abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 were randomized during 39 episodes of @entity548 to receive either 1 g of intravenous @entity3524 (19 @entity1 ) or no antibiotic (20 @entity1 ) immediately before emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy. Blood was obtained for culture before and at 5 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the procedure. Specimens for culture were taken from the endoscope tip and channel, water bottle, and injection needle after sclerotherapy. When @entity843 was present (5 @entity1 in the antibiotic group, 7 in the control group), fluid was obtained by paracentesis before endoscopy and at 4 and 24 hours. @entity2259 occurred in 1 of 19 @entity1 in the antibiotic group (5.3%), compared with 6 of 19 in the control group (31.6%; p = .04). The cultured organisms were oral flora and usually also contaminated the endoscope and needle. No bacteria were cultured from ascitic fluid in any @entity1 nor was the ascitic fluid white cell count elevated. @entity922 attributable to sclerotherapy did not develop in any @entity1 . In conclusion, the frequency of @entity2259 after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity548 esophageal varices can be reduced by prophylactic administration of intravenous @entity3524 . However, this may not be clinically relevant, given the absence of bacterascites and @entity281 in this study. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics before sclerotherapy.

title: @entity2259 and bacterascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity548 esophageal varices and prevention by intravenous XXXX : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['cefotaxime']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 were randomized during 39 episodes of @entity548 to receive either 1 g of intravenous @entity3524 (19 @entity1 ) or no antibiotic (20 @entity1 ) immediately before emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy. Blood was obtained for culture before and at 5 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the procedure. Specimens for culture were taken from the endoscope tip and channel, water bottle, and injection needle after sclerotherapy. When @entity843 was present (5 @entity1 in the antibiotic group, 7 in the control group), fluid was obtained by paracentesis before endoscopy and at 4 and 24 hours. @entity2259 occurred in 1 of 19 @entity1 in the antibiotic group (5.3%), compared with 6 of 19 in the control group (31.6%; p = .04). The cultured organisms were oral flora and usually also contaminated the endoscope and needle. No bacteria were cultured from ascitic fluid in any @entity1 nor was the ascitic fluid white cell count elevated. @entity922 attributable to sclerotherapy did not develop in any @entity1 . In conclusion, the frequency of @entity2259 after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity548 esophageal varices can be reduced by prophylactic administration of intravenous @entity3524 . However, this may not be clinically relevant, given the absence of bacterascites and @entity281 in this study. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics before sclerotherapy.

title: @entity2259 and bacterascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy for XXXX esophageal varices and prevention by intravenous @entity3524 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical infection']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The assessment and remediation of boundary-challenged healthcare professionals is enhanced through examination of individual risk factors. We assessed three such factors--attachment style, childhood @entity130 and @entity12437 (mostly physicians) of a CME professional boundaries course. We propose a theoretical model which draws a causal arc from childhood maltreatment through insecure attachment and maladaptive beliefs to elevated risk for boundary violations. METHODS: We administered the Experiences in Close Relationship Questionnaire (ECR-R), Childhood @entity130 Questionnaire (CTQ), and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) to 100 healthcare professionals (mostly physicians) attending a CME course on professional boundaries. Experts rated @entity1 autobiographies to determine attachment style and early adversities. Correlations and relationships among self- and expert ratings and between different risk factors were examined. RESULTS: Five percent of @entity1 reported CTQ total scores in the moderate to severe range; eleven percent reported moderate to severe emotional neglect or emotional abuse. Average @entity148 and attachment avoidance were low, and more than half of @entity1 were rated    secure    by experts. Childhood maltreatment was correlated with @entity148 and avoidance and predicted expert-rated insecure attachment and maladaptive beliefs. CONCLUSION: Our findings support a potential link between childhood adversity and boundary difficulties, partly mediated by insecure attachment and early maladaptive beliefs. Furthermore, these results suggest that boundary education programs and professional wellness programs may be enhanced with a focus on sequelae of childhood maltreatment, attachment and common maladaptive thinking patterns.

title: Individual risk factors for physician boundary violations: the role of attachment style, childhood XXXX and maladaptive beliefs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['attachment anxiety']

entities_list: @entity12437 :: ('MESH:D000012', 'Disease') :: ['maladaptive beliefs--in 100 attendees']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have examined the activity of alkylating agents in the treatment of advanced @entity14 . Recent reports have suggested possible therapeutic activity for high-dose intravenous melphalan administered with autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) support. We conducted a phase II study to determine the efficacy of administering intravenous melphalan at doses that do not require BMT support in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with histologically proven, bidimensionally measurable disease were treated. The starting dose of @entity3601 was 30 mg/m2, with dose escalation permitted. RESULTS: No objective responses were observed. @entity137 effects were primarily reversible @entity3028 and @entity882 . There were no treatment-associated @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Melphalan's lack of efficacy at the doses administered does not disprove the steep chemotherapy dose-response relationship postulated for many solid @entity5 . However, we feel that it is unlikely that repetitive courses of high dose melphalan with autologous BMT support will be a practical approach to the management of advanced @entity14 .

title: Phase II trial of intravenous melphalan in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: The neurological functional disabilities caused by @entity385 significantly deteriorate life quality and increase the medical and socio-economic costs. Although some molecular agents show potential in acting against the pathological mechanisms in animal studies, none has been proven effective for @entity2806 treatment in @entity1 @entity1 . New treatment strategy needs to be developed. Stem cell therapy is promising for neural regeneration and thus become one of the current trends. More evidence has shown stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), skeletal muscle satellite cells and mesenchymal stem cells, to be useful in tissue repair and regeneration. However all these stem cells mentioned above have limitations. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an alternative autologous stem cell source for the characters as abundant, easy to obtain, immunological and ethic problem free. So far, this treatment strategy has been rarely adopted on @entity2806 . In this study, we investigated the transplantation effects of @entity35 ADSCs for the treatment of @entity2806 in @entity35 . ADSCs were isolated from @entity35 adipose tissue and then induced to initiate neural differentiation. Following neural induction, ADSCs developed neural morphology and displayed molecular expression of @entity15155 , @entity14383 and @entity538 . We evaluate the neurobehavioral function, @entity1188 volume and cell properties as apoptosis, survival, migration, proliferation, differentiation and immunogenicity. Treatment with i-ADSCs (induction from ADSCs) results in better functional recovery and more reduction in hemispheric atrophy then without i-ADSCs in other groups. Our study demonstrates that i-ADSCs therapy is promising in @entity64 treatment and finally leads to an efficacious therapeutic modalities for much better outcome in clinical @entity1 .

title: Transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells for treatment of focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)-related @entity884 (CIED-IE) is a serious complication of @entity299 and is associated with increased mortality. At present, there exist no criteria to predict CIED-IE in @entity1 who present with @entity15243 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of @entity15243 seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1991 and 2008. CIED-IE was classified using pathologic and clinical criteria. Clinical predictors of CIED-IE were identified using logistic regression, and quantified using a summary score and plotted against the distribution of CIED-IE. RESULTS: Ninety-three (22.4%) of the 416 @entity1 with @entity15243 had CIED-IE. Host factors including chronic immunomodulator therapy exclusive of corticosteroid (odds ratio [OR], 3.79 [confidence interval (CI) 1.10, 13.04]), chronic corticosteroid therapy (OR, 2.15 [CI 0.93, 5.00]), hemodialysis (OR, 3.24 [CI 1.39, 7.55]), or remote @entity281 (OR, 1.77 [CI 0.99, 3.14]) were associated with increased odds of CIED-IE. @entity1 with CIED-IE were at increased odds of presenting with @entity221 (OR, 3.78 [CI 1.93, 7.40]), or malaise (OR, 1.87 [CI 1.02, 3.41]), and have findings of @entity491 (OR, 3.61 [CI 1.51, 8.62]). In marked contrast, they were at decreased odds of exhibiting signs/symptoms of @entity281 at the generator pocket site (OR, 0.19 [CI 0.10, 0.36]). Summary scores of 6 and 11 predicted CIED-IE in approximately 50% and 90% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Certain comorbid conditions and systemic manifestations of @entity281 were associated with CIED-IE. In contrast, pocket site @entity281 was negatively associated with CIED-IE. These findings should assist clinicians in identifying @entity1 who would more likely benefit from further investigation of CIED-IE with transesophageal echocardiography.

title: Clinical predictors of cardiovascular implantable electronic device-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15243 :: ('MESH:D053821', 'Disease') :: ['CIED infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac device infection']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity308 is associated with alterations in corticostriatal reward circuitry. One pathophysiological pathway that may drive these changes is @entity32 . Biomarkers of @entity32 (for example, cytokines and @entity1851 are reliably elevated in @entity308 @entity1 . Moreover, administration of inflammatory stimuli reduces neural activity and @entity935 release in reward-related brain regions in association with reduced motivation and @entity4270 . Accordingly, we examined whether @entity32 in @entity308 affects corticostriatal reward circuitry to lead to deficits in motivation and goal-directed motor behavior. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 48 medically stable, unmedicated outpatients with major @entity308 . Whole-brain, voxel-wise functional connectivity was examined as a function of @entity1851 using seeds for subdivisions of the ventral and dorsal striatum associated with motivation and motor control. Increased @entity1851 was associated with decreased connectivity between ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (corrected P<0.05), which in turn correlated with increased @entity4270 (R=-0.47, P=0.001). Increased @entity1851 similarly predicted decreased dorsal striatal to vmPFC and presupplementary motor area connectivity, which correlated with decreased motor speed (R=0.31 to 0.45, P<0.05) and @entity2146 slowing (R=-0.35, P=0.015). Of note, mediation analyses revealed that these effects of @entity1851 on connectivity mediated significant relationships between @entity1851 and @entity4270 and @entity73 . Finally, connectivity between striatum and vmPFC was associated with increased plasma @entity650 , @entity1356 and @entity1193 (R=-0.33 to -0.36, P<0.05). These findings suggest that decreased corticostriatal connectivity may serve as a target for anti-inflammatory or pro-dopaminergic treatment strategies to improve motivational and @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity32 , including @entity308 .

title: @entity32 is associated with decreased functional connectivity within corticostriatal reward circuitry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'increased inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor slowing']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['increased psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP))', 'CRP']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity308 is associated with alterations in corticostriatal reward circuitry. One pathophysiological pathway that may drive these changes is @entity32 . Biomarkers of @entity32 (for example, cytokines and @entity1851 are reliably elevated in @entity308 @entity1 . Moreover, administration of inflammatory stimuli reduces neural activity and @entity935 release in reward-related brain regions in association with reduced motivation and @entity4270 . Accordingly, we examined whether @entity32 in @entity308 affects corticostriatal reward circuitry to lead to deficits in motivation and goal-directed motor behavior. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 48 medically stable, unmedicated outpatients with major @entity308 . Whole-brain, voxel-wise functional connectivity was examined as a function of @entity1851 using seeds for subdivisions of the ventral and dorsal striatum associated with motivation and motor control. Increased @entity1851 was associated with decreased connectivity between ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (corrected P<0.05), which in turn correlated with increased @entity4270 (R=-0.47, P=0.001). Increased @entity1851 similarly predicted decreased dorsal striatal to vmPFC and presupplementary motor area connectivity, which correlated with decreased motor speed (R=0.31 to 0.45, P<0.05) and @entity2146 slowing (R=-0.35, P=0.015). Of note, mediation analyses revealed that these effects of @entity1851 on connectivity mediated significant relationships between @entity1851 and @entity4270 and @entity73 . Finally, connectivity between striatum and vmPFC was associated with increased plasma @entity650 , @entity1356 and @entity1193 (R=-0.33 to -0.36, P<0.05). These findings suggest that decreased corticostriatal connectivity may serve as a target for anti-inflammatory or pro-dopaminergic treatment strategies to improve motivational and @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity32 , including @entity308 .

title: XXXX is associated with decreased functional connectivity within corticostriatal reward circuitry in @entity308 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: In order to differentiate @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) from @entity2743 , the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity1496 was evaluated in this study. The subjects employed were 39 @entity1 with @entity1374 and 40 @entity1 with @entity2743 . @entity1 were advised to avoid any @entity1496 -containing food or medication for a week before the examination. The urinary concentration of @entity1496 (UI) and the serum concentration of thyroid hormones were determined. UI was calculated from the amount of @entity1496 in the spot urine by multiplying it by the ratio of @entity1496 to @entity1011 . Since the UI value thus obtained was significantly well correlated with the UI value for 24 hour urine, the former value was used instead of the latter value thereafter. Mean UI value in the @entity1 with @entity1374 was 482.4 +/- 296.4 mu g/day and that in the @entity1 with @entity2743 was 169.8 +/- 75.2 mu g/day, the former value being significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.0001). A strong and significant correlation between UI and the serum concentration of FT4 or T3 (TT3) was found in the @entity1 with @entity1374 (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.54, p < 0.02), but not in those with @entity2743 (r = 0.34, p = 0.07 and r = 0.24, p = 0.14) Mean UI/FT4 ratio and mean UI/TT3 ratio was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1374 than those with @entity2743 and the overlaps in the ratios between these two groups were very slight. These results indicate that both the ratios of UI/FT4 and UI/TT3 were useful parameters to differentiate @entity1374 from @entity2743 . The higher UI value observed in the @entity1 with @entity1374 was thought to be due to the increase in the amount of inorganic @entity1496 which was liberated from the iodinated material leaked from the damaged thyroid tissue by the deiodinating mechanism in the peripheral tissues.

title: [Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of XXXX in differentiating @entity1374 from @entity2743 ].

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['silent thyroiditis', 'SLT']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: In order to differentiate @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) from @entity2743 , the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity1496 was evaluated in this study. The subjects employed were 39 @entity1 with @entity1374 and 40 @entity1 with @entity2743 . @entity1 were advised to avoid any @entity1496 -containing food or medication for a week before the examination. The urinary concentration of @entity1496 (UI) and the serum concentration of thyroid hormones were determined. UI was calculated from the amount of @entity1496 in the spot urine by multiplying it by the ratio of @entity1496 to @entity1011 . Since the UI value thus obtained was significantly well correlated with the UI value for 24 hour urine, the former value was used instead of the latter value thereafter. Mean UI value in the @entity1 with @entity1374 was 482.4 +/- 296.4 mu g/day and that in the @entity1 with @entity2743 was 169.8 +/- 75.2 mu g/day, the former value being significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.0001). A strong and significant correlation between UI and the serum concentration of FT4 or T3 (TT3) was found in the @entity1 with @entity1374 (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.54, p < 0.02), but not in those with @entity2743 (r = 0.34, p = 0.07 and r = 0.24, p = 0.14) Mean UI/FT4 ratio and mean UI/TT3 ratio was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1374 than those with @entity2743 and the overlaps in the ratios between these two groups were very slight. These results indicate that both the ratios of UI/FT4 and UI/TT3 were useful parameters to differentiate @entity1374 from @entity2743 . The higher UI value observed in the @entity1 with @entity1374 was thought to be due to the increase in the amount of inorganic @entity1496 which was liberated from the iodinated material leaked from the damaged thyroid tissue by the deiodinating mechanism in the peripheral tissues.

title: [Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity1496 in differentiating @entity1374 from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: In order to differentiate @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) from @entity2743 , the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity1496 was evaluated in this study. The subjects employed were 39 @entity1 with @entity1374 and 40 @entity1 with @entity2743 . @entity1 were advised to avoid any @entity1496 -containing food or medication for a week before the examination. The urinary concentration of @entity1496 (UI) and the serum concentration of thyroid hormones were determined. UI was calculated from the amount of @entity1496 in the spot urine by multiplying it by the ratio of @entity1496 to @entity1011 . Since the UI value thus obtained was significantly well correlated with the UI value for 24 hour urine, the former value was used instead of the latter value thereafter. Mean UI value in the @entity1 with @entity1374 was 482.4 +/- 296.4 mu g/day and that in the @entity1 with @entity2743 was 169.8 +/- 75.2 mu g/day, the former value being significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.0001). A strong and significant correlation between UI and the serum concentration of FT4 or T3 (TT3) was found in the @entity1 with @entity1374 (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.54, p < 0.02), but not in those with @entity2743 (r = 0.34, p = 0.07 and r = 0.24, p = 0.14) Mean UI/FT4 ratio and mean UI/TT3 ratio was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1374 than those with @entity2743 and the overlaps in the ratios between these two groups were very slight. These results indicate that both the ratios of UI/FT4 and UI/TT3 were useful parameters to differentiate @entity1374 from @entity2743 . The higher UI value observed in the @entity1 with @entity1374 was thought to be due to the increase in the amount of inorganic @entity1496 which was liberated from the iodinated material leaked from the damaged thyroid tissue by the deiodinating mechanism in the peripheral tissues.

title: [Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity1496 in differentiating XXXX from @entity2743 ].

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['silent thyroiditis']


abstract: To address the problem of the pathogenesis of @entity3949 , @entity35 were made @entity6 by @entity10835 administration, and sciatic nerves were sampled for electrolyte and water content and levels of selected @entity3363 and intermediates in energy metabolism at 3, 6, and 26 weeks. Significant increases were seen in the nerve content of @entity413 , @entity5121 , and @entity948 . Decreases of @entity8580 were not statistically significant. @entity3776 was increased at all times; @entity4567 was elevated at 6 and 26 weeks. Nerve @entity855 and @entity1734 levels were both increased concomitantly, as was the energy charge. Nerve @entity880 levels increased only at 26 weeks when plasma @entity880 levels were also high. Plasma @entity6178 bodies were elevated throughout the 26-week experimental interval. It is postulated that @entity6178 bodies were being used as alternative metabolic fuels in @entity6 , thereby causing inhibition of @entity2388 oxidation and increased aerobic production of @entity880 . Increased plasma @entity6178 body levels could also inhibit hepatic @entity880 uptake. There was no other evidence for @entity519 / @entity63 . @entity880 : @entity2388 ratios did not differ from control values at any time in these @entity19721 animals. Five major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of @entity3949 : 1) @entity519 / @entity63 , 2) hyperglycemic pseudohypoxia, 3) @entity8580 deficiency, 4) @entity948 and @entity8371 accumulation and osmotic disequilibrium, and 5) nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules by @entity948 and @entity413 . The data obtained in this study seem to fit best with hypotheses 4 and perhaps 5.

title: Effects of acute, subacute, and chronic XXXX on carbohydrate and energy metabolism in @entity35 sciatic nerve. Relation to mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic nerve']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity19721 :: ('MESH:D056693', 'Disease') :: ['ketotic hypoinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-1,6-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: To address the problem of the pathogenesis of @entity3949 , @entity35 were made @entity6 by @entity10835 administration, and sciatic nerves were sampled for electrolyte and water content and levels of selected @entity3363 and intermediates in energy metabolism at 3, 6, and 26 weeks. Significant increases were seen in the nerve content of @entity413 , @entity5121 , and @entity948 . Decreases of @entity8580 were not statistically significant. @entity3776 was increased at all times; @entity4567 was elevated at 6 and 26 weeks. Nerve @entity855 and @entity1734 levels were both increased concomitantly, as was the energy charge. Nerve @entity880 levels increased only at 26 weeks when plasma @entity880 levels were also high. Plasma @entity6178 bodies were elevated throughout the 26-week experimental interval. It is postulated that @entity6178 bodies were being used as alternative metabolic fuels in @entity6 , thereby causing inhibition of @entity2388 oxidation and increased aerobic production of @entity880 . Increased plasma @entity6178 body levels could also inhibit hepatic @entity880 uptake. There was no other evidence for @entity519 / @entity63 . @entity880 : @entity2388 ratios did not differ from control values at any time in these @entity19721 animals. Five major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of @entity3949 : 1) @entity519 / @entity63 , 2) hyperglycemic pseudohypoxia, 3) @entity8580 deficiency, 4) @entity948 and @entity8371 accumulation and osmotic disequilibrium, and 5) nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules by @entity948 and @entity413 . The data obtained in this study seem to fit best with hypotheses 4 and perhaps 5.

title: Effects of acute, subacute, and chronic @entity6 on carbohydrate and energy metabolism in XXXX sciatic nerve. Relation to mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Although a uterine leiomyomectomy or adenomyomectomy is an accepted procedure to treat symptoms such as @entity1834 or @entity931 to enhance fertility, the risk of future uterine @entity397 is a major concern for @entity1 who become pregnant following these surgery. Although uterine @entity397 very rarely occurs, this is the most feared complication in pregnancy and is associated with a high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A 37-year-old nulliparous @entity1 had a 2-year history of @entity249 . A transvaginal ultrasound revealed multiple uterine @entity5 that resembled @entity2909 on the posterior and fundal walls of the uterine body. After the @entity1 had three failed in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatments, the uterine @entity5 was enucleated, and pathologically diagnosed as an @entity5 . Five months after the operation, the @entity1 became pregnant as a result of a fourth in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. At the 33rd week of gestation, she complained of a sudden onset of @entity490 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with a @entity397 based on an ultrasound, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. The @entity397 occurred at the site of the operation scar on the posterior wall of the uterine body. The fetal legs extruded into the abdominal cavity from the uterine cavity but were enclosed within the unruptured chorioamniotic membrane. A male neonate (1956 g) was delivered without @entity1763 and had Apgar scores of 8 and 9. The ruptured uterine wall could be repaired by suturing. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of uterine @entity397 during pregnancy after resection of an @entity5 in the uterine body.

title: Spontaneous uterine XXXX in the 33rd week of IVF pregnancy after laparoscopically assisted enucleation of uterine @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adenomatoid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured uterus', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['hypermenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: Although a uterine leiomyomectomy or adenomyomectomy is an accepted procedure to treat symptoms such as @entity1834 or @entity931 to enhance fertility, the risk of future uterine @entity397 is a major concern for @entity1 who become pregnant following these surgery. Although uterine @entity397 very rarely occurs, this is the most feared complication in pregnancy and is associated with a high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A 37-year-old nulliparous @entity1 had a 2-year history of @entity249 . A transvaginal ultrasound revealed multiple uterine @entity5 that resembled @entity2909 on the posterior and fundal walls of the uterine body. After the @entity1 had three failed in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatments, the uterine @entity5 was enucleated, and pathologically diagnosed as an @entity5 . Five months after the operation, the @entity1 became pregnant as a result of a fourth in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. At the 33rd week of gestation, she complained of a sudden onset of @entity490 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with a @entity397 based on an ultrasound, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. The @entity397 occurred at the site of the operation scar on the posterior wall of the uterine body. The fetal legs extruded into the abdominal cavity from the uterine cavity but were enclosed within the unruptured chorioamniotic membrane. A male neonate (1956 g) was delivered without @entity1763 and had Apgar scores of 8 and 9. The ruptured uterine wall could be repaired by suturing. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of uterine @entity397 during pregnancy after resection of an @entity5 in the uterine body.

title: Spontaneous uterine @entity397 in the 33rd week of IVF pregnancy after laparoscopically assisted enucleation of uterine XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adenomatoid tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relevance of the temporal relationship between a unipolar electrogram (UEGM) and a bipolar electrogram (BEGM) in determining the site of origin (SOO) of focal @entity943 has been largely demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: We sought to demonstrate that a negative concordance in the initial forces of these EGMs is also helpful in predicting the SOO of @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ). METHODS: Mapping and radiofrequency (RF) ablation were performed in 41 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1540 in the absence of structural @entity299 . Simultaneous recordings of the minimally filtered (0.5-500 Hz) UEGM and filtered BEGM (30-500 Hz) were analyzed at 247 mapping sites, where RF was attempted. EGMs of 63 mechanically induced @entity1540 were separately analyzed as a validation group. All ablation sites had a QS pattern in the UEGM. Acute PVC suppression was defined as a complete disappearance of @entity1540 after a 60-second pulse of RF. RESULTS: RF ablation obtained PVC suppression (RF+) in 33 of 247 sites (13.3%). A negative concordance pattern (NCP) during the initial 20 ms of both UEGM and BEGM was observed in 31 of 33 (94%) RF+ sites compared with 10 of 214 (4%)RF- sites (P < .0001). The NCP criterion demonstrated to be an additional powerful predictor of acute RF success with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 94%, 95%, 76%, and 99%, respectively. Similarly to RF+ sites, the NCP was observed in 60 of 63 sites (95.2%) in the mechanical PVC group. CONCLUSION: An NCP in both UEGM and BEGM may be an additional criterion that helps to localize the SOO of focal @entity943 .

title: Negative concordance pattern in bipolar and unipolar recordings: An additional mapping criterion to localize the site of origin of focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs', 'ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been diagnosed poorly. A paper published in Injury in 1996 showed that less than 10% of @entity1 with an @entity130 had the diagnosis made by the first physician to see them and that the average delay from first presentation to diagnosis was 21 months. The aim of our study was to investigate whether an improvement has been made over the last two decades in diagnosing @entity130 . METHODS: We identified 160 @entity1 who had an ACL reconstruction performed by a single surgeon between October 2004 and December 2011 and for whom a complete data set was available. Data was extracted retrospectively from the hospital notes and a dedicated @entity1 database. We performed a sub-group analysis comparing @entity1 seen prior to the introduction of an @entity131 clinic in April 2007 and @entity1 seen after the introduction of the clinic. RESULTS: 75.1% (120/160) of @entity1 presented first to an @entity341 ( @entity341 ) or to their general practitioner (GP), but only 14.4% (23/160) were diagnosed on initial presentation. The median number of healthcare professionals a @entity1 saw prior to a diagnosis of @entity130 was 3. The median delay from @entity130 was 0 weeks (range 0-885), injury to diagnosis 13 weeks (0-926), presentation to diagnosis 10 weeks (0-924), presentation to a specialist knee clinic 24 weeks (0-1006), and specialist knee clinic to surgery 13 weeks (0-102). The median total time from injury to surgery was 42 weeks (0-1047). Following the implementation of an @entity131 clinic in 2007, the median delay from presentation to surgery dropped from 59 weeks to 36 weeks (p = 0.050) and there was a significant decrease in the median delay from specialist knee clinic to surgery from 23 to 11 weeks (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Over the past two decades there appears to have been little improvement in the early diagnosis of @entity130 , with only 14.4% of @entity1 being diagnosed correctly at initial presentation. We recommend further education of emergency and primary care clinicians in the diagnosis of @entity130 , emphasising the importance of the typical history of an @entity130 . The implementation of an @entity131 clinic may help minimise delays to surgery, which should result in better @entity1 outcomes.

title: XXXX : A persistently difficult diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute knee injury']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to presentation', 'ACL injury', 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Anterior cruciate ligament injury']


abstract: The control of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) depends primarily on its prevention at an early stage. It is generally agreed that this depends upon the elimination or treatment of the known risk factors for @entity301 . Among these, hyperlipidaemia occupies a central position. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition is the subject of this statement. Before initiating therapy for primary hyperlipidaemia the common causes of secondary hyperlipidaemia are sought and dealt with, including @entity6 , @entity1375 , over-use of @entity167 , @entity409 and certain drugs. Next, an assessment of all risk factors for @entity301 is carried out, i.e. family history of @entity301 , smoking, @entity101 , high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 measurement, @entity6 and overweight. More intensive therapy is called for in @entity1 with multiple risk factors than in those with lone hyperlipidaemia, and also after successful bypass operation or after coronary angioplasty. Evaluation of hyperlipidaemia in the @entity1 's family is often appropriate. The diagnosis and follow-up of the hyperlipidaemic @entity1 depend on reliable and well-controlled laboratory support. The primary hyperlipidaemias include several distinct diseases that are characterized by elevated serum levels of @entity165 and/or @entity412 with or without abnormally low levels of HDL @entity165 . From these measurements, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels are calculated [except when @entity412 levels are greater than 500 mg dl-1 (5.6 mmol l-1)]. Elevated LDL levels are causally important in @entity731 , and occur in three disorders: @entity4310 , @entity6340 and common hypercholesterolaemia. The finding of elevated serum @entity412 without marked hypercholesterolaemia may occur in @entity4310 and sometimes in @entity6340 . Elevation of serum @entity165 and @entity412 can have several genetic bases, including remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia and @entity6340 . The characteristic feature of remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia (demonstrated by ultracentrifugation in a specialized laboratory) is the presence of @entity165 and @entity412 -rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas combined (mixed) hyperlipidaemia is diagnosed when both VLDL (of normal composition) and LDL levels are elevated. Investigation of other family members is necessary to make the diagnosis of @entity6340 . It depends on the identification of different lipoprotein profiles in affected members of the same family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The recognition and management of hyperlipidaemia in adults: A policy statement of the XXXX Society.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['familial combined hyperlipidaemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['renal and liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypertriglyceridaemia', 'familial hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['European Atherosclerosis']


abstract: 38 @entity1 with @entity978 underwent laparotomy with splenectomy as restaging procedure after first line chemotherapy which included MOPP, ABVD, or both. 28 @entity1 were judged to be in clinical complete remission (CR) and 10 were resistant or had relapsed. Among @entity1 in CR, 27 (96%) were confirmed to be in pathological CR; among @entity1 resistant or relapsed, 9 (90%) were confirmed to have disease in the abdomen or retroperitoneum. The therapy for @entity1 in clinical remission before laparotomy consisted of TNI or sTNI in 19 @entity1 , mediastinal radiation in 6 @entity1 and no further therapy in the remaining 3 @entity1 . No significant differences were seen in survival and relapse-free survival between those @entity1 treated by extensive and those treated by local radiotherapy or no further therapy. Instead, among those @entity1 who received extensive radiotherapy 3 developed @entity981 ( @entity981 ). The therapy for this group of @entity1 consisted of further chemotherapy in 7 who had concomitant liver involvement and TNI in the remaining 3 who had the disease confined to the spleen and/or lymph nodes. Among these @entity1 , only 3 obtained CR; 2 with radiation and 1 who was resistant to MOPP, with ABVD. This study leads us to re-consider the role of laparotomy in @entity5 which should be used as non-routine procedure only in selected @entity1 without poor prognostic factors who may be cured by radiotherapy alone. In @entity1 resistant to chemotherapy, an early evaluation of disease in the abdomen may be useful for a better salvage treatment.

title: Critical value of laparotomy with splenectomy in XXXX as restaging procedure after chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["stage III Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphoid leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III HD']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['stage III Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials and spontaneous @entity943 detected early after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. DESIGN: Prospective observational. SETTING: Cardiology department of a teaching hospital. METHODS: Between June 1984 and June 1991, 104 @entity1 (63 @entity1 , 41 @entity1 ) were studied by signal averaging and 24 hour ambulatory monitoring after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Mean (SD) age at operation was 6 (3) years, mean interval between operation and evaluation was 8 (25) months, and the follow up after evaluation was one to 88 (mean 30) months. RESULTS: Ventricular late potentials were detected in 24/104 @entity1 (23%) and spontaneous @entity943 in 39/96 @entity1 (38%); usually (in 81%) these were unifocal and rare. @entity1 with ventricular late potentials were older at operation than @entity1 without late potentials (9 (3) v 6 (3) years, P = 0.002). No correlation was found between the presence of ventricular late potentials and the presence or complexity of spontaneous @entity943 early after operation. During the mean follow up of 2.5 years no case of @entity944 or sustained @entity1165 was found. CONCLUSION: Short-term prognosis after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot is good; ventricular late potentials and spontaneous @entity943 are often detected shortly after operation, but in the medium term follow up they do not predict @entity944 or serious @entity943 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and spontaneous XXXX after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot: do they have prognostic value?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies on @entity5646 ( @entity5647 ), a new synthetic @entity16397 antibiotic, were performed and following results were obtained. Concentration of @entity5647 was examined in serum, internal genital tissues and retroperitoneal fluid after a single intravenous administration of 1 g dose. The venous serum level of @entity5647 was 114.0 micrograms/ml at 10 minutes after the administration, then decreased to 7.0 micrograms/ml at 3 hours. Since concentration of @entity5647 in examined tissues showed wide variation, it was irrelevant to calculate transfer ratio. Concentration in retroperitoneal fluid made the peak of 40.0 +/- 22.6 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the administration, then slowly decreased to 13.4 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. Judging from above data, the transfer of @entity5647 to retroperitoneal fluid was favorable. In clinical trial, @entity5647 was given to 17 cases with obstetrical and @entity281 such as @entity7288 , uterine @entity4134 , @entity298 , @entity12945 and lymphocystitis. The efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 2 cases, good in 12 and poor in 3, and efficacy rate was 82.4%. No side effects were observed in any of the cases. In laboratory findings, transient elevation of liver function in 2 cases and @entity1712 in 1 case were noticed.

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies on XXXX in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity16397 :: ('CHEBI:50695', 'Chemical') :: ['monobactam']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological infections']

entities_list: @entity12945 :: ('MESH:D010249', 'Disease') :: ['parametritis']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexitis']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity5646 :: (MESH:D001398,Chemical) :: ['aztreonam']


abstract: The role of cross-sectional pelvic imaging with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and fine needle aspiration in the assessment of pelvic lymph nodes in @entity1 with @entity263 is undefined. To address this issue we used formal decision analysis, comparing an imaging arm to a no imaging arm. @entity1 utility values were calculated, and test parameters and complication rates were extracted from the literature. Imaging was superior to no imaging only when the pretest probability of pelvic lymph node @entity3 was high. The most important parameter was the sensitivity of cross-sectional imaging for lymphadenopathy. When the sensitivity was 36%, which was the baseline figure derived from the literature, the probability of lymph node @entity3 required for imaging to be beneficial overall was 32%. We also performed a retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging examinations at our institution in 174 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 and pathological confirmation of nodal status. The sensitivity for detecting nodal @entity3 was 25%. With this figure, the estimated probability of nodal @entity3 required to make imaging beneficial would be 45%, which is possible to achieve with highly selective clinical criteria. With a policy of imaging only in select @entity1 the marginal cost is  794 per @entity1 benefited (aborted radical prostatectomy because of nodal @entity3 detected with fine needle aspiration) compared to  50,661 per @entity1 benefited if all @entity1 are imaged. Thus, cross-sectional pelvic imaging before radical prostatectomy, solely for the purpose of detecting pelvic lymph node @entity3 , is not justified routinely. However, it is worthwhile on the basis of @entity1 use values and cost-effectiveness in a select group of @entity1 at high risk for nodal @entity3 .

title: The use and accuracy of cross-sectional imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology for detection of pelvic lymph node XXXX before radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: To evaluate the role of gamma delta T cells in @entity12131 , we examined the relationship among @entity565 , and genetic polymorphism of the gamma chain of @entity6057 ( @entity6057 ) in families through @entity1097 . We recruited 5 families (69 subjects). Total serum IgE levels were estimated by a radioimmunosorbent test (IgE RIST). Skin prick tests were done with inhaled allergens consisting of house dust, grass and tree pollens, common molds, and animal danders. Antigen-specific IgE levels in response to these allergens were also measured by multiple antigen simultaneous test (IgE MAST). The @entity1097 phenotype was determined by the presence of a positive skin test, an elevated antigen specific IgE value, an elevated total IgE level, or some combination of these. Although linkage of @entity565 to the gene encoding the gamma chain of @entity6057 was excluded, the lod score between this gene and molds-specific IgE responses was 0.42 at the recombination fraction of 0.1. In an association study, a 19 kb allele of the gamma chain of the @entity6057 gene was found more frequently in asthmatic subjects than in non-asthmatic subjects (p = 0.068). Also, molds-specific IgE responses were significantly associated with this allele (p = 0.018). These findings suggest that molds-specific IgE responses underlying @entity12131 are partly regulated by the gene encoding the gamma chain of the @entity6057 .

title: [Immunoregulatory role of gamma delta T cell receptor in XXXX --association with the IgE response to molds antigen].

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['atopy or bronchial asthma', 'atopy bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic', 'atopic asthmatic probands']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity6057 :: ('6962', 'Gene') :: ['T cell receptors', 'TCR']

answer: @entity12131 :: (MESH:C565292,Disease) :: ['atopic asthma']


abstract: @entity4688 effectively decreases hematocrits in @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We studied the effect of @entity4688 withdrawal on erythropoiesis in 18 @entity1 with @entity8 who had been treated for 13 +/- 8 months. Hematocrit, reticulocyte count, plasma @entity1307 , and plasma insulin-like growth factor I were measured biweekly for six weeks. Red cell mass, plasma volume, @entity69 saturation, and plasma @entity2178 were measured at withdrawal and six weeks later. Hematocrit increased by at least 0.04 in 13 @entity1 ('responders') but changed by -0.08 to 0.01 in five @entity1 ('nonresponders'). In the responder subgroup, hematocrit increased from 0.43 +/- 0.05 to 0.51 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.001), red cell mass increased from 25.4 +/- 5.9 to 28.9 +/- 5.9 ml/kg body weight (P < 0.001), and @entity69 saturation decreased from 41 +/- 16 to 27 +/- 9 percent (P < 0.01). Reticulocyte count increased two weeks after withdrawal of @entity4688 . Plasma volume did not change significantly. No measurement changed in the nonresponder subgroup. Plasma levels of @entity1307 , total erythroid stimulating activity, insulin-like growth factor I, and @entity2178 did not change significantly in either subgroup. Enalaprilat did not inhibit erythropoiesis in cell culture. Thus, erythropoiesis increased in 13 of 18 @entity1 after stopping @entity4688 and was independent of changes in circulating concentrations of several erythropoietic factors, including @entity1307 . The pathogenesis of @entity8 and mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of @entity1289 inhibition remain undetermined.

title: Erythropoiesis after withdrawal of XXXX in post-transplant erythrocytosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PTE', 'postrenal transplant erythrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: The histological, electroencephalographic, behavioral changes as well as the changes in the intensity threshold of stimulation necessary to induce contralateral turning were studied in 16 @entity468 , in which @entity4176 (KA) was injected locally into the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex (P-LP). In 13 @entity468 a stainless-steel tube with two attached electrodes was implanted in P-LP, and electrodes were also implanted in the ipsilateral dorsal hippocampus, the superior colliculus and the caudate nucleus. KA was injected through the tube using a 10 microliters Hamilton syringe. In other 3 @entity468 , KA was injected stereotaxically through the needle of the Hamilton syringe and two electrodes were implanted in these areas after withdrawal of the syringe. The intensity thresholds of stimulation required to induce turning behavior were controlled before and after KA administration in the 13 @entity468 with an implanted tube and only after KA injections in the three @entity468 without a tube; in these instances the current threshold of the contralateral P-LP served as control. The histological results showed a moderate KA damage of the P-LP, with @entity528 and @entity5219 and additional involvement, in all the experiments, of the dorsal hippocampus; however, passage fibers were spared by the lesions. A dose-dependent @entity302 effect of KA was seen, which was slight with the 3 micrograms dose and intense with 6 micrograms. The EEG recording showed a prominent and almost simultaneous @entity302 involvement of the hippocampus and the P-LP after KA, with less involvement of the other implanted structures. Turning behavior induced by electrical stimulation of the P-LP was suppressed when the electrode tip was located inside the lesioned area. When the electrode tip was placed inside a slight or moderate damaged tissue, a significative increase in current threshold was found, and finally when the tip of the electrode was outside the lesioned area no change in threshold was observed. These findings do not contradict our previous hypothesis of an intrinsic cholinergic mechanism involved in the turning response evoked by P-LP electrical stimulation, although it cannot be excluded that fibers coming presumably from the superior colliculus or pretectum may contribute to the response.

title: Morpho-functional effects of XXXX injection into the cat's pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex.

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['destruction of neuronal soma']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: In order to investigate the prolonged @entity2346 media with effusion, hydrolytic activities for specific substrates of @entity1351 and plasminogen activator (P.G.-activator) and the activity for fibrin degradation (fibrinolysis) were measured. Materials were middle ear fluids of 36 cases diagnosed as @entity2346 media with effusion. Age of the @entity1 were from 28 to 88 years old (mean: 61.3). Using specific substrates, determinations of P.G.-activator activity and @entity1351 activity were made by the method of Claeson et al. and fibrinolysis was determined by the standard fibrin plate. The results are shown below: 1) Both activities for decomposition of @entity6346 against the specific substrates of @entity1351 and of P.G.-activator were revealed. 2) Concerning fibrinolysis in all cases, we divided them into 3 groups; fibrinolysis (-) group of 8 cases (22.2%) which could not dissolve fibrin at all, fibrinolysis (+) group of 17 cases (47.2%) which could dissolve fibrin. Fibrinolysis (+/-) group of 11 cases (30.6%) of which the presence of fibrin dissolution was unknown. 3) The progress of fibrinolysis was observed by serial collection of middle ear fluid in the same side ear of 5 cases out of 17 cases having much activity for fibrin degradation, and lowering of fibrinolytic activity was revealed in 4 out of these 5 cases as the result. On the basis of these results, we discussed on the process of prolongation in this disease from the standpoint of the presence of fibrinolytic activity in the middle ear fluid.

title: Fibrinolytic activity of middle ear fluid in XXXX media with effusion.

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral otitis', 'factors of otitis']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: @entity15945 -induced @entity159 was studied by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) to determine the time course and structural features of @entity528 in the vulnerable brain regions in @entity302 . The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were examined after closely spaced recovery periods of up to 1 week. The results showed that acidophilic neurons appeared simultaneously in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and that this occurred within 1 h following the end of the @entity302 . The corresponding features of acidophilic neurons by EM were mitochondrial flocculent densities and large discontinuities in cell and nuclear membranes. Dark neurons were ubiquitous during the @entity302 , but recovered almost universally. A few dark neuronal forms persisted and underwent cytorrhexis after 12-h recovery or longer. Axon-sparing dendritic lesions characteristic of excitotoxic @entity528 were found in the neuropil of the neocortex, and in both vulnerable @entity1399 and resistant @entity1400 neurons of the hippocampus. Other than acute @entity4 , glial changes were absent. The findings support an excitotoxic mechanism in @entity302 -induced selective @entity528 also in brain regions outside the hippocampus, and contrast with previous reports in @entity63 and @entity4053 in that @entity528 occurs virtually immediately after an @entity302 insult. No "maturation" of cell damage, as described in @entity63 , was seen. Furthermore, even exceedingly dark neuronal forms and massive @entity4 must be considered sub-lethal or prelethal cellular changes. Lethal cellular changes include acidophilia by LM, cell membrane breaks, and mitochondrial flocculent densities by EM.

title: The nature and timing of XXXX in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus due to @entity15945 -induced @entity159 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'dendritic swelling']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity15945 :: ('MESH:D005481', 'Chemical') :: ['Flurothyl']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal necrosis', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['excitotoxic neuronal necrosis']


abstract: @entity15945 -induced @entity159 was studied by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) to determine the time course and structural features of @entity528 in the vulnerable brain regions in @entity302 . The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were examined after closely spaced recovery periods of up to 1 week. The results showed that acidophilic neurons appeared simultaneously in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and that this occurred within 1 h following the end of the @entity302 . The corresponding features of acidophilic neurons by EM were mitochondrial flocculent densities and large discontinuities in cell and nuclear membranes. Dark neurons were ubiquitous during the @entity302 , but recovered almost universally. A few dark neuronal forms persisted and underwent cytorrhexis after 12-h recovery or longer. Axon-sparing dendritic lesions characteristic of excitotoxic @entity528 were found in the neuropil of the neocortex, and in both vulnerable @entity1399 and resistant @entity1400 neurons of the hippocampus. Other than acute @entity4 , glial changes were absent. The findings support an excitotoxic mechanism in @entity302 -induced selective @entity528 also in brain regions outside the hippocampus, and contrast with previous reports in @entity63 and @entity4053 in that @entity528 occurs virtually immediately after an @entity302 insult. No "maturation" of cell damage, as described in @entity63 , was seen. Furthermore, even exceedingly dark neuronal forms and massive @entity4 must be considered sub-lethal or prelethal cellular changes. Lethal cellular changes include acidophilia by LM, cell membrane breaks, and mitochondrial flocculent densities by EM.

title: The nature and timing of @entity528 in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus due to @entity15945 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: @entity15945 -induced @entity159 was studied by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) to determine the time course and structural features of @entity528 in the vulnerable brain regions in @entity302 . The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were examined after closely spaced recovery periods of up to 1 week. The results showed that acidophilic neurons appeared simultaneously in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and that this occurred within 1 h following the end of the @entity302 . The corresponding features of acidophilic neurons by EM were mitochondrial flocculent densities and large discontinuities in cell and nuclear membranes. Dark neurons were ubiquitous during the @entity302 , but recovered almost universally. A few dark neuronal forms persisted and underwent cytorrhexis after 12-h recovery or longer. Axon-sparing dendritic lesions characteristic of excitotoxic @entity528 were found in the neuropil of the neocortex, and in both vulnerable @entity1399 and resistant @entity1400 neurons of the hippocampus. Other than acute @entity4 , glial changes were absent. The findings support an excitotoxic mechanism in @entity302 -induced selective @entity528 also in brain regions outside the hippocampus, and contrast with previous reports in @entity63 and @entity4053 in that @entity528 occurs virtually immediately after an @entity302 insult. No "maturation" of cell damage, as described in @entity63 , was seen. Furthermore, even exceedingly dark neuronal forms and massive @entity4 must be considered sub-lethal or prelethal cellular changes. Lethal cellular changes include acidophilia by LM, cell membrane breaks, and mitochondrial flocculent densities by EM.

title: The nature and timing of @entity528 in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus due to XXXX -induced @entity159 .

answer: @entity15945 :: (MESH:D005481,Chemical) :: ['flurothyl']


abstract: Splenectomy in @entity1 with the Norrbottnian type of @entity1120 is followed by increased blood levels of @entity19831 and impaired neurological and mental status. High blood levels are associated with an increased accumulation of @entity19831 in perivascular Gaucher cells in the brain compared to non-splenectomised cases. Surrounding the Gaucher cell infiltrates there is loss of neurons and slight @entity3026 . The brains of four cases with the Norrbottnian type of @entity1120 were examined by immunohistochemical stains in an attempt to further characterize the perivascular Gaucher cells and to examine the reactions of the vessel walls and brain parenchyma to the accumulation of Gaucher cells. The perivascular storage cells showed granular staining with antibodies to muramidase and alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin confirming that they are blood-derived macrophages belonging to the monocyte-macrophage system. The Gaucher cells contained material positive for antisera to plasma proteins strongly suggesting that large molecules (including @entity19831 ) can escape from the blood and be taken up by the macrophages in @entity1120 . The storage cells were surrounded by a reticulin network stained by antisera to collagen type III, type IV and laminin. The infiltrates were bounded from the brain parenchyma by a membrane strongly positive with antiserum for the basal lamina protein collagen type IV and laminin. The formation of a basal lamina around the Gaucher cell cuffs probably constitutes a protective phenomenon governing the brain parenchyma against the foreign cells. A focal loss of neurons but only minor loss of axons could be demonstrated with the antiserum to neurofilament.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reactions of vessel walls and brain parenchyma to the accumulation of Gaucher cells in the Norrbottnian type (type III) of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination in the brain parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity19831 :: ('CHEBI:36500', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric anesthesia-related @entity1167 (ARCA) is an uncommon but potentially preventable adverse event. @entity1 and @entity1 with more severe underlying disease are at highest risk. We aimed to identify system- and anesthesiologist-related risk factors for ARCA. METHODS: We analyzed a prospectively collected @entity1 cohort data set of anesthetics administered from 2000 to 2011 to @entity1 at a large tertiary pediatric hospital. Pre-procedure systemic disease level was characterized by ASA physical status (ASA-PS). Two reviewers independently reviewed cardiac arrests and categorized their anesthesia relatedness. Factors associated with ARCA in the univariate analyses were identified for reevaluation after adjustment for @entity1 age and ASA-PS. RESULTS: @entity1167 occurred in 142 of 276,209 anesthetics (incidence 5.1/10,000 anesthetics); 72 (2.6/10,000 anesthetics) were classified as anesthesia-related. In the univariate analyses, risk of ARCA was much higher in cardiac @entity1 and for anesthesiologists with lower annual caseload and/or fewer annual days delivering anesthetics (all P < 0.001). Anesthesiologists with the highest academic rank and years of experience also had higher odds of ARCA (P = 0.02). After risk adjustment for ASA-PS >= III and age  <=6 months, however, the association with lower annual days delivering anesthetics remained (P = 0.03), but the other factors were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Case-mix explained most associations between higher risk of pediatric ARCA and anesthesiologist-related variables at our institution, but the association with fewer annual days delivering anesthetics remained. Our findings highlight the need for rigorous adjustment for @entity1 risk factors in anesthesia @entity1 safety studies.

title: Anesthesiologist- and System-Related Risk Factors for Risk-Adjusted Pediatric Anesthesia-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: Velocity-encoded cine-magnetic resonance imaging (VEC-MRI) is a new method for quantitation of blood flow with the potential to measure high-velocity jets across stenotic valves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of VEC-MRI to measure transmitral velocity in @entity1 with @entity4794 . Sixteen @entity1 with known @entity4794 were studied. A 1.5 Tesla superconducting magnet was used to obtain velocity-encoded images in the left ventricular short-axis plane. Images were obtained throughout the cardiac cycle at 3 consecutive slices beginning proximal to the mitral coaptation point. To determine the optimal slice thickness for MRI imaging, both 10 mm and 5 mm thicknesses were used. Echocardiography including continuous-wave Doppler was performed on every @entity1 within 2 hours of MRI imaging. Peak velocity was determined for both VEC-MRI and Doppler-echo images. Two observers independently measured the VEC-MRI mitral inflow velocities. Of the 16 @entity1 , imaged data were incomplete in only 1 study, and all images were adequate for analysis. Strong correlations were found for measurements of mitral valve gradient for both 10 mm (peak r = 0.89, mean r = 0.84) and 5 mm (peak r = 0.82, mean r = 0.95) slice thicknesses. Measurements of peak velocity with VEC-MRI (10 mm) agreed well with Doppler: mean 1.46 m/s, mean of differences (Doppler MRI) 0.38 m/s, standard deviation of differences 0.2 m/s. These findings suggest that VEC-MRI can noninvasively determine the severity of @entity4794 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX with velocity-encoded cine-magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A history of @entity2209 is universally accepted as an indication for antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Our goal was to examine when fetal testing should begin in an otherwise healthy @entity1 with a history of @entity2209 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a nonconcurrent cohort study of @entity1 who were seen for antepartum surveillance from January 1979 to December 1991 with a history of @entity2209 as the only indication for testing. Subsequent pregnancies were evaluated for adverse outcomes and abnormal antepartum test results. RESULTS: There was one case of recurrent @entity2209 among the 300 study @entity1 . Nineteen @entity1 (6.4%) had one or more positive antepartum surveillance tests (positive contraction stress test or biophysical profile < or = 4). Three @entity1 (1%) had positive tests before 32 weeks, all of whom were subsequently delivered without incident at term. Three @entity1 were delivered for positive tests at < 36 weeks, one by cesarean section for fetal distress. We could not detect a relationship between the gestational age of the previous stillborn and the incidence of abnormal tests or fetal distress in subsequent pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Antepartum surveillance should begin at > or = 32 weeks in the healthy pregnant @entity1 with a history of @entity2209 .

title: Antepartum surveillance for a history of XXXX : when to begin?

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2209 :: (MESH:D050497,Disease) :: ['stillbirth']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs used for the treatment of @entity1 @entity302 is reviewed for @entity235 and @entity468 . In @entity235 , especially @entity109 and @entity8821 must be regarded as useful drugs for chronic treatment on account of their elimination rate and bioavailability. @entity3174 , @entity2049 , @entity1092 and @entity1245 are eliminated so rapidly that a therapeutic value cannot be expected. In @entity468 , @entity3174 , @entity109 , @entity1092 and @entity3175 must be regarded as suited for chronic treatment, but there is a definite lack of clinical experience. @entity109 and @entity8821 are useful for treatment of @entity410 (grand mal) in @entity235 . The effect of @entity8821 depends mostly on its metabolite @entity109 . Since @entity8821 , given in high dosage for longer periods of time, gives rise to @entity409 , @entity109 is regarded as the drug of first choice. A @entity159 may be treated by i.v. injection of @entity3175 , @entity2053 , @entity3174 or @entity3303 . In @entity468 with grand mal, treatment with daily doses of about 1 mg/kg @entity3175 may be tried. It proved effective for longer time periods without development of tolerance. There is no reliable clinical experience with other drugs in this species.

title: [Pharmacologic principles in the treatment of XXXX in the @entity235 and cat].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['clonic-tonic generalized seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['primidone']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs used for the treatment of @entity1 @entity302 is reviewed for @entity235 and @entity468 . In @entity235 , especially @entity109 and @entity8821 must be regarded as useful drugs for chronic treatment on account of their elimination rate and bioavailability. @entity3174 , @entity2049 , @entity1092 and @entity1245 are eliminated so rapidly that a therapeutic value cannot be expected. In @entity468 , @entity3174 , @entity109 , @entity1092 and @entity3175 must be regarded as suited for chronic treatment, but there is a definite lack of clinical experience. @entity109 and @entity8821 are useful for treatment of @entity410 (grand mal) in @entity235 . The effect of @entity8821 depends mostly on its metabolite @entity109 . Since @entity8821 , given in high dosage for longer periods of time, gives rise to @entity409 , @entity109 is regarded as the drug of first choice. A @entity159 may be treated by i.v. injection of @entity3175 , @entity2053 , @entity3174 or @entity3303 . In @entity468 with grand mal, treatment with daily doses of about 1 mg/kg @entity3175 may be tried. It proved effective for longer time periods without development of tolerance. There is no reliable clinical experience with other drugs in this species.

title: [Pharmacologic principles in the treatment of @entity302 in the XXXX and cat].

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Recent controversies surrounding models of modern @entity1 origins have focused on among-group variation, particularly the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the dating of population divergence. Problems in tree estimation have been seen as weakening the case for a replacement model and favoring a multiregional evolution model. There has been less discussion of patterns of within-group variation, although the mtDNA evidence has consistently shown the greatest diversity within African populations. Problems of interpretation abound given the numerous factors that can influence within-group variation, including the possibility of earlier divergence, differences in population size, patterns of population expansion, and variation in @entity4222 rates. We present a model of within-group phenotypic variation and apply it to a large set of craniometric data representing major Old World geographic regions (57 measurements for 1,159 cases in four regions: Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Australasia, and the Far East). The model predicts a linear relationship between variation within populations (the average within-group variance) and variation between populations (the genetic distance of populations to pooled phenotypic means). On a global level this relationship should hold if the long-term effective population sizes of each region are correctly specified. Other potential effects on within-group variation are accounted for by the model. Comparison of observed and expected variances under the assumption of equal effective sizes for four regions indicates significantly greater within-group variation in Africa and significantly less within-group variation in Europe. These results suggest that the long-term effective population size was greatest in Africa. Closer examination of the model suggests that the long-term African effective size was roughly three times that of any other geographic region. Using these estimates of relative population size, we present a method for analyzing ancient population structure, which provides estimates of ancient @entity4222 . This method allows us to reconstruct @entity4222 history between geographic regions after adjustment for the effect of genetic drift on interpopulational distances. Our results show a clear isolation of Africa from other regions. We then present a method that allows direct estimation of the ancient @entity4222 matrix, thus providing us with information on the actual extent of interregional @entity4222 . These methods also provide estimates of time frames necessary to reach genetic equilibrium. The ultimate goal is extracting as much information from present-day patterns of @entity1 variation relevant to issues of @entity1 origins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Craniometric variation, genetic theory, and modern XXXX origins.

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the long-term risk of @entity64 after coronary artery bypass grafting in @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 who underwent primary coronary artery bypass grafting in Sweden from 2000 through 2011 were included from the SWEDEHEART register. We excluded @entity1 with prior @entity64 , and @entity1 who had a @entity64 or died within 30 days of surgery. The National @entity6 Register was used to identify @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Incident @entity64 ( @entity63 and hemorrhagic), and all-cause mortality was obtained by record linkage with the National @entity1 Register and the Cause of Death register. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate the risk of @entity64 in relation to @entity164 of @entity6 . A total of 53 820 @entity1 ( @entity164 1 @entity6 [n=714], @entity164 2 @entity6 [n=10 054], no @entity6 [n=43 052]) were included. During a mean follow-up of 7.4 years (398 337 @entity1 -years), in total, 8.0% (n=4296) of the @entity1 had a @entity64 : 7.3% (n=52) in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , 9.1% (n=915) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , and 7.7% (n=3329) in @entity1 with no @entity6 . The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for all @entity64 was 1.59 (1.20-2.11) in @entity164 1 @entity6 , and 1.32 (1.23-1.43) in @entity164 2 @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The long-term risk for @entity64 after coronary artery bypass grafting was increased in @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , compared to @entity1 with no @entity6 .

title: Long-Term Risk of XXXX in @entity1 With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the long-term risk of @entity64 after coronary artery bypass grafting in @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 who underwent primary coronary artery bypass grafting in Sweden from 2000 through 2011 were included from the SWEDEHEART register. We excluded @entity1 with prior @entity64 , and @entity1 who had a @entity64 or died within 30 days of surgery. The National @entity6 Register was used to identify @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Incident @entity64 ( @entity63 and hemorrhagic), and all-cause mortality was obtained by record linkage with the National @entity1 Register and the Cause of Death register. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate the risk of @entity64 in relation to @entity164 of @entity6 . A total of 53 820 @entity1 ( @entity164 1 @entity6 [n=714], @entity164 2 @entity6 [n=10 054], no @entity6 [n=43 052]) were included. During a mean follow-up of 7.4 years (398 337 @entity1 -years), in total, 8.0% (n=4296) of the @entity1 had a @entity64 : 7.3% (n=52) in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , 9.1% (n=915) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , and 7.7% (n=3329) in @entity1 with no @entity6 . The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for all @entity64 was 1.59 (1.20-2.11) in @entity164 1 @entity6 , and 1.32 (1.23-1.43) in @entity164 2 @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The long-term risk for @entity64 after coronary artery bypass grafting was increased in @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , compared to @entity1 with no @entity6 .

title: Long-Term Risk of @entity64 in XXXX With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delayed @entity1756 and delayed @entity548 (DIPH) are poorly understood and often fatal complications of @entity450 ( @entity450 ) for @entity438 . The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for these complications. METHODS: We performed a systematic review on post- @entity450 delayed @entity1756 and DIPH. For each reported case, we collected the following information: @entity439 location, size and @entity397 status, type of flow diverter used, timing of the @entity548 , and neurological outcome. We reported descriptive statistics of @entity1 suffering DIPH and delayed @entity1756 to determine if there were any characteristics consistently present among @entity1 with these complications. RESULTS: We identified 81 delayed @entity1756 and 101 DIPH. Of the delayed @entity397 , 76.6  % (45/58) occurred within 1  month. The prognosis of delayed @entity397 was poor, with 81.3  % (61/75) experiencing @entity204 or poor neurological outcome. @entity439 accounted for 46.3  % of @entity397 (31/67). Of these @entity439 , 80.9  % (55/68) were initially unruptured. Of the delayed @entity1756 , 17.8  % (13/73) had prior or concomitant coiling. DIPHs were ipsilateral to the treated @entity439 in 82.2  % (60/73) of cases. Of the DIPH, 86.0  % (43/50) occurred within 1  month after FDS. Combined morbidity/mortality rate was 68.5  % (50/73) following DIPH. Of DIPHs, 23.0  % (14/61) occurred in @entity1 with @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity439 represent almost 50  % of delayed @entity1756 in the flow diverter literature. About 20  % of delayed @entity397 occurred despite associated coiling. A substantial proportion of DIPHs occur early following FDS treatment of @entity439 .

title: Delayed XXXX after @entity450 for @entity438 : a literature overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'intraparenchymal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysm ruptures', 'aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['FD', 'flow diversion']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'Giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic complications']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delayed @entity1756 and delayed @entity548 (DIPH) are poorly understood and often fatal complications of @entity450 ( @entity450 ) for @entity438 . The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for these complications. METHODS: We performed a systematic review on post- @entity450 delayed @entity1756 and DIPH. For each reported case, we collected the following information: @entity439 location, size and @entity397 status, type of flow diverter used, timing of the @entity548 , and neurological outcome. We reported descriptive statistics of @entity1 suffering DIPH and delayed @entity1756 to determine if there were any characteristics consistently present among @entity1 with these complications. RESULTS: We identified 81 delayed @entity1756 and 101 DIPH. Of the delayed @entity397 , 76.6  % (45/58) occurred within 1  month. The prognosis of delayed @entity397 was poor, with 81.3  % (61/75) experiencing @entity204 or poor neurological outcome. @entity439 accounted for 46.3  % of @entity397 (31/67). Of these @entity439 , 80.9  % (55/68) were initially unruptured. Of the delayed @entity1756 , 17.8  % (13/73) had prior or concomitant coiling. DIPHs were ipsilateral to the treated @entity439 in 82.2  % (60/73) of cases. Of the DIPH, 86.0  % (43/50) occurred within 1  month after FDS. Combined morbidity/mortality rate was 68.5  % (50/73) following DIPH. Of DIPHs, 23.0  % (14/61) occurred in @entity1 with @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity439 represent almost 50  % of delayed @entity1756 in the flow diverter literature. About 20  % of delayed @entity397 occurred despite associated coiling. A substantial proportion of DIPHs occur early following FDS treatment of @entity439 .

title: Delayed @entity548 after XXXX for @entity438 : a literature overview.

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['flow diversion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delayed @entity1756 and delayed @entity548 (DIPH) are poorly understood and often fatal complications of @entity450 ( @entity450 ) for @entity438 . The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for these complications. METHODS: We performed a systematic review on post- @entity450 delayed @entity1756 and DIPH. For each reported case, we collected the following information: @entity439 location, size and @entity397 status, type of flow diverter used, timing of the @entity548 , and neurological outcome. We reported descriptive statistics of @entity1 suffering DIPH and delayed @entity1756 to determine if there were any characteristics consistently present among @entity1 with these complications. RESULTS: We identified 81 delayed @entity1756 and 101 DIPH. Of the delayed @entity397 , 76.6  % (45/58) occurred within 1  month. The prognosis of delayed @entity397 was poor, with 81.3  % (61/75) experiencing @entity204 or poor neurological outcome. @entity439 accounted for 46.3  % of @entity397 (31/67). Of these @entity439 , 80.9  % (55/68) were initially unruptured. Of the delayed @entity1756 , 17.8  % (13/73) had prior or concomitant coiling. DIPHs were ipsilateral to the treated @entity439 in 82.2  % (60/73) of cases. Of the DIPH, 86.0  % (43/50) occurred within 1  month after FDS. Combined morbidity/mortality rate was 68.5  % (50/73) following DIPH. Of DIPHs, 23.0  % (14/61) occurred in @entity1 with @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity439 represent almost 50  % of delayed @entity1756 in the flow diverter literature. About 20  % of delayed @entity397 occurred despite associated coiling. A substantial proportion of DIPHs occur early following FDS treatment of @entity439 .

title: Delayed @entity548 after @entity450 for XXXX : a literature overview.

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity3124 may be associated with @entity79 and loss of @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Prospective evidence describing long-term changes in @entity79 after @entity3124 is needed to further define this relationship. OBJECTIVES: To measure the change in @entity79 and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in subjects 1 year after @entity3124 compared with population-based control subjects. METHODS: We studied adult @entity1 admitted to a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) who required mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours. We measured clinical characteristics, BTMs, and @entity79 during admission and 1 year after ICU discharge. We compared change in @entity79 to age- and sex-matched control subjects from the Geelong @entity170 Study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 completed @entity79 testing. @entity79 decreased significantly in the year after @entity3124 at both femoral neck and anterior-posterior spine sites. The annual decrease was significantly greater in the ICU cohort compared with matched control subjects (anterior-posterior spine, -1.59%; 95% confidence interval, -2.18 to -1.01; P   <   0.001; femoral neck, -1.20%; 95% confidence interval, -1.69 to -0.70; P   <   0.001). There was a significant increase in 10-year fracture risk for major @entity174 (4.85        5.25 vs. 5.50        5.52; P   <   0.001) and @entity173 (1.57        2.40 vs. 1.79        2.69; P   =   0.001). The pattern of bone resorption markers was consistent with accelerated bone turnover. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3124 individuals experience a significantly greater decrease in @entity79 in the year after admission compared with population-based control subjects. Their bone turnover biomarker pattern is consistent with an increased rate of @entity604 .

title: Changes in Bone Mineral Density in the Year after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'Critically ill', 'Critical illness']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'increased bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critical Illness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A heterogeneous @entity2415 is one of the most severe forms of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). In some cases, besides the standard pharmacotherapy, a new treatment option of @entity2415 can be used - bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) with the use of intrabronchial valves. OBJECTIVES: To examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of @entity1 with severe @entity2415 after intrabronchial valve ( @entity8015 ) implantation for the treatment of one lung. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2011 to 2013 a single centre prospective observational study was performed. The study assessed the effect of the therapeutic BLVR intervention, measured by St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). A statistical analysis by use of Wilcoxon test for dependent variables was performed. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled to the study (mean age 63    10 years), all ex-smokers with @entity286 exposure 38    11.3 packyears. After 3 months of @entity8015 treatment the average SGRQ score improved significantly in total (-12.8; p < 0.001) and in domains and the differences were for: "symptoms" (-8.5; p < 0.001), "activity" (-13.9; p < 0.001) and "influence on life"(-13.5; p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The presented study revealed a significant improvement of the quality in the life measured by SGRQ after @entity8015 treatment for heterogeneous @entity2415 . For the first time our study showed the significant improvement of all three domains of SGRQ after @entity8015 treatment.

title: The influence of lung volume reduction with intrabronchial valves on the quality of life of @entity1 with heterogeneous XXXX - a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A heterogeneous @entity2415 is one of the most severe forms of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). In some cases, besides the standard pharmacotherapy, a new treatment option of @entity2415 can be used - bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) with the use of intrabronchial valves. OBJECTIVES: To examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of @entity1 with severe @entity2415 after intrabronchial valve ( @entity8015 ) implantation for the treatment of one lung. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2011 to 2013 a single centre prospective observational study was performed. The study assessed the effect of the therapeutic BLVR intervention, measured by St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). A statistical analysis by use of Wilcoxon test for dependent variables was performed. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled to the study (mean age 63    10 years), all ex-smokers with @entity286 exposure 38    11.3 packyears. After 3 months of @entity8015 treatment the average SGRQ score improved significantly in total (-12.8; p < 0.001) and in domains and the differences were for: "symptoms" (-8.5; p < 0.001), "activity" (-13.9; p < 0.001) and "influence on life"(-13.5; p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The presented study revealed a significant improvement of the quality in the life measured by SGRQ after @entity8015 treatment for heterogeneous @entity2415 . For the first time our study showed the significant improvement of all three domains of SGRQ after @entity8015 treatment.

title: The influence of lung volume reduction with intrabronchial valves on the quality of life of XXXX with heterogeneous @entity2415 - a prospective study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1327 is taken up by the @entity1 host via the respiratory tract. The polysaccharide capsule is regarded as the pathogenetic principle inhibiting phagocytosis of the fungus by cells of the unspecific host defense. Unspecific opsonization of Cr. n. by early phase proteins causes a rapid and successful elimination in the non-compromised host. In case of non-elimination the presence of Cr. n. capsule antigen in excess results in a downregulation of antibody formation thereby inhibiting specific opsonization. Furthermore the blockade of specific T cells and cytotoxic cells by means of free antigen and/or immunocomplexes causes a downregulation of the cellular immunity: Cr. n. antigens of different character induce T suppressor cells inhibiting cellular immunity via a cascade of effector cells and soluble factors. The @entity791 @entity1 enters @entity1328 in a state comparable to a Cr. n.-infected non- @entity791 @entity1 whose cellular immunity is already downregulated by this @entity3217 itself. Both phenomena--the @entity3217 -induced downregulation of cellular immunity as well as the @entity791 -specific lack of @entity404 helper cells and its consequences--act, therefore, synergistically in the same pathogenetic direction. This explains the fulminant development and sequel of @entity1328 typical with @entity791 @entity1 . Most probably each exposition of an @entity791 @entity1 to Cr. n. results in clinically manifest @entity1328 . The frequence of @entity1328 in @entity791 is, therefore, reflecting the general exposure of @entity1 to Cr. n. in a given region. @entity1328 in @entity791 is at least about 1000x more frequent than @entity1328 in non- @entity791 individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pathogenesis, immunobiology and epidemiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis', 'Cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity1328 :: (MESH:D003453,Disease) :: ['cryptococcosis']