three ACoAAs were small (3-5   mm in diameter). All of the @entity439 were localised to the ACoA. The projection of the @entity439 dome was defined as being oriented superiorly or posteriorly in all five @entity439 . We performed a superselective catheterisation of each @entity439 , and we subsequently performed coil embolisation with balloon, stent or microcatheter assistance. Angiography and clinical follow-up occurred 3-6 months after the procedure. Clinical follow-up data were collected and retrospectively analysed, and @entity1 responses were categorised as fully recovered, improved, unchanged or aggravated. RESULTS: All five @entity1 with ACoAA were treated successfully using coil embolisation. In three @entity1 , both the @entity439 sac and the ACoA were embolised using coils, and in two @entity1 , only the ACoA was embolised. Acute angiography showed occlusion of the @entity439 and ACoA. Follow-up angiography confirmed complete occlusion of the @entity439 sac, and no ACoAA recurrence was detected in any of the @entity1 . In clinical follow-up visits, none of the @entity1 had @entity548 or had a @entity64 . CONCLUSION: Combined coil embolism of the @entity439 sac and the ACoA could be a feasible and safe method for the treatment of complicated ACoAAs without bilateral aplasia of the A1 segment.

title: Treatment of complex ruptured anterior communicating XXXX by endovascular coil embolisation of the anterior communicating artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhaged']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['arterial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['arterial aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is an @entity792 that is characterized by the specific destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic b cells. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been associated with development of @entity1723 . @entity72567 ( @entity72567 ) is expressed on activated iNKT, @entity405 (+), and @entity404 (+) T cells, and it is associated with the pro-inflammatory profiles of these cells. @entity72568 gene expression in @entity5168 (+) lymphocytes from non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 is associated with @entity1723 onset. However, expression of @entity72567 on T cells from @entity1 with @entity1723 has not yet been evaluated. We compared iNKT cell ( @entity5168 (+)Va24(+)Vb11(+)) numbers and @entity72567 expression in a Mexican population with recent-onset @entity1723 and their first-degree relatives with control families. Remarkably, we found lower iNKT cell numbers in @entity1723 families, and we identified two iNKT cell populations in some of the families. One iNKT cell population expressed high iTCR levels (iNKT(hi)), whereas another expressed low levels (iNKT(lo)) and also expressed @entity72567 . These findings support a probable genetic determinant of iNKT cell numbers and a possible role for these cells in @entity1723 development. This study also suggests that @entity72567 identifies recently activated iNKT lymphocytes.

title: Reduced iNKT cells numbers in type 1 XXXX @entity1 and their first-degree relatives.

entities_list: @entity72567 :: ('56253', 'Gene') :: ['Class I MHC-restricted T cell-associated molecule', 'CRTAM']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is an @entity792 that is characterized by the specific destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic b cells. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been associated with development of @entity1723 . @entity72567 ( @entity72567 ) is expressed on activated iNKT, @entity405 (+), and @entity404 (+) T cells, and it is associated with the pro-inflammatory profiles of these cells. @entity72568 gene expression in @entity5168 (+) lymphocytes from non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 is associated with @entity1723 onset. However, expression of @entity72567 on T cells from @entity1 with @entity1723 has not yet been evaluated. We compared iNKT cell ( @entity5168 (+)Va24(+)Vb11(+)) numbers and @entity72567 expression in a Mexican population with recent-onset @entity1723 and their first-degree relatives with control families. Remarkably, we found lower iNKT cell numbers in @entity1723 families, and we identified two iNKT cell populations in some of the families. One iNKT cell population expressed high iTCR levels (iNKT(hi)), whereas another expressed low levels (iNKT(lo)) and also expressed @entity72567 . These findings support a probable genetic determinant of iNKT cell numbers and a possible role for these cells in @entity1723 development. This study also suggests that @entity72567 identifies recently activated iNKT lymphocytes.

title: Reduced iNKT cells numbers in type 1 @entity6 XXXX and their first-degree relatives.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multicenter clinical trials have established that the adjunctive use of the subgingival controlled release of @entity1216 , (CHX chip), significantly reduces @entity92 ( @entity92 ), improves clinical attachment levels, and reduces @entity548 on probing compared to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone for periods of up to 9 months. The present report is based on a phase IV clinical trial to examine the adjunctive use of the CHX chip for routine periodontal maintenance therapy (RPMT) over 2 years. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five (835) @entity1 were recruited into the study. At baseline a CHX chip was placed in pocket sites with @entity92 > or = 5 mm. The @entity1 were scheduled to receive RPMT at 3-month intervals with repeated CHX chip placement at sites where the @entity92 remained > or = 5 mm. @entity1 who did not attend the 24-month recall visit or who failed to attend 2 consecutive time frame examinations were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS: The 595 @entity1 included showed a continuous decrease in @entity92 over 2 years of 0.95 mm. After 2 years, 23.2% of @entity1 had at least 2 pockets showing a reduction in @entity92 of 2 mm or more and 58.9% of the sites had been reduced to a @entity92 of < 5 mm. Only 2.9% (n = 57) of the sites showed an increase in @entity92 of > or = 2 mm. Adverse events were mild to moderate in nature and resolved spontaneously without medication. CONCLUSION: The results of this Phase IV or follow-up trial indicate that the adjunctive use of the CHX chip is a clinically safe and effective treatment option for long-term management of @entity7278 .

title: Probing depth changes following 2 years of periodontal maintenance therapy including adjunctive controlled release of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5924 is the most common lower respiratory tract disease among @entity1 and results in 35 admissions per 1000 @entity1 in Canada. We describe the epidemiology of @entity5924 presentations to @entity341 ( @entity341 ) made by @entity1 (aged  <=2 years) in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: Provincial administrative databases were used to obtain all @entity2613 encounters for @entity5924 during April 1999 to March 2005. Information included demographics, @entity2613 visit timing, and subsequent visits to non- @entity2613 settings. Data analysis included summaries and standardized rates. RESULTS: There were 26,742 @entity2613 visits for @entity5924 made by 18,155 @entity1 . Most (74.9%) had only 1 @entity5924 -related @entity2613 visit; males (60.6% of @entity2613 visits, 59.8% of @entity1 ) more commonly presented than females. The standardized rates increased from 23.2 to 46.7 per 1000 in 1999/2000 to 2000/2001 and decreased gradually to 38.8 per 1000 in 2004/2005. Of the total visits, 22.6% required hospitalization. In a discharged subset, 10.4% had a repeat @entity2613 visit within 7 days. Most @entity1 (63.3%) had yet to have a non- @entity2613 follow-up visit by 1 week; median time to the first follow-up was 18 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5924 is a common presenting problem in Alberta @entity341 , and further study of these trends is required to understand variation in presentations. The important findings include different trends in rates for the first 3 years before a gradual decrease, disparities based on age, sex, and socioeconomic/cultural status, and the low rate of early follow-up. Targeted interventions could be implemented to reduce @entity5924 -related hospitalizations.

title: Presentations of @entity1 to @entity341 in Alberta, Canada, for XXXX : a large population-based study.

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis', 'bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5924 is the most common lower respiratory tract disease among @entity1 and results in 35 admissions per 1000 @entity1 in Canada. We describe the epidemiology of @entity5924 presentations to @entity341 ( @entity341 ) made by @entity1 (aged  <=2 years) in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: Provincial administrative databases were used to obtain all @entity2613 encounters for @entity5924 during April 1999 to March 2005. Information included demographics, @entity2613 visit timing, and subsequent visits to non- @entity2613 settings. Data analysis included summaries and standardized rates. RESULTS: There were 26,742 @entity2613 visits for @entity5924 made by 18,155 @entity1 . Most (74.9%) had only 1 @entity5924 -related @entity2613 visit; males (60.6% of @entity2613 visits, 59.8% of @entity1 ) more commonly presented than females. The standardized rates increased from 23.2 to 46.7 per 1000 in 1999/2000 to 2000/2001 and decreased gradually to 38.8 per 1000 in 2004/2005. Of the total visits, 22.6% required hospitalization. In a discharged subset, 10.4% had a repeat @entity2613 visit within 7 days. Most @entity1 (63.3%) had yet to have a non- @entity2613 follow-up visit by 1 week; median time to the first follow-up was 18 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5924 is a common presenting problem in Alberta @entity341 , and further study of these trends is required to understand variation in presentations. The important findings include different trends in rates for the first 3 years before a gradual decrease, disparities based on age, sex, and socioeconomic/cultural status, and the low rate of early follow-up. Targeted interventions could be implemented to reduce @entity5924 -related hospitalizations.

title: Presentations of @entity1 to XXXX in Alberta, Canada, for @entity5924 : a large population-based study.

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5924 is the most common lower respiratory tract disease among @entity1 and results in 35 admissions per 1000 @entity1 in Canada. We describe the epidemiology of @entity5924 presentations to @entity341 ( @entity341 ) made by @entity1 (aged  <=2 years) in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: Provincial administrative databases were used to obtain all @entity2613 encounters for @entity5924 during April 1999 to March 2005. Information included demographics, @entity2613 visit timing, and subsequent visits to non- @entity2613 settings. Data analysis included summaries and standardized rates. RESULTS: There were 26,742 @entity2613 visits for @entity5924 made by 18,155 @entity1 . Most (74.9%) had only 1 @entity5924 -related @entity2613 visit; males (60.6% of @entity2613 visits, 59.8% of @entity1 ) more commonly presented than females. The standardized rates increased from 23.2 to 46.7 per 1000 in 1999/2000 to 2000/2001 and decreased gradually to 38.8 per 1000 in 2004/2005. Of the total visits, 22.6% required hospitalization. In a discharged subset, 10.4% had a repeat @entity2613 visit within 7 days. Most @entity1 (63.3%) had yet to have a non- @entity2613 follow-up visit by 1 week; median time to the first follow-up was 18 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5924 is a common presenting problem in Alberta @entity341 , and further study of these trends is required to understand variation in presentations. The important findings include different trends in rates for the first 3 years before a gradual decrease, disparities based on age, sex, and socioeconomic/cultural status, and the low rate of early follow-up. Targeted interventions could be implemented to reduce @entity5924 -related hospitalizations.

title: Presentations of XXXX to @entity341 in Alberta, Canada, for @entity5924 : a large population-based study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: 1. The clearance and elimination half-lives for i.v. doses of @entity4591 were determined in 6 groups of 6 male CD @entity35 with no prior treatment, then again following 7 days treatment with graded oral doses of @entity1363 , and finally after 3 i.p. doses of @entity109 . 2. Substantial increases in clearance and decreases in half-lives were observed following @entity109 treatment, demonstrating that @entity4591 provides a reliable index of enzyme induction. 3. After treatment with @entity1363 , maximal induction was seen in animals dosed at 27 or 80 mg/kg per day; an intermediate effect was found with 9 mg/kg per day and no effect at 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg per day. 4. The results indicate that there is a substantial margin of safety between the proposed @entity1 therapeutic doses (7.5 to 15 mg/day) and the minimum effective dose that leads to enzyme induction in laboratory animals.

title: The effect of @entity1363 administration on the pharmacokinetics of XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity4591 :: ('MESH:D000983', 'Chemical') :: ['antipyrine']

answer: @entity4591 :: (MESH:D000983,Chemical) :: ['antipyrine']


abstract: 1. The clearance and elimination half-lives for i.v. doses of @entity4591 were determined in 6 groups of 6 male CD @entity35 with no prior treatment, then again following 7 days treatment with graded oral doses of @entity1363 , and finally after 3 i.p. doses of @entity109 . 2. Substantial increases in clearance and decreases in half-lives were observed following @entity109 treatment, demonstrating that @entity4591 provides a reliable index of enzyme induction. 3. After treatment with @entity1363 , maximal induction was seen in animals dosed at 27 or 80 mg/kg per day; an intermediate effect was found with 9 mg/kg per day and no effect at 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg per day. 4. The results indicate that there is a substantial margin of safety between the proposed @entity1 therapeutic doses (7.5 to 15 mg/day) and the minimum effective dose that leads to enzyme induction in laboratory animals.

title: The effect of XXXX administration on the pharmacokinetics of @entity4591 in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: 1. The clearance and elimination half-lives for i.v. doses of @entity4591 were determined in 6 groups of 6 male CD @entity35 with no prior treatment, then again following 7 days treatment with graded oral doses of @entity1363 , and finally after 3 i.p. doses of @entity109 . 2. Substantial increases in clearance and decreases in half-lives were observed following @entity109 treatment, demonstrating that @entity4591 provides a reliable index of enzyme induction. 3. After treatment with @entity1363 , maximal induction was seen in animals dosed at 27 or 80 mg/kg per day; an intermediate effect was found with 9 mg/kg per day and no effect at 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg per day. 4. The results indicate that there is a substantial margin of safety between the proposed @entity1 therapeutic doses (7.5 to 15 mg/day) and the minimum effective dose that leads to enzyme induction in laboratory animals.

title: The effect of @entity1363 administration on the pharmacokinetics of @entity4591 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein ( @entity9618 ) is a small extramatrix-associated protein. Its production increases during angiogenesis and enhances @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) expression. The goal of this study was to show the clinical relevance of @entity9618 and its relation to @entity1476 expression in @entity418 @entity1 . METHODS: The authors investigated @entity9618 mRNA expression in 48 tissue samples of @entity5 characterized by @entity1476 mRNA expression in a Northern blot analysis. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were also performed in @entity418 tissue samples. RESULTS: All 48 tissue specimens had high expression of @entity9618 mRNA. Quantitative evaluation showed that high @entity9618 mRNA was associated significantly with lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.05) and poorer prognosis (P = 0.025). Expression of @entity9618 mRNA was associated significantly with @entity1476 mRNA expression (R = 0.65; P < 0.01). Both @entity9618 and @entity1476 were immunolocalized intensely in @entity189 and stromal cells, whereas normal esophageal mucosa and submucosa did not express @entity9618 . The 35-kilodalton cleaved @entity9618 was detected in @entity418 tissue specimens by Western blot analysis and it was associated with @entity1476 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinical significance, @entity9618 accumulation may reflect a functional correlation with @entity1476 and the associated expression could play a key role in the progression of @entity418 .

title: Clinical significance of secreted protein acidic and rich in @entity418 and its relation to XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein ( @entity9618 ) is a small extramatrix-associated protein. Its production increases during angiogenesis and enhances @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) expression. The goal of this study was to show the clinical relevance of @entity9618 and its relation to @entity1476 expression in @entity418 @entity1 . METHODS: The authors investigated @entity9618 mRNA expression in 48 tissue samples of @entity5 characterized by @entity1476 mRNA expression in a Northern blot analysis. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were also performed in @entity418 tissue samples. RESULTS: All 48 tissue specimens had high expression of @entity9618 mRNA. Quantitative evaluation showed that high @entity9618 mRNA was associated significantly with lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.05) and poorer prognosis (P = 0.025). Expression of @entity9618 mRNA was associated significantly with @entity1476 mRNA expression (R = 0.65; P < 0.01). Both @entity9618 and @entity1476 were immunolocalized intensely in @entity189 and stromal cells, whereas normal esophageal mucosa and submucosa did not express @entity9618 . The 35-kilodalton cleaved @entity9618 was detected in @entity418 tissue specimens by Western blot analysis and it was associated with @entity1476 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinical significance, @entity9618 accumulation may reflect a functional correlation with @entity1476 and the associated expression could play a key role in the progression of @entity418 .

title: Clinical significance of secreted protein acidic and rich in XXXX and its relation to @entity189 progression.

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['cystein in esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy, @entity137 , and pharmacokinetics of @entity1311 administered at a maximum dose density for @entity1 with chemotherapy-na  ve, advanced-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent @entity1149 , a performance status (PS) score of 0-1, and no history of chemotherapy exposure were eligible. @entity1311 , 150 mg/m(2), was administered over 3 hours during Weeks 1-6 of an 8-week cycle. Doses were modified for ANC < 1500/microL or for >or= Grade 2 @entity16 on the day of therapy. Treatment continued until @entity137 or disease progression. Pharmacokinetics were assessed at Weeks 1, 3, and 5 of Cycle 1. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (median age, 64 years; range, 31-81 years) were treated. There were 21 males (PS = 0 for 17). Eleven @entity1 had received previous radiation, 2 had brain metastases, 25 had @entity420 , 23 had Stage IV disease, 6 had StageIIIB disease, and 9 had recurrent disease. Grade 3-4 @entity3028 occurred in 39% of @entity1 . There were no deaths due to @entity137 . Grade 2 or 3 @entity16 occurred in 29% and 24% of @entity1 , respectively. Ten (27%) @entity1 had Grade 3 @entity4854 ( @entity413 concentration > 250 mg/dL). There were 16 partial responses (42%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26-59%). The median survival period was 12.3 months (95% CI, 7.9-19.6%), and the 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 52% (95% CI, 39-71%) and 26% (95% CI, 15-45%), respectively. @entity1311 pharmacokinetics were consistent with published values and clearance was not induced. Older age and @entity4854 were associated with greater @entity2359 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 at 150 mg/m(2) per week x 6 every 8 weeks can be administered safely in the cooperative group setting. These Phase II data are comparable to those associated with combination therapy. The weekly dose-dense schedule may be more active than conventional schedules.

title: Weekly, high-dose @entity1311 in advanced lung carcinoma: a phase II study with pharmacokinetics by the @entity5 and XXXX Group B.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy, @entity137 , and pharmacokinetics of @entity1311 administered at a maximum dose density for @entity1 with chemotherapy-na  ve, advanced-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent @entity1149 , a performance status (PS) score of 0-1, and no history of chemotherapy exposure were eligible. @entity1311 , 150 mg/m(2), was administered over 3 hours during Weeks 1-6 of an 8-week cycle. Doses were modified for ANC < 1500/microL or for >or= Grade 2 @entity16 on the day of therapy. Treatment continued until @entity137 or disease progression. Pharmacokinetics were assessed at Weeks 1, 3, and 5 of Cycle 1. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (median age, 64 years; range, 31-81 years) were treated. There were 21 males (PS = 0 for 17). Eleven @entity1 had received previous radiation, 2 had brain metastases, 25 had @entity420 , 23 had Stage IV disease, 6 had StageIIIB disease, and 9 had recurrent disease. Grade 3-4 @entity3028 occurred in 39% of @entity1 . There were no deaths due to @entity137 . Grade 2 or 3 @entity16 occurred in 29% and 24% of @entity1 , respectively. Ten (27%) @entity1 had Grade 3 @entity4854 ( @entity413 concentration > 250 mg/dL). There were 16 partial responses (42%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26-59%). The median survival period was 12.3 months (95% CI, 7.9-19.6%), and the 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 52% (95% CI, 39-71%) and 26% (95% CI, 15-45%), respectively. @entity1311 pharmacokinetics were consistent with published values and clearance was not induced. Older age and @entity4854 were associated with greater @entity2359 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 at 150 mg/m(2) per week x 6 every 8 weeks can be administered safely in the cooperative group setting. These Phase II data are comparable to those associated with combination therapy. The weekly dose-dense schedule may be more active than conventional schedules.

title: Weekly, high-dose @entity1311 in advanced lung carcinoma: a phase II study with pharmacokinetics by the XXXX and @entity1778 Group B.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy, @entity137 , and pharmacokinetics of @entity1311 administered at a maximum dose density for @entity1 with chemotherapy-na  ve, advanced-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent @entity1149 , a performance status (PS) score of 0-1, and no history of chemotherapy exposure were eligible. @entity1311 , 150 mg/m(2), was administered over 3 hours during Weeks 1-6 of an 8-week cycle. Doses were modified for ANC < 1500/microL or for >or= Grade 2 @entity16 on the day of therapy. Treatment continued until @entity137 or disease progression. Pharmacokinetics were assessed at Weeks 1, 3, and 5 of Cycle 1. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (median age, 64 years; range, 31-81 years) were treated. There were 21 males (PS = 0 for 17). Eleven @entity1 had received previous radiation, 2 had brain metastases, 25 had @entity420 , 23 had Stage IV disease, 6 had StageIIIB disease, and 9 had recurrent disease. Grade 3-4 @entity3028 occurred in 39% of @entity1 . There were no deaths due to @entity137 . Grade 2 or 3 @entity16 occurred in 29% and 24% of @entity1 , respectively. Ten (27%) @entity1 had Grade 3 @entity4854 ( @entity413 concentration > 250 mg/dL). There were 16 partial responses (42%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26-59%). The median survival period was 12.3 months (95% CI, 7.9-19.6%), and the 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 52% (95% CI, 39-71%) and 26% (95% CI, 15-45%), respectively. @entity1311 pharmacokinetics were consistent with published values and clearance was not induced. Older age and @entity4854 were associated with greater @entity2359 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 at 150 mg/m(2) per week x 6 every 8 weeks can be administered safely in the cooperative group setting. These Phase II data are comparable to those associated with combination therapy. The weekly dose-dense schedule may be more active than conventional schedules.

title: Weekly, high-dose XXXX in advanced lung carcinoma: a phase II study with pharmacokinetics by the @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated associations between radiographic evidence of nodal extracapsular extension ( @entity1828 ) and outcomes for locally advanced head and neck @entity1544 (LAHNC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-institution retrospective study of 258 consecutive LAHNC @entity1 with accessible pretreatment contrast-enhanced neck CT scans, who completed definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy. All scans were reviewed by an expert head and neck radiologist for evidence of @entity1828 . Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression multivariate analyses (MVA) were performed to evaluate the impact of @entity1828 on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression free survival (PFS), distant control (DC), and locoregional control (LRC). RESULTS: One-hundred forty @entity1 were @entity1828 -positive and 118 were @entity1828 -negative. The @entity1828 -positive cohort had more cN3 disease (11.6% vs. 0.8%) and heavier smoking histories (60.0% vs. 44.9% with    10-pack-years). The @entity1828 -positive cohort had significantly worse 3-year @entity1349 (64.3% vs. 82.8%, p=0.002), PFS (58.9% vs. 76.0%, p=0.001), DC (72.3% vs. 90.6%, p<0.001), and LRC (75.9% vs. 89.8%, p=0.002). On MVA, @entity1828 independently predicted for worse @entity1349 , PFS, DC, and LRC for LAHNC overall. On subset analysis of @entity5 , @entity1828 was not a significant prognosticator. CONCLUSION: For all sites of LAHNC, except @entity5 , presence of @entity1828 independently predicts for worse disease control and survival. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and demonstrate whether @entity1828 may be considered for risk-stratifying @entity1 for clinical trial design and treatment decisions.

title: Prognostic value of radiographic extracapsular extension in locally advanced head and neck XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell cancers']


abstract: @entity1519 pre-replicative genes are transcribed, by @entity526 RNA polymerase, in two alternative modes: an early mode and a middle mode. Middle mode transcription is under the control of at least one viral protein, pmotA. We have identified two additional viral genes, @entity72569 and motC, that map in the dispensable region of the @entity1519 genome, between genes 39 and 56. pmotB and pmotC are diffusible factors which provide an alternative to the @entity21224 dependent mode of middle transcription of many @entity1519 genes. Deletions of @entity72569 and motC are in fact lethal only in combination with a @entity21224 mutant. @entity72569 controls one of the alternative modes of transcription of the @entity42715 gene. When @entity21224 or @entity72569 are missing, transcription of @entity42715 is quantitatively unaffected; when both are missing the transcription rate drops by about 75%. Control of transcription of the tRNA gene cluster is more complex. Transcription of subcluster 2 is maximally reduced (70%) only by deletions that, besides @entity72569 , cut out an adjacent region. We guess that this adjacent region codes for an additional control element, which we call motC. The @entity72569 gene is situated in a 750-base region between the left end-points of del(39-56)-1 and -4.

title: New control elements of XXXX pre-replicative transcription.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1519 :: (10665,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T4']


abstract: Obesity is known to predispose to @entity27 ( @entity27 ), a condition characterized by repeated episodes of @entity386 or @entity387 during sleep, due to the interruption of airflow through the nose and mouth. These episodes lead to the @entity1949 and to decrease in oxyhaemoglobin saturation. @entity1 with massive @entity28 , with or without daytime @entity2147 should be systematically screened for @entity27 , because many of them appear to be asymptomatic and unaware of their @entity387 . Polysomnography (PSG) in an attended hospital laboratory setting is the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity27 . However portable recording devices can be used for screening with good sensibility and specificity, and even for diagnosis when the @entity27 index is high. However the final diagnosis can only be carried out in a sleep laboratory using PSG by highly-qualified personnel, because of the limitations of the portable recording device. There is a strong association between @entity27 and the risk of traffic accidents. It has been established that @entity27 affects quality of life. There is also increasing evidence that @entity27 is an independent risk factor for @entity455 . This has been successfully demonstrated for @entity101 by prospective studies. But the evidence remains weak for @entity583 , @entity64 or mortality. Treating @entity27 with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice. CPAP improves quality of life, driving simulator performance, blood pressure and sleepiness, as demonstrated by randomised placebo controlled trials. The majority of @entity27 @entity1 are currently not being offered diagnosis testing and treatment. It's a real challenge due to the epidemic increase of @entity28 prevalence. Portable recording devices could be available outside the sleep laboratory in nutrition department, where @entity5845 is treated. This emphasizes the need for a real collaboration between these departments and sleep experts.

title: [How do you really know if the XXXX @entity1 has @entity387 ?].

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation of sleep']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['breathing abnormalities during sleep', 'hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'obese OSA', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Obesity is known to predispose to @entity27 ( @entity27 ), a condition characterized by repeated episodes of @entity386 or @entity387 during sleep, due to the interruption of airflow through the nose and mouth. These episodes lead to the @entity1949 and to decrease in oxyhaemoglobin saturation. @entity1 with massive @entity28 , with or without daytime @entity2147 should be systematically screened for @entity27 , because many of them appear to be asymptomatic and unaware of their @entity387 . Polysomnography (PSG) in an attended hospital laboratory setting is the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity27 . However portable recording devices can be used for screening with good sensibility and specificity, and even for diagnosis when the @entity27 index is high. However the final diagnosis can only be carried out in a sleep laboratory using PSG by highly-qualified personnel, because of the limitations of the portable recording device. There is a strong association between @entity27 and the risk of traffic accidents. It has been established that @entity27 affects quality of life. There is also increasing evidence that @entity27 is an independent risk factor for @entity455 . This has been successfully demonstrated for @entity101 by prospective studies. But the evidence remains weak for @entity583 , @entity64 or mortality. Treating @entity27 with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice. CPAP improves quality of life, driving simulator performance, blood pressure and sleepiness, as demonstrated by randomised placebo controlled trials. The majority of @entity27 @entity1 are currently not being offered diagnosis testing and treatment. It's a real challenge due to the epidemic increase of @entity28 prevalence. Portable recording devices could be available outside the sleep laboratory in nutrition department, where @entity5845 is treated. This emphasizes the need for a real collaboration between these departments and sleep experts.

title: [How do you really know if the @entity28 @entity1 has XXXX ?].

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Obesity is known to predispose to @entity27 ( @entity27 ), a condition characterized by repeated episodes of @entity386 or @entity387 during sleep, due to the interruption of airflow through the nose and mouth. These episodes lead to the @entity1949 and to decrease in oxyhaemoglobin saturation. @entity1 with massive @entity28 , with or without daytime @entity2147 should be systematically screened for @entity27 , because many of them appear to be asymptomatic and unaware of their @entity387 . Polysomnography (PSG) in an attended hospital laboratory setting is the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity27 . However portable recording devices can be used for screening with good sensibility and specificity, and even for diagnosis when the @entity27 index is high. However the final diagnosis can only be carried out in a sleep laboratory using PSG by highly-qualified personnel, because of the limitations of the portable recording device. There is a strong association between @entity27 and the risk of traffic accidents. It has been established that @entity27 affects quality of life. There is also increasing evidence that @entity27 is an independent risk factor for @entity455 . This has been successfully demonstrated for @entity101 by prospective studies. But the evidence remains weak for @entity583 , @entity64 or mortality. Treating @entity27 with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice. CPAP improves quality of life, driving simulator performance, blood pressure and sleepiness, as demonstrated by randomised placebo controlled trials. The majority of @entity27 @entity1 are currently not being offered diagnosis testing and treatment. It's a real challenge due to the epidemic increase of @entity28 prevalence. Portable recording devices could be available outside the sleep laboratory in nutrition department, where @entity5845 is treated. This emphasizes the need for a real collaboration between these departments and sleep experts.

title: [How do you really know if the @entity28 XXXX has @entity387 ?].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the importance of sensitisation to occupational allergens for the occurrence of @entity565 and @entity2490 in bakers. METHODS: This is a nested clinical case-referent study of bakers based on a cohort of Swedish former bakery students. Cases were @entity748 ( n=25) or rhinitic bakers ( n=20). Randomly selected bakers ( n=44) were referents. All subjects underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) with common allergens, flours, fungal alpha-amylase and the storage mite L. destructor. Indices of airway @entity32 were assessed in serum and the nose. RESULTS: Seven of the @entity748 and eight of the rhinitics reported onset of disease during bakery work. Flour SPTs were positive in 43% of the @entity748 or rhinitics vs 16% of referents. The corresponding figures for alpha-amylase were 29%, 25%, and 7%. The odds ratio, adjusted for atopy, for an SPT positive to flour or alpha-amylase for @entity748 with onset during bakery work was 5.8 (95% confidence interval 1.1-32), and 2.6 (0.4-16) for the corresponding rhinitics. The positive predictive value of sensitisation to flour or alpha-amylase in relation to a clinical diagnosis of @entity565 or @entity2490 was 71%. Sensitisation to L. destructor was rare. The indices of airway @entity32 were similar in cases and in referents. CONCLUSIONS: Bakers' @entity565 is associated with sensitisation to flour and/or alpha-amylase, atopy taken into account. A similar association was suggested in bakers' @entity2490 . Indices of airway @entity32 were of low predictive value for detecting bakers' @entity565 or @entity2490 in this study.

title: Sensitisation to occupational allergens in bakers' @entity565 and XXXX : a case-referent study.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the importance of sensitisation to occupational allergens for the occurrence of @entity565 and @entity2490 in bakers. METHODS: This is a nested clinical case-referent study of bakers based on a cohort of Swedish former bakery students. Cases were @entity748 ( n=25) or rhinitic bakers ( n=20). Randomly selected bakers ( n=44) were referents. All subjects underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) with common allergens, flours, fungal alpha-amylase and the storage mite L. destructor. Indices of airway @entity32 were assessed in serum and the nose. RESULTS: Seven of the @entity748 and eight of the rhinitics reported onset of disease during bakery work. Flour SPTs were positive in 43% of the @entity748 or rhinitics vs 16% of referents. The corresponding figures for alpha-amylase were 29%, 25%, and 7%. The odds ratio, adjusted for atopy, for an SPT positive to flour or alpha-amylase for @entity748 with onset during bakery work was 5.8 (95% confidence interval 1.1-32), and 2.6 (0.4-16) for the corresponding rhinitics. The positive predictive value of sensitisation to flour or alpha-amylase in relation to a clinical diagnosis of @entity565 or @entity2490 was 71%. Sensitisation to L. destructor was rare. The indices of airway @entity32 were similar in cases and in referents. CONCLUSIONS: Bakers' @entity565 is associated with sensitisation to flour and/or alpha-amylase, atopy taken into account. A similar association was suggested in bakers' @entity2490 . Indices of airway @entity32 were of low predictive value for detecting bakers' @entity565 or @entity2490 in this study.

title: Sensitisation to occupational allergens in bakers' XXXX and @entity2490 : a case-referent study.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']