abstract: UNASSIGNED: Risk factors for the development of @entity835 ( @entity835 ) have been well-researched. Comparatively little is known, however, about factors associated with the persistence of @entity835 over time. This research explored whether the temporal sequencing of comorbid @entity146 in relation to the onset of the index @entity5099 episode were associated with the length of this episode. Four comprehensive diagnostic assessments were conducted between ages 16 and 30 with a large and regionally representative community sample (n = 816), among which 173 @entity1 were diagnosed with a lifetime @entity5099 . In separate unadjusted analyses, any internalizing disorder and any @entity1316 with onset prior to that of the index @entity5099 episode were each significantly and negatively associated with @entity5099 duration. These effects, however, were reduced to trend level in adjusted analyses that controlled for putative confounders. Following the onset of the index @entity5099 episode, the subsequent occurrence of any @entity74 , internalizing @entity74 , or other substance use disorder during the index @entity5099 episode was significantly and positively associated with the duration of that episode in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. These findings collectively suggest that the presence of internalizing-spectrum disorders prior to the onset of the index @entity5099 episode affords some modest protection against protracted episodes, whereas the emergence of broad-spectrum psychopathology within the index @entity5099 episode, most notably noncannabis substance use disorders, is associated with @entity74 persistence. The relevance of these findings for various motivational models of @entity835 is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Association of Comorbid Psychopathology With the Duration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['CUDs', 'cannabis use disorders', 'cannabis addiction']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder, externalizing disorder', 'greater disorder', 'Axis I disorder']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['Cannabis Use Disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 shows a great diversity in its clinical behavior which cannot be easily predicted using the currently available clinical or pathological markers. The identification of pathways associated with lymph node @entity3 (N+) and recurrent @entity213 ( @entity213 ) may increase our understanding of the complex biology of this disease. METHODS: Tumor samples were obtained from untreated @entity213 @entity1 undergoing surgery. @entity1 were classified according to pathologic lymph node status (positive or negative) or @entity5 recurrence (recurrent or non-recurrent @entity5 ) after treatment (surgery with neck dissection followed by radiotherapy). Using microarray gene expression, we screened @entity5 samples according to modules comprised by genes in the same pathway or functional category. RESULTS: The most frequent alterations were the repression of modules in negative lymph node (N0) and in non-recurrent @entity5 rather than induction of modules in N+ or in recurrent @entity5 . N0 @entity5 showed repression of modules that contain cell survival genes and in non-recurrent @entity5 cell-cell signaling and extracellular region modules were repressed. CONCLUSIONS: The repression of modules that contain cell survival genes in N0 @entity5 reinforces the important role that apoptosis plays in the regulation of @entity3 . In addition, because @entity5 samples used here were not microdissected, @entity5 gene expression data are represented together with the stroma, which may reveal signaling between the microenvironment and @entity5 cells. For instance, in non-recurrent @entity5 , extracellular region module was repressed, indicating that the stroma and @entity5 cells may have fewer interactions, which disable @entity3 development. Finally, the genes highlighted in our analysis can be implicated in more than one pathway or characteristic, suggesting that therapeutic approaches to prevent @entity5 progression should target more than one gene or pathway, specially apoptosis and interactions between @entity5 cells and the stroma.

title: Functional microarray analysis suggests repressed cell-cell signaling and cell survival-related modules inhibit progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Traditionally @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) stage N2 is considered as a contraindication for curative resection. We investigated the outcome of @entity1 with microscopic N2 disease, who underwent potentially curative resections. The independent effects of lobectomy vs. pneumonectomy, histology subtype, body mass index (BMI), sex, and PET-scanning were investigated. An N2 survival risk score was calculated and correlated with survival. Benchmarking revealed no discrepancies in our stage-specific survival data against the seventh edition of the International Association for the Study of @entity2 (IASLC) results. Of 1999 lung resections for primary @entity2 , 146 were pathologically staged as N2. @entity1 with resected microscopic N2 disease had a five-year survival equivalent to stage T3N1, P=0.39. Univariate analysis suggested pneumonectomy and T stage 3 as significant predictors of poor survival. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, BMI>30  kg/m(2), pneumonectomy, squamous type and positron emission tomography (PET)-scan all had a significant effect on survival, P<0.05. A low N2 survival risk score was associated with increased survival, P=0.001. Resecting microscopic N2 disease in @entity1149 may be appropriate in some @entity1 . An N2 survival scoring system may help select @entity1 for surgery, and help evaluate adjuvant and neoadjuvant publications with regard to microscopic N2 disease.

title: Should we operate on microscopic N2 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Lung Cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficiencies of T cell based immunotherapies are affected by insufficient migration and activation of @entity5 specific effector T cells in the @entity5 . Accumulating evidence exists on the ability of ionizing radiation to modify the @entity5 microenvironment and generate @entity32 . The aim of this phase I/II clinical trial is to evaluate whether low dose single fraction radiotherapy can improve T cell associated antitumor immune response in @entity1 with @entity788 . METHODS/DESIGN: This trial has been designed as an investigator initiated; prospective randomised, 4-armed, controlled Phase I/II trial. @entity1 who are candidates for resection of @entity788 will be randomized into 4 arms. A total of 40 @entity1 will be enrolled. The @entity1 receive 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy or 5 Gy radiation precisely targeted to their @entity3123 . Radiation will be delivered by external beam radiotherapy using a 6 MV Linac with IMRT technique 48 h prior to the surgical resection. The primary objective is the determination of an active local external beam radiation dose, leading to @entity5 infiltrating T cells as a surrogate parameter for antitumor activity. Secondary objectives include @entity5 control and recurrence patterns, survival, radiogenic treatment @entity137 and postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as quality of life. Further, frequencies of @entity5 reactive T cells in blood and bone marrow as well as whole blood cell transcriptomics and plasma-proteomics will be correlated with clinical outcome. An interim analysis will be performed after the enrollment of 20 @entity1 for safety reasons. The evaluation of the primary endpoint will start four weeks after the last @entity1 's enrollment. DISCUSSION: This trial will answer the question whether a low dose radiotherapy localized to the @entity788 only can increase the number of @entity5 infiltrating T cells and thus potentially enhance the antitumor immune response. The study will also investigate the prognostic and predictive value of radiation-induced T cell activity along with transcriptomic and proteomic data with respect to clinical outcome.

title: Randomized controlled phase I/II study to investigate immune stimulatory effects by low dose radiotherapy in primarily operable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated criteria for classifying @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) into treatment-based subgroups. A comprehensive algorithm was created to translate these criteria into a clinical decision-making guide. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the translation of the individual subgroup criteria into a comprehensive algorithm by studying the prevalence of @entity1 meeting the criteria for each treatment subgroup and the reliability of the classification. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional, observational study. METHODS: Two hundred fifty @entity1 with acute or subacute @entity1643 were recruited from the United States and Australia to participate in the study. Trained physical therapists performed standardized assessments on all @entity1 . The researchers used these findings to classify @entity1 into subgroups. Thirty-one @entity1 were reassessed to determine interrater reliability of the algorithm decision. RESULTS: Based on individual subgroup criteria, 25.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]=19.8%-30.6%) of the @entity1 did not meet the criteria for any subgroup, 49.6% (95% CI=43.4%-55.8%) of the @entity1 met the criteria for only one subgroup, and 25.2% (95% CI=19.8%-30.6%) of the @entity1 met the criteria for more than one subgroup. The most common combination of subgroups was manipulation + specific exercise (68.4% of the @entity1 who met the criteria for 2 subgroups). Reliability of the algorithm decision was moderate (kappa=0.52, 95% CI=0.27-0.77, percentage of agreement=67%). LIMITATIONS: Due to a relatively small @entity1 sample, reliability estimates are somewhat imprecise. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide important clinical data to guide future research and revisions to the algorithm. The finding that 25% of the @entity1 met the criteria for more than one subgroup has important implications for the sequencing of treatments in the algorithm. Likewise, the finding that 25% of the @entity1 did not meet the criteria for any subgroup provides important information regarding potential revisions to the algorithm's bottom table (which guides unclear classifications). Reliability of the algorithm is sufficient for clinical use.

title: Evaluation of a treatment-based classification algorithm for XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 born very low birth weight (VLBW) are at risk for low health-related quality of life (HRQoL), compared with normal-birth-weight peers, and racial disparities may compound the difference. @entity565 is the most pervasive health problem among VLBW @entity1 and is also more common among black than white @entity1 , partly due to unfavourable environmental exposures. This study explores racial disparities in HRQoL among VLBW @entity1 and examines whether potential disparities can be explained by @entity565 . METHODS: The study population was the Newborn Lung Project, a cohort of @entity1 (n=660) born VLBW in 2003-2004 in Wisconsin, USA, who were followed up at age 2-3. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the contributions of @entity565 , neighbourhood disadvantage, and other @entity1 and family socio-demographic covariates, to racial disparities in HRQoL at age 2-3. A @entity1 's HRQoL was measured using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0. RESULTS: VLBW, black, non-Hispanic @entity1 , on average, score nearly 4 points lower (p<0.01) on HRQoL than do white, non-Hispanic @entity1 . Including @entity565 reduces the difference between black and white @entity1 from -3.6 (p<0.01) to 0.08 (p>0.05). The authors found no evidence that the relationship between @entity565 and HRQoL differs by race. The interaction between neighbourhood disadvantage and @entity565 is statistically significant, with further examination suggesting that racial disparities are particularly pronounced in the most advantaged neighbourhoods. CONCLUSION: The authors found that the @entity234 in HRQoL among 2-3-year-old VLBW @entity1 likely stems from a high prevalence of @entity565 . Neighbourhood attributes did not further explain the disparity, as the racial difference was particularly pronounced in advantaged neighbourhoods.

title: Racial disparities in health-related quality of life in a cohort of very-low-birth-weight 2- and 3-year-olds with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'asthma and neighbourhood disadvantage', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['black disadvantage']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The aim of this research was the estimation of the dynamic sequential CT scanning (d-CT) method of the cirrhotic liver. The examined group consisted of 23 @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 , average age--57) histopathologically diagnosed as the cirrhotic liver. Dynamic CT scanning was performed 30-40 seconds after contrast material injection administered with an automatic syringe in the amount of 125 ml at flow time 2-3 ml/s. After the administration of contrast material the measurements of the hepatic parenchyma density were taken both in the left and right lobes. Time-density curves of the liver, spleen and portal vein were drawn for each @entity1 . The curves of the liver and spleen of cirrhotic liver @entity1 were not different from the curves obtained due to examining @entity1 with no medical problems. The time of peak enhancement of the liver and spleen of cirrhotic liver @entity1 was delayed compared with control group. Time-density curves of the liver and spleen were considerably flattened of peak and were slow and longer in washout phase. Moreover, the time of peak enhancement of the portal vein curves was longer and the curves were flattened. Three cirrhotic liver @entity1 had focal @entity1313 . The patterns of the time-density curves of the liver in dynamic CT scanning may contain diagnostic information useful for prophylactic monitoring of the @entity1313 , which develops in @entity1575 .

title: Dynamic CT of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']


abstract: The experiment was conducted upon 200 male @entity35 of @entity35 breed, weight 250-350 g, according to Heinkel and Aho's method. Four groups of @entity35 were separated: Z--healthy (20), K1--control (60), K2--control (60), D--experimental (60). After 6, 12, 24, 48 hours since the acute @entity788 was induced, the @entity35 were anesthetized again (15 after each period), thoracotomy was performed and the blood from the left chamber was taken. Then after it turned into a clot, it was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 2000 rot./min. The blood serum obtained was then frozen in -25 degrees C until it was analyzed. The whole heart and right lung were taken out from the chest. The peritoneal cavity was re-opened and the pancreas, liver and left kidney were taken out. The method of the spectrophotometry of atom absorption was applied to mark the concentration of the chosen elements in the collected material. The SP 192 Pye Unicam spectrophotometer was used. The collected data were then statistically analyzed in order to define the arithmetic average and the standard deviation in the control group as well as in the examined groups. The statistic significance was defined by the application of the t-Student test and C. Cochren-Cox's test; accepting the value p < 0.05 for which the differences were taken as statistically significant. When marking @entity219 concentrations in the course of acute @entity788 , the shift of this element in tissues was observed. The fall of @entity219 in blood serum, pancreas, kidneys, heart and lung was observed. The @entity219 increase was present in the liver only. Statistically significant differences were observed in the pancreas and liver in D and K2 groups, and in blood serum and kidneys in D group at 6th and 12th hour of the experiment. Differences observed in the heart muscle and lungs were not statistically significant.

title: Shift of XXXX in serum and tissues in course of experimental acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: The experiment was conducted upon 200 male @entity35 of @entity35 breed, weight 250-350 g, according to Heinkel and Aho's method. Four groups of @entity35 were separated: Z--healthy (20), K1--control (60), K2--control (60), D--experimental (60). After 6, 12, 24, 48 hours since the acute @entity788 was induced, the @entity35 were anesthetized again (15 after each period), thoracotomy was performed and the blood from the left chamber was taken. Then after it turned into a clot, it was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 2000 rot./min. The blood serum obtained was then frozen in -25 degrees C until it was analyzed. The whole heart and right lung were taken out from the chest. The peritoneal cavity was re-opened and the pancreas, liver and left kidney were taken out. The method of the spectrophotometry of atom absorption was applied to mark the concentration of the chosen elements in the collected material. The SP 192 Pye Unicam spectrophotometer was used. The collected data were then statistically analyzed in order to define the arithmetic average and the standard deviation in the control group as well as in the examined groups. The statistic significance was defined by the application of the t-Student test and C. Cochren-Cox's test; accepting the value p < 0.05 for which the differences were taken as statistically significant. When marking @entity219 concentrations in the course of acute @entity788 , the shift of this element in tissues was observed. The fall of @entity219 in blood serum, pancreas, kidneys, heart and lung was observed. The @entity219 increase was present in the liver only. Statistically significant differences were observed in the pancreas and liver in D and K2 groups, and in blood serum and kidneys in D group at 6th and 12th hour of the experiment. Differences observed in the heart muscle and lungs were not statistically significant.

title: Shift of @entity219 in serum and tissues in course of experimental acute XXXX .

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the image quality and degree of vessel narrowing at flow-sensitive dephasing (FSD) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the hands with those at contrast material-enhanced MR angiography of the hands in @entity1 with @entity785 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-center study with institutional review board approval and HIPAA compliance, six healthy volunteers and six @entity1 with @entity785 were imaged at 1.5-T nonenhanced FSD MR angiography followed by contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Sixteen vascular segments in four vessel groups were evaluated for image quality and assessed semiquantitatively for @entity850 degree by using Likert scales. The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to perform pairwise comparisons of the MR angiographic techniques. P < .05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Performing FSD MR angiography, as compared with time-resolved MR angiography and high-spatial-resolution MR angiography, improved the image quality for all arterial segments combined in the control (mean score, 2.9 [FSD] vs 3.7 [time-resolved technique] and 3.1 [high-spatial-resolution technique]) and @entity1 (mean score, 4.0 [FSD] vs 4.2 [time-resolved technique] and 4.3 [high-spatial-resolution technique]) groups. In the control subjects, FSD angiography depicted @entity2791 that was less severe (mean grade, 0.7) than that seen with the time-resolved (mean grade, 1.6) and high-spatial-resolution (mean grade, 1.0) techniques. In the @entity1 group, FSD angiography depicted lower degrees of @entity850 , with a lower mean grade for all segments combined (1.3) compared with the corresponding mean grades for time-resolved (1.5) and high-spatial-resolution (1.8) MR angiography. CONCLUSION: Preliminary data indicate that the proposed nonenhanced FSD MR angiographic technique is an improvement over existing contrast-enhanced techniques for evaluation of the hand vasculature in @entity74 of the hand. Further technical improvements and a systematic clinical study are warranted.

title: Nonenhanced MR angiography of the hand with flow-sensitive dephasing-prepared balanced SSFP sequence: initial experience with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['proper digital artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic disorders']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of abruption, to assess the accuracy of the different MR imaging sequences in the visualization of clots, and to evaluate the correlation between MR imaging findings and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study protocol was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Between March 2008 and June 2010, 60 consecutive @entity1 (mean gestational age, 30.7 weeks [range, 27-38 weeks]; mean age, 29 years [range, 20-38 years]) who were referred for US and MR imaging owing to a putative diagnosis of abruption were assessed. Multiplanar half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, true fast imaging with steady-state precession, three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging, and sagittal diffusion-weighted MR imaging were performed. Two radiologists independently reviewed each case, resolving by consensus any diagnostic discrepancy. During a second imaging analysis, the same readers randomly and independently assessed the single sequences. The signal intensity of @entity1410 was correlated with clinical outcome. The reference standard for abruption was the presence of clots and/or fibrin at inspection of the placenta after delivery. The diagnostic efficacy of US and MR imaging was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Interobserver agreement was assessed by using the Cohen k test. RESULTS: The performance of US and MR imaging was calculated in 39 @entity1 who gave birth less than 10 days after MR imaging; these @entity1 were considered to have an adequate reference standard. Abruption was found at delivery in 19 @entity1 . Abruption was identified in 10 of the 19 @entity1 (52%) with US and in all 19 (100%) with MR imaging (P = .002), with an interobserver agreement of 0.949. Diffusion- and T1-weighted sequences helped identify 19 (100%) and 18 (95%) of the 19 abruptions, respectively; interrater agreement was very good for all sequences (k = 0.892-1.0). @entity1410 classified as hyperacute or acute worsened to abruption grade II, with the mother being symptomatic or the fetus distressed. CONCLUSION: MR imaging can accurately depict @entity5869 , with excellent interobserver agreement, and should be considered after negative US findings in the presence of late pregnancy bleeding if the diagnosis of abruption would change management.

title: MR imaging in the evaluation of XXXX : correlation with sonographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

answer: @entity5869 :: (MESH:D000037,Disease) :: ['placental abruption']


abstract: The presence of @entity1868 in the uterus is a relevant factor in @entity249 cases. @entity1868 may reduce contractility of the uterus, hinder migration of sperm and vascular changes within @entity1868 themselves interfere with embryo implantation. The paper presents the case of a @entity1 with over 10-year-history of @entity249 treatment diagnosed with @entity1868 of the uterus. The medical records revealed that the @entity1 had undergone laparoscopy and laparotomy due to the left @entity42 and had been subjected to hysteroscopic removal of the uterine partition twice. The @entity1 took part in the IVF programme twice--without success. At our Department the @entity1 underwent laparoscopic myomectomy during which 5 @entity1868 were removed: 4 subserous ones, 1.5-2 cm in diameter and an intramural one, 6 cm in diameter. The sites of the biggest @entity1868 were laparoscopically sewn putting in 3 single sutures. In her next cycle the @entity1 spontaneously conceited. The pregnancy was without serious complications and at 38 weeks was terminated by Caesarian section. The @entity1 was delivered in good general condition (10 Apgar points) and weighted 3,360 g. On Caesarian section no uterine dehiscence following laparoscopic myomectomy was observed.

title: Fertility following laparoscopic uterine myomectomy in an XXXX @entity1 treated for 10 years. Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['myomas', 'myoma', 'Myomas', 'numerous myomas']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: The presence of @entity1868 in the uterus is a relevant factor in @entity249 cases. @entity1868 may reduce contractility of the uterus, hinder migration of sperm and vascular changes within @entity1868 themselves interfere with embryo implantation. The paper presents the case of a @entity1 with over 10-year-history of @entity249 treatment diagnosed with @entity1868 of the uterus. The medical records revealed that the @entity1 had undergone laparoscopy and laparotomy due to the left @entity42 and had been subjected to hysteroscopic removal of the uterine partition twice. The @entity1 took part in the IVF programme twice--without success. At our Department the @entity1 underwent laparoscopic myomectomy during which 5 @entity1868 were removed: 4 subserous ones, 1.5-2 cm in diameter and an intramural one, 6 cm in diameter. The sites of the biggest @entity1868 were laparoscopically sewn putting in 3 single sutures. In her next cycle the @entity1 spontaneously conceited. The pregnancy was without serious complications and at 38 weeks was terminated by Caesarian section. The @entity1 was delivered in good general condition (10 Apgar points) and weighted 3,360 g. On Caesarian section no uterine dehiscence following laparoscopic myomectomy was observed.

title: Fertility following laparoscopic uterine myomectomy in an @entity249 XXXX treated for 10 years. Case report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the ovarian and uterine structure demonstrated sonographically with baseline and @entity3086 -stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity53 values in females with suspected precocious puberty. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. Fifty females (age 3.1 to 9.5 years) underwent stimulation testing with @entity3086 (20  g/kg) and pelvic ultrasonography. Subjects were grouped as (1) prepubertal (baseline and stimulated LH and @entity53 in prepubertal range); (2) early pubertal (baseline LH and @entity53 in prepubertal range but stimulated LH or @entity53 in pubertal range); and (3) pubertal (baseline and stimulated LH or @entity53 in pubertal range). Sonographic data were compared with baseline and @entity3086 -stimulated LH and @entity53 . RESULTS: Baseline and stimulated LH and stimulated @entity53 significantly correlated with ovarian and uterine volumes. Ovarian and uterine volumes were significantly higher in females in the pubertal group than in females in the prepubertal group. No significant differences were noted in the ovarian or uterine dimensions between the prepubertal and early pubertal groups. There was significant overlap in ovarian and uterine volumes among females in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Contrary to @entity3086 stimulation, pelvic ultrasonography alone cannot distinguish between prepubertal females and those in the early stages of puberty.

title: Pelvic ultrasonography in the evaluation of central precocious puberty: comparison with XXXX stimulation test.

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity3086 :: (MESH:D016729,Chemical) :: ['leuprolide']


abstract: @entity15020 transcription factor is a key component of the core module @entity26866 -JAZ- @entity15020 of jasmonate signaling in @entity958 , but the MYC transcription factor (s) associated with @entity7214 signaling in jasmonate-responsive laticifer cells remains to be identified. Two full-length cDNAs, designated HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, were isolated from laticifer cells in @entity15543 by the method of RACE. HblMYC1 contained 1431bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 476 @entity1522 while HblMYC2 contained 1428bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 475 @entity1522 . Bioinformatic analysis showed that the putative proteins, HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, possessed a bHLH domain and were most related to the @entity15020 among the selected 27 MYC members with identified functions in @entity958 . In addition to the presence of cis-regulatory elements involving jasmonate responsiveness in the promoter regions of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, the @entity2271 -, @entity3785 - and gibberellin-responsive elements were found in the promoter region of HblMYC1. Transcripts of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 were most abundant in latex, relatively low in male flowers and nearly undetected in bark tissues and roots by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Regular tapping, mechanical wounding, and @entity8230 remarkably up-regulated HblMYC1 expression, but had little effect on the expression of HblMYC2 in laticifer cells. Successive tapping, however, significantly down-regulated the expression of HblMYC2 while up-regulating the expression of HblMYC1. The HblMYC2 expression took a mutual ebb and flow relationship with the HblMYC1 expression upon treatment with @entity19086 . Characterization of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 will contribute to the understanding of jasmonate signaling in laticifiers, a kind of specialized tissue for natural rubber biosynthesis in @entity15543 .

title: MYC genes with differential responses to tapping, mechanical wounding, ethrel and XXXX in laticifers of rubber tree ( @entity15543 Muell. Arg.).

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonate']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl jasmonate']

entities_list: @entity15543 :: ('3981', 'Species') :: ['Hevea brasiliensis']

answer: @entity19086 :: (MESH:C072239,Chemical) :: ['methyl jasmonate']


abstract: @entity15020 transcription factor is a key component of the core module @entity26866 -JAZ- @entity15020 of jasmonate signaling in @entity958 , but the MYC transcription factor (s) associated with @entity7214 signaling in jasmonate-responsive laticifer cells remains to be identified. Two full-length cDNAs, designated HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, were isolated from laticifer cells in @entity15543 by the method of RACE. HblMYC1 contained 1431bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 476 @entity1522 while HblMYC2 contained 1428bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 475 @entity1522 . Bioinformatic analysis showed that the putative proteins, HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, possessed a bHLH domain and were most related to the @entity15020 among the selected 27 MYC members with identified functions in @entity958 . In addition to the presence of cis-regulatory elements involving jasmonate responsiveness in the promoter regions of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, the @entity2271 -, @entity3785 - and gibberellin-responsive elements were found in the promoter region of HblMYC1. Transcripts of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 were most abundant in latex, relatively low in male flowers and nearly undetected in bark tissues and roots by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Regular tapping, mechanical wounding, and @entity8230 remarkably up-regulated HblMYC1 expression, but had little effect on the expression of HblMYC2 in laticifer cells. Successive tapping, however, significantly down-regulated the expression of HblMYC2 while up-regulating the expression of HblMYC1. The HblMYC2 expression took a mutual ebb and flow relationship with the HblMYC1 expression upon treatment with @entity19086 . Characterization of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 will contribute to the understanding of jasmonate signaling in laticifiers, a kind of specialized tissue for natural rubber biosynthesis in @entity15543 .

title: MYC genes with differential responses to tapping, mechanical wounding, ethrel and @entity19086 in laticifers of rubber tree ( XXXX Muell. Arg.).

answer: @entity15543 :: (3981,Species) :: ['Hevea brasiliensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A characteristic @entity203 related to the use of cytostatic chemotherapeutic drugs has been described in the literature. This condition appears to be characterized by an @entity203 , primarily affecting the intertriginous areas bilaterally, together with @entity1544 as the main histologic feature. OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish the epidemiologic, clinical, and histologic characteristics of this poorly defined chemotherapy drug-related @entity203 . METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from 21 consecutive @entity1 with this clinical and histopathologic pattern who attended an oncology center between January 1999 and September 2009. Two skin biopsy specimens were obtained from all @entity1 , with the first being taken within 24 hours of onset, and the second 72 to 96 hours after onset. RESULTS: The @entity1 analyzed were predominantly female (72%), with a mean age of 52 years (range 10-69 years). The lesions presented clinically as bilateral erythematous plaques affecting both axillae (95%), groin (88%), and side aspects of the neck (48%). The main histologic feature in all cases was @entity1544 , characterized by the transformation of the eccrine cuboidal epithelium into two or more layers of squamous cells with intercellular bridges. The onset of the @entity203 appeared within 30 days (range 2-30 days) after the initiation of the cytostatic agent infusion. The lesions resolved with desquamation and @entity2117 . The same cutaneous pattern recurred in up to 50% of @entity1 in whom the oncologist reintroduced the cytostatic treatment. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size was a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the term "chemotherapy-related bilateral @entity1909 associated with @entity1544 " to describe this distinctive entity, which is primarily associated with pegylated liposomal @entity632 infusions and chemotherapeutic regimens used in autologous bone-marrow transplantation.

title: Chemotherapy-related bilateral XXXX associated with @entity1544 : reappraisal of epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['postinflammatory hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous eruption', 'cutaneous eruption', 'eruption']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['eccrine squamous syringometaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A characteristic @entity203 related to the use of cytostatic chemotherapeutic drugs has been described in the literature. This condition appears to be characterized by an @entity203 , primarily affecting the intertriginous areas bilaterally, together with @entity1544 as the main histologic feature. OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish the epidemiologic, clinical, and histologic characteristics of this poorly defined chemotherapy drug-related @entity203 . METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from 21 consecutive @entity1 with this clinical and histopathologic pattern who attended an oncology center between January 1999 and September 2009. Two skin biopsy specimens were obtained from all @entity1 , with the first being taken within 24 hours of onset, and the second 72 to 96 hours after onset. RESULTS: The @entity1 analyzed were predominantly female (72%), with a mean age of 52 years (range 10-69 years). The lesions presented clinically as bilateral erythematous plaques affecting both axillae (95%), groin (88%), and side aspects of the neck (48%). The main histologic feature in all cases was @entity1544 , characterized by the transformation of the eccrine cuboidal epithelium into two or more layers of squamous cells with intercellular bridges. The onset of the @entity203 appeared within 30 days (range 2-30 days) after the initiation of the cytostatic agent infusion. The lesions resolved with desquamation and @entity2117 . The same cutaneous pattern recurred in up to 50% of @entity1 in whom the oncologist reintroduced the cytostatic treatment. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size was a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the term "chemotherapy-related bilateral @entity1909 associated with @entity1544 " to describe this distinctive entity, which is primarily associated with pegylated liposomal @entity632 infusions and chemotherapeutic regimens used in autologous bone-marrow transplantation.

title: Chemotherapy-related bilateral @entity1909 associated with XXXX : reappraisal of epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features.

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['eccrine squamous syringometaplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self-immolation remains a significant contemporary problem. Its epidemiology and causes, and the intervention strategies these suggest vary significantly between higher- and lower-income countries. We summarize what is known about suicide by self-immolation in terms of its demographic and @entity146 risk factors, causes, local patterns and means employed, and points of possible intervention. METHODS: We reviewed the literature for all published papers on self-immolation between 1973 and 2010. Epidemiologic and @entity146 risk factors and aspects of method, locale and timing of self-immolation were compared between higher- and lower-income countries. RESULTS: In higher-income countries self-immolation tends to be rare and the majority of self-immolation @entity1 are male. In lower-income countries, the incidence of self-immolation is much higher, and the majority of @entity1 are female. Self-immolation was more frequently associated with a history of @entity1032 or @entity734 history in higher-income countries than in lower-income countries. CONCLUSION: Reports in the literature of self-immolation divide most informatively into two groups according to the higher- or lower-income of the societies affected. This classification is not arbitrary, as it correlates with other measures of development, and the epidemiologic patterns revealed show distinct differences, suggesting differing causes and intervention strategies. Analytical studies are needed to distinguish associations from underlying causes and identify efficient points of intervention.

title: Self-immolation: socioeconomic, cultural and XXXX patterns.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate how the Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme (IMMP) can be used to monitor adverse events associated with an intrauterine device, using the @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device (Mirena) as an example. METHODS: A long-term prospective observational cohort study using Prescription Event Monitoring (PEM) is currently being undertaken in @entity1 using Mirena in New Zealand. This report describes the method used and reports the early results for those @entity1 who used the device between March 1998 and March 2001. Adverse events were recorded by inserting doctors and general practitioners on registration forms and systematic follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS: Between March 1998 and March 2001, the IMMP received 3519 registration forms for insertions in 3452 @entity1 . 'Difficult insertion' was the most frequently reported event (3.6% of all insertions). Approximately, 2% of the Mirena insertions were carried out under GA and there were three uterine perforations (0.9 per 1000 insertions) in the total cohort. To date, follow-up questionnaires have been processed for 495 @entity1 . The response rate for these was 83%. CONCLUSION: As adapted in the IMMP, @entity27475 is an effective tool for the early post-marketing surveillance of an intrauterine device in real life clinical practice.

title: Use of the New Zealand Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme to study the XXXX -releasing intrauterine device (Mirena).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

answer: @entity2692 :: (MESH:D016912,Chemical) :: ['levonorgestrel']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prolonged delivery times during daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) introduce concerns regarding intrafraction variation ( @entity24926 ) of the mean target position (MTP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the @entity24926 -MTP and to assess target margins required to compensate for @entity24926 and postonline CBCT correction residuals. @entity1 , treatment, and @entity5 characteristics were analyzed with respect to their impact on @entity24926 -MTP. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 126 @entity1 with 140 @entity5 underwent 659 fractions of lung SBRT. Dose prescribed was 48 or 60 Gy in 12 Gy fractions. Translational target position correction of the MTP was performed via onboard CBCT. @entity24926 -MTP was measured as the difference in MTP between the postcorrection CBCT and the posttreatment CBCT excluding residual error. RESULTS: @entity24926 -MTP was 0.2    1.8 mm, 0.1    1.9 mm, and 0.01    1.5 mm in the craniocaudal, anteroposterior, and mediolateral dimensions and the @entity24926 -MTP vector was 2.3    2.1 mm. Treatment time and excursion were found to be significant predictors of @entity24926 -MTP. An @entity24926 -MTP vector greater than 2 and 5 mm was seen in 40.8% and 7.2% of fractions, respectively. @entity24926 -MTP greater than 2 mm was seen in heavier @entity1 with larger excursions and longer treatment times. Significant differences in @entity24926 -MTP were seen between immobilization devices. The stereotactic frame immobilization device was found to be significantly less likely to have an @entity24926 -MTP vector greater than 2 mm compared with the alpha cradle, BodyFIX, and hybrid immobilization devices. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment time and respiratory excursion are significantly associated with @entity24926 -MTP. Significant differences in @entity24926 -MTP were found between immobilization devices. Target margins for @entity24926 -MTP plus post-correction residuals are dependent on immobilization device with 5-mm uniform margins being acceptable for the frame immobilization device.

title: Intrafraction variation of mean XXXX position during image-guided hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse survival and prognostic factors in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) presenting a first episode of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Retrospectively, the authors reviewed data from 220 @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity957 who presented a first episode of @entity5 . They were treated in a single centre between 1995 and 2007. The survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. The primary endpoint was the overall survival from the date of hypercalcaemia episode. Median age was 55 years. Median survival was 64 days (1-197). Three independent prognostic factors were identified: brain @entity3 (hazard ratio (HR)=2.58 CI (1.03-6.45)), corrected calcaemia>3 mmol/l (HR=1.45 CI (1.05-2.01)) and hypoalbuminaemia (HR=1.48 CI (1.07-2.04)). Using these factors, the authors performed a bedside prognostic score. In conclusion, median survival in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity957 and @entity5 is extremely poor. The bedside prognostic score that the authors developed can help to anticipate @entity1 ' prognosis and adapt the treatment. This score needs to be validated on an independent cohort.

title: @entity5 -associated hypercalcaemia in XXXX : a survival and prognostic factor analysis.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-associated hypercalcaemia', 'CAH']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous-cell malignancies']


abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse survival and prognostic factors in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) presenting a first episode of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Retrospectively, the authors reviewed data from 220 @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity957 who presented a first episode of @entity5 . They were treated in a single centre between 1995 and 2007. The survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. The primary endpoint was the overall survival from the date of hypercalcaemia episode. Median age was 55 years. Median survival was 64 days (1-197). Three independent prognostic factors were identified: brain @entity3 (hazard ratio (HR)=2.58 CI (1.03-6.45)), corrected calcaemia>3 mmol/l (HR=1.45 CI (1.05-2.01)) and hypoalbuminaemia (HR=1.48 CI (1.07-2.04)). Using these factors, the authors performed a bedside prognostic score. In conclusion, median survival in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity957 and @entity5 is extremely poor. The bedside prognostic score that the authors developed can help to anticipate @entity1 ' prognosis and adapt the treatment. This score needs to be validated on an independent cohort.

title: XXXX -associated hypercalcaemia in @entity957 : a survival and prognostic factor analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrant electrophysiological and hemodynamic processing of auditory oddball stimuli is among the most robustly documented findings in @entity1 with @entity161 . However, no study to date has directly examined linked patterns of electrical and hemodynamic differences in @entity1 and controls. METHODS: In a recent paper we demonstrated a data-driven approach, joint independent component analysis (jICA) to fuse together functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) data and elucidated the chronometry of auditory oddball target detection in healthy control subjects. In this paper we extend our fusion method to identify specific differences in the neuronal chronometry of target detection for chronic @entity161 @entity1 compared to healthy controls. RESULTS: We found one linked source, consistent with the N2 response, known to be related to cognitive processing of deviant stimuli, spatially localized to bilateral fronto-temporal regions. This source showed significant between-group differences both in amplitude response and in the fMRI/ERP distribution pattern. These findings are consistent with previous work showing N2 amplitude and @entity854 in @entity161 , and provide new information about the linkage between the two. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we use a novel approach to isolate and identify a linked fMRI/ERP component which shows marked differences in chronic @entity161 @entity1 . We also demonstrate that jointly using both fMRI and ERP measures provides a fully picture of the underlying hemodynamic and electrical changes which are present in @entity1 . Our approach also has broad applicability to other diseases such as @entity2438 , @entity195 , or @entity162 .

title: Aberrant Processing of Deviant Stimuli in XXXX Revealed by Fusion of FMRI and EEG Data.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['latency abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel @entity683 (H1N1) pandemic was associated with an epidemic of @entity3124 . METHODS: We describe the clinical profiles of critically ill @entity1 with severe complications due to microbiologically confirmed pandemic @entity281 admitted to a medical ICU in Monza, Italy, over a 6-month period. RESULTS: From August 2009 to January 2010, 19 @entity1 (13 adults and 6 @entity1 ) required ICU admission. Nine subjects were referred to our hospital from other ICUs. In all @entity1 , with the exception of a case of severe @entity326 , the cause of ICU admission was @entity1576 . Other @entity881 were common. A trial of non-invasive ventilation was attempted in 13 cases and was successful in four of them. The majority of the @entity1 required invasive mechanical ventilation. In the 7 most severely hypoxemic @entity1 , we applied veno-venous ECLS, with a very high rate of success. The median ICU stay was 9 days (range 1-78 days). Sixteen out of 19 (84%) @entity1 survived. CONCLUSION: In the majority of our @entity1 , @entity3124 caused by pandemic @entity683 (H1N1) was associated with severe @entity519 , @entity881 , requirement for mechanical ventilation and frequent use of rescue therapies and ECLS support.

title: Management of acute XXXX from @entity281 : experience of a tertiary-level Intensive Care Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) infection']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['nonpulmonary organ failures', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel @entity683 (H1N1) pandemic was associated with an epidemic of @entity3124 . METHODS: We describe the clinical profiles of critically ill @entity1 with severe complications due to microbiologically confirmed pandemic @entity281 admitted to a medical ICU in Monza, Italy, over a 6-month period. RESULTS: From August 2009 to January 2010, 19 @entity1 (13 adults and 6 @entity1 ) required ICU admission. Nine subjects were referred to our hospital from other ICUs. In all @entity1 , with the exception of a case of severe @entity326 , the cause of ICU admission was @entity1576 . Other @entity881 were common. A trial of non-invasive ventilation was attempted in 13 cases and was successful in four of them. The majority of the @entity1 required invasive mechanical ventilation. In the 7 most severely hypoxemic @entity1 , we applied veno-venous ECLS, with a very high rate of success. The median ICU stay was 9 days (range 1-78 days). Sixteen out of 19 (84%) @entity1 survived. CONCLUSION: In the majority of our @entity1 , @entity3124 caused by pandemic @entity683 (H1N1) was associated with severe @entity519 , @entity881 , requirement for mechanical ventilation and frequent use of rescue therapies and ECLS support.

title: Management of acute @entity1576 from XXXX : experience of a tertiary-level Intensive Care Unit.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['influenza A (H1N1) infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent improvements in imaging-based diagnosis, the broader application of neuroendoscopic techniques and advances in open surgery techniques mean that the need for stereotactic biopsies in the management of @entity979 must be reevaluated. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to establish whether stereotactic biopsy is still of value in the modern management of @entity979 . METHODS: From 1985 to 2009, 88 consecutive @entity1 underwent a stereotactic biopsy in our institution (51 males and 37 females; median age at presentation 30; range 2-74). RESULTS: Accurate tissue diagnoses were obtained in all but one case (i.e. 99%). In one case (1%), three distinct stereotactic procedures were necessary to obtain a tissue diagnosis. There was no mortality or permanent morbidity associated with stereotactic biopsy. One @entity1 (1%) presented an intra-parenchymal @entity1410 but no related clinical symptoms. Five @entity1 (6%) presented transient morbidity, which lasted for between 2  days and 3  weeks after the biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: To guide subsequent treatment, we believe that histological diagnosis is paramount. Stereotactic biopsies are currently the safest and the most efficient way of obtaining this essential information. Recent improvements in stereotactic technology (particularly robotic techniques) appear to be very valuable, with almost no permanent morbidity or mortality risk and no decrease in the accuracy rate. In our opinion, other available neurosurgical techniques (such as endoscopic neurosurgery, stereotactic neurosurgery and open microsurgery) are complementary and not competitive.

title: Are stereotactic sample biopsies still of value in the modern management of XXXX ? Lessons from a single-department, retrospective series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal region tumours']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['pineal region tumours']


abstract: @entity309 is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects mainly @entity2720 and has an impact on approximately 1% of the Western population. The coagulation process is altered in this condition, and this is frequently complicated by @entity1148 . Changes in fibrin morphology have been linked with @entity32 , and this, in turn, plays an important role in @entity715 . Changes in the fibrin fiber formation cause the alterations observed in @entity715 morphology. In the current study, the ultrastructure of platelets and fibrin networks was investigated to determine whether any morphological changes are present in these structures in @entity1 suffering from @entity309 . Six @entity1 diagnosed with @entity309 took part in this study, and their clot morphology was compared to that of control subjects. Citrated blood with and without the addition of @entity556 was used. Results indicated that the fibrin networks in the @entity625 @entity1 formed thick, matted layers. This matted appearance is due to a changed ultrastructure of the minor, thin fibers. Also, in these @entity1 , spontaneous networks were created without the addition of @entity556 , which indicates an abnormal hemostatic protein functioning, and the latter is expressed as visible changes in ultrastructure.

title: Scanning electron microscopy of fibrin networks in XXXX : a qualitative analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['synovial joints']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) is an alternative therapy for @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ). However, some concern is raised on its carcinogenic effects. To evaluate the cytological and clinical changes caused by @entity8681 in @entity1 with benign @entity9384 . Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity9384 (23.1% hyperfunctioning) were submitted to a median of three @entity8681 sessions. After a median of 17 months, @entity1 were reassessed. A new ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (US-FNB) was performed, and the smears were analyzed after May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa staining. The diagnostic findings and the cellular characteristics were compared before and after treatment. There was an increase in the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results (from 2.5% to 18.9%). No malignant cases were observed. The proportion of moderate/intense macrophage infiltration decreased from 60% to 15%. Before treatment, 23.1% @entity1 had @entity1378 , which was completely or partially resolved in 66.7%. By ultrasound, the percentage of homogeneous nodules decreased from 64.0% to 38.4% (p=0.0235), and the mean nodule volume decreased from 13.4    12.2 to 5.3    5.1 cm(3). We demonstrate that @entity8681 increases the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results from US-FNB. Therefore, cytological findings after @entity8681 must be evaluated with caution. Our results also suggest that @entity8681 is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option, with no carcinogenic effects observed on cytological evaluations. Safety and efficacy must be evaluated in larger studies with longer follow-up periods.

title: Changes associated with percutaneous @entity1068 injection in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'thyroid nodules']

answer: @entity9384 :: (MESH:D016606,Disease) :: ['thyroid nodules']


abstract: Percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) is an alternative therapy for @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ). However, some concern is raised on its carcinogenic effects. To evaluate the cytological and clinical changes caused by @entity8681 in @entity1 with benign @entity9384 . Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity9384 (23.1% hyperfunctioning) were submitted to a median of three @entity8681 sessions. After a median of 17 months, @entity1 were reassessed. A new ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (US-FNB) was performed, and the smears were analyzed after May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa staining. The diagnostic findings and the cellular characteristics were compared before and after treatment. There was an increase in the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results (from 2.5% to 18.9%). No malignant cases were observed. The proportion of moderate/intense macrophage infiltration decreased from 60% to 15%. Before treatment, 23.1% @entity1 had @entity1378 , which was completely or partially resolved in 66.7%. By ultrasound, the percentage of homogeneous nodules decreased from 64.0% to 38.4% (p=0.0235), and the mean nodule volume decreased from 13.4    12.2 to 5.3    5.1 cm(3). We demonstrate that @entity8681 increases the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results from US-FNB. Therefore, cytological findings after @entity8681 must be evaluated with caution. Our results also suggest that @entity8681 is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option, with no carcinogenic effects observed on cytological evaluations. Safety and efficacy must be evaluated in larger studies with longer follow-up periods.

title: Changes associated with percutaneous XXXX injection in the treatment of @entity9384 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bileaflet @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) can be associated with malignant @entity943 . It is unknown whether surgical correction alone of this mitral valve pathology leads to a @entity943 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 4477 @entity1 who underwent mitral valve surgery from 1993-2013 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Among these, eight @entity1 with bileaflet @entity3454 who had an @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) in place both pre- and post-surgery were identified. @entity3538 interrogation records were evaluated for episodes of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), and appropriate @entity3538 shock therapy. RESULTS: Of these eight @entity1 , five had a malignant @entity943 prior to surgery. Data was available 4.6        2.9  years before versus 6.6        4.2  years following surgical intervention. Among these @entity1 , there was a reduction in @entity2224 (0.6 versus 0.14 events per- @entity1 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), @entity1165 (0.4 versus 0.05 events per- @entity1 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), and @entity3538 shocks (0.95 versus 0.19 events per- @entity1 -year pre- and post-surgery) following mitral valve surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We report a series of cases where the surgical correction of bileaflet @entity3454 alone was associated with a reduction in malignant @entity943 and appropriate shocks. These early observations merit further investigation involving larger cohorts to further evaluate the association between abnormal mechanical forces in @entity179 and @entity943 .

title: Reduction in malignant XXXX and appropriate shocks following surgical correction of bileaflet @entity3454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'internal cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular dysrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'reduction in ventricular dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bileaflet @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) can be associated with malignant @entity943 . It is unknown whether surgical correction alone of this mitral valve pathology leads to a @entity943 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 4477 @entity1 who underwent mitral valve surgery from 1993-2013 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Among these, eight @entity1 with bileaflet @entity3454 who had an @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) in place both pre- and post-surgery were identified. @entity3538 interrogation records were evaluated for episodes of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), and appropriate @entity3538 shock therapy. RESULTS: Of these eight @entity1 , five had a malignant @entity943 prior to surgery. Data was available 4.6        2.9  years before versus 6.6        4.2  years following surgical intervention. Among these @entity1 , there was a reduction in @entity2224 (0.6 versus 0.14 events per- @entity1 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), @entity1165 (0.4 versus 0.05 events per- @entity1 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), and @entity3538 shocks (0.95 versus 0.19 events per- @entity1 -year pre- and post-surgery) following mitral valve surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We report a series of cases where the surgical correction of bileaflet @entity3454 alone was associated with a reduction in malignant @entity943 and appropriate shocks. These early observations merit further investigation involving larger cohorts to further evaluate the association between abnormal mechanical forces in @entity179 and @entity943 .

title: Reduction in malignant @entity943 and appropriate shocks following surgical correction of bileaflet XXXX .

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['mitral valve prolapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine epidemiology and risk factors for @entity580 in intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN. Prospective incidence survey. SETTING: An adult general ICU in a university hospital in western @entity233 . @entity1 : All @entity1 who stayed more than 48 h in ICU during a 2-year period (2000-2001). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The study included 434 @entity1 (7394 @entity1 -days). A total of 225 @entity281 were identified in 113 @entity1 (26%). The incidence and @entity281 rates were 56.8 in 1000- @entity1 days and 51.8%, respectively. The @entity281 were @entity55 (40.9%), bloodstream (30.2%), urinary tract (23.6%) and surgical site @entity281 (5.3%). @entity796 (22.6%), @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 (22.2%) and Acinetobacter spp. (11.9%) were frequently isolated micro-organisms. Median length of stay with @entity580 and without were 13 days (Interquartile range, IQR, 20) and 2 days (IQR, 2), respectively ( P<0.0001). In logistic regression analysis, mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR): 16.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.26-32.34; P<0.0001), @entity772 (OR: 15.04; 95% CI: 3.41-66.33; P=0.0003), @entity130 (OR: 10.27; 95% CI: 2.34-45.01; P=0.002), nasogastric tube (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.47-5.90; P=0.002), tracheotomy (OR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.10-30.20; P=0.04) and APACHE II scores 10-19 (OR: 10.80; 95% CI: 1.10-106.01; P=0.04) were found to be significant risk factors for @entity580 . Rate of @entity580 increased with the number of risk factors (P<0.0001). Mortality rates were higher in infected @entity1 than in non-infected @entity1 (60.9 vs 22.1%; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, in addition to underlying clinical conditions, some invasive procedures can be independent risk factors for @entity580 in ICU.

title: XXXX in intensive care unit in a Turkish university hospital: a 2-year survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection', 'nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Nosocomial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is one of the adjunctive methods in the treatment of @entity703 . Embolization is performed in @entity1 prior to nephrectomy, in @entity1 with inoperable @entity703 as palliative treatment. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to present and to analyze our own experiences in the embolization of @entity703 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A  retrospective analysis of 33  @entity1 treated using @entity8 between 2011 and 2013 was carried out. In 30 cases (91%), embolization was performed due to @entity703 and in 3 cases (9%) due to @entity359 . In 11  @entity1 intervention was performed as a  palliative procedure because of @entity1442 . Histoacrylic glue, @entity4832 , sponge pledgets and embolization coils were used for embolization. RESULTS: In 20  @entity1 (61%), selective @entity8 was performed, whereas superselective @entity8 was carried out in 13  @entity1 (39%). The technical success rate of @entity8 was 100%. In one case the procedure was complicated by reflux of the histoacrylic glue into the common femoral artery with its embolization that required surgical embolectomy. We used histoacrylic glue in 26 embolizations (79%), in 19 procedures (58%) as the only embolization agent. @entity4832 was used in 10 procedures (30%), gelatin sponge pledgets and absolute @entity1068 in 6  @entity1 (18%). In 4 cases (12%), coils were implemented. In 22  @entity1 (67%), one or more components of @entity751 ( @entity751 ) developed. In all 22  @entity1 with @entity751 (100%), @entity158 was observed and administration of analgesics proved necessary. In 10  @entity1 treated by palliative embolization, both a  regression of macrohaematuria and an increase in hemoglobin level were observed. In 10 further @entity1 , the @entity1011 level decreased following @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is an effective and minimally-invasive intervention burdened with low risk of major complications. @entity751 occurs in about two-third of @entity1 . In the majority of @entity1 after palliative embolization, haematuria decreases and the quality of life improves.

title: The Role of Transarterial Embolization in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal arterial embolization', 'RAE']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol', 'Polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['PES', 'postembolization syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['severe lumbar pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Tumors']


abstract: @entity7362 (TC) uptake by adult @entity35 hepatocytes co-cultured with other @entity35 liver epithelial cells (RLEC) was studied comparatively to hepatocytes in primary culture. Cells were cultured on Petri dishes for desired times prior to measuring their ability to transport TC. TC uptake was linear for 150 sec in both culture conditions. In hepatocytes cultured alone, the initial rate of TC uptake at an extracellular concentration of 100 microM was 0.19 +/- 0.02 nmole per min per 10(6) cells after 48 hr of culture and decreased by 75% after 4 to 6 days. In hepatocytes co-cultured with RLEC, the rate of uptake at 48 hr (0.31 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells) was significantly higher than in hepatocytes cultured alone (p less than 0.01); in addition, TC uptake remained stable at an average rate of 0.17 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells for up to 56 days. No detectable uptake was found in RLEC cultured alone. TC uptake exhibited both saturable (Vmax = 0.30 +/- 0.03 nmole per min per 10(6) cells and Km = 42.6 +/- 4.4 microM) and nonsaturable components. These kinetic parameters were similar to those previously reported in isolated hepatocytes and in short-term cultured hepatocytes. TC uptake exhibited @entity1372 dependence and was significantly reduced when extracellular @entity1372 was replaced by @entity1091 and @entity969 , or in the presence of 1 mM @entity7832 . After 18 days of co-culture, TC uptake had qualitatively the same characteristics as at 48 hr, with a saturable and a nonsaturable component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term maintenance of XXXX uptake by adult @entity35 hepatocytes co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell line.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity7362 :: (MESH:D013656,Chemical) :: ['taurocholate']


abstract: @entity7362 (TC) uptake by adult @entity35 hepatocytes co-cultured with other @entity35 liver epithelial cells (RLEC) was studied comparatively to hepatocytes in primary culture. Cells were cultured on Petri dishes for desired times prior to measuring their ability to transport TC. TC uptake was linear for 150 sec in both culture conditions. In hepatocytes cultured alone, the initial rate of TC uptake at an extracellular concentration of 100 microM was 0.19 +/- 0.02 nmole per min per 10(6) cells after 48 hr of culture and decreased by 75% after 4 to 6 days. In hepatocytes co-cultured with RLEC, the rate of uptake at 48 hr (0.31 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells) was significantly higher than in hepatocytes cultured alone (p less than 0.01); in addition, TC uptake remained stable at an average rate of 0.17 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells for up to 56 days. No detectable uptake was found in RLEC cultured alone. TC uptake exhibited both saturable (Vmax = 0.30 +/- 0.03 nmole per min per 10(6) cells and Km = 42.6 +/- 4.4 microM) and nonsaturable components. These kinetic parameters were similar to those previously reported in isolated hepatocytes and in short-term cultured hepatocytes. TC uptake exhibited @entity1372 dependence and was significantly reduced when extracellular @entity1372 was replaced by @entity1091 and @entity969 , or in the presence of 1 mM @entity7832 . After 18 days of co-culture, TC uptake had qualitatively the same characteristics as at 48 hr, with a saturable and a nonsaturable component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term maintenance of @entity7362 uptake by adult XXXX hepatocytes co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell line.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The ability of @entity20842 TOVE-R to displace virulent representatives of the most prevalent @entity1 mutans streptococci from the teeth of @entity35 , and thereby to inhibit caries, was studied. @entity6586 10449S- or @entity6586 sobrinus 6715-13WT-infected specific-pathogen-free @entity35 consuming a high- @entity969 diet were inoculated by TOVE-R. The infectants were differentially recovered from swabs of the teeth over the time course of @entity281 and from sonically treated material of extracted teeth and excised tongues. Despite initial colonization of the teeth by the mutans streptococci, TOVE-R colonized the teeth, unlike other essentially nonvirulent plaque formers already described. It did not colonize the tongues of the @entity35 . TOVE-R emerged and persisted as a prominent member of the plaque ecology. There was an associated decline in the mutans streptococci on the teeth, and this decline was associated with significant inhibition of the caries component attributable to 10449S @entity281 (56%) and to 6715-13WT @entity281 (52%). TOVE-R did not reliably inhibit the component of fissure caries attributable to the nonmutans indigenous flora of the @entity35 . TOVE-R itself induced no detectable decay. The data suggest the potential therapeutic utility of TOVE-R to inhibit caries by displacement of mutans streptococci from the teeth. These results supplement the already reported ability of TOVE-R to preempt initial colonization of teeth by the mutans streptococci.

title: Competitive displacement of mutans streptococci and inhibition of tooth decay by XXXX TOVE-R.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity20842 :: ('1304', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus salivarius']

answer: @entity20842 :: (1304,Species) :: ['Streptococcus salivarius']


abstract: @entity170 is a growing problem in Asia, and early identification of at risk subjects for preventive measures is likely the most cost-effective method for managing this disease in developing countries. @entity1 with low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) have a high risk of future @entity174 . However, access to @entity79 measurements is limited in many areas of Asia, and inexpensive methods of targeting high-risk @entity1 for @entity79 measurements would be valuable. We compared two methods, a simple clinical risk assessment tool, the @entity170 Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA), and quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) in identifying subjects with low @entity79 by DXA in 722 southern Chinese postmenopausal @entity1 recruited from the community in Hong Kong. Using the published cutoff value of -1 (versus 0 or higher) for OSTA to identify subjects with femoral neck @entity79 T-score < or =-2.5, basing on our local population peak young mean value, the sensitivity and specificity was 88% and 54% respectively. The optimal cutoff T-score of -2.35 for QUS yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 81% and 65%, respectively. The AUC for QUS was 0.78, which was not significantly different from that of 0.80 for OSTA. Both OSTA and QUS correlated significantly with @entity79 at the femoral neck (0.62 and 0.36, respectively, P both <0.001). When these cut-off values were used to identify subjects with either lumbar spine or femoral neck @entity79 T-score < or =-2.5, the sensitivity and specificity was 79% and 60%, respectively, for OSTA, and 69% and 70%, respectively, for QUS. Combining QUS with OSTA improved the sensitivity to 91%, but the specificity was reduced to 44%. We conclude that the simple clinical risk assessment tool OSTA is a free and effective method for identifying subjects at increased risk of @entity170 , and its use could facilitate the appropriate and more cost-effective use of bone densitometry in developing countries.

title: Comparison of a simple clinical risk index and quantitative bone ultrasound for identifying @entity1 at increased risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity170 is a growing problem in Asia, and early identification of at risk subjects for preventive measures is likely the most cost-effective method for managing this disease in developing countries. @entity1 with low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) have a high risk of future @entity174 . However, access to @entity79 measurements is limited in many areas of Asia, and inexpensive methods of targeting high-risk @entity1 for @entity79 measurements would be valuable. We compared two methods, a simple clinical risk assessment tool, the @entity170 Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA), and quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) in identifying subjects with low @entity79 by DXA in 722 southern Chinese postmenopausal @entity1 recruited from the community in Hong Kong. Using the published cutoff value of -1 (versus 0 or higher) for OSTA to identify subjects with femoral neck @entity79 T-score < or =-2.5, basing on our local population peak young mean value, the sensitivity and specificity was 88% and 54% respectively. The optimal cutoff T-score of -2.35 for QUS yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 81% and 65%, respectively. The AUC for QUS was 0.78, which was not significantly different from that of 0.80 for OSTA. Both OSTA and QUS correlated significantly with @entity79 at the femoral neck (0.62 and 0.36, respectively, P both <0.001). When these cut-off values were used to identify subjects with either lumbar spine or femoral neck @entity79 T-score < or =-2.5, the sensitivity and specificity was 79% and 60%, respectively, for OSTA, and 69% and 70%, respectively, for QUS. Combining QUS with OSTA improved the sensitivity to 91%, but the specificity was reduced to 44%. We conclude that the simple clinical risk assessment tool OSTA is a free and effective method for identifying subjects at increased risk of @entity170 , and its use could facilitate the appropriate and more cost-effective use of bone densitometry in developing countries.

title: Comparison of a simple clinical risk index and quantitative bone ultrasound for identifying XXXX at increased risk of @entity170 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of @entity4403 ( @entity4403 ) and open discectomy (OD) for @entity890 ( @entity890 ). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing @entity4403 with OD for @entity890 were searched comprehensively in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library. Relevant studies retrieved, data extracted and the quality of included studies were independently performed by two authors. RevMan software (Version 5.2.0) was used to analyse and synthesis relevant data of the included studies. Nine RCTs involving 774 @entity1 were obtained and reported the relevant outcome measures. Compared with OD group, there were significant difference in the general operation indicators including operation time, @entity190 , site of incision, hospital stay and time of return to work, biochemical indexes including @entity1851 and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) in @entity4403 group. Meanwhile, there were no difference in effective rate, complication including total complications, dural leaks occurred and recurrence of the disc herniation, compared @entity4403 group with OD group. @entity4403 had slighter @entity130 , milder @entity190 and shorter healing time than OD. The results demonstrated @entity4403 has great efficacy and safety comparable to OD. So we think that @entity4403 can be used routinely for @entity890 @entity1 , especially the @entity1 of old and intolerable major surgery. Meanwhile, it is necessary for surgeon to master indication and contraindication of @entity4403 and improve the operative technique.

title: What were the advantages of microendoscopic discectomy for XXXX comparing with open discectomy: a meta-analysis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['LDH', 'lubmar disc herniation']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4403 :: ('MESH:C536681', 'Disease') :: ['MED', 'micro-endoscopic discectomy']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incompleteness of interlobar fissures and @entity456 , common in tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL), are among "technical contraindications" for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The efficacy and safety of VATS in the treatment of TDL, has not yet been detailed in. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to observe the efficacy and safety of VATS in the management of TDL. METHODS: A retrospective review of anatomic lobectomy by VATS on 29 cases of TDL was performed in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Wuhan Medical Treatment Center between October 2010 and October 2013. RESULTS: All the 29 surgeries by VATS were successfully completed. No death case was reported. Operative duration of VATS was 75~400 min, with an average of 185.4 min; intraoperative amount of @entity548 ranged 50 to 2300 ml, with an average of 575.6 ml; the incidence of @entity260 was 21.4% (6/28). @entity260 occurred in 6 cases, among which there were 2 cases of persistent postoperative pulmonary air leak, 2 cases of @entity1143 , one case of @entity548 and one case of @entity943 complicated with @entity712 . There was one @entity1 who was converted from VATS to open thoracic surgery half-way. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown the efficacy, safety and a breakthrough in the "technical contraindications" of VATS in the management of TDL.

title: Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for 29 XXXX with tuberculosis-destroyed lung.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ) and @entity5787 ( @entity5787 ) gene mutations occur independently. This is the first report of their coexistence in the same individuals. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the genotype-phenotype correlations when mutations in both genes are present alone or together in the same individual. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty subjects from an extended Arab kindred underwent clinical investigation and molecular studies of the mutant TSHRs. RESULTS: A novel mutant @entity5010 was identified, involving four nucleotides at three sites on the same allele, @entity72821 ( @entity72822 ), @entity72823 ( @entity72824 ), and @entity72825 ( @entity72826 ). In addition, two known @entity5787 gene mutations, @entity72827 and @entity72828 , were identified. Thirteen heterozygotes for the mutant @entity5010 allele had mild hyperthyrotropinemia. In nine of theses, the coexistence of a @entity5787 mutation in one allele did not magnify the hyperthyrotropinemia. Homozygotes for the mutant @entity5010 and a compound heterozygote for the @entity5787 mutations presented @entity1375 . In vitro studies showed increasing loss of function for @entity72824 less than @entity72826 less than @entity72824 / @entity72826 @entity5010 mutants, the latter being that expressed in the subjects under investigation. The two interchangeably used WT @entity5010 vectors, L87 and V87, although functionally identical, differed in structure and function in the presence of the @entity72824 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5010 and @entity5787 gene mutations were identified alone and together in individuals of a consanguineous kindred. Homozygotes for the @entity5010 and a compound heterozygote for the @entity5787 mutations were @entity1375 . The mild hyperthyrotropinemia of heterozygotes for the mutant @entity5010 allele was not aggravated by the coexistence of a @entity5787 defect in one allele.

title: The coexistence of a novel inactivating mutant thyrotropin receptor allele with two XXXX mutations: a genotype-phenotype correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['frank hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['TPO', 'thyroid peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity72822 :: ('p|SUB|L|89|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L89L']

entities_list: @entity72824 :: ('p|SUB|Q|90|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q90P']

answer: @entity5787 :: (7173,Gene) :: ['thyroid peroxidase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 is proposed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and serum @entity648 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the association between serum total @entity648 (Tb) concentration and renal function in an adult population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected anthropometric measurements, fasting blood tests, lifestyle habits and medical history of 3876 subjects attending a health examination. @entity177 was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) calculated by using the @entity740 -EPI equation. RESULTS: Serum Tb concentrations were higher in subjects without @entity177 than in those with @entity177 . Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that Tb concentration was positively associated with eGFR after adjusting for important @entity740 risk factors (P=0.04). Multivariable logistic regression analysis also revealed that higher Tb concentration (each increment of 1.71  mol/L) (0.1 mg/dL) was associated with a reduced risk of @entity177 : odds ratios were 0.94 (P=0.005) for @entity1 and 0.90 (P=0.015) for @entity1 , respectively. When subjects were divided into quartiles of serum Tb, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for @entity177 comparing the fourth to the first Tb quartile were 0.49 (P=0.001) for @entity1 and 0.35 (P=0.003) for @entity1 . A stepwise exclusion of subjects, first those with possible @entity409 and second, those with @entity740 stage 4 and 5, showed consistent results. CONCLUSION: Higher serum Tb concentration was associated with lower risk of @entity177 , regardless of other conventional @entity740 risk factors.

title: Higher serum total XXXX concentration is associated with lower risk of @entity177 in an adult population.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency', 'renal insufficiency']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['bilirubin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 is proposed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and serum @entity648 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the association between serum total @entity648 (Tb) concentration and renal function in an adult population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected anthropometric measurements, fasting blood tests, lifestyle habits and medical history of 3876 subjects attending a health examination. @entity177 was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) calculated by using the @entity740 -EPI equation. RESULTS: Serum Tb concentrations were higher in subjects without @entity177 than in those with @entity177 . Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that Tb concentration was positively associated with eGFR after adjusting for important @entity740 risk factors (P=0.04). Multivariable logistic regression analysis also revealed that higher Tb concentration (each increment of 1.71  mol/L) (0.1 mg/dL) was associated with a reduced risk of @entity177 : odds ratios were 0.94 (P=0.005) for @entity1 and 0.90 (P=0.015) for @entity1 , respectively. When subjects were divided into quartiles of serum Tb, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for @entity177 comparing the fourth to the first Tb quartile were 0.49 (P=0.001) for @entity1 and 0.35 (P=0.003) for @entity1 . A stepwise exclusion of subjects, first those with possible @entity409 and second, those with @entity740 stage 4 and 5, showed consistent results. CONCLUSION: Higher serum Tb concentration was associated with lower risk of @entity177 , regardless of other conventional @entity740 risk factors.

title: Higher serum total @entity648 concentration is associated with lower risk of XXXX in an adult population.

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: @entity2275 are among the most common diseases affecting @entity1 . This study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effects of manuka honey against @entity1068 -induced @entity2275 in @entity35 . The mechanism by which honey exerts its antiulcer potential was elucidated. Four groups of @entity35 were used: control, @entity1068 (ulcer), @entity4546 , and manuka honey. Stomachs were examined macroscopically for @entity548 in the glandular mucosa, histopathological changes, and glycoprotein detection. The effects of oxidative stress were investigated using the following indicators: gastric mucosal @entity842 (NO), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), lipid @entity2625 ( @entity1865 , measured as @entity1234 ) @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Plasma @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , and @entity568 were also measured. Manuka honey significantly decreased the ulcer index, completely protected the mucosa from lesions, and preserved @entity356 . It significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of NO, @entity6172 , GPx, and SOD. Manuka honey also decreased gastric mucosal @entity1865 and plasma @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 concentrations. In conclusion, manuka honey likely exerted its antiulcer, effect by keeping enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and nonenzymatic ( @entity6172 and NO) antioxidants as well as inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 ) in a reduced form, inhibited lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 ), and preserved mucous glycoproteins levels.

title: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiulcer Potential of Manuka Honey against XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione', 'glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['Gastric Ulcer']


abstract: @entity2275 are among the most common diseases affecting @entity1 . This study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effects of manuka honey against @entity1068 -induced @entity2275 in @entity35 . The mechanism by which honey exerts its antiulcer potential was elucidated. Four groups of @entity35 were used: control, @entity1068 (ulcer), @entity4546 , and manuka honey. Stomachs were examined macroscopically for @entity548 in the glandular mucosa, histopathological changes, and glycoprotein detection. The effects of oxidative stress were investigated using the following indicators: gastric mucosal @entity842 (NO), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), lipid @entity2625 ( @entity1865 , measured as @entity1234 ) @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Plasma @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , and @entity568 were also measured. Manuka honey significantly decreased the ulcer index, completely protected the mucosa from lesions, and preserved @entity356 . It significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of NO, @entity6172 , GPx, and SOD. Manuka honey also decreased gastric mucosal @entity1865 and plasma @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 concentrations. In conclusion, manuka honey likely exerted its antiulcer, effect by keeping enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and nonenzymatic ( @entity6172 and NO) antioxidants as well as inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 ) in a reduced form, inhibited lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 ), and preserved mucous glycoproteins levels.

title: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiulcer Potential of Manuka Honey against @entity2275 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']