abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas of the skin. There is currently no satisfactory treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a 10-week course of combination @entity3402 300 mg twice daily and @entity1215 300 mg twice daily in the treatment of @entity1751 . METHODS: @entity1 who had received combination therapy with @entity3402 and @entity1215 for @entity1751 at one U.K. Dermatology Centre between the years 1998 and 2003 were identified from pharmacy records. Their records were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity1751 had received treatment with combination therapy. Eight of these @entity1 achieved remission and a further two achieved remission when @entity1214 was substituted for @entity3402 . Four @entity1 were unable to tolerate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This small retrospective study indicates that combination therapy with @entity3402 and @entity1215 may be effective for @entity1751 . However, there is a need for a placebo-controlled trial.

title: @entity3402 and XXXX combination therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa.

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity397 as a result of @entity130 in @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity1641 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity1641 diagnosed with @entity397 resulting from @entity130 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity5891 , 60% @entity548 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity1641 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity5891 , @entity548 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity397 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity1641 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity548 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity1713 (94%), @entity4 and @entity548 (88%), and @entity1713 as a result of @entity548 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity1641 . In small animals, @entity397 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity5891 , @entity548 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity397 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity548 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity548 leading to retinal and @entity1713 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity397 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity1641 it was the limbus.

title: XXXX in @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'subconjunctival hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages', 'suprachoroidal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal edema']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'scleral rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Scleral rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity397 as a result of @entity130 in @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity1641 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity1641 diagnosed with @entity397 resulting from @entity130 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity5891 , 60% @entity548 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity1641 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity5891 , @entity548 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity397 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity1641 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity548 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity1713 (94%), @entity4 and @entity548 (88%), and @entity1713 as a result of @entity548 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity1641 . In small animals, @entity397 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity5891 , @entity548 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity397 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity548 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity548 leading to retinal and @entity1713 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity397 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity1641 it was the limbus.

title: @entity397 in @entity235 , @entity468 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity397 as a result of @entity130 in @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity1641 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity1641 diagnosed with @entity397 resulting from @entity130 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity5891 , 60% @entity548 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity1641 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity5891 , @entity548 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity397 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity1641 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity548 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity1713 (94%), @entity4 and @entity548 (88%), and @entity1713 as a result of @entity548 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity1641 . In small animals, @entity397 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity5891 , @entity548 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity397 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity548 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity548 leading to retinal and @entity1713 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity397 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity1641 it was the limbus.

title: @entity397 in @entity235 , XXXX , and @entity1641 .

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity397 as a result of @entity130 in @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity1641 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity1641 diagnosed with @entity397 resulting from @entity130 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity5891 , 60% @entity548 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity1641 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity5891 , @entity548 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity397 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity1641 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity548 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity1713 (94%), @entity4 and @entity548 (88%), and @entity1713 as a result of @entity548 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity1641 . In small animals, @entity397 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity5891 , @entity548 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity397 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity548 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity548 leading to retinal and @entity1713 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity397 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity1641 it was the limbus.

title: @entity397 in XXXX , @entity468 , and @entity1641 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: There are no standardized definitions for anti- @entity322 therapy outcomes. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the incorporation of several non-invasive outcome measures into a new score may serve as a meaningful outcome instrument. Ninety-four consecutive sphincteric incontinent @entity1 who underwent a pubovaginal sling by a single surgeon were enrolled. All @entity1 underwent a full clinical evaluation, including pre- and post-operative questionnaires, 24-hour voiding diary, and 24-hour pad test. Surgery outcomes were classified twice: First, by analyzing the @entity1 questionnaire, voiding diary, and pad test separately, according to previously published criteria, and second, by combining the three outcome tools into a new response score. The new score was constructed in a simple, easy-to-remember format and divided into five categories: cure, good response, fair response, poor response, and failure. All @entity1 were evaluated at least 1 year post-operatively. Comparison of the old and new classifications suggests that the new response score provides a more accurate evaluation of the surgical outcomes. Although 64 to 69% of the @entity1 were originally classified as cure according to the old classification, only 44.7% were re-classified as cure by the strict criteria employed in the new score. Furthermore, the response score also differentiates between various degrees of clinical improvement (i.e., good, fair, or poor response). Twenty-five (26.6%) @entity1 , most of whom were previously classified as cure, were re-classified as good response, whereas 20 others were re-classified as fair (13. 9%), or poor (7.4%) response. Seven (7.4%) @entity1 were re-classified as surgical failures. All were diagnosed pre-operatively as having complex sphincteric @entity322 . Specific failure rates were therefore 11.3% for complex and 0% for simple cases. In conclusion, the suggested post-operative response score incorporates in a user-friendly format three popular outcome tools (i.e., 24-hour diary, 24-hour pad test, and @entity1 questionnaire) and seems to reflect the surgical results more accurately. Further studies are needed to assess its validity and reproducibility in other treatment modalities. Neurourol Urodynam. 19:127-135, 2000.

title: A simplified urinary XXXX score for the evaluation of treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the success of circumferential ablation of @entity955 and to investigate possible clinical and electroanatomic predictors of recurrence of @entity943 . METHODS: 104 consecutive @entity1 free of structural @entity299 and refractory to at least two antiarrhythmic drugs, and undergoing circumferential ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal/persistent @entity955 were analyzed. Seventy two @entity1 were males and the mean age of the group was 58.6 + 10.9 years. The procedure consisted of a single transseptal puncture and three-dimension mapping using the CARTO system to acquire points in the left atrium and pulmonary veins. Radiofrequency applications were performed encircling the @entity358 , up to a > or = 80% reduction of the atrial potential amplitude. One additional line was created in the mitral isthmus and another in the cavotricuspid isthmus. Total left atrium volume, area ablated around the pulmonary veins, and completeness of the ablation line (complete or incomplete line) were analyzed. A line was considered complete when the distance between two contiguous radiofrequency application points was lower than 10mm. RESULTS: In a mean 18-month follow-up, 87 @entity1 were in sinus rhythm (84%), and 17 @entity1 presented recurrence (16%). In the multivariate analysis, only the left atrial volume (p<0.0001) and complete ablation (p<0.05) were independent predictors of recurrence. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the left atrial volume and the presence of complete ablation are predictive of recurrence of @entity955 .

title: Prognostic criteria of success and recurrence in circumferential ablation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein ostea']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: We examined 149 @entity2 cell lines for homozygous deletions using 24 DNA markers, which were mapped and ordered in chromosome band 9p21, to define the target regions for 9p21 deletions in @entity1 @entity2 . Homozygous deletions were detected in 39 (26%) cell lines and clustered at 2 independent regions. One was the region containing the @entity986 / @entity986 @entity5 suppressor gene, and this region was deleted in 32 (21%) cell lines. The other was the region containing D9S171, which is the locus approximately 3 Mb proximal to the @entity986 locus. This region, designated as the D9S171 region, was deleted in 18 (12%) cell lines. Seven of the 18 cell lines had identical minimum deletions of a 17,036 bp sequence located 20 kb distal to the D9S171 locus. However, such a deletion was also observed in the corresponding B-lymphoblastoid cell line from 1 of the 7 cell lines and in 5 (16%) of 32 noncancerous tissues, suggesting that the deletion was a genetic polymorphism. By considering this polymorphism, 11 (7%) cell lines still had deletions at the D9S171 region. Two NSCLC cell lines showed deletions at the D9S171 region and retentions of the @entity986 locus. Furthermore, an NSCLC cell line showed discontinuous deletions including either the @entity986 or D9S171 locus. Therefore, the region surrounding the D9S171 locus was defined as another target region for the 9p21 deletions. It is possible that unknown @entity5 suppressor gene(s) are present in this chromosomal region. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:308-318, 2000.

title: Two regions of homozygous deletion clusters at chromosome band 9p21 in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: We examined 149 @entity2 cell lines for homozygous deletions using 24 DNA markers, which were mapped and ordered in chromosome band 9p21, to define the target regions for 9p21 deletions in @entity1 @entity2 . Homozygous deletions were detected in 39 (26%) cell lines and clustered at 2 independent regions. One was the region containing the @entity986 / @entity986 @entity5 suppressor gene, and this region was deleted in 32 (21%) cell lines. The other was the region containing D9S171, which is the locus approximately 3 Mb proximal to the @entity986 locus. This region, designated as the D9S171 region, was deleted in 18 (12%) cell lines. Seven of the 18 cell lines had identical minimum deletions of a 17,036 bp sequence located 20 kb distal to the D9S171 locus. However, such a deletion was also observed in the corresponding B-lymphoblastoid cell line from 1 of the 7 cell lines and in 5 (16%) of 32 noncancerous tissues, suggesting that the deletion was a genetic polymorphism. By considering this polymorphism, 11 (7%) cell lines still had deletions at the D9S171 region. Two NSCLC cell lines showed deletions at the D9S171 region and retentions of the @entity986 locus. Furthermore, an NSCLC cell line showed discontinuous deletions including either the @entity986 or D9S171 locus. Therefore, the region surrounding the D9S171 locus was defined as another target region for the 9p21 deletions. It is possible that unknown @entity5 suppressor gene(s) are present in this chromosomal region. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:308-318, 2000.

title: Two regions of homozygous deletion clusters at chromosome band 9p21 in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical features and natural history of @entity1636 are highly dependent on the type of center reporting their experience. Observations from oncology services suggest a high incidence of nonfunctioning @entity5 , whereas reports from endocrine clinics emphasize excessive corticoid and @entity342 production in the majority of @entity5 . The incidence rate and natural history of childhood @entity4304 generally has been under emphasized. METHODS: Over the past 17 years, the authors have evaluated and treated 47 @entity1 with @entity1636 referred to the University of @entity1325 Paulo, 22 of whom were @entity1 . RESULTS: There is a bimodal age incidence of @entity4304 , with the disease peaking in the first and fourth decades of life. Childhood @entity4304 is characterized by a high rate of incidence of virilization, marked overproduction of @entity3800 , and a less @entity146 clinical course, and appears to be more amenable to surgical and other therapeutic modalities. By contrast, @entity1636 occurring in adults presents more commonly as a mixed @entity699 , with overproduction of corticoids and @entity3800 and a far more @entity146 clinical course, leading to rapid @entity204 within months or years. Nonfunctioning @entity1636 is less common; it generally occurs in older adults and exhibits a rapid downhill course. Modern day imaging methods have improved the diagnosis and staging of @entity4304 greatly. In the authors' experience, the histologic criteria of Weiss appeared to predict @entity5 prognosis most accurately, whereas immunologic markers, cytoskeletal markers, DNA ploidy, cell phase markers, and oncogenic probes have yielded inconsistent results to date. Surgical removal of a @entity5 remains the best hope for long term survival. Medical therapy with @entity8449 and its successors in @entity1 with Stage III or IV (MacFarlane system as modified by Sullivan et al.) disease appear to have added little to longevity or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: When diagnosed in @entity1 , @entity4304 is associated with virilism and a less @entity146 natural history; however, when it occurs in adults, the disease presents more commonly as a mixed @entity699 and has a virulent course. The Weiss histologic criteria appear to correlate best with disease prognosis, but other histochemical, cell cycle, and genetic markers have not, to date, aided in disease management.

title: XXXX : clinical and laboratory observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8449 :: ('MESH:D008939', 'Chemical') :: ['mitotane']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'localized tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing and virilizing syndrome', 'Cushing-virilizing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial function plays a key role in determining the clinical manifestations of @entity731 . Elevated high-sensitive @entity1851 (hsCRP) relates to long-term prognosis of @entity65 . HYPOTHESIS: We test the hypothesis that combined use of endothelial function and hsCRP could increase predictive value of future @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: 205 @entity1 were followed up for a median period of 24 months. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial ultrasound to measure endothelium-dependent @entity450 ( @entity450 ). Cox regression analyses were conducted for the 205 subjects, with @entity65 being defined as @entity583 , hospitalization due to @entity712 , percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and @entity385 . Twenty nine (14%) developed @entity65 . Both @entity450 and hsCRP were significantly predictive of @entity65 (relative risk for @entity1 with @entity450 <3% as compared to those with @entity450 >6%, 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-16.66, p=0.018; relative risk for the highest as compared with the lowest tertile of hsCRP level, 3.59, 95% CI: 1.32-9.74, p=0.012, respectively). Further risk analysis was performed among four groups classified by @entity450 ( @entity450 >or= 6% or<6%) and half percentile of hsCRP (hsCRP >or= 1 or<1 mg/dL). Relative risks for the @entity450 <6%/hsCRP >or= 1 mg/dL group compared to @entity450 >or= 6%/hsCRP<1 mg/dL group increased markedly to 12.598 (95% CI: 1.69 to 94.14, p=0.014) for @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with suspected @entity453 may benefit from risk stratification based on both endothelium-dependent @entity450 and hsCRP, since combined these two factors contribute significantly toward the incidence of @entity65 .

title: Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high-sensitive XXXX in predicting @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated vasodilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial function plays a key role in determining the clinical manifestations of @entity731 . Elevated high-sensitive @entity1851 (hsCRP) relates to long-term prognosis of @entity65 . HYPOTHESIS: We test the hypothesis that combined use of endothelial function and hsCRP could increase predictive value of future @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: 205 @entity1 were followed up for a median period of 24 months. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial ultrasound to measure endothelium-dependent @entity450 ( @entity450 ). Cox regression analyses were conducted for the 205 subjects, with @entity65 being defined as @entity583 , hospitalization due to @entity712 , percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and @entity385 . Twenty nine (14%) developed @entity65 . Both @entity450 and hsCRP were significantly predictive of @entity65 (relative risk for @entity1 with @entity450 <3% as compared to those with @entity450 >6%, 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-16.66, p=0.018; relative risk for the highest as compared with the lowest tertile of hsCRP level, 3.59, 95% CI: 1.32-9.74, p=0.012, respectively). Further risk analysis was performed among four groups classified by @entity450 ( @entity450 >or= 6% or<6%) and half percentile of hsCRP (hsCRP >or= 1 or<1 mg/dL). Relative risks for the @entity450 <6%/hsCRP >or= 1 mg/dL group compared to @entity450 >or= 6%/hsCRP<1 mg/dL group increased markedly to 12.598 (95% CI: 1.69 to 94.14, p=0.014) for @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with suspected @entity453 may benefit from risk stratification based on both endothelium-dependent @entity450 and hsCRP, since combined these two factors contribute significantly toward the incidence of @entity65 .

title: Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high-sensitive @entity1851 in predicting XXXX .

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 16-slice multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the coronaries and to provide data in a real clinical setting. Previous 16-slice MSCT studies presented data excluding @entity1 with @entity730 , vessels of < 1.5 or 2 mm, and segments with impaired image quality. By including these data for 16-slice MSCT, a direct comparison with new data from 64-slice MSCT is possible. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty two @entity1 with suspected or known @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were prospectively enrolled and underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All vessels were evaluated for the presence of a significant @entity3979 (>50%) using the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) 15-segment model. From the evaluation of 917 segments, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (NPV) (positive predictive value [ @entity2286 ] and NPV) for the presence of relevant @entity3979 were 73, 98, and 71 and 98% per segment and 94, 90, and 91 and 93% per @entity1 , respectively. The influence of age, gender, body surface area (BSA), heart rate (HR), stents, and @entity141 -score value was analyzed. High @entity141 -score values were the only statistically significant predictor for impaired diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, CTA with evaluation of all vessel segments in a broad spectrum of @entity1 allowed accurate and fast noninvasive coronary artery evaluation, including evaluation of stented segments. These data are very similar to those published recently for 64-slice scanners.

title: Diagnostic value of the 16-detector row multislice spiral computed tomography for the detection of XXXX in comparison to invasive coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: The @entity15309 envelope glycoproteins of ecotropic @entity19 @entity1778 viruses bind to receptors that occur only on @entity19 and @entity35 cells and on interspecies hybrid cells that contain @entity19 chromosome 5. A substantial fraction of the @entity15309 that was bound specifically by these criteria remained undegraded and accessible to extracellular labeling reagents for many hours. Accordingly, cells with ecotropic receptors could be labeled specifically. As seen by immunofluorescence microscopy, the @entity15309 -receptor complexes were uniformly dispersed on @entity19 fibroblast plasma membranes. These complexes were mobile, and they aggregated into patches when crosslinked by antibodies at 37 degrees, but not when membrane lipid fluidity was frozen at 0 degrees. Ecotropic receptors still bound @entity15309 specifically after cells were fixed with 3.7% @entity406 , but these receptors could not be patched, indicating that they were nondiffusible. Viable cells slowly endocytosed @entity15309 -receptor complexes at 37 degrees (approximate half-life 5-7 hr) and the @entity15309 was then proteolytically degraded in lysosomes. In the presence of 20 microM @entity503 , a lysosomal inhibitor, undegraded @entity15309 was seen to slowly accumulate in these intracellular organelles. These results suggest that ecotropic receptors mediate a slow internalization of attached ligand. Long-lived binding of @entity15309 onto surfaces of uninfected cells may explain important features of viral-induced @entity1778 , the host immune response, and immunosuppression.

title: Cell surface receptors for ecotropic XXXX retroviruses: mobile membrane proteins that mediate binding and slow endocytosis of the viral envelope glycoprotein.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate @entity86 and the opioid-sparing effect of the preoperative administration of intravenous @entity8726 axetil in @entity1 undergoing spinal fusion surgery. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 were randomly allocated into one of three groups. Group A received preoperative @entity8726 axetil, 1 mg x kg(-1). Group B received postoperative @entity8726 axetil, 1 mg x kg(-1). Group C received a placebo. All groups were given a standardized anesthesia and intravenous @entity1286 via a @entity1 -controlled analgesia device for @entity86 . The @entity158 score was evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) at 0 (T(0)), 1 (T(1)), 2 (T(2)), 6 (T(3)), 12 (T(4)), and 24 (T(5)) h after surgery, and the @entity1286 requirement was recorded during the study period. RESULTS: VAS in group A was significantly lower than that in group B at T(0) and T(1). VAS in group A was significantly lower than that in group C throughout the time course after surgery. Postoperative @entity1286 consumption in group A was significantly lower than that in groups B and C at T(0) to T(3). CONCLUSION: As compared with postoperative administration, preoperative administration of intravenous @entity8726 axetil provides better @entity86 and an opioid-sparing effect in @entity1 undergoing spinal fusion surgery under general anesthesia.

title: Preoperative administration of intravenous XXXX axetil reduces postoperative pain for spinal fusion surgery.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity8726 :: (MESH:D005480,Chemical) :: ['flurbiprofen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery of locally advanced @entity189 (clinical T3- 4, and/or N+) might improve the therapeutic results. We report on our clinical experience with 34 @entity1 receiving concurrent preoperative radiotherapy and @entity416 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and March 2003, 34 @entity1 with a median age of 62 years (range 18-75 years) were treated for @entity188 . @entity416 was administered orally at a dose of 825 mg/m(2) twice-daily concomitantly every day during pelvic irradiation. The planned total dose of radiotherapy was 50.4 Gy, given with daily fractions of 1.8Gy, 5 days a week, over a period of about 5.5 weeks. Large pelvic dose ( @entity343 -1) was 45.0 Gy/25 fractions in 5 weeks. Higher dose up to 50.4 Gy in further 3 fractions was given using boost fields ( @entity343 -2). Radiotherapy was performed with high-energy photon beam (18 MV) linear accelerator using 3-dimensional (3D) treatment planning for 3 or 4 fields technique. RESULTS: @entity137 was low: grade (G) 3 local @entity1909 (6%), G3 @entity294 in 3 (9%) and G3 @entity1210 in 1 (3%) @entity1 . However, 2(6%) @entity1 required drug dose reduction by 80%. Sphincter-sparing surgery was possible in 25 (76.5%) @entity1 while 9 (26%) @entity1 had radical surgery with removal of all macroscopic disease. Tumor mass downstaging by TNM criteria has been achieved in all of the treated @entity1 . Pathological (p) complete response (CR) was verified in 7 (21%) @entity1 and minimal @entity5 was found in 6 (17%) @entity1 , for a total of 13 (38%) @entity1 with substantial disease remission. CONCLUSION: Preoperative concomitant radiotherapy and oral @entity416 chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity420 appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic choice, improving the chance for rectal-sparing surgery. The follow-up time is rather short to evaluate time to progression and survival.

title: Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced XXXX with concomitant radiotherapy and oral @entity416 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis in 2']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery of locally advanced @entity189 (clinical T3- 4, and/or N+) might improve the therapeutic results. We report on our clinical experience with 34 @entity1 receiving concurrent preoperative radiotherapy and @entity416 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and March 2003, 34 @entity1 with a median age of 62 years (range 18-75 years) were treated for @entity188 . @entity416 was administered orally at a dose of 825 mg/m(2) twice-daily concomitantly every day during pelvic irradiation. The planned total dose of radiotherapy was 50.4 Gy, given with daily fractions of 1.8Gy, 5 days a week, over a period of about 5.5 weeks. Large pelvic dose ( @entity343 -1) was 45.0 Gy/25 fractions in 5 weeks. Higher dose up to 50.4 Gy in further 3 fractions was given using boost fields ( @entity343 -2). Radiotherapy was performed with high-energy photon beam (18 MV) linear accelerator using 3-dimensional (3D) treatment planning for 3 or 4 fields technique. RESULTS: @entity137 was low: grade (G) 3 local @entity1909 (6%), G3 @entity294 in 3 (9%) and G3 @entity1210 in 1 (3%) @entity1 . However, 2(6%) @entity1 required drug dose reduction by 80%. Sphincter-sparing surgery was possible in 25 (76.5%) @entity1 while 9 (26%) @entity1 had radical surgery with removal of all macroscopic disease. Tumor mass downstaging by TNM criteria has been achieved in all of the treated @entity1 . Pathological (p) complete response (CR) was verified in 7 (21%) @entity1 and minimal @entity5 was found in 6 (17%) @entity1 , for a total of 13 (38%) @entity1 with substantial disease remission. CONCLUSION: Preoperative concomitant radiotherapy and oral @entity416 chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity420 appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic choice, improving the chance for rectal-sparing surgery. The follow-up time is rather short to evaluate time to progression and survival.

title: Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced @entity420 with concomitant radiotherapy and oral XXXX .

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: We previously reported the efficacy of oral cryotherapy for the prevention of high-dose melphalan-induced @entity3136 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the further shortening of the duration of oral cryotherapy could minimize its side effects while sparing its efficacy. Seventeen consecutive recipients of allogeneic hematopoieic stem cell transplant conditioned with high-dose melphalan in combination with @entity3118 alone or with @entity3118 and additional radiation were enrolled in the study. The severity of @entity3136 was graded according to the National @entity5 Institute-Common @entity137 Criteria. @entity1 were kept on oral cryotherapy shortly before, during, and for additional 30 min after the completion of melphalan administration (60-min oral cryotherapy). @entity1 who were also enrolled in our previous study received the same type of oral cryotherapy but for additional 90 min after the completion of melphalan administration (120-min oral cryotherapy), and they served as controls. Only 2 (11.8%) of 17 @entity1 receiving 60-min oral cryotherapy and 2 (11.1%) of 18 @entity1 receiving 120-min oral cryotherapy developed grade 2 or 3 @entity3136 , respectively. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.677). The incidence of unpleasant symptoms such as chills and @entity390 during oral cryotherapy decreased significantly with 60-min oral cryotherapy, as compared with that associated with 120-min oral cryotherapy (P < 0.01). These results suggest that 60-min oral cryotherapy is as effective as 120-min oral cryotherapy at preventing high-dose melphalan-induced @entity3136 , and shorter treatment might have contributed to relieve @entity1 discomfort during oral cryotherapy.

title: Brief oral cryotherapy for the prevention of high-dose melphalan-induced XXXX in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['stomatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are at high risk for @entity256 , @entity583 , and cardiac mortality after coronary stenting, and the long-term safety of drug-eluting stents ( @entity4743 ) relative to bare-metal stents (BMS) in @entity6 is uncertain. We report on a large consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity6 followed up for 3 years after @entity4743 and BMS from a regional contemporary US practice with mandatory reporting. METHODS AND RESULTS: All adults with @entity6 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting between April 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004, at all acute care nonfederal hospitals in Massachusetts were identified from a mandatory state database. According to index admission stent type, @entity1 were classified as @entity4743 treated if all stents were drug eluting and as BMS treated if all stents were bare metal; @entity1 treated with both types of stents were excluded from the primary analysis. Mortality rates were obtained from vital statistics records, and @entity583 and revascularization rates were obtained from the state database with complete 3 years of follow-up on the entire cohort. Risk-adjusted mortality, @entity583 , and revascularization differences ( @entity4743 -BMS) were estimated with propensity-score matching based on clinical, procedural, hospital, and insurance information collected at the index admission. @entity6 was present in 5051 @entity1 (29% of the population) treated with @entity4743 or BMS during the study. @entity1 with @entity6 were more likely to receive @entity4743 than BMS (66.1% versus 33.9%; P<0.001). The unadjusted cumulative incidence of mortality at 3 years was 14.4% in @entity4743 versus 22.2% in BMS (P<0.001). Based on propensity-score analysis of 1:1 matched @entity4743 versus BMS @entity1 (1476 @entity4743 :1476 BMS), the risk-adjusted mortality, MI, and target vessel revascularization rates at 3 years were 17.5% versus 20.7% (risk difference, -3.2%; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -0.4; P=0.02), 13.8% versus 16.9% (-3.0%; 95% confidence interval, -5.6 to 0.5; P=0.02), and 18.4% versus 23.7% (-5.4%; confidence interval, -8.3 to -2.4; P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world @entity6 @entity1 population with mandatory reporting and follow-up, @entity4743 were associated with reduced mortality, @entity583 , and revascularization rates at long-term follow-up compared with BMS.

title: Drug-eluting or bare-metal stenting in @entity1 with XXXX : results from the Massachusetts Data Analysis Center Registry.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are at high risk for @entity256 , @entity583 , and cardiac mortality after coronary stenting, and the long-term safety of drug-eluting stents ( @entity4743 ) relative to bare-metal stents (BMS) in @entity6 is uncertain. We report on a large consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity6 followed up for 3 years after @entity4743 and BMS from a regional contemporary US practice with mandatory reporting. METHODS AND RESULTS: All adults with @entity6 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting between April 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004, at all acute care nonfederal hospitals in Massachusetts were identified from a mandatory state database. According to index admission stent type, @entity1 were classified as @entity4743 treated if all stents were drug eluting and as BMS treated if all stents were bare metal; @entity1 treated with both types of stents were excluded from the primary analysis. Mortality rates were obtained from vital statistics records, and @entity583 and revascularization rates were obtained from the state database with complete 3 years of follow-up on the entire cohort. Risk-adjusted mortality, @entity583 , and revascularization differences ( @entity4743 -BMS) were estimated with propensity-score matching based on clinical, procedural, hospital, and insurance information collected at the index admission. @entity6 was present in 5051 @entity1 (29% of the population) treated with @entity4743 or BMS during the study. @entity1 with @entity6 were more likely to receive @entity4743 than BMS (66.1% versus 33.9%; P<0.001). The unadjusted cumulative incidence of mortality at 3 years was 14.4% in @entity4743 versus 22.2% in BMS (P<0.001). Based on propensity-score analysis of 1:1 matched @entity4743 versus BMS @entity1 (1476 @entity4743 :1476 BMS), the risk-adjusted mortality, MI, and target vessel revascularization rates at 3 years were 17.5% versus 20.7% (risk difference, -3.2%; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -0.4; P=0.02), 13.8% versus 16.9% (-3.0%; 95% confidence interval, -5.6 to 0.5; P=0.02), and 18.4% versus 23.7% (-5.4%; confidence interval, -8.3 to -2.4; P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world @entity6 @entity1 population with mandatory reporting and follow-up, @entity4743 were associated with reduced mortality, @entity583 , and revascularization rates at long-term follow-up compared with BMS.

title: Drug-eluting or bare-metal stenting in XXXX with @entity6 : results from the Massachusetts Data Analysis Center Registry.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic transplantation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) before @entity2759 has been shown to attenuate neurologic injures. We sought to investigate the therapeutic effect of MSCs on @entity63 -injured spinal cord. METHODS: Marrow stromal cells were expanded in vitro and prelabeled with @entity1603 . @entity2759 was induced in @entity95 by @entity432 for 30 minutes. Four groups were enrolled. About 1 x 10(8) MSCs were intrathecally injected 2 hours (group MSC-2h), 24 hours (group MSC-24h), or 48 hours (group MSC-48h) after @entity2759 , respectively. The control group received intrathecal injection of medium alone. Hind-limb motor function was assessed during a 28-day recovery period with Tarlov criteria, and then histologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Marrow stromal cells still could be found in the spinal cord 4 weeks after transplantation. The capillary density in the ventral gray matter was significantly increased in the three MSC-treated groups (p < 0.01 versus control group, respectively). After a 28-day recovery, marked functional improvement was detected in group MSC-2h (from day 1 to 28, p < 0.05, versus control group, respectively) and group MSC-24h (from day 14 to 28, p < 0.05, versus control group, respectively), but not in group MSC-48h. The number of intact motor neurons was much greater in group MSC-2h (p < 0.05, versus control group). CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal injection of MSCs enhances angiogenesis in the host spinal cord and improves the motor functional recovery after @entity2759 . The therapeutic time window is critical for the therapeutic effect of MSCs.

title: Therapeutic benefit of intrathecal injection of marrow stromal cells on XXXX -injured spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia', 'spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Infection of @entity1 with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, can cause @entity99 of various levels of severity. When the three @entity1 isolates of @entity1116 , each belonging to a different genogroup, are inoculated into severe combined @entity465 @entity19 , the order of severity of clinical signs and @entity2348 in the liver is as follows (from greatest to least severity and highest to lowest burden): strain Wakulla, followed by strain Liberty, followed by strain Arkansas. In this article, we used microarray analysis to define transcriptional profiles characteristic of the histopathological features in the @entity19 liver. Cytokine and chemokine profiles and their receptor profiles were strikingly different among the three strains of @entity1116 : gamma interferon, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2Rgamma), IL21R, CCR2, and CXCR6 were highly upregulated with strain Arkansas; and @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF), CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL6, CCL12, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, @entity20782 , TNF receptor superfamily 9 (TNFRSF9), TNFRSF13beta, IL1R2, IL2Rgamma, IL20Rbeta, IL21R, CCR1, CCR2, and CXCR4 were highly upregulated with strain Wakulla. With strain Liberty, only @entity20782 was highly upregulated, and @entity12443 was downregulated. In livers infected with the Arkansas strain, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells were enriched in the @entity738 and an increase in NK cell marker mRNAs was detected. Livers infected with the Wakulla strain displayed infiltration of significantly more neutrophils and an increase in neutrophil marker mRNAs. Genes commonly upregulated in liver tissue infected with the three strains are other host innate immune and inflammatory response genes, including those encoding several acute-phase proteins. Genes downregulated commonly are related to host physiologic functions. The results suggest that marked modulation of host cytokine and chemokine profiles by @entity1116 strains underlies the distinct host @entity409 .

title: Liver transcriptome profiles associated with strain-specific Ehrlichia chaffeensis-induced XXXX in SCID @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial burden detected']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1116 :: ('945', 'Species') :: ['E. chaffeensis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: Infection of @entity1 with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, can cause @entity99 of various levels of severity. When the three @entity1 isolates of @entity1116 , each belonging to a different genogroup, are inoculated into severe combined @entity465 @entity19 , the order of severity of clinical signs and @entity2348 in the liver is as follows (from greatest to least severity and highest to lowest burden): strain Wakulla, followed by strain Liberty, followed by strain Arkansas. In this article, we used microarray analysis to define transcriptional profiles characteristic of the histopathological features in the @entity19 liver. Cytokine and chemokine profiles and their receptor profiles were strikingly different among the three strains of @entity1116 : gamma interferon, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2Rgamma), IL21R, CCR2, and CXCR6 were highly upregulated with strain Arkansas; and @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF), CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL6, CCL12, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, @entity20782 , TNF receptor superfamily 9 (TNFRSF9), TNFRSF13beta, IL1R2, IL2Rgamma, IL20Rbeta, IL21R, CCR1, CCR2, and CXCR4 were highly upregulated with strain Wakulla. With strain Liberty, only @entity20782 was highly upregulated, and @entity12443 was downregulated. In livers infected with the Arkansas strain, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells were enriched in the @entity738 and an increase in NK cell marker mRNAs was detected. Livers infected with the Wakulla strain displayed infiltration of significantly more neutrophils and an increase in neutrophil marker mRNAs. Genes commonly upregulated in liver tissue infected with the three strains are other host innate immune and inflammatory response genes, including those encoding several acute-phase proteins. Genes downregulated commonly are related to host physiologic functions. The results suggest that marked modulation of host cytokine and chemokine profiles by @entity1116 strains underlies the distinct host @entity409 .

title: Liver transcriptome profiles associated with strain-specific Ehrlichia chaffeensis-induced @entity99 in SCID XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Genomic imprinting plays an important role in @entity1 development. Loss of imprinting (LOI) through loss (LOM) or gain (GOM) of methylation is involved in many @entity1 disorders and @entity5 . The imprinted 11p15 region is crucial for the control of foetal growth and LOI at this locus is implicated in two clinically opposite disorders: @entity11123 ( @entity11123 ) with foetal overgrowth associated with an enhanced @entity5 risk and @entity6815 ( @entity6815 ) with intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction. So far, only a few studies have assessed multilocus LOM in @entity1 imprinting diseases. To investigate multilocus LOI syndrome, we studied the methylation status of five maternally and two paternally methylated loci in a large series (n = 167) of @entity1 with 11p15-related @entity851 . We found that 9.5% of @entity6815 and 24% of @entity11123 @entity1 showed multilocus LOM at regions other than @entity50185 and @entity23429 11 @entity9288 , respectively. Moreover, over two third of multilocus LOM @entity6815 @entity1 also had LOM at a second paternally methylated locus, @entity11591 / @entity15047 IG-DMR. No additional clinical features due to LOM of other loci were found suggesting an (epi)dominant effect of the 11p15 LOM on the clinical phenotype for this series of @entity1 . Surprisingly, four @entity1 displayed LOM at both @entity50185 and @entity23429 11 @entity9288 . Three of them had a @entity6815 and one a @entity11123 phenotype. Our results show for the first time that multilocus LOM can also concern @entity6815 @entity1 . Moreover, LOM can involve both paternally and maternally methylated loci in the same @entity1 .

title: Multilocus methylation analysis in a large cohort of 11p15-related XXXX ( @entity11123 ) reveals simultaneous loss of methylation at paternal and maternal imprinted loci.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['foetal growth disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11123 :: ('MESH:D001506', 'Disease') :: ['Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome', 'BWS']

entities_list: @entity6815 :: ('MESH:D056730', 'Disease') :: ['Russell-Silver syndrome', 'RSS']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['foetal growth disorders']


abstract: Genomic imprinting plays an important role in @entity1 development. Loss of imprinting (LOI) through loss (LOM) or gain (GOM) of methylation is involved in many @entity1 disorders and @entity5 . The imprinted 11p15 region is crucial for the control of foetal growth and LOI at this locus is implicated in two clinically opposite disorders: @entity11123 ( @entity11123 ) with foetal overgrowth associated with an enhanced @entity5 risk and @entity6815 ( @entity6815 ) with intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction. So far, only a few studies have assessed multilocus LOM in @entity1 imprinting diseases. To investigate multilocus LOI syndrome, we studied the methylation status of five maternally and two paternally methylated loci in a large series (n = 167) of @entity1 with 11p15-related @entity851 . We found that 9.5% of @entity6815 and 24% of @entity11123 @entity1 showed multilocus LOM at regions other than @entity50185 and @entity23429 11 @entity9288 , respectively. Moreover, over two third of multilocus LOM @entity6815 @entity1 also had LOM at a second paternally methylated locus, @entity11591 / @entity15047 IG-DMR. No additional clinical features due to LOM of other loci were found suggesting an (epi)dominant effect of the 11p15 LOM on the clinical phenotype for this series of @entity1 . Surprisingly, four @entity1 displayed LOM at both @entity50185 and @entity23429 11 @entity9288 . Three of them had a @entity6815 and one a @entity11123 phenotype. Our results show for the first time that multilocus LOM can also concern @entity6815 @entity1 . Moreover, LOM can involve both paternally and maternally methylated loci in the same @entity1 .

title: Multilocus methylation analysis in a large cohort of 11p15-related @entity851 ( XXXX ) reveals simultaneous loss of methylation at paternal and maternal imprinted loci.

answer: @entity11123 :: (MESH:D001506,Disease) :: ['Russell Silver and Beckwith Wiedemann syndromes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Accurate assessment of determinants of @entity1 survival in @entity454 is important for counselling, clinical management and resource planning. To address this we have analysed survival and risk factors for survival for @entity1 treated for @entity454 in a multi-ethnic UK population. METHODS: A multicentre prospective observational cohort study was performed in four teaching hospital renal units serving a total population of four million @entity1 . A total of 884 consecutive @entity1 treated with renal replacement therapy were studied. Cox proportional hazard modelling and adjusted survival curves were used to assess the impact of a range of variables on @entity1 surviving dialysis for more than 90 days. Further analysis was undertaken to determine the likelihood of transplantation in different ethnic groups. RESULTS: Survival was 29% after a mean and median follow up of 4.6 and 4.2 years, respectively. Factors associated with worse survival included the following: age; for each decade of life the relative risk (RR) of death was 1.52 (95% confidence intervals 1.41-1.65, p < 0.0001); comorbidity, one or two comorbid conditions, RR = 1.56 (95% CI 1.24-1.95, p < 0.001) and three or more comorbid conditions, RR = 2.34 (1.68-3.27, p < 0.001). Factors associated with better survival included the following: south-Asian ethnicity, RR = 0.6 (0.46-0.80, p < 0.001); renal transplantation, RR = 0.20 (95% CI 0.11-0.59, p < 0.0001) and @entity631 as the primary @entity8 , RR = 0.70 (0.50-0.97, p = 0.04). Factors associated with likelihood of transplantion were having a functioning @entity292 /peritoneal dialysis catheter at start of dialysis ( @entity4736 .91, 95% CI 1.24-2.94, p = 0.003) and @entity631 (RR 9.54, 95% CI 2.43-37.64, p = 0.001). @entity1 were less likely to receive if they were black (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.34, p < 0.001), South Asian (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.97, p = 0.037), @entity6 (RR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.23, p < 0.001) and had one or two comorbid conditions (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.82, p = 0.06). Every decade increase in age was also associated with a lesser likelihood of transplantation (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.49-0.61, p < 0.001). Discussion. Risk stratification at commencement of chronic dialysis may predict long-term survival in different @entity1 groups. As expected ethnic minorities are less likely to receive a transplant and this should be addressed by the new waiting list prioritization. The better survival on dialysis in this population of @entity1 with south-Asian ethnicity is unexplained and this requires further investigation.

title: Survival and transplantation in XXXX : a prospective study of a multiethnic population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Public health recommendations emphasize regular participation in moderate intensity physical activity (at least 5 days per week, 30 minutes or more per day), including domestic activities (e.g., heavy housework). The contribution of domestic activities in improving @entity65 risk remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed at determining the independent associations of domestic activity and other activity types with multiple @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors (resting pulse rate, @entity28 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , blood pressure, @entity1851 ). METHODS: The sample comprised of 14,836 adults (ages 16 years and over) living in households in England in 2003. Interviews assessed participation in at least moderate intensity physical activity (domestic activity, walking, and sports), and nurses measured blood pressure and took blood samples. Analyses were done in 2006. RESULTS: A total of 24.2% of @entity1 and 19.8% of @entity1 met the activity recommendations, dropping to a total of 17.6% and 13.0% when domestic activity was excluded. With the exception of systolic blood pressure in @entity1 , domestic activity was not related to a favorable profile of any other @entity65 risk factors. There was a trend for lower body mass index and waist circumference and higher high-density lipoprotein @entity165 with increased participation in walking. Sports participation was related to a favorable profile for all risk factors excluding systolic blood pressure in @entity1 and @entity165 and @entity1851 in @entity1 . The odds of being @entity28 (body mass index more than 30 kg/m(2)) were lower with increased participation in walking and sports. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its high prevalence, domestic physical activity was not associated with improvements in @entity65 risk factors. These results suggest that physical activity recommendations may need to focus on physical activities other than those performed in and around the household.

title: Domestic physical activity in relationship to multiple XXXX risk factors.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['CVD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disentangling the @entity47 from the @entity47 is often difficult when relying only on behavioral observation. In this study, we explored a new active evoked-related potentials paradigm as an alternative method for the detection of voluntary brain activity. METHODS: The @entity1 were 22 right-handed @entity1 (10 traumatic) diagnosed as being in a @entity47 ( @entity47 ) (n = 8) or in a @entity47 ( @entity47 ) (n = 14). They were presented sequences of names containing the @entity1 's own name or other names, in both passive and active conditions. In the active condition, the @entity1 were instructed to count her or his own name or to count another target name. RESULTS: Like controls, @entity47 @entity1 presented a larger P3 to the @entity1 's own name, in the passive and in the active conditions. Moreover, the P3 to target stimuli was higher in the active than in the passive condition, suggesting voluntary compliance to task instructions like controls. These responses were even observed in @entity1 with low behavioral responses (e.g., visual fixation and pursuit). In contrast, no P3 differences between passive and active conditions were observed for @entity47 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that active evoked-related potentials paradigms may permit detection of voluntary brain function in @entity1 with severe @entity75 who present with a @entity1662 , even when the @entity1 may present with very limited to questionably any signs of awareness.

title: Voluntary brain processing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative state', 'MCS', 'VS', 'minimally conscious state']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of consciousness']

answer: @entity1662 :: (MESH:D003244,Disease) :: ['disorders of consciousness']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pelvic lymphadenectomy is frequently performed simultaneously with radical prostatectomy to determine lymph node status and the most frequently recorded postoperative complication is the development of a symptomatic lymphocele. This study evaluated @entity16284 as an adjunct treatment in preventing lymphoceles after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy for @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were prospectively enrolled in this study. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to a standard technique with the use of clips and electrocoagulation plus TachoSil, or to standard technique only. All @entity1 underwent ultrasound examination on postoperative days 7, 14 and 28 to test for the development of symptomatic or asymptomatic lymphoceles. Drainage volume and duration were also recorded. RESULTS: The baseline characteristics of the 2 randomized groups were well matched. Those @entity1 in whom we used TachoSil showed a lower drainage volume with a mean total volume of 64 +/- 45 ml (range 0 to 110) vs 190 +/- 62.72 ml (range 70 to 270, p = 0.009), and had significantly fewer symptomatic and asymptomatic lymphoceles (5 vs 19, p = 0.001). Only 5 percutaneous surgical procedures to drain the lymphoceles proved necessary, 1 of which occurred in the group with TachoSil. CONCLUSIONS: TachoSil seems to provide a useful additional treatment option for reducing drainage volume and preventing lymphocele development after extraperitoneal radical retropubic prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.

title: The use of a surgical patch in the prevention of lymphoceles after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy for XXXX : a randomized prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In an animal model for vulnerability to @entity734 , animals that exhibit greater motor activity in a novel environment (high responders; HR) are more sensitive to drugs of abuse and are more likely to self-administer these drugs compared to less reactive animals (low responders; LR). In the light of clinical evidence on comorbidity between @entity734 and @entity1316 , we used this model to investigate whether individual differences in locomotor reactivity to novelty are related to @entity148 - and @entity308 -like responsiveness using male @entity35 . Animals were categorized as HR and LR based on motor responses to novelty during a 30-min session. @entity148 -like reactivity was then measured using the elevated plus-maze, the defensive withdrawal test and acoustic startle-induced ultrasonic vocalization test. @entity308 -like reactivity was measured by the forced swim test. HR @entity35 showed less @entity148 -like behavior in the elevated plus-maze and defensive withdrawal tests than LR, but the opposite was true in the acoustic startle-induced vocalization test. In response to a series of loud acoustic stimuli, HR @entity35 were faster to begin vocalizing and did so for a longer duration compared to LR. There were only minor differences between LR and HR @entity35 in the forced swim test. These data suggest that an HR/LR model can be used to study a link between vulnerability to @entity734 and @entity148 -like reactivity. The exact nature of this link depends upon the model of @entity148 used and may reflect the heterogeneous nature of @entity148 -like reactivity in the @entity35 .

title: Locomotor response to novelty as a predictor of reactivity to aversive stimuli in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE Cetuximab or panitumumab are effective in 10% to 20% unselected metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . @entity984 mutations account for approximately 30% to 40% @entity1 who are not responsive. The @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase @entity817 is the principal effector of @entity984 . We hypothesized that, in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 , @entity817 mutations could have a predictive/prognostic value. @entity1 AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed objective @entity5 responses, time to progression, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and the mutational status of @entity984 and @entity817 in 113 @entity5 from cetuximab- or panitumumab-treated metastatic @entity14 @entity1 . The effect of the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation on cetuximab or panitumumab response was also assessed using cellular models of @entity14 . Results @entity984 mutations were present in 30% of the @entity1 and were associated with resistance to cetuximab or panitumumab (P = .011). The @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was detected in 11 of 79 @entity1 who had wild-type @entity984 . None of the @entity817 -mutated @entity1 responded to treatment, whereas none of the responders carried @entity817 mutations (P = .029). @entity817 -mutated @entity1 had significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = .011) and @entity1349 (P < .0001) than wild-type @entity1 . In @entity14 cells, the introduction of @entity817 @entity8554 allele impaired the therapeutic effect of cetuximab or panitumumab. Treatment with the @entity817 inhibitor @entity2857 restored sensitivity to panitumumab or cetuximab of @entity14 cells carrying the @entity8554 allele. CONCLUSION @entity817 wild-type is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab and could be used to select @entity1 who are eligible for the treatment. Double-hit therapies aimed at simultaneous inhibition of @entity470 and @entity817 warrant exploration in @entity14 @entity1 carrying the @entity8554 oncogenic mutation.

title: Wild-type @entity817 is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE Cetuximab or panitumumab are effective in 10% to 20% unselected metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . @entity984 mutations account for approximately 30% to 40% @entity1 who are not responsive. The @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase @entity817 is the principal effector of @entity984 . We hypothesized that, in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 , @entity817 mutations could have a predictive/prognostic value. @entity1 AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed objective @entity5 responses, time to progression, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and the mutational status of @entity984 and @entity817 in 113 @entity5 from cetuximab- or panitumumab-treated metastatic @entity14 @entity1 . The effect of the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation on cetuximab or panitumumab response was also assessed using cellular models of @entity14 . Results @entity984 mutations were present in 30% of the @entity1 and were associated with resistance to cetuximab or panitumumab (P = .011). The @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was detected in 11 of 79 @entity1 who had wild-type @entity984 . None of the @entity817 -mutated @entity1 responded to treatment, whereas none of the responders carried @entity817 mutations (P = .029). @entity817 -mutated @entity1 had significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = .011) and @entity1349 (P < .0001) than wild-type @entity1 . In @entity14 cells, the introduction of @entity817 @entity8554 allele impaired the therapeutic effect of cetuximab or panitumumab. Treatment with the @entity817 inhibitor @entity2857 restored sensitivity to panitumumab or cetuximab of @entity14 cells carrying the @entity8554 allele. CONCLUSION @entity817 wild-type is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab and could be used to select @entity1 who are eligible for the treatment. Double-hit therapies aimed at simultaneous inhibition of @entity470 and @entity817 warrant exploration in @entity14 @entity1 carrying the @entity8554 oncogenic mutation.

title: Wild-type XXXX is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic @entity14 .

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some nodules cannot be visualized clearly on conventional sonography but can be visualized on CT. In the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of real-time percutaneous ablation therapy under virtual sonographic guidance for these nodules. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In vitro experiments were performed with gelatin gel to evaluate the accuracy of virtual sonography. We also studied 50 @entity1 with 58 @entity157 nodules, of whom 18 @entity1 (21 nodules) underwent radiofrequency ablation by virtual sonography. This was the initial treatment for seven of these @entity1 and an additional treatment for 11 @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 (37 nodules) received radiofrequency ablation without virtual imaging. The @entity1 receiving standard radiofrequency ablation were retrospectively selected as the historical control group under the same conditions as the study group. RESULTS: The in vitro gelatin gel study revealed that all punctures had been performed accurately. In both the initial-treatment group and the additional-treatment group, the mean number of treatments with virtual sonography was significantly lower than that without virtual sonography (p = 0.003 for both groups). The rates of local recurrence and complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of nodules not depicted on sonography, radiofrequency ablation assisted by virtual sonography is an efficacious alternative.

title: Virtual sonographic radiofrequency ablation of XXXX visualized on CT but not on conventional sonography.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare angioplasty ( @entity865 ), supervised exercise (SEP) and @entity865 + SEP in the treatment of @entity613 ( @entity613 ) due to femoropopliteal disease. METHODS: Over a 6-year period, 178 @entity1 (108 @entity1 ; median age, 70 years) with femoropopliteal lesions suitable for angioplasty were randomized to @entity865 , SEP, or @entity865 + SEP. @entity1 were assessed prior to and at 1 and 3 months post treatment. ISCVS outcome criteria (ankle pressures, treadmill walking distances) and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires (SF-36 and VascuQoL) were analyzed. RESULTS: All groups were well matched at baseline. Twenty-one @entity1 withdrew. Results are as follows: Intragroup analysis: All groups demonstrated significant clinical and QoL improvements (Friedman test, p < 0.05). SEP (60 @entity1 , 8 withdrew)-62.7% of @entity1 (n = 32) improved following treatment [20 mild, 9 moderate, 3 marked], 27.4% (n = 14) demonstrated no improvement, and 9.8% (n = 5) deteriorated. @entity865 (60 @entity1 , 3 withdrew)-66.6% @entity1 (n = 38) improved following treatment [19 mild, 10 moderate, 9 marked], 22.8% (n = 13) demonstrated no improvement, and 10.5% (n = 6) deteriorated. @entity865 + SEP (58 @entity1 , 10 withdrew)-81.6% of @entity1 (n = 40) improved following treatment [10 mild, 17 moderate, 3 marked], 14.2% (n = 7) demonstrated no improvement, and 4.0% (n = 2) deteriorated. Intergroup analysis: @entity865 + SEP produce a much greater improvement in clinical outcome measures than @entity865 or SEP alone, but there was no significant QoL advantage (Kruskal-Wallis test, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: SEP should be the primary treatment for the @entity1 with @entity613 and @entity865 should be supplemented by an SEP.

title: Early outcomes from a randomized, controlled trial of supervised exercise, angioplasty, and combined therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'intermittent claudication', 'IC']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: Fermentation of @entity6122 is of interest in enhancing the yield of @entity1068 obtainable from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Such hydrolysates can contain both pentoses and hexoses, and while technology to convert hexoses to @entity1068 is well established, the fermentation of pentoses had been problematical. To overcome the difficulty, @entity375 and fungi have been sought and identified in recent years that can convert @entity6122 into @entity1068 . However, operation of their cultures in the presence of the @entity27753 to obtain rapid and efficient @entity1068 production is somewhat more complex than in the archetype alcoholic fermentation, @entity375 on @entity413 . The complexity stems, in part, from the association of @entity1068 accumulation in cultures where @entity6122 is the sole @entity505 source with conditions that limit growth, by @entity26 in particular, although limitation by other nutrients might also be implicated. Aspects of screening for appropriate organisms and of the parameters that play a role in determining culture variables, especially those associated with @entity1068 productivity, are reviewed. Performance with @entity6122 as sole @entity505 source, in sugar mixtures, and in lignocellulosic hydrolysates is discussed. A model that involves biochemical considerations of @entity6122 metabolism is presented that rationalizes the effects of @entity26 on cultures where @entity6122 is the sole @entity505 source, notably effects of the specific rate of @entity26 use on the rate and extent of @entity1068 accumulation. Alternate methods to direct fermentation of @entity6122 have been developed that depend on its prior isomerization to @entity6122 , followed by fermentation of the pentulose by certain @entity375 and fungi. Factors involved in the biochemistry, use, and performance of these methods, which with some organisms involves sensitivity to @entity26 , are reviewed.

title: Conversion of pentoses to @entity1068 by XXXX and fungi.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeasts']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeasts']


abstract: Fermentation of @entity6122 is of interest in enhancing the yield of @entity1068 obtainable from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Such hydrolysates can contain both pentoses and hexoses, and while technology to convert hexoses to @entity1068 is well established, the fermentation of pentoses had been problematical. To overcome the difficulty, @entity375 and fungi have been sought and identified in recent years that can convert @entity6122 into @entity1068 . However, operation of their cultures in the presence of the @entity27753 to obtain rapid and efficient @entity1068 production is somewhat more complex than in the archetype alcoholic fermentation, @entity375 on @entity413 . The complexity stems, in part, from the association of @entity1068 accumulation in cultures where @entity6122 is the sole @entity505 source with conditions that limit growth, by @entity26 in particular, although limitation by other nutrients might also be implicated. Aspects of screening for appropriate organisms and of the parameters that play a role in determining culture variables, especially those associated with @entity1068 productivity, are reviewed. Performance with @entity6122 as sole @entity505 source, in sugar mixtures, and in lignocellulosic hydrolysates is discussed. A model that involves biochemical considerations of @entity6122 metabolism is presented that rationalizes the effects of @entity26 on cultures where @entity6122 is the sole @entity505 source, notably effects of the specific rate of @entity26 use on the rate and extent of @entity1068 accumulation. Alternate methods to direct fermentation of @entity6122 have been developed that depend on its prior isomerization to @entity6122 , followed by fermentation of the pentulose by certain @entity375 and fungi. Factors involved in the biochemistry, use, and performance of these methods, which with some organisms involves sensitivity to @entity26 , are reviewed.

title: Conversion of pentoses to XXXX by @entity375 and fungi.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Recently, Datex-Ohmeda introduced the Entropy Moduletrade mark for measuring depth of anesthesia. Based on the Shannon entropy of the electroencephalogram, @entity3290 ( @entity3290 ) and response entropy (RE) are computed. We investigated the dose-response relationship of @entity3290 and RE during @entity1875 anesthesia in comparison with the Bispectral Indextrade mark (BIS). Twenty @entity1 were studied without surgical stimulus. Anesthesia was induced by a constant @entity1875 infusion of 2000 mg/h (451 +/- 77 microg x @entity1009 ) x kg(-1)) via a large forearm vein. @entity1875 was infused until substantial burst suppression occurred (more than 50%) or mean arterial blood pressure decreased to <60 mm Hg. Hereafter, infusions were stopped until recovery of BIS values up to 60 was reached. Subsequently, the constant @entity1875 infusion of 2000 mg/h was restarted to increase depth of anesthesia and again decreased (infusion was stopped) within the BIS value range of 40-60. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the prediction probability (P(K)) were calculated to evaluate the performance of @entity3290 , RE, and BIS to predict changing @entity1875 effect-site concentrations. R2 values for @entity3290 , RE, and BIS of 0.88 +/- 0.08, 0.89 +/- 0.07, and 0.92 +/- 0.06, respectively, were similar. The calculated P(K) values, however, revealed a significant difference between @entity3290 and RE compared with BIS, with P(K) = 0.77 +/- 0.09, 0.76 +/- 0.10, and 0.84 +/- 0.06, respectively. BIS seems to show slight advantages in predicting @entity1875 effect-site concentrations compared with @entity3290 and RE, as measured by P(K) but not as measured by R2.

title: Spectral entropy and bispectral index as measures of the electroencephalographic effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3290 :: ('MESH:D062706', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'state entropy']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Few controlled studies have addressed the issue of effective medical treatment for @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). We herein assessed the effect of @entity350 in @entity1 with @entity1561 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 52 @entity1 with @entity1561 diagnosed by ultrasound (US) and confirmed by liver biopsy (40 @entity1 ). The @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity350 (120 mg 3 times daily for 6 months) or placebo. All @entity1 participated in an identical behavioral weight loss program. All @entity1 underwent monthly evaluation by abdominal US; liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, @entity2690 levels, and anthropometric parameters were monitored, and all @entity1 underwent nutritional follow-up evaluation. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent a second liver biopsy examination at the end of the study. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 were recruited and 44 (mean age, 47.7 y; mean body mass index, 33) completed the study. Serum @entity413 and @entity2690 levels (P<.03) were significantly higher in the @entity350 group, which also presented a higher degree of @entity82 . Body mass index was reduced significantly in each group, with a nonsignificant difference between the groups. Serum @entity493 transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly in both groups, with an almost 2-fold reduction in the @entity350 group (48% vs 26.4%). There was a statistically significant @entity1560 by US only in the @entity350 group (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity350 improves serum ALT levels and @entity1560 on US in @entity1561 @entity1 , beyond its effect on weight reduction.

title: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of @entity350 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['Orlistat', 'orlistat']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['reversal of fatty liver', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Few controlled studies have addressed the issue of effective medical treatment for @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). We herein assessed the effect of @entity350 in @entity1 with @entity1561 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 52 @entity1 with @entity1561 diagnosed by ultrasound (US) and confirmed by liver biopsy (40 @entity1 ). The @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity350 (120 mg 3 times daily for 6 months) or placebo. All @entity1 participated in an identical behavioral weight loss program. All @entity1 underwent monthly evaluation by abdominal US; liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, @entity2690 levels, and anthropometric parameters were monitored, and all @entity1 underwent nutritional follow-up evaluation. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent a second liver biopsy examination at the end of the study. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 were recruited and 44 (mean age, 47.7 y; mean body mass index, 33) completed the study. Serum @entity413 and @entity2690 levels (P<.03) were significantly higher in the @entity350 group, which also presented a higher degree of @entity82 . Body mass index was reduced significantly in each group, with a nonsignificant difference between the groups. Serum @entity493 transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly in both groups, with an almost 2-fold reduction in the @entity350 group (48% vs 26.4%). There was a statistically significant @entity1560 by US only in the @entity350 group (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity350 improves serum ALT levels and @entity1560 on US in @entity1561 @entity1 , beyond its effect on weight reduction.

title: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of XXXX for the treatment of @entity1561 .

answer: @entity350 :: (MESH:C055122,Chemical) :: ['orlistat']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the effects of @entity16503 on transition and peripheral zone volume, and the clinical value of the transition zone index in @entity1 with @entity1067 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,802 @entity1 50 years or older with diagnosed @entity1067 , American Urological Association symptom index score 12 or greater, total prostate volume 30 cc or greater, prostate specific antigen 1.5 ng/ml or greater and 10 ng/ml or less, and peak urinary flow rate 15 ml per second or less were randomized to receive 0.5 mg @entity16503 daily or placebo for 2 years. Total prostate and transition zone volume was measured with transrectal ultrasound at baseline and 4 times during the 2-year period. Peripheral zone volume (total prostate volume minus transition zone volume) and the transition zone index (transition zone volume/total prostate volume) were calculated. @entity1 were stratified into tertiles according to baseline total prostate and transition zone volume, and the transition zone index. RESULTS: At 24 months @entity16503 significantly decreased total prostate volume from baseline (p <0.0001). There were similar decreases in transition and peripheral zone volume (approximately 25%). In @entity1 receiving placebo high baseline total prostate and transition zone volume, and transition zone index were associated with poor 2-year outcomes, ie a low peak urinary flow rate, high American Urological Association symptom index scores, and an increased frequency of acute urinary retention and @entity1067 related surgery. Improvements in outcomes with @entity16503 vs placebo were greatest in @entity1 with the highest baseline total prostate and transition zone volume, and transition zone index. In @entity1 with low (30 to less than 42 cc) and intermediate (42 to less than 58 cc) baseline total prostate volume the benefits of @entity16503 therapy were only significant in the intermediate (0.4 to less than 0.55) and high (0.55 to less than 1.0) transition zone index tertiles. CONCLUSIONS: Total prostate and transition zone volume, and the transition zone index are directly related to @entity1067 progression. The transition zone index may add value to transition zone volume alone for predicting outcomes. @entity16503 decreased transition and peripheral zone volume equally, supporting a known therapeutic role in @entity1067 and a possible preventive @entity263 .

title: The effect of XXXX on the peripheral and transition zones of the prostate and the value of the transition zone index in predicting treatment response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16503 :: ('MESH:C108373', 'Chemical') :: ['Dutasteride', 'dutasteride']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['role in prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity16503 :: (MESH:C108373,Chemical) :: ['dutasteride']


abstract: Neonatal @entity358 is primarily responsible for the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with @entity600 . Recently exogenous surfactant replacement therapy has been used to prevent or treat @entity649 . As part of a multicenter, preventive trial between February 1986 and December 1988 using @entity291 -lung surfactant extract, we treated 147 @entity1 with single dose @entity291 -lung surfactant extract. We analyzed this experience to evaluate the possibility that antenatal @entity230 may be additive (with @entity291 -lung surfactant extract) in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity649 . Although a reduction in the incidence of @entity649 was observed among the 33 neonates exposed to antenatal @entity619 when compared with the 114 @entity1 given @entity291 -lung surfactant extract alone, the difference was not significant (37.7% vs. 24.2% p = 0.15). However, comparison of neonatal subsets previously shown to benefit most from @entity134 use revealed an additive effect between @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity649 . Of the 99 singleton pregnancies, only 2 of 16 @entity1 treated with @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 developed @entity649 , compared with the 33 of 83 @entity291 -lung surfactant extract cases (p less than 0.05). A similar reduction was observed in @entity1 between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation ( @entity291 -lung surfactant extract, 21 of 79 vs. @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 , 0 of 24; p less than 0.05). A reduction in disease severity was observed in male offspring (moderate or severe @entity649 only; 22 of 63 vs. 2 of 22; p less than 0.05). Potential confounding variables (e.g., gestational age at birth, birth weight, exposure to tocolytics before delivery, fetal pH at birth) were similar in all comparisons. We conclude that an additive effect between @entity619 and @entity291 -lung surfactant extract is observed in selected cases. It may therefore be appropriate to maximize antenatal @entity134 use in centers where exogenous surfactant is available.

title: Impact of antenatal XXXX administration on @entity649 in surfactant-treated @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Neonatal @entity358 is primarily responsible for the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with @entity600 . Recently exogenous surfactant replacement therapy has been used to prevent or treat @entity649 . As part of a multicenter, preventive trial between February 1986 and December 1988 using @entity291 -lung surfactant extract, we treated 147 @entity1 with single dose @entity291 -lung surfactant extract. We analyzed this experience to evaluate the possibility that antenatal @entity230 may be additive (with @entity291 -lung surfactant extract) in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity649 . Although a reduction in the incidence of @entity649 was observed among the 33 neonates exposed to antenatal @entity619 when compared with the 114 @entity1 given @entity291 -lung surfactant extract alone, the difference was not significant (37.7% vs. 24.2% p = 0.15). However, comparison of neonatal subsets previously shown to benefit most from @entity134 use revealed an additive effect between @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity649 . Of the 99 singleton pregnancies, only 2 of 16 @entity1 treated with @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 developed @entity649 , compared with the 33 of 83 @entity291 -lung surfactant extract cases (p less than 0.05). A similar reduction was observed in @entity1 between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation ( @entity291 -lung surfactant extract, 21 of 79 vs. @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 , 0 of 24; p less than 0.05). A reduction in disease severity was observed in male offspring (moderate or severe @entity649 only; 22 of 63 vs. 2 of 22; p less than 0.05). Potential confounding variables (e.g., gestational age at birth, birth weight, exposure to tocolytics before delivery, fetal pH at birth) were similar in all comparisons. We conclude that an additive effect between @entity619 and @entity291 -lung surfactant extract is observed in selected cases. It may therefore be appropriate to maximize antenatal @entity134 use in centers where exogenous surfactant is available.

title: Impact of antenatal @entity619 administration on XXXX in surfactant-treated @entity1 .

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Neonatal @entity358 is primarily responsible for the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with @entity600 . Recently exogenous surfactant replacement therapy has been used to prevent or treat @entity649 . As part of a multicenter, preventive trial between February 1986 and December 1988 using @entity291 -lung surfactant extract, we treated 147 @entity1 with single dose @entity291 -lung surfactant extract. We analyzed this experience to evaluate the possibility that antenatal @entity230 may be additive (with @entity291 -lung surfactant extract) in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity649 . Although a reduction in the incidence of @entity649 was observed among the 33 neonates exposed to antenatal @entity619 when compared with the 114 @entity1 given @entity291 -lung surfactant extract alone, the difference was not significant (37.7% vs. 24.2% p = 0.15). However, comparison of neonatal subsets previously shown to benefit most from @entity134 use revealed an additive effect between @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity649 . Of the 99 singleton pregnancies, only 2 of 16 @entity1 treated with @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 developed @entity649 , compared with the 33 of 83 @entity291 -lung surfactant extract cases (p less than 0.05). A similar reduction was observed in @entity1 between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation ( @entity291 -lung surfactant extract, 21 of 79 vs. @entity291 -lung surfactant extract and @entity619 , 0 of 24; p less than 0.05). A reduction in disease severity was observed in male offspring (moderate or severe @entity649 only; 22 of 63 vs. 2 of 22; p less than 0.05). Potential confounding variables (e.g., gestational age at birth, birth weight, exposure to tocolytics before delivery, fetal pH at birth) were similar in all comparisons. We conclude that an additive effect between @entity619 and @entity291 -lung surfactant extract is observed in selected cases. It may therefore be appropriate to maximize antenatal @entity134 use in centers where exogenous surfactant is available.

title: Impact of antenatal @entity619 administration on @entity649 in surfactant-treated XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']