abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic liver resection can either be total laparoscopic or hand-assisted laparoscopic approach. The recent introduction of robotic surgical systems has revolutionized the field of minimally invasive surgery. It was developed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional laparoscopic surgery. The role of robotic system in laparoscopic surgery was not well evaluated yet. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the outcome of multimodality approach of laparoscopic liver resection for @entity99 METHODS: From January 1998 to August 2010, all @entity1 with @entity99 underwent laparoscopic liver resection were included. A prospectively collected data was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 56 @entity1 with @entity99 ( @entity157 , @entity157 , n = 42; colorectal liver metastases, CLM, n = 14) underwent laparoscopic liver resection in our surgical unit. The majority of cases were performed by hand-assisted laparoscopic approach, n = 31 (55.3%) and the remainder were with total laparoscopic approach, n = 10 (17.9%) and robot-assisted laparoscopic approach, n = 15 (26.8%). The median operation time was 150 min (range, 75-307 min). The median @entity190 during surgery was 175 ml (range, 5-2000 ml). Two @entity1 (3.6%) needed open conversion and one @entity1 (1.8%) needed to be converted to hand-assisted laparoscopic approach. The morbidity rate was 14.3%. There was no procedure-related death. 89.3% of @entity1 had R0 resection and 10.7% of @entity1 had R1 resection. The median hospital stay was 6.5 days (range, 2-13 days). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year disease-free survival rates for @entity157 were 85%, 47%, and 38%, respectively. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates for @entity157 were 96%, 67%, and 52%, respectively. The 1-year, and 3-year disease-free survival rates for CLM were 92% and 72%. The 1-year, and 3-year overall survival rates for CLM were 100% and 88%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodality approach of laparoscopic liver resection of @entity99 was feasible, and safe in selected @entity1 . It was associated with a low complications rate. The mid-term and long-term survival outcome was favorable also.

title: Multimodality laparoscopic liver resection for XXXX --from conventional total laparoscopic approach to robot-assisted laparoscopic approach.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancy', 'hepatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need to develop novel therapies for relapsed/refractory @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) and to identify biomarkers predictive for therapeutic response. @entity6985 was previously shown to induce an overall response rate (ORR) of 28% in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity1892 . It is currently unknown if response rates differ between @entity1 with different @entity1892 subtypes. METHODS: The authors retrospectively evaluated clinical outcomes of @entity1 with germinal center B-cell-like versus nongerminal center B-cell-like @entity1892 treated with salvage @entity6985 at 4 academic institutions. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity1892 were included (24 @entity1 ; 16 @entity1 ; median age, 66 years; median of 4 prior treatments, including rituximab chemotherapy). @entity1 were classified as germinal center B-cell-like (n = 23) or nongerminal center B-cell-like (n = 17) @entity1892 according to the Hans algorithm. The subgroups were similar in terms of stage, international prognostic index score, prior number of treatments, and rituximab resistance. A significant difference in clinical response to @entity6985 was observed in nongerminal center B-cell-like versus germinal center B-cell-like @entity1 . ORR was 52.9% versus 8.7% (P = .006); complete response rate was 23.5% versus 4.3%. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 versus 1.7 months (P = .004), although no difference in OS was observed between nongerminal center B-cell-like and germinal center B-cell-like @entity1892 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the 2 major subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1892 (germinal center B cell and nongerminal center B cell) have different antitumor responsiveness to @entity6985 in the relapsed/refractory setting. A large international trial (NCT01197560) has been opened to enrollment in an attempt to prospectively validate these retrospective observations.

title: Higher response to @entity6985 in relapsed/refractory XXXX in nongerminal center B-cell-like than in germinal center B-cell-like phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need to develop novel therapies for relapsed/refractory @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) and to identify biomarkers predictive for therapeutic response. @entity6985 was previously shown to induce an overall response rate (ORR) of 28% in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity1892 . It is currently unknown if response rates differ between @entity1 with different @entity1892 subtypes. METHODS: The authors retrospectively evaluated clinical outcomes of @entity1 with germinal center B-cell-like versus nongerminal center B-cell-like @entity1892 treated with salvage @entity6985 at 4 academic institutions. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity1892 were included (24 @entity1 ; 16 @entity1 ; median age, 66 years; median of 4 prior treatments, including rituximab chemotherapy). @entity1 were classified as germinal center B-cell-like (n = 23) or nongerminal center B-cell-like (n = 17) @entity1892 according to the Hans algorithm. The subgroups were similar in terms of stage, international prognostic index score, prior number of treatments, and rituximab resistance. A significant difference in clinical response to @entity6985 was observed in nongerminal center B-cell-like versus germinal center B-cell-like @entity1 . ORR was 52.9% versus 8.7% (P = .006); complete response rate was 23.5% versus 4.3%. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 versus 1.7 months (P = .004), although no difference in OS was observed between nongerminal center B-cell-like and germinal center B-cell-like @entity1892 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the 2 major subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1892 (germinal center B cell and nongerminal center B cell) have different antitumor responsiveness to @entity6985 in the relapsed/refractory setting. A large international trial (NCT01197560) has been opened to enrollment in an attempt to prospectively validate these retrospective observations.

title: Higher response to XXXX in relapsed/refractory @entity1892 in nongerminal center B-cell-like than in germinal center B-cell-like phenotype.

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['lenalidomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Metastasis of @entity5 is a complex process that involves multiple alterations. Recent evidence indicates that small non-protein coding RNA molecules (miRNAs) might be involved in @entity5 -related processes in @entity1 . This study was to systematically investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs during metastasis in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) using microarray technology. METHODS: The differentially expressed miRNAs between HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L, two @entity157 cell lines with differently metastatic potentials were displayed using microarray technology. The expression of @entity26607 was verified by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the lentivirus-delivered system for expressing @entity26607 in HCCLM3 cells was employed to investigate whether @entity26607 was involved in invasive phenotype of @entity157 cell. RESULTS: Our study built a metastasis-related miRNAs expression profiling, which includes 327 miRNAs expressed differentially between HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L cell lines. Furthermore, expression of @entity26607 by lentivirus-delivered system in HCCLM3 cell was established successfully. Our results showed that @entity26607 induces a G1 arrest and decreased proliferation for HCCLM3 cell (P < 0.05). In addition, @entity26607 inhibits migration and invasion of HCCLM3 cell in vitro (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study described a metastasis-related miRNAs expression profiling and revealed @entity26607 regulating metastatic function in @entity157 cell.

title: Analysis of microRNA expression profiling identifies microRNA-503 regulates metastatic function in hepatocellular XXXX cell.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined the relations between @entity714 ( @entity714 ) and clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes among a broad spectrum of @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Admission electrocardiograms of @entity1 enrolled in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) electrocardiogram substudy and the Canadian @entity1187 Registry I were analyzed independently at a blinded core laboratory. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the independent prognostic significance of admission @entity714 on in-hospital and 6-month mortality. Of 11,830 eligible @entity1 with @entity1187 (mean age 65; 66% non-ST-elevation @entity1187 ), 5% had @entity714 . @entity714 on admission was associated with older age, male sex, more cardiovascular risk factors, worse Killip class, and higher GRACE risk score (all p <0.01). @entity1 with @entity714 less frequently received in-hospital cardiac catheterization, coronary revascularization, or reperfusion therapy (all p <0.05). The @entity714 group had higher unadjusted in-hospital (8.8% vs 3.8%, p  <0.001) and 6-month mortality rates (15.1% vs 7.6%, p <0.001). After adjusting for established prognostic factors in the GRACE risk score, @entity714 was a significant independent predictor of in-hospital death (odds ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.07, p  = 0.039), but not cumulative 6-month mortality (odds ratio 1.29, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.74, p  = 0.098). There was no significant interaction between @entity714 and the type of @entity1187 for either in-hospital or 6-month mortality (both p >0.50). In conclusion, across a spectrum of @entity1187 , @entity714 was associated with preexisting @entity65 , high-risk clinical features, fewer @entity299 , and worse unadjusted outcomes. After adjusting for components of the GRACE risk score, @entity714 was a significant independent predictor of early mortality.

title: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in XXXX With Right Bundle Branch Block on Presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac interventions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Alterations of serum metabolites may allow us to identify individuals with @entity2 and advance our understanding of the nature and treatment of their @entity5 . We aimed to identify serum metabolites that differentiate @entity1 with @entity2 from at-risk controls. METHODS: Serum samples from @entity1 with biopsy-confirmed untreated stage I through @entity5 and at-risk controls were divided into fractions for analysis by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified by comparison with library entries of purified standards. Differences in concentrations of single metabolites and metabolite ratios were identified. Prediction models were developed. RESULTS: Serum samples from 284 subjects was analyzed. The subjects' mean age was 67 and 48% were female. Ninety-four @entity1 had @entity2 (50 had @entity420 and 44 had @entity957 ), 44% had stage I disease, 17% had @entity34 , and 39% had @entity5 . The @entity1 with @entity5 were slightly older than the controls (68.7 versus 66.2 years, p  = 0.013). A total of 534 metabolites were identified in eight metabolite superpathways and 73 subpathways. The concentrations of 149 metabolites differed significantly (q values <0.05) between the @entity5 and control groups (70 were lower in the @entity5 group and 79 were higher), and 9723 metabolite ratios differed significantly (q values <0.001) between the @entity5 and control groups. The accuracies of the models ( @entity5 and @entity5 subtypes versus control) trained on 70% of the subjects and tested on 30% (expressed as C-statistics) ranged from 0.748 to 0.858. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the serum metabolite profile exist between @entity1 with stage I through @entity5 and matched controls.

title: Metabolite Profiles of the Serum of XXXX with Non-Small Cell Carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer', 'stage III disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity453 and spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) underwent intracardiac electrophysiologic evaluation and, when possible, ambulatory monitoring before and after therapy with @entity6237 (mean dose 418 +/- 87 mg [mean +/- standard deviation]). An average of 4 antiarrhythmic agents were used and were unsuccessful before therapy with @entity6237 was begun. During 64 +/- 16 hours of control Holter monitoring in 16 @entity1 , all had 1 or more salvos of @entity1165 , as well as ventricular premature complexes (VPCs). Programmed stimulation during the control period induced @entity1165 in 17 of 22 @entity1 . After @entity6237 therapy, Holter monitoring showed elimination of all forms of @entity1165 in all but 1 @entity1 , as well as significant reduction of paired VPCs by 95% (p less than 0.03) and single VPCs by 70% (p less than 0.005). Electrophysiologic study during @entity6237 therapy showed significant increases in AH, HV, PR, QRS and QTc intervals, and the ventricular effective refractory period. Programmed stimulation in 17 @entity1 taking @entity6237 , with a mean plasma level of 1,075 +/- 521 ng/ml, showed ablation of inducible @entity1165 in only 2 @entity1 , a worsening in 5 and continued @entity1165 inducibility in 10. Adverse effects that required drug withdrawal were infrequent and encountered in @entity1 who received higher drug levels: 1 @entity1 with @entity712 and 1 with severe sinus @entity1168 . Thus, although @entity6237 suppresses complex ventricular @entity943 on Holter recordings, it rarely alters the response to programmed stimulation. Caution is recommended in its use for recurrent sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 and in the interpretation of electrophysiologic studies until the predictive value of programmed stimulation with @entity6237 therapy is established.

title: @entity6237 : electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic properties in refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity453 and spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) underwent intracardiac electrophysiologic evaluation and, when possible, ambulatory monitoring before and after therapy with @entity6237 (mean dose 418 +/- 87 mg [mean +/- standard deviation]). An average of 4 antiarrhythmic agents were used and were unsuccessful before therapy with @entity6237 was begun. During 64 +/- 16 hours of control Holter monitoring in 16 @entity1 , all had 1 or more salvos of @entity1165 , as well as ventricular premature complexes (VPCs). Programmed stimulation during the control period induced @entity1165 in 17 of 22 @entity1 . After @entity6237 therapy, Holter monitoring showed elimination of all forms of @entity1165 in all but 1 @entity1 , as well as significant reduction of paired VPCs by 95% (p less than 0.03) and single VPCs by 70% (p less than 0.005). Electrophysiologic study during @entity6237 therapy showed significant increases in AH, HV, PR, QRS and QTc intervals, and the ventricular effective refractory period. Programmed stimulation in 17 @entity1 taking @entity6237 , with a mean plasma level of 1,075 +/- 521 ng/ml, showed ablation of inducible @entity1165 in only 2 @entity1 , a worsening in 5 and continued @entity1165 inducibility in 10. Adverse effects that required drug withdrawal were infrequent and encountered in @entity1 who received higher drug levels: 1 @entity1 with @entity712 and 1 with severe sinus @entity1168 . Thus, although @entity6237 suppresses complex ventricular @entity943 on Holter recordings, it rarely alters the response to programmed stimulation. Caution is recommended in its use for recurrent sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 and in the interpretation of electrophysiologic studies until the predictive value of programmed stimulation with @entity6237 therapy is established.

title: XXXX : electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic properties in refractory @entity1165 .

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['Flecainide']


abstract: We present a retrospective study aimed to identify the correlation between de Vries clinical score and the detection of @entity2008 in @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) @entity1 . We have used the score to identify @entity1 who should be tested by karyotyping and subsequently MLPA (multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification) for subtelomeric rearrangements. Our group is formed of 36 @entity1 with variable @entity1032 associated with other anomalies. 18 @entity1 had chromosomal defects, whereas 18 had normal karyotypes. In the first group, total scores varied between 3 and 7. @entity2008 identified were: numerical (4) and structural (14). Chromosomes involved were: 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 17, X. Deletions were the most common and correlate with a greater score (> or = 4). Common clinical features were: short stature, microcephaly, nasal, ear and hand anomalies. In the second group the most frequent clinical feature was hand @entity154 (61.2%) and cases with a high score have to be further tested (e.g. using MLPA) in order to identify minor defects. In our opinion a high score indicates the karyotype and then a MLPA testing. In conclusion, we present a retrospective study that proves the use of de Vries diagnostic score in the identification of @entity2008 in @entity1032 @entity1 .

title: [Idiopathic XXXX --importance of clinical diagnostic scores for case selection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'Chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded', 'MR']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: The correct management of genitals and @entity0 and the improving of the preventional and therapeutical successes ratio involve the knowledge of the histopathological features of these nosological entities which have different origins, different risk factors, different simptomatology and also different prognosis. AIM: The descriptive evaluation of the histopathological features of the genitals and @entity0 to @entity1 from North-Eastern region of Romania. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We have been included in the study 96 @entity1 (age range 23-77 years, mean 54,49) diagnosed with @entity0 , @entity43 , @entity5 at the hospital admission, residency in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics within 23 months. The following main parameters were assessed: histological types, stage at diagnosis, Pap test. After data collection, these have been codified and included in a @entity15 Excel Database, in order to be processed with SPSS 16 and EpiInfo 3.5.1. (2008) Softwares. RESULTS: The following cases' repartition on diagnostic types was observed: @entity0 (44 cases), @entity5 (24 cases), @entity1204 (16 cases) and @entity43 (12 cases). In our study, the most affected range of age was 40-69 years for @entity0 , 30-59 years for @entity5 , over 6 years for @entity1204 and 50-59 years for @entity43 . For the cervical @entity5 , 40% of analyzed cases were in incipient stages (in situ to IB stage lessions). More than 50% of @entity0 cases have been diagnosed in advances stages (IIB to IIIC stages). For the @entity1204 , 45% of cases have been identified in incipient stages (in situ to IC). The @entity43 cases have been detected, most frequently, in advanced stages (III and IV). 25% of @entity1 which participated in our study had showed cervical changes. CONCLUSION: From a histopathological point of view, for cervical @entity5 , @entity957 was the most frequent type (87%), for @entity9962 (80%) and for ovary and endometrium @entity5 (69%, respectively 83%).

title: [Histopathological characteristics of genital and XXXX included in epidemiologic study cohort].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasia', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrium carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['breast neoplasia--invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors--adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancer and cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Metabolism of @entity1160 results in the net production of @entity855 ; however, cells cannot sustain an @entity855 production rate greater than their rate of @entity855 utilization. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the rate of @entity855 turnover in the kidney could set an upper limit on renal @entity1160 metabolism and thereby renal ammoniagenesis. The acidotic @entity235 kidneys extracted @entity1160 , @entity880 , @entity1792 , and @entity26 from the arterial blood and added @entity3104 and @entity493 to the venous blood. Renal @entity1160 metabolism was responsible for almost all the @entity3104 production. Renal @entity855 production was estimated from the rate of @entity26 consumption and appeared to be derived roughly equally from the oxidation of @entity1160 and @entity880 . There was no apparent renal @entity413 production from @entity855 balance calculations and this impression was supported when the inhibitor of gluconeogenesis, @entity34085 , did not inhibit ammoniagenesis. Approximately 90% of the @entity855 synthesized was utilized to reabsorb @entity1372 . When the amount of @entity855 utilized for @entity1372 reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (assumed to be 60% of filtered @entity1372 ) was compared with the amount of @entity855 produced from @entity1160 metabolism, the values were similar despite the fact that the glomerular filtration rate in individual @entity235 varied more than fourfold. When the quantity of @entity855 expended for @entity1372 reabsorption was decreased by the infusion of ouabain or by the constriction of one renal artery without reducing @entity1160 delivery, the kidney lowered its rate of ammoniagenesis to a quantitatively predictable amount.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regulation of the maximum rate of renal ammoniagenesis in the acidotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity34085 :: ('MESH:C008363', 'Chemical') :: ['3-mercaptopicolinate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bleeding control is a major concern during dental surgery. A novel photocoagulation method using an irradiating blue-violet light emitting diode (LED) was investigated. BACKGROUND: Some dental light-curving units can emit blue-violet wavelengths around 380-515   nm with two peaks (410   nm and 470   nm). These wavelengths can cover the maximum absorption spectra of hemoglobin (430   nm). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blue-violet LED 380-515   nm, 750   mW/cm(2), 10   sec (7.5   J/cm(2)) was used. Irradiation was performed for 10   sec or an additional 10   sec for 10 cases of tooth extraction at a distance of 1   cm from the socket. Bleeding was stopped by conventional roll pressure in another five cases as a control. Bleeding time for both procedures was measured. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. In vitro @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) studies were performed to clarify the mechanism of hemostasis by blue-violet LED irradiation. RESULTS: Irradiation with the blue-violet LED yielded immediate hemostasis of the socket. Five cases showed coagulation within the first 10   sec, and another five cases required an additional 10   sec to fully control the @entity548 . In contrast, the conventional method required 2-5   min (median 180   sec) to obtain hemostasis. The difference between the time required to stop the @entity548 in the two methods was found to be statistically significant (p   =   0.0014). A week later, the LED-irradiated sockets were healed uneventfully with epithelial covering. @entity1579 showed the formation of a thin amorphous layer and an adjacent agglutination of platelets and other cellular elements under the layer at the interface of the irradiated blood. CONCLUSION: Blue-violet LED irradiation of @entity548 sockets caused immediate clot formation and hemostasis. This procedure was safe and reliable and showed no adverse effects.

title: Blue-violet light emitting diode (LED) irradiation immediately controls socket XXXX following tooth extraction: clinical and electron microscopic observations.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'transmission electron microscope']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanisms underlying the reduced work capacity of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) @entity1 were compared to healthy controls at specified workloads, using @entity15340 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS: The forearm flexor muscle group was examined with MRS at rest, at sub maximal and at maximal controlled dynamic work as well as at maximal isometric contraction. Aerobic fitness was determined by bicycle ergonometry. RESULTS: Metabolite concentrations and muscle pH were similar for @entity1 and controls at lower workloads. At maximal dynamic and static contractions the concentration of inorganic @entity1391 was lower and at static contractions the pH decrease was smaller in @entity1 . The performed work by @entity1 was only 50% compared to controls and the @entity1 experienced more @entity158 . Maximal @entity26 uptake was lower in the @entity239 group. Expired gas-analysis in this group showed ventilatory equivalents at similar relative levels of maximal work capacity. CONCLUSION: @entity239 @entity1 seem to utilise less of the energy rich phosphorous metabolites at maximal work despite pH reduction. They seemed to be less aerobic fitted and reached the anaerobic threshold earlier than the controls.

title: Muscle metabolism in XXXX studied by @entity15340 magnetic resonance spectroscopy during aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanisms underlying the reduced work capacity of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) @entity1 were compared to healthy controls at specified workloads, using @entity15340 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS: The forearm flexor muscle group was examined with MRS at rest, at sub maximal and at maximal controlled dynamic work as well as at maximal isometric contraction. Aerobic fitness was determined by bicycle ergonometry. RESULTS: Metabolite concentrations and muscle pH were similar for @entity1 and controls at lower workloads. At maximal dynamic and static contractions the concentration of inorganic @entity1391 was lower and at static contractions the pH decrease was smaller in @entity1 . The performed work by @entity1 was only 50% compared to controls and the @entity1 experienced more @entity158 . Maximal @entity26 uptake was lower in the @entity239 group. Expired gas-analysis in this group showed ventilatory equivalents at similar relative levels of maximal work capacity. CONCLUSION: @entity239 @entity1 seem to utilise less of the energy rich phosphorous metabolites at maximal work despite pH reduction. They seemed to be less aerobic fitted and reached the anaerobic threshold earlier than the controls.

title: Muscle metabolism in @entity239 studied by XXXX magnetic resonance spectroscopy during aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

answer: @entity15340 :: (529,Gene) :: ['P-31']


abstract: The efficacy of a paste formulation of the H+, @entity3529 , -ATPase inhibitor @entity4546 was evaluated in standardbred racehorses for the treatment and prevention of @entity2275 . Twenty standardbred racehorses in training, aged 2 to 9 years, were enrolled from 2 training centres in this field trial. Endoscopic examinations confirmed the presence of @entity2275 in all @entity1641 , prior to allocation and treatment and on day 0. Lesions were scored on a scale of 0 to 3 (intact epithelium to extensive @entity1066 ). Replicates were formed, based on training level and location. Within replicates, 1 @entity1641 was assigned to group 1 and 3 @entity1641 were assigned to group 2, randomly. @entity1641 in group 1 were sham-dosed controls. @entity1641 in group 2 were given @entity4546 paste orally at 4 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)/day from day 0 to day 27 and 2 mg/kg BW/day of @entity4546 paste orally from day 28 to day 57. Follow-up endoscopies were conducted on post treatment days 28 and 58 or 59. Physical examinations, including BWs, were conducted on all @entity1641 prior to treatment and on days 13 or 14, 28, 42 or 43, and 58 or 59. @entity1641 treated with @entity4546 had significantly (P < 0.01) more improvement in @entity1819 scores than did controls at day 28 and at study termination on days 58 or 59. All of the @entity4546 -treated @entity1641 were improved relative to baseline @entity1066 score at both examinations, and 73.3% were healed (lesion score of 0) at both examinations. None of the controls improved at any point during the study. When the dose was reduced to 2 mg/kg BW, 80% of the @entity1641 showed no recurrences or worsening in @entity2275 . It was concluded that @entity4546 paste at 4 mg/kg BW orally, once daily is highly effective in healing @entity2275 in standardbred racehorses in training and that a dose of 2 mg/kg BW orally, once daily, effectively prevents the recurrence of @entity2275 in most @entity1641 .

title: Efficacy of a paste formulation of @entity4546 for the treatment of naturally occurring XXXX in training standardbred racehorses in Canada.

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesion']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcers']


abstract: The efficacy of a paste formulation of the H+, @entity3529 , -ATPase inhibitor @entity4546 was evaluated in standardbred racehorses for the treatment and prevention of @entity2275 . Twenty standardbred racehorses in training, aged 2 to 9 years, were enrolled from 2 training centres in this field trial. Endoscopic examinations confirmed the presence of @entity2275 in all @entity1641 , prior to allocation and treatment and on day 0. Lesions were scored on a scale of 0 to 3 (intact epithelium to extensive @entity1066 ). Replicates were formed, based on training level and location. Within replicates, 1 @entity1641 was assigned to group 1 and 3 @entity1641 were assigned to group 2, randomly. @entity1641 in group 1 were sham-dosed controls. @entity1641 in group 2 were given @entity4546 paste orally at 4 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)/day from day 0 to day 27 and 2 mg/kg BW/day of @entity4546 paste orally from day 28 to day 57. Follow-up endoscopies were conducted on post treatment days 28 and 58 or 59. Physical examinations, including BWs, were conducted on all @entity1641 prior to treatment and on days 13 or 14, 28, 42 or 43, and 58 or 59. @entity1641 treated with @entity4546 had significantly (P < 0.01) more improvement in @entity1819 scores than did controls at day 28 and at study termination on days 58 or 59. All of the @entity4546 -treated @entity1641 were improved relative to baseline @entity1066 score at both examinations, and 73.3% were healed (lesion score of 0) at both examinations. None of the controls improved at any point during the study. When the dose was reduced to 2 mg/kg BW, 80% of the @entity1641 showed no recurrences or worsening in @entity2275 . It was concluded that @entity4546 paste at 4 mg/kg BW orally, once daily is highly effective in healing @entity2275 in standardbred racehorses in training and that a dose of 2 mg/kg BW orally, once daily, effectively prevents the recurrence of @entity2275 in most @entity1641 .

title: Efficacy of a paste formulation of XXXX for the treatment of naturally occurring @entity2275 in training standardbred racehorses in Canada.

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence and prevalence of @entity1791 are increasing but clinicians also have the impression that gender and age distributions of stone formers are changing. Moreover, regional differences in stone occurrence and composition have been observed. We analyzed such trends based on a large series of urinary stone analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 224,085 urinary stone analyses from 22 German centers were evaluated to determine the incidence of stone composition and identify age and gender distributions from 1977 to 2006. A subset of 58,682 stone analyses from 1993 to 2006 was available to identify regional differences in stone composition in Germany. RESULTS: @entity460 containing calculi were most common in each gender. The overall male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1 increased from 1977 (1.86:1) to 2006 (2.7:1). The predominance of male @entity460 stone formers was even higher among elderly @entity1 with a 3.13:1 ratio at ages 60 to 69. Since 1997, we observed a tendency toward an increasing incidence in middle-aged @entity1 at ages 40 to 49 years. While the rate of infection stones constantly decreased, the incidence of uric acid calculi remained stable with an overall rate of 11.7% in males and 7.0% in females with a peak at higher ages. @entity1434 stones remained rare at 0.4% in males and 0.7% in females. In terms of regional analyses we noted great variation in stone composition in the 2 genders. Uric acid stones were more common in the eastern and southern regions but infection stones were mostly seen in eastern regions. CONCLUSIONS: In what is to our knowledge the largest series of stone analysis reported to date we identified an age and gender relationship of stone formation and composition. Regional variations are common and underline the influence of living habits, diet and standard of medical care on urinary stone formation.

title: XXXX through the ages: data on more than 200,000 urinary stone analyses.

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['Urolithiasis']


abstract: Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) have previously been shown to affect conformation of chromatin and cell proliferation. Possible genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of ELF-MF have also been discussed and tested. In this study, we analysed the effect of ELF-MF on chromatin conformation in @entity526 GE499 cells by the anomalous viscosity time-dependence (AVTD) technique. Possible genotoxic effects of the specific combination of static and ELF-MF, which has been proven to affect chromatin conformation, were investigated by a clonogenic assay, by assessing cell-growth kinetics, and by analysis of the SOS-response by means of inducible recA-lacZ fusion-gene products and the b-galactosidase assay. The genotoxic agent @entity802 ( @entity3696 ) was used as a positive control and in combination with ELF-MF. @entity802 at 3-30 g/ml decreased the AVTD peaks and induced a cytotoxic effect. In contrast to @entity3696 , ELF-MF fields increased AVTD, stimulated cell growth, and increased cloning efficiency. These effects depended on the frequency within the range of 7-11Hz. While @entity3696 induced an SOS-response, exposure to ELF-MF did not induce the recA-lacZ fusion-gene product. Exposure to ELF-MF did not modify the genotoxic effects of @entity3696 either. All together, the data show that ELF-MF, under specific conditions of exposure, acted as a non-toxic but cell-growth stimulating agent.

title: Toxicity and SOS-response to ELF magnetic fields and XXXX in @entity526 cells.

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['Nalidixic acid', 'nalidixic acid']

answer: @entity802 :: (MESH:D009268,Chemical) :: ['nalidixic acid']


abstract: Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) have previously been shown to affect conformation of chromatin and cell proliferation. Possible genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of ELF-MF have also been discussed and tested. In this study, we analysed the effect of ELF-MF on chromatin conformation in @entity526 GE499 cells by the anomalous viscosity time-dependence (AVTD) technique. Possible genotoxic effects of the specific combination of static and ELF-MF, which has been proven to affect chromatin conformation, were investigated by a clonogenic assay, by assessing cell-growth kinetics, and by analysis of the SOS-response by means of inducible recA-lacZ fusion-gene products and the b-galactosidase assay. The genotoxic agent @entity802 ( @entity3696 ) was used as a positive control and in combination with ELF-MF. @entity802 at 3-30 g/ml decreased the AVTD peaks and induced a cytotoxic effect. In contrast to @entity3696 , ELF-MF fields increased AVTD, stimulated cell growth, and increased cloning efficiency. These effects depended on the frequency within the range of 7-11Hz. While @entity3696 induced an SOS-response, exposure to ELF-MF did not induce the recA-lacZ fusion-gene product. Exposure to ELF-MF did not modify the genotoxic effects of @entity3696 either. All together, the data show that ELF-MF, under specific conditions of exposure, acted as a non-toxic but cell-growth stimulating agent.

title: Toxicity and SOS-response to ELF magnetic fields and @entity802 in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term results of mitral valve repair for @entity339 . METHODS: Between 1991 and 2000, 301 @entity1 with @entity339 underwent mitral valve repair. There were 167 @entity1 and 134 @entity1 whose mean age was 56 +/- 14 years. The @entity1 were comprised of 7 @entity1 in Carpentier's type I, 277 @entity1 in type II, and 17 @entity1 in type III. Chordal replacement with expanded @entity736 sutures had been prospectively applied to repair the anterior mitral leaflet prolapse. Ring annuloplasty was performed in 230 @entity1 (76%). The follow-up was complete and mean follow-up was 67 +/- 33 months, for a cumulative follow-up of 1,624 @entity1 -years. RESULTS: There were 5 hospital deaths and 11 late deaths (2 cardiac and 9 noncardiac). All survivors except those with @entity64 were in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I or II. At 10 years, the actuarial survival was 90 +/- 3%, the freedom from @entity887 was 86 +/- 4%, the freedom from reoperation was 96 +/- 2%, and the freedom from valve-related events was 77 +/- 4%. At 10 years, the freedom from reoperation in the @entity1 with anterior leaflet prolapse was 90 +/- 5%. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair is feasible in most @entity1 with @entity339 and is associated with low mortality and low rates of valve related events. Chordal replacement with expanded @entity736 sutures is effective, safe, and durable at long-term follow-up for @entity1 with anterior leaflet prolapse.

title: Late results of mitral valve repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severe @entity8521 including an interrupted aortic arch in @entity4297 remains a challenge in surgical management. METHODS: Treatment and outcomes in 75 consecutive @entity1 who underwent an aortic arch repair as the first step of the staged repair protocol between 1975 and 2000 were reviewed. Their ages at repair ranged from 1 day to 8.5 months. RESULTS: Cross-sectional postoperative follow-up data were available in all the @entity1 . The follow-up period ranged from 0 to 27.6 years (mean: 7.3 +/- 7.3 years). There were 20 postoperative hospital deaths (27%) and 7 late deaths. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival was 81.3% +/- 4.5% at 1 month, 68.0% +/- 5.4% at 1 year, 65.0% +/- 5.5% at 5 years, 63.1% +/- 5.7% at 10 years, 63.1% +/- 5.7% at 20 years. By Cox regression analysis, body weight of 2.5 kg or less is the only independent determinant of postoperative mortality (p = 0.04, multivariable odds ratio: 2.50, [95% confidence interval: 1.02-6.1]). The aortic arch morphology, the primary @entity299 , or date of operation did not reach a statistically significant level to show correlation with mortality. Reintervention to reconstruct the aortic arch was performed at 9 occasions in 8 of the 55 @entity1 who survived the primary operation (14.5%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the reintervention-free rate was 91.3% +/- 4.2% at 5 years, 85.5% +/- 5.6% at 10 years, 75.6% +/- 8.2% at 20 years. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, interrupted aortic arch (versus @entity1498 ) was the only independent predictor of a shorter time to reintervention (p = 0.001, multivariable odds ratio: 16.1, [95% confidence interval: 3.2-80.2]). CONCLUSIONS: The staged repair protocol was associated with significant limitations in @entity1 survival and with the development of recurrent @entity8521 . Thus, a primary repair protocol may serve as an alternate approach, especially in @entity1 with low weight or with an interrupted aortic arch.

title: The limitation of staged repair in the surgical management of @entity4297 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8521 :: ('MESH:D001015', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital complex heart anomalies']

answer: @entity8521 :: (MESH:D001015,Disease) :: ['aortic arch obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severe @entity8521 including an interrupted aortic arch in @entity4297 remains a challenge in surgical management. METHODS: Treatment and outcomes in 75 consecutive @entity1 who underwent an aortic arch repair as the first step of the staged repair protocol between 1975 and 2000 were reviewed. Their ages at repair ranged from 1 day to 8.5 months. RESULTS: Cross-sectional postoperative follow-up data were available in all the @entity1 . The follow-up period ranged from 0 to 27.6 years (mean: 7.3 +/- 7.3 years). There were 20 postoperative hospital deaths (27%) and 7 late deaths. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival was 81.3% +/- 4.5% at 1 month, 68.0% +/- 5.4% at 1 year, 65.0% +/- 5.5% at 5 years, 63.1% +/- 5.7% at 10 years, 63.1% +/- 5.7% at 20 years. By Cox regression analysis, body weight of 2.5 kg or less is the only independent determinant of postoperative mortality (p = 0.04, multivariable odds ratio: 2.50, [95% confidence interval: 1.02-6.1]). The aortic arch morphology, the primary @entity299 , or date of operation did not reach a statistically significant level to show correlation with mortality. Reintervention to reconstruct the aortic arch was performed at 9 occasions in 8 of the 55 @entity1 who survived the primary operation (14.5%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the reintervention-free rate was 91.3% +/- 4.2% at 5 years, 85.5% +/- 5.6% at 10 years, 75.6% +/- 8.2% at 20 years. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, interrupted aortic arch (versus @entity1498 ) was the only independent predictor of a shorter time to reintervention (p = 0.001, multivariable odds ratio: 16.1, [95% confidence interval: 3.2-80.2]). CONCLUSIONS: The staged repair protocol was associated with significant limitations in @entity1 survival and with the development of recurrent @entity8521 . Thus, a primary repair protocol may serve as an alternate approach, especially in @entity1 with low weight or with an interrupted aortic arch.

title: The limitation of staged repair in the surgical management of XXXX with @entity8521 .

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital complex heart anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The roles of perioperative @entity4854 and @entity6 in the risk stratification of @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery are unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of perioperative @entity4854 on postoperative mortality. METHOD: A prospective, observational study of 5050 @entity1 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass graft surgery at 70 international centers was conducted, with 7500 measured variables per @entity1 and outcomes adjudicated centrally. Postoperative blood @entity413 levels measured from the day of surgery to postoperative day 3 were available for 4799 @entity1 . Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of @entity4854 with hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 164 @entity1 died during hospitalization (3.2%). Mortality was significantly higher in the @entity6 population compared with the nondiabetic population (4.2% vs 2.9%; P  =  .02). In nondiabetic @entity1 , maximum postoperative blood @entity413 between 250 and 300 mg/dL (adjusted odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-5.57; P  =  .02) and maximum blood @entity413 of 300 mg/dL or greater (adjusted odds ratio, 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-6.16; P  =  .01), compared with maximum blood @entity413 less than 200 mg/dL, and postoperative insulin treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-3.70), were independent risk factors for an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. In @entity6 @entity1 , @entity4854 was not associated with a higher mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity4854 is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in nondiabetic @entity1 after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In @entity6 @entity1 , @entity4854 was not associated with mortality.

title: Impact of XXXX on perioperative mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity166 are an important health problem. Early hospital mortality (EHM) (first 48 hours after hospital admission) give us information about the etiology and the focus of @entity281 . This study was designed because no articles have been found about this subject. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records coded by the ICD-9-CM of all @entity1 that suffered from EHM due to @entity166 during the period 1992 to 1999. RESULTS: Of all the @entity1 analyzed, 0.7% died of EHM, and of theses, 6.9% were due to an @entity166 . Median age was 73.2 years; 56.1% were @entity1 . Index of comorbidity was higher than 1 in 59,9%, and 70,7% never has been admitted to the hospital before. At admission, fever was present in 43.9%. The illness severity was 60.9% @entity295 , 24.4% severe @entity295 , 13.4% septic shock and 1.2% multiorgan failure. Causes of @entity204 were respiratory (76.8%; @entity55 58.5%). @entity55 was more frequent among aged 65 years and older (p = 0.03). In 69.5% no microbiological techniques were performed with independence of the clinical severity or the presence or absence of fever. In 85.4% the casual agent was unidentified, but in the case of isolation, gram positive was the most frequent microorganism. CONCLUSIONS: Infections are an important cause of EHM, and community-acquired @entity1729 (mainly @entity55 ) the most frequent cause of EHM. @entity1 were admitted to the hospital with @entity295 in 60.9%, perhaps due to a diagnostic or therapeutic delay. Among aged 65 years and older, microbiological diagnostic procedures were rarely employed.

title: [Early hospital mortality due to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious disease', 'Infectious diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Malingue's procedure is a modified Z-plasty for the treatment of digital retraction in @entity2074 . Geometrical modelling was used to determine the theoretical efficacy of the technique, and the clinical value of the method was assessed with a follow-up of 23 @entity1 over at least two years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Unlike Z-plasty, in which the skin flaps transposed are triangular, the Malingue plasty uses trapezoidal flaps. The direct longitudinal approach is used for the cords and the incision lines cut obliquely across the flexion folds. Euclidean geometry allows calculation of the average theoretical gain with a 45 plasty for a finger of width a, the initial surface being given by S1=a     2, and the surface after plasty by S2=a  (3/4 [   2+1]). A continuous, homogeneous, retrospective series of 27 @entity1 operated by the same surgeon for @entity2074 with @entity1159 was reviewed by a neutral observer. The technique, which combined open-palm fasciectomy with the Malingue plasty, reduced the loss of skin by extending the finger after excising the cords. The plasty was adapted to cover various @entity272 and degrees of @entity1159 . RESULTS: The Malingue procedure was performed as an outpatient procedure in 23 cases. The average theoretical gain of the skin surface was 46%. The results were evaluated immediately after surgery and over a mean follow-up of 31 months. There were ten cases for a first operation, ten with a first recurrence, and seven with a second recurrence. The operated fingers healed within three weeks with no skin distress or dehiscence. The only surgical complication involved a sectioned collateral radial nerve of the ring finger in a recurrence of @entity2074 ; a @entity1211 was used to re-establish the continuity of the nerve. Midterm complications included @entity6866 in one @entity1 , recurrence of contracture in three @entity1 , and benign lateral hypoesthesia of the first phalanx in two @entity1 . The mean Tubiana score, which fell from 4.0 to 0.18 immediately after surgery, was 0.67 at the last follow-up, with an overall @entity1 satisfaction index of 95%. CONCLUSION: The Malingue plasty follows a strict but easily applicable protocol. Avoiding the use of skin grafts or flaps, the technique offers satisfactory treatment in most cases of @entity2074 .

title: [Malingue's procedure for digital retraction in XXXX --principle, modelling and clinical evaluation].

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's contracture"]

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['finger flexion contracture', 'digital flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous sleeve']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's contracture']


abstract: Newly emerged adult holometabolous insects must still complete considerable morphological, metabolic, and neural maturation. Despite this, adults have frequently been documented to @entity238 prior to finishing maturation and attaining peak physiological capacity. In some species, flight is limited by the unfurling of the wing, while in other species it may be limited by biochemical capacity. We charted maturation trajectories of adult bumblebee workers ( @entity27456 ) for both morphological and flight muscle metabolic capacities, and compared these to the first age at flight. Workers began regular flights as soon as two days after emergence. The unfurling of the wings was completed well before first flights and before any other studied factor, suggesting this did not initially limit flight. Wing beat frequencies, measured as a struggling response to grasping the hindlegs, were about 90% mature by two days old, and did not significantly change after three days. Conversely, by the initiation of flight, the mean enzyme maturation was only 63% completed relative to adult enzyme capacity, though specific enzyme profiles ranged from 42% to 73%. Maximum @entity857 -stimulated mitochondrial respiratory activity on @entity2388 and @entity1521 matured along a similar time frame to glycolytic capacity, reaching its maximum three days after emergence. Bumblebees, as other adult insects, thus begin flights prior to fully maturing.

title: Behavioural, morphological, and metabolic maturation of newly emerged adult workers of the bumblebee, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27456 :: ('132113', 'Species') :: ['Bombus impatiens']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity27456 :: (132113,Species) :: ['Bombus impatiens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestation of @entity63 /reperfusion injury in renal transplantation is @entity10297 ( @entity10297 ), which is associated with an increase in acute rejection episodes (ARE), costs, and difficulties in immunosuppressive management. We sought to evaluated the @entity10297 impact after renal transplant. METHODS: We evaluated a group of 628 @entity1 undergoing deceased donor renal transplantation between 2002 and 2005 at 3 Brazilians institutions to define the main @entity10297 characteristics. RESULTS: @entity10297 incidence was 56.8%, being associated with elderly donors (P = .02), longer time on dialysis (P = .001), and greater @entity63 ( @entity63 ; P = .001). Upon multivariate analysis, time on dialysis >5 years increased @entity10297 risk by 42% (P = .02) and @entity63 >24 hours increased it by 57% (P = .008). In contrast, @entity10297 was associated with an higher incidence of ARE: 27.7% in @entity10297 versus 18.4% in IGF @entity1 (P = .047). The ARE risk was 46% higher among individuals with @entity10297 (P = .02), 44% among @entity1 >45 years old (P < .001), 50% among those with >5 years of dialysis time (P = .02), and 47% lower among the who were prescribed mycophenolate instead of @entity500 (P < .001). @entity1 with @entity10297 showed worse 1-year graft function (54.6    20.3 vs 59.6    19.4 mL/min; P = .004), particularly those with ARE (55.5    19.3 vs 60.7    20.4; P = .009). One-year graft survival was 88.5% among @entity10297 versus 94.0% among non- @entity10297 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The high incidence of @entity10297 was mainly associated with a prolonged @entity63 . There was a relationship between @entity10297 and ARE, as well as with a negative influence on long-term graft function.

title: Effects of XXXX and reperfusion injury on long-term graft function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity10297 :: ('MESH:D051799', 'Disease') :: ['delayed graft function', 'DGF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['CIT', 'cold ischemia time', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life among acute @entity99 @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. METHOD: Twenty-four @entity1 underwent transplantation due to @entity879 . After a brief anamnestic interview to gather demographic and clinical information, each @entity1 underwent a psychological assessment using the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), @entity148 and @entity308 (HAD) Scale, as well as Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 41.17 years (  17.03); the mean time after transplantation was 13.50    13.80 months; 83% of the subjects were @entity1 . @entity148 symptoms were observed in 33.2% of the @entity1 and @entity308 in 16.7% by HAD and 45.8% by BDI. By IES-R 46.2% of @entity1 presented high to severe levels of stress. The majority of @entity1 (54.2%) showed good quality of life scores. A correlation analysis indicated a significant negative association between SF-36 score and other scales (from -0.514 to -0.681). Upon a comparative analysis, a significant difference between groups was only noted in SF-36 score (P = .032). CONCLUSION: The results led us to conclude that @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity1005 were negatively associated with quality of life in this population. These symptoms also contributed directly to determine well-being among these @entity1 .

title: XXXX , mood disorders, and quality of life in transplant recipients with @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['Post-traumatic stress disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life among acute @entity99 @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. METHOD: Twenty-four @entity1 underwent transplantation due to @entity879 . After a brief anamnestic interview to gather demographic and clinical information, each @entity1 underwent a psychological assessment using the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), @entity148 and @entity308 (HAD) Scale, as well as Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 41.17 years (  17.03); the mean time after transplantation was 13.50    13.80 months; 83% of the subjects were @entity1 . @entity148 symptoms were observed in 33.2% of the @entity1 and @entity308 in 16.7% by HAD and 45.8% by BDI. By IES-R 46.2% of @entity1 presented high to severe levels of stress. The majority of @entity1 (54.2%) showed good quality of life scores. A correlation analysis indicated a significant negative association between SF-36 score and other scales (from -0.514 to -0.681). Upon a comparative analysis, a significant difference between groups was only noted in SF-36 score (P = .032). CONCLUSION: The results led us to conclude that @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity1005 were negatively associated with quality of life in this population. These symptoms also contributed directly to determine well-being among these @entity1 .

title: @entity1005 , mood disorders, and quality of life in transplant recipients with XXXX .

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is a @entity74 where loci within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) account for most of the genetic susceptibility. Nongenetic factors, most likely environmental, are also involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, resulting in T-cell-mediated autoimmune attack against pancreatic beta cells. Although our understanding of the natural history of @entity1723 has significantly improved during the last decades, the pathogenesis of the disease remains elusive as are successful strategies for primary intervention. Interesting findings are expected from the emerging field of microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of endogenous small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. They play a key role in post-transcriptional regulation by selectively binding complementary messenger RNAs, thus affecting translation. miRNAs affect key biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, development, and metabolism. In addition, miRNAs are also involved in the regulation of the immune system and insulin secretion. Interestingly, miRNAs have been identified in both normal and pathological conditions, functioning as predictive markers in certain @entity1 diseases. Herein, we have discussed the potential application of this new field to @entity1723 . Research in this area may help to identify variations in genes coding for selected miRNAs that may contribute to @entity6 susceptibility. In addition, mechanistic studies on the role of miRNAs in the modulation of the immune system may elucidate important regulatory mechanisms, identifying potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate responses to islet transplantation.

title: MicroRNAs as new tools for exploring type 1 XXXX : relevance for immunomodulation and transplantation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['polygenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Auxin plays a fundamental role in organogenesis in plants. Multiple pathways for auxin biosynthesis have been proposed, but none of the predicted pathways are completely understood. Here, we report the positional cloning and characterization of the vanishing tassel2 (vt2) gene of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 ). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that vt2 is a co-ortholog of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF @entity958 1 ( @entity72700 ), which converts Trp to @entity45491 in one of four hypothesized Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathways. Unlike single mutations in @entity72700 , which cause subtle morphological phenotypes in @entity958 , vt2 mutants have dramatic effects on vegetative and reproductive development. vt2 mutants share many similarities with sparse inflorescence1 ( @entity72832 ) mutants in @entity2829 . @entity72832 is proposed to encode an enzyme in the @entity7300 pathway for Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis, although this biochemical activity has recently been questioned. Surprisingly, @entity72832 vt2 double mutants had only a slightly more severe phenotype than vt2 single mutants. Furthermore, both @entity72832 and vt2 single mutants exhibited a reduction in free auxin levels, but the @entity72832 vt2 double mutants did not have a further reduction compared with vt2 single mutants. Therefore, both @entity72832 and vt2 function in auxin biosynthesis in @entity2829 , possibly in the same pathway rather than independently as previously proposed.

title: vanishing tassel2 encodes a grass-specific tryptophan aminotransferase required for vegetative and reproductive development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity45491 :: ('MESH:C008122', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-pyruvic acid']

entities_list: @entity7300 :: ('MESH:C030820', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'ARABIDOPSIS']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: @entity291 trophoblasts actively proliferate to elongate blastocysts before implantation. The trophoblast at this stage secretes cytokines and starts to differentiate into an endocrine cell (binucleate cell) for successful pregnancy. Intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) may act as a second messenger in the trophoblast response. In this study, we investigated [ @entity141 ]i signals in a @entity291 trophoblast cell line (BT-1) using @entity593 fluorescence. We found that an application of @entity855 (> or =1 microM) induced a transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i in BT-1 cells. The @entity855 -induced increase was not affected by the removal of extracellular @entity141 , but was suppressed by @entity5747 (100 microM), an antagonist of P2 receptors. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.1 or 1 microg/ml) partially inhibited the response to @entity855 . The order of potency to increase [ @entity141 ]i was @entity855 = @entity856 > @entity857 . @entity855 -induced [ @entity141 ]i responses preferentially occurred in cells at the periphery of the colony. The reduced responses at the center of the colony were associated with an increase in cell density and decrease in @entity1603 incorporation. These results indicated that @entity855 stimulated P2Y receptors coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins, leading to an increase in [ @entity141 ]i as a result of release of @entity141 from intracellular stores in BT-1 cells. The occurrence of @entity855 -induced [ @entity141 ]i signals depended on the cell confluence and reflected the high proliferative activity of the trophoblast cell population.

title: XXXX -evoked increase in intracellular @entity460 via the P2Y receptor in proliferating @entity291 trophoblast cells.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: @entity291 trophoblasts actively proliferate to elongate blastocysts before implantation. The trophoblast at this stage secretes cytokines and starts to differentiate into an endocrine cell (binucleate cell) for successful pregnancy. Intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) may act as a second messenger in the trophoblast response. In this study, we investigated [ @entity141 ]i signals in a @entity291 trophoblast cell line (BT-1) using @entity593 fluorescence. We found that an application of @entity855 (> or =1 microM) induced a transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i in BT-1 cells. The @entity855 -induced increase was not affected by the removal of extracellular @entity141 , but was suppressed by @entity5747 (100 microM), an antagonist of P2 receptors. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.1 or 1 microg/ml) partially inhibited the response to @entity855 . The order of potency to increase [ @entity141 ]i was @entity855 = @entity856 > @entity857 . @entity855 -induced [ @entity141 ]i responses preferentially occurred in cells at the periphery of the colony. The reduced responses at the center of the colony were associated with an increase in cell density and decrease in @entity1603 incorporation. These results indicated that @entity855 stimulated P2Y receptors coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins, leading to an increase in [ @entity141 ]i as a result of release of @entity141 from intracellular stores in BT-1 cells. The occurrence of @entity855 -induced [ @entity141 ]i signals depended on the cell confluence and reflected the high proliferative activity of the trophoblast cell population.

title: @entity855 -evoked increase in intracellular @entity460 via the P2Y receptor in proliferating XXXX trophoblast cells.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity291 trophoblasts actively proliferate to elongate blastocysts before implantation. The trophoblast at this stage secretes cytokines and starts to differentiate into an endocrine cell (binucleate cell) for successful pregnancy. Intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) may act as a second messenger in the trophoblast response. In this study, we investigated [ @entity141 ]i signals in a @entity291 trophoblast cell line (BT-1) using @entity593 fluorescence. We found that an application of @entity855 (> or =1 microM) induced a transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i in BT-1 cells. The @entity855 -induced increase was not affected by the removal of extracellular @entity141 , but was suppressed by @entity5747 (100 microM), an antagonist of P2 receptors. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.1 or 1 microg/ml) partially inhibited the response to @entity855 . The order of potency to increase [ @entity141 ]i was @entity855 = @entity856 > @entity857 . @entity855 -induced [ @entity141 ]i responses preferentially occurred in cells at the periphery of the colony. The reduced responses at the center of the colony were associated with an increase in cell density and decrease in @entity1603 incorporation. These results indicated that @entity855 stimulated P2Y receptors coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins, leading to an increase in [ @entity141 ]i as a result of release of @entity141 from intracellular stores in BT-1 cells. The occurrence of @entity855 -induced [ @entity141 ]i signals depended on the cell confluence and reflected the high proliferative activity of the trophoblast cell population.

title: @entity855 -evoked increase in intracellular XXXX via the P2Y receptor in proliferating @entity291 trophoblast cells.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test if @entity1904 PCT value at the time of admission is a predictor of mortality and/or a diagnostic marker of concomitant infection in exertional @entity6167 . METHODS: 68 @entity1 with exertional @entity6167 admitted to the multidisciplinary intensive care unit were studied. Serum PCT was detected by means of a specific and ultrasensitive immunoluminometric assay within 2 h of admission. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was evaluated within 24 h of admission. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in PCT levels between concomitant infection and @entity281 @entity1 (p=0.712). Elevated PCT level in exertional @entity6167 @entity1 was associated with a more critical pathological state. PCT values in @entity1 with @entity881 ( @entity881 ) were significantly higher than those without @entity881 (p=0.007.). PCT values were also positively correlated with APACHE II scores (r=0.588, p=0.016). PCT values in non-survivors were higher than in survivors at univariate regression analysis (p=0.017). After adjusting for confounders, PCT concentration also remained an independent determinant of mortality (OR 2.98; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.41; p=0.039). Receiver operating characteristic curve for PCT concentration was located above the reference line, which shows an association with mortality. The area under the curve for PCT concentration (0.705; 95% CI 0.547 to 0.862) was statistical significantly (p=0.019). As a predictor of mortality, PCT value was inferior to APACHE II score. CONCLUSIONS: PCT value at the time of admission is an independent predictor of mortality, but maybe not a good indicator of concomitant infection in exertional @entity6167 .

title: Serum procalcitonin predicting mortality in exertional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-infection']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heatstroke']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

answer: @entity6167 :: (MESH:D018883,Disease) :: ['heatstroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review @entity1 with chronic oroantral and oronasal fistula who underwent surgical correction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with chronic @entity8902 who underwent surgical correction in the Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery between 1968 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity33 were used for surgical correction. The underlying factors were tooth extraction in 13 @entity1 (48%), @entity5 in 5 (18.5%), @entity4034 in 3 (11%), Caldwell-Luc procedure in 2 (7.5%), @entity130 in 2 (7.5%), @entity45 in 1(3.7%), and correction of septal perforation in 1 (3.7%). Among the fistulas, 23 were oroantral, 3 were oroantronasal, and 1 was oronasal, respectively. Two @entity1 required revisional repairment. The surgical procedure failed in 1 @entity6 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with prior history of external radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Tooth extraction was the most common etiologic factor, and @entity5 should be excluded in all @entity1 . The outcome may not be satisfactory in @entity1 with @entity262 and in @entity1 with history of radiotherapy. Multiple surgical interventions may be necessary only on rare occasions.

title: Treatment of XXXX :experience with 27 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8902 :: ('MESH:D009957', 'Disease') :: ['oroantral and oral fistula']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Local mucosal flaps']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['dentiginous cyst']

answer: @entity8902 :: (MESH:D009957,Disease) :: ['oroantral fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the radiologic results of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) that showed complete responses on follow-up imaging studies after radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 23 @entity1 (18 male, 5 female, aged 15-71 years; mean age, 48.5 years) affected with @entity189 , from August 1995 to July 2000, who were examined with magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan before and after either radical radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The median follow-up was 24.7 months and ranged from 12 to 48 months. We analyzed the @entity5 by ascertaining/measuring @entity5 size, depth, @entity2171 , skull base invasion, and @entity3329 . The treatment responses for @entity5 were classified as either @entity194 , scar (asymmetric elevation without enhancement), or normalized. The @entity5 response and the appearance of bone regeneration in the previous destructive part of the skull base were also recorded. RESULTS: The 23 @entity1 consisted of 12 superficial @entity5 , for whom treatment results were normalized in 10, @entity194 in 1, and scar in 1 and 11 deep @entity5 for whom treatment results were scar in 6, normalized in 3, and @entity194 in 2. Skull base invasion was detected in 6 @entity1 , 5 of whom showed complete healing of skull base destruction after radiotherapy. However, the other @entity1 exhibited an unusual hyperostotic change in the skull base mimicking @entity82 of the skull base. CONCLUSIONS: The superficial @entity5 tended to be radiologically normalized even when they were large. However, the deep @entity5 mainly changed to scar after radiation therapy. On the other hand, skull base invasion could be normalized after radiotherapy.

title: XXXX : posttreatment changes of imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusion']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) obtained with 3.0-T diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and Gleason grades in @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The requirement to obtain institutional review board approval was waived. Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity263 underwent MR imaging before prostatectomy, including DW MR imaging with b values of 0, 50, 500, and 800 sec/mm(2). In prostatectomy specimens, separate slice-by-slice determinations of Gleason grade groups were performed according to primary, secondary, and tertiary Gleason grades. In addition, @entity5 were classified into qualitative grade groups (low-, intermediate-, or high-grade @entity5 ). ADC maps were aligned to step-sections and regions of interest annotated for each @entity5 slice. The median ADC of @entity5 was related to qualitative grade groups with linear mixed-model regression analysis. The accuracy of the median ADC in the most aggressive @entity5 component in the differentiation of low- from combined intermediate- and high-grade @entity5 was summarized by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (A(z)). RESULTS: In 51 prostatectomy specimens, 62 different @entity5 and 251 step-section @entity5 lesions were identified. The median ADC in the @entity5 showed a negative relationship with Gleason grade group, and differences among the three qualitative grade groups were statistically significant (P < .001). Overall, with an increase of one qualitative grade group, the median ADC (  standard deviation) decreased 0.18   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.02. Low-, intermediate-, and high-grade @entity5 had a median ADC of 1.30   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, 1.07   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, and 0.94   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, respectively. ROC analysis showed a discriminatory performance of A(z) = 0.90 in discerning low-grade from combined intermediate- and high-grade lesions. CONCLUSION: ADCs at 3.0 T showed an inverse relationship to Gleason grades in @entity263 . A high discriminatory performance was achieved in the differentiation of low-, intermediate-, and high-grade @entity5 .

title: Relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients at 3.0-T MR imaging and Gleason grade in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral zone prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['peripheral zone prostate cancer']


abstract: In a Muslim Israeli Arab village, different types of @entity393 affect some 2% of the inhabitants. Most cases of profound @entity2319 are due to recessive mutations in the @entity3492 gene. Since in this community, marriages are by preference within the family (consanguineous), for many of the couples from the village the risk for an affected @entity1 is high. There are 30 families living in the village in which both parents have normal hearing and at least one @entity1 has a profound @entity393 . In these families, the birth of a @entity1 with profound @entity2319 did not change family planning. The rate of marriage was similar for the siblings of deaf @entity1 as for other individuals in the village. The major problems were encountered by the deaf individuals themselves; in particular, most of the @entity1 were not married. Because of the distinctive nature of this particular problem, different types of screening programs were envisaged. However, all of them are problematic. Therefore, as a first step it was decided to begin a program including individual genetic counseling together with education of the entire population on practical aspects of @entity1 genetics.

title: High incidence of profound XXXX in an isolated community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing defect']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of antibiotic-impregnated sponges (Collatamp) during cardiac surgery is controversial. We analysed the cost-effectiveness of its selective use in @entity1 at high-risk of sternal wound infection (SWI). METHOD: Postoperative costs were analysed in two groups of @entity1 undergoing heart surgery between 2011 and 2013: those with SWI (group 1) and in high-risk @entity1 without SWI (group 2). The potential cost of @entity801 -impregnated collagen sponges (GCS) use in high-risk @entity1 was compared with our current practice. RESULTS: We identified 1,251 @entity1 with at least one recognised risk factor for developing SWI in this period. Of these, 18 developed SWI (incidence 1.4%). The median postoperative cost per @entity1 without SWI was   9,617. The additional cost per @entity1 incurred by SWI was   4,860.75. The annual additional cost for treating @entity1 with SWI was   43,749. With a 50% reduction in SWI, the annual additional cost of treating these @entity1 would be reduced to   21,873. The cost of GCS is   80 per @entity1 . Adding this to   21,873 gives a potential total cost of   71,913 in the treated high-risk cohort. CONCLUSION: In our practice the annual cost of treating SWI in high-risk @entity1 without use of GCS is lower than the annual cost of using GCS in all high-risk @entity1 (  43,749 versus   71,913) if it produces a 50% reduction in SWI. The reduction in the incidence of SWI poses no economic benefit when the cost of the product is factored in.

title: Cost analysis of XXXX -impregnated collagen sponges in preventing sternal wound infection post cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is debate whether targets for @entity2613 length of stay introduced to reduce @entity2613 overcrowding are helpful or harmful, as focus on a process target may divert attention from clinical care. Our objective was to investigate the effect of a national @entity2613 target in Aotearoa New Zealand on the recommended care for acute @entity565 as this is known to suffer in overcrowded departments. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review study across four sites from 2006 to 2012 (target introduced mid 2009). The primary outcome was time to @entity230 in the @entity2613 . The secondary outcomes were other aspects of @entity565 care in @entity2613 . We used general linear models or logistic regression as appropriate to assess care before and after the target. RESULTS: Among the 570 (of 1270 randomly selected cases) eligible for analysis, no difference was demonstrated in time to @entity230 : least square mean (95% CI)   =   58.1 (49-67.5) min before and 50.4 (42.9-55.8) min after the target (P   =   0.15). More @entity1 received @entity230 in @entity2613 after the target, OR (95% CI)   =   2.1 (1.2-4.3). No differences were demonstrated in those receiving @entity479 prescriptions or re-presentations: OR (95% CI)   =   1.3 (0.9-1.96) and 1.1 (0.5-2.3), respectively. Changes in pre-target and post-target @entity2613 and hospital length of stay varied between hospitals. CONCLUSION: Introduction of the target was not associated with a change in times to @entity230 in @entity2613 , although more @entity1 received @entity230 in @entity2613 indicating closer adherence to recommended practice.

title: Is a national time target for emergency department stay associated with changes in the quality of care for acute XXXX ? A multicentre pre-intervention post-intervention study.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resident work hours may impact @entity1 care. We hypothesized that "call-associated" @entity1949 has no effect on technical dexterity as measured on a minimally invasive surgery trainer, virtual reality (MIST VR) surgical simulator. METHODS: Thirty-five surgical residents were prospectively evaluated pre-call (rested), on-call (rested), and post-call (acutely sleep deprived). @entity1 completed questionnaires regarding sleep hours and level of @entity1295 . Technical skill was assessed using the MIST VR. Speed, errors, and economy of motion were automatically recorded by the MIST VR computer simulator. Data were analyzed by paired Student t test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Estimated hours of sleep and subjective indicators of @entity1295 were different between rested and sleep-deprived residents. The number of errors and time to complete all tasks increased at the post-call assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Resident work schedules lead to @entity1949 and @entity1295 . Call-associated @entity1949 and @entity1295 are associated with increased technical errors in the performance of simulated laparoscopic surgical skills.

title: Effect of XXXX on the performance of simulated laparoscopic surgical skill.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'acute sleep deprivation']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep deprivation']


abstract: CymA, the outer membrane component of the cyclodextrin (CD) uptake and metabolism system of @entity7101 , was reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes. The channel properties of this unusual porin were studied in detail. The binding of CDs to the channel resulted in its complete block for ion transport. This result allowed the detailed investigation of @entity1735 binding, and the stability constants for the binding of cyclic and linear @entity3363 to the binding site inside the channel were calculated from titration experiments of the membrane conductance with the @entity3363 . Highest stability constant was observed for @entity25674 ( @entity25675 ; K = 32,000 1/M) followed by @entity11151 ( @entity19987 ; K = 1970 1/M) and @entity37610 ( @entity37611 ; K = 310 1/M). Linear maltooligosaccharides bound also to CymA but with much smaller stability constants as compared to cyclic ones. The noise of the current through CymA in multi- and single-channel experiments was investigated using fast Fourier transformation. The current through the open channels had a rather high spectral density, which was a Lorentzian function of the frequency up to 2000 Hz. Upon addition of cyclic dextrins to the aqueous phase the spectral density decreased in a dose-dependent manner, which made it impossible to evaluate the binding kinetics. Experiments with single CymA-channels demonstrated the channel is highly asymmetric concerning channel flickers and current noise.

title: CymA of XXXX outer membrane: binding of cyclodextrins and study of the current noise of the open channel.

entities_list: @entity11151 :: ('MESH:C031215', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7101 :: ('571', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella oxytoca']

entities_list: @entity37610 :: ('MESH:C023792', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity25674 :: ('MESH:C032613', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-cyclodextrin']

answer: @entity7101 :: (571,Species) :: ['Klebsiella oxytoca']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has focused on the association between body @entity1386 and related metabolic risk factors. The quantitative link between percentage body fat (%BF) and the risk of @entity209 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the risk [odds ratios (ORs)] of @entity209 based on %BF in black and white @entity1 and @entity1 in the United States and to provide corresponding ranges of %BF associated with a risk equivalent to body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)). DESIGN: The subjects were @entity1 in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were divided into those with and without the @entity209 . OR equations were derived from logistic regression models for %BF and BMI, with the 25th percentile in the study population as the reference. Ranges were developed by associating %BF with the equivalent risk of @entity209 based on established BMI cutoffs. RESULTS: Four sets ( @entity1 , @entity1 , black, and white) of OR curves were generated for %BF and for BMI by using data from 8259 adults. The ORs for @entity209 were lower in blacks than in whites at any given %BF or BMI. The developed cutoffs for %BF differed between @entity1 and @entity1 but showed only small race and age effects. A simplified set of sex-specific %BF ranges for the risk of @entity209 were developed. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity209 can be established from measured %BF by using either the developed OR curves or %BF thresholds at traditional BMI cutoffs. This information should prove useful in both clinical and research settings.

title: Percentage body fat ranges associated with XXXX risk: results based on the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994).

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We have previously developed a risk table to predict the probability of a positive bone scan among @entity1 with non-metastatic castrate resistant @entity263 (M0 CRPC). Herein, we tested its external validity of this risk table in a separate cohort. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 429 bone scans of 281 CRPC @entity1 with no known prior @entity3 treated at three Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. We assessed the predictors of a positive scan using generalized estimating equations. Area under the curve (AUC), calibration plots and decision curve analysis were used to assess the performance of our prior model to predict a positive scan in the current data. RESULTS: A total of 113 scans (26%) were positive. On multivariable analysis, the only significant predictors of a positive scan were log-transformed PSA (HR 2.13, 95%CI 1.71-2.66, p<0.001) and log-transformed PSA doubling time (PSADT; HR=0.53, 95%CI 0.41-0.68, p<0.001). Among @entity1 with a PSA <5 ng/ml, the rate of positive scans was 5%. The previously developed risk table had an AUC of 0.735 to predict positive bone scan with excellent calibration and provided additional net benefit in the decision curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We have validated our previously developed table to predict the risk of a positive bone scan among @entity1 with M0/Mx CRPC. Use of this risk table may allow better tailoring of @entity1 ' scanning to identify @entity3 early while minimizing over-imaging. Regardless of PSADT, positive bone scans were rare in @entity1 with a PSA <5 ng/ml. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Validation of a bone scan positivity risk table in non-metastatic castration-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies on @entity64 recurrence in younger adults often contain small sample size which makes it difficult to study trends in @entity64 recurrence over a long period of time. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to investigate temporal trends in the risk of recurrence in younger @entity1 with a first @entity385 . METHODS: All @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18-54 years who had survived at least 28 days after a first @entity385 from 1987 to 2006 were identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register. The @entity1 were stratified into four 5-year periods according to their admission period and were followed up for a total of four years after the index event with regard to recurrent @entity385 . A Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk of recurrent @entity385 . RESULTS: Of the 17,149 @entity385 @entity1 who were identified, 2432 (14.2%) had a recurrent @entity385 event within four years. From the first to the last periods (1987-1991 versus 2002-2006), the four-year risk of recurrent @entity385 decreased by 55% (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.53) in @entity1 and 59% (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.50) in @entity1 . The cumulative four-year risk was 11.8% (95% CI 10.55-13.25) in @entity1 and 9.8% (95% CI 8.40-11.46) in @entity1 during the last five-year period (2002-2006). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of recurrence among younger @entity385 @entity1 has decreased over the past 20 years. Despite these improvements, younger @entity1 are still at a high risk for recurrent @entity385 .

title: Trends in risk of recurrence after the first XXXX in adults younger than 55 years of age in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']