abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity99 results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue remodelling. This study explored the transcriptional induction of the @entity3334 gene by @entity5 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) in HSCs. METHODS: The LI90 @entity1 HSC line was used in the present study. Gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blotting and gene promoter-reporter assays were used to analyse the induction of @entity3334 protein, mRNA expression and gene transcription respectively. Deletional or site-directed mutations were introduced into the promoter region and transiently transfected into LI90 cells to determine the cis-acting elements necessary for @entity310 inducibility. Gel shift mobility assays were used to determine the transcriptional factors involved in the @entity310 responsiveness. RESULTS: @entity310 upregulated @entity3334 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. A time-course experiment revealed a rapid induction of @entity3334 mRNA expression after @entity310 treatment. Mutation in a putative nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-binding site at -2541 bp almost completely abolished the @entity310 response to @entity3334 gene-promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation of @entity3334 expression by @entity310 via this site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift assays indicated that this transcriptional regulation was regulated via the @entity2451 of @entity2451 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3334 gene expression might be induced by @entity310 via the @entity2451 of @entity2451 in activated @entity1 HSCs.

title: Induction of XXXX gene transcription by @entity5 factor alpha via the @entity2451 in activated @entity1 hepatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity3334 :: (4312,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity99 results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue remodelling. This study explored the transcriptional induction of the @entity3334 gene by @entity5 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) in HSCs. METHODS: The LI90 @entity1 HSC line was used in the present study. Gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blotting and gene promoter-reporter assays were used to analyse the induction of @entity3334 protein, mRNA expression and gene transcription respectively. Deletional or site-directed mutations were introduced into the promoter region and transiently transfected into LI90 cells to determine the cis-acting elements necessary for @entity310 inducibility. Gel shift mobility assays were used to determine the transcriptional factors involved in the @entity310 responsiveness. RESULTS: @entity310 upregulated @entity3334 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. A time-course experiment revealed a rapid induction of @entity3334 mRNA expression after @entity310 treatment. Mutation in a putative nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-binding site at -2541 bp almost completely abolished the @entity310 response to @entity3334 gene-promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation of @entity3334 expression by @entity310 via this site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift assays indicated that this transcriptional regulation was regulated via the @entity2451 of @entity2451 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3334 gene expression might be induced by @entity310 via the @entity2451 of @entity2451 in activated @entity1 HSCs.

title: Induction of @entity3334 gene transcription by @entity5 factor alpha via the @entity2451 in activated XXXX hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. It affects 10% to 15% of couples. Sonohysterography (SHG) is an accurate method for the assessment of fallopian tube patency, reflected in its high positive predictive value compared with hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy with chromopertubation. In this study, our goal was to determine the diagnostic value of SHG for the diagnosis of bilateral @entity5274 by comparison of SHG with HSG and laparoscopic results. METHODS: This study was based on the evaluation of tubal patency by SHG and by the combination of HSG and laparoscopy in 40 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent HSG as a routine @entity249 workup, and all @entity1 with bilateral proximal @entity5274 diagnosed by HSG subsequently underwent SHG. RESULTS: Among 1024 infertile @entity1 referred to an @entity249 clinic, 117 (11.4%) had a diagnosis of a tubal factor as the cause of their @entity249 . Forty-two @entity1 with HSG findings of bilateral proximal @entity5274 were enrolled. Forty @entity1 underwent SHG. In 32 @entity1 (80%), at least 1 fallopian tube was patent, and 8 @entity1 (20%) were reported to have bilateral @entity5274 . Those 8 @entity1 with SHG evidence of bilateral @entity5274 underwent laparoscopy. Eventually, 6 of those were laparoscopically confirmed to have bilateral @entity5274 . CONCLUSIONS: Sonohysterography is an accurate method for the determination of fallopian tube patency. It is a simple, safe, and well-tolerated technique with a low risk of adverse effects and severe complications.

title: Diagnostic value of sonohysterography in the determination of fallopian tube patency as an initial step of routine XXXX assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['tubal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: AIMS: Left atrial catheter ablation of the pulmonary veins (PV) has evolved as an important therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We aimed to investigate the incidence and predictors of @entity999 associated with PV catheter ablation, detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a prospective analysis of 53 consecutive @entity1 with persistent or paroxysmal @entity955 that underwent PV ablation and post-procedural cerebral @entity422 day after lasso catheter-guided ostial PV ablation. @entity1 were analysed for possible demographical, medical, echocardiographical, and procedural predictors of @entity887 . A mean of 3.5 +/- 0.5 PVs were ablated per @entity1 . In six @entity1 , DW-MRI depicted new clinically silent microembolism after PV ablation (11%). The number of ineffective medical antiarrhythmic agents prior to ablation procedure was significantly higher in the @entity887 group (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.4, P = 0.014). @entity301 ( @entity301 ) was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity999 (33 vs. 2%, P = 0.031); left ventricular volume (130 +/- 12 vs. 103 +/- 26 mL, P = 0.002), and septal wall thickness (13.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 7.9 +/- 4.8 mm, P = 0.025) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: This study shows a high incidence of silent micro- @entity887 after PV ablation. @entity301 , @entity5988 , and @entity1184 were potential predictors of this complication.

title: Incidence and predictors of XXXX during pulmonary vein catheter ablation for @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary heart disease', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolisms', 'silent cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['silent cerebral embolism']


abstract: AIMS: Left atrial catheter ablation of the pulmonary veins (PV) has evolved as an important therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We aimed to investigate the incidence and predictors of @entity999 associated with PV catheter ablation, detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a prospective analysis of 53 consecutive @entity1 with persistent or paroxysmal @entity955 that underwent PV ablation and post-procedural cerebral @entity422 day after lasso catheter-guided ostial PV ablation. @entity1 were analysed for possible demographical, medical, echocardiographical, and procedural predictors of @entity887 . A mean of 3.5 +/- 0.5 PVs were ablated per @entity1 . In six @entity1 , DW-MRI depicted new clinically silent microembolism after PV ablation (11%). The number of ineffective medical antiarrhythmic agents prior to ablation procedure was significantly higher in the @entity887 group (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.4, P = 0.014). @entity301 ( @entity301 ) was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity999 (33 vs. 2%, P = 0.031); left ventricular volume (130 +/- 12 vs. 103 +/- 26 mL, P = 0.002), and septal wall thickness (13.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 7.9 +/- 4.8 mm, P = 0.025) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: This study shows a high incidence of silent micro- @entity887 after PV ablation. @entity301 , @entity5988 , and @entity1184 were potential predictors of this complication.

title: Incidence and predictors of @entity999 during pulmonary vein catheter ablation for XXXX .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience of 18 @entity1 with @entity130 after @entity130 , the diagnosis of which had been delayed for more than 24 hours. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C. SUBJECTS: 18 @entity1 who presented with @entity130 between January 1986 and December 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: The reasons for the delay were: injuries not found during the first operation (n = 6), @entity1 had not sought medical help (n = 6), and injuries treated conservatively at local hospitals (n = 5). There was one delay in our department because the @entity1 lost consciousness. 12 @entity1 were treated by pyloric exclusion with no @entity204 (one duodenal @entity292 and 3 @entity733 ). The other 6 had various operations including pancreaticoduodenectomy, jejunostomy, and gastrostomy, with six complications and one death, giving an overall mortality of 6% and morbidity of 50%. Three @entity1 developed delayed extensive @entity733 and all three were treated successfully by laparostomy. 16 of the 18 @entity1 required enteral feeding through a jejunostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Though the complication rate was high, the use of pyloric exclusion and a feeding jejunostomy kept the mortality low. Enteral nutrition should be started early. Laparostomy is a good way to manage @entity733 . To avoid delay, @entity1 at risk of @entity130 should be evaluated early by experienced @entity130 surgeons and any central retroperitoneal haematoma should be explored during the initial laparotomy.

title: Surgical treatment and outcome after delayed diagnosis of blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths and four complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal injuries', 'blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['duodenal injury']


abstract: @entity299 are rare @entity5 of infancy. In a series of 36 @entity1 78 percent were under 1 year of age, and only one @entity1 was over age 15 years. Ninety percent of the @entity4618 were multiple and occurred with nearly equal frequency in the right and left ventricles. Although reportedly infrequent in the atria, @entity4618 involved either one or both atria in 30 percent of @entity1 . In 50 percent of @entity1 at least one of the @entity5 masses was intracavitary and obstructed 50 percent or more of one of the cardiac chambers or valve orifices. Symptoms referable to obstruction of intracardiac blood flow were present in nine @entity1 , none of whom had @entity2916 , and all of whom would appear to have been good surgical candidates. Histologically the @entity4618 were composed of classic "spider cells". Electron microscopic studies revealed scattered bundles of myofibrils ringing these cells and radiating toward the center; glycogen was present both free in the cytoplasm and within mitochondria. Distinct intercellular junctions resembling intercalated discs with well defined desmosomes and nexuses were present. Many of the cells contained leptofibrils, arranged either peripherally or in spiraled clusters in the center of the cell. @entity4618 derive from cardiac muscle cells and appear to represent @entity4607 rather than true @entity5 .

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyomas', 'rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyoma']


abstract: A case of @entity409 as the initial manifestation of @entity1328 is described. The @entity1 was admitted with symptoms of @entity99 with @entity3883 . Antibody tests for @entity1956 and C and @entity1 @entity465 virus were negative. The @entity1 continued to deteriorate clinically. Eventually, the @entity1 succumbed to @entity1578 . Autopsy disclosed @entity1328 that caused extensive @entity39 of the liver. In review of the literature, only nine cases of @entity281 presenting as @entity99 , @entity255 , and @entity2679 as initial manifestation were reported. Four of these @entity1 had been subjected to exploratory laparotomy for clinical suspicion of acute abdomen. One @entity1 developed @entity82 as a result of cryptococcal @entity99 . Two @entity1 succumbed to @entity1578 . @entity1328 is known to occur commonly in immunocompromised @entity1 , yet only two reported cases presenting as @entity99 were associated with immunocompromised status.

title: XXXX as the initial manifestation of @entity1328 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic jaundice']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated cryptococcosis', 'systemic cryptococcosis', 'Cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Hepatobiliary dysfunction']


abstract: A case of @entity409 as the initial manifestation of @entity1328 is described. The @entity1 was admitted with symptoms of @entity99 with @entity3883 . Antibody tests for @entity1956 and C and @entity1 @entity465 virus were negative. The @entity1 continued to deteriorate clinically. Eventually, the @entity1 succumbed to @entity1578 . Autopsy disclosed @entity1328 that caused extensive @entity39 of the liver. In review of the literature, only nine cases of @entity281 presenting as @entity99 , @entity255 , and @entity2679 as initial manifestation were reported. Four of these @entity1 had been subjected to exploratory laparotomy for clinical suspicion of acute abdomen. One @entity1 developed @entity82 as a result of cryptococcal @entity99 . Two @entity1 succumbed to @entity1578 . @entity1328 is known to occur commonly in immunocompromised @entity1 , yet only two reported cases presenting as @entity99 were associated with immunocompromised status.

title: @entity409 as the initial manifestation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1328 :: (MESH:D003453,Disease) :: ['disseminated cryptococcosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The relationships between lipids/lipoproteins and @entity731 were determined in African Americans and whites to assess the consistency of the relationship between these two groups. Differences could suggest varying biological, environmental, or life-style cofactors influencing development of @entity731 . METHODS: In the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, 2966 African Americans and 9399 whites had determinations of LDL, HDL, @entity9477 , and @entity9478 @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity755 , and lipoprotein (a). Carotid @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging. RESULTS: The associations, using linear regression, between carotid @entity1004 and LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and other lipid measurements were significantly weaker in African Americans than whites. Averaging @entity1 and @entity1 , a 1.034 mmol/L (40 mg/dl) difference in LDL @entity165 was associated with a 0.028 mm @entity1004 difference in whites but a 0.019 difference in African Americans. Similarly, for HDL @entity165 , a 0.44 mmol/L (17 mg/dl) difference is associated wth 0.026 mm difference in carotid @entity1004 in whites and 0.011 mm difference in African Americans. The associations are much weaker in African Americans than whites at the bifurcation and internal carotid, the carotid sites most prone to @entity731 . Analysis was done stratifying for risk factors that differ between African Americans and whites, but within most, the relationships remained substantially weaker in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed a statistically significant difference in the association between many lipids/lipoproteins and carotid @entity1004 between African Americans and whites. Analysis of many potential cofactors have not provided an explanation for the weaker association. Although possible differences in prior levels of these lipids may provide one explanation for the finding, these results need confirmation in other studies.

title: The relationship between lipids/lipoproteins and XXXX in African Americans and whites: the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intimal-medial thickening', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A1 and B']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The relationships between lipids/lipoproteins and @entity731 were determined in African Americans and whites to assess the consistency of the relationship between these two groups. Differences could suggest varying biological, environmental, or life-style cofactors influencing development of @entity731 . METHODS: In the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, 2966 African Americans and 9399 whites had determinations of LDL, HDL, @entity9477 , and @entity9478 @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity755 , and lipoprotein (a). Carotid @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging. RESULTS: The associations, using linear regression, between carotid @entity1004 and LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and other lipid measurements were significantly weaker in African Americans than whites. Averaging @entity1 and @entity1 , a 1.034 mmol/L (40 mg/dl) difference in LDL @entity165 was associated with a 0.028 mm @entity1004 difference in whites but a 0.019 difference in African Americans. Similarly, for HDL @entity165 , a 0.44 mmol/L (17 mg/dl) difference is associated wth 0.026 mm difference in carotid @entity1004 in whites and 0.011 mm difference in African Americans. The associations are much weaker in African Americans than whites at the bifurcation and internal carotid, the carotid sites most prone to @entity731 . Analysis was done stratifying for risk factors that differ between African Americans and whites, but within most, the relationships remained substantially weaker in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed a statistically significant difference in the association between many lipids/lipoproteins and carotid @entity1004 between African Americans and whites. Analysis of many potential cofactors have not provided an explanation for the weaker association. Although possible differences in prior levels of these lipids may provide one explanation for the finding, these results need confirmation in other studies.

title: The relationship between lipids/lipoproteins and @entity731 in African Americans and whites: the XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: AIMS: We studied the prevalence of hyponatraemia and its prognostic implications in a large population of adult @entity1 with @entity299 (ACHD). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1004 ACHD @entity1 were retrospectively entered in this study (mean age 36.2 +/- 14.4 years, 48.7% male). Cox regression was used to estimate mortality associated with hyponatraemia, adjusted for potential confounders using both multivariable regression and propensity score matching. Mean @entity1372 concentration in this ACHD cohort was 137.6 +/- 2.6 mmol/L. The overall prevalence of hyponatraemia in this cohort was 15.5% and was highest in congenitally corrected transposition (33.3%), after Fontan operation (29.6%), and in @entity1 with @entity6924 (22.0%). Predictors of hyponatraemia were worse functional class, cyanosis, higher serum @entity1011 levels, and treatment with diuretics. @entity1 were followed for a median of 4.1 years, during which there were 96 deaths. Hyponatraemia was a strong predictor of @entity204 , independent of age, previous surgery, functional class, systemic ventricular function, @entity1011 levels, and the use of diuretics (adjusted HR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.72-4.63, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Hyponatraemia is relatively common in ACHD. Hyponatraemia carries a three-fold higher risk of @entity204 in ACHD and is a simple, cheap but powerful marker of mortality.

title: Hyponatraemia: A strong predictor of mortality in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an @entity2613 -based @entity378 ( @entity378 ) screening program. METHODS: A @entity378 screening program of adult @entity2613 @entity1 was conducted at a university hospital @entity2613 with 46,000 annual visits that serves a poor urban community. @entity1 were screened on weekdays during business hours. @entity2613 @entity1 were counseled about the disease and the screening procedure and, after consent, purified protein derivative (PPD) tests were placed. @entity1 returned in 48-72 hours for reaction reading and post-test counseling. PPD-positive @entity1 received a physical examination, chest x-ray, and @entity645 testing and were referred to a city @entity378 clinic for possible treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 873 @entity1 were counseled, 630 were eligible for screening, and 374 (59.4%) consented to PPD testing. Of the 203 (54.1%) who returned, 32 (15.8%) were PPD-positive. No active case was detected, but 26 @entity1 were referred to the health department. Eighteen kept their appointments and all 13 who were started on therapy completed treatment. Targeted screening of groups aged 55 years or more, nonwhite groups, and those with other high-risk factors would detect 84% of PPD-positive cases while testing only 48% of eligible @entity1 . CONCLUSION: An @entity2613 -based @entity378 screening program is feasible and can identify many @entity1 requiring treatment. Targeted screening of high-risk groups could reduce the program cost, but would miss some cases.

title: Feasibility of an emergency department-based XXXX counseling and screening program.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of noninvasive interactive neurostimulation used as an adjunct to usual care, on @entity158 and other symptoms in adults with @entity571 of the knee. DESIGN: Randomized, sham-controlled trial. SETTING: A university in the southern United States. SUBJECTS: Thirty-seven (37) adults with knee @entity571 (based on American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria). INTERVENTIONS: Seventeen (17) noninvasive interactive neurostimulation (active or sham) sessions over 8 weeks with a week 12 follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES: Eleven-point numeric rating scale for weekly @entity158 ; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC), @entity1 global assessment, and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) completed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. RESULTS: For the main outcome, @entity158 , the differences between the groups over time did not reach statistical significance (all p > 0.05). However, a clinically important reduction in @entity158 (defined as a 2-point or 30% reduction on an 11-point numeric rating scale) was maintained at week 12 by the active noninvasive interactive neurostimulation group (2.17 points, 34.55% reduction) but not the sham group (1.63, 26.04% reduction). @entity158 improved over time in @entity1 regardless of group membership (numeric rating scale average @entity158 , p = 0.002; numeric rating scale worst @entity158 , p < 0.001; and @entity158 , p < 0.001), as did WOMAC function, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC total score (all p < 0.001). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups over time for the SF-36 Vitality scale, F (3, 105) = 3.54, p = 0.017. In addition, the active device group improved on the @entity1 global assessment from baseline to week 8 compared to the sham device group, F (1, 35) = 4.025, p = 0.053. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, clinically important reductions in knee @entity158 were maintained at week 12 in the active, but not the sham, noninvasive interactive neurostimulation group. Further study of this noninvasive therapy is warranted.

title: Effects of noninvasive interactive neurostimulation on symptoms of XXXX of the knee: a randomized, sham-controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['WOMAC pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Expression of calbindin D28k (CB) immunoreactivity by putative Renshaw cells is substantially downregulated by sciatic motoneuron axotomy in the adult @entity35 . The present study investigated the effect of median and @entity3165 at different ages on ventral horn CB immunoreactivity 7 days after the injury to see whether similar results were obtained in the cervical cord and during development. Two major differences were observed. First, axotomy induced CB immunoreactivity in some motoneurons, confirmed by retrograde labeling of the injured neurons with fast blue (FB). Observation of fluorescent phagocytic microglia revealed that some @entity204 occurred following lesions at postnatal day 2 (P2) and P7, but not at P21 or P63. A significantly higher proportion of remaining FB labeled motoneurons expressed CB following lesion at P2 (mean 33% +/- 7.6 SD) and P7 (30.6% +/- 5.2) than at P28 (14.0% +/- 1.9). Second, CB expression by putative Renshaw cells was not significantly downregulated @entity75 . CB immunofluorescent putative Renshaw cells were counted in sections containing FB labeled motoneurons. No consistent differences in the numbers of Renshaw cells ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion were found at any age. To confirm that these neurons really were Renshaw cells, the mediators of recurrent inhibition to cholinergic motoneurons, we employed double-immunofluorescence labeling with confocal microscopy. The group of CB immunopositive neurons located among the converging ventral roots in the cervical cord were closely apposed by many axon terminals immunoreactive for (i) vesicular @entity934 transporter and (ii) cholera toxin B localized to motor axon collaterals by injection of this tracer into a distal forelimb muscle. We conclude that motoneuron axotomy need not always downregulate CB expression in associated Renshaw cells. In addition, some @entity11438 respond to axotomy by expressing CB.

title: The effect of a peripheral nerve lesion on calbindin D28k immunoreactivity in the cervical ventral horn of developing and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral to the lesion']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['brachial motoneurons']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['motoneuron death']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effects of @entity277 by the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCA), (Rhopalosiphum padi L) and the Russian @entity3505 aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) on callose deposition and transcription of genes related to @entity71108 accumulation were investigated in @entity2247 ( @entity2247 . cv. Clipper). The BCA, which gives no visible symptoms, induced very limited callose deposition, even after 14 days of @entity277 . In contrast, RWA, which causes @entity24194 , white and yellow streaking and leaf rolling, induced callose accumulation already after 24 h in longitudinal leaf veins. The deposition was pronounced after 72 h, progressing during 7 and 14 days of @entity277 . In RWA-infested source leaves, callose was also induced in longitudinal veins basipetal to the aphid-infested tissue, whereas in sink leaves, more callose deposition was found above the feeding sites. Eight putative callose synthase genes were identified in a database search, of which seven were expressed in the leaves, but with similar transcript accumulation in control and aphid-infested tissue. Five out of 12 examined beta-1,3-glucanases were expressed in the leaves. All five were upregulated in RWA-infested tissue, but only two in BCA-infested tissue, and to a lesser extent than by RWA. The results suggest that callose accumulation may be partly responsible for the symptoms resulting from @entity27106 and that a callose-inducing signal may be transported in the phloem. Furthermore, it is concluded that the absence of callose deposition in BCA-infested leaves is not because of a stronger upregulation of callose-degrading beta-1,3-glucanases in this tissue, as compared to RWA-infested leaves.

title: Stronger induction of callose deposition in XXXX by Russian @entity3505 aphid than bird cherry-oat aphid is not associated with differences in callose synthase or beta-1,3-glucanase transcript abundance.

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['barley', 'Hordeum vulgare L']

entities_list: @entity27106 :: ('MESH:D021182', 'Disease') :: ['RWA infestation']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: The effects of @entity277 by the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCA), (Rhopalosiphum padi L) and the Russian @entity3505 aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) on callose deposition and transcription of genes related to @entity71108 accumulation were investigated in @entity2247 ( @entity2247 . cv. Clipper). The BCA, which gives no visible symptoms, induced very limited callose deposition, even after 14 days of @entity277 . In contrast, RWA, which causes @entity24194 , white and yellow streaking and leaf rolling, induced callose accumulation already after 24 h in longitudinal leaf veins. The deposition was pronounced after 72 h, progressing during 7 and 14 days of @entity277 . In RWA-infested source leaves, callose was also induced in longitudinal veins basipetal to the aphid-infested tissue, whereas in sink leaves, more callose deposition was found above the feeding sites. Eight putative callose synthase genes were identified in a database search, of which seven were expressed in the leaves, but with similar transcript accumulation in control and aphid-infested tissue. Five out of 12 examined beta-1,3-glucanases were expressed in the leaves. All five were upregulated in RWA-infested tissue, but only two in BCA-infested tissue, and to a lesser extent than by RWA. The results suggest that callose accumulation may be partly responsible for the symptoms resulting from @entity27106 and that a callose-inducing signal may be transported in the phloem. Furthermore, it is concluded that the absence of callose deposition in BCA-infested leaves is not because of a stronger upregulation of callose-degrading beta-1,3-glucanases in this tissue, as compared to RWA-infested leaves.

title: Stronger induction of callose deposition in @entity2247 by Russian XXXX aphid than bird cherry-oat aphid is not associated with differences in callose synthase or beta-1,3-glucanase transcript abundance.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the @entity166 imported by immigrants visiting friends and relatives in their countries of origin. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study of all imported @entity166 among adult @entity1 between 01/2001-12/2008. The study population was classified in 3 groups: a) immigrants visiting friends and relatives; b) tourists, and c) non-travelling immigrants. Diseases were classified as (a) cosmopolitan or (b) tropical endemic, and, according to their severity as (a) mild, (b) serious, and (c) potentially lethal. RESULTS: A total of 761 @entity1 were analyzed. The mean age was 31.7 (SD: 12.4) years. Of these, there were 90 immigrants visiting friends and relatives, 269 tourists and 402 non-travelling immigrants. Immigrants visiting friends and relatives attended International Health Centres prior to travel significantly less than tourists (32.2% vs. 57.2%; p <0.001) and more frequently travelled to sub-Saharan Africa (33.3% vs. 20.4%; p=0.01). @entity66 considered as potentially lethal were more likely among immigrants visiting friends and relatives than tourists [OR=5.16 (95%CI: 2.08-12.8)] and non-travelling immigrants [OR=7.17 (95%CI: 2.82-18.2)]. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrants visiting friends and relatives travelled more to sub-Saharan Africa and more frequently imported potentially lethal @entity697 .

title: [Imported XXXX associated with international trips by adult immigrants to visit family and friends].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Imported diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: The extent of adult stem cell involvement in embryonic growth is often unclear, as reliable markers or assays for whether a cell is derived from an adult stem cell, such as the melanocyte stem cell (MSC), are typically not available. We have previously shown that two lineages of melanocytes can contribute to the larval @entity3392 pigment pattern. The embryo first develops an ontogenetic pattern that is largely composed of @entity71109 -independent, direct-developing melanocytes. This population can be replaced during regeneration by an @entity71109 -dependent MSC-derived population following melanocyte ablation. In this study, we developed a melanocyte differentiation assay used together with drugs that ablate the MSC to investigate whether MSC-derived melanocytes contribute to the ontogenetic pattern. We found that essentially all melanocytes that develop before 3 dpf arise from the @entity71109 -independent, direct-developing population. Similarly, late-developing (after 3 dpf) melanocytes of the head are also @entity71109 independent. In contrast, the melanocytes that develop after 3 days postfertilization in the lateral and dorsal stripe are sensitive to @entity71109 inhibitor, indicating that they are derived from the MSC. We show that melanocyte regeneration mutants kit(j1e99) and @entity71110 (j24e1) that are grossly normal for the overall ontogenetic pattern also lack the MSC-derived contribution to the lateral stripe. This result suggests that the underlying regeneration defect of these mutations is a defect in MSC regulation. We suggest that the regulative functions of the MSC may serve quality control roles during larval development, in addition to its established roles in larval regeneration and growth and homeostasis in the adult.

title: Differential contribution of direct-developing and stem cell-derived melanocytes to the XXXX larval pigment pattern.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: The effects of ventricular fluid osmolality on the bulk flow of nascent fluid into the cerebral ventricles of anesthetized @entity468 was measured during ventriculocisternal perfusion. This nascent fluid consists of both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fluid which results from an osmotic gradient between ventricular fluid and the blood and/or brain. Perfusions were carried out with both mock CSF and with solutions containing either @entity969 , @entity1133 , or @entity1219 . Differences between the normal bulk flow rate of nascent CSF and bulk flow rate measured during perfusion with anisotonic solutions were linearly related to corresponding differences in osmolality of the effluent fluid from the ventricles. The coefficients of somotic flow using @entity969 (0.231 mul/min per @entity28842 ) and @entity1219 (0.224) were similar, and greater than that using @entity1133 (0.156). During perfusion with @entity969 when effluent osmolality increased by 200 @entity28842 (63% of normal), bulk flow rate of nascent fluid increased by 50 mul/min (200% of normal). Flow was undetectable when the effluent osmolality was 190 @entity28842 (decrease of 135 @entity28842 ), although osmotically active particles continued to enter the ventricular system. Intravenous injection of @entity3791 reduced these coefficients to similar values of 0.0963 for @entity1219 , and 0.0955 for @entity1133 . In all experimental conditions no changes were found in cerebral water content. These results suggest that the increased bulk flow which occurs during perfusion with hypertonic solutions originates from the choroid plexus.

title: The effects of ventricular fluid osmolality on bulk flow of nascent fluid into the cerebral ventricles of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Due to their specific position in the nasal cavity, the cells of olfactory neuroepithelium can be damaged by exposure to environmental airborne chemicals. However, few studies have been focused on selective damage, i.e. olfactory sensory neurons, basal cells, supporting and duct cells. As solvents are known to induce critical effects on olfactory neuroepithelium (OE), this study was designed to characterize histological and immunohistological effects induced by @entity1324 exposure on OE in @entity19 . Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate olfactory sensitivity. Moreover, olfactory neuroepithelium was examined to evaluate the thickness and the total number of cells. Finally, different markers, @entity22261 ( @entity22261 ) and @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ), were used to characterize respectively olfactory sensory neurons and basal cells, and secondly to evaluate the dynamic of the tissue turnover. Results showed structural modifications, since the thickness and the number of cells in the OE were modified according to the time course of the exposure. Additionally, no changes for @entity22261 -positive cells were observed whereas significant differences appeared for the density of @entity4698 -positive cells in relation to their location (main-body or basal layer of OE). These findings indicate that @entity1324 exposure induces selective damage in olfactory neuroepithelium.

title: Inhalation exposure to XXXX induces selective damage on olfactory neuroepithelium in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity22261 :: ('18378(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['olfactory marker protein', 'OMP']

entities_list: @entity4698 :: ('18538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity1324 :: (MESH:D000096,Chemical) :: ['acetone']


abstract: Due to their specific position in the nasal cavity, the cells of olfactory neuroepithelium can be damaged by exposure to environmental airborne chemicals. However, few studies have been focused on selective damage, i.e. olfactory sensory neurons, basal cells, supporting and duct cells. As solvents are known to induce critical effects on olfactory neuroepithelium (OE), this study was designed to characterize histological and immunohistological effects induced by @entity1324 exposure on OE in @entity19 . Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate olfactory sensitivity. Moreover, olfactory neuroepithelium was examined to evaluate the thickness and the total number of cells. Finally, different markers, @entity22261 ( @entity22261 ) and @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ), were used to characterize respectively olfactory sensory neurons and basal cells, and secondly to evaluate the dynamic of the tissue turnover. Results showed structural modifications, since the thickness and the number of cells in the OE were modified according to the time course of the exposure. Additionally, no changes for @entity22261 -positive cells were observed whereas significant differences appeared for the density of @entity4698 -positive cells in relation to their location (main-body or basal layer of OE). These findings indicate that @entity1324 exposure induces selective damage in olfactory neuroepithelium.

title: Inhalation exposure to @entity1324 induces selective damage on olfactory neuroepithelium in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the intergenerational effects of @entity600 and reduced intrauterine growth. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTINGS: Mother-first-born offspring pairs recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. POPULATION: @entity1 born before 2001 to 38 720 @entity1 born in 1973-75. METHODS: The relationships between the mother's and the @entity1 's birth characteristics were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Adjustments were made for smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), and current and childhood socio-economic conditions. Analyses were performed on all mother-offspring pairs and on the pairs for which information on neither of the included background variables was missing (n= 24 520). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) and small for gestational age (SGA) (<-2 SD of the Swedish standard). RESULTS: Mothers who themselves had been born preterm were not significantly more likely to deliver their own @entity1 preterm, compared with those who had been born at term (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.95-1.62). Also, @entity600 in the mothers did not influence the occurrence of SGA in the @entity1 . However, the odds ratio for giving birth to SGA and preterm @entity1 , respectively, was higher among SGA mothers (OR 2.68, 95% CI 2.11-3.41 and OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.61). Mothers whose intrauterine growth was moderately reduced but who did not meet the criterion of being born SGA were also at higher risk of giving birth to both preterm and SGA @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed evidence of intergenerational effects of reduced intrauterine growth even when socio-economic factors as well as BMI and smoking were adjusted for. There was, however, no consistent intergenerational effect of @entity600 .

title: Intergenerational effects of XXXX and reduced intrauterine growth: a population-based study of Swedish mother-offspring pairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and @entity455 (UAE) for treatment of symptomatic uterine @entity2909 . DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: A district general hospital and two private hospitals in the southeast of England. POPULATION: @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2909 who had been offered surgical options for treatment. METHODS: Postal questionnaire follow up at 5-7 years to assess long-term clinical effects among @entity1 who had undergone UAE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The questionnaire was subdivided into sections dealing with menstrual flow, @entity4999 and menopause, fibroid-related symptoms, fertility, vaginal discharge, sexual function, subsequent treatments for @entity2909 and satisfaction with the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 258 @entity1 were identified as being between 5 and 7 years post-UAE and suitable for long-term follow up in October 2004. One hundred seventy-two completed questionnaires were analysed (67% response rate). Seventy-five percent of @entity1 still had either a return to normal or an improvement in menstrual flow compared with how they were prior to UAE. More than 80% of fibroid-related symptoms were still resolved or improved. Sixteen percent of @entity1 required further treatment for @entity2909 . @entity7793 directly following UAE occurred in only one @entity1 in the study group. Eighty-eight percent of @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome of the procedure at 5-7 years and would choose it again or recommend it to others. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that UAE is of benefit to @entity1 wishing to avoid hysterectomy and it carries a low risk of complications.

title: Long-term follow up of uterine artery embolisation--an effective alternative in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['complications of uterine artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['Premature menopause']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['fibroids']


abstract: @entity33354 is a rare @entity73 caused by the @entity71111 mutation in the @entity6530 gene. We identified all known @entity1 with this mutation to delineate their clinical phenotype and devise a clinical algorithm to facilitate molecular diagnosis. We ascertained 23 males with the @entity71111 mutation in @entity6530 from 9 previously reported @entity33354 families and 1 new family. Six @entity1 are reviewed in detail. These 23 @entity1 were compared with 48 @entity6530 mutation-negative @entity1 , who had the clinical diagnosis of @entity33354 . Traits that best discriminated between these two groups were chosen to develop an algorithm with high sensitivity and specificity for the @entity71111 @entity6530 mutation. @entity33354 has a recognizable dysmorphic phenotype with a high incidence of @entity154 . A family history of @entity18479 , deceased male @entity1 , and/or multiple fetal losses was documented in all families. The algorithm identifies the @entity71111 @entity6530 mutation-positive group with 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity. The clinical phenotype of @entity33354 defines a recognizable pattern of @entity1112 and @entity73 . This algorithm can assist the clinician in selecting the @entity1 for testing who are most likely to have the recurrent @entity71111 @entity6530 mutation.

title: @entity33354 , an XXXX : the clinical phenotype and an algorithm for diagnostic testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity33354 :: ('MESH:C537923', 'Disease') :: ['FG syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'X-linked multiple congenital anomaly-cognitive impairment disorder']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked multiple congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity18479 :: ('MESH:D038901', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked mental retardation']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['X-linked multiple congenital anomaly syndrome']


abstract: @entity33354 is a rare @entity73 caused by the @entity71111 mutation in the @entity6530 gene. We identified all known @entity1 with this mutation to delineate their clinical phenotype and devise a clinical algorithm to facilitate molecular diagnosis. We ascertained 23 males with the @entity71111 mutation in @entity6530 from 9 previously reported @entity33354 families and 1 new family. Six @entity1 are reviewed in detail. These 23 @entity1 were compared with 48 @entity6530 mutation-negative @entity1 , who had the clinical diagnosis of @entity33354 . Traits that best discriminated between these two groups were chosen to develop an algorithm with high sensitivity and specificity for the @entity71111 @entity6530 mutation. @entity33354 has a recognizable dysmorphic phenotype with a high incidence of @entity154 . A family history of @entity18479 , deceased male @entity1 , and/or multiple fetal losses was documented in all families. The algorithm identifies the @entity71111 @entity6530 mutation-positive group with 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity. The clinical phenotype of @entity33354 defines a recognizable pattern of @entity1112 and @entity73 . This algorithm can assist the clinician in selecting the @entity1 for testing who are most likely to have the recurrent @entity71111 @entity6530 mutation.

title: XXXX , an @entity1112 : the clinical phenotype and an algorithm for diagnostic testing.

answer: @entity33354 :: (MESH:C537923,Disease) :: ['FG syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent research indicates a close connection of @entity32 and @entity5 as presumed by Virchow in 1893. The growing understanding of cellular signalling and regulatory pathways reveals multiple links between @entity32 and @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the influence of the anti-inflammatory drug @entity619 and the antioxidant @entity1881 on oxidative induced DNA damage, a major factor in the development of @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Miniorgan cultures (MOC) of fresh biopsied @entity1 nasal mucosa were used to keep cells in their microenvironment and thus to mimic in vivo conditions. MOC were pretreated with @entity619 and @entity1881 in different concentrations on 1 or on 5 days before oxidative DNA damage was introduced by @entity273 . The effect of these substances on DNA damage was evaluated using the alkaline single cell microgel electrophoresis (Comet Assay). RESULTS: @entity619 induced slight, but considerable DNA fragmentation by itself. It effectively protected cells from @entity273 induced DNA damage, leading to a maximum decrease of about 45% when preincubated on 5 days at 20 microM. @entity1881 most effectively reduced oxidative DNA fragmentation by about 38% when MOC were pretreated 5 days at 20 microM. DISCUSSION: Our experimental data clearly shows the DNA protective action of @entity619 and @entity1881 with regard to oxidatively induced DNA damage, a major pathogenetic factor that @entity32 and @entity5 have in common.

title: Chemopreventive action of @entity619 and XXXX in oxidative stressed cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol', 'alpha-Tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity1881 :: (MESH:D024502,Chemical) :: ['alpha-tocopherol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent research indicates a close connection of @entity32 and @entity5 as presumed by Virchow in 1893. The growing understanding of cellular signalling and regulatory pathways reveals multiple links between @entity32 and @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the influence of the anti-inflammatory drug @entity619 and the antioxidant @entity1881 on oxidative induced DNA damage, a major factor in the development of @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Miniorgan cultures (MOC) of fresh biopsied @entity1 nasal mucosa were used to keep cells in their microenvironment and thus to mimic in vivo conditions. MOC were pretreated with @entity619 and @entity1881 in different concentrations on 1 or on 5 days before oxidative DNA damage was introduced by @entity273 . The effect of these substances on DNA damage was evaluated using the alkaline single cell microgel electrophoresis (Comet Assay). RESULTS: @entity619 induced slight, but considerable DNA fragmentation by itself. It effectively protected cells from @entity273 induced DNA damage, leading to a maximum decrease of about 45% when preincubated on 5 days at 20 microM. @entity1881 most effectively reduced oxidative DNA fragmentation by about 38% when MOC were pretreated 5 days at 20 microM. DISCUSSION: Our experimental data clearly shows the DNA protective action of @entity619 and @entity1881 with regard to oxidatively induced DNA damage, a major pathogenetic factor that @entity32 and @entity5 have in common.

title: Chemopreventive action of XXXX and @entity1881 in oxidative stressed cells.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: A computer-assisted microvessel analysis system was developed to evaluate correlations between the architecture of biopsy specimen microvessels and the outcome for @entity1 with @entity418 treated with chemoradiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Biopsy specimens from 51 @entity1 with @entity418 (T(2-3), any N, M0) treated with chemoradiotherapy were immunostained with an anti- @entity2279 antibody and quantified using computerized image analysis. We evaluated the association of several microvessel factors with overall survival, including the ratio of total microvessel perimeter to total @entity5 area (TP/TA), the @entity5 hypoxic ratio, and the ratio of total microvessel number to total @entity5 area ( @entity7443 /TA). Results from traditional manual microvessel density (MVD) hotspot count and computerized hotspot count were compared and the relation between hotspot MVD count and survival rate was evaluated. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 32 months. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that computer-counted hotspot MVD and @entity7443 /TA and TP/TA ratios correlated significantly with the outcome of chemoradiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that @entity1 with high computer-counted hotspot MVDs and high @entity7443 /TA and TP/TA ratios had better overall survival rate than @entity1 with low MVDs or ratios (P = 0.025, 0.008, and 0.031, respectively). Combining computer-counted MVD or @entity7443 /TA ratio with TP/TA ratio proved more predictive than any single factor. Two researcher-counted hotspot MVDs had no significant relation with outcome. CONCLUSION: Computer-assisted @entity5 microvessel analysis is a powerful tool in predicting the outcome for @entity1 with @entity418 treated with chemoradiotherapy because intraobserver and interobserver variability is minimized.

title: Computer-assisted analysis of biopsy specimen microvessels predicts the outcome of XXXX treated with chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancers']


abstract: Ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor ErbB1, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and @entity13898 ( @entity13898 ), negatively regulate synaptic maturation of GABAergic neurons in the developing neocortex. Here, we evaluated the effects of these ligands in vivo on developing inhibitory neurons in the dentate gyrus. Hippocampal slices were prepared from postnatal @entity19 repeatedly challenged with EGF or from @entity19 overexpressing @entity13898 . We monitored paired pulse @entity308 of field population spikes evoked by perforant path stimulation to estimate the strength of local inhibition. Administration of EGF increased the paired pulse ratio, suggesting a reduction of inhibitory strength. A similar reduction was observed in @entity13898 @entity19 . Monitoring miniature and evoked synaptic currents, we estimated EGF effects on synaptic input and output of GABAergic neurons. EGF treatment diminished the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the GABAergic neurons without affecting their miniature EPSCs. EGF also affected output strength of the GABAergic neurons: The frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and the evoked IPSC/evoked EPSC ratio were decreased in granule cells. In parallel, EGF down-regulated the protein level of vesicular @entity1246 transporter. Thus, ErbB1 ligands influence GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission in the developing dentate gyrus.

title: Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor ErbB1 attenuates inhibitory synaptic development in XXXX dentate gyrus.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity13898 :: ('21802(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGFalpha', 'transforming growth factor alpha']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Epidemiology of paediatric @entity1576 allows the approach to causal and preventive risk factors by studying groups or sub groups of @entity1 in different locations and under different conditions. This is, however, complicated by the lack of consensus on disease definitions, which renders comparisons between studies difficult. Atopy is usually defined by the presence of positive skin tests (wheal size of at least a mean diameter > or = 3 mm), by the presence of specific IgE, or by the presence of increased total IgE (> or = 100 UI/mL). @entity565 is not well defined, complicated by the high prevalence of @entity5924 ; one thus questions between wheezing or wheezy @entity3617 . Prevalence is high: among early wheezers, two populations will be defined by the medium term evolution: transient wheezers and persistent wheezers. Risk factors for these two conditions are different. @entity565 may be defined by the diagnosis of @entity565 (specific but fairly non-sensitive), by asthmatic symptoms (wheezing, waking by an attack of @entity1353 ) (sensitive but not very specific), or by the combination of symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness. The ISAAC study has standardised a questionnaire to assess the prevalence of @entity565 . The preliminary results show that there are wide variations across the world. The prevalence is low in Africa and Asia, intermediate in Europe, and high in Anglo-Saxon countries. The prevalence of @entity565 has gradually increased over the past 20 years in developed countries. @entity565 and @entity402 are closely associated in @entity1 . Risk factors are genetic, associated with sex and environmental factors. Among these, allergic sensitisation is associated with the degree of exposure to allergens. Westernization of way of life is associated with increased prevalence of @entity402 , @entity2023 and @entity565 . Atopy seems inversely correlated to certain infections. Passive smoking is clearly associated with early wheezing. This and atmospheric pollution aggravate childhood @entity565 . However, the inducing role of pollution on @entity565 is still controversial.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood asthma', 'asthma', 'Infantile asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergic disorders']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergy']


abstract: Epidemiology of paediatric @entity1576 allows the approach to causal and preventive risk factors by studying groups or sub groups of @entity1 in different locations and under different conditions. This is, however, complicated by the lack of consensus on disease definitions, which renders comparisons between studies difficult. Atopy is usually defined by the presence of positive skin tests (wheal size of at least a mean diameter > or = 3 mm), by the presence of specific IgE, or by the presence of increased total IgE (> or = 100 UI/mL). @entity565 is not well defined, complicated by the high prevalence of @entity5924 ; one thus questions between wheezing or wheezy @entity3617 . Prevalence is high: among early wheezers, two populations will be defined by the medium term evolution: transient wheezers and persistent wheezers. Risk factors for these two conditions are different. @entity565 may be defined by the diagnosis of @entity565 (specific but fairly non-sensitive), by asthmatic symptoms (wheezing, waking by an attack of @entity1353 ) (sensitive but not very specific), or by the combination of symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness. The ISAAC study has standardised a questionnaire to assess the prevalence of @entity565 . The preliminary results show that there are wide variations across the world. The prevalence is low in Africa and Asia, intermediate in Europe, and high in Anglo-Saxon countries. The prevalence of @entity565 has gradually increased over the past 20 years in developed countries. @entity565 and @entity402 are closely associated in @entity1 . Risk factors are genetic, associated with sex and environmental factors. Among these, allergic sensitisation is associated with the degree of exposure to allergens. Westernization of way of life is associated with increased prevalence of @entity402 , @entity2023 and @entity565 . Atopy seems inversely correlated to certain infections. Passive smoking is clearly associated with early wheezing. This and atmospheric pollution aggravate childhood @entity565 . However, the inducing role of pollution on @entity565 is still controversial.

title: [Epidemiology of @entity1576 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Covered self-expanding metal stents (CSEMS) have been used for palliation of @entity5 . Occlusion of the cystic duct by CSEMS may be complicated by @entity2679 . This potentially could be prevented by placement of a @entity1085 stent ( @entity1085 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 11/2006 and 10/2007, a total of 73 @entity1 (50 male) aged 65 +/- 14 years underwent CSEMS placement for palliation of @entity3883 . In cases where CSEMS placement caused occlusion of the cystic duct, a 7 French transpapillary pigtail @entity1085 ( @entity1085 ) was inserted to prevent @entity2679 . RESULTS: Of the 73 @entity1 , 18 had a prior cholecystectomy; 34 had the CSEMS placed below the cystic duct insertion. In 19 out of the 21 @entity1 who had a CSEMS covering the cystic duct ostium, @entity1085 placement was attempted, which was successful in 11 individuals (58%). An attempt to access the @entity1085 was complicated by wire perforation of the cystic duct in three @entity1 ; one @entity1 requiring emergent cholecystostomy tube placement. None of the @entity1 who underwent successful @entity1085 placement developed @entity2679 . One @entity1085 dislodged and was repositioned. @entity2679 occurred in two (20%) of the ten @entity1 without @entity1085 who had a CSEMS covering the cystic duct. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal placement of a CSEMS is below the cystic duct insertion. Should the cystic duct ostium be occluded, placement of a @entity1085 should be considered to minimize the risk of @entity2679 .

title: Gallbladder stent placement for prevention of @entity2679 in @entity1 receiving covered metal stent for XXXX : a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['transpapillary gallbladder decompression', 'gallbladder stent', 'GBS', 'transpapillary gallbladder', 'gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant distal biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'Cholecystitis']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Covered self-expanding metal stents (CSEMS) have been used for palliation of @entity5 . Occlusion of the cystic duct by CSEMS may be complicated by @entity2679 . This potentially could be prevented by placement of a @entity1085 stent ( @entity1085 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 11/2006 and 10/2007, a total of 73 @entity1 (50 male) aged 65 +/- 14 years underwent CSEMS placement for palliation of @entity3883 . In cases where CSEMS placement caused occlusion of the cystic duct, a 7 French transpapillary pigtail @entity1085 ( @entity1085 ) was inserted to prevent @entity2679 . RESULTS: Of the 73 @entity1 , 18 had a prior cholecystectomy; 34 had the CSEMS placed below the cystic duct insertion. In 19 out of the 21 @entity1 who had a CSEMS covering the cystic duct ostium, @entity1085 placement was attempted, which was successful in 11 individuals (58%). An attempt to access the @entity1085 was complicated by wire perforation of the cystic duct in three @entity1 ; one @entity1 requiring emergent cholecystostomy tube placement. None of the @entity1 who underwent successful @entity1085 placement developed @entity2679 . One @entity1085 dislodged and was repositioned. @entity2679 occurred in two (20%) of the ten @entity1 without @entity1085 who had a CSEMS covering the cystic duct. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal placement of a CSEMS is below the cystic duct insertion. Should the cystic duct ostium be occluded, placement of a @entity1085 should be considered to minimize the risk of @entity2679 .

title: Gallbladder stent placement for prevention of XXXX in @entity1 receiving covered metal stent for @entity3883 : a feasibility study.

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Covered self-expanding metal stents (CSEMS) have been used for palliation of @entity5 . Occlusion of the cystic duct by CSEMS may be complicated by @entity2679 . This potentially could be prevented by placement of a @entity1085 stent ( @entity1085 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 11/2006 and 10/2007, a total of 73 @entity1 (50 male) aged 65 +/- 14 years underwent CSEMS placement for palliation of @entity3883 . In cases where CSEMS placement caused occlusion of the cystic duct, a 7 French transpapillary pigtail @entity1085 ( @entity1085 ) was inserted to prevent @entity2679 . RESULTS: Of the 73 @entity1 , 18 had a prior cholecystectomy; 34 had the CSEMS placed below the cystic duct insertion. In 19 out of the 21 @entity1 who had a CSEMS covering the cystic duct ostium, @entity1085 placement was attempted, which was successful in 11 individuals (58%). An attempt to access the @entity1085 was complicated by wire perforation of the cystic duct in three @entity1 ; one @entity1 requiring emergent cholecystostomy tube placement. None of the @entity1 who underwent successful @entity1085 placement developed @entity2679 . One @entity1085 dislodged and was repositioned. @entity2679 occurred in two (20%) of the ten @entity1 without @entity1085 who had a CSEMS covering the cystic duct. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal placement of a CSEMS is below the cystic duct insertion. Should the cystic duct ostium be occluded, placement of a @entity1085 should be considered to minimize the risk of @entity2679 .

title: Gallbladder stent placement for prevention of @entity2679 in XXXX receiving covered metal stent for @entity3883 : a feasibility study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Psychosis with first onset after the age of 60 arising in the absence of @entity303 or primary @entity1316 is thought to affect 2-4% of older @entity1 . Up to half will not respond fully to medication.The subjective experience of living with late-onset @entity716 (LOP) has not yet been considered and this study represents a preliminary attempt to explore the subjective experience and psychological features of older @entity1 living with LOP. METHOD: The study was conducted in Ireland. Seven @entity1 between the ages of 67 and 87 years who met diagnostic criteria for very late-onset @entity161 -like @entity716 were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. @entity1 spoke about previous life experiences as well as the experience of developing and living with LOP. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify common themes within their accounts. RESULTS: Four themes emerged which reflected @entity1 ' subjective experiences of earlier life stages as well as their current experiences of LOP. Three interrelated themes described @entity1 ' experiences of social isolation, a solitary coping style and the experience of the self as 'different'. A final theme reflected @entity1 ' attempts to explain and find meaning in their @entity716 experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the view that the experience of LOP emerges in the context of psychosocial vulnerabilities combined with adversities associated with the experience of ageing.

title: 'Not of this world': the subjective experience of late-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Most @entity1 with acute @entity583 with @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) are still treated with pharmacological reperfusion, which is not always successful. That is the reason for searching possibilities for a better success of reperfusion with adding new antiplatelet drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate weather addition of @entity1397 as a second antiplatelet drug, improves the patency of the @entity1188 after @entity1347 . METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 65 @entity1 , 29-72 years old, hospitalized due to the first @entity1347 within 6 hours after the on-set of a @entity662 . They were treated with a fibrinolytic agent (streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator--tPA), @entity117 , and low molecular heparin (enoxaparin). A group of 50 @entity1 , beside this therapy, received @entity1397 . Coronary angiography was performed between 5th and 10th day of hospitalization to assess for late patency of the @entity1188 . @entity1188 was considered as patent if thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) flow grade was 2 or 3, and as occluded if TIMI flow grade was 0 or 1. RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 who received double antiplatelet therapy ( @entity117 and @entity1397 ), @entity1188 was occluded in 3 cases (6%); in the group of @entity1 without @entity1397 , @entity1188 was occluded in 4 @entity1 (26.7%),p < 0.05. There were less frequency of @entity951 (6% vs 13.3%), and rarer necessity for rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (4% vs. 13.3%) in the first group, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Adding of @entity1397 to the standard reperfusion pharmacotherapy, as a second antiplatelet drug, increases the number of @entity1 with patent @entity1188 and the success of reperfusion.

title: [Influence of the double antiplatelet therapy on patency of the occluded artery after acute XXXX with @entity1347 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment elevation', 'STEMI']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'Infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['postinfarction angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Most @entity1 with acute @entity583 with @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) are still treated with pharmacological reperfusion, which is not always successful. That is the reason for searching possibilities for a better success of reperfusion with adding new antiplatelet drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate weather addition of @entity1397 as a second antiplatelet drug, improves the patency of the @entity1188 after @entity1347 . METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 65 @entity1 , 29-72 years old, hospitalized due to the first @entity1347 within 6 hours after the on-set of a @entity662 . They were treated with a fibrinolytic agent (streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator--tPA), @entity117 , and low molecular heparin (enoxaparin). A group of 50 @entity1 , beside this therapy, received @entity1397 . Coronary angiography was performed between 5th and 10th day of hospitalization to assess for late patency of the @entity1188 . @entity1188 was considered as patent if thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) flow grade was 2 or 3, and as occluded if TIMI flow grade was 0 or 1. RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 who received double antiplatelet therapy ( @entity117 and @entity1397 ), @entity1188 was occluded in 3 cases (6%); in the group of @entity1 without @entity1397 , @entity1188 was occluded in 4 @entity1 (26.7%),p < 0.05. There were less frequency of @entity951 (6% vs 13.3%), and rarer necessity for rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (4% vs. 13.3%) in the first group, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Adding of @entity1397 to the standard reperfusion pharmacotherapy, as a second antiplatelet drug, increases the number of @entity1 with patent @entity1188 and the success of reperfusion.

title: [Influence of the double antiplatelet therapy on patency of the occluded artery after acute @entity583 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinicians' impression of adolescents' @entity167 or drug involvement may underestimate substance-related pathology. OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of adolescents presenting to the pediatric emergency department due to @entity734 and to determine whether physicians can reliably identify these @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of all @entity1 aged 12-18 years presenting to a pediatric emergency department between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2006 for whom a urine drug screen or @entity1068 blood levels was ordered. According to departmental protocol, urine drug screen and @entity1068 levels are taken for specific indications. Based on the history and clinical findings the pediatrician in the ED assessed on a 5-point likelihood scale the possibility that the @entity1 ' symptoms were related to @entity734 . RESULTS: Of the 139 @entity1 in the study group 40 (30%) tested positive for @entity1068 or drugs of abuse. The median age was 16. Compared with @entity1 who tested negative, there were more @entity1 with decreased level of consciousness among @entity1 who tested positive for @entity1068 or drugs (5% vs. 33% respectively, P < 0.001). The median physician estimate for the likelihood of @entity734 was 5 in @entity1 who tested positive and 2 in @entity1 who tested negative (P< 0.001). The likelihood of a positive drug/ @entity1068 test was not affected by age or gender. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of @entity734 is higher in @entity1 presenting with a low level of consciousness, Physicians may accurately assess the likelihood of @entity734 in these @entity1 .

title: Illicit drug and XXXX users admitted to the pediatric emergency department.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity1727 is a rare entity, determining huge digestive @entity548 with a very poor prognostic most often. We present the case of a @entity1 with @entity1727 of unknown origin, treated successfully in the Center of Surgery and Liver Transplantation from Fundeni Clinical Institute. A young @entity1 , 21 years old, was admitted in our clinic from another hospital for repetitive severe @entity360 , with @entity6552 and melena, pale, @entity1395 , without any @entity158 ; the @entity548 stopped when he was admitted. The upper digestive endoscopy and esophago-gastro-duodenal radioscopy with barium did not show any lesion. During the 7th day the @entity1 presents @entity2459 with @entity1344 ; during the surgery we found two subcardial @entity1066 (stress @entity1066 ?) for which we have done excision and suture which temporary stopped the @entity548 . After 14 days, the @entity1 had another massive @entity548 ; the upper endoscopy shows 28 cm far from the dental arch a protrusive formation of 6-7 mm with a @entity8721 aspect and with a white spot (possibly a central ulceration); 1 ml pure @entity167 was injected inside it with temporary @entity548 ceasing. After 3 days the @entity1 is @entity548 again, with marked decrease in blood pressure; a Blakemore tube stopped the @entity548 until surgery was performed. During the intervention an @entity2009 is detected; we made the excision of the fistula with simple suture of the aorta, subtotal esophagectomy, cervico-stoma and gastrostomy, with good postoperative evolution. After 4 months the digestive transit is restored by esophagoplasty with tubulized stomach placed behind the sternum. The diagnostic and @entity34 encountered in these kind of cases need to consider also an @entity1727 diagnosis, especially for the cases with Chiari triad (mild @entity158 , sentinel digestive @entity548 and exsanguination). The Blakemore tube can save @entity1 's life by ensuring temporary hemostasis and allowing the time for a definitive surgical intervention. The subtotal esophagectomy with cervicostoma and feeding gastrostomy, followed after few months by a esophageal reconstruction , is a solution for this extreme severe cases.

title: [Severe XXXX of a rare cause: @entity1727 successfully treated].

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasis']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['treatment difficulties']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-esophageal fistula', 'Aorto-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'thoracic pain']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden massive hematemesis']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity1727 is a rare entity, determining huge digestive @entity548 with a very poor prognostic most often. We present the case of a @entity1 with @entity1727 of unknown origin, treated successfully in the Center of Surgery and Liver Transplantation from Fundeni Clinical Institute. A young @entity1 , 21 years old, was admitted in our clinic from another hospital for repetitive severe @entity360 , with @entity6552 and melena, pale, @entity1395 , without any @entity158 ; the @entity548 stopped when he was admitted. The upper digestive endoscopy and esophago-gastro-duodenal radioscopy with barium did not show any lesion. During the 7th day the @entity1 presents @entity2459 with @entity1344 ; during the surgery we found two subcardial @entity1066 (stress @entity1066 ?) for which we have done excision and suture which temporary stopped the @entity548 . After 14 days, the @entity1 had another massive @entity548 ; the upper endoscopy shows 28 cm far from the dental arch a protrusive formation of 6-7 mm with a @entity8721 aspect and with a white spot (possibly a central ulceration); 1 ml pure @entity167 was injected inside it with temporary @entity548 ceasing. After 3 days the @entity1 is @entity548 again, with marked decrease in blood pressure; a Blakemore tube stopped the @entity548 until surgery was performed. During the intervention an @entity2009 is detected; we made the excision of the fistula with simple suture of the aorta, subtotal esophagectomy, cervico-stoma and gastrostomy, with good postoperative evolution. After 4 months the digestive transit is restored by esophagoplasty with tubulized stomach placed behind the sternum. The diagnostic and @entity34 encountered in these kind of cases need to consider also an @entity1727 diagnosis, especially for the cases with Chiari triad (mild @entity158 , sentinel digestive @entity548 and exsanguination). The Blakemore tube can save @entity1 's life by ensuring temporary hemostasis and allowing the time for a definitive surgical intervention. The subtotal esophagectomy with cervicostoma and feeding gastrostomy, followed after few months by a esophageal reconstruction , is a solution for this extreme severe cases.

title: [Severe @entity360 of a rare cause: XXXX successfully treated].

answer: @entity1727 :: (MESH:D004937,Disease) :: ['aorto-esophageal fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To test an adapted end-of-life conceptual model of the geriatric @entity5 experience and provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the model for use in practice and research. DESIGN: Nonexperimental and cross-sectional using baseline data collected within 24-72 hours of admission to hospice. SETTING: Two hospices in the southeastern United States. SAMPLE: 403 hospice homecare @entity1 ; 56% were @entity1 and 97% were Caucasian with a mean age of 77.7 years. METHODS: Confirmatory factor analyses using structural equation modeling with AMOS statistical software. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Clinical status; physiologic, psychological, and spiritual variables; and quality of life (QOL). FINDINGS: A three-factor model with QOL as an outcome variable showed that 67% of the variability in QOL is explained by the @entity1 's symptom and spiritual experiences. CONCLUSIONS: As symptoms and associated severity and distress increase, the @entity1 's QOL decreases. As the spiritual experience increases (the expressed need for inspiration, spiritual activities, and religion), QOL also increases. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: The model supports caring for the physical and metaphysical dimensions of the @entity1 's life. It also highlights a need for holistic care inclusive of physical, emotional, and spiritual domains.

title: The geriatric XXXX experience at the end of life: testing an adapted model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the authors' experience in surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) with intraneural vessels. METHODS: The study included three @entity1 with @entity4254 and an intraneural artery ( @entity76 ) and eight @entity1 with @entity4254 and an intraneural vein. The @entity1 underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) procedures. The intraneural arteries were wrapped by a thin piece of Teflon sponge. The intraneural veins all were coagulated and divided. Clinical outcomes and @entity260 were analyzed. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were free of @entity158 soon after surgery, achieving excellent outcomes; two @entity1 had good outcomes; and one @entity1 had a failed first operation but experienced @entity158 relief after reoperation, achieving an excellent outcome. Three @entity1 had postoperative @entity1183 because the trigeminal nerves were impaired owing to coagulation or mechanical injury. However, no dense @entity1183 or loss of corneal reflex occurred. CONCLUSIONS: If the intraneural vessel is an artery, it can be decompressed by wrapping techniques. Otherwise, intraneural veins should be coagulated and divided. Most @entity1 can achieve excellent or @entity158 relief with this approach; @entity1183 is uncommon.

title: Management of intraneural vessels during microvascular decompression surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness', 'corneal numbness']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['superior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain', 'good pain']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: Covalent and reversible post-translational modifications of proteins are a common theme in signaling. Ubiquitin conjugation was originally described to target proteins to proteasomal degradation by ubiquitin polymerization involving @entity376 (K) 48 residues. Differently linked polymers of polyubiquitin have been found that modify proteins without targeting to proteasomal degradation. Instead this pathway creates docking sites for signaling scaffolds that are key to control the @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ) pathway. Indeed @entity71112 , @entity25433 , and @entity71113 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that form K63-linked ubiquitin polymers. Therefore signaling via TNF family receptors, IL1R, IL-18R, T-cell receptor (TCR), and Toll-like receptors (TLR) use this type of post-translational modification. Specific enzymes exist (DUBs) that deactivate this system, degrading K63 polyubiquitin chains. Interestingly, @entity19 deficient in these deubiquitinases develop @entity792 and @entity32 . In @entity105 , the K63 polyubiquitin pathway is possibly critical for @entity5 . The pathway is also critically involved in costimulation of @entity5 immunity/immunotherapy as well as in the biology of malignant cells themselves. The elements of this new signaling paradigm offer the opportunity for therapeutic exploitation and drug discovery.

title: @entity376 63 polyubiquitination in immunotherapy and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1991 :: ('18033(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'inflammation-driven tumor promotion']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-promoting inflammation']


abstract: Covalent and reversible post-translational modifications of proteins are a common theme in signaling. Ubiquitin conjugation was originally described to target proteins to proteasomal degradation by ubiquitin polymerization involving @entity376 (K) 48 residues. Differently linked polymers of polyubiquitin have been found that modify proteins without targeting to proteasomal degradation. Instead this pathway creates docking sites for signaling scaffolds that are key to control the @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ) pathway. Indeed @entity71112 , @entity25433 , and @entity71113 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that form K63-linked ubiquitin polymers. Therefore signaling via TNF family receptors, IL1R, IL-18R, T-cell receptor (TCR), and Toll-like receptors (TLR) use this type of post-translational modification. Specific enzymes exist (DUBs) that deactivate this system, degrading K63 polyubiquitin chains. Interestingly, @entity19 deficient in these deubiquitinases develop @entity792 and @entity32 . In @entity105 , the K63 polyubiquitin pathway is possibly critical for @entity5 . The pathway is also critically involved in costimulation of @entity5 immunity/immunotherapy as well as in the biology of malignant cells themselves. The elements of this new signaling paradigm offer the opportunity for therapeutic exploitation and drug discovery.

title: XXXX 63 polyubiquitination in immunotherapy and in @entity5 .

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['Lysine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although individuals vulnerable to @entity716 show brain @entity854 , structural alterations underlying different probabilities for later transition are unknown. The present study addresses this issue by means of voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHOD: We investigated grey matter volume (GMV) abnormalities by comparing four neuroleptic-free groups: individuals with first episode of @entity716 (FEP) and with @entity1032 ( @entity10260 ), with either long-term ( @entity10260 -LT) or short-term @entity10260 ( @entity10260 ), compared to the healthy control (HC) group. Using three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined 16 FEP, 31 @entity10260 , clinically followed up for on average 3 months ( @entity10260 , n=18) and 4.5 years ( @entity10260 -LT, n=13), and 19 HC. RESULTS: The @entity10260 group showed less GMV in the right and left insula compared to the @entity10260 -LT (Cohen's d 1.67) and FEP groups (Cohen's d 1.81) respectively. These GMV differences were correlated positively with global functioning in the whole @entity10260 group. Insular alterations were associated with negative symptomatology in the whole @entity10260 group, and also with @entity1833 in the @entity10260 and @entity10260 -LT subgroups. We found a significant effect of previous antipsychotic medication use on GMV abnormalities in the FEP group. CONCLUSIONS: GMV abnormalities in subjects at high clinical risk for @entity716 are associated with negative and positive @entity716 , and global functioning. Alterations in the right insula are associated with a higher risk for transition to @entity716 , and thus may be related to different transition probabilities.

title: Insular XXXX associated with different transition probabilities to @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['at-risk mental state']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['volumetric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['volume abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although individuals vulnerable to @entity716 show brain @entity854 , structural alterations underlying different probabilities for later transition are unknown. The present study addresses this issue by means of voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHOD: We investigated grey matter volume (GMV) abnormalities by comparing four neuroleptic-free groups: individuals with first episode of @entity716 (FEP) and with @entity1032 ( @entity10260 ), with either long-term ( @entity10260 -LT) or short-term @entity10260 ( @entity10260 ), compared to the healthy control (HC) group. Using three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined 16 FEP, 31 @entity10260 , clinically followed up for on average 3 months ( @entity10260 , n=18) and 4.5 years ( @entity10260 -LT, n=13), and 19 HC. RESULTS: The @entity10260 group showed less GMV in the right and left insula compared to the @entity10260 -LT (Cohen's d 1.67) and FEP groups (Cohen's d 1.81) respectively. These GMV differences were correlated positively with global functioning in the whole @entity10260 group. Insular alterations were associated with negative symptomatology in the whole @entity10260 group, and also with @entity1833 in the @entity10260 and @entity10260 -LT subgroups. We found a significant effect of previous antipsychotic medication use on GMV abnormalities in the FEP group. CONCLUSIONS: GMV abnormalities in subjects at high clinical risk for @entity716 are associated with negative and positive @entity716 , and global functioning. Alterations in the right insula are associated with a higher risk for transition to @entity716 , and thus may be related to different transition probabilities.

title: Insular @entity854 associated with different transition probabilities to XXXX .

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The surgical treatment of low @entity5 commonly includes low pelvic anastomoses with coloanal or ultralow colorectal anastomoses. @entity834 rates in low pelvic anastomoses range from 4 to 26%. Many surgeons opt to routinely create a diverting ostomy to reduce the extent of morbidity should an @entity834 occur. The intent of our study was to determine if our policy of selected diversion is safe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 66 @entity5 @entity1 who underwent proctectomy and low pelvic anastomoses -- less than 6 cm from anal verge, with or without a diverting ostomy -- was undertaken. Temporary diverting stomas were utilized at the discretion of the attending surgeon primarily based on subjective criteria. The main outcome was @entity260 . RESULTS/FINDINGS: Forty-nine @entity1 (78% preoperatively irradiated) were treated with a one-stage operation, whereas 17 (53% preoperatively irradiated) underwent reconstruction with proximal diversion. The mean anastomotic height for @entity1 with a single stage procedure was 3.8 cm above the anal verge versus 2.6 for @entity1 with a two-stage procedure (p = 0.076). Complication rates were lower in @entity1 who did not undergo diversion (29% vs 47%, p = 16). With regard to anastomotic-associated complications for single stage versus two stage, complication rates were 8% versus 18%, respectively (p = 0.27). INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSION: Low pelvic anastomoses in @entity5 @entity1 can be safely performed as a single-stage procedure, reserving the use of diversion for select cases.

title: Selective treatment of XXXX with single-stage coloanal or ultralow colorectal anastomosis does not adversely affect morbidity and mortality.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leak']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']