abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite increasingly better diagnostic and therapeutic methods @entity1504 , invariably pose a direct threat to the lives of @entity1 and a challenge for otolaryngologists. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze @entity1 with @entity1504 treated at the Department of Otolaryngology and Otolaryngological Oncology of Pozna   University of Medical Sciences in the years 2000-2013. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis covered the period from January 2000 to December 2013. Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity1504 were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology in Poznan during that time. RESULTS: Material mainly included young @entity1 . @entity867 were the most common complications. Intracranial complications of @entity1244 rarely occurred in isolation, often coexisting with other intracranial pathologies. A significant increase in the incidence was recorded in 2013. Treatment involved concurrently alleviating @entity32 in the sinuses through implementation of broad-spectrum antibiotics for several weeks and decompressing the organized intracerebral abscesses, @entity3509 , epidural and/or subdural abscesses under control of neuronavigation. There were no @entity1 deaths recorded in the analyzed period. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing @entity1504 is low but invariably present and should be included in the differential diagnosis. Since the incidence of @entity1504 may increase in the course of prevailing @entity1800 , it should raise diagnostic vigilance.

title: Intracranial complications from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complications', 'intracranial sinogenic complications']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['Brain abscesses']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The disease spectrum of crescentic @entity631 ( @entity631 ) has been described in only a few previous studies, and detailed epidemiologic data from China are unavailable to date. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING _ @entity1 : 528 @entity1 with biopsy-proven crescentic @entity631 in 2003 to 2013 from a single center. PREDICTOR: Crescentic @entity631 was classified into 3 types according to immunofluorescence findings: type I was defined as linear deposition of immunoglobulins along the glomerular basement membrane; type II, as glomerular deposition of immune complex; and type III, as @entity1200 . OUTCOMES: Demographic, clinical, and serologic characteristics. RESULTS: Of 528 cases identified, 208 (39.4%) were @entity1 , with a mean age of 37.6  16.4 (SD) years at kidney biopsy. 61 (11.6%) @entity1 had type I crescentic @entity631 , 331 (62.7%) had type II ( @entity1988 , 34.3%; immunoglobulin A [IgA] @entity8 , 17.4%), and 136 (25.8%) had type III. Proportions of @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ), acute @entity8 without @entity810 , and @entity740 were 86.9%, 0%, and 13.1% for type I; 42.0%, 19.6%, and 38.4% for type II; and 84.6%, 2.9%, and 12.5% for type III crescentic @entity631 , respectively. Serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were detected in 11 (18.0%) @entity1 with type I, 15 (4.5%) with type II, and 117 (86.0%) with type III. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies were found in 60 (98.4%) @entity1 with type I, 3 (0.9%) with type II, and 5 (3.7%) with type III. 5-year cumulative renal survival rates for @entity1 with types I, II, and III were 17.6%, 70.1%, and 44.3%, respectively. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study, single-center experience. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1988 may be the most common type of crescentic @entity631 in China, followed by pauci-immune crescentic @entity631 and @entity8 . Almost half the @entity1 presented with @entity810 , whereas 28.8% of cases showed @entity740 . Clinical manifestations and outcomes varied according to crescentic @entity631 type. The distinction between subtypes based on immunofluorescence and serologic findings has important implications for therapy and outcome.

title: Etiology and Outcome of XXXX From a Single Center in China: A 10-Year Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney diseases and disorders', 'IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'Lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['pauci-immune deposition']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Crescentic Glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), the category of @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ), which constitutes 65-70% of all thyroid FNAC, and can be correctly diagnosed by morphology alone, is an important entity. A diagnosis of @entity1374 denotes a lesion managed with follow-up unless found in conjunction with compressive symptoms. Although this diagnosis can be quite simple, there are cases in which the scant cellular or colloid component may pose diagnostic issues. Herein, we describe the experiences of evaluating @entity1374 at two large academic institutions. We evaluated the clinical importance of a correct diagnosis of @entity1374 to define the exact inherent risk of a false-negative result (FNR). METHODS: From January 2008 through to June 2013, 506 (3.6%) out of 15 850 @entity1 with @entity1374 underwent surgery. All nodules were sampled under sonographic guidance (US) and processed either with liquid-based cytology (LBC), Diff-Quik   smears or @entity285 -Papanicolaou staining methods. RESULTS: The histological follow-up of 506 @entity1374 series included 493 benign and 13 malignant lesions. The latter group included four @entity189 ( @entity189 ), two classic variants of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), one macrofollicular @entity3557 and six follicular variants of @entity3557 (FVPC). The malignancy rate for the @entity1374 category was 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS: When diagnosed by expert cytopathologists, @entity1374 represents a robust diagnosis and might reduce the number of FNR. Additional diagnostic experience and a large case series could enable cytopathologists to recognise all the morphological entities of @entity1374 . An important additional aid is the extensive sampling of the lesions to reduce issues related to a low cellularity.

title: The cytological diagnosis of a 'benign thyroid lesion': is it a real safe diagnosis for the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinomas', 'FC']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['BTL', 'benign thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a multisystemic @entity32 with @entity16913 . Non-specific @entity4841 without objective signs of @entity625 , such as @entity4 , is common in such @entity1 . Thus, an accurate diagnosis of joint involvement may be challenging for dermatologists. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the validity of @entity32621 ( @entity32621 ) bone scintigraphy for joint involvement assessment in @entity1 with @entity195 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 211 @entity1 with @entity195 who had scintigraphic evaluations due to joint symptoms, agreement between bone scintigraphy findings and clinically evaluated joint complaints was retrospectively assessed using Cohen's kappa (k) statistic. A @entity1 subset (n  =  104) showing agreement between joint complaints and scintigraphy results was re-evaluated by a rheumatologist to determine the level of diagnostic specificity attained by combining bone scintigraphy with clinical examinations of dermatologists. RESULTS: The total kappa value (211 @entity1 ) was 0.604, indicating fair agreement between joint complaints and scintigraphy results. Individual analysis of eleven joint categories revealed statistically significant correlations for wrist (k  =  0.677), shoulder (k  =  0.661), and foot joints (k  =  0.618). Of the 104 referrals to a rheumatologist, 95 (91.34%) were confirmed as having @entity195 -associated @entity16913 . Joint acral areas (e.g., foot, hand, wrist and shoulder) that had the highest kappa value correlations also ranked highest in diagnostic specificity. CONCLUSION: Bone scintigraphy presents a simple and useful option for dermatologists to assess joint involvement in @entity195 @entity1 , especially for specific anatomic sites.

title: Predictive value of bone scintigraphy for the detection of joint involvement in XXXX : Dermatologists' perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling or effusion']

entities_list: @entity32621 :: ('MESH:D013669', 'Chemical') :: ['(99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate', 'Tc-99m-MDP']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity16913 :: ('MESH:C535884', 'Disease') :: ['articular involvement']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Histological examination of the peripheral circulation of the ovary of 18 females of the @entity20770 revealed a series of blood vessels with special structures. @entity432 was recorded in the @entity43 and in the cortex, and it showed an intimal cushion-like thickening made up of intimal bolsters that formed of smooth muscle fibres and glomus cells. The smooth muscle cells of the tunica media and the tunica adventitia of throttle artery pursued a circumferential pattern. @entity254 arteriovenosa included simple bridge-like anastomotic vessels between arteria and venae, and glomus vessels of typical structure were demonstrated. Glomus organs were recorded in the ovary and were comprised of the tortuous glomus vessels and the related afferent and efferent vessels. Glomus cell complexes also were commonly occur at the cortex ovarii that possessed an extremely convoluted course with a hyperplastic wall and a narrow lumen. Atypical glomus vessels were @entity43 , and the wall of these vessels was relatively thick and consisted of double tunica media with an intimal bolster. Some vessels contained an intimal bolster device of exclusively glomus cell structure (glomus bolster) with a tunica elastic interna demarcated it from the glomus cell media. Some venae represented several layers of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle fibres in the tunica media. Other venae showed wall with variable thickness. Venae with double muscular tunica media were recorded in the medulla. Some venae showed double internal elastic lamina. Also, venae with thick adventitia contained dispersed smooth muscle fibres were determined. Spirally oriented arteriole and venule were demonstrated within the cortex and medulla ovarii. Gestation @entity1463 was demonstrated in @entity43 of pregnant females.

title: Morphological Studies on the Peripheral Circulation of the  Ovary in XXXX ( @entity20770 ).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian zona vasculosa', 'demonstrated within the ovarian zona vasculosa']

entities_list: @entity20770 :: ('9838', 'Species') :: ['one-humped camel']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Throttle or occlusive artery']

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['One-Humped Camel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Histological examination of the peripheral circulation of the ovary of 18 females of the @entity20770 revealed a series of blood vessels with special structures. @entity432 was recorded in the @entity43 and in the cortex, and it showed an intimal cushion-like thickening made up of intimal bolsters that formed of smooth muscle fibres and glomus cells. The smooth muscle cells of the tunica media and the tunica adventitia of throttle artery pursued a circumferential pattern. @entity254 arteriovenosa included simple bridge-like anastomotic vessels between arteria and venae, and glomus vessels of typical structure were demonstrated. Glomus organs were recorded in the ovary and were comprised of the tortuous glomus vessels and the related afferent and efferent vessels. Glomus cell complexes also were commonly occur at the cortex ovarii that possessed an extremely convoluted course with a hyperplastic wall and a narrow lumen. Atypical glomus vessels were @entity43 , and the wall of these vessels was relatively thick and consisted of double tunica media with an intimal bolster. Some vessels contained an intimal bolster device of exclusively glomus cell structure (glomus bolster) with a tunica elastic interna demarcated it from the glomus cell media. Some venae represented several layers of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle fibres in the tunica media. Other venae showed wall with variable thickness. Venae with double muscular tunica media were recorded in the medulla. Some venae showed double internal elastic lamina. Also, venae with thick adventitia contained dispersed smooth muscle fibres were determined. Spirally oriented arteriole and venule were demonstrated within the cortex and medulla ovarii. Gestation @entity1463 was demonstrated in @entity43 of pregnant females.

title: Morphological Studies on the Peripheral Circulation of the  Ovary in @entity20770 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['Camelus dromedarius']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity615 ( @entity615 ) is frequently the presenting symptom in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). Presence of @entity6592 on magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) or @entity1530 adds to diagnostic certainty. However, these costly tests cannot be applied in all @entity1 with @entity615 . This study aims to investigate which @entity11028 features increase the likelihood of a positive @entity1530 or positive MRI of the @entity2720 (MRI-SI) in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 . METHODS: Data from 665 @entity1 with @entity615 within the ESPeranza Programme were analysed. Diagnostic utility measures (LR+, LR-) for a positive MRI-SI or @entity1530 were calculated for various @entity615 (IBP), their separate items and for other @entity11028 features. RESULTS: Pretest probabilityies of a positive result was 41  % for MRI-SI and 40  % for @entity1530 . For a positive MRI-SI result the most useful IBP characteristic was alternating @entity158 (LR   +   =2.6). Among the IBP-criteria, fulfillment of the 'ASAS criteria' (LR   +   =2.1) was most contributory. Interestingly, the addition of alternating @entity158 to the Calin/ASAS-IBP criteria (LR   +   =6.0 and 5.5, respectively) or the addition of awakening at second half of night to the Calin-IBP criteria (LR   +   =5.5) increased the pre-test probability of MRI- @entity6592 from 41  % to 79-80  %. Dactylitis (LR   +   =4.1) and @entity29 ( @entity29 ) (LR   +   =6.4) increased this probability to 73  % and 81  %, respectively. To forecast @entity1530 positivity, awakening at the second half of the night, fulfillment of the ASAS-IBP definition and @entity1596 were the most useful, but only marginally predictive (LR   +   = 1.3, 1,6 and 2.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: If @entity1 with suspected axial @entity11028 have either 1) IBP according to Calin/ASAS definition plus alternating @entity158 , or 2) IBP according to Calin definition plus awakening at night, or 3) dactylitis or 4) @entity29 , the probability of finding a positive MRI-SI increases significantly.

title: Sponyloarthritis features forecasting the presence of @entity1530 or XXXX on magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 : results from a cross-sectional study in the ESPeranza Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['definitions of inflammatory back pain', 'CBP', 'Chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'axSpA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['buttock pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac-joints']

answer: @entity6592 :: (MESH:D058566,Disease) :: ['sacroiliitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity615 ( @entity615 ) is frequently the presenting symptom in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). Presence of @entity6592 on magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) or @entity1530 adds to diagnostic certainty. However, these costly tests cannot be applied in all @entity1 with @entity615 . This study aims to investigate which @entity11028 features increase the likelihood of a positive @entity1530 or positive MRI of the @entity2720 (MRI-SI) in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 . METHODS: Data from 665 @entity1 with @entity615 within the ESPeranza Programme were analysed. Diagnostic utility measures (LR+, LR-) for a positive MRI-SI or @entity1530 were calculated for various @entity615 (IBP), their separate items and for other @entity11028 features. RESULTS: Pretest probabilityies of a positive result was 41  % for MRI-SI and 40  % for @entity1530 . For a positive MRI-SI result the most useful IBP characteristic was alternating @entity158 (LR   +   =2.6). Among the IBP-criteria, fulfillment of the 'ASAS criteria' (LR   +   =2.1) was most contributory. Interestingly, the addition of alternating @entity158 to the Calin/ASAS-IBP criteria (LR   +   =6.0 and 5.5, respectively) or the addition of awakening at second half of night to the Calin-IBP criteria (LR   +   =5.5) increased the pre-test probability of MRI- @entity6592 from 41  % to 79-80  %. Dactylitis (LR   +   =4.1) and @entity29 ( @entity29 ) (LR   +   =6.4) increased this probability to 73  % and 81  %, respectively. To forecast @entity1530 positivity, awakening at the second half of the night, fulfillment of the ASAS-IBP definition and @entity1596 were the most useful, but only marginally predictive (LR   +   = 1.3, 1,6 and 2.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: If @entity1 with suspected axial @entity11028 have either 1) IBP according to Calin/ASAS definition plus alternating @entity158 , or 2) IBP according to Calin definition plus awakening at night, or 3) dactylitis or 4) @entity29 , the probability of finding a positive MRI-SI increases significantly.

title: Sponyloarthritis features forecasting the presence of @entity1530 or @entity6592 on magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with suspected XXXX : results from a cross-sectional study in the ESPeranza Cohort.

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity615 ( @entity615 ) is frequently the presenting symptom in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). Presence of @entity6592 on magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) or @entity1530 adds to diagnostic certainty. However, these costly tests cannot be applied in all @entity1 with @entity615 . This study aims to investigate which @entity11028 features increase the likelihood of a positive @entity1530 or positive MRI of the @entity2720 (MRI-SI) in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 . METHODS: Data from 665 @entity1 with @entity615 within the ESPeranza Programme were analysed. Diagnostic utility measures (LR+, LR-) for a positive MRI-SI or @entity1530 were calculated for various @entity615 (IBP), their separate items and for other @entity11028 features. RESULTS: Pretest probabilityies of a positive result was 41  % for MRI-SI and 40  % for @entity1530 . For a positive MRI-SI result the most useful IBP characteristic was alternating @entity158 (LR   +   =2.6). Among the IBP-criteria, fulfillment of the 'ASAS criteria' (LR   +   =2.1) was most contributory. Interestingly, the addition of alternating @entity158 to the Calin/ASAS-IBP criteria (LR   +   =6.0 and 5.5, respectively) or the addition of awakening at second half of night to the Calin-IBP criteria (LR   +   =5.5) increased the pre-test probability of MRI- @entity6592 from 41  % to 79-80  %. Dactylitis (LR   +   =4.1) and @entity29 ( @entity29 ) (LR   +   =6.4) increased this probability to 73  % and 81  %, respectively. To forecast @entity1530 positivity, awakening at the second half of the night, fulfillment of the ASAS-IBP definition and @entity1596 were the most useful, but only marginally predictive (LR   +   = 1.3, 1,6 and 2.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: If @entity1 with suspected axial @entity11028 have either 1) IBP according to Calin/ASAS definition plus alternating @entity158 , or 2) IBP according to Calin definition plus awakening at night, or 3) dactylitis or 4) @entity29 , the probability of finding a positive MRI-SI increases significantly.

title: Sponyloarthritis features forecasting the presence of XXXX or @entity6592 on magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 : results from a cross-sectional study in the ESPeranza Cohort.

answer: @entity1530 :: (3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-B27']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity615 ( @entity615 ) is frequently the presenting symptom in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). Presence of @entity6592 on magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) or @entity1530 adds to diagnostic certainty. However, these costly tests cannot be applied in all @entity1 with @entity615 . This study aims to investigate which @entity11028 features increase the likelihood of a positive @entity1530 or positive MRI of the @entity2720 (MRI-SI) in @entity1 with suspected @entity1691 . METHODS: Data from 665 @entity1 with @entity615 within the ESPeranza Programme were analysed. Diagnostic utility measures (LR+, LR-) for a positive MRI-SI or @entity1530 were calculated for various @entity615 (IBP), their separate items and for other @entity11028 features. RESULTS: Pretest probabilityies of a positive result was 41  % for MRI-SI and 40  % for @entity1530 . For a positive MRI-SI result the most useful IBP characteristic was alternating @entity158 (LR   +   =2.6). Among the IBP-criteria, fulfillment of the 'ASAS criteria' (LR   +   =2.1) was most contributory. Interestingly, the addition of alternating @entity158 to the Calin/ASAS-IBP criteria (LR   +   =6.0 and 5.5, respectively) or the addition of awakening at second half of night to the Calin-IBP criteria (LR   +   =5.5) increased the pre-test probability of MRI- @entity6592 from 41  % to 79-80  %. Dactylitis (LR   +   =4.1) and @entity29 ( @entity29 ) (LR   +   =6.4) increased this probability to 73  % and 81  %, respectively. To forecast @entity1530 positivity, awakening at the second half of the night, fulfillment of the ASAS-IBP definition and @entity1596 were the most useful, but only marginally predictive (LR   +   = 1.3, 1,6 and 2.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: If @entity1 with suspected axial @entity11028 have either 1) IBP according to Calin/ASAS definition plus alternating @entity158 , or 2) IBP according to Calin definition plus awakening at night, or 3) dactylitis or 4) @entity29 , the probability of finding a positive MRI-SI increases significantly.

title: Sponyloarthritis features forecasting the presence of @entity1530 or @entity6592 on magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX with suspected @entity1691 : results from a cross-sectional study in the ESPeranza Cohort.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Heath and coworkers proposed that @entity161 may be an @entity792 in which antibodies are built up against specific substances in certain brain cells. Heath reports that @entity161 @entity1 exhibit abnormal brain waves in recordings from the caudate nucleus and septal area. These abnormal waves can also be recorded from similar sites in monkey brains after injections into the lateral ventricle cerebrospinal fluid of gamma-G-immunoglobulins (IgG) isolated from the blood of acutely ill @entity161 @entity1 . We prepared IgG fractions from control subjects and acutely ill @entity161 @entity1 and tested them in @entity2608 under double-blind conditions. Of 107 sera tested from 24 @entity161 @entity1 , 29 produced positive electroencephalographic recordings in the monkeys. From 30 control subjects we tested 80 samples and found 6 to be positive according to Heath's criteria. This amounts to more than 1 positive reaction for every 4 @entity161 @entity1 ' fractions tested and approximately 1 positive in 13 from control subjects' serum fractions. The difference between control and @entity1 groups is highly significant (p less than 0.001). Although our results confirm the experimental findings of the Heath group concerning abnormal EEG activity associated with an IgG fraction from @entity161 @entity1 , they differ from Heath's results for fractions from control @entity1 . We found positive effects from a small number of control fractions whereas Heath claims never to have observed positive biological activity in control fractions. The @entity792 has numerous drawbacks, the greatest of which is the inability to demonstrate the presence of circulating antibody in @entity161 @entity1 with the use of standard immunologic techniques.

title: Immunologic studies in XXXX and control subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hypothesis', 'autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: 1. The livers of @entity35 were perfused in situ with medium containing mixtures of @entity1522 in multiples of their concentration in normal @entity35 plasma. The incorporation of labelled @entity535 into protein of the liver and of the perfusing medium increased with increasing @entity535 concentration. During 60min. perfusions, labelling of liver protein reached a plateau, and labelling of medium protein was inhibited when the initial concentration of the @entity535 mixture was more than ten times the normal plasma value. 2. Examination of polysome profiles derived from livers perfused without @entity1522 in the medium showed that the number of large aggregates was decreased and the number of small aggregates, particularly monomers and dimers, was increased with time of perfusion. The addition of @entity1522 to the perfusion medium reversed this polysome shift to an extent that was dependent on the initial concentration of @entity1522 . Polysome profiles derived from livers perfused for 60min. with ten times the normal plasma concentration of @entity1522 were essentially the same as the polysome profiles of normal non-perfused livers. 3. The ability of ribosome preparations from perfused livers to incorporate @entity1522 into protein in vitro decreased with increasing time of perfusion when no @entity1522 were added to the medium, but increased as the concentration of @entity1522 in the perfusion medium was increased. 4. The ability of cell sap from perfused livers to support protein synthesis in vitro was not influenced by the @entity535 concentration of the perfusion medium. 5. Livers were perfused for 60min. with medium containing @entity535 mixtures at ten times the normal plasma concentration but deficient in one @entity535 . Maximal incorporation of labelled @entity535 into liver protein, the stability of the polysome profile and the ability of ribosome preparations to incorporate @entity1522 into protein were found to depend on the presence of 11 @entity1522 : @entity369 , @entity2734 , @entity6778 , @entity368 , @entity376 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , @entity1521 , @entity1889 , @entity2340 and @entity4857 . A mixture of these 11 @entity1522 , at ten times their normal plasma concentration, stimulated the incorporation of labelled @entity535 into liver protein, stabilized the polysome profile and increased the ability of ribosome preparations to incorporate @entity1522 into protein to the same extent as the complete mixture. 6. It is concluded that the availability of certain @entity1522 plays an important role in the control of protein synthesis, possibly by stimulating the ability of ribosomes to become, and to remain, attached to messenger RNA.

title: Influence of XXXX supply on ribosomes and protein synthesis of perfused @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: 1. The livers of @entity35 were perfused in situ with medium containing mixtures of @entity1522 in multiples of their concentration in normal @entity35 plasma. The incorporation of labelled @entity535 into protein of the liver and of the perfusing medium increased with increasing @entity535 concentration. During 60min. perfusions, labelling of liver protein reached a plateau, and labelling of medium protein was inhibited when the initial concentration of the @entity535 mixture was more than ten times the normal plasma value. 2. Examination of polysome profiles derived from livers perfused without @entity1522 in the medium showed that the number of large aggregates was decreased and the number of small aggregates, particularly monomers and dimers, was increased with time of perfusion. The addition of @entity1522 to the perfusion medium reversed this polysome shift to an extent that was dependent on the initial concentration of @entity1522 . Polysome profiles derived from livers perfused for 60min. with ten times the normal plasma concentration of @entity1522 were essentially the same as the polysome profiles of normal non-perfused livers. 3. The ability of ribosome preparations from perfused livers to incorporate @entity1522 into protein in vitro decreased with increasing time of perfusion when no @entity1522 were added to the medium, but increased as the concentration of @entity1522 in the perfusion medium was increased. 4. The ability of cell sap from perfused livers to support protein synthesis in vitro was not influenced by the @entity535 concentration of the perfusion medium. 5. Livers were perfused for 60min. with medium containing @entity535 mixtures at ten times the normal plasma concentration but deficient in one @entity535 . Maximal incorporation of labelled @entity535 into liver protein, the stability of the polysome profile and the ability of ribosome preparations to incorporate @entity1522 into protein were found to depend on the presence of 11 @entity1522 : @entity369 , @entity2734 , @entity6778 , @entity368 , @entity376 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , @entity1521 , @entity1889 , @entity2340 and @entity4857 . A mixture of these 11 @entity1522 , at ten times their normal plasma concentration, stimulated the incorporation of labelled @entity535 into liver protein, stabilized the polysome profile and increased the ability of ribosome preparations to incorporate @entity1522 into protein to the same extent as the complete mixture. 6. It is concluded that the availability of certain @entity1522 plays an important role in the control of protein synthesis, possibly by stimulating the ability of ribosomes to become, and to remain, attached to messenger RNA.

title: Influence of @entity535 supply on ribosomes and protein synthesis of perfused XXXX liver.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The pulmonary disposition, histopathology and lymphatic uptake of @entity56611 (Tamaqua) and bituminous (Lower Kittaning) coal dusts were measured as part of a pulmonary retention study which revealed a mean half-time of 1.92 years in @entity235 (Morrow et al. 1981). After brief (1-2.5 hr) exposures to either natural or neutron-activated coals having an average airborne mass concentration of approximately 90 mg m-3 and a 1.8 mum mass median aerodynamic diameter (sigma g 2.5), @entity235 (n = 12) were serially sacrificed up to 52 weeks after exposure. Coal dusts were found only in the lungs and pulmonary lymph nodes. The coals were considered indistinguishable as to their pulmonary clearance and disposition and lymphatic uptake. All coals in the lung were associated mainly with the peribronchiolar and perivascular lymphatics or connective tissue spaces, and some were found in alveolar macrophages. The lymphatic uptake of coal dusts followed the powder function 0.55 t0.513 where t is in weeks and uptake is expressed as percent of the @entity133 . In terms of pulmonary dust clearance, only 4 percent of the @entity133 appeared to have been translocated to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes in the first 50 weeks, but this constituted approximately 14 percent of the total alveolar clearance. Histopathologically, one distinction was found: animals exposed to the highest level of neutron-activated @entity56611 showed @entity3120 . The response was low grade, probably exposure-related, but otherwise unremarkable.

title: The disposition of coal dusts in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56611 :: ('MESH:D003031', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracite']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['initial alveolar burden']

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['patchy hyaline thickening of some small blood vessels and alveolar septa']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Sixteen cases of serous surface @entity1377 are analyzed. The @entity1 were 45 to 75 years of age. The most common presenting symptoms were malaise, @entity353 , and abdominal enlargement. Ascites was a common finding on physical examination. Bilateral ovarian involvement was seen in all cases. Gross examination revealed @entity5 growing exophytically from the surfaces of the ovaries, with slight to moderate invasion of the underlying parenchyma. Microscopic examination showed serous @entity1377 . In most of the cases, @entity5 was widely disseminated throughout the abdominal cavity. It could not be determined with certainty whether the @entity5 represented metastatic spread or synchronous @entity5 formation. The survival of the @entity1 was shorter than that of @entity1 with @entity43 of the same grade without predominant surface involvement. The authors believe that the @entity189 in the ovary is a distinct subtype of serous @entity1377 , rather than a primary @entity189 with secondary ovarian involvement.

title: Serous surface XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma of the ovary', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian serous papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extraovarian tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the peritoneum', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinoma of the ovary']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To validate optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the diagnosis of referable @entity989 (severe, very severe or @entity989 , and @entity1103 ) in @entity6 @entity1 .We performed a cross-sectional observational study. A random sample was analyzed comprising 136 eyes of @entity6 @entity1 referred to the hospital in Elche (Spain) with suspected referable @entity989 between October 2012 and June 2013. Primary variable: Referable @entity989 measured by ophthalmological examination of the retina. OCT data included: central foveal thickness, presence of intraretinal fluid, and fundus photographs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to determine the minimum thickness value with a positive likelihood ratio >10. To determine the validity of OCT, the following diagnostic test was defined: Positive: if the @entity1 had at least 1 of these criteria: foveal thickness greater than the point obtained on the previously defined ROC curve, intraretinal fluid, abnormal fundus photographs; Negative: none of the above criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and Kappa statistic were determined.Of the 136 eyes, 48 had referable @entity989 (35.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.3-43.3). The minimum thickness value with a positive likelihood ratio >10 was 275 m. The diagnostic test constructed showed: sensitivity, 91.67% (95% CI: 79.13-97.30); specificity, 93.18% (95% CI: 85.19-97.20); positive predictive value, 88.00% (95% CI: 75.00-95.03); negative predictive value, 95.35% (95% CI: 87.87-98.50); positive likelihood ratio, 13.44 (95% CI: 6.18-29.24); negative likelihood ratio, 0.09 (95% CI: 0.03-0.23). The Kappa value was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75-0.94, P<0.001.This study constructed a diagnostic test for referable @entity6 with type A evidence. Nevertheless, studies are needed to determine the validity of this test in the general @entity6 population.

title: Validity of Optical Coherence Tomography as a Diagnostic Method for @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Macular Edema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To validate optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the diagnosis of referable @entity989 (severe, very severe or @entity989 , and @entity1103 ) in @entity6 @entity1 .We performed a cross-sectional observational study. A random sample was analyzed comprising 136 eyes of @entity6 @entity1 referred to the hospital in Elche (Spain) with suspected referable @entity989 between October 2012 and June 2013. Primary variable: Referable @entity989 measured by ophthalmological examination of the retina. OCT data included: central foveal thickness, presence of intraretinal fluid, and fundus photographs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to determine the minimum thickness value with a positive likelihood ratio >10. To determine the validity of OCT, the following diagnostic test was defined: Positive: if the @entity1 had at least 1 of these criteria: foveal thickness greater than the point obtained on the previously defined ROC curve, intraretinal fluid, abnormal fundus photographs; Negative: none of the above criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and Kappa statistic were determined.Of the 136 eyes, 48 had referable @entity989 (35.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.3-43.3). The minimum thickness value with a positive likelihood ratio >10 was 275 m. The diagnostic test constructed showed: sensitivity, 91.67% (95% CI: 79.13-97.30); specificity, 93.18% (95% CI: 85.19-97.20); positive predictive value, 88.00% (95% CI: 75.00-95.03); negative predictive value, 95.35% (95% CI: 87.87-98.50); positive likelihood ratio, 13.44 (95% CI: 6.18-29.24); negative likelihood ratio, 0.09 (95% CI: 0.03-0.23). The Kappa value was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75-0.94, P<0.001.This study constructed a diagnostic test for referable @entity6 with type A evidence. Nevertheless, studies are needed to determine the validity of this test in the general @entity6 population.

title: Validity of Optical Coherence Tomography as a Diagnostic Method for XXXX and @entity1103 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: The development and distribution of peptidase activity in mucosal homogenates of @entity35 small intestine has been investigated. Substrates used were @entity39350 (GL), @entity71246 (SM), and @entity71247 (LGG). During the first 2 weeks of life there was high peptidase activity toward GL and SM in the distal regions of the small intestine. In the third postnatal week, activity in the distal small intestine toward GL and SM decreased, while activity in the proximal small intestine increased. In contrast, there was no difference in activity toward LGG along the length of the small intestine, nor was there a developmental change. Activity toward all three substrates was not affected by @entity7043 treatment. However, the classical effect of glucocorticoids on sucrase activity and body weight was observed. All peptidases studied showed maximal activities at neutral pH, indicating that they were not lysosomal in origin. Activity towards GL and SM was predominantly located in the cytosol. It is suggested that these dipeptidase activities play a role in the terminal steps of protein digestion following pinocytosis and lysosomal hydrolysis.

title: Postnatal development of peptidase enzymes in XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity71246 :: ('MESH:C038736', 'Chemical') :: ['L-seryl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity7043 :: ('MESH:C015087', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity39350 :: ('MESH:C015905', 'Chemical') :: ['glycyl-L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity71247 :: ('MESH:C038737', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Investigations of the small bowel mucosa by scanning and transmission electron microscopy are reported in two coetaneous @entity1 with @entity7014 . Serum immunoglobulins and @entity33 by light microscopy were normal in both, as well as activities of @entity290 , sucrase, and maltase. One of the @entity1 had suggestive evidence of @entity8884 . Scanning and transmission electron microscopic examination of biopsied mucosa of the @entity1 with @entity8884 suggested the following: increased secretory activity in crypts and @entity131 , producing excess mucus containing extruded cytoplasm. It is hypothesized that the physicochemical properties of the mucoid material permitted ready interaction with the mucosal surface, the biochemical qualities of which could have been altered by the presence of the parasites. Close adherence of this mucoid layer to the surface gave it the aspect of a pseudomembrane which, by covering wide areas of the mucosal surface, probably functioned as an effective luminal barrier for nutrients. This pseudomembrane was not seen by light microscopy. Excessive secretion of mucus, its physicochemical and immunologic properties, and mucus-mucosal surface interaction could have been engendered by genetic and environmental factors, which need further study. Although some mucus was present in the mucosa of the other @entity1 , it was confined to the base of the villi, and did not cover the mucosal surface. The presence of a luminal barrier (mucoid pseudomembrane) may be added to the list of mechanisms implicated in causing @entity8884 in @entity7014 .

title: Malabsorption in XXXX : presence of a luminal barrier (mucoid pseudomembrane). A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['increased cell damage']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal architecture']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

answer: @entity7014 :: (MESH:D005873,Disease) :: ['giardiasis']


abstract: Age-related changes in serum and liver @entity165 , phospholipid and @entity412 levels, serum lipoproteins, biliary secretion of @entity165 , phospholipids and @entity3645 , fecal excretion of @entity3150 and @entity3645 , and the pool size of @entity3645 were examined in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKR). SHR showed distinct age- and sex-related changes when young and marked aged- @entity35 @entity1007 after 1 yr of age. (1) @entity165 shifted from blood to the liver between 10 and 20 wk only in male SHR and not at all in WKR. (2) Serum lipoprotein percentages changes; alpha-lipoprotein decreased, pre-beta-lipoprotein increased, but beta-lipoprotein did not change. These changes appeared only in male SHR and after 13 to 15 wk of age. (3) @entity382 in SHR, although not detected at 5 to 6 wk, progressed more rapidly than in WKR, giving values almost double those in WKR after 13 to 15 wk. @entity382 in female SHR was much less than in the male. (4) Bile flow, biliary secretion, and the pool size of @entity3645 increased. However, when expressed on the basis of liver weight, these values were similar to those in WKR, suggesting that the increases were caused by the @entity382 . (5) Differences appeared in the @entity6741 composition. A large amount of @entity17659 was present in SHR of both sexes and the @entity6742 percentage was low in male SHR. (6) Changes were observed in fecal @entity6741 excretion. Since the daily amounts in male SHR were similar to those in WKR, the hepatic synthesis activity (mg per day per 10 g liver) in male SHR was almost half that in WKR at all ages.

title: Age-related changes in @entity165 and @entity6741 metabolism in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6742 :: ('MESH:D019826', 'Chemical') :: ['cholic acid']

entities_list: @entity17659 :: ('MESH:C004821', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-muricholic acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly', 'Liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Age-related changes in serum and liver @entity165 , phospholipid and @entity412 levels, serum lipoproteins, biliary secretion of @entity165 , phospholipids and @entity3645 , fecal excretion of @entity3150 and @entity3645 , and the pool size of @entity3645 were examined in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKR). SHR showed distinct age- and sex-related changes when young and marked aged- @entity35 @entity1007 after 1 yr of age. (1) @entity165 shifted from blood to the liver between 10 and 20 wk only in male SHR and not at all in WKR. (2) Serum lipoprotein percentages changes; alpha-lipoprotein decreased, pre-beta-lipoprotein increased, but beta-lipoprotein did not change. These changes appeared only in male SHR and after 13 to 15 wk of age. (3) @entity382 in SHR, although not detected at 5 to 6 wk, progressed more rapidly than in WKR, giving values almost double those in WKR after 13 to 15 wk. @entity382 in female SHR was much less than in the male. (4) Bile flow, biliary secretion, and the pool size of @entity3645 increased. However, when expressed on the basis of liver weight, these values were similar to those in WKR, suggesting that the increases were caused by the @entity382 . (5) Differences appeared in the @entity6741 composition. A large amount of @entity17659 was present in SHR of both sexes and the @entity6742 percentage was low in male SHR. (6) Changes were observed in fecal @entity6741 excretion. Since the daily amounts in male SHR were similar to those in WKR, the hepatic synthesis activity (mg per day per 10 g liver) in male SHR was almost half that in WKR at all ages.

title: Age-related changes in XXXX and @entity6741 metabolism in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Age-related changes in serum and liver @entity165 , phospholipid and @entity412 levels, serum lipoproteins, biliary secretion of @entity165 , phospholipids and @entity3645 , fecal excretion of @entity3150 and @entity3645 , and the pool size of @entity3645 were examined in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKR). SHR showed distinct age- and sex-related changes when young and marked aged- @entity35 @entity1007 after 1 yr of age. (1) @entity165 shifted from blood to the liver between 10 and 20 wk only in male SHR and not at all in WKR. (2) Serum lipoprotein percentages changes; alpha-lipoprotein decreased, pre-beta-lipoprotein increased, but beta-lipoprotein did not change. These changes appeared only in male SHR and after 13 to 15 wk of age. (3) @entity382 in SHR, although not detected at 5 to 6 wk, progressed more rapidly than in WKR, giving values almost double those in WKR after 13 to 15 wk. @entity382 in female SHR was much less than in the male. (4) Bile flow, biliary secretion, and the pool size of @entity3645 increased. However, when expressed on the basis of liver weight, these values were similar to those in WKR, suggesting that the increases were caused by the @entity382 . (5) Differences appeared in the @entity6741 composition. A large amount of @entity17659 was present in SHR of both sexes and the @entity6742 percentage was low in male SHR. (6) Changes were observed in fecal @entity6741 excretion. Since the daily amounts in male SHR were similar to those in WKR, the hepatic synthesis activity (mg per day per 10 g liver) in male SHR was almost half that in WKR at all ages.

title: Age-related changes in @entity165 and XXXX metabolism in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile-acid']


abstract: Age-related changes in serum and liver @entity165 , phospholipid and @entity412 levels, serum lipoproteins, biliary secretion of @entity165 , phospholipids and @entity3645 , fecal excretion of @entity3150 and @entity3645 , and the pool size of @entity3645 were examined in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKR). SHR showed distinct age- and sex-related changes when young and marked aged- @entity35 @entity1007 after 1 yr of age. (1) @entity165 shifted from blood to the liver between 10 and 20 wk only in male SHR and not at all in WKR. (2) Serum lipoprotein percentages changes; alpha-lipoprotein decreased, pre-beta-lipoprotein increased, but beta-lipoprotein did not change. These changes appeared only in male SHR and after 13 to 15 wk of age. (3) @entity382 in SHR, although not detected at 5 to 6 wk, progressed more rapidly than in WKR, giving values almost double those in WKR after 13 to 15 wk. @entity382 in female SHR was much less than in the male. (4) Bile flow, biliary secretion, and the pool size of @entity3645 increased. However, when expressed on the basis of liver weight, these values were similar to those in WKR, suggesting that the increases were caused by the @entity382 . (5) Differences appeared in the @entity6741 composition. A large amount of @entity17659 was present in SHR of both sexes and the @entity6742 percentage was low in male SHR. (6) Changes were observed in fecal @entity6741 excretion. Since the daily amounts in male SHR were similar to those in WKR, the hepatic synthesis activity (mg per day per 10 g liver) in male SHR was almost half that in WKR at all ages.

title: Age-related changes in @entity165 and @entity6741 metabolism in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with disabilities have difficulties in obtaining work. However, evidence suggests that those with disabilities derive substantial mental health benefits from employment. This paper assesses how the relationship between work and mental health is influenced by @entity14783 for @entity1 working with a disability. METHODS: The study design was a longitudinal cohort with 13 annual waves of data collection, yielding a sample of 122,883 observations from 21,848 @entity1 . Fixed-effects within- @entity1 regression was used to control for time invariant confounding. The Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) measure was used as the primary outcome measure. The main exposure was a six-category measure of @entity14783 and employment status (including 'not in the labour force' [NILF] and unemployment). Disability status ('no waves of disability reported' and 'all contributed waves with reported disability') was assessed as an effect modifier. We also conducted a secondary analysis on respondents contributing both disability and non-disability waves. RESULTS: For those with no disability, the greatest difference in mental health (compared to optimal employment) occurs when @entity1 have the poorest quality jobs (-2.12, 95% CI  -2.48,  -1.75, p  <  0.001). The relative difference in mental health was less in relation to NILF and unemployment (-0.39 and  -0.66 respectively). For those with consistent disability, the difference in mental health when employed in an optimal job was similar between the poorest quality jobs (-2.25, 95% CI  -3.84,  -0.65, p  =  0.006), NILF (-2.84, 95% CI  -4.49,  -1.20, p  =  0.001) or unemployment (-2.56, 95% CI  -4.32,  -0.80, p  =  0.004). These results were confirmed by the secondary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve @entity14783 may have significant mental health benefits for @entity1 with disabilities. This will contribute to the economic viability of disability employment insurance schemes in Australia and other high-income countries.

title: Does disability status modify the association between XXXX and mental health? A longitudinal fixed-effects analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People', 'person']

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial job quality']

answer: @entity14783 :: (MESH:D007589,Disease) :: ['psychosocial job quality']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The options available for treatment of Irreducible @entity3029 (IAAD) with @entity3473 are odontoidectomy, posterior decompression, @entity9807 . In 2006 Wang et al described that most IAAD can be reduced following anterior release of contracted soft tissues. Anterior release may be done by transoral (TO) or @entity37397 ( @entity37397 ) approach. Posterior instrumented fusion provides stability and helps in achieving further reduction. PURPOSE: To study the neurological and radiological outcome following treatment of @entity3473 associated with irreducible @entity3029 (IAAD) by anterior release and posterior instrumented fusion. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Case Series @entity1 SAMPLE: 19 OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1 were assessed for neurologic recovery by Benzel's modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score and radiologically by assessing reduction on lateral radiographs and comparing clivus-canal angle on pre-op _ post-op CT scan. METHODS: 19 consecutive @entity1 with IAAD were surgically treated. Anterior release was done via TO approach in 12 @entity1 and @entity37397 approach in 7. Following anterior release all @entity1 underwent posterior instrumented fusion. RESULTS: Study included 15 males and 4 females with mean follow-up of 18 months. Pathology included occipitalisation of atlas in 16 @entity1 , os odontoideum in 2 and missing posterior elements of axis in 1. All @entity1 had cervical @entity602 . Occipitocervical fixation was done in 18 @entity1 and C1-2 trans-articular screw fixation in one. 15 @entity1 had anatomic reduction while 4 had partial. The clivus-canal angle improved from a mean pre-op angle of 111.47(0) to mean post op angle of 142.84(0). The mJOA improved from pre-op mean mJOA of 12.89 to a post-op mean mJOA of 16.84. Fusion was achieved in all @entity1 . Maceration of posterior wound was noted in 3 @entity1 which healed by daily cleaning and dressing (C _ D). Implant breakage on one side was noted in one @entity1 at 3 months post op, however @entity1 remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: This series reinforces the safety and efficacy of both trans-oral and retro-pharyngeal anterior release for reduction of Irreducible AAD. Posterior fixation helps in achieving further reduction and provides stability. Anterior release followed by instrumented posterior fusion is a safe and effective modality of treatment for irreducible AAD associated with @entity3473 .

title: Single stage anterior release and posterior instrumented fusion for irreducible XXXX with @entity3473 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['Atlantoaxial Dislocation', 'atlantoaxial dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['posterior atlanto-axial joint distraction']

entities_list: @entity37397 :: ('MESH:D017703', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'retropharyngeal']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['atlantoaxial dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The options available for treatment of Irreducible @entity3029 (IAAD) with @entity3473 are odontoidectomy, posterior decompression, @entity9807 . In 2006 Wang et al described that most IAAD can be reduced following anterior release of contracted soft tissues. Anterior release may be done by transoral (TO) or @entity37397 ( @entity37397 ) approach. Posterior instrumented fusion provides stability and helps in achieving further reduction. PURPOSE: To study the neurological and radiological outcome following treatment of @entity3473 associated with irreducible @entity3029 (IAAD) by anterior release and posterior instrumented fusion. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Case Series @entity1 SAMPLE: 19 OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1 were assessed for neurologic recovery by Benzel's modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score and radiologically by assessing reduction on lateral radiographs and comparing clivus-canal angle on pre-op _ post-op CT scan. METHODS: 19 consecutive @entity1 with IAAD were surgically treated. Anterior release was done via TO approach in 12 @entity1 and @entity37397 approach in 7. Following anterior release all @entity1 underwent posterior instrumented fusion. RESULTS: Study included 15 males and 4 females with mean follow-up of 18 months. Pathology included occipitalisation of atlas in 16 @entity1 , os odontoideum in 2 and missing posterior elements of axis in 1. All @entity1 had cervical @entity602 . Occipitocervical fixation was done in 18 @entity1 and C1-2 trans-articular screw fixation in one. 15 @entity1 had anatomic reduction while 4 had partial. The clivus-canal angle improved from a mean pre-op angle of 111.47(0) to mean post op angle of 142.84(0). The mJOA improved from pre-op mean mJOA of 12.89 to a post-op mean mJOA of 16.84. Fusion was achieved in all @entity1 . Maceration of posterior wound was noted in 3 @entity1 which healed by daily cleaning and dressing (C _ D). Implant breakage on one side was noted in one @entity1 at 3 months post op, however @entity1 remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: This series reinforces the safety and efficacy of both trans-oral and retro-pharyngeal anterior release for reduction of Irreducible AAD. Posterior fixation helps in achieving further reduction and provides stability. Anterior release followed by instrumented posterior fusion is a safe and effective modality of treatment for irreducible AAD associated with @entity3473 .

title: Single stage anterior release and posterior instrumented fusion for irreducible @entity3029 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3473 :: (MESH:D007443,Disease) :: ['basilar invagination']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-operative treatment is widely accepted for early stages of @entity2649 . In general, a trial of conservative treatment is recommended prior to surgery. OBJECTIVE: The influence of sagittal alignment on treatment outcomes remains unclear. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 were included in this prospective study. All @entity1 received repeated epidural injections and facet joint injections as well as physiotherapy during a one week hospitalization. @entity1 characteristics, VAS scores, COMI scores, ODI scores and SF-36 were assessed prior to and immediately after treatment as well as after six, twelve, and 26 weeks. Spinopelvic parameter measurements were performed. Outcome parameters were correlated to spinopelvic parameters. RESULTS: ODI and PCSS scores improved significantly up to three months follow-up. COMI score improved significantly over the entire follow-up. Back @entity158 improvement at six weeks and three months follow-up correlated inversely with pelvic incidence. Sacral slope correlated significantly with ODI improvement immediately after therapy. @entity258 also correlated significantly with ODI improvement at three months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with higher pelvic incidence reported significantly greater back @entity158 improvements at three months follow-up. ODI improvements were higher for @entity1 with high sacral slope immediately after treatment and for @entity1 with a @entity1515 after three months. No influence of sagittal alignment was observed on leg @entity158 or quality of life.

title: Influence of spinopelvic parameters on non-operative treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['higher lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low lumbar lordosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2416 , the most common form of @entity16058 , is characterized by progressive, irreversible scarring of the lung parenchyma. @entity2416 has a poor prognosis, and there are no medical therapies available that have been shown to improve survival. It is usually sporadic, but there is evidence of familial clustering of @entity3794 , suggesting a genetic basis for this disease. More recently, studies have confirmed that specific genetic variants are associated with both familial and sporadic forms of @entity3794 . DISCUSSION: Although there are common and rare genetic variants that have been associated with the risk of developing @entity3794 , the genotyping of @entity1 is not a generally accepted strategy. Better understanding of the interplay between genetic risk and environmental exposure is likely needed to inform both treatment and disease prevention. Several identified disease-associated genetic variants have implications for disease progression and survival, but systematic studies of known genetic variants and their influence on therapeutic efficacy are lacking. Future investigations should focus on understanding phenotypic differences between @entity1 carrying different risk alleles, and clinical studies should be designed to control for the influence of different genetic risk variants on @entity1 outcomes. Inherited genetic factors play a significant role in the risk of developing @entity3794 . Future studies will be needed to characterize @entity1 phenotypes and to understand how these genetic factors will influence clinical decision-making for both diagnosis and treatment of @entity2416 .

title: Incorporating genetics into the identification and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1375 is one of the most common @entity4903 , whereas symmetrical onychomadesis is a rare claw disease in the general @entity235 population. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of @entity1375 and symmetrical onychomadesis in a birth cohort of 291 Gordon setters at eight years of age. Further, to describe the age at diagnosis of @entity1375 in the 68 Gordon setters and 51 English setters included in the @entity12730 study. Finally, to elucidate potential associations between dog leukocyte antigen ( @entity12730 ) class II and @entity1375 and/or symmetrical onychomadesis in the Gordon setter and the English setter. RESULTS: In the birth cohort of eight years old Gordon setters, 2.7  % had @entity1375 and 8.9  % had symmetrical onychomadesis, but only one out of these 291 @entity235 (0.3  %) had both diseases. Mean age at diagnosis of @entity1375 for @entity235 included in the @entity12730 study was 6.4  years (95  % CI: 5.6-7.2  years) in the Gordon setters and 7.7  years (95  % CI: 7.2-8.2  years) in the English setters. The @entity12730 alleles most associated with @entity1375 in the Gordon setter and English setter were @entity12730 -DQB1*00201 (OR   =   3.6, 95  % CI: 2.1-6.4, p   <   0.001) and @entity12731 *00101 (OR   =   2.9, 95  % CI: 1.3-6.6, p   <   0.001), respectively. In the Gordon setter, the haplotype @entity12730 *01801/DQA1*00101/DQB1*00802 was significantly associated with both symmetrical onychomadesis (OR   =   2.9, 95  % CI: 1.7-5.2, p   <   0.001) and with protection against @entity1375 (OR   =   0.3, 95  % CI: 0.2-0.5, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1375 is a complex disease where @entity12730 genes together with other genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the Gordon setter, one @entity12730 haplotype that was associated with protection against @entity1375 was also associated with symmetrical onychomadesis. These findings indicate that closely linked genes, instead of or together with the @entity12730 genes themselves, may be associated with @entity1375 and symmetrical onychomadesis. In a breed where several @entity792 are prevalent all possible associations between @entity12730 genes and @entity66 need to be investigated before @entity12730 is considered used as a tool for marker-assisted selection.

title: Genetics and epidemiology of XXXX and symmetrical onychomadesis in the Gordon setter and the English setter.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['actual diseases']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorders']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: 33 drug abusers were examined and all of them were addicts to several drugs and always to heroin. @entity16 occurred rather frequently. One @entity1 had @entity510 and angiography showed no @entity2758 nor other pathology. @entity305 has been found in one case. 7 @entity1 (21,2%) developed @entity716 . @entity302 attacks were found in 5 cases (15,1%). Latency between the onset of drug-abusing and occurrence of the attacks was found to be at least 1 year in two cases and 3 years in the other three. 4 cases suffered from @entity410 with secondary generalization and one @entity1 had generalized @entity3173 . Fits occurred rarely in all cases; one @entity1 had two episodes of partial status. Further research is required because there are few clinical reports in comparison with the experimental ones.

title: [ XXXX in drug dependence with special reference to the development of @entity302 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['partial complex seizures']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic attacks']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episodes']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological complications']


abstract: 33 drug abusers were examined and all of them were addicts to several drugs and always to heroin. @entity16 occurred rather frequently. One @entity1 had @entity510 and angiography showed no @entity2758 nor other pathology. @entity305 has been found in one case. 7 @entity1 (21,2%) developed @entity716 . @entity302 attacks were found in 5 cases (15,1%). Latency between the onset of drug-abusing and occurrence of the attacks was found to be at least 1 year in two cases and 3 years in the other three. 4 cases suffered from @entity410 with secondary generalization and one @entity1 had generalized @entity3173 . Fits occurred rarely in all cases; one @entity1 had two episodes of partial status. Further research is required because there are few clinical reports in comparison with the experimental ones.

title: [ @entity16 in drug dependence with special reference to the development of XXXX ].

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic syndromes']


abstract: Recurrent transient @entity51 were evaluated clinically in four @entity1 . In three @entity1 , the symptoms included recurrent transient @entity1805 , @entity425 and @entity1183 of the left arm and leg, and recurrent sudden loss of speech and of strength in the right arm. In these three @entity1 , the episodes were first thought to be @entity63 ( @entity63 ). A fourth @entity1 had repeated confusional spells, in which a recurrent musical theme excluded other thoughts. This was associated with dizziness and difficulty in naming. A partial complex @entity410 was thought responsible. In each of the cases the symptoms lasted less than 30 minutes and were not associated with @entity909 , @entity10 , or stiff neck. Electroencephalogram (EEG), brain scan, lumbar puncture, and computed tomography (CT) scan were normal. In all @entity1 , cerebral arteriography unexpectedly revealed an @entity438 . The locations of the @entity439 were appropriate to the symptoms, which remitted in the three @entity1 treated surgically for the @entity439 . Although the pathophysiology is uncertain, an @entity63 process may be implicated.

title: XXXX presenting as recurrent transient @entity51 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIAs', 'transient ischemic attacks', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['episodic weakness']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['homonymous hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Unruptured cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: Recurrent transient @entity51 were evaluated clinically in four @entity1 . In three @entity1 , the symptoms included recurrent transient @entity1805 , @entity425 and @entity1183 of the left arm and leg, and recurrent sudden loss of speech and of strength in the right arm. In these three @entity1 , the episodes were first thought to be @entity63 ( @entity63 ). A fourth @entity1 had repeated confusional spells, in which a recurrent musical theme excluded other thoughts. This was associated with dizziness and difficulty in naming. A partial complex @entity410 was thought responsible. In each of the cases the symptoms lasted less than 30 minutes and were not associated with @entity909 , @entity10 , or stiff neck. Electroencephalogram (EEG), brain scan, lumbar puncture, and computed tomography (CT) scan were normal. In all @entity1 , cerebral arteriography unexpectedly revealed an @entity438 . The locations of the @entity439 were appropriate to the symptoms, which remitted in the three @entity1 treated surgically for the @entity439 . Although the pathophysiology is uncertain, an @entity63 process may be implicated.

title: @entity438 presenting as recurrent transient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurologic deficits']


abstract: A 23-year-old female presented with severe @entity699 in the 23rd week of pregnancy. Investigations showed plasma @entity701 770 nmol/l (08.00 h) and 850 nmol/l (23.00 h); plasma ACTH was 10 ng/l (08.00 h) and 27 ng/l (23.00 h); urinary free @entity701 excretion was 2460 nmol/24 h. @entity619 2 mg 6-hourly for 48 h suppressed the 08.00 h plasma @entity701 only to 680 nmol/l. Abdominal C.T. scan showed a right @entity652 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity4235 and a good clinical improvement ensued. Plasma @entity701 was reduced to 300-500 nmol/l. Depsite ultrasonographic evidence of normal fetal growth, urinary @entity10586 excretion was markedly deficient. Prior to the spontaneous onset of labour, there was a marked rise in plasma @entity701 despite continuous @entity4235 treatment. A normal female @entity1 was born at 37 weeks' gestation. The maternal @entity652 was subsequently removed. The deficiency of @entity10586 synthesis during the pregnancy may be explained by @entity4235 -induced inhibition of C19-hydroxylation.

title: @entity699 in pregnancy--treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma']

answer: @entity4235 :: (MESH:D008797,Chemical) :: ['metyrapone']


abstract: A 23-year-old female presented with severe @entity699 in the 23rd week of pregnancy. Investigations showed plasma @entity701 770 nmol/l (08.00 h) and 850 nmol/l (23.00 h); plasma ACTH was 10 ng/l (08.00 h) and 27 ng/l (23.00 h); urinary free @entity701 excretion was 2460 nmol/24 h. @entity619 2 mg 6-hourly for 48 h suppressed the 08.00 h plasma @entity701 only to 680 nmol/l. Abdominal C.T. scan showed a right @entity652 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity4235 and a good clinical improvement ensued. Plasma @entity701 was reduced to 300-500 nmol/l. Depsite ultrasonographic evidence of normal fetal growth, urinary @entity10586 excretion was markedly deficient. Prior to the spontaneous onset of labour, there was a marked rise in plasma @entity701 despite continuous @entity4235 treatment. A normal female @entity1 was born at 37 weeks' gestation. The maternal @entity652 was subsequently removed. The deficiency of @entity10586 synthesis during the pregnancy may be explained by @entity4235 -induced inhibition of C19-hydroxylation.

title: XXXX in pregnancy--treatment with @entity4235 .

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: Simultaneous kinetic studies of @entity41878 ( @entity41878 ) and T3 were performed in 15 healthy controls (8 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ), 7 @entity1378 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ), and 6 @entity1375 @entity1 using the single injection, noncompartmental approach. The serum concentrations (picomoles per liter), MCRs (liters . day-1 . (70 kg)-1), and production rates (PRs; nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1) of @entity41878 in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 were (mean +/- SD): 100 +/- 23 vs. 80 +/- 23 (P = NS), 59 +/- 31 vs. 123 +/- 58 (P less than 0.025), and 5.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 9.1 +/- 2.6 (P less than 0.02). The conversion rate (CR) of T3 to @entity41878 was 12.0 +/- 3.8% in @entity1 compared to 18.5 +/- 3.7% in @entity1 (P less than 0.01). Serum @entity41878 levels in five mildly @entity1378 @entity1 were elevated to 123 +/- 33 pmol/liter (P less than 0.05), whereas the MCR and PR were unchanged. However, two @entity1378 @entity1 with more pronounced elevation of serum T3 had enhanced PRs (26.9 and 23.9 nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1). The CR in @entity1378 @entity1 was significantly reduced to 5.6 +/- 2.9% (P less than 0.001). The serum levels, MCR, and PR of @entity41878 in @entity1375 @entity1 were: 58 +/- 25 pmol/liter (P = NS), 71 +/- 52 liters . day-1 . (70 kg)-1 (P = NS), and 3.4 +/- 2.4 nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1 (P less than 0.005). The CR was enhanced to 34.8 +/- 15.7% (P less than 0.05). Our data demonstrate that in euthyroid subjects, approximately 15% of T3 is deiodinated to @entity41878 , and this 5'-deiodination of T3 is influenced by thyroid function.

title: Simultaneous measurement of XXXX and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine turnover kinetics in @entity1378 , and @entity1375 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

answer: @entity41878 :: (MESH:C030102|MESH:C030103,Chemical) :: ['3,5-diiodothyronine']


abstract: Simultaneous kinetic studies of @entity41878 ( @entity41878 ) and T3 were performed in 15 healthy controls (8 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ), 7 @entity1378 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ), and 6 @entity1375 @entity1 using the single injection, noncompartmental approach. The serum concentrations (picomoles per liter), MCRs (liters . day-1 . (70 kg)-1), and production rates (PRs; nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1) of @entity41878 in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 were (mean +/- SD): 100 +/- 23 vs. 80 +/- 23 (P = NS), 59 +/- 31 vs. 123 +/- 58 (P less than 0.025), and 5.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 9.1 +/- 2.6 (P less than 0.02). The conversion rate (CR) of T3 to @entity41878 was 12.0 +/- 3.8% in @entity1 compared to 18.5 +/- 3.7% in @entity1 (P less than 0.01). Serum @entity41878 levels in five mildly @entity1378 @entity1 were elevated to 123 +/- 33 pmol/liter (P less than 0.05), whereas the MCR and PR were unchanged. However, two @entity1378 @entity1 with more pronounced elevation of serum T3 had enhanced PRs (26.9 and 23.9 nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1). The CR in @entity1378 @entity1 was significantly reduced to 5.6 +/- 2.9% (P less than 0.001). The serum levels, MCR, and PR of @entity41878 in @entity1375 @entity1 were: 58 +/- 25 pmol/liter (P = NS), 71 +/- 52 liters . day-1 . (70 kg)-1 (P = NS), and 3.4 +/- 2.4 nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1 (P less than 0.005). The CR was enhanced to 34.8 +/- 15.7% (P less than 0.05). Our data demonstrate that in euthyroid subjects, approximately 15% of T3 is deiodinated to @entity41878 , and this 5'-deiodination of T3 is influenced by thyroid function.

title: Simultaneous measurement of @entity41878 and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine turnover kinetics in XXXX , and @entity1375 subjects.

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['euthyroid hyperthyroid']


abstract: Simultaneous kinetic studies of @entity41878 ( @entity41878 ) and T3 were performed in 15 healthy controls (8 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ), 7 @entity1378 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ), and 6 @entity1375 @entity1 using the single injection, noncompartmental approach. The serum concentrations (picomoles per liter), MCRs (liters . day-1 . (70 kg)-1), and production rates (PRs; nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1) of @entity41878 in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 were (mean +/- SD): 100 +/- 23 vs. 80 +/- 23 (P = NS), 59 +/- 31 vs. 123 +/- 58 (P less than 0.025), and 5.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 9.1 +/- 2.6 (P less than 0.02). The conversion rate (CR) of T3 to @entity41878 was 12.0 +/- 3.8% in @entity1 compared to 18.5 +/- 3.7% in @entity1 (P less than 0.01). Serum @entity41878 levels in five mildly @entity1378 @entity1 were elevated to 123 +/- 33 pmol/liter (P less than 0.05), whereas the MCR and PR were unchanged. However, two @entity1378 @entity1 with more pronounced elevation of serum T3 had enhanced PRs (26.9 and 23.9 nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1). The CR in @entity1378 @entity1 was significantly reduced to 5.6 +/- 2.9% (P less than 0.001). The serum levels, MCR, and PR of @entity41878 in @entity1375 @entity1 were: 58 +/- 25 pmol/liter (P = NS), 71 +/- 52 liters . day-1 . (70 kg)-1 (P = NS), and 3.4 +/- 2.4 nmol . day-1 . (70 kg)-1 (P less than 0.005). The CR was enhanced to 34.8 +/- 15.7% (P less than 0.05). Our data demonstrate that in euthyroid subjects, approximately 15% of T3 is deiodinated to @entity41878 , and this 5'-deiodination of T3 is influenced by thyroid function.

title: Simultaneous measurement of @entity41878 and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine turnover kinetics in @entity1378 , and XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of surgically resected, apparently localized, @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if cell cycle progression (CCP) gene expression can predict future @entity3 . METHODS: Pathologic T2a-T3b @entity5 at University of (X) were reviewed. @entity1 with known or suspected @entity3 , lymph node involvement or who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy or immunotherapy were excluded. Case and control cohorts were defined as those who did or did not develop @entity3 within 5 years. Measured levels of 31 cell cycle genes and 15 control genes from the @entity5 were calculated as a CCP score. Additionally, gene expression data for a separate @entity1358 cohort was downloaded from The @entity5 (TCGA). RESULTS: Univariate analysis of 26 cases and 38 controls revealed that the CCP score predicted progression to @entity3 (OR 2.65, p = 0.0091). In multivariate logistic regression modeling, CCP expression remained a significant independent predictor for progression (p = 0.026). The CCP score was also significantly associated with distant @entity3 in the @entity5 cohort in both univariate (p = 1.0 * 10-9) and multivariate (p = 5.6 * 10-3) analysis. CONCLUSION: The CCP score has prognostic value in predicting metastatic progression after resection of organ-confined @entity1358 .

title: Cell cycle progression score predicts metastatic progression of XXXX after resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas', 'TCGA renal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The interatrial septum (IAS) has not been readily appreciated by M-mode echocardiography, but cross-sectional echocardiography has the capability of recording the shape and location of the IAS. Thirty-five @entity1 with secundum @entity118 ( @entity118 ) were studied with cross-sectional echocardiography for detection of the @entity118 defect and demonstration of the IAS features following @entity118 closure. The @entity118 was shown as an echo dropout at the mid-portion of the septum in those @entity1 examined in the present study in the horizontal cross-sections at the fourth intercostal space. The edge of the remaining IAS sharply demarcated and the defect was constantly demonstrated. In the postoperative @entity1 , the IAS was recognized as a smooth series of echoes and the defect was no longer recognized. A notch echo was demonstrated in @entity1 who underwent direct suture of the defect, and two notch echoes were recorded in @entity1 who had a patch closure from a cardiac operation. The size of the defect at cardiac operation ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 cm with an average of 3.3 +/- 0.2 cm. The defect was slightly smaller on cross-sectional echocardiograms than at the time of operation. As the defect grew larger, the right ventricular dimension and the Qp/Qs became larger as well. Postoperatively, the right ventricular dimension was remarkably decreased, and the paradoxical movement of the interventricular septum (IVS) was normalized in the majority of the @entity1 . Cross-sectional echocardiography is useful to diagnose @entity118 , to measure the size of the IAS defect, and to follow the clinical course.

title: Cross-sectional echocardiographic study on XXXX : pre- and postoperative considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few studies of the incidence and clinical characteristics of @entity2894 ( @entity2894 ) in @entity977 @entity1 , and the findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the incidence, clinical presentation, surgical management and postoperative complications of @entity2894 in @entity977 @entity1 . METHODS: A database was specifically designed to collect clinical, therapeutic, prognostic and histological information about @entity977 @entity1 . Using multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 2021 @entity977 @entity1 were recruited. 97 (4.8%) @entity1 had @entity2894 . The incidence of @entity2894 was 10.11% in @entity1 with @entity4611 , and 0.36% in @entity1 with microadenoma. Variables for the logistic regression model independently associated with @entity2894 were sex (male vs. female, OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.59~4.07), @entity5 type (negative staining vs. positive staining, OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.29~3.23), and @entity5 size (macroadenoma vs. microadenoma, OR = 26.46, 95% CI = 9.66~72.46). @entity227 were the most common symptoms in @entity1 with @entity977 . @entity1 with and without @entity2894 had similar frequency of @entity227 , @entity542 , acromegalic appearance, @entity21696 , cold intolerance and Cushingoid appearance, but @entity10 , @entity391 , @entity1736 , @entity892 , @entity221 and @entity1939 were significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity2894 . Pearson Chi-Square tests revealed a significant difference in surgical approach between @entity1 with and without @entity2894 (95.88% vs. 85.57%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity2894 is not a rare event. Male sex, @entity5 , and macroadenoma are associated with an increased risk of @entity2894 . Compared with @entity977 @entity1 without @entity2894 , @entity1 with @entity2894 have more severe symptoms.

title: Incidence of Pituitary Apoplexy and Its Risk Factors in Chinese @entity1 : A Database Study of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration', 'Headache, visual deterioration, and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-functioning tumor']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhoea']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few studies of the incidence and clinical characteristics of @entity2894 ( @entity2894 ) in @entity977 @entity1 , and the findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the incidence, clinical presentation, surgical management and postoperative complications of @entity2894 in @entity977 @entity1 . METHODS: A database was specifically designed to collect clinical, therapeutic, prognostic and histological information about @entity977 @entity1 . Using multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 2021 @entity977 @entity1 were recruited. 97 (4.8%) @entity1 had @entity2894 . The incidence of @entity2894 was 10.11% in @entity1 with @entity4611 , and 0.36% in @entity1 with microadenoma. Variables for the logistic regression model independently associated with @entity2894 were sex (male vs. female, OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.59~4.07), @entity5 type (negative staining vs. positive staining, OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.29~3.23), and @entity5 size (macroadenoma vs. microadenoma, OR = 26.46, 95% CI = 9.66~72.46). @entity227 were the most common symptoms in @entity1 with @entity977 . @entity1 with and without @entity2894 had similar frequency of @entity227 , @entity542 , acromegalic appearance, @entity21696 , cold intolerance and Cushingoid appearance, but @entity10 , @entity391 , @entity1736 , @entity892 , @entity221 and @entity1939 were significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity2894 . Pearson Chi-Square tests revealed a significant difference in surgical approach between @entity1 with and without @entity2894 (95.88% vs. 85.57%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity2894 is not a rare event. Male sex, @entity5 , and macroadenoma are associated with an increased risk of @entity2894 . Compared with @entity977 @entity1 without @entity2894 , @entity1 with @entity2894 have more severe symptoms.

title: Incidence of Pituitary Apoplexy and Its Risk Factors in Chinese XXXX : A Database Study of @entity1 with @entity977 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few studies of the incidence and clinical characteristics of @entity2894 ( @entity2894 ) in @entity977 @entity1 , and the findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the incidence, clinical presentation, surgical management and postoperative complications of @entity2894 in @entity977 @entity1 . METHODS: A database was specifically designed to collect clinical, therapeutic, prognostic and histological information about @entity977 @entity1 . Using multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 2021 @entity977 @entity1 were recruited. 97 (4.8%) @entity1 had @entity2894 . The incidence of @entity2894 was 10.11% in @entity1 with @entity4611 , and 0.36% in @entity1 with microadenoma. Variables for the logistic regression model independently associated with @entity2894 were sex (male vs. female, OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.59~4.07), @entity5 type (negative staining vs. positive staining, OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.29~3.23), and @entity5 size (macroadenoma vs. microadenoma, OR = 26.46, 95% CI = 9.66~72.46). @entity227 were the most common symptoms in @entity1 with @entity977 . @entity1 with and without @entity2894 had similar frequency of @entity227 , @entity542 , acromegalic appearance, @entity21696 , cold intolerance and Cushingoid appearance, but @entity10 , @entity391 , @entity1736 , @entity892 , @entity221 and @entity1939 were significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity2894 . Pearson Chi-Square tests revealed a significant difference in surgical approach between @entity1 with and without @entity2894 (95.88% vs. 85.57%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity2894 is not a rare event. Male sex, @entity5 , and macroadenoma are associated with an increased risk of @entity2894 . Compared with @entity977 @entity1 without @entity2894 , @entity1 with @entity2894 have more severe symptoms.

title: Incidence of Pituitary Apoplexy and Its Risk Factors in Chinese @entity1 : A Database Study of XXXX with @entity977 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of fixed @entity3029 ( @entity3029 ) with @entity3473 ( @entity3473 ) is challenging. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a modified technique to reduce fixed @entity3029 and @entity3473 through a posterior approach. METHODS: From 2007 to 2013, 174 @entity1 with fixed @entity3029 and @entity3473 underwent surgical reduction by posterior atlantoaxial facet joint release and fixation technique. RESULTS: There was 1 death in the series, and 3 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 52 months (mean: 35.2 months) for the remaining 170 @entity1 . Neurological improvement was observed in 168 of 170 @entity1 (98.8%), and was stable in 1 (0.06%) and exacerbated in 1 (0.06%), with the Japanese Orthopedic Association scores increasing from 11.4 preoperatively to 15.8 postoperatively (P < .01). Radiologically, complete or >90% reduction was attained in 107 @entity1 (62.9%), 60% to 90% reduction was attained in 51 @entity1 (30%), and <50% reduction was attained in 12 @entity1 (7.1%), who underwent additional transoral decompression. Complete decompression was demonstrated in all 170 @entity1 . Solid bony fusion was demonstrated in 167 @entity1 at follow-up (98.2%). CONCLUSION: This series showed the safety and efficacy of the posterior C1-2 facet joint release and reduction technique for the treatment of @entity3029 and @entity3473 . Most fixed @entity3029 and @entity3473 cases are reducible via this method. In most cases, this method avoids transoral odontoidectomy and cervical traction. Compared with the occiput-C2 screw method, this short-segment C1-2 technique exerts less antireduction shearing force, guarantees longer bone purchase, and provides more immediate stabilization. ABBREVIATIONS: @entity3029 , @entity9807 , anterior atlantodens intervalBI, basilar invaginationC1LM, C1 lateral massCVJ, craniovertebral junctionJOA, Japanese Orthopedic AssociationVA, vertebral artery.

title: Posterior Reduction of Fixed XXXX and Basilar Invagination by Atlantoaxial Facet Joint Release and Fixation: A Modified Technique With 174 Cases.

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['BI', 'basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial dislocationADI']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['AAD', 'atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['Atlantoaxial Dislocation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this work was to formulate chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with @entity3285 (KT) intended for topical ocular delivery. NPs were prepared using ionic gelation method incorporating @entity6224 ( @entity8331 ) as cross-linker. Following the preparation, the composition of the system was optimized in terms of their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE) and morphology, as well as performing structural characterization studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The data suggested that the size of the NPs was affected by CS/ @entity8331 ratio where the diameter of the NPs ranged from 108.0        2.4   nm to 257.2        18.6   nm. A correlation between drug EE and the corresponding drug concentration added to the formulation was observed, where the EE of the NPs increased with increasing drug concentration, for up to 10   mg/mL. FT-IR and DSC revealed that KT was dispersed within the NPs where the @entity4613 groups of @entity8331 were associated with the @entity3104 groups of CS. The in vitro release profile of KT from CS NPs showed significant differences (p   <   0.05) compared to KT solution. Furthermore, mucoadhesion studies revealed adhesive properties of the formulated NPs. The KT-loaded NPs were found to be stable when stored at different storage conditions for a period of 3 months. The ex vivo corneal permeation studies performed on excised porcine eye balls confirmed the ability of NPs in retaining the drug on the eye surface for a relatively longer time. These results demonstrate the potential of CS-based NPs for the ocular delivery of KT.

title: Formulation and corneal permeation of XXXX -loaded chitosan nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity6224 :: ('MESH:C005692', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-polyphosphate']

answer: @entity3285 :: (MESH:D020911,Chemical) :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']