abstract: INTRODUCTION: Curative resection of @entity5 of the skull base is increasingly undertaken endoscopically. Hitherto the diverse histology, rarity and long natural history have made it difficult to accrue statistically robust cohorts for comparison with conventional craniofacial resection. It is now possible to make such a comparison in a large personal cohort. METHOD: Data on all cases of sinonasal malignancy undergoing endoscopic resection with curative intent over an eighteen year period were collected prospectively and analysed for survival and prognostic factors. RESULTS: There were 140 cases, 68 @entity1 and 72 @entity1 , aged 20-92 years (mean 63 yrs). Follow-up ranged from 6-184 months (mean 60 months). Eighteen different histopathologies were represented with @entity4236 (36), @entity320 (33) and @entity420 (19) being the commonest. Additional radiotherapy was given in 95 cases and chemotherapy in 49. Overall survival is 84% at 5 years and 69% at 10 years. Overall disease-free survival was 77% at 5 years and 56% at ten. Overall and disease-free survival at 5 (and 10) years is, respectively, 97% and 90% for @entity4236 , 79% and 68% for @entity420 and 56% and 39% for @entity320 . CONCLUSION: These results show that endoscopic resection is an alternative to conventional craniofacial resection in selected cases.

title: Endoscopic surgery for XXXX : an eighteen year experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant sinonasal tumours']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The reliability and diagnostic value of Lhermitte's sign in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) has not been fully established. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical, neurophysiological and neuroradiological correlations of Lhermitte's sign in a cohort of @entity15 @entity1 and reassess the relevance of this phenomenon in the clinical history of the disease. A prospective study of 694 @entity1 with @entity15 and 110 age-matched healthy adults was evaluated by a structured questionnaire that included basic demographic data, age of onset, clinical characteristics of the disease, and the inquiry of Lhermitte's sign. Cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) and median and tibial somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were performed at the same time. One hundred and twelve (16  %) @entity1 were reported to have Lhermitte's sign; 582 (84  %) @entity1 did not experience Lhermitte's sign during their disease duration (P  <  0.026). No correlation was found between Lhermitte's sign and age, gender, EDSS, and disease duration; 88  % of @entity1 with Lhermitte's sign had a demyelinating lesion on the cervical MRI. In negative Lhermitte's sign group, 64  % @entity1 had a positive MRI. SSEP conductions were delayed in 92  % of @entity1 with positive Lhermitte's sign and in 70  % of @entity1 with negative Lhermitte's sign. Regarding the data, a significant correlation was found between MRI lesion and Lhermitte's sign (P  <  0.001), and between SSEP abnormality and Lhermitte's sign as well (P  <  0.001). This study underlines the relevance of this phenomenon with neuroradiological and neurophysiological abnormalities.

title: Reassessment of Lhermitte's sign in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Besides an obvious clinical involvement of the ear, nose and throat (ENT)-region in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with @entity2883 (EGPA), systematic data is sparse. Only a few case series and case reports are available that particularly describe rhinological, otological or other manifestations of EGPA in the ENT-region. Therefore, the objective of this study is to systematically describe data on ENT-region involvement in a large series of EGPA @entity1 . METHOD: EGPA @entity1 examined in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel between 1990 and 2010 were included in the study. Criteria for ENT-manifestation were assigned to five subgroups (history, ENT examination, audiological and rhinological diagnostic findings and cranial MRI) and documented cumulatively. EGPA @entity1 were examined in a standardized way based on the validated Ear Nose and Throat Activity Score (ENTAS) or its precursor, including audiological and rhinological diagnostic findings. MRI scans were analysed to further evaluate ENT involvement. RESULTS: A total of 95 EGPA @entity1 were included in the study. In approximately 80% of them, ENT-involvement was documented and the assumption of a frequent rhinological manifestation in @entity1 with EGPA was confirmed. Moreover, the data reveals remarkable evidence for an otological manifestation. A missing correlation between the rhinological and the otological manifestation indicates an independent autoimmune-inflammatory process for this manifestation. CONCLUSION: The data of the largest monocentric study presented here confirms the hypothesis of a frequent ENT involvement in EGPA @entity1 , in whom rhinological and otological manifestations are most common. Therefore, treatment should include long term follow-up and should be managed interdisciplinary.

title: Manifestation of eosinophilic XXXX with @entity2883 in head and neck.

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Polyangiitis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Besides an obvious clinical involvement of the ear, nose and throat (ENT)-region in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with @entity2883 (EGPA), systematic data is sparse. Only a few case series and case reports are available that particularly describe rhinological, otological or other manifestations of EGPA in the ENT-region. Therefore, the objective of this study is to systematically describe data on ENT-region involvement in a large series of EGPA @entity1 . METHOD: EGPA @entity1 examined in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel between 1990 and 2010 were included in the study. Criteria for ENT-manifestation were assigned to five subgroups (history, ENT examination, audiological and rhinological diagnostic findings and cranial MRI) and documented cumulatively. EGPA @entity1 were examined in a standardized way based on the validated Ear Nose and Throat Activity Score (ENTAS) or its precursor, including audiological and rhinological diagnostic findings. MRI scans were analysed to further evaluate ENT involvement. RESULTS: A total of 95 EGPA @entity1 were included in the study. In approximately 80% of them, ENT-involvement was documented and the assumption of a frequent rhinological manifestation in @entity1 with EGPA was confirmed. Moreover, the data reveals remarkable evidence for an otological manifestation. A missing correlation between the rhinological and the otological manifestation indicates an independent autoimmune-inflammatory process for this manifestation. CONCLUSION: The data of the largest monocentric study presented here confirms the hypothesis of a frequent ENT involvement in EGPA @entity1 , in whom rhinological and otological manifestations are most common. Therefore, treatment should include long term follow-up and should be managed interdisciplinary.

title: Manifestation of eosinophilic @entity2883 with XXXX in head and neck.

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: Therapy for @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is associated with excellent long-term survival rates, of 80% of more. Extended follow up has described late treatment-related @entity137 , principally secondary @entity5 , @entity65 and @entity249 . Given the young age of many @entity1 , there is a desire to offer a more personalised approach, correlated to individual tumour biology that enables treatment de-escalation in low risk @entity1 to reduce @entity137 , and treatment intensification in high risk @entity1 to reduce treatment failure. Contemporary therapeutic strategies have involved risk assessment based on staging and clinical factors. The use of functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) as a predictive tool to identify early non-responders has been well validated and outperforms the risk stratifying International Prognostic Score (IPS). @entity978 has particularly high FDG-avidity (97-100%), with FDG-PET scanning reflecting metabolic activity and acting as a surrogate biomarker for chemosensitivity. International consensus on the methods of reporting and interpreting FDG-PET scans has enabled their use to be standardised and reproducible. Given that primary therapy fails for 15-20% of @entity1 , the use of combined FDG-PET and computerised tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to provide a response-adapted strategy to guide management is under investigation in numerous prospective clinical trials. They aim to determine whether early response scanning can be used to directly modulate subsequent therapy, through intensifying or abbreviating chemotherapy regimens and/or omitting radiotherapy. Integrated multi-modality imaging and advanced conformal planning techniques have led to the emergence of radiotherapy strategies such as involved-node radiation (INRT) that aim to optimise treatment volumes and maintain efficacy whilst lowering @entity137 . Study groups have incorporated these modalities in trial designs to assess whether a PET-directed, individualised approach can become the new standard of care.

title: Risk- and response-adapted strategies for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the impact of positive vascular margins in @entity1 with @entity1803 @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: After excluding @entity1 with nonvascular positive margins, @entity3 , lymph node involvement, neoadjuvant therapy or nonclear cell histology, we identified 224 @entity1 with @entity5 invasion through our institutional database from 1999 to 2013. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank tests were used to evaluate whether positive vascular margins were associated with progression-free survival or @entity5 specific survival. RESULTS: There were 41 @entity1 (18%) with a positive vascular margin. Margin status was directly related to the level of invasion (p <0.0001). Compared to the negative vascular margin group the positive group had a significantly worse progression-free survival (p=0.01) but not @entity5 specific survival (p=0.3). Similarly the level of vascular thrombus invasion was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (p=0.02) but not @entity5 specific survival (p=0.4). The 3-year progression-free survival was worst with inferior vena cava invasion and @entity3 (54%, 95% CI 34-70 vs 76%, 95% CI 64-85). Among @entity1 with only main renal vein thrombus, vascular margin status was not associated with progression-free survival (p=0.5) or @entity5 specific survival (p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with pT3N0/XM0 @entity1358 positive vascular margins are associated with risk of disease progression. However, the risk of relapse associated with positive vascular margins is driven by the extent of vascular thrombus invasion. These findings suggest that the clinical significance of vascular margin status as currently defined in @entity1803 @entity1358 is minimal.

title: The Prognostic Impact of a Positive Vascular Margin on @entity1803 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'venous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'best with segmental/muscular venous branch invasion']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the impact of positive vascular margins in @entity1 with @entity1803 @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: After excluding @entity1 with nonvascular positive margins, @entity3 , lymph node involvement, neoadjuvant therapy or nonclear cell histology, we identified 224 @entity1 with @entity5 invasion through our institutional database from 1999 to 2013. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank tests were used to evaluate whether positive vascular margins were associated with progression-free survival or @entity5 specific survival. RESULTS: There were 41 @entity1 (18%) with a positive vascular margin. Margin status was directly related to the level of invasion (p <0.0001). Compared to the negative vascular margin group the positive group had a significantly worse progression-free survival (p=0.01) but not @entity5 specific survival (p=0.3). Similarly the level of vascular thrombus invasion was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (p=0.02) but not @entity5 specific survival (p=0.4). The 3-year progression-free survival was worst with inferior vena cava invasion and @entity3 (54%, 95% CI 34-70 vs 76%, 95% CI 64-85). Among @entity1 with only main renal vein thrombus, vascular margin status was not associated with progression-free survival (p=0.5) or @entity5 specific survival (p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with pT3N0/XM0 @entity1358 positive vascular margins are associated with risk of disease progression. However, the risk of relapse associated with positive vascular margins is driven by the extent of vascular thrombus invasion. These findings suggest that the clinical significance of vascular margin status as currently defined in @entity1803 @entity1358 is minimal.

title: The Prognostic Impact of a Positive Vascular Margin on XXXX @entity1358 .

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a safety margin may affect local @entity5 recurrence (LTR) in subsegmental chemoembolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 101 @entity1 with 128 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) nodules (1-3 cm in size and  <= 3 in number), cone-beam CT-assisted subsegmental @entity4831 chemoembolization was performed. Immediately thereafter, a non-contrast thin-section CT image was obtained to evaluate the presence or absence of intra-tumoral @entity4831 uptake defect and safety margin. The effect of @entity4831 uptake defect and safety margin on LTR was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to indentify determinant factors of LTR. RESULTS: Of the 128 @entity157 nodules in 101 @entity1 , 49 (38.3%) nodules in 40 @entity1 showed LTR during follow-up period (median, 34.1 months). Cumulative 1- and 2-year LTR rates of nodules with @entity4831 uptake defect (n = 27) and those without defect (n = 101) were 58.1% vs. 10.1% and 72.1% vs. 19.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). Among the 101 nodules without a defect, the 1- and 2-year cumulative LTR rates for nodules with complete safety margin (n = 52) and those with incomplete safety margin (n = 49) were 9.8% vs. 12.8% and 18.9% vs. 19.0% (p = 0.912). In multivariate analyses, ascites (p = 0.035), indistinct @entity5 margin on cone-beam CT (p = 0.039), heterogeneous @entity4831 uptake (p = 0.023), and intra-tumoral @entity4831 uptake defect (p < 0.001) were determinant factors of higher LTR. CONCLUSION: In @entity4831 chemoembolization, the safety margin in completely lipiodolized nodule without defect will not affect LTR in small nodular HCCs.

title: Does Establishing a Safety Margin Reduce Local Recurrence in Subsegmental Transarterial Chemoembolization for Small Nodular XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The health locus of control is the subjective perception of control over one's health. It has been studied for years as one of several factors that determine @entity1 health-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate how the @entity302 aura is associated with the health locus of control, @entity148 , and @entity308 . METHODS: @entity1 were included retrospectively, based on @entity1 records from the @entity302 monitoring unit of the Rigshospitalet University Hospital. @entity1 were asked about the presence and nature of auras in a semistructured interview. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, Form C was used to evaluate the health locus of control. Three domains were evaluated: internal, where health is controlled by personal action; chance, where health is controlled by fate or luck; and powerful others, where health is controlled by the actions of others (e.g., doctors and parents). The Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale was used to evaluate levels of @entity148 and @entity308 . RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 , with mean age of 38years, participated in the study. Of these, 67% reported experiencing one or more auras; i.e., subjective warning signs prior to a generalized or focal @entity410 with an @entity1662 . @entity1 that could react to their aura prior to a @entity410 scored higher on the internal subscale of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control questionnaire compared to @entity1 that could not react to their aura. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to react to an aura prior to a @entity410 correlated positively with the internal subscale of the health locus of control. However, it did not significantly correlate with the external subscales of chance and powerful others in the health locus of control. Moreover, there was no significant relation between the ability to react to an aura prior to a @entity410 and the levels of @entity148 or @entity308 .

title: XXXX and perception of self-control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in consciousness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic aura']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to raise radiologists' awareness of skeletal muscle metastases (SMM) in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) cases and to clarify their imaging appearance. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 21 @entity1 between 44-75 years old with 72 SMM treated from January 1990 to May 2009 at the @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center in Houston, Texas, USA. Additionally, 37 @entity1 with 44 SMM from a literature review were analysed. RESULTS: Among the 21 @entity1 , the majority of SMM were asymptomatic and detected via computed tomography (CT). Mean @entity3 size was 18.3 mm and the most common site was the trunk muscles (83.3%). The interval between discovery of the primary @entity5 and @entity3 detection ranged up to 234 months. Peripheral enhancement (47.1%) was the most common post-contrast CT pattern and non-contrasted CT lesions were often isodense. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics were varied. Five lesions with available T1-weighted pre-contrast images were hyperintense to the surrounding muscle. Other organ metastases were present in 20 @entity1 . Of the 44 SMM reported in the literature, the majority were symptomatic. Average @entity3 size was 53.4 mm and only 20.5% of SMM were in trunk muscles. The average interval between @entity5 discovery and @entity3 detection was 101 months. Other organ metastases were recorded in 17 out of 29 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: SMM should always be considered in @entity1 with @entity1358 , even well after primary treatment. SMM from @entity1358 may be invisible on CT without intravenous contrast; contrast-enhanced studies are therefore recommended. SMM are often hyperintense to the surrounding muscle on T1-weighted MRI scans.

title: Skeletal Muscle Metastasis from XXXX : 21 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The authors have successfully demonstrated that the white opaque substance (WOS) identified in @entity356 is an accumulation of minute lipid droplets on the @entity2785 . It is not known whether the lipid droplets originate from externally ingested lipids (typically foods). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the oral ingestion of foods containing emulsified fats increases the density of the WOS in @entity2785 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined 92 gastric epithelial neoplastic lesions in 89 @entity1 . The @entity1 were given emulsified fatty foods before the procedure, and magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) was used to image the lesions. An increase in WOS density after the ingestion of emulsified fatty foods was defined as a positive fat-loading test result. The @entity1 were divided into the following groups: control group, no emulsified fat administered; group 1, fatty food administered 16 hours prior; group 3, fatty food administered both 16 and 4 hours prior. The proportion of positive fat-loading test results was determined in all groups. RESULTS: The rates of positive fat-loading test results were as follows: control group, 9%; group 1, 26%; group 2, 52%; group 3, 78%. The increase in the rates of positive fat-loading test results in groups 2 and 3 relative to the rate in the control group was statistically significant (chi-squared test). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated for the first time that the ingestion of external lipids causes lipid droplets to aggregate in situ on the @entity356 . These results can be used to develop a novel functional endoscopy technique that harnesses the lipid absorption capacity of @entity5 .

title: Lipid is absorbed in the stomach by XXXX (adenomas and @entity5 ): a novel functional endoscopy technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric epithelial neoplasm', 'gastric epithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasms', 'epithelial neoplasm']

answer: @entity2785 :: (MESH:D009375,Disease) :: ['epithelial neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The authors have successfully demonstrated that the white opaque substance (WOS) identified in @entity356 is an accumulation of minute lipid droplets on the @entity2785 . It is not known whether the lipid droplets originate from externally ingested lipids (typically foods). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the oral ingestion of foods containing emulsified fats increases the density of the WOS in @entity2785 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined 92 gastric epithelial neoplastic lesions in 89 @entity1 . The @entity1 were given emulsified fatty foods before the procedure, and magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) was used to image the lesions. An increase in WOS density after the ingestion of emulsified fatty foods was defined as a positive fat-loading test result. The @entity1 were divided into the following groups: control group, no emulsified fat administered; group 1, fatty food administered 16 hours prior; group 3, fatty food administered both 16 and 4 hours prior. The proportion of positive fat-loading test results was determined in all groups. RESULTS: The rates of positive fat-loading test results were as follows: control group, 9%; group 1, 26%; group 2, 52%; group 3, 78%. The increase in the rates of positive fat-loading test results in groups 2 and 3 relative to the rate in the control group was statistically significant (chi-squared test). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated for the first time that the ingestion of external lipids causes lipid droplets to aggregate in situ on the @entity356 . These results can be used to develop a novel functional endoscopy technique that harnesses the lipid absorption capacity of @entity5 .

title: Lipid is absorbed in the stomach by @entity2785 (adenomas and XXXX ): a novel functional endoscopy technique.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Early video capsule endoscopy (VCE) may provide a high diagnostic yield and improve clinical outcomes in @entity1 with overt obscure @entity360 (OGIB); however, there is no practical recommendation for the ideal timing of VCE application in overt OGIB. Therefore, this study investigated the diagnostic yield and efficacy of VCE to assess overt OGIB with respect to the timing of application. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled @entity1 who had undergone VCE for overt OGIB between April 2004 and February 2014at a tertiary referral academic center. We included hemodynamically stable @entity1 who underwent VCE for overt OGIB after negative bidirectional endoscopy. We analyzed the diagnostic yield of VCE, therapeutic intervention rate, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 94 @entity1 underwent VCE to assess overt OGIB. The diagnostic yields in the groups that underwent VCE <48h and >48h from the last overt OGIB were 66.7% and 40.6%, respectively (P=0.019). Therapeutic intervention was performed in 26.7% and 9.4% of @entity1 in the <48-h and >48-h groups, respectively (P=0.028). The mean lengths of hospital stay in the <48-h and >48-h groups were 5 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8-7.7) and 7 days (95%CI, 6.9-10.1), respectively (P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Performing VCE within 2 days from the last overt OGIB results in a higher diagnostic yield, higher therapeutic intervention rate, and shorter hospital stay. Therefore, VCE application with a 48-h cutoff could improve the outcome of @entity1 with overt OGIB.

title: Efficacy and implications of a 48-h cutoff for video capsule endoscopy application in overt obscure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 (SSA/Ps) are considered precursors of @entity14 with @entity124 . However, it is still difficult to differentiate SSA/Ps from @entity1127 endoscopically; therefore, the prevalence of SSA/Ps remains uncertain in clinical practice. This study aimed to clarify the proportion of SSA/Ps in endoscopically diagnosed @entity1127 with @entity5072 features (E-HPs). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 40 years undergoing colonoscopy for standard clinical indications at our center were prospectively enrolled between June 2013 and May 2014. During colonoscopy, 0.05% @entity654 dye was sprayed throughout the colorectum to highlight lesions. All detected lesions were diagnosed by high definition magnifying narrow-band imaging and were resected endoscopically or surgically, apart from rectosigmoid E-HPs  <=5mm. The number of rectosigmoid E-HPs <=5mm was recorded, and some were resected for use as tissue samples. RESULTS: A total of 343 @entity1 (male: 42.9%; mean age: 61.5 years) were included. Among 3838 E-HPs (distal: 96.4%) detected in 294 @entity1 , 792 were resected and analyzed. All of 21 SSA/Ps identified in 17 @entity1 were included in E-HPs, and the overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%. However, this proportion increased with the size of E-HPs ( <=5 mm: 0.7%; 6-9 mm: 29.0%; >= 10 mm: 70%) and was higher in the proximal colon than in the distal colorectum (10.9% vs. 0.9%). In addition, no SSA/P was found in the rectum, and no SSA/P had cytological @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%, although this proportion was higher in the proximal colon and increased with the size of E-HPs. SSA/Ps were common in routine colonoscopy, with a prevalence of at least 5.0%. STUDY REGISTRATION: UMIN000010832.

title: Prospective evaluation of the proportion of sessile serrated XXXX / @entity1127 in endoscopically diagnosed @entity1127 with @entity5072 features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity654 :: ('MESH:D007203', 'Chemical') :: ['indigo carmine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 (SSA/Ps) are considered precursors of @entity14 with @entity124 . However, it is still difficult to differentiate SSA/Ps from @entity1127 endoscopically; therefore, the prevalence of SSA/Ps remains uncertain in clinical practice. This study aimed to clarify the proportion of SSA/Ps in endoscopically diagnosed @entity1127 with @entity5072 features (E-HPs). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 40 years undergoing colonoscopy for standard clinical indications at our center were prospectively enrolled between June 2013 and May 2014. During colonoscopy, 0.05% @entity654 dye was sprayed throughout the colorectum to highlight lesions. All detected lesions were diagnosed by high definition magnifying narrow-band imaging and were resected endoscopically or surgically, apart from rectosigmoid E-HPs  <=5mm. The number of rectosigmoid E-HPs <=5mm was recorded, and some were resected for use as tissue samples. RESULTS: A total of 343 @entity1 (male: 42.9%; mean age: 61.5 years) were included. Among 3838 E-HPs (distal: 96.4%) detected in 294 @entity1 , 792 were resected and analyzed. All of 21 SSA/Ps identified in 17 @entity1 were included in E-HPs, and the overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%. However, this proportion increased with the size of E-HPs ( <=5 mm: 0.7%; 6-9 mm: 29.0%; >= 10 mm: 70%) and was higher in the proximal colon than in the distal colorectum (10.9% vs. 0.9%). In addition, no SSA/P was found in the rectum, and no SSA/P had cytological @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%, although this proportion was higher in the proximal colon and increased with the size of E-HPs. SSA/Ps were common in routine colonoscopy, with a prevalence of at least 5.0%. STUDY REGISTRATION: UMIN000010832.

title: Prospective evaluation of the proportion of sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 in endoscopically diagnosed @entity1127 with XXXX features.

answer: @entity5072 :: (MESH:D000796,Disease) :: ['hyperplastic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 (SSA/Ps) are considered precursors of @entity14 with @entity124 . However, it is still difficult to differentiate SSA/Ps from @entity1127 endoscopically; therefore, the prevalence of SSA/Ps remains uncertain in clinical practice. This study aimed to clarify the proportion of SSA/Ps in endoscopically diagnosed @entity1127 with @entity5072 features (E-HPs). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 40 years undergoing colonoscopy for standard clinical indications at our center were prospectively enrolled between June 2013 and May 2014. During colonoscopy, 0.05% @entity654 dye was sprayed throughout the colorectum to highlight lesions. All detected lesions were diagnosed by high definition magnifying narrow-band imaging and were resected endoscopically or surgically, apart from rectosigmoid E-HPs  <=5mm. The number of rectosigmoid E-HPs <=5mm was recorded, and some were resected for use as tissue samples. RESULTS: A total of 343 @entity1 (male: 42.9%; mean age: 61.5 years) were included. Among 3838 E-HPs (distal: 96.4%) detected in 294 @entity1 , 792 were resected and analyzed. All of 21 SSA/Ps identified in 17 @entity1 were included in E-HPs, and the overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%. However, this proportion increased with the size of E-HPs ( <=5 mm: 0.7%; 6-9 mm: 29.0%; >= 10 mm: 70%) and was higher in the proximal colon than in the distal colorectum (10.9% vs. 0.9%). In addition, no SSA/P was found in the rectum, and no SSA/P had cytological @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%, although this proportion was higher in the proximal colon and increased with the size of E-HPs. SSA/Ps were common in routine colonoscopy, with a prevalence of at least 5.0%. STUDY REGISTRATION: UMIN000010832.

title: Prospective evaluation of the proportion of sessile serrated @entity652 / XXXX in endoscopically diagnosed @entity1127 with @entity5072 features.

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 (SSA/Ps) are considered precursors of @entity14 with @entity124 . However, it is still difficult to differentiate SSA/Ps from @entity1127 endoscopically; therefore, the prevalence of SSA/Ps remains uncertain in clinical practice. This study aimed to clarify the proportion of SSA/Ps in endoscopically diagnosed @entity1127 with @entity5072 features (E-HPs). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 40 years undergoing colonoscopy for standard clinical indications at our center were prospectively enrolled between June 2013 and May 2014. During colonoscopy, 0.05% @entity654 dye was sprayed throughout the colorectum to highlight lesions. All detected lesions were diagnosed by high definition magnifying narrow-band imaging and were resected endoscopically or surgically, apart from rectosigmoid E-HPs  <=5mm. The number of rectosigmoid E-HPs <=5mm was recorded, and some were resected for use as tissue samples. RESULTS: A total of 343 @entity1 (male: 42.9%; mean age: 61.5 years) were included. Among 3838 E-HPs (distal: 96.4%) detected in 294 @entity1 , 792 were resected and analyzed. All of 21 SSA/Ps identified in 17 @entity1 were included in E-HPs, and the overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%. However, this proportion increased with the size of E-HPs ( <=5 mm: 0.7%; 6-9 mm: 29.0%; >= 10 mm: 70%) and was higher in the proximal colon than in the distal colorectum (10.9% vs. 0.9%). In addition, no SSA/P was found in the rectum, and no SSA/P had cytological @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall proportion of SSA/Ps in E-HPs was 2.7%, although this proportion was higher in the proximal colon and increased with the size of E-HPs. SSA/Ps were common in routine colonoscopy, with a prevalence of at least 5.0%. STUDY REGISTRATION: UMIN000010832.

title: Prospective evaluation of the proportion of sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 in endoscopically diagnosed XXXX with @entity5072 features.

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple prior studies have suggested an association between survival and beta-blocker administration in @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). However, it is unknown whether this benefit of beta-blockers is dependent on heart rate control. The aim of this study was to assess whether rate control affects survival in @entity1 receiving @entity1406 with severe @entity131 . Our hypothesis was that improved survival from beta-blockade would be associated with a reduction in heart rate. METHODS: We performed a 7-y retrospective analysis of all blunt @entity131 @entity1 at a level-1 @entity130 center. @entity1 aged >16  y with head abbreviated @entity130 or 5, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the operating room or emergency room (ER), were included. @entity1 were stratified into two groups: @entity1406 and no beta-blockers. Using propensity score matching, we matched the @entity1 in two groups in a 1:1 ratio controlling for age, gender, race, admission vital signs, @entity772 scale, injury severity score, mean heart rate monitored during ICU admission, and standard deviation of heart rate during the ICU admission. Our primary outcome measure was mortality. RESULTS: A total of 914 @entity1 met our inclusion criteria, of whom 189 received beta-blockers. A propensity-matched cohort of 356 @entity1 (178: @entity1406 and 178: no beta-blockers) was created. @entity1 receiving @entity1406 had higher survival than those @entity1 who did not receive beta-blockers (78% versus 68%; P  =  0.04); however, there was no difference in the mean heart rate (89.9      13.9 versus 89.9      15; P  =  0.99). Nor was there a difference in the mean of standard deviation of the heart rates (14.7      6.3 versus 14.4      6.5; P  =  0.65) between the two groups. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, @entity1 who received @entity1406 had a survival advantage (P  =  0.011) compared with @entity1 who did not receive any beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows an association with improved survival in @entity1 with severe @entity131 receiving @entity1406 , and this effect appears to be independent of any reduction in heart rate. We suggest that beta-blockers should be administered to all severe @entity131 @entity1 irregardless of any perceived beta-blockade effect on heart rate.

title: @entity1406 improves survival in severe XXXX independent of heart rate control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow coma']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury scale 4', 'trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple prior studies have suggested an association between survival and beta-blocker administration in @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). However, it is unknown whether this benefit of beta-blockers is dependent on heart rate control. The aim of this study was to assess whether rate control affects survival in @entity1 receiving @entity1406 with severe @entity131 . Our hypothesis was that improved survival from beta-blockade would be associated with a reduction in heart rate. METHODS: We performed a 7-y retrospective analysis of all blunt @entity131 @entity1 at a level-1 @entity130 center. @entity1 aged >16  y with head abbreviated @entity130 or 5, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the operating room or emergency room (ER), were included. @entity1 were stratified into two groups: @entity1406 and no beta-blockers. Using propensity score matching, we matched the @entity1 in two groups in a 1:1 ratio controlling for age, gender, race, admission vital signs, @entity772 scale, injury severity score, mean heart rate monitored during ICU admission, and standard deviation of heart rate during the ICU admission. Our primary outcome measure was mortality. RESULTS: A total of 914 @entity1 met our inclusion criteria, of whom 189 received beta-blockers. A propensity-matched cohort of 356 @entity1 (178: @entity1406 and 178: no beta-blockers) was created. @entity1 receiving @entity1406 had higher survival than those @entity1 who did not receive beta-blockers (78% versus 68%; P  =  0.04); however, there was no difference in the mean heart rate (89.9      13.9 versus 89.9      15; P  =  0.99). Nor was there a difference in the mean of standard deviation of the heart rates (14.7      6.3 versus 14.4      6.5; P  =  0.65) between the two groups. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, @entity1 who received @entity1406 had a survival advantage (P  =  0.011) compared with @entity1 who did not receive any beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows an association with improved survival in @entity1 with severe @entity131 receiving @entity1406 , and this effect appears to be independent of any reduction in heart rate. We suggest that beta-blockers should be administered to all severe @entity131 @entity1 irregardless of any perceived beta-blockade effect on heart rate.

title: XXXX improves survival in severe @entity131 independent of heart rate control.

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['Metoprolol']


abstract: PURPOSE:   For the new generation of mandibular reconstruction, @entity1 -specific mandible reconstruction plates (PSMPs) have been developed which are milled from @entity702 after preoperative computer planning using CAD/CAM procedures. Resection margins and plate position are determined by surgical guides. In addition, length and shape of the plate and the number and angulation of the screw holes can be planned. METHODS:   30 @entity1 received such @entity51879 . Indication ranged from stabilization osteosynthesis, single alloplastic stand-alone reconstruction to microvascular reconstructions. Time for planning, fit of surgical guides and plates, pre-/postoperative occlusion, radiological position of the temporo mandibular joint and complications were recorded. RESULTS:   The median time for online planning was 35  min. The results concerning fit and handling of the @entity51879 and the surgical guides were mainly very positive. In six cases, the plan had to be adapted to the intraoperative clinical needs. The postoperative position of the condyles in the temporo mandibular fossae was regular in 28 cases. The evaluation of the occlusion was not representative due to not clearly identifiable occlusion in 2/3 of the cases. Nevertheless, complications like postoperative extraoral plate exposure, infection, graft and flap @entity39 or difficulties to position the guides or the plate during surgery occurred. CONCLUSIONS:   Mandibular reconstruction with @entity51879 offers a broad range of opportunities and benefits compared with standard procedures and can be recommended for all kind of mandibular reconstructions. It is not yet foreseeable whether @entity51879 will in future become routine clinical practice for mandibular reconstruction or will be confined to selected isolated cases.

title: Multicenter study on the use of XXXX -specific CAD/CAM reconstruction plates for mandibular reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigate the cytocidal effect of water on @entity150 cells. Intraperitoneal lavage with sterile water is sometimes used during radical cystectomy to lyse @entity5 cells that might have escaped the surgical specimen. The efficacy of this approach at the cellular level is unknown. METHODS: Three @entity150 cell lines of varying grade, RT4, TCCSUP and T24 were exposed to sterile water, and morphological changes were closely observed under microscopy. Changes of cell membrane integrity, cell viability, and cell number of re-incubated cells after water exposure were measured to determine water induced @entity2421 . RESULTS: The low-grade RT4 cells started swelling immediately upon exposure to water followed by @entity397 within 3 minutes. The higher grade @entity1 and @entity1 cells demonstrated limited @entity2421 swelling with significantly less cell @entity397 after 10 minutes. The damage to cell membrane of RT4 cells was evident at 1 minute; only 10.0% of cells were intact at 10 minutes. On the other hand, 41.9% and 77.8% of @entity1 and @entity1 cells were intact at 10 minutes, respectively. Percentage of viable cells at 10 minutes was 2.1    2.3%, 2.3    0.4%, and 16.1    0.6% for RT4, TCCSUP, and T24, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cytocidal effect of @entity2421 can be achieved, to varying degrees, by exposing @entity150 cells to water for at least 10 minutes. This in vitro study may have bearing on the effects seen with intraperitoneal lavage using sterile water during radical cystectomy.

title: In-vitro cytocidal effect of water on XXXX cells: The potential role for intraperitoneal lavage during radical cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic shock', 'hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the most frequently diagnosed @entity5 and the leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 among @entity1 worldwide. Herein, we examine global trends in female @entity0 rates using the most up-to-date data available. METHODS: @entity0 incidence and mortality estimates were obtained from GLOBOCAN 2012 (globocan.iarc.fr). We analyzed trends from 1993 onward using incidence data from 39 countries from the International Agency for Research on @entity5 and mortality data from 57 countries from the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Of 32 countries with incidence and mortality data, rates in the recent period diverged-with incidence increasing and mortality decreasing-in nine countries mainly in Northern/Western Europe. Both incidence and mortality decreased in France, Israel, Italy, Norway, and Spain. In contrast, incidence and @entity204 rates both increased in Colombia, Ecuador, and Japan. @entity204 rates also increased in Brazil, Egypt, Guatemala, Kuwait, Mauritius, Mexico, and Moldova. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 mortality rates are decreasing in most high-income countries, despite increasing or stable incidence rates. In contrast and of concern are the increasing incidence and mortality rates in a number of countries, particularly those undergoing rapid changes in @entity1 development. Wide variations in @entity0 rates and trends reflect differences in patterns of risk factors and access to and availability of early detection and timely treatment. IMPACT: Increased awareness about @entity0 and the benefits of early detection and improved access to treatment must be prioritized to successfully implement @entity0 control programs, particularly in transitioning countries. @entity5 Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1-12.   2015 AACR.

title: International Variation in Female Breast XXXX Incidence and Mortality Rates.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To show that @entity296 ( @entity296 ) that is generally believed to be a variant of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and an analogue of chronic @entity712 is an initial stage and the background of all further forms of @entity299 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty cardiac biopsies obtained from @entity1 during aortocoronary bypass surgery for @entity299 and myocardia from 55 @entity95 in which the investigators simulated @entity731 over time, as well as acute, transient, and recurrent @entity301 after vasopressin administration were examined. A number of adequate histological, histochemical, and immunohistological procedures, electron microscopic and electron histochemical studies, and morphometry were employed. The investigators made biochemical monitoring of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels and ECG monitoring in the animals had received intravenous vasopressin. RESULTS: The authors have indicated that @entity299 begins with endothelial changes in the trophic component of the microhemocirculatory bed, which gives rise to its impaired blood flow and to @entity519 at the level of the myocardial structural and functional unit--fascicules. Over time, the disease develops a set of processes that cause damage to microvessels, cardiomyocytes, stroma, lymph capillaries, and nerve endings and changes in secretion. Compensatory and adaptive responses that long mask the symptoms of damage to the vascular bed and myocardial tissue take place simultaneously. The occurring lesions result in irregular diffuse cardiosclerosis, micro- and lymphocirculatory, innervation, and conduction disturbances, and irregular cardiomyocyte damage. The authors consider this set of myocardial changes to be an initial phase of @entity296 that shows no clinical manifestation at all. As @entity453 progresses, the already damaged myocardium is superimposed by the morphological changes caused by higher @entity519 at the whole organ level. Depending upon a combination of these changes, one or another form of @entity299 and progression of chronic @entity299 may prevail at a later time. CONCLUSION: @entity296 is a broader concept than chronic @entity712 and it is a basis for the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of @entity299 .

title: [Functional morphology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'chronic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The transient breath holding sign (TBHS) is a clinical sign often associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spine traumatic lesions. The aims of this study were to prospectively evaluate the TBHS in the detection of thoracolumbar lesions in a large cohort of @entity1 and to establish a comprehensive strategy on the use of MRI in spine traumas in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: All conscious 5- to 16-year-old @entity1 admitted for a spine @entity130 in our institution were prospectively included in the study. All @entity1 were asked for the TBHS and underwent a full spine MRI. Sensitivity and specificity of the TBHS were derived from the confusion matrix. All @entity75 were analyzed and classified. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-eight @entity1 were included. The sensitivity of the TBHS was 92%, the specificity was 83%, the positive predictive value was 83%, and the negative predictive value was 91%. The x-rays missed 67% of the vertebrae injured in the MRI. The @entity75 consisted in an @entity130 , in the sagittal plane only, in 90% of the cases. The vertebral canal and the spinal cord were never injured. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that the TBHS is a relevant clinical tool that should be added in the routine questionnaire after any @entity130 at admission. Magnetic resonance imaging should be restricted to @entity1 with a TBHS positive at admission. A single T2 Short T1 Inversion Recovery (STIR) sagittal sequence seems sufficient to make the diagnosis and could replace the use of standard x-rays in pediatric spine traumas.

title: A New Paradigm for the Management of Thoracolumbar Pediatric Spine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MRI lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['upper end plate injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumas']


abstract: A 1.5-year-old, intact female khaki Campbell @entity4186 ( @entity4186 domesticus) was evaluated for lethargy and a swollen left eye ( @entity3012 ). Mucoid discharge, chemosis, and @entity3169 with trace aqueous flare, indicating anterior @entity1596 , in the anterior chamber were evident on ophthalmic examination. There was no @entity941 stain uptake by the @entity267 . Initial topical antibiotic therapy and systemic anti-inflammatory treatments were unsuccessful, and the lesion progressed to a diffuse, yellow-white plaque, which covered 90%-95% of the @entity267 4 days later. There was moderate @entity9663 , mild blepharedema, and @entity9467 . The mobility of the nictitating membrane was impaired because of the presence of the plaque over the @entity267 . Cytologic examination of a corneal scraping revealed @entity364 , and aerobic culture confirmed Aspergillus species. Treatment with topical @entity5074 (1 drop @entity3012 q4h-q6h) was initiated and was switched to oral @entity5074 (20 mg/kg PO q12h) 6 days after initiating treatment. The ocular disease improved during the antifungal treatment period. Eighty-four days after initial presentation (9 days after discontinuation of treatment), there was no clinical evidence of @entity1036 on ophthalmic examination.

title: XXXX in a Khaki Campbell @entity4186 ( @entity4186 domesticus).

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Species') :: ['Anas platyrhynchos', 'duck']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora OS']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal hyphae']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Mycotic Keratitis']


abstract: A 1.5-year-old, intact female khaki Campbell @entity4186 ( @entity4186 domesticus) was evaluated for lethargy and a swollen left eye ( @entity3012 ). Mucoid discharge, chemosis, and @entity3169 with trace aqueous flare, indicating anterior @entity1596 , in the anterior chamber were evident on ophthalmic examination. There was no @entity941 stain uptake by the @entity267 . Initial topical antibiotic therapy and systemic anti-inflammatory treatments were unsuccessful, and the lesion progressed to a diffuse, yellow-white plaque, which covered 90%-95% of the @entity267 4 days later. There was moderate @entity9663 , mild blepharedema, and @entity9467 . The mobility of the nictitating membrane was impaired because of the presence of the plaque over the @entity267 . Cytologic examination of a corneal scraping revealed @entity364 , and aerobic culture confirmed Aspergillus species. Treatment with topical @entity5074 (1 drop @entity3012 q4h-q6h) was initiated and was switched to oral @entity5074 (20 mg/kg PO q12h) 6 days after initiating treatment. The ocular disease improved during the antifungal treatment period. Eighty-four days after initial presentation (9 days after discontinuation of treatment), there was no clinical evidence of @entity1036 on ophthalmic examination.

title: @entity1036 in a Khaki Campbell XXXX ( @entity4186 domesticus).

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['Duck']


abstract: A 1.5-year-old, intact female khaki Campbell @entity4186 ( @entity4186 domesticus) was evaluated for lethargy and a swollen left eye ( @entity3012 ). Mucoid discharge, chemosis, and @entity3169 with trace aqueous flare, indicating anterior @entity1596 , in the anterior chamber were evident on ophthalmic examination. There was no @entity941 stain uptake by the @entity267 . Initial topical antibiotic therapy and systemic anti-inflammatory treatments were unsuccessful, and the lesion progressed to a diffuse, yellow-white plaque, which covered 90%-95% of the @entity267 4 days later. There was moderate @entity9663 , mild blepharedema, and @entity9467 . The mobility of the nictitating membrane was impaired because of the presence of the plaque over the @entity267 . Cytologic examination of a corneal scraping revealed @entity364 , and aerobic culture confirmed Aspergillus species. Treatment with topical @entity5074 (1 drop @entity3012 q4h-q6h) was initiated and was switched to oral @entity5074 (20 mg/kg PO q12h) 6 days after initiating treatment. The ocular disease improved during the antifungal treatment period. Eighty-four days after initial presentation (9 days after discontinuation of treatment), there was no clinical evidence of @entity1036 on ophthalmic examination.

title: @entity1036 in a Khaki Campbell @entity4186 ( XXXX domesticus).

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['Anas platyrhynchos']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The detection rate and associated factors of at least one sperm in urinary sediment is not well-known in real clinical practice. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features associated with the presence of sperm in urinary sediment in a large number of samples. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital. We identified 5,005 males who were aged >= 20 years in whom urinary sedimentation had been performed at least twice between May 2011 and June 2012. The sperm group included @entity1 in whom at least one urinary sediment test performed under a microscope had detected at least one sperm. We evaluated the associations between the presence of at least one sperm in urinary sediment and clinical parameters such as @entity66 and the use of particular oral medicines. MAIN OUTCOMES: In total, 1.6% (339/20,937) of urinary sediment samples contained at least one sperm. The sperm group consisted of 282 subjects (5.6%), and the no-sperm group included 4,723 subjects (94.3%). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger age (<65) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.21), the total number of examinations (>= 4) (OR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.11-1.92), @entity6 (OR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.31-2.25), a history of pelvic surgery for @entity694 (OR: 4.89, 95%CI: 2.38-10.02), @entity6927 blocker use (OR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.16-2.08), a history of trans-urethral resection of the prostate (OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.46-5.13), and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor use (OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.07-4.19) were independent predictors of the presence of at least one sperm in urinary sediment. CONCLUSION: There is considerable overlap between the factors associated with the presence of at least one sperm in urinary sediment and those that are strongly associated with @entity74 .

title: Clinical Background of XXXX with Sperm in Their Urinary Sediment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ejaculatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the results of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint contractures from 4 phase 3 clinical trials of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injection for Dupuytren @entity1159 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in Collagenase Option for Reduction of Dupuytren I/II and JOINT I/II with one or more @entity1159 (20   to 80  ) received CCH 0.58 mg/0.20 mL or placebo (Collagenase Option for Reduction of Dupuytren I/II only) injected directly into a palpable cord. The percentage of @entity6520 achieving clinical success (0   to 5   of full extension), clinical improvement (50% or more reduction in baseline @entity1159 ), and range of motion improvement at 30 days after the first and last CCH injections was assessed. The @entity1159 were classified into low (40   or less) and high (more than 40  ) baseline severity. Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 506 adults (mean age, 63    10 y; 80% male) received 1,165 CCH injections in 644 PIP joint cords (mean, 1.6 injections/cord). Most @entity1 (60%) received 1 injection, with 24%, 16%, and 1% receiving 2, 3, and 4 injections, respectively. Clinical success and clinical improvement occurred in 27% and 49% of @entity6520 after one injection and in 34% and 58% after the last injection. @entity1 with lower baseline severity showed greater improvement and response was comparable between fingers, as were improvements in range of motion. Adverse events occurring in more than 10% of @entity1 were @entity4 (58%), contusion (38%), injection site @entity548 (23%), @entity158 (21%), injection site swelling (16%), and @entity925 (13%). This incidence was consistent with data reported in phase 3 trials. Two @entity397 occurred. No further @entity397 occurred after a modified injection technique was adopted. CONCLUSIONS: Collagenase clostridium histolyticum was effective and well tolerated in the short term in @entity1 with @entity2074 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

title: Efficacy and safety of collagenase clostridium histolyticum in the treatment of proximal interphalangeal joints in dupuytren XXXX : combined analysis of 4 phase 3 clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral edema']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['PIP joints']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ['Dupuytren PIP joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'PIP joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['injection site pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Grading of @entity0 on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is beneficial for selecting @entity1 for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. AIMS: To grade the @entity0 on FNAC using Robinson grading system and to assess the concordance of cytological grading (CG) with histological grading (HG) using Elston-Ellis modification of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted for 1-year, comprising of 50 female @entity1 attending outpatient departments (OPD) as well as admitted in various surgical wards of a teaching hospital, diagnosed as @entity0 . FNAC smears were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou (Pap) stains and CG was done using Robinson system on Pap stained smears. The results were compared with HG system after resection of @entity5 . RESULTS: Of 50 cases, 14 (28%) cases were graded as grade I, 24 (48%) grade II, and 12 (24%) grade III by CG, whereas 9 (18%), 28 (56%) and 13 (26%) cases were graded as grade I, II and III by HG. The result showed overall 72% concordance of CG with HG, with grade II and grade III showing highest degree of concordance (83.33%), which is comparable to previous studies. Kappa measurement showed a higher degree of agreement in high-grade @entity5 compared with low-grade @entity5 (0.73 in grade III, 0.53 in grade II and 0.39 in grade I). CONCLUSION: Cytological grading is comparable to HG in majority of cases. Because neoadjuvant chemotherapy is becoming increasingly popular as primary treatment modality of @entity0 , CG could be a useful parameter in selecting the mode of therapy and predicting @entity5 behavior.

title: Cytological grading of XXXX on fine needle aspirates and its relation with histological grading.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) dose and minimum drug delivery time needed to prevent @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ) in an ex  vivo @entity235 model and evaluate the mechanism of @entity9472 -induced cell death. @entity235 lens epithelial cells (LEC) were treated with @entity9472 and changes in cell migration, proliferation, and density were monitored over time. @entity9472 -treated LEC underwent transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors to evaluate the mechanism of cell death. Lens capsules were harvested from @entity235 cadaver eyes for an ex  vivo model of @entity3236 . Lens capsules were treated with @entity9472 for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days, and subsequently maintained in culture for a total of 28 days in the absence of drug. @entity9472 reduced LEC viability in a dose dependent manner. Morphologically, @entity9472 -treated LEC were swollen, had intact nuclei, lacked peripheral chromatin condensation, and demonstrated prominent vacuolization; TEM revealed autophagosomes. LC3-II protein expression and @entity8574 orange fluorescence increased in @entity9472 -treated cells. A small non-significant induction of cleaved caspase-3 was observed in @entity9472 -treated LEC. Lens capsules treated with 5, 6, or 7 days of 10   g/mL @entity9472 showed a significant decrease in ex  vivo @entity3236 formation; 6 days of drug delivery prevented @entity3236 . This study finds that morphologic changes, formation of acidic vesicles, and increased expression of LC3-II supports the hypothesis that @entity9472 mediates LEC death via autophagy; this is a novel finding in the lens. Induction of @entity9472 -induced apoptosis was minimal. Six days of intracapsular @entity9472 drug delivery prevented ex  vivo @entity3236 formation.

title: XXXX prevents ex  vivo @entity3236 formation through induction of autophagy-mediated cell death.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification', 'PCO']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine A']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) dose and minimum drug delivery time needed to prevent @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ) in an ex  vivo @entity235 model and evaluate the mechanism of @entity9472 -induced cell death. @entity235 lens epithelial cells (LEC) were treated with @entity9472 and changes in cell migration, proliferation, and density were monitored over time. @entity9472 -treated LEC underwent transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors to evaluate the mechanism of cell death. Lens capsules were harvested from @entity235 cadaver eyes for an ex  vivo model of @entity3236 . Lens capsules were treated with @entity9472 for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days, and subsequently maintained in culture for a total of 28 days in the absence of drug. @entity9472 reduced LEC viability in a dose dependent manner. Morphologically, @entity9472 -treated LEC were swollen, had intact nuclei, lacked peripheral chromatin condensation, and demonstrated prominent vacuolization; TEM revealed autophagosomes. LC3-II protein expression and @entity8574 orange fluorescence increased in @entity9472 -treated cells. A small non-significant induction of cleaved caspase-3 was observed in @entity9472 -treated LEC. Lens capsules treated with 5, 6, or 7 days of 10   g/mL @entity9472 showed a significant decrease in ex  vivo @entity3236 formation; 6 days of drug delivery prevented @entity3236 . This study finds that morphologic changes, formation of acidic vesicles, and increased expression of LC3-II supports the hypothesis that @entity9472 mediates LEC death via autophagy; this is a novel finding in the lens. Induction of @entity9472 -induced apoptosis was minimal. Six days of intracapsular @entity9472 drug delivery prevented ex  vivo @entity3236 formation.

title: @entity205 prevents ex  vivo XXXX formation through induction of autophagy-mediated cell death.

answer: @entity3236 :: (MESH:D058442,Disease) :: ['PCO']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Complete @entity155 traumatic @entity2685 ( @entity2685 ) can be treated using nerve and musculoskeletal reconstruction procedures. However, these interventions are most viable within certain timeframes, and even then they cannot restore all lost function. Little is known about how @entity1 make decisions regarding surgical treatment or what impediments they face during the decision-making process. Using qualitative methodology, the authors aimed to describe how and why @entity1 elect to pursue or forego surgical reconstruction, identify the barriers precluding adequate information transfer, and determine whether these @entity1 are satisfied with their treatment choices over time. METHODS Twelve @entity1 with total @entity155 @entity2685 were interviewed according to a semi-structured guide. The interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed using the systematic inductive techniques of grounded theory to identify key themes related to the decision-making process and long-term satisfaction with decisions. RESULTS Four decision factors emerged from our analysis: desire to restore function, perceived value of functional gains, weighing the risks and costs of surgery, and having concomitant injuries. Lack of insurance coverage (4 @entity1 ), delayed diagnosis (3 @entity1 ), and insufficient information regarding treatment (4 @entity1 ) prevented @entity1 from making informed decisions and accessing care. Three individuals, all of whom had decided against reconstruction, had regrets about their treatment choices. CONCLUSIONS @entity1 with @entity130 are missing opportunities for reconstruction and often not considering the long-term outcomes of surgery. As more Americans gain health insurance coverage, it is very likely that the number of @entity1 able to pursue reconstruction will increase. The authors recommend implementing clinical pathways to help @entity1 meet critical points in care within the ideal timeframe and using a @entity1 - and family-centered care approach combined with @entity1 decision aids to foster shared decision making, increase access to information, and improve @entity1 satisfaction with decisions. These measures could greatly benefit @entity1 with BPI while reducing costs, improving efficiency, and generating better outcomes.

title: Medical treatment decision making after total XXXX @entity2685 : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['panplexus avulsion injuries']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['BPIs', 'brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Complete @entity155 traumatic @entity2685 ( @entity2685 ) can be treated using nerve and musculoskeletal reconstruction procedures. However, these interventions are most viable within certain timeframes, and even then they cannot restore all lost function. Little is known about how @entity1 make decisions regarding surgical treatment or what impediments they face during the decision-making process. Using qualitative methodology, the authors aimed to describe how and why @entity1 elect to pursue or forego surgical reconstruction, identify the barriers precluding adequate information transfer, and determine whether these @entity1 are satisfied with their treatment choices over time. METHODS Twelve @entity1 with total @entity155 @entity2685 were interviewed according to a semi-structured guide. The interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed using the systematic inductive techniques of grounded theory to identify key themes related to the decision-making process and long-term satisfaction with decisions. RESULTS Four decision factors emerged from our analysis: desire to restore function, perceived value of functional gains, weighing the risks and costs of surgery, and having concomitant injuries. Lack of insurance coverage (4 @entity1 ), delayed diagnosis (3 @entity1 ), and insufficient information regarding treatment (4 @entity1 ) prevented @entity1 from making informed decisions and accessing care. Three individuals, all of whom had decided against reconstruction, had regrets about their treatment choices. CONCLUSIONS @entity1 with @entity130 are missing opportunities for reconstruction and often not considering the long-term outcomes of surgery. As more Americans gain health insurance coverage, it is very likely that the number of @entity1 able to pursue reconstruction will increase. The authors recommend implementing clinical pathways to help @entity1 meet critical points in care within the ideal timeframe and using a @entity1 - and family-centered care approach combined with @entity1 decision aids to foster shared decision making, increase access to information, and improve @entity1 satisfaction with decisions. These measures could greatly benefit @entity1 with BPI while reducing costs, improving efficiency, and generating better outcomes.

title: Medical treatment decision making after total @entity155 XXXX : a qualitative study.

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Wider adoption of aortic valve repair procedures is held up by the difficulty in recognizing the exact alterations that are responsible for @entity337 . New aortic cusp sizers were developed to assist in aortic valve assessment in the operating theatre. Our objectives were to examine the efficacy of the aortic cusp sizers in establishing the functional classification of @entity337 , and to report the midterm outcome in a group of @entity1 who had undergone aortic valve repair guided by this device. METHODS: A prospective clinical study was performed involving 33 consecutive @entity1 (18 males, age range: 8-74 years) with severe @entity337 (mean severity: 3.4    0.5). The aortic cusp sizers were used as a template to identify existing cusp and root alterations. Consequently, the functional classification of @entity337 was determined, and the appropriate techniques of aortic valve repair were implemented. RESULTS: Aortic valve repair was successful in all @entity1 . Procedures performed were 37 functional aortic annulus corrections, 9 cusp free-edge plications, 2 cusp repairs with autologous pericardium, 9 replacements of the ascending aorta and 2 reimplantation procedures. At a mean follow-up time of 18.3    13.7 months, 1 @entity1 underwent aortic valve replacement for recurrent @entity337 , while aortic valve function remained stable in 32 @entity1 , with @entity337 <1+ in 27 (84.4%) @entity1 and 1-1.5 in 5 (15.6%) @entity1 , and no significant gradients across the aortic valves. CONCLUSIONS: The aortic cusp sizers are valuable in establishing the functional classification of @entity337 , and can guide implementation of aortic valve repair techniques successfully. This approach is analogous to that accredited for the success and wide adoption of mitral valve repair techniques, and is likely to assist in increasing the percentage of aortic valves that are repaired when compared with current practice.

title: Aortic cusp sizers to establish the functional classification of XXXX : algorithm and midterm outcome of operative repair   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve insufficiency', 'aortic valve regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic insufficiency']


abstract: 1. Experiments have been carried out to compare @entity1017 , mortality and oocyst production in 7 inbred and partially inbred lines of @entity1573 after challenge with the coccidial parasites @entity12917 and E. maxima. 2. There were large differences between lines in the effects of challenge on @entity1017 and mortality for both species of parasite. However, the lines suffering the greatest mortality were not those showing the greatest effects on @entity1017 , indicating that mortality alone is not an adequate criterion in selection for resistance. 3. Although oocyst production differed between lines there was no correlation with mortality or with @entity353 , implying that the variation observed in these traits was not due to a restriction of the parasite but to an accommodation of its effects. 4. Mortality and @entity353 resulting from challenge with @entity12917 in the different lines did not correlate with that caused by E. maxima. 5. There was evidence of an association of genes of the major histocompatibility complex genes with mortality, but not with @entity353 or oocyst production: there was no indication of association of resistance to @entity7843 with resistance to @entity10803 .

title: Genetics of resistance to XXXX : response of inbred @entity1573 lines to infection by @entity12917 and Eimeria maxima.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity12917 :: ('5802', 'Species') :: ['Eimeria tenella', 'E. tenella']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity10803 :: ('MESH:D008380', 'Disease') :: ["Marek's disease"]

answer: @entity7843 :: (MESH:D003048,Disease) :: ['coccidiosis']


abstract: 1. Experiments have been carried out to compare @entity1017 , mortality and oocyst production in 7 inbred and partially inbred lines of @entity1573 after challenge with the coccidial parasites @entity12917 and E. maxima. 2. There were large differences between lines in the effects of challenge on @entity1017 and mortality for both species of parasite. However, the lines suffering the greatest mortality were not those showing the greatest effects on @entity1017 , indicating that mortality alone is not an adequate criterion in selection for resistance. 3. Although oocyst production differed between lines there was no correlation with mortality or with @entity353 , implying that the variation observed in these traits was not due to a restriction of the parasite but to an accommodation of its effects. 4. Mortality and @entity353 resulting from challenge with @entity12917 in the different lines did not correlate with that caused by E. maxima. 5. There was evidence of an association of genes of the major histocompatibility complex genes with mortality, but not with @entity353 or oocyst production: there was no indication of association of resistance to @entity7843 with resistance to @entity10803 .

title: Genetics of resistance to @entity7843 : response of inbred @entity1573 lines to infection by XXXX and Eimeria maxima.

answer: @entity12917 :: (5802,Species) :: ['Eimeria tenella']


abstract: 1. Experiments have been carried out to compare @entity1017 , mortality and oocyst production in 7 inbred and partially inbred lines of @entity1573 after challenge with the coccidial parasites @entity12917 and E. maxima. 2. There were large differences between lines in the effects of challenge on @entity1017 and mortality for both species of parasite. However, the lines suffering the greatest mortality were not those showing the greatest effects on @entity1017 , indicating that mortality alone is not an adequate criterion in selection for resistance. 3. Although oocyst production differed between lines there was no correlation with mortality or with @entity353 , implying that the variation observed in these traits was not due to a restriction of the parasite but to an accommodation of its effects. 4. Mortality and @entity353 resulting from challenge with @entity12917 in the different lines did not correlate with that caused by E. maxima. 5. There was evidence of an association of genes of the major histocompatibility complex genes with mortality, but not with @entity353 or oocyst production: there was no indication of association of resistance to @entity7843 with resistance to @entity10803 .

title: Genetics of resistance to @entity7843 : response of inbred XXXX lines to infection by @entity12917 and Eimeria maxima.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1547 is a highly prevalent, yet preventable disease that is commonly overlooked in the adult population. It is strongly related to health-related behaviors and knowledge, and therefore, is potentially receptive to a behavioral health intervention. However, prevention strategies that target health behaviors in adults are fundamentally different from those in @entity1 , whom most current intervention strategies for @entity1547 target. This study attempts to pilot design, implement, and assess health behavior intervention tools for adults, in order to improve their oral health. OBJECTIVE: To increase knowledge about @entity1547 by 80% and increase positive self-reported oral hygiene behaviors by 80% in low-income adult @entity1 at Interfaith Dental Clinic by piloting novel interventional and educational tools based on the Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior. METHODS: A convenience sample of newly registered @entity1 to the Interfaith Dental Clinic between August 2011 and May 2013, were interviewed on each @entity1 's first appointment, exposed to the interventional tools, and subsequently interviewed at their next appointment. A control group, comprised of @entity1 who had completed their caries care as deemed by the clinic and had not been exposed to the interventional tools, were also interviewed on their last appointment before graduating the clinic's program. RESULTS: A total of 112 @entity1 were exposed to the intervention, and forty-two @entity1 comprised the control group. Follow-up for the intervention group was 20.5% (n = 23). Knowledge about the cause of caries increased by 29.9%, and positive self-reported oral hygiene behaviors increased by 25.4%. A Wilcoxon rank sum test showed no significance between the interview scores of the post-intervention group and that of the control group (p = 0.18 for knowledge, p = 0.284 for behaviors). Qualitative results show the vast majority of @entity1 blamed diet for cause of caries, that this @entity1 population prioritized practical advice over factual education, and that flossing was perceived to be the largest barrier to proper oral care, citing @entity158 , lack of time, and technique as common reasons. CONCLUSION: Educational tools based on current models of health behavior theory have the potential to improve @entity1 knowledge and health behaviors, while also remaining low-cost and convenient for clinical use.

title: The role of health behavior in preventing XXXX in resource-poor adults: a pilot intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries', 'dental caries']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['dental caries']


abstract: Retinal nerve fibre layer photographs were obtained from sixty-three @entity1 , (113 eyes), attending a @entity726 suspect clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital. These photographs were studied following masking of the optic disc. Interobserver error was good. Intraobserver error following a six-month 'learning period' showed changes in identification of nerve fibre layer defects occurring as a result of the learning process. Humphrey threshold fields on the 113 eyes were independently scored as abnormals, suspect or normal. A good correlation existed between defects visible on the retinal nerve fibre layer photograph and 'abnormal' visual fields. Retinal nerve fibre layer photography is possible in @entity726 @entity1 with clear optical media whose pupils permit full @entity5564 . It seems to supplement other methods of assessing the early @entity726 @entity1 . It may be of value in sequential follow-up. It would seem to be of little value in the majority of elderly @entity726 @entity1 who would have @entity231 in the optical media.

title: Retinal nerve fibre layer photography in glaucomatous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess levels of @entity148 , @entity308 , loneliness, burnout and job satisfaction among paediatric Residents, and how they influence each other. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, and Konya Meram Education and Research Hospital, @entity233 from January to June 2011, and comprised paediatric Residents and their counterparts from other departments who formed the control group. While maintaining confidentiality, a questionnaire was used to collect data that had elements of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. SPSS version 13 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Overall there were 74 Residents in the study; 43 (58%) working with the paediatrics department, and 31 (42%) in the control group. Overall mean age was 27.60    2.25 years. Residents who were not satisfied with the city they were living in, with their professional career and who would not choose the same career given a second chance were feeling more lonely and had higher loneliness scores (p < 0.05). In contrast, @entity148 among female Residents who were unsatisfied with their professional career and working conditions was significantly high (p < 0.05). Positive correlation was detected between the burnout levels of Residents and their @entity148 , @entity308 and loneliness scores (r = 0.74; r = 0.65; r = 0.36). In terms of @entity14783 , there was an obvious negative correlation (r = -0.57; r = -0.54; r = -0.61). CONCLUSION: Working conditions and professional liability were the main factors affecting the Residents. Informed decision and career willingness may help them feel better.

title: A sample of paediatric residents' XXXX with probable affecting factors.

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic, extrinsic and total job satisfaction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['loneliness-anxiety-depression-burnout and job satisfaction']


abstract: In this paper, 487 cases of @entity259 , 387 (79.5%) benign and 100 (20.5%) malignant, were analysed clinicopathologically. @entity5 was divided into three types: papillary, follicular and atypical @entity652 ; @entity5 into five types: papillary, follicular, undifferentiated, medullary and squamous @entity5 . In the benign variety, follicular @entity652 had the highest incidence (98.2%) and in the @entity5 , @entity5 ranked first (62%). In this series, there were two cases of carcino- @entity242 . The sex ratio of male and female was 1:1.62 for the whole series, 1:1.70 for benign and 1:1.38 for @entity5 . The peak age was 21 to 40 years with a median of 35 for benign and 31 to 50 years with a median of 43 for @entity5 . For @entity1377 , the @entity1 over 40 years of age comprised 50%. The typing of benign and @entity5 is discussed. It is proposed that the @entity5 be classified according to histomorphology. @entity175 by immunohistochemical technic or neural secretory granules by electron microscopy gives the most reliable evidence to diagnosis of the @entity189 .

title: [Clinicopathologic analysis of 487 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Benign thyroid tumor', 'occult cancer', 'papillary cancer', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant thyroid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumor']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumors']


abstract: 114 @entity1 with primary @entity8376 were treated in our hospital from 1958 to 1978. It accounted for 0.83% of all gynecological @entity5 in the same period. The youngest was 26 years of age, the oldest 75. @entity1 40-59 years comprised 61.4%. 33% of @entity1 had wedding age under 17. 63.4% had more than 4 pregnancies and 58.4% gave more than 4 births. 89.69% was diagnosed as @entity957 , 7.2% as @entity420 , 2.06% as @entity189 and 1 as @entity189 . The @entity5 occurred frequently in the upper third and posterior wall of the vagina (60% and 68%). In this series, there were 21 stage I, 29 stage II, 61 stage III and 3 stage IV lesions. 110 @entity1 were treated by radiotherapy in different schemes. Intracavitary radium or @entity12876 plus 60Co external irradiation by four fields gave better result with a 5 year survival rate of 66.1%. Only 2 out of 12 @entity1 were cured by 60Co rotation alone but if supplemented by intracavitary radium or @entity12876 , the cure rate was increased. The 5 year survival rate was 71.4% for stage I, 62.1% for stage II, 42.6% for stage III and O for stage IV. After the radiotherapy, @entity3622 developed in 1 @entity1 , @entity789 in 1. 14% was complicated with @entity548 and 8.18% with @entity811 .

title: [Report on 114 primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic carcinoma', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vaginal carcinomas']


abstract: @entity880 dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) is considered to be a good target protein for the development of contraceptive drugs. To develop contraceptive rodenticide against pika ( @entity42025 ) LDH-C4, the pika LDH-C gene was cloned and expressed in @entity526 . The recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The cDNA of pika LDH-C gene was cloned by RACE method. The cDNA was 1498 bp in length containing an ORF of 996 bp which encoded a polypeptide of 332 @entity1522 . The ORF of pika LDH-C was introduced in @entity526 and expressed with no fusion tags added. The recombinant LDH-C4 protein was purified by heating, affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The recombinant pika LDH-C4 was a tetramer with a molecular weight of approximately 140 kDa, and it had temperature-dependent catalytic activity, as it was thermally stable up to 60 degrees C. The optimal pH values in the forward and backward reactions were around 7.48 and 10.28, respectively. The apparent Michaelis constants for @entity2388 and @entity880 were 51.2 +/- 3.8 and 8568.8 +/- 409 microM respectively. The inhibition constant for @entity11439 was 11.8 +/- 3.5 mM. This study laid a solid foundation for contraceptive rodenticide development against pika LDH-C4.

title: [Cloning and characterization of XXXX dehydrogenase C4 from pika @entity42025 ].

entities_list: @entity42025 :: ('130825', 'Species') :: ['Ochotona curzoniae']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: @entity880 dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) is considered to be a good target protein for the development of contraceptive drugs. To develop contraceptive rodenticide against pika ( @entity42025 ) LDH-C4, the pika LDH-C gene was cloned and expressed in @entity526 . The recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The cDNA of pika LDH-C gene was cloned by RACE method. The cDNA was 1498 bp in length containing an ORF of 996 bp which encoded a polypeptide of 332 @entity1522 . The ORF of pika LDH-C was introduced in @entity526 and expressed with no fusion tags added. The recombinant LDH-C4 protein was purified by heating, affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The recombinant pika LDH-C4 was a tetramer with a molecular weight of approximately 140 kDa, and it had temperature-dependent catalytic activity, as it was thermally stable up to 60 degrees C. The optimal pH values in the forward and backward reactions were around 7.48 and 10.28, respectively. The apparent Michaelis constants for @entity2388 and @entity880 were 51.2 +/- 3.8 and 8568.8 +/- 409 microM respectively. The inhibition constant for @entity11439 was 11.8 +/- 3.5 mM. This study laid a solid foundation for contraceptive rodenticide development against pika LDH-C4.

title: [Cloning and characterization of @entity880 dehydrogenase C4 from pika XXXX ].

answer: @entity42025 :: (130825,Species) :: ['ochotona curzoniae']


abstract: The minimal access retrosigmoid endoscopic approach to @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) resection has been used with promising results. However, it has not been compared with the standard open approach in the literature. We performed a meta-analysis review for all articles describing both approaches for @entity5513 from 1996 to 2011. We found 1861 articles. After review and discussion, we narrowed our study to 25 articles, 4 endoscopic and 21 open. The total number of @entity1 was 3026 for open and 790 for endoscopic. The mean @entity5 sizes in the open and endoscopic series were 2.5 cm and 2.7 cm, respectively. Good facial nerve outcome was achieved in 67% of the open series @entity1 and in 94% of the endoscopic series @entity1 . Other outcomes in the open and endoscopic series were the following: gross total resection, 91% versus 97%; functional hearing, 22.6% versus 46%; wound @entity281 , 1.3% versus 2.6%; and recurrence, 5.4% versus 2.2%. We acknowledge the limitations of our study, but we can state that the endoscopic approach is not inferior to the standard open approach. In expert hands the endoscopic approach can offer as good a result as the open, with potential benefits such as @entity158 and a shorter length of stay in the hospital. There is a need for more controlled studies for a definitive comparison.

title: Facial Nerve Outcome after XXXX Resection: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Endoscopic versus Open Retrosigmoid Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['Vestibular Schwannoma']