abstract: The @entity238 @entity27051 complex consists of at least six proteins and two noncoding roX RNAs that mediate dosage compensation. It acts to remodel the male's X chromatin by covalently modifying the @entity1472 terminal tails of histones. The @entity68092 and @entity65122 genes are thought to be nucleation sites for assembly and spreading of @entity27051 complexes into surrounding chromatin where they roughly double the rates of transcription. We generated many transgenic stocks in which the @entity68092 gene was moved from its normal location on the X to new autosomal sites. Approximately 10% of such lines displayed unusual sexually dimorphic expression patterns of the transgene's mini-white eye-color marker. Males often displayed striking mosaic pigmentation patterns similar to those seen in position-effect variegation and yet most inserts were in euchromatic locations. In many of these stocks, female mini-white expression was very low or absent. The male-specific activation of mini-white depended upon the @entity27051 complex. We propose that these transgenes are inserted in several different types of repressive chromatin environments that inhibit mini-white expression. Males are able to overcome this silencing through the action of the @entity27051 complex spreading from the @entity68092 gene and remodeling the local chromatin to allow transcription. The potency with which an ectopic @entity27051 complex overcomes silent chromatin suggests that its normal action on the X must be under strict regulation.

title: The XXXX @entity68092 RNA gene can overcome silent chromatin by recruiting the male-specific lethal dosage compensation complex.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The @entity238 @entity27051 complex consists of at least six proteins and two noncoding roX RNAs that mediate dosage compensation. It acts to remodel the male's X chromatin by covalently modifying the @entity1472 terminal tails of histones. The @entity68092 and @entity65122 genes are thought to be nucleation sites for assembly and spreading of @entity27051 complexes into surrounding chromatin where they roughly double the rates of transcription. We generated many transgenic stocks in which the @entity68092 gene was moved from its normal location on the X to new autosomal sites. Approximately 10% of such lines displayed unusual sexually dimorphic expression patterns of the transgene's mini-white eye-color marker. Males often displayed striking mosaic pigmentation patterns similar to those seen in position-effect variegation and yet most inserts were in euchromatic locations. In many of these stocks, female mini-white expression was very low or absent. The male-specific activation of mini-white depended upon the @entity27051 complex. We propose that these transgenes are inserted in several different types of repressive chromatin environments that inhibit mini-white expression. Males are able to overcome this silencing through the action of the @entity27051 complex spreading from the @entity68092 gene and remodeling the local chromatin to allow transcription. The potency with which an ectopic @entity27051 complex overcomes silent chromatin suggests that its normal action on the X must be under strict regulation.

title: The @entity238 XXXX RNA gene can overcome silent chromatin by recruiting the male-specific lethal dosage compensation complex.

answer: @entity68092 :: (3772376(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['roX1']


abstract: The isotope washout method has been widely used to study characteristics of the microcirculation in localized vascular beds. Some of these studies have used local injections of vasodilating agents to maximally dilate the vascular bed. This study was undertaken to determine the agent most effective in producing this critical vasodilation. A @entity95 model was constructed that allowed the study of the subcutaneous blood flow by either 133Xe and 131I-antipyrine washout. Dose-response curves were constructed for five agents. The agents used and the doses that produced the maximum washout rate, were @entity112 (100 micrograms), @entity1855 (0.5 mg), @entity5015 (6 micrograms), @entity3302 (5 mg) and @entity1854 (60 micrograms). The five agents at these doses were compared with each other, and @entity1854 produced a greater washout rate than @entity3302 (P less than 0.005), @entity112 (P less than 0.001) and @entity1855 (P less than 0.005). There was no difference between @entity1854 and @entity5015 (P greater than 0.01). The effect of three of the agents in producing tissue @entity4 was examined by comparing the washout rates values obtained with the two isotopes. Both @entity1854 and @entity3302 produced large @entity4 whereas @entity112 resulted in little @entity4 formation. @entity1854 , therefore, appears to be the most suitable vasodilating agent for use in studies which require maximum vasodilation of localized vascular beds.

title: The effectiveness of local injections of vasodilating agents to produce vasodilation in subcutaneous tissue in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunocytochemistry (uCyt+ assay) as combined with urinary cytology for detection of primary and recurrent @entity189 . We analyzed 694 urinary samples from 236 new symptomatic @entity1 and 458 @entity1 followed after transurethral resection (TUR) for @entity150 . Lesions suspicious for @entity5 at cystoscopy were sampled by biopsies or TUR. Sensitivity and specificity of tests were calculated using cystoscopy and histopathology, whether or not combined as gold standards. In new symptomatic @entity1 , sensitivity of uCyt+ was 40%, 88.2%, and 76.7%, whereas that of urinary cytology was 30%, 70.6%, and 83.3%, respectively, in G1, G2, and G3 @entity5 . In follow-up cases, sensitivity of uCyt+ was 61.9%, 66.7%, and 76.9%, whereas that of urinary cytology was 38.1%, 58.3%, and 64.1%, respectively, in G1, G2, and G3 @entity5 . The combination of uCyt+ and urinary cytology significantly increased mean sensitivity in newly diagnosed cases (86.4% versus 71.2% with urinary cytology only, p < 0.05), as well as in @entity1 followed after TUR (79.3% versus 55.2%, p < 0.001). Specificity of uCyt+ and urinary cytology was identical in new @entity1 (83.3%) and was 81.9% and 86.2%, respectively, in @entity1 followed after TUR. In @entity1 with negative cystoscopy, positive uCyt+ tests had a strong predictive value for @entity5 recurrence at 1 year (47.0% versus 11.9% in @entity1 with negative assay, p < 0.01). We conclude that combining uCyt+ with urinary cytology improves the detection of @entity189 as well in @entity1 with symptoms suggesting @entity150 as in those followed after treatment.

title: Improved detection of XXXX with fluorescence immunocytochemistry (uCyt+ assay) and urinary cytology: results of a French Prospective Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the need to adapt dietary prescriptions, we studied potential effects of increasing the dialysis dose by adding a daytime icodextrin dwell, in @entity1 on Nocturnal Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (NIPD), on peritoneal @entity1522 (AA) and albumin loss, AA, albumin, @entity165 and @entity2002 plasma levels and nutritional intake. METHODS: A cross-over study in eight @entity1 (age 2-12 years) on NIPD at baseline (week 1). INTERVENTION: to increase dialysis dose we added a daytime dwell with 1100 ml/m(2) icodextrin solution for a week (week 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: peritoneal albumin loss (quantified by nephelometry) and @entity7245 (quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) in the last 72 h dialysate collections of weeks 1 and 2. On days 7 and 14, morning blood sample was taken for @entity1133 , @entity1011 , plasma AA levels, serum albumin, @entity165 and @entity2002 determination. Nutritional intake diaries were kept throughout the study period. RESULTS: Weekly dialysis creatinine clearance increased from 35 to 65 l/1.73 m(2) (P<0.0001) and Kt/V from 1.99 to 2.54 (P<0.01). Peritoneal albumin loss did not change significantly (2.4+/-0.4 to 2.4+/-0.3 g/m(2)/24 h) nor did serum albumin (3.25+/-0.52 to 3.21+/-0.25 g/dl), @entity165 (216+/-73 to 240+/-61 mg/dl) and @entity2002 (385+/-40 to 436+/-64 mg/dl). There was a significant increase in loss of essential (EAA) [1122+/-200 to 2104+/-417 mg/m(2)/week (P<0.0001)] and non-essential @entity1522 (NEAA) [6160+/-1341 to 10406+/-2899 mg/m(2)/week (P<0.001)]. Plasma AA levels did not change significantly except for a drop in @entity3793 and @entity1160 . Dietary protein intake did not change from 43+/-12 to 41+/-8 g/m(2)/day, caloric intake from 73+/-21 to 70+/-24 kcal/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing dialysis dose by introducing a daytime icodextrin dwell during a week does not affect peritoneal albumin loss, serum albumin, @entity165 and @entity2002 levels nor dietary intake on a short term. There is a significant increase in EAA and NEAA loss without change in plasma levels. We suggest monitoring dietary intake when adding a daytime icodextrin dwell in @entity1 .

title: Nutritional effects of increasing dialysis dose by adding an icodextrin daytime dwell to Nocturnal Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (NIPD) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Immunoreactive @entity859 deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) was studied in 91 @entity1 @entity14 . The expression of ADCP was correlated with that of secretory component (SC) and @entity787 ( @entity787 ), with the histological grade and the @entity5 . The histological grade was scored semi-quantitatively according to 5 structural and 4 cytological variables. ADCP expression was observed in 3 different staining patterns, namely: (1) diffuse cytoplasmic (77% of the @entity189 ); (2) granular cytoplasmic (13%); and (3) membrane-associated (66%). These patterns were observed alone or in combination. Eleven percent of the @entity189 exhibited no ADCP immunoreactivity. Linear regression analysis showed that the expression of ADCP correlates with that of SC and @entity787 . However, no significant correlation emerged between the histological parameters or the Dukes' stage and any of the immunohistological parameters. Comparison of the histological characteristics of @entity189 exhibiting little or no ADCP immunoreactivity with those showing extensive immunoreactivity, showed that membranous ADCP immunoreactivity occurs more frequently in well-differentiated @entity189 . Structural parameters showed a better correlation with membranous ADCP expression than the cytological variables. It is concluded that membranous expression of ADCP and @entity787 are indicators of a high level of differentiation as reflected primarily in the structural characteristics of the @entity5 .

title: @entity859 deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) immunoreactivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', "Dukes' stage of the carcinomas"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Immunoreactive @entity859 deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) was studied in 91 @entity1 @entity14 . The expression of ADCP was correlated with that of secretory component (SC) and @entity787 ( @entity787 ), with the histological grade and the @entity5 . The histological grade was scored semi-quantitatively according to 5 structural and 4 cytological variables. ADCP expression was observed in 3 different staining patterns, namely: (1) diffuse cytoplasmic (77% of the @entity189 ); (2) granular cytoplasmic (13%); and (3) membrane-associated (66%). These patterns were observed alone or in combination. Eleven percent of the @entity189 exhibited no ADCP immunoreactivity. Linear regression analysis showed that the expression of ADCP correlates with that of SC and @entity787 . However, no significant correlation emerged between the histological parameters or the Dukes' stage and any of the immunohistological parameters. Comparison of the histological characteristics of @entity189 exhibiting little or no ADCP immunoreactivity with those showing extensive immunoreactivity, showed that membranous ADCP immunoreactivity occurs more frequently in well-differentiated @entity189 . Structural parameters showed a better correlation with membranous ADCP expression than the cytological variables. It is concluded that membranous expression of ADCP and @entity787 are indicators of a high level of differentiation as reflected primarily in the structural characteristics of the @entity5 .

title: XXXX deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) immunoreactivity in @entity14 .

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: Survivin is a novel inhibitor of apoptosis commonly detected in tissues during fetal development and in @entity5 , but not usually in normal tissues. Expression of this protein may be of prognostic significance and therapeutically relevant in many @entity5 . We assessed survivin expression in @entity43 , correlating results with expression of other anti-apoptotic ( @entity588 , @entity1836 , mutant @entity876 ) and pro-apoptotic ( @entity589 ) markers, with prognostic parameters, and prognosis. Paraffin-embedded sections of 49 @entity43 were immunostained for survivin, @entity588 , @entity1836 , @entity589 , and @entity876 . Expression was evaluated in nuclei and cytoplasm, as intensity (0-3+), and percentage of positive cells was scored on a four-tiered system with <10% as negative. Frequency of survivin, @entity588 , @entity1836 , @entity589 , and @entity876 was 73.5%, 36.7%, 93.9%, 77.6%, and 60.4%, respectively. There was significant correlation between nuclear survivin expression and grade (P =.0014), histologic type (P =.0376), and mutant @entity876 (P =.0414). Survivin expression did not correlate with @entity588 , @entity1836 , or @entity589 expression, stage, or overall or disease-free survival. The majority (74%) of @entity43 show survivin expression, which correlates with poor prognostic parameters (high grade, histologic type, @entity876 mutation) but not with survival. Therapeutic targeting of survivin in @entity43 is a future possibility.

title: Survivin expression in XXXX : correlation with apoptotic markers and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: Use of thrombolytic therapy in the early hours of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has gained widespread acceptance. One potential benefit of early reperfusion could be improved left ventricular (LV) function. Experimental animal studies have demonstrated that duration of coronary occlusion determines ultimate @entity1188 size and have also raised the issue of reperfusion injury. The evolution of LV function after @entity583 in @entity1 where there is no attempt at early reperfusion is discussed. Studies of LV function following thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 have illustrated the following points. Time to successful reperfusion appears to be a critical determinant for potential for LV functional recovery. If reperfusion is achieved within 2.5 hours after onset of symptoms, consistent recovery of function within the @entity1188 zone appears to be possible. With reperfusion from 2.5 to six hours after onset of symptoms, there is no predictable, substantial improvement in either global or regional LV function. Within the framework of this general conclusion, there are three potential exceptions: Successful reperfusion up to six hours after onset of symptoms may prevent @entity1188 expansion. @entity1 with subtotal occlusion of the @entity1188 vessel prior to therapy in this time period may have more potential for recovery of LV function than those with @entity432 . A tight residual @entity850 following thrombolytic therapy may mask potential for functional recovery in the @entity1188 zone. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of @entity583 is one obvious solution for the overall lack of beneficial results on evolution of LV function seen in most studies to date.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of thrombolytic therapy on evolution of left ventricular function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['initial total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: One hundred eighty-seven @entity957 of the lower lip were examined microscopically to identify parameters that might predict @entity3 and @entity1 outcome. Excision specimens of 157 nonmetastasizing @entity189 (group I) were compared with specimens from 30 @entity5 that had metastasized (group II). The following features were recorded: architectural pattern; microscopic thickness (mm); cytologic grade; presence of muscle, nerve, or vessel invasion; inflammatory response; and mitotic rate. The mean thickness was 2.5 mm for group I @entity5 and 7.5 mm for group II @entity5 . Seventy-six per cent of the group I @entity5 were 3 mm thick or less, whereas only one group II lesion (3 per cent) was less than 3 mm thick. Five per cent of the group I @entity5 , compared with 77 per cent of the group II @entity5 , were at least 6 mm thick. Perineural invasion was seen in 5 per cent of the group I and 41 per cent of the group II lesions. Three per cent of the group I @entity189 had a dispersed pattern, compared with 57 per cent of those in group II. One group I lesion (0.6 per cent) and 37 per cent of the group II @entity5 were grade 4. Each of these differences was statistically significant (P less than 0.0001). For all lesions studied, @entity3 had occurred in 60 per cent with perineural invasion, 74 per cent measuring 6 mm or more, 77 per cent with a dispersed pattern, and 92 per cent that were grade 4. These important prognostic variables were best evaluated in the deeper portions of the lesions.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX of the lower lip.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity74 is a relatively new condition, and the criteria for its diagnosis have been developed only over the last several years. The criteria for @entity988 remain controversial. We strive to further elucidate the clinical validity of the diagnostic criteria for @entity988 . To test items of the diagnostic criteria for @entity988 among adolescents, we conducted a clinical interview study of college students based on longitudinal data on their risky use of the Internet. Forty-one high-risk cases were selected from a 3-year 5-time point longitudinal survey of 716 college freshmen. We examined disputes relevant to symptoms and impairment in the DC-IA-A (Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction among Taiwanese Adolescents). Of the 41 cases, 21 were diagnosed with @entity988 via a @entity146 interview. In the @entity74 group, 23.8% of cases had a diagnosis of @entity308 , whereas only 15.0% of the cases in the non- @entity988 group had a diagnosis of @entity308 . Two major criteria (A8 and A3) had low incidences in these high-risk college students and thus did not help provide a differential diagnosis between the groups. We suggest that A8, 'excessive effort spent on activities necessary to obtain access to the Internet', should be omitted, and that A3, 'tolerance: a marked increase in the duration of Internet use needed to achieve satisfaction', should be modified. A1 and A9 should be discussed regarding their role in the diagnosis of @entity74 . Additional well-designed studies examining the diagnostic criteria and the relationship between factors are needed.

title: Examining the Application of the DC-IA-A Diagnostic Criteria for Internet XXXX in At-Risk College Students.

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['Internet addiction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Internet addiction disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Addiction Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A variable decision in managing @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is the initial site of care; in- @entity1 versus outpatient. These variations persist despite comprehensive practice guidelines. @entity1 with a @entity55 Severity Index (PSI) score lower than seventy have low risk for complications and outpatient antibiotic management is recommended in this group. These @entity1 are generally below the age of fifty years, non-nursing home residents, @entity645 negative and have no major @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 296 low-risk @entity497 @entity1 evaluated within a year one period at St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland was undertaken. All @entity1 were assigned a PSI score. 208 (70%) were evaluated and discharged from the emergency department (E.D.) to complete outpatient antibiotic therapy, while 88 (30%) were hospitalized. @entity1 were sub-stratified into classes I-V according to PSI. A comparison of demographic, clinical, social and financial parameters was made between the E.D. discharged and hospitalized groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in favor of the hospitalized group were noted for female gender (CI: 1.46-5.89, p= 0.0018), African Americans (CI: 0.31-0.73, p= 0.004), insurance coverage (CI: 0.19-0.63, p= 0.0034), temperature (CI: 0.04-0.09, p= 0.0001) and pulse rate (CI: 0.03-0.14, p= 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for altered mental status, @entity551 , @entity7405 , laboratory/radiological parameters and social indicators (p>0.05). The average length of stay for in- @entity1 was 3.5 days at about eight time's higher cost than outpatient management. There was no difference in mortality or treatment failures between the two groups. The documentation rate and justifications for hospitalizing low risk @entity497 @entity1 by admitting physicians was less than optimal. CONCLUSIONS: High fever, @entity591 , female gender, African- American race and medical insurance coverage are determinants for hospitalization among low risk @entity497 @entity1 in our study. The average length of stay for in- @entity1 was 3.5 days (3 to 5 days). The cost of in- @entity1 care was about eight times higher than outpatient management. This study supports the recommendation of using the PSI for E.D evaluation of @entity1 in appropriate social settings.

title: Determinants for hospitalization in " low-risk" XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, hepatic, renal or malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community acquired pneumonia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medical treatment for fulminat @entity1578 seeks spontaneous recovery of the liver function, but the results are very discouraging (50-80% mortality). Liver transplantation is an option in @entity1 with a poor evolution despite medical treatment, with survival rates of > 50%. The ideal moment for performing the transplant is controversial, as it should not be done too soon, when the @entity409 is still reversible, or tool late, when the @entity1 is in an irreversible clinical situation. @entity1 AND METHOD: A retrospective review was made of the clinical histories of 34 @entity1 admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of @entity879 , of whom 26 underwent transplantation. The most frequent cause was viral, with 10 cases (38%); no aetiology at all could be established in 11 cases (42%). Thirteen @entity1 had preoperative complications, the most frequent being @entity177 . As for degree of ABO/DR compatibility, 13 cases were identical (40%), 17 compatible (51%) and the other 3 incompatible (9%). RESULTS: Thirty-three transplants were performed in 26 @entity1 : 4 were retransplants due to chronic rejection, 2 for primary graft failure and 1 for hyperacute rejection. The overall mortality rate was 46% (12 @entity1 ), the most frequent cause of death being infection (50%). The overall actuarial survival rate was 68% at 1 year, 63% at 3 years and 59% at 5 years. The factors of poor prognosis were @entity177 , a grade D electroencephalogram, and @entity75 grades III and IV, the latter being the only prognostic factor identified in the multivariate analysis. The prognostic factors for mortality were a grade D electroencephalogram, @entity75 grades III and IV and @entity1576 , the latter being the only prognostic factor identified in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The achievement of good results with the use of transplantation in the management of @entity879 depends on an optimum selection of transplant candidates, which means identifying them early, i.e. early indication for transplant, reduction in mean waiting time and exclusion of factors of poor prognosis.

title: [Fulminant XXXX and liver transplantation. Experience of the Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and respiratory insufficiency', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['hepatic failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12950 , expressed on greater than 90% of @entity1892 , is a target for antibody therapy. Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein @entity12950 , allowing it to destroy B cells and to treat @entity706 , @entity1778 , transplant rejection, and @entity792 . In this work, the binding of Rituximab with @entity20740 ( @entity20740 ) of peptide mimotopes of @entity12950 antigen was systematically characterized. Four peptide mimotopes of @entity12950 were selected from literature and redesigned to allow their @entity20740 immobilizations on gold electrodes through a peptide linker with @entity462 . The bindings of these peptides with Rituximab and control antibodies (Trastuzumab, and Bevacizumab) were characterized by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). Among the four peptide mimotopes initially selected, the peptide designated as CN-14 (CGSGSGSWPRWLEN) was the most selective and sensitive for Rituximab binding. The CN-14 @entity20740 was further characterized by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The thickness of the CN-14 @entity20740 film was approximately 32    and the CN-14 @entity20740 is suggested to be stabilized by a salt bridge of @entity534 -10 and GLU-13 between CN-14 peptides. The CN-14 salt bridge was evaluated by a series of modifications to the CN-14 peptide sequence and characterized by QCM. The CN-14 @entity6346 variant produced a better affinity to Rituximab than that of CN-14 without a significant impact on selectivity. As the @entity367 residue pKa of CN-14 increased, the affinity of the @entity20740 to Rituximab increased while the selectivity decreased. This was attributed to the weakening of the salt bridge between the CN-14 ARG-10 and GLU-13 at higher pKa values for GLU-13. Our study shows that peptide mimotopes have potential benefit in sensor applications as the peptide-peptide interactions in the @entity20740 could be manipulated by the addition of functional groups to the peptide to influence binding of the target protein.

title: Characterization of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Peptide Mimotopes of XXXX Antigen and Their Binding with Rituximab.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity20740 :: ('MESH:C564991', 'Disease') :: ['SAM', 'self-assembled monolayers']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-lymphocytic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity12950 :: (931,Gene) :: ['CD20']


abstract: We examined the pulmonary vascular response to an intravenous leukotriene D4 (LTD4) injection of (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 for 2 min) immediately followed by infusion of 0.133 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 for 15 min in awake @entity742 prepared with lung lymph fistulas. LTD4 resulted in rapid generation of @entity2404 as measured by an increase in plasma @entity7489 concentration. The @entity7489 generation was associated with @entity358 while left atrial pressure did not change significantly. Pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) increased (P less than 0.05) transiently from base line 6.87 +/- 1.88 (SE) ml/h to maximum value of 9.77 +/- 1.27 at 15 min following the LTD4 infusion. The maximum increase in Qlym was associated with an increase in the estimated pulmonary capillary pressure. The increase in Qlym was not associated with a change in the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration (L/P) ratio. Thromboxane synthetase inhibition with @entity16982 (an @entity8304 derivative) prevented @entity7489 generation after LTD4 and also prevented the increases in pulmonary vascular pressures and Qlym. We conclude that LTD4 in awake @entity742 increases resistance of large pulmonary veins. The small transient increase in Qlym can be explained by the increase in pulmonary capillary pressure. @entity2871 appears to mediate both the pulmonary hemodynamic and lymph responses to LTD4 in @entity742 .

title: Pulmonary vascular response to leukotriene D4 in unanesthetized XXXX : role of @entity2871 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['Thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increases in pulmonary arterial and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures']

entities_list: @entity16982 :: ('MESH:C029166', 'Chemical') :: ['dazoxiben']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: We examined the pulmonary vascular response to an intravenous leukotriene D4 (LTD4) injection of (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 for 2 min) immediately followed by infusion of 0.133 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 for 15 min in awake @entity742 prepared with lung lymph fistulas. LTD4 resulted in rapid generation of @entity2404 as measured by an increase in plasma @entity7489 concentration. The @entity7489 generation was associated with @entity358 while left atrial pressure did not change significantly. Pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) increased (P less than 0.05) transiently from base line 6.87 +/- 1.88 (SE) ml/h to maximum value of 9.77 +/- 1.27 at 15 min following the LTD4 infusion. The maximum increase in Qlym was associated with an increase in the estimated pulmonary capillary pressure. The increase in Qlym was not associated with a change in the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration (L/P) ratio. Thromboxane synthetase inhibition with @entity16982 (an @entity8304 derivative) prevented @entity7489 generation after LTD4 and also prevented the increases in pulmonary vascular pressures and Qlym. We conclude that LTD4 in awake @entity742 increases resistance of large pulmonary veins. The small transient increase in Qlym can be explained by the increase in pulmonary capillary pressure. @entity2871 appears to mediate both the pulmonary hemodynamic and lymph responses to LTD4 in @entity742 .

title: Pulmonary vascular response to leukotriene D4 in unanesthetized @entity742 : role of XXXX .

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: The @entity158 dislocated or subluxated hip in the @entity1 with @entity306 presents a difficult problem in management. Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity306 who had a @entity158 subluxated or dislocated hip with degenerative changes were operated on at The Hospital for Special Surgery. Eight @entity1 had a unilateral hip arthrodesis. Six had a successful arthrodesis initially, resulting in relief of @entity158 and return to the preoperative functional level. A @entity1516 developed in two @entity1 , but both had successful revision surgery, one by a second arthrodesis and the other by a total hip replacement. Thirteen of the fifteen @entity1 with a total hip replacement were @entity158 -free and functioning at a level consistent with their over-all involvement. One @entity1 had migration of the greater trochanter and slight bending of the femoral component, with persistent @entity158 . A second @entity1 had progressive @entity2096 over a period of seven years, but continued to walk with minimum @entity158 . Two @entity1 had a recurrent dislocation, one requiring revision of the femoral component and the other, of the acetabular component. We think that the presence of @entity306 , even in the @entity1 with severe involvement, is not a contraindication for either a hip arthrodesis or a total hip replacement for a @entity158 deformed or degenerated hip. These @entity1 should be treated for the @entity158 in the hip, and the presence of the underlying @entity4094 should not deter the appropriate treatment. For unilateral @entity572 in @entity1 who are unable to walk and in young, active @entity1 , we recommend hip fusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The treatment of the XXXX hip in @entity306 by total hip replacement or hip arthrodesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorder']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['loosening of the femoral component']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: The @entity158 dislocated or subluxated hip in the @entity1 with @entity306 presents a difficult problem in management. Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity306 who had a @entity158 subluxated or dislocated hip with degenerative changes were operated on at The Hospital for Special Surgery. Eight @entity1 had a unilateral hip arthrodesis. Six had a successful arthrodesis initially, resulting in relief of @entity158 and return to the preoperative functional level. A @entity1516 developed in two @entity1 , but both had successful revision surgery, one by a second arthrodesis and the other by a total hip replacement. Thirteen of the fifteen @entity1 with a total hip replacement were @entity158 -free and functioning at a level consistent with their over-all involvement. One @entity1 had migration of the greater trochanter and slight bending of the femoral component, with persistent @entity158 . A second @entity1 had progressive @entity2096 over a period of seven years, but continued to walk with minimum @entity158 . Two @entity1 had a recurrent dislocation, one requiring revision of the femoral component and the other, of the acetabular component. We think that the presence of @entity306 , even in the @entity1 with severe involvement, is not a contraindication for either a hip arthrodesis or a total hip replacement for a @entity158 deformed or degenerated hip. These @entity1 should be treated for the @entity158 in the hip, and the presence of the underlying @entity4094 should not deter the appropriate treatment. For unilateral @entity572 in @entity1 who are unable to walk and in young, active @entity1 , we recommend hip fusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The treatment of the @entity158 hip in XXXX by total hip replacement or hip arthrodesis.

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: The increasing therapeutic use of @entity32738 metal binding agents, such as @entity72288 ( @entity20662 ), has stimulated the need for a sensitive and selective method for their determination in biological fluids. A method has now been developed in which @entity20662 was converted to a highly fluorescent and stable derivative by reaction with @entity28945 in aqueous solution at pH 8.3. The reaction was complete within 5 min. The derivative was separated by ion-pair reversed-phase column liquid chromatography. The mass spectrum of the derivative showed that two @entity28945 molecules reacted with one @entity20662 molecule. This method is also applicable to the determination of other @entity67848 . The detection limit for @entity20662 in urine is 10 pmol per 20-microliters injection and the precision is 7.4% at the 100-pmol level. The fluorescence response was linear from 1 to 400 micron. This method was used to determine @entity20662 in the urine of @entity95 treated with this metal binding agent. In addition, total @entity20662 was determined by adding @entity10009 to the same urine to reduce biotransformed and oxidized @entity20662 .

title: Fluorometric determination of XXXX and other @entity67848 by precolumn derivatization with @entity28945 and column liquid chromatography.

entities_list: @entity67848 :: ('CHEBI:23853', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiols']

entities_list: @entity28945 :: ('MESH:C028381', 'Chemical') :: ['bromobimane']

entities_list: @entity72288 :: ('CHEBI:888', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity10009 :: ('CHEBI:50985', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tetrahydridoborate']

answer: @entity72288 :: (CHEBI:888,Chemical) :: ['2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid']


abstract: The increasing therapeutic use of @entity32738 metal binding agents, such as @entity72288 ( @entity20662 ), has stimulated the need for a sensitive and selective method for their determination in biological fluids. A method has now been developed in which @entity20662 was converted to a highly fluorescent and stable derivative by reaction with @entity28945 in aqueous solution at pH 8.3. The reaction was complete within 5 min. The derivative was separated by ion-pair reversed-phase column liquid chromatography. The mass spectrum of the derivative showed that two @entity28945 molecules reacted with one @entity20662 molecule. This method is also applicable to the determination of other @entity67848 . The detection limit for @entity20662 in urine is 10 pmol per 20-microliters injection and the precision is 7.4% at the 100-pmol level. The fluorescence response was linear from 1 to 400 micron. This method was used to determine @entity20662 in the urine of @entity95 treated with this metal binding agent. In addition, total @entity20662 was determined by adding @entity10009 to the same urine to reduce biotransformed and oxidized @entity20662 .

title: Fluorometric determination of @entity72288 and other XXXX by precolumn derivatization with @entity28945 and column liquid chromatography.

answer: @entity67848 :: (CHEBI:23853,Chemical) :: ['dithiols']


abstract: The increasing therapeutic use of @entity32738 metal binding agents, such as @entity72288 ( @entity20662 ), has stimulated the need for a sensitive and selective method for their determination in biological fluids. A method has now been developed in which @entity20662 was converted to a highly fluorescent and stable derivative by reaction with @entity28945 in aqueous solution at pH 8.3. The reaction was complete within 5 min. The derivative was separated by ion-pair reversed-phase column liquid chromatography. The mass spectrum of the derivative showed that two @entity28945 molecules reacted with one @entity20662 molecule. This method is also applicable to the determination of other @entity67848 . The detection limit for @entity20662 in urine is 10 pmol per 20-microliters injection and the precision is 7.4% at the 100-pmol level. The fluorescence response was linear from 1 to 400 micron. This method was used to determine @entity20662 in the urine of @entity95 treated with this metal binding agent. In addition, total @entity20662 was determined by adding @entity10009 to the same urine to reduce biotransformed and oxidized @entity20662 .

title: Fluorometric determination of @entity72288 and other @entity67848 by precolumn derivatization with XXXX and column liquid chromatography.

answer: @entity28945 :: (MESH:C028381,Chemical) :: ['bromobimane']


abstract: Of the 90 cases of @entity459 surgically treated in our department over the last decade (1975-1985), ten cases had a mediastinal @entity3243 . In only two of these @entity1 was a median sternotomy required for excision of the mediastinal @entity652 . Three of the ten @entity1 underwent the initial operation in other institutions, having undergone a previous neck exploration. There were seven males and three females, ages ranging from 41-68 years. Six @entity1 had @entity1790 , four had both @entity1290 and @entity79 and two had @entity10189 . One of them was operated on as an emergency because of @entity2742 crisis with @entity460 levels of 15/16 mg%. Four @entity1 were asymptomatic and had @entity2741 detected by @entity11280 screening. The @entity460 level ranged from 11.5-16.2 mg%. The @entity3151 ranged from 1.6-2.8 mg% with a mean of 2.0 mg%. All ten @entity1 had plasma @entity461 determination by radioimmunoassay, the values ranged from 1.5-3 times normal. In seven of the ten cases, the mediastinal @entity3243 was localized within the thymus, the other three were adjacent to the great vessels, two to the aortic arch and one to the pulmonary artery-size ranging from 1.2-5.4 cm. Preoperative localization techniques: venous sampling in four cases; @entity1136 scanning in three cases. No preoperative localization techniques were used in the other three cases. There was no mortality nor other significant @entity260 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX due to mediastinal @entity3243 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroidal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Of the 90 cases of @entity459 surgically treated in our department over the last decade (1975-1985), ten cases had a mediastinal @entity3243 . In only two of these @entity1 was a median sternotomy required for excision of the mediastinal @entity652 . Three of the ten @entity1 underwent the initial operation in other institutions, having undergone a previous neck exploration. There were seven males and three females, ages ranging from 41-68 years. Six @entity1 had @entity1790 , four had both @entity1290 and @entity79 and two had @entity10189 . One of them was operated on as an emergency because of @entity2742 crisis with @entity460 levels of 15/16 mg%. Four @entity1 were asymptomatic and had @entity2741 detected by @entity11280 screening. The @entity460 level ranged from 11.5-16.2 mg%. The @entity3151 ranged from 1.6-2.8 mg% with a mean of 2.0 mg%. All ten @entity1 had plasma @entity461 determination by radioimmunoassay, the values ranged from 1.5-3 times normal. In seven of the ten cases, the mediastinal @entity3243 was localized within the thymus, the other three were adjacent to the great vessels, two to the aortic arch and one to the pulmonary artery-size ranging from 1.2-5.4 cm. Preoperative localization techniques: venous sampling in four cases; @entity1136 scanning in three cases. No preoperative localization techniques were used in the other three cases. There was no mortality nor other significant @entity260 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity459 due to mediastinal XXXX .

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent studies showed that a positive microbiological result from sonication of the @entity4625 spacer was associated with poor outcome of @entity1 , but no quantitative analysis has yet been performed. For this purpose, a prospective analysis of 50 spacers (46 @entity1 ) was performed. All spacers were processed according to a previously described protocol, including centrifugation and quantitative culture. Clinical data and outcome were also analysed. A statistical relationship between the results of the cultures and the outcome of the @entity1 was assessed. Sixteen @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity281 . Thirteen out of 50 spacers gave a positive culture. Nine of 13 presented with growth of an organism not isolated in the first-stage cultures, and in 7 out of 13 the organisms count was high (>10,000  CFU/ml). We have detected a significant statistical relationship between poor outcome and positive cultures, high colony counts, isolation of different organisms, positive periprosthetic cultures and @entity281 . The detection in a sonicated, antibiotic-loaded @entity4625 spacer of organisms other than those isolated in the first surgical samples or high colony counts of any organisms is diagnostic with regard to @entity281 .

title: Diagnosis of XXXX using quantitative cultures from sonicated antibiotics-loaded spacers: implications for the clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['spacer-associated infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['spacer-associated infection']


abstract: Fifty-eight @entity1 conservatively treated for T1 @entity0 are analyzed for cosmetic outcome; 17 had concomitant adjuvant combination chemotherapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , 5 @entity1487 ). The results are evaluated by clinical criteria and a quantitative measurement by use of light field projection at 33 months median follow-up. Surgery consisted of lumpectomy and axillary dissection; radiotherapy was given to the breast only except for additional internal mammary irradiation in central and medial lesions. (50 Gy whole breast, 64 Gy electron/photon boost). Questionnaires are used for inquiry on @entity1 experience: 88% of the @entity1 experienced a good to excellent cosmetic outcome. According to the panel only 64% show a good to excellent cosmesis. Panel-scores on asymmetry are compared with quantitative measurements. More @entity2910 and probably a higher degree of @entity82 in the boost area is found in the chemotherapy group. No differences in cosmetic outcome, complication rates, and @entity1 experiences are seen. Results are compared with published data.

title: Conservative XXXX treatment: analysis of cosmetic results and the role of concomitant adjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors used a large community sample of @entity888 (MA) users to verify the patterns and severity of @entity7291 and establish a hierarchy of caries susceptibility by tooth type and tooth surface. METHODS: Using a stratified sampling approach, 571 MA users received comprehensive oral examinations and psychosocial assessments. Three calibrated dentists characterized @entity2520 by using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocols. The authors also collected data on substance use history and other attributes linked to @entity7291 . RESULTS: On all dental outcome measures, MA users evidenced high @entity2520 , with older (>=  30 years) and moderate or heavy MA users disproportionately affected. @entity1 had higher rates of @entity2524 and caries, as well as a greater prevalence of anterior caries. Current cigarette smokers were more likely to manifest 5 or more anterior surfaces with untreated caries and 3 or more teeth with root caries. Nearly 3% were edentulous, and a significant percentage (40%) indicated embarrassment with their dental appearance. CONCLUSIONS: MA users have high rates of @entity2520 and manifest a dose-response relationship, with greater levels of MA use associated with higher rates of @entity7291 . @entity1 and current cigarette smokers are affected disproportionately. The intraoral patterns and hierarchy of caries susceptibility in MA users are distinctive. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The prevalence and patterns of @entity2520 could be used to alert dentists to possible covert MA use and to plan treatment. Concerns about dental appearance have potential as triggers for behavioral interventions.

title: @entity7291 patterns in XXXX users: Findings in a large urban sample.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['dental and periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['dental disease']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors used a large community sample of @entity888 (MA) users to verify the patterns and severity of @entity7291 and establish a hierarchy of caries susceptibility by tooth type and tooth surface. METHODS: Using a stratified sampling approach, 571 MA users received comprehensive oral examinations and psychosocial assessments. Three calibrated dentists characterized @entity2520 by using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocols. The authors also collected data on substance use history and other attributes linked to @entity7291 . RESULTS: On all dental outcome measures, MA users evidenced high @entity2520 , with older (>=  30 years) and moderate or heavy MA users disproportionately affected. @entity1 had higher rates of @entity2524 and caries, as well as a greater prevalence of anterior caries. Current cigarette smokers were more likely to manifest 5 or more anterior surfaces with untreated caries and 3 or more teeth with root caries. Nearly 3% were edentulous, and a significant percentage (40%) indicated embarrassment with their dental appearance. CONCLUSIONS: MA users have high rates of @entity2520 and manifest a dose-response relationship, with greater levels of MA use associated with higher rates of @entity7291 . @entity1 and current cigarette smokers are affected disproportionately. The intraoral patterns and hierarchy of caries susceptibility in MA users are distinctive. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The prevalence and patterns of @entity2520 could be used to alert dentists to possible covert MA use and to plan treatment. Concerns about dental appearance have potential as triggers for behavioral interventions.

title: XXXX patterns in @entity888 users: Findings in a large urban sample.

answer: @entity7291 :: (MESH:D009057,Disease) :: ['Dental disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have recently reported that, in healthy elderly Dutch individuals, a @entity16123 polymorphism in the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) gene is associated with higher sensitivity to low-dose @entity619 (0.25 mg), evaluated as both @entity701 suppression and insulin response, and with an increased body mass index (BMI). In the present study we investigated the role of the @entity16123 polymorphism, and a BclI restriction site polymorphism in a group of Italian @entity1 with severe @entity28 . DESIGN: Two hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 (mean BMI 45.9 +/- 0.9 kg/m2) were genotyped using both PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and Taqman Sequence Detection System. Determination of several metabolic and antropometric parameters was also performed in order to correlate them to the genotype. RESULTS: In this group of @entity28 @entity1 , 13 subjects (eight female, five males) were heterozygous for the @entity16123 variant (allelic frequency 2.3%) and had significantly higher BMI (P < 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P < 0.03) and food intake (P < 0.01) when compared to wild-type homozygotes. When the data were analysed according to sex, female heterozygotes for the @entity16123 allele had significantly higher BMI (P = 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P = 0.03) and food intake (P = 0.008) than @entity28 @entity1 with the wild-type 363 GR gene. Male carriers of this variant also had higher values for these variables although the differences did not reach statistical significance. A case-control study with homozygous wild-type @entity28 subjects which were age-, sex- and BMI-matched, revealed no difference in resting energy expenditure and food intake. The allele frequency of the BclI variant was 27% (89 females and 41 males out of 269 subjects). No differences in anthropometric and metabolic parameters were found between subjects heterozygous or homozygous for this variant @entity4738 in this @entity28 population. However, when we studied the effect of the presence of the BclI polymorphism and the @entity16123 variant in the same individual, we found that the subjects who carried both polymorphisms had a tendency towards higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and significantly higher total and LDL- @entity165 levels (P = 0.005 and P = 0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: Taking the results of this study and those obtained in the Dutch population, we speculate that heterozygous carriers of the @entity16123 variant who develop @entity28 , may become even more @entity28 , possibly because they have a hypersensitive insulin response and thus, via activation of lipogenesis, store fat more efficiently. Furthermore, these data suggest that @entity16123 carriers who carry the BclI polymorphism as well, tend to have a slightly unfavourable cardiovascular profile.

title: The relation between two polymorphisms in the @entity4738 gene and body mass index, blood pressure and @entity165 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have recently reported that, in healthy elderly Dutch individuals, a @entity16123 polymorphism in the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) gene is associated with higher sensitivity to low-dose @entity619 (0.25 mg), evaluated as both @entity701 suppression and insulin response, and with an increased body mass index (BMI). In the present study we investigated the role of the @entity16123 polymorphism, and a BclI restriction site polymorphism in a group of Italian @entity1 with severe @entity28 . DESIGN: Two hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 (mean BMI 45.9 +/- 0.9 kg/m2) were genotyped using both PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and Taqman Sequence Detection System. Determination of several metabolic and antropometric parameters was also performed in order to correlate them to the genotype. RESULTS: In this group of @entity28 @entity1 , 13 subjects (eight female, five males) were heterozygous for the @entity16123 variant (allelic frequency 2.3%) and had significantly higher BMI (P < 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P < 0.03) and food intake (P < 0.01) when compared to wild-type homozygotes. When the data were analysed according to sex, female heterozygotes for the @entity16123 allele had significantly higher BMI (P = 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P = 0.03) and food intake (P = 0.008) than @entity28 @entity1 with the wild-type 363 GR gene. Male carriers of this variant also had higher values for these variables although the differences did not reach statistical significance. A case-control study with homozygous wild-type @entity28 subjects which were age-, sex- and BMI-matched, revealed no difference in resting energy expenditure and food intake. The allele frequency of the BclI variant was 27% (89 females and 41 males out of 269 subjects). No differences in anthropometric and metabolic parameters were found between subjects heterozygous or homozygous for this variant @entity4738 in this @entity28 population. However, when we studied the effect of the presence of the BclI polymorphism and the @entity16123 variant in the same individual, we found that the subjects who carried both polymorphisms had a tendency towards higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and significantly higher total and LDL- @entity165 levels (P = 0.005 and P = 0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: Taking the results of this study and those obtained in the Dutch population, we speculate that heterozygous carriers of the @entity16123 variant who develop @entity28 , may become even more @entity28 , possibly because they have a hypersensitive insulin response and thus, via activation of lipogenesis, store fat more efficiently. Furthermore, these data suggest that @entity16123 carriers who carry the BclI polymorphism as well, tend to have a slightly unfavourable cardiovascular profile.

title: The relation between two polymorphisms in the @entity4738 gene and body mass index, blood pressure and XXXX in @entity28 @entity1 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have recently reported that, in healthy elderly Dutch individuals, a @entity16123 polymorphism in the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) gene is associated with higher sensitivity to low-dose @entity619 (0.25 mg), evaluated as both @entity701 suppression and insulin response, and with an increased body mass index (BMI). In the present study we investigated the role of the @entity16123 polymorphism, and a BclI restriction site polymorphism in a group of Italian @entity1 with severe @entity28 . DESIGN: Two hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 (mean BMI 45.9 +/- 0.9 kg/m2) were genotyped using both PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and Taqman Sequence Detection System. Determination of several metabolic and antropometric parameters was also performed in order to correlate them to the genotype. RESULTS: In this group of @entity28 @entity1 , 13 subjects (eight female, five males) were heterozygous for the @entity16123 variant (allelic frequency 2.3%) and had significantly higher BMI (P < 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P < 0.03) and food intake (P < 0.01) when compared to wild-type homozygotes. When the data were analysed according to sex, female heterozygotes for the @entity16123 allele had significantly higher BMI (P = 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P = 0.03) and food intake (P = 0.008) than @entity28 @entity1 with the wild-type 363 GR gene. Male carriers of this variant also had higher values for these variables although the differences did not reach statistical significance. A case-control study with homozygous wild-type @entity28 subjects which were age-, sex- and BMI-matched, revealed no difference in resting energy expenditure and food intake. The allele frequency of the BclI variant was 27% (89 females and 41 males out of 269 subjects). No differences in anthropometric and metabolic parameters were found between subjects heterozygous or homozygous for this variant @entity4738 in this @entity28 population. However, when we studied the effect of the presence of the BclI polymorphism and the @entity16123 variant in the same individual, we found that the subjects who carried both polymorphisms had a tendency towards higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and significantly higher total and LDL- @entity165 levels (P = 0.005 and P = 0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: Taking the results of this study and those obtained in the Dutch population, we speculate that heterozygous carriers of the @entity16123 variant who develop @entity28 , may become even more @entity28 , possibly because they have a hypersensitive insulin response and thus, via activation of lipogenesis, store fat more efficiently. Furthermore, these data suggest that @entity16123 carriers who carry the BclI polymorphism as well, tend to have a slightly unfavourable cardiovascular profile.

title: The relation between two polymorphisms in the XXXX gene and body mass index, blood pressure and @entity165 in @entity28 @entity1 .

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have recently reported that, in healthy elderly Dutch individuals, a @entity16123 polymorphism in the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) gene is associated with higher sensitivity to low-dose @entity619 (0.25 mg), evaluated as both @entity701 suppression and insulin response, and with an increased body mass index (BMI). In the present study we investigated the role of the @entity16123 polymorphism, and a BclI restriction site polymorphism in a group of Italian @entity1 with severe @entity28 . DESIGN: Two hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 (mean BMI 45.9 +/- 0.9 kg/m2) were genotyped using both PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and Taqman Sequence Detection System. Determination of several metabolic and antropometric parameters was also performed in order to correlate them to the genotype. RESULTS: In this group of @entity28 @entity1 , 13 subjects (eight female, five males) were heterozygous for the @entity16123 variant (allelic frequency 2.3%) and had significantly higher BMI (P < 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P < 0.03) and food intake (P < 0.01) when compared to wild-type homozygotes. When the data were analysed according to sex, female heterozygotes for the @entity16123 allele had significantly higher BMI (P = 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P = 0.03) and food intake (P = 0.008) than @entity28 @entity1 with the wild-type 363 GR gene. Male carriers of this variant also had higher values for these variables although the differences did not reach statistical significance. A case-control study with homozygous wild-type @entity28 subjects which were age-, sex- and BMI-matched, revealed no difference in resting energy expenditure and food intake. The allele frequency of the BclI variant was 27% (89 females and 41 males out of 269 subjects). No differences in anthropometric and metabolic parameters were found between subjects heterozygous or homozygous for this variant @entity4738 in this @entity28 population. However, when we studied the effect of the presence of the BclI polymorphism and the @entity16123 variant in the same individual, we found that the subjects who carried both polymorphisms had a tendency towards higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and significantly higher total and LDL- @entity165 levels (P = 0.005 and P = 0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: Taking the results of this study and those obtained in the Dutch population, we speculate that heterozygous carriers of the @entity16123 variant who develop @entity28 , may become even more @entity28 , possibly because they have a hypersensitive insulin response and thus, via activation of lipogenesis, store fat more efficiently. Furthermore, these data suggest that @entity16123 carriers who carry the BclI polymorphism as well, tend to have a slightly unfavourable cardiovascular profile.

title: The relation between two polymorphisms in the @entity4738 gene and body mass index, blood pressure and @entity165 in @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the @entity10281 ( @entity10281 )-based quality indicator, " @entity308 without treatment," and examine whether a nonphysician-based educational intervention can improve the accuracy of @entity10281 questions regarding @entity308 and its treatment. SUBJECTS: All residents of a 538-bed urban, university affiliated, long-term-care (LTC) facility. Nursing and social work staff involved in completing the mood and behavior items on the @entity10281 . DESIGN: Two retrospective chart review of psychotropic medications, @entity146 diagnoses, mental health evaluation, and treatment of all residents who were identified as displaying the @entity10281 quality indicator, @entity308 without treatment, before and 2 months after an educational intervention. The education consisted of three 1 1/2-hour sessions led by a @entity146 clinical nurse specialist to educate registered nurse assessment coordinators and social workers about psychotropic medications, clinical characteristics of @entity146 diagnoses, chart review, and coordination of resident medical care. RESULTS: The first @entity10281 identified 66 residents as having @entity308 without treatment. Clinical record review revealed that 11 of these residents were receiving an antidepressant. Twenty-two others were receiving a psychotropic medication consistent with their @entity146 diagnosis. Twenty-five of the remaining residents had not received mental health assessment for greater than 1 year. Two months after the educational intervention, 36 residents were identified as @entity308 without treatment. Four of these residents were receiving an antidepressant; eight others were receiving a psychotropic medication consistent with their @entity146 diagnosis. Thirteen of the remaining residents had not received mental health assessment for greater than 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study reveals that the presence of the quality indicator, @entity308 without treatment, may not accurately capture clinically depressed LTC residents in need of mental health intervention. An educational intervention may be able to assist staff in more accurately completing @entity10281 questions regarding @entity308 and its treatment.

title: Challenging the quality of the quality indicator, " XXXX without treatment".

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['Minimum Data Set', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the costs associated with caring for severely demented residents nursing homes with and without feeding tubes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A 700-bed long-term care facility in Boston @entity1 : Nursing home residents aged 65 years and over with advanced @entity303 and eating problems for whom long-term feeding tube had been discussed as a treatment option. MEASUREMENTS: Costs were compared over the 6 months that followed the tube-feeding decision for those residents who did and did not undergo feeding tube placement for the following items: nursing time, physician assessments, food, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, diagnostic tests, treatment with antibiotics and parenteral hydration, and feeding tube insertion. RESULTS: Twenty-two subjects were included, 11 were tube-fed (mean age 84.3 years +/- 6.0) and 11 were hand-fed (mean age 90.2 years +/- 9.1). The daily costs of nursing home care were higher for the residents without feeding tubes compared with residents with tubes ( 4219 +/- 1546 vs  2379 +/- 1032, P = 0.006). Nonetheless, Medicaid reimbursement to nursing homes in at least 26 states is higher for demented residents who are tube-fed than for residents with similar deficits who are not tube-fed. Costs typically billed to Medicare were greater for the tube-fed @entity1 ( 6994 +/- 5790 vs.  959 +/- 591, P < 0.001), primarily because of the high costs associated with initial feeding tube placement and hospitalizations or @entity341 for the management of complications of tube-feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing homes are faced with a potential fiscal incentive to tube-feed residents with advanced @entity303 : tube-fed residents generate a higher daily reimbursement rate from Medicaid, yet require less expensive nursing home care. From a Medicare perspective, tube-fed @entity1 are expensive due to the high costs associated with feeding tube placement and acute management of complications. Further work is needed to determine whether these potential financial incentives influence tube-feeding decisions in practice.

title: Tube-feeding versus hand-feeding nursing home residents with advanced XXXX : a cost comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency rooms visits']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Pulmonary valve (PV) @entity884 ( @entity884 ) is a rare entity, accounting for 1.5% to 2% of cases of @entity884 . Published data are limited to a few case series and reports. We sought to review the Mayo Clinic experience and describe clinical, echocardiographic, and microbiologic features. We included all @entity1 aged >= 18  years seen from 2000 to 2014 who had a diagnosis of native PV @entity884 and unequivocal echocardiographic involvement of the PV. Nine @entity1 with PV @entity884 were identified. Isolated PV @entity884 was present in 7 (78%) of 9 cases. The median age was 59  years and 22% were @entity1 . Three @entity1 had @entity299 , 2 had central venous catheters, and 3 had cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Five @entity1 (56%) received chronic immunosuppressive therapy. @entity797 and viridans group streptococci were the most common pathogens, isolated in 22% of cases each. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) were done in 6 and 7 @entity1 , respectively. Four @entity1 underwent both procedures. TTE was diagnostic in all cases, but TEE failed to detect PV involvement in 1 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 1.8  years. Five @entity1 (56%) underwent PV replacement. There were no operative deaths. One @entity1 had @entity944 during follow-up, unrelated to his PV @entity884 episode. Our results suggest that PV @entity884 is rare but carries significant morbidity. TTE and TEE provide complementary information with TEE providing better visualization of other @entity299 . Our findings of a high prevalence of immunosuppressive therapy and cardiovascular implantable electronic devices have not been previously reported and deserve further investigation.

title: XXXX Involving the Pulmonary Valve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac structures', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective Endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) often require tailored healthcare and support packages that develop as the disease progresses. The Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) gathers retrospective information on service utilization. This study investigated the use of formal services and informal care as measured by the CSRI and explored associations between informal care, disease severity and functional ability as measured by the Unified @entity2033 Rating Scale Total Motor Score (UHDRS-TMS) and functional scales. METHODS: All monitored longitudinal data from annual clinical assessments of UHDRS-TMS and functional assessments and CSRI collected under the auspices of the European @entity2033 Network (EHDN) REGISTRY study between the years 2004 and 2009 were utilised in the analyses. Disease severity was reflected by UHDRS-TMS. Functional ability was measured using the UHDRS functional scales. CSRI data were analysed according to percentage use of individual formal services and total estimated hours per week of informal care. Regression analyses were conducted to identify any associations between disease severity, functional ability and hours of informal care. RESULTS: 451 @entity2033 @entity1 (212 female; 239 male) completed one visit; 105 @entity1 (54 females; 51 males) completed two visits and 47 @entity1 (20 females; 27 males) completed three visits in total over the 5 year period. The mean time between visits was 1.2 years. At visit one, 74% of the @entity1 reported being in receipt of at least one formal hospital-based service in the previous six months, and 89% reported receipt of formal primary and community care services. In contrast, at the third visit, 62% of @entity1 had used hospital based services and 94% formal community based services in the previous six months. Fifty % of individuals required some form of informal care in the home at visit 1; this increased to 68% at visits 2 and 3. The mean (SD) estimated weekly total informal care hours at visits 1, 2 and 3 were 32.8 (49.4); 21.6 (53.6) and 21.3 (62.4) respectively. Only the scores on the Functional Assessment Scale (FAS) accounted for the variance in the weekly total informal care hours at each visit. CONCLUSIONS: Although it must be acknowledged that service use is supply driven, most @entity2033 @entity1 across Europe surveyed as part of this study were in receipt of formal primary and community care services and to a lesser extent formal hospital based services. There was however a large reliance on informal care in the home. The FAS appear to have predictive value on informal care requirements and may have utility in facilitating pro-active service provision and in particular when managing carer burden in this population.

title: Utilisation of Healthcare and Associated Services in XXXX : a data mining study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's Disease", "Huntington's disease", 'HD']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Presently, the impact of @entity5 size as a prognostic factor after curative liver resection (LR) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) remains controversial. This study was performed to determine the prognostic factors of @entity1 undergoing LR for solitary @entity157 with special emphasis on the importance of @entity5 size. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2013, 560 @entity1 underwent curative LR for solitary primary @entity157 which met the study criteria. RESULTS: One-hundred and seventy-eight @entity1 underwent major hepatectomies and the overall in-hospital mortality was 2.0%. There were 282 @entity1 (50.4%) with @entity1575 . The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 64% and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 50%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that @entity82 , microvascular invasion and size were independent predictors of @entity1349 and @entity82 , microvascular invasion and age were independent prognostic factors of @entity1349 . Subset analysis demonstrated that @entity5 size was a prognostic factor for solitary @entity157 with microvascular invasion (AJCC T2) but not solitary @entity157 without microvascular invasion (AJCC T1). CONCLUSIONS: Size, microvascular invasion, and @entity82 are independent prognostic factors of @entity1349 for solitary @entity157 after LR. @entity5 size is an important prognostic factor in T2 but not T1 solitary @entity5 . These findings suggest that the current AJCC TNM staging system may need to be revised. J. Surg. Oncol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Importance of XXXX size as a prognostic factor after partial liver resection for @entity157 : Implications on the current AJCC staging system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'solitary hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'recurrence free survival', 'RFS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Presently, the impact of @entity5 size as a prognostic factor after curative liver resection (LR) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) remains controversial. This study was performed to determine the prognostic factors of @entity1 undergoing LR for solitary @entity157 with special emphasis on the importance of @entity5 size. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2013, 560 @entity1 underwent curative LR for solitary primary @entity157 which met the study criteria. RESULTS: One-hundred and seventy-eight @entity1 underwent major hepatectomies and the overall in-hospital mortality was 2.0%. There were 282 @entity1 (50.4%) with @entity1575 . The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 64% and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 50%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that @entity82 , microvascular invasion and size were independent predictors of @entity1349 and @entity82 , microvascular invasion and age were independent prognostic factors of @entity1349 . Subset analysis demonstrated that @entity5 size was a prognostic factor for solitary @entity157 with microvascular invasion (AJCC T2) but not solitary @entity157 without microvascular invasion (AJCC T1). CONCLUSIONS: Size, microvascular invasion, and @entity82 are independent prognostic factors of @entity1349 for solitary @entity157 after LR. @entity5 size is an important prognostic factor in T2 but not T1 solitary @entity5 . These findings suggest that the current AJCC TNM staging system may need to be revised. J. Surg. Oncol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Importance of @entity5 size as a prognostic factor after partial liver resection for XXXX : Implications on the current AJCC staging system.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['solitary hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dairy @entity291 are high value farm animals requiring careful management to achieve the best results. Since the advent of robotic and high throughput milking, the traditional few minutes available for individual @entity1 attention daily has disappeared and new automated technologies have been applied to improve monitoring of dairy @entity291 production, nutrition, fertility, health and welfare. @entity291 milked by robots must meet legal requirements to detect healthy milk. This review focuses on emerging technical approaches in those areas of high cost to the farmer (fertility, @entity209 , @entity1271 , @entity1273 and calving). The availability of low cost tri-axial accelerometers and wireless telemetry has allowed accurate models of behaviour to be developed and sometimes combined with rumination activity detected by acoustic sensors to detect oestrus; other measures (milk and skin temperature, electronic noses, milk yield) have been abandoned. In-line biosensors have been developed to detect markers for ovulation, pregnancy, @entity1132 , @entity1271 and metabolic changes. Wireless telemetry has been applied to develop boluses for monitoring the rumen pH and temperature to detect @entity209 . Udder health requires a multisensing approach due to the varying inflammatory responses collectively described as @entity1271 . Lameness can be detected by walk over weigh cells, but also by various types of video image analysis and speed measurement. Prediction and detection of calving time is an area of active research mostly focused on behavioural change.

title: Animal board invited review: precision livestock farming for dairy XXXX with a focus on oestrus detection.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Optic flow based navigation is a fundamental way of visual course control described in many different species including @entity1 . In the @entity238 , an essential part of optic flow analysis is performed in the lobula plate, a retinotopic map of motion in the environment. There, the so-called lobula plate tangential cells possess large receptive fields with different preferred directions in different parts of the visual field. Previous studies demonstrated an extensive connectivity between different tangential cells, providing, in principle, the structural basis for their large and complex receptive fields. We present a network simulation of the tangential cells, comprising most of the neurons studied so far (22 on each hemisphere) with all the known connectivity between them. On their dendrite, model neurons receive input from a retinotopic array of Reichardt-type motion detectors. Model neurons exhibit receptive fields much like their natural counterparts, demonstrating that the connectivity between the lobula plate tangential cells indeed can account for their complex receptive field structure. We describe the tuning of a model neuron to particular types of ego-motion (rotation as well as translation around/along a given body @entity2270 ) by its 'action field'. As we show for model neurons of the vertical system (VS-cells), each of them displays a different type of action field, i.e., responds maximally when the @entity238 is rotating around a particular body @entity2270 . However, the tuning width of the rotational action fields is relatively broad, comparable to the one with dendritic input only. The additional intra-lobula-plate connectivity mainly reduces their translational action field amplitude, i.e., their sensitivity to translational movements along any body @entity2270 of the @entity238 .

title: Neural action fields for optic flow based navigation: a simulation study of the XXXX lobula plate network.

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As a valuable medicinal plant, the yield of @entity9052 is seriously affected by autotoxicity, which is a common phenomenon due to continuous cropping. However, the mechanism of autotoxicity in @entity9052 is still unknown. RESULTS: In total, high throughput sequencing of 18 RNA-Seq libraries produced 996,000 000 100-nt reads that were assembled into 72,732 contigs. Compared with control, 3697 and 2828 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated across different tissues and time points, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 'enzyme inhibitor activity', 'carboxylesterase activity', 'pectinesterase activity', 'centrosome cycle and duplication' and 'mitotic spindle elongation' were enriched for the up-regulated genes. Transcription factors including AP2s/ERFs, MYBs, and WRKYs were up-regulated in roots after @entity13266 treatment. Moreover, reactive @entity26 species, peroxidases and @entity224 dismutase contigs were up-regulated in roots after @entity13266 treatment. Physiological and biochemical indexes showed that the @entity1521 and @entity1234 content were restored to lower levels at a later stage after @entity13266 treatment. @entity13266 inhibited the root hair development in a dose-dependent manner, and several differential expressed genes potentially involved in hair development were identified. Several key contigs in the @entity3096 and @entity9245 biosynthesis pathways were repressed. Finally, 58,518 @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) events from 12,950 genes were found after @entity13266 treatment. Interestingly, contigs in the @entity9245 biosynthetic pathway underwent @entity4373 , providing useful information about post-transcriptional regulation in @entity9052 . CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the stress-response molecular mechanisms in @entity9052 induced by @entity13266 .

title: Comprehensive characterization of a time-course transcriptional response induced by autotoxins in XXXX using RNA-Seq.

entities_list: @entity13266 :: ('MESH:D019817', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoic acid', 'Benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'alternative splicing']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity9245 :: ('D036145', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenoside']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['P. ginseng', 'Panax ginseng']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Panax ginseng']


abstract: Recent studies reveal the role of the ankle retinacula in proprioception and functional stability of the ankle, but there is no clear evidence of their role in the outcomes of @entity3681 . 25 @entity1 with outcomes of @entity3681 were evaluated by MRI to analyze possible @entity16 . @entity1 with damage were subdivided into two groups: group A comprised cases with ankle retinacula damage only, and group B those also with anterior talofibular ligament rupture or @entity236 . Both groups were examined by VAS, CRTA and static posturography and underwent three treatments of deep connective tissue massage (Fascial Manipulation technique). All evaluations were repeated after the end of treatment and at 1, 3 and 6 months. At MRI, alteration of at least one of the ankle retinacula was evident in 21 subjects, and a further lesion was also identified in 7 subjects. After treatment, VAS and CRTA evaluations showed a statistically significant decrease in values with respect to those before treatment (p < 0.0001). There were also significant improvements (p < 0.05) in stabilometric platform results. No significant difference was found between groups A and B. The initial benefit was generally maintained at follow-up. The alteration of retinacula at MRI clearly corresponds to the proprioceptive damage revealed by static posturography and clinical examination. Treatment focused on the retinacula may improve clinical outcomes and stabilometric data.

title: RMI study and clinical correlations of ankle retinacula damage and outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the ankle retinacula']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle sprain']


abstract: Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures. @entity32 is by far the most common pathology of the gallbladder. Terms for describing @entity2679 are numerous, thus there is no uniform terminology. One hundred cholecystectomies and 10 gallbladders from autopsies were reviewed and inflammatory changes were analyzed. @entity2679 was seen in 75% of cases with epithelial metaplasia and 73% with regenerative epithelium, the latter being associated with erosion but not with the presence of @entity9279 . Muscular thickening and adipose deposits were mostly mild. @entity32 was mild in 28%, moderatein 57%, and severe in 15%. Activity was found in 29% of cases. @entity82 was present in all cases: 26% mild, 62% moderate, and 12% severe. Autopsy cases did not show significant changes. A simple and reproducible scoring system of @entity32 and @entity82 of the gallbladder is proposed. Three numbers refer to mild, moderate, or severe degrees of @entity32 and activity, with a final score that results from adding both values. The @entity82 is classified in three different stages. The final report uses both values to classify the chronic @entity2679 . A scoring system for chronic cholecystopathy to replace descriptive terms would give an exact transduction of the observed changes in an objective fashion that could not be misinterpreted by physicians or other pathologists.

title: Histologic analysis of chronic inflammatory patterns in the gallbladder: diagnostic criteria for reporting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'Inflammation', 'inflammation', 'Inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic cholecystitis', 'cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that survival following surgery for @entity14 is better in @entity1 than @entity1 . However, the findings were inconsistent and few studies adjusted for case-mix. The aim of the present study was to establish whether there were gender differences in survival following surgery for @entity14 after adjusting for case-mix. METHODS: Some 3200 @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity14 between 1991 and 1994 in 11 hospitals in Scotland were included in the study. Five-year survival rates, and the corresponding hazard ratios, adjusted for age, mode of presentation, site of @entity5 , the nature of surgery and Dukes stage, were calculated for @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Overall survival at 5 years was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 , in those with @entity5 , those who underwent elective surgery and those who underwent apparently curative resection (all P < 0.001). Cancer-specific survival at 5 years was also higher in @entity1 (P = 0.008) and those who underwent elective surgery (P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios, for @entity1 relative to @entity1 following curative resection, were 0.76 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.68 to 0.85) (P < 0.001) for overall survival and 0.84 (95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 0.98) (P = 0.021) for @entity5 -specific survival. CONCLUSION: Following apparently curative resection for @entity14 and after adjusting for case-mix, there was an excess of both @entity5 -related and intercurrent deaths in @entity1 .

title: Male gender adversely affects survival following surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'colonic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The present study represents an analysis of 96 @entity1 with @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) treated in Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea between 1990 and 1999. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA identical sibling donors and 74 by immunosuppressive therapy (IS) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). There was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups in age, sex, disease duration, and previous transfusion amount. In the BMT group, grade II-IV acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) developed in 10% and chronic @entity2132 occurred in 33% of @entity1 . Only one @entity1 died from complication of transplantation ( @entity5501 ). Of 74 @entity1 who received IS treatment, 45% achieved a complete or partial response. Twenty @entity1 died among IS treatment group. Major causes of @entity204 were @entity548 (40%) and @entity281 (55%). In the BMT group, the 5-yr overall survival (OS) was 95% after a median follow-up of 42 months. In the IS group, the 5-yr OS was 70% after a median follow-up of 49 months (p=0.04). In conclusion, the long-term survival rates of @entity2150 in Koreans receiving BMT or IS were excellent compared with the Western data. Further evaluation on the prognosis of @entity2150 in Asians should be done.

title: The treatment of XXXX : outcomes of bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy in a single institution of Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA', 'aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['severe aplastic anemia']


abstract: Aberrant brain reward responses to food-related cues are an implied characteristic of @entity1 @entity28 ; yet, findings are inconsistent. To explain these inconsistencies, we aimed to uncover endophenotypes associated with heterogeneity in attributing incentive salience to food cues in the context of other emotionally salient cues; a phenomenon described as sign-vsgoal tracking in preclinical models. Data from 64 lean and 88 @entity28 adults who were 35.5        9.4 years old and predominantly @entity1 (79%) were analyzed. @entity1 viewed food-related, pleasant, neutral and unpleasant images while recording electroencephalograph. Late positive potentials were used to assess incentive salience attributed to the visual stimuli. Eating and affective traits were also assessed. Findings demonstrated that @entity28 individuals, in general, do not demonstrate aberrant brain reward responses to food-related cues. As hypothesized, latent profile analysis of the late positive potential uncovered two distinct groups. 'Sign-trackers' showed greater responses to food-related cues (P   <   0.001) but lower responses to pleasant stimuli (P   <   0.001) compared with 'goal-trackers'. There were proportionally more @entity28 than lean 'sign-trackers' (P   =   0.03). Obese 'sign-trackers' reported significantly higher levels of emotional eating and food craving (P   <   0.001). By examining the heterogeneity in brain reactivity to various emotional stimuli, this translational study highlights the need to consider important neurobehavioral endophenotypes of @entity28 .

title: Heterogeneity in brain reactivity to pleasant and food cues: evidence of sign-tracking in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']