abstract: It is generally accepted that @entity101 doubles the risk of @entity65 , of which @entity301 is the most common and lethal. @entity101 is a predisposing factor for the development of @entity64 , peripheral @entity455 , @entity712 and end-state @entity8 . @entity731 -causing @entity301 is related to the severity of @entity101 . Inhibition of @entity460 entry reduces the active tone of vascular smooth muscle and produces vasodilatation. This pharmacological action has been the basis for the use of @entity460 -channel blockers (CCBs) for the management of @entity101 . Other drug families may achieve this: diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor antagonists. @entity65 and @entity731 are major complications related to @entity101 . @entity1283 is considered as an independent risk factor associated with abnormalities of diastolic function and can result in @entity712 . @entity731 is associated with activation of innate immunity. @entity731 is expressing itself not only as @entity301 , but as a cerebrovascular and peripheral @entity455 . By impairing physiological vasomotor function, @entity731 includes ultimately @entity39 of myocardium. CCBs reduce blood pressure. Do they prevent the progress of the main complications of @entity101 ? This major question is the matter of the present paper.

title: XXXX -channel modulators for @entity65 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childbirth is an important life event for which a positive experience is important to many @entity1 . METHODS: As secondary outcomes from the randomised controlled Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial, various aspects of satisfaction were assessed in @entity1 who had one of three types of regional @entity1337 (two of which were low-dose techniques and a high-dose control using 0.25% epidural @entity1341 ) and a comparison group who did not have epidural @entity1337 , shortly after delivery and 12 months later. RESULTS: The predominant finding was satisfaction with spontaneous vaginal delivery whatever the mode of @entity1337 . The overall immediate and long-term satisfaction was similar for all three neuraxial techniques. Satisfaction with the speed of @entity158 relief and the amount of mobility were significantly greater for the combined spinal-epidural technique compared with the low-dose infusion (P<0.001). The degree of control felt by @entity1 who had combined spinal-epidural @entity1337 was greater than with the high-dose (P<0.05). @entity1 in the non-epidural comparison group did not report a greater feeling of control. Among those who delivered spontaneously, more @entity1 in the combined spinal-epidural group (30%) felt in full control compared with the high-dose group (17%) (P<0.05). By comparison 22% in the low-dose infusion group and only 15% who had no epidural felt in full control. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst satisfaction with the experience of childbirth appears intimately related to the attainment of a spontaneous delivery, mobile epidurals enhance @entity1 's feeling of control in labour and are popular for future choice of regional @entity1337 .

title: Satisfaction, control and XXXX relief: short- and long-term assessments in a randomised controlled trial of low-dose and traditional epidurals and a non-epidural comparison group.

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity135 management has undergone several paradigm shifts for several relevant reasons. From the dismal experience with the use of radiotherapy as the sole modality in the treatment of this group of @entity1 with @entity1442 , radiotherapy has been evaluated as an adjuvant for the same group of @entity1 who had undergone successful surgery. Although there is no level 1 evidence to support postoperative adjuvant radiation, several studies have demonstrated that adjuvant radiotherapy reduces the local failures and, thereby, improves survival. Predictors of recurrence after surgical resection are: positive margins of resection; extranodal spread in involved nodes; perineural invasion; and presence of two or more involved regional lymph nodes. Realization of the advantages of a combination of chemotherapy with radiotherapy has had a major impact on the management of these @entity5 . There is emerging evidence for the use of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the group with high-risk features. Multiple organ conservation strategies in the management of locally advanced @entity135 have evolved over the years. However, the meta-analyses of impact of chemotherapy in various settings reveal that concomitant chemoradiotherapy is superior to any of the other regimens. Increasing use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scan images has resulted in better visualization of target volumes and critical structures. Delineation of these structures is of paramount importance and has resulted in a profound change in conformal treatment planning. Better understanding of the physical aspects of delivery of radiotherapy and the advent of modern treatment planning systems have led to the development of conformal techniques. Although the benefit of these techniques on survival have yet to be demonstrated, there is evidence to suggest that they reduce treatment-related @entity137 significantly and facilitate dose escalation. Increased knowledge of radiobiology has led to the development of various altered fractionation regimens in the management of locally advanced @entity135 . Discovery of cell-cycle kinetics and signal transduction pathways has led to the unearthing of several potential targets for targeted therapy. The @entity470 gene has emerged as the most promising target. The role of biological radiation response modifiers is evolving. All of these approaches to improve the therapeutic gain would be incomplete without evaluating their effect on the quality of life of these @entity1 .

title: Radiotherapeutic management of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers', 'Head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence-based Scandinavian Guidelines for the Initial Management of Minimal, Mild, and Moderate @entity542 were developed to provide safe and cost-effective assessment of @entity1 . A survey based on a questionnaire directed to clinical managers in all Norwegian hospitals indicated that the guidelines had influenced management practice significantly. However, implementation of guidelines and compliance from clinical leaders does not necessarily influence individual physicians decisions making. METHODS: To evaluate physicians-compliance with the Scandinavian Guidelines in individual @entity1 , we conducted a study (January 2003 to January 2004) that included all @entity1 with minimal, mild, and moderate @entity542 who presented to the emergency department in a Norwegian university hospital. Guideline compliance was evaluated in the assessment and treatment of 508 @entity1 . The management of each single @entity1 was classified as compliant with the guidelines or not. Classification as compliant required correct use of computed tomography (CT) and hospital admission in accordance with the guideline. RESULTS: The overall physicians-compliance with the Scandinavian Guidelines was 51%. A substantial overtriage with unnecessary CT examinations and hospital admissions was seen in @entity1 with minimal and mild @entity542 . Among @entity1 with minimal @entity542 , 69% underwent overtriage, 18% with unnecessary hospital admission, 27% with unnecessary CT, and 24% with both. Among @entity1 with mild @entity542 , 37% were subject to overtriage, all with admission for observation after a negative CT. All @entity1 with moderate @entity542 were treated in accordance with the guideline. CONCLUSION: Guidelines for assessment and treatment of minimal and mild @entity542 may not have the intended degree of influence on clinical practice. Even in departments where clinical managers report that the practice is evidence based, physicians may not act in accordance with this in their daily practice. This causes significant unnecessary costs, estimated as USD 2,167.000 annually in Norway.

title: Guideline compliance in management of minimal, mild, and moderate XXXX : high frequency of noncompliance among individual physicians despite strong guideline support from clinical leaders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injuries', 'head injuries', 'head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of @entity1491 of the face and head and achieves cure rates of 92-96 %. Different fractionation concepts of radiotherapy have been described. This study investigates the efficacy, as well as acute and chronic @entity137 , of a slightly hypo-fractionated radiotherapy schedule. @entity1 AND METHODS: 85 @entity1 with 104 @entity5 underwent radiotherapy for @entity1491 of the face and head. The radiotherapy schedule was 5 x 3 Gray/week up to a total dose of 57 Gray in 95 % of @entity1 . Acute and late radiotherapy @entity137 and cosmetic outcome were evaluated in long-term follow-up. RESULTS: No recurrence was observed. In 87 % of @entity5 , only low acute @entity137 occurred at the end of radiotherapy. Late @entity137 , if observed, was low in most @entity1 . "Excellent" or "good" cosmesis was achieved in 94 % of @entity5 at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our radiotherapy schedule achieves a very high local control rate and very good cosmetic and functional results. This fractionation can be recommended as a standardized radiotherapy treatment for @entity1491 of the face and head.

title: [Radiotherapy of XXXX of the face and head: Importance of low dose per fraction on long-term outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Histological changes in and around the arterial walls of @entity35 were investigated following topical application of aneurysmal wrapping and coating materials, including a fibrin glue, a cyanoacrylate glue (Biobond), and @entity2708 fibers (Bemsheet). Bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed using sterile techniques, and one of the test materials was applied to the right artery. The left artery was used as the control. Changes in arterial histology were evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after surgery. The fibrin glue was surrounded by intense @entity32 at 2 weeks after surgery. Both the fibrin glue and @entity32 had disappeared at 2 months, but the glue had induced mild @entity32 in the adventitia. Biobond caused chronic @entity32 , @entity39 of the media, and thickening of the arterial wall due to @entity82 in both the media and adventitia. Bemsheet produced chronic @entity32 , progressive @entity82 , and @entity738 . Connective tissue increased in the adventitia, but no major changes were observed in the media. The Bemsheet fibers remained unchanged, and adhered to the arterial wall. Although arterial stenoses were not observed in the present study, the results suggest that cyanoacrylate glue can cause the arterial occlusive lesions observed following @entity439 surgery.

title: Histological changes in the XXXX common carotid artery induced by aneurysmal wrapping and coating materials.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of radiation-induced cavernomas in @entity1 treated for @entity2946 . METHODS: A retrospective chart and film review was performed for all @entity1 treated for @entity2946 at the Insitute for Neurology and Neurosurgery/Beth Israel Medical Center between August 1996 and the present. The clinical and radiographic histories of pediatric @entity1 (ages 3-21 years at diagnosis) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2946 who received craniospinal radiation therapy were reviewed. Fifty-nine @entity1 were identified, with a mean age at radiation treatment of 7.7 years and a mean follow-up time of 7.2 years. The dose to the @entity2270 was 24 Gy (31 @entity1 ) or 36 Gy (28 @entity1 ). The radiation energy in the @entity2270 was provided by photons in 55 @entity1 and protons in four. All @entity1 received a posterior fossa boost of 54 Gy (46 @entity1 ) or 72 Gy (13 @entity1 ). Twenty-six lesions developed in 18 @entity1 (31%) during the observation period. The cumulative incidence of lesion development was 5.6, 14, and 43%, at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The sites of occurrence were cerebral (20 cases) and cerebellar (six cases). There was no significant correlation between age at diagnosis, sex, craniospinal radiation dose or energy source, and lesion development. Only one @entity1 required surgical intervention for a symptomatic @entity548 in the frontal lobe. Histological analysis in this case was consistent with cavernoma. CONCLUSIONS: Cavernomas are common after cranial irradiation in @entity1 , and their incidence increases over time. Most of these lesions follow a benign course and do not require intervention.

title: Cumulative incidence of radiation-induced cavernomas in long-term survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['craniospinal axis']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: In the field of @entity566 diagnosis, most in vitro functional tests are focused on basophils. Nevertheless, the very small number of circulating basophils limits these experiments and their clinical benefit remains controversial. As flow cytometry is a valuable tool for identifying cell populations, even at low concentrations, we developed a tricolour flow cytometric method for the study of allergen-induced basophil activation. Identification of cells was based both on @entity1195 expression and on the presence of IgE on the cell surface, since basophils express high-affinity receptors for IgE ( @entity220 ). Cell activation upon allergen challenge was assessed by the expression of @entity5775 antigen on the plasma membrane. Basophil isolation and activation (with the chemotactic peptide @entity5037 ) were validated in 32 non- @entity56 @entity1 . In 12 @entity56 @entity1 , basophil stimulation by a relevant allergen was in most cases positive (10/12). Furthermore a concentration-dependent hook effect was observed. Of the @entity56 and non- @entity56 @entity1 , none showed non-specific activation with an irrelevant allergen (specificity 100%). Overall, our preliminary results, even in a small population, suggest that this is a reliable and valuable method for the diagnosis of @entity566 complementing specific allergen IgE and skin test results. Obviously, additional clinical studies are needed to validate these first results.

title: Detection of allergen-induced basophil activation by expression of XXXX antigen using a tricolour flow cytometric method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity5775 :: (967,Gene) :: ['CD63']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the ability to diagnose the presence of an inferior orbital wall @entity174 through the use of a transantral endoscopy technique at bedside. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seven @entity130 @entity1 with initial axial computed tomography (CT) scan findings consistent with an @entity8924 were studied. Before endoscopy, the @entity1 underwent a coronal CT scan with 3-mm cuts for later comparison with the endoscopic findings. The surgeon performing the endoscopy procedure was blinded to the results of the coronal CT scan. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and measurement for enophthalmos were performed before endoscopy. The endoscopic procedure was performed at the bedside using local anesthesia. A trocar was used in the @entity235 fossa to gain access to the maxillary sinus. A 30 degrees and then a 70 degrees endoscope were introduced through the trocar to evaluate the integrity of the orbital floor (ie, maxillary sinus roof). The degree of @entity3137 of the orbital floor and the presence of blood or orbital contents in the sinus were recorded. The ophthalmologic examination was repeated after completion of endoscopy. RESULTS: The endoscopic procedure was able to be completed in all @entity1 . There was no change in the ophthalmologic examination in any @entity1 as a result of endoscopy. In six of the seven @entity1 studied, the endoscopic findings correlated with the need for surgical intervention to repair the orbital floor predicted on the basis of coronal CT scan. This was determined by the degree of @entity2694 and the presence of @entity1410 , exposed bone, or fat. In the remaining case, endoscopy was not diagnostic for the presence of a @entity174 because only ecchymosis of the orbital floor was noted. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to perform endoscopy under local anesthesia at the bedside is useful in those @entity130 @entity1 whose concomitant injuries may prohibit other diagnostic modalities.

title: The use of maxillary sinus endoscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the orbital floor']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital floor fracture']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['orbital floor fractures']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a major health concern worldwide. In 2011 1,200,000 new cases are predicted and half of them are going to die from the disease. @entity14 is a multi-step process that spans over 10-20 years, providing a window of opportunity for effective intervention. @entity14 can be prevented by life style modification and screening program. However, although these strategies are standard clinical practice, their impact is limited due to low adherence. The number of @entity204 due to @entity14 remains alarming high, and makes @entity14 prevention a paramount. Chemoprevention interferes with the @entity105 process by targeting key molecular pathways. It involves the use of a variety of natural or chemical compounds that can delay, prevent or even reverse the @entity652 to @entity189 sequence. Numerous chemopreventive agents have been studied but the most efficient are the NSAID group of agents. Much of their efficacy and @entity137 has been attributed to their potent inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Chemoprevention has the potential to represent a cost-effective intervention, particularly when targeted at intermediate-risk populations, ages 61-70, following polypectomy. Chemoprevention in this setting is as very important as polyp recurrence in this population can be as high as 50%, even with surveillance colonoscopy every 1-3 years. The most challenging task is to find the proper place for these interventions in the entire effort of general wellbeing. Subjects are likely to be more adherent to prescribed regimens if @entity5 prevention may be combined with a cardiovascular and @entity195 . Subjects with a normal colon or non advanced @entity652 can be safely monitored with surveillance colonoscopy every 5-10 years. The ideal chemopreventive agent remains to be discovered with great emphasis on the need not to harm. Possibly, combinations of agents will maximize effectiveness while limiting drug @entity137 . Finally, personalized approaches would include the ability to predict risk, as well as benefit for a specific individual based on specific SNP's or other genetic profiles.

title: Chemoprevention for advanced CR XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC carcinogenesis', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of preadministration of @entity8726 on the plasma concentrations of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity282 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled and double-blind study. SETTING: Inpatient surgery at Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. @entity1 : 32 ASA physical status I to II @entity1 scheduled for total knee arthroplasty or open anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before tourniquet inflation (350 mmHg), group A (n = 16) received placebo (intralipid, one mL . kg(-1)), and group B (n = 16) received @entity8726 one mg . kg(-1) IV. Catheters were placed in the ipsilateral femoral vein for collection of local blood and in a cubital vein for sampling of systemic blood. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1421 (femoral vein and cubital vein) was measured before tourniquet inflation (T1), before tourniquet deflation (T2), and immediately after tourniquet deflation (T3). Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous @entity4783 , 0.1 mg, on @entity1 demand. @entity158 (Visual Analog Scale) was assessed at 0.5, one, two, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. MAIN RESULTS: Visual Analog Scale and @entity4783 consumptions in group B were significantly lower than those in group A during the first 4 postoperative hours. In group A, @entity1421 in femoral vein increased significantly at T2 (359 +/- 105 pg mL(-1), P < 0.0001), compared with T1 (211 +/- 61 pg mL(-1)) and returned to control values at T3 (252 +/- 77 pg mL(-1)), whereas @entity1421 in the cubital vein showed no change. In group B, @entity1421 in either the femoral vein or cubital vein showed no change throughout the time course. CONCLUSIONS: Preadministration of @entity8726 suppresses the local production of @entity1421 during tourniquet @entity63 , resulting in reduced early @entity282 in @entity1 undergoing knee surgery.

title: Preadministration of @entity8726 suppresses prostaglandin production and XXXX in orthopedic @entity1 undergoing tourniquet inflation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of preadministration of @entity8726 on the plasma concentrations of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity282 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled and double-blind study. SETTING: Inpatient surgery at Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. @entity1 : 32 ASA physical status I to II @entity1 scheduled for total knee arthroplasty or open anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before tourniquet inflation (350 mmHg), group A (n = 16) received placebo (intralipid, one mL . kg(-1)), and group B (n = 16) received @entity8726 one mg . kg(-1) IV. Catheters were placed in the ipsilateral femoral vein for collection of local blood and in a cubital vein for sampling of systemic blood. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1421 (femoral vein and cubital vein) was measured before tourniquet inflation (T1), before tourniquet deflation (T2), and immediately after tourniquet deflation (T3). Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous @entity4783 , 0.1 mg, on @entity1 demand. @entity158 (Visual Analog Scale) was assessed at 0.5, one, two, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. MAIN RESULTS: Visual Analog Scale and @entity4783 consumptions in group B were significantly lower than those in group A during the first 4 postoperative hours. In group A, @entity1421 in femoral vein increased significantly at T2 (359 +/- 105 pg mL(-1), P < 0.0001), compared with T1 (211 +/- 61 pg mL(-1)) and returned to control values at T3 (252 +/- 77 pg mL(-1)), whereas @entity1421 in the cubital vein showed no change. In group B, @entity1421 in either the femoral vein or cubital vein showed no change throughout the time course. CONCLUSIONS: Preadministration of @entity8726 suppresses the local production of @entity1421 during tourniquet @entity63 , resulting in reduced early @entity282 in @entity1 undergoing knee surgery.

title: Preadministration of XXXX suppresses prostaglandin production and @entity282 in orthopedic @entity1 undergoing tourniquet inflation.

answer: @entity8726 :: (MESH:D005480,Chemical) :: ['flurbiprofen']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of preadministration of @entity8726 on the plasma concentrations of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity282 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled and double-blind study. SETTING: Inpatient surgery at Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. @entity1 : 32 ASA physical status I to II @entity1 scheduled for total knee arthroplasty or open anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before tourniquet inflation (350 mmHg), group A (n = 16) received placebo (intralipid, one mL . kg(-1)), and group B (n = 16) received @entity8726 one mg . kg(-1) IV. Catheters were placed in the ipsilateral femoral vein for collection of local blood and in a cubital vein for sampling of systemic blood. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1421 (femoral vein and cubital vein) was measured before tourniquet inflation (T1), before tourniquet deflation (T2), and immediately after tourniquet deflation (T3). Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous @entity4783 , 0.1 mg, on @entity1 demand. @entity158 (Visual Analog Scale) was assessed at 0.5, one, two, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. MAIN RESULTS: Visual Analog Scale and @entity4783 consumptions in group B were significantly lower than those in group A during the first 4 postoperative hours. In group A, @entity1421 in femoral vein increased significantly at T2 (359 +/- 105 pg mL(-1), P < 0.0001), compared with T1 (211 +/- 61 pg mL(-1)) and returned to control values at T3 (252 +/- 77 pg mL(-1)), whereas @entity1421 in the cubital vein showed no change. In group B, @entity1421 in either the femoral vein or cubital vein showed no change throughout the time course. CONCLUSIONS: Preadministration of @entity8726 suppresses the local production of @entity1421 during tourniquet @entity63 , resulting in reduced early @entity282 in @entity1 undergoing knee surgery.

title: Preadministration of @entity8726 suppresses prostaglandin production and @entity282 in orthopedic XXXX undergoing tourniquet inflation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity4784 have @entity73 during abuse period in attention, working memory, episodic memory, and executive function. After protracted abstinence consistent @entity73 has been found only in executive function. However, few studies have explored cognitive function during first weeks of abstinence. The purpose of this study was to study cognitive function of individuals with @entity4784 during early abstinence. It was hypothesized that @entity73 are pronounced immediately after peak withdrawal symptoms have passed and then partially recover. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity4784 and fifteen controls matched for, age, gender, and verbal intelligence were tested with a cognitive test battery When @entity1 performed worse than controls correlations between cognitive performance and days of withdrawal, duration of @entity4784 , duration of any @entity734 , or opioid withdrawal symptom inventory score (Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale) were analyzed. RESULTS: Early abstinent opioid dependent @entity1 performed statistically significantly worse than controls in tests measuring complex working memory, executive function, and fluid intelligence. Their complex working memory and fluid intelligence performances correlated statistically significantly with days of withdrawal. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a rather general neurocognitive @entity73 . It is suggested that @entity73 during early abstinence from @entity4784 is related to @entity3347 in the prefrontal cortex and is partly transient.

title: Cognitive function during early abstinence from XXXX : a comparison to age, gender, and verbal intelligence matched controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal induced neural dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit', 'cognitive deficits', 'deficit in higher order cognition']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid abuse', 'opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid dependence']


abstract: Several evidences revealed the relationship between the earliest stages of @entity731 and the components of @entity209 . The aim of this study was to disclose preclinical @entity731 in a cross-sectional observational study involving 147 @entity1 with @entity209 by the assessment of brachial flow-mediated vasodilation ( @entity30147 ) and intima-media thickening at both carotid and femoral sites. The purpose was to investigate the association of this @entity209 with prevalent @entity731 in different vascular sites. A control group of 87 healthy subjects was also investigated. @entity1 had lower values of @entity30147 and a higher mean @entity121 ( @entity121 ) at both the carotid and femoral sites with respect to controls. Flow-mediated vasodilation had a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and a negative one with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , glycemia, and insulinemia. Carotid mean @entity121 was directly related to LDL @entity165 and age, and inversely with HDL @entity165 ; femoral mean @entity121 had a direct association with LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , glycemia, and insulinemia and an inverse correlation with HDL @entity165 and LDL size. LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , insulin, and brachial artery diameter were predictive of brachial @entity30147 (beta=-0.17, 0.21, -0.27, and -0.29, respectively; P<.05), whereas age, LDL @entity165 , and HDL @entity165 were independent predictors of mean carotid @entity121 (beta=0.19, 0.37, and -0.27, respectively; P<.05); on the other hand, LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , and insulin were independent predictors of mean femoral @entity121 (beta=0.32, 0.26, and 0.25, respectively; P<.05). In conclusion, the present study documented an altered endothelial function and intima-media thickening in @entity1 with @entity209 without overt @entity65 . Moreover, it focused on the strong influence of @entity209 on preclinical @entity731 at the femoral site.

title: XXXX and preclinical @entity731 : focus on femoral arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic damage']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Several evidences revealed the relationship between the earliest stages of @entity731 and the components of @entity209 . The aim of this study was to disclose preclinical @entity731 in a cross-sectional observational study involving 147 @entity1 with @entity209 by the assessment of brachial flow-mediated vasodilation ( @entity30147 ) and intima-media thickening at both carotid and femoral sites. The purpose was to investigate the association of this @entity209 with prevalent @entity731 in different vascular sites. A control group of 87 healthy subjects was also investigated. @entity1 had lower values of @entity30147 and a higher mean @entity121 ( @entity121 ) at both the carotid and femoral sites with respect to controls. Flow-mediated vasodilation had a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and a negative one with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , glycemia, and insulinemia. Carotid mean @entity121 was directly related to LDL @entity165 and age, and inversely with HDL @entity165 ; femoral mean @entity121 had a direct association with LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , glycemia, and insulinemia and an inverse correlation with HDL @entity165 and LDL size. LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , insulin, and brachial artery diameter were predictive of brachial @entity30147 (beta=-0.17, 0.21, -0.27, and -0.29, respectively; P<.05), whereas age, LDL @entity165 , and HDL @entity165 were independent predictors of mean carotid @entity121 (beta=0.19, 0.37, and -0.27, respectively; P<.05); on the other hand, LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , and insulin were independent predictors of mean femoral @entity121 (beta=0.32, 0.26, and 0.25, respectively; P<.05). In conclusion, the present study documented an altered endothelial function and intima-media thickening in @entity1 with @entity209 without overt @entity65 . Moreover, it focused on the strong influence of @entity209 on preclinical @entity731 at the femoral site.

title: @entity209 and preclinical XXXX : focus on femoral arteries.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with severe @entity154 have a long track record of operations and hospital visits by the time they are 18 years old. The fact that their @entity154 is congenital may have an impact on how satisfied these @entity1 are with their appearance. This study evaluated the level of satisfaction with facial appearance of congenital and of acquired facially disfigured adults, and explored demographic, physical and psychological determinants of this satisfaction. Differences compared with non-disfigured adults were examined. METHODS: Fifty-nine adults with a rare @entity2419 , 59 adults with a @entity154 traumatically acquired in adulthood, and a reference group of 201 non-disfigured adults completed standardised demographic, physical and psychological questionnaires. RESULTS: The congenital and acquired groups did not differ significantly in the level of satisfaction with facial appearance, but both were significantly less satisfied than the reference group. In facially disfigured adults, level of education, number of affected facial parts and facial function were determinants of the level of satisfaction. High fear of negative appearance evaluation by others (FNAE) and low @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) were strong psychological determinants. Although FNAE was higher in both @entity1 groups, @entity14062 was similar in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Satisfaction with facial appearance of individuals with a congenital or acquired @entity154 is similar and will seldom reach the level of satisfaction of non-disfigured @entity1 . A combination of surgical correction (with attention for facial profile and restoring facial functions) and psychological help (to increase @entity14062 and lower FNAE) may improve @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Satisfaction with facial appearance and its determinants in adults with severe XXXX : a case-referent study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial deformity', 'congenital facial disfigurement']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['facial cleft']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital facial disfigurement']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The treatment of @entity1 with complex urolithiasis in @entity8 can be challenging. Because the location of an @entity8 can vary, each case requires a unique and, at times, unconventional approach. We reviewed the techniques we have developed to treat such @entity1 , including laparoscopic-assisted tubeless, transhepatic, and transiliac percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all @entity1 with @entity8 who underwent PNL at our institution. Six @entity1 underwent laparoscopic-assisted PNL, one underwent transiliac PNL, and one underwent transhepatic PNL. All laparoscopic-assisted procedures were performed tubeless, with an internalized ureteral stent placed at the conclusion of the procedure. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent successful PNL. On computed tomography, performed on the morning of postoperative day 1, all @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic-assisted PNL were stone free. The @entity1 who underwent transiliac PNL and transhepatic PNL required secondary procedures to attain a stone-free status. The mean length of hospitalization was 3 days for the laparoscopic-assisted cohort, 1 day for the transhepatic @entity1 , and 3 days for the transiliac @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: For the @entity1 with a large or complex stone burden in an @entity8 , laparoscopic-assisted PNL is the optimal treatment. Performing such a procedure tubeless may be associated with a reduced hospital stay. For those @entity1 with a hostile peritoneal cavity owing to prior surgical exploration, consideration should be given to a more individualized approach.

title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for XXXX : over, around, or through.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic kidneys', 'ectopic kidney', 'congenital pelvic kidneys']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['ectopic kidneys']


abstract: Adipose tissue surrounding the coronary arteries has been suggested to induce development of @entity731 . We explored the relation between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and @entity453 using multislice computed tomography. The study population consisted of 190 @entity1 who had undergone multislice computed tomographic coronary angiography. Coronary artery @entity460 score was assessed. In addition, @entity1 were classified as having (1) no @entity731 , (2) nonobstructive @entity731 (luminal narrowing <50%), (3) obstructive @entity731 (luminal narrowing >or=50%) in a single vessel, or (4) obstructive @entity731 in the left main coronary artery and/or multiple vessels. @entity299 (3.00-mm thickness, range 35 to 40 slices per heart) were traced semiautomatically from the border of EAT below the apex to a point at the center of the left atrium. Tissue with values from -250 to -30 HU was assigned as EAT. EAT volume within the traced area was then automatically quantified. Mean EAT volume was 84 +/- 41 ml. @entity1 with a coronary artery @entity460 score >10 had significantly larger average EAT volume (100 +/- 40 ml) compared with @entity1 with @entity460 scores <or=10 (59 +/- 27 ml, p <0.001). Sensitivity and specificity for prediction of a @entity460 score >10 were 77% and 70% with a cut-off EAT value of 73 ml. In @entity1 with normal coronaries mean EAT volume (63 +/- 31 ml) was significantly smaller than in @entity1 with @entity731 (99 +/- 40 ml, p <0.001). Using a cut-off EAT volume of 75 ml, the sensitivity and specificity for presence of @entity731 were 72% and 70%. Interestingly, quantity of EAT did not significantly increase with increasing extent or severity of @entity731 . After adjustments for risk factors EAT volume remained a significant predictor of @entity453 (p = 0.001). In conclusion, a significant relation was shown between EAT volume and presence of @entity453 . Quantification of EAT may be useful to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity453 .

title: Relation of epicardial adipose tissue to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-sectional tomographic cardiac slices']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity358 (PA) stenting can be challenging, especially in @entity1 with @entity850 of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract or tortuous PA branches. In these cases, a hybrid procedure deploying PA stent(s) during cardiac surgery provides an alternative to relieve @entity849 . The Mayo Clinic Congenital Cardiac surgical database was used to identify all @entity1 having hybrid PA stent procedures. Retrospective analysis of clinical data, procedural details, and outcomes was performed. Between January 1997 and November 2006, 24 @entity1 (15 females), median age 15 years (range 3 to 67 years), had hybrid PA stent procedures. A total of 27 stents were deployed. A left PA stent was placed in 13, right PA stent in 8; 3 @entity1 had bilateral PA stents. Primary cardiac diagnoses were @entity1146 (9), @entity215 (7), @entity1145 (2), and others (6). Maximum balloon diameters ranged from 8 to 16 mm (median = 12 mm). Concomitant surgical procedures performed were RV to PA conduit replacement or RV outflow tract reconstruction (14), @entity338 (7), and others (3). Two procedures were performed following complications of percutaneous procedure. There were no deaths or PA damage. There were 2 cases of distal stent migration. Repeat stent dilations within 6 months were performed in 3 @entity1 . In conclusion, hybrid PA stenting can play an important role in the management of @entity299 with complex branch PA anatomy. It also can be used as an emergency rescue procedure following complications of percutaneous transcatheter procedures, such as @entity887 . Hybrid procedures were safe and effective in most @entity1 , although stent positioning remains critical. Intraoperative fluoroscopy and active suture fixation of the proximal stent may reduce the need for late reintervention.

title: Hybrid intraoperative pulmonary artery stent placement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['branch PA stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Percutaneous branch pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['stent embolization']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by signal transduction pathways mediated by complexes of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and their partner cyclins, or by interaction with CDK inhibitors. @entity7008 (TA) is a weak hepatocarcinogen causing several types of @entity409 in a dose dependent manner and ultimately producing malignant transformation. We investigated alterations of expression of cell cycle regulators in the @entity35 liver, involved in G1 entry and progression during TA administration. METHODS: We studied expression patterns of @entity12003 , @entity19087 , @entity49621 , @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) and @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ) during daily intraperitoneal injection of low dose TA (50 mg/kg) till 7 day. We used western blot and immunohistochemistry for detection. RESULTS: Expression of @entity12003 , @entity19087 , @entity49621 and @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) increased from 6 hour and peaked at 2, 3 day, then decreased next 2 days, and re-increased at 6 day. Cytoplasmo-nuclear translocation of @entity12003 and @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) was evident within 1 day and prominent at 2 and 7 day. Expression of @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ) increased immediately after TA treatment and remarkably increased from 3 day and progressed till 7 day, showing cytoplasmic location, suggestive of inactive form. Most of in situ immunoreactions occurred at the centrilobular hepatocytes. Concomitant nuclear translocation of @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) and @entity12003 , different with @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ) suggests that @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) might be a transporter for nuclear translocation rather than cell cycle inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Daily administration of low dose TA makes cell cycle open and G1 progress, possibly due to @entity12003 , @entity19087 and @entity49621 , their transporter @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ), and inactive @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ), which occur at quiescent hepatocytes, not stem cells.

title: Expression of G1 cell cycle regulators in @entity35 liver upon repeated exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['Thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

answer: @entity7008 :: (MESH:D013853,Chemical) :: ['thioacetamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by signal transduction pathways mediated by complexes of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and their partner cyclins, or by interaction with CDK inhibitors. @entity7008 (TA) is a weak hepatocarcinogen causing several types of @entity409 in a dose dependent manner and ultimately producing malignant transformation. We investigated alterations of expression of cell cycle regulators in the @entity35 liver, involved in G1 entry and progression during TA administration. METHODS: We studied expression patterns of @entity12003 , @entity19087 , @entity49621 , @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) and @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ) during daily intraperitoneal injection of low dose TA (50 mg/kg) till 7 day. We used western blot and immunohistochemistry for detection. RESULTS: Expression of @entity12003 , @entity19087 , @entity49621 and @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) increased from 6 hour and peaked at 2, 3 day, then decreased next 2 days, and re-increased at 6 day. Cytoplasmo-nuclear translocation of @entity12003 and @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) was evident within 1 day and prominent at 2 and 7 day. Expression of @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ) increased immediately after TA treatment and remarkably increased from 3 day and progressed till 7 day, showing cytoplasmic location, suggestive of inactive form. Most of in situ immunoreactions occurred at the centrilobular hepatocytes. Concomitant nuclear translocation of @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) and @entity12003 , different with @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ) suggests that @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ) might be a transporter for nuclear translocation rather than cell cycle inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Daily administration of low dose TA makes cell cycle open and G1 progress, possibly due to @entity12003 , @entity19087 and @entity49621 , their transporter @entity7504 ( @entity9533 ), and inactive @entity11754 ( @entity11754 ), which occur at quiescent hepatocytes, not stem cells.

title: Expression of G1 cell cycle regulators in XXXX liver upon repeated exposure to @entity7008 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) is a myofibrillar protein regulating the interaction of actin and @entity3999 . It is 100% tissue specific for the heart and is an excellent serum marker for detecting @entity296 . Based on previous studies, contradictory results have been reported about elevation of serum levels of @entity6949 in @entity1 presenting with subacute or acute @entity16 with or without @entity410 . Here we assess serum levels of @entity6949 in @entity1 following uncomplicated @entity302 and with a healthy cardiovascular system. METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 49 @entity1 (age range: 12-65 years) with uncomplicated @entity302 and no history of cardiac problems were included. @entity6949 level was evaluated in @entity1 between 6 h and 10 days after a @entity410 . Electrocardiography and echocardiography were also performed. Variables including number of @entity410 , age at first @entity410 , and time elapsed from the last @entity410 , in addition to demographic variables, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Average age of @entity1 was 21.18 years (standard deviation [SD] +/-8.37) with a male/female ratio of 2.26. Mean elapsed time from the last @entity410 was 54 h (SD +/-52.97). @entity6949 level was within the normal range (<0.1 ng/mL) in all @entity1 with a mean level of 0.026 ng/mL (SD +/-0.015). A significant statistical correlation was found between serum level of @entity6949 and number of @entity302 (Spearman r = 0.743, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum level of @entity6949 following @entity410 was within normal limits in 12 to 65-year-old @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity302 and healthy cardiovascular system. However, this level was higher in @entity1 with more than three repeated @entity410 . Repeated measurement of level of @entity6949 up to several days after presence of a @entity410 may be helpful in further assessment of this relationship.

title: Serum levels of @entity6949 in @entity1 with uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'Cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic seizure']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) is a myofibrillar protein regulating the interaction of actin and @entity3999 . It is 100% tissue specific for the heart and is an excellent serum marker for detecting @entity296 . Based on previous studies, contradictory results have been reported about elevation of serum levels of @entity6949 in @entity1 presenting with subacute or acute @entity16 with or without @entity410 . Here we assess serum levels of @entity6949 in @entity1 following uncomplicated @entity302 and with a healthy cardiovascular system. METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 49 @entity1 (age range: 12-65 years) with uncomplicated @entity302 and no history of cardiac problems were included. @entity6949 level was evaluated in @entity1 between 6 h and 10 days after a @entity410 . Electrocardiography and echocardiography were also performed. Variables including number of @entity410 , age at first @entity410 , and time elapsed from the last @entity410 , in addition to demographic variables, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Average age of @entity1 was 21.18 years (standard deviation [SD] +/-8.37) with a male/female ratio of 2.26. Mean elapsed time from the last @entity410 was 54 h (SD +/-52.97). @entity6949 level was within the normal range (<0.1 ng/mL) in all @entity1 with a mean level of 0.026 ng/mL (SD +/-0.015). A significant statistical correlation was found between serum level of @entity6949 and number of @entity302 (Spearman r = 0.743, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum level of @entity6949 following @entity410 was within normal limits in 12 to 65-year-old @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity302 and healthy cardiovascular system. However, this level was higher in @entity1 with more than three repeated @entity410 . Repeated measurement of level of @entity6949 up to several days after presence of a @entity410 may be helpful in further assessment of this relationship.

title: Serum levels of XXXX in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6949 :: (7137,Gene) :: ['cardiac troponin I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) is a myofibrillar protein regulating the interaction of actin and @entity3999 . It is 100% tissue specific for the heart and is an excellent serum marker for detecting @entity296 . Based on previous studies, contradictory results have been reported about elevation of serum levels of @entity6949 in @entity1 presenting with subacute or acute @entity16 with or without @entity410 . Here we assess serum levels of @entity6949 in @entity1 following uncomplicated @entity302 and with a healthy cardiovascular system. METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 49 @entity1 (age range: 12-65 years) with uncomplicated @entity302 and no history of cardiac problems were included. @entity6949 level was evaluated in @entity1 between 6 h and 10 days after a @entity410 . Electrocardiography and echocardiography were also performed. Variables including number of @entity410 , age at first @entity410 , and time elapsed from the last @entity410 , in addition to demographic variables, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Average age of @entity1 was 21.18 years (standard deviation [SD] +/-8.37) with a male/female ratio of 2.26. Mean elapsed time from the last @entity410 was 54 h (SD +/-52.97). @entity6949 level was within the normal range (<0.1 ng/mL) in all @entity1 with a mean level of 0.026 ng/mL (SD +/-0.015). A significant statistical correlation was found between serum level of @entity6949 and number of @entity302 (Spearman r = 0.743, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum level of @entity6949 following @entity410 was within normal limits in 12 to 65-year-old @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity302 and healthy cardiovascular system. However, this level was higher in @entity1 with more than three repeated @entity410 . Repeated measurement of level of @entity6949 up to several days after presence of a @entity410 may be helpful in further assessment of this relationship.

title: Serum levels of @entity6949 in XXXX with uncomplicated @entity302 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenetic studies of drug response in @entity565 assume that @entity1 respond consistently to a treatment but that treatment response varies across @entity1 ; however, no formal studies have demonstrated this. OBJECTIVE: To determine the repeatability of commonly used outcomes for treatment response to @entity565 medications: bronchodilator response, FEV(1), and PC(20). METHODS: The Childhood Asthma Management Program was a multicenter clinical trial of @entity1 randomized to receiving @entity4184 , @entity19608 , or placebo. We determined the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each outcome over repeated visits over a period of 4 years in the Childhood Asthma Management Program by using mixed-effects regression models. We adjusted for the covariates age, race/ethnicity, height, family income, parental education, and symptom score. We incorporated each outcome for each @entity1 as repeated outcome measurements and stratified by treatment group. RESULTS: The ICC for bronchodilator response was 0.31 in the @entity4184 group, 0.35 in the @entity19608 group, and 0.40 in the placebo group, after adjusting for covariates. The ICC for FEV(1) was 0.71 in the @entity4184 group, 0.60 in the @entity19608 group, and 0.69 in the placebo group, after adjusting for covariates. The ICC for PC(20) was 0.67 in the @entity4184 and placebo groups and 0.73 in the @entity19608 group, after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: The within-treatment group repeatability of FEV(1) and PC(20) is high; thus, these phenotypes are heritable. FEV(1) and PC(20) may be better phenotypes than bronchodilator response for studies of treatment response in @entity565 .

title: Repeatability of response to XXXX medications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity19608 :: ('MESH:D017835', 'Chemical') :: ['nedocromil']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The advent of @entity310 antagonists has had a revolutionary impact on the treatment of @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). However, whether the benefits recorded in controlled trials are replicated in everyday practice has not been extensively evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of infliximab in @entity1 with @entity5145 , to identify factors associated with the treatment response, and to assess fulfillment of modified New York criteria and compliance with guidelines about using @entity310 antagonists. METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 given infliximab for axial @entity5145 between 2001 and 2003. Disease activity, motion limitation, laboratory tests, and the 6-week response rate were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 86 included @entity1 (48 @entity1 and 38 @entity1 , mean age, 44+/-11 years), 37% responded to infliximab therapy. @entity1596 and @entity1851 elevation at baseline predicted a response. Only 53% of @entity1 met modified New York criteria and only 23% met ASAS criteria for starting @entity310 antagonist therapy. CONCLUSION: Infliximab was less effective in our @entity1 with axial @entity5145 than expected based on the results of controlled trials. However, many @entity1 did not meet New York criteria for @entity1691 and/or ASAS criteria for @entity310 antagonist therapy. Therefore, our results do not challenge the usefulness of @entity310 antagonists in axial @entity1691 . Our @entity1 were treated before the development of guidelines for @entity310 antagonist therapy and before the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging as an evaluation tool in @entity1691 . Strict criteria should be used to decide when @entity310 antagonist therapy is appropriate in @entity1 with @entity5145 .

title: Infliximab for treating XXXX in everyday practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthropathies', 'spondyloarthropathy', 'spondyloarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5145 :: (MESH:D025242,Disease) :: ['axial spondylarthropathy']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We characterised insulin resistance, @entity209 and endocrine dysfunction in cultured adipose cells and examined the autocrine or paracrine roles of cytokines/adipokines in the progression of insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 primary adipose cells were prepared and cultured for 24 and 48 h. Insulin resistance and gene expression were examined by @entity413 uptake assay, cDNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: After 24 h in culture, the fold increase of insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake in adipose cells was markedly reduced; after 48 h the response of the cells to insulin decreased. cDNA microarray analysis showed that the expression of 514 genes was altered in adipose cells after 24 h in culture. The dysregulated genes included those involved in the @entity1792 cycle and in @entity844 and @entity2388 @entity209 . Specifically, the following genes were all downregulated: genes encoding lipolytic and lipogenic enzymes; uncoupling protein 1 and 2 genes; @entity70840 gene. This indicates that lipolytic and lipogenic activity, as well as mitochondria capacity decline in adipose cells cultured for 24 h. The mRNAs encoding 40 adipokines were also dysregulated in cultured cells. Strikingly, the dysregulated adipokines in cultured cells and in freshly isolated adipose cells from insulin-resistant Zucker fa/fa @entity35 displayed a similar pattern with regard to protein functions. Also striking was the fact that progression of insulin resistance was promoted by the adipokines secreted from insulin-resistant adipose tissue or cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our data demonstrate that the impairment of @entity209 and endocrine dysfunction in cultured adipose cells mimics the insulin resistance occurring in vivo. Cytokines and adipokines appear to play a critical role in the progression of insulin resistance in adipose cells.

title: Characterisation of insulin-resistant phenotype of cultured XXXX primary adipose cells.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity70840 :: ('83516;25664', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism', 'metabolic defects']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: To review anaesthesia in @entity341 and in the emergency room, and to discuss guidelines for anaesthesia indication; pre-oxygenation; anaesthesia induction and drugs; airway management; anaesthesia maintenance and monitoring; side effects and training. METHODS: A literature search in the PubMed database was performed and 87 articles were included in this non-systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: For pre-oxygenation, high-flow @entity26 should be delivered with a tight-fitting face-mask provided with a reservoir. In haemodynamically unstable @entity1 , @entity3652 may be the induction agent of choice. The @entity2898 antagonist @entity19271 may have the potential to make @entity2898 a first-line neuromuscular blocking agent in emergency induction. An experienced health-care provider may consider prehospital anaesthesia induction. A moderately experienced health-care provider should optimise oxygenation, fasten hospital transfer and only try to intubate a @entity1 in extremis. If intubation fails twice, ventilation should be resumed with an alternative supra-glottic airway or a bag-valve-mask device. A lesser experienced health-care provider should completely refrain from intubation, optimise oxygenation, fasten hospital transfer and only in extremis ventilate with an alternative supra-glottic airway or a bag-valve-mask device. With an expected difficult airway, the @entity1 should be intubated awake. With an unexpected difficult airway, bag-valve-mask ventilation should be resumed and an alternative supra-glottic airway device inserted. Senior help should be called early. In a "can-not-ventilate, can-not-intubate" situation an alternative airway should be tried and if unsuccessful because of severe upper airway pathology, a surgical airway should be performed. Ventilation should be monitored continuously with capnography. Clinical training is important to increase airway management skills.

title: Anaesthesia in XXXX and in the emergency room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['prehospital emergencies']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['prehospital emergencies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the histopathological indicators significantly associated with surgical outcome and the pattern of recurrence in the setting of preoperative @entity136 -based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and subsequent pancreatectomy. BACKGROUND: Clinicopathological assessment of the resected specimen is an indispensable tool for predicting @entity1 prognosis and localizing high-risk sites for @entity5 relapse. This procedure is also essential for the establishment of efficient postoperative follow-up protocols in the setting of a preoperative CRT strategy. METHODS: In a prospective phase II clinical trial at our hospital, 110 @entity1 received preoperative CRT and subsequent resection. All 110 resected cases were included in this study. We employed @entity66 ( @entity66 ) as a surgical outcome, and the pattern of recurrence was divided into 2 categories: (1) recurrence in the abdominal cavity (RAC), defined as either a locoregional or a peritoneal recurrence; or (2) distant recurrence (DR), defined as @entity5 recurrence in a distant organ. Clinicopathological variables were analyzed in association with @entity66 , RAC, and DR. RESULTS: Positive nodal involvement and perineural invasion were independent factors that were significantly associated with an unfavorable @entity66 (P = 0.021 and P = 0.026, respectively). The presence of perineural invasion was the single independent variable significantly associated with an increased risk of RAC (P = 0.002), whereas the status of nodal involvement was the single independent variable significantly associated with an increased risk of DR (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The status of nodal involvement and perineural invasion in resected specimens are significantly associated with @entity66 and clearly predict the pattern of recurrence in the setting of a preoperative @entity136 -based CRT strategy. This study is registered at @entity8982 and carries the ID number UMIN000001804.

title: Perineural invasion and lymph node involvement as indicators of surgical outcome and pattern of recurrence in the setting of preoperative XXXX -based chemoradiation therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: Documenting smoke intake by objective biochemical markers is important for quantification of exposure to toxins. The aim of this report is to show the most definitive distribution of the @entity1239 metabolite, @entity4874 , yet available from English smokers in the period before implementation of the legislation banning smoking in indoor public areas. A total of 6,423 cigarette smokers, ages 16 years and above, taking part in the Health Survey for England between 1998 and 2003 provided a saliva @entity4874 value. Data on cigarette consumption, age, gender, social class, deprivation (as indicated by manual or nonmanual occupation, car ownership, and housing tenure), marital status, and region were collected. @entity4874 concentrations showed no overall trend over the study period. The mean value was 289.15 ng/mL (SD 174.43); excluding those who had not smoked in the past 24 hours, the mean value was 302.08 ng/mL (SD 168.78). A higher @entity4874 concentration was associated with being middle-aged (peaking at 40 years), being male, being single, greater economic deprivation, and not living in London. After adjusting for cigarette consumption, higher values were associated with middle age, being male, and greater deprivation. This study provides the most complete picture yet of the smoke intake of cigarette smokers in England. The fact that @entity4874 peaks at around the age of 40 years raises the possibility that @entity1239 intake continues to increase decades after a @entity1 starts to smoke. Greater @entity1239 intake in more deprived smokers could explain why they find it harder to stop smoking.

title: XXXX intake in cigarette smokers in England: distribution and demographic correlates.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine', 'Cotinine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The indications for and the efficacy of radiation therapy after radical operation for @entity1 with @entity263 are not clear. We analyzed the treatment results of adjuvant radiotherapy and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Between September 1997 and November 2004, 57 @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy or salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Fifteen @entity1 received radiation therapy because of positive margins and/or extracapsular invasion in surgical specimens (adjuvant group). Forty-two @entity1 received radiation therapy because of rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) during follow-up (salvage group). Radiation therapy was delivered to the fossa of the prostate +/- seminal vesicles by a three-dimensional (3-D) conformal technique to a total dose of 60-66 Gy (median, 60 Gy). Biochemical control was defined as the maintenance of a PSA level of less than 0.2 ng/ml. RESULTS: The median follow-up period after radiation therapy was 33 months (range, 12-98 months). Three-year biochemical control rates were 87% for the adjuvant group and 61% for the salvage group. For @entity1 in the salvage group treated without hormone therapy, the preradiation PSA value was the most significant factor for the biochemical control rate. The 3-year biochemical control rate was 93% in @entity1 whose preradiation PSA was 0.5 ng/ml or less and 29% in @entity1 whose preradiation PSA was more than 0.5 ng/ml. No severe adverse effects (equal to or more than grade 3) were seen in treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy seemed to be effective for adjuvant therapy and for salvage therapy in @entity1 with a preradiation PSA of 0.5 ng/ml or less. Also, radiation to the fossa of the prostate +/- seminal vesicles, to a total dose of 60-66 Gy, using a three-dimensional (3-D) conformal technique, seemed to be safe.

title: Treatment results of adjuvant radiotherapy and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the satisfactory surgical procedure for severe functional @entity1142 (SFC). METHODS: The data of 50 SFC @entity1 , undergone subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure from Sep. 2000 to @entity1488 . 2005, were analyzed retrospectively. Gastrointestinal quality of life (GIQOL) of these @entity1 were also evaluated. RESULTS: All the 50 @entity1 failed to respond to conservative treatment and accepted subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure after finding pathological changes by the examination of colonoscopy, colon transit time (CTT) and dynamic proctography (DPG). Twenty-seven out of 50 cases (54%) showed @entity2057 and 29 out of 50 cases (58%) showed @entity694 . The mean follow-up time after surgical treatment was (2.4+/-1.2) years. GIQOL and @entity1142 index improved dramatically after operations. Forty-four out of 50 @entity1 (88%) were satisfied with their postoperative evacuation. Nine @entity1 complained minor @entity490 ,3 @entity1 @entity294 and 2 @entity1 recurrence of @entity1142 , who were healed by the use of bulk-forming laxatives and GI-mobility drugs. CONCLUSION: The combination of modified Duhamel procedure and subtotal colectomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of SFC.

title: [Efficacy and safety of combined use of subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure in the surgical treatment of severe functional XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['decreased ganglion cells in myenteric plexuses of colon']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['colonic muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the construction of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled recombinant adenovirus containing @entity1 @entity8624 ( @entity39004 ) and its distribution and efficiency in @entity19 with interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) loss. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP/ @entity39004 was constructed by Ad-Easy system based on the homologous recombination in bacteria, then 1.6 x 10(9) PFU of recombinant adenoviruses were injected into Balb/c @entity19 with @entity8302 via the tail vein. In vivo distribution and efficiency of recombinant adenoviruses mediated @entity39004 were observed by GFP under the fluorescent microscope at different phases. The expression of @entity39004 gene was measured by RT-PCR method. The damages were observed in different organs by HE staining. RESULTS: The recombinant adenovirus containing @entity39004 was quickly constructed by homologous recombination in bacteria using Ad-Easy system. Under the fluorescent microscope, GFP was revealed in heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine and large intestine of @entity19 with @entity8302 at different phases. No obvious damages were observed in various visceral organs by HE staining. RT-PCR showed @entity39004 mRNA expression in various visceral organs at different levels. CONCLUSIONS: Construction of adenovirus vector by the homologous recombination in bacteria is an efficient and time saving method, and a high titer of adenovirus is able to mediate the safe and stable expression of @entity39004 gene in @entity19 with @entity8302 . This finding will make further gene therapy in @entity19 with STC possible.

title: [Distribution and efficiency of recombinant adenovirus mediated @entity1 XXXX gene transfer in @entity19 with interstitial cells of Cajal loss].

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['stem cell leukemia']

answer: @entity8624 :: (MESH:D015448,Disease) :: ['stem cell leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the construction of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled recombinant adenovirus containing @entity1 @entity8624 ( @entity39004 ) and its distribution and efficiency in @entity19 with interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) loss. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP/ @entity39004 was constructed by Ad-Easy system based on the homologous recombination in bacteria, then 1.6 x 10(9) PFU of recombinant adenoviruses were injected into Balb/c @entity19 with @entity8302 via the tail vein. In vivo distribution and efficiency of recombinant adenoviruses mediated @entity39004 were observed by GFP under the fluorescent microscope at different phases. The expression of @entity39004 gene was measured by RT-PCR method. The damages were observed in different organs by HE staining. RESULTS: The recombinant adenovirus containing @entity39004 was quickly constructed by homologous recombination in bacteria using Ad-Easy system. Under the fluorescent microscope, GFP was revealed in heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine and large intestine of @entity19 with @entity8302 at different phases. No obvious damages were observed in various visceral organs by HE staining. RT-PCR showed @entity39004 mRNA expression in various visceral organs at different levels. CONCLUSIONS: Construction of adenovirus vector by the homologous recombination in bacteria is an efficient and time saving method, and a high titer of adenovirus is able to mediate the safe and stable expression of @entity39004 gene in @entity19 with @entity8302 . This finding will make further gene therapy in @entity19 with STC possible.

title: [Distribution and efficiency of recombinant adenovirus mediated XXXX @entity8624 gene transfer in @entity19 with interstitial cells of Cajal loss].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the construction of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled recombinant adenovirus containing @entity1 @entity8624 ( @entity39004 ) and its distribution and efficiency in @entity19 with interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) loss. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP/ @entity39004 was constructed by Ad-Easy system based on the homologous recombination in bacteria, then 1.6 x 10(9) PFU of recombinant adenoviruses were injected into Balb/c @entity19 with @entity8302 via the tail vein. In vivo distribution and efficiency of recombinant adenoviruses mediated @entity39004 were observed by GFP under the fluorescent microscope at different phases. The expression of @entity39004 gene was measured by RT-PCR method. The damages were observed in different organs by HE staining. RESULTS: The recombinant adenovirus containing @entity39004 was quickly constructed by homologous recombination in bacteria using Ad-Easy system. Under the fluorescent microscope, GFP was revealed in heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine and large intestine of @entity19 with @entity8302 at different phases. No obvious damages were observed in various visceral organs by HE staining. RT-PCR showed @entity39004 mRNA expression in various visceral organs at different levels. CONCLUSIONS: Construction of adenovirus vector by the homologous recombination in bacteria is an efficient and time saving method, and a high titer of adenovirus is able to mediate the safe and stable expression of @entity39004 gene in @entity19 with @entity8302 . This finding will make further gene therapy in @entity19 with STC possible.

title: [Distribution and efficiency of recombinant adenovirus mediated @entity1 @entity8624 gene transfer in XXXX with interstitial cells of Cajal loss].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of @entity1904 (ProCT) as a marker of @entity281 in @entity3124 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Medicosurgical department of intensive care (31 beds). @entity1 : One hundred eleven infected and 79 noninfected @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: ProCT and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) concentrations were monitored daily. The best cutoff values for ProCT and @entity1851 were 0.6 ng/mL and 7.9 mg/dL, respectively. Compared with @entity1851 , ProCT had a lower sensitivity (67.6 vs. 71.8), specificity (61.3 vs. 66.6), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.66 vs. 0.78, p < .05). The combination of ProCT and @entity1851 increased the specificity for @entity281 to 82.3%. In the infected @entity1 , plasma ProCT, but not @entity1851 , values were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Infected @entity1 with @entity2259 had higher ProCT concentrations than those without @entity2259 , but similar @entity1851 concentrations. ProCT levels were particularly high in @entity326 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: ProCT is not a better marker of @entity281 than @entity1851 in @entity3124 @entity1 , but it can represent a useful adjunctive parameter to identify @entity281 and is a useful marker of the severity of @entity281 .

title: XXXX used as a marker of @entity281 in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of @entity1904 (ProCT) as a marker of @entity281 in @entity3124 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Medicosurgical department of intensive care (31 beds). @entity1 : One hundred eleven infected and 79 noninfected @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: ProCT and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) concentrations were monitored daily. The best cutoff values for ProCT and @entity1851 were 0.6 ng/mL and 7.9 mg/dL, respectively. Compared with @entity1851 , ProCT had a lower sensitivity (67.6 vs. 71.8), specificity (61.3 vs. 66.6), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.66 vs. 0.78, p < .05). The combination of ProCT and @entity1851 increased the specificity for @entity281 to 82.3%. In the infected @entity1 , plasma ProCT, but not @entity1851 , values were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Infected @entity1 with @entity2259 had higher ProCT concentrations than those without @entity2259 , but similar @entity1851 concentrations. ProCT levels were particularly high in @entity326 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: ProCT is not a better marker of @entity281 than @entity1851 in @entity3124 @entity1 , but it can represent a useful adjunctive parameter to identify @entity281 and is a useful marker of the severity of @entity281 .

title: @entity1904 used as a marker of XXXX in the intensive care unit.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that @entity1534 (Hp) delays its entry into macrophages and persists inside megasomes, which are poorly acidified and accumulate early endosome autoantigen 1. Herein, we explored the role of Hp urease in bacterial survival in @entity19 peritoneal macrophages and @entity19 cells. Plasmid-free mutagenesis was used to replace ureA and ureB with @entity2755 acetyltransferase in Hp Strains 11637 and 11916. ureAB null Hp lacked detectable urease activity and did not express UreA or UreB as judged by immunoblotting. Deletion of ureAB had no effect on Hp binding to macrophages or the rate or extent of phagocytosis. However, intracellular survival of mutant organisms was impaired significantly. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that (in contrast to parental organisms) mutant Hp resided in single phagosomes, which were acidic and accumulated the lysosome marker lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 but not early endosome autoantigen 1. A similar phenotype was observed for spontaneous urease mutants derived from Hp Strain 60190. Treatment of macrophages with @entity7999 , @entity8777 , or @entity503 prevented acidification of phagosomes containing mutant Hp. However, only @entity5819 enhanced bacterial viability significantly. Rescue of ureAB null organisms was also achieved by surface adsorption of active urease. Altogether, our data indicate a role for urease and urease-derived @entity3265 in megasome formation and Hp survival.

title: Role of urease in megasome formation and XXXX survival in macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity7999 :: ('MESH:C040929', 'Chemical') :: ['bafilomycin A1']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Dopaminergic neurons in vivo fire spontaneously in three distinct patterns or modes. It has previously been shown that the firing pattern of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons can be differentially modulated by local application of @entity1246 (A) and @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonists. The @entity1246 (A) antagonists, @entity1027 or @entity5094 , greatly increase burst firing in dopaminergic neurons whereas @entity1246 (B) antagonists cause a modest shift away from burst firing towards pacemaker-like firing. The three principal GABAergic inputs to nigral dopaminergic neurons arise from striatum, globus pallidus and from the axon collaterals of nigral pars reticulata projection neurons, each of which appear to act in vivo primarily on @entity1246 (A) receptors (see preceding paper). In this study we attempted to determine on which afferent pathway(s) @entity1246 (A) antagonists were acting to cause burst firing. Substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons were studied by single unit extracellular recordings in @entity4774 anesthetized @entity35 during pharmacologically induced inhibition and excitation of globus pallidus. @entity6341 -induced inhibition of pallidal neurons produced an increase in the regularity of firing of nigral dopaminergic neurons together with a slight decrease in firing rate. @entity1027 -induced excitation of globus pallidus neurons produced a marked increase in burst firing together with a modest increase in firing rate. These changes in firing rate were in the opposite direction to what would be expected for a monosynaptic GABAergic pallidonigral input. Examination of the response of pars reticulata GABAergic neurons to similar manipulations of globus pallidus revealed that the firing rates of these neurons were much more sensitive to changes in globus pallidus neuron firing rate than dopaminergic neurons and that they responded in the opposite direction. Pallidal inhibition produced a dramatic increase in the firing rate of pars reticulata GABAergic neurons while pallidal excitation suppressed the spontaneous activity of pars reticulata GABAergic neurons. These data suggest that globus pallidus exerts significant control over the firing rate and pattern of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons through a disynaptic pathway involving nigral pars reticulata GABAergic neurons and that at least one important way in which local application of @entity1027 induces burst firing of dopaminergic neurons is by disinhibition of this tonic inhibitory input.

title: GABAergic control of XXXX substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons: role of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['Bicuculline', 'bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Admission to a nursing home is considered a poor outcome for community-dwelling older adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity308 increased the risk of nursing home admission. Using the National Hospital Discharge Survey 2001-2003 datasets, the authors identified 28,172 community-dwelling older adults, 65 years and older, discharged alive with a primary discharge diagnosis of @entity453 . The objective of this study was to determine the association between @entity308 and subsequent nursing home admissions in these @entity1 . Propensity scores for @entity308 , calculated for each @entity1 using a multivariable logistic regression model, were used to match 686 @entity308 @entity1 with 2058 nondepressed @entity1 who had similar propensity scores. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between @entity308 and nursing home admission. @entity1 had a mean age +/- SD of 77+/-8 years, and 61% were @entity1 . Compared with 9% of nondepressed @entity1 , 13% of @entity308 @entity1 were admitted to nursing homes (relative risk, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.78). When adjusted for various demographic, clinical, and care-related covariates, the association became somewhat stronger (adjusted relative risk, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.99). In ambulatory older adults hospitalized with @entity453 , a secondary diagnosis of @entity308 was associated with a significantly increased risk of nursing home admission.

title: XXXX and nursing home admission among hospitalized older adults with @entity453 : a propensity score analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: Admission to a nursing home is considered a poor outcome for community-dwelling older adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity308 increased the risk of nursing home admission. Using the National Hospital Discharge Survey 2001-2003 datasets, the authors identified 28,172 community-dwelling older adults, 65 years and older, discharged alive with a primary discharge diagnosis of @entity453 . The objective of this study was to determine the association between @entity308 and subsequent nursing home admissions in these @entity1 . Propensity scores for @entity308 , calculated for each @entity1 using a multivariable logistic regression model, were used to match 686 @entity308 @entity1 with 2058 nondepressed @entity1 who had similar propensity scores. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between @entity308 and nursing home admission. @entity1 had a mean age +/- SD of 77+/-8 years, and 61% were @entity1 . Compared with 9% of nondepressed @entity1 , 13% of @entity308 @entity1 were admitted to nursing homes (relative risk, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.78). When adjusted for various demographic, clinical, and care-related covariates, the association became somewhat stronger (adjusted relative risk, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.99). In ambulatory older adults hospitalized with @entity453 , a secondary diagnosis of @entity308 was associated with a significantly increased risk of nursing home admission.

title: @entity308 and nursing home admission among hospitalized older adults with XXXX : a propensity score analysis.

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Free @entity1718 (FFA) physiologically regulate GH release via a negative feedback. The aim of this study was to examine whether such feedback is preserved in @entity2012 , a condition in which alterations in other regulatory mechanisms of GH release occur. Eight acromegalic @entity1 (group 1: five @entity1 and three @entity1 , 43.0 +/- 4.2 yr old, mean +/- SE) received per os on two different days, at a 3 day-interval, in a random order, placebo or 250 mg of @entity42718 , an inhibitor of lipolysis analogous to @entity1670 , at 0700 and 1100 h. In both tests @entity7704 (1-29 @entity2733 ), 50 microg, was administered i.v. at 1300 h. Blood samples for GH, FFA, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and @entity413 were taken from 0900 to 1500 h, and the time period considered for statistical analysis was 1200-1500 h, representative of steady-state condition for FFA, IRI, and @entity413 . Mean plasma FFA levels (1200-1500 h) were significantly lower after acipimox than after placebo (0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.01 g/L, P < 0.01). In contrast, both mean basal GH levels (1200-1300 h) and the mean GH response to @entity7704 (GH delta area, 1300-1500 h) were significantly higher after acipimox than after placebo (12.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 7.8 +/- 1.2 microg/L, P < 0.01; 2937 +/- 959 vs. 1154 +/- 432 microg/L x 120 min, P < 0.01). The increase in both basal GH levels and GH delta area occurred in all eight @entity1 . Acipimox also reduced mean serum IRI (83 +/- 12 vs. 112 +/- 14 pmol/L) and blood @entity413 (5.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) levels, as compared with placebo (P < 0.03 or less). Eight acromegalic @entity1 (group 2: six @entity1 and two @entity1 , 46.6 +/- 5.7 yr old) underwent a constant i.v. 10% lipid infusion (150 mL/h), started at 0900 h and continued until 1500 h. Mean plasma FFA levels (1200-1500 h) were significantly higher during lipid infusion than after placebo (0.27 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.01 g/L, P < 0.02); in contrast, mean basal GH levels (1200-1300 h) were reduced by lipid infusion, as compared with placebo (9.9 +/- 3.1 vs. 16.6 +/- 4.4 microg/L, P < 0.01), and the same occurred for the GH delta area after @entity7704 (2498 +/- 1643 vs. 4512 +/- 1988 microg/L x 120 min, P < 0.01). Serum IRI and blood @entity413 levels were similar after placebo and during lipid infusion. These data indicate that, in @entity2012 , the acute reduction of circulating FFA levels results in increased GH release, whereas the increase in circulating FFA levels is accompanied by a reduced GH release. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in @entity2012 , the control of FFA on GH release is preserved.

title: The control on growth hormone release by free XXXX is maintained in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: Free @entity1718 (FFA) physiologically regulate GH release via a negative feedback. The aim of this study was to examine whether such feedback is preserved in @entity2012 , a condition in which alterations in other regulatory mechanisms of GH release occur. Eight acromegalic @entity1 (group 1: five @entity1 and three @entity1 , 43.0 +/- 4.2 yr old, mean +/- SE) received per os on two different days, at a 3 day-interval, in a random order, placebo or 250 mg of @entity42718 , an inhibitor of lipolysis analogous to @entity1670 , at 0700 and 1100 h. In both tests @entity7704 (1-29 @entity2733 ), 50 microg, was administered i.v. at 1300 h. Blood samples for GH, FFA, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and @entity413 were taken from 0900 to 1500 h, and the time period considered for statistical analysis was 1200-1500 h, representative of steady-state condition for FFA, IRI, and @entity413 . Mean plasma FFA levels (1200-1500 h) were significantly lower after acipimox than after placebo (0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.01 g/L, P < 0.01). In contrast, both mean basal GH levels (1200-1300 h) and the mean GH response to @entity7704 (GH delta area, 1300-1500 h) were significantly higher after acipimox than after placebo (12.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 7.8 +/- 1.2 microg/L, P < 0.01; 2937 +/- 959 vs. 1154 +/- 432 microg/L x 120 min, P < 0.01). The increase in both basal GH levels and GH delta area occurred in all eight @entity1 . Acipimox also reduced mean serum IRI (83 +/- 12 vs. 112 +/- 14 pmol/L) and blood @entity413 (5.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) levels, as compared with placebo (P < 0.03 or less). Eight acromegalic @entity1 (group 2: six @entity1 and two @entity1 , 46.6 +/- 5.7 yr old) underwent a constant i.v. 10% lipid infusion (150 mL/h), started at 0900 h and continued until 1500 h. Mean plasma FFA levels (1200-1500 h) were significantly higher during lipid infusion than after placebo (0.27 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.01 g/L, P < 0.02); in contrast, mean basal GH levels (1200-1300 h) were reduced by lipid infusion, as compared with placebo (9.9 +/- 3.1 vs. 16.6 +/- 4.4 microg/L, P < 0.01), and the same occurred for the GH delta area after @entity7704 (2498 +/- 1643 vs. 4512 +/- 1988 microg/L x 120 min, P < 0.01). Serum IRI and blood @entity413 levels were similar after placebo and during lipid infusion. These data indicate that, in @entity2012 , the acute reduction of circulating FFA levels results in increased GH release, whereas the increase in circulating FFA levels is accompanied by a reduced GH release. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in @entity2012 , the control of FFA on GH release is preserved.

title: The control on growth hormone release by free @entity1718 is maintained in XXXX .

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']