abstract: The development of culture systems to support the initiation of growth of primordial follicles is important to the study of the factors that control the earliest stages of folliculogenesis. We investigated the effectiveness of five culture media, two supplements and three culture periods on the survival and growth of @entity1237 primordial follicles after culturing ovarian cortex. The media were based on minimal essential minimum (MEM) and @entity11896 ( @entity11896 ) added in the proportion of 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100%. The two supplements were none versus supplemented with insulin- @entity72368 - @entity4259 , @entity2388 , @entity1160 , @entity3625 , and BSA. Pieces of @entity1237 ovarian cortex were cultured in the media for 1, 3 or 5 days and representative samples were evaluated at day 0 as non-cultured controls. The replicates were the two ovaries of five mixed breed @entity1237 . The number of primordial, intermediate, primary and secondary follicles at each period of culture and the number of degenerated follicles were evaluated. Mitotic activity of granulosa cells was studied by immunolocalization of @entity72369 ( @entity72369 ). The number of follicles in each stage and degenerated follicles were statistically analyzed by ANOVA using a factorial design and the significance of differences assessed using Tukey test. Chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of follicles with @entity72369 positive granulosa cells. As the culture period progressed, the number of primordial follicles fell and there was a significant increase in the number of primary follicles. The fall in the number of primordial follicles was particularly marked after 1 day culture. No effect of media on the number of primordial and primary follicles was observed after culture, but MEM as well as supplements increased the number of intermediate follicles. @entity528 was kept at the same level after culture in the media tested, except for pure @entity11896 that increased the number of degenerated follicles. In contrast, addition of supplements to culture media reduced follicular degeneration. In non-cultured tissue, @entity72369 was expressed in granulosa cells of 31.6% of the growing follicles. This percentage had not significantly changed after 5 days culture in the various media, indicating the maintenance of proliferation activity of granulosa cells during culture. In conclusion, it is shown that @entity1237 primordial follicles may be successfully activated after in vitro culture in all media tested. However, when pure @entity11896 is used the follicular degeneration is enhanced, but the addition of supplements to culture media decrease follicular degeneration.

title: Survival and growth of XXXX primordial follicles after in vitro culture of ovarian cortical slices in media containing coconut water.

entities_list: @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['CWS', 'coconut water solution']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity72369 :: ('102172276', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Follicular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed to older people have anticholinergic properties as adverse effects and are therefore potentially harmful. These effects typically include @entity1142 , @entity2133 , blurred vision, @entity1296 and slowing of urination. It has been shown that drugs with anticholinergic properties (DAPs) are associated with @entity73 and @entity303 , may contribute to events such as falls, @entity933 and @entity23 , are associated with self-reported adverse effects and @entity73 , and may even be associated with mortality. However, studies of the prognostic implications of DAPs remain scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of DAPs on hospitalization and mortality in older @entity1 with stable @entity65 ( @entity65 ). METHODS: This was a prospective study with a mean follow-up of 3.3 years involving two study groups: users (n   =   295) and non-users (n   =   105) of DAPs. The @entity1 were 400 community-dwelling older @entity1 (aged 75-90 years) with stable @entity65 participating in a secondary prevention study of @entity65 (DEBATE) in Helsinki, Finland. The use of DAPs was estimated using definitions from the previous scientific literature. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to estimate the burden of co-morbidity and the Mini-Mental State Examination test was used to assess cognitive function. The risks in the two study groups for hospital visits, number of days spent in hospital care and mortality were measured from 2000 to the end of 2003. RESULTS: The unadjusted follow-up mortality was 20.7% and 9.5% among the users and non-users of DAPs, respectively (p   =   0.010). However, the use of DAPs was not a significant predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex and CCI score (hazard ratio 1.57; 95% CI 0.78, 3.15). The mean        SD number of hospital days per @entity1 -year was higher in the DAP user group (14.9        32.5) than in the non-user group (5.2        12.3) [p   <   0.001]. In a bootstrap-type analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex and CCI score, the use of DAPs predicted the number of days spent in hospital (p   =   0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The use of DAPs in older @entity1 with stable @entity65 was associated with an increased number of hospital days but not with mortality.

title: Association of anticholinergic drugs with hospitalization and mortality among older cardiovascular XXXX : A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The most important determinant of prognosis for @entity1 with @entity0 is the status of the axillary lymph nodes. @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) has been performed for over a century to stage the @entity5 , achieve regional control, and perhaps improve survival. In accordance with tradition, @entity1600 has been performed on all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity0 . In the early 1990s, this dogma was challenged because of the significant morbidity associated with @entity1600 ( @entity809 , extremity @entity4269 ) and the fact that greater than 50% of all @entity0 are node negative. A less morbid but highly accurate staging procedure, lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) was introduced. Currently, the de facto standard of care in @entity0 is to perform LM and SNB in @entity1 with small @entity5 and clinically negative axilla. While numerous methodological issues are being raised, the utility of LM and SNB identification continues to expand. In the current review we assess the application of this technique to locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. What role does SNB play in locally @entity1442 ? Is LM and SNB accurate for @entity1 with @entity1442 ? What influence do axillary metastases have on further treatment? What is the role of SNB in the planning for neoadjuvant @entity1 ? The skillful management of @entity1 with @entity0 lies in the delicate balance between maximizing the efficacy of treatment and minimizing its morbidity and failure.

title: Sentinel node in the era of neoadjuvant therapy and locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: This paper reports findings of a qualitative study whose focus is health services use among individuals with @entity102 . DESIGN: Qualitative research with an ethnographic orientation. SETTING: A low income @entity33616 , Mexico. SUBJECTS: Twenty subjects selected through a theoretical sample. Measurements and main results. Open-ended interviews. The data were content-analyzed. Most @entity6 sufferers live with two or more @entity102 . Medical services use is combined with that of other healing systems. @entity1 also combine different types of health care services. Four health care use categories were found: frequent, occasional, periodical, and abandonment. Those who use health services frequently have oscillating or deteriorating illness trajectories, are supported by family members and are primarily @entity1 and elderly/retired @entity1 . Those who abandon health services have stable trajectories, they are their families primary providers, and cannot stop work to receive medical care; but some others have deteriorating illness trajectories and their symptoms do not ameliorate with consultations. CONCLUSIONS: Different factors explain patterns of health services utilization. Such patterns of use have serious implications in the health care reorganization.

title: [Health services utilization in Mexico: the perspective of individuals with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity33616 :: ('MESH:C537970', 'Disease') :: ['neighborhood of Guadalajara']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of progression in high-risk @entity521 remains challenging despite improved survival. We retrospectively evaluated outcomes in @entity1 with a first progression that included soft-tissue masses. METHODS: We reviewed records of 903 consecutive @entity1 with high-risk @entity521 diagnosed between 2004 and 2014, and identified 42 whose first progression included soft-tissue masses. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, treatment, and survival were collected. Primary outcome was 5-year overall survival (OS) from time of first progression. Secondary outcomes were @entity74 ( @entity74 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) postprogression. We evaluated the prognostic significance of concomitant bone/bone marrow involvement, @entity4180 status, and multifocality of soft tissue relapse. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 3.0 (range: 1-10.7) years. Median time to first relapse or progression was 1.2 (range: 0.1-4.5) years after complete remission or minimal stable residual disease. Twelve (29%) @entity1 had concomitant bone or marrow involvement at progression/relapse. There were 11 (26%) @entity1 with International @entity521 Staging System stage 3 disease (all with @entity4180 amplification), and 31 (74%) with stage 4 disease (12 with @entity4180 amplification). Nine (21%) @entity1 had multifocal soft tissue progression. R1 resection was achieved in 41 @entity1 (95%), 38 (95%) of whom also received salvage radiation therapy. Five-year OS postprogression was 35% (95% CI: 19-51%), 5-year LDFS was 52% (95% CI: 32-72%), and 5-year PFS postprogression was 20% (95% CI: 6-34%). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with high-risk @entity521 who underwent aggressive treatment of a first soft-tissue recurrence, 5-year postprogression overall survival was 34%. Multifocality and @entity4180 amplification were the predominant prognostic correlates for worse survival.

title: Salvage rates after progression of high-risk XXXX with a soft tissue mass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['LDFR', 'local disease-free progression']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: AIM: To provide insight into professionals' opinions on @entity0 follow-up to facilitate implementation of new follow-up strategies. The study focuses on current practice, purpose and perceived effects, and preferred frequency and duration of follow-up. DESIGN: A 29-item questionnaire on professionals' demographics, current practice, opinion on the current guideline, preferences in frequency and duration of tailored follow-up, and the purpose and perceived effects of follow-up was sent to 633 Dutch professionals. RESULTS: The current national guideline is followed by 81% of respondents. All different specialists are involved in follow-up. Sixty-nine percent of respondents' report nurse practitioners to be involved in follow-up. When asked for tailored follow-up, professionals indicate more factors for increased follow-up (age<40 years, pT3-4 @entity5 , pN2-3, treatment related morbidity, and psychosocial support), than for reduced schedules (age >70 years and DCIS histology). Alternative forms of follow-up are not endorsed by >90% of respondents. Detection of a new primary @entity5 of the breast is considered the most important purpose of follow-up (98%), 57% still indicates detecting @entity3 as a goal. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals tend towards longer and more intensive follow-up than the current guideline for a large group of @entity1 . Limitations and developments in follow-up need to be considered to facilitate alternative follow-up strategies.

title: Professionals' opinion on follow-up in XXXX @entity1 ; perceived purpose and influence of @entity1 ' risk factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: To provide insight into professionals' opinions on @entity0 follow-up to facilitate implementation of new follow-up strategies. The study focuses on current practice, purpose and perceived effects, and preferred frequency and duration of follow-up. DESIGN: A 29-item questionnaire on professionals' demographics, current practice, opinion on the current guideline, preferences in frequency and duration of tailored follow-up, and the purpose and perceived effects of follow-up was sent to 633 Dutch professionals. RESULTS: The current national guideline is followed by 81% of respondents. All different specialists are involved in follow-up. Sixty-nine percent of respondents' report nurse practitioners to be involved in follow-up. When asked for tailored follow-up, professionals indicate more factors for increased follow-up (age<40 years, pT3-4 @entity5 , pN2-3, treatment related morbidity, and psychosocial support), than for reduced schedules (age >70 years and DCIS histology). Alternative forms of follow-up are not endorsed by >90% of respondents. Detection of a new primary @entity5 of the breast is considered the most important purpose of follow-up (98%), 57% still indicates detecting @entity3 as a goal. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals tend towards longer and more intensive follow-up than the current guideline for a large group of @entity1 . Limitations and developments in follow-up need to be considered to facilitate alternative follow-up strategies.

title: Professionals' opinion on follow-up in @entity0 XXXX ; perceived purpose and influence of @entity1 ' risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To provide insight into professionals' opinions on @entity0 follow-up to facilitate implementation of new follow-up strategies. The study focuses on current practice, purpose and perceived effects, and preferred frequency and duration of follow-up. DESIGN: A 29-item questionnaire on professionals' demographics, current practice, opinion on the current guideline, preferences in frequency and duration of tailored follow-up, and the purpose and perceived effects of follow-up was sent to 633 Dutch professionals. RESULTS: The current national guideline is followed by 81% of respondents. All different specialists are involved in follow-up. Sixty-nine percent of respondents' report nurse practitioners to be involved in follow-up. When asked for tailored follow-up, professionals indicate more factors for increased follow-up (age<40 years, pT3-4 @entity5 , pN2-3, treatment related morbidity, and psychosocial support), than for reduced schedules (age >70 years and DCIS histology). Alternative forms of follow-up are not endorsed by >90% of respondents. Detection of a new primary @entity5 of the breast is considered the most important purpose of follow-up (98%), 57% still indicates detecting @entity3 as a goal. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals tend towards longer and more intensive follow-up than the current guideline for a large group of @entity1 . Limitations and developments in follow-up need to be considered to facilitate alternative follow-up strategies.

title: Professionals' opinion on follow-up in @entity0 @entity1 ; perceived purpose and influence of XXXX ' risk factors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To give an overview on intraoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity11 surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MR imaging was performed using a 0.2T scanner, located in a radiofrequency-shielded operating theatre. Two setups were used: surgery either in a neighbouring operating theatre, or directly at the 5G line. Additionally, in @entity11 adjacent to eloquent brain areas microscope- or pointer-based neuronavigation with integrated functional data was applied. 106 @entity11 were among the 330 @entity1 investigated in the last 5 years. RESULTS: We did not observe complications attributable to intraoperative MR imaging. Image quality was sufficient to evaluate the extent of the @entity5 resection in the majority of cases. Intraoperative imaging revealed remaining @entity5 in 63%. In a total of 26% @entity1 @entity5 could be removed due to the results of intraoperative imaging, increasing the rate of @entity5 removal especially in the low-grade @entity5 . The additional use of functional neuronavigation prevented an increased morbidity. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative MR imaging offers the possibility of @entity5 removal during the same surgical procedure in case of @entity5 remnants, increasing the rate of @entity5 removal. The effects of brain shift can be compensated for using intraoperative image data for updating.

title: XXXX surgery evaluated by intraoperative low-field magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['further tumour', 'complete tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of an image-guided operation theatre offering multimodal information for mini-invasive @entity1313 operations. METHODS: A multi-purpose resistive low-field MR scanner with on-off capability, was installed in a radio frequency-shielded operating room with in-room control panel and display. Intraoperative ultrasound imaging with Doppler mode as needed is used to provide check-up image data between intraoperative MR-imaging sessions. Cortical stimulation and registration are performed during awake craniotomies. The neuronavigation systems are customised arm-based and passive optical. The navigation systems show the positions of the ultrasound probe, cortical stimulation electrode, biopsy needles, endoscope and other instruments on the intraoperative MR-images. FINDINGS: Since 1999, 70 @entity1 (mean age 47, range 3-88 years) have been operated with intraoperative MR-guidance (including 10 @entity5 biopsies, 56 resections). Twenty-one @entity1 (mean age 46, range 16-67 years) underwent awake craniotomy and @entity5 resection secured with cortical stimulation and usually preoperative fMR-imaging. The present operating environment offered useful multimodal information for surgery of @entity1313 in critical locations. Surgical mortality was 0%, morbidity included 3 (4.3%) infections and 2 (2.9%) permanent @entity1269 . Further @entity5 was continued in 17 cases (57%) out of the 30 cases where intraoperative MR imaging was used for controlling completeness of the resection.

title: Intraoperative imaging in a comprehensive neuronavigation environment for minimally invasive XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours', 'neurosurgical brain tumour']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe hemophilia requires life-long treatment with expensive clotting factor concentrates; studies comparing effects of different therapeutic strategies over decades are very difficult to perform. A simulation model was developed to evaluate the long-term outcome of on demand, prophylactic and mixed treatment strategies for @entity1 with severe @entity447 . DESIGN AND METHODS: A computer model was developed based on individual @entity1 ' data from a Dutch cohort study in which intermediate dose prophylaxis was used and a French cohort study in which on demand treatment was used, and multivariate regression analyses. This model simulated individual @entity1 ' life expectancy, onset of @entity548 , life-time joint @entity548 , radiological outcome and concentrate use according to the different treatment strategies. RESULTS: According to the model, life-time on demand treatment would result in an average of 1,494 joint @entity548 during the hemophiliac's life, and consumption of 4.9 million IU of factor VIII concentrate. In contrast, life-time intermediate dose prophylaxis resulted in a mean of 357 joint @entity548 and factor consumption of 8.3 million IU. A multiple switch strategy (between prophylactic and on demand treatment based on @entity548 pattern) resulted in a mean number of 395 joint @entity548 and factor consumption of 6.6 million IU. The estimated proportion of @entity1 with Pettersson scores over 28 points was 32% for both the prophylactic and the multiple switching strategies, compared to 76% for continuous on demand treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present model allows evaluation of the impact of various treatment strategies on @entity1 ' joint @entity548 and clotting factor consumption. It may be expanded with additional data to allow more precise estimates and include economic evaluations of treatment strategies.

title: A modeling approach to evaluate long-term outcome of prophylactic and on demand treatment strategies for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is a common complication of @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) have emerged as reliable biomarkers of @entity409 and @entity731 . METHODS: @entity1 underwent blood drawing the morning after a sleep study. Endothelial function was assessed using a modified hyperemic test after cuff-induced occlusion of the brachial artery. Circulating MP levels in plasma, including levels of endothelial MPs, endothelial progenitor MPs, leukocyte MPs, and platelet MPs, were measured using flow cytometry after staining with cell-specific antibodies. RESULTS: The levels of endothelial MPs, endothelial progenitor MPs, leukocyte MPs, and platelet MPs were significantly different according to the severity of @entity27 in @entity1 . Leukocyte @entity9536 + MPs and platelet CD41a+ MPs correlated with the @entity27 index (AHI) (r = 0.334, P < .001; and r = 0.301, P < .001, respectively), and associations emerged between leukocyte @entity9536 + MPs and @entity755 (r = 0.206, P < .05) and between endothelial MPs and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (r = 0.240, P < .01). In a multivariate regression model, the BMI z score (b    SE, 0.045    0.020; P = .020) and the @entity1427 a MPs to leukocyte @entity1195 MPs ratio (b    SE, 0.074    0.032; P = .021) were independently associated with peak hyperemic responses. After controlling for age, gender, race, BMI z score, and @entity755 levels, endothelial MPs, endothelial progenitor MPs, and leukocyte MPs showed independent associations with the AHI. Complex significant associations emerged between endothelial function, the AHI, and @entity1427 a MPs. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood @entity27 is associated with higher circulating MP levels that can promote cardiovascular risk. Platelet-derived MPs emerge as being significantly associated with the @entity455 associated with @entity27 in @entity1 and could potentially account for increased risk for altered endothelial function. However, the clinical use of MPs as reliable biomarker indicators of vascular risk will have to await further studies.

title: Circulating microparticles in XXXX with sleep disordered breathing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'OSA', 'pediatric obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantifying @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) prevalence and incidence is important for planning interventions and advocating for resources. The World Health Organization (WHO) periodically estimates global and regional prevalence and incidence of four curable STIs: @entity1047 , gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis. METHODS AND FINDINGS: WHO's 2012 estimates were based upon literature reviews of prevalence data from 2005 through 2012 among general populations for @entity281 with @entity1047 , gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis, and nationally reported data on syphilis seroprevalence among antenatal care attendees. Data were standardized for laboratory test type, geography, age, and high risk subpopulations, and combined using a Bayesian meta-analytic approach. Regional incidence estimates were generated from prevalence estimates by adjusting for average duration of @entity281 . In 2012, among @entity1 aged 15-49 years, the estimated global prevalence of @entity1047 was 4.2% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.7-4.7%), gonorrhoea 0.8% (0.6-1.0%), trichomoniasis 5.0% (4.0-6.4%), and syphilis 0.5% (0.4-0.6%); among @entity1 , estimated @entity1047 prevalence was 2.7% (2.0-3.6%), gonorrhoea 0.6% (0.4-0.9%), trichomoniasis 0.6% (0.4-0.8%), and syphilis 0.48% (0.3-0.7%). These figures correspond to an estimated 131 million new cases of @entity1047 (100-166 million), 78 million of gonorrhoea (53-110 million), 143 million of trichomoniasis (98-202 million), and 6 million of syphilis (4-8 million). Prevalence and incidence estimates varied by region and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of @entity1047 , gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis in adult @entity1 and @entity1 remain high, with nearly one million new infections with curable @entity2953 each day. The estimates highlight the urgent need for the public health community to ensure that well-recognized effective interventions for @entity2953 prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment are made more widely available. Improved estimation methods are needed to allow use of more varied data and generation of estimates at the national level.

title: Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable XXXX in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'genitourinary infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STI', 'sexually transmitted infection']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['Sexually Transmitted Infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation (RTx) is the modality of choice for @entity454 due to @entity19417 ( @entity19417 ). The significance of ANCA positivity (ANCA+) at the time of RTx on recurrent disease is controversial. METHODS: We evaluated clinical outcomes and predictors of @entity1333 in sixteen transplanted @entity19417 @entity1 who were ANCA+ at RTx at a single University Medical Center. Allograft function, @entity1333 , and predictors of @entity1333 were assessed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Our cohort had a median age of 64  years, 88  % Caucasians, 63  % males, 50  % @entity7134 +. All @entity1 were in remission at the time of RTx. Twelve received induction therapy and all were on @entity618 , @entity229 and @entity1140 . The mean (SD) serum @entity1011 was 1.2 (0.3) mg/dl at 1  year and 1.8 (1.7) mg/dl at last follow up. Six developed @entity1333 at post-transplant. All relapses were treated with escalation in immunosuppression. One non-compliant @entity1 suffered graft loss while the remaining @entity1 achieved remission. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, @entity7134 ANCA+ @entity1 were two times (OR 2.19, p  =  0.71) more likely to experience a relapse compared to MPO ANCA+ @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity7134 ANCA+ @entity1 may be more likely to experience relapse post-transplant. Further investigation of the predictors of @entity1333 among @entity19417 @entity1 who are ANCA+ at the time of RTx needs to be pursued.

title: Relevance of ANCA positivity at the time of renal transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis relapse']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA associated vasculitis', 'AAV']

answer: @entity19417 :: (MESH:D056648,Disease) :: ['ANCA associated vasculitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the prognosis of a micropapillary (MP) pattern in @entity1 with @entity5 (SBOT). METHODS: Review of @entity1 with stage II and stage III SBOT treated or referred to our institution with characterization of an MP pattern and its clinical impact. RESULTS: In 1969-2006, 168 @entity1 were reviewed. Fifty-six @entity1 had @entity43 . The rate of conservative surgery was lower in the @entity43 group than in the typical SBOT group, but the rate of @entity1 with more than three peritoneal sites with implants was higher in the @entity43 group. The rate of invasive implants was not statistically different between the two groups. Eighteen recurrences were observed (six of them in the form of invasive disease) in the @entity43 group. Only one death was observed. The overall survival times and recurrence-free intervals were similar in both groups. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in the @entity43 group was the use of conservative surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In the present series, an MP pattern doesn't appear to signify a poor prognosis. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in @entity43 was the use of conservative surgery. Further studies on the MP pattern are needed to evaluate prognosis and the results of conservative surgery.

title: Prognosis and prognostic factors of the micropapillary pattern in @entity1 treated for stage II and III serous borderline XXXX of the ovary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and stage III serous borderline tumor of the ovary']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the prognosis of a micropapillary (MP) pattern in @entity1 with @entity5 (SBOT). METHODS: Review of @entity1 with stage II and stage III SBOT treated or referred to our institution with characterization of an MP pattern and its clinical impact. RESULTS: In 1969-2006, 168 @entity1 were reviewed. Fifty-six @entity1 had @entity43 . The rate of conservative surgery was lower in the @entity43 group than in the typical SBOT group, but the rate of @entity1 with more than three peritoneal sites with implants was higher in the @entity43 group. The rate of invasive implants was not statistically different between the two groups. Eighteen recurrences were observed (six of them in the form of invasive disease) in the @entity43 group. Only one death was observed. The overall survival times and recurrence-free intervals were similar in both groups. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in the @entity43 group was the use of conservative surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In the present series, an MP pattern doesn't appear to signify a poor prognosis. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in @entity43 was the use of conservative surgery. Further studies on the MP pattern are needed to evaluate prognosis and the results of conservative surgery.

title: Prognosis and prognostic factors of the micropapillary pattern in XXXX treated for stage II and III serous borderline @entity5 of the ovary.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the introduction of digital mammography on the recall rate, detection rate, false-positive rate, and rates of invasive procedures in a cohort of @entity1 from four population-based @entity0 screening programs in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the ethics committee; informed consent was not required. A total of 242,838 mammograms (171,191 screen film [screen-film mammography group] and 71,647 digital [digital mammography group]) obtained in 103,613 @entity1 aged 45-69 years were included. False-positive results for any additional procedure and for invasive procedures, the @entity0 rate, and the positive predictive value in each group were compared by using Pearson   (2) test. The effect of the mammographic technology used (screen-film or digital) on the false-positive results and @entity5 detection risk was evaluated with multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted according to @entity1 's and the screening program's characteristics and time trends. RESULTS: The false-positive rate was higher for screen-film than for digital mammography (7.6% and 5.7%, respectively; P < .001). False-positive results after an invasive procedure were significantly higher for screen-film than for digital mammography (1.9% and 0.7%, respectively; P < .001). No significant differences were observed in the overall @entity5 detection rate between the two groups (0.45% and 0.43% in the screen-film and digital mammography groups, respectively; P = .59). The adjusted risk of a false-positive result was higher for screen-film than for digital mammography (odds ratio = 1.32). The adjusted risk was also lower for the digital mammography group when time trends were taken into account. CONCLUSION: The lower false-positive risk with use of digital mammography should be taken into account when balancing the risks and benefits of @entity0 screening.

title: Reduction in false-positive results after introduction of digital mammography: analysis from four population-based XXXX screening programs in Spain.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 51-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of preceding throbbing @entity410 . @entity10 and convulsive @entity410 disappeared and his consciousness recovered to alert within 2 hours after onset. Neurological examination showed no abnormal findings. Laboratory examinations revealed high low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (179   mg/dL), @entity916 (42   ng/mL/hour), @entity1369 (265   pg/mL), @entity1063 (1031   pg/mL), and @entity935 (79   pg/mL). In brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, but not the diffusion-weighted image, showed high signal intensities in white matter in bilateral occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes, with no stenotic changes on magnetic resonance angiography. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of focal lesions was elevated. Decreasing blood flow velocity and separated lumens in the right renal artery trunk were shown by renal artery ultrasonography. Enhanced computed tomography and renal angiography showed right renal partial @entity1188 and @entity850 in the right renal artery, accompanied by thrombosed false lumen. No stenotic changes were seen in other peripheral arteries. These findings seemed incompatible with renal dissection and @entity4267 , @entity12040 , and @entity573 nodosa. Our diagnosis was @entity75 ( @entity75 ) induced by @entity4815 due to @entity8 . To improve the @entity2791 and secondary @entity101 , we performed @entity661 , in addition to administering antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. After angioplasty, @entity101 and high signal intensity at brain MRI were clearly improved. We would like to emphasize that renal artery angioplasty should be considered as an option for @entity1 with @entity75 and malignant @entity101 .

title: Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Improved Posterior Reversible XXXX Syndrome due to Renovascular Hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'headache and tonic convulsions']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['isolated stenosis']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome', 'PRES']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['plain balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare a novel code-word alarm with a commercially available wireless alarm for treating @entity11795 . SETTING: A tertiary paediatric centre. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 6-18 with at least 3   wet nights per week in the previous 6   months referred by doctors. OUTCOMES: Primary outcome: the proportion who achieved a full response (14 consecutive dry nights) by 16   weeks. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: change in frequency of wetting, duration of alarm training, percentage of wet nights that the @entity1 woke to the alarm, adherence to treatment, adverse events and satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS: Of the 353 @entity1 , 176 were assigned to the code-word alarm and 177 to control. At 16   weeks, 54% (95% CI 47% to 61%) in the experimental group and 47% (95% CI 40% to 55%) in the control group had achieved a full response (p=0.22), with 74% and 66%, respectively, attaining a 50% or more reduction in wetting frequency (p=0.14). The experimental group woke more often than the control group (median percentage of waking 88% vs 77%, p=0.003) and had a greater reduction in wet nights (median reduction of 10 vs 9 nights per fortnight). Fewer in the experimental group discontinued therapy before achieving a full response (27% vs 37% discontinued, p=0.04). There were no significant differences in relapse rates at 6   months, adverse events or satisfaction between the two alarms. CONCLUSIONS: Although the code-word alarm increased waking, no difference in full response rates was demonstrated between the two alarms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12609000070235.

title: A randomised controlled trial of a code-word XXXX alarm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

answer: @entity11795 :: (MESH:D004775,Disease) :: ['enuresis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2968 ( @entity1777 ) is a @entity5 with a significant tendency to recur locally and rarely to produce pulmonary @entity3 . It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells together with mononuclear spindle-shaped cells. Few prognostic markers have been reported to predict the clinical outcome of @entity1777 @entity1 , so is very important to find the factor that can be implicated in its potential @entity146 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Different groups of @entity1777 @entity1 were selected for this study, including @entity1 without evidence of disease and @entity1 who recurred locally or with lung metastasis. The total of 92 @entity5 samples also included the specimens of the local recurrences and the lung @entity3 . By using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques, the genetic and proteic analyses were performed on the @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), its receptor ( @entity10431 ) and its inhibitor ( @entity2289 ), which have been described to be frequently implicated in the process of degradation of the extracellular matrix during the metastatic process. @entity650 ( @entity650 ), a cytokine released by @entity1777 cells, which stimulates resorption of bone, was also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity650 , @entity2290 , @entity10431 and @entity2289 genes were found amplified, respectively, in 7%, 5%, 8% and 12% of total cases (92). In particular, the percentages of amplified genes were higher in the @entity1777 cells that gave rise to @entity3 (12 cases) and in the samples of lung @entity3 (nine cases) compared with the disease-free group of @entity1 (60 cases). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a possible association of these factors with a higher biological @entity146 of @entity1777 . Morever, it appears that increased expression of the @entity650 , @entity2290 , @entity10431 and @entity2289 proteins might not depend on mutation of the corresponding genes.

title: Proteases and XXXX gene analysis in 92 giant cell tumors of bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['Giant cell tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abnormalities in @entity3264 neurotransmission may have a role in the pathophysiology of adolescent @entity308 . The present pilot study examined changes in cortical @entity3264 / @entity3264 ratios in @entity308 adolescents receiving high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Ten adolescents with treatment-refractory major @entity308 received up to 30 sessions of 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 120% motor threshold with 3000 pulses per session applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Baseline, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans of the anterior cingulate cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were collected at 3T with 8-cm(3) voxels. @entity3264 metabolites were quantified with 2 distinct proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy sequences in each brain region. After repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and at 6 months of follow-up, @entity3264 / @entity3264 ratios increased in the anterior cingulate cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with both measurements. The increase in the @entity3264 / @entity3264 ratio reached statistical significance with the TE-optimized PRESS sequence in the anterior cingulate cortex. @entity3264 / @entity3264 ratios increased in conjunction with depressive symptom improvement. This reached statistical significance with the TE-optimized PRESS sequence in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may modulate @entity3264 neurochemistry in @entity308 adolescents.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation potentiates glutamatergic neurotransmission in XXXX adolescents.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine', 'glutamate', 'Glutamate']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: Disturbed sleep cycles are the principal cause of institutionalization in @entity303 , and therefore represent a major clinical problem. They may arise from dysfunction within the circadian clock of the hypothalamus that times and consolidates wakefulness, or from neuropathology in output pathways and/or target sites of the clock specifically controlling sleep and wakefulness. To determine the relationship of disturbed activity cycles to other circadian clock-controlled rhythms, cross-sectional and longitudinal actigraphy and serial sampling of saliva were used to compare the impact of early @entity195 on activity/rest and @entity701 rhythms in home-dwelling subjects. Mildly demented subjects had daily activity rhythms comparable to those of healthy age-matched subjects. Moderately demented subjects exhibited a range of disturbances of the activity/rest cycle, with reduced stability, @entity1949 and @entity393 . Within the moderately demented group, however, the degree of circadian disruption was not correlated with the individual severity of @entity303 . All groups of subjects, mild, moderate with normal activity cycles and moderate with abnormal activity cycles, exhibited robust daily profiles of salivary @entity701 , with highest levels in the morning (08:00 h) and an evening nadir (20:00-24:00 h). Salivary @entity701 levels tended to be higher in the moderately demented subjects in the afternoon, but this effect was not specific to those with abnormal activity/rest patterns. The actimetric data confirm that deterioration of activity/rest cycles is a common and progressive feature in home-dwelling Alzheimer's @entity1 , occurring early in the disease but after the measurable onset of @entity303 . The maintenance of highly rhythmic daily @entity701 profiles in association with disturbed activity profiles, both on an individual and on a group basis, demonstrates that loss of circadian control to activity/rest cycles is not a consequence of global circadian disruption in early @entity303 . Rather, pathology may develop in discrete elements of the circadian clockwork and/or its output systems that control activity/rest, sleep and wakefulness. Further characterization of this pathology will facilitate more effective management of sleep patterns in home-dwelling demented @entity1 .

title: Disrupted daily activity/rest cycles in relation to daily @entity701 rhythms of home-dwelling @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['increased fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of amplitude']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's dementia']


abstract: Disturbed sleep cycles are the principal cause of institutionalization in @entity303 , and therefore represent a major clinical problem. They may arise from dysfunction within the circadian clock of the hypothalamus that times and consolidates wakefulness, or from neuropathology in output pathways and/or target sites of the clock specifically controlling sleep and wakefulness. To determine the relationship of disturbed activity cycles to other circadian clock-controlled rhythms, cross-sectional and longitudinal actigraphy and serial sampling of saliva were used to compare the impact of early @entity195 on activity/rest and @entity701 rhythms in home-dwelling subjects. Mildly demented subjects had daily activity rhythms comparable to those of healthy age-matched subjects. Moderately demented subjects exhibited a range of disturbances of the activity/rest cycle, with reduced stability, @entity1949 and @entity393 . Within the moderately demented group, however, the degree of circadian disruption was not correlated with the individual severity of @entity303 . All groups of subjects, mild, moderate with normal activity cycles and moderate with abnormal activity cycles, exhibited robust daily profiles of salivary @entity701 , with highest levels in the morning (08:00 h) and an evening nadir (20:00-24:00 h). Salivary @entity701 levels tended to be higher in the moderately demented subjects in the afternoon, but this effect was not specific to those with abnormal activity/rest patterns. The actimetric data confirm that deterioration of activity/rest cycles is a common and progressive feature in home-dwelling Alzheimer's @entity1 , occurring early in the disease but after the measurable onset of @entity303 . The maintenance of highly rhythmic daily @entity701 profiles in association with disturbed activity profiles, both on an individual and on a group basis, demonstrates that loss of circadian control to activity/rest cycles is not a consequence of global circadian disruption in early @entity303 . Rather, pathology may develop in discrete elements of the circadian clockwork and/or its output systems that control activity/rest, sleep and wakefulness. Further characterization of this pathology will facilitate more effective management of sleep patterns in home-dwelling demented @entity1 .

title: Disrupted daily activity/rest cycles in relation to daily XXXX rhythms of home-dwelling @entity1 with early @entity195 .

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Disturbed sleep cycles are the principal cause of institutionalization in @entity303 , and therefore represent a major clinical problem. They may arise from dysfunction within the circadian clock of the hypothalamus that times and consolidates wakefulness, or from neuropathology in output pathways and/or target sites of the clock specifically controlling sleep and wakefulness. To determine the relationship of disturbed activity cycles to other circadian clock-controlled rhythms, cross-sectional and longitudinal actigraphy and serial sampling of saliva were used to compare the impact of early @entity195 on activity/rest and @entity701 rhythms in home-dwelling subjects. Mildly demented subjects had daily activity rhythms comparable to those of healthy age-matched subjects. Moderately demented subjects exhibited a range of disturbances of the activity/rest cycle, with reduced stability, @entity1949 and @entity393 . Within the moderately demented group, however, the degree of circadian disruption was not correlated with the individual severity of @entity303 . All groups of subjects, mild, moderate with normal activity cycles and moderate with abnormal activity cycles, exhibited robust daily profiles of salivary @entity701 , with highest levels in the morning (08:00 h) and an evening nadir (20:00-24:00 h). Salivary @entity701 levels tended to be higher in the moderately demented subjects in the afternoon, but this effect was not specific to those with abnormal activity/rest patterns. The actimetric data confirm that deterioration of activity/rest cycles is a common and progressive feature in home-dwelling Alzheimer's @entity1 , occurring early in the disease but after the measurable onset of @entity303 . The maintenance of highly rhythmic daily @entity701 profiles in association with disturbed activity profiles, both on an individual and on a group basis, demonstrates that loss of circadian control to activity/rest cycles is not a consequence of global circadian disruption in early @entity303 . Rather, pathology may develop in discrete elements of the circadian clockwork and/or its output systems that control activity/rest, sleep and wakefulness. Further characterization of this pathology will facilitate more effective management of sleep patterns in home-dwelling demented @entity1 .

title: Disrupted daily activity/rest cycles in relation to daily @entity701 rhythms of home-dwelling XXXX with early @entity195 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5357 results from co-inheritance of two mutant beta-globin alleles. Allogeneic cord blood cell transplantation (CBT) from an HLA-identical sibling donor is an excellent treatment option for @entity5357 . In families with an affected @entity1 and willing to have another @entity1 , IVF followed by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can be applied to exclude affected embryos. Furthermore, healthy embryos could be HLA matched with the affected @entity1 so that cord blood from the future newborn can be used to transplant the affected sibling. METHODS: We developed an indirect single-cell HLA typing technique based on the use of a bank of seven microsatellite markers within the HLA locus from which four informative and evenly distributed markers were selected. RESULTS: The methodology was validated in three @entity5357 families having six ovarian stimulation cycles in view of IVF and PGD. Six PGD cycles were performed in two families. On 58 embryos tested, the combined PCR was successful in 54 (93%). Two transfers were done and one clinical pregnancy was obtained. Using confirmatory analysis on 50 embryos, the accuracy for HLA typing was 100%. CONCLUSION: This strategy offers a new therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity5357 and other monogenic diseases that can be cured with CBT.

title: Novel universal approach for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of XXXX in combination with HLA matching of embryos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['Beta-Thalassaemia', 'beta-thalassaemia']

answer: @entity5357 :: (MESH:D012497,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassaemia']


abstract: This is a personal clinical and radiological follow-up of 65 @entity1 with @entity2249 who were treated in 1973 to 1984 at our hospital. 30 @entity1 were operated by nailing according to Smith-Petersen and in 35 @entity1 osteosynthesis was performed by means of three or four lag screws. A comparative study between these two methods was done. The two main complications of @entity2249 , a vascular @entity39 and @entity1516 , were of special interest. The mean follow-up time was 7.2 years with the @entity174 fixed by nailing and 4.1 years, with the @entity174 operated by lag screws. Out of the 65 @entity1 the total rate of femoral head necroses was 21.5% and 10.7% of @entity1516 . In the @entity174 treated by the nailing method the rate of @entity39 was 23.3% and the rate of @entity1516 13.3%. In the @entity174 operated by lag screws the incidence of @entity39 was 20% and 8.5% by @entity1516 . @entity174 was primarily responsible for the development of @entity39 , but we could see also a relation between @entity39 and the inclination of the @entity174 line. Fractures of the type PIII/GIII/IV are those with the highest rate of @entity2530 . Furthermore, the development of both, @entity39 and @entity1516 , is strongly influenced by incomplete reduction.

title: [Comparative results of compression and non-compression operation methods following medial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the femoral neck', 'femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture displacement', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic necrosis', 'necrosis', 'head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the combination of @entity900 , @entity136 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) as therapy for metastatic or locally advanced inoperable @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven advanced or metastatic @entity788 received first-line chemotherapy comprising @entity900 (20 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36), @entity136 (1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29 and 36) and @entity1487 (200 mg/m2 as continuous infusion on days 1-42) every 56 days. RESULTS: A total of 34 @entity1 were studied. Eighty courses were administered (median two courses per @entity1 ). Among 32 @entity1 evaluable for response, two @entity1 had a complete response and four a partial response for an overall response rate of 19% (95% confidence interval 7% to 36%). Thirteen @entity1 had stable disease (40%) and 13 progressed. Median progression-free survival was 4.7 months, median survival 9.0 months and 26% of @entity1 achieved 1-year survival. Ten of 25 @entity1 (40%) with @entity158 at presentation had a sustained reduction of analgesic consumption. The principal grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity417 and @entity33 , occurring in 24%, 21%, 9% and 3% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This schedule seems well tolerated and active in @entity788 and worthwhile of further evaluation.

title: Phase II study of XXXX , @entity136 and @entity1487 in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the combination of @entity900 , @entity136 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) as therapy for metastatic or locally advanced inoperable @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven advanced or metastatic @entity788 received first-line chemotherapy comprising @entity900 (20 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36), @entity136 (1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29 and 36) and @entity1487 (200 mg/m2 as continuous infusion on days 1-42) every 56 days. RESULTS: A total of 34 @entity1 were studied. Eighty courses were administered (median two courses per @entity1 ). Among 32 @entity1 evaluable for response, two @entity1 had a complete response and four a partial response for an overall response rate of 19% (95% confidence interval 7% to 36%). Thirteen @entity1 had stable disease (40%) and 13 progressed. Median progression-free survival was 4.7 months, median survival 9.0 months and 26% of @entity1 achieved 1-year survival. Ten of 25 @entity1 (40%) with @entity158 at presentation had a sustained reduction of analgesic consumption. The principal grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity417 and @entity33 , occurring in 24%, 21%, 9% and 3% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This schedule seems well tolerated and active in @entity788 and worthwhile of further evaluation.

title: Phase II study of @entity900 , @entity136 and @entity1487 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the combination of @entity900 , @entity136 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) as therapy for metastatic or locally advanced inoperable @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven advanced or metastatic @entity788 received first-line chemotherapy comprising @entity900 (20 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36), @entity136 (1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29 and 36) and @entity1487 (200 mg/m2 as continuous infusion on days 1-42) every 56 days. RESULTS: A total of 34 @entity1 were studied. Eighty courses were administered (median two courses per @entity1 ). Among 32 @entity1 evaluable for response, two @entity1 had a complete response and four a partial response for an overall response rate of 19% (95% confidence interval 7% to 36%). Thirteen @entity1 had stable disease (40%) and 13 progressed. Median progression-free survival was 4.7 months, median survival 9.0 months and 26% of @entity1 achieved 1-year survival. Ten of 25 @entity1 (40%) with @entity158 at presentation had a sustained reduction of analgesic consumption. The principal grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity417 and @entity33 , occurring in 24%, 21%, 9% and 3% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This schedule seems well tolerated and active in @entity788 and worthwhile of further evaluation.

title: Phase II study of @entity900 , @entity136 and XXXX in advanced @entity788 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the combination of @entity900 , @entity136 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) as therapy for metastatic or locally advanced inoperable @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven advanced or metastatic @entity788 received first-line chemotherapy comprising @entity900 (20 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36), @entity136 (1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29 and 36) and @entity1487 (200 mg/m2 as continuous infusion on days 1-42) every 56 days. RESULTS: A total of 34 @entity1 were studied. Eighty courses were administered (median two courses per @entity1 ). Among 32 @entity1 evaluable for response, two @entity1 had a complete response and four a partial response for an overall response rate of 19% (95% confidence interval 7% to 36%). Thirteen @entity1 had stable disease (40%) and 13 progressed. Median progression-free survival was 4.7 months, median survival 9.0 months and 26% of @entity1 achieved 1-year survival. Ten of 25 @entity1 (40%) with @entity158 at presentation had a sustained reduction of analgesic consumption. The principal grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity417 and @entity33 , occurring in 24%, 21%, 9% and 3% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This schedule seems well tolerated and active in @entity788 and worthwhile of further evaluation.

title: Phase II study of @entity900 , XXXX and @entity1487 in advanced @entity788 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: Forty-one @entity1 (30 males, 11 females; mean age 49.7 years) with diagnosis of the "non-oat cell" type of @entity2 were studied. All @entity1 were included in a randomized treatment design (regimens A and B) and completed six full cycles of polychemotherapy. Only 28 of the 41 @entity1 proved evaluable. The performance status was 0-2 in 20 subjects (71.4%) and 3-4 in 8 (28.6%). The total number of @entity1 achieving partial and complete responses was 20 (71.4%), of whom 14 (70%) received CDDP and the other 6 DDR. A progression of the disease was seen in 8 @entity1 (28.6%), of whom 5 (62.5%) received DDR and the other 3 (37.5%) CDDP. An increase in body weight (3-8 kg) was observed in 15 @entity1 (53.6%). Twenty-four of the 28 @entity1 (85.7%) had a subjective feeling of well-being throughout the 6 cycles of chemotherapy. @entity390 and @entity391 and @entity1665 were the most frequent side-effects. The most important complications were @entity8442 in 2 cases and a darkish manifestation in forearm and hand tissue due to @entity5713 extravasation in another 2 cases. @entity137 was found to be acceptable: @entity1210 (less than 3.000) in 30 @entity1 (73.2%); and @entity882 (less than 100.000) in 12 @entity1 (29.2%), which proved reversible. Some modalities relative to treatment schemes and the incorporation of additional agents are discussed.

title: Combined polychemotherapy in the treatment of primitive XXXX of the "non-oat cell" type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5028 ( @entity5028 ) cDNA was recently cloned from the @entity1 placenta, where it is expressed in syncytiotrophoblast and decidual mononuclear cells. @entity5028 and its subcloned bioactive domain (C48), expressed in @entity526 , are immunosuppressive proteins and induce pronounced @entity1618 production in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity5028 serum level, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was elevated in pregnant @entity19 throughout gestation and declined towards delivery. Blocking of @entity5028 activity by vaccination of @entity19 with C48 prior to mating inhibited pregnancy development. Passive transfer of anti-C48 immunoglobulin (Ig) starting at 3.5-12.5 days post coitum (dpc) resulted in high rate of embryo resorption. Furthermore, treatment with anti-C48 Ig resulted in placental and embryonal growth restriction. At gestation day 13.5, @entity851 was especially notable in the placentae, while at 16.5 dpc it was pronounced in the embryos. Histopathological examination revealed that experimental placentae were globally hypoplastic and the labyrinth was strikingly pale and contained less maternal blood compared with control. Immune-activated spleen cells harvested at 13.5 dpc from anti-C48 Ig-treated pregnant @entity19 secreted in vitro increased level of @entity630 cytokines ( @entity2047 , @entity637 , IL-12) and decreased level of @entity61 cytokines ( @entity1618 , @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity777 ) as compared with the level of the respective cytokines secreted by spleen cells from control pregnant @entity19 . CONCLUSION: This study provides the first in vivo evidence that @entity5028 plays a major role in placentation and embryonic growth.

title: Blocking of the placental immune-modulatory ferritin activates XXXX type cytokines and affects placenta development, fetal growth and the pregnancy outcome.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['Placenta immunomodulatory ferritin', 'PLIF']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term outcomes of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 (LAEC) who underwent esophagectomy and survived at least 5  years, and the predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) beyond 5  years. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of a prospective database to identify @entity1 with clinical stage T2N0M0 or higher LAEC. Medical records were reviewed to obtain demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics, as well as data on recurrence and survival. Multivariable analysis of predictors of DFS beyond 5  years was performed using a Cox regression model. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 2009, 355 of 500 @entity1 underwent esophagectomy for cT2N0M0 or higher disease. Of these 355 @entity1 , 126 were alive and disease-free at the 5-year follow-up, for an actuarial 5-year DFS of 33%. Recurrent @entity418 developed in 8 @entity1 after 5  years. Among the 126 surviving @entity1 , the actuarial overall survival was 94% at 7  years and 80% at 10  years. On multivariable analysis, the sole significant predictor of DFS after the 5-year time point was non-en bloc resection at the original operation (P  =  .006). Pulmonary-related @entity204 accounted for 10 out of 22 noncancer @entity204 . A second @entity5 developed in 23 of the 126 surviving @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged survival can be obtained in one-third of @entity1 with LAEC. An en bloc resection at the original operation is the most significant predictor of prolonged survival. Survivors experience a high rate of second @entity5 and an apparently high rate of @entity204 from @entity358 . Careful follow-up is necessary for these @entity1 , even after the 5-year mark.

title: Locally advanced XXXX : What becomes of 5-year survivors?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been confirmed to be an accurate method for determining left ventricular function. It is a relatively non-invasive technique without inducing @entity1540 . The response of left ventricular function to afterload stress was assessed using DSA for eight @entity1 with old anterior @entity583 and @entity439 including that of the anterior wall (averaging 30.3 months after the acute episodes). Their ages ranged from 36 to 65 years and one @entity1 was a @entity1 . Prior to the investigation, we confirmed that a single DSA procedure did not alter left ventricular function in a pilot study of one @entity1 (No. 8). After initial DSA in the basal state, @entity7202 was infused intravenously (1 to 2 mg/min). When aortic systolic blood pressure increased by 30 to 50 mmHg, a second DSA was performed for each @entity1 . Left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions were calculated by the area-length method, and regional wall motion was assessed by the visual method according to the AHA classification and the curvature radius of the @entity439 was calculated. @entity7202 induced neither @entity712 nor @entity951 in the present series. The heart rates decreased, and there were a significant increase in end-systolic volumes (p less than 0.05), end-systolic radii (p less than 0.05), and a significant decrease in ejection fractions (p less than 0.02) after @entity7202 infusion. In 32 of 40 segments, regional wall motion was unchanged by @entity7202 as assessed by the visual method; whereas, in the other eight, there was a deterioration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Functional reserve of the ischemic left ventricle with XXXX to afterload stress: digital subtraction angiographic assessments].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine', 'Methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['apical ventricular aneurysm', 'ventricular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies have found disparities in @entity458 between lesbian and gay @entity5 survivors and their heterosexual counterparts. Exercise and partner support are shown to reduce distress. However, exercise interventions haven't been delivered to lesbian and gay survivors with support by caregivers included. METHODS: In this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), ten lesbian and gay and twelve heterosexual survivors and their caregivers were randomized as dyads to: @entity487 , a survivor-only, 6-week, home-based, aerobic and resistance training program (EXCAP(    )); or @entity489 , a dyadic version of the same exercise program involving both the survivor and caregiver. Psychological distress, partner support, and exercise adherence, were measured at baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks later). We used t-tests to examine group differences between lesbian/gay and heterosexual survivors and between those randomized to survivor-only or @entity7047 . RESULTS: Twenty of the twenty-two recruited survivors were retained post-intervention. At baseline, lesbian and gay survivors reported significantly higher @entity308 (P   =   .03) and fewer average steps walked (P   =   .01) than heterosexual survivors. Post-intervention, these disparities were reduced and we detected no significant differences between lesbian/gay and heterosexual survivors. Participation in @entity7047 resulted in a significantly greater reduction in @entity308 than participation in survivor-only exercise for all survivors (P   =   .03). No statistically significant differences emerged when looking across arm (survivor-only vs. dyadic) by subgroup (lesbian/gay vs. heterosexual). CONCLUSION: Exercise may be efficacious in ameliorating disparities in @entity458 among lesbian and gay @entity5 survivors, and @entity7047 may be efficacious for survivors of diverse sexual orientations. Larger trials are needed to replicate these findings.

title: A Dyadic Exercise Intervention to Reduce Psychological Distress Among Lesbian, Gay, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity7047 :: ('MESH:D001250', 'Disease') :: ['dyadic exercise']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Heterosexual Cancer Survivors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Quantitative electrocardiographic (ECG) waveform analysis provides a noninvasive reflection of the metabolic milieu of the myocardium during resuscitation and is a potentially useful tool to optimize the defibrillation strategy. However, whether combining multiple ECG features can improve the capability of defibrillation outcome prediction in comparison to single feature analysis is still uncertain. METHODS: A total of 3828 defibrillations from 1617 @entity1 who experienced out-of-hospital @entity1167 were analyzed. A 2.048-s ECG trace prior to each defibrillation without chest compressions was used for the analysis. Sixteen predictive features were optimized through the training dataset that included 2447 shocks from 1050 @entity1 . Logistic regression, neural network and support vector machine were used to combine multiple features for the prediction of defibrillation outcome. Performance between single and combined predictive features were compared by area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), negative predictive value (NPV), and prediction accuracy (PA) on a validation dataset that consisted of 1381 shocks from 567 @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the single features, mean slope (MS) outperformed other methods with an AUC of 0.876. Combination of complementary features using neural network resulted in the highest AUC of 0.874 among the multifeature-based methods. Compared to MS, no statistical difference was observed in AUC, sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV and PA when multiple features were considered. CONCLUSIONS: In this large dataset, the amplitude-related features achieved better defibrillation outcome prediction capability than other features. Combinations of multiple electrical features did not further improve prediction performance.

title: Combining multiple ECG features does not improve prediction of defibrillation outcome compared to single features in a large population of out-of-hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrests']


abstract: Unstable pelvic ring injuries @entity2195 ("vertical shear") with a @entity174 are treated operatively in less than 50% of the cases (DGU pelvis study group). Furthermore, only 12% of these ORIF involve the sacrum bone itself. No specific technique has gained wide acceptance in treating transsacral instability. In accordance with earlier publications (K  ch, Josten) suggesting an internal fixator, we developed the dorsal sacrum fracture distantly anchored ORIF (DSDO). This procedure closes the dorsal pelvic ring by joining the two dorsal iliac crests (fixed-angle screws inserted in the posterior superior iliac spine) and additionally anchors in a lumbar pedicle. Thus, a three-dimensional reduction and stable fixation device with optional local nerve decompression and even plating possibility is achieved. Between January 1996 and July 2001, 35 unstable sacrum disruptions were treated with DSDO in 180 @entity1 operated for pelvic @entity130 . This allowed immediate mobilization in all cases. The radiologic follow-up examination ( n=20) revealed a solid union in all @entity1 . Complications focused on management of the soft tissue degloving injury (Morel-Lavalle   lesion), which needs special attention.

title: [Therapy of unstable sacrum fractures in XXXX with dorsal sacrum distraction osteosynthesis].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured sacrum']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic ring fractures']


abstract: @entity397 of the proximal hamstring muscles at the ischial tuberosity are rare injuries in sports. The trigger is usually an indirect @entity130 with overstretching of the ischiocrural muscles. In 8 @entity1 , the @entity397 tendons were anatomically refixed using a suture anchor system. 6 @entity1 were treated within 3 weeks after @entity130 , while 2 @entity1 were operated after delayed diagnosis of more than 2 months. The follow-up was on average 25.8 (5-52) months. After rehabilitation, five @entity1 returned to their preinjury sports level within 9-15 months on average. Indeed, 2 @entity1 (1 primary and 1 delayed operative management) also participated in sports activities in this period of time, but could not reach their preinjury sports level completely. 1 elite athlete was still in the rehabilitation program at 5 months of individual follow-up. @entity260 was 1 revision because of a suture anchor dislocation after improper use of the orthosis. In four @entity1 , incisional @entity158 and discomfort lasting up to 2 years were noticed. In case of early diagnosis, operative treatment especially in athletically ambitious @entity1 is the gold standard for complete @entity397 of the proximal hamstring tendons. The use of a suture anchor system represents an elegant and effective technique for the treatment of @entity397 of the proximal hamstring tendon complex.

title: [Refixation of complete tendon XXXX of proximal ischio-crural muscles].

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['A postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Complete ruptures', 'ruptures', 'ruptured']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Masquelet technique for the treatment of large bone defects consists of a 2-stage procedure. In the first stage, a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement spacer is inserted into the bony defect of a @entity35 's femur and over a period of 2-4 weeks a membrane forms that encapsulates the defect/spacer. In a second operation the membrane is opened, the PMMA spacer is removed and the resulting cavity is filled with autologous bone. Different kinds of bone cements are available, with or without supplemental antibiotics. Both might influence the development and the characteristics of the induced membrane which might affect the @entity79 response. Hence, this comparative study was performed to elucidate the effect of different bone cements with or without supplemental antibiotics on the development of an induced membrane in a critical size femur defect model in @entity35 . A total of 72 male SD @entity35 received a 10mm critical size defect of the femur which was stabilised by a plate osteosynthesis and filled with either Palacos+ @entity801 , @entity10521 @entity801 + @entity2176 , @entity10521 + @entity801 + @entity3402 or @entity10521 Spacem. The induced membranes were analysed after two, four and six weeks (wks) after insertion of the cement spacers (n=6/group). Paraffin embedded histological sections of the membrane were microscopically analysed for membrane thickness, elastic fibres, vascularisation and proliferation by an independent observer blinded to the group setup. The thickness of the induced membrane increased significantly from 2 wks (553 m) to 6 wks (774 m) in group Palacos+ @entity801 whereas membrane thickness decreased significantly in groups @entity10521 + @entity801 + @entity3402 (682-329 m) and @entity10521 Spacem (916 m to 371 m). The comparison between the groups revealed significantly increased membrane thickness in group Palacos+ @entity801 and @entity10521 @entity801 + @entity2176 in comparison to group @entity10521 + @entity801 + @entity3402 six weeks after induction. However, the fraction of elastic fibres was significantly increased in groups @entity10521 + @entity801 + @entity3402 (71%, 80%) and @entity10521 Spacem (82%, 81%) after 2 and 4 weeks in comparison to the groups Palacos+ @entity801 (56%, 57%) and @entity10521 @entity801 + @entity2176 (63%, 69%). Those differences however were partly diminished after 6 wks. The ratio of immature (vWF+) to more mature (CD31+) blood vessels increased significantly in groups Palacos+ @entity801 and @entity10521 @entity801 + @entity2176 whereas no significant alterations were noted in groups @entity10521 + @entity801 + @entity3402 and @entity10521 Spacem. For the first time we demonstrated that thickness and proportion of elastic fibres in induced membranes were influenced by the type of cement and the kind of supplemental antibiotics being used. Whether these alterations of the induced membrane have an effect on @entity79 remains to be proven in future studies.

title: Alteration of Masquelet's induced membrane characteristics by different kinds of antibiotic enriched bone cement in a critical size defect model in the XXXX 's femur.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['Clindamycin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A randomized clinical study of irradiation and irradiation combined with ACNU in the treatment of @entity11 was performed in order to determine if there was an enhancing therapeutic effect of ACNU given in addition to radiotherapy. An effect was defined as a reduction in @entity5 size, changes in neurological signs and performance status within 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy, or statistically improved survival times. Seventy-seven @entity1 from 14 neurosurgical clinics were included in this validated study group. Radiotherapy with a total dose of 5000 to 6000 rads, given in 25 to 30 subdoses, was applied to the whole brain and to a generous field surrounding the @entity5 . @entity1 who were assigned to receive chemotherapy were given ACNU intravenously once or twice during radiotherapy at a dose of 100 mg/sq m of body surface area. The response rate (more than 50% reduction of the @entity5 size) was 13.5% in the group treated by radiotherapy alone and 47.5% in the group with radiotherapy and ACNU. The hematological @entity137 was more severe in the group treated with radiotherapy and ACNU. Other @entity137 was mild and acceptable. The survival rates of @entity1 with @entity816 grade III and @entity463 multiforme at 36 months after the surgery were 48.9% and 0% for radiotherapy alone and 59.0% and 16.3% for radiotherapy plus ACNU, respectively. The differences between the survival curves were not significant at the p = 0.05 level. This study has demonstrated that, although the use of @entity4175 during radiotherapy suppressed @entity11 more than radiotherapy alone, the survival time was not extended significantly. It is necessary to continue to search for an effective chemotherapeutic regimen to prolong survival of @entity1 with @entity11 .

title: Effects of ACNU and radiotherapy on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence indicates that @entity1468 is associated with the presence of autoantibodies capable of activating the angiotensin II receptor, @entity7743 . We sought to evaluate the role of @entity7743 agonistic autoantibodies ( @entity7743 -AA) in two major features of @entity1468 -increased @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) production and shallow trophoblast invasion. METHODS: This study included 38 pregnant @entity1 , 20 of whom had severe @entity1468 and 18 normotensive individuals. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G was purified from these individuals, and the presence of @entity7743 -AA was determined based on its ability to stimulate an increase in the contraction rate of cultured @entity35 neonatal cardiac myocytes. Immortalized @entity1 trophoblasts were chosen to study @entity2289 production and secretion after treatment with IgG from normotensive and preeclamptic @entity1 . An in vitro Matrigel invasion assay was used to test the effect of @entity7743 -AA on the invasive properties of @entity1 trophoblasts. @entity9886 and @entity205 were used to determine whether the @entity7743 -AA-induced stimulation of @entity2289 secretion is through the @entity7743 receptor and the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated t-cells (NFAT)-dependent pathway. RESULTS: The results show that IgG from 18 of 20 severely preeclamptic @entity1 stimulated increased cardiomyocyte contraction rates of 20-40 beats per minute. A significant stimulation of @entity2289 secretion from @entity1 trophoblasts was observed with IgG from the same 18 of 20 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 . Of IgG obtained from 18 normotensive pregnant @entity1 , only two showed a relatively low level of biologic activity in the cardiomyocyte contraction and @entity2289 secretion assays. Activation of @entity7743 receptors by @entity7743 -AA was blocked by @entity9886 (an @entity7743 receptor antagonist) and by a seven @entity535 peptide corresponding to a sequence present on the second extracellular loop of the @entity7743 receptor. Activation of @entity7743 receptors by @entity7743 -AA resulted in decreased trophoblast invasiveness as determined by the in vitro Matrigel invasion assay. Additional data indicate that @entity7743 receptor activation by @entity7743 -AA is followed by the downstream activation of the @entity460 -dependent calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway leading to increased @entity2289 gene expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that maternal autoantibody with the ability to activate @entity7743 receptors may account for two features of @entity1468 , increased @entity2289 production and shallow trophoblast invasion.

title: Maternal autoantibodies from preeclamptic XXXX activate angiotensin receptors on @entity1 trophoblast cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence indicates that @entity1468 is associated with the presence of autoantibodies capable of activating the angiotensin II receptor, @entity7743 . We sought to evaluate the role of @entity7743 agonistic autoantibodies ( @entity7743 -AA) in two major features of @entity1468 -increased @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) production and shallow trophoblast invasion. METHODS: This study included 38 pregnant @entity1 , 20 of whom had severe @entity1468 and 18 normotensive individuals. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G was purified from these individuals, and the presence of @entity7743 -AA was determined based on its ability to stimulate an increase in the contraction rate of cultured @entity35 neonatal cardiac myocytes. Immortalized @entity1 trophoblasts were chosen to study @entity2289 production and secretion after treatment with IgG from normotensive and preeclamptic @entity1 . An in vitro Matrigel invasion assay was used to test the effect of @entity7743 -AA on the invasive properties of @entity1 trophoblasts. @entity9886 and @entity205 were used to determine whether the @entity7743 -AA-induced stimulation of @entity2289 secretion is through the @entity7743 receptor and the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated t-cells (NFAT)-dependent pathway. RESULTS: The results show that IgG from 18 of 20 severely preeclamptic @entity1 stimulated increased cardiomyocyte contraction rates of 20-40 beats per minute. A significant stimulation of @entity2289 secretion from @entity1 trophoblasts was observed with IgG from the same 18 of 20 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 . Of IgG obtained from 18 normotensive pregnant @entity1 , only two showed a relatively low level of biologic activity in the cardiomyocyte contraction and @entity2289 secretion assays. Activation of @entity7743 receptors by @entity7743 -AA was blocked by @entity9886 (an @entity7743 receptor antagonist) and by a seven @entity535 peptide corresponding to a sequence present on the second extracellular loop of the @entity7743 receptor. Activation of @entity7743 receptors by @entity7743 -AA resulted in decreased trophoblast invasiveness as determined by the in vitro Matrigel invasion assay. Additional data indicate that @entity7743 receptor activation by @entity7743 -AA is followed by the downstream activation of the @entity460 -dependent calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway leading to increased @entity2289 gene expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that maternal autoantibody with the ability to activate @entity7743 receptors may account for two features of @entity1468 , increased @entity2289 production and shallow trophoblast invasion.

title: Maternal autoantibodies from preeclamptic @entity1 activate angiotensin receptors on XXXX trophoblast cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Acute @entity1778 was found to be less common in black @entity1 than in white @entity1 in the Johannesburg area of South Africa. Of 195 consecutive @entity1 , 78 were black and 117 white. The annual incidence was 0.8/100,000 black @entity1 and 3.3/100,000 white. The low incidence in black @entity1 was due to the very low incidence of @entity981 ( @entity981 ), which was 0.41/100,000 black @entity1 compared with 2.73/100,000 white @entity1 . The incidence of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) was approximately the same for both ethnic groups; 0.38/100,000 black @entity1 and 0.57/100,000 white @entity1 . Remission rates for black @entity1 with @entity981 were lower than for white @entity1 and the cumulative proportion of black @entity1 surviving at 60 months was only 32% compared with 72% of white @entity1 (p = 0.0001). The most significant poor prognostic factors in @entity981 were ethnic group and age (p = 0.0006), @entity149 at onset (p = 0.006), @entity1334 L2 and L3 morphology (p = 0.05), and irregular clinic attendance during maintenance therapy (p = 0.05). In @entity3052 , remission and survival rates were less favorable than in @entity981 but there were no significant differences between black and white @entity1 . Black @entity1 exhibited certain clinical features rarely seen in white @entity1 , including chloromata, oropharyngeal lesions, and CNS involvement at onset. @entity3203 were common. The most significant poor prognostic factors in @entity3052 were @entity149 at onset (p = 0.03), generalized @entity3329 (p = 0.0001), and @entity1334 morphology classification M3-M6 (p = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute XXXX in Johannesburg. Ethnic differences in incidence, cell type, and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['ANLL', 'acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3203 :: ('MESH:D059786', 'Disease') :: ['Karyotypic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Comorbid major @entity308 is associated with reduced quality of life and greater use of healthcare resources. A recent randomised trial (SMaRT, Symptom Management Research Trials, Oncology-2) found that a collaborative care treatment programme ( @entity308 Care for @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity33679 ) was highly effective in treating @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity5 . This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of @entity33679 compared with usual care from a health service perspective. METHODS: Costs were estimated using UK national unit cost estimates and health outcomes measured using quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Incremental cost-effectiveness of @entity33679 compared with usual care was calculated and scenario analyses performed to test alternative assumptions on costs and missing data. Uncertainty was characterised using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. The probability of @entity33679 being cost-effective was determined using the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) cost-effectiveness threshold range of   20,000 to   30,000 per QALY gained. RESULTS: @entity33679 cost on average   631 more than usual care per @entity1 , and resulted in a mean gain of 0.066 QALYs, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of   9549 per QALY. The probability of @entity33679 being cost-effective was 0.9 or greater at cost-effectiveness thresholds above   20,000 per QALY for the base case and scenario analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with usual care, @entity33679 is likely to be cost-effective at the current thresholds used by NICE. This study adds to the weight of evidence that collaborative care treatment models are cost-effective for @entity308 , and provides new evidence regarding their use in specialist medical settings.

title: Cost-effectiveness of integrated collaborative care for comorbid major XXXX in @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']