abstract: @entity7261 are very rarely seen and are often associated with @entity1318 , @entity4423 , and a high resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different treatment options for @entity1 with @entity7261 . @entity1 with an @entity7261 were divided into two treatment groups: surgical and nonsurgical. Retrospective chart review was performed, and a symptom questionnaire was created. There were six @entity1 in the nonsurgical group and 11 @entity1 in the surgical group. The mean follow-up was 26.4 months. Ten @entity1 had a laparoscopic operation performed. One @entity1 was operated on thoracoscopically and had to be converted to a thoracotomy. Two diverticula were inverted with good results. There was one postoperative esophageal leak where no myotomy was added. An @entity3509 developed in another @entity1 at 4 weeks after surgery. One @entity1 , in whom no antireflux procedure was performed, reported postoperative heartburn. @entity1 in the nonsurgical group had smaller diverticula, were not good candidates for surgery, or were asymptomatic. Esophageal diverticula are very rarely seen. Asymptomatic @entity1 may not require therapy. If surgery is performed and the diverticulum is large, it should be removed. The laparoscopic approach is the surgical treatment of choice. A long myotomy and an antireflux procedure should be added to avoid esophageal leakage at the line of repair and @entity354 .

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['epiphrenic diverticulum', 'epiphrenic diverticula', 'Epiphrenic diverticula']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal body dysmotility']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['epiphrenic diverticula']


abstract: Opiates are potent analgesic and addictive compounds. They also act on immune responses, and @entity1286 , the prototypic opiate, has been repeatedly described as an immunosuppressive drug. Pharmacological studies have suggested that the inhibitory action of opiates on immunity is mediated by multiple opioid receptor sites but molecular evidence has remained elusive. Recently, three genes encoding mu- ( @entity16119 ), delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors have been cloned. To investigate whether the mu-opioid receptor is functionally implicated in @entity1286 immunosuppression in vivo, we have examined immune responses of @entity19 with a genetic disruption of the @entity16119 gene. In the absence of drug, there was no difference between wild-type and mutant @entity19 with regard to a large number of immunological endpoints, suggesting that the lack of @entity16119 -encoded protein has little consequence on immune status. Chronic @entity1286 administration induced lymphoid organ atrophy, diminished the ratio of @entity1961 (+)CD8(+) cells in the thymus and strongly reduced natural killer activity in wild-type @entity19 . None of these effects was observed in @entity16119 -deficient @entity19 after @entity1286 treatment. This demonstrates that the @entity16119 gene product represents a major molecular target for @entity1286 action on the immune system. Because our previous studies of @entity16119 -deficient @entity19 have shown that this receptor protein is also responsible for @entity1286 @entity1337 , reward, and physical dependence, the present results imply that @entity16119 -targeted therapeutic drugs that are developed for the treatment of @entity158 or @entity4784 may concomitantly influence immune responses.

title: Abolition of XXXX -immunosuppression in @entity19 lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opiate addiction']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: Opiates are potent analgesic and addictive compounds. They also act on immune responses, and @entity1286 , the prototypic opiate, has been repeatedly described as an immunosuppressive drug. Pharmacological studies have suggested that the inhibitory action of opiates on immunity is mediated by multiple opioid receptor sites but molecular evidence has remained elusive. Recently, three genes encoding mu- ( @entity16119 ), delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors have been cloned. To investigate whether the mu-opioid receptor is functionally implicated in @entity1286 immunosuppression in vivo, we have examined immune responses of @entity19 with a genetic disruption of the @entity16119 gene. In the absence of drug, there was no difference between wild-type and mutant @entity19 with regard to a large number of immunological endpoints, suggesting that the lack of @entity16119 -encoded protein has little consequence on immune status. Chronic @entity1286 administration induced lymphoid organ atrophy, diminished the ratio of @entity1961 (+)CD8(+) cells in the thymus and strongly reduced natural killer activity in wild-type @entity19 . None of these effects was observed in @entity16119 -deficient @entity19 after @entity1286 treatment. This demonstrates that the @entity16119 gene product represents a major molecular target for @entity1286 action on the immune system. Because our previous studies of @entity16119 -deficient @entity19 have shown that this receptor protein is also responsible for @entity1286 @entity1337 , reward, and physical dependence, the present results imply that @entity16119 -targeted therapeutic drugs that are developed for the treatment of @entity158 or @entity4784 may concomitantly influence immune responses.

title: Abolition of @entity1286 -immunosuppression in XXXX lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ) resulting from @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is common in elderly @entity1 , and significantly reduces their quality of life. Myocardial revascularisation procedures in this age group entail significant risks, largely related to comorbidities rather than advanced age itself. Coronary artery anatomy is more likely to be technically unsuitable for revascularisation and angina more resistant to drug treatment. Therefore, elderly @entity1 often take combinations of antianginal drugs. @entity460 channel antagonists (CCAs) are effective antianginal drugs first introduced for clinical use in the late 1970's. They reduce @entity296 by both causing vasodilatation of coronary resistance vessels and reducing cardiac workload (negative inotropic effect). However, adverse effects related to abrupt arterial vasodilatation limited the tolerability of these short acting 'first generation' drugs ( @entity594 , @entity1855 and @entity3988 ). Furthermore, short acting @entity594 may occasionally increase both the frequency of @entity951 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity453 . Since then, long acting formulations of first generation agents and new chemical entities (second and third generation drugs) have been developed. These are well tolerated and effective at attenuating both @entity296 and the frequency and severity of @entity951 in most @entity1 with stable @entity453 . Current guidelines on the drug treatment of @entity5749 propose that beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) should be used as first line medication primarily for their prognostic benefits, and that CCAs need only be introduced if beta-blockers are not tolerated, contraindicated or ineffective. Despite this, there is a wealth of evidence from clinical trials that demonstrate equal antianginal efficacy for CCAs and beta-blockers. The presence of chronic @entity712 and prior @entity583 are clear indications for the use of beta-blockers in preference to CCAs for the treatment of @entity5749 . However, in @entity1 with both @entity5749 and @entity101 , second and third generation CCAs may offer prognostic benefits of similar magnitude to those provided by beta-blockers. Therefore, antianginal drug therapy must be tailored to the individual needs and comorbidities of each elderly @entity1 .

title: Drug treatment of stable XXXX in the elderly: defining the place of @entity460 channel antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic stable angina pectoris', 'CSAP']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ) resulting from @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is common in elderly @entity1 , and significantly reduces their quality of life. Myocardial revascularisation procedures in this age group entail significant risks, largely related to comorbidities rather than advanced age itself. Coronary artery anatomy is more likely to be technically unsuitable for revascularisation and angina more resistant to drug treatment. Therefore, elderly @entity1 often take combinations of antianginal drugs. @entity460 channel antagonists (CCAs) are effective antianginal drugs first introduced for clinical use in the late 1970's. They reduce @entity296 by both causing vasodilatation of coronary resistance vessels and reducing cardiac workload (negative inotropic effect). However, adverse effects related to abrupt arterial vasodilatation limited the tolerability of these short acting 'first generation' drugs ( @entity594 , @entity1855 and @entity3988 ). Furthermore, short acting @entity594 may occasionally increase both the frequency of @entity951 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity453 . Since then, long acting formulations of first generation agents and new chemical entities (second and third generation drugs) have been developed. These are well tolerated and effective at attenuating both @entity296 and the frequency and severity of @entity951 in most @entity1 with stable @entity453 . Current guidelines on the drug treatment of @entity5749 propose that beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) should be used as first line medication primarily for their prognostic benefits, and that CCAs need only be introduced if beta-blockers are not tolerated, contraindicated or ineffective. Despite this, there is a wealth of evidence from clinical trials that demonstrate equal antianginal efficacy for CCAs and beta-blockers. The presence of chronic @entity712 and prior @entity583 are clear indications for the use of beta-blockers in preference to CCAs for the treatment of @entity5749 . However, in @entity1 with both @entity5749 and @entity101 , second and third generation CCAs may offer prognostic benefits of similar magnitude to those provided by beta-blockers. Therefore, antianginal drug therapy must be tailored to the individual needs and comorbidities of each elderly @entity1 .

title: Drug treatment of stable @entity951 in the elderly: defining the place of XXXX channel antagonists.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Mutant @entity1991 -deficient B cells from knockout @entity19 lacking @entity1992 , @entity1991 / @entity1991 or the transactivation domain of @entity16181 exhibit distinct and selective cell-intrinsic defects in their ability to undergo class switch recombination ( @entity43329 ) to specific Ig isotypes. This isotype-specific requirement for particular @entity1991 transcription factors in B cells activated to undergo @entity43329 is intriguing because the @entity1991 composition in B cells is also highly regulated and can vary significantly depending upon how B cells are activated. These studies prompted us to test by retroviral transduction of normal B cells whether changes in the @entity1991 composition in activated B cells could modulate cytokine-driven @entity43329 . @entity26336 , @entity1992 , @entity16181 , @entity1991 and @entity28348 were first expressed in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary B cells and then induced by cytokine addition to undergo @entity43329 to @entity9686 , IgE, @entity9749 , @entity10986 or IgA. Surprisingly, only retroviral expression of @entity26336 altered @entity43329 , resulting in a 3-fold decrease in @entity43329 to @entity9686 induced by @entity58 . This effect was isotype specific as @entity26336 expression did not affect @entity43329 to IgE within the same culture or to other isotypes tested. The transactivation domain of @entity26336 was required for inhibition of @entity43329 to @entity9686 . Expression of @entity1991 - @entity26336 or @entity28348 - @entity26336 dimers joined covalently by a flexible peptide linker also specifically inhibited @entity9686 @entity43329 . @entity26336 -mediated inhibition of @entity9686 @entity43329 was associated with a decrease in germline gamma1 transcription, but not with changes in proliferation as assayed by CFSE labeling. Thus, @entity26336 complexes can specifically inhibit @entity43329 to @entity9686 , but not IgE, in activated, primary B cells.

title: Regulation of Ig class switch recombination by @entity1991 : retroviral expression of XXXX in activated B cells inhibits switching to @entity9686 , but not to IgE.

answer: @entity26336 :: (19698(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RelB']


abstract: Mutant @entity1991 -deficient B cells from knockout @entity19 lacking @entity1992 , @entity1991 / @entity1991 or the transactivation domain of @entity16181 exhibit distinct and selective cell-intrinsic defects in their ability to undergo class switch recombination ( @entity43329 ) to specific Ig isotypes. This isotype-specific requirement for particular @entity1991 transcription factors in B cells activated to undergo @entity43329 is intriguing because the @entity1991 composition in B cells is also highly regulated and can vary significantly depending upon how B cells are activated. These studies prompted us to test by retroviral transduction of normal B cells whether changes in the @entity1991 composition in activated B cells could modulate cytokine-driven @entity43329 . @entity26336 , @entity1992 , @entity16181 , @entity1991 and @entity28348 were first expressed in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary B cells and then induced by cytokine addition to undergo @entity43329 to @entity9686 , IgE, @entity9749 , @entity10986 or IgA. Surprisingly, only retroviral expression of @entity26336 altered @entity43329 , resulting in a 3-fold decrease in @entity43329 to @entity9686 induced by @entity58 . This effect was isotype specific as @entity26336 expression did not affect @entity43329 to IgE within the same culture or to other isotypes tested. The transactivation domain of @entity26336 was required for inhibition of @entity43329 to @entity9686 . Expression of @entity1991 - @entity26336 or @entity28348 - @entity26336 dimers joined covalently by a flexible peptide linker also specifically inhibited @entity9686 @entity43329 . @entity26336 -mediated inhibition of @entity9686 @entity43329 was associated with a decrease in germline gamma1 transcription, but not with changes in proliferation as assayed by CFSE labeling. Thus, @entity26336 complexes can specifically inhibit @entity43329 to @entity9686 , but not IgE, in activated, primary B cells.

title: Regulation of Ig class switch recombination by @entity1991 : retroviral expression of @entity26336 in activated B cells inhibits switching to XXXX , but not to IgE.

answer: @entity9686 :: (16017(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IgG1']


abstract: Mutant @entity1991 -deficient B cells from knockout @entity19 lacking @entity1992 , @entity1991 / @entity1991 or the transactivation domain of @entity16181 exhibit distinct and selective cell-intrinsic defects in their ability to undergo class switch recombination ( @entity43329 ) to specific Ig isotypes. This isotype-specific requirement for particular @entity1991 transcription factors in B cells activated to undergo @entity43329 is intriguing because the @entity1991 composition in B cells is also highly regulated and can vary significantly depending upon how B cells are activated. These studies prompted us to test by retroviral transduction of normal B cells whether changes in the @entity1991 composition in activated B cells could modulate cytokine-driven @entity43329 . @entity26336 , @entity1992 , @entity16181 , @entity1991 and @entity28348 were first expressed in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary B cells and then induced by cytokine addition to undergo @entity43329 to @entity9686 , IgE, @entity9749 , @entity10986 or IgA. Surprisingly, only retroviral expression of @entity26336 altered @entity43329 , resulting in a 3-fold decrease in @entity43329 to @entity9686 induced by @entity58 . This effect was isotype specific as @entity26336 expression did not affect @entity43329 to IgE within the same culture or to other isotypes tested. The transactivation domain of @entity26336 was required for inhibition of @entity43329 to @entity9686 . Expression of @entity1991 - @entity26336 or @entity28348 - @entity26336 dimers joined covalently by a flexible peptide linker also specifically inhibited @entity9686 @entity43329 . @entity26336 -mediated inhibition of @entity9686 @entity43329 was associated with a decrease in germline gamma1 transcription, but not with changes in proliferation as assayed by CFSE labeling. Thus, @entity26336 complexes can specifically inhibit @entity43329 to @entity9686 , but not IgE, in activated, primary B cells.

title: Regulation of Ig class switch recombination by XXXX : retroviral expression of @entity26336 in activated B cells inhibits switching to @entity9686 , but not to IgE.

answer: @entity1991 :: (18033(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NF-kappaB']


abstract: The @entity803 family includes @entity803 , @entity3403 and @entity1214 , all of which have been used as antibiotics effectively for decades. New uses emerged for these compounds after their effect on mitochondrial function was discovered. Cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of these compounds was shown against cell lines of @entity5 origins. In addition, @entity2930 and chemically modified @entity2930 inhibit the activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Given the importance of these enzymes in @entity5 cell invasion and metastatic ability, the potential use of @entity2930 in @entity5 therapy needed to be investigated. Col-3, a chemically modified @entity803 , is now the subject of clinical trials in @entity5 @entity1 . However, the potential of @entity2930 in @entity5 therapy takes on an added dimension in the bone. MMPs have been shown to be important mediators of @entity3 formation in the bone, contributing largely to the morbidity of @entity0 and @entity263 @entity1 . The natural osteotropism of @entity2930 would allow them to be highly effective in the inhibition of MMPs produced by osteoclasts or @entity5 cells in the bone. This hypothesis has now been confirmed by experimental evidence showing that @entity3403 reduces @entity5 burden in a @entity19 model of @entity0 -derived osteolytic bone @entity3 . This effect is likely due to a combination of multiple roles of @entity3403 , including MMP inhibition and a negative effect on osteoclast differentiation and survival. These encouraging results have now paved the way for an ongoing trial of @entity3403 in early combination therapy for @entity0 and @entity263 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and other @entity2930 in the treatment of bone @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'various tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['Doxycycline']


abstract: The @entity803 family includes @entity803 , @entity3403 and @entity1214 , all of which have been used as antibiotics effectively for decades. New uses emerged for these compounds after their effect on mitochondrial function was discovered. Cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of these compounds was shown against cell lines of @entity5 origins. In addition, @entity2930 and chemically modified @entity2930 inhibit the activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Given the importance of these enzymes in @entity5 cell invasion and metastatic ability, the potential use of @entity2930 in @entity5 therapy needed to be investigated. Col-3, a chemically modified @entity803 , is now the subject of clinical trials in @entity5 @entity1 . However, the potential of @entity2930 in @entity5 therapy takes on an added dimension in the bone. MMPs have been shown to be important mediators of @entity3 formation in the bone, contributing largely to the morbidity of @entity0 and @entity263 @entity1 . The natural osteotropism of @entity2930 would allow them to be highly effective in the inhibition of MMPs produced by osteoclasts or @entity5 cells in the bone. This hypothesis has now been confirmed by experimental evidence showing that @entity3403 reduces @entity5 burden in a @entity19 model of @entity0 -derived osteolytic bone @entity3 . This effect is likely due to a combination of multiple roles of @entity3403 , including MMP inhibition and a negative effect on osteoclast differentiation and survival. These encouraging results have now paved the way for an ongoing trial of @entity3403 in early combination therapy for @entity0 and @entity263 @entity1 .

title: @entity3403 and other XXXX in the treatment of bone @entity3 .

answer: @entity2930 :: (MESH:D013754,Chemical) :: ['tetracyclines']


abstract: The @entity803 family includes @entity803 , @entity3403 and @entity1214 , all of which have been used as antibiotics effectively for decades. New uses emerged for these compounds after their effect on mitochondrial function was discovered. Cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of these compounds was shown against cell lines of @entity5 origins. In addition, @entity2930 and chemically modified @entity2930 inhibit the activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Given the importance of these enzymes in @entity5 cell invasion and metastatic ability, the potential use of @entity2930 in @entity5 therapy needed to be investigated. Col-3, a chemically modified @entity803 , is now the subject of clinical trials in @entity5 @entity1 . However, the potential of @entity2930 in @entity5 therapy takes on an added dimension in the bone. MMPs have been shown to be important mediators of @entity3 formation in the bone, contributing largely to the morbidity of @entity0 and @entity263 @entity1 . The natural osteotropism of @entity2930 would allow them to be highly effective in the inhibition of MMPs produced by osteoclasts or @entity5 cells in the bone. This hypothesis has now been confirmed by experimental evidence showing that @entity3403 reduces @entity5 burden in a @entity19 model of @entity0 -derived osteolytic bone @entity3 . This effect is likely due to a combination of multiple roles of @entity3403 , including MMP inhibition and a negative effect on osteoclast differentiation and survival. These encouraging results have now paved the way for an ongoing trial of @entity3403 in early combination therapy for @entity0 and @entity263 @entity1 .

title: @entity3403 and other @entity2930 in the treatment of bone XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The emergence of sleep states is one of the most significant aspects of development. Descriptions of both neonatal and late fetal behavior and studies on the organization of sleep have shown that fetus and newborns exhibit spontaneously discrete and cyclic patterns of @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and quiet sleep (QS). @entity1 fetuses and neonates sleep most of their life, and @entity25 is the prevailing state even during the first postnatal months. Several hypotheses to explain central nervous system development consider that @entity25 is the expression of a basic activation program for the central nervous system that increases the functional competence of neurons, circuits, and complex patterns before the organism is called on to use them. Current results indicate the maturation of QS not only coincides with the formation of thalamocortical and intracortical patterns of innervation and periods of heightened synaptogenesis, since this sleep state is also associated with important processes in synaptic remodeling. In fact, several studies suggest that the information acquired during wakefulness is further processed during @entity25 and QS. This article reviews the processes involved in the timing of both @entity25 /QS and sleep/wake alternating patterns throughout early @entity1 development. A growing body of evidence indicates that the duration of unmodulated parental care and noncircadian environmental conditions may be detrimental for the establishment of these basic rhythmicities. As a consequence, alterations in parental/environmental entraining factors may well contribute to disturb sleep and feeding commonly experienced by preterm @entity1 . Further knowledge on the early establishment of sleep-wake states regulatory mechanisms is needed to improve modalities for appropriate stimulation in the developing @entity1 being.

title: Sleep-wake states and their regulatory mechanisms throughout early XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'active sleep']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Two different surgical methods for treating @entity2615 (pleurectomy and pleuro pneumonectomy) were reviewed. METHODS: This was a retrospective study from 1976 to 2001. Forty-six @entity1 , aged 35-80 years, received one of the following procedures: pleurectomy (n=29), or pleuro pneumonectomy (n=17). Pleurectomy was indicated in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity158 or @entity1143 while pleuro pneumonectomy was indicated in @entity1 with Butchart stage I or II disease and an acceptable cardiopulmonary reserve. @entity1 received either chemotherapy, radiation, or in combination after surgery. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 3.8% for pleurectomy @entity1 and 5.8% for pleuro pneumonectomy @entity1 . The median survival rate for pleurectomy @entity1 was 9 months, and 12 months for pleuro pneumonectomy @entity1 . Pleuro pneumonectomy @entity1 experienced less morbidity and had a shorter hospital stay than pleurectomy @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival was obtained with both procedures. Morbidity was higher in the @entity1 who underwent pleurectomy. Important prognostic factors include @entity5 stage, @entity5 histology, duration of symptoms, and @entity353 or @entity158 as a presenting symptom. @entity1 with a @entity5 stage, epithelial histology, absence of @entity158 or @entity353 , and a longer onset of symptoms had the best survival rate. A trend towards improved survival in @entity1 undergoing pleuro pneumonectomy and receiving radiation as adjuvant therapy was observed.

title: Treatment of XXXX in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'low tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Theoretical considerations and clinical experience suggest that dose-dense chemotherapy may be superior to other approaches using the same drugs. We studied a dose-dense combination of @entity632 and @entity786 , with or without @entity1487 , as adjuvant therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resected @entity0 were treated if they were node-positive and @entity172 receptor-negative, positive for overexpression of @entity1722 , or had four or more involved nodes. @entity632 was given weekly to a total dose of 480 mg/m(2). @entity786 60 mg/m(2) was given daily by mouth during the period of @entity632 treatment. The first 30 @entity1 received @entity1487 at 300 mg/m(2)/wk intravenously concurrently with @entity632 administration. In the last 22, it was omitted because of symptomatic @entity8566 in the majority of @entity1 . Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [ @entity1261 ]) was administered during chemotherapy every day except the day of intravenous administration and continued until 1 week after the completion of the chemotherapy. RESULTS: Between October 20, 1992, and June 10, 1997, we enrolled 52 @entity1 . The mean delivered dose-intensity for @entity632 was 18.6 mg/m(2)/wk. Hospitalization was required in 6% of @entity1 for reversible @entity1398 . There were no acute treatment-related @entity204 , but one @entity1 subsequently died of @entity3052 with a characteristic translocation for @entity4349 -related exposure. At 5 years, the event-free survival was 86% for all @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 75% to 95%). CONCLUSION: Continuous dose-dense chemotherapy with @entity1261 support produced encouraging results, which seem to be superior to those expected with "standard" @entity632 and @entity786 chemotherapy. It deserves a test in the form of a randomized trial where this approach to @entity4349 -based treatment is compared with intermittent administration.

title: Dose-dense @entity4349 -based chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['node-positive breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Theoretical considerations and clinical experience suggest that dose-dense chemotherapy may be superior to other approaches using the same drugs. We studied a dose-dense combination of @entity632 and @entity786 , with or without @entity1487 , as adjuvant therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resected @entity0 were treated if they were node-positive and @entity172 receptor-negative, positive for overexpression of @entity1722 , or had four or more involved nodes. @entity632 was given weekly to a total dose of 480 mg/m(2). @entity786 60 mg/m(2) was given daily by mouth during the period of @entity632 treatment. The first 30 @entity1 received @entity1487 at 300 mg/m(2)/wk intravenously concurrently with @entity632 administration. In the last 22, it was omitted because of symptomatic @entity8566 in the majority of @entity1 . Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [ @entity1261 ]) was administered during chemotherapy every day except the day of intravenous administration and continued until 1 week after the completion of the chemotherapy. RESULTS: Between October 20, 1992, and June 10, 1997, we enrolled 52 @entity1 . The mean delivered dose-intensity for @entity632 was 18.6 mg/m(2)/wk. Hospitalization was required in 6% of @entity1 for reversible @entity1398 . There were no acute treatment-related @entity204 , but one @entity1 subsequently died of @entity3052 with a characteristic translocation for @entity4349 -related exposure. At 5 years, the event-free survival was 86% for all @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 75% to 95%). CONCLUSION: Continuous dose-dense chemotherapy with @entity1261 support produced encouraging results, which seem to be superior to those expected with "standard" @entity632 and @entity786 chemotherapy. It deserves a test in the form of a randomized trial where this approach to @entity4349 -based treatment is compared with intermittent administration.

title: Dose-dense XXXX -based chemotherapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe thin-section computed tomographic (CT) findings in @entity1 with drug-induced @entity55 , to compare these CT findings, and to correlate them with arterial @entity26 tension level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-section CT scans obtained in 60 @entity1 with drug-induced @entity55 were evaluated retrospectively. The @entity1 had 31 cases of antineoplastic agent-induced @entity55 and 29 cases of nonneoplastic agent-induced @entity55 (antibiotic agent, 20 cases; herbal medicine [sho-saiko-to], four cases; antirheumatic agent, three cases; @entity3174 , one case; @entity9992 , one case). CT scans were reviewed by two chest radiologists in consensus. Correlation between arterial @entity26 tension level and the extent of disease at CT was available in 21 @entity1 . These two factors were compared by using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The predominant findings in antineoplastic agent-induced @entity55 were diffuse or multifocal ground-glass opacities with intralobular interstitial thickening. The predominant CT findings in antibiotic agent-induced @entity55 were patchy ground-glass opacities with centrilobular opacities and interlobular septal lines. The predominant CT findings in herbal medicine-induced @entity55 were diffuse ground-glass opacities with patchy consolidation. Interlobular septal lines and centrilobular opacities were observed more frequently in antibiotic agent-induced @entity55 , and intralobular interstitial thickening was observed more frequently in antineoplastic agent-induced @entity55 . A significant correlation was established between arterial @entity26 tension level and extent of disease at CT (r = -0.84, P <.05). CONCLUSION: In addition to ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal lines, the most common thin-section CT findings were intralobular interstitial thickening, observed in antineoplastic agent-induced @entity55 , and centrilobular opacities, observed in antibiotic-induced @entity55 .

title: Drug-induced pneumonitis: thin-section CT findings in 60 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a large @entity130 on the cerebral circulation. Anesthetized @entity742 (n = 8) were prepared with vascular catheters, a urinary catheter and a Richmond bolt for intracranial pressure monitoring. @entity130 was inflicted on 70 percent of total body surface area with hot water. Resuscitation was started 30 min after scald with Ringer's lactate to restore and maintain baseline @entity26 delivery. Resuscitation maintained blood pressure, cardiac output and urine output at normal levels. Brain blood flow was measured with colored microspheres. During resuscitation intracranial pressure rose slowly from 10.6 +/- 1.5 to 17.0 +/- 4.0 mmHg (P < 0.05) and cerebral perfusion pressure was reduced from 86.4 +/- 6.8 to 64.1 +/- 2.8 mmHg (P < 0.05). During early resuscitation cerebrovascular resistance declined to maintain brain blood flow and @entity26 delivery at baseline or better. After 6 h, mean cerebrovascular resistance was inappropriately increased during a period of reduced cerebral perfusion pressure which resulted in brain blood flow reductions of half the baseline levels. These data suggest that autoregulation maintains brain blood flow immediately after @entity1457 and early resuscitation, but the autoregulation may be less effective as burn resuscitation proceeds.

title: Effect of XXXX and resuscitation on the cerebral circulation in an ovine model.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['burn shock']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['A scald injury', 'cutaneous burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['cutaneous burn injury']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: s: To describe the farm work patterns and the relationship between hours spent working on specific farm tasks and task specific work related @entity130 among @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN: A cross sectional survey of farm operators and their spouses in an eight county area of Colorado was conducted. Personal interviews were conducted between 1993 and 1997. Interviews took between 45 minutes to two hours to complete, depending on the complexity of individuals' personal histories. Farms were selected using stratified random sampling technique. SETTING: Eight counties in Northeastern Colorado representing 47% of agricultural production in the state. @entity1 : A total of 301 @entity1 and 459 @entity1 who were farm residents and involved in farm work were recruited. OUTCOME MEASURE: Self reported @entity130 resulting in medical attention or treatment other than first aid, or inability to do normal work activities, or @entity909 , or transfer to another job were assessed in relationship to the specific job task being performed at the time of the injury. RESULTS: @entity1 were at higher risk for injury than @entity1 when involved with other farm chores (rate ratio 8.18). For all other task related @entity130 , @entity1 and @entity1 were at similar risk when compared using hours of exposure to the farm tasks. CONCLUSION: Farm safety training and injury prevention programs need to include @entity1 working on farms.

title: Farm work practices and XXXX in Colorado.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['farm injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We analyzed confluence patterns of @entity9744 , seeking to relate hepato-lithiasis to anatomic variation. The comparative study was completed @entity1 with hepatolithiasis in Taiwan and Japan. METHODS: Direct cholangiography was performed in 103 hepatolithiasis @entity1 in Taiwan and 77 in Japan. Segmental ducts patterns were classified as type I, normal configuration; type II, "triad" confluence; type III, @entity1157 ; or type IV, distal confluence of the right posterior segmental duct. RESULTS: Taiwanese @entity1 had only @entity648 or black stones, and were mostly female. As overall analysis, types I, II, III, and IV were found in 61, 26, 13, and 3 @entity1 , respectively. In Japanese, types I, II, III, and IV were found in 52, 10, 13, and 2, respectively. There was no difference between the two institutes. Since no @entity1 in Taiwan had @entity165 calculi, Japanese @entity1 were reanalyzed including only 58 @entity1 with @entity648 or black stones. Differences in those populations remained insignificant. CONCLUSION: Anatomic variations in segmental ducts apparently do not contribute to pathogenesis of hepatolithiasis.

title: XXXX patterns in hepatolithiasis: a comparative cholangiographic study between Taiwan and Japan.

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segmental duct joining left hepatic duct']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium bilirubinate']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic segmental bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9744 :: (MESH:D002780,Disease) :: ['Intrahepatic segmental bile duct']


abstract: @entity253 is rare. Before 1993, there were only 21 cases reported in the English literature. This article reports our experience in managing this disease and reviews experiences from recent English literature. A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity253 was conducted in our institution. A search of the English literature between 1993 and 2002 was performed in the MEDLINE database using " @entity253 " as the keyword. Seven @entity1 with @entity253 were treated in our hospital. Another 50 cases were reported in the recent literature. This amounted to a total of 78 cases so far reported. The male to female ratio was approximately 2 : 1. The mean age at presentation was 63 years. Most @entity1 presented typically with @entity255 . Malignant change was present in 33 @entity1 (42%). Concomitant @entity6687 was noticed in 33 @entity1 (42%). The overall resection rate was 55%. The mean survival was 28 months following resection, irrespective of histological type. @entity1 without @entity5 resection had a poorer survival of less than 11 months. @entity253 presents typically with @entity253 and it occurs most often in elderly males. Resection is recommended because of the considerable malignancy rate, diffuse pattern of disease, and better survival following curative surgery. Malignant histology is not always associated with a poorer prognosis provided that radical resection can be achieved.

title: XXXX : report of seven cases and review of English literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic and extrahepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'Biliary papillomatosis', 'biliary papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Biliary papillomatosis']


abstract: Sphincter pharyngoplasty is frequently used for the management of @entity1 with @entity1739 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcome and revision rates of sphincter pharyngoplasty at the authors' institution. Two hundred fifty @entity1 underwent sphincter pharyngoplasty for @entity1739 between January of 1987 and March of 2001. There were 117 female @entity1 and 133 male @entity1 , with a mean age at primary sphincter pharyngoplasty of 7.6 years (range, 1 to 45 years). Diagnoses included @entity1739 alone (n = 63), @entity1739 associated with @entity2419 (n = 127), @entity2418 (n = 32), submucous cleft (n = 15), and other (n = 13). Pharyngoplasty revision was defined as any secondary surgical revision of the sphincter as determined by clinical evaluation and objective speech assessment. The pharyngoplasty revision rate was found to be 12.8 percent (n = 32). A favorable outcome was demonstrated in 30 of these @entity1 (93.8 percent) after pharyngoplasty revision. Two @entity1 , one with a diagnosis of a submucous @entity2419 and the other with a @entity2419 , required a second revision because of persistent @entity1739 . The revision rate was highest in those @entity1 with @entity2418 (21.8 percent) and lowest in @entity1 with @entity1739 alone (6.3 percent). @entity1 who required revision had significantly higher preoperative oral sentence nasometry (55.2 percent versus 46.1 percent; p < 0.01) and larger velopharyngeal areas (23.7 mm2 versus 18.9 mm2). There was no significant difference in age or sex for those @entity1 who required a revision compared with those who did not require revision. Mean follow-up was 2.4 years (range, 4 months to 13.6 years). Sphincter pharyngoplasty is an effective procedure for the treatment of @entity1739 using revision rate as the standard of success. It had an 87 percent primary success rate that increased to 99 percent after a single revision. @entity1 with @entity2418 , more severe preoperative hypernasal resonance, and larger velopharyngeal areas were more likely to require pharyngoplasty revision.

title: An outcome evaluation of sphincter pharyngoplasty for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft and velocardiofacial syndrome', 'cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['velocardiofacial syndrome']

answer: @entity1739 :: (MESH:D014681,Disease) :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']


abstract: Voltage-sensitive @entity460 channels (VSCC) open in response to external stimuli, including calcitropic hormones, that alter plasma membrane @entity460 ( @entity141 ) permeability. @entity141 that enters the cell through these channels serves a second messenger function, eliciting cellular responses that include secretion and changes in gene expression. In osteoblasts, VSCCs serve as key regulators of @entity141 permeability and are a major class of calcitropic hormone-sensitive @entity141 channels present in the plasma membrane. The members of the VSCC family exist as a complex of polypeptide subunits that are comprised of a pore-forming alpha1 subunit, an intracellular beta subunit, a dimer of @entity1520 -linked alpha2 and delta subunits, and in some tissues, a gamma subunit. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major functional alpha1 subunit present in osteoblasts is the alpha1C (CaV1.2). To determine the complement of auxiliary subunits present in rodent osteoblastic cells, we employed RT-PCR using a battery of subunit specific primers and appropriate tissue controls. Immunohistochemistry also was performed, using available subunit specific antibodies, to measure protein expression and localization. Cell types examined included MC3T3-E1 at various stages of differentiation, ROS 17/2.8 @entity421 , and primary cultures of @entity35 calvarial osteoblasts. The results indicate that all cells expressed multiple beta subunit classes and alpha2delta dimers, but no gamma subunits, regardless of differentiation state. We propose a structure for the functional osteoblast VSCC that consists of alpha1, beta, alpha2delta subunits and is devoid of a gamma subunit.

title: Rodent osteoblastic cells express voltage-sensitive XXXX channels lacking a gamma subunit.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Genomic instability and the accompanying alteration of @entity5 genes play a major role in tumorigenesis. We evaluated the prognostic significance in @entity356 of the degree of accumulation of relative genomic damage, assessed by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction DNA fingerprinting. METHODS: Genomic damage was assessed by comparative analysis of paired normal and @entity5 tissue DNA fingerprints. The total number of alterations, scored as decreases and increases of band intensity with 2 arbitrary primers, were used as an estimation of the genomic damage fraction in 74 primary @entity356 . Increases in DNA copy number were also analyzed by array comparative genomic hybridization in a subset of 30 cases. RESULTS: The number of altered bands varied among the @entity5 from none or a few to more than one third of the approximately 40 fingerprint bands. The relative values of genomic damage were consistent with the quantitative chromosomal alterations observed by array comparative genomic hybridization. When the @entity5 were stratified into 2 groups-above or below the cutoff of 0.22 for average genomic damage fraction-genomic damage fraction was a valuable prognostic indicator regardless of microsatellite instability status. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the genomic damage fraction was a prognostic indicator, as well as a stage indicator (P = 0.0189). Survival was significantly diminished in @entity5 with a genomic damage fraction >0.22 (P = 0.0009). Moreover, in the 46 curative cases, genomic damage fraction was the only independent factor for predicting survival (P = 0.0061). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the degree of genomic damage estimated by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting is a useful prognostic indicator for @entity356 .

title: The genomic damage estimated by arbitrarily primed PCR DNA fingerprinting is useful for the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Germline mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha ( @entity5448 / @entity5448 ) are associated with maturity-onset @entity6 of the young type 3 ( @entity5448 ), and somatic biallelic inactivations of the gene are found in @entity8055 and @entity409 . This study investigated cosegregation of @entity5448 germline mutations with @entity6 and @entity409 in 2 families. METHODS: Two unrelated @entity1 with @entity409 and harboring @entity5448 germline and somatic mutations were studied. Subsequently, we screened 9 relatives in the 2 independent families for @entity6 , @entity8055 , and @entity5448 germline mutations. RESULTS: In family A, a father and his son presented with an intraperitoneal @entity548 of a @entity409 without @entity6 . A heterozygous @entity70609 germline mutation was identified in @entity5448 in the father and his son and also in his second 27-year-old son without @entity8055 . In family B, a diagnosis of @entity409 was made fortuitously in a 14-year-old @entity1 . A heterozygous G55fsX57 germline mutation in @entity5448 was identified in this @entity1 , her @entity6 father, and her 2 sisters. Systematic exploration showed @entity409 in the 2 sisters. Somatic inactivation of the second @entity5448 allele was found in @entity96 in both families. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes familial @entity409 and shows the association with germline @entity5448 mutations in adults and @entity1 . It also highlights the importance of screening for @entity8055 , @entity6 , and @entity5448 germline mutations in relatives of @entity1 with @entity409 . Finally, prevalence of @entity409 remains to be evaluated in @entity5448 subjects.

title: XXXX associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha inactivation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic rupture']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver adenomatosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Familial liver adenomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic role of telomerase in benign and malignant lesion of lung and its biological significance in normal lung tissues. METHODS: Tissues studied consisted of 38 specimens of @entity2 , 35 adjacent non-neoplastic tissue and 7 @entity75 . Telomerase activity was determined using a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Localization of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) expression was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in 31 out of 38 @entity2 , 7 of 35 adjacent non-neoplastic lung tissue and 3 of 7 benign parenchymatous lesions (P < 0.001). Both @entity2215 protein and mRNA were detected in @entity5 cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages in benign parenchymatous tissue, epithelial cells of small airways, bronchiole, alveoli as well as lymph nodule germinal center of the adjacent normal tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression intensity of @entity2215 protein among different kinds of cells. There was a tendency that the expression intensity of @entity2215 protein was higher in @entity957 than those in @entity420 and stronger at TNM stage III with poorly differentiated than those at TNM stage I-II with well-differentiated @entity957 and @entity420 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Telomerase is involved in the pathogenesis of both @entity2 and @entity75 . (2) Telomerase expression may be of biological significance in maintaining the normal function of airway epithelial cells, alveolar macrophage and lymphocytes. (3) It is suggested that telomerase might be used as a proliferative marker, rather than a specific malignant marker. False positive response may occur using telomerase as a diagnostic marker.

title: [Location expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in XXXX , benign lesion and normal lung tissue].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign parenchymatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of lymph node status in @entity0 is still necessary for staging. @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) may provide accurate staging with less morbidity than axillary clearance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the number of sentinel nodes removed on the false-negative rate. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from 395 @entity1 undergoing @entity1600 for @entity0 , between June 1995 and December 2001. All nodes that were hot and/or blue were removed and analysed. RESULTS: During this interval 136 @entity1 who had @entity1600 were lymph node positive. The median number of sentinel nodes removed was two (range one to five). The overall false-negative rate of @entity1600 in these @entity1 was 7.1 per cent. If only one sentinel node had been removed, the false-negative rate would have been 16.5 per cent. The removal of more than two nodes had no effect on axillary staging in all but two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In early @entity0 , when there were multiple sentinel nodes, removal of two sentinel nodes significantly reduced the false-negative rate compared with removal of one node. Removing more than two sentinel nodes did not significantly reduce the false-negative rate further.

title: Removal of two sentinel nodes accurately stages the axilla in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Purpose of this paper was estimation of occurrence of @entity260 caused by most common @entity281 agents. Research covered 1662 hospitalised @entity1 during 2000-2001. Clinical records of @entity1 and results from bacteriological research were analysed. Analysis of etiological agents were based on 779 clinical samples. In @entity86 was observed in 138 @entity1 (9.2%). Among them 158 episodes of @entity281 occurred. Totally for 138 @entity1 , 158 @entity281 were observed in postoperative period. 9% of all (1662)-operated @entity1 had @entity86 . In that number were: 98 (6.5%)--bronchopulmonary @entity281 , 25 (1.7%)-- @entity3509 , 21 (1.4%)--wound @entity281 , 10 (0.7%)--urinary tract @entity281 , 4 (0.3%)--sepsis. All those complications caused 14 @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity1514 surgeries were connected with quite high risk of @entity86 . 2. The most common @entity260 was @entity3127 . 3. The most common etiological agent in thoracic surgery @entity281 was @entity796 .

title: [Infections in XXXX after thoracic surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative period infection', 'postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1090 doses for acute @entity161 were rather high in most recent studies. OBJECTIVES: We tested a hypothesis that fine-tuning @entity1090 dosage to relieve side effects still yields efficacy. Clinical factors influencing the dosing were also determined. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six @entity161 inpatients with acute exacerbation entered a prospective, 6-week, repeated measures study. @entity1090 doses were titrated to 6 mg/day (if tolerable) within 7 days, but were lowered thereafter if adverse reactions appeared. Efficacy and safety were measured biweekly. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 tolerated the 6-mg/day target dose well, while the other 98 received lower final doses (mean+/-SD=3.4+/-0.9 mg/day) to curtail adverse effects. At endpoint, 64.3% of the low-dose @entity1 and 43.8% of the high-dose subjects responded to treatment [>/=20% reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score] ( P=0.018). In detail, the low-dose individuals were significantly superior in percentage changes in the PANSS total and general-subscale scores at endpoint. The low-dose group also tended to improve more (albeit statistically insignificantly) in the PANSS positive and negative subscales and other efficacy measures. Compared to the @entity1 with undifferentiated subtype, those with disorganized subtype received higher dosage by 0.90 mg/day, after controlling for other variables ( P=0.008). Paranoid subtype was similar to undifferentiated subtype in drug doses. @entity1 with @entity221 also showed a trend to use higher dosage ( P=0.078). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dosage adjustment to diminish side effects does not compromise @entity1090 response and that disorganized @entity1 and perhaps @entity1 with @entity221 are prone to receive larger doses.

title: Fine-tuning @entity1090 dosage for acutely exacerbated XXXX : clinical determinants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['longer illness duration']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1090 doses for acute @entity161 were rather high in most recent studies. OBJECTIVES: We tested a hypothesis that fine-tuning @entity1090 dosage to relieve side effects still yields efficacy. Clinical factors influencing the dosing were also determined. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six @entity161 inpatients with acute exacerbation entered a prospective, 6-week, repeated measures study. @entity1090 doses were titrated to 6 mg/day (if tolerable) within 7 days, but were lowered thereafter if adverse reactions appeared. Efficacy and safety were measured biweekly. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 tolerated the 6-mg/day target dose well, while the other 98 received lower final doses (mean+/-SD=3.4+/-0.9 mg/day) to curtail adverse effects. At endpoint, 64.3% of the low-dose @entity1 and 43.8% of the high-dose subjects responded to treatment [>/=20% reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score] ( P=0.018). In detail, the low-dose individuals were significantly superior in percentage changes in the PANSS total and general-subscale scores at endpoint. The low-dose group also tended to improve more (albeit statistically insignificantly) in the PANSS positive and negative subscales and other efficacy measures. Compared to the @entity1 with undifferentiated subtype, those with disorganized subtype received higher dosage by 0.90 mg/day, after controlling for other variables ( P=0.008). Paranoid subtype was similar to undifferentiated subtype in drug doses. @entity1 with @entity221 also showed a trend to use higher dosage ( P=0.078). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dosage adjustment to diminish side effects does not compromise @entity1090 response and that disorganized @entity1 and perhaps @entity1 with @entity221 are prone to receive larger doses.

title: Fine-tuning XXXX dosage for acutely exacerbated @entity161 : clinical determinants.

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic plasma cell granulomas (PCG) of the central nervous system (CNS) are a rare entity, especially in association with an extracranial manifestation. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 13 years old @entity1 was operated on for a symptomatic plasma cell @entity738 of the lower lobe of the left lung. Four years later, he suffered his first generalized @entity410 . CT and MRI scans revealed a small @entity75 , which was located in the right frontal lobe, adjacent to the motor strip. Intervention. Stereotactic guided surgery was performed. A plasma cell @entity738 was found, which histopathologically resembled the intrapulmonary lesion, which had been removed four years ago. CONCLUSION: Histological findings, differential diagnosis and specific treatment are reviewed and discussed. @entity1 with PCG should be radiologically staged. Long term prognosis of PCG is good in cases surgically resectable. Nevertheless, @entity1 require lifelong follow up.

title: Plasma cell XXXX involving the brain and the lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdense lesion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical studies show that immune-enhancing enteral diets (IED; with @entity534 , fish oil, and RNA fragments) decrease the rate of @entity295 and shorten the length of hospital stay after the start of enteral feeding. These beneficial effects are dependent on the route of administration (enteral vs parenteral) and on the nutrient composition (IED vs standard diets). Gut exposure to an IED seems to preserve and/or augment intestinal mucosal immunity. However, nutrient absorption stimulates gut blood flow in a nutrient-specific manner (i.e., postprandial @entity450 ). We hypothesized that an IED would initiate a different pattern of whole organ blood flow compared to a standard diet. This suggests that a mechanism for the protective effect of IED might be the preferential augmentation of gut blood flow to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) or @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ). METHODS: Male @entity35 (200-225 g) were anesthetized and cannulated for colorimetric microsphere determination of blood flow distribution (with the phantom organ technique). Animals received gastric gavage (2 ml) of an IED (Impact; Novartis) or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous control diet (Boost; Mead-Johnson). Blood flow to the antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, liver, kidneys, and spleen was determined at baseline and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after gavage. RESULTS: Baseline blood flows to the left and right kidneys were within 10%, indicating the technical integrity of the microsphere technique and assay. Control diet augmented blood flow compared to IED in the antrum, duodenum, jejunum, and spleen. Conversely, IED gavage stimulated a delayed and sustained hyperemic response in the ileum. IED also increased hepatic blood flow early (30 min). IED increased blood @entity413 levels compared to control diet at 30, 60, and 90 min, suggesting enhanced nutrient absorption. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that blood flow distribution depends on nutrient composition and that IED preferentially augments blood flow to the ileum. Since the terminal jejunum and ileum contain much of the GALT, our data suggest that a mechanism for enterally stimulated mucosal immunity involves selective perfusion of the terminal ileum during IED nutrient absorption.

title: Immune-enhancing enteral diet selectively augments ileal blood flow in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if evidence of functional heterogeneity between subtypes of the Kupffer cell (KC) may be involved in the mechanism of the protective effect of @entity2545 ( @entity21953 ) in @entity5694 . METHODS: @entity35 pretreated with or without @entity21953 were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle. Serum and liver tissues were collected after LPS administration for cytokine measurements and pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS: After LPS administration, increases in expression of @entity1505 and @entity568 mRNA in the liver were blunted significantly by @entity21953 . In control liver tissue, ED2-positive cells were a predominant fraction, with a few ED1-positive cells, and @entity21953 eliminated only ED2-positive cells. Further, ED2-positive cells were larger in size than ED1-positive ones. Importantly, the number of ED1-positive cells in the liver was increased about threefold in the control group but not in the @entity21953 group after LPS injection. Intermediate or large KCs isolated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation showed greater capacity for phagocytosis and production of @entity224 and @entity1505 than small ones. In contrast, @entity568 production was increased to a greater extent in small than in intermediate or large cells. @entity21953 eliminated the intermediate or large KC subpopulation predominantly. CONCLUSION: Collectively, functional heterogeneity of the KC population was involved in the mechanism of the protective effects of @entity21953 in @entity5694 . @entity1505 derived from activated intermediate or large KCs may activate small KCs and the latter may be recruited to other organs, such as lungs and kidneys, and produce a large amount of @entity568 , leading to @entity881 .

title: Functional heterogeneity of the kupffer cell population is involved in the mechanism of XXXX in @entity35 administered endotoxin.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity2545 :: (MESH:C038958,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if evidence of functional heterogeneity between subtypes of the Kupffer cell (KC) may be involved in the mechanism of the protective effect of @entity2545 ( @entity21953 ) in @entity5694 . METHODS: @entity35 pretreated with or without @entity21953 were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle. Serum and liver tissues were collected after LPS administration for cytokine measurements and pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS: After LPS administration, increases in expression of @entity1505 and @entity568 mRNA in the liver were blunted significantly by @entity21953 . In control liver tissue, ED2-positive cells were a predominant fraction, with a few ED1-positive cells, and @entity21953 eliminated only ED2-positive cells. Further, ED2-positive cells were larger in size than ED1-positive ones. Importantly, the number of ED1-positive cells in the liver was increased about threefold in the control group but not in the @entity21953 group after LPS injection. Intermediate or large KCs isolated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation showed greater capacity for phagocytosis and production of @entity224 and @entity1505 than small ones. In contrast, @entity568 production was increased to a greater extent in small than in intermediate or large cells. @entity21953 eliminated the intermediate or large KC subpopulation predominantly. CONCLUSION: Collectively, functional heterogeneity of the KC population was involved in the mechanism of the protective effects of @entity21953 in @entity5694 . @entity1505 derived from activated intermediate or large KCs may activate small KCs and the latter may be recruited to other organs, such as lungs and kidneys, and produce a large amount of @entity568 , leading to @entity881 .

title: Functional heterogeneity of the kupffer cell population is involved in the mechanism of @entity2545 in XXXX administered endotoxin.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the @entity1 selection guidelines for endovascular repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) using the Zenith Endovascular Graft and establish an order of importance for each criterion. METHODS: The Zenith Endovascular Graft Research Database was interrogated for information on 238 @entity1 (209 @entity1 ; mean age 74.9 +/- 0.9 years, range 50-94) treated with a Zenith bifurcated graft from 1994 to 1998. The common complications of endoluminal @entity1028 repair ( @entity1070 , migration, graft occlusion, graft kinking, conversion, and deployment failure) were analyzed to determine any associations with selection criteria. RESULTS: By 1998, 69% of endograft @entity1 did not meet the recommended guidelines; however, primary and secondary @entity439 exclusion rates were 87% and 94%, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 13.4 months (interquartile range 2.8-24.0), 38 (16%) @entity1 developed 28 (74%) early and 10 (26%) late type-I endoleaks. The @entity1070 rate in necks < or = 10 mm long was 57% (8/14). Endoleak was associated with a neck contour change >3 mm (p = 0.003) and neck length <20 mm (p = 0.045). The risk of proximal @entity1070 was 4 times greater if at least one of the proximal neck guidelines was breached; combined guideline deviations of "contour change and large diameter" (p = 0.0004), "contour change and short length" (p = 0.006), "large diameter and short length" (p = 0.01), and "contour change and angle" (p = 0.03) also increased the risk of @entity1070 . Endograft migration was seen in 10 (4.2%) cases; only neck diameter >28 mm (p = 0.0024) was associated with this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal neck contour, length, and diameter are the most important criteria in terms of @entity1070 development. Breaching the proximal neck length criterion resulted in a 4-fold increase in @entity1070 , and combined deviations from the guidelines multiplied the effect. Necks < or = 10 mm long are unsuitable for the standard Zenith graft.

title: Evaluation of @entity1 selection guidelines for endoluminal XXXX repair with the Zenith Stent-Graft: the Australasian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['AAA']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the @entity1 selection guidelines for endovascular repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) using the Zenith Endovascular Graft and establish an order of importance for each criterion. METHODS: The Zenith Endovascular Graft Research Database was interrogated for information on 238 @entity1 (209 @entity1 ; mean age 74.9 +/- 0.9 years, range 50-94) treated with a Zenith bifurcated graft from 1994 to 1998. The common complications of endoluminal @entity1028 repair ( @entity1070 , migration, graft occlusion, graft kinking, conversion, and deployment failure) were analyzed to determine any associations with selection criteria. RESULTS: By 1998, 69% of endograft @entity1 did not meet the recommended guidelines; however, primary and secondary @entity439 exclusion rates were 87% and 94%, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 13.4 months (interquartile range 2.8-24.0), 38 (16%) @entity1 developed 28 (74%) early and 10 (26%) late type-I endoleaks. The @entity1070 rate in necks < or = 10 mm long was 57% (8/14). Endoleak was associated with a neck contour change >3 mm (p = 0.003) and neck length <20 mm (p = 0.045). The risk of proximal @entity1070 was 4 times greater if at least one of the proximal neck guidelines was breached; combined guideline deviations of "contour change and large diameter" (p = 0.0004), "contour change and short length" (p = 0.006), "large diameter and short length" (p = 0.01), and "contour change and angle" (p = 0.03) also increased the risk of @entity1070 . Endograft migration was seen in 10 (4.2%) cases; only neck diameter >28 mm (p = 0.0024) was associated with this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal neck contour, length, and diameter are the most important criteria in terms of @entity1070 development. Breaching the proximal neck length criterion resulted in a 4-fold increase in @entity1070 , and combined deviations from the guidelines multiplied the effect. Necks < or = 10 mm long are unsuitable for the standard Zenith graft.

title: Evaluation of XXXX selection guidelines for endoluminal @entity1028 repair with the Zenith Stent-Graft: the Australasian experience.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the biology of @entity11 and @entity3976 and to present an algorithm for preoperative evaluation and surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective review and analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center: 1970 to 2002. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 with @entity11 (n = 10) and @entity3976 (n = 6). OUTCOME: Age at the time of presentation, sex, signs and symptoms, imaging findings, surgical approach, pathology, complications, rate of recurrence, and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 presented with @entity11 with a mean age of 9 months. All @entity1 underwent surgical excision. No complication was encountered with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Six @entity1 presented with encephaloceles with a mean age of 15.5 months. All @entity1 underwent surgical excision. Complications included @entity5173 (n = 1) and @entity9467 (n = 1). Follow-up was 1 to 14 years (mean, 4 years). CONCLUSION: @entity11 and @entity3976 are rare, benign, @entity66 with a potential for intracranial extension. Evaluation should include a complete rhinologic and neurologic examination. Preoperative imaging with a thin-cut axial and coronal computed tomography scan and/or multiplanar magnetic resonance imaging is essential. Surgical intervention should be performed soon after diagnosis to alleviate the increased risk of @entity693 . A frontal craniotomy approach is recommended if intracranial extension is identified based on preoperative evaluation, followed by an extracranial resection. If there is no evidence of intracranial extension, a conservative extracranial approach is recommended.

title: @entity11 and XXXX : diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal glioma', 'nasal glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['encephalocele']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the biology of @entity11 and @entity3976 and to present an algorithm for preoperative evaluation and surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective review and analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center: 1970 to 2002. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 with @entity11 (n = 10) and @entity3976 (n = 6). OUTCOME: Age at the time of presentation, sex, signs and symptoms, imaging findings, surgical approach, pathology, complications, rate of recurrence, and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 presented with @entity11 with a mean age of 9 months. All @entity1 underwent surgical excision. No complication was encountered with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Six @entity1 presented with encephaloceles with a mean age of 15.5 months. All @entity1 underwent surgical excision. Complications included @entity5173 (n = 1) and @entity9467 (n = 1). Follow-up was 1 to 14 years (mean, 4 years). CONCLUSION: @entity11 and @entity3976 are rare, benign, @entity66 with a potential for intracranial extension. Evaluation should include a complete rhinologic and neurologic examination. Preoperative imaging with a thin-cut axial and coronal computed tomography scan and/or multiplanar magnetic resonance imaging is essential. Surgical intervention should be performed soon after diagnosis to alleviate the increased risk of @entity693 . A frontal craniotomy approach is recommended if intracranial extension is identified based on preoperative evaluation, followed by an extracranial resection. If there is no evidence of intracranial extension, a conservative extracranial approach is recommended.

title: XXXX and @entity3976 : diagnosis and management.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Nasal glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity1 of @entity1 . This suggests that either @entity1 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity1 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity1691 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity1 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity1569 , @entity5890 , @entity29 ) was examined in @entity1 with an @entity1691 mother as opposed to an @entity1691 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity1 of affected @entity1 . The affected @entity1 of a mother with @entity1691 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity1 of a father with disease. @entity29 was more prevalent among @entity1 of @entity1691 mothers than @entity1691 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity1691 mothers than among sons of @entity1691 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity1691 . @entity1 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity29 ) than do @entity1 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity1569 (when @entity1691 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in XXXX and its associated disorders including @entity29 , @entity1569 , and @entity5890 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity1 of @entity1 . This suggests that either @entity1 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity1 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity1691 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity1 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity1569 , @entity5890 , @entity29 ) was examined in @entity1 with an @entity1691 mother as opposed to an @entity1691 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity1 of affected @entity1 . The affected @entity1 of a mother with @entity1691 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity1 of a father with disease. @entity29 was more prevalent among @entity1 of @entity1691 mothers than @entity1691 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity1691 mothers than among sons of @entity1691 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity1691 . @entity1 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity29 ) than do @entity1 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity1569 (when @entity1691 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in @entity1691 and its associated disorders including @entity29 , XXXX , and @entity5890 .

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity1 of @entity1 . This suggests that either @entity1 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity1 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity1691 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity1 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity1569 , @entity5890 , @entity29 ) was examined in @entity1 with an @entity1691 mother as opposed to an @entity1691 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity1 of affected @entity1 . The affected @entity1 of a mother with @entity1691 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity1 of a father with disease. @entity29 was more prevalent among @entity1 of @entity1691 mothers than @entity1691 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity1691 mothers than among sons of @entity1691 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity1691 . @entity1 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity29 ) than do @entity1 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity1569 (when @entity1691 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in @entity1691 and its associated disorders including XXXX , @entity1569 , and @entity5890 .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity1 of @entity1 . This suggests that either @entity1 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity1 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity1691 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity1 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity1569 , @entity5890 , @entity29 ) was examined in @entity1 with an @entity1691 mother as opposed to an @entity1691 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity1 of affected @entity1 . The affected @entity1 of a mother with @entity1691 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity1 of a father with disease. @entity29 was more prevalent among @entity1 of @entity1691 mothers than @entity1691 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity1691 mothers than among sons of @entity1691 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity1691 . @entity1 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity29 ) than do @entity1 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity1569 (when @entity1691 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in @entity1691 and its associated disorders including @entity29 , @entity1569 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity5890 :: (MESH:D007500,Disease) :: ['iritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical symptomatic late injury to the rectal wall occurs in about one-third of @entity1 with @entity263 treated with external beam irradiation. Reducing the physical dose to the anterior rectal wall without a similar reduction in the posterior peripheral zone is difficult because of the proximity of the prostate to the anterior rectal wall. On the basis of our previous observations in an animal model that intrarectal application of @entity8503 resulted in very high concentrations of @entity8503 and its active metabolite @entity20167 in the rectal wall, a Phase I dose-escalation clinical trial was undertaken. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity263 were accrued. Eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed @entity420 , Karnofsky performance status >or=70, and no pelvic @entity3329 or distant metastases. The total dose to the prostate was 70.2 Gy in 20 @entity1 and 73.8 Gy in 9 @entity1 . Therapy was delivered using a 4-field technique with three-dimensional conformal planning. @entity8503 was administered intrarectally as an aqueous solution 30 min before irradiation on the first 15 days of therapy. @entity8503 was escalated in cohorts from 500 to 2500 mg. Proctoscopy was performed before therapy and at 9 months after completion. Most @entity1 underwent repeat proctoscopy at 18 months. On Days 1 and 10 of radiotherapy, serum samples were collected for pharmacokinetic studies. The clinical symptoms (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale) and a proctoscopy score were assessed during follow-up. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed therapy with no @entity8503 -related @entity137 at any dose level. The application was feasible and well tolerated. No substantial systemic absorption occurred. With a median follow-up of 26 months, 9 @entity1 (33%) developed @entity548 (8 Grade 1, 1 Grade 2). At 9 months, 16 and 3 @entity1 developed Grade 1 and Grade 2 @entity8721 , respectively. This was mostly confined to the anterior rectal wall. No visible @entity4 , @entity1066 , or strictures were noted. No significant differences were found between the proctoscopy findings at 9 and 18 months. Four @entity1 (14%) developed symptoms suggestive of radiation damage that, on sigmoidoscopy, proved to be secondary to unrelated processes. These included preexisting nonspecific @entity4272 (n = 1), diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon (n = 1), @entity1127 (n = 1), and @entity31 (n = 1). Symptoms developed significantly more often in @entity1 receiving 500-1000 mg than in @entity1 receiving 1500-2500 mg @entity8503 (7 [50%] of 14 vs. 2 [15%] of 13, p = 0.0325, one-sided chi-square test). CONCLUSION: Intrarectal application of @entity8503 is feasible and well tolerated. Systemic absorption of @entity8503 and its metabolites is negligible, and close monitoring of @entity1 is not required with rectal administration. Proctoscopy is superior to symptom score as a method of assessing radiation damage of the rectal wall. The preliminary efficacy data are encouraging, and further clinical studies are warranted.

title: A pilot study of topical intrarectal application of XXXX for prevention of late radiation rectal injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['rectal polyp']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['Amifostine', 'amifostine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity8503 :: (MESH:D004999,Chemical) :: ['amifostine']


abstract: The authors describe the group of 23 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ), who were operated during 2000-2003 on ulna-carpal impingement or the syndrome of ulna impact on the basis of "plus variant" of ulna or also "long ulna". There was a @entity174 of distal radius in anamnesis of all these @entity1 . The condition was solved in 18 @entity1 (mean age 51 years) by reducing the ulna by 4.5 cm on the average (range 2-10 mm). In five @entity1 (mean age 49 years), the radius-ulna desis sec. Sauv  -Kapandij was performed. The results are evaluated with the time lapse of 6 months on the average (range 3-26). The resulting evaluation indicates that in all @entity1 , who were not affected by radius-ulna @entity4040 , a simple reduction of ulna resulted in an improvement of the extent of movements and improved subjective complaints. @entity1 with radius-ulna @entity4040 , where the ulna-carpal impingement was solved by radius-ulna desis, suffer from worse long-term functional results. The authors also analyze complications of the interventions. @entity85 in the area of distal forearm should be solved early before degenerative changes develop. The is the only way how to expect good results of the operation and favorable effect for the @entity1 .

title: [Ulnar-carpal impingement after XXXX of the distal radius].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic deformations']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Recent studies show that several Hox transcription factors are important for regulation of proliferation and differentiation in hematopoiesis. Among these is H0XA10, which is selectively expressed at high levels in the most primitive subpopulation of @entity1 @entity2280 (+) bone marrow cells. When overexpressed, H0XA10 increases the proliferation of early progenitor cells and can lead to the development of @entity2800 . To study the effects of H0XA10 on primitive hematopoietic progenitors in more detail, @entity19 were generated with regulatable H0XA10 expression. The transgenic @entity19 model, referred to as tetO- @entity30995 , contains the H0XA10 gene controlled by a @entity803 -responsive element and a minimal promoter. Thus, the expression of H0XA10 is inducible and reversible depending on the absence or presence of @entity803 or its analog, @entity3403 . A retroviral vector containing the @entity803 transactivator gene (tTA) was used to induce expression of the H0XA10 gene in bone marrow cells from the @entity19 . Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed regulatable H0XA10 expression in several transgenic lines. H0XA10 induction led to the formation of hematopoietic colonies containing blastlike cells and megakaryocytes. Moreover, the induction of H0XA10 resulted in significant proliferative advantage of primitive hematopoietic progenitors (spleen colony-forming units [CFU-S(12)]), which was reversible on withdrawal of induction. Activation of H0XA10 expression in tet0-H0XA10 @entity19 will therefore govern proliferation of primitive myeloid progenitors in a regulated fashion. This novel animal model can be used to identify the target genes of @entity30995 and better clarify the specific role of @entity30995 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

title: Proliferation of primitive myeloid progenitors can be reversibly induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity30995 :: (15395(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['HOXA10']