abstract: IMPORTANCE: An increasing amount of evidence supports the use of antibiotics instead of surgery for treating @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity697 . OBJECTIVE: To compare antibiotic therapy with appendectomy in the treatment of uncomplicated @entity697 confirmed by computed tomography (CT). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The @entity698 Acuta (APPAC) multicenter, open-label, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2009 until June 2012 in Finland. The trial enrolled 530 @entity1 aged 18 to 60 years with uncomplicated @entity697 confirmed by a CT scan. @entity1 were randomly assigned to early appendectomy or antibiotic treatment with a 1-year follow-up period. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 randomized to antibiotic therapy received intravenous @entity6543 (1 g/d) for 3 days followed by 7 days of oral @entity5553 (500 mg once daily) and @entity868 (500 mg 3 times per day). @entity1 randomized to the surgical treatment group were assigned to undergo standard open appendectomy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point for the surgical intervention was the successful completion of an appendectomy. The primary end point for antibiotic-treated @entity1 was discharge from the hospital without the need for surgery and no recurrent @entity698 during a 1-year follow-up period. RESULTS: There were 273 @entity1 in the surgical group and 257 in the antibiotic group. Of 273 @entity1 in the surgical group, all but 1 underwent successful appendectomy, resulting in a success rate of 99.6% (95% CI, 98.0% to 100.0%). In the antibiotic group, 70 @entity1 (27.3%; 95% CI, 22.0% to 33.2%) underwent appendectomy within 1 year of initial presentation for @entity698 . Of the 256 @entity1 available for follow-up in the antibiotic group, 186 (72.7%; 95% CI, 66.8% to 78.0%) did not require surgery. The intention-to-treat analysis yielded a difference in treatment efficacy between groups of -27.0% (95% CI, -31.6% to    ) (P   =   .89). Given the prespecified noninferiority margin of 24%, we were unable to demonstrate noninferiority of antibiotic treatment relative to surgery. Of the 70 @entity1 randomized to antibiotic treatment who subsequently underwent appendectomy, 58 (82.9%; 95% CI, 72.0% to 90.8%) had @entity698 , 7 (10.0%; 95% CI, 4.1% to 19.5%) had complicated @entity697 , and 5 (7.1%; 95% CI, 2.4% to 15.9%) did not have @entity698 but received appendectomy for suspected recurrence. There were no @entity6177 or other major complications associated with delayed appendectomy in @entity1 randomized to antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among @entity1 with CT-proven, @entity698 , antibiotic treatment did not meet the prespecified criterion for noninferiority compared with appendectomy. Most @entity1 randomized to antibiotic treatment for @entity698 did not require appendectomy during the 1-year follow-up period, and those who required appendectomy did not experience significant complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01022567.

title: Antibiotic Therapy vs Appendectomy for Treatment of Uncomplicated XXXX : The APPAC Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated appendicitis', 'Appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6543 :: ('MESH:C446479', 'Chemical') :: ['ertapenem']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study evaluated postirradiation @entity6437 in the oral cavity to investigate clinical and pathologic characteristics and incidence rates. METHODS: Between 1960 and 1999, 2719 @entity1 with @entity1544 were treated with radiation therapy at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Of these, six @entity1 developed clinically polypoid @entity5 pathologically diagnosed as @entity6437 . Histopathology, immunohistology, and the clinical courses of these lesions were investigated. RESULTS: Spindled fibroblastic cells arranged in whorled patterns were common pathologic features. Immunohistochemical results showed reactivity for @entity2277 and smooth muscle actin and nonreactivity for cytokeratin. The latent period from the initial radiation therapy to the development of the @entity6437 ranged from 45 to 145 months (median, 79 months). The overall cumulative incidence of @entity6437 was 0.22% during the 40 year period. All six @entity1 were cured with simple excisions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1697 @entity1 treated with radiation therapy may develop @entity6437 in a low frequency with a shorter period than that of radiation induced @entity189 / @entity242 . @entity6437 was curable with surgery. @entity6437 should be added to the list of differential diagnosis for postirradiation oral polypoid masses.

title: XXXX : benign polypoid masses following radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor', 'pseudotumors', 'Pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['Oral pseudotumor']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Colonoscopy is the most commonly used @entity14 screening test in the United States. Its quality, as measured by @entity652 rates (ADRs), varies widely among physicians, with unknown consequences for the cost and benefits of screening programs. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the lifetime benefits, complications, and costs of an initial colonoscopy screening program at different levels of @entity652 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Microsimulation modeling with data from a community-based health care system on ADR variation and @entity5 risk among 57,588 @entity1 examined by 136 physicians from 1998 through 2010. EXPOSURES: Using modeling, no screening was compared with screening initiation with colonoscopy according to ADR quintiles (averages 15.3%, quintile 1; 21.3%, quintile 2; 25.6%, quintile 3; 30.9%, quintile 4; and 38.7%, quintile 5) at ages 50, 60, and 70 years with appropriate surveillance of @entity1 with @entity652 . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Estimated lifetime @entity14 incidence and mortality, number of colonoscopies, complications, and costs per 1000 @entity1 , all discounted at 3% per year and including 95% confidence intervals from multiway probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In simulation modeling, among unscreened @entity1 the lifetime risk of @entity14 incidence was 34.2 per 1000 (95% CI, 25.9-43.6) and risk of mortality was 13.4 per 1000 (95% CI, 10.0-17.6). Among screened @entity1 , simulated lifetime incidence decreased with lower to higher ADRs (26.6; 95% CI, 20.0-34.3 for quintile 1 vs 12.5; 95% CI, 9.3-16.5 for quintile 5) as did mortality (5.7; 95% CI, 4.2-7.7 for quintile 1 vs 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7-3.1 for quintile 5). Compared with quintile 1, simulated lifetime incidence was on average 11.4% (95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) lower for every 5 percentage-point increase of ADRs and for mortality, 12.8% (95% CI, 11.1%-13.7%) lower. Complications increased from 6.0 (95% CI, 4.0-8.5) of 2777 colonoscopies (95% CI, 2626-2943) in quintile 1 to 8.9 (95% CI, 6.1-12.0) complications of 3376 (95% CI, 3081-3681) colonoscopies in quintile 5. Estimated net screening costs were lower from quintile 1 ( @entity10479  2.1 million, 95% CI,  1.8- 2.4 million) to quintile 5 ( @entity10479  1.8 million, 95% CI,  1.3- 2.3 million) due to averted @entity5 treatment costs. Results were stable across sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this microsimulation modeling study, higher @entity652 rates in screening colonoscopy were associated with lower lifetime risks of @entity14 and @entity14 without being associated with higher overall costs. Future research is needed to assess whether increasing @entity652 would be associated with improved @entity1 outcomes.

title: Variation in XXXX Rate and the Lifetime Benefits and Cost of @entity14 : A Microsimulation Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer mortality']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma detection', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adenoma Detection']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Colonoscopy is the most commonly used @entity14 screening test in the United States. Its quality, as measured by @entity652 rates (ADRs), varies widely among physicians, with unknown consequences for the cost and benefits of screening programs. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the lifetime benefits, complications, and costs of an initial colonoscopy screening program at different levels of @entity652 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Microsimulation modeling with data from a community-based health care system on ADR variation and @entity5 risk among 57,588 @entity1 examined by 136 physicians from 1998 through 2010. EXPOSURES: Using modeling, no screening was compared with screening initiation with colonoscopy according to ADR quintiles (averages 15.3%, quintile 1; 21.3%, quintile 2; 25.6%, quintile 3; 30.9%, quintile 4; and 38.7%, quintile 5) at ages 50, 60, and 70 years with appropriate surveillance of @entity1 with @entity652 . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Estimated lifetime @entity14 incidence and mortality, number of colonoscopies, complications, and costs per 1000 @entity1 , all discounted at 3% per year and including 95% confidence intervals from multiway probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In simulation modeling, among unscreened @entity1 the lifetime risk of @entity14 incidence was 34.2 per 1000 (95% CI, 25.9-43.6) and risk of mortality was 13.4 per 1000 (95% CI, 10.0-17.6). Among screened @entity1 , simulated lifetime incidence decreased with lower to higher ADRs (26.6; 95% CI, 20.0-34.3 for quintile 1 vs 12.5; 95% CI, 9.3-16.5 for quintile 5) as did mortality (5.7; 95% CI, 4.2-7.7 for quintile 1 vs 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7-3.1 for quintile 5). Compared with quintile 1, simulated lifetime incidence was on average 11.4% (95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) lower for every 5 percentage-point increase of ADRs and for mortality, 12.8% (95% CI, 11.1%-13.7%) lower. Complications increased from 6.0 (95% CI, 4.0-8.5) of 2777 colonoscopies (95% CI, 2626-2943) in quintile 1 to 8.9 (95% CI, 6.1-12.0) complications of 3376 (95% CI, 3081-3681) colonoscopies in quintile 5. Estimated net screening costs were lower from quintile 1 ( @entity10479  2.1 million, 95% CI,  1.8- 2.4 million) to quintile 5 ( @entity10479  1.8 million, 95% CI,  1.3- 2.3 million) due to averted @entity5 treatment costs. Results were stable across sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this microsimulation modeling study, higher @entity652 rates in screening colonoscopy were associated with lower lifetime risks of @entity14 and @entity14 without being associated with higher overall costs. Future research is needed to assess whether increasing @entity652 would be associated with improved @entity1 outcomes.

title: Variation in @entity652 Rate and the Lifetime Benefits and Cost of XXXX : A Microsimulation Model.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Screening']


abstract: The author presents late results of treating 60 @entity1 with @entity3986 of @entity2045 . The treatment was conducted by 3 methods: 30 @entity1 were receiving @entity2656 for 1 month, 15 subjects were given calcitonin intramuscularly for 1 month, and programmed rehabilitation according to Mucha's scheme was applied in 15 @entity1 . The results were estimated within the period of 1/2--2 years since the commencement of therapy. The evaluation of the results was accomplished by 3-degree classification namely: good, fair, poor. Main attention was focussed on the rest pain regression and improvement of the hand grasping function. In the total group of 60 @entity1 under treatment, there were 38 @entity1 with good results (62%), in 16 the result was fair (27%) and in 6 @entity1 the outcome was poor (11%). It has been recorded that the treatment during the I stage of disease by all the three methods used was uniformly effective. In the treatment of the II stage the most efficacious was @entity2656 (statistically significant). @entity2656 best influenced the improvement of hand grasping strength after the treatment, as well as regression of DS typical changes in RTG and bone scan. It has been also ascertained that for achievement of good results--regardless of the therapeutic method--the greatest influence was exerted by: the time shorter than 3 months elapsing from the @entity130 to the onset of the treatment, initial @entity51 smaller than 3 cm, the presence of typical for DS changes in bone scintigraphy as well as I stage of the disease.

title: [Clinical estimation of late treatment results in XXXX treated with @entity2656 , calcitonin and exercise therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ["posttraumatic Sudeck's dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in flexion of the fingers']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic Sudeck's dystrophy']


abstract: The author presents late results of treating 60 @entity1 with @entity3986 of @entity2045 . The treatment was conducted by 3 methods: 30 @entity1 were receiving @entity2656 for 1 month, 15 subjects were given calcitonin intramuscularly for 1 month, and programmed rehabilitation according to Mucha's scheme was applied in 15 @entity1 . The results were estimated within the period of 1/2--2 years since the commencement of therapy. The evaluation of the results was accomplished by 3-degree classification namely: good, fair, poor. Main attention was focussed on the rest pain regression and improvement of the hand grasping function. In the total group of 60 @entity1 under treatment, there were 38 @entity1 with good results (62%), in 16 the result was fair (27%) and in 6 @entity1 the outcome was poor (11%). It has been recorded that the treatment during the I stage of disease by all the three methods used was uniformly effective. In the treatment of the II stage the most efficacious was @entity2656 (statistically significant). @entity2656 best influenced the improvement of hand grasping strength after the treatment, as well as regression of DS typical changes in RTG and bone scan. It has been also ascertained that for achievement of good results--regardless of the therapeutic method--the greatest influence was exerted by: the time shorter than 3 months elapsing from the @entity130 to the onset of the treatment, initial @entity51 smaller than 3 cm, the presence of typical for DS changes in bone scintigraphy as well as I stage of the disease.

title: [Clinical estimation of late treatment results in @entity3986 treated with XXXX , calcitonin and exercise therapy].

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the USA, uncontrolled @entity101 contributes to 1000 deaths a day. However, little is known about the quality of @entity101 management in family medicine resident clinics. OBJECTIVES: To examine rates of documentation and treatment of elevated blood pressure, and to identify missed opportunities to address @entity101 . Study design A cross-sectional chart review of 1011 adult @entity1 visits between 2 January and 4 February 2013 was performed in a resident-run federally qualified health centre. For @entity1 with elevated blood pressure at time of visit, we noted whether or not the residents had documented a diagnosis or discussion of @entity101 and the presence or absence of a treatment plan. We compared these rates with those from a national sample of primary care physicians. RESULTS: 262/1011 (26%) of adult @entity1 had elevated blood pressure at time of visit. Of those, 115/262 (44%) had documentation and a plan for treatment, 79/262 (30%) had documentation but no plan, and 68/262 (26%) had neither documentation nor plan. Nationally, 45% of @entity1 are diagnosed and treated compared with 44% of study visits with documentation and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than half of visits of @entity1 with elevated blood pressure resulted in both documentation and a treatment plan. Nevertheless, these rates are comparable to national providers. @entity551 was more likely to be missed during acute visits and in @entity1 with less elevated blood pressure.

title: Documentation and treatment of XXXX : quality of care and missed opportunities in a family medicine resident clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Elevated blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence-based consensus guidelines recommend only observation for @entity1 with @entity263 and life expectancy less than 10 years. This report describes the incidence, drivers, cost, and morbidity of overtreatment of @entity263 within the United States. METHODS: The SEER-Medicare Program was used to identify 11,744 @entity1 aged 66 years or older diagnosed with @entity263 in 2004 through 2007. Overtreatment of @entity263 was defined as definitive treatment of a @entity1 with a life expectancy of less than 10 years. Expected survival was estimated using NCCN methodology. Costs were the amount paid by Medicare in years after minus year before diagnosis. @entity137 were relevant Medicare diagnoses/interventions. P values are 2-sided. RESULTS: Of 3001 @entity1 with @entity263 and a life expectancy of less than 10 years, 2011 @entity1 (67%) were overtreated. On multivariable logistic regression, overtreated @entity1 were more likely to be married (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.59; P=.02), reside in affluent regions (P<.001), and harbor more @entity1442 at diagnosis (P<.001). Two-year @entity137 was greater in overtreated @entity1 (P<.001). Relative to active surveillance/watchful waiting/observation, the median additional cost per definitive treatment was  18,827 over 5 years; the cumulative annual cost attributable to overtreatment in the United States was  58.7 million. The ability to avoid treating the 80% of @entity1 with low-grade disease who will never die of @entity263 would save  1.32 billion per year nationally. CONCLUSIONS: Overtreatment of @entity263 is partially driven by sociodemographic factors and occurs frequently, with marked impact on @entity1 quality of life and health-related costs.

title: Cost implications and complications of overtreatment of XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'low-risk prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['low-risk prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural injections are performed utilizing 3 approaches in the lumbar spine: caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal. The literature on the efficacy of epidural injections has been sporadic. There are few high-quality randomized trials performed under fluoroscopy in managing disc herniation that have a long-term follow-up and appropriate outcome parameters. There is also a lack of literature comparing the efficacy of these 3 approaches. METHODS: This manuscript analyzes data from 3 randomized controlled trials that assessed a total of 360 @entity1 with @entity890 . There were 120 @entity1 per trial either receiving local anesthetic alone (60 @entity1 ) or local anesthetic with @entity230 (60 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Analysis showed similar efficacy for caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal approaches in managing @entity1118 and disability from disc herniation. The analysis of caudal epidural injections showed the potential superiority of @entity230 compared with local anesthetic alone a 2-year follow-up, based on the average relief per procedure. In the interlaminar group, results were somewhat superior for @entity158 relief in the @entity134 group at 6 months and functional status at 12 months. Interlaminar epidurals provided improvement in a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 nonresponsive to initial injections was also lower in the group for local anesthetic with @entity134 in the interlaminar trial. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this assessment show significant improvement in @entity1 suffering from @entity890 with 3 lumbar epidural approaches with local anesthetic alone, or using @entity230 with long-term follow-up of up to 2 years, in a contemporary interventional @entity158 management setting.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal epidural injections in managing XXXX : is one method superior to the other?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lumbar disc herniation', 'lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: A 50-year-old active male with a smoking history of 30 years (20 cigarettes per day) was admitted to hospital because of more than one month's cough without sputum. No comorbidity was present. The preoperative examination showed: blood test normal, ECG normal, cardio-pulmonary function normal, chest computed tomography (CT) display @entity3948 ( @entity3948 ) mass of 5 cm diameter. Bronchoscopy examination and biopsy indicated @entity152 ( @entity152 ) in the take-off of @entity3948 bronchus. No metastatic focus was found after emission computed tomography (ECT) scan of whole body bone, abdominal US scanning and brain MR. After initial evaluation, the clinical stage before operation was cT2bN0M0 (IIA stage). A selective video-assisted @entity1514 surgery (VATS) operation was arranged after 9 days of smoking cessation. Lateral position, one 10 mm trocar for camera in the 7th intercostals space in the mid-auxiliary line, 4 cm trocar for operation in the 4th intercostal space in the anterior axillary line, 15 mm trocar for auxiliary operation in the 8th intercostal space in the scapula line, the @entity1 received VATS @entity3948 lobectomy, plus systemic mediastinal lymph nodes dissection. The procedure of 200 minutes operation was smooth with @entity190 of about 150 mL. Chest tube was removed 6 days after operation, and the @entity1 discharged 11 days after the operation; The post-operation pathological examination showed @entity3948 @entity152 , and the pathological stage was pT2bN0M0R0 (IIA stage). The @entity1 has received four cycles of EP adjuvant chemotherapy per 21 days and is still alive without disease recurrence and @entity3 after re-examination.

title: Video-assisted XXXX surgery right sleeve lobectomy.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3948 :: ('MESH:C538521', 'Disease') :: ['right upper lobe', 'RUL']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['LCNEC', 'large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a high tendency among specialists to treat the addicts with @entity836 ; withdrawal symptoms are frequent after taking @entity836 along with opioids. This study investigated the frequency of @entity2146 due to inappropriate use of @entity836 in addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Noor and Aliasghar hospitals in Isfahan city. The study population included the addicts who were agitated as a result of @entity836 abuse. Scores of @entity1 with @entity2146 were measured with Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). @entity1 outcomes including recovery without complications, recovery with complications ( @entity5925 ), and mortality were recorded. RESULTS: All the @entity1 with @entity2146 caused by @entity836 abuse during 1 year were 40 @entity1 , of whom nine were excluded due to their comorbid diseases ( @entity6 or @entity65 ). Among the remaining 31 @entity1 , 30 were male. The @entity1 ' mean age was 29.93 (5.24) years. The most common symptoms observed besides @entity2146 was midriasis (41.9%), and @entity391 (41.9%), A 38.8% of the @entity1 scored 3 or 4, and, 61.2% scored 1 or 2 for @entity2146 . The mean time for @entity1 ' restlessness scores to reach zero was 9.30 (3.71) h (min: 3 h, max: 18 h). All the @entity1 in both groups were discharged with recovery without complication. CONCLUSION: Considering the high prevalence of @entity2146 in the poisoning emergency department due to inappropriate use of @entity836 , more accurate planning for administration of @entity836 in addicts seems necessary.

title: The frequency of @entity2146 due to inappropriate use of XXXX in addicts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity836 :: (MESH:D009271,Chemical) :: ['naltrexone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a high tendency among specialists to treat the addicts with @entity836 ; withdrawal symptoms are frequent after taking @entity836 along with opioids. This study investigated the frequency of @entity2146 due to inappropriate use of @entity836 in addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Noor and Aliasghar hospitals in Isfahan city. The study population included the addicts who were agitated as a result of @entity836 abuse. Scores of @entity1 with @entity2146 were measured with Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). @entity1 outcomes including recovery without complications, recovery with complications ( @entity5925 ), and mortality were recorded. RESULTS: All the @entity1 with @entity2146 caused by @entity836 abuse during 1 year were 40 @entity1 , of whom nine were excluded due to their comorbid diseases ( @entity6 or @entity65 ). Among the remaining 31 @entity1 , 30 were male. The @entity1 ' mean age was 29.93 (5.24) years. The most common symptoms observed besides @entity2146 was midriasis (41.9%), and @entity391 (41.9%), A 38.8% of the @entity1 scored 3 or 4, and, 61.2% scored 1 or 2 for @entity2146 . The mean time for @entity1 ' restlessness scores to reach zero was 9.30 (3.71) h (min: 3 h, max: 18 h). All the @entity1 in both groups were discharged with recovery without complication. CONCLUSION: Considering the high prevalence of @entity2146 in the poisoning emergency department due to inappropriate use of @entity836 , more accurate planning for administration of @entity836 in addicts seems necessary.

title: The frequency of XXXX due to inappropriate use of @entity836 in addicts.

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictive values of ambulatory blood pressure-related parameters for moderate @entity8 in resistant @entity101 (RH). METHODS: The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 401 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity101 at our hospital from October 2010 to October 2013. They were divided into RH (n = 263) and non-RH (n = 138). The modified estimating equation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for Chinese @entity1 was used to assess renal functions. The standardization of moderate @entity8 was when GFR below 60 ml    min(-1)    1.73 m(-2). The ambulatory blood pressure-related parameters were obtained by 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The important prediction of these parameters for moderate @entity8 was accessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. And the related risk factors for @entity8 were tested by multiple stepwise Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), 24 h mean pulse pressure (24 hPP), sleeptime relative systolic blood pressure ( @entity13519 ) decline and 24 h systolic blood pressure (24 @entity13519 ) had important predictive values for moderate @entity8 in RH. GFR was significantly lower in those with AASI >=  0.485, 24 hPP >=  47.5 mmHg, sleeptime relative @entity13519 decline  <= -1.75% and 24 @entity13519 >=  130.5 mmHg (P < 0.05). Area under curve of ROC curve of AASI, 24 hPP, sleeptime relative @entity13519 decline and 24 @entity13519 were 0.804, 0.644, 0.602 and 0.623 respectively. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that AASI (OR 1 268.5, P = 0.000), low density lipoprotein (OR 0.7, P = 0.01) and sleeptime relative @entity13519 decline (OR 1.3, P = 0.01) were independent risk factors for GFR < 60 ml    min(-1)    1.73 m(-2) in RH. CONCLUSION: AASI, 24 hPP, sleeptime relative @entity13519 decline and 24 @entity13519 are the most significant ambulatory blood pressure-related parameters in predicting @entity8 in resistant @entity101 .

title: [Change of ambulatory blood pressure-related parameters for different levels of renal function in resistant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal function impairment', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The double-stapling technique using a circular stapler (CS) to create an end-to-end @entity254 is currently used widely in laparoscopic-assisted rectal surgery. However, a high rate of @entity177 has been reported. We report new side-to-side @entity254 creation using a CS, the so-called circular side stapling technique (CST). After excising the rectum at the oral and anal sides of the @entity5 with a linear stapler, a side-to-side colorectal @entity254 was made on the anterior wall of the rectosigmoid colon and the anterior or posterior wall of the rectum with a CS. Between 2012 and 2013, we recorded 30 serial cases of @entity188 that were treated with laparoscopic-assisted surgeries using this method. In the 30 cases, the mean age was 68    12 years, operating time was 288    80 minutes, and @entity190 was 66    67 mL. None of the @entity1 suffered from @entity254 leakage or postoperative @entity548 , and none complained of their stool habits. Three months after the last surgery in this cohort, no @entity254 strictures were reported. Based on these results, we propose an alternative method of side-to-side @entity254 for low anterior resection by using a CS to prevent staple overlap. Our experience indicates that the CST is easy and safe. Therefore, this method is a useful alternative to the current method used in laparoscopic surgery.

title: The Use of a Circular Side Stapling Technique in Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection for XXXX : Experience of 30 Serial Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic failure']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectal-sigmoid or rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The differential efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for @entity303 family caregivers' is analyzed through a randomized controlled trial. METHOD: @entity1 were 135 caregivers with high depressive symptomatology who were randomly allocated to the intervention conditions or a control group (CG). Pre-, postintervention, and follow-up measurements assessed depressive symptomatology, @entity148 , leisure, dysfunctional thoughts, and experiential avoidance. RESULTS: Depression: Significant effects of interventions compared with CG were found for CBT (p < .001, d = 0.98, number needed to treat [NNT] = 3.61) and ACT (p < .001, d = 1.17, NNT = 3.53) at postintervention, but were maintained only at follow-up for CBT (p = .02, d = 0.74, NNT = 9.71). Clinically significant change was observed in 26.7% @entity1 in CBT, 24.2% in ACT, and 0% in CG. At follow-up, 10.53% in CBT and 4% in ACT were recovered (0% CG). @entity148 : At postintervention, ACT @entity1 showed lower @entity148 than CBT @entity1 (p < .05, d = 0.50) and CG @entity1 (p < .01, d = 0.79, NNT = 3.86), with no effects at follow-up. At postintervention, 23.33% in CBT, 36.36% in ACT, and 6.45% in CG showed clinically significant change. At follow-up, 26.32% in CBT, 36% in ACT, and 13.64% in CG were recovered. Significant changes at postintervention were found in leisure and dysfunctional thoughts in both ACT and CBT, with changes in experiential avoidance only for ACT. CONCLUSION: Similar results were obtained for ACT and CBT. ACT seems to be a viable and effective treatment for @entity303 caregivers.

title: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for XXXX family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe treatment results in @entity1 with @entity320 ( @entity320 ) and to compare three different classification staging systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1988 to 2013, we performed a retrospective study of 20 @entity1 with @entity320 . The median age at diagnosis was 71 years. There were 10 males and 10 females. RESULTS: Nine @entity320 (45%) were originated in the ethmoidal sinus complex, four (20%) in the inferior turbinate, three (15%) in the nasal septum, two (10%) in the maxillary sinus, and two (10%) in the nasal vestibule. Local recurrence was diagnosed in eight @entity1 (40%), and six out of 20 @entity1 (30%) developed distant @entity3 during the course of their disease. The adjusted survival rates at three and five years were 47% and 34%, respectively. The adjusted three-year survival rate according to the sinonasal staging system 7th edition for SMM (TNM-SMM) was 60% in T3 stage, 50% in T4a stage, and 34% in T4b stage (p = 0.05). According to Thompson's staging system, survival was 33% for group one, 58% for group two, and 0% for group three (p = 0.006). With the sinonasal staging system 7th edition for @entity189 (TNM-CAR) survival was 33% in T1, 100% in T2 and T3, 0% in T4a, and 34% in T4b (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience confirms the distribution of @entity1 according to survival rates was better with the TNM-SMM than with Thompson's or the TNM-CAR systems.

title: XXXX and comparison of classification staging systems.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['SMMs', 'sinonasal mucosal melanomas', 'primary sinonasal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Management of sinonasal mucosal melanomas']


abstract: @entity38212 (NM) is an auto-oxidation by-product of @entity2922 synthesis which is observed almost exclusively in primates. We have estimated the distribution and the number of NM-positive neurons of the upper brainstem and the degree of their melanization from birth to the onset of senescence in 5 monkeys ( @entity5434 ) aged 0, 1.5, 3.5, 8 and 13 years. Series of sections taken at 640-microns intervals were examined either unstained to detect unstained NM, stained for NM with Masson @entity575 impregnation or processed by @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry to analyze catecholaminergic neurons. The proportion of NM-containing cells among TH-positive neurons varied from one catecholaminergic region to another: low in the @entity2339 and central gray substance (cgs); moderate in the cell group A8, and high in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra (SN). TH-positive neurons were detected in the SN, VTA, catecholaminergic cell group A8, LC, cgs and @entity2339 . At birth, although no unstained NM-positive neurons were detected, Masson-stained cells were observed, though only in the LC. At 1.5 and 3.5 years, Masson-positive neurons were observed despite the absence of visible pigment. At 8 and 13 years, unstained NM was present in Masson-positive neurons. The number of unstained NM-positive neurons and Masson-positive neurons and the amount of NM per neuron increased with age in each subregion studied. Nevertheless, some TH-positive neurons were found to be without NM. The data indicate a differential increased NM content with age in the neurons of midbrain catecholaminergic cell groups. However, its functional significance remains to be determined.

title: Neuromelanin accumulation with age in catecholaminergic neurons from XXXX brainstem.

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity38212 :: ('MESH:C014121', 'Chemical') :: ['Neuromelanin']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Macaca fascicularis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A mathematical model that describes the kinetics of @entity1486 measured in @entity1 who received therapeutic doses of radiation therapy is presented. The clinical implications of the model are also investigated. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 122 @entity1 treated at Stanford University between December 1985 and December 1990 were used. The general form of the model contains five parameters, two associated with a decreasing exponential, two with a rising exponential and one additional constant. A nonlinear steepest-descent procedure that minimized chi-squared was used to determine the parameters producing the best fit to a @entity1 's data. The correlation of the model parameters with clinical findings was investigated using standard statistical techniques including multivariate life-table and logistic regression. RESULTS: The data for all @entity1 could be fit with either a decreasing exponential with or without the additional constant (nonrelapsing pattern with two or three parameters) or with a decreasing plus rising exponential (relapsing pattern with three or four parameters). In no instance were all five parameters of the general model required to describe a @entity1 's data. Three of 61 @entity1 with nonrelapsing patterns experienced clinical relapse, whereas 36 of 61 @entity1 with relapsing patterns did. The logarithm of the initial @entity1486 level and the corresponding model parameter correlated with @entity5 and Gleason score. Among the @entity1 with relapsing patterns, the nadir in antigen level occurred within 2 years of the start of treatment and the time to nadir, as calculated from the model parameters, was associated with the probability of clinical relapse. In no instance was the rate of initial decline ever exceeded by the rate of subsequent rise. CONCLUSION: The model is capable of describing the kinetics of @entity1486 levels found in @entity1 after receiving radiation therapy. The parameters derived from the model are strong correlates with clinical findings and @entity1 outcome.

title: XXXX kinetics after external beam irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) may present with significant @entity79 of the orbital walls or cranial base. Although proptosis is fairly common, @entity129 are rarely reported. The objectives of this study are to describe strategies for @entity56 -induced @entity16 and evaluate ophthalmologic outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A retrospective review identified 9 @entity1 treated from 2008 to 2014 with @entity56 -induced @entity129 . Data regarding @entity1 demographics, preoperative imaging, ophthalmologic symptoms, surgical intervention, histopathologic findings, and postoperative sinonasal and ophthalmologic outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity56 (average age, 38 years) presented with @entity1781 or @entity2896 . Clinical presentation included unilateral @entity227 secondary to @entity2850 (n = 5), @entity892 from unilateral (n = 2) or bilateral (n = 1) @entity2896 , and @entity1805 secondary to optic chiasm compression (n = 1). On average, the duration of ocular symptoms was 17 days. All @entity1 underwent endoscopic surgical decompression of the sinuses and oral @entity134 therapy. Two individuals had an additional optic nerve decompression at the time of surgery. Seven @entity1 had complete return of nerve function, whereas 2 had partial recovery at an average of 5 weeks following surgery. CONCLUSION: Bone erosion of the sphenoid sinus walls by @entity56 can lead to compression of surrounding neural structures producing @entity129 . Identification of these symptoms and prompt surgical @entity66 , along with aggressive medical therapy, provided excellent outcomes in the current series of @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of Pressure-Induced XXXX from Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['decompression and removal of disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis', 'AFRS']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['Cranial Neuropathies']


abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as the treatment of choice for uncomplicated @entity2963 . Despite early concerns, many surgeons have applied this new technique to more complicated biliary tract disease states, including @entity788 . To evaluate the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in this setting, we retrospectively reviewed 29 @entity1 with clinical and laboratory evidence of @entity788 who underwent this procedure between March 1990 and December 1992. The severity of @entity788 was determined by Ranson's criteria. Two @entity1 had a Ranson's score of 6, one of 5, one of 4, five scored 3, nine scored 2, nine also scored 1, and two @entity1 scored 0. The mean serum amylase level on admission was 1,610 (range 148 to 7680). All @entity1 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the same hospital admission for @entity788 , with the mean time of operation being 5.5 days from admission. Operative time averaged 123 minutes (range 60-220 minutes). Intraoperative cholangiography was obtained in 76 per cent of @entity1 . Three @entity1 had @entity2877 on intraoperative cholangiography and were treated with choledochoscopy, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and saline flushing of the duct. The mean length of hospital stay was 11 days (range 5-32 days). There were seven postoperative complications requiring prolonged hospitalization with all but one treated non-operatively. One @entity1 with a preoperative Ranson score of 6 developed necrotizing @entity788 and subsequently required operative pancreatic debridement and drainage. There were no deaths in this series and no postoperative wound @entity281 . The average recovery period for return to work was 2 weeks. These statistics compare favorably with literature reports for open cholecystectomy in @entity788 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1.   Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD) is widely used for the treatment of @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity32 in clinic. In the present study, the comprehensive metabolic profile of HLJDD was demonstrated reliably and rapidly followed by the metabolic pathway analysis of six typical pure compounds (four alkaloids, one @entity3096 and one iridoid) in HLJDD using LC-IT-MS combined with high resolution LC-FT-ICR-MS. 2.   Totally, 85 compounds, including 32 prototype components and 53 biotransformed metabolites were detected and characterized in the urine and feces after oral administration of HLJDD and six pure compounds to @entity35 , respectively. Among them, 17 prototypes were identified definitely with standard references. 3.   Hydroxylation, demethylation and glucuronidation reactions of alkaloids, as well as glucuronidation and sulfonation reactions of @entity68346 and @entity3088 , were observed as the major metabolic pathways of HLJDD. @entity3088 , @entity68346 and their metabolites were mainly excreted from urine. However, amount of alkaloids were detected in feces. 4.   In general, the distinctive metabolic process of three kinds of representative components in HLJDD was clarified. The in vivo metabolic network of HLJDD was demonstrated. Meanwhile, the investigation of representative pure compounds in metabolic study provided a valuable strategy to elucidate the full-scale metabolic fate of HLJDD. This might be helpful to understand the in vivo mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

title: Metabolic fate analysis of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction in XXXX urine and feces by LC-IT-MS combining with LC-FT-ICR-MS: a feasible strategy for the metabolism study of Chinese medical formula.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation and neural system diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids', 'Flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of unique exposures, studies among farmers may yield insights into the relationship between @entity566 and @entity706 . We evaluated farm characteristics, @entity56 and conditions, and risk of @entity1893 including specific subtypes in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of farmers and spouses from North Carolina and Iowa. METHODS: We identified 710 incident cases of @entity1893 (including chronic @entity2214 and @entity1582 ) among 82,370 @entity1 with baseline data on crop and animal exposures, including 454 cases among 52,850 @entity1 with baseline data on @entity566 ( @entity2490 ) and living on a farm during childhood. HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted proportional hazards models. RESULTS: We observed reduced risks of @entity1893 among farmers and spouses with @entity2490 at baseline (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51-0.79), related to growing @entity1460 (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.96), and among farmers who handled stored grains or hay (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52-0.82). Growing up on a farm was associated with @entity1893 (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15-1.98). Results did not differ significantly by @entity1893 subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Both the reduced risk of @entity1893 among those with @entity566 and specific farm exposures in adulthood, and the increased risk among those who grew up on a farm suggest that the host immune response to agricultural allergens may influence @entity1893 development. IMPACT: This prospective study is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate the relationship between @entity566 and @entity1893 risk in farmers; confirmation of these findings in other farming populations is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(3); 587-94.   2015 AACR.

title: Farm characteristics, XXXX , and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms in the agricultural health study.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoid (NHL) neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['recent allergy symptoms', 'allergy symptoms', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'increased NHL risk']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular events occur most frequently in the morning hours. We prospectively studied the association between the morning blood pressure (BP) surge and @entity64 in elderly @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied @entity64 prognosis in 519 older @entity101 in whom ambulatory BP monitoring was performed and silent cerebral @entity1188 was assessed by brain MRI and who were followed up prospectively. The @entity551 ( @entity551 ) was calculated as follows: mean systolic BP during the 2 hours after awakening minus mean systolic BP during the 1 hour that included the lowest sleep BP. During an average duration of 41 months (range 1 to 68 months), 44 @entity64 events occurred. When the @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to @entity551 , those in the top decile ( @entity551 group; @entity551 > or =55 mm Hg, n=53) had a higher baseline prevalence of @entity1188 (57% versus 33%, P=0.001) and a higher @entity64 incidence (19% versus 7.3%, P=0.004) during the follow-up period than the others (non- @entity551 group; @entity551 <55 mm Hg, n=466). After they were matched for age and 24-hour BP, the relative risk of the @entity551 group versus the non- @entity551 group remained significant (relative risk=2.7, P=0.04). The @entity551 was associated with @entity64 events independently of 24-hour BP, nocturnal BP dipping status, and baseline prevalence of silent @entity1188 (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In older @entity101 , a higher @entity551 is associated with @entity64 risk independently of ambulatory BP, nocturnal BP falls, and silent @entity1188 . Reduction of the @entity551 could thus be a new therapeutic target for preventing target organ damage and subsequent cardiovascular events in @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'morning BP surge']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is well known for its high @entity5031 content and great resistance to environmental stress. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of @entity5031 biosynthesis in this annual oilseed crop. To gain greater insight into this mechanism, the transcriptome profiles of seeds at different developmental stages were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing. RESULTS: Sequencing of two normalized 454 libraries produced 831,632 clean reads. A total of 32,759 unigenes with an average length of 642  bp were obtained by de novo assembly, and 12,476 up-regulated and 12,390 down-regulated unigenes were identified in the 20 DAF (days after flowering) library compared with the 10 DAF library. Functional annotations showed that 220 genes annotated as @entity844 biosynthesis genes were up-regulated in 20 DAF sample. Among them, 47 candidate unigenes were characterized as responsible for @entity5204 synthesis. To verify unigene expression levels calculated from the transcriptome analysis results, quantitative real-time PCR was performed on 11 randomly selected genes from the 220 up-regulated genes; 10 showed consistency between qRT-PCR and 454 pyrosequencing results. CONCLUSIONS: Investigation of gene expression levels revealed 32,759 genes involved in seed development, many of which showed significant changes in the 20 DAF sample compared with the 10 DAF sample. Our 454 pyrosequencing data for the camelina transcriptome provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways of @entity5204 biosynthesis in camelina. The genes characterized in our research will provide candidate genes for the genetic modification of crops.

title: Mining and identification of XXXX synthesis genes active during camelina seed development using 454 pyrosequencing.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity5204 :: (CHEBI:26208,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 is the world's most prevalent @entity4002 . Accurate prediction of @entity311 outbreaks may lead to public health interventions that mitigate disease morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We describe an application of a method for creating prediction models utilizing Fuzzy Association Rule Mining to extract relationships between epidemiological, meteorological, climatic, and socio-economic data from Korea. These relationships are in the form of rules, from which the best set of rules is automatically chosen and forms a classifier. Two classifiers have been built and their results fused to become a @entity311 prediction model. Future @entity311 cases are predicted as LOW, MEDIUM or @entity9680 , where these classes are defined as a total of 0-2, 3-16, and above 17 cases, respectively, for a region in South Korea during a two-week period. Based on user recommendations, @entity9680 is considered an outbreak. RESULTS: Model accuracy is described by Positive Predictive Value ( @entity2286 ), Sensitivity, and F-score for each class, computed on test data not previously used to develop the model. For predictions made 7-8 weeks in advance, model @entity2286 and Sensitivity are 0.842 and 0.681, respectively, for the @entity9680 classes. The F0.5 and F3 scores (which combine @entity2286 and Sensitivity) are 0.804 and 0.694, respectively, for the @entity9680 classes. The overall FARM results (as measured by F-scores) are significantly better than those obtained by Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Holt-Winters methods for the @entity9680 class. For the MEDIUM class, Random Forest and FARM obtain comparable results, with FARM being better at F0.5, and Random Forest obtaining a higher F3. CONCLUSIONS: A previously described method for creating disease prediction models has been modified and extended to build models for predicting @entity311 . In addition, some new input variables were used, including indicators of intervention measures. The South Korea @entity311 prediction models predict LOW, MEDIUM or @entity9680 cases 7-8 weeks in the future. This paper demonstrates that our data driven approach can be used for the prediction of different diseases.

title: Fuzzy association rule mining and classification for the prediction of XXXX in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['vector-borne disease']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1547 is an infectious disease that can be prevented in several ways. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sodium fluoride mouthrinse and nano- hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) for the remineralization of incipient @entity1547 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining different concentrations of nano-HA (0-2-5-10%), 60 sound premolars fixed in acrylic blocks were coated with nail polish except for one surface. Ten teeth (control group) were stored in distilled water and the remaining 50 samples were demineralized by immersion in 13 ml of 0.1 M lactic acid and 0.2% poly acrylic acid for 48 hours. Their microhardness was then measured and compared to that of the control group. Next, the 50 test teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups of group1 (negative), group 2 (2% nano-HA), group 3 (5% nano-HA), group 4(10% nano-HA) and group 5 (0.2 @entity687 mouthrinse). The microhardness of the teeth was measured after 12 hours of immersion in the above-mentioned solutions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Microhardness of all samples decreased significantly after immersion in the demineralization solution and increased following immersion in nano-HA and @entity687 mouthrinses; however, this increase was not statistically significant (P=0.711). CONCLUSION: Nano-HA and @entity687 mouthrinses can greatly enhance remineralization and increase tooth microhardness.

title: Comparison of nano-hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride mouthrinse for remineralization of incipient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['caries', 'Dental caries']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['carious lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The plant Salvadora persica is used for oral hygiene in many parts of the world. It has been suggested that it has antibacterial properties, in addition to its ability to mechanically remove plaques. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of the herbal product Persica containing Salvadora persica against periodontopathogens @entity2523 and @entity3841 in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity2521 were recruited. Using paper points, @entity527 samples were taken from pockets with attachment loss >=  3mm. The samples were subjected to microbial culture to yield @entity2523 and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The ditch plate method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the bacteria to Persica compared to @entity1216 and distilled water. The growth inhibition zones of microorganisms around the ditches were measured in millimeters. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Freidman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test with Bonferroni adjustment were used for analysis of variance with 5% significance level. P<0.05 for main comparisons and P< 0.017 for multiple comparisons were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity2523 was sensitive to @entity1216 and persica. There was a significant difference (P=0.001) between antimicrobial activity of @entity1216 (mean 28.733mm, SD 5.216) and Persica (mean 16.333mm, SD 5.259) compared to water against @entity2523 . There was a significant difference (P< 0.001) between the antimicrobial activity of @entity1216 (24.045mm, SD 3.897) and Persica (0.545mm, SD 2.558) with respect to A. actinomycetemcomitans. There was no significant difference (P=0.317) between the antimicrobial activity of Persica and water against A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSION: The herbal product Persica had significant antimicrobial activity against @entity2523 and negligible antimicrobial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to 0.2% @entity1216 .

title: Antibacterial effect of an herbal product persica on XXXX and @entity3841 : an in-vitro study.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The plant Salvadora persica is used for oral hygiene in many parts of the world. It has been suggested that it has antibacterial properties, in addition to its ability to mechanically remove plaques. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of the herbal product Persica containing Salvadora persica against periodontopathogens @entity2523 and @entity3841 in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity2521 were recruited. Using paper points, @entity527 samples were taken from pockets with attachment loss >=  3mm. The samples were subjected to microbial culture to yield @entity2523 and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The ditch plate method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the bacteria to Persica compared to @entity1216 and distilled water. The growth inhibition zones of microorganisms around the ditches were measured in millimeters. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Freidman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test with Bonferroni adjustment were used for analysis of variance with 5% significance level. P<0.05 for main comparisons and P< 0.017 for multiple comparisons were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity2523 was sensitive to @entity1216 and persica. There was a significant difference (P=0.001) between antimicrobial activity of @entity1216 (mean 28.733mm, SD 5.216) and Persica (mean 16.333mm, SD 5.259) compared to water against @entity2523 . There was a significant difference (P< 0.001) between the antimicrobial activity of @entity1216 (24.045mm, SD 3.897) and Persica (0.545mm, SD 2.558) with respect to A. actinomycetemcomitans. There was no significant difference (P=0.317) between the antimicrobial activity of Persica and water against A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSION: The herbal product Persica had significant antimicrobial activity against @entity2523 and negligible antimicrobial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to 0.2% @entity1216 .

title: Antibacterial effect of an herbal product persica on @entity2523 and XXXX : an in-vitro study.

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: @entity5 of the genitourinary tract is a rare pathologic entity of hitherto unknown etiology that, because of the cellular pleomorphism and the infiltrative nature of the lesion, may be mistakenly diagnosed as @entity189 or @entity242 . We retrospectively studied nine pseudosarcomatous @entity5 involving the bladder and prostate to define characteristic parameters that may allow for accurate diagnosis. The study @entity1 included four @entity1 and five @entity1 with a mean age of 48.7 years. Histologic analysis revealed @entity75 with a proliferation of spindle fibroblastic cells in a background of granulation tissue-type vascularity and inflammatory cells. Mitoses were infrequent and no atypical forms were found. Immunostaining was positive for @entity2277 and smooth muscle actin, and negative for @entity4483 protein, @entity2283 , myoglobin, and keratin. Ultrastructurally, the lesion displayed fibroblastic and myofibroblastic cell features. Flow cytometric DNA content analysis revealed uniform DNA diploidy and a low S-phase fraction. All @entity1 were alive and well with no evidence of disease after a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. In contrast, the @entity189 and @entity242 of the @entity1494 and prostate that were used as controls occurred in older @entity1 and had more frequent mitoses with atypical forms, @entity39 , and different immunostaining profiles; they were preponderantly aneuploid or diploid with high S-phase fraction. Awareness of the clinicopathologic and biologic characteristics of these lesions is necessary to ensure their accurate diagnosis and to prevent unnecessary radical therapy.

title: @entity5 of the XXXX and prostate: immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and DNA flow cytometric analyses of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyxoid tumors', 'Pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-type necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'sarcomatoid carcinomas']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder']


abstract: @entity5 of the genitourinary tract is a rare pathologic entity of hitherto unknown etiology that, because of the cellular pleomorphism and the infiltrative nature of the lesion, may be mistakenly diagnosed as @entity189 or @entity242 . We retrospectively studied nine pseudosarcomatous @entity5 involving the bladder and prostate to define characteristic parameters that may allow for accurate diagnosis. The study @entity1 included four @entity1 and five @entity1 with a mean age of 48.7 years. Histologic analysis revealed @entity75 with a proliferation of spindle fibroblastic cells in a background of granulation tissue-type vascularity and inflammatory cells. Mitoses were infrequent and no atypical forms were found. Immunostaining was positive for @entity2277 and smooth muscle actin, and negative for @entity4483 protein, @entity2283 , myoglobin, and keratin. Ultrastructurally, the lesion displayed fibroblastic and myofibroblastic cell features. Flow cytometric DNA content analysis revealed uniform DNA diploidy and a low S-phase fraction. All @entity1 were alive and well with no evidence of disease after a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. In contrast, the @entity189 and @entity242 of the @entity1494 and prostate that were used as controls occurred in older @entity1 and had more frequent mitoses with atypical forms, @entity39 , and different immunostaining profiles; they were preponderantly aneuploid or diploid with high S-phase fraction. Awareness of the clinicopathologic and biologic characteristics of these lesions is necessary to ensure their accurate diagnosis and to prevent unnecessary radical therapy.

title: XXXX of the @entity1494 and prostate: immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and DNA flow cytometric analyses of nine cases.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thirteen proteins of natural rubber latex ( @entity15543 ) known to bind @entity1 IgE have been isolated and characterized as @entity4973 b allergens. However, the in vivo importance of native @entity4973 b allergens has not been defined in @entity283 ( @entity283 ) with natural rubber latex (NRL) @entity566 . OBJECTIVES: The principal aim of this study was to identify the major in vivo @entity4973 b allergens in @entity283 with NRL @entity566 confirmed by percutaneous sensitivity to nonammoniated latex (NAL). METHODS: Skin prick testing was performed with 7 (native) proteins purified from NAL ( @entity4973 b 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.01, 7.01, and a newly described @entity4973 b 13) and recombinant @entity4973 b 5 in 62 @entity283 with histories of NRL @entity566 (group 1) confirmed by percutaneous reactivity to NAL and in 49 @entity1097 without NRL @entity566 (group 2). Serial 10-fold concentrations of @entity4973 b proteins (5 x 10(-5) microg/mL to 50 microg/mL) were tested; serum samples of subjects were assayed for serum specific IgE by immunoassays. RESULTS: @entity4973 b 2, @entity4973 b 5, @entity4973 b 6.01, and @entity4973 b 13 produced skin reactions in more than 60% of group 1 subjects, with @entity4973 b 1, 3, 4, and 7.01 eliciting reactions in less than 50%. Only 1 of 49 group 2 workers reacted to a single Hev b antigen ( @entity4973 b 13). Specificity of 7 @entity4973 b allergens was 100% and 98% for @entity4973 b 13 in identifying workers with confirmed NRL @entity566 . Specific IgE by AlaSTAT and CAP immunoassays was elevated in 40 of 60 (67%) and 33 of 62 (53%) of NAL-reactive workers and produced false-positive test results in 4 of 49 (8%) and 3 of 48 (6%) group 2 subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity4973 b 2, 5, and 6.01 are major in vivo allergens and @entity4973 b 13 is a new major in vivo allergen among @entity283 with @entity566 to NRL.

title: In vivo sensitization to purified XXXX proteins in @entity283 sensitized to natural rubber latex.

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health care workers', 'HCWs']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic HCWs']

entities_list: @entity15543 :: ('3981', 'Species') :: ['Hevea brasiliensis']

answer: @entity15543 :: (3981,Species) :: ['Hevea brasiliensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thirteen proteins of natural rubber latex ( @entity15543 ) known to bind @entity1 IgE have been isolated and characterized as @entity4973 b allergens. However, the in vivo importance of native @entity4973 b allergens has not been defined in @entity283 ( @entity283 ) with natural rubber latex (NRL) @entity566 . OBJECTIVES: The principal aim of this study was to identify the major in vivo @entity4973 b allergens in @entity283 with NRL @entity566 confirmed by percutaneous sensitivity to nonammoniated latex (NAL). METHODS: Skin prick testing was performed with 7 (native) proteins purified from NAL ( @entity4973 b 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.01, 7.01, and a newly described @entity4973 b 13) and recombinant @entity4973 b 5 in 62 @entity283 with histories of NRL @entity566 (group 1) confirmed by percutaneous reactivity to NAL and in 49 @entity1097 without NRL @entity566 (group 2). Serial 10-fold concentrations of @entity4973 b proteins (5 x 10(-5) microg/mL to 50 microg/mL) were tested; serum samples of subjects were assayed for serum specific IgE by immunoassays. RESULTS: @entity4973 b 2, @entity4973 b 5, @entity4973 b 6.01, and @entity4973 b 13 produced skin reactions in more than 60% of group 1 subjects, with @entity4973 b 1, 3, 4, and 7.01 eliciting reactions in less than 50%. Only 1 of 49 group 2 workers reacted to a single Hev b antigen ( @entity4973 b 13). Specificity of 7 @entity4973 b allergens was 100% and 98% for @entity4973 b 13 in identifying workers with confirmed NRL @entity566 . Specific IgE by AlaSTAT and CAP immunoassays was elevated in 40 of 60 (67%) and 33 of 62 (53%) of NAL-reactive workers and produced false-positive test results in 4 of 49 (8%) and 3 of 48 (6%) group 2 subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity4973 b 2, 5, and 6.01 are major in vivo allergens and @entity4973 b 13 is a new major in vivo allergen among @entity283 with @entity566 to NRL.

title: In vivo sensitization to purified @entity15543 proteins in XXXX sensitized to natural rubber latex.

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['health care workers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the past, the diagnosis of chronic @entity24516 , an important cause of @entity294 in @entity1 with @entity791 , relied upon @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the light microscopic (LM) diagnosis of @entity24516 was determined. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive jejunal biopsies from @entity791 @entity1 were evaluated at St. Luke's-Roosevelt and George Washington University Hospital Centers by several light microscopic stains, including @entity1710 and @entity1711 , Gram stain, Giemsa stain, chromotrope 2R modified-trichrome stain, and Giemsa stain of mucosal touch preparations (TP). The results were compared to @entity1579 , as the gold standard, and to estimates of parasite burden from plastic section light microscopy and TP. RESULTS: @entity24516 was diagnosed by @entity1579 in 15 cases. The diagnosis also was reached by light microscopy in most cases. The sensitivities and negative predictive values of the different techniques ranged from 57% to 88%, while the specificities and positive predictive values ranged from 94% to 100%. All stains gave concordant results in 23 of 34 cases. The parasite burden was lower by @entity1579 (p < 0.05) and TP in cases with discordant (false-negative) results than in those with concordant results, suggesting that a false-negative diagnosis is related to a low parasite burden. CONCLUSION: It should be possible to render the diagnosis of @entity24516 by LM in most cases. @entity1579 may be needed for the minority of cases with low parasite burden.

title: Light microscopic diagnosis of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity24516 :: ('MESH:D016881', 'Disease') :: ['microsporidiosis', 'Microsporidiosis', 'intestinal microsporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity24516 :: (MESH:D016881,Disease) :: ['microsporidiosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the past, the diagnosis of chronic @entity24516 , an important cause of @entity294 in @entity1 with @entity791 , relied upon @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the light microscopic (LM) diagnosis of @entity24516 was determined. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive jejunal biopsies from @entity791 @entity1 were evaluated at St. Luke's-Roosevelt and George Washington University Hospital Centers by several light microscopic stains, including @entity1710 and @entity1711 , Gram stain, Giemsa stain, chromotrope 2R modified-trichrome stain, and Giemsa stain of mucosal touch preparations (TP). The results were compared to @entity1579 , as the gold standard, and to estimates of parasite burden from plastic section light microscopy and TP. RESULTS: @entity24516 was diagnosed by @entity1579 in 15 cases. The diagnosis also was reached by light microscopy in most cases. The sensitivities and negative predictive values of the different techniques ranged from 57% to 88%, while the specificities and positive predictive values ranged from 94% to 100%. All stains gave concordant results in 23 of 34 cases. The parasite burden was lower by @entity1579 (p < 0.05) and TP in cases with discordant (false-negative) results than in those with concordant results, suggesting that a false-negative diagnosis is related to a low parasite burden. CONCLUSION: It should be possible to render the diagnosis of @entity24516 by LM in most cases. @entity1579 may be needed for the minority of cases with low parasite burden.

title: Light microscopic diagnosis of @entity24516 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the past, the diagnosis of chronic @entity24516 , an important cause of @entity294 in @entity1 with @entity791 , relied upon @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the light microscopic (LM) diagnosis of @entity24516 was determined. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive jejunal biopsies from @entity791 @entity1 were evaluated at St. Luke's-Roosevelt and George Washington University Hospital Centers by several light microscopic stains, including @entity1710 and @entity1711 , Gram stain, Giemsa stain, chromotrope 2R modified-trichrome stain, and Giemsa stain of mucosal touch preparations (TP). The results were compared to @entity1579 , as the gold standard, and to estimates of parasite burden from plastic section light microscopy and TP. RESULTS: @entity24516 was diagnosed by @entity1579 in 15 cases. The diagnosis also was reached by light microscopy in most cases. The sensitivities and negative predictive values of the different techniques ranged from 57% to 88%, while the specificities and positive predictive values ranged from 94% to 100%. All stains gave concordant results in 23 of 34 cases. The parasite burden was lower by @entity1579 (p < 0.05) and TP in cases with discordant (false-negative) results than in those with concordant results, suggesting that a false-negative diagnosis is related to a low parasite burden. CONCLUSION: It should be possible to render the diagnosis of @entity24516 by LM in most cases. @entity1579 may be needed for the minority of cases with low parasite burden.

title: Light microscopic diagnosis of @entity24516 in XXXX with @entity791 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To study the long-term clinical course and outcomes of @entity716 , 8 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity716 were observed for more than 12 years (mean, 20 years). Retrospective examination was performed, particularly with respect to clinical features at each episode. The overall course of each case was classified as one of the following three types: Type I--"Recurrent @entity911 state" type. @entity1 frequently repeated acute transient @entity911 or dream-like states in a similar way, sometimes and/or for part of the episode accompanied by a floating @entity10963 state. Duration of @entity716 was short, persisting for a few days to about one month. Type II--" @entity13521 similar" type. After a long course of disease, the predominantly early middle-aged @entity1 (30- to 40 years-old) demonstrated fewer original characteristic features of acute @entity911 or dream-like states. Instead, @entity162 or @entity308 episodes tended to predominate. Duration of @entity716 exceeded the duration of type I episodes, to a maximum of about 3 months. Type III--"Appearance of residual state" type. After several episodes characterized by transient @entity911 state during middle age, residual states consisting of a slight @entity308 state, reduced spontaneity and flattening of emotions appear. These states become durable and the periodicity of the disease disappeared. We conclude that the core group of @entity716 @entity1 presents with @entity911 symptoms as a clinical feature of episodes, and with the recurrent @entity911 state type representing the long-term clinical course. "Shift to @entity13521 similar" and "appearance of residual state" types were considered to be derived from the core group, according to the interplay of personality structure and viable dynamics.

title: [Classification of long-term clinical course of ' XXXX ': a 20-year follow-up study at a medical school hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episode', 'atypical psychosis', 'psychotic episodes']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid-hallucinatory']

entities_list: @entity13521 :: ('MESH:C564108', 'Disease') :: ['manic-depressive illness', 'Manic-depressive illness']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['atypical psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Doping of size mismatched aliovalent ions is challenging due to the associated elastic and electronic stress making the thermodynamics unfavorable. Despite such features, its utilization may be viable if such systems can be made metastable by suppressing the kinetics of phase segregation. In light of such a possibility, we utilize sol-gel synthesis for preparing a size mismatched trivalent @entity17568 doped @entity11999 system, which can be potentially used in optical applications. It is found that such a doped system can be metastabilized and the extent of metastability can be correlated with critical temperature (Tc) required for phase segregation which decreases with the dopant concentration. For x = 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02, Tc is above 1200   C, 500-800   C and less than 500   C, respectively. As the synthesis temperature is 500   C, these trends in critical temperatures make it impossible to metastabilize @entity17568 in @entity11999 with x > 0.01. Doping is evident from X-ray diffraction data, excitation spectra, high resolution emission spectra, and luminescence lifetimes. A characteristic strong red emission of @entity27996 has been observed via energy transfer from the @entity11999 matrix to @entity27996 . Density functional theory based simulations suggest stabilization of @entity27996 in @entity11999 at lower doping concentration through the formation of cation vacancies which is also evident from optical studies. Furthermore, thin films deposited using the e-beam evaporation technique from the (x = 0.005) system show UV sensitized emission with CIE coordinates (0.26, 0.21).

title: Kinetically stabilized aliovalent XXXX -doped magnesium oxide as a UV sensitized phosphor.

answer: @entity17568 :: (MESH:D005063,Chemical) :: ['europium']


abstract: Highly purified astrocyte cultures from @entity1 embryonic brain were examined for their capacity to present antigen to human @entity4107 compatible, cytolytic @entity404 + T lymphocytes. Most astrocytes constitutively expressed HLA class I products and @entity7937 ( @entity7937 ). Constitutive expression of HLA class II, @entity1453 ( @entity1453 ) and @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) was lower and varied among different cultures, while @entity3138 ( @entity3138 ) was absent. @entity379 alone or in combination with @entity310 strongly enhanced expression of HLA class I, HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ, @entity1453 and @entity2071 , but did not affect expression of @entity3138 ( @entity3138 ) and @entity7937 ( @entity7937 ). @entity310 alone induced only HLA class I and @entity2071 , but not HLA class II or @entity1453 . Cytokine treated, but not untreated astrocytes were able to present protein (auto-)antigens to specific T lymphocyte lines. Astrocytes expressing appropriate major histocompatibility complex class II products were lysed by @entity404 + T cells specific for @entity2610 or @entity116 toxoid. The lytic response was antigen dose dependent and HLA-DR restricted. It could be blocked by antibodies against HLA-DR determinants and against the adhesion molecules @entity1453 and @entity2071 . In remarkable contrast to their susceptibility to T cell lysis, antigen presenting astrocytes were not only completely unable to induce T cell proliferation but even inhibited proliferation. The results indicate that, although @entity1 astrocytes have the potential to present protein antigens to @entity404 + T cells, they do not induce the co-stimulatory factors required to trigger the complete T cell activation programme.

title: XXXX astrocytes are only partially competent antigen presenting cells. Possible implications for lesion development in multiple sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity3136 is one of the major @entity137 caused by @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) treatments to the head and neck. The clinical efficacy of @entity5418 (Carafate R) mouthwash for @entity135 @entity1 (HNC) is not consistent across studies. In this study, it was hypothesized that if the particles in the original @entity5418 suspension were micronized (i.e., < or = 25 microns) then the coating action of the mouthwash in the @entity1697 would be enhanced. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of micronized @entity5418 (Carafate R) mouthwash and salt _ soda mouthwash in terms of the severity of the @entity33 , the severity of @entity158 , and the time required to heal @entity1161 -induced @entity33 in @entity1 with HNC. Severe @entity33 and @entity158 can interfere with the ingestion of food and fluids, so @entity1 ' body weights were measured as well. All @entity1 in this randomized clinical trial carried out a systematic oral hygiene protocol called the PRO-SELF: Mouth Aware (PSMA) Program. @entity1 who developed @entity1161 -induced @entity33 anytime during their course of @entity1161 were randomized to one of the two mouthwashes and followed to the completion of @entity1161 and at one month following @entity1161 . Two referral sites were used for the study. Repeated measures occurred with the following instruments/variables: MacDibbs Mouth Assessment and weight. @entity66 , and @entity5 treatment information was also obtained. Thirty @entity1 successfully completed the study. The typical @entity1 was male (70%), married/partnered (70%), White (63%), not working or retired (73%), and had an average of 14.5 years of education (SD = 3.7). T-tests and Chi-square analyses with an alpha set at 0.05 were used to compare differences between the two mouthwashes. No significant differences were found in the number of days to onset of @entity33 (i.e., 16 +/- 8.4 days). When @entity1 had their worst MacDibbs score, (i.e., the most severe @entity33 ), there were no significant differences between the mouthwashes as to MacDibbs score, the @entity1161 dose received, or ratings of @entity158 (upon swallowing). Similarly, at the end of @entity1161 , no significant differences were found between mouthwashes as to MacDibbs scores or ratings of @entity158 (upon swallowing). At the one-month follow-up assessment no significant differences were found between the mouthwashes in MacDibbs scores or @entity158 ratings (upon swallowing). The analysis of the efficacy of the two mouthwashes revealed no significant differences in the time to heal (in days) from the @entity1161 -induced @entity33 . The findings from this trial provide important clinical information regarding cost analysis of @entity3137 management. Given that there is no significant difference in efficacy between micronized @entity5418 and salt _ soda, use of the less costly salt _ soda is prudent and cost-effective.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX : a randomized clinical trial of micronized @entity5418 versus salt _ soda mouthwashes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic, disease']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis-related pain', 'related pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['RT mucositis']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: @entity3136 is one of the major @entity137 caused by @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) treatments to the head and neck. The clinical efficacy of @entity5418 (Carafate R) mouthwash for @entity135 @entity1 (HNC) is not consistent across studies. In this study, it was hypothesized that if the particles in the original @entity5418 suspension were micronized (i.e., < or = 25 microns) then the coating action of the mouthwash in the @entity1697 would be enhanced. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of micronized @entity5418 (Carafate R) mouthwash and salt _ soda mouthwash in terms of the severity of the @entity33 , the severity of @entity158 , and the time required to heal @entity1161 -induced @entity33 in @entity1 with HNC. Severe @entity33 and @entity158 can interfere with the ingestion of food and fluids, so @entity1 ' body weights were measured as well. All @entity1 in this randomized clinical trial carried out a systematic oral hygiene protocol called the PRO-SELF: Mouth Aware (PSMA) Program. @entity1 who developed @entity1161 -induced @entity33 anytime during their course of @entity1161 were randomized to one of the two mouthwashes and followed to the completion of @entity1161 and at one month following @entity1161 . Two referral sites were used for the study. Repeated measures occurred with the following instruments/variables: MacDibbs Mouth Assessment and weight. @entity66 , and @entity5 treatment information was also obtained. Thirty @entity1 successfully completed the study. The typical @entity1 was male (70%), married/partnered (70%), White (63%), not working or retired (73%), and had an average of 14.5 years of education (SD = 3.7). T-tests and Chi-square analyses with an alpha set at 0.05 were used to compare differences between the two mouthwashes. No significant differences were found in the number of days to onset of @entity33 (i.e., 16 +/- 8.4 days). When @entity1 had their worst MacDibbs score, (i.e., the most severe @entity33 ), there were no significant differences between the mouthwashes as to MacDibbs score, the @entity1161 dose received, or ratings of @entity158 (upon swallowing). Similarly, at the end of @entity1161 , no significant differences were found between mouthwashes as to MacDibbs scores or ratings of @entity158 (upon swallowing). At the one-month follow-up assessment no significant differences were found between the mouthwashes in MacDibbs scores or @entity158 ratings (upon swallowing). The analysis of the efficacy of the two mouthwashes revealed no significant differences in the time to heal (in days) from the @entity1161 -induced @entity33 . The findings from this trial provide important clinical information regarding cost analysis of @entity3137 management. Given that there is no significant difference in efficacy between micronized @entity5418 and salt _ soda, use of the less costly salt _ soda is prudent and cost-effective.

title: Radiation-induced @entity33 : a randomized clinical trial of micronized XXXX versus salt _ soda mouthwashes.

answer: @entity5418 :: (MESH:D013392,Chemical) :: ['sucralfate']


abstract: A high performance liquid chromatographic method with quaternary gradient elution and fluorometric detection was developed for profiling of @entity2340 (TRP), @entity2476 , @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) in urine, platelet-rich plasma and ( @entity5 ) tissue of @entity1 with @entity5 . Prior to injection, urine samples were diluted and filtered. Platelet-rich plasma and tissue homogenates were prepurified by C18 solid phase extraction. Detection limits were approx. 2 pmol. Results of urinary @entity750 and @entity5581 compared favourably with those of single component analyses. No consistent diurnal variations were found for TRP, @entity750 and @entity5581 in 12-h urine samples from 15 healthy adults. Abstinence of @entity750 -rich foods reduced urinary levels of @entity750 and @entity5581 . C18 extraction of @entity27329 from protein-containing matrices was studied in platelet-rich plasma. Although time-consuming and complicated for daily routine use, the present approach offers particular advantages over single component analyses in the study of TRP metabolism in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: High performance liquid chromatographic profiling of XXXX and related indoles in body fluids and tissues of carcinoid @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: A high performance liquid chromatographic method with quaternary gradient elution and fluorometric detection was developed for profiling of @entity2340 (TRP), @entity2476 , @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) in urine, platelet-rich plasma and ( @entity5 ) tissue of @entity1 with @entity5 . Prior to injection, urine samples were diluted and filtered. Platelet-rich plasma and tissue homogenates were prepurified by C18 solid phase extraction. Detection limits were approx. 2 pmol. Results of urinary @entity750 and @entity5581 compared favourably with those of single component analyses. No consistent diurnal variations were found for TRP, @entity750 and @entity5581 in 12-h urine samples from 15 healthy adults. Abstinence of @entity750 -rich foods reduced urinary levels of @entity750 and @entity5581 . C18 extraction of @entity27329 from protein-containing matrices was studied in platelet-rich plasma. Although time-consuming and complicated for daily routine use, the present approach offers particular advantages over single component analyses in the study of TRP metabolism in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: High performance liquid chromatographic profiling of @entity2340 and related indoles in body fluids and tissues of carcinoid XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the barriers that make it difficult for the health care professionals (physicians, nurses and health care managers) to achieve a better control for @entity2299 in Spain. METHODS: The study has an observational design and was performed using the modified Delphi technique. One hundred and forty-nine panel members from medicine, nursing and health care management fields and from different Spanish regions were selected randomly and were invited to participate. Individual and anonymous opinions were asked by answering a 42-items questionnaire via e-mail (two rounds were done). Level of agreement was assessed using measures of central tendency and dispersion. We analysed commonalities/differences between the three groups (Kappa index and McNemar chi-square). RESULTS: Response rate: 81%. The agreement index was 33.3 (95% CI: 18.9-47.7). Regarding the non-compliance with therapy, it improves with @entity1 education degree in @entity2299 , @entity1 motivation, the agreement on decisions with the @entity1 and with the use of cardiovascular risk measure and it gets worse with lack of information on the objectives to achieve. Clinical inertia improves with professional's motivation, cardiovascular risk calculation, training on objectives and the use of indicators and it gets worse with lack of treatment goals. CONCLUSION: Different perceptions and attitudes between medicine, nursing and health care management were found. An agreement in interventions in non-compliance and clinical inertia to @entity2299 control was reached.

title: Identifying the barriers to improve the XXXX control: a Delphi survey of a multidisciplinary panel.

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'improve dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']