abstract: @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) is a commonly used drug to treat diverse @entity5 types. However, its treatment can generate resistance and the mechanisms of @entity4045 -resistance in @entity2 are still unclear. We demonstrated that @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) survive @entity4045 treatment. Compared with the progenitor NSCLC A549 cells, the @entity4045 -resistant A549 cells (A549/ @entity4045 ) displayed enhanced sphere-formation ability. The proportion of the @entity5 stem cell marker, @entity4975 dehydrogenase-positive cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling protein levels were also elevated in A549/ @entity4045 . Importantly, the levels of oncoproteins phosphoinositide-3 kinase/ @entity584 , @entity2355 cytoplasmic domain ( @entity2355 -C) and @entity3546 were also significantly elevated in A549/ @entity4045 . Furthermore, nuclear translocation of @entity2355 -C and @entity3546 increased in A549/ @entity4045 . The @entity7242 protein, an activator of @entity2355 -C, was also overexpressed in A549/ @entity4045 . These observations led to the hypothesis that enhanced expression of @entity2355 -C is associated with @entity3308 and @entity4045 resistance in @entity1149 . To test this, we knocked down or overexpressed @entity2355 -C in A549/ @entity4045 and found that inhibition of @entity2355 -C expression coupled with @entity4045 treatment was sufficient to reduce the sphere-forming ability and survival of A549/ @entity4045 . In summary, our in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed a potential mechanism of @entity2355 -C-mediated @entity4045 resistance and provided insights into a novel therapeutic measure for @entity2 .

title: @entity2355 -mediated chemo-resistance in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) is a commonly used drug to treat diverse @entity5 types. However, its treatment can generate resistance and the mechanisms of @entity4045 -resistance in @entity2 are still unclear. We demonstrated that @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) survive @entity4045 treatment. Compared with the progenitor NSCLC A549 cells, the @entity4045 -resistant A549 cells (A549/ @entity4045 ) displayed enhanced sphere-formation ability. The proportion of the @entity5 stem cell marker, @entity4975 dehydrogenase-positive cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling protein levels were also elevated in A549/ @entity4045 . Importantly, the levels of oncoproteins phosphoinositide-3 kinase/ @entity584 , @entity2355 cytoplasmic domain ( @entity2355 -C) and @entity3546 were also significantly elevated in A549/ @entity4045 . Furthermore, nuclear translocation of @entity2355 -C and @entity3546 increased in A549/ @entity4045 . The @entity7242 protein, an activator of @entity2355 -C, was also overexpressed in A549/ @entity4045 . These observations led to the hypothesis that enhanced expression of @entity2355 -C is associated with @entity3308 and @entity4045 resistance in @entity1149 . To test this, we knocked down or overexpressed @entity2355 -C in A549/ @entity4045 and found that inhibition of @entity2355 -C expression coupled with @entity4045 treatment was sufficient to reduce the sphere-forming ability and survival of A549/ @entity4045 . In summary, our in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed a potential mechanism of @entity2355 -C-mediated @entity4045 resistance and provided insights into a novel therapeutic measure for @entity2 .

title: XXXX -mediated chemo-resistance in @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity2355 :: (4582,Gene) :: ['Mucin 1']


abstract: In the context of adolescents' subjective well-being (SWB), research has recently focused on a number of different school variables. The direction of the relationships between adolescents' SWB, @entity4207 achievement, and test @entity148 is, however, still open although reciprocal causation has been hypothesized. The present study set out to investigate to what extent SWB, @entity4207 achievement, and test @entity148 influence each other over time. A sample of N = 290 11th grade students (n = 138 female; age: M = 16.54 years, SD = 0.57) completed measures of SWB and test @entity148 in the time span of 1 year. Grade point average (GPA) indicated students' @entity4207 achievement. We analyzed the reciprocal relations using cross-lagged structural equation modeling. The model fit was satisfactory for all computed models. Results indicated that the worry component of test @entity148 negatively and GPA positively predicted changes in the cognitive component of SWB (life satisfaction). Worry also negatively predicted changes in the affective component of SWB. Moreover, worry negatively predicted changes in students' GPA. Directions for future research and the differential predictive influences of @entity4207 achievement and test @entity148 on adolescents' SWB are discussed with regard to potential underlying processes.

title: Subjective Well-Being, Test Anxiety, XXXX Achievement: Testing for Reciprocal Effects.

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Academic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The treatment of @entity9 by neuromodulation is an objective for more than 40 years in modern clinical practice. With respect to spinal cord and deep brain structures, the cerebral cortex is the most recently evaluated target of invasive neuromodulation therapy for @entity158 . In the early 90s, the first successes of invasive epidural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) were published. A few years later was developed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive stimulation technique. Then, electrical transcranial stimulation returned valid and is currently in full development, with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Regarding transcranial approaches, the main studied and validated target was still the motor cortex, but other cortical targets are under investigation. The mechanisms of action of these techniques share similarities, especially between EMCS and rTMS, but they also have differences that could justify specific indications and applications. It is therefore important to know the principles and to assess the merit of these techniques on the basis of a rigorous assessment of the results, to avoid fad. Various types of chronic @entity9 syndromes can be significantly relieved by EMCS or repeated daily sessions of high-frequency (5-20 Hz) rTMS or anodal tDCS over weeks, at least when @entity158 is lateralized and stimulation is applied to the motor cortex contralateral to @entity158 side. However, cortical stimulation therapy remains to be optimized, especially by improving EMCS electrode design, rTMS targeting, or tDCS montage, to reduce the rate of nonresponders, who do not experience clinically relevant effects of these techniques.

title: Cortical neurostimulation for XXXX : state of the art and perspectives.

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the first months of life the subcortical @entity62 appears prone to fluid accumulation and cystic change. This condition has generally been considered to be due to @entity130 ( @entity130 ) and is grouped with other forms of @entity62 including @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ). AIMS: Our aim was to describe the sequential tissue changes in the formation of @entity5719 in the @entity1 brain and to delineate this from other forms of @entity62 in order to better understand its pathogenesis and aetiology. STUDY DESIGN: Standard samples of the frontal lobe, including subcortical @entity62 , were stained to demonstrate the cellular processes responsible for subcortical cyst formation in @entity1 who had died from @entity130 ( @entity130 ) and @entity4 . Cases were of @entity1 who had survived for known periods after collapse in order to determine the time course of the pathological changes. SUBJECTS: 20 @entity1 under 5 months of age with global @entity130 and no other primary brain pathology, and who had survived for between 2h and 13 days after collapse. OUTCOME MEASURES: The description of the sequential changes leading to subcortical cyst formation in @entity1 after severe global @entity130 . RESULTS: With increasing time of survival after global @entity130 the subcortical @entity62 became more oedematous. @entity45 were seen after one day but were most common in @entity1 surviving more than 5 days. Cysts were not associated with cellular responses and seemed to be the result of fluid accumulation. The pathology was quite distinct from @entity5719 which is due to tissue @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5719 results from fluid accumulation and not @entity39 . Predisposition to fluid accumulation may be age-related and due to impairment of fluid handling pathways which remain immature in this age group. Potential mechanisms are discussed.

title: @entity1 XXXX : a distinct pathological entity resulting from impaired fluid handling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical cystic leucomalacia', 'Subcortical leucomalacia', 'periventricular leucomalacia', 'PVL']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Subcortical cysts']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter', 'white matter disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['HII', 'global hypoxic-ischaemic injury', 'hypoxic-ischaemic injury']

answer: @entity5719 :: (MESH:D007969,Disease) :: ['subcortical cystic leucomalacia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the first months of life the subcortical @entity62 appears prone to fluid accumulation and cystic change. This condition has generally been considered to be due to @entity130 ( @entity130 ) and is grouped with other forms of @entity62 including @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ). AIMS: Our aim was to describe the sequential tissue changes in the formation of @entity5719 in the @entity1 brain and to delineate this from other forms of @entity62 in order to better understand its pathogenesis and aetiology. STUDY DESIGN: Standard samples of the frontal lobe, including subcortical @entity62 , were stained to demonstrate the cellular processes responsible for subcortical cyst formation in @entity1 who had died from @entity130 ( @entity130 ) and @entity4 . Cases were of @entity1 who had survived for known periods after collapse in order to determine the time course of the pathological changes. SUBJECTS: 20 @entity1 under 5 months of age with global @entity130 and no other primary brain pathology, and who had survived for between 2h and 13 days after collapse. OUTCOME MEASURES: The description of the sequential changes leading to subcortical cyst formation in @entity1 after severe global @entity130 . RESULTS: With increasing time of survival after global @entity130 the subcortical @entity62 became more oedematous. @entity45 were seen after one day but were most common in @entity1 surviving more than 5 days. Cysts were not associated with cellular responses and seemed to be the result of fluid accumulation. The pathology was quite distinct from @entity5719 which is due to tissue @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5719 results from fluid accumulation and not @entity39 . Predisposition to fluid accumulation may be age-related and due to impairment of fluid handling pathways which remain immature in this age group. Potential mechanisms are discussed.

title: XXXX @entity5719 : a distinct pathological entity resulting from impaired fluid handling.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical effects of clavicular hook plate fixation, coracoid transplantation, and clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer for the treatment of the @entity3029 . METHODS: From January 2006 to November 2009, 65 @entity1 with sustained @entity3029 were treated with clavicular hook plate fixation, coracoid transplantation,and clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer. All the @entity1 were divided into three groups: 22 @entity1 in group A were treated with clavicular hook plate fixation, including 17 males and 5 females, with an average age of (31.0 +/- 10.0) years; 21 @entity1 in group B were treated with coracoid transplantation, including 16 males and 5 females,with an average age of (33.0 +/- 6.4) years; 22 @entity1 in group C were treated with clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer,including 18 males and 4 females, with an average age of (30.0 +/- 5.3) years. Postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by Karlsson criteria. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from half to three years (averaged 1.5 years). In group A, 8 @entity1 got half re-dislocation, 2 @entity1 got complete re-dislocation and @entity625 of @entity2720 after internal fixations removal, 1 @entity1 had clavicular hook plate broken after operation. In group B, 7 @entity1 got half re-dislocation, 1 @entity1 got complete re-dislocation,and 5 @entity1 had @entity625 of @entity2720 with acute @entity158 and limited shoulder function after internal fixations removal. In group C,2 @entity1 got half re-dislocation, no complete re-dislocation and @entity625 of @entity2720 occurred after internal fixations removal. According to Karlsson evaluation, in group A, 12 @entity1 obtained an excellent result, 8 good and 2 poor; in group B, the data were 9, 7 and 5 respectively; in group C, they were 20, 2 and 0 respectively. There were remarkable differences of therapeutic effects between the clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer and that with either of the former two treatment methods (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Clavicular hook plate combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer is a reliable and good treatment for the @entity3029 , with advantages such as easy to handle,stable fixation and early exercise.

title: [Controlled clinical trials on different surgical methods for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular joint']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['complete acromioclavicular dislocation', 'complete acrominoclavicular dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eliciting @entity1 preferences within the context of shared decision making has been advocated for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening, yet providers often fail to comply with @entity1 preferences that differ from their own. PURPOSE: To determine whether risk stratification for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) influences provider willingness to comply with @entity1 preferences when selecting a desired @entity14 screening option. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING/ @entity1 : Asymptomatic, average-risk @entity1 due for @entity14 screening in an urban safety net health care setting. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to a decision aid alone (n= 168) or decision aid plus risk assessment (n= 173) arm between September 2012 and September 2014. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was concordance between @entity1 preference and test ordered; secondary outcomes included @entity1 satisfaction with the decision-making process, screening intentions, test completion rates, and provider satisfaction. RESULTS: Although providers perceived risk stratification to be useful in selecting an appropriate screening test for their average-risk @entity1 , no significant differences in concordance were observed between the decision aid alone and decision aid plus risk assessment groups (88.1% v. 85.0%,P= 0.40) or high- and low-risk groups (84.5% v. 87.1%,P= 0.51). Concordance was highest for colonoscopy and relatively low for tests other than colonoscopy, regardless of study arm or risk group. Failure to comply with @entity1 preferences was negatively associated with satisfaction with the decision-making process, screening intentions, and test completion rates. LIMITATIONS: Single-institution setting; lack of provider education about the utility of risk stratification into their decision making. CONCLUSIONS: Providers perceived risk stratification to be useful in their decision making but often failed to comply with @entity1 preferences for tests other than colonoscopy, even among those deemed to be at low risk of @entity14 .

title: Risk Stratification and Shared Decision Making for XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['advanced colorectal neoplasia', 'ACN', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Screening']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to explore @entity65 and its pattern in chronic @entity8 @entity1 . METHODS: Autonomic function using five standard tests was examined in 20 @entity6 @entity1 with CKD, 20 age and sex matched @entity6 @entity1 without CKD and 20 age and sex matched controls. Analysis of difference between the autonomic function was done in the three groups using Chi-square test or Fischer's test. RESULTS: Total 20 (100%) @entity6 @entity1 were found to have @entity4148 . Of these, 2 (10%) @entity1 had early parasympathetic damage, 8 (40%) @entity1 had @entity16 , and 10 (50%) @entity1 had combined damage. Heart rate response to standing was statistically significant (p = 0.014) among @entity6 @entity1 when compared with @entity6 @entity1 without CKD. Combined form of @entity5433 was more frequent in advanced stages of @entity6 . Three (42.85%) @entity1 in stage 3 CKD, 4 (66.66%) @entity1 in stage 4 CKD and 5 (71.42%) @entity1 in stage 5 CKD, had combined autonomic failure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4148 is common in native Nepalese @entity6 @entity1 . Heart rate response to standing is significantly abnormal in @entity6 @entity1 in comparison with @entity6 @entity1 without CKD. Severity of @entity5433 increases with severity of CKD..

title: XXXX in chronic kidney diseases.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic CKD', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['definite parasympathetic damage']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic neuropathy', 'autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phytochemicals modulate key cellular signaling pathways and have proven anticancer effects. @entity17393 ( @entity17393 ; Hollyhock) is an ornamental plant with known anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored its role as an anti- @entity5 agent. The @entity17393 seed extract ( @entity17393 extract) inhibited proliferation and colony formation in a dose and time dependent manner and promoted apoptosis as was evidenced by cleavage of @entity9190 and increased expression of @entity589 accompanying reduced levels of @entity1836 protein in HCT116 and SW480 cells, respectively. In addition, @entity17393 extract arrested cells at Go/G1 phase of cell cycle and exhibited decreases in @entity4910 . @entity17393 extract-treated cells exhibited reduced number and size of colonospheres in a dose-dependent manner concomitant with decreases in @entity5 stem cell (CSC) markers @entity14215 and @entity15738 . Relative levels of @entity3546 , Notch-ICD, @entity1135 and @entity16719 were also attenuated by @entity17393 extract. TOP-flash reporter activity, a measure of Wnt signaling, decreased significantly in response to treatment while overexpression of wild type but not mutant @entity16719 , reversed the inhibitory effects. Moreover, @entity21124 (a Wnt antagonist) promoter activity increased dramatically following treatment with @entity17393 extract which phenocopied increases in @entity21124 reporter activity following @entity16719 knockdown. In vivo, @entity17393 extract @entity5 growth due probably to reduced levels of @entity16719 , @entity3546 , @entity4910 and Ki-67 along with reduced levels of CSC markers. Since partial purification via HPLC yielded a prominent peak, efforts are underway to identify the active ingredient(s). Taken together, the results clearly suggest that @entity17393 extract/active component(s) can be an effective preventative/therapeutic agent to target @entity694 .

title: An ornamental plant targets epigenetic signaling to XXXX stem cell-driven colon carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'attenuated tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['block cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical resection is the gold standard in treatment of @entity99 , giving the @entity1 the best chance to be cured. The liver has a unique capacity to regenerate. However, an inflammatory response occurs during resection, in part mediated by Kupffer cells, that influences the speed of regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a Kupffer cell targeted anti-inflammatory treatment on liver regeneration in @entity35 . METHODS: Two sets of animals, each including four groups of eight @entity35 , were included. Paired groups from each set received treatment with placebo, low dose @entity619 , high dose @entity619 or low dose anti- @entity40679 @entity619 . Subsequently, the @entity35 underwent 70% partial hepatectomy. The two sets were evaluated on postoperative day 2 or 5, respectively. Blood was drawn for circulating markers of @entity32 and @entity409 tissue was sampled for analysis of regeneration rate and proliferation index. RESULTS: The high dose @entity619 group had significantly lower body and liver weight than the placebo and anti- @entity40679 -dex groups. There were no differences in liver regeneration rates between groups. Hepatocyte proliferation was completed faster in the placebo group, although this was not significant. The anti- @entity40679 -dex group showed increased blood levels of albumin and @entity3929 aminotransferase and a diminished inflammatory response in terms of significantly reduced @entity14997 , a2-macroglobulin and Interleukine-6. CONCLUSION: Low dose @entity619 targeted to Kupffer cells does not affect histological liver cell regeneration after 70% hepatectomy in @entity35 , but reduces the inflammatory response judged by circulating markers of @entity32 .

title: Anti-inflammatory liposomes have no impact on liver regeneration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver cell damage; liver']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancies']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We describe the pathomorphologic features of 29 autopsy cases of @entity3741 -related @entity5426 ( @entity5426 ) of the liver. The average (+/- SD) latent period after @entity3741 injection was 36.2 +/- 5.2 years. Macroscopically, @entity3741 -related @entity5426 was divided into four types as follows: diffuse micronodular, multinodular, massive, and mixed multinodular and massive. Diffuse-micronodular and multinodular types were the most common. Histologically, @entity3741 -related hepatic @entity5426 was characterized by two cell types (spindle-shaped cells and polyhedral cells) and two structural patterns (sinusoidal and solid). There was no case composed of a solid pattern only. Immunohistochemically, factor VIII-related antigen was found to be positive in the endothelial cells of normal blood vessels and in the @entity5072 endothelial cells of the sinusoids, but negative in the @entity5 cells. @entity1210 was found in both the @entity5 and nontumorous areas in four cases. Erythrophagocytosis by the @entity5 cells was found in three cases. In the nontumorous area, varying degrees of @entity384 with frequent @entity5072 changes of the sinusoidal lining cells were observed in all cases. These sinusoidal changes were frequently contiguous to @entity5426 foci and were considered as a precursor change. In addition to the dominant sinusoidal changes, nodular hepatocytic hyperplasia was observed in two cases.

title: XXXX -related angiosarcoma of the liver. Pathomorphologic study of 29 autopsy cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumorous']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'AGS']

entities_list: @entity3741 :: ('MESH:D013911', 'Chemical') :: ['thorium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['Extramedullary hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity3741 :: (MESH:D013911,Chemical) :: ['Thorium dioxide']


abstract: The impact of Medicare's diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based reimbursement system was examined for care given to 734 @entity627 @entity1 discharged from a teaching hospital during a 2-year period. The analysis accounted for length of stay "outliers" as defined by Medicare and distinguished costs from charges. Excluding outliers, DRG reimbursement would result in net revenues to the hospital of +1,126 per DRG 240 @entity1 and  1,794 per DRG 241 @entity1 . The difference between DRGs in cost per @entity1 was significant, indicating that DRGs clearly identify 2 groups of @entity627 @entity1 . After excluding outliers, the coefficients of variation in costs for DRGs 240 and 241 were 72% and 80%, respectively, which although high, were average for DRGs at our institution. Mean total charge per @entity1 was different for groups defined by their primary rheumatologic diagnosis in DRG 240 but not DRG 241. For @entity309 and @entity1252 @entity1 , the total charge per @entity1 did not differ, but the types of services did. The cost of treating outliers would create an average loss per outlier of  18,400 and  16,500, respectively, in DRGs 240 and 241. Outliers accounted for 34.5% and 21.8% of the 2 DRGs' total costs, respectively, but only 6.4% and 3.6% of the total number of @entity1 . Under current DRG reimbursement rates, the cost of care for rheumatology @entity1 would be adequately reimbursed in our hospital: losses from outliers would be offset by net revenues from inliers as long as current Medicare adjustments for capital and medical education costs were continued.

title: Impact of diagnosis-related group-based reimbursement for treatment of XXXX in a teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: A family of @entity1264 complicated by multiple diverse primary @entity1313 was reported. Case 1. The proband, born in 1923, was admitted to the Nagasaki University Hospital on @entity29804 , 1974, for evaluation of @entity10 and @entity393 . Neurological examination disclosed: decreased visual acuity on the right: bilateral choked discs; anisocoria, right pupil wider than left; right @entity1736 ; artificially fixed @entity735 ; right facial @entity912 ; markedly impaired hearing with negative vestibular responses to caloric test; paralysis of the right soft palate and vocal cord; @entity194 of the right side of the tongue; right @entity1848 with positive Froment's sign; left drop foot; loss of deep reflexes on the left arm and legs; positive Babinski on the right. Nerve conduction studies revealed failure to evoke muscle action potential in response to electric nerve stimulation on the left ulnar and right superficial peroneal nerves. Needle electromyography showed no motor unit potentials in the left first dorsal interosseus and right anterior tibial muscles. Sensory nerve action potentials could not be evoked on any nerves tested. X-ray films showed enlargement of the internal auditory passages, falx @entity5 on brain scan and carotid angiography, and @entity5 on myelography. At craniotomy, a 7 X 5.5 X 4 cm falx @entity1653 was removed. At suboccipital craniotomy performed five weeks later, right @entity5513 measuring 1.5 cm in diameter was removed. Case 2. This relative, born in 1945, was the son of the proband. A @entity1653 at C 7-T 1 was removed in 1957. However, he could not walk after operation and died of pneumonia two years later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A family of von @entity1264 complicated by mononeuritis multiplex, bilateral acoustic neurinomas, and falx and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['right eye']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['spinal meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['blepharoptosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['spinal meningiomas']


abstract: A family of @entity1264 complicated by multiple diverse primary @entity1313 was reported. Case 1. The proband, born in 1923, was admitted to the Nagasaki University Hospital on @entity29804 , 1974, for evaluation of @entity10 and @entity393 . Neurological examination disclosed: decreased visual acuity on the right: bilateral choked discs; anisocoria, right pupil wider than left; right @entity1736 ; artificially fixed @entity735 ; right facial @entity912 ; markedly impaired hearing with negative vestibular responses to caloric test; paralysis of the right soft palate and vocal cord; @entity194 of the right side of the tongue; right @entity1848 with positive Froment's sign; left drop foot; loss of deep reflexes on the left arm and legs; positive Babinski on the right. Nerve conduction studies revealed failure to evoke muscle action potential in response to electric nerve stimulation on the left ulnar and right superficial peroneal nerves. Needle electromyography showed no motor unit potentials in the left first dorsal interosseus and right anterior tibial muscles. Sensory nerve action potentials could not be evoked on any nerves tested. X-ray films showed enlargement of the internal auditory passages, falx @entity5 on brain scan and carotid angiography, and @entity5 on myelography. At craniotomy, a 7 X 5.5 X 4 cm falx @entity1653 was removed. At suboccipital craniotomy performed five weeks later, right @entity5513 measuring 1.5 cm in diameter was removed. Case 2. This relative, born in 1945, was the son of the proband. A @entity1653 at C 7-T 1 was removed in 1957. However, he could not walk after operation and died of pneumonia two years later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A family of von XXXX complicated by mononeuritis multiplex, bilateral acoustic neurinomas, and falx and @entity1653 ].

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct a quantitative PET assessment of the specific binding sites in the brain of juvenile @entity1707 for @entity72717 , a novel @entity72718 derivative targeting a7 nicotinic @entity934 receptors (a7 nAChRs). METHODS: Dynamic PET recordings were made in @entity5161 -anaesthetized juvenile @entity1707 during 120 min after administration of @entity72717 under baseline conditions (n = 3) and after blocking of the a7 nAChR with @entity28900 (3 mg  kg(-1) bolus + 1 mg  kg(-1)  h(-1) continuous infusion; n = 3). Arterial plasma samples were collected for determining the input function of the unmetabolized tracer. Kinetic analysis of regional brain time-radioactivity curves was performed, and parametric maps were calculated relative to arterial input. RESULTS: Plasma @entity72717 passed readily into the brain, with peak uptake occurring in a7 nAChR-expressing brain regions such as the colliculi, thalamus, temporal lobe and hippocampus. The highest SUV(max) was approximately 2.3, whereas the lowest uptake was in the olfactory bulb (SUV(max) 1.53    0.32). Administration of @entity28900 significantly decreased @entity72717 binding late in the emission recording throughout the brain, except in the olfactory bulb, which was therefore chosen as reference region for calculation of BP( @entity11702 ). The baseline BP( @entity11702 ) ranged from 0.39    0.08 in the cerebellum to 0.76    0.07 in the temporal lobe. Pretreatment and constant infusion with @entity28900 significantly reduced the BP( @entity11702 ) in regions with high @entity72717 binding (temporal lobe -29%, p = 0.01; midbrain: -35%, p = 0.02), without significantly altering the BP( @entity11702 ) in low binding regions (cerebellum: -16%, p = 0.2). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the potential of @entity72717 as a target-specific radiotracer for the molecular imaging of central a7 nAChRs by PET.

title: Assessment of a7 nicotinic XXXX receptor availability in juvenile @entity1707 brain with [     F]NS10743.

entities_list: @entity72718 :: ('CHEBI:18945', 'Chemical') :: ['diazabicyclononane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct a quantitative PET assessment of the specific binding sites in the brain of juvenile @entity1707 for @entity72717 , a novel @entity72718 derivative targeting a7 nicotinic @entity934 receptors (a7 nAChRs). METHODS: Dynamic PET recordings were made in @entity5161 -anaesthetized juvenile @entity1707 during 120 min after administration of @entity72717 under baseline conditions (n = 3) and after blocking of the a7 nAChR with @entity28900 (3 mg  kg(-1) bolus + 1 mg  kg(-1)  h(-1) continuous infusion; n = 3). Arterial plasma samples were collected for determining the input function of the unmetabolized tracer. Kinetic analysis of regional brain time-radioactivity curves was performed, and parametric maps were calculated relative to arterial input. RESULTS: Plasma @entity72717 passed readily into the brain, with peak uptake occurring in a7 nAChR-expressing brain regions such as the colliculi, thalamus, temporal lobe and hippocampus. The highest SUV(max) was approximately 2.3, whereas the lowest uptake was in the olfactory bulb (SUV(max) 1.53    0.32). Administration of @entity28900 significantly decreased @entity72717 binding late in the emission recording throughout the brain, except in the olfactory bulb, which was therefore chosen as reference region for calculation of BP( @entity11702 ). The baseline BP( @entity11702 ) ranged from 0.39    0.08 in the cerebellum to 0.76    0.07 in the temporal lobe. Pretreatment and constant infusion with @entity28900 significantly reduced the BP( @entity11702 ) in regions with high @entity72717 binding (temporal lobe -29%, p = 0.01; midbrain: -35%, p = 0.02), without significantly altering the BP( @entity11702 ) in low binding regions (cerebellum: -16%, p = 0.2). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the potential of @entity72717 as a target-specific radiotracer for the molecular imaging of central a7 nAChRs by PET.

title: Assessment of a7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor availability in juvenile XXXX brain with [     F]NS10743.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to report on catathrenia occurring in @entity2724 with @entity2725 (NC) @entity1 under @entity15221 (SO) treatment. Catathrenia is a @entity4939 characterized by groaning and an abnormal respiratory pattern during sleep. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with NC and starting SO therapy underwent a baseline overnight polysomnography (PSG) to detect any @entity387 ( @entity387 ). To avoid risks due to a possible central respiratory control @entity308 by SO, all @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) were treated with a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) device. After 2  months of treatment with SO, all @entity1 underwent a follow-up overnight PSG to investigate possible newly occurring @entity387 . They also underwent a semi-structured clinical interview to monitor other potential SO side effects. RESULTS: At baseline, four out of 51 @entity1 showed simple snoring, and eight, mild to severe @entity27 . After a titration PSG night, @entity1 with @entity27 received a nCPAP device. After 2  months of SO treatment, 28 @entity1 (54.9%) showed SO-related side effects, including @entity387 in 11 (21.6%). The follow-up PSG showed a respiratory pattern characteristic of catathrenia in seven @entity1 (13.7%) as a newly observed and possibly benign SO side effect, and ruled out a worsening of @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: Catathrenia should be considered a possible side effect in NC @entity1 under SO treatment and should be accurately identified to prevent unnecessary SO withdrawal.

title: Catathrenia under @entity15221 in @entity2724 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['SRBD', 'sleep-related breathing disorders']

entities_list: @entity15221 :: ('MESH:D012978', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium oxybate']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnia']

answer: @entity2725 :: (MESH:D002385,Disease) :: ['cataplexy']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to report on catathrenia occurring in @entity2724 with @entity2725 (NC) @entity1 under @entity15221 (SO) treatment. Catathrenia is a @entity4939 characterized by groaning and an abnormal respiratory pattern during sleep. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with NC and starting SO therapy underwent a baseline overnight polysomnography (PSG) to detect any @entity387 ( @entity387 ). To avoid risks due to a possible central respiratory control @entity308 by SO, all @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) were treated with a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) device. After 2  months of treatment with SO, all @entity1 underwent a follow-up overnight PSG to investigate possible newly occurring @entity387 . They also underwent a semi-structured clinical interview to monitor other potential SO side effects. RESULTS: At baseline, four out of 51 @entity1 showed simple snoring, and eight, mild to severe @entity27 . After a titration PSG night, @entity1 with @entity27 received a nCPAP device. After 2  months of SO treatment, 28 @entity1 (54.9%) showed SO-related side effects, including @entity387 in 11 (21.6%). The follow-up PSG showed a respiratory pattern characteristic of catathrenia in seven @entity1 (13.7%) as a newly observed and possibly benign SO side effect, and ruled out a worsening of @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: Catathrenia should be considered a possible side effect in NC @entity1 under SO treatment and should be accurately identified to prevent unnecessary SO withdrawal.

title: Catathrenia under @entity15221 in XXXX with @entity2725 .

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['narcolepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to report on catathrenia occurring in @entity2724 with @entity2725 (NC) @entity1 under @entity15221 (SO) treatment. Catathrenia is a @entity4939 characterized by groaning and an abnormal respiratory pattern during sleep. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with NC and starting SO therapy underwent a baseline overnight polysomnography (PSG) to detect any @entity387 ( @entity387 ). To avoid risks due to a possible central respiratory control @entity308 by SO, all @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) were treated with a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) device. After 2  months of treatment with SO, all @entity1 underwent a follow-up overnight PSG to investigate possible newly occurring @entity387 . They also underwent a semi-structured clinical interview to monitor other potential SO side effects. RESULTS: At baseline, four out of 51 @entity1 showed simple snoring, and eight, mild to severe @entity27 . After a titration PSG night, @entity1 with @entity27 received a nCPAP device. After 2  months of SO treatment, 28 @entity1 (54.9%) showed SO-related side effects, including @entity387 in 11 (21.6%). The follow-up PSG showed a respiratory pattern characteristic of catathrenia in seven @entity1 (13.7%) as a newly observed and possibly benign SO side effect, and ruled out a worsening of @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: Catathrenia should be considered a possible side effect in NC @entity1 under SO treatment and should be accurately identified to prevent unnecessary SO withdrawal.

title: Catathrenia under XXXX in @entity2724 with @entity2725 .

answer: @entity15221 :: (MESH:D012978,Chemical) :: ['sodium oxybate']


abstract: Exercise, together with a low-energy diet, is the first-line treatment for @entity164 2 @entity6 . Exercise improves @entity1720 by increasing the number or function of muscle mitochondria mitochondria and the capacity for aerobic metabolism, all of which are low in many insulin-resistant subjects. Cannabinoid 1-receptor antagonists and b-adrenoceptor agonists improve insulin sensitivity in @entity1 and promote fat oxidation in rodents independently of reduced food intake. Current drugs for the treatment of @entity6 are not, however, noted for their ability to increase fat oxidation, although the @entity12721 increase the capacity for fat oxidation in skeletal muscle, whilst paradoxically increasing @entity1017 .There are a number of targets for anti- @entity6 drugs that may improve @entity1720 by increasing the capacity for fat oxidation. Their mechanisms of action are linked, notably through @entity860 -activated protein kinase, @entity1254 , and the sympathetic nervous system. If ligands for these targets have obvious acute thermogenic activity, it is often because they increase sympathetic activity. This promotes fuel mobilisation, as well as fuel oxidation. When thermogenesis thermogenesis is not obvious, researchers often argue that it has occurred by using the inappropriate device of treating animals for days or weeks until there is weight (mainly fat) loss and then expressing energy expenditure energy expenditure relative to body weight. In reality, thermogenesis may have occurred, but it is too small to detect, and this device distracts us from really appreciating why insulin sensitivity has improved. This is that by increasing @entity844 oxidation @entity844 oxidation more than @entity844 supply, drugs lower the concentrations of @entity844 metabolites that cause insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity improves long before any anti- @entity28 effect can be detected.

title: Thermogenesis and related metabolic targets in anti- XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin sensitivity insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Surface immunoglobulin (sIg) light chain analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 63 @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) was performed to determine the ratio of kappa-bearing lymphocytes to lambda-bearing lymphocytes (kappa/lambda ratio). In 43% an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio was detected, implying the presence of a malignant clone in the peripheral blood (clonal excess). In 67% of cases with an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio, the absolute lymphocyte count was within normal limits and 20% did not have morphologic bone marrow involvement. Light chain analysis of bone marrow aspirates was performed in three of four @entity1 with a circulating clone and normal bone marrow morphology. All three @entity1 had abnormal bone marrow aspirate kappa/lambda ratios. The presence of a circulating clone was associated with morphologic bone marrow involvement (P less than 0.05). Nine @entity1 with documented B-cell @entity1893 were followed with repeated examinations. The presence of a circulating clone persisted in two @entity1 refractory to therapy and in two @entity1 otherwise believed to be in remission. Conversion to an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio occurred in two @entity1 coincident with the development of new bone marrow involvement and in a third @entity1 prior to the onset of @entity1778 . In three instances, the PBL light chain analyses remained within normal limits in @entity1 with stable @entity3329 . The kappa/lambda ratio returned to normal in one @entity1 responding to treatment with a partial remission, and remained within normal limits despite progression of @entity3329 in one @entity1 , and @entity66 recurrence in another @entity1 . These findings suggest that the detection of a circulating clone by sIg light chain analysis may be useful as a noninvasive approach to identify disseminated disease activity unsuspected on the basis of morphologic evaluations, but may not reflect the presence, progression, or recurrence of localized tissue lesions.

title: Applications and limitations of peripheral blood lymphocyte immunoglobulin light chain analysis in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['frank leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term visual results in central @entity2994 (CRVO) following repeated intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB). METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 (aged 34 to 79 years) with a duration of CRVO of 2 weeks to 6 months (mean 2.5 months) had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.05 to 0.4 (mean 0.13) as determined by Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) chart. Clinical examination was carried out at baseline and every 6 to 8 weeks. Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) was given every 6 weeks during the first 6 months, and after that at the discretion of the attending physician. RESULTS: In total, 96 IVB (average 7.4/ @entity1 ) were given: 50 IVB during the first 6 months, 28 from 6 to 12 months, and 18 from 12 to 18 months. Average BCVA had improved 15 ETDRS letters at 3 months, 24 letters at 6 months, 24 letters at 12 months, and 18 letters at 18 months (p<0.05). Eight @entity1 (62%) had gained >15 ETDRS letters at 12 months, and 7 subjects (54%) >15 ETDRS letters at 18 months. Foveal thickness decreased from 596   m at baseline to 294   m at 18 months (p<0.05) and mean IOP from 15.2 mmHg to 15.8 mmHg. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Following repeated IVB, there was a significant gain of BCVA during the follow-up of 18 months. To maintain @entity227 , regular ophthalmologic examinations and repeated injections seem to be necessary as long as the disease is active.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab in central XXXX : 18-month results of a prospective clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual gain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To discuss @entity1 variables associated with swallowing dysfunction in @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity1 prior to intervention. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study. METHODS: All @entity1 included had newly diagnosed @entity135 . @entity1 undergoing instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to oncologic management were included for analysis. Pretreatment Penetration Aspiration Scores (PAS) were analyzed by @entity5 site, @entity5 stage, and standard demographic variables. RESULTS: The final study sample was comprised of 204 consecutive individuals with newly diagnosed @entity135 . @entity1 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity5 had higher mean PAS scores (5.18) in contrast to early stage larynx/hypopharynx (1.93), advanced stage oral cavity/oropharynx (2.24), and early stage oral cavity/oropharynx (1.54, P < .0001), indicative of poorer function. Age, race, and sex were not associated with PAS scores. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significantly poorer PAS scores in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 (odds ration [OR] = 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84-8.00, P < .0001) and laryngeal/hypopharyngeal primary site disease (OR = 3.04, 95% CI, 1.41-6.54, P = .004), after controlling for all other variables. CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates that swallowing dysfunction in high-risk @entity1 may be present in the pretreatment state and should be considered when determining candidacy for organ preservation modalities. These data highlight the importance of instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to intervention, particularly for those individuals with advanced stage and/or laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity5 .

title: Pretreatment swallowing assessment in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HNCA', 'head and neck cancer', 'head and neck malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'T', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To discuss @entity1 variables associated with swallowing dysfunction in @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity1 prior to intervention. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study. METHODS: All @entity1 included had newly diagnosed @entity135 . @entity1 undergoing instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to oncologic management were included for analysis. Pretreatment Penetration Aspiration Scores (PAS) were analyzed by @entity5 site, @entity5 stage, and standard demographic variables. RESULTS: The final study sample was comprised of 204 consecutive individuals with newly diagnosed @entity135 . @entity1 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity5 had higher mean PAS scores (5.18) in contrast to early stage larynx/hypopharynx (1.93), advanced stage oral cavity/oropharynx (2.24), and early stage oral cavity/oropharynx (1.54, P < .0001), indicative of poorer function. Age, race, and sex were not associated with PAS scores. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significantly poorer PAS scores in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 (odds ration [OR] = 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84-8.00, P < .0001) and laryngeal/hypopharyngeal primary site disease (OR = 3.04, 95% CI, 1.41-6.54, P = .004), after controlling for all other variables. CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates that swallowing dysfunction in high-risk @entity1 may be present in the pretreatment state and should be considered when determining candidacy for organ preservation modalities. These data highlight the importance of instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to intervention, particularly for those individuals with advanced stage and/or laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity5 .

title: Pretreatment swallowing assessment in @entity135 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the transition from pediatric to adult care, @entity1 are expected to increase their level of self-care. Knowledge of disease characteristics, medications, and resources is crucial. This study evaluated the knowledge of adolescents with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) and their parents in four major domains: disease characteristics, treatments, medical history, and health services resources. METHODS: @entity1 age 14-18 years and their parents completed MyHealth Passport for @entity29 as a cross-sectional assessment of knowledge. Responses were evaluated for accuracy using medical records. The proportion of correct responses between @entity1 /parents were compared. RESULTS: In all, 78 @entity1 (age 16.2    1.2 years, @entity29 duration 3.6    2.5 years), and 64 parents participated. @entity1 and parents were equally likely to answer questions correctly regarding disease characteristics and treatment, but not health services resources. Most @entity1 accurately identified @entity29 classification and listed medications. Neither @entity1 nor parents accurately identified disease location or previous investigation results. Parents more likely correctly named insurance provider (odds ratio [OR] 6.33, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.68-15.0), and pharmacy location (OR 18.5, 95% CI 4.6-76.8). Multivariate regression revealed that @entity1 with @entity29 type unclassified were more likely to be aware of their diagnostic classification (OR 17.2, 95% CI 2.81-105.4 compared with @entity30 @entity1 ). Older @entity1 were less likely to recall if they had a small bowel x-ray (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.996). CONCLUSIONS: Future educational interventions should target areas of weakness in adolescent knowledge, particularly health services resources. The MyHealth Passport for @entity29 (available freely online) could educate and instill independence in the transitioning adolescent.

title: Assessment of knowledge in adolescents with XXXX using a novel transition tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several treatment options exist for uncomplicated @entity1491 . Standardized and effective informed consent is difficult in busy dermatology clinics. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether an educational video depicting 3 treatment options for uncomplicated @entity1491 -excision, electrodessication and curettage, and topical therapy-before standard in-office informed consent affected @entity1 knowledge and consent time compared with standard in-office consent alone. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive video education plus verbal discussion (video) or standard verbal discussion alone (control). Both groups completed baseline and final knowledge assessments. The primary outcome measure was change in knowledge scores between groups. Secondary outcomes were @entity1 satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and informed consent time. RESULTS: In all, 32 eligible @entity1 (16 control, 16 video) from an academic institution and affiliate Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center dermatology clinics participated. The video group had significantly greater gains in knowledge compared with the control group (mean      SD: 9      3.6 vs 2.9      2.2) (P  =  .0048). There was no significant difference in total consent time between groups. @entity1 and physicians were highly satisfied with the video. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and slight methodological difference between recruitment sites are limitations. CONCLUSION: Video-based education for @entity1491 improved @entity1 knowledge with no  additional physician time when compared with standard communication.

title: A video-based educational pilot for XXXX ( @entity1491 ) treatment: A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several treatment options exist for uncomplicated @entity1491 . Standardized and effective informed consent is difficult in busy dermatology clinics. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether an educational video depicting 3 treatment options for uncomplicated @entity1491 -excision, electrodessication and curettage, and topical therapy-before standard in-office informed consent affected @entity1 knowledge and consent time compared with standard in-office consent alone. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive video education plus verbal discussion (video) or standard verbal discussion alone (control). Both groups completed baseline and final knowledge assessments. The primary outcome measure was change in knowledge scores between groups. Secondary outcomes were @entity1 satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and informed consent time. RESULTS: In all, 32 eligible @entity1 (16 control, 16 video) from an academic institution and affiliate Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center dermatology clinics participated. The video group had significantly greater gains in knowledge compared with the control group (mean      SD: 9      3.6 vs 2.9      2.2) (P  =  .0048). There was no significant difference in total consent time between groups. @entity1 and physicians were highly satisfied with the video. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and slight methodological difference between recruitment sites are limitations. CONCLUSION: Video-based education for @entity1491 improved @entity1 knowledge with no  additional physician time when compared with standard communication.

title: A video-based educational pilot for @entity1491 ( XXXX ) treatment: A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['BCC']


abstract: Sertoli cells were isolated from the testes of 3-week-old sterile @entity35 (prenatally irradiated) and incubated for 3 days in the absence of added hormones. Subsequently the effects of follitropin and insulin on @entity413 metabolism were investigated using this in vitro system. A marked stimulation of net @entity880 production by either follitropin or insulin was observed within 3 h after addition of the hormones. This response was not inhibited in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 . Production of @entity268 by the Sertoli cells was markedly enhanced by @entity43554 , but not at all by insulin. The addition of 0.5 mM @entity8279 to the incubation medium also resulted in a rapid increase of the rate of @entity880 production by the Sertoli cells. The stimulation of @entity880 production by follitropin and insulin was dose-dependent (ED50 of approx. 10 ng NIH-FSH-S13/ml and of approx. 50 ng insulin/ml). It is suggested that the observed effects of insulin on Sertoli cells are mediated via insulin receptors, rather than via receptors for insulin-like growth factors. Within 18 h after addition of either follitropin or insulin the cells became refractory with respect to @entity880 production to the homologous hormone, whereas the cells could still respond to the heterologous hormone. It is concluded, that follitropin and insulin, acting via different mechanisms, exert similar rapid stimulatory effects on @entity413 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature @entity35 in vitro. These effects are not dependent on de novo protein synthesis and may differ from long-term trophic effects of follitropin, insulin, and/or insulin-like growth factors.

title: Comparison of the effects of insulin and follitropin on XXXX metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity43554 :: ('MESH:D005640', 'Chemical') :: ['follitropin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Sertoli cells were isolated from the testes of 3-week-old sterile @entity35 (prenatally irradiated) and incubated for 3 days in the absence of added hormones. Subsequently the effects of follitropin and insulin on @entity413 metabolism were investigated using this in vitro system. A marked stimulation of net @entity880 production by either follitropin or insulin was observed within 3 h after addition of the hormones. This response was not inhibited in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 . Production of @entity268 by the Sertoli cells was markedly enhanced by @entity43554 , but not at all by insulin. The addition of 0.5 mM @entity8279 to the incubation medium also resulted in a rapid increase of the rate of @entity880 production by the Sertoli cells. The stimulation of @entity880 production by follitropin and insulin was dose-dependent (ED50 of approx. 10 ng NIH-FSH-S13/ml and of approx. 50 ng insulin/ml). It is suggested that the observed effects of insulin on Sertoli cells are mediated via insulin receptors, rather than via receptors for insulin-like growth factors. Within 18 h after addition of either follitropin or insulin the cells became refractory with respect to @entity880 production to the homologous hormone, whereas the cells could still respond to the heterologous hormone. It is concluded, that follitropin and insulin, acting via different mechanisms, exert similar rapid stimulatory effects on @entity413 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature @entity35 in vitro. These effects are not dependent on de novo protein synthesis and may differ from long-term trophic effects of follitropin, insulin, and/or insulin-like growth factors.

title: Comparison of the effects of insulin and follitropin on @entity413 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between prethrombotic biomarkers and traditional Uyghur medicinal syndromes of @entity5 . METHODS: One hundred and fifty-nine @entity5 inpatients were randomly selected and typed according to traditional Uyghur medicine theories. The expressions of peripheral platelet membrane glucoprotein ( @entity1427 and @entity8729 ), levels of serum endothelin ( @entity2232 ), plasma @entity3479 ), plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ), plasma @entity2002 ( @entity2002 ), prothrombin time (PT), and @entity556 time (TT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were detected by flow cytometry, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. RESULTS: The @entity1 were typed as 68 of abnormal Savda syndrome, 34 of abnormal Khan syndrome, 31 of the @entity854 , and 26 of the @entity854 . Compared with the control group, the levels of @entity8729 , @entity2289 , and @entity2232 increased, levels of @entity2002 and @entity3479 decreased, PT prolongated and APTT shortened in the abnormal Savda group and the non-abnormal Savda group (including abnormal Khan, abnormal Sepra, and abnormal Belghem types) (all P < 0.05). No significant difference of @entity1427 or TT was shown in inter-group comparison (P > 0.05). Compared with abnormal Khan and Belghem groups, the @entity2232 level increased in the abnormal Savda group (P < 0.05). Compared with the abnormal Sepra group, the @entity8729 positive percentage increased in abnormal Savda group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in @entity1427 positive percentage, @entity3479 or @entity2289 contents, PT, TT, or APTT was shown in @entity1 of different traditional Uyghur medicine syndrome groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prethrombotic changes existed in @entity5 @entity1 of different Uyghur abnormal syndrome types, manifested as injuries of vessel epithelial cells, platelet activation, @entity101 , lowered fibrinolytic function. The prethrombotic changes were more obviously seen in the abnormal Savda group.

title: [Study on the correlation between prethrombotic biomarkers and traditional Uyghur medicinal syndromes of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased blood viscosity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal Sepra syndrome', 'abnormal Belghem syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumor']


abstract: For many years surgery has been the treatment of choice for @entity957 , but it is now becoming apparent that well-planned definitive radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy may obviate the need for an abdomino-perineal resection. Since 1976, 33 @entity1 with this disease were treated at Highland Hospital by radiation therapy combined with @entity1487 and @entity1138 for sensitization. Four of these @entity1 underwent a planned abdomino-perineal resection following therapy; the operative specimens of all four @entity1 were negative for @entity5 . Twenty-nine @entity1 were treated by the above method without surgery in a definitive manner and local control was achieved in 89.6% of @entity1 . Radiation therapy combined with @entity1487 and @entity1138 for sensitization has also been used in an effort to improve the resectability rate of large @entity5 and ultimately the 5-year survival of @entity1 with this disease. Fifty-eight @entity1 with marginally resectable @entity188 were treated pre-operatively by this regimen. The method of administration of the chemotherapeutic agents used for sensitization appears to be an important factor in obtaining an increased therapeutic ratio. Thirty-three @entity1 have been followed for a minimum of 5 years with an 84.9% local control rate; 63.7% are alive and well, and 9.1% have died of intercurrent disease. An additional 22 @entity1 have been treated with this regimen for recurrent @entity5584 and 9.9% are alive and well at 5 years. Radiation therapy combined with @entity1487 and @entity1138 for sensitization purposes appears to be effective in downstaging @entity189 at surgery with a resultant survival rate superior to that following surgery alone.

title: The use of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy in the management of XXXX and marginally resectable @entity188 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the anus']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal disease']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the anus']


abstract: For many years surgery has been the treatment of choice for @entity957 , but it is now becoming apparent that well-planned definitive radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy may obviate the need for an abdomino-perineal resection. Since 1976, 33 @entity1 with this disease were treated at Highland Hospital by radiation therapy combined with @entity1487 and @entity1138 for sensitization. Four of these @entity1 underwent a planned abdomino-perineal resection following therapy; the operative specimens of all four @entity1 were negative for @entity5 . Twenty-nine @entity1 were treated by the above method without surgery in a definitive manner and local control was achieved in 89.6% of @entity1 . Radiation therapy combined with @entity1487 and @entity1138 for sensitization has also been used in an effort to improve the resectability rate of large @entity5 and ultimately the 5-year survival of @entity1 with this disease. Fifty-eight @entity1 with marginally resectable @entity188 were treated pre-operatively by this regimen. The method of administration of the chemotherapeutic agents used for sensitization appears to be an important factor in obtaining an increased therapeutic ratio. Thirty-three @entity1 have been followed for a minimum of 5 years with an 84.9% local control rate; 63.7% are alive and well, and 9.1% have died of intercurrent disease. An additional 22 @entity1 have been treated with this regimen for recurrent @entity5584 and 9.9% are alive and well at 5 years. Radiation therapy combined with @entity1487 and @entity1138 for sensitization purposes appears to be effective in downstaging @entity189 at surgery with a resultant survival rate superior to that following surgery alone.

title: The use of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy in the management of @entity957 and marginally resectable XXXX .

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']


abstract: Between January 1976 and March 1982, 80 @entity1 with histologically proven diagnosis of @entity957 of the tonsillar region were treated with definitive radiotherapy. Sixty-five (81%) of these @entity1 had locally advanced @entity5 (Stage III and IV); 49% of @entity1 had clinically palpable cervical @entity3329 . All @entity1 received a combined external megavoltage and interstitial irradiation. The dose of external irradiation was limited to 4500-5000 cGy over 41/2 to 51/2 weeks. This was followed by interstitial 192iridium implants to doses of 2000-2500 cGy in 50-60 hours for T1, T2 lesions and 3000-4000 cGy in 60-100 hours for T3 , T4 lesions. The neck masses were also separately implanted to deliver additional doses of 2000-4000 cGy in 50-80 hours. Overall @entity5 control was observed in 84% of @entity1 with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. An absolute 3-year disease free survival of the entire group was 72%. Treatment related complications such as soft tissue @entity39 or @entity7190 occurred in 6% (5/80) of @entity1 . The salvage of neck failures and local failures was possible in 78 and 38% of @entity1 , respectively, either by surgery or by re-irradiation employing interstitial 192iridium implants. Functional and esthetic integrity was well preserved in most cases.

title: Limited external irradiation and interstitial 192iridium implant in the treatment of XXXX of the tonsillar region.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies regarding the epidemiology of essential @entity400 (ET) and its @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) have been conducted to date. We thus conducted a door-to-door survey to investigate the ET and its @entity1109 and their clinical manifestations in a rural area of Shanghai, China. METHODS: We recruited 19,614 residents (>= 50 years old), living in Malu town, Shanghai. Investigations were divided into two steps. In first step, trained physicians conducted door-to-door surveys and reported probable ET subjects to @entity717 specialists. In the second step, @entity1 with suspected ET had their diagnosis confirmed by @entity717 specialists. We randomly selected 123 subjects from those adults who screened negative for neurological conditions as healthy controls for the study of @entity1109 . RESULTS: The prevalence of ET in individuals (>= 50 years old) was 0.306% (PR  =  3.06 per 1000). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were lower in ET @entity1 than in controls (25.81      4.20 vs. 26.63      3.14,  P=  0.024). Complaints of @entity4531 reported by ET @entity1 were significantly higher than those in controls (P  <  0.05). In contrast, we did not observe a significant difference for other @entity1109 between ET @entity1 and controls, including olfactory function (P  =  0.82), @entity308 (P  =  0.94), and @entity735 movement @entity146 (RBD) (P  =  0.71). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ET in @entity1 >= 50 years old in a rural area of Shanghai China is low. Prevalence of certain NMSs was higher among @entity1 with ET relative to health controls.

title: Prevalence and clinical features of XXXX of essential @entity400 in Shanghai rural area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'non-motor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['non-motor symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies regarding the epidemiology of essential @entity400 (ET) and its @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) have been conducted to date. We thus conducted a door-to-door survey to investigate the ET and its @entity1109 and their clinical manifestations in a rural area of Shanghai, China. METHODS: We recruited 19,614 residents (>= 50 years old), living in Malu town, Shanghai. Investigations were divided into two steps. In first step, trained physicians conducted door-to-door surveys and reported probable ET subjects to @entity717 specialists. In the second step, @entity1 with suspected ET had their diagnosis confirmed by @entity717 specialists. We randomly selected 123 subjects from those adults who screened negative for neurological conditions as healthy controls for the study of @entity1109 . RESULTS: The prevalence of ET in individuals (>= 50 years old) was 0.306% (PR  =  3.06 per 1000). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were lower in ET @entity1 than in controls (25.81      4.20 vs. 26.63      3.14,  P=  0.024). Complaints of @entity4531 reported by ET @entity1 were significantly higher than those in controls (P  <  0.05). In contrast, we did not observe a significant difference for other @entity1109 between ET @entity1 and controls, including olfactory function (P  =  0.82), @entity308 (P  =  0.94), and @entity735 movement @entity146 (RBD) (P  =  0.71). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ET in @entity1 >= 50 years old in a rural area of Shanghai China is low. Prevalence of certain NMSs was higher among @entity1 with ET relative to health controls.

title: Prevalence and clinical features of @entity1109 of essential XXXX in Shanghai rural area.

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current indices fail to consistently predict risk for major adverse @entity299 after major @entity2720 . METHODS: All primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and @entity572 ( @entity572 ) were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set. Based on prior analyses, age >= 80 years, history of @entity101 , and history of @entity299 were evaluated as predictors of @entity583 and @entity1167 using stepwise multivariate logistic regression. A series of predictive scores were constructed and weighted to identify the influence of each variable on 30-day postoperative @entity299 , while comparing with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). RESULTS: Among 85,129 @entity1 , age >= 80 years, @entity101 , and a history of @entity299 were all statistically significant predictors of postoperative @entity299 (0.32%; n  = 275) after @entity348 and @entity572 (P   <= .02). Equal weighting of all variables maintained the highest discriminative capacity in both @entity572 and @entity348 cohorts. Adjusted models explained 75% and 71% of the variation in postoperative @entity299 for those with @entity572 and @entity348 , respectively, without statistically significant lack of fit (P  = .52; P  = .23, respectively). Conversely, the RCRI was not a significant predictor of postoperative @entity299 after @entity348 (odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI, 0.19, 58.04; P  = .40), although it maintained a similar discriminative capacity after @entity572 (76%). CONCLUSION: The current @entity2720 Cardiac Risk Index score was the most economical in predicting @entity260 after primary unilateral @entity348 and @entity572 . The RCRI was not a significant predictor of perioperative @entity299 for @entity348 @entity1 but performed similarly to the current model for @entity572 .

title: The Total Joint Arthroplasty Cardiac Risk Index for Predicting Perioperative @entity583 and XXXX After Primary Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cardiac complication']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current indices fail to consistently predict risk for major adverse @entity299 after major @entity2720 . METHODS: All primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and @entity572 ( @entity572 ) were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set. Based on prior analyses, age >= 80 years, history of @entity101 , and history of @entity299 were evaluated as predictors of @entity583 and @entity1167 using stepwise multivariate logistic regression. A series of predictive scores were constructed and weighted to identify the influence of each variable on 30-day postoperative @entity299 , while comparing with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). RESULTS: Among 85,129 @entity1 , age >= 80 years, @entity101 , and a history of @entity299 were all statistically significant predictors of postoperative @entity299 (0.32%; n  = 275) after @entity348 and @entity572 (P   <= .02). Equal weighting of all variables maintained the highest discriminative capacity in both @entity572 and @entity348 cohorts. Adjusted models explained 75% and 71% of the variation in postoperative @entity299 for those with @entity572 and @entity348 , respectively, without statistically significant lack of fit (P  = .52; P  = .23, respectively). Conversely, the RCRI was not a significant predictor of postoperative @entity299 after @entity348 (odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI, 0.19, 58.04; P  = .40), although it maintained a similar discriminative capacity after @entity572 (76%). CONCLUSION: The current @entity2720 Cardiac Risk Index score was the most economical in predicting @entity260 after primary unilateral @entity348 and @entity572 . The RCRI was not a significant predictor of perioperative @entity299 for @entity348 @entity1 but performed similarly to the current model for @entity572 .

title: The Total Joint Arthroplasty Cardiac Risk Index for Predicting Perioperative XXXX and @entity1167 After Primary Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity270 -diffused highly cross-linked @entity691 (VEPE) was developed to reduce oxidation without compromising mechanical strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate VEPE in  vivo using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS: Fifty-one hips were enrolled. Each @entity1 received a VEPE liner, a porous @entity702 shell, and an uncemented stem with a 32-mm @entity1953 -chrome femoral head. Tantalum beads were inserted into the VEPE to measure femoral head penetration using RSA. RSA radiographs and PROMs were obtained preoperatively immediately after surgery, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Forty-seven hips returned at 3 years, and 42 hip at 5 years. The mean    standard error of the mean proximal head penetration into the @entity691 was 0.06    0.01 at 5 years. The amount of head penetration did not change significantly with increasing time in  vivo. The mean    standard error of the mean Harris Hip Score was 58    2 preoperatively, which improved significantly to 93    2 at 5 years (P  <  .001). CONCLUSION: The head penetration into VEPE liners was low compared with non-VEPE at 5 years. After settling of the liners in the early period, no significant head penetration occurred from 2- to 5-year follow-up. All PROMs improved significantly from preoperative to postoperative and remained very favorable at 5 years. This study documents the longest-term evaluation of in  vivo wear performance of VEPE.

title: Five-Year Experience of @entity270 -Diffused Highly Cross-Linked XXXX Wear in Total Hip Arthroplasty Assessed by Radiostereometric Analysis.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity270 -diffused highly cross-linked @entity691 (VEPE) was developed to reduce oxidation without compromising mechanical strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate VEPE in  vivo using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS: Fifty-one hips were enrolled. Each @entity1 received a VEPE liner, a porous @entity702 shell, and an uncemented stem with a 32-mm @entity1953 -chrome femoral head. Tantalum beads were inserted into the VEPE to measure femoral head penetration using RSA. RSA radiographs and PROMs were obtained preoperatively immediately after surgery, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Forty-seven hips returned at 3 years, and 42 hip at 5 years. The mean    standard error of the mean proximal head penetration into the @entity691 was 0.06    0.01 at 5 years. The amount of head penetration did not change significantly with increasing time in  vivo. The mean    standard error of the mean Harris Hip Score was 58    2 preoperatively, which improved significantly to 93    2 at 5 years (P  <  .001). CONCLUSION: The head penetration into VEPE liners was low compared with non-VEPE at 5 years. After settling of the liners in the early period, no significant head penetration occurred from 2- to 5-year follow-up. All PROMs improved significantly from preoperative to postoperative and remained very favorable at 5 years. This study documents the longest-term evaluation of in  vivo wear performance of VEPE.

title: Five-Year Experience of XXXX -Diffused Highly Cross-Linked @entity691 Wear in Total Hip Arthroplasty Assessed by Radiostereometric Analysis.

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin E']


abstract: The association of mortality with @entity1 factors (severity of @entity221 , comorbidity), physician factors (specialty training, prehospitalisation visit, in-hospital consultation, volume of @entity1 seen per physician) and healthcare organisation factors ( @entity1 -travel distances, regional beds per capita, admitting hospital-bed occupancy, admitting hospital-bed turnover, hospital location, volume of @entity55 cases per hospital) after hospital admission with community-acquired @entity55 was investigated using administrative data from Alberta, Canada from April 1, 1994-March 31, 1999. During the 5-yr study period there were 43,642 @entity55 hospitalisations, with an 11% in-hospital and 26% 1-yr mortality. @entity1 severity of @entity221 and comorbidity were the strongest predictors of increased mortality. Physicians with the highest in-hospital @entity55 @entity1 volume (>27 @entity1 x yr(-1)) cared for @entity1 with greater severity/comorbidity, but with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality, compared with the lowest volume physicians (less than seven @entity1 per year). The effects of internal medicine specialist or subspecialist care were mixed, with a reduction in deaths for the first 72 h and an increase in in-hospital deaths. Prehospitalisation visit by a physician was associated with decreased mortality. Healthcare organisation factors were the least strong predictor of mortality, demonstrating an effect only for 1-yr mortality in those discharged alive from hospital. Admissions to larger volume or metropolitan hospitals were associated with a decrease in mortality. Severity of @entity221 and comorbidity had the strongest association with mortality. The first association of high-volume physician and pre-hospital care with decreased in-hospital mortality for community-acquired @entity55 is reported.

title: Mortality during hospitalisation for XXXX in Alberta, Canada, is associated with physician volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4436 is a common condition with a broad spectrum of disease severity. A scoring system has been proposed for diagnosing @entity4436 , and a number of scoring systems exist for predicting prognosis associated with severe complications of @entity4436 such as @entity298 . However, predicting disease severity has not received as much attention. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify the factors that are predictive of severe @entity697 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify papers that evaluated factors predictive of severe @entity4436 . Severe @entity4436 was defined as complicated @entity4436 (associated with @entity548 , @entity733 , phlegmon, perforation, purulent/ @entity298 , @entity850 , @entity292 , or @entity1744 ) or @entity4436 that resulted in prolonged hospital admission, surgical intervention or death. RESULTS: Twenty one articles were included. Studies were categorised into those that identified @entity1 characteristics (n  =  12), medications (n  =  5), biochemical markers (n  =  8) or imaging (n  =  3) as predictors. Predictors for severe @entity4436 included first episode of @entity4436 , co-morbidities (Charlson score  >=   3), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, @entity479 use, a high CRP on admission and severe disease on radiological imaging. Age and gender were not associated with disease severity. CONCLUSION: A number of predictors exist for identifying severe @entity4436 , and CT remains the gold standard for diagnosing complicated disease. @entity1 who present with identified risk factors for severe disease warrant early imaging, closer in- @entity1 observation and a lower threshold for early surgical intervention. @entity1 without these factors may be suitable for outpatient-based treatment.

title: Predictors of XXXX severity: A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis', 'Diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['faecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diverticulitis']


abstract: The treatment of @entity68 poisoning has typically not included the administration of activated charcoal due to the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated good adsorption of @entity68 in a variety of pH ranges that were comparable to those found with other drugs for which activated charcoal is clinically used. This study was designed to determine whether activated charcoal altered the gastrointestinal absorption of toxic doses of @entity68 as @entity20150 in an in vivo model. Seventy-five male @entity35 were randomly assigned into 5 groups: control given only distilled water; 100 mg elemental @entity68 and water; 1:1 charcoal to @entity68 ; 2:1 charcoal to @entity68 ; and 4:1 charcoal to @entity68 . All treatments were administered consecutively by gavage within 5 min. Physiological measurements and blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 4 and 8 h after treatment. There were no consistent differences in physiological measurements among the 5 groups. Mean serum @entity68 concentrations did not differ among Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the 4 sampling times except at I h between Groups 4 and 5. The area under the curve for serum @entity68 concentrations did not differ among the treatment groups. Activated charcoal did not alter the extent of @entity68 absorption in the experimental model.

title: Activated charcoal and the absorption of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity20150 :: ('MESH:C020748', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous sulfate']

answer: @entity20150 :: (MESH:C020748,Chemical) :: ['ferrous sulfate']


abstract: The treatment of @entity68 poisoning has typically not included the administration of activated charcoal due to the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated good adsorption of @entity68 in a variety of pH ranges that were comparable to those found with other drugs for which activated charcoal is clinically used. This study was designed to determine whether activated charcoal altered the gastrointestinal absorption of toxic doses of @entity68 as @entity20150 in an in vivo model. Seventy-five male @entity35 were randomly assigned into 5 groups: control given only distilled water; 100 mg elemental @entity68 and water; 1:1 charcoal to @entity68 ; 2:1 charcoal to @entity68 ; and 4:1 charcoal to @entity68 . All treatments were administered consecutively by gavage within 5 min. Physiological measurements and blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 4 and 8 h after treatment. There were no consistent differences in physiological measurements among the 5 groups. Mean serum @entity68 concentrations did not differ among Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the 4 sampling times except at I h between Groups 4 and 5. The area under the curve for serum @entity68 concentrations did not differ among the treatment groups. Activated charcoal did not alter the extent of @entity68 absorption in the experimental model.

title: Activated charcoal and the absorption of @entity20150 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity158 , @entity2146 , and @entity933 in adult @entity1 in the ICU suggest that @entity158 be routinely assessed using a validated @entity158 assessment tool. Currently available tools have only been evaluated in nondelirious @entity3124 @entity1 , yet @entity933 can affect as many as 80% of ICU @entity1 . The validated @entity158 assessment tool adopted by our institution is the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and the objective of this study was to investigate the validity of this tool in @entity1 with evidence of @entity933 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two ICUs within a Canadian tertiary healthcare center. @entity1 : Forty consecutive adult @entity1 deemed delirious on the day of enrollment using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serial Critical Care Pain Observation Tool assessments were conducted simultaneously by study personnel and objective nurses at baseline and after nonpainful and @entity158 stimuli. Subjective opinions about @entity158 and objective physical variables (including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and @entity26 saturation) were collected at the same time points. Discriminant validity was described using paired t tests, whereas internal consistency was described using the Cronbach a statistic. Responsiveness of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool was measured by effect size, and reliability was described as the agreement between raters. Comparisons between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the subjective assessments and objective measurements were based on positive and negative percent agreement. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool demonstrated excellent discriminant validity as evidenced by a highly statistically and clinically significant change in mean Critical Care Pain Observation Tool scores between baseline and @entity158 procedures (mean difference, 3.13        1.56; p < 0.001; Cohen D, 2.0). Interrater agreement was also excellent (k > 0.6), and scores between raters were highly correlated (r = 0.957). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool possessed a high level of internal consistency (overall Cronbach a, 0.778). Percent agreement was found to be greater between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the nurse's subjective opinion of the presence or absence of @entity158 when compared with that between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic variables (80.5% vs 67.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a valid @entity158 assessment tool in noncomatose, delirious adult ICU @entity1 who are unable to reliably self-report the presence or absence of @entity158 .

title: Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in XXXX @entity1 With @entity933 : A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critically Ill']