abstract: PURPOSE: To assess and compare the costs of first-line monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment protocols in @entity0 , @entity1893 and @entity14 in South-Eastern Europe. METHODS: A retrospective, bottom-up case series study design was implemented with one-year time horizon and payer's perspective. The study sample size was 265 @entity1 ( @entity0 , N=137; @entity14 , N=44; and @entity1893 , N=84), while treatment protocols included adjuvant mAbs: trastuzumab (N=137), bevacizumab (N=28), rituximab (N=16) and cetuximab (N=84). ICD-10 related resources use included history of medical services utilization, chronology (time out of service provision) and unit consumption of examinations, drugs prescribed, imaging, radiotherapy and surgical procedures provided etc., direct medical and lost productivity costs (   ) across treatment groups during 2010-2013. RESULTS: The average length of observation was 125+97 days per @entity1 . Total mean direct and indirect costs of care were: trastuzumab for @entity0 group     17,740 per @entity1 ; bevacizumab for @entity14 group    8,775 per @entity1 ; cetuximab for @entity14 group     27,181 per @entity1 ; and rituximab for @entity1893 group    19,431 per @entity1 . An average mAbs-treated @entity1 incurred    17,897 costs of medical care. The total combined budget of these 330 @entity1 was    4,742,775. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mAbs strongly correlated with high costs in @entity5 medical care and dominated other cost domains. Cetuximab-based treatment protocols in @entity14 @entity1 was substantially more expensive compared to trastuzumab (C50), bevacizumab (C20), and rituximab (C80) alternatives. Extremely high costs of mAbs are the key-issue for Eastern European policy makers by crossing the upper limits of affordability in middle-income economies.

title: Costs differences among monoclonal antibodies-based first-line oncology XXXX protocols for @entity0 , @entity14 and @entity1893 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess and compare the costs of first-line monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment protocols in @entity0 , @entity1893 and @entity14 in South-Eastern Europe. METHODS: A retrospective, bottom-up case series study design was implemented with one-year time horizon and payer's perspective. The study sample size was 265 @entity1 ( @entity0 , N=137; @entity14 , N=44; and @entity1893 , N=84), while treatment protocols included adjuvant mAbs: trastuzumab (N=137), bevacizumab (N=28), rituximab (N=16) and cetuximab (N=84). ICD-10 related resources use included history of medical services utilization, chronology (time out of service provision) and unit consumption of examinations, drugs prescribed, imaging, radiotherapy and surgical procedures provided etc., direct medical and lost productivity costs (   ) across treatment groups during 2010-2013. RESULTS: The average length of observation was 125+97 days per @entity1 . Total mean direct and indirect costs of care were: trastuzumab for @entity0 group     17,740 per @entity1 ; bevacizumab for @entity14 group    8,775 per @entity1 ; cetuximab for @entity14 group     27,181 per @entity1 ; and rituximab for @entity1893 group    19,431 per @entity1 . An average mAbs-treated @entity1 incurred    17,897 costs of medical care. The total combined budget of these 330 @entity1 was    4,742,775. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mAbs strongly correlated with high costs in @entity5 medical care and dominated other cost domains. Cetuximab-based treatment protocols in @entity14 @entity1 was substantially more expensive compared to trastuzumab (C50), bevacizumab (C20), and rituximab (C80) alternatives. Extremely high costs of mAbs are the key-issue for Eastern European policy makers by crossing the upper limits of affordability in middle-income economies.

title: Costs differences among monoclonal antibodies-based first-line oncology @entity5 protocols for @entity0 , @entity14 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['first-line cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), proposed as an indicator of @entity5 , has known prognostic value in @entity263 . We examine its association with survival ( @entity3012 ) and response in @entity1 treated with second-line chemotherapy. METHODS: We analyzed @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC) treated in the TROPIC trial, evaluating @entity15513 versus @entity2664 . Cox-regression models were used to investigate the association of baseline NLR (BLNLR) with @entity3012 and the significance of a change in NLR count with treatment. @entity2357 models were used to determine the association of baseline NLR counts with PSA and RECIST responses. The optimal NLR cut-off was established based on the concordance index of different values. RESULTS: Data from 755, 654 and 405 @entity1 was available for @entity3012 , PSA and RECIST response analysis respectively. Median @entity3012 was 14.0 months (95%CI 13.2-14.8). Median NLR was 2.9 (IQR:1.9-5.1). BLNLR was associated with survival (HR 1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.1, p=0.011) in multivariable analysis (MVA) independently of variables included in the Halabi nomogram, treatment arm and corticosteroid use. The optimal cut-off for a dichotomous NLR was selected at 3.0 based on its higher c-index related to survival. BLNLR >= 3.0 was associated with lower PSA response (40.1% vs 59.9%; p<0.001) and RECIST response (7.7% vs 15.6%, p=0.022) in MVA. Conversion from high (>= 3) to low (< 3) NLR was associated with improved survival (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51 - 0.85; p=0.001) and higher PSA response rates (66.4% vs 33.6%; p=0.000). Use of @entity288 at baseline did not modify the association between NLR and survival. CONCLUSIONS: NLR is a valid prognostic biomarker in CRPC and is associated with survival, PSA and RECIST responses in @entity1 treated with second-line chemotherapy. Changes in NLR counts with treatment may indicate benefit. NLR prognostic value is independent of prior use of @entity288 .

title: Baseline Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is Associated with Survival and Response to Treatment with Second-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced XXXX Independent of Baseline Steroid Use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity15513 :: ('MESH:C552428', 'Chemical') :: ['cabazitaxel']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: The bacterial cell surface is the first structure the host immune system targets to prevent @entity281 . Cationic antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system bind to the membrane of Gram-negative pathogens via conserved, surface-exposed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. We recently reported that modern strains of the global intestinal pathogen @entity1838 modify the anionic @entity3275 domain of LPS with a novel moiety, @entity1522 . Remarkably, @entity2228 or @entity28656 addition to @entity3275 alters the surface charge of the bacteria to help evade the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymyxin. However, the regulatory mechanisms of @entity3275 modification in @entity1838 are unknown. Here, we identify a novel two-component system that regulates @entity3275 glycine modification by responding to important biological cues associated with pathogenesis, including bile, mildly acidic pH, and cationic antimicrobial peptides. The @entity3793 kinase Vc1319 (VprB) and the response regulator Vc1320 (VprA) respond to these signals and are required for the expression of the almEFG operon that encodes the genes essential for @entity2228 modification of @entity3275 . Importantly, both the newly identified two-component system and the @entity3275 modification machinery are required for colonization of the @entity1 host. This study demonstrates how @entity1838 uses a previously unknown regulatory network, independent of well-studied @entity1838 virulence factors and regulators, to respond to the host environment and cause @entity281 . IMPORTANCE: @entity1838 , the etiological agent of @entity66 , infects millions of @entity1 every year. @entity1838 El Tor and classical biotypes have been responsible for all @entity3081 pandemics. The El Tor biotype responsible for the current seventh pandemic has displaced the classical biotype worldwide and is highly resistant to cationic antimicrobial peptides, like polymyxin B. This resistance arises from the attachment of one or two @entity2228 residues to the @entity3275 domain of lipopolysaccharide, a major surface component of Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we identify the VprAB two-component system that regulates the charge of the bacterial surface by directly controlling the expression of genes required for @entity2228 addition to @entity3275 . The VprAB-dependent @entity3275 modification confers polymyxin B resistance and contributes significantly to pathogenesis. This finding is relevant for understanding how @entity1838 has evolved mechanisms to facilitate the evasion of the host immune system and increase bacterial fitness.

title: The XXXX VprA-VprB Two-Component System Controls Virulence through Endotoxin Modification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cholera disease']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae', 'V.  cholerae']

entities_list: @entity28656 :: ('MESH:D006033', 'Chemical') :: ['diglycine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: PURPOSE: It is widely thought that @entity32 and osteoclastogenesis result in @entity692 (HA) resorption and sequestrum formation during @entity281 , and microbial biofilm pathogens induce the inflammatory destruction of HA. We hypothesized that biofilms associated with @entity65180 can directly resorb HA in the absence of host @entity32 or osteoclastogenesis. Therefore we developed an in  vitro model to test this hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Customized HA discs were manufactured as a substrate for growing clinically relevant biofilm pathogens. Single-species biofilms of @entity6586 , @entity794 , @entity796 , and @entity5132 and mixed-species biofilms of @entity5132 plus @entity6586 were incubated on HA discs for 72 hours to grow mature biofilms. Three different non-biofilm control groups also were established for testing. HA discs were then evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography metrotomography, x-ray spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy with planimetric analysis. In addition, quantitative cultures and pH assessment were performed. Analysis of variance was used to test for significance between treatment and control groups. RESULTS: All investigated biofilms were able to cause significant (P < .05) and morphologically characteristic alterations in HA structure as compared with controls. The highest number of alterations observed was caused by mixed biofilms of @entity5132 plus @entity6586 . @entity6586 biofilm incubated in medium with additional @entity969 content was the most detrimental to HA surfaces among single-species biofilms. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that direct microbial resorption of bone is possible in addition to  immune-mediated destruction, which has important translational implications for the pathogenesis of chronic @entity79 and for targeted antimicrobial therapeutics.

title: Microbial Biofilms Are Able to Destroy XXXX in the Absence of Host Immunity In  Vitro.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['S mutans', 'Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['osseous infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C albicans', 'Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infections']

entities_list: @entity65180 :: ('MESH:D001850', 'Disease') :: ['infectious bone disease']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: A pilot study of 300 smelter workers from the cohort reported by Lee and Fraumeni [1969] has been studied: 150 @entity1 from their heavy exposure group and 150 @entity1 from the rest of the cohort randomly selected. Usable smoking habits were obtained from 86% of the sample. Estimates of the total lifetime work exposure were made from available measurements. A very high risk of @entity2 (SMR 1429) was observed among the most heavily exposed workers. Excess risks, though still present, were much less in those with lower exposures. There was a lower proportion of nonsmokers among the heavily exposed @entity3494 workers than among the other workers. This suggests that there may be some interaction between smoking and @entity3494 exposure. Moreover, comparison of smoking habits reported by smelter workers suggested that, as a group, they smoked more heavily than average for the United States population. A small study of proxy smoking histories suggested that these were valid and unbiased. The work continues on an enlarged sample.

title: Influence of @entity3494 exposure and smoking on XXXX among smelter workers: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: A pilot study of 300 smelter workers from the cohort reported by Lee and Fraumeni [1969] has been studied: 150 @entity1 from their heavy exposure group and 150 @entity1 from the rest of the cohort randomly selected. Usable smoking habits were obtained from 86% of the sample. Estimates of the total lifetime work exposure were made from available measurements. A very high risk of @entity2 (SMR 1429) was observed among the most heavily exposed workers. Excess risks, though still present, were much less in those with lower exposures. There was a lower proportion of nonsmokers among the heavily exposed @entity3494 workers than among the other workers. This suggests that there may be some interaction between smoking and @entity3494 exposure. Moreover, comparison of smoking habits reported by smelter workers suggested that, as a group, they smoked more heavily than average for the United States population. A small study of proxy smoking histories suggested that these were valid and unbiased. The work continues on an enlarged sample.

title: Influence of XXXX exposure and smoking on @entity2 among smelter workers: a pilot study.

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: @entity4854 has long been observed amongst @entity3124 @entity1 and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Tight glycemic control (TGC) is the clinical practice of controlling blood @entity413 (BG) down to the "normal" 4.4-6.1 mmol/L range of a healthy adult, aiming to avoid any potential deleterious effects of @entity4854 . The ground-breaking Leuven trials reported a mortality benefit of approximately 10% when using this technique, which led many to endorse its benefits. In stark contrast, the multi-center normoglycemia in intensive care evaluation-survival using @entity413 algorithm regulation (NICE-SUGAR) trial, not only failed to replicate this outcome, but showed TGC appeared to be harmful. This review attempts to re-analyze the current literature and suggests that hope for a benefit from TGC should not be so hastily abandoned. Inconsistencies in study design make a like-for-like comparison of the Leuven and NICE-SUGAR trials challenging. Inadequate measures preventing hypoglycemic events are likely to have contributed to the increased mortality observed in the NICE-SUGAR treatment group. New technologies, including predictive models, are being developed to improve the safety of TGC, primarily by minimizing @entity4053 . Intensive Care Units which are unequipped in trained staff and monitoring capacity would be unwise to attempt TGC, especially considering its yet undefined benefit and the deleterious nature of @entity4053 . International recommendations now advise clinicians to ensure @entity3124 @entity1 maintain a BG of <10 mmol/L. Despite encouraging evidence, currently we can only speculate and remain optimistic that the benefit of TGC in clinical practice is sweeter than assumed.

title: The benefits of tight glycemic control in XXXX : Sweeter than assumed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: At the Obstetrical and Gynecologic Clinic of the University of @entity21880 , Italy, a questionnaire was prepared to be completed by @entity1 seeking abortion. The purpose was to gather some knowledge of the psychosocial factors and attitudes leading to @entity5852 . The questionnaire, which is included in the document, contains questions about medical history, sexual life, motivation for abortion, psychological reaction, and contraceptive knowledge and usage. Of 595 abortions performed between March and September 1979 only 151 (25.37%) questionnaires were completed. 47.01% of @entity1 were between 25-35, 84.10% were married, 70% came from the city of @entity21880 or the neighboring suburbs, 52.31% of @entity1 had elementary school education, 45.01% had 1-2 @entity1 and 27.14% 2-4 @entity1 , 68.62% of @entity1 requesting abortion were in the age group 18-25 with 1-2 @entity1 , and 68.21% were housewives. Motivation for interruption of pregnancy was high parity (19.20%), too close pregnancies (17.21%), and psychological reasons (9.27%). While most @entity1 knew about modern contraceptive methods, only 47.01% used hormonal contraception, 78.14% relied on coitus interruptus, 37.08% on the condom, and 34.43% on periodic abstinence. Last conception was due to contraceptive failure in 53.98% of cases. In 1979 there were a total of 960 legal abortions; only 97 @entity1 requested contraception after the abortion, and 13 came back for a repeat intervention. These data clearly demonstrate the lack of correct information on contraception on the part of most @entity1 .

title: [Socio-psychological aspects of @entity5852 at the Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinic of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary abortion']

answer: @entity21880 :: (MESH:C538182,Disease) :: ['Catania']


abstract: At the Obstetrical and Gynecologic Clinic of the University of @entity21880 , Italy, a questionnaire was prepared to be completed by @entity1 seeking abortion. The purpose was to gather some knowledge of the psychosocial factors and attitudes leading to @entity5852 . The questionnaire, which is included in the document, contains questions about medical history, sexual life, motivation for abortion, psychological reaction, and contraceptive knowledge and usage. Of 595 abortions performed between March and September 1979 only 151 (25.37%) questionnaires were completed. 47.01% of @entity1 were between 25-35, 84.10% were married, 70% came from the city of @entity21880 or the neighboring suburbs, 52.31% of @entity1 had elementary school education, 45.01% had 1-2 @entity1 and 27.14% 2-4 @entity1 , 68.62% of @entity1 requesting abortion were in the age group 18-25 with 1-2 @entity1 , and 68.21% were housewives. Motivation for interruption of pregnancy was high parity (19.20%), too close pregnancies (17.21%), and psychological reasons (9.27%). While most @entity1 knew about modern contraceptive methods, only 47.01% used hormonal contraception, 78.14% relied on coitus interruptus, 37.08% on the condom, and 34.43% on periodic abstinence. Last conception was due to contraceptive failure in 53.98% of cases. In 1979 there were a total of 960 legal abortions; only 97 @entity1 requested contraception after the abortion, and 13 came back for a repeat intervention. These data clearly demonstrate the lack of correct information on contraception on the part of most @entity1 .

title: [Socio-psychological aspects of XXXX at the Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinic of @entity21880 ].

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['voluntary abortion']


abstract: AIMS: Aortic valve surgery in the presence of reduced ejection fraction (EF) or low transaortic gradient is associated with adverse outcome. Low gradient (LG) may be associated with reduced EF, known as low EF-low gradient (LEF-LG), or "paradoxically" low with normal EF ( @entity1351 ). Our aim was to investigate the impact of EF and transaortic gradient on outcome following transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively analysed the UK TAVI Registry from 2007 to 2011 (n=2,535 consecutive @entity1 , mean age 81.3  7.5, logistic EuroSCORE 21.8  14). Thirty-day mortality was 7.8%, low EF (<50%) was present in 39%, low gradient (<64 mmHg) was present in 27%, LEF-LG in 15% and @entity1351 in 12% of @entity1 , respectively. LEF-LG @entity1 had the highest risk profile vs. the other groups (EuroSCORE 30  16 vs. 20  12, p<0.001). Neither EF nor gradient impacted on procedural outcome or 30-day mortality. Mortality at two years was significantly higher in LEF-LG @entity1 (34.7%), whereas, in @entity1 with low EF/high gradient (27.8%) or normal EF/low gradient (23%), mortality was not significantly different from that of normal EF/high gradient (23%) @entity1 . LEF-LG independently predicted reduced survival, HR 1.7 (1.4-2.1). CONCLUSIONS: Neither low EF nor low gradient affected procedural success or 30-day mortality. Long-term survival was reduced in LEF-LG @entity1 but not in those with low EF and high gradient or @entity1351 with normal EF.

title: Impact of left ventricular function and transaortic gradient on outcomes from transcatheter XXXX : data from the UK TAVI Registry.

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: To evaluate at autopsy the radiographic pattern of @entity2415 alone and with @entity4 , @entity548 or @entity55 in excised air-inflated lungs the distribution of these findings in 89 lungs was determined histologically on 441 sections sampled systematically. Pathologic-radiologic correlations were studied on the basis of 58 sections from 30 lung selected to represent most clearly the features in question. In mild @entity2542 ( @entity2542 ) the number and calibre of small blood vessels was often reduced. Small translucencies could appear. In moderate @entity2542 vascular changes were always visible and unevenly distributed translucencies in most cases. Some lungs looked slightly rounded. In severe @entity2542 the number of blood vessels was greatly reduced, they were displayed between extensive tissue defects, and the lung looked always rounded. Only mild @entity2542 occurred in the material. This was difficult to distinguish radiologically but could show up as a coarse reticular background with a reduced number of blood vessels, and the lung could look rounded. Paracicatricial @entity2415 appeared as translucent areas around scars. Simultaneous alveolar processes often obscured the blood vessel changes of @entity2542 and could accentuate or hide the tissue defect translucencies. The same alveolar processes were more unevenly distributed in emphysematous than in non-emphysematous lungs.

title: Pattern recognition in radiographs of excised air-inflated human lungs. IV XXXX alone and with other common lesions.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar oedema']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['centrilobular emphysema', 'panlobular emphysema', 'CLE']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['Emphysema']


abstract: In the early 1990s, 20 haemophiliacs (HPs) were infected with a common source of @entity2858 viruses through the contaminated clotting factor IX. The aim of this study is to review 20 HPs infected with a common source of virus. The enrolled @entity1 have been consecutively treated with Korean red @entity9052 (KRG), @entity9611 (ZDV) or two-drug therapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We determined full-length pol gene over 20  years and human @entity4107 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and reviewed medical records. Eighteen HPs experienced various @entity1292 or clinical manifestations. There were significant inverse correlations between the HLA prognostic score and the annual decrease in @entity404 + T-cell counts prior to HAART ( @entity195 ) (P  <  0.05) and the amount of KRG and the @entity195 (P  <  0.01). From 1998, the HPs had been treated with HAART. Each of the two @entity1 died without and with HAART regimen respectively. At present, 16 HPs have been alive with HAART. Among the 16 HPs, 12 and 4 are on HAART-plus-KRG and HAART only respectively. Eleven HPs including 2 HPs with G-to-A hypermutations had revealed resistance mutations. Ten and two HPs have shown poor adherence and incomplete viral suppres-sion on HAART respectively. Virological failure based on WHO guidelines was not observed on KRG-plus-HAART. Two HPs revealed additional resistance mutations against two classes on KRG-plus-HAART. As a nationwide study, we first report overall features on clinical course of Korean haemophiliacs. Further education on the importance of drug adherence is needed.

title: Long-term follow up of XXXX -infected Korean haemophiliacs, after infection from a common source of virus.

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Latanoprost (LT), a @entity3774 (PGF2a ) analogue used in the treatment of @entity726 , was found to induce @entity2118 in @entity840 in addition to its known periocular and iridal pigmentation side effects. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical LT in the induction of skin repigmentation in @entity1 with @entity1694 and to compare its potency with narrow band ultraviolet (UV) B (NB-UVB). The result of their combination was also assessed. This study involved 22 @entity1 with bilateral and symmetrical @entity75 , stable for the last three months, divided into three groups: group I, to evaluate LT vs. placebo; group II, to evaluate LT vs. NB-UVB; and group III, to evaluate the effect of their combination. The response to treatment was evaluated by taking photographic records of the treated lesions with follow-up photography every two weeks. After three months, assessment of the degree and extent of repigmentation was performed. Follow-up assessment was done six months after termination of the trial for the persistence of pigmentation, recurrence, or development of any side effects. LT was found to be better than placebo and comparable with the NB-UVB in inducing skin repigmentation. This effect was enhanced by the addition of NB-UVB. LT could be a promising treatment for @entity1694 , especially the periocular variant. Its effect on skin repigmentation could be enhanced by NB-UVB exposure.

title: The effect of latanoprost on XXXX : a preliminary comparative study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo lesions']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F 2alpha']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: Ten highly anxious @entity1 , between the ages of sixty-nine and eighty-four, participated in a five month study designed to test the hypothesis that progressive @entity121 would reduce psychosocial stress in a group of high risk senior citizens. The @entity1 , who had lost their husbands within the last five years, responded to an offer extended to nervous senior citizens to participate in a relaxation study. Five @entity1 were assigned to the treatment group and five to a control group. The treatment group received two weeks of baseline evaluation, ten weeks of one hour in vivo relaxation training, and ten weeks of home practice using taped instructions. The control group had an identical schedule except instead of progressive relaxation training they received a pseudorelaxation procedure and had no home practice. All @entity1 were evaluated prior to training, at the end of training, and ten weeks after training. @entity1 were also measured on the following factors: 1) state and trait @entity148 , 2) self-report muscle tension, 3) hours to fall asleep, 4) number of nocturnal awakenings, and 5) headaches. Results indicate significant differences on all five measures between the experimental and control group. With the exception of trait @entity148 , the experimental group manifested significant improvements on the remaining five measures from baseline to end of training. For state @entity148 , a significant improvement continued during the ten weeks of home practice following the end of training.

title: An evaluation of progressive XXXX on stress related symptoms in a geriatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle relaxation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Artificial salivary gland replacement would be an ideal treatment for @entity2133 . In vivo, salivary gland cells are surrounded by a complex stromal environment in which fibroblasts are the main cell type in proximity to the gland cells. However, very little is known about the relationship between these fibroblasts and the gland cells. METHODS: Parotid gland acinar cells (PGACs) and fibroblasts from the same @entity1 gland were cocultured. PGAC function-related protein expression was investigated. RESULTS: The expression of a-amylase in PGACs was increased in a fibroblast ratio-dependent manner. Both fibroblast-conditioned medium and direct coculture also significantly enhanced the PGAC expression of a-amylase. @entity540 ( @entity540 ) seems to be a regulator of a-amylase expression in PGACs. CONCLUSION: An appropriate number of fibroblasts in contact with the PGACs is necessary to promote PGAC function. Fibroblast-secreted @entity540 may play a paracrine signaling role in the regulation of a-amylase expression in PGACs.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E279-E286, 2016.

title: Effects of fibroblasts on the function of acinar cells from the same XXXX parotid gland.

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'Basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2493 (MT) is secreted by the pineal gland and exhibits a striking circadian rhythm in its release. Depending on the species studied, some pituitary hormones also display marked circadian/seasonal patterns and rhythms of secretion. However, the precise relationship between MT and pituitary function remains controversial, and studies focusing on the direct role of MT in normal pituitary cells are limited to nonprimate species. Here, adult normal primate ( @entity6599 ) primary pituitary cell cultures were used to determine the direct impact of MT on the functioning of all pituitary cell types from the pars distalis. MT increased GH and prolactin (PRL) expression/release in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, a response that was blocked by @entity1943 . However, MT did not significantly affect ACTH, FSH, LH, or TSH expression/release. MT did not alter @entity7704 - or ghrelin-induced GH and/or PRL secretions, suggesting that MT may activate similar signaling pathways as ghrelin/ @entity7704 . The effects of MT on GH/PRL release, which are likely mediated through @entity4911 receptor, involve both common (adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A/extracellular @entity460 -channels) and distinct (phospholipase C/intracellular @entity460 -channels) signaling pathways. Actions of MT on pituitary cells also included regulation of the expression of other key components for the control of somatotrope/lactotrope function ( @entity7704 , ghrelin, and @entity1943 receptors). These results show, for the first time in a primate model, that MT directly regulates somatotrope/lactotrope function, thereby lending support to the notion that the actions of MT on these cells might substantially contribute to the define daily patterns of GH and PRL observed in primates and perhaps in @entity1 .

title: XXXX regulates somatotrope and lactotrope function through common and distinct signaling pathways in cultured primary pituitary cells from female primates.

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Breath gas analysis is a novel powerful technique for noninvasive, early-stage diagnosis of @entity209 . Molecular hydrogen and methane are biomarkers for @entity694 , because of malabsorption of oligosaccharides (e.g., lactose or fructose) and for small intestinal bacterial @entity8032 . Recently, the presence of these gases in exhaled breath was also correlated with @entity28 . Here, we report on the highly selective and sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen and methane within a complex gas mixture (consisting of H2, CH4, N2, O2, and @entity3627 ) by means of @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ). An elaborate @entity14782 setup with a microstructured hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) provided a highly improved analytical sensitivity. The simultaneous monitoring of H2 with all other gases was achieved by a combination of rotational (H2) and vibrational (other gases) Raman spectroscopy within the limited spectral transmission range of the HCPCF. The HCPCF was combined with an adjustable image-plane aperture pinhole, in order to separate the H2 rotational Raman bands from the silica background signal and improve the sensitivity down to a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.7 ppm (for only 26 fmol H2). The ability to monitor the levels of H2 and CH4 in a positive @entity1353 ( @entity1353 ) was demonstrated. The @entity14782 sensor possesses a high dynamic range (   5 orders of magnitude) with a fast response time of few seconds and provides great potential for miniaturization. We foresee that this technique will pave the way for fast, noninvasive, and painless point-of-care diagnosis of @entity209 in exhaled @entity1 breath.

title: Fast and Highly Sensitive Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Monitoring of Molecular H2 and CH4 for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Malabsorption Disorders in Exhaled XXXX Breath.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['hydrogen breath test', 'HBT']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy', 'FERS']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders or diseases', 'metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic fermentation']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['overgrowth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple juxtacrine and paracrine interactions occur between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the @entity5 microenvironment (TME) that direct @entity5 progression. @entity5 Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are an integral component of the TME, and the majority of @entity0 stroma is comprised of CAFs. Heterotypic interactions between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the TME occur via soluble agents, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and secreted microRNAs. We previously identified a microRNA signature indicative of hyperactive MAPK signaling (hMAPK-miRNA signature) that significantly associated with reduced recurrence-free and overall survival. Here we report that the hMAPK-miRNA signature associates with a high metric of stromal cell infiltrate, and we investigate the role of microRNAs, particularly hMAPK-microRNAs, secreted by CAFs on @entity172 receptor (ER) expression in @entity0 cells. ER-positive MCF-7/ltE2- cells were treated with @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from CAFs derived from @entity0 of different PAM50 subtypes (CAFBAS, CAFHER2, and CAFLA). CAF @entity558 isolated specifically from ER-negative primary @entity0 led to ER repression in vitro. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of CAF-secreted exosomes in @entity558 and the uptake of these exosomes by the ER+ MCF-7/ltE2- cells. Differentially expressed microRNAs in CAF @entity558 as well as in MCF-7/ltE2- cells treated with this @entity558 were identified. Knockdown of @entity494 /222 in CAFBAS resulted in knockdown of @entity494 /222 levels in the @entity558 and the @entity558 from CAFBAS; @entity494 /222 knockdown rescued ER repression in ER-positive cell lines treated with CAFBAS- @entity558 . Collectively, our results demonstrate that CAF-secreted microRNAs are directly involved in ER-repression, and may contribute to the MAPK-induced ER repression in @entity0 cells.

title: Hierarchical paracrine interaction of XXXX associated fibroblasts with @entity5 cells via hMAPK-microRNAs to drive ER-negative @entity0 phenotype.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned media']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple juxtacrine and paracrine interactions occur between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the @entity5 microenvironment (TME) that direct @entity5 progression. @entity5 Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are an integral component of the TME, and the majority of @entity0 stroma is comprised of CAFs. Heterotypic interactions between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the TME occur via soluble agents, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and secreted microRNAs. We previously identified a microRNA signature indicative of hyperactive MAPK signaling (hMAPK-miRNA signature) that significantly associated with reduced recurrence-free and overall survival. Here we report that the hMAPK-miRNA signature associates with a high metric of stromal cell infiltrate, and we investigate the role of microRNAs, particularly hMAPK-microRNAs, secreted by CAFs on @entity172 receptor (ER) expression in @entity0 cells. ER-positive MCF-7/ltE2- cells were treated with @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from CAFs derived from @entity0 of different PAM50 subtypes (CAFBAS, CAFHER2, and CAFLA). CAF @entity558 isolated specifically from ER-negative primary @entity0 led to ER repression in vitro. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of CAF-secreted exosomes in @entity558 and the uptake of these exosomes by the ER+ MCF-7/ltE2- cells. Differentially expressed microRNAs in CAF @entity558 as well as in MCF-7/ltE2- cells treated with this @entity558 were identified. Knockdown of @entity494 /222 in CAFBAS resulted in knockdown of @entity494 /222 levels in the @entity558 and the @entity558 from CAFBAS; @entity494 /222 knockdown rescued ER repression in ER-positive cell lines treated with CAFBAS- @entity558 . Collectively, our results demonstrate that CAF-secreted microRNAs are directly involved in ER-repression, and may contribute to the MAPK-induced ER repression in @entity0 cells.

title: Hierarchical paracrine interaction of @entity0 associated fibroblasts with @entity5 cells via hMAPK-microRNAs to drive ER-negative XXXX phenotype.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple juxtacrine and paracrine interactions occur between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the @entity5 microenvironment (TME) that direct @entity5 progression. @entity5 Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are an integral component of the TME, and the majority of @entity0 stroma is comprised of CAFs. Heterotypic interactions between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the TME occur via soluble agents, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and secreted microRNAs. We previously identified a microRNA signature indicative of hyperactive MAPK signaling (hMAPK-miRNA signature) that significantly associated with reduced recurrence-free and overall survival. Here we report that the hMAPK-miRNA signature associates with a high metric of stromal cell infiltrate, and we investigate the role of microRNAs, particularly hMAPK-microRNAs, secreted by CAFs on @entity172 receptor (ER) expression in @entity0 cells. ER-positive MCF-7/ltE2- cells were treated with @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from CAFs derived from @entity0 of different PAM50 subtypes (CAFBAS, CAFHER2, and CAFLA). CAF @entity558 isolated specifically from ER-negative primary @entity0 led to ER repression in vitro. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of CAF-secreted exosomes in @entity558 and the uptake of these exosomes by the ER+ MCF-7/ltE2- cells. Differentially expressed microRNAs in CAF @entity558 as well as in MCF-7/ltE2- cells treated with this @entity558 were identified. Knockdown of @entity494 /222 in CAFBAS resulted in knockdown of @entity494 /222 levels in the @entity558 and the @entity558 from CAFBAS; @entity494 /222 knockdown rescued ER repression in ER-positive cell lines treated with CAFBAS- @entity558 . Collectively, our results demonstrate that CAF-secreted microRNAs are directly involved in ER-repression, and may contribute to the MAPK-induced ER repression in @entity0 cells.

title: Hierarchical paracrine interaction of @entity0 associated fibroblasts with XXXX cells via hMAPK-microRNAs to drive ER-negative @entity0 phenotype.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of HES 130/0.4 coloading compared to normal saline solution for prevention of @entity551 during spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean section. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty ASA I and II @entity1 scheduled for elective caesarean section were recruited. @entity1 were randomized to receive either 500mL of HES 130/0.4 ( @entity71809 (  )) coloading (GroupV) or 500mL of normal saline solution coloading (GroupC). Spinal anesthesia technique and @entity6358 administration were standardized in both groups. The primary endpoint was the incidence of @entity551 during spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean section. RESULTS: @entity551 occurred in 43 @entity1 in group C and 24 @entity1 in group V (p=0.001). @entity6358 consumption was significantly lower in group V (P=0.005). @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity10 incidence was higher in group C (p=0.006). Apgar scores and umbilical blood gazes were comparable between groups. CONCLUSION: HES 130/0.4 coload was more effective than normal saline solution to prevent @entity551 following spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. HES 130/0.4 coload reduced the incidence, the duration of @entity551 , the need for ephedrine and the adverse maternal effects.

title: [Prevention of XXXX during spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean section: Coloading with HAE 130/0.4 vs normal saline solution].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['Ephedrine', 'ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'longest hypotension', 'hypotension', 'maternal hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: CONTEXT: There are currently no data evaluating volumetric @entity79 ( @entity79 ), bone geometry, and body composition in adults with @entity252 ( @entity252 ) or @entity2357 who have been treated with T from adolescence. OBJECTIVE: To determine volumetric @entity79 , bone geometry using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in @entity1 with classical @entity252 or @entity2357 treated with T from adolescence (age, <16 y), compared with matched controls. METHODS: Twenty subjects (12 @entity252 , eight @entity2357 ) and 20 controls underwent a pQCT (66% tibia, 4% radius) and total body DXA. RESULTS: Using adjusted regression models, there was reduced tibial cortical area (95% confidence interval [CI], -88.8 to -4.4 mm(2); P = .03) and thickness (95% CI, -0.98 to -0.10 mm; P = .02) in subjects. All other bone parameters were similar between groups. Subjects had significantly higher fat mass (95% CI, 1.6 to 14.9 kg; P = .02), trunk:leg fat ratio (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.60; P = .01), and visceral adipose mass (95% CI, 0.057 to 0.283 kg; P = .004). Lean mass was similar in both groups. Lean mass was positively associated with tibial cortical area and radial total, trabecular, and volumetric density (P < .05). CONCLUSION: This first report using pQCT and DXA in @entity1 with @entity252 or @entity2357 treated from adolescence showed normal volumetric @entity79 but reduction in cortical area and thickness, only at the 66% tibia site. Our study also demonstrated for the first time that @entity1 with @entity252 or @entity2357 have @entity10478 despite T treatment.

title: Mild Deficits of Cortical Bone in Young Adults With Klinefelter Syndrome or XXXX Treated With Testosterone.

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['increased visceral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome', 'KS']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity2357 :: (MESH:C537770,Disease) :: ['Anorchia']


abstract: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is a core syndrome of @entity161 . However, @entity1 with other diagnoses, such as @entity162 and @entity308 amongst others, also present with @entity74 . We introduce a novel, comprehensive clinical rating scale, capturing the full variety of @entity74 phenomenology including subjective experiences. The 30-item @entity3180 ( @entity3180 ) scale is based on a detailed review of the literature, encompassing all formal thought @entity146 reported from the early 20th century onwards. Objectively observable symptoms as well as subjective phenomena were included. Two hundred and ten @entity1 (146 @entity1 ICD-10 diagnoses: @entity308 n=63, @entity161 n=63, @entity162 n=20; 64 healthy control subjects) were interviewed and symptoms rated with the @entity3180 , TLC, HAMD, YMRS and SAPS/ @entity12269 . A principal component analyses was performed for the @entity3180 . The principal component analysis revealed four @entity74 factors; objective and subjective as well as positive and negative factor dimensions. The correlation analyses with the TLC and the SAPS/ @entity12269 @entity74 sub-scores demonstrated the factor validity for the objective factors. The different diagnoses showed a distinct pattern of symptom severity in each of the factors, with @entity162 @entity1 exhibiting the highest value in the positive, objective dimension. The scale showed good psychometric results, which makes it a practicable, nosologically-open instrument for the detailed assessment of all @entity74 dimensions. The results strengthen the importance of subjective symptom assessment reported by the @entity1 .

title: A rating scale for the assessment of objective and subjective formal @entity3180 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['TALD', 'TALD to differentiate sub-syndromes', 'Thought and Language Disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['disorder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Formal thought disorder', 'FTD']

answer: @entity3180 :: (MESH:D007806,Disease) :: ['TALD']


abstract: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is a core syndrome of @entity161 . However, @entity1 with other diagnoses, such as @entity162 and @entity308 amongst others, also present with @entity74 . We introduce a novel, comprehensive clinical rating scale, capturing the full variety of @entity74 phenomenology including subjective experiences. The 30-item @entity3180 ( @entity3180 ) scale is based on a detailed review of the literature, encompassing all formal thought @entity146 reported from the early 20th century onwards. Objectively observable symptoms as well as subjective phenomena were included. Two hundred and ten @entity1 (146 @entity1 ICD-10 diagnoses: @entity308 n=63, @entity161 n=63, @entity162 n=20; 64 healthy control subjects) were interviewed and symptoms rated with the @entity3180 , TLC, HAMD, YMRS and SAPS/ @entity12269 . A principal component analyses was performed for the @entity3180 . The principal component analysis revealed four @entity74 factors; objective and subjective as well as positive and negative factor dimensions. The correlation analyses with the TLC and the SAPS/ @entity12269 @entity74 sub-scores demonstrated the factor validity for the objective factors. The different diagnoses showed a distinct pattern of symptom severity in each of the factors, with @entity162 @entity1 exhibiting the highest value in the positive, objective dimension. The scale showed good psychometric results, which makes it a practicable, nosologically-open instrument for the detailed assessment of all @entity74 dimensions. The results strengthen the importance of subjective symptom assessment reported by the @entity1 .

title: A rating scale for the assessment of objective and subjective formal XXXX ( @entity3180 ).

answer: @entity3180 :: (MESH:D007806,Disease) :: ['Thought and Language Disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report on two @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) after solitary islet transplantation in 2001. They received @entity479 -sparing immunosuppression (daclizumab, @entity3446 , and @entity1140 according to the Edmonton protocol). Both @entity1 became @entity2690 independent for 2 years: @entity1 A, a 42-year-old female with a 12-year history of @entity1723 , received two islet infusions; @entity1 B, a 53-year-old female with a 40-year @entity1723 history, received one islet infusion. Pretransplant, both had undetectable @entity2690 concentrations and frequent and severe @entity4053 . Pretransplant, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 7.8% and 8.8% and @entity2690 requirements were 0.47 and 0.33   units/kg/day, respectively. Posttransplant, @entity2690 levels remained detectable while immunosuppression was continued, but decreased over time. @entity2690 was re-started 2 years posttransplant in both @entity1 . Since @entity1 A's glycemia and @entity2690 requirements trended toward pretransplant levels, immunosuppression was discontinued after 13 years. This resulted in a sudden cessation of @entity2690 secretion. @entity1 B continues on immunosuppression, has better HbA1c, and half the @entity2690 requirement compared to pretransplant. Both @entity1 no longer experience severe @entity4053 . Herein, we document blood @entity413 concentrations over time (>30   000 measurements per @entity1 ) and b cell function based on @entity2690 secretion. Despite renewed @entity2690 @entity734 , both @entity1 express satisfaction with having undergone the procedure.

title: Long-Term Immunosuppression After Solitary Islet Transplantation Is Associated With Preserved XXXX Secretion for More Than a Decade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin', 'insulin', 'C-peptide']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['C-Peptide']


abstract: @entity5516 ( @entity5516 )(2) is a complex process that appears to involve several brain structures. In particular, amygdala, @entity550 ( @entity550 ) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) seem to be essential in @entity1 decision making, where both emotional and cognitive aspects are taken into account. In this paper, we present a computational network model representing the neural information processing of @entity5516 , from perception to behavior. We model the population dynamics of the three @entity1274 (amygdala, @entity550 and LPFC), as well as their interaction. In our model, the neurodynamic activity of amygdala and @entity550 represents the neural correlates of secondary emotion, while the activity of certain neural populations in @entity550 alone represents the outcome expectancy of different options. The cognitive/rational aspect of @entity5516 is associated with LPFC. Our model is intended to give insights on the emotional and cognitive processes involved in @entity5516 under various internal and external contexts. Different options for actions are represented by the oscillatory activity of cell assemblies, which may change due to experience and learning. Knowledge and experience of the outcome of our decisions and actions can eventually result in changes in our @entity1274 , attitudes and behaviors. Simulation results may have implications for how we make decisions for our individual actions, as well as for societal choices, where we take examples from transport and its impact on @entity3627 emissions and climate change.

title: A cortical network model of cognitive and emotional influences in XXXX decision making.

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['OFC', 'orbitofrontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural structures']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'Decision making']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Some components of generalized @entity148 , such as physical symptoms, are thought to reflect autonomic nervous system arousal. This study primarily assessed the relationships between psychophysiological and clinical measures using @entity906 extended release or applied relaxation, and secondarily, the impact of combination treatment in @entity1 not remitting after 8  weeks. Fifty-eight @entity1 were randomly assigned to 8  weeks of treatment with either @entity906 or applied relaxation (Phase I). Non-remitted @entity1 received combination treatment for an additional 8  weeks (Phase II). Assessments included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Beck @entity308 Inventory, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Stroop Color-Word Task coupled with electrophysiological measures (skin conductance and frontalis electromyography (EMG)). In Phase 1, a time effect was found for the clinical and skin conductance measures. Thirteen @entity1 from each group were in remission. In Phase 2, seven additional @entity1 remitted. Baseline psychophysiological measures were not associated with baseline clinical variables or with clinical outcomes. Independently of treatment allocation, a reduction in frontal EMG values at week 4 was significantly associated with a decrease in HAM-A scores at week 8. At week 4, responders from the applied relaxation group had lower electrophysiological activity than the @entity906 group. Baseline psychophysiological measures were not linked with clinical measures at study inclusion or with treatment response. Frontal EMG response at week 4 is a possible predictor of treatment response. Treatment combination enhances treatment response after initial failure.

title: @entity906 Versus Applied Relaxation for Generalized XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Study on Clinical and Electrophysiological Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety Disorder']


abstract: Some components of generalized @entity148 , such as physical symptoms, are thought to reflect autonomic nervous system arousal. This study primarily assessed the relationships between psychophysiological and clinical measures using @entity906 extended release or applied relaxation, and secondarily, the impact of combination treatment in @entity1 not remitting after 8  weeks. Fifty-eight @entity1 were randomly assigned to 8  weeks of treatment with either @entity906 or applied relaxation (Phase I). Non-remitted @entity1 received combination treatment for an additional 8  weeks (Phase II). Assessments included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Beck @entity308 Inventory, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Stroop Color-Word Task coupled with electrophysiological measures (skin conductance and frontalis electromyography (EMG)). In Phase 1, a time effect was found for the clinical and skin conductance measures. Thirteen @entity1 from each group were in remission. In Phase 2, seven additional @entity1 remitted. Baseline psychophysiological measures were not associated with baseline clinical variables or with clinical outcomes. Independently of treatment allocation, a reduction in frontal EMG values at week 4 was significantly associated with a decrease in HAM-A scores at week 8. At week 4, responders from the applied relaxation group had lower electrophysiological activity than the @entity906 group. Baseline psychophysiological measures were not linked with clinical measures at study inclusion or with treatment response. Frontal EMG response at week 4 is a possible predictor of treatment response. Treatment combination enhances treatment response after initial failure.

title: XXXX Versus Applied Relaxation for Generalized @entity148 : A Randomized Controlled Study on Clinical and Electrophysiological Outcomes.

answer: @entity906 :: (MESH:C047426,Chemical) :: ['Venlafaxine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity0 face the complex decision to undergo one of three equally effective oncologic surgical strategies: breast-conservation surgery with radiation (BCS), mastectomy, or mastectomy with breast reconstruction. With comparable oncologic outcomes and survival rates, evaluations of satisfaction with these procedures are needed to facilitate the decision-making process and to optimize long-term health. METHODS: @entity1 recruited from the Army of @entity1 with a history of @entity0 surgery took electronically administered surgery-specific surveys, including the BREAST-Q   and a background survey evaluating @entity1 -, disease-, and procedure-specific factors. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of procedure type on breast satisfaction scores. RESULTS: Overall, 7,619 @entity1 completed the questionnaires. Linear regression revealed that @entity1 who underwent abdominal flap, or buttock or thigh flap reconstruction reported the highest breast satisfaction score, scoring an average of 5.6 points and 14.4 points higher than BCS, respectively (p  <  0.0001 and p  =  0.027, respectively). No difference in satisfaction was observed in @entity1 who underwent latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction compared with those who underwent BCS. @entity1 who underwent implant reconstruction reported scores 8.6 points lower than BCS (p  <  0.0001). Those with mastectomies without reconstruction or complex surgical histories scored, on average, 10 points lower than BCS (p  <  0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 who underwent autologous tissue reconstruction reported the highest breast satisfaction, while @entity1 undergoing mastectomy without reconstruction reported the lowest satisfaction. These findings emphasize the value of @entity1 -reported outcome measures as an important guide to decision making in breast surgery and underscore the importance of multidisciplinary participation early in the surgical decision-making process.

title: A National Snapshot of Satisfaction with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Procedures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although therapeutic mammoplasty (TM) was introduced for treatment of localized @entity513 in situ and @entity0 (stages I and II) in females with large breast size, the suitability of medial pedicle TM for treatment of @entity0 at different locations has not been established. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and esthetic outcome of medial pedicle TM for @entity0 at different locations. METHODS: The study was conducted from February 2012 to July 2014. Consecutive @entity1 with early @entity0 with medium- and large-sized breasts, with or without @entity1736 , who were offered medial pedicle TM were included in the study. @entity1 who were not candidates for breast-conserving surgery or those with @entity5 located along the medial pedicle were excluded. All @entity1 received immediate postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 with a mean age of 48.5 years received medial pedicle TM in the breast harboring the @entity5 or, additionally, the other breast (N=14). The @entity5 were in the upper (60.0%), lower (26.7%), and lateral (13.3%) quadrants. Minor complications occurred in five cases (5/30, 16.7%) in the ipsilateral and in two (2/14, 14.3%) contralateral breasts. No wound @entity6783 or @entity39 was recorded. A total of 22 (73.3%) @entity1 were scored as excellent cosmesis. After a median follow-up of 20 months, no locoregional recurrence or distant metastases were observed. CONCLUSION: TM using a medial pedicle is a safe and appealing technique among @entity1 with @entity5 at different locations.

title: Safety and esthetic outcomes of therapeutic mammoplasty using medial pedicle for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'invasive breast carcinoma', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['areolar necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Inadequate primary treatment of calcaneal @entity174 frequently results in persistent, @entity158 . This can be caused by @entity625 , an @entity101 , and/or @entity924 . Many @entity1 experience multiple disorders simultaneously, requiring a combination of procedures to treat the injury. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic debridement with lateral calcaneal ostectomy for @entity158 after a calcaneal @entity174 . Four feet (4 @entity1 ) were treated with arthroscopic debridement and lateral calcaneal ostectomy. The @entity1 were 3  males and 1 female, with a mean age of 55.3      14.1  years. The mean follow-up duration was 33.5      10.5  months postoperatively. Three @entity1 @entity1538 as a result of their condition. The @entity1 were examined for improvement in @entity158 levels using the numeric @entity158 intensity scale and healing was assessed using the Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot score. The mean Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot score improved from 64.5      13.8 preoperatively to 82.5      7.1 postoperatively. The mean postoperative numeric @entity158 intensity scale score was 2.3      1.9. No complications, such as @entity281 with wound healing, were observed in any of the @entity1 . The simultaneous use of arthroscopic subtalar debridement and lateral calcaneal ostectomy is a valuable intervention for the treatment of @entity158 after a calcaneal @entity174 in @entity1 who present with @entity101 and mild or no degenerative changes in the subtalar joint.

title: Simultaneous use of lateral calcaneal ostectomy and subtalar arthroscopic debridement for @entity158 after a calcaneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["received worker's compensation"]

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased calcaneal width']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal fibular impingement of the peroneal tendons']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection or problems']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Inadequate primary treatment of calcaneal @entity174 frequently results in persistent, @entity158 . This can be caused by @entity625 , an @entity101 , and/or @entity924 . Many @entity1 experience multiple disorders simultaneously, requiring a combination of procedures to treat the injury. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic debridement with lateral calcaneal ostectomy for @entity158 after a calcaneal @entity174 . Four feet (4 @entity1 ) were treated with arthroscopic debridement and lateral calcaneal ostectomy. The @entity1 were 3  males and 1 female, with a mean age of 55.3      14.1  years. The mean follow-up duration was 33.5      10.5  months postoperatively. Three @entity1 @entity1538 as a result of their condition. The @entity1 were examined for improvement in @entity158 levels using the numeric @entity158 intensity scale and healing was assessed using the Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot score. The mean Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot score improved from 64.5      13.8 preoperatively to 82.5      7.1 postoperatively. The mean postoperative numeric @entity158 intensity scale score was 2.3      1.9. No complications, such as @entity281 with wound healing, were observed in any of the @entity1 . The simultaneous use of arthroscopic subtalar debridement and lateral calcaneal ostectomy is a valuable intervention for the treatment of @entity158 after a calcaneal @entity174 in @entity1 who present with @entity101 and mild or no degenerative changes in the subtalar joint.

title: Simultaneous use of lateral calcaneal ostectomy and subtalar arthroscopic debridement for XXXX after a calcaneal @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['residual pain']


abstract: Six healthy @entity1 , 5 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 aged from 13 months to 4 years had a severe @entity3127 . The end result is established chronic @entity1030 . On a background of fairly severe @entity1576 there were paroxysms of breathlessness with fever, wheezes and cyanosis which were little affected by bronchodilators or @entity230 . The anatomical basis of this syndrome is before all else a @entity133 , shown at autopsy in a @entity1 dying after four months of the illness. But also there is a disorder of the large bronchi with @entity4595 and problems with ventilation centrally and/or peripherally. The major radiological signs are airways distension which is always clearly in keeping with @entity2415 and a thickening of the peri-bronchial walls which are clearly visible on tomography. Thus it appears that @entity11173 , as with other respiratory viruses, can lead to permanent sequelae in very young @entity1 . It is however possible that the respiratory sequelae may be due to associated @entity1800 , with adenovirus in particular. On the practical level, the occurrence of an early and severe @entity55 in a young @entity1 and its persistence with a @entity519 and a lowering of dynamic compliance requires a prolonged follow up and a guarded prognosis. Unfortunately the treatment of this type of chronic @entity1030 is only symptomatic.

title: [Respiratory sequelae of severe XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girl', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['measles pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolar obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['measles bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity11173 :: (MESH:D008457,Disease) :: ['measles']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity794 and @entity23819 are highly important due to their capacity for producing diseases in @entity1 and animals, respectively. The aim of the study was to investigate and characterize the coagulase positive @entity794 (CoPS) carriage in a Primary Healthcare Center population. METHODS: Nasal swabs were obtained from 281 non-infectious @entity1 . The CoPS isolates recovered were typed, and their resistance phenotype and genotype, as well as their virulence profiles, were analyzed. RESULTS: CoPS isolates were recovered from 56/281 @entity1 (19.9%). Fifty-five were @entity794 (19.6%), 54 were methicillin susceptible (MSSA) and one was methicillin resistant ( @entity794 ). The remaining isolate was @entity23819 (0.4%). A high diversity of spa-types (n=40) was detected, with 6 of them being new ones. The multi-locus-sequence-typing of 13 MSSA and one @entity794 selected isolates was performed and the STs detected were: ST8, ST15, ST30, ST34, ST121, ST146, ST398, ST554, ST942, ST2499, and ST2500 (the last two STs being new). One MSSA isolate was typed as t1197-ST398-(Clonal complex)CC398. The @entity794 isolate was typed as t002-ST146-CC5-SCCmec-IVc, and exhibited a multiresistance phenotype. The detected resistances were: @entity114 (76%), @entity7187 (7%), @entity803 (7%), @entity799 (7%), @entity5176 (7%), and @entity35995 (5%). Five isolates contained lukF/lukS-PV genes, 17 tst gene, one eta gene, and two @entity43490 gene. The @entity23819 isolate presented a new spa-type (t57) (belonging to a new ST180) and the genes lukS/F-I, siet, se-int, and expB. CONCLUSIONS: A high genetic diversity of @entity794 was detected. Mention must be made of the identification of MSSA CC398 and @entity23819 isolates in two @entity1 , one of them with animal contact. The detection of the genes lukF/lukS-PV and tst should be noted.

title: Nasal carriage of coagulase positive staphylococci in XXXX of a Primary-Healthcare-Center: genetic lineages and resistance and virulence genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA', 'Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity35995 :: ('MESH:D055231', 'Chemical') :: ['lincosamides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Intracellular structures of hepatocytes were studied in @entity35 intoxicated with @entity4314 ( @entity41746 ) by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Liver tissues were treated successively by conductive staining, critical point drying and fracturing with a scalpel. @entity174 hepatocytes were mainly observed in the specimens 12 hours after @entity41746 administration, Hepatocytes near the portal tract showed a normal dense cytoplasm. Swollen foamy hepatocytes were remarkable in the intermediate zone. They had numerous vesicles, 0.6-2.5 micrometer in diameter, which correspond to dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticula (RER) observed by transmission electron microscopy. The vesicles were separated by a thin rim of the cytoplasm and communicated with each other through a round window. Besides vesicles, the foamy hepatocytes had some vacuoles 3-10 micrometer in diameter, which were extremely dilated RER. The vacuoles had many windows and communicated with the vesicles. Hepatocytes with dense cytoplasm and many vacuoles were distributed widely in the lobule. They were intermingled with the vesiculated hepatocytes inthe intermediate zone. Their vacuoles were 1.5-3.0 micrometer in diameter and some vacuoles communicated with each other. The vacuole had a well-developed wall with 0.1 micrometer diamter pores. The pores were sometimes arranged in line. Hepatocytes near the central vein showed necrotic changes. Most membraneous structures were disrupted except for fat droplets and the nucleus. The nucleoplasm was looser and nuclear pores disappeared. In summary, @entity4653 demonstrated three-dimensionally organelle changes of hepatocytes induced by @entity41746 administration.

title: Scanning electron microscopy of @entity35 degenerated hepatocytes after XXXX intoxication.

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractured']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4314 :: (MESH:D002251,Chemical) :: ['carbon tetrachloride']


abstract: Intracellular structures of hepatocytes were studied in @entity35 intoxicated with @entity4314 ( @entity41746 ) by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Liver tissues were treated successively by conductive staining, critical point drying and fracturing with a scalpel. @entity174 hepatocytes were mainly observed in the specimens 12 hours after @entity41746 administration, Hepatocytes near the portal tract showed a normal dense cytoplasm. Swollen foamy hepatocytes were remarkable in the intermediate zone. They had numerous vesicles, 0.6-2.5 micrometer in diameter, which correspond to dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticula (RER) observed by transmission electron microscopy. The vesicles were separated by a thin rim of the cytoplasm and communicated with each other through a round window. Besides vesicles, the foamy hepatocytes had some vacuoles 3-10 micrometer in diameter, which were extremely dilated RER. The vacuoles had many windows and communicated with the vesicles. Hepatocytes with dense cytoplasm and many vacuoles were distributed widely in the lobule. They were intermingled with the vesiculated hepatocytes inthe intermediate zone. Their vacuoles were 1.5-3.0 micrometer in diameter and some vacuoles communicated with each other. The vacuole had a well-developed wall with 0.1 micrometer diamter pores. The pores were sometimes arranged in line. Hepatocytes near the central vein showed necrotic changes. Most membraneous structures were disrupted except for fat droplets and the nucleus. The nucleoplasm was looser and nuclear pores disappeared. In summary, @entity4653 demonstrated three-dimensionally organelle changes of hepatocytes induced by @entity41746 administration.

title: Scanning electron microscopy of XXXX degenerated hepatocytes after @entity4314 intoxication.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine effectiveness of coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) alone and combined with Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) in adult @entity1 for significant @entity3979 by using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) as reference standard. METHODS: Two thousand twenty-one @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) underwent CACS test and CTCA. @entity1 were examined with dual-source CT and were grouped according to their age, gender, CACS, and estimated SCORE risk. Coronary plaque existence and degree of @entity850 were assessed with CTCA. Sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves were analyzed. RESULTS: CACS was the single independent variable in estimating relative risk of critical @entity850 and had superior outcome when compared with SCORE risk in logistic regression and ROC curve. Area under the ROC curve was greatest in the interval between 50-59 years. When SCORE was combined with CACS in @entity1 with zero CACS, percentage of significant @entity850 increased from 1.4% to 7.0% in @entity1 with high or very high SCORE risk, and decreased to 0.9 % in @entity1 with low or moderate SCORE risk. CONCLUSIONS: CACS combination with SCORE risk predicts @entity3979 . When CACS is zero, CTCA can be performed in @entity1 with high or very high SCORE risk. KEY POINTS:     CACS is the major predictor of significant @entity850 in the sixth and seventh decade.     CACS has superior outcome when compared with SCORE.     Zero CACS is the most important negative predictor for significant @entity1741 .     Zero CACS, with SCORE better predicts significant @entity1741 .

title: Does coronary @entity460 scoring with a SCORE better predict significant XXXX than without? Correlation with computed tomography coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine effectiveness of coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) alone and combined with Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) in adult @entity1 for significant @entity3979 by using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) as reference standard. METHODS: Two thousand twenty-one @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) underwent CACS test and CTCA. @entity1 were examined with dual-source CT and were grouped according to their age, gender, CACS, and estimated SCORE risk. Coronary plaque existence and degree of @entity850 were assessed with CTCA. Sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves were analyzed. RESULTS: CACS was the single independent variable in estimating relative risk of critical @entity850 and had superior outcome when compared with SCORE risk in logistic regression and ROC curve. Area under the ROC curve was greatest in the interval between 50-59 years. When SCORE was combined with CACS in @entity1 with zero CACS, percentage of significant @entity850 increased from 1.4% to 7.0% in @entity1 with high or very high SCORE risk, and decreased to 0.9 % in @entity1 with low or moderate SCORE risk. CONCLUSIONS: CACS combination with SCORE risk predicts @entity3979 . When CACS is zero, CTCA can be performed in @entity1 with high or very high SCORE risk. KEY POINTS:     CACS is the major predictor of significant @entity850 in the sixth and seventh decade.     CACS has superior outcome when compared with SCORE.     Zero CACS is the most important negative predictor for significant @entity1741 .     Zero CACS, with SCORE better predicts significant @entity1741 .

title: Does coronary XXXX scoring with a SCORE better predict significant @entity3979 than without? Correlation with computed tomography coronary angiography.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The risk of @entity699 ( @entity699 ) recurring may persist for years, even after initially successful surgery. Objective. To prospectively assess the relevance of a combined @entity619 desmopressin test (CDDT) as a component of postoperative hormonal evaluation, including the dynamics of ACTH and @entity701 concentrations. Material and Methods. We included 28 @entity1 after TSS for @entity699 . Eighteen months after surgery the standard hormonal evaluation was performed, followed by a CDDT. Results. Fifteen @entity1 (53.6%) were in remission whereas in 13 subjects (46.4%) hypercortisolemia was confirmed. Positive results of CDDT were observed in 12 noncured @entity1 (92.3%) and in one subject in remission (6.7%). Negative results were obtained in 12 @entity1 with remission (80%) and in one noncured @entity1 (7.7%). With 2 @entity1 in @entity699 remission (13.3%) the test results were inconclusive. We confirmed a high compatibility between CDDT and standard hormonal assessment results (k = 0.846; P < 0.001). Significant differences in ACTH and @entity701 levels at each CDDT time point between the two studied subgroups were shown. Conclusions. A negative CDDT result can be regarded as one of the factors indicative of @entity699 remission during follow-up. Additionally, CDDT can help distinguish persistent hypercortisolemia from naturally recurring adrenal function after TSS.

title: XXXX : The Relevance of a Combined Dexamethasone Desmopressin Test as a Component of Postoperative Hormonal Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compare monopolar vs bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate in @entity1 with @entity1067 , focusing on functional outcomes as well as rates of @entity548 complications and the @entity751 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 137 @entity1 with @entity1067 (mean age 67 years, range 47 to 91) were prospectively randomly assigned to undergo monopolar (67) or bipolar (70) transurethral resection of the prostate. @entity1 characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Hemoglobin (as a marker of @entity190 ) was measured preoperatively and perioperatively. I-PSS, I-PSS-QoL score, maximal flow rate and post-void residual urine volume were assessed preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Duration of surgery, indwelling catheter use and hospitalization were also documented, as were postoperative clot retention requiring removal by catheterization or surgery, and rates of @entity1494 and/or urethral strictures. RESULTS: No significant perioperative differences were found in duration of surgery, catheterization or hospitalization, or in @entity190 or rates of blood transfusion and @entity751 . Postoperatively there were no significant differences in I-PSS or I-PSS-QoL scores, or rates of rehospitalization, clot retention, blood transfusions, reoperation or urethral strictures. However, @entity1494 stricture occurred significantly more often in the bipolar group (8.5% vs 0%, p = 0.02). The 3 and 12-month followup showed significant and equal improvement in micturition in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate are effective and safe techniques for the surgical treatment of @entity1067 . The only significant difference between them was a significantly higher rate of @entity1494 with bipolar resection of the prostate.

title: Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized trial focusing on XXXX complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck', 'bladder neck strictures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['transurethral resection syndrome']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Weight fluctuations pose serious challenges to @entity1 's health. Research suggests that the interplay between cognitive dietary restraint and counter-regulative @entity7298 impairs weight control. In a random sample from the general population (N   =   2733, 49% male), a longitudinal survey was conducted over 4 consecutive years (2010-2013). Self-reported weight was used to calculate the variance of three weight changes from one wave to the next. Separate regression analyses for @entity1 and @entity1 were conducted. The dependent variable was weight fluctuation, and the independent variables were eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained) and ambivalence toward palatable food. Age and weight changes between the fourth and first years were controlled. A significant positive effect of emotional eating for @entity1 and @entity1 , and a significant positive effect of ambivalence for @entity1 , were found. @entity1 who demonstrated high levels of emotional eating, and @entity1 who had high levels of ambivalence in the beginning of the study, had more extreme relative @entity353 in the consecutive years than did @entity1 with low levels of emotional eating or @entity1 with low levels of ambivalence. Restrained and external eating had no effect. The results suggest that emotional eating and ambivalence toward palatable food need to be addressed to prevent health-damaging @entity353 . Furthermore, ambivalence toward palatable food was revealed as an additional @entity7298 tendency beyond emotional eating that must be considered to understand the interplay between dietary restraint and @entity7298 .

title: Ambivalence toward palatable food and emotional eating predict XXXX . Results of a longitudinal study with four waves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['overeating']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight fluctuations']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight fluctuations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Approximately 10% of @entity1 with blunt traumatic @entity130 have a complete occlusion of the vertebral artery (VA). @entity385 due to embolization of @entity715 from an occluded VA following cervical spine surgery has been observed. The risk of @entity385 with cervical spine surgery in the presence of an occluded VA, however, has never been determined. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 52 @entity1 with a @entity432 following a @entity130 was performed. Clinical and radiographic characteristics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Ten @entity1 (19.2%) suffered an @entity385 attributable to a traumatic @entity432 . Univariate analysis demonstrated that @entity1 with @entity385 were significantly older (p = 0.042) and had a lower rate of cervical spine surgery (p < 0.005). Multivariate analysis found cervical spine surgery to be protective against @entity385 (OR 0.049 [95% CI 0.014-0.167], p = 0.014); increasing age and bilateral @entity1317 (bilateral occlusion or unilateral occlusion with contralateral dissection) were risk factors for @entity385 (OR 1.05 [95% CI1.02-1.07], p = 0.065 and OR 13.2 [95% CI 2.98-58.9], p = 0.084, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Traumatic @entity432 is associated with a risk of @entity385 and mortality. Corrective cervical spine surgery potentially decreases the risk of @entity385 by stabilizing the spine and thereby reducing motion across the occluded segment of the VA and preventing embolization of @entity715 . While a high stoke risk may be @entity66 , novel therapies should be investigated.

title: Corrective spinal surgery may be protective against stroke in @entity1 with blunt traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inherent to the disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['VA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial cerebrovascular injury', 'blunt trauma']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery occlusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Approximately 10% of @entity1 with blunt traumatic @entity130 have a complete occlusion of the vertebral artery (VA). @entity385 due to embolization of @entity715 from an occluded VA following cervical spine surgery has been observed. The risk of @entity385 with cervical spine surgery in the presence of an occluded VA, however, has never been determined. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 52 @entity1 with a @entity432 following a @entity130 was performed. Clinical and radiographic characteristics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Ten @entity1 (19.2%) suffered an @entity385 attributable to a traumatic @entity432 . Univariate analysis demonstrated that @entity1 with @entity385 were significantly older (p = 0.042) and had a lower rate of cervical spine surgery (p < 0.005). Multivariate analysis found cervical spine surgery to be protective against @entity385 (OR 0.049 [95% CI 0.014-0.167], p = 0.014); increasing age and bilateral @entity1317 (bilateral occlusion or unilateral occlusion with contralateral dissection) were risk factors for @entity385 (OR 1.05 [95% CI1.02-1.07], p = 0.065 and OR 13.2 [95% CI 2.98-58.9], p = 0.084, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Traumatic @entity432 is associated with a risk of @entity385 and mortality. Corrective cervical spine surgery potentially decreases the risk of @entity385 by stabilizing the spine and thereby reducing motion across the occluded segment of the VA and preventing embolization of @entity715 . While a high stoke risk may be @entity66 , novel therapies should be investigated.

title: Corrective spinal surgery may be protective against stroke in XXXX with blunt traumatic @entity432 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of @entity3657 is affected by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. It is unclear, whether particular risk factors are leading to different clinical stages of @entity3657 . The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess the association of cardiovascular risk factors with the presence of @entity4218 . METHODS: The study cohort was derived from a consecutive registry of @entity1 undergoing endovascular therapy in a tertiary referral centre between January 2000 and April 2014. @entity1 undergoing first-time endovascular intervention for chronic @entity3657 of the lower extremities were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association of age, sex, @entity6 , @entity101 , dyslipidaemia, smoking, and @entity177 with @entity4218 vs. @entity613 . RESULTS: A total of 3406 @entity1 were included in the study (mean age 71.7      11.8 years, 2075 [61%] male). There was a significant association of age (OR 1.67, 95%-CI 1.53-1.82, p  <  0.001), male gender (OR 1.23, 95%-CI 1.04-1.47, p  =  0.016), @entity6 (OR 1.99, 95%-CI 1.68-2.36, p  <  0.001) and @entity177 (OR 1.62, 95%-CI 1.35-1.96, p  <  0.001) with the likelihood of @entity4218 . Smoking was associated with @entity613 rather than @entity4218 (OR 0.78, 95%-CI 0.65-0.94, p  =  0.010), while @entity101 and dyslipidaemia did not show an association with @entity4218 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3657 @entity1 undergoing first-time endovascular treatment, age, male gender, @entity6 , and @entity177 were the strongest predictors for the presence of @entity4218 .

title: Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transfer of the coracoid (Bristow-Latarjet [B-L]) is used to stabilize anterior shoulder instability. We report the long-term results of our first 31 operations with this method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 (mean age, 26.7  years) had a B-L repair from 1977 to 1979. Five @entity1 died, and during 2012 to 2013, the remaining 31 shoulders had a follow-up with questionnaire, physical examination, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Subjective Shoulder Value, Subjective Assessment of Shoulder Function, subjective assessment of loss of motion, and radiologic imaging. RESULTS: One @entity1 required revision surgery because of recurrence and another because of repeat dislocation. Six @entity1 reported subluxations. Eighteen @entity1 (58%) were very satisfied, and 13 (42%) were satisfied. The mean Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index score (100 possible) was 85, and the median score was 93. According to Samilson-Prieto classification of @entity2720 of the shoulder, 39% were classified as normal, 27% as mild, 23% as moderate, and 11% as severe. The classification of @entity2720 varied with observers and radiologic views. Age younger than 22  years at the @entity3029 meant less @entity2720 at follow-up (P  =  .045). CONCLUSION: The degree of @entity2720 33 to 35  years after the B-L repair seems to follow the natural history of shoulder dislocation with respect to @entity528 . Postoperative restriction of external rotation does not increase later @entity2720 .

title: Risk of XXXX after the Bristow-Latarjet repair: a radiologic and clinical thirty-three to thirty-five years of follow-up of thirty-one shoulders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathic joint degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['primary dislocation']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathy']