abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mechanism of @entity2553 caused by concussion and the effect of @entity3931 on concussion. METHODS: A total of 224 @entity1 who were treated from March 1995 to October 1999 were divided into two groups randomly, ie, @entity3931 group (113 cases) and control group (111 cases). @entity2500 (BA) and the average peak forward velocity of cerebral blood flow were observed by color three-dimensional transcranial Doppler (3D- @entity12705 ) within 24 hours after admission and at the end of 3-6 days of treatment. Cerebral blood flow changes, characteristics and treatment effect were analyzed and determined by clinical main symptom disappearance rate. RESULTS: In concussion, cerebral blood flow was divided into 3 phases: cerebral blood flow low infusion dilation phase, cerebral @entity3120 phase and cerebral blood flow recovery phase. In the @entity3931 group, clinical main symptom disappearance rate was higher than that in the control group in the cerebral spasm and recovery phases with a significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2553 , @entity519 and @entity63 lesion are the main pathological changes. Whether @entity75 is reversible or not is mainly determined by spasm time of cerebral blood vessel. @entity3931 has a good effect on releasing spasm and diminishing the cerebral blood flow velocity. It not only improves curative effect on concussion, but also reduces and prevents concussion sequelae. Hence, concussion @entity1 who have cerebral spasm confirmed by 3D- @entity12705 should be given @entity3931 routinely and early.

title: Mechanism and treatment principle for XXXX caused by concussion.

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['blood vessel spasm']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['Middle cerebral artery (MCA), basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral vessel spasm', 'cerebral vessel spasm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vessel spasm']


abstract: Objectives. This study compared the macular and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thicknesses and optic nerves of eyes with @entity227 due to @entity9340 with the contralateral healthy eyes in adults using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Atat  rk State Hospital, Sinop, @entity233 . Macular and RNFL thicknesses, optic nerve disc area, cup area, and horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios obtained using a NIDEK RS-3000 SLO spectral domain OCT device were compared between the amblyopic and fellow eyes in 30 adults with @entity4457 18-55 years old who were seen in our clinic with @entity227 . Results. The mean macular thickness was 266.90    23.22     m in the amblyopic eyes and 263.90    22.84     m in the fellow eyes, and the mean RNFL thickness was 111.90    12.9 and 109.70    9.42     m, respectively. The two thicknesses did not differ significantly between the amblyopic and fellow eyes. There were also no significant differences between the eyes in disc area, cup area, and horizontal-vertical cup/disc ratios. Conclusion. There does not seem to be a difference in macular thickness, peripapillary RNFL, or optic disc structures between the amblyopic and fellow eyes in adults.

title: Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Macular Thicknesses in Adults with Hyperopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral poor vision', 'reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['Anisometropic Amblyopia']


abstract: @entity3029 can be complicated by a traumatic durotomy that may lead to the rare development of a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele. To our knowledge this has been reported only five times previously. We present the case of a 60-year-old @entity1 involved in a motor vehicle accident who suffered an @entity3029 and @entity2244 . A unique MRI image of a defect in the ventral dura posterior to C2 was appreciated. He underwent occiput to T2 internal fixation and arthrodesis. During surgery, CSF egress was seen caudal to the right C2 nerve root. A DuraMatrix onlay patch reinforced with DuraSeal was placed to stop the CSF leak. A lumbar subarachnoid drain was also placed. The @entity1 made a satisfactory recovery with residual mild @entity425 of his right upper extremity. In this report, we demonstrate that careful MRI review can reveal a ventral durotomy in a @entity130 and, if discovered, effective treatment including a lumbar subarachnoid drain for CSF diversion may prevent progression to a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele. The literature on this rare presentation and associated durotomy is provided.

title: Early Identification of XXXX Associated with @entity3029 May Prevent Retropharyngeal Pseudomeningocele Development.

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['C5-C6 three-column injury']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['Atlantooccipital dislocation', 'atlantooccipital dislocation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Durotomy']


abstract: @entity3029 can be complicated by a traumatic durotomy that may lead to the rare development of a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele. To our knowledge this has been reported only five times previously. We present the case of a 60-year-old @entity1 involved in a motor vehicle accident who suffered an @entity3029 and @entity2244 . A unique MRI image of a defect in the ventral dura posterior to C2 was appreciated. He underwent occiput to T2 internal fixation and arthrodesis. During surgery, CSF egress was seen caudal to the right C2 nerve root. A DuraMatrix onlay patch reinforced with DuraSeal was placed to stop the CSF leak. A lumbar subarachnoid drain was also placed. The @entity1 made a satisfactory recovery with residual mild @entity425 of his right upper extremity. In this report, we demonstrate that careful MRI review can reveal a ventral durotomy in a @entity130 and, if discovered, effective treatment including a lumbar subarachnoid drain for CSF diversion may prevent progression to a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele. The literature on this rare presentation and associated durotomy is provided.

title: Early Identification of @entity130 Associated with XXXX May Prevent Retropharyngeal Pseudomeningocele Development.

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['Atlantooccipital Dislocation']


abstract: @entity2493 production by the pineal gland in the vertebrate brain has attracted much scientific attention. Pineal @entity2493 is regulated by photoperiodicity, whereas circadian secretion of @entity2493 produced in the gastrointestinal tract is regulated by food intake. Thus, the circadian rhythm of pineal @entity2493 depends upon whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal. @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) involves damage to the spinal cord caused by @entity130 or disease that results in compromise or loss of body function. @entity2493 is the most efficient and commonly used pharmacological antioxidant treatment for @entity1566 . @entity2493 is an @entity30674 secreted by the pineal gland during the dark phase of the circadian cycle. Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process that focuses on improving function and repairing damaged connections in the brain and nervous system following injury. Physical activity associated with an active lifestyle reduces the risk of @entity28 , @entity65 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity170 , and @entity308 and protects against @entity16 , including @entity191 , @entity195 , and @entity385 . Physical activity has been shown to increase the gene expression of several brain neurotrophins ( @entity2252 [ @entity2252 ], nerve growth factor, and galanin) and the production of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, which promotes neuronal survival, differentiation, and growth. In summary, @entity2493 is a neural protectant, and when combined with therapeutic exercise, the hormone prevents the progression of secondary @entity528 in @entity1566 . The present review briefly describes the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying @entity1566 , focusing on therapeutic targets and combined @entity2493 and exercise therapy, which can attenuate secondary injury mechanisms with minimal side effects.

title: New Prophylactic and Therapeutic Strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological conditions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity30674 :: ('MESH:C067042', 'Chemical') :: ['indolamine']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the differences in prognostic values of static and dynamic PET-CT in @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Material and Methods. Forty-five @entity1 who had static scan were recruited. Sixteen had dynamic scan. The primary lesions were delineated from standardized uptake value (SUV) maps from static scan and K i maps from dynamic scan. The average follow-up lasted for 34 months. The @entity1 who died or those with recurrence/residual disease were considered "poor outcome"; otherwise they were considered "good outcome." Fisher's exact test and ROC analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of various factors. Results. @entity5 volume thresholded by 40% of maximal SUV (VOLSUV40) significantly predicted treatment outcome (p = 0.024) in the whole cohort. In 16 @entity1 with dynamic scan, all parameters by dynamic scan were insignificant in predicting the outcome. The combination of maximal SUV, maximal K i , VOLSUV40, and VOL K i 37 (the @entity5 volume thresholded by 37% maximal K i ) achieved the highest predicting accuracy for treatment outcome with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100% in these 16 @entity1 ; however this improvement compared to VOLSUV40 was insignificant. Conclusion. @entity5 volume from static scan is useful in @entity189 prognosis. However, the role of dynamic scanning was not justified in this small cohort.

title: Prognostic Value of (18) F-FDG PET-CT in XXXX : Is Dynamic Scanning Helpful?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Craniofacial @entity82 is a @entity74 in which normal craniofacial bones are replaced by immature fibro-osseous tissue. Orbital involvement may present as @entity227 in some @entity1 . The etiology of @entity227 in @entity2694 is still unclear, with many theories proposed in recent literature. This has led to developments in the controversy regarding the role of prophylactic optic nerve decompression in asymptomatic @entity2694 @entity1 . This case report and literature review evaluates the need for early surgical intervention in such @entity1 , as well as highlights other aspects of the condition and its management. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. METHODS: This was a case report of a 12-year-old Chinese @entity1 who developed progressive @entity227 in association with craniofacial @entity82 involving the orbit. Literature regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations, and management was searched from the PubMed database. RESULTS: Extradural decompression of the optic nerve resulted in marked visual improvement, with temporal optic atrophy noted postoperatively. Literature review revealed a number of recent studies recommending against prophylactic optic nerve decompression, but early surgical intervention upon onset of @entity227 is suggested. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate surgical referral and early optic nerve decompression is recommended upon onset of @entity227 . Periodic follow-up is recommended to monitor for recurrence and malignant transformation.

title: Craniofacial XXXX Involving the Orbit: A Case Report and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['benign slowly progressive disease']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrous Dysplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the mean @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) and the relationship between the @entity2840 and @entity227 in primary angle closure (PAC) and primary @entity2747 (PACG). DESIGN: A combined cross-sectional and prospective study on PAC and PACG. METHODS: A total of 35 eyes were included in the study for each group of normal control, PAC, and PACG @entity1 from eye clinics in Kota Bharu, state of Kelantan, Malaysia, from January 2007 to November 2009. The PAC and PACG @entity1 were divided into thin and thick @entity2840 groups. They were followed up for 12 to 18 months for @entity227 assessment with their mean @entity726 Intervention Study (AGIS) score. RESULTS: The @entity2840 was 516.8    26.0   m for PAC and 509.7    27.4   m for PACG. Both were significantly thinner compared with the control group with @entity2840 of 540    27.8   m (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the mean AGIS score after 12.9    1.7 months of follow-up in the thin @entity2840 group for PACG (P = 0.002). However, no significant increase in the mean AGIS score was found for the thick @entity2840 group in PACG and for both thin and thick @entity2840 in PAC. CONCLUSIONS: The PAC and PACG had statistically significant thinner @entity2840 compared with the controls. Thin @entity2840 was associated with @entity227 based on the mean AGIS score in PACG.

title: A Study on the Central Corneal Thickness of Primary Angle Closure and XXXX and Its Effect on Visual Field Progression.

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field progression']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although the types and incidence of adverse events (AEs) associated with transforaminal epidural @entity479 injection (TFESI) have been described, no study has used a systematic standardized questionnaire to solicit AEs from @entity1 to capture an accurate range and incidence of complications. PURPOSE: The aim was to systematically identify the types and incidence of AEs associated with TFESI. Additionally, this study evaluated demographic and clinical factors that may predict a higher risk of an AE. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This was a retrospective cohort study from a multiphysician academic PM_R clinic. @entity1 SAMPLE: @entity1 , aged 19 to 89, who underwent a fluoroscopically guided TFESI for @entity10145 @entity158 between 2004 and 2007 were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: The relationship of AEs with gender, age, trainee presence, @entity479 type, preprocedure visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 score, systolic blood pressure, fluoroscopy time, and @entity228 injectate volume was analyzed. METHODS: Adverse event data were collected using a survey both immediately and at 24 to 72 hours after TFESI. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square, Fisher exact, or Wilcoxon rank sum two-sided tests. Logistic regression analysis was also performed. C.P. is the owner of Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Physiatric Log _ Analysis System computer software. RESULTS: In 1,295 consecutive @entity1 undergoing 2,025 TFESI procedures, immediate AEs and delayed AEs occurred after 182 (9.2%) and 305 (20.0%) injections, respectively. The most common immediate AEs were: vasovagal reaction (4.2%) and interrupted procedure from intravascular flow (1.7%). Common delayed AEs included: @entity158 exacerbation (5.0%), injection site soreness (3.9%), @entity10 (3.9%), @entity1671 (1.8%), and @entity22 (1.6%). Significant associations were identified between AEs and gender, age, preprocedure VAS, @entity479 type, and fluoroscopy time. Trainee involvement in the procedure did not impact the complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroscopically guided lumbosacral TFESI is associated with a similar rate of minor AEs both immediately and 24 to 72 hours after procedure that are typical of other axial @entity228 injections. Permanent AEs were not found in this sample. The most common AEs associated with TFESI include vasovagal episodes, procedure interruption from intravascular flow, @entity158 exacerbation, injection site soreness, @entity10 , and @entity22 .

title: Adverse events associated with fluoroscopically guided lumbosacral transforaminal epidural XXXX injections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['facial flushing/sweating']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radicular']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity14783 is an @entity3230 disease. It is characterized by an increase in IgE and eosinophil count with both T-cell and B-cell malfunction. Here, we report an 8-year-old @entity1 whose disease started with an unusual skin manifestation. When 6 months old he developed generalized red, nontender nodules and pathologic report of the @entity272 was unremarkable (inflammatory). Then he developed a painless, @entity733 . At the age of 4 years, he developed a seronegative @entity625 . Another skin biopsy was taken which was in favor of @entity7390 . Laboratory workup for @entity3230 showed high eosinophil count and high level of immunoglobulin-E, due to some diagnostic criteria (NIH sores: 41 in 9-year-olds), he was suggestive of @entity14783 . At the age of 8, the @entity1 developed an abscess in the left inguinal region. While in hospital, the @entity1 developed generalized tonic colonic @entity410 and @entity221 . Brain computed tomography scan revealed an abscess in the right frontal lobe. Subsequently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain indicated expansion of the existing @entity75 (left side). After evacuating the abscesses and administrating intravenous antibiotic, the @entity1 's condition improved dramatically and @entity221 stopped.

title: Brain Abscess and XXXX Suggestive of @entity14783 .

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['Hyper immunoglobulin-E (IgE) syndrome', 'hyper IgE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular arthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abscess to contralateral frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity7390 :: ('MESH:D007636', 'Disease') :: ['Keratoacanthoma']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['cold abscess']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency', 'autosomal immune deficiency']

answer: @entity7390 :: (MESH:D007636,Disease) :: ['Keratoacanthoma']


abstract: @entity14783 is an @entity3230 disease. It is characterized by an increase in IgE and eosinophil count with both T-cell and B-cell malfunction. Here, we report an 8-year-old @entity1 whose disease started with an unusual skin manifestation. When 6 months old he developed generalized red, nontender nodules and pathologic report of the @entity272 was unremarkable (inflammatory). Then he developed a painless, @entity733 . At the age of 4 years, he developed a seronegative @entity625 . Another skin biopsy was taken which was in favor of @entity7390 . Laboratory workup for @entity3230 showed high eosinophil count and high level of immunoglobulin-E, due to some diagnostic criteria (NIH sores: 41 in 9-year-olds), he was suggestive of @entity14783 . At the age of 8, the @entity1 developed an abscess in the left inguinal region. While in hospital, the @entity1 developed generalized tonic colonic @entity410 and @entity221 . Brain computed tomography scan revealed an abscess in the right frontal lobe. Subsequently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain indicated expansion of the existing @entity75 (left side). After evacuating the abscesses and administrating intravenous antibiotic, the @entity1 's condition improved dramatically and @entity221 stopped.

title: Brain Abscess and @entity7390 Suggestive of XXXX .

answer: @entity14783 :: (MESH:D007589,Disease) :: ['Hyper IgE Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: ' @entity1909 ' also known as swimmers itch ( @entity272 ) is caused by a @entity2439 parasite, Schistosoma which has two hosts - an invertebrate (snail) and a vertebrate (livestock, @entity1 being). Although the availability of both vector snails and pathogens at the selected site the Doon Valley in northern India has already been confirmed but there was a hazy picture of the disease, whether it is due to entrance of cercariae or due to wild variety of grass (Parthenium hysterophorus). The present study is an attempt to provide a way forward towards the vector snails and snail borne diseases in the study area. METHODS: Snail sampling and identification was done by applying standard methods / using Keys _ Catalogues. Associated parasites and cercariometry in snails has been worked out by cercarial shedding. @entity1 involvement at zo-onotic level has been performed in collaboration with Health centers and socio- economic aspect of inhabitants of study area. RESULTS: The snail diversity encountered 19 species including the vector species such as Indoplanorbis exustus, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Melanoides tuberculata and Lymnaea acuminata. The cercarial diversity comprised Furcocercous, Monostome, Amphistome and @entity8072 / Xiphidiocercaria. During the study (2009-2010), 0.173% was found with @entity1909 among @entity1 population in the selected area. The symptoms of disease recorded were red spots and swellings on effected parts of skin. Frequent visits of livestock to the water body and presence of vector snails provides a clue in completing the life cycle of the parasite of the family Schistosomatidae. CONCLUSION: @entity1909 has been considered a potential risk at those places where warm blooded and snail's hosts share a link with aquatic bodies with particular emphasis to temperature and time of year.

title: Occurrence of a Snail Borne Disease, XXXX (Swimmer Itch) in Doon Valley (Uttarakhand), India.

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematode']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin allergies']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Cercarial dermatitis', 'cercarial dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Cercarial Dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3824 ( @entity14457 ) is one of the most important pesticides which is extensively used to control weeds in arable farmland. Exposure to this compound occurs in general population and @entity1 who occupationally handle it. The aim of this present work was the preparation of @entity14457 imprinting polymer and its application as a selective sample preparation technique for trace determination of @entity14457 in biological and environmental samples. METHODS: In this study, @entity14457 imprinting polymer was obtained by precipitation polymerization using @entity3679 (the functional monomer), @entity15906 (the cross-linker), @entity69361 (the initiator) and @entity14457 (the template molecule) in @entity1626 solution. The MIP-NPs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The optimization process was carried out applying batch method. After optimization of the parameters, affecting the adsorption and desorption of analyte, urine and different water samples were used to determine @entity14457 . RESULTS: Imprinted @entity14457 molecules were removed from the polymeric structure using @entity1543 in @entity1042 (20:80 v/v %) as the eluting solvent. Both sorption and desorption process occur within 10 min. The maximum sorbent capacity of the molecular imprinted polymer is 87.4 mg g-1. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection for water samples by introduced selective solid phase extraction were 4.8% and 0.9  g @entity5022 , and these data for urine samples were 4.5% and 1.60  g @entity5022 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The developed method was successfully applied to determine @entity14457 in urine and different water samples.

title: Coupling of Molecular Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles by High Performance Liquid Chromatography as an Efficient Technique for Sensitive and Selective Trace Determination of XXXX in Complex Matrices.

entities_list: @entity69361 :: ('MESH:C004526', 'Chemical') :: ["2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile"]

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity3824 :: ('CHEBI:50099', 'Chemical') :: ['4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3679 :: ('MESH:C008384', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity15906 :: ('MESH:C004919', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol dimethacrylate']

answer: @entity3824 :: (CHEBI:50099,Chemical) :: ['4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxy Acetic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Advantages of new oral anticoagulations may be greater in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 of poor anticoagulation control with @entity1229 . The SAMe-TT2R2 scoring system, based on clinical variables, was recently developed to aid in identifying these @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the association of this clinical composite score with genetic factors related @entity1229 dosing and the quality of anticoagulation control. METHODS: Clinical and genetic data were collected from 380 consecutive Korean @entity1 with @entity955 (CHA2DS2-VASc score, 3.5  1.8) who were followed for an average of 4 years. We evaluated factors associated with time in therapeutic range (TTR, INR 2-3), including the @entity5060 and @entity5058 genotypes and the SAMe-TT2R2 score (Sex female, Age <60 years, Medical history [>two co-morbidities], Treatment [interacting drugs, e.g., @entity2643 ], @entity286 use within 2 years [doubled], and Race non-white [doubled]). RESULTS: The average SAMe-TT2R2 score was 3.4  0.9, range 2-7; and 153 @entity1 (40.2%) had SAMe-TT2R2 scores >= 4. Time in specific INR ranges varied depending on the @entity5058 genotype but not with the @entity5060 genotype or the SAMe-TT2R2 score. TTR was higher in @entity1 with the @entity5058 @entity71120 than in @entity5058 TT (61.7  16% vs. 56.7  17.4%, P=0.031). Multivariate testing showed that @entity5058 genotype but not the SAMe-TT2R2 score was significantly associated with labile INRs. There was no correlation between the SAMe-TT2R2 scores and pharmacogenetic data. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic factor, but none of the common clinical and demographic factors, as combined in the SAMe-TT2R2 score, was associated with the quality of anticoagulation control in Korean @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Lack of Association of Clinical Factors (SAMe-TT2R2) with @entity5060 / XXXX Genotype and Anticoagulation Control Quality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5058 :: (79001,Gene) :: ['VKORC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Advantages of new oral anticoagulations may be greater in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 of poor anticoagulation control with @entity1229 . The SAMe-TT2R2 scoring system, based on clinical variables, was recently developed to aid in identifying these @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the association of this clinical composite score with genetic factors related @entity1229 dosing and the quality of anticoagulation control. METHODS: Clinical and genetic data were collected from 380 consecutive Korean @entity1 with @entity955 (CHA2DS2-VASc score, 3.5  1.8) who were followed for an average of 4 years. We evaluated factors associated with time in therapeutic range (TTR, INR 2-3), including the @entity5060 and @entity5058 genotypes and the SAMe-TT2R2 score (Sex female, Age <60 years, Medical history [>two co-morbidities], Treatment [interacting drugs, e.g., @entity2643 ], @entity286 use within 2 years [doubled], and Race non-white [doubled]). RESULTS: The average SAMe-TT2R2 score was 3.4  0.9, range 2-7; and 153 @entity1 (40.2%) had SAMe-TT2R2 scores >= 4. Time in specific INR ranges varied depending on the @entity5058 genotype but not with the @entity5060 genotype or the SAMe-TT2R2 score. TTR was higher in @entity1 with the @entity5058 @entity71120 than in @entity5058 TT (61.7  16% vs. 56.7  17.4%, P=0.031). Multivariate testing showed that @entity5058 genotype but not the SAMe-TT2R2 score was significantly associated with labile INRs. There was no correlation between the SAMe-TT2R2 scores and pharmacogenetic data. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic factor, but none of the common clinical and demographic factors, as combined in the SAMe-TT2R2 score, was associated with the quality of anticoagulation control in Korean @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Lack of Association of Clinical Factors (SAMe-TT2R2) with XXXX / @entity5058 Genotype and Anticoagulation Control Quality.

answer: @entity5060 :: (1559,Gene) :: ['CYP2C9']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is an important complication of colorectal surgery, but its incidence is unclear in the era of @entity1211 prophylaxis. OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of and risk factors associated with @entity1031 complications and contemporary @entity1211 prophylaxis patterns following colorectal surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective data from the Washington State Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (SCOAP) linked to a statewide hospital discharge database. At 52 Washington State SCOAP hospitals, @entity1 included consecutive @entity1 undergoing colorectal surgery between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity1211 complications in-hospital and up to 90 days after surgery. RESULTS: Among 16   120 @entity1 (mean age, 61.4 years; 54.5% female), the use of perioperative and in-hospital @entity1211 chemoprophylaxis increased significantly from 31.6% to 86.4% and from 59.6% to 91.4%, respectively, by 2011 (P   <   .001 for trend for both). Overall, 10.6% (1399 of 13   230) were discharged on a chemoprophylaxis regimen. The incidence of @entity1211 was 2.2% (360 of 16   120). @entity1 undergoing abdominal operations had higher rates of 90-day @entity1211 compared with @entity1 having pelvic operations (2.5% [246 of 9702] vs 1.8% [114 of 6413], P   =   .001). Those having an operation for @entity5 had a similar incidence of 90-day @entity1211 compared with those having an operation for nonmalignant processes (2.1% [128 of 6213] vs 2.3% [232 of 9902], P   =   .24). On adjusted analysis, older age, nonelective surgery, history of @entity1211 , and operations for inflammatory disease were associated with increased risk of 90-day @entity1211 (P   <   .05 for all). There was no significant decrease in @entity1211 over time. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity1211 rates are low and largely unchanged despite increases in perioperative and postoperative prophylaxis. These data should be considered in developing future guidelines.

title: XXXX Complications and Prophylaxis Patterns in Colorectal Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abuse or unintended @entity1445 ( @entity1445 ) of opiates and @entity4521 may result in prehospital and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) care. Prehospital @entity1510 use has been suggested as a surrogate marker of community opiate ODs. The study objective was to verify externally whether prehospital @entity1510 use is a surrogate marker of community opiate ODs by comparing Emergency Medical Services (EMS) @entity1510 administration records to an independent database of @entity341 visits for opiate and @entity4521 ODs in the same community. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of prehospital and @entity341 data from July 2009 through June 2013 was conducted. Prehospital @entity1510 administration data obtained from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of a large private EMS provider serving a metropolitan area were considered a surrogate marker for suspected opiate @entity1445 . Comparison data were obtained from the regional @entity130 /psychiatric @entity341 that receives the majority of the @entity1445 @entity1 . The @entity341 maintains a de-identified database of @entity4784 for surveillance of narcotic use in the metropolitan area. The @entity341 database was queried for ODs associated with opiates or @entity4521 . Cross-correlation analysis was used to test if prehospital @entity1510 administration was independent of @entity341 visits for opiate/ @entity4521 ODs. RESULTS: @entity1510 was administered during 1,812 prehospital @entity1 encounters, and 1,294 @entity341 visits for opiate/ @entity4521 ODs were identified. The distribution of @entity1 in the prehospital and @entity341 datasets did not differ by gender, but it did differ by race and age. The frequency of @entity1510 administration by prehospital providers varied directly with the frequency of @entity341 visits for opiate/ @entity4521 ODs. A monthly increase of two @entity341 visits for opiate-related ODs was associated with an increase in one prehospital @entity1510 administration (cross-correlation coefficient [CCF]=0.44; P=.0021). A monthly increase of 100 @entity341 visits for @entity4521 -related ODs was associated with an increase in 94 prehospital @entity1510 administrations (CCF=0.46; P=.0012). CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of @entity1510 administration by EMS providers in the prehospital setting varied directly with frequency of opiate/ @entity4521 @entity1445 -related @entity341 visits. The data correlated both for short-term frequency and longer term trends of use. However, there was a marked difference in demographic data suggesting neither data source alone should be relied upon to determine which populations are at risk within the community. Lindstrom HA , Clemency BM , Snyder R , Consiglio JD , May PR , Moscati RM . Prehospital @entity1510 administration as a public health surveillance tool: a retrospective validation study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1-5.

title: Prehospital XXXX Administration as a Public Health Surveillance Tool: A Retrospective Validation Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic-related visits']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['Naloxone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Within the circulation, @entity165 is transported by lipoprotein particles and is taken up by cells when these particles associate with cellular receptors. In macrophages, excessive lipoprotein particle uptake leads to foam cell formation, which is an early event in the development of @entity731 . Currently, mechanisms responsible for foam cell formation are incompletely understood. To date, several macrophage receptors have been identified that contribute to the uptake of modified forms of lipoproteins leading to foam cell formation, but the contribution of the @entity20663 ( @entity20663 ) to this process is not known. To investigate the role of @entity20663 in @entity165 accumulation in macrophages, we generated @entity19 with a selective deletion of @entity20663 in macrophages on an @entity1748 ( @entity1748 )-deficient background (macLRP1-/-). After feeding @entity19 a high fat diet for 11 weeks, peritoneal macrophages isolated from @entity20663 +/+ @entity19 contained significantly higher levels of total @entity165 than those from macLRP1-/- @entity19 . Further analysis revealed that this was due to increased levels of @entity8557 . Interestingly, macLRP1-/- @entity19 displayed elevated plasma @entity165 and @entity412 levels resulting from accumulation of large, @entity412 -rich lipoprotein particles in the circulation. This increase did not result from an increase in hepatic VLDL biosynthesis, but rather results from a defect in catabolism of @entity412 -rich lipoprotein particles in macLRP1-/- @entity19 . These studies reveal an important in vivo contribution of macrophage @entity20663 to @entity165 homeostasis.

title: XXXX -Related Protein-1 ( @entity20663 ) Regulates @entity165 Accumulation in Macrophages.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity20663 :: ('16971(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LDL receptor-related protein 1', 'LRP1', 'Lrp']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1748 :: (16835(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['LDL Receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Within the circulation, @entity165 is transported by lipoprotein particles and is taken up by cells when these particles associate with cellular receptors. In macrophages, excessive lipoprotein particle uptake leads to foam cell formation, which is an early event in the development of @entity731 . Currently, mechanisms responsible for foam cell formation are incompletely understood. To date, several macrophage receptors have been identified that contribute to the uptake of modified forms of lipoproteins leading to foam cell formation, but the contribution of the @entity20663 ( @entity20663 ) to this process is not known. To investigate the role of @entity20663 in @entity165 accumulation in macrophages, we generated @entity19 with a selective deletion of @entity20663 in macrophages on an @entity1748 ( @entity1748 )-deficient background (macLRP1-/-). After feeding @entity19 a high fat diet for 11 weeks, peritoneal macrophages isolated from @entity20663 +/+ @entity19 contained significantly higher levels of total @entity165 than those from macLRP1-/- @entity19 . Further analysis revealed that this was due to increased levels of @entity8557 . Interestingly, macLRP1-/- @entity19 displayed elevated plasma @entity165 and @entity412 levels resulting from accumulation of large, @entity412 -rich lipoprotein particles in the circulation. This increase did not result from an increase in hepatic VLDL biosynthesis, but rather results from a defect in catabolism of @entity412 -rich lipoprotein particles in macLRP1-/- @entity19 . These studies reveal an important in vivo contribution of macrophage @entity20663 to @entity165 homeostasis.

title: @entity1748 -Related Protein-1 ( @entity20663 ) Regulates XXXX Accumulation in Macrophages.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Within the circulation, @entity165 is transported by lipoprotein particles and is taken up by cells when these particles associate with cellular receptors. In macrophages, excessive lipoprotein particle uptake leads to foam cell formation, which is an early event in the development of @entity731 . Currently, mechanisms responsible for foam cell formation are incompletely understood. To date, several macrophage receptors have been identified that contribute to the uptake of modified forms of lipoproteins leading to foam cell formation, but the contribution of the @entity20663 ( @entity20663 ) to this process is not known. To investigate the role of @entity20663 in @entity165 accumulation in macrophages, we generated @entity19 with a selective deletion of @entity20663 in macrophages on an @entity1748 ( @entity1748 )-deficient background (macLRP1-/-). After feeding @entity19 a high fat diet for 11 weeks, peritoneal macrophages isolated from @entity20663 +/+ @entity19 contained significantly higher levels of total @entity165 than those from macLRP1-/- @entity19 . Further analysis revealed that this was due to increased levels of @entity8557 . Interestingly, macLRP1-/- @entity19 displayed elevated plasma @entity165 and @entity412 levels resulting from accumulation of large, @entity412 -rich lipoprotein particles in the circulation. This increase did not result from an increase in hepatic VLDL biosynthesis, but rather results from a defect in catabolism of @entity412 -rich lipoprotein particles in macLRP1-/- @entity19 . These studies reveal an important in vivo contribution of macrophage @entity20663 to @entity165 homeostasis.

title: @entity1748 -Related Protein-1 ( XXXX ) Regulates @entity165 Accumulation in Macrophages.

answer: @entity20663 :: (16971(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['LRP1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A highly sensitive flow injection analysis (FIA)-based thermal enzyme-linked immunoassay, TELISA, was developed for the rapid detection of @entity12472 ( @entity10664 ) in tap water. @entity10664 and b-lactamase-labeled @entity10664 were employed in a competitive immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody (mAb). After the off-column liquid-phase competition, the mAb was captured on the Protein G Sepharose    4 Fast Flow (PGSFF) column support material. Injected b-lactamase substrate @entity869 was degraded by the column-bound @entity10664 -b-lactamase, generating a detectable heat signal. Several assay parameters were optimized, including substrate concentration, flow rates and regeneration conditions, as well as the mAb and @entity10664 -b dilution ratios and concentrations. The assay linear range was 0.73-4.83 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.66 ng mL(-1). An entire heat signal requires 10 min for generation, and the cycle time is less than 40 min. The results were reproducible and stable. @entity10664 -spiked tap water samples exhibited a recovery rate of 103%-116%, which correlated with the UHPLC- @entity15 / @entity15 measurements. We attributed this significant increase in sensitivity over our previously published work to the following factors: (i) the capture of already-formed immune complexes on the column via immobilized Protein G, which eliminated chemical immobilization of the antibody; (ii) off-column preincubation allows the formation of immune complexes under nearly ideal conditions; and (iii) multiple buffers can be used to, in one case, enhance immune-complex formation and in the other to maximize enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the scheme creates a universal assay platform in which sensing is performed in the off-column incubation and detection after capture in the enzyme thermistor (ET) detector, which opens up the possibility of detecting any antigen for which antibodies were available.

title: Sensitive detection of XXXX in tap water using TELISA.

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity12472 :: (MESH:D001280,Chemical) :: ['atrazine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 , especially @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), represents enormous challenges in continuously achieving treatment improvements. Besides @entity5 , @entity28 is becoming ever more prevalent. Obesity is increasingly acknowledged as a major risk factor for several types of common @entity5 . Significant mechanisms overlap in the pathobiology of @entity28 and tumorigenesis. One of these mechanisms involves @entity4493 ( @entity4493 ), as a link between @entity28 and @entity5 . Additionally, body mass index (BMI) has been widely used in exploiting the role of @entity28 on a series of diseases, including @entity5 . Significantly, squamous @entity1149 revealed to be divergent clinical and molecular phenotypes compared with non-squamous @entity1149 . Consequently, @entity4493 immunostaining score and BMI were assessed by Fisher's linear discriminant analysis to discriminate if progression-free survival (PFS) would exceed 2 years. In addition, the final model was utilized to calculate the discriminant score in each study @entity1 . Finally, 131 @entity1 with squamous NCSLC were eligible for analysis. And a prediction model was established for PFS based on these 2 markers and validated in a second set of squamous NCSLC @entity1 . The model offers a novel tool for survival prediction and could establish a framework for future individualized therapy for @entity1 with squamous NCSLC.

title: Combination of body mass index and @entity4493 in prognosis prediction of @entity1 with squamous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4493 :: ('4973', 'Gene') :: ['oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1', 'OLR1']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 , especially @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), represents enormous challenges in continuously achieving treatment improvements. Besides @entity5 , @entity28 is becoming ever more prevalent. Obesity is increasingly acknowledged as a major risk factor for several types of common @entity5 . Significant mechanisms overlap in the pathobiology of @entity28 and tumorigenesis. One of these mechanisms involves @entity4493 ( @entity4493 ), as a link between @entity28 and @entity5 . Additionally, body mass index (BMI) has been widely used in exploiting the role of @entity28 on a series of diseases, including @entity5 . Significantly, squamous @entity1149 revealed to be divergent clinical and molecular phenotypes compared with non-squamous @entity1149 . Consequently, @entity4493 immunostaining score and BMI were assessed by Fisher's linear discriminant analysis to discriminate if progression-free survival (PFS) would exceed 2 years. In addition, the final model was utilized to calculate the discriminant score in each study @entity1 . Finally, 131 @entity1 with squamous NCSLC were eligible for analysis. And a prediction model was established for PFS based on these 2 markers and validated in a second set of squamous NCSLC @entity1 . The model offers a novel tool for survival prediction and could establish a framework for future individualized therapy for @entity1 with squamous NCSLC.

title: Combination of body mass index and XXXX in prognosis prediction of @entity1 with squamous @entity1149 .

answer: @entity4493 :: (4973,Gene) :: ['oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 , especially @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), represents enormous challenges in continuously achieving treatment improvements. Besides @entity5 , @entity28 is becoming ever more prevalent. Obesity is increasingly acknowledged as a major risk factor for several types of common @entity5 . Significant mechanisms overlap in the pathobiology of @entity28 and tumorigenesis. One of these mechanisms involves @entity4493 ( @entity4493 ), as a link between @entity28 and @entity5 . Additionally, body mass index (BMI) has been widely used in exploiting the role of @entity28 on a series of diseases, including @entity5 . Significantly, squamous @entity1149 revealed to be divergent clinical and molecular phenotypes compared with non-squamous @entity1149 . Consequently, @entity4493 immunostaining score and BMI were assessed by Fisher's linear discriminant analysis to discriminate if progression-free survival (PFS) would exceed 2 years. In addition, the final model was utilized to calculate the discriminant score in each study @entity1 . Finally, 131 @entity1 with squamous NCSLC were eligible for analysis. And a prediction model was established for PFS based on these 2 markers and validated in a second set of squamous NCSLC @entity1 . The model offers a novel tool for survival prediction and could establish a framework for future individualized therapy for @entity1 with squamous NCSLC.

title: Combination of body mass index and @entity4493 in prognosis prediction of XXXX with squamous @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Monocytes are heterogeneous cells consisting of (at least) three subsets: classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes. Correct enumeration of cell counts necessitates well-defined gating strategies, which are essentially based upon @entity5750 and @entity4071 expression. For the delineation of intermediate from nonclassical monocytes, a "rectangular gating (RG) strategy" and a "trapezoid gating (TG) strategy" have been proposed. We compared the two gating strategies in a well-defined clinical cohort of @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Within the ongoing CARE FOR HOMe study, monocyte subsets were reanalyzed in 416 @entity740 @entity1 , who were followed 3.6        1.6 years for the occurrence of a cardiovascular event. Gating was performed by either RG or TG. We analyzed the expression of surface markers, and compared the predictive role of cell counts of monocyte subsets, as defined by RG and TG, respectively. With both gating strategies, higher intermediate monocyte counts predicted the cardiovascular endpoint in Kaplan-Meier analyses (P   <   0.001 with RG; P   <   0.001 with TG). After correction for confounders, intermediate monocyte counts remained independent predictors in Cox-Regression analyses (HR   =   1.013 [95% CI: 1.006-1.020; P   <   0.001] with RG; HR   =   1.015 [95% CI: 1.006-1.024; P   =   0.001] with TG). NRI was 3.9% when reclassifying @entity1 from quartiles of intermediate monocyte counts with RG strategy toward quartiles of intermediate monocytes counts with TG strategy. In expression analysis, those monocytes which are defined as intermediate monocytes by the RG strategy and as nonclassical monocytes by the TG strategy share characteristics of both subsets. In conclusion, intermediate monocytes were independent predictors of cardiovascular outcome irrespective of the applied gating strategy. Future studies should aim to identify markers that allow for an unequivocal definition of intermediate monocytes, which may further improve their power to predict cardiovascular events.    2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

title: Comparison of two different strategies for XXXX monocyte subsets gating within the large-scale prospective CARE FOR HOMe Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Suspected adverse drug reactions may be subdivided on the basis of mechanism e.g. immunological (requiring sensitisation by previous exposure) versus nonimmunological; timing (e.g. immediate or delayed), or whether the phenomenon is dose dependent or not. In the NICE guideline the main approach is to classify the event according to whether it: is immediate (within an hour of drug administration) or delayed (hours or days); affects a single or multiple systems; is clinically severe/life threatening or not. An immediate, immunologically mediated, multisystem, life-threatening reaction would for example include @entity2021 (type 1 or typically IgE- mediated @entity56 ) especially if the clinical features (e.g. @entity5143 , @entity551 ) are suggestive. Serum mast cell tryptase should be tested ideally within two hours and certainly before four hours post reaction. Detailed investigation of suspected cases in a specialist clinic is ideally delayed for 4-6 weeks after the event. @entity137 need to be meticulously recorded and the @entity1 fully informed. Documentation should include: date of reaction; drug name (chemical and generic); route of administration; time interval between first dose and event; and nature and severity of symptoms. Written guidance should be provided on which other chemically related drugs also need to be avoided. Specialist referral is indicated for: suspected @entity2021 ; severe/life- threatening episodes e.g. @entity6715 ; severe NSAID reactions with ongoing need for NSAID therapy; suspected @entity114 @entity566 (if alternative antibiotics are not available); and problems related to general and local anaesthesia.

title: Improving detection and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['drug allergy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) and atypical @entity1381 (aHUS) are distinct clinical disorders characterized by @entity5714 , @entity882 , microthrombi, and @entity16 . @entity2106 is characterized by a low @entity2105 activity level at diagnosis of <10  % @entity2105 activity, while aHUS is characterized as having >10  % @entity2105 activity. Despite clinical remission, survivors of @entity9818 suffer significant comorbidity and decreased quality of life (QOL) than their healthy counterparts. The reason for this is unclear. Is it a lingering effect from their initial acute episode or ongoing subclinical @entity32 despite clinical remission? Common clinical complaints validated in practice include @entity308 , deficits in memory, concentration, mood, and mental endurance. We suspect @entity10 may be an important clinical tool toward understanding @entity1 morbidity and decreased QOL. To date, no studies report @entity10 frequency or severity in this population. To answer this question, adult @entity1 >3  months since their last acute episode of @entity2106 or aHUS were approached to take a @entity10 Impact Test (HIT-6) survey. Between June 1, 2013 and May 30, 2014, 31 @entity1 in remission (21 @entity1 with prior @entity2106 and 10 @entity1 with prior aHUS) completed the HIT-6 survey. The survey scores were then compared to the HIT-6 normative population data established by Qualitymetric incorporated. Overall, @entity2106 @entity1 had a significantly higher average HIT-6 score of 59.9 compared to an average HIT-6 score of 51 seen in sex-matched controls (SD 9.6, p value 0.002). No significant difference was seen in the HIT-6 scores of aHUS @entity1 . Of @entity2106 @entity1 studied, approximately 57  % (12/21) had three or more episodes and were >24  months since the last episode. The average time since last acute episode in @entity2106 @entity1 was 37.5  months. There was no significant correlation between @entity2106 survivor @entity19355 of prior episodes (1, 2, or >3) or timing from the last episode (3-6, 7-12, 13-24, or >24  months). About 19/21 (90  %) @entity1 , who are @entity2106 survivors, also had a normal @entity2105 activity level (>10  %) on the day of the survey. Our study suggests that @entity10 have significant impact on @entity2106 survivors and should be followed in the clinical setting to prevent undue @entity1 morbidity. Larger studies are needed to understand how @entity10 impact long-term survival and risk of relapse.

title: XXXX prevalence following recovery from @entity2106 and aHUS.

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury/inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['increased depression']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['end organ damage']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity19355 :: ('MESH:D005077', 'Disease') :: ['HIT-6 scores and the number']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['Headache']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) and atypical @entity1381 (aHUS) are distinct clinical disorders characterized by @entity5714 , @entity882 , microthrombi, and @entity16 . @entity2106 is characterized by a low @entity2105 activity level at diagnosis of <10  % @entity2105 activity, while aHUS is characterized as having >10  % @entity2105 activity. Despite clinical remission, survivors of @entity9818 suffer significant comorbidity and decreased quality of life (QOL) than their healthy counterparts. The reason for this is unclear. Is it a lingering effect from their initial acute episode or ongoing subclinical @entity32 despite clinical remission? Common clinical complaints validated in practice include @entity308 , deficits in memory, concentration, mood, and mental endurance. We suspect @entity10 may be an important clinical tool toward understanding @entity1 morbidity and decreased QOL. To date, no studies report @entity10 frequency or severity in this population. To answer this question, adult @entity1 >3  months since their last acute episode of @entity2106 or aHUS were approached to take a @entity10 Impact Test (HIT-6) survey. Between June 1, 2013 and May 30, 2014, 31 @entity1 in remission (21 @entity1 with prior @entity2106 and 10 @entity1 with prior aHUS) completed the HIT-6 survey. The survey scores were then compared to the HIT-6 normative population data established by Qualitymetric incorporated. Overall, @entity2106 @entity1 had a significantly higher average HIT-6 score of 59.9 compared to an average HIT-6 score of 51 seen in sex-matched controls (SD 9.6, p value 0.002). No significant difference was seen in the HIT-6 scores of aHUS @entity1 . Of @entity2106 @entity1 studied, approximately 57  % (12/21) had three or more episodes and were >24  months since the last episode. The average time since last acute episode in @entity2106 @entity1 was 37.5  months. There was no significant correlation between @entity2106 survivor @entity19355 of prior episodes (1, 2, or >3) or timing from the last episode (3-6, 7-12, 13-24, or >24  months). About 19/21 (90  %) @entity1 , who are @entity2106 survivors, also had a normal @entity2105 activity level (>10  %) on the day of the survey. Our study suggests that @entity10 have significant impact on @entity2106 survivors and should be followed in the clinical setting to prevent undue @entity1 morbidity. Larger studies are needed to understand how @entity10 impact long-term survival and risk of relapse.

title: @entity10 prevalence following recovery from XXXX and aHUS.

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['TTP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For locally advanced @entity0 , pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is associated with good disease-free survival. In several studies, response to chemotherapy according to various parameters has shown strong inter-individual variability. We investigated whether different prognostic factors, including @entity14215 expression, might predict response to NACT in female @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . ER, PR, @entity1722 , Ki-67 and @entity14215 immunohistochemistry were performed on the initial biopsy and subsequent resection specimens. @entity5 burden was calculated in post NACT resection specimens using @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protocol. Of our cohort of 66 @entity1 , 24 (36  %) achieved pCR. Triple negative phenotype and high Ki-67 proliferative index (>40  %) were significantly associated with good response to NACT. @entity14215 expression in @entity5 epithelial (20  %) or stromal (44  %) cells did not correlate with @entity5 grade, molecular subtype, proliferative index or NACT response. However, epithelial and stromal @entity14215 expression was significantly increased in @entity5 after NACT. In conclusion, triple negative phenotype and high proliferative index, but not @entity14215 expression, are predictive of good pathological response to NACT. Increased @entity14215 expression following NACT might be associated with a higher probability of recurrent disease.

title: Proliferation rate and @entity0 subtype, but not @entity14215 expression, predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'residual cancer burden', 'RCB', 'Residual tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For locally advanced @entity0 , pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is associated with good disease-free survival. In several studies, response to chemotherapy according to various parameters has shown strong inter-individual variability. We investigated whether different prognostic factors, including @entity14215 expression, might predict response to NACT in female @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . ER, PR, @entity1722 , Ki-67 and @entity14215 immunohistochemistry were performed on the initial biopsy and subsequent resection specimens. @entity5 burden was calculated in post NACT resection specimens using @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protocol. Of our cohort of 66 @entity1 , 24 (36  %) achieved pCR. Triple negative phenotype and high Ki-67 proliferative index (>40  %) were significantly associated with good response to NACT. @entity14215 expression in @entity5 epithelial (20  %) or stromal (44  %) cells did not correlate with @entity5 grade, molecular subtype, proliferative index or NACT response. However, epithelial and stromal @entity14215 expression was significantly increased in @entity5 after NACT. In conclusion, triple negative phenotype and high proliferative index, but not @entity14215 expression, are predictive of good pathological response to NACT. Increased @entity14215 expression following NACT might be associated with a higher probability of recurrent disease.

title: Proliferation rate and XXXX subtype, but not @entity14215 expression, predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced @entity0 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For locally advanced @entity0 , pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is associated with good disease-free survival. In several studies, response to chemotherapy according to various parameters has shown strong inter-individual variability. We investigated whether different prognostic factors, including @entity14215 expression, might predict response to NACT in female @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . ER, PR, @entity1722 , Ki-67 and @entity14215 immunohistochemistry were performed on the initial biopsy and subsequent resection specimens. @entity5 burden was calculated in post NACT resection specimens using @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protocol. Of our cohort of 66 @entity1 , 24 (36  %) achieved pCR. Triple negative phenotype and high Ki-67 proliferative index (>40  %) were significantly associated with good response to NACT. @entity14215 expression in @entity5 epithelial (20  %) or stromal (44  %) cells did not correlate with @entity5 grade, molecular subtype, proliferative index or NACT response. However, epithelial and stromal @entity14215 expression was significantly increased in @entity5 after NACT. In conclusion, triple negative phenotype and high proliferative index, but not @entity14215 expression, are predictive of good pathological response to NACT. Increased @entity14215 expression following NACT might be associated with a higher probability of recurrent disease.

title: Proliferation rate and @entity0 subtype, but not XXXX expression, predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced @entity0 .

answer: @entity14215 :: (216,Gene) :: ['ALDH1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This population-based study sought to quantify maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries associated with @entity1162 and failure to progress (OL/PL/FTP). METHODS: A prospective, population-based observational study of pregnancy outcomes was performed at seven sites in Argentina, Guatemala, India (2 sites, Belgaum and Nagpur), Kenya, Pakistan and Zambia. @entity1 were enrolled in pregnancy and delivery and 6-week follow-up obtained to evaluate rates of OL/PL/FTP and outcomes resulting from OL/PL/FTP, including: maternal and delivery characteristics, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and stillbirth. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2013, 266,723 of 267,270 records (99.8%) included data on OL/PL/FTP with an overall rate of 110.4/1000 deliveries that ranged from 41.6 in Zambia to 200.1 in Pakistan. OL/PL/FTP was more common in @entity1 aged <20, nulliparous @entity1 , more educated @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity1 >3500g, and @entity1 with a BMI >25 (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3 - 1.5), with the suggestion of OL/PL/FTP being less common in preterm deliveries. Protective characteristics included parity of >= 3, having an @entity1 <1500g, and having a BMI <18. @entity1 with OL/PL/FTP were more likely to die within 42 days (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 - 2.4), be infected (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5 - 2.2), and have @entity548 antepartum (RR 2.8, 95% CI 2.1 - 3.7) or postpartum (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8 - 3.3). They were also more likely to have a stillbirth (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 - 1.9), a neonatal demise at < 28 days (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 - 2.1), or a @entity281 (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 - 1.3). As compared to operative vaginal delivery and cesarean section (CS), @entity1 experiencing OL/PL/FTP who gave birth vaginally were more likely to become infected, to have an infected neonate, to @entity548 in the antepartum and postpartum period, and to die, have a stillbirth, or have a neonatal demise. @entity1 with OL/PL/FTP were far more likely to deliver in a facility and be attended by a physician or other skilled provider than @entity1 without this diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with OL/PL/FTP in the communities studied were more likely to be primiparous, younger than age 20, overweight, and of higher education, with an @entity1 with birthweight of >3500g. @entity1 with this diagnosis were more likely to experience a maternal, fetal, or @entity204 , antepartum and postpartum @entity548 , and @entity281 . They were also more likely to deliver in a facility with a skilled provider. CS may decrease the risk of poor outcomes (as in the case of antepartum @entity548 ), but unassisted vaginal delivery exacerbates all of the maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes evaluated in the setting of OL/PL/FTP.

title: A prospective population-based study of maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in the setting of XXXX and failure to progress in low- and middle-income countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection', 'maternal and neonatal infection']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['obstructed labor, prolonged labor']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['prolonged labor, obstructed labor']


abstract: @entity6 is the most common @entity209 in @entity1 . One of the major complications of the disease is foot ulcer that is prone to @entity281 . The most common causes of @entity281 which have been reported in these @entity1 are bacteria and fungi such as Candida, Aspergillus, and Rhizopus species. We report one such rare case with @entity4034 caused by Aspergillus ochraceus in a @entity1 with @entity6 . The case was a 68-year-old male with a history of @entity2175 for 2 years. The @entity1 had two @entity1066 on the right heel bones for the past 6 months with no significant improvement. One of the most important predisposing factors to @entity166 , especially opportunistic @entity364 , is @entity6 . Aspergillus species can involve bony tissue through vascular system, direct @entity281 , and @entity130 . Proper and early diagnosis and treatment of @entity6 can reduce or prevent complications, such as @entity4034 and amputation. The annual examination of feet for skin and nail lesion, sensation, anatomical changes, and vascular circulation can be useful for prevention and control of @entity281 .

title: Rare Case of Aspergillus ochraceus Osteomyelitis of Calcaneus Bone in a XXXX with Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic foot infection', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic foot osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis', 'calcaneal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are able to proliferate in vitro indefinitely without losing their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types upon exposure to appropriate signals. Particularly, the ability of hESCs to differentiate into neuronal subtypes is fundamental to develop cell-based therapies for several @entity179 , such as @entity195 , @entity2033 , and @entity191 . In this study, we differentiated hESCs to dopaminergic neurons via an intermediate stage, neural progenitor cells (NPCs). hESCs were induced to neural progenitor cells by @entity34846 , a small molecule that inhibits BMP signalling. The resulting neural progenitor cells exhibited neural bipolarity with high expression of neural progenitor genes and possessed multipotential differentiation ability. @entity4853 and @entity540 responsiveness of these hES-NP cells suggested their similarity to embryonic neural progenitor cells. A substantial number of dopaminergic neurons were derived from hES-NP cells upon supplementation of @entity23738 and @entity4851 , key dopaminergic neuron inducers. Importantly, multiple markers of midbrain neurons were detected, including @entity18203 , @entity66503 , and @entity32530 , suggesting that hESC-derived dopaminergic neurons attained the midbrain identity. Altogether, this work underscored the generation of neural progenitor cells that retain the properties of embryonic neural progenitor cells. These cells will serve as an unlimited source for the derivation of dopaminergic neurons, which might be applicable for treating @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from XXXX Embryonic Stem Cells as an Origin of Dopaminergic Neurons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity34846 :: ('MESH:C516138', 'Chemical') :: ['Dorsomorphin']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: AIMS: This study is to determine the effect of astragalus and salvia extract on the alteration of myocardium in a @entity35 model of @entity583 . METHODS: A total of 40 male @entity35 were randomly divided into the sham-operated group, the control group, the Astragalus group, the Salvia group, and the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia and group. The cardiac functions were determined at 8 weeks after treatment. @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining was performed to observe the morphology and arrangement of cardiomyocytes. Masson's trichrome staining was performed to investigate the distribution of myocardial interstitial collagen. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression ofprotein kinase D1 in myocardial tissues. RESULTS: In the sham-operated group, the Astragalus group, the Salvia group, and the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group, the left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure were significantly increased while the left ventricular end diastolic pressure were significantly decreased when compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Normal morphology and arrangement of cardiomyocytes were maintained in the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group. Contents of collagen fibers in myocardial tissues were decreased in the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group (P < 0.05). Expression levels of protein kinase D1 were significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes of the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group. CONCLUSIONS: Compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia extract may inhibit @entity296 and ventricular remodeling by regulation of protein kinase D1 protein in a @entity35 model of @entity583 .

title: Compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia extract inhibits XXXX and ventricular remodeling by regulation of protein kinase D1 protein.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial fibrosis']


abstract: @entity165 transport in the plasma involves several lipoprotein families. The process is remarkably ordered and is driven vectorily by apolipoproteins, which activate appropriate enzymes or serve as recognition sites for lipoprotein receptors. Of the lipoproteins in plasma, low density lipoprotein (LDL) contains most of the @entity165 and has the greatest atherogenic potential. Its plasma concentration is determined by @entity754 activity, which serves to regulate intracellular @entity165 concentrations. @entity754 activity in the body is not fixed, but can be stimulated by drugs that affect hepatic @entity165 content, such as inhibitors of @entity2453 reductase or @entity6741 sequestrants. By stimulating @entity754 activity, these drugs increase the fractional catabolic rate of apoLDL. @entity2453 reductase inhibitors also appear to reduce the apoLDL synthetic rate. As a consequence, LDL @entity165 levels are reduced while high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 levels remain stable or increase. @entity5119 is a drug that lowers both LDL and HDL @entity165 levels. It appears to lower LDL @entity165 levels by affecting LDL structure rather than by stimulating @entity754 activity. It has no consistent effect on LDL synthetic rates. @entity5119 lowers plasma HDL @entity165 levels by decreasing the synthetic rates of the major HDL apolipoproteins. The biologic significance of these @entity5119 -induced changes in HDL metabolism is unknown.

title: Lipoprotein fractions and receptors: a role for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['Probucol', 'probucol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity5119 :: (MESH:D011341,Chemical) :: ['probucol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence has shown that @entity11216 -196a plays an important role in tumorigenesis and @entity5 progression in various types of @entity5 . miRNA profiling studies have suggested that @entity11216 -196a is highly overexpressed in @entity0 . However, the functional mechanism of @entity11216 -196a in @entity0 remains unclear. In the present study, we first showed that the expression of @entity11216 -196a was significantly upregulated in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines. Using a loss-of-function approach, we showed that the downregulation of @entity11216 -196a inhibited the proliferation of @entity0 cells in  vitro and in  vivo. @entity32825 ( @entity32825 ) gene as a cellular proto-oncogene, which was overexpressed and positively correlated with @entity11216  -196a expression in @entity0 tissues, was identified as a direct target of @entity11216 -196a. Moreover, in order to investigate whether @entity11216 -196a regulated cell growth in @entity0 cells by targeting @entity32825 , rescue studies were performed in @entity0 cells. The restoration of @entity32825 by transfecting @entity32825 cDNA in anti- @entity11216 -196a-tranfected @entity0 cells rescued the suppression of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the present study showed that @entity11216 -196a promoted cell proliferation by targeting @entity32825 in @entity0 . Thus, @entity11216 -196a may be a potential oncogene in @entity0 and a promising therapeutic target in @entity0 treatment.

title: MicroRNA-196a post-transcriptionally upregulates the @entity32825 proto-oncogene and promotes cell proliferation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer samples and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity32825 :: ('11065', 'Gene') :: ['UBE2C', 'Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence has shown that @entity11216 -196a plays an important role in tumorigenesis and @entity5 progression in various types of @entity5 . miRNA profiling studies have suggested that @entity11216 -196a is highly overexpressed in @entity0 . However, the functional mechanism of @entity11216 -196a in @entity0 remains unclear. In the present study, we first showed that the expression of @entity11216 -196a was significantly upregulated in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines. Using a loss-of-function approach, we showed that the downregulation of @entity11216 -196a inhibited the proliferation of @entity0 cells in  vitro and in  vivo. @entity32825 ( @entity32825 ) gene as a cellular proto-oncogene, which was overexpressed and positively correlated with @entity11216  -196a expression in @entity0 tissues, was identified as a direct target of @entity11216 -196a. Moreover, in order to investigate whether @entity11216 -196a regulated cell growth in @entity0 cells by targeting @entity32825 , rescue studies were performed in @entity0 cells. The restoration of @entity32825 by transfecting @entity32825 cDNA in anti- @entity11216 -196a-tranfected @entity0 cells rescued the suppression of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the present study showed that @entity11216 -196a promoted cell proliferation by targeting @entity32825 in @entity0 . Thus, @entity11216 -196a may be a potential oncogene in @entity0 and a promising therapeutic target in @entity0 treatment.

title: MicroRNA-196a post-transcriptionally upregulates the XXXX proto-oncogene and promotes cell proliferation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity32825 :: (11065,Gene) :: ['UBE2C']


abstract: A total of 37 cases of @entity884 , in @entity1 aged two days to 13 years, were seen from 1971 to 1983 at the @entity1 's Hospital, Camperdown. @entity299 was known to preexist in 95%. @entity299 was present in 15 @entity1 , of whom 11 had been palliated by a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt. In five @entity1 , there was @entity281 of a prosthetic valve. Identifiable precipitants of @entity281 were rare. In particular, no @entity1 had had a preceding dental procedure within three months, while only 19% had had recent cardiac surgery. Organisms were identified by blood culture in 92%, the majority being streptococci (43% of cases) and staphylococci (27% of cases). While 59% of all organisms were @entity114 sensitive, six of the seven early postoperative @entity1 were infected with organisms not sensitive to antibiotics, given for wound @entity281 prophylaxis in the perioperative period. The overall death rate was 13.5%. Of the @entity1 infected with @entity794 , 40% died, while no @entity1 with Streptococcus viridans @entity884 died. Of the survivors, four needed urgent valve replacement, and three had @entity149 . Using these figures, a current profile of @entity1 with @entity884 is presented.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['major central nervous system complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Structural heart disease', 'Cyanotic congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute stress in @entity1 experiencing @entity5 diagnosis and the @entity1005 in @entity5 survivors results in impaired overall quality of life mainly due to associated psychological and physical alterations, including @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity25 , @entity73 , @entity1295 , @entity158 , @entity3085 and others. Recent studies revealed a new insight into molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of @entity5 . It has been shown that adverse psychosomatic reactions including @entity5 @entity5 result from @entity409 , disruption of the @entity774 and sympathetic nervous system, @entity750 - @entity935 interactions and circadian sleep-wake rhythm disruption. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical studies oriented toward elucidation of the hypothesis that @entity5 is the @entity4696 leading to the development of accompanying @entity5539 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of the biopsychosocial approach in the treatment of @entity5 presented in the current literature were collecting using appropriate electronic databases and were elaborated in the form of meta-analysis of 24 selected publications. RESULTS: According to relevant clinical studies, psychosocial interventions and psychopharmacological treatment has been shown to reduce @entity5 symptomatology and to improve the ability of @entity1 to cope with the disease. Thus, one of the key pillars of supportive care in oncology is stress reduction. Cognitive-behavioral interventions and group psychosocial therapies have shown to reduce stress from the diagnosis and treatment, to palliate @entity308 and to help in restoring the circadian rhythm. Psychopharamacological interventions are the most useful approaches in the reduction of stress-induced @entity5 comorbidities. In the presented study, a plausible role of stress reduction in the protection of @entity5 @entity1 from posttraumatic and @entity308 , physical and psychical suffering, from decrease of @entity1 quality of life, ability to cope with the disease and cooperate in @entity5 treatment has been analyzed. CONCLUSION: Implementation of the biopsychosocial model of @entity5 care needs further cooperation between behavioral scientists and clinical oncologists attempted to elucidate further possibilities of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions leading to the regulation of stress-induced alterations of the neurotransmitter system and @entity409 reduction of @entity5 and improvement of @entity1 survival time.Key words: @entity5 - behavioral risk profile - @entity308 - @entity409 - psychosocial and pharmacological intervention The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or   services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE "uniform requirements" for biomedical papers.Submitted: 30. 7. 2014Accepted: 8. 4. 2015.

title: [Anxio- XXXX Syndrome - Biopsychosocial Model of Supportive Care].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'anxio-depressive syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related comorbidities', 'cancer-related anxio-depressive syndrome', 'cancer', 'depression to emotional cancer distress']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrinne dysfunctions', 'paraneoplastic syndrome - neurohumoral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disruptions']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['major disorder']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with chronic @entity914 (CPD) exhibit deficient sensorimotor gating (measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of @entity427 ) and @entity5527 ( @entity5527 ). In healthy subjects (HS), @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) antagonists like @entity3393 and @entity3652 increase PPI, and under some conditions, @entity3393 enhances @entity5527 ; these findings present a challenge to understanding the basis for @entity5527 in @entity914 , as reduced @entity3391 activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here we assessed for the first time the effects of @entity3393 on PPI and @entity5527 in CPD subjects. Baseline PPI was measured in HS and @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 or @entity914 , @entity308 . Subjects (total n=84) were then tested twice, in a double-blind crossover design, comparing either: (1) placebo vs 10   mg of @entity3393 or (2) placebo vs 20   mg @entity3393 . Tests included measures of acoustic @entity427 magnitude and habituation, PPI, @entity5527 , autonomic indices, and subjective self-rating scales. @entity3393 (20   mg) significantly enhanced PPI in CPD subjects, and enhanced @entity5527 across subject groups. These effects on PPI were age dependent and most evident in older CPD @entity1 , whereas those on @entity5527 were most evident in younger subjects. The lower dose (10   mg) either had no detectable effect or tended to degrade these measures. The @entity3391 antagonist, @entity3393 , has dose-dependent effects on preconscious, automatic measures of sensorimotor gating and auditory sensory processing that are associated with enhanced cognition and function in CPD @entity1 . Ongoing studies will determine whether these @entity3393 -induced changes predict acute pro-cognitive or otherwise clinically beneficial effects in CPD @entity1 .Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 1 July 2015; doi:10.1038/npp.2015.162.

title: XXXX Effects On Sensorimotor Gating and Mismatch Negativity in @entity1 with Chronic Psychosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed type']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['Memantine', 'memantine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMN', 'mismatch negativity', 'deficient PPI and MMN']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity3393 :: (MESH:D008559,Chemical) :: ['Memantine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with chronic @entity914 (CPD) exhibit deficient sensorimotor gating (measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of @entity427 ) and @entity5527 ( @entity5527 ). In healthy subjects (HS), @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) antagonists like @entity3393 and @entity3652 increase PPI, and under some conditions, @entity3393 enhances @entity5527 ; these findings present a challenge to understanding the basis for @entity5527 in @entity914 , as reduced @entity3391 activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here we assessed for the first time the effects of @entity3393 on PPI and @entity5527 in CPD subjects. Baseline PPI was measured in HS and @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 or @entity914 , @entity308 . Subjects (total n=84) were then tested twice, in a double-blind crossover design, comparing either: (1) placebo vs 10   mg of @entity3393 or (2) placebo vs 20   mg @entity3393 . Tests included measures of acoustic @entity427 magnitude and habituation, PPI, @entity5527 , autonomic indices, and subjective self-rating scales. @entity3393 (20   mg) significantly enhanced PPI in CPD subjects, and enhanced @entity5527 across subject groups. These effects on PPI were age dependent and most evident in older CPD @entity1 , whereas those on @entity5527 were most evident in younger subjects. The lower dose (10   mg) either had no detectable effect or tended to degrade these measures. The @entity3391 antagonist, @entity3393 , has dose-dependent effects on preconscious, automatic measures of sensorimotor gating and auditory sensory processing that are associated with enhanced cognition and function in CPD @entity1 . Ongoing studies will determine whether these @entity3393 -induced changes predict acute pro-cognitive or otherwise clinically beneficial effects in CPD @entity1 .Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 1 July 2015; doi:10.1038/npp.2015.162.

title: @entity3393 Effects On Sensorimotor Gating and Mismatch Negativity in XXXX with Chronic Psychosis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies suggest the importance of environmental factors in the etiology of @entity2724 in genetically predisposed subjects. AIM: To assess the role of environmental factors in the development of @entity2724 , using a case-control design with control subjects being matched for ethnicity and age. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 were recruited through two outpatient clinics at the community of Madrid, ant the diagnosis of @entity2724 fulfilled the criteria of the International Classification on Sleep Disorders-2005. A questionnaire, including 54 environmental psychological stressor life events and 42 @entity166 items, was administered to 54 @entity1 . We specifically assessed the stressful factors and @entity166 that occurred in the year preceding the onset of the first symptom of @entity2724 (excessive @entity25 and/or cataplexy). The same questionnaire was administered to 84 control subjects recruited from non-related family members of the same community. RESULTS: Fifty four @entity1 (55.6% males) answered the questionnaire, The mean age at onset of the first symptom was 21.6    9.3 years, and the mean age at diagnosis was 36.5    12.4 years. The main finding in narcoleptic @entity1 as compared to control subjects was major changes in the 'number of arguments with partner, family, or friends' (odds ratio: 5.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.8-14.5). This can be interpreted as having a protective function and it suggests that psychological mechanisms are present since the beginning of the disease. As for the infectious factors, chickenpox was the most frequently reported. No significant differences were found in terms of total numbers of stress-related and infectious factors between cases and controls. CONCLUSION: Prospective studies regarding the interaction between environmental and genetic factors are warranted.

title: Environmental factors in the development of XXXX with cataplexy. A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'narcolepsy-cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['narcolepsy']


abstract: Extracolonic invasion of the duodenum and/or pancreatic head rarely occurs in @entity1 with @entity5 . However, when necessary, combined radical operation is a challenge to the surgeon. We reported 7 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 who underwent combined right hemicolectomy (RH) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) due to direct involvement of the duodenum or pancreatic head. This study included four males and three females with a mean age of 66.9+/-5.9 years. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed @entity5 with duodenal invasion (5 @entity1 ) and pancreatic invasion (2). The mean operation time was 410+/-64 minutes and the estimated @entity190 was 514+/-157 mL. After the operation, the mean postoperative hospital stay was 22.1+/-7.2 days. Five @entity1 had @entity260 . The mean follow-up time was 16.4+/-5.9 months. During this period, three @entity1 died from @entity5 recurrence, one from @entity260 , one from @entity358 , and two survived until the last scheduled follow-up. Five @entity1 survived more than one year. Combined RH and PD for locally advanced @entity5 can be performed safely, thus providing a long-term survival rate in selected @entity1 in a high-volume center.

title: Combined right hemicolectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'right hemicolon cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['right hemicolon cancer']