abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 5a-reductase inhibitors are a main modality of treatment. More than 30% of @entity1 do not respond to the therapeutic effects of 5a-reductase inhibitors. We have found that a third of adult prostate samples do not express 5a-reductase type 2 secondary to epigenetic modifications. We evaluated whether 5a-reductase type 2 expression in @entity1067 specimens from symptomatic @entity1 was linked to methylation of the 5a-reductase type 2 gene promoter. We also identified associations with age, @entity28 , cardiac risk factors and @entity1486 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prostate samples from @entity1 undergoing transurethral prostate resection were used. We determined 5a-reductase type 2 protein expression and gene promoter methylation status by common assays. Clinical variables included age, body mass index, @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity6 , @entity1486 and prostate volume. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed followed by stepwise logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Body mass index and age significantly correlated with methylation of the 5a-reductase type 2 gene promoter (p <0.05) whereas prostate volume, @entity1486 or @entity1067 medication did not correlate. Methylation highly correlated with 5a-reductase protein expression (p <0.0001). In a predictive model increasing age and body mass index significantly predicted methylation status and protein expression (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing age and body mass index correlate with increased 5a-reductase type 2 gene promoter methylation and decreased protein expression in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 . These results highlight the  interplay among age, @entity28 and gene regulation. Our findings suggest an individualized epigenetic signature for symptomatic @entity1067 , which may be important to choose appropriate personalized treatment options.

title: Age and Obesity Promote Methylation and Suppression of 5a-Reductase 2: Implications for Personalized Therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia']


abstract: Variability in analgesic responses to intramuscularly administered @entity6882 has been related to variable and unpredictable blood concentrations after injection. However, the contribution of variability in the relationship between blood concentration and effect has not been examined. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between blood @entity6882 concentrations and analgesic effects in nine @entity1 during the first two postoperative days. @entity158 was estimated by subjective bioassay. The blood concentration-effect curves were steep, with a difference of as little as 0.05 microgram/ml between the mean concentrations associated with severe @entity158 and those associated with effective analgesia. Each curve had two inflection points: the maximum concentration still associated with severe @entity158 ( @entity806 ) (0.41 microgram/ml, SD = 0.17, n = 76) and the minimum effective analgesic concentration (MEAC) (0.46 microgram/ml, SD = 0.18, n = 19). Interpatient variability of MEAC was appreciable (coefficient of variation = 39 percent) and intrapatient variability was also detected. Variable @entity158 control following intermittent intramuscular injections was shown to be due not only to variation in absorption, as reported previously, but also to variation in the blood @entity6882 concentration-analgesic response relationships. However, correlations were found between @entity806 and @entity663 and extroversion scores from a personality inventory and physical variables. Thus, equations that allow prediction of an individual's @entity806 were derived by multivariable regression. A blood @entity6882 concentration of 0.7 microgram/ml would be expected to provide freedom from severe @entity158 in approximately 95 per cent of cases. An intravenous infusion regimen for achieving and maintaining this concentration is described.

title: Relationship between blood XXXX concentrations and analgesic response: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9303 or disease ( @entity15 /D) is typically characterised by episodic vertigo, @entity9905 , @entity392 and fluctuating @entity393 . There are multiple options available for treatment with variation in consensus on the best intervention. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence on the efficacy of intratympanic therapies [ @entity230 , @entity801 , antivirals and other therapies] on the frequency and severity of vertigo and other symptoms of @entity15 /D. SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search was performed on AMED, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, BNI, CINAHL, HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE, CENTRAL and Cochrane Ear, Nose and @entity74 group trials register using various MeSH. The search was restricted to English and @entity1 subjects, and the last date of search was December 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of intratympanic therapies [ @entity230 , @entity801 antivirals and latanoprost] versus a placebo or another treatment. RESULTS: We analysed 8 RCT's comparing intratympanic @entity230 , @entity801 , @entity4540 (antiviral) and latanoprost versus another form of intratympanic treatment or placebo. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of 6 RCT's (n = 242), there is evidence to support the effectiveness of intratympanic @entity230 and @entity801 to control symptoms of vertigo in @entity15 /D albeit with a risk of @entity393 with @entity801 . However, there was no consensus found on doses or treatment protocols. There was no evidence to support the use of other forms of intratympanic therapy (antivirals and latanoprost) in @entity15 /D.

title: Intratympanic therapy in XXXX or disease: up to date evidence for clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['aural fullness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Throat disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The importance of sex on cardiac troponin levels is increasingly recognized. We investigated whether the entities associated with troponin leakage and the prognostic consequences thereof would differ between elderly @entity1 and @entity1 from the community. DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) levels were measured using a high-sensitivity assay (Abbott Laboratories) in 70-year old @entity1 (n = 502) and @entity1 (n = 502) from the PIVUS study. All study @entity1 were followed up for 10 years regarding all-cause mortality and incident @entity65 . RESULTS: Median @entity6949 levels were 4.1 and 3.0 ng/L in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively (p<0.001). By multiple linear regression, the relative contribution of lower left-ventricular ejection fraction and ischemic ECG changes to @entity6949 levels was greater in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . For other clinical and echocardiographic variables, similar associations were found. @entity6949 independently predicted all-cause mortality in @entity1 (n = 93 [18.5%]; hazard ratio [HR] 1.38 [1.12-1.70]) and @entity1 (n = 62 [12.4%]; HR 1.59 [1.11-2.28]) but not incident CV disease in subjects being CV healthy at baseline (n = 163/857). The interaction terms of sex on the associations of @entity6949 with both outcomes were non-significant. Sex-specific cut-offs did not improve prognostication. Variations in the pattern of entities associated with @entity6949 leakage had no impact on event rates. CONCLUSIONS: We found some differences in the entities associated with higher @entity6949 levels in elderly community-dwelling @entity1 and @entity1 . However, this did not translate into differences in the associations of @entity6949 with adverse outcome.

title: XXXX levels in an elderly population from the community--The implications of sex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'Cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) disease']

answer: @entity6949 :: (7137,Gene) :: ['Cardiac troponin I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our objective was to assess potential contributing factors to implant failure (displacement or @entity397 ) after @entity702 chest wall osteosynthesis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic scans of @entity1 undergoing chest wall osteosynthesis with @entity702 implants: the Stratos or the Matrix Fixation System in two European departments of thoracic surgery. The indications for @entity702 chest wall osteosynthesis, the type and number of implants, the topography of the reconstruction, surgical @entity281 , and role of associated flap and mesh were assessed. RESULTS: Between January 2009 and January 2013, 54 @entity1 underwent osteosynthesis after surgical correction of chest wall deformities (n  = 25, 46.2%) or to bridge the defect after @entity5 removal (n  = 29, 53.7%). The topography of osteosynthesis was anterior (n  = 20), lateral (n  = 3), or posterior (n  = 1), an average of 1.9    0.9 implants (range, 1 to 5 implants) being used. A combined mesh restored continuity of the chest wall in 15 @entity1 , and muscle flap coverage was performed in 20. The mean follow-up time was 20.2    8.4 months (range, 3 to 48 months). Among these 54 @entity1 , 24 (44%) experienced an implant failure. Seven (29%) were symptomatic. Broken (n  = 20, 83.3%) or displaced (n  = 4, 16.7%) implants were removed with or without replacement. In @entity1 with broken or displaced implants, the mean duration without implant failure was 6.6    3.1 months (range, 1 to 12 months). There was a significant relationship between the anterior topography of osteosynthesis and implant failure (p  = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up after chest wall osteosynthesis using @entity702 implants is required, especially in anteriorly placed implants. The high rate of implant failure at 1 year advocates for early removal whenever possible and suggests the need for improvements in design.

title: XXXX Implant Failure After Chest Wall Osteosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['site infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: Since the internal carotid artery supplies blood to both the eye and the brain, ocular microvascular hemodynamics can be altered due to @entity385 . The purpose of the current study was to establish the feasibility of conjunctival microcirculation imaging for detection of inter-ocular differences in microvascular hemodynamics in subjects with unilateral @entity385 . Conjunctival microcirculation imaging was performed in both eyes of 15 healthy control subjects and 12 subjects following unilateral @entity385 . Diameter and axial blood velocity were measured in multiple conjunctival venules of each eye. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to determine the effects of @entity64 (control vs. @entity64 ) and side of @entity64 (ipsilateral vs. contralateral) on conjunctival diameter and axial blood velocity. There was no significant main effect of @entity64 on conjunctival diameter (P=0.7) or conjunctival axial blood velocity (P=0.9). There was no significant main effect of side of @entity64 on conjunctival diameter (P=0.8), but there was a significant main effect of side of @entity64 on conjunctival axial blood velocity (P=0.02). There was a significant interaction effect between @entity64 and side of @entity64 (P=0.04), indicating that conjunctival axial blood velocity was @entity735 than in contralateral eyes of @entity64 subjects. Conjunctival axial blood velocity and internal carotid artery blood velocity were correlated in @entity64 subjects (r=0.75, P=0.01, N=10). Conjunctival microcirculation imaging is a feasible method to detect inter-ocular differences in microvascular hemodynamics in subjects with unilateral @entity385 .

title: Feasibility of assessment of conjunctival microvascular hemodynamics in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['lower in ipsilateral eyes']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: From January 1964 to January 1968, 737 @entity1 with @entity0 were randomized at the @entity5 Institute in Milan to undergo either Halsted mastectomy or Halsted mastectomy with internal mammary node dissection; 716 were considered evaluable. The series was part of an international cooperative study. The two groups of @entity1 were comparable in age, menopausal status, quadrant distribution, and frequency of axillary metastases. No @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy or adjuvant treatments. At ten years, no difference was found in either in the length of disease-free or overall survival in the two series. The overall survival was 60.7% in @entity1 treated with Halsted mastectomy and 57.0% in @entity1 treated with Halsted mastectomy plus internal mammary dissection. In no subgroups was a statistically significant difference found. In the series treated by extended mastectomy, the incidence of internal mammary metastases was 20.5% (24.6% in cases with @entity5 in medial or central quadrants and 17.7% in cases with @entity5 in lateral quadrants). The follow-up of the @entity1 treated by Halsted mastectomy showed that only 15 had a parasternal recurrence; the expected number was 75. In nine @entity1 , parasternal recurrences were the first site of relapse of the disease. All of them were treated with radiotherapy, and in four a complete control was obtained.

title: Inefficacy of internal mammary nodes dissection in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Seven adult Abyssinian @entity468 at different stages of a recessively inherited @entity989 (progressive @entity2479 ) were studied ultrastructurally. At the stage of early disease, in 2-yr-old @entity468 , disorganized and vesiculated discs were found in less than half of the rod outer segments in the periphery, while similar changes were seen in the central retina only infrequently or in patches. Cones appeared normal in all areas of the retina at the early stage. With progression of disease, the lesions were more advanced in all areas of the retina, and involved both rods and cones, with the most severe alterations found in the midperiphery. At the advanced stage, in a 6-yr-old cat, both rods and cones were lost, the inner nuclear layer thus being separated from the pigment epithelium by M  ller cell processes and a few remaining outer plexiform processes only. Remnants of photoreceptor outer and inner segments, macrophages, and what appeared to be displaced photoreceptor cell nuclei could be found occasionally in the subretinal space, however. Clumps of pigment granules were often observed in the photoreceptor layer in the non-tapetal fundus. The pigment epithelium remained morphologically intact as a single layer of uninterrupted cells throughout the disease process, as did tapetal cells and choriocapillaris. There was no difference in the severity of disease between the peripheral tapetal and non-tapetal fundus. In the inner retina, only minor alterations were observed. These changes appeared at a later time than @entity528 , and were considered secondary to the latter.

title: Progressive XXXX in the Abyssinian cat. Electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degenerative disease']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to explore the care provision for poststroke @entity227 and variations in this in the United Kingdom. METHODS: Survey questions were developed and piloted with clinicians, academics, and users. Questions addressed types of visual problems; how these were identified, treated, and followed up; care pathways in use; links with other professions; and referral options. The survey was accessed via a Weblink, which was circulated through UK professional organizations to multiprofessional members of ophthalmic and @entity64 teams. RESULTS: A total of 548 completed electronic surveys were obtained. In all, 49.5% of respondents represented @entity64 teams, 42.5% eye teams, and 8% from other teams, for example, emergency care. Many respondents (41%) saw @entity1 within 1 week of @entity64 . Nineteen percent did not personally test vision: 11% had a visiting clinician to test vision, and 22% used screening tools. Validated tests were used for the assessment of visual acuity (39.5%), visual field (57.5%), eye movement (48.5%), and visual function (58.5%). Visual problems suspected by family or professionals were high (88.5%). Typical overall follow-up period of vision care was less than 3  months. In all, 46% of respondents used designated care pathways for @entity64 survivors with visual problems; 33.5% of respondents did not provide visual information leaflets. CONCLUSIONS: Significant inequality exists in care for @entity64 survivors who experience visual problems. There is great variability in how vision screening is undertaken, which vision tests are used, methods of referral to eye care services, how visual problems are managed, and what vision information is provided to  @entity64 survivors/carers. Further work is required to ensure equality and effective  care.

title: Care provision for poststroke XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Health-related stigma is associated with negative psychological and quality of life outcomes in @entity2 @entity1 . This study describes the impact of stigma on @entity2 @entity1 ' @entity458 and quality of life and explores the role of social constraints and illness appraisal as mediators of effect. METHODS: A self-administered cross-sectional survey examined @entity458 and quality of life in 151 @entity1 (59% response rate) diagnosed with @entity2 from Queensland and New South Wales. Health-related stigma, social constraints and illness appraisals were assessed as predictors of adjustment outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-nine percent of @entity1 reported elevated @entity148 ; 41% were @entity308 ; and 51% had high global distress. Health-related stigma was significantly related to @entity458 and quality of life with greater stigma and shame related to poorer outcomes. These effects were mediated by illness appraisals and social constraints. CONCLUSIONS: Health-related stigma appears to contribute to poorer adjustment by constraining interpersonal discussions about @entity5 and heightening feelings of threat. There is a need for the development and evaluation of interventions to ameliorate the negative effects of health-related stigma among @entity2 @entity1 .    2015 The Authors. Psycho-Oncology Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Psychological distress and quality of life in XXXX : the role of health-related stigma, illness appraisals and social constraints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress', 'global psychological distress']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2012 in England, a total of 3717 cases were reported with evidence of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) infection, and the crude incidence of STEC infection was 1  80/100 000 @entity1 -years. Incidence was highest in @entity1 aged 1-4 years (7  63/100 000 @entity1 -years). Females had a higher incidence of STEC than males [rate ratio (RR) 1  24, P < 0  001], and white ethnic groups had a higher incidence than non-white ethnic groups (RR 1  43, P < 0  001). Progression to @entity2142 ( @entity2142 ) was more frequent in females and @entity1 . Non-O157 STEC strains were associated with higher hospitalization and @entity2142 rates than O157 STEC strains. In STEC O157 cases, phage type (PT) 21/28, predominantly indigenously acquired, was also associated with more severe disease than other PTs, as were strains encoding @entity23345 genes. Incidence of STEC was over four times higher in @entity1 residing in rural areas than urban areas (RR 4  39, P < 0  001). Exposure to livestock and/or their faeces was reported twice as often in cases living in rural areas than urban areas (P < 0  001). Environmental/animal contact remains an important risk factor for STEC transmission and is a significant driver in the burden of sporadic STEC infection. The most commonly detected STEC serogroup in England was O157. However, a bias in testing methods results in an unquantifiable under-ascertainment of non-O157 STEC infections. Implementation of PCR-based diagnostic methods designed to detect all STEC, to address this diagnostic deficit, is therefore important.

title: The epidemiology, microbiology and clinical impact of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX in England, 2009-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic uraemic syndrome', 'HUS']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) has various manifestations with respect to the localization of the @entity1184 . In this study we report clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic (echo), and hemodynamic findings in @entity3885 ( @entity3885 ), an uncommon form of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) in 9 @entity1 . The prevalence of systolic anterior motion of anterior mitral leaflet (SAM) in @entity3885 , an echocardiographic diagnostic hallmark in @entity1121 , was another purpose of this study. All @entity1 had complete clinical, ECG, echo, and hemodynamic workup, including left ventricular (in 4 @entity1 simultaneous biventricular, SBVA) and coronary angiograms. All @entity1 had @entity1353 and palpitations, @entity662 , 2 had @entity1163 . In the ECG, @entity955 was present in 2, and @entity4346 in 9 @entity1 . Septal and left ventricular free wall thickening was significantly present in all @entity1 in echo, and SAM in 1 @entity1 . The intraventricular gradient (IVG) was 40-176 mmHg, in 1 case 40 mmHg by provocation, Brockenbrough was positive in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 had right ventricular IVG. A positive beta-blocking agent effect was present in 6 cases. The best localization of the obstruction was possible with SBVA and 2D-echo. We conclude that @entity3885 has all the signs of @entity1121 , but SAM in echocardiography is uncommon. SAM is occasionally present and is not a necessary factor to produce an intraventricular pressure gradient in @entity1121 , especially in @entity3885 . It seems that @entity1184 right @entity67 is relatively common in @entity3885 (2 of 9 cases), and may have the same obstructive mechanism.

title: Midventricular obstruction--a form of XXXX --and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['midventricular obstruction', 'MO']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phylloides @entity5 are rare @entity0 with a variable clinical course depending on the @entity5 category. Along with histologic features, the role of immunohistochemical staining has been studied in predicting their behavior. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the role of @entity2282 immunohistochemical staining in predicting survival, recurrence and @entity3 in phylloides @entity5 . We also evaluated correlations of other clinicopathological features with overall and disease-free survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2282 expression was studied in 82 phylloides @entity5 divided into recurrent/metastatic and non-recurrent/non-metastatic cohorts. The Chi-square test was applied to determine the significance of differences in @entity2282 expression between outcome cohorts. Uni and multivariate survival analyses were also performed using log-rank test and Cox regression hazard models. RESULTS: All 3 metastatic cases, 5 out of 6 (83.3%) recurrent cases and 37out of 73 (50.7%) non-recurrent and non-metastatic cases expressed significant (2+ or 3+) staining for @entity2282 . This expression significantly varied between outcome cohorts (p<0.03). @entity5 category and histological features including mitotic count and @entity39 correlated significantly with recurrence and @entity3 . A significant decrease in overall and disease free survival was seen with @entity2282 positivity, malignant category, increased mitoses and @entity39 . Neither @entity2282 expression nor any other clinicopathologic feature proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2282 immunohistochemical staining can be used as a predictive tool for phylloides @entity5 but this expression should be interpreted in conjunction with @entity5 category.

title: Role of XXXX Immunohistochemical Expression in Predicting Aggressive Behavior of Phylloides Tumors.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2282 :: (4311,Gene) :: ['CD10']


abstract: Seventeen @entity748 @entity1 were allocated at random to one of two treatment regimens: prophylactic (10 @entity1 ), in which @entity3045 inhaler was used regularly in a dose of 200 micrograms 4-times daily; or symptomatic (7 @entity1 ), in which a placebo inhaler was used regularly as 2 actuations 4-times daily. In both regimens, an 'escape' @entity3045 inhaler was given to be used for symptomatic relief if and when needed. The study lasted 12 months, after a run-in period of 1 month to accustom @entity1 to the trial procedure. At the end of the year, 16 @entity1 transferred to the alternative regimen for a further 3 months. Both groups were well matched except that the group starting with the prophylactic regimen had more severe airways obstruction than the symptomatic group. @entity1 were assessed by daily scores of their @entity748 symptoms, twice daily PEFR measurements and the amount of anti- @entity748 medication used. Acute reversibility tests were performed every month at the clinic visits. @entity1 treated prophylactically had less seasonal variation in PEFR and generally lower symptom scores despite a lower mean PEFR. There was no evidence to suggest tolerance was developing either by acute reversibility tests or by an escalating use of symptomatic @entity3045 or other anti- @entity565 medication. The prophylactic use of @entity3045 seemed to provide a more stable control of @entity565 , offering potential benefit to @entity1 .

title: Long-term regularly inhaled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: @entity1640 and mesencephalic neural sites regulating the biphasic effect of @entity1420 (P) were investigated using the hormone implantation technique in ovariectomized female @entity329 primed with @entity172 . Double barreled cannulae were implanted unilaterally and bilaterally in the medial preoptic area, anterior @entity2339 , @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ), central gray, or interpeduncular nucleus. Testing was conducted using a sequential paradigm; facilitation tests commenced after 44 h of @entity172 priming. P-filled cannulae placed in the @entity2339 region facilitated @entity146 in 42% and 60% of unilaterally and bilaterally implanted females, respectively. In the anterior @entity2339 , only P implants adjacent to the @entity2339 area effectively promoted receptivity. @entity146 was also observed in 20-36% of females with P implants in the medial preoptic area. P implants in central gray and interpeduncular nucleus regions had no significant facilitating effect on sexual behavior. Tests for inhibition occurred 24 h after facilitation testing and consisted of a pretest, followed by systemic P administration and a behavioral test 4-5 h later. During the pretest for inhibition, females that were receptive in the facilitation test attacked males more rapidly than previously nonreceptive animals and showed decrements in @entity1515 scores after systemic P delivery. This biphasic effect of P completely inhibited receptivity among several animals in the @entity2339 group. Additional experiments, however, investigating the biphasic effect of P implants in the @entity2339 suggested that the occurrence of copulation in the facilitation test may have been involved in mediating the subsequent increase in aggressive behavior and the suppression of sexual responsiveness in the inhibition test. Nevertheless, a final experiment showed that when P was implanted sequentially in the @entity2339 , facilitation and, more importantly, a later reduction in @entity1515 behavioral scores occurred even when copulation was eliminated in the facilitation test. P implants in mesencephalic regions exerted no significant inhibitory effect on receptivity. These findings demonstrate that the biphasic action of P in the female hamster is regulated by nerve cells located in the diencephalon, especially in the @entity2339 region.

title: Intracranial sites regulating the biphasic action of @entity1420 in @entity172 -primed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Diencephalic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Lordosis behavior', 'lordosis behavior']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['ventromedial hypothalamus', 'VMH', 'hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamsters']


abstract: @entity1640 and mesencephalic neural sites regulating the biphasic effect of @entity1420 (P) were investigated using the hormone implantation technique in ovariectomized female @entity329 primed with @entity172 . Double barreled cannulae were implanted unilaterally and bilaterally in the medial preoptic area, anterior @entity2339 , @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ), central gray, or interpeduncular nucleus. Testing was conducted using a sequential paradigm; facilitation tests commenced after 44 h of @entity172 priming. P-filled cannulae placed in the @entity2339 region facilitated @entity146 in 42% and 60% of unilaterally and bilaterally implanted females, respectively. In the anterior @entity2339 , only P implants adjacent to the @entity2339 area effectively promoted receptivity. @entity146 was also observed in 20-36% of females with P implants in the medial preoptic area. P implants in central gray and interpeduncular nucleus regions had no significant facilitating effect on sexual behavior. Tests for inhibition occurred 24 h after facilitation testing and consisted of a pretest, followed by systemic P administration and a behavioral test 4-5 h later. During the pretest for inhibition, females that were receptive in the facilitation test attacked males more rapidly than previously nonreceptive animals and showed decrements in @entity1515 scores after systemic P delivery. This biphasic effect of P completely inhibited receptivity among several animals in the @entity2339 group. Additional experiments, however, investigating the biphasic effect of P implants in the @entity2339 suggested that the occurrence of copulation in the facilitation test may have been involved in mediating the subsequent increase in aggressive behavior and the suppression of sexual responsiveness in the inhibition test. Nevertheless, a final experiment showed that when P was implanted sequentially in the @entity2339 , facilitation and, more importantly, a later reduction in @entity1515 behavioral scores occurred even when copulation was eliminated in the facilitation test. P implants in mesencephalic regions exerted no significant inhibitory effect on receptivity. These findings demonstrate that the biphasic action of P in the female hamster is regulated by nerve cells located in the diencephalon, especially in the @entity2339 region.

title: Intracranial sites regulating the biphasic action of @entity1420 in XXXX -primed @entity329 .

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity1640 and mesencephalic neural sites regulating the biphasic effect of @entity1420 (P) were investigated using the hormone implantation technique in ovariectomized female @entity329 primed with @entity172 . Double barreled cannulae were implanted unilaterally and bilaterally in the medial preoptic area, anterior @entity2339 , @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ), central gray, or interpeduncular nucleus. Testing was conducted using a sequential paradigm; facilitation tests commenced after 44 h of @entity172 priming. P-filled cannulae placed in the @entity2339 region facilitated @entity146 in 42% and 60% of unilaterally and bilaterally implanted females, respectively. In the anterior @entity2339 , only P implants adjacent to the @entity2339 area effectively promoted receptivity. @entity146 was also observed in 20-36% of females with P implants in the medial preoptic area. P implants in central gray and interpeduncular nucleus regions had no significant facilitating effect on sexual behavior. Tests for inhibition occurred 24 h after facilitation testing and consisted of a pretest, followed by systemic P administration and a behavioral test 4-5 h later. During the pretest for inhibition, females that were receptive in the facilitation test attacked males more rapidly than previously nonreceptive animals and showed decrements in @entity1515 scores after systemic P delivery. This biphasic effect of P completely inhibited receptivity among several animals in the @entity2339 group. Additional experiments, however, investigating the biphasic effect of P implants in the @entity2339 suggested that the occurrence of copulation in the facilitation test may have been involved in mediating the subsequent increase in aggressive behavior and the suppression of sexual responsiveness in the inhibition test. Nevertheless, a final experiment showed that when P was implanted sequentially in the @entity2339 , facilitation and, more importantly, a later reduction in @entity1515 behavioral scores occurred even when copulation was eliminated in the facilitation test. P implants in mesencephalic regions exerted no significant inhibitory effect on receptivity. These findings demonstrate that the biphasic action of P in the female hamster is regulated by nerve cells located in the diencephalon, especially in the @entity2339 region.

title: Intracranial sites regulating the biphasic action of XXXX in @entity172 -primed @entity329 .

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the site of initial @entity651 in @entity9927 . A hotel fire in Houston, Texas, resulted in the on-site deaths of 10 white @entity1 (2 to 62 years of age). All underwent autopsy examinations which included measurement of @entity1223 (CO) and @entity3789 (CN) levels, as well as electron microscopy of lung samples. Average CO levels of 40% and CN levels of 0.6 ppm were obtained. In all cases, the lungs were heavy, hyperemic, and @entity4 with soot staining the tracheobronchial mucosa. Light microscopy showed soot, @entity891 , and @entity4 . Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of interstitial and @entity384 and @entity4 . @entity505 particles were also present, and occasionally were seen undergoing phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. Intracellular @entity4 with @entity4530 and vesicle formation was prominent within Type I pneumocytes in 9 of 10 cases. Endothelial cells showed similar but much less severe changes, lacking the distinct blebs seen in the Type I cells. This investigation reveals that @entity9927 , like @entity3265 inhalation and @entity32428 instillation, appears to cause @entity3126 by @entity130 to the Type I pneumocyte.

title: XXXX : an ultrastructural study of reaction to injury in the @entity1 alveolar wall.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['focal bleb']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['intraalveolar congestion']

entities_list: @entity32428 :: ('MESH:D017942', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric acid']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['smoke', 'smoke inhalation']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

answer: @entity9927 :: (MESH:D015208,Disease) :: ['Smoke inhalation']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the site of initial @entity651 in @entity9927 . A hotel fire in Houston, Texas, resulted in the on-site deaths of 10 white @entity1 (2 to 62 years of age). All underwent autopsy examinations which included measurement of @entity1223 (CO) and @entity3789 (CN) levels, as well as electron microscopy of lung samples. Average CO levels of 40% and CN levels of 0.6 ppm were obtained. In all cases, the lungs were heavy, hyperemic, and @entity4 with soot staining the tracheobronchial mucosa. Light microscopy showed soot, @entity891 , and @entity4 . Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of interstitial and @entity384 and @entity4 . @entity505 particles were also present, and occasionally were seen undergoing phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. Intracellular @entity4 with @entity4530 and vesicle formation was prominent within Type I pneumocytes in 9 of 10 cases. Endothelial cells showed similar but much less severe changes, lacking the distinct blebs seen in the Type I cells. This investigation reveals that @entity9927 , like @entity3265 inhalation and @entity32428 instillation, appears to cause @entity3126 by @entity130 to the Type I pneumocyte.

title: @entity9927 : an ultrastructural study of reaction to injury in the XXXX alveolar wall.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity513 in situ are treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy. The impact of an additive boost radiation is under evaluation. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 treated for @entity513 in situ with breast-conserving surgery and whole breast radiation therapy at a total dose of 45Gy with a boost radiation from 1990 to 2008 have been included in this retrospective monocentric retrospective study. RESULTS: We included 171 @entity1 . Boost radiation to the surgical bed was delivered by brachytherapy in 66 @entity1 (39%), by direct en-face electron beam in 86 @entity1 (50%), and by tangential fields using photon beams in 19 @entity1 (11%). Median follow-up was 95.1months. Eight local relapses (4.6%) have occurred. The 10-year local recurrence-free survival rate was 97%. The 10-year overall survival rate was 98%. On multivariable analysis, brachytherapy (P=0.05; HR=5.15; IC=1-26.3) was associated with a reduction risk of local recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION: In our experience, @entity1 treated for a @entity513 in situ with breast-conserving surgery and whole breast radiation therapy with a boost radiation have a high 10-year local recurrence-free survival rate.

title: [ XXXX in situ treated with radiation therapy and additional boost].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['Ductal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity11 tissues, there are small cell populations with the capability of sustaining @entity5 formation. These cells are referred to as @entity11 stem cells (GSCs). However, the presence of subpopulations of GSCs, and the differences between each subpopulation remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, @entity16533  -/A2B5  - and @entity16533  -/A2B5+ cells from the SHG139 GSC cell line (SHG139s) were isolated using magnetic  -activated cell sorting. Following xenografting into @entity19 , the two isolated subpopulations generated @entity5 . The characteristics of the two subpopulations were investigated extensively, and it was found that the two exhibited @entity5 stem cell characteristics. These cells expressed stem cell markers, exhibited a neurosphere  -like appearance, and were found to exhibit self  -renewal and multipotency capabilities. Subsequently, the self  -renewal and proliferation abilities of the two subpopulations were compared. It was found that the A2B5  - cells had a higher proliferative index and a higher self  -renewal ability, compared with the A2B5+ cells. In addition, the A2B5  - cells exhibited increased angiogenic ability. However, the invasion ability of the A2B5+ cells was higher than that of the A2B5  - cells. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that there are different cell subpopulations in GSCs, and each subpopulation has its own properties.

title: Isolation and characteristics of XXXX  -/A2B5+ and @entity16533  -/A2B5  - cells from the SHG139s cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity16533 :: (19126(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD133']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity11 tissues, there are small cell populations with the capability of sustaining @entity5 formation. These cells are referred to as @entity11 stem cells (GSCs). However, the presence of subpopulations of GSCs, and the differences between each subpopulation remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, @entity16533  -/A2B5  - and @entity16533  -/A2B5+ cells from the SHG139 GSC cell line (SHG139s) were isolated using magnetic  -activated cell sorting. Following xenografting into @entity19 , the two isolated subpopulations generated @entity5 . The characteristics of the two subpopulations were investigated extensively, and it was found that the two exhibited @entity5 stem cell characteristics. These cells expressed stem cell markers, exhibited a neurosphere  -like appearance, and were found to exhibit self  -renewal and multipotency capabilities. Subsequently, the self  -renewal and proliferation abilities of the two subpopulations were compared. It was found that the A2B5  - cells had a higher proliferative index and a higher self  -renewal ability, compared with the A2B5+ cells. In addition, the A2B5  - cells exhibited increased angiogenic ability. However, the invasion ability of the A2B5+ cells was higher than that of the A2B5  - cells. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that there are different cell subpopulations in GSCs, and each subpopulation has its own properties.

title: Isolation and characteristics of @entity16533  -/A2B5+ and XXXX  -/A2B5  - cells from the SHG139s cell line.

answer: @entity16533 :: (19126(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD133']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few reports describe the influence pregnancy has on the annualized relapse rate (ARR) in @entity1652 spectrum disorder (NMOSD). OBJECTIVE: To examine pregnancy-related attacks (attacks during pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum) and identify the risk factors for an attack in Japanese NMOSD @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 139 Japanese @entity1 whom had @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ) antibody-positive NMOSD. Among the 114 @entity1 with information, 47 @entity1 had 56 pregnancies. We compared the ARR before, during and after pregnancy. RESULTS: Of the 47 NMOSD @entity1 with pregnancy, 22 @entity1 (46.8%) had a @entity66 (either an onset event or a relapse). The ARR was significantly higher in the first 3 months postpartum (1.80    2.04), than before the pregnancy (0.57    1.16; p = 0.0043) and did not significantly decrease during pregnancy. The ARR before hospitalization and treatment was analyzable in 55 @entity1 without pregnancy and was 1.09    1.17. Among the 11 @entity1 with onset before pregnancy, nine @entity1 had a @entity2142 with a relapse in the previous year, and their immunosuppression was discontinued or made to be at low doses; while the two @entity1 on higher-dose therapies were relapse-free. CONCLUSION: In the present study, @entity2142 was common in NMOSD, and unlike in @entity15 , the ARR was not reduced during pregnancy. Discontinued or insufficient immunosuppression appeared to increase the risk of @entity2142 .

title: Pregnancy-related relapse risk factors in women with anti- XXXX antibody positivity and @entity1652 spectrum disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy-related attack of the disease']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy-related attack']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity3951 :: (361,Gene) :: ['AQP4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few reports describe the influence pregnancy has on the annualized relapse rate (ARR) in @entity1652 spectrum disorder (NMOSD). OBJECTIVE: To examine pregnancy-related attacks (attacks during pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum) and identify the risk factors for an attack in Japanese NMOSD @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 139 Japanese @entity1 whom had @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ) antibody-positive NMOSD. Among the 114 @entity1 with information, 47 @entity1 had 56 pregnancies. We compared the ARR before, during and after pregnancy. RESULTS: Of the 47 NMOSD @entity1 with pregnancy, 22 @entity1 (46.8%) had a @entity66 (either an onset event or a relapse). The ARR was significantly higher in the first 3 months postpartum (1.80    2.04), than before the pregnancy (0.57    1.16; p = 0.0043) and did not significantly decrease during pregnancy. The ARR before hospitalization and treatment was analyzable in 55 @entity1 without pregnancy and was 1.09    1.17. Among the 11 @entity1 with onset before pregnancy, nine @entity1 had a @entity2142 with a relapse in the previous year, and their immunosuppression was discontinued or made to be at low doses; while the two @entity1 on higher-dose therapies were relapse-free. CONCLUSION: In the present study, @entity2142 was common in NMOSD, and unlike in @entity15 , the ARR was not reduced during pregnancy. Discontinued or insufficient immunosuppression appeared to increase the risk of @entity2142 .

title: Pregnancy-related relapse risk factors in women with anti- @entity3951 antibody positivity and XXXX spectrum disorder.

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: We have described elsewhere neurons in the ventral basal forebrain of @entity468 that have elevated discharge rates during sleep and during transitions from waking to sleep, yet have comparatively low discharge rates during waking. These @entity528 may mediate the hypnogenic properties of the basal forebrain. To further evaluate their role in the control of sleep, we examined the effects of basal forebrain lesions produced by microinjections of the relatively cell-selective neurotoxin, @entity4176 , on sleep. Lesions were made bilaterally in two regions that contain high densities of @entity528 : the horizontal limb of the diagonal bands of Broca and the lateral preoptic area-substantia innominata. Twelve-hour polygraph recordings were made before and at various intervals after basal forebrain damage in a total of eight @entity468 . The lesions resulted in reduced time spent in deep, nonrapid eye-movement sleep and REM sleep, and increased time spent awake. These abnormalities persisted through 6 to 7 weeks postlesion. Reductions in deep non-REM sleep were due to @entity393 , particularly in the number of extended deep non-REM episodes (i.e., those greater than 5 min in duration). The number of @entity1949 was also significantly reduced. The average duration of epochs of waking was elevated throughout the postlesion period. Thus, in the postlesion period, @entity468 exhibited an impaired ability to initiate and maintain consolidated periods of sleep, particularly of @entity5 . Lesions were also associated with reduced EEG spindling during sleep. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that @entity528 are a component of a basal forebrain sleep- and EEG-regulating mechanism.

title: Sleep suppression following XXXX -induced lesions of the basal forebrain.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep episodes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deeper sleep stages']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in bout number']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-active neurons']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide results from the largest study of new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 to date and specifically evaluate if @entity1 with primary new daily persistent @entity10 develop @entity62 or @entity1188 on neuroimaging. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 medical records utilizing an electronic medical record system. All @entity1 were seen at a @entity10 specialty clinic by a single @entity10 neurologist and diagnosed with primary new daily persistent @entity10 during the time period of January 2009 to January 2013. RESULTS: Altogether, 97 @entity1 were diagnosed with primary new daily persistent @entity10 (65 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ). The mean average age of onset was slightly younger in @entity1 than @entity1 : 32.4 years vs. 35.8 years. In total, 84 of the 97 new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 had no @entity62 or @entity1188 on magnetic resonance imaging with a gender distribution of 56 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 . The mean age of onset of this white matter negative subgroup was 31.1 years. Of these individuals, 36% had cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk factors and 44% had a history of @entity2704 . Only 13 new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 (nine @entity1 , four @entity1 ) demonstrated @entity62 on magnetic resonance imaging. None had @entity1188 . The mean age of onset of this white matter positive subgroup was 54.2 years, significantly older than the white matter negative population (p   <   .05). All new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 in the white matter positive subgroup had cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk factors and dual risk factors were noted in seven of 13 @entity1 . Only 23% had a @entity2704 history. Almost 40% of the @entity1 in the white matter negative group were imaged 3 years after @entity10 onset and at least six @entity1 were imaged at least 9 years or more after onset of new daily persistent @entity10 . Triggering events in both @entity62 positive and negative populations were typical of the new daily persistent @entity10 population as a whole and not specific to the presence or absence of brain imaging lesions except for a post-surgery trigger, which was significantly more likely to occur in the white matter positive group. @entity2704 associated symptoms occurred in 77% of the white matter negative subgroup compared with 46% of the white matter positive subgroup, which was a significant difference. CONCLUSION: @entity62 and @entity1188 do not appear to occur in primary new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 . Only new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 with risk factors (cardiovascular/cerebrovascular or @entity2704 ) developed @entity62 on brain magnetic resonance imaging. No @entity1 with new daily persistent @entity10 developed @entity1188 . New daily persistent @entity10 triggering events (outside of possibly post-surgery) or the presence of @entity2704 did not appear to enhance the development of @entity62 .

title: New daily persistent XXXX : A lack of an association with @entity62 on neuroimaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine', 'migrainous symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White matter abnormalities', 'white matter lesion', 'white matter abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide results from the largest study of new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 to date and specifically evaluate if @entity1 with primary new daily persistent @entity10 develop @entity62 or @entity1188 on neuroimaging. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 medical records utilizing an electronic medical record system. All @entity1 were seen at a @entity10 specialty clinic by a single @entity10 neurologist and diagnosed with primary new daily persistent @entity10 during the time period of January 2009 to January 2013. RESULTS: Altogether, 97 @entity1 were diagnosed with primary new daily persistent @entity10 (65 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ). The mean average age of onset was slightly younger in @entity1 than @entity1 : 32.4 years vs. 35.8 years. In total, 84 of the 97 new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 had no @entity62 or @entity1188 on magnetic resonance imaging with a gender distribution of 56 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 . The mean age of onset of this white matter negative subgroup was 31.1 years. Of these individuals, 36% had cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk factors and 44% had a history of @entity2704 . Only 13 new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 (nine @entity1 , four @entity1 ) demonstrated @entity62 on magnetic resonance imaging. None had @entity1188 . The mean age of onset of this white matter positive subgroup was 54.2 years, significantly older than the white matter negative population (p   <   .05). All new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 in the white matter positive subgroup had cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk factors and dual risk factors were noted in seven of 13 @entity1 . Only 23% had a @entity2704 history. Almost 40% of the @entity1 in the white matter negative group were imaged 3 years after @entity10 onset and at least six @entity1 were imaged at least 9 years or more after onset of new daily persistent @entity10 . Triggering events in both @entity62 positive and negative populations were typical of the new daily persistent @entity10 population as a whole and not specific to the presence or absence of brain imaging lesions except for a post-surgery trigger, which was significantly more likely to occur in the white matter positive group. @entity2704 associated symptoms occurred in 77% of the white matter negative subgroup compared with 46% of the white matter positive subgroup, which was a significant difference. CONCLUSION: @entity62 and @entity1188 do not appear to occur in primary new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 . Only new daily persistent @entity10 @entity1 with risk factors (cardiovascular/cerebrovascular or @entity2704 ) developed @entity62 on brain magnetic resonance imaging. No @entity1 with new daily persistent @entity10 developed @entity1188 . New daily persistent @entity10 triggering events (outside of possibly post-surgery) or the presence of @entity2704 did not appear to enhance the development of @entity62 .

title: New daily persistent @entity10 : A lack of an association with XXXX on neuroimaging.

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The behavioral variant of frontotemporal @entity303 (bvFTD) can be difficult to diagnose because of the extensive differential diagnosis, including many other diseases presenting with a @entity75 . We aimed to identify the diagnostic spectrum causing a late onset @entity75 and examine the quality of commonly used instruments to distinguish between bvFTD and non-bvFTD @entity1 , within this syndrome. METHODS: A total of 137 @entity1 fulfilling the criteria of late onset @entity75 , aged 45 to 75 years, were included in a prospective observational study. Diagnoses were made after clinical and neuropsychological examination, and neuroimaging and cerebral spinal fluid results were taken into account. Baseline characteristics and the scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI), and Stereotypy Rating Inventory (SRI) were compared between the bvFTD and the non-bvFTD group. RESULTS: Fifty-five (40%) of the @entity1 received a bvFTD diagnosis (33% probable and 7% possible bvFTD). Fifty-one @entity1 (37%) had a @entity146 , including 20 with major @entity308 . Thirty-one @entity1 received an alternative neurological, including neurodegenerative, diagnosis. MMSE and FAB scores were unspecific for a particular diagnosis. A score above 12 on the positive FBI subscale or a score above 5 on the SRI were indicative of a bvFTD diagnosis. CONCLUSION: A broad spectrum of both neurological and @entity146 underlies late onset @entity75 , of which bvFTD was the most prevalent diagnosis in our cohort. The commonly used MMSE and the FAB could not successfully distinguish between bvFTD and non-bvFTD, but this could be achieved with the more specific FBI and SRI.

title: Identifying bvFTD Within the Wide Spectrum of Late Onset XXXX : A Clinical Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe syndrome']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Frontal Lobe Syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) receptors in the mouth signal brain areas involved in cognitive tasks relying upon motivation and task persistence; however, the minimal @entity435 dose that improves mental activity is unclear. PURPOSE: To determine if @entity435 (via ingestion or oral rinse) influences sustained attention without eliciting glycemic responses when in a fasted state. METHODS: Study A: Six healthy adults completed five treatment trials, ingesting 0-6% @entity435 solutions to evaluate glycemic response. Peak blood @entity413 for 6% and 1.5% @entity435 was greater (p<0.05) than 0% and 0.4% @entity435 ; thus, the low 0.4% @entity435 was evaluated further. Study B: Following an overnight fast, ten healthy adults completed three trials in a crossover design: 1) 400ml 0.4% @entity435 ingested serially via 25ml boluses, 2) 375ml 0% @entity435 control (CON) ingested followed by one 25ml 6% @entity435 isocaloric (1.5g @entity435 ) mouth rinse, and 3) CON ingest followed by CON rinse. Following treatments, a 20min Continuous Performance Task (CPT) was performed to assess accuracy and precision. RESULTS: Accuracy and precision were not different during the first 5min of CPT. However, accuracy was maintained with @entity435 ingest (p=1.0) but decreased over 20min (p<0.05) with both @entity435 and CON rinse treatments. Precision tended to decline over 20min CPT with CON (p=0.06) and @entity435 rinse (p=0.05) but were maintained with @entity435 ingest (p=1.0). No differences in glycemic responses were observed between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2133 rinsing CON or @entity435 (1.5g in 6% @entity435 ), ingestion of an isocaloric low- @entity435 drink maintained sustained attention over a mentally fatiguing task and appears effective after fasting without eliciting a glycemic response.

title: XXXX ingestion but not mouth rinse maintains sustained attention when fasted.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Compared to mouth']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Objective motor performance measures, especially gait assessment, could improve evaluation of @entity1643 surgeries. However, no study has compared the relative effectiveness of gait parameters for assessing motor performance in @entity1643 after surgery. The purpose of the current review was to determine the sensitive gait parameters that address physical improvements in each specific @entity74 after surgical intervention. METHODS: Articles were searched with the following inclusion criteria: 1) population studied consisted of individuals with @entity1643 requiring surgery; 2) @entity1643 was measured objectively using gait assessment tests pre- and post-surgery. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using Delphi consensus, and meta-analysis was performed to compare pre- and post-surgical changes. FINDINGS: Thirteen articles met inclusion criteria, which, almost exclusively, addressed two types of spinal disorders/interventions: 1) @entity1635 /spinal fusion; and 2) @entity850 /decompression. For @entity1 with @entity1635 , improvements in hip and shoulder motion (effect size=0.32-1.58), energy expenditure (effect size=0.59-1.18), and activity symmetry of upper-body muscles during gait were present after spinal fusion. For @entity1 with @entity612 , increases in gait speed, stride length, cadence, symmetry, walking smoothness, and walking endurance (effect size=0.60-2.50), and decrease in gait variability (effect size=1.45) were observed after decompression surgery. INTERPRETATION: For @entity1 with @entity1635 , gait improvements can be better assessed by measuring upper-body motion and EMG rather than the lower extremities. For @entity1 with @entity612 , motor performance improvements can be captured by measuring walking spatio-temporal parameters, gait patterns, and walking endurance.

title: Gait behaviors as an objective surgical outcome in XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back disorders', 'low back disorder']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back disorders']


abstract: Sera from 1661 @entity1 in 12 age groups from 0 to 79 years were titrated for toxoplasma antibodies in the indirect immunofluorescence test. The sera were collected from @entity1 with symptoms suggestive of acute, mainly respiratory, @entity1800 . After the first year of life, the prevalence of antibodies started to rise, reaching 59% between 40 and 79 years of age. From the prevalence of antibodies in different age groups the annual infection risk, i.e, the risk of a non-immune @entity1 acquiring toxoplasma infection, was estimated for successive age periods. The estimated annual infection risk increased from 0 . 5% in early childhood to 3% during adolescence and early adult life. Approximately 70--80% of females entered the age of reproduction without evidence of seroimmunity to toxoplasma. The risk of @entity281 during pregnancy was estimated from the age distribution of parturient @entity1 in The Netherlands in 1975 and the age-specific incidence of @entity281 , i.e. the incidence in the total population of susceptible and immune @entity1 . This incidence of @entity281 decreased from 1 . 62% per 9 months at the age of 17 1/2--20 years to 0 . 37% at the age of 37--45 years. The incidence of @entity281 in pregnant @entity1 was estimated to be 1 . 25%.

title: Prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies according to age with comments on the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infections', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['prenatal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Much attention has been paid to neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) as a new strategy especially for borderline resectable @entity788 (BRPC). However, the optimal indication of NAT remains undetermined. METHODS: We analyzed 248 @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). One hundred resectable @entity5 were classified as R group. @entity5 with @entity1211 were classified as BR-P group, while 31 @entity5 with arterial involvement were classified as BR-A group. Ninety-nine @entity1 received NAT. Furthermore, 48 unresectable locally advanced @entity788 served as controls (LAPC group). Among them, 11 @entity1 received adjuvant surgery afterwards (Ad-surg group). RESULTS: The overall median survival time in the R, BR-P and BR-A groups was 45.3, 24.8 and 16.8   months. In the R and BR-P groups, @entity1 treated with NAT had a better prognosis than those without. In contrast, NAT had no impact on prognosis in the BR-A group. @entity1 treated with NAT in the BR-P, but not BR-A group, had a better prognosis than @entity1 in the LAPC group. Furthermore, @entity1 in the Ad-surg group had a significantly better prognosis than @entity1 in the BR-A group. CONCLUSIONS: Borderline resectable @entity788 with @entity1211 , but without arterial involvement, may be a good indication for NAT. Our data highlight the importance of preoperative resectability assessment to evaluate the indication and efficacy of NAT.

title: Importance of resectability status in neoadjuvant treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous involvement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Sixty-nine tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic significance of histologic type/subtype in a large series of @entity1 with primary resected @entity242 . BACKGROUND: The histologic diversity and rarity of @entity242 has hampered the ability to predict @entity1 outcome. METHODS: From a single-institution, prospective database, 675 @entity1 treated surgically for primary, nonmetastatic @entity242 during 1982 to 2010 were identified and histologic type/subtype was reviewed. Clinicopathologic variables were analyzed for association with disease-specific death (DSD), local recurrence (LR), and distant recurrence (DR). RESULTS: Median follow-up for survivors was 7.5 years. The predominant histologies were well-differentiated @entity1821 , @entity1821 , and @entity1822 . Five-year cumulative incidence of DSD was 31%, and factors independently associated with DSD were R2 resection, resection of 3 or more contiguous organs, and histologic type. Five-year cumulative incidence for LR was 39% and for DR was 24%. R1 resection, age, @entity5 size, and histologic type were independently associated with LR; size, resection of 3 or more organs, and histologic type were independently associated with DR. @entity1821 and @entity1822 were associated with late recurrence and DSD (as long as 15 years from diagnosis). For solitary @entity5 , LR was uncommon (<10%), but early distant recurrence was common (36% at 5 years). Nomograms were developed to predict DSD, LR, and DR. CONCLUSIONS: Histologic type/subtype is the most important independent predictor of DSD, LR, and DR in primary @entity242 . Histology predicts the pattern and incidence of LR and DR and will aid in more accurate @entity1 counseling and selection of @entity1 for adjuvant therapy trials.

title: Histology-based Classification Predicts Pattern of Recurrence and Improves Risk Stratification in Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma', 'dedifferentiated liposarcoma', 'Liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Retroperitoneal Sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity204 among @entity1 . Secondary prevention may enable early detection, but this is suboptimal among all Iranian @entity1 . METHODS: This was a descriptive, analytic cross sectional study on 385 @entity1 35 years old or more with no history of @entity0 . @entity1 were selected by simple randomized method and were assessed through a two-part self-administered questionnaire and a self-examination checklist with content validity and test-re-test reliability. RESULTS: 14.8% of @entity1 carried out @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Among them 5.7% was done in adequate timing and 9.4% performed it on a regular basis. The average age of @entity0 onset was 20.1    7.6 and mean of Score was 6.25    2.26 (2-11). 2.3% of @entity1 performed @entity0 poorly, 7.5% fairly and 1.6% performed it well. 25.84% of samples had a history of mammography that 13% of whom received it as a result of prescription. The average age for mammography was 36    7.2 (20-50) years and the frequency of mammography was 1.8    1.4 (1-8) of times. Due to the low percentage of @entity0 preventive behaviors, in this study knowledge towards @entity0 was also measured because they are factors that are crucial in performance. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the need to educate Iranian @entity1 to recognize the risk factors to promote early detection of @entity0 . Creation of health behavioral by focused educational programs might cause decrease of @entity0 prevalence.

title: Breast self examination and mammography in cancer screening: XXXX health protective behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast self examination', 'breast cancer', 'BC', 'BSE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We previously provided evidence from isotope-exchange measurements under non-equilibrium conditions that hexokinase B from @entity35 muscle follows a compulsory-order mechanism with @entity413 binding before @entity855 , and with both @entity3776 and @entity855 capable of binding allosterically [Gregoriou, M., Trayer, I. P. _ Cornish-Bowden, A. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 134, 283-288]. We have now re-examined this work in the light of recent criticisms [Ganson, N. J. _ Fromm, H. J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 12099-12105]. There is no difficulty in obtaining valid estimates of initial rates of isotope exchange when the equilibrium constant is unfavourable, if one uses highly radioactive reactants and low enzyme concentrations, as we did in the experiments we reported previously. However, our earlier suggestion that @entity857 can be released within the inhibitory pathway, which was made for the sake of consistency with the catalytic pathway rather than because of any compelling experimental evidence, must be revised to avoid predicting that the rate must be zero in the absence of @entity857 . Although our mechanism admits the possibility of substrate inhibition by @entity855 , calculations show that there is no need for this to be observable under ordinary conditions. Indeed, with plausible values assumed for the kinetic constants one can calculate theoretical behaviour according to our model that closely resembles the experimental inhibition experiments that have been claimed as evidence against it.

title: Allosteric character of the inhibition of @entity35 -muscle hexokinase B by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity3776 :: (MESH:D019298,Chemical) :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']


abstract: We previously provided evidence from isotope-exchange measurements under non-equilibrium conditions that hexokinase B from @entity35 muscle follows a compulsory-order mechanism with @entity413 binding before @entity855 , and with both @entity3776 and @entity855 capable of binding allosterically [Gregoriou, M., Trayer, I. P. _ Cornish-Bowden, A. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 134, 283-288]. We have now re-examined this work in the light of recent criticisms [Ganson, N. J. _ Fromm, H. J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 12099-12105]. There is no difficulty in obtaining valid estimates of initial rates of isotope exchange when the equilibrium constant is unfavourable, if one uses highly radioactive reactants and low enzyme concentrations, as we did in the experiments we reported previously. However, our earlier suggestion that @entity857 can be released within the inhibitory pathway, which was made for the sake of consistency with the catalytic pathway rather than because of any compelling experimental evidence, must be revised to avoid predicting that the rate must be zero in the absence of @entity857 . Although our mechanism admits the possibility of substrate inhibition by @entity855 , calculations show that there is no need for this to be observable under ordinary conditions. Indeed, with plausible values assumed for the kinetic constants one can calculate theoretical behaviour according to our model that closely resembles the experimental inhibition experiments that have been claimed as evidence against it.

title: Allosteric character of the inhibition of XXXX -muscle hexokinase B by @entity3776 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Examination of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by the intracarotid injection technique has been utilized in studies of newborn (6-30 h) and adult @entity95 . The exclusion of @entity2656 (mol. wt. 182), dextran (mol. wt. 60,000-90,000), and @entity4343 -bound EDTA indicate that the newborn BBB has restrictive properties similar to the adult. At birth, saturable, carrier-mediated transport mechanisms are present, regulating the entry of @entity413 , @entity1522 , organic acids, @entity3042 , @entity2642 , and @entity1877 . No difference in brain uptake of @entity413 was observed between adult and newborn, but considerably higher uptake rates for @entity369 , @entity1877 , and @entity5536 were seen in the newborn. In contrast to suggestions of an immature barrier in young animals, these studies indicate that a sophisticated, selective BBB is operative at birth. Furthermore, the specific selectivity and dramatic increases seen for certain metabolites imply a vital function in the newborn for these carrier systems.

title: Newborn XXXX blood-brain barrier is selectively permeable and differs substantially from the adult.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: During an incremental exercise test the spiroergometric parameters Respiratory Quotient (RQ), Ventilatory Equivalent for @entity26 (AEO2 = VE/VO2) and Ventilatory Equivalent for @entity544 (AECO2 = VE/VCO2) initially decrease. These values then increase continuously at various work load levels until exhaustion. Experiments on 40 healthy untrained @entity1 between 20 and 40 years of age using upright bicycle ergometry and computer assisted on-line ergospirometry in which the work load was increased each minute by app. 16.3 watts show that the following 3 performance levels can be used to sufficiently describe the incremental exercise test: 1. Minimum AECO2 (77.9 +/- 22.3 watts approximately 1183 +/- 320.1 ml VO2 approximately 45.1 +/- 9.62% VO2 max), 2. Minimum AECO2 (148.5 +/- 32.7 watts approximately 1883 +/- 388.9 ml VO2 approximately 71.8 +/- 11.43% VO2 max), 3. Maximal power output (220.1 +/- 30.6 watts approximately 2638 +/- 442.3 ml VO2) (mean +/- SD). In addition simultaneous determinations of @entity880 levels and acid base equilibrium from arterialized capillary blood sampled at one minute intervals were carried out on a further 15 @entity1 . It is shown that VO2 at the rise of AEO2 from its minimum is closely correlated with VO2 at the first significant increase of @entity880 levels (r = 0.942). There is less correlation between VO2 at the rise of AECO2 from its minimum and VO2 at the begin of the decompensation of the work induced @entity520 (r = 0.854). The results indicate that through the use of spiroergometric parameters it is possible to obtain further information on the peripheral and cardiopulmonary adaptability of the organism under low submaximal work load conditions avoiding the necessity of invasive measurements.

title: [Spiroergometrical criteria in the non-invasive evaluation of work-induced variation in XXXX levels and acid-base equilibrium during unsteady-state exercise (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbondioxide']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: Collagen is an essential component of the functionally important layered structure of the vocal cord. Soluble @entity291 collagen appears to be suitable for injection into vocal folds to correct glottic insufficiency. Clinical trials and preliminary laboratory studies with the @entity235 larynx indicate that injectable collagen is safe, effective, easily injected, and well-tolerated. @entity291 collagen softens scar tissue, attracts the ingrowth of host fibroblasts, and allows the eventual replacement of the implant by new host collagen. This study examines the fate of collagen injected into @entity235 vocal folds. Two forms of soluble @entity291 collagen, differing only in the amount of chemically induced cross-linkage, were injected into vocal folds of @entity235 ; the animals were then killed at 12-week intervals for 1 year. Gross and histologic examination showed that both substances tended to be resorbed when injected deeply in the vocalis muscle, but persisted when injected in the plane of the vocal ligament - a site normally composed of dense collagen. The invasion of the implant by active host fibroblasts and the secondary deposition of new host collagen were evident in histologic sections. Examination with polarized light confirmed the presence of birefringence characterizing host collagen. The invasion of fibroblasts and deposition of new collagen in the implant were seen with electron microscopy. Cellular invasion seemed to progress more rapidly in the @entity2915 . Injected collagen did not evoke a foreign body reaction in any specimen studied, and was well-tolerated during replacement by host tissue.

title: Histologic studies on the fate of soluble collagen injected into XXXX vocal folds.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked preparation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1137 have an increased propensity for distant @entity3 , particularly to the peritoneum, ovaries, and uterus. In contrast, distant @entity3 of nonpalpable @entity1137 are extremely rare, and the causes of underlying symptoms of @entity189 remain unclear. We report a case of an asymptomatic @entity1137 with a primary mammary lesion in a @entity1 with @entity850 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old Japanese @entity1 presented to our hospital for treatment of @entity1142 . Although @entity850 was confirmed, thorough testing of her lower digestive tract did not identify its cause. Thus, an exploratory laparotomy and tissue biopsy was performed, and the presence of an @entity1137 was confirmed. Subsequent breast examinations showed that the @entity1137 that led to the @entity850 was a metastatic lesion from a @entity75 of the breast duct. As the present @entity0 was asymptomatic and nonpalpable, we did not initially consider metastatic @entity0 as a cause of her symptoms, and the final diagnosis was delayed. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal metastasis from nonpalpable invasive @entity1137 is very rare. However, @entity0 metastasis should be considered when @entity298 is present in a @entity1 with an unknown primary @entity5 .

title: Metastatic nonpalpable @entity0 presenting as XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive lobular carcinomas', 'lobular carcinomas', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['rectal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous peritonitis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['rectal stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1137 have an increased propensity for distant @entity3 , particularly to the peritoneum, ovaries, and uterus. In contrast, distant @entity3 of nonpalpable @entity1137 are extremely rare, and the causes of underlying symptoms of @entity189 remain unclear. We report a case of an asymptomatic @entity1137 with a primary mammary lesion in a @entity1 with @entity850 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old Japanese @entity1 presented to our hospital for treatment of @entity1142 . Although @entity850 was confirmed, thorough testing of her lower digestive tract did not identify its cause. Thus, an exploratory laparotomy and tissue biopsy was performed, and the presence of an @entity1137 was confirmed. Subsequent breast examinations showed that the @entity1137 that led to the @entity850 was a metastatic lesion from a @entity75 of the breast duct. As the present @entity0 was asymptomatic and nonpalpable, we did not initially consider metastatic @entity0 as a cause of her symptoms, and the final diagnosis was delayed. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal metastasis from nonpalpable invasive @entity1137 is very rare. However, @entity0 metastasis should be considered when @entity298 is present in a @entity1 with an unknown primary @entity5 .

title: Metastatic nonpalpable XXXX presenting as @entity850 : a case report.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive lobular breast carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Non-invasive real-time in vivo imaging experiments using @entity19 as animal models have become crucial for understanding @entity5 development and treatment. In this study, we have developed and validated a new @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-435s that stably express a far-red fluorescence protein (mKate2) and that could serve as a highly valuable cell model for studying @entity0 detection and therapy using in vivo fluorescence imaging in @entity19 . PROCEDURES: The new cell line (MDA-MB-435s-mKate2) was constructed by plasmid transfection. The stability and sensitivity of mKate2, and the cell biological activities, were tested in vitro using different experimental approaches. For its potential use in @entity5 growth research and drug therapy in vivo, MDA-MB-435s-mKate2 was validated using the immunocompromised Balb/c @entity19 @entity5 model. In addition, the new cell line has been characterized as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor (LHRHR) positive cell line. RESULTS: Firstly, MDA-MB-435s-mKate2 has shown a stable chromosomal integration of the amplified mKate2 gene and good fluorescence sensitivity for detection using a fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) device. Compared to its parental cell line, no significant difference in cell migration, proliferation, and clone formation was observed in vitro. Secondly, using the quantification of @entity5 -fluorescence surface area in live animals, we were able to monitor and detect the @entity5 progress or @entity5 inhibition rate (by @entity1311 treatment) non-invasively and in real-time. Furthermore, MDA-MB-435s-mKate2 has been positively tested for LHRHR; these findings open the possibility to use this cell line for future studies of @entity0 therapy based on LHRH analogs in vivo. CONCLUSION: In the present research, we have successfully built the @entity1 -mKate2 cell line that can be used as a suitable cell model for @entity0 therapy and anti- @entity5 drug evaluation by non-invasive fluorescence imaging in @entity19 .

title: Establishment of an mKate2-Expressing Cell Line for Non-Invasive Real-Time XXXX In Vivo Imaging.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: These are the results of 417 primary vaccinations against @entity14333 with MVA, an attenuated vaccine. All of the @entity1 were over three years old. In Europe, this group has an increased risk of @entity6831 . The intracutaneous inoculation produced a light local infiltration and only 11.7% showed a light generalized reaction. In order to attain a reliable immunity, a second inoculation was performed one week later, epicutaneously with Elstree-vaccine. The local reaction was in general that of a normal revaccination, and 79.4% of our @entity1 had neither fever nor general symptoms. Among the others no one became seriously ill. We did not observe any complications specific for a @entity14333 vaccination. In comparison to the other vaccination methods currently used, the MVA "Two-step"-vaccination is probably the safest. Its risk of a @entity6831 is supposed to be lower according to animal experiments and theoretical considerations. This hypothesis has been confirmed meanwhile by the results of several thousand vaccinations in the already mentioned age-group.

title: [MVA-vaccine in primovaccination against XXXX after the age of three (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['postvaccinal encephalitis']

answer: @entity14333 :: (10255,Species) :: ['smallpox']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative (PO) @entity158 interferes with the recovery and mobilization of the surgical @entity1 . The impact of the educational status has not been studied adequately up to now. METHODS: This prospective study involved 400 consecutive general surgery @entity1 . Various factors known to be associated with the perception of @entity158 including the educational status were recorded as was the preoperative and @entity282 and the @entity1337 requirements for the 1(st) PO week. Based on the educational status, we classified the @entity1 in 3 groups and we compared these groups for the main outcomes: i.e. PO @entity158 and PO @entity1337 . RESULTS: There were 145 @entity1 of lower education (junior school), 150 @entity1 of high education (high school) and 101 of higher education (university). @entity1 of lower education were found to experience more @entity158 than @entity1 of higher education in all postoperative days (from the 2(nd) to the 6(th)). No difference was identified in the type and quantity of the @entity1337 used. The subgroup analysis showed that @entity1 with @entity308 and young @entity1 (< 40 years) had the maximum effect. CONCLUSIONS: The educational status may be a significant predictor of @entity282 due to various reasons, including the poor understanding of the preoperative information, the level of @entity148 and @entity308 caused by that and the suboptimal request and use of @entity1337 . Younger @entity1 (< 40), and @entity1 with subclinical @entity308 are mostly affected while there is no impact on @entity1 over 60 years old.

title: The Impact of Educational Status on the Postoperative Perception of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: IncobotulinumtoxinA ( @entity7124 (  )) is a purified botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation, free from complexing proteins, with proven efficacy and good tolerability for the treatment of neurological conditions such as @entity9663 , @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ), and post- @entity64 @entity508 of the upper limb. This article provides a comprehensive overview of incobotulinumtoxinA based on randomized controlled trials and prospective clinical studies. SUMMARY: IncobotulinumtoxinA provides clinical efficacy in treating @entity9663 , @entity6389 , and upper-limb post- @entity64 @entity508 based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with open-label extension periods (total study duration up to 89 weeks). Adverse events were generally mild or moderate. The most frequent adverse events, probably related to the injections, included @entity1736 and @entity936 in the treatment of @entity9663 , @entity1282 , @entity4048 , and @entity425 in @entity1 with @entity6389 , and injection site @entity158 and @entity425 when used for treating @entity508 . In @entity9663 and @entity6389 , incobotulinumtoxinA was investigated in clinical trials permitting flexible intertreatment intervals based on the individual @entity1 's clinical need; the safety profile of intervals shorter than 12 weeks was comparable to intervals of 12 weeks and longer. There were no cases of newly formed neutralizing antibodies during the Phase III and IV incobotulinumtoxinA trials. Phase III head-to-head trials of incobotulinumtoxinA versus onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of @entity9663 and @entity6389 have demonstrated therapeutic equivalence of both formulations. Additional Phase III trials of incobotulinumtoxinA in conditions such as lower-limb @entity508 , @entity508 in @entity1 with @entity306 , and @entity4164 in various @entity16 are ongoing. CONCLUSION: IncobotulinumtoxinA is an effective, well-tolerated botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation. Data from randomized clinical trials and further observational studies are expected to help physicians to optimize treatment by tailoring the choice of formulation, dose, and treatment intervals to the @entity1 's clinical needs.

title: Clinical and pharmacological properties of @entity7124 and its use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['sialorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid ptosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: IncobotulinumtoxinA ( @entity7124 (  )) is a purified botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation, free from complexing proteins, with proven efficacy and good tolerability for the treatment of neurological conditions such as @entity9663 , @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ), and post- @entity64 @entity508 of the upper limb. This article provides a comprehensive overview of incobotulinumtoxinA based on randomized controlled trials and prospective clinical studies. SUMMARY: IncobotulinumtoxinA provides clinical efficacy in treating @entity9663 , @entity6389 , and upper-limb post- @entity64 @entity508 based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with open-label extension periods (total study duration up to 89 weeks). Adverse events were generally mild or moderate. The most frequent adverse events, probably related to the injections, included @entity1736 and @entity936 in the treatment of @entity9663 , @entity1282 , @entity4048 , and @entity425 in @entity1 with @entity6389 , and injection site @entity158 and @entity425 when used for treating @entity508 . In @entity9663 and @entity6389 , incobotulinumtoxinA was investigated in clinical trials permitting flexible intertreatment intervals based on the individual @entity1 's clinical need; the safety profile of intervals shorter than 12 weeks was comparable to intervals of 12 weeks and longer. There were no cases of newly formed neutralizing antibodies during the Phase III and IV incobotulinumtoxinA trials. Phase III head-to-head trials of incobotulinumtoxinA versus onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of @entity9663 and @entity6389 have demonstrated therapeutic equivalence of both formulations. Additional Phase III trials of incobotulinumtoxinA in conditions such as lower-limb @entity508 , @entity508 in @entity1 with @entity306 , and @entity4164 in various @entity16 are ongoing. CONCLUSION: IncobotulinumtoxinA is an effective, well-tolerated botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation. Data from randomized clinical trials and further observational studies are expected to help physicians to optimize treatment by tailoring the choice of formulation, dose, and treatment intervals to the @entity1 's clinical needs.

title: Clinical and pharmacological properties of XXXX and its use in @entity16 .

answer: @entity7124 :: (MESH:C545476,Chemical) :: ['incobotulinumtoxinA']