abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity137 and activity of @entity2816 in @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity1358 and to measure changes of one angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 )165, with therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 29 @entity1 were enrolled on a study of @entity2816 using an intra- @entity1 dose escalation schedule. @entity1 began @entity2816 at 400 mg/d and escalated as tolerated to 1200 mg/d by day 54. Fifty-nine per cent of @entity1 had had previous therapy with @entity1199 and 52% were performance status 2 or 3. Systemic plasma @entity1655 levels were measured by dual monoclonal ELISA in 8 @entity1 . RESULTS: 24 @entity1 were evaluable for response with one partial response of 11 months duration of a @entity1 with hepatic and pulmonary metastases (4%), one minor response, and 2 @entity1 stable for over 6 months. @entity2147 and @entity1142 were prominent @entity137 and most @entity1 could not tolerate the 1200 mg/day dose level. Systemic plasma @entity1655 levels did not change with therapy. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a low level of activity of @entity2816 in @entity1358 . Administration of doses over 800 mg/day was difficult to achieve in this @entity1 population, however lower doses were practical. The dose-response relationship, if any, of @entity2816 for @entity1358 is unclear.

title: A phase II study of @entity2816 in advanced metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The proposal deals with: stage I of @entity0 following mastectomy, and stage II up to T2a, N1a, MO following mastectomy with exenteration of the axilla. The mammary glands can be safely surgically removed whole without any unacceptably serious effect on the rest of the organism (naturally apart from the mental @entity130 , post-operation stress and the accompanying transitory drop in immunological function). The treatment proposed here consists of the timely and strict sequence of several procedures: I. The @entity1 , following a bilateral mastectomy, is immunized intradermally with a homogenate of dissection tissue from an allogeneic breast with Freund's adjuvant in order to achieve active specific sensitization of the lymphocytes and macrophages. II. The @entity1 is given adoptive transfusions of blood obtained from male donors, who are previously immunized by homogenate from allogeneic breast tissue (but not from the @entity1 's own breast). After achieving lymphocyte sensitization in all donors, blood transfusions are administered to the @entity1 , one by one in a precise time sequence. III. The @entity1 receives final immunological treatment in the form of indirect immunocytotoxicity and also of crossed organospecific reactivity with the serum of any suitable male bird previously immunized with homogenate from the mammary gland of the right @entity1 . IV. The procedure is terminated with pyrotherapy. V. Continuous non-specific auxiliary somatic and psychological treatments.

title: Proposal for treatment of cancer micrometastases, in particular of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammal', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Using microtechniques, total removal of @entity5513 with @entity2103 is possible today in most cases. The next barrier of operative treatment is hearing preservation which is routinely attempted, with the help of intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked responses monitoring. The present series deals with 176 operations performed sub-occipitally in 159 @entity1 from 1970 up to 1985. Twelve @entity1 were operated upon 29 times. According to the W.T. Koos classification, there were 16 type II, 39 type III and 121 type IV @entity2950 . Ten @entity1 died postoperatively. In seven of these, death was related to surgery, in two it was caused by @entity1576 . In the last @entity1 unexplained @entity944 occurred. 169 @entity1 had no facial weakness preoperatively, in 158 of these the facial nerve was anatomically preserved (93.5%). @entity2103 was judged by evaluation of function of face at least 12 months after operation. Up to 36 months after surgery, a good facial result may be expected in cases where the facial nerve was macroscopically spared at completion of removal. Functional results have been reviewed in 151 @entity1 according to the J.W. House's International Evaluation System, with an excellent or good result in 66 (44%), fair in 65 (43%), bad or poor in 20 (13%). The anatomical preservation of the cochlear nerve could be achieved in 80 @entity1 of the group of 169 in whom the auditory function had not been damaged by a previous operation. In fact, the auditory function preservation could be reasonably attempted in 79 @entity1 : showing a @entity393 below 70 dB on tone audiometry, whatever may be the result of speech discrimination score. 59 @entity1 (75%) of this later group had their auditory nerve preserved, 14 (18%) showed preserved hearing function postoperatively, 10 of these with a speech discrimination score over 50%. Two of these showed an improvement of preoperative hearing, two others showed a total recovery of hearing function after removal.

title: [Complete excision of XXXX . Preservation of the facial nerve and hearing].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve preservation', 'Facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinoma']


abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity880 concentration is known to increase during the acute phase after severe @entity542 . To determine the influence of glycemia or @entity2806 on this @entity880 increase, we studied 69 head-injured @entity1 aged 28.7 +/- 15.4 (SD) years with a mean Glasgow coma score of 5.7 +/- 1.7 (SD). They were intubated, paralyzed, and artificially respired. We measured @entity880 and @entity413 concentrations in ventricular CSF (VCSF), arterial blood, and jugular bulb blood for 5 days. Samples were obtained within 12 hours after injury and at regular 12-hour intervals. These @entity1 were not treated for hypo- or @entity4854 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was also measured within 12 hours and at 12- to 48-hour intervals. @entity4854 was found consistently within 12 hours after injury (224 +/- 98 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), and mild @entity4854 persisted during the entire period of study. The VCSF @entity413 course was parallel to that in blood (the initial VCSF @entity413 value was 128 +/- 37 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). The blood @entity880 value was also elevated during the first 12 hours (4.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001), normalizing within 24 to 36 hours. The VCSF @entity880 course was independent from that of the blood @entity880 value. It was significantly elevated within 12 hours after injury (5.3 +/- 2.6 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001) and remained so during the 5 days of study. A high initial VCSF @entity413 value was associated with a high initial VCSF @entity880 value. However, a high VCSF @entity880 concentration was present even when the @entity413 value was close to the normal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX , cerebrospinal fluid lactic acidosis, and cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity880 concentration is known to increase during the acute phase after severe @entity542 . To determine the influence of glycemia or @entity2806 on this @entity880 increase, we studied 69 head-injured @entity1 aged 28.7 +/- 15.4 (SD) years with a mean Glasgow coma score of 5.7 +/- 1.7 (SD). They were intubated, paralyzed, and artificially respired. We measured @entity880 and @entity413 concentrations in ventricular CSF (VCSF), arterial blood, and jugular bulb blood for 5 days. Samples were obtained within 12 hours after injury and at regular 12-hour intervals. These @entity1 were not treated for hypo- or @entity4854 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was also measured within 12 hours and at 12- to 48-hour intervals. @entity4854 was found consistently within 12 hours after injury (224 +/- 98 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), and mild @entity4854 persisted during the entire period of study. The VCSF @entity413 course was parallel to that in blood (the initial VCSF @entity413 value was 128 +/- 37 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). The blood @entity880 value was also elevated during the first 12 hours (4.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001), normalizing within 24 to 36 hours. The VCSF @entity880 course was independent from that of the blood @entity880 value. It was significantly elevated within 12 hours after injury (5.3 +/- 2.6 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001) and remained so during the 5 days of study. A high initial VCSF @entity413 value was associated with a high initial VCSF @entity880 value. However, a high VCSF @entity880 concentration was present even when the @entity413 value was close to the normal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity4854 , cerebrospinal fluid lactic acidosis, and cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The ideal surgical treatment for @entity420 is still controversial. Out of 168 consecutive @entity1 resected in a 10-year period, 98 underwent esophagogastric resection (EGR) and 70 @entity2910 ( @entity2910 ). Early and long-term results were compared in order to define specific indications for both surgical procedures. Abdominal nodes were metastatic in 62% of the cases; mediastinal nodes were metastatic in 20.3% of 138 thoracotomized @entity1 . Neoplastic permeation of the section margin occurred in 4.7% of the @entity1 . No positive section margins were found in the cases with 10 cm or more of uninvolved esophagus resected. The superiority of the thoracoabdominal approach was therefore evident in terms of oncologic radicality. @entity834 occurred in 13.3% of EGR and in 7.1% of @entity2910 @entity1 . No correlation between the stage of the @entity5 or the neoplastic permeation of the section margin and the incidence of leak was found. Operative mortality was 7.1% after EGR and 10% after @entity2910 , which may suggest that EGR is the procedure of choice in poor-risk and elderly @entity1 . Loco-regional or systemic neoplastic recurrence was responsible for long-term mortality in 70% of the cases. Anastomotic recurrence was found in 12.2% of EGR @entity1 and in 1.4% of @entity2910 @entity1 . Overall five-year survival was 19.1%. Mean survival was 29.5 months, 30 after EGR and 27 after @entity2910 (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : the choice of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakages']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['total gastrectomy with esophageal resection', 'TGER']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cardia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the cardia']


abstract: To determine bronchial reactivity patterns, 400 subjects, 5 to 21 yr of age, underwent a @entity2710 challenge in a Natural History of Asthma study. The diagnosis of @entity565 or @entity566 was based on a respiratory questionnaire. Subjects were nonsmokers and had had no @entity1729 for 1 month. Intradermal skin tests were done. The @entity2710 challenge response was expressed as the area beneath the dose-response curve (Area 35). Fifty-five asthmatics, 113 normal subjects from normal families, 103 normal subjects from @entity565 families, 60 normal twins, and 69 allergic subjects without @entity565 were studied. Overall, 52% of nonasthmatics and 47% of nonallergic subjects had an Area 35 less than 4,000 (800 breath units). There was a difference (p less than 0.05) in the distribution of @entity2710 Area 35 responses in normal subjects from that in normal families compared with normal subjects from @entity565 families. The age of the nonasthmatic subjects had an influence on the degree of bronchial reactivity. @entity2710 challenge studies in pediatric @entity1 must be interpreted with age, personal @entity159 , and family @entity565 history in mind.

title: XXXX inhalation challenge studies in a selected pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine', 'Methacholine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['atopic status']

answer: @entity2710 :: (MESH:D016210,Chemical) :: ['Methacholine']


abstract: The effects of @entity462 modification and variations in pH on the equilibrium parameters for inducer and operator binding to the @entity1132 repressor protein were examined. Operator binding affinity was minimally affected by increasing the pH from 7.5 to 9.2, whereas inducer binding was decreased for both the unliganded protein and the repressor-operator complex over the same range. Inducer binding to the repressor became more cooperative at high pH. The midpoint for the change in inducer affinity and cooperativity was pH 8.3; this value correlates well with @entity462 ionization. The differential between repressor-operator affinity in the presence and absence of inducer was significantly decreased by modification of the protein with @entity10109 ( @entity10109 ). In contrast to unreacted protein, the inducer binding parameters for @entity10109 -modified repressor were largely unaffected by pH variation. The free energy for formation of the completely liganded protein was calculated for two pathways; the delta G values for these two independent routes were equivalent only for stoichiometries of four inducers and two operators per repressor molecule. All of the binding data were analyzed quantitatively by using a Monod-Wyman-Changeux two-state model for allosteric regulation. The observed dependences of the @entity8507 binding curves on pH, DNA concentration, and @entity10109 modification were fitted by varying only the equilibrium constant between the two conformational states of the protein. With this analysis, high pH favors the T (high operator/low inducer affinity) state, while modification of @entity462 -281 with @entity10109 elicits a shift into the R (high inducer/low operator affinity) state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Allosteric regulation of inducer and operator binding to the XXXX repressor.

entities_list: @entity8507 :: ('CHEBI:61448', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside']

entities_list: @entity10109 :: ('MESH:C014674', 'Chemical') :: ['MMTS', 'methyl methanethiosulfonate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

answer: @entity1132 :: (MESH:D007785,Chemical) :: ['lactose']


abstract: Of multiple etiologies for pure @entity997 , the causes may be divided into those associated with anatomically abnormal and anatomically normal tricuspid valves. Conditions associated with anatomically abnormal valves include @entity627 , floppy, @entity4924 , @entity4303 , @entity884 , @entity121 , and other rarer causes such as radiation, @entity5441 , and @entity18032 . Conditions associated with anatomically normal tricuspid valves include multiple causes of @entity3618 ( @entity1030 , @entity120 , and @entity120 due to @entity4794 ). Of 45 necropsy @entity1 with clinically documented pure @entity997 , conditions producing @entity120 ( @entity3618 , @entity4794 ) were the most frequent etiology (47 percent), followed by floppy (16 percent), @entity627 (11 percent), @entity1000 (9 percent), @entity4924 (7 percent), and miscellaneous conditions (10 percent). Of multiple causes of pure @entity339 , @entity1145 and leaflet area are useful measurements in establishing etiology: dilated anuli (greater than 12 cm) are associated with @entity4924 , floppy valves, and multiple causes of @entity120 . Increased leaflet areas are associated with floppy valves and @entity4924 . Anular insertion site separates floppy tricuspid valves from @entity4924 . Of 21 purely regurgitant operatively-excised tricuspid valves, the etiologies were: @entity627 (43 percent), "functional" due to @entity120 from @entity4794 (38 percent), @entity4924 (9 percent), @entity884 (5 percent), and floppy (5 percent). In contrast to etiology of pure @entity339 , @entity627 is the leading cause for operative excision of purely regurgitant tricuspid valves. @entity551 and tricuspid valve morphology disclosed that pulmonary arterial pressures greater than or equal to 55 mm Hg and tricuspid valve anuli greater than 12 cm were associated with anatomically normal tricuspid valves and that pulmonary arterial pressures less than or equal to 40 mm Hg and tricuspid anuli less than 12 cm were associated with anatomically abnormal tricuspid valves.

title: Etiology of pure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic', 'rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve anular circumference']

entities_list: @entity18032 :: ('MESH:D004719', 'Disease') :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Comparison of systolic pulmonary arterial pressures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: Duration of disease is the major susceptibility factor for @entity455 . @entity455 does not occur without the metabolic abnormality of @entity6 and there is much circumstantial evidence to implicate poor @entity6 control in its pathogenesis. The rate of development and severity of complications, however, are variable even in @entity1 with apparently similar control and about 25% of @entity6 will never develop clinical evidence of @entity455 . Studies of identical twins suggest a genetic component in the pathogenesis of @entity989 in @entity2175 , and less so in @entity1723 , but increased capillary basement membrane thickness does not occur in the non- @entity6 identical co-twins of insulin dependent @entity6 . There may also be genetic heterogeneity not only of @entity6 , but also of its complications, although for a given type of @entity6 the prevalence of @entity455 is often very similar in different racial groups. Associations between several different HLA molecules (particularly @entity4107 ) and @entity455 in @entity1723 have been reported but not consistently confirmed. Recently the finding of an increased frequency of the B3 allotype of the fourth component of complement @entity9199 in subjects with @entity989 has suggested that there is an HLA linked association. Both complement and the immunoglobulins are concerned with humoral immunity and the report of an association between a phenotype of the IgG heavy chain markers on chromosome 14 and @entity989 is of particular interest. These associations appear to be additive but independent. These reports need confirmation but provide the best evidence we have for an immunogenetic component (HLA and non-HLA linked) of the aetiology of @entity455 , at least in @entity1723 . The studies of identical twins, HLA and Gm associations provide good evidence that genetic factors are involved in susceptibility to @entity455 , at least in some @entity6 , although the most relevant genes may not have been identified. Searches for better genetic markers must continue in order to identify those @entity1 at increased risk of developing @entity455 .

title: The genetics of XXXX complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy', 'Microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation is useful in AML. Results of chemotherapy and transplantation are compared in Table 4. Transplantation is the preferred treatment in individuals who fail chemotherapy. Transplantation is also likely to be superior or comparable to chemotherapy in individuals less than 30 years of age in first remission. Transplantation in older individuals in first remission is controversial, but it is unlikely that these results are inferior to results with chemotherapy. Transplants from donors other than HLA-identical siblings are less well investigated but may be a reasonable alternative in young individuals in first relapse or second remission, particularly if recipient and donor share most HLA antigens. Autotransplants are difficult to evaluate critically and should be considered investigational in individuals in second or later remission for whom a suitable donor is unavailable. Autotransplants in first remission should be restricted to controlled clinical trials, since their efficacy is otherwise inevaluable. It is uncertain whether in vitro treatment of the bone marrow is necessary in the context of autotransplantation; again, controlled trials are required. Bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling is a useful therapy in individuals with @entity981 who relapse despite chemotherapy. Individuals undergoing transplantation in second or later remission or in relapse have a survival rate superior to those treated with chemotherapy; these data are summarized in Table 5. One important unresolved issue in @entity981 is whether @entity1 with high-risk @entity981 and adults should receive transplants in first remission. This answer will, to a considerable extent, depend on results achieved with chemotherapy alone. If intensive chemotherapy produces 50-70% disease-free survival in these individuals, it is unlikely that transplantation will be superior. If, however, alternative chemotherapy results are inferior, transplantation may be useful. Clearly, controlled clinical trials are needed. Results of transplants from donors other than HLA-identical siblings are less certain but this approach may be considered in selected young individuals who fail chemotherapy. Autotransplants should also be considered in this setting but not in individuals in first remission. It is likewise uncertain if in vitro treatment of the bone marrow is useful; this must be addressed in controlled trials. The data reviewed indicate an important role for bone marrow transplantation in the therapy of the @entity1778 . We have attempted to precisely define its use in various disease states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Bone marrow transplantation in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemias']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate at a population level whether @entity101 is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and to verify whether or not this is true for both genders at any age. METHODS: This population-based, long-lasting, prospective study includes a 14-year mortality (institutional epidemiology in primary care). Unselected, unbiased subjects (5185) aged 22 to 95 years were recruited from the Italian general population, and divided into normotensive (<140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure [BP] and <90 mm Hg diastolic BP and untreated) and @entity101 groups. The main aim was to identify the significant predictors of mortality due to @entity64 , @entity453 , @entity712 , and @entity1151 , and to quantify the age-adjusted relative risk of @entity101 in @entity1 and @entity1 , at different age classes (<70, 70 to 79, >or =80 years) for each mortality cause. The analysis was repeated among 1091 normotensive and 1091 @entity101 age-matched subjects to clean statistics from the effects of age. RESULTS: There were 846 cardiovascular deaths, 178 due to @entity64 , 273 to @entity301 , 351 to @entity712 , and 44 to @entity1151 . @entity101 predicted @entity64 mortality, but not that due to other causes. This prediction was only significant in @entity1 , not in @entity1 . No prediction was possible after the age of 80 years. Age-matching increased the significance level of @entity64 mortality prediction in @entity1 aged <80 years; in these @entity1 , systolic BP predicted @entity64 mortality directly and diastolic inversely. CONCLUSIONS; In this population, @entity101 predicted @entity64 mortality in @entity1 aged <80 years. High systolic and low diastolic BP were predictive of @entity64 mortality, confirming a prognostic role for high pulse pressure.

title: Arterial XXXX and mortality in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'only stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein (a) is suggested to cause @entity409 , alteration of elastic arterial properties, and decreased arterial compliance. We investigated the relation of arterial compliance and lipoprotein (a) serum [ @entity3452 ] levels in @entity1 with @entity731 . METHODS: Prospective study included 118 consecutive @entity1 with @entity731 . Noninvasive computerized pulse wave analysis was used to measure large and small artery elasticity indices in a nondiseased vessel area. Compliance parameters were correlated to @entity3452 levels. Stratified and multivariate analyses were performed to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS: Small artery elasticity index was inversely correlated with @entity3452 serum levels (r = -0.64, P <.001). The association between @entity3452 and small artery elasticity index remained significant adjusting for age, sex, @entity6 , smoking, @entity407 , and lipid-lowering medication (r = -0.37, P <.0001). @entity3452 accounted for approximately 60% of the variation of small artery compliance in nondiabetic @entity1 (n = 80) (r = -0.76, P <.0001), in @entity6 @entity1 (n = 38) no significant correlation between @entity3452 and small artery compliance was observed (r = -0.27, P =.09). No correlation was found between large artery elasticity index and @entity3452 . CONCLUSIONS: Small artery compliance was negatively correlated to @entity3452 in nondiabetic @entity1 with @entity731 . Increased @entity3452 serum levels might cause @entity409 measurable by decreased small artery elasticity index in these @entity1 . Elastic properties of @entity6 vessels were not directly related to @entity3452 serum levels.

title: Relation of small artery compliance and lipoprotein (a) in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein (a) is suggested to cause @entity409 , alteration of elastic arterial properties, and decreased arterial compliance. We investigated the relation of arterial compliance and lipoprotein (a) serum [ @entity3452 ] levels in @entity1 with @entity731 . METHODS: Prospective study included 118 consecutive @entity1 with @entity731 . Noninvasive computerized pulse wave analysis was used to measure large and small artery elasticity indices in a nondiseased vessel area. Compliance parameters were correlated to @entity3452 levels. Stratified and multivariate analyses were performed to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS: Small artery elasticity index was inversely correlated with @entity3452 serum levels (r = -0.64, P <.001). The association between @entity3452 and small artery elasticity index remained significant adjusting for age, sex, @entity6 , smoking, @entity407 , and lipid-lowering medication (r = -0.37, P <.0001). @entity3452 accounted for approximately 60% of the variation of small artery compliance in nondiabetic @entity1 (n = 80) (r = -0.76, P <.0001), in @entity6 @entity1 (n = 38) no significant correlation between @entity3452 and small artery compliance was observed (r = -0.27, P =.09). No correlation was found between large artery elasticity index and @entity3452 . CONCLUSIONS: Small artery compliance was negatively correlated to @entity3452 in nondiabetic @entity1 with @entity731 . Increased @entity3452 serum levels might cause @entity409 measurable by decreased small artery elasticity index in these @entity1 . Elastic properties of @entity6 vessels were not directly related to @entity3452 serum levels.

title: Relation of small artery compliance and lipoprotein (a) in XXXX with @entity731 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Most mutagenesis by UV and many chemicals in @entity526 requires the products of the umuDC operon or an analogous plasmid-derived operon mucAB. Activated RecA protein is also required for, or enhances, this process. MucA and UmuD proteins share homology with the @entity6899 protein, suggesting that they might interact with the RecA protein as @entity6899 does. We used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to alter a site in MucA homologous to the Ala- @entity4022 cleavage site of @entity6899 . The mutation, termed mucA101( @entity367 26), results in a change of Gly26 of MucA to @entity367 26. A @entity6899 ( @entity47397 ) recA441 umuC122::Tn5 strain carrying a mucA101( @entity367 26)B+ plasmid did not exhibit the greatly increased frequency of spontaneous mutagenesis in response to RecA activation that a strain carrying a mucA+B+ plasmid did but retained a basal recA-dependent ability to confer increased spontaneous mutagenesis that was independent of the state of RecA activation. These results are consistent with a model in which RecA plays two distinct roles in mutagenesis apart from its role in the cleavage of @entity6899 . A pBR322-derived plasmid carrying mucA+B+, but not one carrying mucA101( @entity367 26)B+, inhibited the UV induction of SOS genes, suggesting that MucA+ and MucA( @entity367 26) proteins may have different abilities to compete with @entity6899 for activated RecA protein. The spectrum of UV-induced mutagenesis was also altered in strains carrying the mucA101( @entity367 26) mutation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that activated RecA protein interacts with wild-type MucA protein, possibly promoting proteolytic cleavage, and that this interaction is responsible for facilitating certain mutagenic processes.

title: New phenotypes associated with mucAB: alteration of a MucA sequence homologous to the XXXX cleavage site.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6899 :: (20466968,Gene) :: ['LexA']


abstract: @entity16 , @entity63 , and an altered host defense make the @entity6 @entity1 particularly prone to the development of @entity1411 . Successful treatment must be directed at these three primary pathologic situations. Since a limb-threatening @entity281 carries a 25% risk of major amputation, early and prompt recognition and reporting of all foot problems are essential. @entity16 requires total rest of the injured part. An altered host defense requires knowledge of the bacteria involved and proper use of antibiotics. It requires strict adherence to sound surgical principles that ensure debridement of all necrotic material and adequate dependent drainage of the wound while conserving as much viable skin and tissue for later revision or conservative amputations. Once @entity295 is controlled, @entity63 extremities can be revascularized. Because of the peculiar nature of the @entity532 , revascularization procedures require the maximum skill and experience of the operating vascular surgeon. After revascularization, revisions or more conservative distal amputations can be achieved. @entity1 and physician education and understanding still remain essential not only to prevention but to successful management of all @entity6 foot-related problems.

title: The XXXX foot: amputations and @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ["diabetic's vascular disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['infected foot ulcers']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity16 , @entity63 , and an altered host defense make the @entity6 @entity1 particularly prone to the development of @entity1411 . Successful treatment must be directed at these three primary pathologic situations. Since a limb-threatening @entity281 carries a 25% risk of major amputation, early and prompt recognition and reporting of all foot problems are essential. @entity16 requires total rest of the injured part. An altered host defense requires knowledge of the bacteria involved and proper use of antibiotics. It requires strict adherence to sound surgical principles that ensure debridement of all necrotic material and adequate dependent drainage of the wound while conserving as much viable skin and tissue for later revision or conservative amputations. Once @entity295 is controlled, @entity63 extremities can be revascularized. Because of the peculiar nature of the @entity532 , revascularization procedures require the maximum skill and experience of the operating vascular surgeon. After revascularization, revisions or more conservative distal amputations can be achieved. @entity1 and physician education and understanding still remain essential not only to prevention but to successful management of all @entity6 foot-related problems.

title: The @entity6 foot: amputations and XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['drainage of infection']


abstract: A retrospective review of Mayo Clinic records through 1983 revealed 84 @entity1 (24 male and 10 female; mean age, 41 years) with the diagnosis of @entity358 . The major clinical features were @entity1353 , cough, fever, and @entity662 . Chest roentgenograms usually showed bilateral symmetric alveolar infiltrates, but asymmetric, unilateral, and chronic patchy patterns were also noted. Diagnosis was established by thoracotomy-lung biopsy in 26 @entity1 . Histologic analysis revealed uniform filling of the alveoli by periodic acid-Schiff-positive material and maintenance of normal alveolar architecture. Electron microscopy showed enlarged alveolar macrophages with lamellar osmiophilic inclusions, dense granules, and myeloid bodies. Of the 21 @entity1 who underwent therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage, 13 had no recurrence of the disease during a mean follow-up of 8.8 years. In @entity1 who underwent pulmonary function testing both before and after lavage, significant @entity66 present before the procedure were alleviated afterward. Three @entity204 occurred among the 34 @entity1 . @entity358 may result from defective clearance of phospholipids by the alveolar macrophages, excessive production of phospholipids by type II pneumocytes, or both. It is likely a nonspecific response to a variety of injuries to the alveolar macrophage or type II pneumocyte or both, including exposure to certain dusts and chemicals and occurrence of @entity1503 or @entity281 . The uncommon occurrence of this disorder suggests individual susceptibility.

title: XXXX : experience with 34 cases and a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis', 'pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis']


abstract: Most @entity751 can affect the central nervous system (CNS). In the vast majority of cases, however, the @entity262 is present at the time of first CNS manifestations. Certain of these diseases, including @entity1252 , @entity71082 , @entity709 , @entity14033 and @entity2884 can present with CNS findings in the absence of any peripheral evidence of the underlying process. The CNS presentations of these and the other @entity751 which may affect the CNS are discussed. Isolated @entity12513 may be due to @entity54692 ( @entity54692 ) or delayed contralateral @entity1158 following HZO. These are distinct clinical entities which can be differentiated by clinical and angiographic findings. The former is often severe and diffuse in nature, whereas the latter is usually milder and more focal. There are few if any peripheral findings in either syndrome. The cause of @entity54692 is unknown, but the @entity1158 following HZO is clearly due to a virus-induced @entity1333 spread from the overlying Gasserian nucleus; the history of preceding herpes @entity6435 strongly suggests the diagnosis. The collected evidence suggests that an aggressive evaluation, including meningeal biopsy, and early therapy with @entity230 (and perhaps cytotoxic agents) can alter the prognosis in @entity54692 . It is not clear that @entity1158 following HZO requires treatment. @entity54692 and HZO-associated CNS damage should be considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated @entity6220 in the absence of history, signs, or laboratory abnormalities suggestive of @entity262 .

title: The neurologic presentation of XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2884 :: ('MESH:D008230', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid granulomatoses']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['CNS vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity54692 :: ('MESH:C537295', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous angiitis of the nervous system', 'GANS']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity6435 :: ('MESH:D006563', 'Disease') :: ['zoster ophthalmicus']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['Beh  et syndrome']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic and vasculitic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['vasculitic and rheumatologic syndromes']


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy has been shown to be effective in reopening totally occluded arteries in @entity583 . @entity301 is also believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity1459 and non-Q wave @entity1188 . However, few @entity1 with these two acute @entity301 have been treated with intracoronary streptokinase. Therefore, 100,000 to 300,000 IU (mean 177,000 +/- 80,000 IU) of intracoronary streptokinase was infused into 36 consecutive catheterized @entity1 who either presented with an acute episode of @entity1459 or had had a recent non-Q wave @entity1188 and in whom a less than 100% occluded @entity63 -producing artery could be identified. Qualitative techniques utilizing vessel magnification and quantitative analysis with digital subtraction were performed on the @entity63 -producing coronary lesion before and immediately after streptokinase therapy and 3 to 10 days later in 18 @entity1 who were restudied at the time of transluminal coronary angioplasty. Before streptokinase treatment, 24 (67%) of 36 @entity63 -producing arteries contained eccentric, irregular lesions. The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity63 -producing arteries averaged 83.8 +/- 8.3% and 94.8 +/- 3.3%, respectively. After streptokinase treatment there were 23 arteries (64%) with @entity75 . The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity63 -producing arteries were similar to pre-streptokinase values (82.9 +/- 5.9% and 93.8 +/- 4.0%, respectively). At restudy, there were also no significant changes in any quantitative or qualitative variable. Five individual @entity1 showed a significant reduction in percent stenosis after streptokinase. This improvement was independent of duration of symptoms, use of heparin before angiography, streptokinase dose or reduction of @entity2002 levels post-streptokinase. Two additional @entity1 deteriorated clinically and developed total occlusion of the @entity63 -producing artery within 12 hours of streptokinase infusion. These data suggest that intracoronary streptokinase may be of limited utility in either @entity1459 or recent non-Q wave @entity1188 with a less than 100% occluded @entity63 -producing artery. In these syndromes, @entity715 may be organized or short infusions may be given too late to be effective. In some cases, @entity715 may even be absent. Whether longer infusion of streptokinase or other thrombolytic agents will be of benefit remains to be determined.

title: Quantitative and qualitative effects of intracoronary streptokinase in @entity1459 and non-Q wave XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary thrombus', 'coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric irregular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy has been shown to be effective in reopening totally occluded arteries in @entity583 . @entity301 is also believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity1459 and non-Q wave @entity1188 . However, few @entity1 with these two acute @entity301 have been treated with intracoronary streptokinase. Therefore, 100,000 to 300,000 IU (mean 177,000 +/- 80,000 IU) of intracoronary streptokinase was infused into 36 consecutive catheterized @entity1 who either presented with an acute episode of @entity1459 or had had a recent non-Q wave @entity1188 and in whom a less than 100% occluded @entity63 -producing artery could be identified. Qualitative techniques utilizing vessel magnification and quantitative analysis with digital subtraction were performed on the @entity63 -producing coronary lesion before and immediately after streptokinase therapy and 3 to 10 days later in 18 @entity1 who were restudied at the time of transluminal coronary angioplasty. Before streptokinase treatment, 24 (67%) of 36 @entity63 -producing arteries contained eccentric, irregular lesions. The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity63 -producing arteries averaged 83.8 +/- 8.3% and 94.8 +/- 3.3%, respectively. After streptokinase treatment there were 23 arteries (64%) with @entity75 . The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity63 -producing arteries were similar to pre-streptokinase values (82.9 +/- 5.9% and 93.8 +/- 4.0%, respectively). At restudy, there were also no significant changes in any quantitative or qualitative variable. Five individual @entity1 showed a significant reduction in percent stenosis after streptokinase. This improvement was independent of duration of symptoms, use of heparin before angiography, streptokinase dose or reduction of @entity2002 levels post-streptokinase. Two additional @entity1 deteriorated clinically and developed total occlusion of the @entity63 -producing artery within 12 hours of streptokinase infusion. These data suggest that intracoronary streptokinase may be of limited utility in either @entity1459 or recent non-Q wave @entity1188 with a less than 100% occluded @entity63 -producing artery. In these syndromes, @entity715 may be organized or short infusions may be given too late to be effective. In some cases, @entity715 may even be absent. Whether longer infusion of streptokinase or other thrombolytic agents will be of benefit remains to be determined.

title: Quantitative and qualitative effects of intracoronary streptokinase in XXXX and non-Q wave @entity1188 .

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: @entity282 irradiation in the initial management of high-grade malignant @entity5 has now become standard. The addition of conventional chemotherapy to irradiation has not significantly improved median survival beyond 1 year. We treated 25 consecutive @entity1 (13 pilot @entity1 and 12 protocol @entity1 ) with histologically confirmed unresectable grade 3 or 4 @entity11 with high-dose BCNU ( @entity3600 ) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation and whole brain irradiation. Within 3 weeks of initial surgery, each @entity1 had autologous bone marrow stored (median 2 X 10(8) nucleated cells/kg), and then received BCNU 1,050 mg/m2 intravenously (IV). Peripheral granulocytes recovered (greater than 500/microL) at a median of 19 days (range, 10 to 37 days), and platelets recovered (greater than 20,000/microL) at a median of 18 days (range, 13 to 40 days), following bone marrow infusion. @entity1 received 60 Gy whole brain irradiation when granulocytes were greater than 1,500/microL. @entity137 was well tolerated. @entity390 occurred in 19 @entity1 (76%); however, only eight @entity1 (32%) experienced @entity391 (mild in three, moderate in five). Eleven @entity1 (44%) did not require empiric antibiotics, six of whom never developed an absolute granulocyte count less than 500/microL. Three @entity1 with a poor performance status died early (one @entity410 with @entity391 and @entity2063 ; one, @entity293 (UTI) with @entity2259 ; one, @entity55 ), and one additional @entity1 who was performing well died of @entity548 . The 13 pilot @entity1 have now been followed for a median of 23 months, with a significant survival advantage compared with the 52 consecutive historical control @entity1 who received similar surgery and radiotherapy without high-dose BCNU (P = .037). The overall study group of 25 @entity1 also has a significant survival advantage when compared with the same historical control group, with a projected median survival of 26 months (P = .007). This new approach using early postoperative intensive therapy consisting of high-dose BCNU, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and whole brain irradiation appears to significantly improve survival.

title: Prolongation of survival for high-grade XXXX with adjuvant high-dose BCNU and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['candidal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Employment of postoperative brain']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['klebsiella urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: The effects of @entity4689 (AI) and @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) on ring segments of femoral arteries from spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) were studied. AI and @entity1808 elicited significantly greater direct contractile response in arteries from SHR than those from WKY. These peptides also potentiated the contractile response to @entity129 ( @entity129 ) in both preparations, but to a greater extent in those of WKY than SHR, without potentiating the contractile response to exogenous @entity1063 (NE). The potentiation of the @entity129 response and direct contraction caused by AI were markedly attenuated by @entity3371 , an AI-converting enzyme inhibitor. Destruction of endothelium failed to alter the contractile response to AI in both WKY and SHR but augmented that to @entity1808 in WKY. @entity3044 and @entity3045 produced significant potentiation of @entity129 response only in arteries of SHR. @entity3160 and @entity3774 alpha potentiated @entity129 response to a similar extent in arteries of WKY and SHR. These results suggest that @entity1808 locally generated from AI can act postsynaptically to cause contraction and presynaptically to promote adrenergic neurotransmission in the isolated @entity35 femoral artery. The AI to @entity1808 conversion appears to take place mainly at sites other than endothelial cells. The postsynaptic effect of @entity1808 is greater in SHR than WKY, but its presynaptic effect is diminished in SHR unlike some other agents which facilitate adrenergic neurotransmission, and unlike that in mesenteric arteries of SHR.

title: Pre- and postsynaptic effects of angiotensins in the femoral artery of spontaneously XXXX and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['TNS', 'transmural adrenergic nerve stimulation']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The effects of @entity4689 (AI) and @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) on ring segments of femoral arteries from spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) were studied. AI and @entity1808 elicited significantly greater direct contractile response in arteries from SHR than those from WKY. These peptides also potentiated the contractile response to @entity129 ( @entity129 ) in both preparations, but to a greater extent in those of WKY than SHR, without potentiating the contractile response to exogenous @entity1063 (NE). The potentiation of the @entity129 response and direct contraction caused by AI were markedly attenuated by @entity3371 , an AI-converting enzyme inhibitor. Destruction of endothelium failed to alter the contractile response to AI in both WKY and SHR but augmented that to @entity1808 in WKY. @entity3044 and @entity3045 produced significant potentiation of @entity129 response only in arteries of SHR. @entity3160 and @entity3774 alpha potentiated @entity129 response to a similar extent in arteries of WKY and SHR. These results suggest that @entity1808 locally generated from AI can act postsynaptically to cause contraction and presynaptically to promote adrenergic neurotransmission in the isolated @entity35 femoral artery. The AI to @entity1808 conversion appears to take place mainly at sites other than endothelial cells. The postsynaptic effect of @entity1808 is greater in SHR than WKY, but its presynaptic effect is diminished in SHR unlike some other agents which facilitate adrenergic neurotransmission, and unlike that in mesenteric arteries of SHR.

title: Pre- and postsynaptic effects of angiotensins in the femoral artery of spontaneously @entity101 and XXXX -Kyoto @entity35 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Wistar']


abstract: The effects of @entity4689 (AI) and @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) on ring segments of femoral arteries from spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) were studied. AI and @entity1808 elicited significantly greater direct contractile response in arteries from SHR than those from WKY. These peptides also potentiated the contractile response to @entity129 ( @entity129 ) in both preparations, but to a greater extent in those of WKY than SHR, without potentiating the contractile response to exogenous @entity1063 (NE). The potentiation of the @entity129 response and direct contraction caused by AI were markedly attenuated by @entity3371 , an AI-converting enzyme inhibitor. Destruction of endothelium failed to alter the contractile response to AI in both WKY and SHR but augmented that to @entity1808 in WKY. @entity3044 and @entity3045 produced significant potentiation of @entity129 response only in arteries of SHR. @entity3160 and @entity3774 alpha potentiated @entity129 response to a similar extent in arteries of WKY and SHR. These results suggest that @entity1808 locally generated from AI can act postsynaptically to cause contraction and presynaptically to promote adrenergic neurotransmission in the isolated @entity35 femoral artery. The AI to @entity1808 conversion appears to take place mainly at sites other than endothelial cells. The postsynaptic effect of @entity1808 is greater in SHR than WKY, but its presynaptic effect is diminished in SHR unlike some other agents which facilitate adrenergic neurotransmission, and unlike that in mesenteric arteries of SHR.

title: Pre- and postsynaptic effects of angiotensins in the femoral artery of spontaneously @entity101 and @entity35 -Kyoto XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Syngeneic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to B16 @entity320 by hybridization of spleen cells from B16-F1 or B16-F10 @entity5 -bearing C57BL/6J mice. Two antigens were identified by the immunofluorescence reactions of anti-F1 MAbs, 2G10 ( @entity6527 ) and 3C10 (IgM). Both antigens are membrane associated in 97-99% of fixed F1 and F10 cells and are cross-reactive with normal syngeneic thymocytes, and other normal and transformed cultured @entity19 cells. An anti-F10 Mab, 3E9 ( @entity5696 ), reacts with a membrane antigen found in about 40% of F1 and F10 cells and in all transformed @entity19 cells tested, but was not found in normal cells. The 3C10 and 3E9 antigens are shed into the medium of cultured cells. 125I-Labeled membrane components of Mr 48,000 and 40,000 (3C10) and 25,000 (3E9) were immunoprecipitated. Some 3C10 immunoprecipitates also contained components of Mr 25,000 and 15,000. The three MAbs were tested for suppression of lung colonization by B16-F1 and B16-F10 metastatic variants in C57BL/6J @entity19 . MAbs were injected 1 day prior to and 1 week after injection of @entity5 cells. 2G10 was highly suppressive for both B16-F1 and @entity19 cells. 3C10 and 3E9 were suppressive for @entity19 cells but were nonsuppressive and enhancing for B16-F1 cells (P less than or equal to 0.05). A novel immunotherapy model was tested. Delayed @entity56 was selectively induced to the 3C10 MAb in C57BL/6J @entity19 by sensitization with lipid-conjugated purified MAb. Sensitized @entity19 were injected with B16 cells and MAb to determine whether a cellular reaction with cell bound MAb in vivo could be suppressive for @entity5 cells. The treatment was suppressive for B16-F1 lung colonies, but caused augmentation of lung colonies from @entity19 cells (P less than or equal to 0.05).

title: Suppression of B16 XXXX lung colonization by syngeneic monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Neural crest cells migrate during embryogenesis to give rise to segmented structures of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system: namely, the dorsal root @entity21 and the sympathetic chain. However, neural crest cell arise from the dorsal neural tube where they are apparently unsegmented. It is generally agreed that the somites impose segmentation on migrating crest cells, but there is a disagreement about two basic questions: exactly pathways do neural crest cells use to move through or around somites, and do neural crest cells actively migrate or are they passively dispersed by the movement of somite cells? The answers to both questions are critically important to any further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the precise distribution of the neural crest cells that develop into @entity21 . We have done an exhaustive study of the locations of neural crest cells in @entity1573 embryos during early stages of their movement, using antibodies to neural crest cells (HNK-1), to neural filament-associated protein in growing nerve processes (E/C8), and to the extracellular matrix molecule @entity9043 . Our results show that Some neural crest cells invade the extracellular space between adjacent somites, but the apparent majority move into the somites themselves along the border between the dermatome/myotome (DM) and the sclerotome. Neural crest cells remain closely associated with the anterior half of the DM of developing somites as they travel, suggesting that the basal lamina of the DM may be used as a migratory substratum. Supporting this idea is our observation that the development of the DM basal lamina coincides in time and location with the onset of crest migration through the somite. The leading front of neural crest cells advance through the somite while the length of the DM pathway remains constant, suggesting active locomotion, at least in this early phase of development. Neural crest cells leave the DM at a later stage of development to associate with the dorsal aorta, where sympathetic @entity21 form, and to associate with newly emerging fibers of the ventral root nerve, where they presumably give rise to neuronal supportive cells. Thus we propose that the establishment of the segmental pattern of the peripheral @entity21 and nerves depends on the timely development of appropriate substrata to guide and distribute migrating neural crest cells during the early stages of embryogenesis.

title: Neural crest cell migratory pathways in the trunk of the XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Intolerance to analgesics is common in @entity1 with @entity565 , @entity480 and @entity110 . Symptoms of intolerance resemble those of @entity566 , but the events precipitating them can rarely be traced to reactions between the drug and a specific antibody or sensitised T-lymphocytes. In 8 to 20% of adult asthmatics, aspirin and several other analgesics provoke @entity748 attacks, probably through inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. This is a distinct and important clinical syndrome with a specific history, course and clinical presentation and a number of unique peculiarities which still require elucidation at the biochemical level. Up to 40% of @entity1 with chronic @entity110 develop an obvious increase in weals and swelling after taking @entity117 . These reactions occur only when @entity110 is active, and though the reason for them is not known, it appears that different mechanisms may be responsible in different @entity1 . Skin reactions other than exacerbation of chronic @entity110 are less common, but may create serious clinical problems. The clinical background of a @entity1 often determines the type of adverse response to an analgesic. Thus, in certain individuals, analgesics can produce anaphylactic reactions and/or @entity110 , probably through an immunological mechanism, while in some asthmatics they precipitate bronchoconstriction, probably through inhibition of bronchial cyclooxygenase. Study of untoward reactions to analgesics not only leads to safer pharmacotherapy, but it also offers a fascinating model for better understanding of some diseases.

title: Analgesics, XXXX and @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Intolerance to analgesics is common in @entity1 with @entity565 , @entity480 and @entity110 . Symptoms of intolerance resemble those of @entity566 , but the events precipitating them can rarely be traced to reactions between the drug and a specific antibody or sensitised T-lymphocytes. In 8 to 20% of adult asthmatics, aspirin and several other analgesics provoke @entity748 attacks, probably through inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. This is a distinct and important clinical syndrome with a specific history, course and clinical presentation and a number of unique peculiarities which still require elucidation at the biochemical level. Up to 40% of @entity1 with chronic @entity110 develop an obvious increase in weals and swelling after taking @entity117 . These reactions occur only when @entity110 is active, and though the reason for them is not known, it appears that different mechanisms may be responsible in different @entity1 . Skin reactions other than exacerbation of chronic @entity110 are less common, but may create serious clinical problems. The clinical background of a @entity1 often determines the type of adverse response to an analgesic. Thus, in certain individuals, analgesics can produce anaphylactic reactions and/or @entity110 , probably through an immunological mechanism, while in some asthmatics they precipitate bronchoconstriction, probably through inhibition of bronchial cyclooxygenase. Study of untoward reactions to analgesics not only leads to safer pharmacotherapy, but it also offers a fascinating model for better understanding of some diseases.

title: Analgesics, @entity566 and XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: During this period, the number of deliveries was 28235. Our results contradict the wide spread opinion concerning the high risk of a pregnancy in a myomatose uterus. In two thirds of the cases, the pregnancies showed a normal course, this applying also to @entity1868 nodes of 8 cm or more dimater. Threat of @entity3465 was ovserved in 11 cases; in two cases @entity3465 did occur. More than nine out of ten pregnancies reached the 38th week of gestation. Spontaneous delivery was twice as frequent as Caesarean section. This, however, does not apply to @entity1868 nodes with diameters of 8 cm or more, in which case the frequency of Caesarean section represented 50%. Puerperium was normal in 47 cases; complications were observed in 13 cases due to retarded uterine retraction. In 2 out of 4 cases with @entity6751 haemorrhage, curettage was performed. Pregnancies in a myomatose uterus are high-risk pregnancies which require close observation. Sonography plays an important role in such cases. One of the authors (D.) proposes high-dose gestagen treatment as a useful therapy when threat of abortion is observed in myomatose uteri. In cases of menacing @entity3465 , hospitalisation and tocolysis are highly recommended.

title: [Conservative procedures in 64 pregnant patients with XXXX : the course of pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium].

entities_list: @entity6751 :: ('MESH:D050032', 'Disease') :: ['atonic post-partum']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['myoma']


abstract: Ninety-one @entity1 with @entity2112 , who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation from January 1977 to December 1982, were reviewed. All @entity1 were 20 years or older at the time of surgery and none had undergone a prior surgical procedure. Indications for surgery included @entity158 , @entity358 . All @entity1 had a posterior spinal fusion with Harrington instrumentation and autogenous iliac bone graft, with the addition of segmental wiring in only eight. No @entity1 had an anterior fusion or fusion to the sacrum. Follow-up averaged 3.5 years (range: 2-7 years). The average correction at the time of surgery was 38%, and 32% at the time of last follow-up. Seventy-nine percent of the @entity1 reported complete relief of the symptom(s) for which they had surgery. There were 34 complications in 30 (33%) @entity1 . @entity1516 occurred in 14 (15%), requiring 15 additional procedures to achieve a solid arthrodesis. @entity293 occurred in 8 (9%) @entity1 and Harrington hook dislodgement in 5 (5%). One @entity1 sustained a partial paraparesis with recovery to a minimal deficit. No @entity204 occurred. Although largely successful, posterior fusion with Harrington instrumentation for adult scoliosis has a significant incidence of @entity1516 and instrumentation problems.

title: Adult XXXX treated by posterior spinal fusion and Harrington instrumentation.

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['progressive deformity, and pulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Splenocytes sensitized in vitro to the H-2 allotype of a skin allograft have been shown to cause accelerated rejection of the skin allograft after adoptive transfer of the splenocytes. Treatment of the host with splenectomy or sublethal radiation did not alter the accelerated rejection. In the present study, @entity205 ( @entity870 ) given subcutaneously to @entity19 bearing 1 day old skin grafts prevented the rejection of the graft despite the adoptive transfer of sensitized cells. If the @entity870 was given for 14 days at 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were rejected an average of 6 days after the cessation of @entity870 . If the @entity870 was given for 20 days 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were not rejected even after cessation of @entity870 . When no sensitized cells were given, the same pattern resulted; that is, when a 14 day course of @entity870 was given the grafts were rejected after cessation of the @entity870 but when a 20-d course was given, the grafts were not rejected even after the @entity870 was stopped. If splenocytes were sensitized in the presence of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ), they caused rejection of the skin allografts in animals even on treatment with @entity870 . We concluded that @entity870 can prevent skin allograft rejections in the @entity19 system. Moreover, the dose of @entity870 was critical, in that a longer course of @entity870 was necessary for tolerance. @entity870 further prevented the accelerated rejection of skin allografts by adoptive transfer of specifically sensitized splenocytes. Donor irradiation did not alter the effect of the @entity870 or of the adoptively transferred cells. @entity870 could not prevent the rejection of skin allografts when the adoptively transferred cells were sensitized to antigen in the presence of @entity2047 .

title: Evidence that @entity205 does not inhibit allograft rejection by XXXX -treated sensitized splenocytes.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: Splenocytes sensitized in vitro to the H-2 allotype of a skin allograft have been shown to cause accelerated rejection of the skin allograft after adoptive transfer of the splenocytes. Treatment of the host with splenectomy or sublethal radiation did not alter the accelerated rejection. In the present study, @entity205 ( @entity870 ) given subcutaneously to @entity19 bearing 1 day old skin grafts prevented the rejection of the graft despite the adoptive transfer of sensitized cells. If the @entity870 was given for 14 days at 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were rejected an average of 6 days after the cessation of @entity870 . If the @entity870 was given for 20 days 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were not rejected even after cessation of @entity870 . When no sensitized cells were given, the same pattern resulted; that is, when a 14 day course of @entity870 was given the grafts were rejected after cessation of the @entity870 but when a 20-d course was given, the grafts were not rejected even after the @entity870 was stopped. If splenocytes were sensitized in the presence of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ), they caused rejection of the skin allografts in animals even on treatment with @entity870 . We concluded that @entity870 can prevent skin allograft rejections in the @entity19 system. Moreover, the dose of @entity870 was critical, in that a longer course of @entity870 was necessary for tolerance. @entity870 further prevented the accelerated rejection of skin allografts by adoptive transfer of specifically sensitized splenocytes. Donor irradiation did not alter the effect of the @entity870 or of the adoptively transferred cells. @entity870 could not prevent the rejection of skin allografts when the adoptively transferred cells were sensitized to antigen in the presence of @entity2047 .

title: Evidence that XXXX does not inhibit allograft rejection by @entity2047 -treated sensitized splenocytes.

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Arterioportal @entity292 (APFs) are usually traumatic in origin and may result in @entity101 and its complications. Over six years, six @entity1 (aged 20 to 59 years) presented with APFs. Two APFs developed after percutaneous liver biopsy, but only one was complicated ( @entity7252 ). Neither @entity1 was treated operatively. Four APFs occurred two days to three years after gunshot wounds. Three @entity1 presented with gastrointestinal tract @entity548 . All @entity1 had abdominal bruits. Two @entity1 underwent primary repair. One @entity1 underwent APF resection and replacement of the superior mesenteric artery with autogenous vein. Another @entity1 underwent APF and bowel resection. Three @entity1 survived. One @entity1 died of @entity1578 . The development of an abdominal bruit in a @entity1 with penetrating @entity1661 suggests APF and should prompt angiography. Elective repair is recommended before complications of @entity101 develop.

title: Presentation and perioperative management of arterioportal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity500 / @entity4446 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity260 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity31 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity288 and @entity500 / @entity4446 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity500 / @entity4446 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity1 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity500 / @entity4446 -treated @entity1 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity1 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity1 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity230 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 are associated with high dose @entity230 and severe disease but not use of @entity500 / @entity4446 .

title: XXXX or @entity4446 before colectomy for @entity31 is not associated with @entity260 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['Azathioprine']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity500 / @entity4446 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity260 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity31 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity288 and @entity500 / @entity4446 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity500 / @entity4446 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity1 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity500 / @entity4446 -treated @entity1 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity1 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity1 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity230 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 are associated with high dose @entity230 and severe disease but not use of @entity500 / @entity4446 .

title: @entity500 or @entity4446 before colectomy for XXXX is not associated with @entity260 .

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity500 / @entity4446 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity260 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity31 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity288 and @entity500 / @entity4446 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity500 / @entity4446 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity1 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity500 / @entity4446 -treated @entity1 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity1 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity1 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity230 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 are associated with high dose @entity230 and severe disease but not use of @entity500 / @entity4446 .

title: @entity500 or @entity4446 before colectomy for @entity31 is not associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['increased postoperative complications']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity500 / @entity4446 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity260 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity31 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity288 and @entity500 / @entity4446 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity500 / @entity4446 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity1 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity500 / @entity4446 -treated @entity1 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity1 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity1 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity230 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 are associated with high dose @entity230 and severe disease but not use of @entity500 / @entity4446 .

title: @entity500 or XXXX before colectomy for @entity31 is not associated with @entity260 .

answer: @entity4446 :: (MESH:D015122,Chemical) :: ['6-mercaptopurine']


abstract: @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is one of the ten most common @entity5 in the developed world. The incidence has increased significantly over the past two decades and it is a particular burden in @entity1 over the age of 60 years. The gold standard for primary treatment of aggressive @entity1893 is combination chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ). Haematological growth factors, such as @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), can be used to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 , thus facilitating delivery of chemotherapy at the planned dose intensity. The International Prognostic Index is able to identify high-risk @entity1 who are unlikely to be cured with standard primary chemotherapy. In these @entity1 , the use of dose-intensive therapy, including high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support, is being evaluated as potential primary therapy. Stem cell transplantation is currently the treatment of choice for @entity1 with relapsed @entity1893 or those with chemosensitive refractory disease. Autologous peripheral blood stem cells mobilised into the circulation by @entity1261 help achieve rapid haematological reconstitution and are now the preferred source of stem cells over bone marrow for this form of therapy. @entity1261 is also used to support allogeneic transplantation, which exerts a therapeutic graft-versus- @entity706 effect. Administration of @entity1261 following autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation accelerates neutrophil recovery.

title: Treatment of aggressive XXXX with chemotherapy in combination with filgrastim.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Intravenous @entity205 has proven to be an alternative to emergency colectomy in steroid-refractory @entity31 , whereas the experience with @entity1140 is limited. In this report we compare intravenous to oral @entity1140 treatment in 38 @entity1 with refractory ulcerative (n = 33) or indeterminate (n = 5) @entity1960 . @entity1140 was started intravenously in the first group (n = 18) at a dose of 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg up to 14 days, followed by 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally, or was started orally at this dose in a second group (n = 20). Additional @entity500 / @entity4446 was given and @entity230 were tapered in responding @entity1 , followed by a dose reduction of @entity1140 . Clinical disease activity and laboratory parameters were assessed to evaluate efficacy and safety. Primary objectives were the induction of remission (Truelove index of mild) and colectomy-free survival. Treatment lasted for a mean of 7.6 months, and the mean observation period was 16.2 months. Eighteen of 38 @entity1 improved within 14 days, and a complete remission was achieved in 13 @entity1 after 1 month. A colectomy within 1 month was performed in 3 of 38 @entity1 . The overall colectomy rate was 34%. One-half of the @entity1 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years required a colectomy. Intravenous and per oral administration were equally safe and effective. The most frequent adverse events included @entity400 , @entity4854 , @entity101 , and @entity281 , but none were severe. @entity8 was rare and subsided upon drug withdrawal. In conclusion. @entity1140 is effective in the treatment of @entity1960 with per oral dosing being equivalent to intravenous administration.

title: Response of @entity1960 to intravenous or oral XXXX ( @entity1140 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['refractory colitis', 'colitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: Intravenous @entity205 has proven to be an alternative to emergency colectomy in steroid-refractory @entity31 , whereas the experience with @entity1140 is limited. In this report we compare intravenous to oral @entity1140 treatment in 38 @entity1 with refractory ulcerative (n = 33) or indeterminate (n = 5) @entity1960 . @entity1140 was started intravenously in the first group (n = 18) at a dose of 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg up to 14 days, followed by 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally, or was started orally at this dose in a second group (n = 20). Additional @entity500 / @entity4446 was given and @entity230 were tapered in responding @entity1 , followed by a dose reduction of @entity1140 . Clinical disease activity and laboratory parameters were assessed to evaluate efficacy and safety. Primary objectives were the induction of remission (Truelove index of mild) and colectomy-free survival. Treatment lasted for a mean of 7.6 months, and the mean observation period was 16.2 months. Eighteen of 38 @entity1 improved within 14 days, and a complete remission was achieved in 13 @entity1 after 1 month. A colectomy within 1 month was performed in 3 of 38 @entity1 . The overall colectomy rate was 34%. One-half of the @entity1 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years required a colectomy. Intravenous and per oral administration were equally safe and effective. The most frequent adverse events included @entity400 , @entity4854 , @entity101 , and @entity281 , but none were severe. @entity8 was rare and subsided upon drug withdrawal. In conclusion. @entity1140 is effective in the treatment of @entity1960 with per oral dosing being equivalent to intravenous administration.

title: Response of @entity1960 to intravenous or oral @entity1140 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: Intravenous @entity205 has proven to be an alternative to emergency colectomy in steroid-refractory @entity31 , whereas the experience with @entity1140 is limited. In this report we compare intravenous to oral @entity1140 treatment in 38 @entity1 with refractory ulcerative (n = 33) or indeterminate (n = 5) @entity1960 . @entity1140 was started intravenously in the first group (n = 18) at a dose of 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg up to 14 days, followed by 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally, or was started orally at this dose in a second group (n = 20). Additional @entity500 / @entity4446 was given and @entity230 were tapered in responding @entity1 , followed by a dose reduction of @entity1140 . Clinical disease activity and laboratory parameters were assessed to evaluate efficacy and safety. Primary objectives were the induction of remission (Truelove index of mild) and colectomy-free survival. Treatment lasted for a mean of 7.6 months, and the mean observation period was 16.2 months. Eighteen of 38 @entity1 improved within 14 days, and a complete remission was achieved in 13 @entity1 after 1 month. A colectomy within 1 month was performed in 3 of 38 @entity1 . The overall colectomy rate was 34%. One-half of the @entity1 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years required a colectomy. Intravenous and per oral administration were equally safe and effective. The most frequent adverse events included @entity400 , @entity4854 , @entity101 , and @entity281 , but none were severe. @entity8 was rare and subsided upon drug withdrawal. In conclusion. @entity1140 is effective in the treatment of @entity1960 with per oral dosing being equivalent to intravenous administration.

title: Response of XXXX to intravenous or oral @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ).

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['refractory colitis']


abstract: This study reports 43 @entity1 (male: n = 17, female: n = 26) with non-Hodgkin's @entity706 , who underwent surgery between 1. January 1977 and 31. December 1986. The main clinical symptoms were @entity490 , @entity353 . Symptoms preceded diagnosis by 13 weeks. Barium meal and endoscopy were useful diagnostic procedures. The biopsy specimens indicated @entity5 in 80% of cases. Operations performed were: total gastrectomy (n = 18), distal resection (B I: n = 4, B II: n = 14), partial duodenopancreatectomy (n = 3), proximal gastric resection (n = 1), local excision (n = 1) and explorative laparotomy (n = 2). Perioperative mortality was 0%. @entity298 occurred in 1 @entity1 due to leakage of the duodenal stump. According to the Ann-Arbor system we found stage I in 19, stage II in 10 and stage III in 14 cases. The histological type according to the Working Formulation showed low grade of @entity5 in 15 and high grade of @entity5 in 28 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with respect to @entity5 staging and morphology. 24 @entity1 are alive without relapse, 16 @entity1 died intercurrently. The data were collected retrospectively and analysed by means of Kaplan-Meier survival functions. For comparisons we used the Breslow and the Mantel test. We investigated the prognostic significance of: sex, clinical symptoms, localisation of the @entity5 , type and radicality of operation, lymphadenectomy, splenectomy, @entity2617 , @entity5 size and depth of infiltration, staging and grading. The 2-year survival rate was 82%, the 5-year rate was 55%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Non-Hodgkin's XXXX : surgical therapy and prognosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritonitis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of the stomach']


abstract: The role of the cortico-tectal pathways in the processing of auditory signals was investigated by recording the click-evoked responses and extracellular multiple unit activity in the inferior colliculus (IC) after functional ablation of the auditory cortex (AC) by local intracortical application of a @entity1372 channel blocker, @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ). Click-evoked IC responses (IC-ER) and multiple unit activity in response to tone bursts were recorded with implanted electrodes in the IC of @entity35 lightly anaesthetized with @entity4763 . Neural activity was recorded before and after the application of @entity4524 into the ipsilateral auditory cortex (AC) through three implanted cannulas in a total dose of 30 ng. The functional status of the AC was monitored by recording click-evoked middle latency responses from a ball electrode implanted on the AC. During inactivation of the AC, IC-ER amplitudes were either increased (48 % of the cases), decreased (32 % of the cases) or not evidently changed (20 % of the cases). Corresponding effects were observed in the firing rate of IC neurons. Functional ablation of the AC also resulted in a significant prolongation of the latencies of individual waves of the IC-ER. However, the discharge pattern of the multiple unit responses, response thresholds and tuning were not altered during AC inactivation. IC neural activity recovered within several hours, and maximally during 2 days. The results reveal principles of the interaction of cortico-tectal pathways with IC neuronal activity.

title: Changes in the acoustically evoked activity in the inferior colliculus of the XXXX after functional ablation of the auditory cortex.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To record the outcome, with regard to @entity281 rate, of @entity1 with rattlesnake bites (RSBs) who do not receive prophylactic antibiotics, a prospective observational study was performed of @entity1 with RSBs treated at our institution during a consecutive 18-month period. The inclusion criteria were RSBs <24 h old and completion of follow-up (telephone call, mail reply, medical toxicologist, or private physician examination) 7-10 days following @entity5900 . Fifty-six consecutive @entity1 (Median age: 32.8 years [range 4-67 years]) were enrolled. One @entity1 was excluded because of presentation 38 h after @entity5900 and two @entity1 failed to complete the required follow-up. One @entity1 received a dose of antibiotics before transfer. Antibiotics were discontinued upon arrival. Of the total 56 RSB @entity1 , 34 (61%) RSBs involved the upper extremity and 22 (39%) involved the lower extremity. Six @entity1 (11%) applied ice and two (4%) used a tourniquet before evaluation. The mean arrival time was 2.7 h (Range <1-24 h). Forty-three @entity1 (81%) received antivenin. Fifty-three @entity1 (100%) had extremity swelling and 38 @entity1 (72%) had tender proximal lymph nodes. Of the 53 @entity1 who completed the study, 3 (6%) received antibiotics from their primary care physicians at 7-10 day follow-up, with no cases (0%) of documented @entity281 . Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated in @entity1 with rattlesnake bites.

title: Antibiotics after rattlesnake XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity5900 :: (MESH:D012909,Disease) :: ['envenomation']


abstract: Hearing impairment in @entity1 is considered in its various aspects: medical, sociological, psychological, and educational. After a review of the aetiologies, the biological consequences of early auditory deprivation are underlined. The necessity of avoiding or reducing them justifies the efforts made to insure early diagnosis and adequate intervention. Screening and diagnostic techniques are described and illustrated by current results. The particular features of @entity2319 , which stands out among other physical handicaps by the fact that it has given birth to a language, sign language, are stressed and the resulting socio-cultural implications are described. The relationships between @entity2319 and @entity458 are treated so as to point out that there are no psychological features which characterize @entity2319 , but that it can lead to several cognitive and behavioural consequences. The multiple interventions requested by a @entity1 's @entity393 are detailed, emphasizing that medical or surgical actions must be part of a team work. The physician is called upon to play an essential part in this work, which he can correctly fulfill only by taking into account the sociological, cultural, psychological, educational and prosthetic aspects. The principles of prosthetic adaptation and the different types of prosthetic devices are presented, with special mention of recent and prospective developments. After a historical survey of deaf education, the evolution of ideas and methods from 1972 to 1987 is related, and the presently utilized methods are described and discussed. The different educational structures and their respective merits are outlined, as well as the action in favour of deaf @entity1 and their families of social services and parental cooperation.

title: [The XXXX with defective hearing. Medical, educational, sociological and psychological aspects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychology']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']