abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver metastasis is associated with poor prognosis in @entity356 . Surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy have been reported to be effective in @entity356 with @entity409 (GCLM). However, the best strategy for GCLM has not been established. METHODS: From May 2009 to July 2014, a consecutive series of GCLM @entity1 in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were studied. Treatment strategies were evaluated with regard to different extents of @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 163 @entity1 were included. The overall survival was 10.1  months. Active treatment significantly prolongs the survival of GCLM @entity1 . The overall survival time for @entity1 with liver-limited @entity3 and extra-hepatic liver @entity3 was 11.6 mo and 8.7 mo, respectively (P  =  0.012). The median survival time for liver-limited disease of H1, H2 and H3 was 14.2, 15.8, and 8.5 months, respectively (H3 vs H2, P  =  0.001; H3 vs H1, P  =  0.000; H1 vs H2, P  =  0.900). Systemic chemotherapy was chosen as the main strategy for the 'extensive' @entity1 with extra-hepatic @entity3 and H3 type liver-limited @entity3 . @entity1 ' survival was benefited by multi-line chemotherapy. No differences were shown between systemic chemotherapy and curative resection or palliative resection in H1 and H2 liver-limited @entity3 (16.0 mo vs 12.0 mo, P  =  0.711; 16.0 vs 18.8 months, P  =  0.654). CONCLUSION: Systemic chemotherapy was the main treatment for @entity356 @entity1 with liver @entity3 . Curative resection could be considered for highly selected @entity1 .

title: Systemic chemotherapy as a main strategy for liver @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver metastasis is associated with poor prognosis in @entity356 . Surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy have been reported to be effective in @entity356 with @entity409 (GCLM). However, the best strategy for GCLM has not been established. METHODS: From May 2009 to July 2014, a consecutive series of GCLM @entity1 in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were studied. Treatment strategies were evaluated with regard to different extents of @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 163 @entity1 were included. The overall survival was 10.1  months. Active treatment significantly prolongs the survival of GCLM @entity1 . The overall survival time for @entity1 with liver-limited @entity3 and extra-hepatic liver @entity3 was 11.6 mo and 8.7 mo, respectively (P  =  0.012). The median survival time for liver-limited disease of H1, H2 and H3 was 14.2, 15.8, and 8.5 months, respectively (H3 vs H2, P  =  0.001; H3 vs H1, P  =  0.000; H1 vs H2, P  =  0.900). Systemic chemotherapy was chosen as the main strategy for the 'extensive' @entity1 with extra-hepatic @entity3 and H3 type liver-limited @entity3 . @entity1 ' survival was benefited by multi-line chemotherapy. No differences were shown between systemic chemotherapy and curative resection or palliative resection in H1 and H2 liver-limited @entity3 (16.0 mo vs 12.0 mo, P  =  0.711; 16.0 vs 18.8 months, P  =  0.654). CONCLUSION: Systemic chemotherapy was the main treatment for @entity356 @entity1 with liver @entity3 . Curative resection could be considered for highly selected @entity1 .

title: Systemic chemotherapy as a main strategy for liver XXXX from @entity356 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: We sought to determine the clinical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and pathological features of @entity6437 . Five @entity1 were identified. All cases presented with a gradually progressive @entity425 , @entity393 , and prominent @entity9 . The median duration of symptoms was 7 months (range 3-36 months). Electrophysiological results were in keeping with chronic @entity4216 with variable findings of active denervation and reinnervation. MRI demonstrated irregular, large masses involving and surrounding nerve with heterogenous signal characteristics on T1- and T2-weighted and post-contrast sequences. Histopathological features of the nerve slightly varied but shared commonalities including chronic inflammatory infiltrates, increased collagen, and increased numbers of microvessels. @entity528 and decreased density of myelinated fibers were also noted. Three @entity1 were treated with weekly courses of intravenous @entity230 for 3 months. All reported improvement in @entity158 and @entity425 . @entity6437 is not a @entity5 and has reactive features of @entity32 , increased vascularity, and marked @entity82 . It presents as a progressive @entity4216 with @entity425 , @entity393 , and @entity158 that may be episodic. The primary pathophysiology is unknown but the @entity32 and response to treatment suggests that there may be an immune component.

title: XXXX : clinicopathological characteristics and a potential therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of nerve', 'inflammatory pseudotumor of nerve']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'mononeuropathy with symptoms of weakness']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal mononeuropathies', 'axonal mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sensory loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of nerve']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this study, we evaluated the impacts of organ failure and residual dysfunction on 1-year survival and health care resource use using @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) discharge as the starting point. METHODS: We conducted a historical cohort study, including all adult @entity1 discharged alive after at least 72 h of @entity1213 stay in a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. The starting point of follow-up was @entity1213 discharge. Organ failure was defined as a value of 3 or 4 in its corresponding component of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and residual organ dysfunction was defined as a score of 1 or 2. We fit a multivariate flexible Cox model to predict 1-year survival. RESULTS: We analyzed 690 @entity1 . Mortality at 1 year after discharge was 27%. Using multivariate modeling, age, @entity1030 , @entity5 and albumin at @entity1213 discharge were the main determinants of 1-year survival. Age and organ failure were non-linearly associated with survival, and the impact of organ failure diminished over time. We conducted a subset analysis with 561 @entity1 (81%) discharged without organ failure within the previous 24 h of discharge, and the number of residual organs in dysfunction remained strongly associated with reduced 1-year survival. The use of health care resources among hospital survivors was substantial within 1 year: 40% of the @entity1 were rehospitalized, 52% visited the emergency department, 90% were seen at the outpatient clinic, 14% attended rehabilitation outpatient services, 11% were followed by the psychological or @entity146 service and 7% used the day hospital facility. Use of health care resources up to 30 days after hospital discharge was associated with the number of organs in dysfunction at @entity1213 discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Organ failure was an important determinant of 1-year outcome of critically ill survivors. Nevertheless, the impact of organ failure tended to diminish over time. Resource use after @entity3124 was elevated among @entity1213 survivors, and a targeted action is needed to deliver appropriate care and to reduce the late @entity3124 .

title: One-year survival and resource use after XXXX : impact of organ failure and residual organ dysfunction in a cohort study in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer, organ dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness burden', 'critical illness']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['Intensive Care Unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and @entity3217 (FAF) features observed in a case of typical retinocytoma. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 17-year-old @entity1 on routine ophthalmologic evaluation for @entity10 had an elevated translucent lesion with peripheral pigmentation and adjacent @entity5066 close to the disc in the nasal retinal quadrant of the left eye. The lesion was confirmed to be retinocytoma on fluorescein angiography. Optical coherence tomography revealed a hyperreflective layer akin to preserved nerve fiber layer overlying the lesion in most of the scans. Symmetrical hyporeflective spaces in the underlying choroid and at places sudden disruption of choroid was also observed in the area of @entity194 . Fundus autofluorescence revealed areas of hyperfluorescence, isofluorescence, and hypofluorescence in the different regions of the lesion. These features on FAF were consistent with posttreatment regressed retinoblastoma. Scleral hyperreflectivity on OCT as well as unmasked hyperfluorescence on FAF was observed in areas of @entity5066 . CONCLUSIONS: We report novel findings of superficial hyperreflective layer presumed to be preserved nerve fiber layer in a case of typical retinocytoma as well as FAF features consistent with regressed retinoblastoma.

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and XXXX features in a case of typical retinocytoma.

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus autofluorescence']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['fundus autofluorescence']


abstract: The kinetics of product inhibition of @entity291 milk @entity41837 ( @entity41837 ) were studied in a system of emulsified @entity18050 (TG) at different fixed initial concentrations of @entity3952 [( @entity571 ]0) without a @entity844 (FA) acceptor. In the absence of apolipoprotein C-II (C-II), the apparent Vmax and the nH(TG) (the slope of the corresponding Hill plot for TG) of 1.82 decreased by about 52% and [TG]0.5 increased 13-fold by raising the [ @entity571 ]0 to 0.3 mM. At low [ @entity571 ]0, product inhibition was competitive with respect to TG: the nH( @entity571 ) averaged 1.1, and [ @entity571 ]0.5 was increased about 2-fold by TG. At the higher [ @entity571 ]0, nH( @entity571 ) was 3.5, and TG had no effect on [ @entity571 ]0.5. In the presence of 3 micrograms/mL C-II, the apparent Vmax was 4.3-7.1-fold higher than in its absence, and the nH(TG) was 2.45. Both parameters decreased by only 20-25%, and [TG]0.5 increased only 3-fold at an [ @entity571 ]0 of 0.3 mM. Conversely, nH( @entity571 ) decreased by 35% and [ @entity571 ]0.5 increased 6-fold by increasing TG concentrations. Similar kinetics were observed with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). At saturating TG and varying C-II concentrations, nH(C-II) was 1.78, and product inhibition was found to be competitive with respect to C-II. At the [ @entity571 ]0 employed, the FA had no effect on enzyme binding to TG emulsions, and there was no evidence that @entity41837 catalyzes the reverse reaction. It is concluded that (a) the @entity41837 kinetics are those of a multisite enzyme that probably has three high-affinity binding sites for TG, two for C-II, and four for @entity571 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Kinetics of product inhibition and mechanisms of XXXX activation by apolipoprotein C-II.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity18050 :: ('MESH:D014304', 'Chemical') :: ['trioleoylglycerol']

answer: @entity41837 :: (280843(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['lipoprotein lipase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses real-time data collection to assess @entity1 ' behaviors and environments. This paper explores the strengths and limitations of using EMA to examine social and environmental exposure to @entity286 in urban India among older adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVE: Objectives of this study were (1) to describe the methods used in an EMA study of @entity286 use in urban India using a mobile phone app for data collection, (2) to determine the feasibility of using EMA in the chosen setting by drawing on @entity1 completion and compliance rates with the study protocol, and (3) to provide recommendations on implementing mobile phone EMA research in India and other low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: Via mobile phones and the Internet, this study used two EMA surveys: (1) a momentary survey, sent multiple times per day at random to @entity1 , which asked about their real-time @entity286 use (smoked and smokeless) and exposure to pro- and antitobacco messaging in their location, and 2) an end-of-day survey sent at the end of each study day. Trained @entity1 , from Hyderabad and Kolkata, India, reported on their social and environmental exposure to @entity286 over 10 consecutive days. This feasibility study examined @entity1 compliance, exploring factors related to the successful completion of surveys and the validity of EMA data. RESULTS: The sample included 205 @entity1 , the majority of whom were male (135/205, 65.9%). Almost half smoked less than daily (56/205, 27.3%) or daily (43/205, 21.0%), and 4.4% (9/205) used smokeless @entity286 products. @entity1 completed and returned 46.87% and 73.02% of momentary and end-of-day surveys, respectively. Significant predictors of momentary survey completion included employment and completion of end-of-day surveys. End-of-day survey completion was only significantly predicted by momentary survey completion. CONCLUSIONS: This first study of EMA in India offers promising results, although more research is needed on how to increase compliance. End-of-day survey completion, which has a lower research burden, may be the more appropriate approach to understanding behaviors such as @entity286 use within vulnerable populations in challenging locations. Compliance may also be improved by increasing the number of study visits, compliance checks, or opportunities for retraining @entity1 before and during data collection.

title: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study XXXX Behavior in Urban India: There's an App for That.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ambiguity of defining hope impacts the level of readiness faced by health care professionals treating @entity1 with @entity11 , a disease with unpredictable outcomes. This study describes the report of hope and the relationship between hope and mood in adult @entity1313 @entity1 at various points in the illness trajectory. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data collection including use of the @entity894 ( @entity894 ), the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF), and clinical information. Descriptive statistics were used to report sample characteristics. Spearman's rho and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare and differentiate scores. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 ranging in age from 22 to 78 years (median, 44.5 y) participated in the study. @entity1 were primarily male (57.3%), married (76.8%), and had a high-grade @entity11 (35.4%). Nearly half had recurrence, and more than 20% were on active treatment. The overall @entity894 total score for the sample was 41.32 (range: 13-48). @entity1 with recurrence had a lower @entity894 interconnectedness (median = 14.00) score and higher total @entity1316 (median = 14.00) compared with @entity1 without recurrence (median = 15.00 and median = 0.00, respectively; P < .05). All negative mood states on the POMS-SF were negatively correlated with @entity894 subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, @entity1 reporting more hope also reported less overall @entity1316 As expected, @entity1 with @entity5 recurrence reported lower hope and higher @entity1316 than those who were newly diagnosed or without recurrence. Targeting interventions specifically tailored to an individual's needs for improvement in quality of life throughout the disease course may include measures to address hope in order to facilitate positive coping strategies.

title: Hope and mood changes throughout the primary XXXX illness trajectory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['HHI', 'Herth Hope Index']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paullinia pinnata is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of @entity66 , including @entity417 in @entity739 . AIM: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of increasing doses of the methanolic leaves extract of @entity15132 on hematological parameters in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six male @entity35 albino @entity35 were grouped into six groups of six animals each. Five doses; 50,100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the @entity15132 extract were administered separately to five groups. The sixth group served as a control and received only the vehicle (70% physiological saline: 30% @entity9266 [v/v]). Administration was done orally daily for 28 days at 24 h interval. On day 29, the animals were made inactive, blood was then collected from the heart and various hematological parameters were evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance was employed. RESULTS: The packed cell volume and red blood cell count increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups except at 200 mg/kg dose. The hemoglobin concentration increased in all the treatment groups. The values for the neutrophils at 50, 100, 200 and 800 mg/kg doses were higher than that of the control. The white blood cell count increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 50 and 400 mg/kg doses compared to the control and exceeded the normal physiological range. CONCLUSION: The maximum tolerable dose is 200 mg/kg body weight of the methanolic leaves extract of @entity15132 and the extract has anti-anemic property with the ability to increase neutrophils count.

title: Hematological effects of repeated graded doses of the methanol extract of Paullinia pinnata (Linn.) leaves in @entity35 albino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West Africa']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paullinia pinnata is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of @entity66 , including @entity417 in @entity739 . AIM: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of increasing doses of the methanolic leaves extract of @entity15132 on hematological parameters in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six male @entity35 albino @entity35 were grouped into six groups of six animals each. Five doses; 50,100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the @entity15132 extract were administered separately to five groups. The sixth group served as a control and received only the vehicle (70% physiological saline: 30% @entity9266 [v/v]). Administration was done orally daily for 28 days at 24 h interval. On day 29, the animals were made inactive, blood was then collected from the heart and various hematological parameters were evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance was employed. RESULTS: The packed cell volume and red blood cell count increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups except at 200 mg/kg dose. The hemoglobin concentration increased in all the treatment groups. The values for the neutrophils at 50, 100, 200 and 800 mg/kg doses were higher than that of the control. The white blood cell count increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 50 and 400 mg/kg doses compared to the control and exceeded the normal physiological range. CONCLUSION: The maximum tolerable dose is 200 mg/kg body weight of the methanolic leaves extract of @entity15132 and the extract has anti-anemic property with the ability to increase neutrophils count.

title: Hematological effects of repeated graded doses of the methanol extract of Paullinia pinnata (Linn.) leaves in XXXX albino @entity35 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Wistar']


abstract: AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant streptokinase (rSK) vs @entity7496 -based suppositories in acute @entity6713 . METHODS: A multicenter (11 sites), randomized (1:1:1), open, controlled trial with parallel groups was performed. All participating @entity1 gave their written, informed consent. After inclusion, @entity1 with acute symptoms of @entity6713 were centrally randomized to receive, as outpatients, by the rectal route, suppositories of rSK 200000 IU of one unit every 8 h (first 3 units) and afterwards every 12 h until 8 administrations were completed (schedule A), one unit every 8 h until 6 units were completed (schedule B), or 25 mg @entity7496 once every 8 h up to a maximum of 24 administrations. Evaluations were performed at 3, 5, and 10 d post-inclusion. The main end-point was the 5(th)-day response (disappearance of @entity158 and @entity548 , and >=  70% reduction of the lesion size). Time to response and need for thrombectomy were secondary efficacy variables. Adverse events were also evaluated. RESULTS: Groups were homogeneous with regards to demographic and baseline characteristics. Fifth day complete response rates were 156/170 (91.8%; 95%CI: 87.3-96.2), 155/170 (91.2%; 95%CI: 86.6%-95.7%), and 46/170 (27.1%; 95%CI: 20.1%-34.0%) with rSK (schedule A and B) and @entity7496 suppositories, respectively. These 64.6% and 63.9% differences (95%CI: 56.7%-72.2% and 55.7%-72.0%) were highly significant (P < 0.001). This advantage was detected since the early 3(rd) day evaluation (68.8% and 64.1% vs 7.1% for the rSK and active control groups, respectively; P < 0.001) and was maintained even at the late 10(th) day assessment (97.1% and 93.5% vs 67.1% for rSK and @entity7496 , respectively; P < 0.001). Time to response was 3 d (95%CI: 2.9-3.1) for both rSK groups and 10 d (95%CI: 9.3-10.7) in the @entity7496 group. This difference was highly significant (P < 0.001). All subgroup stratified analyses (with or without @entity715 and @entity6713 ) showed a statistically significant advantage for the rSK groups. Thrombectomy was necessary in 4/251 and 14/133 @entity1 with baseline @entity715 in the rSK and @entity7496 groups, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no adverse events attributable to the experimental treatment. CONCLUSION: rSK suppositories showed a significant advantage over a widely-used over-the-counter @entity7496 preparation for the treatment of acute @entity6713 , as well as having an adequate safety profile.

title: Recombinant streptokinase vs hydrocortisone suppositories in acute XXXX : A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7496 :: ('MESH:C021650', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal illness', 'hemorrhoidal disease', 'hemorrhoids', 'hemorrhoid classification']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids']


abstract: This study aimed to formulate an optimized @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) nanoemulsion hydrogel in order to provide a solution for the slow, variable, and incomplete oral drug absorption in @entity1 suffering from @entity1800 . Solubility of @entity3073 in different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants was explored utilizing a cubic model mixture design to obtain a nanoemulsion with minimum globule size. Preparation of an optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken statistical design was conducted. The molecular weight of chitosan (X1), percentage of chitosan (X2), and percentage of @entity4744 as a skin permeation enhancer (X3) were selected to study their effects on hydrogel spreadability (Y1) and percent @entity3073 permeated through @entity35 skin after 2.5 hours (Y2). A pharmacokinetic study of the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel was conducted in @entity35 . Mixtures of clove oil and castor oil (3:1 ratio), @entity9266 and @entity37977 (3:1 ratio), and @entity2771 and Myo-6V (3:1 ratio) were selected as the oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant phases, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the molecular weight of chitosan has a significant antagonistic effect on spreadability, but has no significant effect on the percent @entity3073 permeated. The percentage of chitosan also has a significant antagonistic effect on the spreadability and percent @entity3073 permeated. On the other hand, the percentage of @entity4744 has a significant synergistic effect on percent @entity3073 permeated, with no effect on spreadability. The ex vivo study demonstrated that the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel showed a twofold and 1.5-fold higher permeation percentage than the control gel and marketed cream, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel improved to 535.2% and 244.6% with respect to the raw @entity3073 hydrogel and marketed cream, respectively, confirming improvement of the relative bioavailability of @entity3073 in the formulated nanoemulsion hydrogel.

title: Utilization of nanotechnology to enhance percutaneous absorption of @entity1033 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex viral infection']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['herpes simplex viral infections']


abstract: This study aimed to formulate an optimized @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) nanoemulsion hydrogel in order to provide a solution for the slow, variable, and incomplete oral drug absorption in @entity1 suffering from @entity1800 . Solubility of @entity3073 in different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants was explored utilizing a cubic model mixture design to obtain a nanoemulsion with minimum globule size. Preparation of an optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken statistical design was conducted. The molecular weight of chitosan (X1), percentage of chitosan (X2), and percentage of @entity4744 as a skin permeation enhancer (X3) were selected to study their effects on hydrogel spreadability (Y1) and percent @entity3073 permeated through @entity35 skin after 2.5 hours (Y2). A pharmacokinetic study of the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel was conducted in @entity35 . Mixtures of clove oil and castor oil (3:1 ratio), @entity9266 and @entity37977 (3:1 ratio), and @entity2771 and Myo-6V (3:1 ratio) were selected as the oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant phases, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the molecular weight of chitosan has a significant antagonistic effect on spreadability, but has no significant effect on the percent @entity3073 permeated. The percentage of chitosan also has a significant antagonistic effect on the spreadability and percent @entity3073 permeated. On the other hand, the percentage of @entity4744 has a significant synergistic effect on percent @entity3073 permeated, with no effect on spreadability. The ex vivo study demonstrated that the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel showed a twofold and 1.5-fold higher permeation percentage than the control gel and marketed cream, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel improved to 535.2% and 244.6% with respect to the raw @entity3073 hydrogel and marketed cream, respectively, confirming improvement of the relative bioavailability of @entity3073 in the formulated nanoemulsion hydrogel.

title: Utilization of nanotechnology to enhance percutaneous absorption of XXXX in the treatment of @entity1800 .

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: The A/J @entity19 is highly susceptible to @entity2 induction and has been widely used as a screening model in carcinogenicity testing and chemoprevention studies. However, the A/J @entity19 model has several disadvantages. Most notably, it develops @entity2 spontaneously. Moreover, there is a considerable gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of @entity105 in the A/J @entity19 . Therefore, we examined the differences between spontaneous and cigarette smoke-related @entity2 in the A/J @entity19 model using mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiling. Male A/J @entity19 were exposed whole-body to @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) for 18 months. Gene expression interaction term analysis of @entity2 and surrounding non-tumorous parenchyma samples from animals that were exposed to either 300 mg/m(3) @entity1981 or sham-exposed to fresh air indicated significant differential expression of 296 genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(  ) ( @entity9348 (  )) indicated an overall suppression of the humoral immune response, which was accompanied by a disruption of @entity8483 and glycosaminoglycan metabolism and a deregulation of potentially oncogenic miRNA in @entity5 of @entity1981 -exposed A/J @entity19 . Thus, we propose that @entity1981 exposure leads to severe perturbations in pathways essential for @entity5 recognition by the immune system, thereby potentiating the ability of @entity5 cells to escape from immune surveillance. Further, exposure to @entity1981 appeared to affect expression of miRNA, which have previously been implicated in @entity105 and are thought to contribute to @entity5 progression. Finally, we identified a 50-gene expression signature and show its utility in distinguishing between cigarette smoke-related and spontaneous @entity2 .

title: Systems toxicology approaches enable mechanistic comparison of spontaneous and cigarette smoke-related XXXX development in the A/J @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity8483 :: ('CHEBI:26739', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'pulmonary chemical carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['mainstream cigarette smoke', 'MS']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: The A/J @entity19 is highly susceptible to @entity2 induction and has been widely used as a screening model in carcinogenicity testing and chemoprevention studies. However, the A/J @entity19 model has several disadvantages. Most notably, it develops @entity2 spontaneously. Moreover, there is a considerable gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of @entity105 in the A/J @entity19 . Therefore, we examined the differences between spontaneous and cigarette smoke-related @entity2 in the A/J @entity19 model using mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiling. Male A/J @entity19 were exposed whole-body to @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) for 18 months. Gene expression interaction term analysis of @entity2 and surrounding non-tumorous parenchyma samples from animals that were exposed to either 300 mg/m(3) @entity1981 or sham-exposed to fresh air indicated significant differential expression of 296 genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(  ) ( @entity9348 (  )) indicated an overall suppression of the humoral immune response, which was accompanied by a disruption of @entity8483 and glycosaminoglycan metabolism and a deregulation of potentially oncogenic miRNA in @entity5 of @entity1981 -exposed A/J @entity19 . Thus, we propose that @entity1981 exposure leads to severe perturbations in pathways essential for @entity5 recognition by the immune system, thereby potentiating the ability of @entity5 cells to escape from immune surveillance. Further, exposure to @entity1981 appeared to affect expression of miRNA, which have previously been implicated in @entity105 and are thought to contribute to @entity5 progression. Finally, we identified a 50-gene expression signature and show its utility in distinguishing between cigarette smoke-related and spontaneous @entity2 .

title: Systems toxicology approaches enable mechanistic comparison of spontaneous and cigarette smoke-related @entity2 development in the A/J XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A series of 60 @entity1 with "high risk" @entity978 (B symptoms, or large mediastinal mass, or @entity358 ) were staged without laparotomy and treated with combined modality treatment: @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 (6 MOPP) plus radiotherapy. @entity1 were restaged after the first three courses of MOPP and the status of response to therapy at that time was called early response to chemotherapy (ERC). The rate of @entity1568 mustard and @entity4174 delivery (MRD) during the first three cycles of chemotherapy also was assessed. At the completion of the therapy @entity1 were restaged and the final response was assessed. Fifty-two (86.7%) @entity1 entered complete remission (CR). Forty-eight percent of the complete responders achieved CR in the first three courses of MOPP. Eight-year survival and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the @entity1 achieving CR were 71% and 73%, respectively. Survival and DFS were significantly better for the @entity1 who achieved CR in the first three cycles of chemotherapy than for @entity1 who entered CR at a later stage of therapy: 8-year survival 90% versus 55% (P = 0.00); 8-year DFS 87% versus 59% (P = 0.01). The attainment of a complete ERC was adversely affected by lymphocyte depletion (LD) histologic type (P = 0.01) and MRD less than 65% (P = 0.04). However, when a multivariate regression analysis was used, ERC was the only significant prognostic variable for survival and DFS and its predictive value was confirmed even after correction by MRD. These data suggest that the rapidity of response to chemotherapy could be an important prognostic factor in high-risk @entity978 .

title: Predictive value of the early response to chemotherapy in high-risk stages II and III XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['E lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Stage II and III Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: 1. Thirty-two @entity1 with hemoglobin SC (Hb SC) disease from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described. Mean @entity1 age at the time of study was 20 years, and average age at onset nine years. 2. The main complaint at presentation was @entity158 . Symptoms involved @entity158 in 72% of the @entity1 , while 59% presented @entity382 and 50% @entity381 . Mean hemoglobin level was 10.6 g/dl, erythrocyte count, 3.9 X 10(6)/mm3, and serum @entity648 , 1.4 g/dl. Reticulocytes and Hb F were 3.0% and 2.2%, respectively. 3. The characteristics of @entity13654 observed in the present study did not differ significantly from those of other series studied elsewhere. This relative homogeneity of data is probably related to the physiopathological mechanism that promotes sickling in this condition.

title: Clinical and hematological features of XXXX in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13654 :: ('MESH:D006450', 'Disease') :: ['Hb SC disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone or joint pains']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity13654 :: (MESH:D006450,Disease) :: ['hemoglobin SC disease']


abstract: Between 1981 and 1985, seven @entity1 (mean age 44 years) underwent surgery for benign gastroduodenal ulcer in the Department of Surgery. Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland. Surgical indications were a double subcardial and prepyloric ulcer recurring after medical treatment, a duodenal and jejunal anastomotic ulcer after gastroenterostomy, two duodenal @entity1066 which recurred after vagotomy, and three perforated @entity1066 (subcardial, prepyloric, duodenal). All @entity1 underwent two-thirds gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y loop. Clinical investigations and gastroscopy were performed 1-5 years postoperatively. Clinical results were excellent in 5 cases (Visick 1), good in one (Visick 2), and moderate in one (Visick 3). Symptoms and signs associated with @entity253 were found as follows: @entity391 1 @entity1 ; @entity158 1 @entity1 ; weight loss 1 @entity1 ; @entity417 1 @entity1 . No bile staining was seen in any @entity1 . Gastric biopsy demonstrated a normal mucosa in 2 @entity1 and @entity3621 in 5 @entity1 . Roux-en-Y gastrectomy gives satisfactory results in certain benign gastroduodenal ulcer situations. @entity356 may exist without biliary reflux.

title: [Clinical study and gastroscopy of XXXX following gastric resection and Roux-en-Y anastomosis].

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Perianastomotic and gastric stump gastritis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary gastritis']


abstract: @entity291 were delivered by Caesarean section in 128 cases during the early months of 1984. All animals were allocated alternately to a trial group and a group of controls. When the peritoneum and transverse muscle had been sutured, the wounds of the animals in the trial group were irrigated and washed with 300 ml. of @entity4279 (10 per cent of @entity4279 in water). This was followed by closure of the wound. The animals of the group of controls were not treated. The procedure was performed in ninety-four primiparae (73 per cent) and thirty-four multiparae (27 per cent). The indication for Caesarean section consisted in fetal oversize in 119 cases (93 per cent). Eight @entity291 (6 per cent) were stillborn or died immediately post partum. The proportion of animals in which the placentae were retained, was 9 per cent. Two animals died from @entity298 and @entity548 respectively. Irrigation of the wound did not have any effect on the number of wound infections (Table 3). @entity2737 occurred in nineteen animals (15 per cent). The operations were performed by six veterinary surgeons (Table 4). The trial group and group of controls treated by each veterinarian did not differ essentially as regards wound healing.

title: [Wound healing and wound irrigation in cesarean section of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['PVP-iodine', 'Betadine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Terminal ileum was autografted (24 @entity235 ) or allografted (18 @entity235 ) as a 100-cm Thiry-Vella segment, and absorption, motility, and histology were studied. @entity235 with allografts were given @entity205 (CsA) 20 mg/kg/day. At a second operation 5 to 6 weeks after transplantation continuity of the nontransplanted intestine with the Thiry-Vella segment was restored. At a third operation 3 months after autografting, all the non-transplanted small intestine was excised. All technically successful autografts survived indefinitely, and the @entity235 weights were maintained at 88 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- SE) of preoperative weights by absorption from the autografted intestine. Administration of @entity205 to @entity235 with intestinal autografts produced a reversible impairment of intestinal absorption. @entity235 with allografts survived 63.3 +/- 15.5 days (mean +/- SE). @entity204 within 9 weeks of transplantation was from peritonitis secondary to graft rejection. @entity204 in long survivors was a consequence of inadequate intestinal absorption. In the first 4 weeks after transplantation absorption and motility of allografted Thiry-Vella segments was comparable to the intestinal autografts but allografts showed evidence of a @entity6518 . Large volumes of high protein-content fluid were lost from the allografted Thiry-Vella segments, and @entity235 with allografts became hypoalbuminemic.

title: Segmental small intestinal allografts. II. Inadequate function with XXXX immunosuppression: evidence of a @entity6518 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein losing enteropathy']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Terminal ileum was autografted (24 @entity235 ) or allografted (18 @entity235 ) as a 100-cm Thiry-Vella segment, and absorption, motility, and histology were studied. @entity235 with allografts were given @entity205 (CsA) 20 mg/kg/day. At a second operation 5 to 6 weeks after transplantation continuity of the nontransplanted intestine with the Thiry-Vella segment was restored. At a third operation 3 months after autografting, all the non-transplanted small intestine was excised. All technically successful autografts survived indefinitely, and the @entity235 weights were maintained at 88 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- SE) of preoperative weights by absorption from the autografted intestine. Administration of @entity205 to @entity235 with intestinal autografts produced a reversible impairment of intestinal absorption. @entity235 with allografts survived 63.3 +/- 15.5 days (mean +/- SE). @entity204 within 9 weeks of transplantation was from peritonitis secondary to graft rejection. @entity204 in long survivors was a consequence of inadequate intestinal absorption. In the first 4 weeks after transplantation absorption and motility of allografted Thiry-Vella segments was comparable to the intestinal autografts but allografts showed evidence of a @entity6518 . Large volumes of high protein-content fluid were lost from the allografted Thiry-Vella segments, and @entity235 with allografts became hypoalbuminemic.

title: Segmental small intestinal allografts. II. Inadequate function with @entity205 immunosuppression: evidence of a XXXX .

answer: @entity6518 :: (MESH:D011504,Disease) :: ['protein-losing enteropathy']


abstract: @entity235 bladders were distended for 4 h at 100 cm H2O to study the effects of distension on bladder function and structure. A micturition study was performed before overstretching, immediately after distension and 5 days after it. Bladder function was impaired immediately after distension, compliance and residual urine were increased and the maximum pressure during voiding decreased. The function returned to normal after 5 days. Overstretching caused @entity548 , only rarely @entity82 or @entity39 of bladder wall. Electron microscopic changes of the bladder peripheral nerves were slight, the consistent finding being @entity4 in areas of outer mesoaxons and between cytoplasmic processes of Schwann cells. This change was sometimes accompanied by a rupture of the surrounding basement membrane. Axonal lysis was observed in one case. It is concluded that these anatomical changes, although found at the moment of functional recovery, may be linked to @entity73 in the bladder wall causing, at least partly, its impaired function. This may further decrease @entity1494 and after urinary retention cause prolonged micturition problems. Functional recovery occurs, however, quite rapidly in healthy bladders.

title: Effect of distension on function and nervous ultrastructure in the XXXX urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse or focal submucosal haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired conductivity of nerves']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder instability']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of ganglionated plexi ablation on electrophysiological characteristics and neuron remodeling in target atrial tissues remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity235 in group 1 (control, n=8) were not subjected to ganglionated plexi ablation and observed for 1 month, and @entity235 in groups 2 to 4 (ablation groups, n=8 each) underwent ablation of the right-sided ganglionated plexi and observed for 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Atrial electrophysiological characteristics were examined before ablation, immediately and continuously after ablation. Target atrial tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Atrial effective refractory period was significantly prolonged immediately after ablation (P<0.001), and persisted for 1 month (P<0.05). Nerve densities decreased 1 month after ablation (P<0.001). These parameters reverted to preablation levels after 6 and 12 months. In the ablation groups, @entity955 was induced in 5 of 8 @entity235 after 1 month and in all animals after 6 and 12 months. @entity955 was not observed in the control group and in the experimental groups immediately after ablation. Moreover, the expression of the @entity22104 was upregulated after ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Ganglionated plexi ablation effectively prolonged atrial effective refractory period for a short period, but the long-term effects on atrial effective refractory period and the suppression of @entity955 induction were not persistent. Targeted @entity528 may be an important mechanism underlying the observed electrophysiological changes.

title: Long-Term Effects of Ganglionated Plexi Ablation on Electrophysiological Characteristics and Neuron Remodeling in Target Atrial Tissues in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['atrial neuron remodeling']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs) plays critical roles in @entity5 . @entity71130 has been implicated in several types of @entity5 . However, the role of @entity71130 in @entity5 development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide evidence that @entity71130 is overexpressed in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells and @entity1 -derived @entity5 , correlated with increased cell growth and decreased overall @entity1 survival. @entity369 methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1)strongly inhibited @entity5 growth, increased the ratio of @entity1380 / @entity1379 , and induced apoptosis in @entity19 @entity14 xenograt model. AMI-1 also induced apoptosis and decreased the migratory activity in several @entity14 cells. In @entity14 xenografts AMI-1 significantly decreased symmetric dimethylation of histone 4 (H4R3me2s), a histone mark of type II @entity71130 , but not the expression of H4R3me2a, a histone mark of type I PRMTs. These results suggest that the inhibition of @entity71130 contributes to the antitumor efficacy of AMI-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified @entity2557 and @entity4043 as two key genes regulated by @entity71130 . @entity71130 knockdown reduced the levels of H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s methylation on @entity2557 and @entity4043 promoters, leading to decreased expressions of @entity2557 and @entity4043 . Collectively, our findings provide new evidence that @entity71130 plays an important role in @entity14 pathogenesis through epigenetically regulating @entity369 methylation of oncogenes such as @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

title: Targeting protein @entity369 methyltransferase 5 inhibits XXXX growth by decreasing @entity369 methylation of @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs) plays critical roles in @entity5 . @entity71130 has been implicated in several types of @entity5 . However, the role of @entity71130 in @entity5 development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide evidence that @entity71130 is overexpressed in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells and @entity1 -derived @entity5 , correlated with increased cell growth and decreased overall @entity1 survival. @entity369 methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1)strongly inhibited @entity5 growth, increased the ratio of @entity1380 / @entity1379 , and induced apoptosis in @entity19 @entity14 xenograt model. AMI-1 also induced apoptosis and decreased the migratory activity in several @entity14 cells. In @entity14 xenografts AMI-1 significantly decreased symmetric dimethylation of histone 4 (H4R3me2s), a histone mark of type II @entity71130 , but not the expression of H4R3me2a, a histone mark of type I PRMTs. These results suggest that the inhibition of @entity71130 contributes to the antitumor efficacy of AMI-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified @entity2557 and @entity4043 as two key genes regulated by @entity71130 . @entity71130 knockdown reduced the levels of H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s methylation on @entity2557 and @entity4043 promoters, leading to decreased expressions of @entity2557 and @entity4043 . Collectively, our findings provide new evidence that @entity71130 plays an important role in @entity14 pathogenesis through epigenetically regulating @entity369 methylation of oncogenes such as @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

title: Targeting protein @entity369 methyltransferase 5 inhibits @entity14 growth by decreasing @entity369 methylation of @entity4043 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2557 :: (2261,Gene) :: ['FGFR3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs) plays critical roles in @entity5 . @entity71130 has been implicated in several types of @entity5 . However, the role of @entity71130 in @entity5 development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide evidence that @entity71130 is overexpressed in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells and @entity1 -derived @entity5 , correlated with increased cell growth and decreased overall @entity1 survival. @entity369 methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1)strongly inhibited @entity5 growth, increased the ratio of @entity1380 / @entity1379 , and induced apoptosis in @entity19 @entity14 xenograt model. AMI-1 also induced apoptosis and decreased the migratory activity in several @entity14 cells. In @entity14 xenografts AMI-1 significantly decreased symmetric dimethylation of histone 4 (H4R3me2s), a histone mark of type II @entity71130 , but not the expression of H4R3me2a, a histone mark of type I PRMTs. These results suggest that the inhibition of @entity71130 contributes to the antitumor efficacy of AMI-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified @entity2557 and @entity4043 as two key genes regulated by @entity71130 . @entity71130 knockdown reduced the levels of H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s methylation on @entity2557 and @entity4043 promoters, leading to decreased expressions of @entity2557 and @entity4043 . Collectively, our findings provide new evidence that @entity71130 plays an important role in @entity14 pathogenesis through epigenetically regulating @entity369 methylation of oncogenes such as @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

title: Targeting protein @entity369 methyltransferase 5 inhibits @entity14 growth by decreasing @entity369 methylation of XXXX and @entity2557 .

answer: @entity4043 :: (1977,Gene) :: ['eIF4E']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs) plays critical roles in @entity5 . @entity71130 has been implicated in several types of @entity5 . However, the role of @entity71130 in @entity5 development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide evidence that @entity71130 is overexpressed in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells and @entity1 -derived @entity5 , correlated with increased cell growth and decreased overall @entity1 survival. @entity369 methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1)strongly inhibited @entity5 growth, increased the ratio of @entity1380 / @entity1379 , and induced apoptosis in @entity19 @entity14 xenograt model. AMI-1 also induced apoptosis and decreased the migratory activity in several @entity14 cells. In @entity14 xenografts AMI-1 significantly decreased symmetric dimethylation of histone 4 (H4R3me2s), a histone mark of type II @entity71130 , but not the expression of H4R3me2a, a histone mark of type I PRMTs. These results suggest that the inhibition of @entity71130 contributes to the antitumor efficacy of AMI-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified @entity2557 and @entity4043 as two key genes regulated by @entity71130 . @entity71130 knockdown reduced the levels of H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s methylation on @entity2557 and @entity4043 promoters, leading to decreased expressions of @entity2557 and @entity4043 . Collectively, our findings provide new evidence that @entity71130 plays an important role in @entity14 pathogenesis through epigenetically regulating @entity369 methylation of oncogenes such as @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

title: Targeting protein XXXX methyltransferase 5 inhibits @entity14 growth by decreasing @entity369 methylation of @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs) plays critical roles in @entity5 . @entity71130 has been implicated in several types of @entity5 . However, the role of @entity71130 in @entity5 development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide evidence that @entity71130 is overexpressed in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells and @entity1 -derived @entity5 , correlated with increased cell growth and decreased overall @entity1 survival. @entity369 methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1)strongly inhibited @entity5 growth, increased the ratio of @entity1380 / @entity1379 , and induced apoptosis in @entity19 @entity14 xenograt model. AMI-1 also induced apoptosis and decreased the migratory activity in several @entity14 cells. In @entity14 xenografts AMI-1 significantly decreased symmetric dimethylation of histone 4 (H4R3me2s), a histone mark of type II @entity71130 , but not the expression of H4R3me2a, a histone mark of type I PRMTs. These results suggest that the inhibition of @entity71130 contributes to the antitumor efficacy of AMI-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified @entity2557 and @entity4043 as two key genes regulated by @entity71130 . @entity71130 knockdown reduced the levels of H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s methylation on @entity2557 and @entity4043 promoters, leading to decreased expressions of @entity2557 and @entity4043 . Collectively, our findings provide new evidence that @entity71130 plays an important role in @entity14 pathogenesis through epigenetically regulating @entity369 methylation of oncogenes such as @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

title: Targeting protein @entity369 methyltransferase 5 inhibits @entity14 growth by decreasing XXXX methylation of @entity4043 and @entity2557 .

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: After a brief review of the literature, the results of the treatment by radiation therapy in 218 @entity1 with tonsillar region @entity189 are reported. The @entity1 were treated at the Turin University Radiotherapy Department (131 cases) and at the Radiotherapy Department of the Ospedale Maggiore, Novara (87 cases) from 1976 through 1984. The series included 29 T1, 88 T2, 64 T3 and 37 T4; 86 @entity1 (40%) were N0. Only 49 @entity1 were stages I and II (1/4 of the total). The local control (T) rate at the end of therapy was 63.5% for the overall series (139/218) ranging from 100% in T1, 72.6% T2, 54.6% T3 to 30% T4; the regional control (N) for @entity1 with cervical @entity3329 was 66% (88/132). The overall 5-year survival was 38%; the 5-year disease-free survival was 35%. The 5-year survival according to T-stage was 52% for limited cases ( @entity9212 ) in comparison to 22% for advanced ones (T3-T4). The 5-year survival for N0 stage was 55%; when neck nodes were present (N # 0) the survival was 29% after 5 years. Complications included 6 cases of trismus and 2 osteonecroses of the mandible. Second primary @entity5 were seen in 17 cases (7.8%). The most common cause of @entity204 was failure in primary @entity5 control (80% of cases). In this series the results of radiotherapy of @entity5 are quite good; @entity1 with large @entity5 masses fare less satisfactorily. Better results should be obtained in the future by identifying prognostic factors, monitoring potential causes of treatment failure and optimizing the radiotherapeutic treatment plan and technique.

title: [Results of radiotherapy in the treatment of 218 XXXX of the tonsillar area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'early stage tonsillar carcinomas', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and the mid-term effects of unilateral pedicle screw fixation and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in treating @entity179 . METHODS: From August 2005 to May 2010, 56 @entity1 with @entity179 underwent lumbar posterolateral fusion,their clinical data were retrospective analyzed. The @entity1 were divided into two groups (unilateral group and bilateral group) according to fixation methods,27 @entity1 in unilateral group who were underwent unilateral pedicle screw fixation, including 18 males and 9 females with a mean age of (57.5    7.1) years old (ranged from 41 to 66 years); and 29 @entity1 in bilateral group who were treated with bilateral pedicle screw fixation (on the basis of the above, with contralateral vertebral pedicle screw fixation), including 19 males and 10 females with a mean age of (54.6    5.1) years old (ranged from 43 to 68 years). The clinical data such as operation time, @entity190 volume, hospitalization time and cost were compared between two groups. JOA score system was used to evaluate the neurological function. And fusion status and cage-related complication were also analyzed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up from 36 to 60 months with an average of 45.8 months. No @entity1503 were found during operation. Operation time, @entity190 volume, hospitalization time and cost in unilateral group were better than that of bilateral group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in JOA score between two groups (P > 0.05). Two @entity1 in unilateral group developed with cage related complications, 1 case was cage displacement and 1 case was cage subsidence, while 2 @entity1 in bilateral group developed with complications of no-fusion, and there was no significant differences between two groups (P = 0.58). CONCLUSION: Unilateral pedicle screw fixation is a satisfactory method and can obtain good effects in treating @entity179 in mid-term, however, the indications should be well considered.

title: [Mid-term effect of unilateral pedicle screw fixation and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic nerve, blood vessels or organs injury']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['lumbar degenerative diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy in treating thoracolumbar @entity3083 . METHODS: From February 2009 to September 2012,11 @entity1 with thoracolumbar @entity3083 were treated by single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy. There were 7 males and 4 females, aged from 27 to 65 years old with an average of 53.7 years. The courses of disease was from 3 months to 2 years with the mean of 9 months. According to ASIA standard of @entity1566 , 3 cases were grade C and 8 cases D. After treatment, clinical effects were evaluated by ASIA grade, visual analogue score (VAS) and @entity717 Index (ODI); kyphosis Cobb angle change was observed by X-rays. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were followed up from 12 to 29 months with an average of 18 months. ASIA grade of @entity1566 , 3 @entity1 with grade C improved to grade D in 2 cases and grade E in 1 case 8 @entity1 with grade D improved to grade E in 7 cases and unchanged in 1 case. VAS decreased from preoperative 6.10    1.30 to 1.70    0.80 at 3 d after operation (P < 0.05). ODI improved from preoperative (68.36    10.41)% to (14.55    8.99)% (P < 0.05) at 3 d after operation. Kyphotic Cobb angle was corrected from preoperative (22.64    4.84)   to (4.27    1.49)   (P < 0.05) on the 3rd day after operation, and angle loss was mild at final follow-up, there was no significant difference between postoperative at 3 d and final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy for the treatment of thoracolumbar @entity3083 can effectively remove the lesion, improve nerve function and @entity85 , has advantage of single incision, @entity130 , and low recurrence rate. But it still need long-term and systemic treatment with anti- @entity1906 drugs.

title: [Treatment of thoracolumbar XXXX with single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['correct deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['little trauma']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 2.5 billion @entity1 are exposed to the risk of contracting @entity779 ( @entity779 ). Early diagnosis of @entity779 helps to diminish its burden on public health. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase amplification assays (RT-PCR) are the standard method for molecular detection of the dengue virus (DENV). Real-time RT-PCR analysis is not suitable for on-site screening since mobile devices are large, expensive, and complex. In this study, two RT-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assays were developed to detect DENV1-4. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using two quantitative RNA molecular standards, the analytical sensitivity of a RT-RPA targeting the 3  non-translated region of DENV1-4 was found to range from 14 (DENV4) to 241 (DENV1-3) RNA molecules detected. The assay was specific and did not cross detect other Flaviviruses. The RT-RPA assay was tested in a mobile laboratory combining magnetic-bead based total nucleic acid extraction and a portable detection device in Kedougou (Senegal) and in Bangkok (Thailand). In Kedougou, the RT-RPA was operated at an ambient temperature of 38  C with auxiliary electricity tapped from a motor vehicle and yielded a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 98% (n=31) and 100% (n=23), respectively. While in the field trial in Bangkok, the clinical sensitivity and specificity were 72% (n=90) and 100%(n=41), respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: During the first 5 days of @entity281 , the developed DENV1-4 RT-RPA assays constitute a suitable accurate and rapid assay for DENV diagnosis. Moreover, the use of a portable fluorescence-reading device broadens its application potential to the point-of-care for outbreak investigations.

title: Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Diagnostics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['DF', 'dengue fever']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Dengue Infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In March 2012, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) was introduced in three provincial public hospitals in Indonesia as a novel diagnostic to detect @entity378 and @entity1215 resistance among high risk individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of using Xpert in place of conventional solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing on case detection rates, treatment initiation rates, and health system delays among @entity6371 ( @entity378 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Cohort data on registration, test results and treatment initiation were collected from routine presumptive @entity1 registers one year before and one year after Xpert was introduced. Proportions of case detection and treatment initiation were compared using the Pearson Chi square test and median time delays using the Mood's Median test. RESULTS: A total of 975 individuals at risk of @entity6371 were registered in the pre-intervention year and 1,442 in the post-intervention year. After Xpert introduction, @entity378 positivity rate increased by 15%, while @entity1215 resistance rate reduced by 23% among @entity378 positive cases and by 9% among all tested. Second-line @entity378 treatment initiation rate among @entity1215 resistant @entity1 increased by 19%. Time from client registration to diagnosis was reduced by 74 days to a median of a single day (IQR 0-4) and time from diagnosis to treatment start was reduced by 27 days to a median of 15 days (IQR 7-51). All findings were significant with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Compared to solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing, Xpert detected more @entity378 and less @entity1215 resistance, increased second-line treatment initiation rates and shortened time to diagnosis and treatment. This test holds promise to improve rapid case finding and management of @entity6371 @entity1 in Indonesia.

title: Effects of Introducing Xpert MTB/RIF on Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX @entity1 in Indonesia: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis', 'drug-resistant TB']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In March 2012, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) was introduced in three provincial public hospitals in Indonesia as a novel diagnostic to detect @entity378 and @entity1215 resistance among high risk individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of using Xpert in place of conventional solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing on case detection rates, treatment initiation rates, and health system delays among @entity6371 ( @entity378 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Cohort data on registration, test results and treatment initiation were collected from routine presumptive @entity1 registers one year before and one year after Xpert was introduced. Proportions of case detection and treatment initiation were compared using the Pearson Chi square test and median time delays using the Mood's Median test. RESULTS: A total of 975 individuals at risk of @entity6371 were registered in the pre-intervention year and 1,442 in the post-intervention year. After Xpert introduction, @entity378 positivity rate increased by 15%, while @entity1215 resistance rate reduced by 23% among @entity378 positive cases and by 9% among all tested. Second-line @entity378 treatment initiation rate among @entity1215 resistant @entity1 increased by 19%. Time from client registration to diagnosis was reduced by 74 days to a median of a single day (IQR 0-4) and time from diagnosis to treatment start was reduced by 27 days to a median of 15 days (IQR 7-51). All findings were significant with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Compared to solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing, Xpert detected more @entity378 and less @entity1215 resistance, increased second-line treatment initiation rates and shortened time to diagnosis and treatment. This test holds promise to improve rapid case finding and management of @entity6371 @entity1 in Indonesia.

title: Effects of Introducing Xpert MTB/RIF on Diagnosis and Treatment of @entity6371 XXXX in Indonesia: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very rapidly progressive " @entity697 " was observed prior to the 1930 International Labour Office Conference on @entity5636 , but its clinical significance and pathologic relationship to classic @entity3440 caused @entity3673 were not settled. METHODS: Textual analysis of the 1930 Conference proceedings identified data relevant to rapidly progressive @entity5636 . Standard bibliographic searches identified relevant biomedical literature dating from before and after the Conference. RESULTS: The 1930 Johannesburg Conference contained descriptions of @entity697 , especially in the abrasive powders industry, but acute @entity3440 -related @entity358 did not conform to a three-stage disease model in @entity378 caused advanced disease, a model accepted at the Conference. Over following decades, additional reports appeared of rapidly progressive @entity5636 , unrelated to @entity378 . @entity5970 was identified only in 1958. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption by the 1930 Johannesburg Conference of a classification scheme into which acute rapidly progressive disease unrelated to @entity378 fitted poorly may have impeded the understanding of @entity697 and its importance. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:S39-S47, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: "Acute" XXXX at the 1930 Johannesburg Conference on @entity5636 and in its aftermath: Controversies over a distinct entity later recognized as silicoproteinosis.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute silicosis']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['which tuberculosis supra-infection', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['silicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very rapidly progressive " @entity697 " was observed prior to the 1930 International Labour Office Conference on @entity5636 , but its clinical significance and pathologic relationship to classic @entity3440 caused @entity3673 were not settled. METHODS: Textual analysis of the 1930 Conference proceedings identified data relevant to rapidly progressive @entity5636 . Standard bibliographic searches identified relevant biomedical literature dating from before and after the Conference. RESULTS: The 1930 Johannesburg Conference contained descriptions of @entity697 , especially in the abrasive powders industry, but acute @entity3440 -related @entity358 did not conform to a three-stage disease model in @entity378 caused advanced disease, a model accepted at the Conference. Over following decades, additional reports appeared of rapidly progressive @entity5636 , unrelated to @entity378 . @entity5970 was identified only in 1958. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption by the 1930 Johannesburg Conference of a classification scheme into which acute rapidly progressive disease unrelated to @entity378 fitted poorly may have impeded the understanding of @entity697 and its importance. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:S39-S47, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: "Acute" @entity5636 at the 1930 Johannesburg Conference on XXXX and in its aftermath: Controversies over a distinct entity later recognized as silicoproteinosis.

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['silicosis']


abstract: X-rays of the hands and wrists of 100 @entity1 suffering from @entity309 ( @entity309 ) were compared to those of 65 control subjects matched for age and sex. Osteoarticular destruction was assessed using Larsen's index and by carpal @entity79 ; ulnar deviation of the fingers (UDF) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ). No significant asymmetry of lesions in the right or left hands can be demonstrated, whatever the subsets of @entity1 and osteoarticular manifestations studied. After a one year course, there is no significant difference between @entity1 and control subjects. Only the index of @entity85 is significantly high and the clinical course progresses between 1 and 5 years (p = 0.02). The difference becomes significant for UDF (p less than 0.01) after the disease evolves for 5 to 10 yrs. UDF is correlated with @entity75 (p = 0.01) and metacarpophalangeal lesions (MCP). Different @entity75 of the hand are correlated with each other. The close correlation between UDF and @entity79 and MCP involvement has been confirmed by various statistical tests. Comparison of seropositive and seronegative @entity1 with @entity309 only reveals a more marked disturbance of MCP in the seropositive @entity1 . Various methods of assessing @entity85 and joint destruction are discussed. Finally, the etiopathogenic mechanisms causing deformities of the hand in @entity309 were studied, and the authors reviewed the importance of the initial involvement of soft tissues and therapeutic implications whereby prevention of disease extension using prompt local therapy is recommended.

title: [Radiographic study of the XXXX and etiopathogenic mechanisms of deformities. Apropos of 100 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular lesions', 'carpal osteoarticular lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['radial deviation of carpal bones', 'bone deformities', 'RDC']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular deformities', 'carpal deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid hand']


abstract: The morphologic features of 307 @entity2513 among 159 @entity1 are reviewed. Most @entity652 (66.4%) were located in the sigmoid colon and the rectum, and the percentage decreased proximally to the right colon. The 307 @entity652 comprised 244 (79.5%) tubular, 41 (13.3%) tubulovillous, and 22 (7.2%) @entity5493 . The @entity5115 was graded as mild in 260 (84.7%) @entity652 , moderate in 33 (10.7%), and severe in 14 (4.6%). The percentage of severe @entity1141 was greater in @entity5493 than in tubular @entity652 (p less than 0.05) and correlated with the increasing size (greater than 5 mm) of the @entity652 (p less than 0.01). The risk of @entity652 could be evaluated among 56 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a history of removed @entity652 (s). Fourteen of 56 @entity1 (25%) with 6:1 male to female ratio developed 18 new @entity652 , after an average of 34.3 months (range, from 12 to 88 months). Eleven of the 14 @entity1 had multiple @entity652 at the initial examination. In addition, a @entity188 was found in one male @entity1 . Of the 48 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 , operated on for @entity14 16 @entity1 (34%) with 1.3:1 male to female ratio had 40 new @entity652 after an average of 51.8 months (range, 12 to 252 months) after the surgical excision of their @entity189 . One @entity1 had a recurrent @entity189 at the site of the @entity254 22 months after anterior resection of his @entity189 . Our data suggest that a history of @entity14 , multiple @entity652 , and male sex predict a higher risk of having future @entity14 .

title: XXXX : morphologic features and the risk of developing @entity652 and @entity189 in the colorectum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumours', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['Colorectal adenomas']


abstract: The morphologic features of 307 @entity2513 among 159 @entity1 are reviewed. Most @entity652 (66.4%) were located in the sigmoid colon and the rectum, and the percentage decreased proximally to the right colon. The 307 @entity652 comprised 244 (79.5%) tubular, 41 (13.3%) tubulovillous, and 22 (7.2%) @entity5493 . The @entity5115 was graded as mild in 260 (84.7%) @entity652 , moderate in 33 (10.7%), and severe in 14 (4.6%). The percentage of severe @entity1141 was greater in @entity5493 than in tubular @entity652 (p less than 0.05) and correlated with the increasing size (greater than 5 mm) of the @entity652 (p less than 0.01). The risk of @entity652 could be evaluated among 56 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a history of removed @entity652 (s). Fourteen of 56 @entity1 (25%) with 6:1 male to female ratio developed 18 new @entity652 , after an average of 34.3 months (range, from 12 to 88 months). Eleven of the 14 @entity1 had multiple @entity652 at the initial examination. In addition, a @entity188 was found in one male @entity1 . Of the 48 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 , operated on for @entity14 16 @entity1 (34%) with 1.3:1 male to female ratio had 40 new @entity652 after an average of 51.8 months (range, 12 to 252 months) after the surgical excision of their @entity189 . One @entity1 had a recurrent @entity189 at the site of the @entity254 22 months after anterior resection of his @entity189 . Our data suggest that a history of @entity14 , multiple @entity652 , and male sex predict a higher risk of having future @entity14 .

title: @entity2513 : morphologic features and the risk of developing @entity652 and XXXX in the colorectum.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: The morphologic features of 307 @entity2513 among 159 @entity1 are reviewed. Most @entity652 (66.4%) were located in the sigmoid colon and the rectum, and the percentage decreased proximally to the right colon. The 307 @entity652 comprised 244 (79.5%) tubular, 41 (13.3%) tubulovillous, and 22 (7.2%) @entity5493 . The @entity5115 was graded as mild in 260 (84.7%) @entity652 , moderate in 33 (10.7%), and severe in 14 (4.6%). The percentage of severe @entity1141 was greater in @entity5493 than in tubular @entity652 (p less than 0.05) and correlated with the increasing size (greater than 5 mm) of the @entity652 (p less than 0.01). The risk of @entity652 could be evaluated among 56 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a history of removed @entity652 (s). Fourteen of 56 @entity1 (25%) with 6:1 male to female ratio developed 18 new @entity652 , after an average of 34.3 months (range, from 12 to 88 months). Eleven of the 14 @entity1 had multiple @entity652 at the initial examination. In addition, a @entity188 was found in one male @entity1 . Of the 48 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 , operated on for @entity14 16 @entity1 (34%) with 1.3:1 male to female ratio had 40 new @entity652 after an average of 51.8 months (range, 12 to 252 months) after the surgical excision of their @entity189 . One @entity1 had a recurrent @entity189 at the site of the @entity254 22 months after anterior resection of his @entity189 . Our data suggest that a history of @entity14 , multiple @entity652 , and male sex predict a higher risk of having future @entity14 .

title: @entity2513 : morphologic features and the risk of developing XXXX and @entity189 in the colorectum.

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['metachronous adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Quantifying binding specificity and drug resistance of protein kinase inhibitors is of fundamental importance and remains highly challenging due to complex interplay of structural and thermodynamic factors. In this work, molecular simulations and computational @entity3929 scanning are combined with the network-based approaches to characterize molecular determinants underlying binding specificities of the @entity12437 kinase inhibitors. The proposed theoretical framework unveiled a relationship between ligand binding and inhibitor-mediated changes in the residue interaction networks. By using topological parameters, we have described the organization of the residue interaction networks and networks of coevolving residues in the @entity12437 kinase structures. This analysis has shown that functionally critical regulatory residues can simultaneously embody strong coevolutionary signal and high network centrality with a propensity to be energetic hot spots for drug binding. We have found that selective ( @entity10542 ) and promiscuous ( @entity31438 , @entity8947 ) kinase inhibitors can use their energetic hot spots to differentially modulate stability of the residue interaction networks, thus inhibiting or promoting conformational equilibrium between inactive and active states. According to our results, @entity10542 binding may induce a significant network-bridging effect and enhance centrality of the hot spot residues that stabilize structural environment favored by the specific kinase form. In contrast, @entity31438 and @entity8947 can incur modest changes in the residue interaction network in which ligand binding is primarily coupled only with the identity of the gate-keeper residue. These factors may promote structural adaptability of the active kinase states in binding with these promiscuous inhibitors. Our results have related ligand-induced changes in the residue interaction networks with drug resistance effects, showing that network robustness may be compromised by targeted mutations of key mediating residues. This study has outlined mechanisms by which inhibitor binding could modulate resilience and efficiency of allosteric interactions in the kinase structures, while preserving structural topology required for catalytic activity and regulation.

title: Molecular Determinants Underlying Binding Specificities of the @entity12437 Kinase Inhibitors: Combining XXXX Scanning of Binding Hot Spots with Network Analysis of Residue Interactions and Coevolution.

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['Dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity31438 :: ('MESH:C471992', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosutinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['Nilotinib']

answer: @entity3929 :: (D000409,Chemical) :: ['Alanine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Quantifying binding specificity and drug resistance of protein kinase inhibitors is of fundamental importance and remains highly challenging due to complex interplay of structural and thermodynamic factors. In this work, molecular simulations and computational @entity3929 scanning are combined with the network-based approaches to characterize molecular determinants underlying binding specificities of the @entity12437 kinase inhibitors. The proposed theoretical framework unveiled a relationship between ligand binding and inhibitor-mediated changes in the residue interaction networks. By using topological parameters, we have described the organization of the residue interaction networks and networks of coevolving residues in the @entity12437 kinase structures. This analysis has shown that functionally critical regulatory residues can simultaneously embody strong coevolutionary signal and high network centrality with a propensity to be energetic hot spots for drug binding. We have found that selective ( @entity10542 ) and promiscuous ( @entity31438 , @entity8947 ) kinase inhibitors can use their energetic hot spots to differentially modulate stability of the residue interaction networks, thus inhibiting or promoting conformational equilibrium between inactive and active states. According to our results, @entity10542 binding may induce a significant network-bridging effect and enhance centrality of the hot spot residues that stabilize structural environment favored by the specific kinase form. In contrast, @entity31438 and @entity8947 can incur modest changes in the residue interaction network in which ligand binding is primarily coupled only with the identity of the gate-keeper residue. These factors may promote structural adaptability of the active kinase states in binding with these promiscuous inhibitors. Our results have related ligand-induced changes in the residue interaction networks with drug resistance effects, showing that network robustness may be compromised by targeted mutations of key mediating residues. This study has outlined mechanisms by which inhibitor binding could modulate resilience and efficiency of allosteric interactions in the kinase structures, while preserving structural topology required for catalytic activity and regulation.

title: Molecular Determinants Underlying Binding Specificities of the XXXX Kinase Inhibitors: Combining @entity3929 Scanning of Binding Hot Spots with Network Analysis of Residue Interactions and Coevolution.

answer: @entity12437 :: (MESH:D000012,Disease) :: ['ABL']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various methods of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) catheter insertion are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a percutaneous insertion technique using ultrasound (US) and fluoroscopy performed under conscious sedation and as day case procedure. Data of 87 percutaneous inserted dialysis catheters were prospectively collected, including @entity1 ' age, gender, body mass index, history of previous abdominal surgery and cause of end @entity177 . Length of hospital stay, early complications and time to first use were also recorded. Institutional review board approval was obtained. A 100% technical success rate was observed. Early complications included @entity548 (n   =   3), @entity409 (n   =   6), exit site infection (n   =   1) and exit site leakage (n   =   1). All cases of @entity409 and one case of @entity548 required surgical revision. Median time of follow-up was 18 months (range 3-35), and median time from insertion to first use was days 14 (1-47). Of the 82 @entity1 who started dialysis, 20 (23%) ceased @entity298 at some stage during follow-up. Most frequently encountered reasons include deteriorating @entity1 cognitive or functional status (n   =   5), successful transplant kidney (n   =   4) and @entity298 (n   =   4). Sixty-two (71%) @entity298 catheter insertions were performed as day case. The remaining insertions were performed on @entity1 already admitted to the hospital. Percutaneous insertion of dialysis catheter using US and fluoroscopy is not only safe but can be performed as day case procedure in most @entity1 , even with a medical history of abdominal surgery and/or @entity28 .

title: Percutaneous insertion of XXXX catheters using ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance: A single centre experience and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['catheter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'pleuro-peritoneal fistula']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: You-Gui pills (You-Gui-Wan; YGW) can promote T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, and restore @entity630 / @entity61 balance in the treatment of @entity565 , but their mechanism of action is not fully known. This study aims to explore whether YGW can induce histone deacetylation or acetylation in memory T lymphocytes (Tm) for improvement of airway @entity32 in @entity565 . METHODS: CD4(+)CD45RB(low) cells, as Tm, were obtained by magnetic-activated cell sorting and flow cytometry from the spleens of BALB/c @entity19 with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced @entity565 . Tm were cocultured with @entity701 (CORT; 1000 nM), serum containing low (0.225  g/kg), moderate (0.9  g/kg), or high (3.6  g/kg) doses of YGW, or medium only, and then adoptively transferred into na  ve @entity19 (n   =   5 per group). Recipient @entity19 were challenged with aerosolized OVA. The levels of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , and IFN-y in culture supernatants and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the OVA-challenged @entity19 were measured by ELISA. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and @entity45091 ( @entity45091 ) activities and protein expressions of @entity19985 , @entity19986 , and @entity12231 -11 in lung tissue were measured by western blotting analyses. The alveolar eosinophilic @entity32 index (AEII) was evaluated in the lungs of adoptive transfer recipient @entity19 . RESULTS: YGW reduced @entity32 and eosinophil infiltration into the lung tissues as evidenced by histology, with similar effects to those of CORT. High-, moderate-, and low-YGW increased HDAC (P   <   0.0001, P   =   0.0009 and P   =   0.0253 respectively) and decreased @entity45091 (P   =   0.0001, P   =   0.0000 and P   =   0.0039, respectively) activities in dose-dependent manners in the lung tissues of adoptive transfer recipient @entity19 . Increased histone deacetylation of Tm by YGW reduced the AEII by reducing @entity19986 (P   =   0.014), @entity58 (P   =   0.0004), @entity59 (P   =   0.0067), and @entity1312 (P   =   0.0002), and inducing IFN-y release (P   =   0.0375). Moreover, YGW reduced inflammatory cytokines such as @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 by upregulating the activities of @entity71131 (P   =   0.003)/10 (P   =   0.003), @entity68775 (P   <   0.0001), and @entity71132 -11 (P   <   0.0001, P   <   0.0001 and P   <   0.0001, respectively), respectively, and increased IFN-y release by increasing @entity71132 (P   <   0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Histone deacetylation of Tm was observed during alleviation of allergen-induced @entity32 in @entity565 by YGW.

title: Histone deacetylation of memory T lymphocytes by You-Gui-Wan alleviates allergen-induced XXXX in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity45091 :: ('MESH:C536107', 'Disease') :: ['HAT', 'histone acetyltransferase']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: You-Gui pills (You-Gui-Wan; YGW) can promote T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, and restore @entity630 / @entity61 balance in the treatment of @entity565 , but their mechanism of action is not fully known. This study aims to explore whether YGW can induce histone deacetylation or acetylation in memory T lymphocytes (Tm) for improvement of airway @entity32 in @entity565 . METHODS: CD4(+)CD45RB(low) cells, as Tm, were obtained by magnetic-activated cell sorting and flow cytometry from the spleens of BALB/c @entity19 with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced @entity565 . Tm were cocultured with @entity701 (CORT; 1000 nM), serum containing low (0.225  g/kg), moderate (0.9  g/kg), or high (3.6  g/kg) doses of YGW, or medium only, and then adoptively transferred into na  ve @entity19 (n   =   5 per group). Recipient @entity19 were challenged with aerosolized OVA. The levels of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , and IFN-y in culture supernatants and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the OVA-challenged @entity19 were measured by ELISA. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and @entity45091 ( @entity45091 ) activities and protein expressions of @entity19985 , @entity19986 , and @entity12231 -11 in lung tissue were measured by western blotting analyses. The alveolar eosinophilic @entity32 index (AEII) was evaluated in the lungs of adoptive transfer recipient @entity19 . RESULTS: YGW reduced @entity32 and eosinophil infiltration into the lung tissues as evidenced by histology, with similar effects to those of CORT. High-, moderate-, and low-YGW increased HDAC (P   <   0.0001, P   =   0.0009 and P   =   0.0253 respectively) and decreased @entity45091 (P   =   0.0001, P   =   0.0000 and P   =   0.0039, respectively) activities in dose-dependent manners in the lung tissues of adoptive transfer recipient @entity19 . Increased histone deacetylation of Tm by YGW reduced the AEII by reducing @entity19986 (P   =   0.014), @entity58 (P   =   0.0004), @entity59 (P   =   0.0067), and @entity1312 (P   =   0.0002), and inducing IFN-y release (P   =   0.0375). Moreover, YGW reduced inflammatory cytokines such as @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 by upregulating the activities of @entity71131 (P   =   0.003)/10 (P   =   0.003), @entity68775 (P   <   0.0001), and @entity71132 -11 (P   <   0.0001, P   <   0.0001 and P   <   0.0001, respectively), respectively, and increased IFN-y release by increasing @entity71132 (P   <   0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Histone deacetylation of Tm was observed during alleviation of allergen-induced @entity32 in @entity565 by YGW.

title: Histone deacetylation of memory T lymphocytes by You-Gui-Wan alleviates allergen-induced @entity32 in XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']