abstract: There is increasing evidence that food-derived @entity6398 have a beneficial effect for @entity5 . Our purpose was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of these compounds on @entity788 . We measured effects of @entity3092 on @entity788 in a nude @entity19 model. We also investigated the effects of @entity3092 , @entity15604 , @entity4025 and @entity670 on apoptosis and underlying signaling in @entity3123 cells in vitro. @entity3092 decreased primary @entity5 growth, increased apoptosis and prevented @entity3 in a model of @entity788 . In vitro @entity3092 and @entity4025 , but not @entity15604 , markedly enhanced apoptosis, causing mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release followed by @entity185 activation. In addition, the effect of a combination of @entity3092 and @entity4025 on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and @entity185 activity was greater than the expected additive response. The inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition prevented cytochrome c release, @entity185 activation and apoptosis caused by @entity6398 . Nuclear factor-kappa B activity was inhibited by @entity3092 and @entity4025 , but not @entity670 , indicating that this transcription factor is not the only mediator of the @entity6398 ' effects on apoptosis. The results suggest that food-derived @entity6398 inhibit @entity788 growth and prevent @entity3 by inducing @entity2383 , resulting in cytochrome c release, caspase activation and apoptosis.

title: Food-derived @entity6398 inhibit XXXX growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['trans-resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that food-derived @entity6398 have a beneficial effect for @entity5 . Our purpose was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of these compounds on @entity788 . We measured effects of @entity3092 on @entity788 in a nude @entity19 model. We also investigated the effects of @entity3092 , @entity15604 , @entity4025 and @entity670 on apoptosis and underlying signaling in @entity3123 cells in vitro. @entity3092 decreased primary @entity5 growth, increased apoptosis and prevented @entity3 in a model of @entity788 . In vitro @entity3092 and @entity4025 , but not @entity15604 , markedly enhanced apoptosis, causing mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release followed by @entity185 activation. In addition, the effect of a combination of @entity3092 and @entity4025 on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and @entity185 activity was greater than the expected additive response. The inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition prevented cytochrome c release, @entity185 activation and apoptosis caused by @entity6398 . Nuclear factor-kappa B activity was inhibited by @entity3092 and @entity4025 , but not @entity670 , indicating that this transcription factor is not the only mediator of the @entity6398 ' effects on apoptosis. The results suggest that food-derived @entity6398 inhibit @entity788 growth and prevent @entity3 by inducing @entity2383 , resulting in cytochrome c release, caspase activation and apoptosis.

title: Food-derived XXXX inhibit @entity788 growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity6398 :: (MESH:D059808,Chemical) :: ['polyphenols']


abstract: Over-expression of @entity1722 is associated with shortened survival of @entity1 with @entity2220 . We demonstrated that @entity1 lung epithelial cells, overexpressing @entity1722 , formed @entity5 in @entity19 only when high levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha were produced (E6T cells). To define the role that @entity7790 production played in induction of tumorigenicity, a non-tumorigenic @entity7790 -negative clone of @entity1722 overexpressing cells (E2 cells) was transfected with an expression vector for @entity7790 (E2alpha cells). Transfected clones produced @entity7790 at 11-25% of the level produced by the E6T cell line. Tumorigenic E6T cells transfected with a @entity7790 antisense vector (E6TA cells) expressed only 6% of the @entity7790 level of the parental cells. Clones of @entity70703 , E6TA, E2 and E2alpha were inoculated into athymic @entity19 to measure tumorigenic potential. E6T cells formed @entity5 with a 70% efficiency. E2, E6TA and E2alpha cells failed to form @entity5 . The levels of @entity470 were similar in non-tumorigenic E2 and tumorigenic E6T cells but higher in E2alpha and E6TA cells, and @entity1722 were greatly overexpressed in an E2alpha clone. In vitro, @entity1722 co-immunoprecipitated with @entity470 in lysates of unstimulated @entity70703 and E2alpha @entity7790 -producing cells, indicating that the lower @entity7790 levels were sufficient to induce in vitro heterodimerization. These studies suggest that induction of the tumorigenic phenotype depends on achieving a threshold level of @entity7790 sufficient to activate downstream signalling by @entity1722 containing active heterodimers.

title: The role of transforming growth factor alpha production and XXXX overexpression in induction of tumorigenicity of lung epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity70703 :: ('p|SUB|E|6|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E6T']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['ErbB-2']


abstract: @entity205 (CsA) was introduced in recent years for the treatment of @entity1988 in @entity1 with @entity134 resistance or in those with severe corticosteroid @entity137 . Our previous study on paediatric @entity1 showed that Neoral (a new microemulsion formulation) had better bioavailability than @entity870 capsules. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neoral in @entity1 with @entity1988 compared with conventional therapy, we performed an open randomized study on 40 @entity1 , ranging from 9 to 14 yr old, with class III-V @entity1988 and heavy @entity644 . They were randomly assigned to either Neoral (5 mg/kg/day), administered q.12.h, or @entity617 (2 mg/kg/day) plus @entity786 (2 mg/kg/day) for 1 yr. Both groups showed a significant decrease in @entity644 (Neoral: 4.62 +/- 1.93 to 0.35 +/- 0.29 g/day, P < 0.05; @entity617 plus @entity786 : 4.52 +/- 1.86 to 0.62 +/- 0.21 g/day, P < 0.01). The CH50 haemolytic assay titre decreased after 1 yr of Neoral treatment (26.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 2.2 U/ml, P < 0.05). Serum C3 and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody levels also fell with Neoral (C3: 86.2 +/- 6.8 to 76.3 +/- 4.5 mg/dl; anti-ds DNA antibodies: 14.1 +/- 3.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 IU/ml, P < 0.05). The Neoral group had a significant increase in growth rate over the @entity617 plus @entity786 group (8.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm/yr, P < 0.01) with improvement of growth status. During the study period, @entity1 tolerated Neoral well with no significant changes in renal function, liver function or lipid profile. Our study implies that Neoral appears to be effective in suppressing @entity644 . Neoral should be regarded as being adjunctive therapy, perhaps with a @entity134 -sparing effect, in paediatric @entity1988 . However, its long-term use awaits further studies.

title: Clinical efficacy of XXXX a neoral in the treatment of paediatric @entity1988 with heavy @entity644 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: @entity205 (CsA) was introduced in recent years for the treatment of @entity1988 in @entity1 with @entity134 resistance or in those with severe corticosteroid @entity137 . Our previous study on paediatric @entity1 showed that Neoral (a new microemulsion formulation) had better bioavailability than @entity870 capsules. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neoral in @entity1 with @entity1988 compared with conventional therapy, we performed an open randomized study on 40 @entity1 , ranging from 9 to 14 yr old, with class III-V @entity1988 and heavy @entity644 . They were randomly assigned to either Neoral (5 mg/kg/day), administered q.12.h, or @entity617 (2 mg/kg/day) plus @entity786 (2 mg/kg/day) for 1 yr. Both groups showed a significant decrease in @entity644 (Neoral: 4.62 +/- 1.93 to 0.35 +/- 0.29 g/day, P < 0.05; @entity617 plus @entity786 : 4.52 +/- 1.86 to 0.62 +/- 0.21 g/day, P < 0.01). The CH50 haemolytic assay titre decreased after 1 yr of Neoral treatment (26.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 2.2 U/ml, P < 0.05). Serum C3 and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody levels also fell with Neoral (C3: 86.2 +/- 6.8 to 76.3 +/- 4.5 mg/dl; anti-ds DNA antibodies: 14.1 +/- 3.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 IU/ml, P < 0.05). The Neoral group had a significant increase in growth rate over the @entity617 plus @entity786 group (8.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm/yr, P < 0.01) with improvement of growth status. During the study period, @entity1 tolerated Neoral well with no significant changes in renal function, liver function or lipid profile. Our study implies that Neoral appears to be effective in suppressing @entity644 . Neoral should be regarded as being adjunctive therapy, perhaps with a @entity134 -sparing effect, in paediatric @entity1988 . However, its long-term use awaits further studies.

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity205 a neoral in the treatment of paediatric XXXX with heavy @entity644 .

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: @entity205 (CsA) was introduced in recent years for the treatment of @entity1988 in @entity1 with @entity134 resistance or in those with severe corticosteroid @entity137 . Our previous study on paediatric @entity1 showed that Neoral (a new microemulsion formulation) had better bioavailability than @entity870 capsules. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neoral in @entity1 with @entity1988 compared with conventional therapy, we performed an open randomized study on 40 @entity1 , ranging from 9 to 14 yr old, with class III-V @entity1988 and heavy @entity644 . They were randomly assigned to either Neoral (5 mg/kg/day), administered q.12.h, or @entity617 (2 mg/kg/day) plus @entity786 (2 mg/kg/day) for 1 yr. Both groups showed a significant decrease in @entity644 (Neoral: 4.62 +/- 1.93 to 0.35 +/- 0.29 g/day, P < 0.05; @entity617 plus @entity786 : 4.52 +/- 1.86 to 0.62 +/- 0.21 g/day, P < 0.01). The CH50 haemolytic assay titre decreased after 1 yr of Neoral treatment (26.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 2.2 U/ml, P < 0.05). Serum C3 and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody levels also fell with Neoral (C3: 86.2 +/- 6.8 to 76.3 +/- 4.5 mg/dl; anti-ds DNA antibodies: 14.1 +/- 3.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 IU/ml, P < 0.05). The Neoral group had a significant increase in growth rate over the @entity617 plus @entity786 group (8.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm/yr, P < 0.01) with improvement of growth status. During the study period, @entity1 tolerated Neoral well with no significant changes in renal function, liver function or lipid profile. Our study implies that Neoral appears to be effective in suppressing @entity644 . Neoral should be regarded as being adjunctive therapy, perhaps with a @entity134 -sparing effect, in paediatric @entity1988 . However, its long-term use awaits further studies.

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity205 a neoral in the treatment of paediatric @entity1988 with heavy XXXX .

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MR angiography (MRA) provides a mechanism for non-invasively studying blood flow, thus providing a new opportunity to study the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) @entity1 . Although conventional angiography is the gold standard for the depiction of vascular anatomy, this is too invasive for an asymptomatic population. OBJECTIVE: To establish the range of appearances in asymptomatic @entity3458 @entity1 and to correlate brain MRI results (either sub-clinical @entity75 ) with the MRA findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain MRI and MRA of the intracranial circulation was performed on 22 @entity1 (13 male and 9 female, median age 7.5 years, range 1.3-20 years). Fourteen were homozygous SS and eight were SC. The median haematocrit at the time of MRI was 25.9 (range 13.8-33.3). RESULTS: On MR imaging, four @entity1 had @entity1188 in eight vascular territories (six anterior and two posterior). In 3/4 of anterior vascular territories with @entity1188 , long ( >/= 6 mm) segments of abnormal signal were seen at the internal carotid artery bifurcation with associated reduced distal flow. Short focal areas of abnormal signal were commonly seen where vessels branched, bifurcated or curved and were not associated with @entity1188 . These areas probably represent turbulence-related dephasing secondary to high velocity flow found in @entity3458 . CONCLUSION: Long segments ( >/= 6 mm) of abnormal signal with reduced distal flow correlated with sub-clinical @entity1188 .

title: MRA of the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities or normal brain parenchyma']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MR angiography (MRA) provides a mechanism for non-invasively studying blood flow, thus providing a new opportunity to study the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) @entity1 . Although conventional angiography is the gold standard for the depiction of vascular anatomy, this is too invasive for an asymptomatic population. OBJECTIVE: To establish the range of appearances in asymptomatic @entity3458 @entity1 and to correlate brain MRI results (either sub-clinical @entity75 ) with the MRA findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain MRI and MRA of the intracranial circulation was performed on 22 @entity1 (13 male and 9 female, median age 7.5 years, range 1.3-20 years). Fourteen were homozygous SS and eight were SC. The median haematocrit at the time of MRI was 25.9 (range 13.8-33.3). RESULTS: On MR imaging, four @entity1 had @entity1188 in eight vascular territories (six anterior and two posterior). In 3/4 of anterior vascular territories with @entity1188 , long ( >/= 6 mm) segments of abnormal signal were seen at the internal carotid artery bifurcation with associated reduced distal flow. Short focal areas of abnormal signal were commonly seen where vessels branched, bifurcated or curved and were not associated with @entity1188 . These areas probably represent turbulence-related dephasing secondary to high velocity flow found in @entity3458 . CONCLUSION: Long segments ( >/= 6 mm) of abnormal signal with reduced distal flow correlated with sub-clinical @entity1188 .

title: MRA of the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic XXXX with @entity3458 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Firearm-related @entity130 rank second only to motor vehicle-related @entity130 as a cause of @entity204 in Wisconsin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the attributes of the Wisconsin Firearm-Related @entity1317 . DESIGN: A structured surveillance system evaluation using predetermined criteria. SETTING: A passive surveillance system linking administrative data from existing state-funded inpatient hospitalization and mortality databases. @entity1 : State health department. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Attributes assessed included simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, resources, and data quality. RESULTS: The use of two existing state databases simplifies data acquisition and linkage. However, hospital discharge and vital records databases are not sufficiently flexible to collect perpetrator and circumstance information. Acceptability is high because of state-mandated reporting to both databases. For firearm-related @entity130 requiring hospitalization, the system's predictive value positive is 97% when E codes are compared with data from chart reviews. The system is considered timely because annual data from the hospital discharge and vital records systems can be obtained, linked, analyzed, and reported by September of the subsequent year. The system is sustainable largely because existing software is used for annual evaluations, which requires less than 2 weeks of staff time. CONCLUSIONS: With minimal resources and time, the Wisconsin Firearm-Related @entity1317 uses existing state government databases to describe and report the burden of firearm-related @entity130 . Additional information on circumstances, perpetrators, and weapons involved are available but additional resources are needed to integrate this information with existing data.

title: The Wisconsin Firearm-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Injury Surveillance System']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Injury Surveillance System']


abstract: The experience and the technique of cholecystectomy from mini-approach with elements of open laparascopic technique (MSE) in 102 @entity1 with @entity2877 and @entity2679 is descubed. In 99 cases the operation was carried out for chronic @entity2679 , in 3 cases--for acute @entity2679 . The @entity1 were aged from 23 to 76 years (mean age 59.3 +/- 3.4 years). The average length of the incision in performing MSE made up 4.1 +/- 0.3 cm. Mean duration of the operation 42.4 +/- 5.3 min. In 5 cases (4.9%) intraoperative cholangiography was performed. The possibility to avoid the use of narcotic analgetics in postoperative period in @entity1 who underwent MSE is demonstrated. Postoperative period made up 3.8 days. Social and cost-effect aspects of different modes of surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity2963 are considered. The study of quality of life index makes it possible to come to conclusion about quicker return of the @entity1 who underwent MSE to their habitual social and intellectual activities, practically complete absence of the influence of negative factors of conventional treatment ( @entity158 , dyspepsial, @entity154 ) higher appreciation of their health conditions, well being, which manifests in higher quality of life in operated @entity1 .

title: [Cholecystectomy from mini-approach with the elements of open laparoscopic technique in surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic defects']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['cholelithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity5023 (FP) is a relatively new inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of @entity565 . OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess efficacy and safety outcomes in studies that compared FP to placebo for treatment of @entity102 . 2. To explore the presence of a dose-response effect. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register (1999), reference lists of articles, contacted trialists and searched abstracts of major respiratory society meetings (1997-1999). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in @entity1 and adults comparing FP to placebo in the treatment of @entity102 . Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer extracted data. Quantitative analyses where undertaken using Review Manager 4.0.3 with MetaView 3.1. MAIN RESULTS: 28 studies were selected for inclusion (5788 subjects). Methodological quality was high. In non-oral @entity134 treated asthmatics with mild-moderate disease FP produced improvements from baseline compared to placebo: FEV1 Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 0.31 litres (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 0.36 litres); morning PEF WMD 29 /min (95% CI 24 to 33 L/min); symptom scores Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.71); reduction in rescue @entity2263 agonist use WMD 1.1 puffs/d (95% CI 0.9 to 1.4). Similar effects were seen for all doses up to 1000 mcg/d. A shallow dose response effect was apparent: eg change in morning PEF with FP 1000 mcg/d WMD 49 L/min (95% CI 41 to 58 L/min). High dose FP reduced the number of @entity1 dependent on prednisolone: FP 1000-1500 mcg/d Peto Odds Ratio 0.07 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.10). FP at all doses led to a greater likelihood of sore throat, hoarseness and @entity5253 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Doses of FP in the range 100-1000 mcg/d are effective. Although there appears to be a dose-response effect, in most @entity1 with mild-moderate @entity565 improvements with low dose FP are only a little less than those with high doses. High dose FP appears to have worthwhile oral-corticosteroid reducing properties. FP use is accompanied by an increased likelihood of oropharyngeal side effects and this appears to be dose dependent.

title: Inhaled XXXX for @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral Candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity5023 (FP) is a relatively new inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of @entity565 . OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess efficacy and safety outcomes in studies that compared FP to placebo for treatment of @entity102 . 2. To explore the presence of a dose-response effect. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register (1999), reference lists of articles, contacted trialists and searched abstracts of major respiratory society meetings (1997-1999). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in @entity1 and adults comparing FP to placebo in the treatment of @entity102 . Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer extracted data. Quantitative analyses where undertaken using Review Manager 4.0.3 with MetaView 3.1. MAIN RESULTS: 28 studies were selected for inclusion (5788 subjects). Methodological quality was high. In non-oral @entity134 treated asthmatics with mild-moderate disease FP produced improvements from baseline compared to placebo: FEV1 Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 0.31 litres (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 0.36 litres); morning PEF WMD 29 /min (95% CI 24 to 33 L/min); symptom scores Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.71); reduction in rescue @entity2263 agonist use WMD 1.1 puffs/d (95% CI 0.9 to 1.4). Similar effects were seen for all doses up to 1000 mcg/d. A shallow dose response effect was apparent: eg change in morning PEF with FP 1000 mcg/d WMD 49 L/min (95% CI 41 to 58 L/min). High dose FP reduced the number of @entity1 dependent on prednisolone: FP 1000-1500 mcg/d Peto Odds Ratio 0.07 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.10). FP at all doses led to a greater likelihood of sore throat, hoarseness and @entity5253 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Doses of FP in the range 100-1000 mcg/d are effective. Although there appears to be a dose-response effect, in most @entity1 with mild-moderate @entity565 improvements with low dose FP are only a little less than those with high doses. High dose FP appears to have worthwhile oral-corticosteroid reducing properties. FP use is accompanied by an increased likelihood of oropharyngeal side effects and this appears to be dose dependent.

title: Inhaled @entity5023 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 are at increased risk from @entity65 . Dietary fish oils are known to reduce @entity412 levels, but their impact on @entity165 levels, glycemic control and vascular outcomes are not well known. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes, @entity165 levels and glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We carried out a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, Lilacs, bibliographies of relevant papers and contacted experts for identifying additional trials. Date of last search: September 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomized placebo-controlled trials in which fish oil supplementation was the only intervention in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 were included. Authors were contacted for missing information. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three investigators performed data extraction and quality scoring independently with discrepancies resolved by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: Eighteen trials including 823 @entity1 followed for a mean of 12 weeks were included. Doses of fish oil used ranged from 3 to 18 g/day. No trials with vascular event or mortality endpoints were identified. The outcomes studied were glycemic control and lipid levels. Meta-analysis of pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant effect of fish oil in lowering @entity1674 by 0.56 mmol/l (95% CI -0.71 to -0.40 mmol/l) and raising LDL @entity165 by 0.21 mmol/l (95% CI 0.02 to 0.41 mmol/l). No statistically significant effect was observed for fasting @entity413 , HbA1c, total or HDL @entity165 . The @entity412 lowering effect and the elevation in LDL @entity165 were most marked in those trials that recruited @entity1 with @entity2298 and used higher doses of fish oil. No adverse effects of the intervention were reported. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil supplementation in type 2 @entity6 lowers @entity1674 , may raise LDL @entity165 (especially in @entity6308 @entity1 on higher doses of fish oil) and has no statistically significant effect on glycemic control. Trials with vascular event or mortality defined endpoints are needed.

title: Fish oil in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 are at increased risk from @entity65 . Dietary fish oils are known to reduce @entity412 levels, but their impact on @entity165 levels, glycemic control and vascular outcomes are not well known. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes, @entity165 levels and glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We carried out a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, Lilacs, bibliographies of relevant papers and contacted experts for identifying additional trials. Date of last search: September 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomized placebo-controlled trials in which fish oil supplementation was the only intervention in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 were included. Authors were contacted for missing information. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three investigators performed data extraction and quality scoring independently with discrepancies resolved by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: Eighteen trials including 823 @entity1 followed for a mean of 12 weeks were included. Doses of fish oil used ranged from 3 to 18 g/day. No trials with vascular event or mortality endpoints were identified. The outcomes studied were glycemic control and lipid levels. Meta-analysis of pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant effect of fish oil in lowering @entity1674 by 0.56 mmol/l (95% CI -0.71 to -0.40 mmol/l) and raising LDL @entity165 by 0.21 mmol/l (95% CI 0.02 to 0.41 mmol/l). No statistically significant effect was observed for fasting @entity413 , HbA1c, total or HDL @entity165 . The @entity412 lowering effect and the elevation in LDL @entity165 were most marked in those trials that recruited @entity1 with @entity2298 and used higher doses of fish oil. No adverse effects of the intervention were reported. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil supplementation in type 2 @entity6 lowers @entity1674 , may raise LDL @entity165 (especially in @entity6308 @entity1 on higher doses of fish oil) and has no statistically significant effect on glycemic control. Trials with vascular event or mortality defined endpoints are needed.

title: Fish oil in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1211 of the zygoma are rare. Historically, @entity1211 have been misrepresented as " @entity2695 ". The International Society for the Study of @entity455 (ISSVA) classification is a reasonable classification that leads to appropriate clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Collaboration between surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists is necessary for accurate diagnosis and management. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present here a case of an IOVM in a 59-year-old @entity1 who was treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Superselective arteriography and @entity887 were effective for diagnosis as well as for prevention of large @entity548 during surgery. En-bloc resection of the zygoma was performed within hours after @entity887 and autologous calvarial bone graft was used for primary reconstruction. DISCUSSION: We performed a literature review consisting of reviewing 52 cases of IOVM of the zygoma discussing optimal material for reconstruction of the defect for @entity34730 of the zygoma nationally and internationally. CONCLUSION: The combination of surgery and preoperative angiography makes it possible to prevent high risk of @entity548 . For primary reconstruction of the zygoma, use of autologous calvarial bone can maintain the volume and reconstruct the natural malar contour.

title: XXXX : A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity34730 :: ('MESH:C564648', 'Disease') :: ['intraosseous venous malformation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular Anomaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous malformations', 'venous malformations']

answer: @entity34730 :: (MESH:C564648,Disease) :: ['Intraosseous venous malformation of the zygoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In both adult @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity625 , the focus has shifted from ' @entity32 parameters' to more @entity1 centered disability outcomes. In @entity309 this resulted in the development of the Outcome Measures in Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERACT), and in @entity625 the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO) core set. This PRINTO-core set was established using a combination of statistical and consensus formation techniques. This core set contains a number of @entity1 centered disability measures. This review systematically searched the available literature and reports the available evidence of efficacy of @entity1500 , with special focus on @entity1 centered disability measures in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review on the effects of @entity1500 on functional ability, range of motion, quality of life, overall well-being and @entity158 for @entity1 with @entity4932 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) and MEDLINE were searched up to March 2001, using the search strategy sensitive for randomised controlled trials, used by the Cochrane Collaboration. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials comparing @entity1500 against placebo or standard care in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers (TT, JN) determined the studies to be included in this review and extracted the data of @entity1 centered disability measures. The data were pooled using standardized mean differences (SMD) for limited joint range score, number of joints with @entity4 . The number of joints with @entity158 on motion were evaluated using @entity353 ( @entity353 ). Physicians global assessment, parents global assessment and withdrawals due to efficacy and side effects were evaluated with pooled odds ratios (OR). MAIN RESULTS: Only two studies with a total 165 @entity4932 @entity1 under 18 years of age were included in this review. For @entity4932 @entity1 , @entity1500 therapy had small to moderate effects on @entity1 centered disability outcomes. The effect on joint range of motion, number of joints with @entity158 and @entity4 and physician's and parent's assessment of disease activity showed a relative percentage improvement from 3 to 23% greater with @entity1500 than with placebo. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that @entity1500 does have minimal clinically significant effects (>20%) on @entity1 centered disability measures in @entity4932 @entity1 .

title: Methotrexate for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile arthritis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis', 'JIA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intracapillary foam cell infiltration with podocyte alterations is a characteristic pathology of @entity628 ( @entity628 ). We investigated the possible role of podocyte injury in glomerular macrophage and foam cell infiltration in a podocyte-selective injury model (NEP25 @entity19 ) and @entity753 model [ @entity1748 deficiency ( @entity1748 (-/-)) @entity19 ] with @entity632 -induced @entity8 . Acute podocyte selective injury alone failed to induce glomerular macrophages in the NEP25 @entity19 . However, in the @entity632 -treated @entity753 @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 , glomerular macrophages/foam cells significantly increased and were accompanied by lipid deposition and the formation and ingestion of oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs). Glomerular macrophages significantly correlated with the amount of glomerular oxPL. The NEP25/ @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 exhibited severe @entity1007 , glomerular lipid deposition, and @entity8 . Imaging mass spectrometry revealed that a major component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, @entity6579 16:0 and 18:0, was present only in the glomeruli of NEP25/ @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 . @entity6579 16:0 stimulated mesangial cells and macrophages, and @entity6579 18:0 stimulated glomerular endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and chemokines, promoting macrophage adhesion and migration in  vitro. In @entity1 @entity628 , glomerular macrophage-derived foam cells contained oxPLs accompanied by the expression of chemokines in the tuft. In  conclusion, glomerular lipid modification represents a novel pathology by podocyte injury, promoting @entity628 . Podocyte injury-driven @entity6579 de novo accelerated glomerular macrophage-derived foam cell infiltration via @entity6579 -mediated expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in  glomerular resident cells.

title: Podocyte Injury-Driven Lipid Peroxidation Accelerates the Infiltration of Glomerular Foam Cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1748 :: ('16835(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LDLR', 'low-density lipoprotein receptor']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine', 'lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: Mild @entity2332 protects the brain against experimental @entity63 , but the reasons are not well known. We examined whether the protective effects of mild @entity2332 could be correlated with alterations in expression of @entity1976 , an anti-apoptotic protein in a @entity35 model of transient global @entity63 . Following 10 min of forebrain @entity63 , hippocampal neurons were examined 72 h later for survival, expression of @entity1976 family proteins and apoptosis. Intraischemic mild @entity2332 was applied for 3 h (33 degrees C, isch-33) or normal body temperature was maintained (37 degrees C, isch-37). Survival of @entity1249 neurons was significantly improved in the isch-33 group compared to the isch-37 group (90 vs. 53% survival; P<0.01). The proportion of @entity1976 -positive cells among surviving @entity1249 neurons in the isch-33 group was increased compared to that of sham and isch-37 groups (P<0.01). @entity2310 expression in @entity1249 was no different between sham and isch-33 groups, but was significantly decreased in isch-37 (P<0.05). TUNEL staining was positive in many isch-37 @entity1249 neurons, but absent in isch-33. Utilizing electron microscopy, more cells meeting criteria for apoptosis were observed in the isch-37 than isch-33. These data suggest that mild @entity2332 attenuates @entity204 , and that this protection may be related to increases in @entity1976 .

title: Mild @entity2332 increases XXXX protein expression following global cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['apoptotic death']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1976 :: (24224(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: Mild @entity2332 protects the brain against experimental @entity63 , but the reasons are not well known. We examined whether the protective effects of mild @entity2332 could be correlated with alterations in expression of @entity1976 , an anti-apoptotic protein in a @entity35 model of transient global @entity63 . Following 10 min of forebrain @entity63 , hippocampal neurons were examined 72 h later for survival, expression of @entity1976 family proteins and apoptosis. Intraischemic mild @entity2332 was applied for 3 h (33 degrees C, isch-33) or normal body temperature was maintained (37 degrees C, isch-37). Survival of @entity1249 neurons was significantly improved in the isch-33 group compared to the isch-37 group (90 vs. 53% survival; P<0.01). The proportion of @entity1976 -positive cells among surviving @entity1249 neurons in the isch-33 group was increased compared to that of sham and isch-37 groups (P<0.01). @entity2310 expression in @entity1249 was no different between sham and isch-33 groups, but was significantly decreased in isch-37 (P<0.05). TUNEL staining was positive in many isch-37 @entity1249 neurons, but absent in isch-33. Utilizing electron microscopy, more cells meeting criteria for apoptosis were observed in the isch-37 than isch-33. These data suggest that mild @entity2332 attenuates @entity204 , and that this protection may be related to increases in @entity1976 .

title: Mild XXXX increases @entity1976 protein expression following global cerebral ischemia.

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: The Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) is primarily composed of an investigator-derived objective rating of motor function and a @entity1 -derived assessment of activities of daily living (ADL). Using a stringent definition of placebo effect, we examined the frequency, temporal development, and stability of improvements during placebo treatment over 6 months in a large placebo-controlled trial of @entity4160 and @entity4793 in early @entity191 (DATATOP). One hundred ninety-nine subjects received placebo treatment in the randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled DATATOP study. We compared the baseline UPDRS motor section scores with follow-up scores at 4, 13, and 26 weeks. Placebo-associated improvement was defined as an improvement over baseline score in motor UPDRS of at least 50% or a change in at least two motor items at any one visit by two or more points. Seventeen percent of the 185 subjects who qualified for analysis met the placebo response criteria. The group prevalence of response was steady (7% to 10%) at any one visit without a marked predominance of an early study effect. Older subjects with more @entity73 at baseline were most likely to show a placebo-associated improvement. ADL scores were low throughout the study, and ADL improvements did not identify the subjects with objectively defined placebo-associated improvement. Prominent improvements in investigator-derived objective measures of @entity191 @entity73 occur during clinical trials, including one that was not aimed at showing improved short-term efficacy. Although the notion of placebo effect often implies @entity1 -based perceptions, we found subjective changes to be infrequent in placebo-treated @entity1 , suggesting that either: (1) the placebo effect was rater-driven; (2) the ADL questionnaire is insensitive to transient but objectively demonstrable motor changes; or (3) that the objective changes, albeit major, are within the realm of natural variation in the UPDRS motor scale from visit to visit.

title: Placebo-associated improvements in motor function: comparison of subjective and objective sections of the UPDRS in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4160 :: ('MESH:D012642', 'Chemical') :: ['deprenyl']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined whether adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) would be associated with improved survival after lymph node dissection (LND) for @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) who have positive pelvic lymph nodes (PPLNs). METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 across 4 centers with @entity957 who underwent LND from 1978 to 2013 and were found to have PPLNs. @entity1 who received chemotherapy before surgery or in the presence of recurrent disease were excluded. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of AC with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), which was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in @entity1349 were determined with the log-rank test. RESULTS: During the study period, 141 @entity1 who underwent LND for @entity5 had PPLNs, and 84 of them met inclusion criteria. Median number of PPLNs was 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4-7), with 10% of cases occurring bilaterally and 55% having pelvic extranodal extension. AC was used in 36 (43%) @entity1 . @entity1 who received AC were younger (P = 0.014), had less-aggressive @entity5 pathology (P<0.01), were less likely to receive adjuvant radiation (P<0.01), had less bilateral inguinal disease (P = 0.019), and had more inguinal extranodal extension (P = 0.042). Median follow-up was 12.1 months. Estimated median @entity1349 was 21.7 months (IQR: 11.8-104) in @entity1 who received AC vs. 10.1 (IQR: 5.6-48.1) in those who did not (P = 0.048). AC was independently associated with improved @entity1349 on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19-0.87; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: AC is associated with improved @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity5 who have PPLNs after LND. Prospective studies are needed to demonstrate causality.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved XXXX in pelvic node-positive @entity5 after lymph node dissection: A multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['penile squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['PeCa', 'penile tumor', 'penile cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['overall survival']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined whether adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) would be associated with improved survival after lymph node dissection (LND) for @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) who have positive pelvic lymph nodes (PPLNs). METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 across 4 centers with @entity957 who underwent LND from 1978 to 2013 and were found to have PPLNs. @entity1 who received chemotherapy before surgery or in the presence of recurrent disease were excluded. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of AC with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), which was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in @entity1349 were determined with the log-rank test. RESULTS: During the study period, 141 @entity1 who underwent LND for @entity5 had PPLNs, and 84 of them met inclusion criteria. Median number of PPLNs was 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4-7), with 10% of cases occurring bilaterally and 55% having pelvic extranodal extension. AC was used in 36 (43%) @entity1 . @entity1 who received AC were younger (P = 0.014), had less-aggressive @entity5 pathology (P<0.01), were less likely to receive adjuvant radiation (P<0.01), had less bilateral inguinal disease (P = 0.019), and had more inguinal extranodal extension (P = 0.042). Median follow-up was 12.1 months. Estimated median @entity1349 was 21.7 months (IQR: 11.8-104) in @entity1 who received AC vs. 10.1 (IQR: 5.6-48.1) in those who did not (P = 0.048). AC was independently associated with improved @entity1349 on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19-0.87; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: AC is associated with improved @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity5 who have PPLNs after LND. Prospective studies are needed to demonstrate causality.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved @entity1349 in pelvic node-positive XXXX after lymph node dissection: A multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['penile cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Ki-67 index is essential in the pathological reports for @entity788 . There are three methods to determine the Ki-67 index including eyeball estimation, manual counting, or automated digital imaging analysis. The goal of this study was to compare the three quantification methods with the clinical outcome to determine the best method for clinical practice. Ki-67 immunostaining was performed on 97 resected @entity788 . The three methods of quantification were employed: (1) an average of eyeball estimation by three pathologists; (2) manual counting of at least 500 @entity5 cells; and (3) digital imaging analysis quantitation by selecting 8-10 hot spot regions. All @entity5 were graded according to the 2010 WHO grading system. The three quantification methods for the Ki-67 index had almost perfect agreement. The concordance between manual counting and digital imaging analysis and between manual counting and average eyeball estimation were 0.97 and 0.88, respectively. The concordance among the three pathologists' eyeball estimation was 0.86. All three methods correlated with @entity1 ' survival using the 2010 WHO grading system. Eyeball estimation scores were significantly less than those of the other two methods and tended to downgrade more @entity5 to grade 1, but they had higher predictive ability for survival and recurrence. The WHO system using the mitotic rate could also separate @entity1 with different survival and even downgraded more @entity5 to grade 1. The results suggest the necessity of a consensus among pathologists for the method to determine the Ki-67 index and proper cutoff of the Ki-67 index for better clinical correlation.

title: Comparison of Three Ki-67 Index Quantification Methods and Clinical Significance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To see if urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT)/ @entity1011 and other urinary components of the RAS could be used to detect @entity8 in pregnancy, as @entity8 predisposes to @entity1468 . METHODS: Plasma and urinary prorenin, @entity1289 and AGT (iRAS) were measured by ELISA. Urinary active @entity916 levels were measured enzymatically (9 males, 10 non pregnant, 61 Australian Indigenous pregnant @entity1 ). RESULTS: No relationships between plasma RAS and iRAS were found. In non-pregnant females plasma AGT levels were inversely related to protein and albumin/ @entity1011 (r=-0.72, P=0.019, n=10; r=-0.65, P=0.042, n=10). In pregnancy, plasma @entity1289 levels were related to protein/ @entity1011 (r=0.29, P=0.036, n=54). Urinary protein/ @entity1011 was not related to iRAS activity (males and non-pregnant females) but in pregnancy was related to prorenin and active @entity916 / @entity1011 (r=0.45, P=0.02, n=26 r=0.47, P<0.001, n=50). Urinary albumin/ @entity1011 was related to uAGT and active @entity916 / @entity1011 in pregnancy (r=0.39, P=0.005, n=51; r=0.37, P=0.008, n=51). uACE/ @entity1011 and uAGT/ @entity1011 were related (r=0.52, P<0.001, n=51). CONCLUSION: Excretion of components of the iRAS is independent of plasma levels. Not only is uAGT/ @entity1011 related to albumin/ @entity1011 but there are similar relationships with other iRAS components. Measurement of the iRAS in @entity1 pregnancy may detect early stage @entity8 , @entity4759 in Indigenous Australians.

title: PP025. Measurement of the activity of the circulating and intrarenal XXXX -angiotensin system (iRAS) in pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to study inactivation of different pathogenic bacteria on agar model surface using @entity3759 -UV photocatalysis (TUVP). METHODS AND RESULTS: A unified food surface model was simulated using Bacto(   ) agar, a routinely used microbial medium. The foodborne pathogenic bacteria @entity2624 (as a surrogate for @entity526 O157:H7), @entity2491 , @entity794 , and @entity5125 were inoculated onto the agar surface, followed by investigation of TUVP-assisted inactivation and morphological changes in bacterial cells. The TUVP process showed higher bacterial inactivation, particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, than UVC alone and a control (dark reaction). A TUVP treatment of 17.2 mW cm(-2) (30% lower than the UVC light intensity) reduced the microbial load on the agar surface by 4.5-6.0 log CFU cm(-2) . UVC treatment of 23.7 mW cm(-2) caused 3.0-5.3 log CFU cm(-2) reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The use of agar model surface is effective for investigation of bacterial disinfection and TUVP is a promising non-thermal technique. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results showing effects of photocatalysis and other treatments for inactivation of bacterial pathogens on model surface can be useful for applying such processes for disinfection of fruit, vegetables and other similar surfaces. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Inactivation of pathogenic bacteria inoculated onto a Bacto(   ) agar model surface using XXXX -UVC photocatalysis, UVC and chlorine treatments.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K12']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3759 :: (CHEBI:32234,Chemical) :: ['TiO2']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to define normative @entity227 ( @entity227 ) values for @entity1 using common clinical test protocols for kinetic and static perimetry. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SUBJECTS: We recruited 154 @entity1 aged 5 to 15 years without any @entity558 that would affect the @entity227 (controls) from pediatric clinics at Moorfields Eye Hospital. METHODS: @entity1 performed perimetric assessments in a randomized order using Goldmann and Octopus kinetic perimetry, and Humphrey static perimetry (Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm [SITA] 24-2 FAST), in a single sitting, using standardized clinical protocols, with assessment by a single examiner. Unreliable results (assessed qualitatively) were excluded from the normative data analysis. Linear, piecewise, and quantile mixed-effects regression models were used. We developed a method to display age-specific normative isopters graphically on a @entity227 plot to aid interpretation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Summary measures and graphical plots describing normative @entity227 data for 3 common perimetric tests. RESULTS: Visual field area increased with age on testing with Goldmann isopters III4e, I4e, and I2e (linear regression; P < 0.001) and for Octopus isopters III4e and I4e (linear regression; P < 0.005). Visual field development occurs predominately in the inferotemporal field. Humphrey @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) showed an increase of 0.3 decibels (dB; 95% CI, 0.21-0.40) @entity5494 per year up to 12 years of age, when adult @entity5494 values were reached and thereafter maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Visual field size and sensitivity increase with age in patterns that are specific to the perimetric approach used. These developmental changes should be accounted for when interpreting perimetric test results in @entity1 , particularly when monitoring change over time.

title: Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing In XXXX (OPTIC): Normative Visual Field Values in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic condition']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to define normative @entity227 ( @entity227 ) values for @entity1 using common clinical test protocols for kinetic and static perimetry. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SUBJECTS: We recruited 154 @entity1 aged 5 to 15 years without any @entity558 that would affect the @entity227 (controls) from pediatric clinics at Moorfields Eye Hospital. METHODS: @entity1 performed perimetric assessments in a randomized order using Goldmann and Octopus kinetic perimetry, and Humphrey static perimetry (Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm [SITA] 24-2 FAST), in a single sitting, using standardized clinical protocols, with assessment by a single examiner. Unreliable results (assessed qualitatively) were excluded from the normative data analysis. Linear, piecewise, and quantile mixed-effects regression models were used. We developed a method to display age-specific normative isopters graphically on a @entity227 plot to aid interpretation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Summary measures and graphical plots describing normative @entity227 data for 3 common perimetric tests. RESULTS: Visual field area increased with age on testing with Goldmann isopters III4e, I4e, and I2e (linear regression; P < 0.001) and for Octopus isopters III4e and I4e (linear regression; P < 0.005). Visual field development occurs predominately in the inferotemporal field. Humphrey @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) showed an increase of 0.3 decibels (dB; 95% CI, 0.21-0.40) @entity5494 per year up to 12 years of age, when adult @entity5494 values were reached and thereafter maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Visual field size and sensitivity increase with age in patterns that are specific to the perimetric approach used. These developmental changes should be accounted for when interpreting perimetric test results in @entity1 , particularly when monitoring change over time.

title: Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing In @entity1 (OPTIC): Normative Visual Field Values in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the imaging and clinical features of @entity54273 and to describe the phenomenon of diurnal variation in the size of @entity54273 in @entity1 with @entity3008 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity3008 underwent chest and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). Thirteen @entity1 underwent CT in the morning and afternoon of the same day to assess diurnal variation in @entity54273 size. RESULTS: Twenty-seven of 128 @entity1 (21%) had 54 @entity54273 . The vast majority (96%) of these masses contained material of low attenuation at CT. Associated CT findings included enlarged abdominal lymph nodes, @entity1143 , @entity843 , and dilatation of the thoracic duct. The prevalence of @entity54273 was 15% in @entity1 who had mild @entity358 , 19% in @entity1 who had moderate disease, and 26% in @entity1 who had severe disease. Diurnal variation in size of masses was demonstrated in 12 of 13 @entity1 . Seven of the 27 @entity1 who had masses underwent biopsy; all seven were confirmed to have @entity54273 . The most common symptoms associated with @entity54273 were @entity11035 , @entity490 , and @entity4 of the lower extremities. The majority of the @entity1 reported worsening of symptoms as the day progressed. CONCLUSION: @entity54273 are common in @entity1 with @entity3008 . Diurnal variation in size may explain worsening of symptoms during the day.

title: XXXX : CT of diurnal variation of lymphangioleiomyomas.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity54273 :: ('MESH:D008203', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyoma', 'Lymphangioleiomyomas', 'lymphangioleiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3008 :: (MESH:D018192,Disease) :: ['Lymphangioleiomyomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) requires later cranioplasty (CP) in survivors. However, if additional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement due to shunt-dependent @entity1276 is necessary, the optimal timing of both procedures still remains controversial. We therefore analyzed our computerized database concerning the optimal timing of CP and @entity260 . METHODS: From 2009-2014, 41 cranioplasty procedures with simultaneous or staged VPS placement were performed at the authors' institution. @entity1 were stratified into two groups according to the time from CP to VPS ("simultaneous" and "staged"). @entity1 characteristics, timing of CP and VPS, as well as procedure-related complications, were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS: Overall CP and VPS were performed simultaneously in 41% and in staged fashion in 59% of the @entity1 . The overall complication rate was 27%. @entity1 who underwent simultaneous CP and VPS suffered significantly more often from complications compared with @entity1 who underwent staged CP and VPS procedures (47% vs. 12%; P = 0.03). @entity1 with simultaneous CP and VPS had a significantly higher rate of infectious postoperative complications compared with @entity1 with staged procedures (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, simultaneous CP and VPS procedure was the only significant predictor of postoperative complication after CP and VPS (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: We provide detailed data on surgical timing and complications for cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement after DC. The present data suggest that @entity1 who undergo staged CP and VPS procedures might benefit from a lower complication rate. This might influence future surgical decision making regarding optimal timing of CP and VPS placement.

title: Cranioplasty and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement after Decompressive Craniectomy: Staged Surgery Is Associated with Fewer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['VPS regarding postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of utilisation, the accuracy and the effect of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in @entity1 with nodular @entity1374 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and twenty eight @entity1 with @entity1374 who were treated surgically were reviewed. The @entity400 of 201 @entity1 were compared with the post-operative histopathological findings. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 (69%) presented with nodular @entity1374 (solitary and multinodular) and among this group 31.4% did not undergo @entity400 pre-operatively. In more than 76%, the @entity400 resulted in a definite cytologic diagnosis. A sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 96.4% was achieved. CONCLUSION: If @entity400 were used routinely in the initial evaluation of @entity1 with thyroid nodules it could have an enormous effect on their management. It reduces the number of @entity1 going for thyroidectomy and eliminates the need for nuclear scans to screen @entity1 with thyroid nodules. Therefore, we recommend @entity400 to be part of the initial evaluation of all @entity1 with nodular @entity1374 .

title: Role of XXXX in the management of thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the frequency with which @entity1 with @entity5 present with uncomplicated @entity2210 and to determine the impact of changing the threshold for early endoscopy from 45 to 55 yr, as has recently been recommended in European studies. METHODS: Three hundred forty-one @entity1 with @entity5 at two Milwaukee teaching hospitals were identified from electronic databases. Trained physician-investigators reviewed the charts using a specifically designed questionnaire. Staging of @entity5 was performed using the TNM classification to determine operability. Uncomplicated @entity2210 was defined as @entity2210 without alarm symptoms/signs ( @entity1282 , @entity391 , @entity353 , early satiety, @entity548 , or @entity417 ). RESULTS: There were 341 @entity1 with @entity5 with a mean age of 68 yr (range = 22-94). Twenty-one @entity1 were younger than 45 and 65 were under 55. Uncomplicated @entity2210 was the presenting symptom in five of 65 (7.7%) @entity1 younger than 55 and one of 21 (4.8%) @entity1 under 45 (p = 0.99). Five @entity1 55 or younger presented with uncomplicated @entity2210 . All had advanced, inoperable disease (stage III or higher). CONCLUSIONS: 1) In a racially diverse United States population, upper @entity5 presenting without alarm symptoms is uncommon. 2) Raising the threshold for immediate endoscopy in uncomplicated @entity2210 from age 45 to 55 increases the risk of missing an underlying @entity5 but may not affect outcome, as incurable disease was present at diagnosis within a few weeks of the onset of symptoms.

title: Upper @entity5 , uncomplicated XXXX , and the age threshold for early endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI malignancies', 'GI malignancy', 'GI cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the frequency with which @entity1 with @entity5 present with uncomplicated @entity2210 and to determine the impact of changing the threshold for early endoscopy from 45 to 55 yr, as has recently been recommended in European studies. METHODS: Three hundred forty-one @entity1 with @entity5 at two Milwaukee teaching hospitals were identified from electronic databases. Trained physician-investigators reviewed the charts using a specifically designed questionnaire. Staging of @entity5 was performed using the TNM classification to determine operability. Uncomplicated @entity2210 was defined as @entity2210 without alarm symptoms/signs ( @entity1282 , @entity391 , @entity353 , early satiety, @entity548 , or @entity417 ). RESULTS: There were 341 @entity1 with @entity5 with a mean age of 68 yr (range = 22-94). Twenty-one @entity1 were younger than 45 and 65 were under 55. Uncomplicated @entity2210 was the presenting symptom in five of 65 (7.7%) @entity1 younger than 55 and one of 21 (4.8%) @entity1 under 45 (p = 0.99). Five @entity1 55 or younger presented with uncomplicated @entity2210 . All had advanced, inoperable disease (stage III or higher). CONCLUSIONS: 1) In a racially diverse United States population, upper @entity5 presenting without alarm symptoms is uncommon. 2) Raising the threshold for immediate endoscopy in uncomplicated @entity2210 from age 45 to 55 increases the risk of missing an underlying @entity5 but may not affect outcome, as incurable disease was present at diagnosis within a few weeks of the onset of symptoms.

title: Upper XXXX , uncomplicated @entity2210 , and the age threshold for early endoscopy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['GI malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the operation methods and clinical effects of transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament in treating @entity2720 . METHODS: From January 2006 to June 2012,26 @entity1 with acute @entity2720 underwent surgery. Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional clavical hoot plate and Kirschner wires fixation, were performed in all the @entity1 . Among the @entity1 , 18 @entity1 were male and 8 @entity1 were female, with an average age of 36.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 51 years). The duration from @entity130 was from 3 to 12 days with an average of 5 days. According to the Rockwood classification, 4 cases were grade III and 22 cases were grade V . Clinical manifestation included @entity4 , tenderness with snapping, limitation of shoulder joint motion. In preoperative bilateral shoulder joint X-rays, the injured coracoclavicular distance was (16.2    5.0) mm which was significantly wider than that of uninjured sides (7.6    1.0) mm. Clinical results were evaluated according to X-rays and Constant-Murley score. RESULTS: All incisions obtained primary healing after operation without complication of @entity281 , internal fixation breakage, redislocation. All the @entity1 were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of 18 months. Kirschner wires and internal fixation plate were removed at 1 month and 8-10 months after operation, respectively. At final follow-up, the motion of shoulder joint recovered to normal and a no @entity158 joint was obtained. According to Constant-Murley score, 24 cases got excellent results and 2 cases good. There was no significant difference after operation between the injured coracoclavicular distance and the uninjured contralateral side [(7.7    1.2) mm vs (7.6    1.0) mm), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional fixation using hook plate and Kirschner wires is the effective surgical method in treating complete acute @entity2720 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament].

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['local swelling']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation', 'acromioclavicular joint dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to operation']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of @entity3283 resulting in @entity735 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of all cases requiring evisceration or enucleation due to microbial @entity1036 at Wills Eye Hospital between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1995. Medical records were reviewed to determine the past medical and ophthalmic history, duration of symptoms and treatment prior to referral, and the size of the ulcer at time of presentation. Treatment, culture results, and clinical course were also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 1.8% (17 of 965) of the @entity1 with @entity3283 admitted to Wills Eye Hospital underwent evisceration or enucleation for microbial @entity1036 . The median age of the @entity1 was 67 years (+/- 20.1 years). A majority of the @entity1 (82%, 14 of 17) had a history of preexisting @entity2194 resulting in poor visual acuity. The median duration of symptoms prior to presentation to Wills Eye Hospital was 11.4 days (+/- 13.9 days). The average size of the corneal infiltrate was 40.8 @entity202 (+/- 38.7 @entity202 ). The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas (7 cases) and Streptococcus (3 cases). @entity1 required evisceration (14 cases) or enucleation (3 cases) due to uncontrolled @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1036 resulting in @entity735 occurred typically in @entity1 who were elderly with preexisting poor visual acuity, who presented with severe @entity281 due to virulent organisms or delayed treatment.

title: XXXX resulting in @entity735 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['Microbial keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['loss of the eye']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['infected corneal ulcers', 'corneal ulcers']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Microbial keratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of @entity3283 resulting in @entity735 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of all cases requiring evisceration or enucleation due to microbial @entity1036 at Wills Eye Hospital between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1995. Medical records were reviewed to determine the past medical and ophthalmic history, duration of symptoms and treatment prior to referral, and the size of the ulcer at time of presentation. Treatment, culture results, and clinical course were also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 1.8% (17 of 965) of the @entity1 with @entity3283 admitted to Wills Eye Hospital underwent evisceration or enucleation for microbial @entity1036 . The median age of the @entity1 was 67 years (+/- 20.1 years). A majority of the @entity1 (82%, 14 of 17) had a history of preexisting @entity2194 resulting in poor visual acuity. The median duration of symptoms prior to presentation to Wills Eye Hospital was 11.4 days (+/- 13.9 days). The average size of the corneal infiltrate was 40.8 @entity202 (+/- 38.7 @entity202 ). The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas (7 cases) and Streptococcus (3 cases). @entity1 required evisceration (14 cases) or enucleation (3 cases) due to uncontrolled @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1036 resulting in @entity735 occurred typically in @entity1 who were elderly with preexisting poor visual acuity, who presented with severe @entity281 due to virulent organisms or delayed treatment.

title: @entity1036 resulting in XXXX .

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['loss of the eye']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Late-life @entity308 is associated with increased subcortical @entity62 . There is some evidence that they are associated with a poorer response to acute treatment. Neurological signs and @entity409 are further evidence of @entity75 , but they have not been studied in relation to therapy resistance. METHODS: A prospective study of 24 normal controls and 75 consecutive elderly (aged 65 to 85) @entity1 with DSM-III-R major @entity308 entered a naturalistic study of treatment. Assessment of response to monotherapy and then @entity1091 augmentation or @entity1654 created three outcome groups. Investigations included magnetic resonance brain imaging, neuropsychological and neurological examination. RESULTS: Response to monotherapy within 12 weeks was shown by 42.7%, a further 37.3% responded to @entity1091 augmentation or @entity1654 within 24 weeks and 20% had responded poorly to all treatments at 24 weeks. Subcortical hyperintensities were significantly increased in the more resistant @entity1 . These included confluent deep white matter, multiple (> 5) @entity21 and pontine @entity66 . Most of the @entity73 was restricted to the resistant groups and was of a subcortico-frontal type. @entity16 characterized the resistant groups. The combination of @entity21 , pyramidal tract signs and impairment of motor hand sequencing strongly predicted resistance to 12 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy with 89% sensitivity and 95% specificity. CONCLUSION: In late-life @entity308 a poor response to antidepressant monotherapy can be expected in those @entity1 with a @entity75 , @entity21 or if MRI T2-weighted lesions are present in both the basal ganglia and the pontine reticular formation.

title: Is subcortical disease associated with a poor response to antidepressants? Neurological, neuropsychological and neuroradiological findings in late-life XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reticular formation lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe syndrome', 'abnormalities in the brain']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal, frontal and pyramidal neurological signs']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia lesions', 'extrapyramidal signs']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Six months of daily @entity1643 ratings for 94 individuals were tested for the influence of prevailing weather conditions during the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Intergroup differences were tested for study @entity1 who reported weather sensitivity and for those who did not. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between @entity158 ratings and prevailing weather conditions in a population with chronic or recurrent @entity1643 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Weather conditions have been reported to influence @entity158 perception in some disease states, including @entity1643 . Investigations of this relation in chronic or recurrent @entity1643 have involved varied methodologies, and conflicting results have been reported. METHODS: The effects of eight weather variables reported to influence @entity4512 were tested on daily @entity158 ratings. A post hoc weather sensitivity questionnaire was used to disperse 73 individuals into groups based on perceived weather sensitivity, and group differences were tested. RESULTS: Significant effects on @entity158 scores were found, most notably for temperature and vapor pressure. The magnitude of the effects were small compared with autocorrelation of an individual's own @entity158 scores. Significant differences were found between the group of individuals who were insensitive to weather conditions and that of individuals with perceived sensitivity to cold temperatures. No significant intergroup differences were found for damp, rainy conditions or changes in barometric pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Weather conditions may influence subjective reporting of @entity1643 significantly. Although the effects are small in magnitude, they should be considered in clinical treatment of the @entity1 with chronic, nonspecific @entity1643 . @entity158 scores may demonstrate greater interaction with certain weather conditions in individuals perceiving sensitivity to those conditions.

title: Meteorological conditions and self-report of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Intrinsic cervical @entity602 represents the serious and permanent complications that can occur if cervical epidural steroid injections are administered while the @entity1 is sedated. Two case reports are presented. OBJECTIVES: To draw attention to the dangerous consequences that can arise from sedating a @entity1 before administering a cervical epidural steroid injection. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Reported complications of cervical epidural steroid injections have been minor and infrequent. No reports of intrinsic cervical @entity602 could be found in a comprehensive English language literature search. METHODS: Two case reports of permanent intrinsic cervical @entity602 in @entity1 who had been administered cervical epidural steroid injections while under intravenous sedation are presented. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after the administration of cervical epidural steroid injections. Each @entity1 had herniated nucleus pulposus before they received cervical epidural steroid injections and intrinsic @entity602 on postinjection magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: Both @entity1 developed @entity158 and neurologic symptoms within 24 hours of injection. To date, these symptoms appear to be permanent. However, @entity1 1 had @entity158 relief in her right arm and shoulder after undergoing a microdiscectomy, but @entity158 was still persistent in her left leg, and she has developed a positive Lhermitte's sign. CONCLUSION: These case reports indicate fluoroscopic guidance will not insure or prevent intrathecal perforation or spinal cord penetration during the administration of cervical epidural steroid injections. In addition, although intravenous sedations during cervical epidural steroid injections have been used numerous times without reported complications, it appears intravenous sedation in these two cases resulted in the inability of the @entity1 to experience the expected @entity158 and paresthesias at the time of spinal cord irritation. Therefore, the authors conclude that the @entity1 should be fully awake during the administration of cervical epidural steroid injections, with only local anesthetic in the skin used for analgesia.

title: Cervical epidural steroid injection with intrinsic XXXX . Two case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage', 'spinal cord damage']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of @entity5 among workers of a Moscow (Russia) shoe factory exposed to @entity33426 ( @entity44471 ) ( @entity2723 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort mortality study among 5,185 shoe manufacturing workers employed between 1940 and 1976, and followed from 1979 through 1993. Exposure to @entity2723 was assessed by linking the job history with industrial hygiene data. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) using the Moscow population as reference, and conducted an internal comparison analysis based on Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, all-cause mortality was close to expectation and all- @entity5 mortality was increased. There was an increase in the mortality from @entity96 (SMR = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.3), @entity703 (SMR = 1.8, CI = 0.9-3.4), and @entity1778 (SMR = 1.9, CI = 1.0-3.3). Mortality from @entity96 and @entity1778 was associated with various indicators of @entity2723 exposure. A similar, although less consistent, pattern was found for @entity703 mortality; while for the remaining @entity5 , no association was suggested with @entity2723 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity2723 exposure and risk of @entity1778 may be due to concomitant exposure to @entity7935 . The results for @entity96 point towards a @entity2723 .

title: @entity5 mortality among Moscow shoe workers exposed to XXXX (Russia).

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity44471 :: ('CHEBI:39481', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloro-1,3-butadiene']

entities_list: @entity33426 :: ('MESH:D002737', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprene']

entities_list: @entity2723 :: ('MESH:C566991', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic effect of CP', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity33426 :: (MESH:D002737,Chemical) :: ['chloroprene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of @entity5 among workers of a Moscow (Russia) shoe factory exposed to @entity33426 ( @entity44471 ) ( @entity2723 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort mortality study among 5,185 shoe manufacturing workers employed between 1940 and 1976, and followed from 1979 through 1993. Exposure to @entity2723 was assessed by linking the job history with industrial hygiene data. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) using the Moscow population as reference, and conducted an internal comparison analysis based on Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, all-cause mortality was close to expectation and all- @entity5 mortality was increased. There was an increase in the mortality from @entity96 (SMR = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.3), @entity703 (SMR = 1.8, CI = 0.9-3.4), and @entity1778 (SMR = 1.9, CI = 1.0-3.3). Mortality from @entity96 and @entity1778 was associated with various indicators of @entity2723 exposure. A similar, although less consistent, pattern was found for @entity703 mortality; while for the remaining @entity5 , no association was suggested with @entity2723 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity2723 exposure and risk of @entity1778 may be due to concomitant exposure to @entity7935 . The results for @entity96 point towards a @entity2723 .

title: XXXX mortality among Moscow shoe workers exposed to @entity33426 (Russia).

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: We report on six @entity1 with intratubular Sertoli cell proliferations (ISCPs), studied by routine histologic methods, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry of anti-m  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ), @entity11225 -subunit, @entity1816 dehydrogenase ( @entity11187 ), proliferative cellular nuclear antigen, and @entity876 , and carefully followed for extended periods with periodic clinical examinations, testicular ultrasonographies, and determinations of serum levels of @entity248 and inhibin B. @entity2838 was found in four of six @entity1 , and @entity247 occurred in five of six @entity1 . One @entity1 had isosexual pseudoprecocity. ISCPs were observed as multiple foci of seminiferous tubules with large and proliferated Sertoli cells replacing germ cells and limited by the basement membrane. Mitotic figures, atypia, and/or interstitial invasion were not observed. Bilateral ISCPs were the only pathologic finding in three @entity1 ( @entity1 nos. 1-3) and were associated with a microscopic @entity5 that resembled a large-cell calcifying @entity19464 (LCCSCT) in a fourth @entity1 ( @entity1 no. 4). In the two remaining @entity1 ( @entity1 nos. 5 and 6) ISCPs and LCCSCT were found in both testes. Ultrastructural examination showed large Sertoli cells, with round nuclei, sparse organelles, and some glycogen. @entity11225 -subunit immunolocalization was positive in the five @entity1 in whom it was determined ( @entity1 nos. 2-6), @entity248 was positive in those ISCPs associated with @entity5 ( @entity1 nos. 4-6) and negative in isolated ISCPs ( @entity1 nos. 2 and 3); @entity11187 and PCNA were variable, and @entity876 was negative in all ISCPs. @entity1 nos. 1-4 have been followed for 2-19 years. One of them is currently entering puberty, the other two have already completed puberty and have testes of normal size, and the remaining one is an adult with clinically normal testes and sperm production. None of these @entity1 had evidence of @entity5 development during follow-up as shown by serial ultrasonographies and serum levels of @entity248 and inhibin B. @entity1 nos. 5 and 6 who had bilateral ISCPs and LCCSCT were orchidectomized and evolved for 2-10 years after surgery without @entity5 recurrence. The prognostic significance of ISCPs, particularly when they are the only pathologic finding in a testicular biopsy, is a matter of controversy. Based on the long normal evolution, we recommend a conservative approach to therapy. The bilateral and multicentric character of ISCPs and their association with Sertoli @entity5 and @entity2838 suggest that they represent either @entity75 with tumorigenic potential or the intraepithelial stage in the evolution of some testicular Sertoli cell @entity5 .

title: Sertoli cell proliferations of the infantile testis: an intratubular form of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'Patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity11225 :: ('3623', 'Gene') :: ['Inhibin alpha', 'inhibin alpha']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity19464 :: ('MESH:D012707', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli cell tumor']

answer: @entity19464 :: (MESH:D012707,Disease) :: ['Sertoli cell tumor']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity1164 is a leading cause of mortality in @entity146 @entity1 . @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) is common in this population and predisposes to @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) and subsequent mortality. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of electrocardiographic screening to detect @entity1162 in @entity146 inpatients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We built a decision analytic model based on a decision tree to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and utility of @entity1162 screening from a health care perspective. @entity1162 proportion parameters were derived from an in-hospital cross-sectional study. We performed experts' elicitation to estimate the risk of @entity1166 , given extent of @entity1162 . A @entity1166 of 65% after @entity1162 detection was based on positive drug dechallenge rate and through adequate treatment and electrolyte adjustments. The base-case model uncertainty was assessed with one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Finally, the @entity1166 related mortality and @entity1166 avoidance parameters were varied in a two-way sensitivity analysis to assess their effect on the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Costs, Quality Ajusted Life Year (QALY), ICER, and probability of cost effectiveness thresholds (  10 000,  25 000, and  50 000 per QALY). RESULTS: In the base-case scenario, the numbers of @entity1 needed to screen were 1128 and 2817 to avoid one @entity1166 and one death, respectively. The ICER of systematic ECG screening was  8644 (95%CI, 3144-82 498) per QALY. The probability of cost-effectiveness was 96% at a willingness-to-pay of  50 000 for one QALY. In sensitivity analyses, results were sensitive to the case-fatality of @entity1166 episodes and to the @entity1166 following the diagnosis of @entity1162 . CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: In @entity146 hospitals, performing systematic ECG screening at admission help reduce the number of @entity1164 in a cost-effective fashion.

title: Electrocardiographic Screening for Prolonged QT Interval to Reduce XXXX in Psychiatric @entity1 : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['TdP reduction', 'Torsades-de-Pointes', 'TdP']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Long QT', 'QT prolongation', 'LQT']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden Cardiac Death']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity1164 is a leading cause of mortality in @entity146 @entity1 . @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) is common in this population and predisposes to @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) and subsequent mortality. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of electrocardiographic screening to detect @entity1162 in @entity146 inpatients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We built a decision analytic model based on a decision tree to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and utility of @entity1162 screening from a health care perspective. @entity1162 proportion parameters were derived from an in-hospital cross-sectional study. We performed experts' elicitation to estimate the risk of @entity1166 , given extent of @entity1162 . A @entity1166 of 65% after @entity1162 detection was based on positive drug dechallenge rate and through adequate treatment and electrolyte adjustments. The base-case model uncertainty was assessed with one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Finally, the @entity1166 related mortality and @entity1166 avoidance parameters were varied in a two-way sensitivity analysis to assess their effect on the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Costs, Quality Ajusted Life Year (QALY), ICER, and probability of cost effectiveness thresholds (  10 000,  25 000, and  50 000 per QALY). RESULTS: In the base-case scenario, the numbers of @entity1 needed to screen were 1128 and 2817 to avoid one @entity1166 and one death, respectively. The ICER of systematic ECG screening was  8644 (95%CI, 3144-82 498) per QALY. The probability of cost-effectiveness was 96% at a willingness-to-pay of  50 000 for one QALY. In sensitivity analyses, results were sensitive to the case-fatality of @entity1166 episodes and to the @entity1166 following the diagnosis of @entity1162 . CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: In @entity146 hospitals, performing systematic ECG screening at admission help reduce the number of @entity1164 in a cost-effective fashion.

title: Electrocardiographic Screening for Prolonged QT Interval to Reduce @entity1164 in Psychiatric XXXX : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood stream @entity281 (BSIs) are a common source of morbidity and @entity204 in hospitalized @entity1 . We hypothesized that the proportions of @entity2259 from gram-positive and fungal pathogens have decreased over time, whereas rates of gram-negative @entity2259 have increased as a result of better central venous catheter management. METHODS: All U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined BSIs in @entity1 treated on the general surgery and @entity130 services at our institution between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2009 were identified prospectively. These cases were analyzed on a yearly basis to compare rates of various @entity281 over time. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to evaluate categorical data, whereas the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for ordered values was used to analyze continuous data. RESULTS: A total of 1,040 @entity1 had 1,441 episodes of BSI caused by 1,632 strains of bacteria or fungi. There was no difference over time in the proportion of BSI among overall @entity281 . Rates of BSI for gram-negative and fungal pathogens increased over time (p=0.03 and<0.0001, respectively), whereas rates of gram-positive BSI decreased (p<0.0001). Positive changes in anaerobic BSI approached statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Although our hypothesis was only partly true, over the last 12 y, our institution clearly has witnessed a shift in the types of organisms causing BSIs. There was a decrease in the rates of BSI caused by gram-positive pathogens with an associated increase in the rates of BSI of @entity281 by fungal and gram-negative pathogens. Interventions to reduce institutional rates of BSI should include targeted therapies based on historical institutional trends.

title: Temporal Trends in Blood Stream Infection Isolates from Surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']