abstract: OBJECT: The posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) in the thoracic and lumbar spine is one of the region's important stabilizers. The precise diagnosis of @entity130 is required to evaluate the instability of the injured spine; however, the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for diagnosing @entity130 has remained unclear. In this study, the authors compared preoperative MR imaging findings with direct intraoperative observation of @entity130 , clarifying the former's diagnostic accuracy regarding detection of @entity130 associated with the @entity174 . METHODS: Data obtained in 35 @entity1 who sustained thoracic or lumbar injuries were reviewed. There were 17 burst @entity174 , six flexion-distraction injuries, and 12 @entity174 . Each @entity1 underwent MR imaging examination within 3 weeks of injury. Three radiologists independently evaluated sagittal MR images in a blinded fashion. The PLC-related information was retrospectively collected from each operative record. The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging was analyzed by comparing imaging-documented intraoperative findings. The @entity130 were detected in 23 @entity1 (65.7%) by direct observation during posterior spinal procedures. The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging in detecting injury of the supraspinous ligament (SSL) and interspinous ligament (ISL) was 90.5 and 94.3%, respectively. The specificity of T1-weighted MR imaging alone for depicting the SSL was significantly greater than T2-weighted imaging alone (p < 0.05). The overall mean kappa coefficient for MR imaging findings of @entity130 was 0.803, which indicated excellent interobserver reliability; that for ISL (0.915) was significantly greater than that for SSL (0.69) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study clarified a high diagnostic accuracy and interobserver reliability of MR imaging for @entity130 . The precise diagnosis of @entity130 is essential to determine the mechanical instability of the injured thoracic and lumbar spine, especially in differentiating unstable (three-column) burst @entity174 from the relatively stable (two-column) type. The authors conclude that MR imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool to evaluate @entity130 associated with @entity174 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for detecting posterior ligamentous complex injury associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture dislocations', 'thoracic and lumbar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['PLC injury', 'PLC injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['thoracic and lumbar fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1086 is common in Pakistan and has an extremely poor prognosis. Treatment is primarily surgical. Chemotherapy is frequently used in @entity1 with @entity1442 . This study was performed to evaluate and compare the clinicopathological features and management of @entity1086 in @entity15449 @entity1 , with particular emphasis on factors that influence survival. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-three @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1086 were studied. Information was prospectively collected on demographic features, clinical and laboratory findings at the time of presentation, influence of therapy, and survival. Data were analyzed to evaluate variables that influenced survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate survival. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were @entity1 (77%). Mean age was 55 years (+/-11 years). Fourteen per cent of females were nulliparous. Twenty-six per cent had five or more @entity1 . Only 4% of @entity1 had a documented history of @entity1682 . The majority (69%) had a history of symptomatic @entity1085 . The commonest presenting symptom was @entity158 (89%), followed by @entity390 and @entity391 (52%), @entity353 (42%), and @entity1087 (33%). One-quarter of @entity1 had a palpable abdominal mass. Most had abnormal hepatic function tests and 58% had @entity189 embryonic antigen levels. Stage (P < 0.001), @entity1087 (P = 0.01) and palpable mass (P = 0.02) were statistically significant variables. However, on multivariate analysis, @entity5 node @entity3 (TNM) stage was the only factor influencing survival. Median survival of the @entity1 was 44 months for @entity1 with stage I disease, 23 months for stage II, 17 months for stage III and 6 months for stage IV. CONCLUSION: These data are comparable with those reported from other developing countries. Most @entity1 presented at an advanced stage of disease and had an extremely poor prognosis. Systemic therapy did not provide any survival benefit. The TNM stage remains the most important factor influencing survival.

title: Clinicopathological features and management of XXXX in Pakistan: a prospective study of 233 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['elevated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: The psychrotrophic organism @entity2820 (Y.e.) is able to grow in foodstuffs thus rendering it dangerous for the consumer. Among others, the preparation of food in the kitchen might be an important way of transmission. Not only contaminated raw meat but aswell latently infected @entity1 and pet animals ( @entity468 , @entity235 ) may serve as a reservoir for Y.e. contamination. After artificial contamination of UHT milk and vanilla sauce with subsequent storage at 4 degrees C, two Y.e. strains of serovars 0:3 and 0:9 carrying the virulence plasmid multiplied during the first 6 d (9 d) at a rate of 1 log/d (Fig. 1). In pasteurized milk the multiplication rate was 0,65 log/d (Fig.2). Maximum bacterial counts in UHT milk after 15 d were in the order of 10(9) CFU/ml (Fig.4). In pasteurized milk, even minimal inoculation doses of less than 5 CFU/100ml (calculated) produced multiplication of Y.e. to 1,7-27 X 10(4) CFU/ml after 7 d (Tab.1). In this case the milk has been contaminated by an appropriately diluted suspension of faeces from infected @entity19 . When selected colonies were tested on MOX-Agar, a loss of the virulence plasmid could not be observed. In minced fresh pork meat with a bacterial count of 4,2 X 10(6) CFU/g--most of them i.e. 2,6 X 10(6) belonging to Pseudomonas sp.--added Y.e. did not multiply, but viable organisms could be recovered after contamination with only 2,9-6,6 X 10(2) CFU Y.e./g and storage at 4 degrees C for 72 h (Tab.2). Similarly, after contamination of quartered paprika husks and halves of @entity10786 , Y.e. strains could be re-isolated after 15 d storage at 4 degrees C or room temperature if the number of bacteria used for inoculation was in the range of 10(6) (Tab.3). Feeding contaminated @entity10786 to NMRI- @entity19 a calculated number of 5 X 10(3) CFU Y.e./ @entity19 were sufficient to cause @entity281 of part of the animals together with shedding of the organisms through the faeces (Tab.4). These results support the assumption that milk and home made milk products like vanilla sauce create a risk for @entity1 health when they are stored for a few days after contamination with Y.e. carrying the virulence plasmid. The same may be true for raw minced pork and fresh vegetables but only if the initial contamination was high. This might occur during food processing procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Growth rates of two virulence plasmids carrying XXXX after contamination of heated milk, raw minced pork and vegetables].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Y. enterocolitica']

answer: @entity2820 :: (630,Species) :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']


abstract: The role of microvascular damage in the genesis of the "no-reflow" phenomenon was investigated in the left ventricular myocardium of @entity235 subjected to temporary occlusions of a major coronary artery for 40 and 90 min. Intravenous @entity17244 or @entity7732 (a fluorescent vital stain for endothelium) were used to demonstrate the distribution of coronary arterial flow in control and damaged myocardium. These tracers were injected simultaneously with release of the @entity1563 or after 5 or 20 min of reflow of coronary arterial blood. After 40 min of @entity63 plus arterial reperfusion, usually the tracers were evenly distributed throughout the damaged tissue at each time of reperfusion. On the other hand, when reflow was allowed after 90 min of @entity63 , portions of the inner half of damaged myocardium were not penetrated by the tracers. Electron microscopic study of this poorly perfused tissue revealed severe @entity16 ; endothelial cells with large intraluminal protrusions and decreased pinocytic vesicles were common. Also, occasional intraluminal fibrin thrombi were noted, as well as extravascular fibrin deposits and erythrocytes. Myocardial cells were swollen in both poorly perfused and well-perfused irreversibly injured tissue. Contraction bands and mitochondrial @entity141 accumulation were prominent features of irreversible injury with reflow at 40 min but were not noted after 90 min of @entity63 in areas with poor perfusion. These results suggest that 40 min of @entity63 were tolerated by the capillary bed of the @entity235 heart without serious @entity16 or perfusion defects, but that 90 min of @entity63 was associated with the "no-reflow" phenomenon, i.e., failure to achieve uniform reperfusion. This failure of reflow was associated with extensive @entity16 and myocardial cell swelling. Death of severely @entity63 myocardial cells in this model occurs before the onset of @entity16 and the no-reflow phenomenon.

title: The "no-reflow" phenomenon after temporary XXXX in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['capillary damage']

entities_list: @entity17244 :: ('MESH:D053260', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon black']

entities_list: @entity7732 :: ('MESH:C009462', 'Chemical') :: ['thioflavin S']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusion']


abstract: The role of microvascular damage in the genesis of the "no-reflow" phenomenon was investigated in the left ventricular myocardium of @entity235 subjected to temporary occlusions of a major coronary artery for 40 and 90 min. Intravenous @entity17244 or @entity7732 (a fluorescent vital stain for endothelium) were used to demonstrate the distribution of coronary arterial flow in control and damaged myocardium. These tracers were injected simultaneously with release of the @entity1563 or after 5 or 20 min of reflow of coronary arterial blood. After 40 min of @entity63 plus arterial reperfusion, usually the tracers were evenly distributed throughout the damaged tissue at each time of reperfusion. On the other hand, when reflow was allowed after 90 min of @entity63 , portions of the inner half of damaged myocardium were not penetrated by the tracers. Electron microscopic study of this poorly perfused tissue revealed severe @entity16 ; endothelial cells with large intraluminal protrusions and decreased pinocytic vesicles were common. Also, occasional intraluminal fibrin thrombi were noted, as well as extravascular fibrin deposits and erythrocytes. Myocardial cells were swollen in both poorly perfused and well-perfused irreversibly injured tissue. Contraction bands and mitochondrial @entity141 accumulation were prominent features of irreversible injury with reflow at 40 min but were not noted after 90 min of @entity63 in areas with poor perfusion. These results suggest that 40 min of @entity63 were tolerated by the capillary bed of the @entity235 heart without serious @entity16 or perfusion defects, but that 90 min of @entity63 was associated with the "no-reflow" phenomenon, i.e., failure to achieve uniform reperfusion. This failure of reflow was associated with extensive @entity16 and myocardial cell swelling. Death of severely @entity63 myocardial cells in this model occurs before the onset of @entity16 and the no-reflow phenomenon.

title: The "no-reflow" phenomenon after temporary @entity1563 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hematological side effects are not generally expected due to radiotherapy involving limited radiation fields; however, @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 (SCCH and N) receiving radiation therapy frequently have chronic @entity281 . @entity2133 has been implicated as a cause of it, but local or systemic immune alterations are not usually considered. METHODS: With the purpose of evaluating the impact of radiotherapy treatment to different anatomic sites on immune function, 70 @entity1 were evaluated during and after radiotherapy: 50 cases with SCCH and N, 10 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 10 @entity1 with @entity1221 ( @entity1221 ). We analyzed lymphocyte counts and T-cell subsets, and over time, their association with the presence of intracellular infections and disease-free survival. RESULTS: Severe @entity2905 was observed in @entity1 with @entity957 and SCCH and N by the fifth week of treatment. @entity1 with @entity1221 @entity5 developed mild @entity2905 . In @entity1 with SCCH and N and UC, lower counts were seen in B cells and total T lymphocyte counts including both @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) cell subsets. The @entity1 with @entity957 recovered lymphocyte counts by the 24th month but T-cell subsets lagged behind. None of the SCCH and N @entity1 had fully recovered by 60 months of follow-up. Recurrence correlates with low lymphocyte counts. DISCUSSION: This work highlights the vulnerability of the @entity135 area to the impact of radiotherapy as a reservoir of lymphoid cells. The possibility of recovery as a consequence of thymopoiesis and/or peripheral clonal expansion may limit the antigen-specific recognition of relevant @entity5 or microbial antigens and cause significant and prolonged immune alterations that may impact long-term survival.

title: Long-term immune dysfunction after radiotherapy to the XXXX area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCCUC', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['CNS', 'central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral infections']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: When @entity146 @entity1 express a wish for euthanasia, this should first and foremost be interpreted as a cry for help. Due to their close day-to-day relationship, @entity146 nurses may play an important and central role in responding to such requests. However, little is known about nurses' attitudes towards euthanasia motivated by @entity1032 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide insight into the attitudes and actions taken by @entity146 nurses when confronted with a @entity1 's euthanasia request based on @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ). METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to 11 @entity146 hospitals in the Flemish part of Belgium. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 70% (N = 627). Psychiatric nurses were frequently confronted with a request for euthanasia, either directly (N = 329, 53%) or through a colleague (N = 427, 69%). A majority (N = 536, 84%) did not object to euthanasia in a psychiatrically ill population with @entity1032 . Confounding factors were the @entity146 diagnosis and the type of ward where the nurses were working. Most @entity1 acknowledged a lack of knowledge and skills to adequately address the euthanasia request (N = 434, 71%). Nearly unanimously (N = 618, 99%), study @entity1 indicated that dealing with euthanasia requests and other end-of-life issues should be part of the formal training of nurses. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the need for ethically sound and comprehensive provision of care. Psychiatric nurses play an important role in dealing with the complex issue of requests for euthanasia. There is also a need for education, training and clear guidelines on the level of health care organizations.

title: Attitudes of Psychiatric Nurses about the Request for Euthanasia on the Basis of Unbearable Mental Suffering( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['UMS', 'unbearable mental suffering']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['UMS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously described prognostic markers in @entity884 ( @entity884 ) include @entity47 size >= 1cm, fever for more than three weeks, @entity712 and severe @entity295 . This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of medical therapy for vegetations >= 1cm and explore determinants of outcome in a representative population of intravenous drug users (IDUs) at a metropolitan Australian health service. METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive IDUs presenting to our institution with native-valve @entity884 (by modified Duke criteria) over six years (2005-2011). Data recorded included echocardiographic estimation of maximal @entity47 diameter (classified as < or >= 1cm). Relationships between @entity47 size and specified outcomes of @entity204 , @entity326 , recurrence and relapse were examined by Chi-squared testing. RESULTS: Of 49 episodes five (10%) were managed surgically and a further four (8%) were lost to follow-up and excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 40 evaluable medically treated @entity1 (median age 28, range 20-55), 37 (93%) cultured @entity3256 -sensitive @entity794 and all had tricuspid valve involvement. Of 24 with vegetations >= 1cm, three died (mortality 13%) compared with one (6%) in 16 medically treated @entity1 with vegetations <1cm (p=0.63). A Pittsburgh (PITT) @entity582 score of >= 4 at presentation was associated with a mortality of 24% (four of 17 @entity1 died) compared with 0 in 23 @entity1 with PITT scores <4 (p=0.026). CONCLUSION: Medical therapy alone can be effective for @entity884 when large vegetations are present. However a high @entity295 score at presentation may increase risk of @entity204 . Larger studies are required to determine optimal indications for early surgical intervention.

title: A Retrospective Review: Significance of Vegetation Size in Injection Drug Users with Right-Sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['RSIE', 'right-sided infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective Endocarditis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to provide quantitative descriptions of the dendritic branching patterns of pyramidal neurones in the @entity1249 region of the @entity35 hippocampus. Thirteen adult cells were filled with biocytin and reconstructed by using the light microscope. The number of basal trees arising from the soma of each cell ranged from two to eight. There was wide variation in the number of terminal segments per tree. Six cells had single apical trunks, and seven had trunks that bifurcated in stratum radiatum. The number of apical oblique trees ranged from nine to 30, with each tree usually showing a lower degree of branching than basal trees. Basal and oblique trees had similar branching patterns, with the majority of branch points occurring close to the origin of the tree. Both basal and oblique terminal segments were generally much longer than intermediate segments and constituted up to 90% of the combined @entity2343 of the tree. The branching pattern of the apical tuft was different, with many relatively long intermediate segments; terminal segments contributed only some 66% of the combined @entity2343 of these trees. The mean total combined @entity2343 for six adult cells reconstructed and measured completely was 11,900 +/- 1,000 microns (standard deviation). The relative proportions of the different parts of the dendritic system, although not the total @entity2343 , were correlated with the location of the soma relative to the cell body layer. Cells with somata close to the stratum pyramidale/stratum radiatum border had more dendrites terminating in stratum radiatum and fewer in stratum oriens than cells with somata further from it.

title: Dendritic morphology of XXXX pyramidal neurones from the @entity35 hippocampus: I. Branching patterns.

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic length']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: The aim of this study was to provide quantitative descriptions of the dendritic branching patterns of pyramidal neurones in the @entity1249 region of the @entity35 hippocampus. Thirteen adult cells were filled with biocytin and reconstructed by using the light microscope. The number of basal trees arising from the soma of each cell ranged from two to eight. There was wide variation in the number of terminal segments per tree. Six cells had single apical trunks, and seven had trunks that bifurcated in stratum radiatum. The number of apical oblique trees ranged from nine to 30, with each tree usually showing a lower degree of branching than basal trees. Basal and oblique trees had similar branching patterns, with the majority of branch points occurring close to the origin of the tree. Both basal and oblique terminal segments were generally much longer than intermediate segments and constituted up to 90% of the combined @entity2343 of the tree. The branching pattern of the apical tuft was different, with many relatively long intermediate segments; terminal segments contributed only some 66% of the combined @entity2343 of these trees. The mean total combined @entity2343 for six adult cells reconstructed and measured completely was 11,900 +/- 1,000 microns (standard deviation). The relative proportions of the different parts of the dendritic system, although not the total @entity2343 , were correlated with the location of the soma relative to the cell body layer. Cells with somata close to the stratum pyramidale/stratum radiatum border had more dendrites terminating in stratum radiatum and fewer in stratum oriens than cells with somata further from it.

title: Dendritic morphology of @entity1249 pyramidal neurones from the XXXX hippocampus: I. Branching patterns.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare long-term patency after @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease between @entity1 with hemodialysis ( @entity2033 ; @entity2033 +) and those without @entity2033 ( @entity2033 -). BACKGROUND: Long-term patency after @entity34 for @entity432 in @entity2033 + remains unknown. METHODS: @entity34 to SFA was successfully performed in 382 consecutive @entity1 during 2004-2011. Cox proportional hazard model estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for the loss of primary patency (PP), secondary patency (SP), and @entity11768 ( @entity11768 ) in @entity2033 +. Binominal logistic regression analysis calculated the propensity score (PS) for covariates with a P value of <0.2 for @entity2033 as a dependent variable. HRs were adjusted for PS in multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: PP and SP in @entity2033 + and @entity2033 - were 47.9 and 79.4% and 68.4 and 92.5%, respectively, 4 years after @entity34 . There were no procedure-related amputations or in-hospital deaths. Adjusted HRs for the loss of PP, SP, and @entity11768 were as follows: loss of PP, adjusted HR 2.010, 95% CI 1.157-3.492, P   =   0.013; loss of SP, adjusted HR 2.927, 95% CI 1.236-6.933, P   =   0.015; and loss of @entity11768 , adjusted HR 1.665, 95% CI 0.994-2.791, P   =   0.053. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2033 + had more than double the risks for loss of PP and SP than @entity2033 -, @entity34 to SFA in @entity2033 + was found to be safe with an acceptable PP and SP.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Comparison of long-term patency after XXXX for superficial femoral artery occlusive disease between @entity1 with and without hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity11768 :: ('MESH:C565682', 'Disease') :: ['amputation-free survival', 'AFS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SFA occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['EVT', 'endovascular therapy']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['endovascular therapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare long-term patency after @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease between @entity1 with hemodialysis ( @entity2033 ; @entity2033 +) and those without @entity2033 ( @entity2033 -). BACKGROUND: Long-term patency after @entity34 for @entity432 in @entity2033 + remains unknown. METHODS: @entity34 to SFA was successfully performed in 382 consecutive @entity1 during 2004-2011. Cox proportional hazard model estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for the loss of primary patency (PP), secondary patency (SP), and @entity11768 ( @entity11768 ) in @entity2033 +. Binominal logistic regression analysis calculated the propensity score (PS) for covariates with a P value of <0.2 for @entity2033 as a dependent variable. HRs were adjusted for PS in multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: PP and SP in @entity2033 + and @entity2033 - were 47.9 and 79.4% and 68.4 and 92.5%, respectively, 4 years after @entity34 . There were no procedure-related amputations or in-hospital deaths. Adjusted HRs for the loss of PP, SP, and @entity11768 were as follows: loss of PP, adjusted HR 2.010, 95% CI 1.157-3.492, P   =   0.013; loss of SP, adjusted HR 2.927, 95% CI 1.236-6.933, P   =   0.015; and loss of @entity11768 , adjusted HR 1.665, 95% CI 0.994-2.791, P   =   0.053. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2033 + had more than double the risks for loss of PP and SP than @entity2033 -, @entity34 to SFA in @entity2033 + was found to be safe with an acceptable PP and SP.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Comparison of long-term patency after @entity34 for superficial femoral artery occlusive disease between XXXX with and without hemodialysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has been associated with poor prognosis in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, less data is available about the role of @entity67 in @entity1 with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We aimed to investigate if @entity67 would predict outcome in CRT. DESIGN: We enrolled prospectively ninety-three consecutive @entity712 @entity1 in this single center observational study. All @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation and echocardiography before CRT and 6 months after implantation. We assessed RV geometry and function by using speckle tracking imaging and calculated strain parameters. We performed multivariable Cox regression models to test mortality at 6 months and at 24 months. RESULTS: @entity67 , characterized by decreased @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) [10.2 (7.0-12.8) vs. 19.5 (15.0-23.9) %, p<0.0001] and @entity7086 ( @entity7086 ) [15.6 (10.0-19.3) vs. 17.4 (10.5-22.2) %, p = 0.04], improved 6 months after CRT implantation. Increasing baseline @entity4266 and @entity7086 predicted survival independent of other parameters at 6 months [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.37 (0.15-0.90), p = 0.02 and HR = 0.42 (0.19-0.89), p = 0.02; per 1 standard deviation increase, respectively]. @entity4266 proved to be a significant independent predictor of mortality at 24 months [HR = 0.53 (0.32-0.86), p = 0.01], and @entity7086 showed a strong tendency [HR = 0.64 (0.40-1.00), p = 0.05]. The 24-month survival was significantly impaired in @entity1 with @entity4266 below 10.04% before CRT implantation [area under the curve = 0.72 (0.60-0.84), p = 0.002, log-rank p = 0.0008; HR = 5.23 (1.76-15.48), p = 0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that baseline @entity67 is associated with poor short-term and long-term prognosis after CRT implantation.

title: Role of Right XXXX in Predicting Early and Long-Term Mortality in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['RV free wall strain', 'RVFWS']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RV global longitudinal strain', 'RVGLS']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has been associated with poor prognosis in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, less data is available about the role of @entity67 in @entity1 with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We aimed to investigate if @entity67 would predict outcome in CRT. DESIGN: We enrolled prospectively ninety-three consecutive @entity712 @entity1 in this single center observational study. All @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation and echocardiography before CRT and 6 months after implantation. We assessed RV geometry and function by using speckle tracking imaging and calculated strain parameters. We performed multivariable Cox regression models to test mortality at 6 months and at 24 months. RESULTS: @entity67 , characterized by decreased @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) [10.2 (7.0-12.8) vs. 19.5 (15.0-23.9) %, p<0.0001] and @entity7086 ( @entity7086 ) [15.6 (10.0-19.3) vs. 17.4 (10.5-22.2) %, p = 0.04], improved 6 months after CRT implantation. Increasing baseline @entity4266 and @entity7086 predicted survival independent of other parameters at 6 months [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.37 (0.15-0.90), p = 0.02 and HR = 0.42 (0.19-0.89), p = 0.02; per 1 standard deviation increase, respectively]. @entity4266 proved to be a significant independent predictor of mortality at 24 months [HR = 0.53 (0.32-0.86), p = 0.01], and @entity7086 showed a strong tendency [HR = 0.64 (0.40-1.00), p = 0.05]. The 24-month survival was significantly impaired in @entity1 with @entity4266 below 10.04% before CRT implantation [area under the curve = 0.72 (0.60-0.84), p = 0.002, log-rank p = 0.0008; HR = 5.23 (1.76-15.48), p = 0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that baseline @entity67 is associated with poor short-term and long-term prognosis after CRT implantation.

title: Role of Right @entity67 in Predicting Early and Long-Term Mortality in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive doses of @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) have adverse effects on bone and cardiac function, but it is unclear whether metabolic function is also affected. The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity1 receiving TSH-suppressive @entity2016 doses have alterations in energy expenditure or body composition. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional comparison between three groups of @entity1 : 26 @entity1 receiving chronic TSH-suppressive @entity2016 doses, 80 @entity1 receiving chronic replacement @entity2016 doses, and 16 untreated euthyroid control @entity1 . Subjects underwent measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate oxidation, and thermic effect of food by indirect calorimetry; physical activity energy expenditure by accelerometer; caloric intake by 24-hour diet recall; and body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: REE per kilogram lean body mass in the @entity2016 euthyroid @entity1 was 6% lower than that of the @entity2016 -suppressed group, and 4% lower than that of the healthy control group (p   =   0.04). Free @entity1954 (fT3) levels were directly correlated with REE, and were 10% lower in the @entity2016 euthyroid @entity1 compared with the other two groups (p   =   0.007). The groups of subjects did not differ in other measures of energy expenditure, caloric intake, or body composition. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2016 suppression therapy does not adversely affect energy expenditure or body composition in @entity1 . However, @entity2016 replacement therapy is associated with a lower REE, despite TSH levels within the reference range. This may be due to lower fT3 levels, suggesting relative tissue @entity1375 may contribute to impaired energy expenditure in @entity2016 therapy.

title: Effects of XXXX Replacement or Suppressive Therapy on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['Levothyroxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polio infection can often lead to orthopedic complications such as @entity625 , @entity170 , @entity425 , @entity85 , and chronic instability of the joints. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and associated complications of arthroplasty in shoulders with sequelae of @entity3328 . METHODS: Seven @entity1 (average age, 70 years) were treated between 1976 and 2013 with shoulder arthroplasty for the sequelae of polio. One @entity1 underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty, 2 had a hemiarthroplasty, and 4 had total shoulder arthroplasty. Average follow-up was 87  months. Outcome measures included @entity158 , range of motion, and postoperative modified Neer ratings. RESULTS: Overall @entity158 scores improved from 5 to 1.6 points (on a 5-point scale) after shoulder arthroplasty. Six shoulders had no or mild @entity158 at latest follow-up, and 6 shoulders rated the result as much better or better. Mean shoulder elevation improved from 72   to 129  , and external rotation improved from 11   to 56  . Average strength in elevation decreased from 3.9 to 3.4 postoperatively, and external rotation strength decreased from 3.9 to 3.3. This, however, did not reach significance. Evidence of muscle imbalance with radiographic instability was found in 4 shoulders that demonstrated superior subluxation, anterior subluxation, or both. This remained asymptomatic. No shoulder required revision or reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Shoulder arthroplasty provides significant @entity158 relief and improved motion in @entity1 with sequelae of @entity3328 . @entity425 may be responsible for postoperative instability, and careful selection of the @entity1 with @entity2045 muscles must be made.

title: Shoulder arthroplasty for sequelae of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['good upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness', 'Muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformation']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['poliomyelitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this population-based study was to identify demographic factors for @entity10791 at an early age. The risk analysis covered 11 biological and 8 environmental factors. The mothers' concerns regarding language development were also examined. A total of 226 @entity1 from a Finnish cohort study were invited to participate in language assessments at 36 months. The test results for word finding and language comprehension were compared with parental questionnaires about @entity1 's vocabulary at 13 and 24 months. Regression analysis revealed that the father's social class (t=-2.79, p=0.006) and working full time (t=-2.86, p=0.005) significantly predicted @entity1 's @entity10791 . In addition, language comprehension was significantly predicted by the mother's social class (t=-2.06, p=0.041) and by gender, with an advantage to @entity1 (t=-2.71, p=0.008). Vocabulary at 24 months was a powerful predictor for lexical development (t=4.58, p<0.0001) and language comprehension (t=4.85, p<0.0001) at 36 months. Mothers' concerns were correlated with @entity1 's limited lexicons as early as 24 months (r=0.31, p<0.0001) and poor language comprehension (r=-0.35, p<0.0001) at 36 months. Mothers were especially concerned if the parents needed special education during school years. At the population-level, gender was the most powerful biological factor in predicting @entity10791 . Similarly, both parents' social status had predictive value for the @entity1 's language development. In addition, it was found that the mother's concern about her @entity1 's slow language acquisition should be taken into account when making decisions regarding special support.

title: Identification of biological and environmental risk factors for XXXX : The Let's Talk STEPS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['language delay', 'language delays']

answer: @entity10791 :: (MESH:D007805,Disease) :: ['language delay']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because a combination of @entity1968 , interferon-alpha, and radiation therapy demonstrated synergistic action and effectiveness to treat @entity5 in earlier studies, we designed this randomized phase 2 open-label trial to assess efficacy and safety of @entity4020 ( @entity3027 ) and @entity10211 (RA) administered concomitantly with radiation therapy ( @entity3027 -RA-radiation) to treat @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Stage III cervical @entity5 @entity1 were randomized to study and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. All @entity1 were treated with radiation therapy; study arm @entity1 received @entity3027 (3  *  10(6) IU subcutaneously) 3 times a week for 4  weeks and daily RA (40  mg orally) for 30  days starting on day 1 of radiation, whereas control arm @entity1 received weekly @entity900 (40  mg/m(2)) for 5  weeks during radiation. @entity1 were followed for 3  years. The primary endpoint was overall survival at 3  years. RESULTS: @entity1 in the study (n=104) and control (n=105) groups were comparable for clinicopathological characteristics, radiation therapy-related variables and treatment response. Proportions of disease-free @entity1 in the study and control groups were 38.5% and 44.8%, respectively, after median follow-up of 29.2  months. Hazard ratios were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-1.01) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.44-1.06) for overall and disease-fee survival, respectively, comparing the study group to control, and demonstrated an inferior outcome with RA- @entity3027 -radiation, although differences were statistically nonsignificant. Kaplan-Meier curves of disease-free and overall survival probabilities also showed inferior survival in the study group compared to those in the control. Acute @entity137 of chemoradiation were significantly higher with 2 acute @entity137 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with RA- @entity3027 -radiation did not demonstrate survival advantage over chemoradiation despite being less toxic. The trends predicted an inferior outcome with the RA- @entity3027 combination.

title: Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Radiation Therapy Plus Concurrent Interferon-Alpha and @entity1968 Versus XXXX for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cervical cancers', 'cancer', 'stage III cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2b']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because a combination of @entity1968 , interferon-alpha, and radiation therapy demonstrated synergistic action and effectiveness to treat @entity5 in earlier studies, we designed this randomized phase 2 open-label trial to assess efficacy and safety of @entity4020 ( @entity3027 ) and @entity10211 (RA) administered concomitantly with radiation therapy ( @entity3027 -RA-radiation) to treat @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Stage III cervical @entity5 @entity1 were randomized to study and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. All @entity1 were treated with radiation therapy; study arm @entity1 received @entity3027 (3  *  10(6) IU subcutaneously) 3 times a week for 4  weeks and daily RA (40  mg orally) for 30  days starting on day 1 of radiation, whereas control arm @entity1 received weekly @entity900 (40  mg/m(2)) for 5  weeks during radiation. @entity1 were followed for 3  years. The primary endpoint was overall survival at 3  years. RESULTS: @entity1 in the study (n=104) and control (n=105) groups were comparable for clinicopathological characteristics, radiation therapy-related variables and treatment response. Proportions of disease-free @entity1 in the study and control groups were 38.5% and 44.8%, respectively, after median follow-up of 29.2  months. Hazard ratios were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-1.01) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.44-1.06) for overall and disease-fee survival, respectively, comparing the study group to control, and demonstrated an inferior outcome with RA- @entity3027 -radiation, although differences were statistically nonsignificant. Kaplan-Meier curves of disease-free and overall survival probabilities also showed inferior survival in the study group compared to those in the control. Acute @entity137 of chemoradiation were significantly higher with 2 acute @entity137 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with RA- @entity3027 -radiation did not demonstrate survival advantage over chemoradiation despite being less toxic. The trends predicted an inferior outcome with the RA- @entity3027 combination.

title: Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Radiation Therapy Plus Concurrent Interferon-Alpha and XXXX Versus @entity900 for @entity5 .

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['Retinoic Acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because a combination of @entity1968 , interferon-alpha, and radiation therapy demonstrated synergistic action and effectiveness to treat @entity5 in earlier studies, we designed this randomized phase 2 open-label trial to assess efficacy and safety of @entity4020 ( @entity3027 ) and @entity10211 (RA) administered concomitantly with radiation therapy ( @entity3027 -RA-radiation) to treat @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Stage III cervical @entity5 @entity1 were randomized to study and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. All @entity1 were treated with radiation therapy; study arm @entity1 received @entity3027 (3  *  10(6) IU subcutaneously) 3 times a week for 4  weeks and daily RA (40  mg orally) for 30  days starting on day 1 of radiation, whereas control arm @entity1 received weekly @entity900 (40  mg/m(2)) for 5  weeks during radiation. @entity1 were followed for 3  years. The primary endpoint was overall survival at 3  years. RESULTS: @entity1 in the study (n=104) and control (n=105) groups were comparable for clinicopathological characteristics, radiation therapy-related variables and treatment response. Proportions of disease-free @entity1 in the study and control groups were 38.5% and 44.8%, respectively, after median follow-up of 29.2  months. Hazard ratios were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-1.01) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.44-1.06) for overall and disease-fee survival, respectively, comparing the study group to control, and demonstrated an inferior outcome with RA- @entity3027 -radiation, although differences were statistically nonsignificant. Kaplan-Meier curves of disease-free and overall survival probabilities also showed inferior survival in the study group compared to those in the control. Acute @entity137 of chemoradiation were significantly higher with 2 acute @entity137 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with RA- @entity3027 -radiation did not demonstrate survival advantage over chemoradiation despite being less toxic. The trends predicted an inferior outcome with the RA- @entity3027 combination.

title: Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Radiation Therapy Plus Concurrent Interferon-Alpha and @entity1968 Versus @entity900 for XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III Cervical Carcinoma']


abstract: Acute @entity788 was induced in @entity468 by perfusing activated pancreatic enzymes through their pancreatic ducts. The ducts had been made permeable to large molecules by one of two techniques. The @entity468 either received @entity1068 (2 ml/kg every 8 h) and @entity117 (25 mg/kg every 8 h) orally for 48 h or had their pancreatic ducts perfused for 1 h with 7.5 mM @entity23222 . When the same procedure was followed, but using @entity6328 (dmPGE2) (2 micrograms/kg X h infused intravenously for 1 h before and during ductal perfusion with activated enzymes), @entity548 developed instead. To investigate whether an increase in pancreatic blood flow or microvascular permeability (both caused by dmPGE2) was important in this phenomenon, we tested the effects of @entity3044 (which increased blood flow) and @entity112 (which increased microvascular permeability) in the model. Thus in similar experiments, either @entity3044 (0.3 micrograms/kg . min) or @entity55382 (2 micrograms/kg . min) was infused instead of dmPGE2. The animals that received @entity112 also developed @entity548 . Those that received @entity3044 did not. These observations suggested that an increase in microvascular permeability in the pancreas converted @entity788 to @entity548 . These findings suggest also that clinical studies using @entity2918 to treat @entity1 with @entity788 should be approached with caution.

title: A model of @entity548 in @entity468 --role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'edematous pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6328 :: ('MESH:D015064', 'Chemical') :: ['16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity55382 :: ('MESH:C027556', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity23222 :: ('MESH:D006002', 'Chemical') :: ['glycodeoxycholate']

answer: @entity6328 :: (MESH:D015064,Chemical) :: ['16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2']


abstract: Acute @entity788 was induced in @entity468 by perfusing activated pancreatic enzymes through their pancreatic ducts. The ducts had been made permeable to large molecules by one of two techniques. The @entity468 either received @entity1068 (2 ml/kg every 8 h) and @entity117 (25 mg/kg every 8 h) orally for 48 h or had their pancreatic ducts perfused for 1 h with 7.5 mM @entity23222 . When the same procedure was followed, but using @entity6328 (dmPGE2) (2 micrograms/kg X h infused intravenously for 1 h before and during ductal perfusion with activated enzymes), @entity548 developed instead. To investigate whether an increase in pancreatic blood flow or microvascular permeability (both caused by dmPGE2) was important in this phenomenon, we tested the effects of @entity3044 (which increased blood flow) and @entity112 (which increased microvascular permeability) in the model. Thus in similar experiments, either @entity3044 (0.3 micrograms/kg . min) or @entity55382 (2 micrograms/kg . min) was infused instead of dmPGE2. The animals that received @entity112 also developed @entity548 . Those that received @entity3044 did not. These observations suggested that an increase in microvascular permeability in the pancreas converted @entity788 to @entity548 . These findings suggest also that clinical studies using @entity2918 to treat @entity1 with @entity788 should be approached with caution.

title: A model of XXXX in @entity468 --role of @entity6328 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic pancreatitis']


abstract: Acute @entity788 was induced in @entity468 by perfusing activated pancreatic enzymes through their pancreatic ducts. The ducts had been made permeable to large molecules by one of two techniques. The @entity468 either received @entity1068 (2 ml/kg every 8 h) and @entity117 (25 mg/kg every 8 h) orally for 48 h or had their pancreatic ducts perfused for 1 h with 7.5 mM @entity23222 . When the same procedure was followed, but using @entity6328 (dmPGE2) (2 micrograms/kg X h infused intravenously for 1 h before and during ductal perfusion with activated enzymes), @entity548 developed instead. To investigate whether an increase in pancreatic blood flow or microvascular permeability (both caused by dmPGE2) was important in this phenomenon, we tested the effects of @entity3044 (which increased blood flow) and @entity112 (which increased microvascular permeability) in the model. Thus in similar experiments, either @entity3044 (0.3 micrograms/kg . min) or @entity55382 (2 micrograms/kg . min) was infused instead of dmPGE2. The animals that received @entity112 also developed @entity548 . Those that received @entity3044 did not. These observations suggested that an increase in microvascular permeability in the pancreas converted @entity788 to @entity548 . These findings suggest also that clinical studies using @entity2918 to treat @entity1 with @entity788 should be approached with caution.

title: A model of @entity548 in XXXX --role of @entity6328 .

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of advanced @entity259 ( @entity259 ) was recently improved with the approval of @entity4733 and @entity14820 . However, there is still a need to explore sequential therapy with more than one @entity4149 kinase inhibitor (TKI) and to explore alternative therapies when @entity4733 and @entity14820 are not available. This study reports the authors' experience with @entity2857 as a treatment for advanced @entity259 . METHODS: This is a retrospective longitudinal study of 13 @entity1 with progressive metastatic @entity259 treated with @entity2857 400   mg twice daily between December 2011 and January 2015. The primary endpoints were to evaluate response and progression-free survival (PFS) in @entity1 treated with @entity2857 outside a clinical trial. The secondary endpoint was an assessment of the @entity137 profile. One @entity1 was excluded because of a serious @entity56 rash one week after starting @entity2857 . RESULTS: The analysis included 12 @entity1 with metastatic @entity259 (median age 48 years), 10 with sporadic and 2 with @entity74 . The median duration of treatment was 11 months, and the median follow-up was 15.5 months. At data cutoff, 2/12 (16%) @entity1 were still on treatment for 16 and 34 months. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors analysis, 10 (83.3%) @entity1 showed stable disease, and two (16.6%) had progression of disease; no partial response was observed. The median PFS was nine months. However, three @entity1 with extensive and rapidly progressive disease died within three months of @entity2857 treatment. The median PFS excluding these three @entity1 was 12 months. Adverse events (AE) occurred in nine (75%) @entity1 . The main AEs were @entity137 , @entity353 , and @entity1295 . Five (41.6%) @entity1 needed dose reduction, and one @entity1 discontinued treatment because of @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2857 in progressive metastatic @entity259 is well tolerated and resulted in disease control and durable clinical benefit in 75% of @entity1 . @entity2857 treatment could be considered when @entity4733 and @entity14820 are not available or after failing these drugs.

title: XXXX for the Treatment of Progressive Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Efficacy and Safety Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity14820 :: ('MESH:C558660', 'Chemical') :: ['cabozantinib']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic skin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['Sorafenib']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the application of the medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAPF) aided by preoperative ultrasonic perforator localization for postsurgical @entity1697 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2013 to August 2014, 25 @entity1 with @entity1697 underwent postsurgical reconstruction after @entity1697 resection using MSAPFs. To explore and locate the perforators, preoperative vascular ultrasound localization was used to find the MSAPs. The number and location of the perforators, length of the vascular pedicle, and thickness of the MSAPF were measured. Thirty-eight @entity1 who underwent reconstruction with a @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) and 21 @entity1 who underwent reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) were selected for comparison. RESULTS: The number of MSAPs ranged from 1 to 4, and 52 perforators were found accurately using preoperative ultrasonic localization (92.86%). The distance from the perforator to the popliteal crease ranged from 6.2 to 17.1  cm (10.70    2.31  cm); the distance from the perforator to the midline of the back of the @entity291 ranged from 0.1 to 3.5  cm (1.83    0.81  cm); and the pedicle length ranged from 6.8 to 12.5  cm (10.14    1.51  cm). Compared with the @entity4542 , and ALTF, the thickness, @entity86 , and function of the MSAPF were similar to those of the @entity4542 but better than those of the ALTF. In appearance and function of the donor site, the MSAPF was similar to the ALTF, but better than the @entity4542 . CONCLUSION: The MSAPF is a good alternative for postsurgical @entity1697 because of its anatomic structural stability, suitable thickness, minimal donor-site scar, and ideal functional recovery after surgery. Preoperative vascular ultrasonic localization is a feasible and advantageous method for preoperative mapping of the MSAP because of its high accuracy.

title: Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap Aided by Ultrasonic Perforator Localization for Reconstruction After XXXX Resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['reconstruction of oral carcinoma', 'oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative oral sensation']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial forearm flap', 'RFF']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['Oral Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For adults with Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-) @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in first complete remission ( @entity3432 ), allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is an established curative strategy. However, pediatric-inspired chemotherapy may also offer durable @entity1778 free survival in the absence of @entity8 . We compared 422 @entity8 recipients aged 18-50 years with Ph- @entity981 in @entity3432 reported to the CIBMTR with an age-matched concurrent cohort of 108 @entity981 @entity3432 @entity1 who received a Dana-Farber Consortium pediatric-inspired non- @entity8 regimen. At four years follow-up, incidence of relapse after @entity8 was 24% [95% C.I. 19-28] vs. 23% [95% C.I. 15-32] for the non- @entity8 ("chemo") cohort (p=0.97). Treatment-related mortality (TRM) was higher in the @entity8 cohort ( @entity8 37% [95% C.I. 31-42] vs. chemo 6% [95% C.I. 3 - 12], p<0.0001). DFS in the @entity8 cohort was 40% [95% C.I. 35-45] vs. 71% [95% C.I. 60-79] for chemo, p<0.0001. Similarly, @entity3012 favored chemo ( @entity8 45% [95% C.I. 40-50]) vs. chemo 73% [95% C.I. 63-81], p<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, the sole factor predictive of shorter @entity3012 was the administration of @entity8 (HR 3.12 [1.99 - 4.90], p<0.0001). For younger adults with @entity981 , pediatric-inspired chemotherapy had lower TRM, no increase in relapse, and superior overall survival compared to @entity8 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pediatric-inspired Therapy compared to Allografting for Philadelphia Chromosome Negative XXXX in First Complete Remission.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Ph- ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Adult ALL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2347 is a @entity5 that represents <1% of all @entity5 . The submucosal location of laryngeal adenoid @entity189 (LACC) results in delayed presentation. Here, we present the first systematic review of reported cases of LACC to determine trends in presentation, diagnostic and treatment modalities, and @entity1 outcome. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. METHODS: A search of the above databases was done to identify articles reporting cases of LACC. The variables included in the analysis were @entity1 demographics, presenting symptoms, @entity5 location, imaging, treatment, follow-up time, recurrence, and outcome. RESULTS: A total of 50 articles and 120 cases were included in the review. The most common presenting symptom was @entity1353 (48.8%), followed by hoarseness (43.9%). LACC arose most frequently from the subglottis (56.7%). At presentation, 14.6% (13 of 89) of @entity1 had regional disease. The average follow-up time was 54.0 months. At follow-up, distant @entity3 was reported in 30 cases (33.3%). Surgery alone (43.3%) and surgery with radiotherapy (43.3%) were used most frequently and resulted in 57.1% and 55.3% of @entity1 alive with no evidence disease at follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: LACC was most often located in the subglottis. @entity1 commonly presented with @entity1353 and hoarseness. In this systematic review, surgery with radiotherapy and surgery alone were the most commonly employed treatment modalities, and both resulted in slightly more than 50% of @entity1 alive with no evidence of disease at follow-up.

title: XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal tumors', 'malignant minor salivary gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['Laryngeal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The optimal timing of cord clamping (CC) in nonbreathing neonates needing stabilisation/resuscitation remains unclear. The objective was to describe the relationship between time to CC, initiation of @entity1353 or positive pressure ventilation ( @entity2286 ) after stimulation/suction and 24-hour neonatal mortality/morbidity. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: A rural Tanzanian referral hospital. POPULATION: Depressed nonbreathing newborns. METHODS: Trained research assistants have observed every delivery (November 2009 through January 2014) using stop-watches and recorded data including fetal heart rate; time intervals from birth to CC and start of @entity1353 or @entity2286 and perinatal characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty-four-hour neonatal outcome (dead, admitted, normal). RESULTS: There were 19 863 liveborn @entity1 ; 16 770 (84.4%) initiated spontaneous respirations, 3093 (15.6%) received stimulation/suctioning to initiate @entity1353 . However, 1269 (41.0%) neonates failed to breath and received @entity2286 at 98    66 seconds and CC at 39    35 seconds after birth. Adverse outcomes in neonates receiving @entity2286 included 126 (9.9%) deaths and 100 (7.8%) neonatal admissions. In 1146/1269 (90%) neonates, CC occurred before @entity2286 and was associated with 209 (18%) deaths/admissions. In 98 (8%) neonates, CC followed initiation of @entity2286 with 14 (14%) deaths/admissions (P = 0.328). By logistic modelling, initiation of @entity2286 before versus after CC was not associated with @entity204 /admission when adjusted for time to @entity2286 . The risk for @entity204 /admission increased by 12% for every 30-second delay in @entity2286 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This observational study failed to demonstrate any relationship between time to CC and onset of @entity1353 or initiation of @entity2286 following stimulation/suction, and 24-hour outcome. Delay in initiation of @entity2286 was significantly associated with @entity204 /admission. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: No relationship between time to cord clamp, @entity1353 or ventilation and 24-hour deaths in depressed neonates.

title: Timing of cord clamping in relation to start of XXXX or ventilation among depressed neonates-an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: Fifteen balloon pulmonary valvuloplasties (BPVs) were performed on 13 @entity1 and @entity1 with isolated @entity849 ( @entity849 ). There were no complications. Two @entity1 required repeat @entity15882 , one for failure, the other for @entity256 . At the time of the 13 latest BPVs, age ranged from three days to 13.1 years (mean 5.7 +/- SD 4.8 years). Average Doppler pulmonary valve pressure gradient preceding BVP was 75 +/- 22 mm Hg. At follow-up it was 25 +/- 9 mm Hg (p < .0001). Follow-up interval was 0.61 to 4.70 years (2.29 +/- 1.18). @entity256 occurred in 1/13 (8%) of the @entity1 . The remaining 12/13 (92%) showed highly satisfactory sustained gradient reductions. Doppler gradients preceding @entity15882 by as much as 4 months correlated highly with catheter gradients at time of @entity15882 , confirming that Doppler echocardiography is a highly accurate indication of @entity849 severity. Catheterization for @entity849 should therefore not be used for diagnostic purposes alone. @entity15882 can be performed safely, economically and effectively and is recommended as the treatment of choice for @entity1 and @entity1 with moderate to severe isolated @entity849 . For very young @entity1 , follow-up Doppler surveillance should be done semi-annually; for all others, annually.

title: Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty for isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valvular stenosis', 'PVS']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary valvular stenosis']


abstract: Recent concern about the safety of combined @entity7280 ( @entity6862 ) with third-generation progestagens prompted an examination of data from a population-based case-control study (Leiden @entity49 Study). We compared the risk of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) during use of the newest @entity6862 , containing a third-generation progestagen, with the risk of "older" products. We also investigated the influence of family history of @entity715 , previous pregnancy, age, and the thrombogenic @entity5337 mutation. We selected 126 @entity1 with @entity1150 and 159 controls aged 15-49 (mean age 34.9) and premenopausal and found, as compared with non-users, the highest age-adjusted relative risks to be that for an OC containing @entity7281 and 30 micrograms @entity2082 (relative risk [RR] 8.7, 95% CI 3.9-19.3). We found lower relative risks for all other types of OC, ranging from 2.2 to 3.8. In a direct comparison, users of the @entity7281 -containing oral contraceptive had a 2.5-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.2-5.2) than users of all other OC types combined. The relative risk for the @entity7281 -containing OC was similar among @entity1 with and without a family history--ie, preferential prescription because of family history cannot explain our findings. Nor could the excess risk be explained by previous pregnancy, and it was highest in the youngest age categories, where we would expect most new users. The age-adjusted RR for the @entity7281 -containing contraceptive was 9.2 (3.9-21.4) among non-carriers of the @entity5337 mutation and 6.0 (1.9-19.0) among carriers of the mutation. This latter risk is superimposed on the 8-fold increased risk of @entity49 for carriers of the @entity5337 mutation. The risk of carriers using the @entity7281 -containing OC as compared with noncarrier non-users will therefore be increased almost 50-fold. Use of low-dose @entity6862 with a third-generation progestagen carries a higher risk of @entity1150 than the previous generation of @entity6862 . The absolute risk of @entity1150 associated with these @entity6862 seems to be especially high among carriers of the @entity5337 mutation and among @entity1 with a family history of @entity715 . However, the higher risk associated with OC with a third-generation progestagen compared with previous generations was also present in @entity1 without @entity5337 and with no family history.

title: Enhancement by XXXX mutation of risk of @entity1150 associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen.

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyloestradiol']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: Recent concern about the safety of combined @entity7280 ( @entity6862 ) with third-generation progestagens prompted an examination of data from a population-based case-control study (Leiden @entity49 Study). We compared the risk of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) during use of the newest @entity6862 , containing a third-generation progestagen, with the risk of "older" products. We also investigated the influence of family history of @entity715 , previous pregnancy, age, and the thrombogenic @entity5337 mutation. We selected 126 @entity1 with @entity1150 and 159 controls aged 15-49 (mean age 34.9) and premenopausal and found, as compared with non-users, the highest age-adjusted relative risks to be that for an OC containing @entity7281 and 30 micrograms @entity2082 (relative risk [RR] 8.7, 95% CI 3.9-19.3). We found lower relative risks for all other types of OC, ranging from 2.2 to 3.8. In a direct comparison, users of the @entity7281 -containing oral contraceptive had a 2.5-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.2-5.2) than users of all other OC types combined. The relative risk for the @entity7281 -containing OC was similar among @entity1 with and without a family history--ie, preferential prescription because of family history cannot explain our findings. Nor could the excess risk be explained by previous pregnancy, and it was highest in the youngest age categories, where we would expect most new users. The age-adjusted RR for the @entity7281 -containing contraceptive was 9.2 (3.9-21.4) among non-carriers of the @entity5337 mutation and 6.0 (1.9-19.0) among carriers of the mutation. This latter risk is superimposed on the 8-fold increased risk of @entity49 for carriers of the @entity5337 mutation. The risk of carriers using the @entity7281 -containing OC as compared with noncarrier non-users will therefore be increased almost 50-fold. Use of low-dose @entity6862 with a third-generation progestagen carries a higher risk of @entity1150 than the previous generation of @entity6862 . The absolute risk of @entity1150 associated with these @entity6862 seems to be especially high among carriers of the @entity5337 mutation and among @entity1 with a family history of @entity715 . However, the higher risk associated with OC with a third-generation progestagen compared with previous generations was also present in @entity1 without @entity5337 and with no family history.

title: Enhancement by @entity5337 mutation of risk of XXXX associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen.

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In Pierre Robin sequence, a retracted tongue due to @entity4239 is thought to physically obstruct palatal shelf elevation and thereby cause @entity2419 . However, @entity4239 is not always associated with palatal clefting. Here, by using the @entity17736 -null @entity19 model presenting with @entity2419 and severe @entity4239 , we provide the first causative mechanism linking the two. In wild-type embryos, the genioglossus muscle, which mediates tongue protrusion, originates from the rostral process of Meckel's cartilage and later from the mandibular symphysis, with 2 tendons positive for Scleraxis messenger RNA. In E13.5 @entity17736 -null embryos, a rostral process failed to form, and a mandibular symphysis was absent at E17.5. Consequently, the genioglossus muscle fibers were diverted toward the lingual surface of Meckel's cartilage and mandibles, where they attached in an aponeurosis that ectopically expressed Scleraxis. The deflection of genioglossus fibers from the anterior-posterior toward the medial-lateral axis alters their direction of contraction and necessarily compromises tongue protrusion. Since this @entity121 precedes palatal shelf elevation, it is likely to contribute to clefting. In contrast, embryos with a cranial mesenchyme-specific deletion of @entity17736 ( @entity17736 : @entity5104 -Cre) exhibited some degree of @entity4239 but no @entity2419 . In these embryos, a rostral process was present, indicating that mesenchyme-derived @entity17736 is dispensable for its formation. Moreover, the genioglossus appeared normal in @entity17736 : @entity5104 -Cre embryos, further supporting a role of aberrant tongue muscle attachment in palatal clefting. We thus propose that in Pierre Robin sequence, palatal shelf elevation is not impaired simply by physical obstruction by the tongue but by a specific @entity245 that leads to functional changes in tongue movements.

title: Dislocated Tongue Muscle Attachment and XXXX Formation.

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defect']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle abnormality']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft Palate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein @entity291 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by @entity4542 was 17.22 g/L (SD   9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD   8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD   8.66), respectively. @entity4542 IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy @entity291 .

title: Quantification of XXXX immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial immunodiffusion', 'RID']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using a flattening filter-free (FFF) beam with an endorectal balloon for stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) of clinically localized @entity263 . We assessed plans of SABR with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) that used a flattening filter (FF) beam and an FFF beam and compared the verification results of dosimetric quality assurance for all pretreatment plans. A total of 20 @entity1 with @entity263 were enrolled in the study. SABR plans using VMAT with two full arcs were optimized in the Eclipse treatment planning system. All plans prescribed 42.7 Gy in 7 fractions of 6.1 Gy each. Four SABR plans were computed for each @entity1 : two with FF beams and two with FFF beams of 6 and 10 MV. For all plans, the cumulative dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for the target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) were recorded and compared. Pretreatment quality assurance (QA) was performed using the I'mRT MatriXX system and radiochromic EBT3 film to verify treatment delivery, and gamma analysis was used to quantify the agreement between calculations and measurements. In addition, total monitor units (MUs) and delivery time were investigated as technical parameters of delivery. All four plans achieved adequate dose conformity to the target volumes and had comparable dosimetric data. The DVHs of all four plans for each @entity1 were very similar. All plans were highly conformal with CI < 1.05 and CN > 0.90, and the doses were homogeneous (HI = 0.08-0.15). Sparing for the bladder and rectum was slightly better with the 10 MV FF and FFF plans than with the 6 MV FF and FFF plans, but the difference was negligible. However, there was no significant difference in sparing for the other OARs. The mean agreement with the 3%/3 mm criterion was higher than 97% for verifying all plans. For the 2%/2 mm criterion, the corresponding agreement values were more than 90%, which showed that the plans were acceptable. The mean MUs and delivery time used were 1701    101 and 3.02   0.17 min for 6 MV FF, 1870    116 and 2.01    0.01 min for 6 MV FFF, 1471   86 and 2.68    0.14 min for 10 MV FF, and 1619    101 and 2.00    0.00 min for 10MV FFF, respectively. In the current study, the dose distributions of the prostate SABR plans using 6 and 10 MV FFF beams were similar to those using 6 and 10 MV FF beams. However, this study confirmed that SABR treatment using an FFF beam had an advantage with respect to delivery time. In addition, all pretreatment plans were verified as acceptable and their results were comparable. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the use of an FFF beam for prostate SABR is a feasible and efficient technique, if carefully applied.

title: Comparison of VMAT-SABR treatment plans with flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) beam for localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Conflict persists regarding whether the presence of early collateral blood flow to the @entity1188 has an effective role in reducing @entity1188 size and improving myocardial salvage in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We sought to investigate the impact of the collateral circulation on myocardial salvage and @entity1188 size in @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS: In 306 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity583 and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance within 1 week after revascularization, initial collateral flow to the @entity1188 was assessed by coronary angiography. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, @entity583 size and salvage were measured. RESULTS: Among 247 @entity1 with preprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 0/1, 54 (22%) @entity1 had good collaterals (Rentrop grade >= 2, Collateral Connection Score >= 2). @entity1188 size and area at risk were significantly smaller in @entity1 with good collaterals than those with poor collaterals ( @entity1188 size: 17.1  10.1 %LV vs 21.8  10.5 %LV, P = .003, area at risk: 33.8  16.8 %LV vs 38.8  15.5 %LV, P = .039). There was a significant difference of myocardial salvage index between 2 groups (50.9%    15.0% vs 43.8%    18.5%, P = .005). Poor collateralization was an independent predictor for large @entity1188 size (odd ratio 2.48 [1.28-4.80], P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity583 , the presence of well-developed collaterals to occluded coronary artery from the noninfarct vessel and its extent were independently associated with reduced @entity1188 burden and improved myocardial salvage. Our results help explain why MI @entity1 with well-developed collateralization have reduced mortality and morbidity.

title: A protective role of early collateral blood flow in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: Conflict persists regarding whether the presence of early collateral blood flow to the @entity1188 has an effective role in reducing @entity1188 size and improving myocardial salvage in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We sought to investigate the impact of the collateral circulation on myocardial salvage and @entity1188 size in @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS: In 306 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity583 and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance within 1 week after revascularization, initial collateral flow to the @entity1188 was assessed by coronary angiography. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, @entity583 size and salvage were measured. RESULTS: Among 247 @entity1 with preprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 0/1, 54 (22%) @entity1 had good collaterals (Rentrop grade >= 2, Collateral Connection Score >= 2). @entity1188 size and area at risk were significantly smaller in @entity1 with good collaterals than those with poor collaterals ( @entity1188 size: 17.1  10.1 %LV vs 21.8  10.5 %LV, P = .003, area at risk: 33.8  16.8 %LV vs 38.8  15.5 %LV, P = .039). There was a significant difference of myocardial salvage index between 2 groups (50.9%    15.0% vs 43.8%    18.5%, P = .005). Poor collateralization was an independent predictor for large @entity1188 size (odd ratio 2.48 [1.28-4.80], P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity583 , the presence of well-developed collaterals to occluded coronary artery from the noninfarct vessel and its extent were independently associated with reduced @entity1188 burden and improved myocardial salvage. Our results help explain why MI @entity1 with well-developed collateralization have reduced mortality and morbidity.

title: A protective role of early collateral blood flow in XXXX with @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Viable and killed BCG were compared for the ability to induce @entity842 (NO) production in normal spleen cells and peritoneal exudate macrophages. Stimulation of spleen cells with viable BCG resulted in a strong expression of inducible NO synthase followed by an enhanced production of @entity3542 . However, those responses were not induced after stimulation with killed BCG or when macrophages were stimulated with killed and viable BCG. The same level of TNF-alpha mRNA expression was observed in reverse transcription-PCR after stimulation of spleen cells with viable and killed BCG. However, @entity3692 production was induced only when spleen cells were stimulated with viable BCG. Concurrent stimulation of @entity3692 with either viable or killed BCG resulted in a strong @entity3542 production by macrophages. Neutralization of @entity3692 and TNF-alpha caused a complete inhibition of @entity3542 production. Furthermore, anti-asialo GM1 Ab plus complement treatment abolished @entity3692 production after stimulation with viable BCG, indicating that the NK cell was the major source of @entity3692 , and its production was triggered only by stimulation with viable BCG. The present study showed that the ability of viable BCG to induce NO production is superior to that of killed BCG, and both @entity3692 and TNF-alpha are essential for BCG-induced NO production by spleen cells. NK cells appeared to be important as a source of @entity3692 , and the insufficient NO induction by killed BCG was due to the inability to induce @entity3692 from NK cells.

title: Involvement of natural killer cells in XXXX production by spleen cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Study of the mechanism of the different abilities of viable and killed BCG.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that both @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) and @entity1426 (AA) are required for IgG-mediated phagocytosis by @entity1 monocytes. We have characterized a @entity460 -independent "phagocytic" @entity3900 (designated pPL) that mediates @entity1426 release. The present studies were designed to order @entity7131 and pPL in the phagocytic signaling pathway. The @entity7131 inhibitors @entity866 and @entity11616 caused a coordinated decrease in phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes and @entity1426 release. The @entity7098 activators mastoparan and @entity3348 restored phagocytosis to @entity7131 -inhibited cells, but were ineffective in monocytes pretreated with the pPL inhibitor @entity35844 . Similarly, @entity7131 activation with @entity4515 and @entity2366 enhanced phagocytosis in the absence, but not in the presence, of @entity35844 . These results indicate that pPL may be regulated by an upstream phosphorylation event. Thus, we examined the effects of Ab-opsonized glass bead ingestion, @entity18398 -mediated inhibition of phosphatases, and @entity4515 treatment on the activity of pPL and on its distribution between the cytosolic and membrane-associated compartments. IgG-opsonized erythrocytes and okadaic acid caused an overall increase in pPL activity, with a twofold increase in membrane-associated pPL. @entity4515 treatment caused a 1.8-fold increase in membrane-associated pPL activity. @entity18398 and @entity4515 mimic IgG-opsonized erythrocytes with respect to membrane activation of pPL, suggesting that pPL activity may be regulated by @entity7131 . Collectively, these results indicate that pPL activity is modulated by @entity7131 during IgG-mediated phagocytosis, and that the @entity7131 requirement can be bypassed by direct activation of pPL.

title: Protein kinase C activation precedes XXXX release during IgG-mediated phagocytosis.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity3348 :: ('MESH:D008555', 'Chemical') :: ['melittin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid', 'Okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

entities_list: @entity35844 :: ('MESH:C068314', 'Chemical') :: ['bromoenol lactone']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: The acutely @entity101 @entity1 may present with a broad spectrum of dysfunction. Given the wide variety of signs and symptoms, clinical settings, pathophysiological mechanisms, and type of end organ dysfunction, there is no ideal antihypertensive agent. In selecting an agent for treating such @entity1 , the physician must consider efficacy in a variety of settings, rapidity of onset of action, duration of action, and ease of administration. In addition, one should keep in mind the risk of producing @entity551 , the contraindication profile, the side-effect profile, and the cost and long-term usefulness of the agent. In this review, the @entity460 channel blockers @entity1855 and @entity594 are compared with drugs such as @entity1854 , @entity6335 , @entity2514 , @entity6555 , and @entity1338 . @entity1855 , by intravenous administration, has a rapid onset of action, a reasonable duration of effect, a good side-effect profile, and appears to be useful on a long-term basis. @entity594 , by oral or buccal administration, is useful in a variety of settings and had a rapid onset of action and reasonable duration of effect. In addition, @entity594 rarely causes @entity551 , has minimal contraindications, an excellent side-effect profile, reasonable cost, and long-term utility. There is now extensive worldwide experience with @entity1855 and @entity594 in acute @entity101 . They compare favorably with currently used agents.

title: @entity460 -channel blockers in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The acutely @entity101 @entity1 may present with a broad spectrum of dysfunction. Given the wide variety of signs and symptoms, clinical settings, pathophysiological mechanisms, and type of end organ dysfunction, there is no ideal antihypertensive agent. In selecting an agent for treating such @entity1 , the physician must consider efficacy in a variety of settings, rapidity of onset of action, duration of action, and ease of administration. In addition, one should keep in mind the risk of producing @entity551 , the contraindication profile, the side-effect profile, and the cost and long-term usefulness of the agent. In this review, the @entity460 channel blockers @entity1855 and @entity594 are compared with drugs such as @entity1854 , @entity6335 , @entity2514 , @entity6555 , and @entity1338 . @entity1855 , by intravenous administration, has a rapid onset of action, a reasonable duration of effect, a good side-effect profile, and appears to be useful on a long-term basis. @entity594 , by oral or buccal administration, is useful in a variety of settings and had a rapid onset of action and reasonable duration of effect. In addition, @entity594 rarely causes @entity551 , has minimal contraindications, an excellent side-effect profile, reasonable cost, and long-term utility. There is now extensive worldwide experience with @entity1855 and @entity594 in acute @entity101 . They compare favorably with currently used agents.

title: XXXX -channel blockers in acute @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The disability adjusted life year (DALY) is a composite measure of disease burden that includes both morbidity and mortality, and is relevant to conditions such as @entity302 that can limit productive functioning. The 2010 Global @entity66 (GBD) study introduced a number of new methods and definitions, including a prevalence-based approach and revised disability weights to calculate morbidity and new standard life expectancies to calculate premature mortality. We used these approaches, and local, population-based data, to estimate the burden of @entity410 in @entity3004 . METHODS _ FINDINGS: Comprehensive prevalence, incidence and mortality data on @entity410 were collected within the Agincourt sub-district in rural northeastern South Africa between 2008 and 2012. We estimated DALYs using both prevalence- and incidence-based approaches for calculating years of life lived with disability. Additionally, we explored how changing the disease model by varying the disability weights influenced DALY estimates. Using the prevalence-based approach, @entity410 in Agincourt resulted in 332 DALYs (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 216-455) and 4.1 DALYs per 1,000 individuals (95%UI: 2.7-5.7) annually. Of this, 26% was due to morbidity while 74% was due to premature mortality. DALYs increased by 10% when using the incidence-based method. Varying the disability weight from 0.072 (treated @entity302 , @entity410 free) to 0.657 (severe @entity302 ) caused years lived with disability to increase from 18 (95%UI: 16-19) to 161 (95%UI: 143-170). CONCLUSIONS: DALY estimates are influenced by both the methods applied and population parameters used in the calculation. Irrespective of method, a significant burden of @entity302 is due to premature mortality in @entity3004 , with a lower burden than rural Kenya. Researchers and national policymakers should carefully interrogate the methods and data used to calculate DALYs as this will influence policy priorities and resource allocation.

title: Differing Methods and Definitions Influence DALY estimates: Using Population-Based Data to Calculate the Burden of XXXX in Rural South Africa.

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['rural South Africa']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsive epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Burden of Disease']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Convulsive Epilepsy']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with @entity583 which occurred during sport were investigated to identify the type of sport, prodromata, situations at the onset of disease, habit of exercise, preceding medical evaluation, coronary risk factors, and coronary angiographic findings. @entity1188 occurred during golf in 12 @entity1 , bowling in 4, gateball in 4, jogging or running in 5, baseball in 2, and tennis or table tennis in 3. The majority of the @entity1 were playing ball games. Twenty-seven @entity1 were @entity1 (90%) and 3 were @entity1 (10%). All @entity1 had played the same kind of sport for several years. Twenty-four @entity1 had one or more coronary risk factors, and especially 18 @entity1 smoked cigarettes. Nine @entity1 had experienced anterior @entity662 but only two @entity1 had received medical evaluation. Coronary angiography was performed in 25 @entity1 (83.3%), revealing @entity66 in 6, three-vessel disease in 4, and disease of all left main coronary trunks in 1. The acute episode of @entity1188 occurred mainly in spring or fall. Many @entity1 with @entity583 occurring during sport participate in sports of low or moderate dynamic and low static exercises which are generally regarded safe. Many @entity1 had enjoyed their sports regularly for a long time. Though many @entity1 had coronary risk factors, only a few had received a medical check before their @entity299 .

title: [Acute XXXX during sport].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease in 14, two-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Young @entity1 can learn safety behavior in the public school system. These @entity1 will modify family seat belt use. SETTING DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort analytic study conducted in a 50,000 square mile regionalized trauma center referral area. METHODS: A school-based injury prevention program targeting kindergarten through second-grade ( @entity14958 ) students addressed four aspects of traffic safety: seat belt use, pedestrian and bicycle safety, school bus safety, and unsafe rides. After inservice instruction, teachers taught the program over a 10-week period. A simultaneous community traffic safety program was conducted through the media. Family seat belt use was monitored by blinded observation at six study schools and one control school. Income level of schools was characterized as low or high, based on student use of federal lunch subsidies. School program implementation was defined as good or poor, based on adherence to teaching protocol. RESULTS: A total of 68,650 @entity14958 students have completed this traffic safety program during 1990 to 1994. During the study year (1992 to 1993), 25,900 students completed the program taught by 1,400 teachers in 95 schools. A total of 5,936 observations of seat belt use were made in seven schools. Income stratification delineated a subset of these schools in which seat belt use increased by 86% (p = 0.01). Half of the schools failed to follow protocol, and no change in seat belt use was observed. CONCLUSIONS: (1) School @entity14958 safety education improves family seat belt use, (2) low income schools should be targeted, and (3) strict adherence to the teaching protocol is essential.

title: XXXX 's traffic safety program: influence of early elementary school safety education on family seat belt use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']