abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for @entity2736 prophylaxis following at-risk injuries and procedures. We hypothesized that NSAIDs may be delivered locally in a wound for @entity2736 prophylaxis. In in vitro work, we cultured osteoblasts with three commercially available NSAIDs and then measured cell viability and DNA content. @entity3352 caused a 50% decrease in DNA at the lowest dose (0.0001 mM) and the most potent decrease in cell viability (<10% of control at 0.0005 mM). Ketorolac and @entity5018 required 10 times the dose to achieve a comparable decrease (<20% of control at 0.005 mM). In an animal study, 20 @entity35 per treatment group received a full-thickness wound dressed with either saline-moistened gauze, saline-moistened chitosan sponge, or chitosan sponge loaded with @entity3352 . After 28 days, we examined the tissue for healing. Wounds exposed to @entity3352 loaded sponges demonstrated fewer inflammatory cells. All 20 @entity35 in the @entity3352 group had complete epithelial coverage at 28 days. Eighteen (90%) wounds in the saline-chitosan group and 11 (55%) wounds in the saline-gauze group were healed. Locally delivered NSAIDs may be useful for @entity2736 prophylaxis due to effects on osteoblast viability and lack of negative effects on wound healing. Clin Trans Sci 2015; Volume #: 1-3.

title: Locally Delivered Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug: A Potential Option for XXXX Prevention.

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['Heterotopic Ossification']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 had emergency laparoscopic chelecystectomy for acute @entity2679 . General inflammatory change (CRP 26.6 mg x dl(-1), WBC 26,800) was noted preoperatively. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and @entity1937 and maintained with @entity2614 in @entity26 and @entity1937 . Operation was performed uneventfully within 128 min. At the end of the surgery, 0.1 mg of @entity3575 was administrated. After confirming adequate respiration and oxygenation, endotracheal tube was removed. At that period, @entity101 ( @entity13519 220 mmHg) and @entity591 (HR 122 beats x min(-1)) developed. Soon thereafter, he became @entity2146 and complained of @entity1353 with desaturation (Spo2 < 70%). After reintubation, massive pinkish babbly secretion flowed out from the endotracheal tube. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse bilateral infiltration of the lungs without @entity1283 . He was transferred to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation. His condition improved progressively and was extubated on the POD 6. The cause of @entity3126 is thought to be profound centralization of circulating volume associated with @entity2922 -induced vasoconstriction due to rapid disappearance of @entity1937 effect. Adequate analgesia is necessary during @entity1937 -based anesthesia especially in @entity1 suffering from general inflammatory changes.

title: [Case of @entity3126 due to excessive XXXX following extubation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 had emergency laparoscopic chelecystectomy for acute @entity2679 . General inflammatory change (CRP 26.6 mg x dl(-1), WBC 26,800) was noted preoperatively. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and @entity1937 and maintained with @entity2614 in @entity26 and @entity1937 . Operation was performed uneventfully within 128 min. At the end of the surgery, 0.1 mg of @entity3575 was administrated. After confirming adequate respiration and oxygenation, endotracheal tube was removed. At that period, @entity101 ( @entity13519 220 mmHg) and @entity591 (HR 122 beats x min(-1)) developed. Soon thereafter, he became @entity2146 and complained of @entity1353 with desaturation (Spo2 < 70%). After reintubation, massive pinkish babbly secretion flowed out from the endotracheal tube. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse bilateral infiltration of the lungs without @entity1283 . He was transferred to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation. His condition improved progressively and was extubated on the POD 6. The cause of @entity3126 is thought to be profound centralization of circulating volume associated with @entity2922 -induced vasoconstriction due to rapid disappearance of @entity1937 effect. Adequate analgesia is necessary during @entity1937 -based anesthesia especially in @entity1 suffering from general inflammatory changes.

title: [Case of XXXX due to excessive @entity101 following extubation].

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['pulmonary edema']


abstract: The effect of @entity1169 (5 mg iv) on the leukocytosis of exercise was studied in seven normal young males. Leukocyte counts, plasma @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E), and cardiac output were measured at rest and in the steady state of several submaximal work loads when subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer. The results in control experiments were compared with those obtained on a different day with @entity1169 . @entity1169 @entity1168 at all work loads (P less than 0.001) but had no effect on the increase in cardiac output at increasing work loads. Plasma NE and E levels were similar at rest and in exercise in control and @entity1169 studies. There was no effect of @entity1169 on the increase in leukocyte counts with increasing work loads. Although @entity1169 did not affect the increase in total leukocyte count, the increase in lymphocyte count at higher work loads was less with @entity1169 . We conclude that the demargination of leukocytes from the pulmonary circulation in exercise is probably a mechanical effect of the increase in cardiac output. However, we have not excluded a contribution from a humoral event that would decrease the adherence of leukocytes to endothelium during exercise. The smaller increase in lymphocytes at higher work loads in the presence of @entity1169 suggests that @entity2661 affect the lymphocyte count over and above their effect on cardiac output.

title: Leukocytosis of exercise: role of cardiac output and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Using the prototype willingness model (PWM) as a framework, this study sought to explore the relationship between prototype perceptions, willingness and @entity285 consumption in a sample of adolescents in the United Kingdom (UK). Adolescents aged 11-17 were asked about their @entity285 prototype perceptions, willingness to drink, intentions, @entity285 consumption, @entity8769 and harms using a cross-sectional online survey. @entity1 were recruited through opportunity sampling via schools and parents. The survey was completed by 178 respondents (51% female; 91 aged 11-15, 87 aged 16-17). Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between @entity1 aged 11-15 and 16-17 on PWM measures, even when experience with drinking was accounted for (p  <  .001). There were significant interactions (p  <  .001) between age and prototype perceptions; younger @entity1 rated non-drinker prototypes as more favourable and more similar to the self than 16- and 17-year-old @entity1 . Willingness and intentions interacted with age; both measures were similar in 16- and 17-year-olds, whereas younger @entity1 scored significantly higher on willingness than intentions (p  <  .001). Three distinct scales of prototype descriptions were identified in principal components analysis. Characteristics related to sociability significantly predicted willingness to drink @entity285 in the sample (p  <  .001). This study extends previous research by demonstrating that the PWM can provide a theoretical explanation of adolescent drinking in the UK. The results suggest that 11- to 15-year-olds may be the most suitable age for an intervention that targets @entity285 prototypes, with a focus on sociability characteristics.

title: Age differences in XXXX prototype perceptions and willingness to drink in UK adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['drunkenness']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) replaced the 7-valent vaccine (PCV7) on the Australian National Immunization Program (NIP) in 2011. Post-marketing surveillance of @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ) is crucial for detecting potential safety signals and maintaining confidence in the NIP. This study describes all @entity1200 reported to Surveillance of Adverse Events following Vaccination in the Community (SAEFVIC), Melbourne, Australia, following both the primary series of PCV13 ( @entity1 <7 months) and the catch-up dose (12 months-35 months) in its first year of inclusion on the NIP. @entity1200 reporting rates per 100,000 doses of vaccine administered were compared for the PCV13 primary series and PCV7 primary series in the previous year. SAEFVIC received 229 reports describing 406 @entity1200 following @entity69291 in the 12 months post introduction. There was no difference in the total number of @entity1200 cases reported between the vaccines but 7 @entity1200 categories were reported at a significantly higher rate following PCV13 compared with PCV7. No difference in reporting rate was observed for serious @entity1200 (p = 0.25). Post-hoc analysis of a further 12 months of PCV13 data revealed that all 7 @entity1200 categories that were initially reported at a significantly higher rate following PCV13 compared to PCV7 in the first 12 months post introduction, were no longer significantly increased in the 13-24 month period. The initial high reporting rate for several common @entity1200 post PCV13 compared to PCV7 may be explained by heightened awareness of the new vaccine. There were no safety signals detected for rare or serious @entity1200 that would require further investigation at this time.

title: Surveillance of adverse events following the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in XXXX , and comparison with adverse events following 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, in Victoria, Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['AEFI', 'adverse events following immunization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Twenty-four cases of an unusual type of @entity43 with functioning stroma in which bands of @entity134 -hormone-producing cells were located adjacent to the @entity5 are presented. The cells were of stromal lutein cell type in 14 cases, stromal Leydig cell type in two cases, and hilus cell type in eight cases. Of the @entity5 with peripheral lutein cells, 11 were monodermal @entity44 , including eight examples of @entity19967 , two strumal carcinoids, and one trabecular @entity4303 ; the other three @entity5 in this group were a @entity48 , a @entity5000 containing syncytiotrophoblast cells, and a metastatic @entity4303 . The @entity5 with peripheral stromal Leydig cells were a @entity19967 and a @entity4303 . Three of the @entity5 with peripheral hilus cells were @entity8940 , four were cysts of probable rete origin, and the eight was a @entity48 . The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 13-82 (average 58) years. Eighty percent of the @entity1 were postmenopausal; one was pregnant. Forty-two percent of the @entity1 had androgenic manifestations, 29% had evidence of hyperestrinism, and one (4%) had evidence of @entity1420 excess. In 29% of the cases there was no clinical evidence of hormonal imbalance. Those @entity5 with peripheral stromal Leydig cells or hilus cells were accompanied by androgenic manifestations in over one-half the cases, and those @entity5 with peripheral lutein cells had a slightly higher association with estrogenic rather than androgenic changes. @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin and its beta subunit were demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase technique in some neoplastic cells in 4 of the 17 cases in which it was performed. @entity43 with peripheral steroid-hormone-producing cells should be distinguished from the typical @entity43 with functioning stroma, which contains lutein cells scattered throughout its stroma.

title: Functioning XXXX with peripheral steroid cell proliferation: a report of twenty-four cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor', 'Ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['strumal carcinoid', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: The records of 101 @entity2072 and/or heroin drug abusing @entity1 admitted consecutively to Fair Oaks Hospital were evaluated for history of IV @entity734 , antigen and serum antibody evidence of @entity1956 , and elevation of serum SGPT. One @entity1 , an IV user, had @entity1956 antigen present in his blood. No @entity1 had @entity99 (IgM) antibody present. Forty-five out of fifty-three (84.9%) IV abusers were Hep B Ab positive, while two out of twenty-nine non-IV abusers (6.9%) were positive. Twenty of fifty-three (43.4%) IV users had positive @entity99 Ab while one of twenty-nine (3.4%) of non-IV users were positive. Thirty-five of fifty-five (63.6%) IV users had elevated SGPT compared to five of forty-one (12.2%) in non-IV users. IV users tended to be older than non-IV users. The data presented in this article indicate that there is a greatly increased incidence of both @entity99 and B in IV drug users compared to non-IV users and that the @entity1956 incidence is increased in a far greater amount than could be expected in a normal population. The type of drug injected ( @entity4521 , other opiates, or @entity2072 ) was not an important determinant. The presence of @entity1956 antibodies in any drug abusing @entity1 who denies IV use is a strong indication that they may not be telling the truth about their past @entity734 . It makes little difference whether drug abusing @entity1 live in the inner city or the suburbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in 101 consecutive suburban @entity2072 and opiate users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A and B infection', 'hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'acute hepatitis A']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis']


abstract: The records of 101 @entity2072 and/or heroin drug abusing @entity1 admitted consecutively to Fair Oaks Hospital were evaluated for history of IV @entity734 , antigen and serum antibody evidence of @entity1956 , and elevation of serum SGPT. One @entity1 , an IV user, had @entity1956 antigen present in his blood. No @entity1 had @entity99 (IgM) antibody present. Forty-five out of fifty-three (84.9%) IV abusers were Hep B Ab positive, while two out of twenty-nine non-IV abusers (6.9%) were positive. Twenty of fifty-three (43.4%) IV users had positive @entity99 Ab while one of twenty-nine (3.4%) of non-IV users were positive. Thirty-five of fifty-five (63.6%) IV users had elevated SGPT compared to five of forty-one (12.2%) in non-IV users. IV users tended to be older than non-IV users. The data presented in this article indicate that there is a greatly increased incidence of both @entity99 and B in IV drug users compared to non-IV users and that the @entity1956 incidence is increased in a far greater amount than could be expected in a normal population. The type of drug injected ( @entity4521 , other opiates, or @entity2072 ) was not an important determinant. The presence of @entity1956 antibodies in any drug abusing @entity1 who denies IV use is a strong indication that they may not be telling the truth about their past @entity734 . It makes little difference whether drug abusing @entity1 live in the inner city or the suburbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity99 in 101 consecutive suburban XXXX and opiate users.

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Studies have been carried out in the presence of @entity897 , by utilizing a technique of platelet rapid filtration. Kinetic data suggest that @entity413 uptake across plasma membrane is the rate limiting step in its utilization. @entity897 is transported by facilitated diffusion. @entity413 is transferred at only 1/1200 of the rate of @entity413 . Transport system shows high affinity for substrate. Transport is inhibited by @entity2389 , @entity16802 and @entity8816 . @entity33264 does not affect @entity897 uptake. @entity13131 can have activating or inhibitory effect. @entity2469 is always activating. Insulin has no effect on rate transport. @entity413 , @entity10546 , non radioactive @entity897 and @entity3913 are strong competitors, whereas @entity3649 and @entity8691 compete weakly with @entity897 transport.

title: XXXX transport across plasma membrane in human platelets.

entities_list: @entity8691 :: ('CHEBI:48095', 'Chemical') :: ['D-fructose']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methylglucose']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity16802 :: ('MESH:D010693', 'Chemical') :: ['phloretin']

entities_list: @entity33264 :: ('MESH:C007215', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin E']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactose']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['t-Butyl hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'L-glucose', 'D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity15652 ( @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1), also known as @entity15652 , belongs to MazG-like @entity9953 pyrophosphatase (NTP-PPase) superfamily. Being a newly identified pyrophosphatase, its relevance to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms are not well investigated. In the present study, we have confirmed our previous study that @entity15652 was significantly hyperexpressed in @entity0 and further demonstrated its strong association with @entity5 progression and poor prognosis in @entity0 . Knockdown of @entity15652 in @entity0 cell line MCF-7 cells remarkably retarded proliferation and colony formation in vitro. The capacity of mammosphere formation of MCF-7 was suppressed with the silence of @entity15652 , which was consistent with the enhanced mammosphere-forming ability in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. To further dissect the mechanisms of @entity15652 in promoting @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance, its biochemical properties and biological functions were investigated. @entity15652 displayed bioactive form with tetrameric structure similar to other MazG domain-containing pyrophosphatases based on structure simulation. A substrate preference for @entity19683 and its methylated or @entity10021 -modified derivatives over the other canonical (deoxy-) NTPs was demonstrated from enzymatic assay. This substrate preference was also proved in @entity0 cells that the intracellular @entity73070 level increased in @entity15652 -deficient MCF-7 cells but decreased in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, global methylation level was elevated in @entity15652 -knockdown MCF-7 cells or mammosphere-forming MCF-7 cells but decreased significantly in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammospheres. Our results thus indicated that @entity1 @entity15652 was capable of modulating the concentration of intracellular @entity73070 . This in turn affected global methylation, contributing to a known phenomenon of hypomethylation related to the @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance. Our current investigations point to the pathological functions of @entity15652 overexpression in @entity0 cells with aberrant @entity19683 metabolism and epigenetic modification.

title: @entity1 @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1 promotes XXXX cell growth and @entity3308 through the modulation on @entity73070 metabolism and global hypomethylation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity15652 :: ('79077', 'Gene') :: ['DCTPP1', 'XTP3-transactivated protein A']

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphate']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity15652 ( @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1), also known as @entity15652 , belongs to MazG-like @entity9953 pyrophosphatase (NTP-PPase) superfamily. Being a newly identified pyrophosphatase, its relevance to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms are not well investigated. In the present study, we have confirmed our previous study that @entity15652 was significantly hyperexpressed in @entity0 and further demonstrated its strong association with @entity5 progression and poor prognosis in @entity0 . Knockdown of @entity15652 in @entity0 cell line MCF-7 cells remarkably retarded proliferation and colony formation in vitro. The capacity of mammosphere formation of MCF-7 was suppressed with the silence of @entity15652 , which was consistent with the enhanced mammosphere-forming ability in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. To further dissect the mechanisms of @entity15652 in promoting @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance, its biochemical properties and biological functions were investigated. @entity15652 displayed bioactive form with tetrameric structure similar to other MazG domain-containing pyrophosphatases based on structure simulation. A substrate preference for @entity19683 and its methylated or @entity10021 -modified derivatives over the other canonical (deoxy-) NTPs was demonstrated from enzymatic assay. This substrate preference was also proved in @entity0 cells that the intracellular @entity73070 level increased in @entity15652 -deficient MCF-7 cells but decreased in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, global methylation level was elevated in @entity15652 -knockdown MCF-7 cells or mammosphere-forming MCF-7 cells but decreased significantly in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammospheres. Our results thus indicated that @entity1 @entity15652 was capable of modulating the concentration of intracellular @entity73070 . This in turn affected global methylation, contributing to a known phenomenon of hypomethylation related to the @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance. Our current investigations point to the pathological functions of @entity15652 overexpression in @entity0 cells with aberrant @entity19683 metabolism and epigenetic modification.

title: @entity1 @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1 promotes @entity0 cell growth and XXXX through the modulation on @entity73070 metabolism and global hypomethylation.

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['stemness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity15652 ( @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1), also known as @entity15652 , belongs to MazG-like @entity9953 pyrophosphatase (NTP-PPase) superfamily. Being a newly identified pyrophosphatase, its relevance to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms are not well investigated. In the present study, we have confirmed our previous study that @entity15652 was significantly hyperexpressed in @entity0 and further demonstrated its strong association with @entity5 progression and poor prognosis in @entity0 . Knockdown of @entity15652 in @entity0 cell line MCF-7 cells remarkably retarded proliferation and colony formation in vitro. The capacity of mammosphere formation of MCF-7 was suppressed with the silence of @entity15652 , which was consistent with the enhanced mammosphere-forming ability in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. To further dissect the mechanisms of @entity15652 in promoting @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance, its biochemical properties and biological functions were investigated. @entity15652 displayed bioactive form with tetrameric structure similar to other MazG domain-containing pyrophosphatases based on structure simulation. A substrate preference for @entity19683 and its methylated or @entity10021 -modified derivatives over the other canonical (deoxy-) NTPs was demonstrated from enzymatic assay. This substrate preference was also proved in @entity0 cells that the intracellular @entity73070 level increased in @entity15652 -deficient MCF-7 cells but decreased in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, global methylation level was elevated in @entity15652 -knockdown MCF-7 cells or mammosphere-forming MCF-7 cells but decreased significantly in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammospheres. Our results thus indicated that @entity1 @entity15652 was capable of modulating the concentration of intracellular @entity73070 . This in turn affected global methylation, contributing to a known phenomenon of hypomethylation related to the @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance. Our current investigations point to the pathological functions of @entity15652 overexpression in @entity0 cells with aberrant @entity19683 metabolism and epigenetic modification.

title: @entity1 XXXX pyrophosphatase 1 promotes @entity0 cell growth and @entity3308 through the modulation on @entity73070 metabolism and global hypomethylation.

answer: @entity19683 :: (MESH:C024107,Chemical) :: ['dCTP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity15652 ( @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1), also known as @entity15652 , belongs to MazG-like @entity9953 pyrophosphatase (NTP-PPase) superfamily. Being a newly identified pyrophosphatase, its relevance to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms are not well investigated. In the present study, we have confirmed our previous study that @entity15652 was significantly hyperexpressed in @entity0 and further demonstrated its strong association with @entity5 progression and poor prognosis in @entity0 . Knockdown of @entity15652 in @entity0 cell line MCF-7 cells remarkably retarded proliferation and colony formation in vitro. The capacity of mammosphere formation of MCF-7 was suppressed with the silence of @entity15652 , which was consistent with the enhanced mammosphere-forming ability in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. To further dissect the mechanisms of @entity15652 in promoting @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance, its biochemical properties and biological functions were investigated. @entity15652 displayed bioactive form with tetrameric structure similar to other MazG domain-containing pyrophosphatases based on structure simulation. A substrate preference for @entity19683 and its methylated or @entity10021 -modified derivatives over the other canonical (deoxy-) NTPs was demonstrated from enzymatic assay. This substrate preference was also proved in @entity0 cells that the intracellular @entity73070 level increased in @entity15652 -deficient MCF-7 cells but decreased in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, global methylation level was elevated in @entity15652 -knockdown MCF-7 cells or mammosphere-forming MCF-7 cells but decreased significantly in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammospheres. Our results thus indicated that @entity1 @entity15652 was capable of modulating the concentration of intracellular @entity73070 . This in turn affected global methylation, contributing to a known phenomenon of hypomethylation related to the @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance. Our current investigations point to the pathological functions of @entity15652 overexpression in @entity0 cells with aberrant @entity19683 metabolism and epigenetic modification.

title: @entity1 @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1 promotes @entity0 cell growth and @entity3308 through the modulation on XXXX metabolism and global hypomethylation.

answer: @entity73070 :: (MESH:C034817,Chemical) :: ['5-methyl-dCTP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity15652 ( @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1), also known as @entity15652 , belongs to MazG-like @entity9953 pyrophosphatase (NTP-PPase) superfamily. Being a newly identified pyrophosphatase, its relevance to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms are not well investigated. In the present study, we have confirmed our previous study that @entity15652 was significantly hyperexpressed in @entity0 and further demonstrated its strong association with @entity5 progression and poor prognosis in @entity0 . Knockdown of @entity15652 in @entity0 cell line MCF-7 cells remarkably retarded proliferation and colony formation in vitro. The capacity of mammosphere formation of MCF-7 was suppressed with the silence of @entity15652 , which was consistent with the enhanced mammosphere-forming ability in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. To further dissect the mechanisms of @entity15652 in promoting @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance, its biochemical properties and biological functions were investigated. @entity15652 displayed bioactive form with tetrameric structure similar to other MazG domain-containing pyrophosphatases based on structure simulation. A substrate preference for @entity19683 and its methylated or @entity10021 -modified derivatives over the other canonical (deoxy-) NTPs was demonstrated from enzymatic assay. This substrate preference was also proved in @entity0 cells that the intracellular @entity73070 level increased in @entity15652 -deficient MCF-7 cells but decreased in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, global methylation level was elevated in @entity15652 -knockdown MCF-7 cells or mammosphere-forming MCF-7 cells but decreased significantly in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammospheres. Our results thus indicated that @entity1 @entity15652 was capable of modulating the concentration of intracellular @entity73070 . This in turn affected global methylation, contributing to a known phenomenon of hypomethylation related to the @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance. Our current investigations point to the pathological functions of @entity15652 overexpression in @entity0 cells with aberrant @entity19683 metabolism and epigenetic modification.

title: XXXX @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1 promotes @entity0 cell growth and @entity3308 through the modulation on @entity73070 metabolism and global hypomethylation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity1301 (NP), a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems, is of high environmental concern. The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ), to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination. Fish were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups were receiving 0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 microg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days, respectively. A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups, but no NP. Locomotor activity, @entity146 , group preference and leaving shoal were examined. NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male @entity3392 , whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP. @entity146 and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups. Locomotor activity and @entity146 of the male and group preference of both male and female @entity3392 were clearly inhibited at 100 microg/L NP. No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure. The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and @entity146 of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.

title: Effects of chronic exposure to @entity1301 on locomotor activity and social behavior in XXXX ( @entity3392 ).

entities_list: @entity1301 :: ('MESH:C025256', 'Chemical') :: ['Nonylphenol']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'Aggressive behavior']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: @entity1301 (NP), a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems, is of high environmental concern. The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ), to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination. Fish were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups were receiving 0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 microg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days, respectively. A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups, but no NP. Locomotor activity, @entity146 , group preference and leaving shoal were examined. NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male @entity3392 , whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP. @entity146 and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups. Locomotor activity and @entity146 of the male and group preference of both male and female @entity3392 were clearly inhibited at 100 microg/L NP. No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure. The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and @entity146 of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.

title: Effects of chronic exposure to @entity1301 on locomotor activity and social behavior in @entity3392 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Danio rerio']


abstract: @entity1301 (NP), a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems, is of high environmental concern. The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ), to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination. Fish were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups were receiving 0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 microg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days, respectively. A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups, but no NP. Locomotor activity, @entity146 , group preference and leaving shoal were examined. NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male @entity3392 , whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP. @entity146 and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups. Locomotor activity and @entity146 of the male and group preference of both male and female @entity3392 were clearly inhibited at 100 microg/L NP. No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure. The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and @entity146 of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.

title: Effects of chronic exposure to XXXX on locomotor activity and social behavior in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ).

answer: @entity1301 :: (MESH:C025256,Chemical) :: ['nonylphenol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluate the long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity298 ( @entity298 ) treated with systemic chemotherapy regimens, and the impact of the of the retrospective peritoneal disease severity score (PSDSS) on outcomes. METHODS: One hundred sixty-seven consecutive @entity1 treated with @entity298 from @entity14 between years 1987-2006 were identified from a prospective institutional database. These @entity1 either received no chemotherapy, @entity1487 / @entity4181 or @entity901 / @entity2600 -based chemotherapy. Stratification was made according to the retrospective PSDSS that classifies @entity298 @entity1 based on clinically relevant factors. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparison with the log-rank test. RESULTS: Median survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3-7 months) for @entity1 who had no chemotherapy, 11 months (95% CI, 6-9 months) for @entity1 treated with 5 FU/LV, and 12 months (95% CI, 4-20 months) for @entity1 treated with @entity901 / @entity2600 -based chemotherapy. Survival differed between @entity1 treated with chemotherapy compared to those @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy (p = 0.026). PSDSS staging was identified as an independent predictor for survival on multivariate analysis [RR 2.8 (95%CI 1.5-5.4); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A trend towards improved outcomes is demonstrated from treatment of @entity1 with @entity298 from @entity14 using modern systemic chemotherapy. The PSDSS appears to be a useful tool in @entity1 selection and prognostication in @entity298 of colorectal origin.

title: Evaluation of best supportive care and systemic chemotherapy as treatment stratified according to the retrospective peritoneal surface disease severity score (PSDSS) for XXXX of colorectal origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The existence of @entity5 stem cells in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has been verified by characterizing side population (SP) cells based on efflux of @entity5956 dye from stem cells. Recent advances in microRNA (miRNA) biology have revealed that miRNAs play an important role in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. However, it is still unclear which miRNAs participate in the @entity96 stem cells (LCSCs) during hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS: To identify the unique set of miRNAs differentially regulated in LCSCs, we applied SP sorting to primary cultures of F344 @entity35 @entity157 @entity5 cells treated with @entity107 ( @entity108 ) and normal syngenic fetal liver cells, and the stem-like characteristics of SP cells were verified through detecting expression of CD90.1, AFP and CK-7. Global miRNA expression profiles of two groups of SP cells were screened through microarray platform. RESULTS: A total of 68 miRNAs, including @entity73071 , @entity34323 , miR-470*, miR-34c-3p, and let-7i*, were identified as overexpressed in SP of @entity157 cells compared to fetal liver cells. Ten miRNAs were underexpressed, including @entity73072 * and miR-148b*. These miRNAs were validated using stem-loop real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that LCSCs may have a distinct miRNA expression fingerprint during hepatocarcinogenesis. Dissecting these relationships will provide a new understanding of the function of miRNA in the process of neoplastic transformation of LCSCs.

title: MicroRNAs involved in XXXX stem cells.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic transformation of liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['neoplastic transformation of liver cancer']


abstract: @entity1241 has a profound impact in a @entity1 's life, impairing quality of life and carrying a substantial economic burden due to health costs. It is an underdiagnosed condition because many affected @entity1 are reluctant to report it and also clinicians are usually not alert to it. @entity1 evaluation with a detailed clinical history and examination is very important to indicate the @entity130 that is present. Endoanal ultrasonography is currently the gold standard for sphincter evaluation in @entity1241 and is a simple, well-tolerated and non-expensive technique. Most studies revealed 100% sensitivity in identifying sphincter defect. It is better than endoanal magnetic resonance imaging for internal anal @entity1690 , equivalent for the diagnosis of external anal @entity1690 , but with a lower capacity for assessment of atrophy of this sphincter. The most common cause of @entity1241 is @entity130 related to @entity130 . Only a small percentage of @entity1 are diagnosed with sphincter tears immediately after vaginal delivery, but endoanal ultrasonography shows that one third of these @entity1 have occult @entity1690 . Furthermore, in @entity1 submitted to primary repair of these tears, ultrasound revealed a high frequency of persistent @entity1690 after surgery. Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography is currently largely used and accepted for sphincter evaluation in @entity1241 , improving diagnostic accuracy and our knowledge of physiologic and pathological sphincters alterations. Conversely, there is currently no evidence to support the use of elastography in @entity1241 .

title: Endoanal ultrasonography in XXXX : Current and future perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'fecal incontinence evaluation', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter defects']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['anal sphincter injury', 'type of injury', 'obstetric trauma']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of several factors with spontaneous stone expulsion, including ureteral stone characteristics (size, location, @entity3041 , perinephric stranding), types of medications prescribed (a-blocker, low-dose @entity479 ), and other possible demographic and health-history factors (gender, age, serum @entity1011 , underlying @entity6 [ @entity6 ], and @entity101 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 366 @entity1 with ureteral stones were enrolled. All @entity1 underwent watchful waiting without any invasive procedures. Initial diagnoses of ureteral stones were confirmed by computed tomography scans, which were taken at approximately 1-month intervals to check for stone expulsion. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify significant factors that contributed to stone expulsion. RESULTS: Among 366 @entity1 , 335 @entity1 (91.5%) experienced spontaneous stone passage during a mean follow-up period of 2.95  2.62 weeks. The @entity1 were divided into two groups depending on the success of spontaneous stone passage. Univariate analyses revealed that stone location (p=0.003), stone size (p=0.021), and underlying @entity6 (p<0.001) were significant predictors of stone passage. Multivariate analyses confirmed that stone size (p=0.010), stone location (p=0.008), and underlying @entity6 (p=0.003) were independent predictive factors affecting stone passage. CONCLUSIONS: Stone size, location, and underlying @entity6 were confirmed to be significant predictive factors for spontaneous passage of ureteral stones. Urologists should consider active procedures, such as shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy, rather than conservative management in @entity1 presenting with proximally located stones, large ureteral stones, or underlying @entity6 .

title: Analysis of factors affecting spontaneous expulsion of ureteral stones that may predict unfavorable outcomes during watchful waiting periods: What is the influence of XXXX on the ureter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have showed that combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy might result in better outcome for locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The aim of this study is to determine the maximal tolerance dose (MTD) and efficacy of full-dose @entity136 and @entity901 when given concurrently with 3-dimentional radiation therapy (3D-RT) for locally advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity901 was administered at a fixed dose of 130mg/m  , and @entity136 was administered at a starting dose of 800mg/m   with an incremental dose gradient of 200mg/m   for 3 dose levels. MTD was defined as the immediate dose level lower than the dose at which dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) occurred in more than one-third of the @entity1 . The chemotherapy was administered at 3-week cycle. The RT was given as 3-D conformal manner at a single daily dose of 2Gy for 5 days per week. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were evaluable and distributed to three different dose levels: 6 at level 1, 8 at level 2 and 8 at level 3. @entity358 , esophageal and hematologic @entity137 were the main DLT. Grade III acute @entity358 occurred in one @entity1 each at level 2 and level 3, both with V20 > 20%, and grade III @entity2910 in two @entity1 at level 3. The MTD of @entity136 in this study was 1000mg/m  . The overall response rate was 75.0% (9/12). The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 70.0% and 30.5% respectively. The median time to progression was 8.7 months (range 5-11.8 months). CONCLUSIONS: With reduced radiation volume, @entity136 of 1000mg/m   in combination with @entity901 of 130mg/m   was effective and could be safely administered for @entity1149 .

title: Phase I/II study of @entity136 and @entity901 chemotherapy in combination with concurrent 3-D conformal radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary toxicity', 'pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have showed that combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy might result in better outcome for locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The aim of this study is to determine the maximal tolerance dose (MTD) and efficacy of full-dose @entity136 and @entity901 when given concurrently with 3-dimentional radiation therapy (3D-RT) for locally advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity901 was administered at a fixed dose of 130mg/m  , and @entity136 was administered at a starting dose of 800mg/m   with an incremental dose gradient of 200mg/m   for 3 dose levels. MTD was defined as the immediate dose level lower than the dose at which dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) occurred in more than one-third of the @entity1 . The chemotherapy was administered at 3-week cycle. The RT was given as 3-D conformal manner at a single daily dose of 2Gy for 5 days per week. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were evaluable and distributed to three different dose levels: 6 at level 1, 8 at level 2 and 8 at level 3. @entity358 , esophageal and hematologic @entity137 were the main DLT. Grade III acute @entity358 occurred in one @entity1 each at level 2 and level 3, both with V20 > 20%, and grade III @entity2910 in two @entity1 at level 3. The MTD of @entity136 in this study was 1000mg/m  . The overall response rate was 75.0% (9/12). The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 70.0% and 30.5% respectively. The median time to progression was 8.7 months (range 5-11.8 months). CONCLUSIONS: With reduced radiation volume, @entity136 of 1000mg/m   in combination with @entity901 of 130mg/m   was effective and could be safely administered for @entity1149 .

title: Phase I/II study of @entity136 and XXXX chemotherapy in combination with concurrent 3-D conformal radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have showed that combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy might result in better outcome for locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The aim of this study is to determine the maximal tolerance dose (MTD) and efficacy of full-dose @entity136 and @entity901 when given concurrently with 3-dimentional radiation therapy (3D-RT) for locally advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity901 was administered at a fixed dose of 130mg/m  , and @entity136 was administered at a starting dose of 800mg/m   with an incremental dose gradient of 200mg/m   for 3 dose levels. MTD was defined as the immediate dose level lower than the dose at which dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) occurred in more than one-third of the @entity1 . The chemotherapy was administered at 3-week cycle. The RT was given as 3-D conformal manner at a single daily dose of 2Gy for 5 days per week. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were evaluable and distributed to three different dose levels: 6 at level 1, 8 at level 2 and 8 at level 3. @entity358 , esophageal and hematologic @entity137 were the main DLT. Grade III acute @entity358 occurred in one @entity1 each at level 2 and level 3, both with V20 > 20%, and grade III @entity2910 in two @entity1 at level 3. The MTD of @entity136 in this study was 1000mg/m  . The overall response rate was 75.0% (9/12). The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 70.0% and 30.5% respectively. The median time to progression was 8.7 months (range 5-11.8 months). CONCLUSIONS: With reduced radiation volume, @entity136 of 1000mg/m   in combination with @entity901 of 130mg/m   was effective and could be safely administered for @entity1149 .

title: Phase I/II study of XXXX and @entity901 chemotherapy in combination with concurrent 3-D conformal radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: Postoperative intra-abdominal or intrathoracic adhesions sometimes cause significant morbidity. We have designed three types of alginate-based treatments using strongly cross-linked (SL), weakly @entity2915 with @entity10041 . In @entity35 experiments, we compared the antiadhesive effects of the three types of alginate-based treatments, fibrin glue treatment (a standard treatment), and no treatment against adhesions caused by @entity6886 ( @entity6987 ) mesh ( @entity6987 -induced adhesions). The antiadhesive materials were set on the @entity6987 sheet fixed on the parietal peritoneum of the abdomen. Fifty-six days later, the adhesions were evaluated macroscopically by the adhesion scores and microscopically by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and immunostaining. We also tested the fibroblast growth on the surface of the antiadhesive materials in vitro. The antiadhesive effects of WL and NL were superior to the no treatment and fibrin glue treatment. A microscopic evaluation confirmed that the @entity6987 sheet was covered by a peritoneal layer constructed of well-differentiated mesothelial cells, and the @entity32 was most improved in the NL and WL. The fibroblast growth was inhibited most on the surfaces of the NL and WL. These results suggest that either the WL or NL treatments are suitable for preventing @entity6987 -induced adhesions compared to SL or the conventional treatment.

title: Prevention of XXXX -Induced Peritoneal Adhesions Using Alginate in a @entity35 Model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked (WL), and non-cross-linked (NL) alginate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

answer: @entity6886 :: (CHEBI:53492,Chemical) :: ['Polyglycolic Acid']


abstract: Postoperative intra-abdominal or intrathoracic adhesions sometimes cause significant morbidity. We have designed three types of alginate-based treatments using strongly cross-linked (SL), weakly @entity2915 with @entity10041 . In @entity35 experiments, we compared the antiadhesive effects of the three types of alginate-based treatments, fibrin glue treatment (a standard treatment), and no treatment against adhesions caused by @entity6886 ( @entity6987 ) mesh ( @entity6987 -induced adhesions). The antiadhesive materials were set on the @entity6987 sheet fixed on the parietal peritoneum of the abdomen. Fifty-six days later, the adhesions were evaluated macroscopically by the adhesion scores and microscopically by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and immunostaining. We also tested the fibroblast growth on the surface of the antiadhesive materials in vitro. The antiadhesive effects of WL and NL were superior to the no treatment and fibrin glue treatment. A microscopic evaluation confirmed that the @entity6987 sheet was covered by a peritoneal layer constructed of well-differentiated mesothelial cells, and the @entity32 was most improved in the NL and WL. The fibroblast growth was inhibited most on the surfaces of the NL and WL. These results suggest that either the WL or NL treatments are suitable for preventing @entity6987 -induced adhesions compared to SL or the conventional treatment.

title: Prevention of @entity6886 -Induced Peritoneal Adhesions Using Alginate in a XXXX Model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of chest CT findings and dynamic changes of viral load in @entity1 with novel @entity281 in clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with confirmed novel influenza A (H1N1) according to the diagnostic criteria of the Ministry of Health, received chest X-ray, CT scans (HRCT) and viral load tests in our hospital from May to December of 2009. Based on whether there were signs of @entity55 in CT imaging, the @entity1 were divided into a @entity55 group (n = 31) and a @entity55 group (n = 20). The relationship between chest CT changes and viral load was observed and analyzed statistically using SPSS 10.5 software. RESULTS: Patchy consolidations of lungs were the main findings in @entity55 group with @entity281 , and ground-glass opacities were the main CT findings at acute and convalescent phases. Lobular and segmental shadows of the lungs were diffusely distributed, mostly found in lower lungs, especially the left lung. In some cases, the @entity358 were accompanied with @entity3329 . Co-existence of pulmonary parenchymal, interstitial and @entity456 was observed. Peak viral load occurred at the early phase of illness, with the mean initial viral load being 7.7 copies/ml and 4.2 copies/ml in the @entity55 and the @entity55 groups respectively. The viral nucleic acid became negative 4 days after antiviral treatment (course of 6 days). Dynamic observation of 3 @entity1 with novel @entity55 showed that, the viral clearance period preceded the absorption of lung lesions in 2 cases, but viral clearance period of a young @entity1 was significantly prolonged. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with the novel @entity281 , the viral load in the @entity55 group was significantly higher than that in the group with normal chest imaging. Dynamic observation on chest imaging and viral load may be beneficial for clinicians to start prompt and effective treatment.

title: [The relationship between chest CT findings and viral load in XXXX with novel influenza A (H1N1)].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'non-pneumonia', 'influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The Purpose of the Paper. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected parameters of mandible movements, electronically registered in @entity1 with @entity1348 and healthy ones. Material. Function test of the mandible movements was conducted in 175 @entity1 . Gender distribution was 143 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 , aged 9 to 84. Methods. The studied population, after accurate clinical examination, was divided into age groups with the range of five years. All the @entity1 had Zebris JMA computerized facebow examination done, according to the generally accepted principles and procedures. Results. Mean values of mouth opening calculated to 45.6   mm in healthy group and 37.6   mm in @entity1348 dysfunction group. Mean length of condylar path amounted to 39    7% of the maximum value of mouth opening in the group of healthy @entity1 , 44    11% in the case of muscle-based disorders, and 35    11% with joint-based. The mean value of the condylar path inclination oscillated in the range of 25   to 45  . Conclusions. The ratio of length of the condylar path to the size of mouth opening may be a significant value characterising the type and degree of intensification of the @entity2956 .

title: Assessment of the XXXX Dysfunction Using the Computerized Facebow Analysis of Selected Parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint dysfunction', 'TMJ']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['TMJ']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term outcome, safety, and complications of @entity1416 ( @entity1416 ) in the treatment of @entity1 with massive hemoptysis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 232 cases of massive hemoptysis treated with @entity1416 from February 2000 to February 2009 in our hospital was carried out. All cases were followed by repeated X-ray or CT examination, telephone calls, or questionnaires, with the longest period up to 9 years. RESULTS: There were 627 blood vessels which were totally embolized by 741 coils for the 232 cases. The hemoptysis was stopped instantly in 100% of the @entity1 . 91.8% (213/232) of the cases were cured and 19 cases (19/232, 8.18%) were improved. The overall effective rate was 100% (232/232). No serious or delayed complications occurred. None of the @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: Bronchial artery embolization is effective in cases with massive hemoptysis for its immediate effect and safety.

title: [Long-term outcome of XXXX in the treatment of massive hemoptysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial artery embolization', 'BAE']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['bronchial artery embolization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause and mode of transmission of a @entity1902 outbreak in a village, Henan province. METHODS: @entity1902 @entity1 were identified through family visits, interviewing the village doctors and reviewing diagnosis and prescription records at the village health clinic. Cases were defined as onset of one of the four symptoms from the village resident during July 20 to August 12, 2010. The symptoms would include @entity294 (>=  3 times/day), @entity490 , @entity390 or @entity391 . A retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the association between drinking raw well water or eating noodles rinsed by raw well water and @entity1902 . @entity391 of the case- @entity1 and the well water samples were tested for bacterial pathogens. RESULTS: Data for 60 case- @entity1 were collected. All cases occurred in the northern part of the village. @entity1 who used water from a public well in the northern part of the village had an attack rate of 55%, which was 3.5 times of those who did not use the well water (16%) (RR = 3.5, 95%CI: 1.2 - 10). Results from the retrospective cohort study showed that drinking un-boiled water from the well was a risk factor (RR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.3 - 2.3). Laboratory testing showed that total coliform and @entity526 both greatly exceeded the limit considered safe for drinking, indicating there was fecal contamination in the well water. No bacterial pathogens were detected in the @entity1 ' @entity391 . CONCLUSION: The outbreak was mainly caused by drinking contaminated water from the public well in the northern part of the village.

title: [An outbreak of XXXX caused by contaminated well water in a village, Henan province.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'stools or vomits', 'Stools or vomits']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'Gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protein @entity4149 kinase Tec, a kind of non-receptor @entity4149 kinase, is primarily found to be expressed in T cells, B cells, hematopoietic cells, and liver cells as a cytoplasmic protein. Tec has been proved to be a critical modulator of T cell receptor signaling pathway. In the present study, a homolog of Tec was identified in the lamprey, Lampetra japonica. The full-length Tec cDNA of @entity8470 (Lja-Tec) contains a 1923 bp open reading frame that encodes a 641- @entity3689 protein. The multi-alignment of the deduced @entity3689 sequence of Lja-Tec with typical vertebrate Tecs showed that it possesses all conserved domains of the Tec family proteins, indicating that an ortholog of Tec exists in the extant jawless vertebrate. In the phylogenetic tree that was reconstructed with 24 homologs of jawless and jawed vertebrates, the Tecs from lampreys and @entity14994 were clustered as a single clade. The genetic distance between the outgroup and agnathan Tecs' group is closer than that between outgroup and gnathostome Tecs' group, indicating that its origin was far earlier than any of the jawed vertebrates. The mRNA levels of Lja-Tec in lymphocyte-like cells and gills were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that it was significantly upregulated under stimulation with mixed pathogens. This result was further confirmed by western blot analysis. All these results indicated that Lja-Tec plays an important role in immune response. Our data will provide a reference for the further study of lamprey Tec and its immunological function in jawless vertebrates.

title: A novel protein XXXX kinase Tec identified in lamprey, Lampetra japonica.

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: RATIONALE: Malignant @entity1224 is commonly found in @entity1 with @entity2 and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Relieving @entity5 may improve symptoms, quality of life, and life expectancy. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyze our experience with bronchoscopic endobronchial intratumoral injection of @entity900 for @entity1224 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity1224 treated with bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of @entity900 . @entity1 characteristics, histology, degree of @entity1224 , procedural methods, treatment cycles, performance status, and therapeutic outcomes were evaluated. @entity5 response was analyzed based on bronchoscopic measurements performed on completion the of final treatment session. Adverse events and overall survival were abstracted. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Between January 2009 and September 2014, 22 @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean age        SD, 64.4        9.5 yr) were treated with one to four injections of 40 mg of @entity900 mixed in 40 ml of 0.9% @entity4202 . Treatments were completed 1 week apart. The primary etiologies of @entity1224 included @entity957 (n   =   11), @entity420 (n   =   6), @entity4153 (n   =   2), large cell undifferentiated @entity189 (n   =   1), and metastatic @entity5 (n   =   2). Twenty-one of 22 @entity1 were evaluable for response. The majority of @entity1 (15/21, 71.4%) responded to therapy, defined as greater than 50% relative reduction in obstruction from baseline. Treatment response was obtained regardless of @entity5 histology, concurrent systemic therapy, number of treatment cycles administered, performance status, or use of additional ablative interventions. Responders had significantly improved overall survival as compared with nonresponders, although the difference was small. Severe treatment-related side effects or complications were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Subject to the limitations of a single-center retrospective study and a subjective primary outcome measure, we have demonstrated the feasibility of improving the patency of central airways that are largely or completely occluded by @entity5 using intraluminal injection of @entity900 . Additional longer-term, larger-scale safety and comparative effectiveness studies of this palliative treatment modality are warranted.

title: Restoration of Patency to Central Airways Occluded by Malignant Endobronchial Tumors Using Intratumoral Injection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endobronchial malignant tumor', 'Tumor', 'endobronchial cancer', 'malignant obstruction']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['malignant airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity565 phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity565 from different regions of @entity233 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1400 adult @entity748 @entity1 (mean (SD) age: 44.0 (13.9) years, 75% females) from 14 centers across @entity233 were included in this study and a standard questionnaire was applied between the time period of February 2011 -January 2012 . RESULTS: The disease onset   >=    40 years of age was higher percentage in @entity28 vs. normal/overweight @entity1 and non- @entity56 vs. @entity56 @entity1 (p<0.01). The percentage of @entity1 who had FEV1 values over 80% was higher in @entity56 than non- @entity56 and normal/overweight than @entity28 @entity1 (p<0.01). Uncontrolled asthmatics have more severe disease (p<0.01). There were more frequent hospital admissions in non- @entity56 and uncontrolled asthmatics (p<0.01). @entity102 was the leading co-morbid disorder in normal/overweight and @entity56 , while GERD was more frequent in non- @entity56 and uncontrolled @entity565 (p<0.01). Asthma control rate was the highest (39.0%) in @entity1 from Marmara region among all geographical regions (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings revealed existence of clinical/trigger related phenotypes based on BMI, @entity56 status, control level and geographical region with more frequent @entity1576 and/or adverse health outcomes in uncontrolled, @entity28 and non- @entity56 phenotypes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Asthma Phenotypes in XXXX : A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Adult Asthmatics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic rhino-sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The study investigated the geographic variation of mortality risk for @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) in order to identify potential high-risk areas near an Italian petrochemical refinery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted and residential histories for 171 cases and 338 sex- and age-matched controls were collected. Confounding factors were obtained from interviews with consenting relatives for 109 HM deaths and 267 controls. To produce risk mortality maps, two different approaches were applied and compared. We mapped (1) adaptive kernel density relative risk estimation for case-control studies which estimates a spatial relative risk function using the ratio between cases and controls' densities, and (2) estimated odds ratios for case-control study data using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to smooth the effect of location, a proxy for exposure, while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS: No high-risk areas for HM mortality were identified among all subjects ( @entity1 and @entity1 combined), by applying both approaches. Using the adaptive KDE approach, we found a significant increase in death risk only among @entity1 in a large area 2-6km southeast of the refinery and the application of GAMs also identified a similarly-located significant high-risk area among @entity1 only (global p-value<0.025). Potential confounding risk factors we considered in the GAM did not alter the results. CONCLUSION: Both approaches identified a high-risk area close to the refinery among @entity1 only. Those spatial methods are useful tools for public policy management to determine priority areas for intervention. Our findings suggest several directions for further research in order to identify other potential environmental exposures that may be assessed in forthcoming studies based on detailed exposure modeling.

title: Spatial variation in mortality risk for XXXX near a petrochemical refinery: A population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies', 'HMs']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few data comparing endoscopic treatment outcomes for @entity355 ( @entity355 ). OBJECTIVE: To compare treatment outcomes in @entity355 @entity1 treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), RFA after EMR, and porfimer @entity1372 photodynamic therapy (Ps- @entity4906 ). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Single tertiary center between 2001 and  2013. @entity1 : A total of 342 @entity355 @entity1 treated with RFA (n  = 119), EMR+RFA (n  = 98), and Ps-PDT (n  = 125). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Rates of complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM), @entity355 recurrence, and adverse events. RESULTS: Baseline @entity355 high-grade @entity1141 (HGD) and @entity420 were more common in the Ps-PDT group (89%) compared with the EMR-RFA (70%) and RFA (37%) groups. At a median follow-up of 14.2 months, 173 @entity1 (50.6%) achieved CRIM. CRIM was significantly more common in Ps-PDT @entity1 compared with RFA (P  < .001) and EMR-RFA (P  < .001) @entity1 on multivariable analysis. In @entity1 who achieved CRIM, the rates of subsequent @entity355 recurrence were relatively similar among the 3 groups. Although the rates of @entity548 were similar, strictures were less common in RFA @entity1 (2.4%) compared with EMR-RFA (13.3%, P  = .001) and Ps-PDT (10.4%, P  =.043) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study of endoscopic treatment for @entity355 and @entity5 found that complete remission was achieved more often and more rapidly after Ps-PDT with similar disease recurrence rates compared with EMR or RFA. Adverse events were more common after EMR and Ps-PDT. Further studies are required to determine which ablation and resection techniques are ideally suited for each @entity355 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of endoscopic treatment modalities for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's dysplasia", "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's neoplasia']


abstract: @entity5 is a disease consisting of both genetic and epigenetic changes. Although increasing evidence demonstrates that @entity5 progression entails chromatin-mediated changes such as DNA methylation, the role of histone variants in @entity5 initiation and progression currently remains unclear. Histone variants replace conventional histones within the nucleosome and confer unique biological functions to chromatin. Here we report that the histone variant macroH2A (mH2A) suppresses @entity5 progression of @entity320 . Loss of mH2A isoforms, histone variants generally associated with condensed chromatin and fine-tuning of developmental gene expression programs, is positively correlated with increasing malignant phenotype of @entity320 cells in culture and @entity1 tissue samples. Knockdown of mH2A isoforms in @entity320 cells of low malignancy results in significantly increased proliferation and migration in vitro and growth and @entity3 in vivo. Restored expression of mH2A isoforms rescues these malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the @entity5 -promoting function of mH2A loss is mediated, at least in part, through direct transcriptional upregulation of @entity41183 . Suppression of @entity41183 , a @entity14 oncogene, inhibits proliferation of @entity320 cells, and knockdown of @entity41183 in cells depleted of mH2A suppresses the proliferative advantage induced by mH2A loss. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation between mH2A and @entity41183 expression levels exists in @entity320 @entity1 samples. Taken together, our results demonstrate that mH2A is a critical component of chromatin that suppresses the development of @entity320 , a highly intractable cutaneous @entity5 .

title: The histone variant macroH2A suppresses XXXX progression through regulation of @entity41183 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity5 is a disease consisting of both genetic and epigenetic changes. Although increasing evidence demonstrates that @entity5 progression entails chromatin-mediated changes such as DNA methylation, the role of histone variants in @entity5 initiation and progression currently remains unclear. Histone variants replace conventional histones within the nucleosome and confer unique biological functions to chromatin. Here we report that the histone variant macroH2A (mH2A) suppresses @entity5 progression of @entity320 . Loss of mH2A isoforms, histone variants generally associated with condensed chromatin and fine-tuning of developmental gene expression programs, is positively correlated with increasing malignant phenotype of @entity320 cells in culture and @entity1 tissue samples. Knockdown of mH2A isoforms in @entity320 cells of low malignancy results in significantly increased proliferation and migration in vitro and growth and @entity3 in vivo. Restored expression of mH2A isoforms rescues these malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the @entity5 -promoting function of mH2A loss is mediated, at least in part, through direct transcriptional upregulation of @entity41183 . Suppression of @entity41183 , a @entity14 oncogene, inhibits proliferation of @entity320 cells, and knockdown of @entity41183 in cells depleted of mH2A suppresses the proliferative advantage induced by mH2A loss. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation between mH2A and @entity41183 expression levels exists in @entity320 @entity1 samples. Taken together, our results demonstrate that mH2A is a critical component of chromatin that suppresses the development of @entity320 , a highly intractable cutaneous @entity5 .

title: The histone variant macroH2A suppresses @entity320 progression through regulation of XXXX .

answer: @entity41183 :: (1024,Gene) :: ['CDK8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phenotypic alteration of vascular @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) in response to @entity32 is an essential component of @entity455 . Evidence suggests that this process is dependent on epigenetic regulatory processes. @entity3493 , a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), activates crucial muscle-specific promoters in terminal (non- @entity3960 ) myocyte differentiation, and may be essential to @entity3960 modulation as well. RESULTS: We performed a subanalysis examining transcriptional time-course microarray data obtained using the A404 model of @entity3960 differentiation. Numerous chromatin remodeling genes (up to 62% of such genes on our array platform) showed significant regulation during differentiation. Members of several chromatin-remodeling families demonstrated involvement, including factors instrumental in histone modification, chromatin assembly-disassembly and DNA silencing, suggesting complex, multi-level systemic epigenetic regulation. Further, @entity3996 , a histone deacetylase inhibitor, accelerated expression of @entity3960 differentiation markers in this model. Ontology analysis indicated a high degree of @entity3493 involvement in @entity3960 differentiation, with 60.7% of the known @entity3493 interactome showing significant expression changes. Knockdown of @entity3493 expression accelerated @entity3960 differentiation in A404 cells and @entity1 SMCs, while inhibition of @entity3493 activity blunted @entity3960 differentiation. The results suggest a central but complex role for @entity3493 in @entity3960 phenotypic modulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that chromatin remodeling is important for @entity3960 phenotypic switching, and detail wide-ranging involvement of several epigenetic modification families. Additionally, the transcriptional coactivator @entity3493 may be partially degraded during @entity3960 differentiation, leaving an activated subpopulation with increased HAT activity and @entity3960 differentiation-gene specificity.

title: Chromatin remodeling pathways in smooth muscle cell differentiation, and evidence for an integral role for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cells', 'SMC']

answer: @entity3493 :: (2033,Gene) :: ['p300']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity683 virus isolates after cell culture are required to determine their susceptibility to @entity689 inhibitors, the differences in normal or low-susceptibility variant population frequencies between clinical samples and isolates have not been considered. OBJECTIVES: To identify variations in low-susceptibility populations in clinical samples after initiation of @entity684 and @entity685 therapy by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). STUDY DESIGN: We measured the populations of the low-susceptibility @entity683 H3N2 variants @entity43739 and @entity39723 by qRT-PCR using 305 nasal aspiration samples collected over time from 13, 16, and 11 @entity1 treated with no @entity689 inhibitors, @entity684 , and @entity685 , respectively. The variant population in the isolates was also determined when the population of low-susceptibility variants in the clinical samples increased following treatment. Moreover, the susceptibility of all isolates was measured. RESULTS: The @entity43739 variant was detected in only one @entity1 during @entity684 therapy, exhibiting decreased susceptibility to @entity684 . Prior to treatment, @entity39723 variants were detected in all clinical samples; however, they comprised only a small fraction of the total population. The proportion of the @entity39723 variant in clinical samples increased for 6/27 (22.2%) @entity1 treated with @entity684 or @entity685 , whereas an increase in the proportion of the @entity39723 variant in virus isolates was observed in only one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies in the proportion of @entity39723 variants between clinical samples and isolates should be suspected in clinical settings. qRT-PCR is useful for quantitative analysis of drug-resistant @entity683 virus and for immediate notification of the result.

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity683 (H3N2) @entity43739 and XXXX variants in clinical specimens by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

answer: @entity39723 :: (p|SUB|R|292|K,ProteinMutation) :: ['R292K']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity683 virus isolates after cell culture are required to determine their susceptibility to @entity689 inhibitors, the differences in normal or low-susceptibility variant population frequencies between clinical samples and isolates have not been considered. OBJECTIVES: To identify variations in low-susceptibility populations in clinical samples after initiation of @entity684 and @entity685 therapy by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). STUDY DESIGN: We measured the populations of the low-susceptibility @entity683 H3N2 variants @entity43739 and @entity39723 by qRT-PCR using 305 nasal aspiration samples collected over time from 13, 16, and 11 @entity1 treated with no @entity689 inhibitors, @entity684 , and @entity685 , respectively. The variant population in the isolates was also determined when the population of low-susceptibility variants in the clinical samples increased following treatment. Moreover, the susceptibility of all isolates was measured. RESULTS: The @entity43739 variant was detected in only one @entity1 during @entity684 therapy, exhibiting decreased susceptibility to @entity684 . Prior to treatment, @entity39723 variants were detected in all clinical samples; however, they comprised only a small fraction of the total population. The proportion of the @entity39723 variant in clinical samples increased for 6/27 (22.2%) @entity1 treated with @entity684 or @entity685 , whereas an increase in the proportion of the @entity39723 variant in virus isolates was observed in only one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies in the proportion of @entity39723 variants between clinical samples and isolates should be suspected in clinical settings. qRT-PCR is useful for quantitative analysis of drug-resistant @entity683 virus and for immediate notification of the result.

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity683 (H3N2) XXXX and @entity39723 variants in clinical specimens by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity43739 :: (p|SUB|E|119|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['E119V']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity683 virus isolates after cell culture are required to determine their susceptibility to @entity689 inhibitors, the differences in normal or low-susceptibility variant population frequencies between clinical samples and isolates have not been considered. OBJECTIVES: To identify variations in low-susceptibility populations in clinical samples after initiation of @entity684 and @entity685 therapy by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). STUDY DESIGN: We measured the populations of the low-susceptibility @entity683 H3N2 variants @entity43739 and @entity39723 by qRT-PCR using 305 nasal aspiration samples collected over time from 13, 16, and 11 @entity1 treated with no @entity689 inhibitors, @entity684 , and @entity685 , respectively. The variant population in the isolates was also determined when the population of low-susceptibility variants in the clinical samples increased following treatment. Moreover, the susceptibility of all isolates was measured. RESULTS: The @entity43739 variant was detected in only one @entity1 during @entity684 therapy, exhibiting decreased susceptibility to @entity684 . Prior to treatment, @entity39723 variants were detected in all clinical samples; however, they comprised only a small fraction of the total population. The proportion of the @entity39723 variant in clinical samples increased for 6/27 (22.2%) @entity1 treated with @entity684 or @entity685 , whereas an increase in the proportion of the @entity39723 variant in virus isolates was observed in only one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies in the proportion of @entity39723 variants between clinical samples and isolates should be suspected in clinical settings. qRT-PCR is useful for quantitative analysis of drug-resistant @entity683 virus and for immediate notification of the result.

title: Quantitative analysis of XXXX (H3N2) @entity43739 and @entity39723 variants in clinical specimens by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There are no guidelines regarding the surgical approach for spontaneous pneumothorax. It has been reported, however, that the risk of recurrence following video-assisted thoracic surgery is higher than that following open thoracotomy (OT). The objective of this study was to determine whether this higher risk of recurrence following video-assisted thoracic surgery could be attributable to differences in intraoperative parenchymal resection and the pleurodesis technique. METHODS: Data for 7647 @entity1 operated on for primary or secondary spontaneous pneumothorax between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2012 were extracted from Epithor  , the French national database. The type of pleurodesis and parenchymal resection was collected. Outcomes were (i) @entity548 , defined as postoperative @entity548 ; (ii) @entity358 , defined as @entity891 , @entity55 , @entity3509 , prolonged ventilation, acute @entity649 and prolonged air leaks; (iii) in-hospital length of stay and (iv) recurrence, defined as chest drainage or surgery for a second pneumothorax. RESULTS: Of note, 6643 @entity1 underwent videothoracoscopy and 1004 @entity1 underwent OT. When compared with the thoracotomy group, the videothoracoscopy group was associated with more parenchymal resections (62.4 vs 80%, P = 0.01), fewer mechanical pleurodesis procedures (93 vs 77.5%, P < 10(-3)), fewer @entity260 (12 vs 8.2%, P = 0.01), fewer cases of postoperative @entity548 (2.3 vs 1.4%, P = 0.04) and shorter hospital lengths of stay (16 vs 9 days, P = 0.01). The recurrence rate was 1.8% (n = 18) in the thoracotomy group versus 3.8% (n = 254) in the videothoracoscopy group (P = 0.01). The median time between surgery and recurrence was 3 months (range: 1-76 months). CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical management of spontaneous pneumothorax, videothoracoscopy is associated with a higher rate of recurrence than OT. This difference might be attributable to differences in the pleurodesis technique rather than differences in the parenchymal resection.

title: Surgical management of spontaneous pneumothorax: are there any prognostic factors influencing XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'pleural bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and pleural complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep quality and quantity are severely reduced in @entity3124 @entity1 receiving mechanical ventilation with a potential for adverse consequences. Our objective was to synthesize the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that measured the efficacy of sleep-promoting interventions on sleep quality and quantity in @entity3124 @entity1 . METHODS: We included RCTs that objectively measured sleep with electroencephalography or its derivatives and excluded observational studies and those that measured sleep by subjective reports. The research was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Of 6022 studies identified, 13 met eligibility criteria involving 296 @entity3124 @entity1 . Eight trials looked at different modes of mechanical ventilation as sleep interventions, and the remaining 5  involved pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, or environmental interventions. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that sleep-promoting interventions improved sleep quantity (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.69; P  = .02) and sleep quality through reduction in @entity1949 (SMD,  -0.31; 95% CI,  -0.60 to  -0.01; P  = .04). Subgroup analysis revealed that timed modes of ventilation improved sleep quantity when compared with @entity15131 (SMD, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.10-0.81; P  = .01). Nonmechanical ventilation interventions tended to improve sleep quantity (SMD, 0.65; 95% CI,  -0.03 to 1.33; P  = .06) and to reduce @entity1949 (SMD,  -0.29; 95% CI,  -0.61 to 0.03; P  = .07). CONCLUSIONS: The synthesized evidence suggests that both mechanical ventilation- and nonmechanical ventilation-based therapies improve sleep quantity and quality in @entity3124 @entity1 , but the clinical significance is unclear. In the future, adequately powered multicenter RCTs involving pharmacologic interventions to promote sleep in @entity3124 @entity1 are warranted.

title: A Meta-analysis of Sleep-promoting Interventions During XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous modes of ventilation']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critical Illness']


abstract: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of @entity1 @entity150 has revealed many gene alterations compared with normal tissue, with most being predicted to be "loss of function." However, given the high number of alterations, evaluating the functional impact of each is impractical. Here, we develop and use a high-throughput, in vivo strategy to determine which alterations are loss of function in @entity5 growth suppressors. Genes reported as altered by NGS in @entity150 @entity1 were bioinformatically processed by MutationTaster and MutationAssessor, with 283 predicted as loss of function. An shRNA lentiviral library targeting these genes was transduced into @entity1 cells, a nontumorigenic @entity1 @entity150 cell line, followed by injection into @entity19 . @entity5 that arose were sequenced and the dominant shRNA constructs were found to target @entity52043 , @entity39195 , @entity73073 , @entity21121 , and @entity73074 genes. In vitro validation experiments revealed that shRNA molecules directed at @entity52043 showed the most profound increase in anchorage-independent growth of @entity1 cells. The clinical relevance of @entity52043 as a @entity5 growth suppressor is supported by the finding that its expression is lower in @entity150 compared with benign @entity1 urothelium in multiple independent datasets. Lower @entity52043 protein expression associated with higher @entity5 grade and decreased @entity1 survival. Finally, depletion of @entity52043 leads to increased @entity2534 with @entity2533 signaling, explaining in part how reduced @entity52043 promotes @entity5 growth. These findings suggest @entity52043 is a @entity150 growth suppressor that works via modulating @entity2533 signaling and is a potentially clinically useful biomarker. IMPLICATIONS: This study used gene mutation information from @entity1 -derived @entity150 specimens to inform the development of a screen used to identify novel @entity5 growth suppressors. This included identification of the protein @entity52043 as a potent @entity150 growth suppressor. Mol Cancer Res; 13(9); 1306-15.   2015 AACR.

title: @entity1 Mutation Directed shRNA Screen Uncovers Novel XXXX Growth Suppressors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'T24']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Tumor']