abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a prospective randomized trial to define the optimal sequence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy of postoperative adjuvant treatment in @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred eight @entity1 were enrolled onto the study. We randomly assigned 155 to arm I (early radiotherapy group) and 153 to arm II (late radiotherapy group). Treatment included eight cycles of chemotherapy at 4-week intervals and pelvic radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Radiotherapy started on day 1 of the first chemotherapy cycle in arm I and on day 1 of the third chemotherapy cycle in arm II. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of @entity1487 375 mg/m(2)/d and @entity4181 20 mg/m(2)/d. Chemotherapy was administered for 3 days per cycle in two cycles during the period of radiotherapy and for 5 days per cycle in the remaining six cycles. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 in arm I and 14 in arm II were not eligible. We included 274 @entity1 in the analysis. With a median follow-up of 37 months for surviving @entity1 , disease-free survival was significantly prolonged in arm I compared with arm II (81% v. 70% at 4 years; P =.043). Twenty-three recurrences occurred in arm I and 38 in arm II (P =.047). Overall survival was not significantly different between arms I and II (84% v. 82% at 4 years; P =.387). CONCLUSION: Early radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy after resection of @entity5 demonstrated a statistically significant advantage for disease-free survival compared with late radiotherapy with chemotherapy.

title: Randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in XXXX to define the optimal sequence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and III rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage II and III rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the use of adjuvant therapy for @entity0 using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference statements as guideposts for assessing how rapidly community physicians adopt recommended therapies. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage I through IIIA @entity0 diagnosed in 1987 through 1991 and in 1995 were randomly sampled from the population-based National @entity5 Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results program. A total of 8,106 @entity1 were included in the study with younger @entity1 , < or = 50 years, being oversampled. Their treating physicians were asked to verify whether chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or both were given. RESULTS: After adjusting for clinical and nonclinical factors, the use of 1985 recommendations for adjuvant therapy in @entity1 with @entity1817 was already high at 80% in 1987 and increased slightly to 84% by 1995. Use of combined multidrug chemotherapy plus @entity440 increased. In contrast, the use of 1990 recommendations for adjuvant therapy for node-negative disease was slightly less than 13% in 1987 and increased markedly to 57% by 1995. For @entity1 with node-negative @entity5 > or = 1 cm in size diagnosed in 1995, 40% received @entity440 , 16% combination chemotherapy, and 7% both, an increase from 10%, 5%, and 0.4%, respectively, in 1987. CONCLUSION: Community physicians began prescribing adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in advance of publication of the NIH consensus statement in 1990. Adoption of recommended treatments for node-negative disease has been less complete compared with node-positive @entity5 , perhaps reflecting the more complex nature of the clinical trials data or the smaller anticipated benefit from adjuvant therapy for this disease subset.

title: Adjuvant therapy for XXXX : practice patterns of community physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['node-positive disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite great success in the treatment of disseminated germ cell @entity5 , 20% of @entity1 are incurable and become candidates for investigational therapy. @entity1311 and @entity136 have shown activity as single agents in @entity2971 and can be combined with manageable @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 believed to be incurable with chemotherapy or surgery were treated with @entity1311 110 mg/m(2) and @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4-week cycle for a maximum of six cycles. @entity1 were evaluated for response and @entity137 . RESULTS: Twenty-eight of 30 enrolled @entity1 were assessable. @entity137 was primarily hematologic but was manageable with only a single case of @entity221 . Six (21.4%) of 28 @entity1 responded, including three complete responses. Two of the complete responders were continuously disease-free at 15+ and 25+ months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 plus @entity136 is an active regimen in @entity2971 , with an acceptable @entity137 profile. This regimen has the possibility for long-term disease-free survival in this refractory @entity1 population.

title: Phase II study of XXXX plus @entity136 in @entity2971 (E9897): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['refractory germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite great success in the treatment of disseminated germ cell @entity5 , 20% of @entity1 are incurable and become candidates for investigational therapy. @entity1311 and @entity136 have shown activity as single agents in @entity2971 and can be combined with manageable @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 believed to be incurable with chemotherapy or surgery were treated with @entity1311 110 mg/m(2) and @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4-week cycle for a maximum of six cycles. @entity1 were evaluated for response and @entity137 . RESULTS: Twenty-eight of 30 enrolled @entity1 were assessable. @entity137 was primarily hematologic but was manageable with only a single case of @entity221 . Six (21.4%) of 28 @entity1 responded, including three complete responses. Two of the complete responders were continuously disease-free at 15+ and 25+ months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 plus @entity136 is an active regimen in @entity2971 , with an acceptable @entity137 profile. This regimen has the possibility for long-term disease-free survival in this refractory @entity1 population.

title: Phase II study of @entity1311 plus @entity136 in XXXX (E9897): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['refractory germ cell tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite great success in the treatment of disseminated germ cell @entity5 , 20% of @entity1 are incurable and become candidates for investigational therapy. @entity1311 and @entity136 have shown activity as single agents in @entity2971 and can be combined with manageable @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 believed to be incurable with chemotherapy or surgery were treated with @entity1311 110 mg/m(2) and @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4-week cycle for a maximum of six cycles. @entity1 were evaluated for response and @entity137 . RESULTS: Twenty-eight of 30 enrolled @entity1 were assessable. @entity137 was primarily hematologic but was manageable with only a single case of @entity221 . Six (21.4%) of 28 @entity1 responded, including three complete responses. Two of the complete responders were continuously disease-free at 15+ and 25+ months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 plus @entity136 is an active regimen in @entity2971 , with an acceptable @entity137 profile. This regimen has the possibility for long-term disease-free survival in this refractory @entity1 population.

title: Phase II study of @entity1311 plus XXXX in @entity2971 (E9897): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical and biologic features of @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) and to determine the overall outcome with currently available treatment strategies. @entity1 AND METHODS: Of an unselected population of 635 consecutive @entity1 treated from 1975 through 1996 at 11 @entity5 centers, 341 @entity1 (54%) had primary mediastinal @entity2971 , and 283 @entity1 (45%) had retroperitoneal @entity2971 . Five hundred twenty-four @entity1 (83%) had a @entity10711 ( @entity2971 ), and 104 @entity1 (16%) had a seminomatous histology. RESULTS: After @entity902 -based induction chemotherapy with or without secondary surgery, 141 @entity1 (49%) with @entity1764 (median follow-up, 19 months; range, 1 to 178 months) and 144 @entity1 (63%) with @entity8678 (median follow-up, 29 months; range, 1 to 203 months) are alive (P =.0006). In contrast, the overall survival rate for @entity1 with a seminomatous @entity2971 is 88%, with no difference between @entity1 with mediastinal or retroperitoneal @entity5 location (median follow-up, 49 months; range, 4 to 193 months; respective 70 months; range, 1 to 211 months). A significantly lower progression-free survival rate was found in @entity4797 @entity1 treated with initial radiotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy. Nonseminomatous histology, presence of nonpulmonary visceral metastases, primary mediastinal @entity2971 location, and elevated beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin were independent prognostic factors for shorter survival. @entity1583 (n = 17) occurred without exception in @entity1 with primary mediastinal nonseminoma. Sixteen @entity1 developed a metachronous @entity5 despite the use of @entity902 -based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Whereas @entity1 with pure seminomatous @entity2971 histology have a long-term chance of cure of almost 90% irrespective of the primary @entity5 site, 45% of @entity1 with @entity1764 are alive at 5 years. This outcome is clearly inferior compared with @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum: results from an international analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['extragonadal germ cell tumor', 'EGCT', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer', 'cancer', 'nonseminomatous retroperitoneal primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal nonseminomas']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal nonseminoma']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['Extragonadal germ cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is a biological characteristic of most @entity5 involved in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). This disease appears to be caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which are responsible for repairing single base-pair mismatches. At least five @entity1 genes participate in MMR. @entity124 also occurs in 10%-15% of sporadic @entity14 . Because @entity124 has been suggested as an alternative diagnostic tool for identification of @entity14 families, in this study we analyzed the @entity124 pattern in 100 consecutive @entity14 in order to correlate them with the clinicopathologic features and family histories of the @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 100 @entity14 was evaluated for @entity124 with 10 polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Instability results were compared with family history and other clinical and biological characteristics. RESULTS: @entity124 was detected in 36 of 100 @entity5 , 27 of which showed low instability and nine a high instability. The low- and high-instability cases showed similar clinicopathological characteristics, and significantly positive associations were observed between @entity124 and mucinous histological type (P = 0.0001) and @entity124 and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (P = 0.01). A single @entity14 family was identified in the high-grade @entity124 group, while two families belonged to the @entity124 -negative group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity124 screening is probably not an efficient strategy for identifying @entity14 cases. @entity124 does, however, appear capable of defining a category of @entity14 with favourable prognostic features and should be investigated at least in all cases of @entity3079 .

title: The value of microsatellite instability in the detection of XXXX families and of sporadic @entity14 with special biological features: an investigation on a series of 100 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MI detection', 'Microsatellite instability', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'HNPCC', 'colorectal carcinomas', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['HNPCC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is a biological characteristic of most @entity5 involved in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). This disease appears to be caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which are responsible for repairing single base-pair mismatches. At least five @entity1 genes participate in MMR. @entity124 also occurs in 10%-15% of sporadic @entity14 . Because @entity124 has been suggested as an alternative diagnostic tool for identification of @entity14 families, in this study we analyzed the @entity124 pattern in 100 consecutive @entity14 in order to correlate them with the clinicopathologic features and family histories of the @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 100 @entity14 was evaluated for @entity124 with 10 polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Instability results were compared with family history and other clinical and biological characteristics. RESULTS: @entity124 was detected in 36 of 100 @entity5 , 27 of which showed low instability and nine a high instability. The low- and high-instability cases showed similar clinicopathological characteristics, and significantly positive associations were observed between @entity124 and mucinous histological type (P = 0.0001) and @entity124 and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (P = 0.01). A single @entity14 family was identified in the high-grade @entity124 group, while two families belonged to the @entity124 -negative group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity124 screening is probably not an efficient strategy for identifying @entity14 cases. @entity124 does, however, appear capable of defining a category of @entity14 with favourable prognostic features and should be investigated at least in all cases of @entity3079 .

title: The value of microsatellite instability in the detection of @entity14 families and of sporadic XXXX with special biological features: an investigation on a series of 100 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the definition and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant @entity328 , its links with antibiotic prescribing, data on antibiotic prescribing and prescribing appropriateness, and evidence-based treatment guidelines for common respiratory tract syndromes. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Primary studies consist of cross-sectional surveys and case-control studies. Treatment guidelines are based on clinical trials, meta-analyses, and cohort studies. Study designs were appropriate for the specific study questions. MAIN FINDINGS: The increasing prevalence of @entity114 -resistant @entity2260 is concurrent with increasing antibiotic prescribing. Individual @entity1 show a twofold to ninefold increase in nasopharyngeal carriage of resistant bacteria or invasion with resistant bacteria (among those who have received antibiotics in the preceding 3 months). Cross-sectional data as well as data from medicaid and drug databases attest to overprescribing of antibiotics for @entity1729 . Physician surveys and focus groups blame this on parental pressure for antibiotic prescriptions. However, parents in focus groups and surveys deny they pressure their physicians and indicate their main purpose for office visits is to obtain a diagnosis and to seek reassurance that their @entity1 are not seriously ill. Evidence-based guidelines suggest treatment strategies that would reduce antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSIONS: The few antibiotics that can be used with resistant organisms are expensive and are increasingly being needed. To control the rise of antibiotic resistance, it is important to limit antibiotic overprescribing.

title: Antibiotic-resistant XXXX . Implications for medical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity859 is an established first line therapy for the treatment of narrow @entity591 . The two most common etiologies of paroxysmal @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) are @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) and @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ). HYPOTHESIS: We postulated that @entity859 might have different effects on the termination of @entity2917 vs. @entity16992 , and that these differences might assist in the noninvasive differentiation between these diagnoses. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 referred for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity4710 were included in the study. All @entity1 had @entity4710 induced during electrophysiology testing, and each @entity1 received @entity859 during @entity4710 . The @entity859 dose, time to @entity591 termination, and site of @entity591 termination were recorded. Seventeen @entity1 required @entity3044 administration to initiate @entity4710 . This subset of @entity1 was compared with those not requiring @entity3044 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the @entity859 dose or time to @entity591 termination when comparing @entity1 with @entity2917 with those with @entity16992 . All @entity1 with @entity2917 had termination of @entity591 in the antegrade direction with final activation in the atria. @entity1 requiring @entity3044 for @entity591 initiation experienced @entity591 termination significantly faster than those not requiring @entity3044 , although there was no difference in the dose of @entity859 required for termination. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that @entity1 with dual AV node physiology and @entity2917 do not have altered sensitivity to @entity859 compared with @entity1 with @entity16992 and normal AV nodes. Further investigation will be required to determine the clinical utility of the significantly shorter time to @entity591 termination for @entity1 receiving @entity3044 .

title: Comparison of @entity859 effects on atrioventricular node reentry and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia', 'AVNRT']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'complex tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity16992 :: ('MESH:D054139', 'Disease') :: ['AVRT', 'atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

answer: @entity16992 :: (MESH:D054139,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity859 is an established first line therapy for the treatment of narrow @entity591 . The two most common etiologies of paroxysmal @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) are @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) and @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ). HYPOTHESIS: We postulated that @entity859 might have different effects on the termination of @entity2917 vs. @entity16992 , and that these differences might assist in the noninvasive differentiation between these diagnoses. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 referred for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity4710 were included in the study. All @entity1 had @entity4710 induced during electrophysiology testing, and each @entity1 received @entity859 during @entity4710 . The @entity859 dose, time to @entity591 termination, and site of @entity591 termination were recorded. Seventeen @entity1 required @entity3044 administration to initiate @entity4710 . This subset of @entity1 was compared with those not requiring @entity3044 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the @entity859 dose or time to @entity591 termination when comparing @entity1 with @entity2917 with those with @entity16992 . All @entity1 with @entity2917 had termination of @entity591 in the antegrade direction with final activation in the atria. @entity1 requiring @entity3044 for @entity591 initiation experienced @entity591 termination significantly faster than those not requiring @entity3044 , although there was no difference in the dose of @entity859 required for termination. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that @entity1 with dual AV node physiology and @entity2917 do not have altered sensitivity to @entity859 compared with @entity1 with @entity16992 and normal AV nodes. Further investigation will be required to determine the clinical utility of the significantly shorter time to @entity591 termination for @entity1 receiving @entity3044 .

title: Comparison of XXXX effects on atrioventricular node reentry and @entity16992 .

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Hepatectomy for liver metastases from @entity14 has recently received general acceptance as a safe, potentially curative treatment. Most @entity1 , however, die of recurrent disease after hepatectomy. The predictive factors for recurrence after first resection of liver metastases have not yet been clarified. The authors aimed to determine the factors that can predict recurrence, especially hepatic-only recurrence after hepatectomy for @entity14 . Seventy-six @entity1 who underwent liver resection of colorectal metastases were studied retrospectively. Forty-seven (61.8%) of the @entity1 had a recurrence. The @entity1 ' disease-free survival after first hepatectomy and the second recurrence sites were univariately and multivariately analyzed using 16 clinicopathologic variables. Wall invasion, @entity1600 , lymphatic invasion, venous invasion of the @entity5 , 24 months or longer disease-free interval after resection of the primary @entity14 , and bilateral liver metastases significantly influenced the disease-free survival (log-rank test: p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that venous invasion of the @entity5 and bilateral hepatic metastases were independent risk factors for recurrence after hepatectomy. The liver was the only site of second recurrence in 23 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity1600 and venous invasion of the @entity5 had a significant difference between hepatic-only and extrahepatic recurrence after first hepatectomy (chi-square test or Fishers' exact test: p < 0.05). Recurrence after hepatectomy was influenced more by factors associated with the primary @entity14 than factors surrounding the first liver metastases. @entity3 of the primary @entity14 was the most important predictable factor for hepatic-only second recurrence.

title: Analysis of predictive factors for recurrence after hepatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: We report on a @entity1 with therapy-resistant major @entity308 according to DSM-IV criteria who has been hospitalized for 60 months during the last 7 years. Not even five electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) series (61 single applications) brought lasting remission of symptoms. As @entity73 developed and prolonged postnarcotic recovery times were observed, further ECT was contraindicated. The left frontal cortex was chosen as the target site for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment. For identification, a neuronavigational system was used that allows online monitoring of the position of the magnetic coil in relation to the individual cortex. The therapeutic progress was monitored by standardized psychiatric ratings (HAMD, BDI). In addition, cognitive performance was tested during the course of treatment. Only a few rTMS applications already caused an obvious brightening in mood, remission of @entity308 , and an increase in personal interests and activities. After 4 weeks of daily treatment, the @entity1 was discharged from the ward. The rTMS treatments and psychotherapeutic counseling have been continued on an outpatient basis. Thus, pharmaco- and psychotherapeutic interventions combined with rTMS led to persistent symptom remission and social reintegration.

title: [Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the acute and long-term therapy of XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive delusional symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['refractory depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature linking gestational smoking to @entity154 has been very inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to reinvestigate the relation between gestational smoking and @entity600 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort (N = 18,016) of live births in the TriHealth Hospital system from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 1999. The cohort included 1,943 mothers who were smokers. @entity154 were grouped into 22 different categories. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to find any association between exposure and the possible outcomes. RESULTS: Mothers who smoked were significantly younger and had babies of lower birth weight and shorter gestational age (P < .05). Of the 22 categories of @entity154 , only @entity65 showed a significant difference (P < .01) between the two groups. The remaining 21 categories of @entity154 showed no statistical difference. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who smoke during pregnancy have @entity1 that are significantly smaller and of shorter gestational age compared with mothers who do not smoke. Based on these data and findings from most of the available literature, however, gestational smoking is unlikely to cause a large @entity600 .

title: Maternal smoking and the risk of XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital defects', 'congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular system abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'increase in congenital birth defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['congenital birth defects']


abstract: CASE REPORT: A @entity1 with extensive burns was intubated with an 8.0 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube (ETT) equipped with a subglottic suction port (Mallinckrodt HiLo Evac). The ETT was secured to a left upper molar with wire sutures throughout the hospitalization course to ensure airway stability. On the 40th day of intubation, the @entity1 exsanguinated and died from a @entity17954 . Postmortem examination revealed a 1 cm lesion of the left anterior tracheal wall at the position of the ETT tip. The prolonged stationary position of the ETT was considered the primary factor responsible for the @entity292 . Yet @entity17954 normally is associated with high cuff pressures rather than with the tube tip. The special ETT construction required for the subglottic suction feature was suspected to have @entity2003 and may have played a contributory role. METHODS: The @entity2003 of the Mallinckrodt HiLo Evac was measured with a mechanical model and compared to 5 other commercially-available ETTs. @entity2003 was expressed as the force generated by the ETT tip when the tube curvature was altered by 5 cm and 10 cm of flexion from its resting position. RESULTS: The mean force exerted by the Mallinckrodt HiLo Evac was 10.1 +/- 2.8 g at 5 cm of flexion and 17.7 +/- 5.1 g at 10 cm of flexion. This was significantly greater than all other ETT brands tested (by one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Kuels test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This case of fatal @entity17954 formation associated with an ETT tip was unusual because of the extended duration of endotracheal intubation and the complexity of the @entity1 's airway management problems. Our data suggest that the higher @entity2003 of the HiLo Evac ETT may have contributed to @entity292 development at the tube tip. However, we do not believe that the higher @entity2003 of the HiLo Evac ETT necessarily poses any greater risk than other ETTs under normal circumstances, in which the tube tip is not fixed in a stationary position for an extended period.

title: XXXX caused by the endotracheal tube tip: case report and investigation of a fatal complication of prolonged intubation.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['increased tube rigidity', 'rigidity', 'Rigidity']

entities_list: @entity17954 :: ('MESH:D016157', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-innominate artery fistula']

answer: @entity17954 :: (MESH:D016157,Disease) :: ['Tracheal-innominate artery fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evaluation of indeterminate @entity253 by brush cytology and intraductal biopsies is limited by low sensitivity. The utility of SpyGlass peroral cholangioscopy for diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity201 ), in particular, remains unclear. Our aim was to study the utility of SpyGlass peroral cholangioscopy and targeted biopsy for diagnosis of @entity5 and @entity201 . METHODS: In this systematic review, PubMed and Embase databases were reviewed for studies published to October 2014. The main outcomes of interest were sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of SpyGlass cholangioscopy in the diagnosis of @entity5 . RESULTS: The search yielded 10 studies involving 456 @entity1 . The pooled sensitivity and specificity of cholangioscopy-guided biopsies in the diagnosis of @entity5 was 60.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.9%-65.2%) and 98.0% (95% CI, 96.0%-99.0%), respectively. The pooled DOR to detect @entity5 was 66.4 (95% CI, 32.1-137.5). Four studies included @entity1 who had previous negative imaging and brushings and/or intraductal biopsies. Among these 4 studies, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of @entity5 was 74.7% (95% CI, 63.3%-84.0%) and 93.3% (95% CI, 85.1%-97.8%), respectively. The pooled DOR was 46.0 (95% CI, 15.4-138.1). Only 1 study directly compared the yield of SpyBite biopsies with standard brushings and biopsies. SpyBite biopsies had a sensitivity of 76.5% compared with brushings (5.8%) and biopsies (29.4%). Six studies specifically reported the role of cholangioscopy with targeted biopsies in the diagnosis of @entity201 . The pooled sensitivity and specificity to detect @entity201 was 66.2% (95% CI, 59.7%-72.3%) and 97.0% (95% CI, 94.0%-99.0%), respectively. The pooled DOR to detect @entity201 was 79.7 (95% CI, 32.7-194.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that SpyGlass cholangioscopy with SpyBite biopsies has moderate sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Single-operator cholangioscopy and targeted biopsies in the diagnosis of indeterminate XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary strictures and cholangiocarcinoma', 'malignant biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study aimed at studying efficacy and adverse effects of pulse @entity786 (pCyc) treatment and to compare it to continuous @entity786 (cCyc) for induction of remission in @entity19417 from data in the published literature. METHODS: A Medline search identified 14 studies, containing more than five @entity1 . From the 11 non-randomized studies, data on outcome following pCyc treatment were extracted. Results were given as fraction of the number of evaluable @entity1 . A meta-analysis was performed on the three prospective, randomized controlled trials to compare outcomes concerning remission, relapses, @entity281 , @entity1210 , @entity204 and @entity177 in @entity1 treated with pCyc as opposed to cCyc. RESULTS: The 11 non-randomized studies comprised 202 @entity1 receiving pCyc. Cyc pulses of 375-1000 mg/sqm/pulse were applied at weekly to monthly intervals with different concomitant prednisolone regimens and variable adjunctive therapy. Complete remission was achieved in 112/191, partial remission in 23/191 evaluable @entity1 . Relapses occurred in 68/135 @entity1 , 40/115 @entity1 were non-responders. @entity1210 , @entity281 , @entity548 , and @entity204 were rare. The meta-analysis, comprising 143 @entity1 , showed that pCyc compared with cCyc treatment was significantly less likely to fail to induce remission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12-0.73) and had a significantly lower risk of @entity281 (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23-0.89) and @entity1210 (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.17-0.78). Relapses occurred slightly, although not statistically significantly, more often under pCyc treatment (OR 1.79; 95% CI 0.85-3.75). There were no differences in @entity454 or @entity204 between the two regimens. CONCLUSIONS: The currently available, rather sparse data show that pCyc is less toxic than cCyc therapy and is an at least equally potent inductor of remission, but possibly at the expense of a higher relapse rate. The existing data do not give sufficient information on outcomes as time to remission and relapse, irreversible damage or quality of life without which a treatment regimen cannot satisfactorily be evaluated today. A large prospective randomized controlled trial is needed to address these issues and their relative importance.

title: The value of pulse XXXX in ANCA-associated vasculitis: meta-analysis and critical review.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitides']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia', 'Leucopenia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 remains a significant cause of catheter loss and interrupted haemodialysis sessions. A number of regimens utilizing urokinase have been used but the optimum management of this common problem remains undetermined. METHODS: The study took place over 2 years and evaluated a protocol of urokinase infusion (25,000 U in 48 ml saline run at 4 ml/h via each limb of the catheter) followed by @entity1229 for restoration of catheter patency. RESULTS: Forty-eight urokinase infusions were used for 41 episodes of @entity409 . Catheter patency was restored in 95% and only one catheter was lost. Recurrent @entity715 occurred in eight of 10 catheters not anticoagulated. Once anticoagulated, catheters worked well. Further episodes of non-function were related to a sub-therapeutic INR. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a high success rate for our protocol. We suggest an aggressive approach to the management of @entity715 with urokinase used by infusion and carefully controlled anticoagulation to maintain the INR in the range 2-2.5.

title: A protocol of urokinase infusion and XXXX for the management of the thrombosed haemodialysis catheter.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'catheter thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['catheter dysfunction', 'Catheter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of their fixed lifestyle, plants must acclimate to environmental changes by orchestrating several responses ranging from protective measures to growth control. @entity851 is observed upon abiotic stress and can cause penalties to plant production. But, the molecular interface between stress perception and cell cycle control is poorly understood. The @entity579 protein RSS1 is required at G1/S transition ensuring normal dividing activity of proliferative cells during salt stress. The role of RSS1 in meristem maintenance together with its flexible protein structure implies its key function as molecular integrator of stress signaling for cell cycle control. To study further the relevance of RSS1 and its related proteins in cereals, we isolated the durum @entity3505 homolog, TdRL1, from Tunisian durum @entity3505 varieties and extended our analyses to RSS1-like proteins from Poaceae. Our results show that the primary sequences of TdRL1 and the Graminae RSS1-like family members are highly conserved. In silico analyses predict that TdRL1 and other RSS1-like proteins share flexible 3-D structures and have features of @entity28142 ( @entity28142 ). The disordered structure of TdRL1 is well illustrated by an electrophoretical mobility shift of the purified protein. Moreover, heterologous expression of TdRL1 in @entity375 improves its tolerance to salt and heat stresses strongly suggesting its involvement in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. Such finding adds new knowledge to our understanding of how IDPs may contribute as central molecular integrators of stress signaling into improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.

title: Molecular and functional characterization of the durum @entity3505 TdRL1, a member of the conserved Poaceae RSS1-like family that exhibits features of intrinsically disordered proteins and confers stress tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity28142 :: ('MESH:D020919', 'Disease') :: ['IDP', 'intrinsically disordered/unstructured proteins']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of their fixed lifestyle, plants must acclimate to environmental changes by orchestrating several responses ranging from protective measures to growth control. @entity851 is observed upon abiotic stress and can cause penalties to plant production. But, the molecular interface between stress perception and cell cycle control is poorly understood. The @entity579 protein RSS1 is required at G1/S transition ensuring normal dividing activity of proliferative cells during salt stress. The role of RSS1 in meristem maintenance together with its flexible protein structure implies its key function as molecular integrator of stress signaling for cell cycle control. To study further the relevance of RSS1 and its related proteins in cereals, we isolated the durum @entity3505 homolog, TdRL1, from Tunisian durum @entity3505 varieties and extended our analyses to RSS1-like proteins from Poaceae. Our results show that the primary sequences of TdRL1 and the Graminae RSS1-like family members are highly conserved. In silico analyses predict that TdRL1 and other RSS1-like proteins share flexible 3-D structures and have features of @entity28142 ( @entity28142 ). The disordered structure of TdRL1 is well illustrated by an electrophoretical mobility shift of the purified protein. Moreover, heterologous expression of TdRL1 in @entity375 improves its tolerance to salt and heat stresses strongly suggesting its involvement in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. Such finding adds new knowledge to our understanding of how IDPs may contribute as central molecular integrators of stress signaling into improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.

title: Molecular and functional characterization of the durum XXXX TdRL1, a member of the conserved Poaceae RSS1-like family that exhibits features of intrinsically disordered proteins and confers stress tolerance in @entity375 .

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elucidating the mechanisms of apoptosis is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying @entity8 . The @entity4357 3 kinase (PI3-kinase)/ @entity1994 pathway is essential for survival signaling in non-renal cells. However, little is known about the anti-apoptotic effect of insulin and the role of the PI3-kinase/ @entity1994 pathway in mesangial cells (MC) apoptosis. METHODS: Apoptosis was induced in wild type, @entity7919 ( @entity7919 ) -/- and @entity5207 / @entity5207 ( @entity5207 ) -/- @entity19 MC by survival factor withdrawal, @entity4316 , ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation and @entity1880 in the presence or absence of insulin (1 micromol/L) or insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity7424 ; 100 ng/mL). The activation and levels of @entity1994 , @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) and specific cell cycle proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Insulin and @entity7424 inhibited wild-type MC apoptosis induced by survival factor withdrawal, @entity4316 , ultraviolet-B irradiation and @entity1880 and in @entity7919 -/- MC when apoptosis was induced by survival factor withdrawal. @entity1994 was activated by insulin and @entity7424 during apoptosis. Blocking PI3-kinase with @entity2306 reduced @entity1994 activation and abrogated the anti-apoptotic effect of insulin. @entity13436 was activated during apoptosis and blocking @entity13436 activation with @entity5732 or @entity4286 partially rescued MC from apoptosis. Moreover, insulin also suppressed @entity13436 activation during apoptosis. Our results also showed that the CDK-inhibitor @entity5207 was increased by insulin and that @entity5207 up-regulation was PI3-kinase/ @entity1994 pathway dependent. Furthermore, @entity5207 -/- MC apoptosis induced by survival factor withdrawal was not rescued by insulin in contrast to the wild-type and @entity7919 -/- MC. These data suggest that @entity5207 may have a critical role in the anti-apoptotic effect of insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin is a potent survival factor for MC in response to a number of different apoptotic triggers, and this effect is mediated through the PI3-kinase/ @entity1994 pathway. Moreover, @entity13436 and @entity5207 may be involved in anti-apoptotic effect of insulin in MC.

title: Insulin is a potent survival factor in mesangial cells: role of the PI3-kinase/ XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surfing is a popular sport in coastal areas, which can be associated with @entity764 . METHODS: Between 2008 and 2013, 6 @entity1 were referred to our hospital with @entity764 sustained during surfing. Clinical data were collected from their medical records and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity1 age ranged from 35 to 52 years. Five of the 6 @entity1 were male. Four @entity1 were injured in August, and the other two were injured in September and October. Rib fractures were observed in 3 of the 6 @entity1 . The other 3 @entity1 were diagnosed with chest contusions only. Hemothorax occurred in one @entity1 . No lacerations were observed in any of the 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity764 associated with surfing are usually blunt @entity764 ; however, they may occasionally be life-threatening.

title: XXXX related to surfing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Chest injuries', 'chest injuries']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['Chest injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity298 is a major source of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with advanced @entity1661 . @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) is an area of intense interest given its efficacy in @entity43 . However, @entity7730 suffers from poor drug penetration into peritoneal @entity5 . As such, extensive cytoreductive surgery is required prior to @entity7730 . Here, we explore the utility of @entity19285 , a @entity5 -penetrating peptide, for improved @entity5 -specific penetration of intraperitoneal compounds and enhanced @entity7730 in @entity19 . Intraperitoneally administered @entity19285 significantly enhanced penetration of an attached @entity941 into disseminated peritoneal @entity5 nodules. The penetration was @entity5 -specific, circulation-independent, and mediated by the neuropilin-binding RXXK tissue-penetration peptide motif of @entity19285 . Q- @entity19285 , which fluoresces upon cleavage, including the one that leads to RXXK activation, specifically labeled peritoneal metastases displaying different growth patterns in @entity19 . Importantly, @entity19285 enhanced intratumoral entry of intraperitoneally co-injected dextran to approximately 300% and @entity632 to 250%. Intraperitoneal @entity19285 / @entity632 combination therapy inhibited the growth of bulky peritoneal @entity5 and reduced systemic @entity137 . @entity19285 delivered attached @entity941 and co-applied nanoparticles deep into fresh @entity1 peritoneal @entity3 explants. These results indicate that intraperitoneal @entity19285 co-administration serves as a simple and effective strategy to facilitate @entity5 detection and improve the therapeutic index of @entity7730 for peritoneal @entity189 .

title: A @entity5 -penetrating peptide enhances circulation-independent targeting of peritoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['Intraperitoneal chemotherapy', 'IPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity298 is a major source of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with advanced @entity1661 . @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) is an area of intense interest given its efficacy in @entity43 . However, @entity7730 suffers from poor drug penetration into peritoneal @entity5 . As such, extensive cytoreductive surgery is required prior to @entity7730 . Here, we explore the utility of @entity19285 , a @entity5 -penetrating peptide, for improved @entity5 -specific penetration of intraperitoneal compounds and enhanced @entity7730 in @entity19 . Intraperitoneally administered @entity19285 significantly enhanced penetration of an attached @entity941 into disseminated peritoneal @entity5 nodules. The penetration was @entity5 -specific, circulation-independent, and mediated by the neuropilin-binding RXXK tissue-penetration peptide motif of @entity19285 . Q- @entity19285 , which fluoresces upon cleavage, including the one that leads to RXXK activation, specifically labeled peritoneal metastases displaying different growth patterns in @entity19 . Importantly, @entity19285 enhanced intratumoral entry of intraperitoneally co-injected dextran to approximately 300% and @entity632 to 250%. Intraperitoneal @entity19285 / @entity632 combination therapy inhibited the growth of bulky peritoneal @entity5 and reduced systemic @entity137 . @entity19285 delivered attached @entity941 and co-applied nanoparticles deep into fresh @entity1 peritoneal @entity3 explants. These results indicate that intraperitoneal @entity19285 co-administration serves as a simple and effective strategy to facilitate @entity5 detection and improve the therapeutic index of @entity7730 for peritoneal @entity189 .

title: A XXXX -penetrating peptide enhances circulation-independent targeting of peritoneal @entity189 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several risk loci for @entity729 . Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, @entity40229 , @entity23662 , @entity70681 and @entity70682 ) were associated with @entity729 with P values less than 5  *  10(-8) in GWASs. It is unclear if these associations exist in other vascular beds. Thus, we evaluated the impacts of these four SNPs on carotid artery and aortic arch @entity730 in this study. Computed tomography was applied to quantify the @entity729 and aortic arch. 860 @entity1 with @entity64 completed @entity730 quantification and genotype testing were included in data analysis. Each SNP was evaluated for the association with carotid @entity729 , and with aortic arch @entity730 using generalized linear model. Among the four tested SNPs, @entity70681 was associated with @entity730 in both carotid artery (b  =  0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.52, P  =  0.003) and aortic arch (b  =  0.32, 95% CI 0.10-0.54, P  =  0.004), while @entity23662 was only associated with carotid @entity729 (b  =  0.28, 95% CI 0.06-0.50, P  =  0.011). In gender-stratified analyses, @entity70681 had significant impacts on carotid artery (P  =  0.003) and aortic arch @entity730 (P  =  0.008) in male, but not in female @entity1 ; while @entity40229 was significantly associated with carotid @entity729 in female (P  =  0.013), but not in male @entity1 . In conclusion, SNPs associated with @entity729 may also increase the risk of @entity730 in other arteries such as carotid artery and aortic arch.

title: Shared and discrepant susceptibility for carotid artery and aortic arch XXXX : A genetic association study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['calcification of carotid artery', 'artery calcification', 'coronary artery calcification']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 who have experienced a @entity5869 have a risk of recurrence, but exact information to quantify this risk is currently not available. We studied the incidence and recurrence rate of @entity5869 in a subsequent pregnancy and the influence of @entity101 . STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective national cohort study of all singleton pregnancies that ended from 1999-2007 in the Netherlands. A longitudinal linked national cohort of these @entity1 with information on a subsequent singleton delivery was used. We calculated and compared incidence and recurrence rates of @entity5869 for @entity1 in total, stratified by gestational age of first @entity5869 and by the presence of a @entity101 in their first pregnancy. RESULTS: We studied 1,570,635 @entity1 of which 3496 (0.22%) experienced a @entity5869 . Information was available on a subsequent singleton delivery for 264,424 deliveries. Of these, 521 @entity1 (0.20%) had a @entity5869 in the first pregnancy vs 214 @entity1 (0.08%) in the second pregnancy. The risk of @entity5869 in a subsequent pregnancy was significantly higher in @entity1 with a previous @entity5869 compared with @entity1 without (5.8% vs 0.06%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 62-139). @entity1 with a @entity5869 that occurred at term in their first pregnancy were more at risk for recurrence (aOR, 188; 95% CI, 116-306) than @entity1 with a preterm (aOR, 52; 95% CI, 25-111) or early preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) @entity5869 in their first pregnancy (aOR, 39; 95% CI, 13-116). @entity5869 was more frequent among @entity1 with a @entity101 compared with normotensive @entity1 (0.44% vs 0.16%; odds ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.3-3.3). @entity1 with a @entity101 were less at risk for recurrence than were normotensive @entity1 (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.27-1.6). No interaction between a @entity101 in the first pregnancy and the recurrence risk was found. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a @entity5869 in their first pregnancy have a greatly increased risk of @entity5869 in a subsequent pregnancy. @entity101 increase the risk of @entity5869 but do not increase the recurrence rate in a subsequent pregnancy. We suggest elective induction from 37 weeks of gestation for @entity1 with a history of @entity5869 at term in a previous pregnancy.

title: Incidence and recurrence rate of XXXX : a longitudinal linked national cohort study in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorder', 'Hypertensive disorders', 'hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['Placental abruption', 'placental abruption']

answer: @entity5869 :: (MESH:D000037,Disease) :: ['placental abruption']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to find out the values of the Alvarado score in diagnosis of @entity697 and its clinical applicability in our conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study performed from November 15 to January 20, 2001 included 68 @entity1 of whom 52 were operated. @entity1 were examined at the emergency department, and all received Alvarado score, whereas the surgeon made the decision if there were indications for surgery. In order to verify the diagnosis, we also used histopathological findings. RESULTS: From 52 operated @entity1 , 43 (82.7%) had Alvarado score 7 or more, which confirms the diagnosis of @entity697 , and in all these @entity1 the diagnosis was proved both intraoperatively and histopathologically. From 9 (17.2%) operated @entity1 that had score less than 7, diagnosis of @entity102 was proved in 3; in the rest 6 @entity697 was established. Alvarado score has high sensitivity of 87%, and average specificity of 60%. CONCLUSION: In diagnosis of @entity697 Alvarado score has a high diagnostic value (82.7%). Alvarado score is a noninvasive, safe diagnostic procedure, which is simple, fast, reliable and repeatable, it can be used in all conditions, without expensive and complicated supportive diagnostic methods. Alvarado score increases the diagnostic certainty of clinical examination in diagnosis of @entity697 .

title: [Validation of the Alvarado score in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity64 -like @entity2704 attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) is a late-onset complication of brain irradiation of unknown physiopathology. Our aim was to present three @entity1 with @entity64 who had clinical and neuroimage studies suggestive of @entity159 . @entity1 : @entity1 1. A 69-year-old @entity1 , who was treated with radiation therapy 14years before her first admission to the Neurology Department, presented with several episodes of @entity10 , @entity132 , and @entity425 of left limbs with altered awareness. @entity1 2. A 49-year-old @entity1 , who was treated with whole brain radiation 20years before the onset of symptoms, developed some episodes consisting of @entity10 and @entity1183 of the right side of face and right arm; the latest episodes were accompanied by @entity227 followed by generalized @entity410 . @entity1 3. A 40-year-old @entity1 , who received cranial irradiation 20years before, suffered three episodes of behavioral disturbance, @entity2026 , @entity10 , and @entity227 followed by @entity1805 . RESULTS: All three @entity1 @entity410 . Electroencephalography showed interictal epileptiform discharges or focal slowing. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or ictal-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed focal cortical hyperperfusion. Focal diffusion restriction and focal @entity2287 -enhancement were observed on MRI. All @entity1 were treated with antiepileptic drugs, being effective in one of them. One @entity1 needed anesthesic @entity772 , and the other @entity1 responded to therapy with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account clinical evolution and ictal neuroimaging studies, @entity159 could explain the origin of these episodes in @entity64 . Although most @entity1 have reversible symptoms, in some cases, aggressive treatment to avoid sequelae is needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled " @entity159 ".

title: Refractory @entity159 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman', 'Patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'visual aura']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'SMART syndrome']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['speech disturbances']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizures', 'suffered seizures mostly with visual aura']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['left homonymous hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Status Epilepticus', 'status epilepticus']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['SMART syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity64 -like @entity2704 attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) is a late-onset complication of brain irradiation of unknown physiopathology. Our aim was to present three @entity1 with @entity64 who had clinical and neuroimage studies suggestive of @entity159 . @entity1 : @entity1 1. A 69-year-old @entity1 , who was treated with radiation therapy 14years before her first admission to the Neurology Department, presented with several episodes of @entity10 , @entity132 , and @entity425 of left limbs with altered awareness. @entity1 2. A 49-year-old @entity1 , who was treated with whole brain radiation 20years before the onset of symptoms, developed some episodes consisting of @entity10 and @entity1183 of the right side of face and right arm; the latest episodes were accompanied by @entity227 followed by generalized @entity410 . @entity1 3. A 40-year-old @entity1 , who received cranial irradiation 20years before, suffered three episodes of behavioral disturbance, @entity2026 , @entity10 , and @entity227 followed by @entity1805 . RESULTS: All three @entity1 @entity410 . Electroencephalography showed interictal epileptiform discharges or focal slowing. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or ictal-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed focal cortical hyperperfusion. Focal diffusion restriction and focal @entity2287 -enhancement were observed on MRI. All @entity1 were treated with antiepileptic drugs, being effective in one of them. One @entity1 needed anesthesic @entity772 , and the other @entity1 responded to therapy with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account clinical evolution and ictal neuroimaging studies, @entity159 could explain the origin of these episodes in @entity64 . Although most @entity1 have reversible symptoms, in some cases, aggressive treatment to avoid sequelae is needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled " @entity159 ".

title: Refractory XXXX due to @entity64 .

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Delivery of chitosan to subchondral bone is a novel approach for augmented marrow stimulation. We evaluated the effect of 3 presolidified @entity1503 implant formulations on osteochondral repair progression compared with untreated defects. DESIGN: In N = 5 adult @entity742 , @entity70683 -mm diameter Jamshidi biopsy holes were created bilaterally in the medial femoral condyle and treated with presolidified @entity1503 implant with fluorescent chitosan tracer (10 kDa, 40 kDa, or 150k Da chitosan, left knee) or left to bleed (untreated, right knee). Implant residency and osteochondral repair were assessed at 1 day (N = 1), 3 weeks (N = 2), or 3 months (N = 2) postoperative using fluorescence microscopy, histomorphometry, stereology, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS: Chitosan implants were retained in 89% of treated Jamshidi holes up to 3 weeks postoperative. At 3 weeks, biopsy sites were variably covered by cartilage flow, and most bone holes contained cartilage flow fragments and heterogeneous granulation tissues with sparse leukocytes, stromal cells, and occasional adipocytes (volume density 1% to 3%). After 3 months of repair, most Jamshidi bone holes were deeper, remodeling at the edges, filled with angiogenic granulation tissue, and lined with variably sized chondrogenic foci fused to bone trabeculae or actively repairing bone plate. The 150-kDa chitosan implant elicited more subchondral cartilage formation compared with 40-kDa chitosan-treated and control defects (P < 0.05, N = 4). Treated defects contained more mineralized repair tissue than control defects at 3 months (P < 0.05, N = 12). CONCLUSION: Bone plate-induced chondroinduction is an articular cartilage repair mechanism. Jamshidi biopsy repair takes longer than 3 months and can be influenced by subchondral @entity1503 implant.

title: Bone-Induced Chondroinduction in XXXX Jamshidi Biopsy Defects with and without Treatment by Subchondral Chitosan-Blood Implant: 1-Day, 3-Week, and 3-Month Repair.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['chitosan-blood']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['Sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new rotavirus vaccines RV5 and RV1 have been associated with small increase in intussusception risk in active vaccine surveillance studies. It is unclear what the impact might be on the overall trends of intussusception hospitalizations at a large population basis. METHODS: We conducted an ecological study of hospital discharges of @entity1 with intussusception discharge diagnosis using the @entity7452 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database (1985-2010). We measured incidence rates (IR) of intussusception hospitalizations per 100,000 births within 3 periods (1985-1997; 2000-2005; 2006-2010) related to past, pre-introduction and post-introduction of the new rotavirus vaccines. We estimated slopes of yearly IRs within each period, changes in slopes between periods and @entity12623 ( @entity12623 ) of the mean IRs between periods. We did subgroup analyses for 5 age-subgroups. We also analyzed intussusception hospitalizations of @entity1 who also had a surgical repair and/or radiologic reduction procedure code (restricted cohort). RESULTS: We identified 6241 intussusception hospitalizations; 4696 also had pertinent procedure codes. There was an upward trend in yearly IRs during 2006-2010 (+2 excess cases per 100,000 births per year; P = 0.023); the change in slopes between 2006-2010 and 2000-2005 was +3.2 excess cases per 100,000 births per year (P = 0.052), and the IR in 2006-2010 was 10% higher than in 2000-2005 ( @entity12623 : 1.10; 95% confidence intervals: 1.01-1.19). The @entity12623 in 2006-2010 versus 2000-2005 for the 6-14 weeks age-subgroup was 1.90 (95% confidence intervals: 1.33-2.74). In the restricted cohort, trends were similar, though not nominally significant. CONCLUSIONS: We documented at a population-level a small increased risk in intussusception hospitalizations post-introduction of the new rotavirus vaccines.

title: Trends in Hospitalizations for Intussusception in XXXX in Relationship to the Introduction of New Rotavirus Vaccines, 1985-2010.

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

answer: @entity7452 :: (MESH:D004670,Disease) :: ['California']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study assesses the outcomes and patterns of failure in @entity1 with @entity957 metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site treated with combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: One hundred thirty-six @entity1 with @entity957 metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary source were treated postoperatively with radiotherapy at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center between the years 1968 and 1992. Stage distribution was: N1, 31 @entity1 ; N2a, 49; N2b, 25; N2c, 3; N3, 18; and Nx, 10. Thirty-nine @entity1 had excisional biopsies only, 64 @entity1 underwent modified neck dissections, and 33 had radical neck dissections. Extracapsular extension was present in 87 cases. Fifty-nine @entity1 had multiple nodes involved. The median duration of follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 8.7 years. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 , all with extracapsular @entity66 , developed regional relapse. The 5-year actuarial rates of regional relapse in @entity1 with and without extracapsular @entity66 were 16% and 0%, respectively (p = .004). Nine @entity1 (22%) with @entity66 and multiple nodes relapsed compared with three @entity1 (7%) with @entity66 and a solitary node (p = .02). None of the @entity1 treated with excisional biopsy and radiotherapy relapsed regionally. No statistically significant relationship between dose, treatment duration, time interval between surgery, and the start of radiotherapy and relapse was detected. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial disease-specific survival rates were 82%, 74%, and 68%, respectively. Fourteen @entity1 developed @entity5 in @entity135 ; six of these @entity5 were located in unirradiated tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Relapse occurred infrequently in @entity1 treated with excisional biopsies and postoperative radiotherapy. Extracapsular extension and multiple nodes were associated with worse regional control and disease-specific survival. These results appear consistent with those expected for @entity1 with @entity1442 and a known primary site, and the absence of a primary site should not exclude @entity1 from studies aiming to improve outcomes in @entity1 with @entity135 from a head and neck @entity1544 . We continue to recommend radiation to the necks and pharyngeal axis for @entity1 suspected of having residual microscopic disease following surgery for @entity957 metastatic to the neck from an unknown primary site.

title: Postoperative radiation for XXXX metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site: outcomes and patterns of failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['extensive neck disease', 'head and neck mucosal sites']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extracapsular disease', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced neck disease']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyze whether there were any changes in incidence and prognosis of @entity189 diagnosed between 1960 and 1989 in Sweden. METHODS: Data of primary hypopharyngeal @entity5 reported to the Swedish @entity5 Registry were collected. The total number of cases was 2012, 1396 @entity1 and 616 @entity1 , and the end of follow-up was December 31, 1992. RESULTS: For @entity1 , a significant decrease in the age-standardized incidence (ASI) was seen, with an average decrease of 2% per year (p < .001), which was most evident in rural counties. The male @entity1 , on the contrary, showed a significant increase of about 1.5% per year (p < .001); the metropolitan areas had an ASI about twice that of more-rural areas. The 2- and 5-year overall survival was poor, only 25% and 13%, respectively. For @entity1 aged <60 years, no difference in survival between the different 10-year periods was seen, but survival for @entity1 of corresponding ages improved significantly (p < .01) during the last decade, to reach a survival similar to that in @entity1 . For @entity1 aged > or = 60 years, no difference in survival between the different periods or between sexes was seen. CONCLUSION: The increased incidence in @entity5 in @entity1 is similar to that observed for oral and @entity5 in many European countries during this period. The disappearance of @entity18393 may explain the decreased incidence among @entity1 . The treatment results in @entity5 are still very poor, and improvements of the therapeutic methods are needed.

title: XXXX : analysis of incidence and survival in Sweden over a 30-year period.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal cancer', 'malignant tumors', 'hypopharyngeal cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity18393 :: ('MESH:D011004', 'Disease') :: ['Plummer-Vinson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the hypopharynx']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the developmental outcome of neonatal survivors of @entity2142 of the neonate treated with modern intrauterine transfusion techniques. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective, observational study, auditory evoked-response tests were performed in the nursery. Neurodevelopmental evaluation with the Gesell Developmental Schedules was performed between 9 and 18 months of corrected age to assess motor skills, language development, comprehension capacity, and social skills. The McCarthy Scales of @entity1 's Abilities were administered between 36 and 62 months. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 who survived severe fetal @entity2142 were followed up until 62 months old. Demographic data included gestational age at first intrauterine transfusion (26.4 +/- 3.7 weeks), median number of intrauterine transfusions (4, range 1-8), lowest fetal hematocrit (20.2% +/- 7.8%), peak fetal @entity648 (7.1 +/- 2.1 mg/dL), incidence of @entity4296 (45%), and mean gestational age at delivery (35.6 +/- 2.2 weeks). One case of severe @entity2319 and 1 case of right spastic @entity1158 were diagnosed. The Gesell Developmental Schedules score was assessed between 9 and 18 months of corrected age in 22 @entity1 . The global developmental quotient was 101.9 +/- 9.5 (mean for normal population is 100). Regression analysis revealed no correlation between the global developmental quotient and gestational age at the first intrauterine transfusion, gestational age at birth, or the severity of the fetal @entity2142 (fetal hematocrit, fetal @entity648 , presence of @entity4296 , total number of intrauterine transfusions, duration of neonatal phototherapy, and number of neonatal exchange transfusions). Eleven of the 40 @entity1 were followed up until they were 62 months old, and the McCarthy Scales of @entity1 's Abilities were administered. The mean cognitive index was 107.6 +/- 9.4 (90-109 is considered average). CONCLUSION: Despite severe fetal @entity2142 , normal developmental outcome can be expected for @entity1 treated with intrauterine transfusions.

title: Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after intrauterine transfusion for the treatment of fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral deafness']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic disease']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['hemolytic disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the relation between the interval from diagnosis to initiation of intravitreal injection therapy and visual outcome in neovascular age-related @entity1020 (nAMD) and to report changes over time in @entity735 status. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. The study included 1185 eyes in 1099 @entity1 who began @entity7 inhibitor treatment for nAMD during four separate periods in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2012 using a fixed loading-dose regimen of three ranibizumab injections. RESULTS: Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation remained within the range 0.23-0.24 Snellen and the median @entity1 age within 79-80  years, whereas BCVA at first visit after the third injection increased from 0.24 to 0.31 (p  <  0.0001) in concert with a shift in preferred practice from separate-day injection to same-day injection. This led to a reduction in the median time to treatment from 16  days to 1  day. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity735 BCVA 0.05 or worse at presentation with newly diagnosed wet @entity13785 in the incident eye decreased from 38% to 22% (p  <  0.0018). The proportion of bilaterally treated @entity1 increased during the study period. CONCLUSION: In this study, 2-week-earlier injection was associated with the equivalent of a 5-Early Treatment @entity6 Study letter-gain in mean visual acuity at 3  months after presentation. The difference is larger than expected from the 2-week-longer duration of disease at the study end-point. The study supports that early diagnosis and treatment of nAMD is of value for functional outcomes.

title: Visual outcomes in relation to time to treatment in neovascular age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['fellow-eye']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the hypothesis that apoptosis is a method of remodeling in second-trimester fetal heart development. We also hypothesized that hearts from fetuses with Down syndrome would have different levels of apoptosis than would control hearts, associated with their abnormal heart development. STUDY DESIGN: We obtained hearts from fetuses between 14 and 23 weeks' gestation with Down @entity154 (n = 10) and with the @entity473 (n = 5). These hearts were compared with control hearts without @entity154 (n = 5). Hearts were subjected to in situ end-labeling of deoxyribonucleic acid to test for evidence of apoptosis. The apoptotic indices were compared by anatomic location. RESULTS: Apoptotic nuclei were observed in each anatomic location in every category. The apoptotic indices were significantly lower in the atrial myocardial tissues of fetuses with Down syndrome than in control preparations (P < .05). The apoptotic index did not differ significantly in the atrial septum, ventricular myocardium, or ventricular septum. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis occurs in @entity1 fetal hearts during the second trimester. The different levels observed in our study suggest a different remodeling process in hearts of fetuses with Down syndrome than in hearts of control fetuses. Further study is needed to determine whether the different level of apoptosis associated with Down syndrome is due to the abnormal karyotype or to the presence of an @entity154 .

title: Altered apoptosis levels in hearts of XXXX fetuses with Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies', 'anomaly', 'syndrome without anomalies']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Individuals meeting the Fukuda et al definition for @entity5815 completed a multidisciplinary assessment that included medical, @entity146 , behavioral, and psychological evaluations. @entity1 were then offered a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention that included (1) bringing the @entity1 under optimal medical management; (2) treating any ongoing affective or @entity148 pharmacologically; and (3) implementing a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment program. Fifty-one @entity1 proceeded to treatment. The cognitive-behavioral component was carried out through the use of a therapist working with the @entity1 in their own environments. The program was individually tailored to @entity1 , but included (1) structured physical exercise and activation; (2) sleep management strategies; (3) careful activity management; (4) regulation of stimulant intake and reductions in use of symptomatic medications; (5) cognitive intervention designed to deal with @entity1 ' beliefs concerning the nature of their disorder; (6) participation of @entity1 ' family; and (7) efforts to establish specific vocational and avocational goals. Third parties were encouraged to collaborate cooperatively. Employers were urged to provide employment opportunities and facilitate a graduated but time-targeted return to work. Disability carriers were encouraged to provide interim financial support in the form of disability benefits, support therapeutic intervention, but also to establish a clear time-frame to access to benefits. Of 51 treated @entity1 , 31 returned to gainful employment, 14 were functioning at a level equivalent to employment, and 6 remained significantly disabled. Twenty of the original 71 @entity1 were contacted an average of 33 months later. @entity1 who had been treated showed good maintenance of gains. Untreated @entity1 showed improvement in only a minority of cases.

title: An evaluation of multidisciplinary intervention for XXXX with long-term follow-up, and a comparison with untreated controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: In recent years @entity303 histologically characterised by the presence of cortical Lewy bodies has been increasingly recognised. There is now need for a scheme for an internationally acceptable scheme for pathological diagnosis and classification so that clinical, pathological and molecular features of disease can be correlated. Recent observations made by different groups in large @entity1 series have used slightly different pathological criteria resulting in at least seven different diagnostic terms. In some @entity1 the only cortical pathology is the presence of Lewy bodies, while in the majority of @entity1 there are coexisting pathological changes which either overlap with those seen in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Cortical Lewy bodies can also be present in @entity1 who do not have any obvious @entity73 . A problem with equating studies from different groups is that different criteria have been used to define @entity195 , so that establishing the relevance of cortical Lewy bodies themselves to @entity73 and separating this from the contribution which may be related to the @entity195 pathology is problematic. The lesions which appear to be of most relevance to potential @entity73 in @entity1832 are cortical Lewy bodies, Lewy-related neurites, @entity527 , @entity3072 , neuronal and synaptic loss, @entity51 . It is possible to operationally classify @entity1 with @entity73 and cortical Lewy bodies into three main groups, @entity1832 , @entity1832 with plaques, and @entity1832 with plaques and tangles. There are frequent cases which overlap these groups making operational classification difficult in practice. A descriptive classification, in which the severity of different pathological changes is rated, is easy to use in practice. As new molecular risk factors for @entity195 or @entity1832 are revealed they will need to be related to morphological and clinical features. A descriptive diagnostic assessment for @entity1832 will facilitate such studies and makes no judgements as to what these relationships will be.

title: Pathological diagnostic criteria for XXXX associated with cortical Lewy bodies: review and proposal for a descriptive approach.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive abnormality', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['spongiform change, and cortical cholinergic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Cortical Lewy body disease', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify nosocomial @entity281 risk factors in an intensive care unit and construct a predictive model that will enable future risk-adjusted comparisons of @entity281 incidences. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance of @entity55 , @entity2259 and @entity293 in intensive care unit @entity1 . All @entity1 (n = 944) admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 24 h were followed daily in a tertiary level hospital. Variables measuring extrinsic as well as intrinsic risk factors for @entity580 were collected from each @entity1 during their intensive care unit stay and the Cox proportional hazards multivariable technique was applied to identify the variables mostly associated with @entity281 in our hospital. RESULTS: The main risk factors identified for @entity55 were intrinsic. The hazard ratios (HR) of two extrinsic risk factors were noteworthy: mechanical ventilation (HR = 7.51; 95% CI = 2.95-19.13) and sedation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.14-3.56). The extrinsic factors associated with @entity2259 were, the sum of extrinsic risk factors (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.17-1.97) and having a tracheostomy (HR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.99-6.56). The @entity293 were negatively associated with the administration of antibiotics prior to @entity281 onset (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21-0.78) and the male sex (HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22-0.75). Conversely, @entity293 were positively associated with the presence of @entity5 (HR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.03-7.11) and the APACHE II index (for every 5 units of increase of the APACHE II index, HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09-1.79). CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified for @entity55 and @entity293 in intensive care unit @entity1 were endogenous, whereas they were exogenous for @entity2259 .

title: [Risk factors for @entity55 , XXXX , and @entity293 in an intensive care unit].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'bacteremias']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify nosocomial @entity281 risk factors in an intensive care unit and construct a predictive model that will enable future risk-adjusted comparisons of @entity281 incidences. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance of @entity55 , @entity2259 and @entity293 in intensive care unit @entity1 . All @entity1 (n = 944) admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 24 h were followed daily in a tertiary level hospital. Variables measuring extrinsic as well as intrinsic risk factors for @entity580 were collected from each @entity1 during their intensive care unit stay and the Cox proportional hazards multivariable technique was applied to identify the variables mostly associated with @entity281 in our hospital. RESULTS: The main risk factors identified for @entity55 were intrinsic. The hazard ratios (HR) of two extrinsic risk factors were noteworthy: mechanical ventilation (HR = 7.51; 95% CI = 2.95-19.13) and sedation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.14-3.56). The extrinsic factors associated with @entity2259 were, the sum of extrinsic risk factors (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.17-1.97) and having a tracheostomy (HR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.99-6.56). The @entity293 were negatively associated with the administration of antibiotics prior to @entity281 onset (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21-0.78) and the male sex (HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22-0.75). Conversely, @entity293 were positively associated with the presence of @entity5 (HR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.03-7.11) and the APACHE II index (for every 5 units of increase of the APACHE II index, HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09-1.79). CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified for @entity55 and @entity293 in intensive care unit @entity1 were endogenous, whereas they were exogenous for @entity2259 .

title: [Risk factors for @entity55 , @entity2259 , and XXXX in an intensive care unit].

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify nosocomial @entity281 risk factors in an intensive care unit and construct a predictive model that will enable future risk-adjusted comparisons of @entity281 incidences. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance of @entity55 , @entity2259 and @entity293 in intensive care unit @entity1 . All @entity1 (n = 944) admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 24 h were followed daily in a tertiary level hospital. Variables measuring extrinsic as well as intrinsic risk factors for @entity580 were collected from each @entity1 during their intensive care unit stay and the Cox proportional hazards multivariable technique was applied to identify the variables mostly associated with @entity281 in our hospital. RESULTS: The main risk factors identified for @entity55 were intrinsic. The hazard ratios (HR) of two extrinsic risk factors were noteworthy: mechanical ventilation (HR = 7.51; 95% CI = 2.95-19.13) and sedation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.14-3.56). The extrinsic factors associated with @entity2259 were, the sum of extrinsic risk factors (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.17-1.97) and having a tracheostomy (HR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.99-6.56). The @entity293 were negatively associated with the administration of antibiotics prior to @entity281 onset (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21-0.78) and the male sex (HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22-0.75). Conversely, @entity293 were positively associated with the presence of @entity5 (HR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.03-7.11) and the APACHE II index (for every 5 units of increase of the APACHE II index, HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09-1.79). CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified for @entity55 and @entity293 in intensive care unit @entity1 were endogenous, whereas they were exogenous for @entity2259 .

title: [Risk factors for XXXX , @entity2259 , and @entity293 in an intensive care unit].

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity5 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity5 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity5 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity43 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity1722 / @entity19601 antibodies against @entity470 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity1722 / @entity19601 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity43 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity43 , depending on the antibody used. @entity470 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity5 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity19601 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity43 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity1722 and @entity470 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity1722 and @entity470 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity43 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity5 coexpress both @entity1722 and @entity470 .

title: Coexpression of the XXXX gene product, p185HER-2, and @entity470 , p170EGF-R, on @entity43 and normal tissues.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian epithelia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER-2']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity5 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity5 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity5 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity43 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity1722 / @entity19601 antibodies against @entity470 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity1722 / @entity19601 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity43 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity43 , depending on the antibody used. @entity470 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity5 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity19601 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity43 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity1722 and @entity470 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity1722 and @entity470 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity43 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity5 coexpress both @entity1722 and @entity470 .

title: Coexpression of the @entity1722 gene product, p185HER-2, and XXXX , p170EGF-R, on @entity43 and normal tissues.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity5 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity5 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity5 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity43 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity1722 / @entity19601 antibodies against @entity470 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity1722 / @entity19601 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity43 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity43 , depending on the antibody used. @entity470 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity5 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity19601 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity43 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity1722 and @entity470 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity1722 and @entity470 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity43 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity5 coexpress both @entity1722 and @entity470 .

title: Coexpression of the @entity1722 gene product, p185HER-2, and @entity470 , p170EGF-R, on XXXX and normal tissues.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancers']