abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity28 in childhood are related to early @entity299 , as @entity4346 . Few studies have analyzed the independent effects of @entity101 and weight excess on diastolic function and left ventricular geometry. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of weight, waist circumference (as an index of fat distribution) and blood pressure on left ventricular mass index, the risk of @entity4346 , diastolic function and left ventricular geometry in 526 @entity1 (237 @entity1 , age range 6-15 years). METHODS: @entity1 were divided into normotensive, prehypertensive and @entity101 (US Nomograms) groups, and into normal-weight, overweight, and @entity28 (International @entity28 Task Force classification) groups. Left ventricular mass index, diastolic function and left ventricular geometry were assessed. RESULTS: @entity13519 z-scores and blood pressure categories significantly influenced cardiac mass (P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively) and the prevalence of @entity4346 (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). @entity28 , BMI, and waist circumference z-scores were significantly associated with an increment in E/Em ratio (P<0.001, P<0.01, and P<0.01, respectively). Increasing blood pressure values and the presence of @entity1556 (P<0.05) and @entity101 (P<0.003), but not weight excess, were associated with @entity299 . In contrast, concentric @entity1184 was associated with @entity101 (P<0.01), @entity28 (P<0.001), and increasing waist circumference (P<001). CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure values and @entity101 are independently associated with an increase of cardiac mass and the presence of @entity1283 . @entity28 and waist circumference, but not @entity101 , are associated with a worsening of diastolic function, whereas only @entity101 @entity1 show high prevalence of concentric remodeling. Blood pressure and body weight and fat distribution have an independent and different impact on left ventricular structure and function in @entity1 .

title: The role of blood pressure, body weight and fat distribution on left ventricular mass, diastolic function and cardiac geometry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['concentric cardiac remodeling', 'cardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6426 ( @entity6426 ) and drug seeking share similar behavioral features, including loss of control over consumption and compulsive seeking of the craved substance. Previous studies in animal models have demonstrated a complex interaction between 'state' @entity6426 , produced by intermittent access to a palatable diet, and 'trait' @entity6426 , a phenotypical proneness towards overeating. In the present study, we examined the relationship between state and trait @entity6426 and @entity2072 seeking. We used Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty @entity35 , a genetic model for @entity28 that demonstrates @entity6426 -like behavior, and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka controls. They received a schedule of limited access to a palatable diet (3   days/week or 5   days/week access to Ensure for a month). Next, they underwent @entity2072 self-administration training (1   mg/kg, 1   hour/day for 10   days) followed by extinction sessions (7   days). We found that the degree of @entity6426 -like behavior and the state and trait @entity6426 combination predicted @entity2072 craving patterns. Lower levels of @entity935 D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex were correlated with increased drug craving. Moreover, restricted access to an attractive diet was found to be a risk factor for heightened @entity2072 craving, particularly in trait binge eaters, as @entity35 on the 3   days/week access schedule persistently failed to cease @entity2072 seeking throughout extinction. Hence, we postulate a joint role of state and trait @entity6426 as risk factors for heightened @entity2072 craving.

title: Trait and state binge eating predispose towards XXXX craving.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['BE', 'Binge eating']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the influence of oocyte @entity4238 on clinical outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle in normal responders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the prospective study, morphology of 1999 metaphase II oocytes retrieved from 316 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles was evaluated from March 2011 to March 2013 at Royan Institute. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed by long standard agonist protocol. Oocyte morphology was assessed before sperm injection by one embryologist. The associations between fertilization rate, embryo quality and the independent variables were analyzed using odds ratio (OR) calculated with unconditional logistic regression test. RESULTS: From all retrieved oocytes, 1543 (77.1%) showed at least one morphologic aberration. Presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles and high cytoplasmic viscosity were associated with a significant decrease in the fertilization rate (OR: 0.5; P   =   0.004 and OR: 0.6; P   =   0.03, respectively). The results showed that oocyte morphology did not affect embryo quality. The number of gonadotrophin injections used showed a direct relation with presence of large perivitelline space. No significant difference was observed among four groups ( @entity1 with total normal morphologic oocytes [group 1], @entity1 with total extracytoplasmic dysmorphic oocytes [group 2], @entity1 with total cytoplasmic dysmorphic oocytes [group 3] and @entity1 with total oocytes containing multiple @entity154 [group 4]) in terms of implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. CONCLUSIONS: Metaphase II oocyte morphology had minor impacts on fertilization rate, pronuclear morphology and embryo quality in @entity1 with normal ovarian response.

title: Effect of oocyte XXXX on intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle outcomes in normal ovarian responders.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphisms']

answer: @entity4238 :: (MESH:D057215,Disease) :: ['dysmorphisms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity230 have been studied for both prevention and treatment of @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ). Results have been inconsistent. Recently, a large @entity23 ( @entity23 ) has been reported. METHODS/DESIGN: We will perform a comprehensive systematic literature search for randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that studied the efficacy and safety of inhaled @entity288 administered to preterm @entity1 (22-36  weeks) for either the prevention or treatment of @entity2107 diagnosed by both clinical and physiological outcome criteria. We will assess potential risk of bias for each @entity23 meeting our selection criteria using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs. The primary outcome of interest will be mortality or @entity2107 or both at 28  days postnatal age or 36  weeks postmenstrual age. Pooled estimates will be calculated using RevMan software with a random effects model as primary analysis. We will assess the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DISCUSSION: Meta-analytic estimates of eligible RCTs, potentially including a new large @entity23 , may significantly influence neonatal practice in the prevention and treatment of respiratory problems in preterm @entity1 . SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015019628.

title: Use of inhaled XXXX for the prevention and/or treatment of @entity2107 in preterm @entity1 : a systematic review protocol.

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity230 have been studied for both prevention and treatment of @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ). Results have been inconsistent. Recently, a large @entity23 ( @entity23 ) has been reported. METHODS/DESIGN: We will perform a comprehensive systematic literature search for randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that studied the efficacy and safety of inhaled @entity288 administered to preterm @entity1 (22-36  weeks) for either the prevention or treatment of @entity2107 diagnosed by both clinical and physiological outcome criteria. We will assess potential risk of bias for each @entity23 meeting our selection criteria using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs. The primary outcome of interest will be mortality or @entity2107 or both at 28  days postnatal age or 36  weeks postmenstrual age. Pooled estimates will be calculated using RevMan software with a random effects model as primary analysis. We will assess the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DISCUSSION: Meta-analytic estimates of eligible RCTs, potentially including a new large @entity23 , may significantly influence neonatal practice in the prevention and treatment of respiratory problems in preterm @entity1 . SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015019628.

title: Use of inhaled @entity288 for the prevention and/or treatment of XXXX in preterm @entity1 : a systematic review protocol.

answer: @entity2107 :: (MESH:D001997,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity230 have been studied for both prevention and treatment of @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ). Results have been inconsistent. Recently, a large @entity23 ( @entity23 ) has been reported. METHODS/DESIGN: We will perform a comprehensive systematic literature search for randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that studied the efficacy and safety of inhaled @entity288 administered to preterm @entity1 (22-36  weeks) for either the prevention or treatment of @entity2107 diagnosed by both clinical and physiological outcome criteria. We will assess potential risk of bias for each @entity23 meeting our selection criteria using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs. The primary outcome of interest will be mortality or @entity2107 or both at 28  days postnatal age or 36  weeks postmenstrual age. Pooled estimates will be calculated using RevMan software with a random effects model as primary analysis. We will assess the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DISCUSSION: Meta-analytic estimates of eligible RCTs, potentially including a new large @entity23 , may significantly influence neonatal practice in the prevention and treatment of respiratory problems in preterm @entity1 . SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015019628.

title: Use of inhaled @entity288 for the prevention and/or treatment of @entity2107 in preterm XXXX : a systematic review protocol.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percent time in therapeutic range (TTR) and international normalized ratio (INR) variability both measure @entity1229 control and are associated with outcomes independently. Here, we examine the advantages of a @entity1229 composite measure (WCM), which summarizes the 2 when measuring @entity1 outcomes. We also examine how the measure chosen would affect anticoagulation clinic performance rankings. METHODS AND RESULTS: We constructed WCM using an equally weighted method, adding standardized TTR to standardized log-transformed INR variability using 103 897 @entity1229 -experienced @entity1 from 100 anticoagulation clinics. We examined the association of WCM with @entity385 , major @entity548 , and fatal @entity548 , using a subset of @entity1 with @entity955 (n=40 404). We divided @entity1 into quintiles based on their level of control for TTR, log INR variability, and WCM. We calculated the hazard ratios for @entity385 , major @entity548 , and fatal @entity548 stratified by these quintiles. WCM hazard ratios' for @entity64 and fatal @entity548 showed the largest difference between excellent control and poorest control quintile compared with TTR and log INR variability, but not for major @entity548 . In addition, we compared site rankings obtained using each of our 3 performance measures. Kappa scores for identifying outlier and nonoutlier clinics between WCM and its components were moderate (k=0.56 for TTR and k=0.62 for log INR variability) but was weak between TTR and log INR variability (k=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: WCM produces the largest range of risk for @entity1229 complications, widening the floor ceiling effects that limit the use of TTR and INR variability as separate measures. Anticoagulation clinics ranking changed considerably according to the anticoagulation measure that was selected.

title: Improving Anticoagulation Measurement: Novel XXXX Composite Measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were randomized into four groups 24 h before subcutaneous injection of hepatocarcinoma BEL7402 cells suspended in @entity4613 buffered saline (PBS) into the right flank. The control group (n = 10) was fed a standard diet while treatment groups (n = 10 each) were fed a standard daily diet supplemented with different concentrations of @entity18253 (30, 50 and 70 mg/kg per day) for 21 d. @entity5 growth was measured once each week, and @entity5 volume (V) was calculated with the following equation: V = (L * W(2)) * 0.52, where L is the length and W is the width of the xenograft. After 21 d, @entity19 were killed under ether anesthesia, and @entity5 were excised and weighed. Apoptosis was evaluated through detection of DNA fragmentation with gel electrophoresis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins @entity1380 , @entity1379 , @entity49302 , cleaved @entity7349 , and cleaved @entity185 . RESULTS: @entity18253 suppressed @entity5 growth relative to controls. The mean @entity5 volumes were the following: control, 1090    89 mm(3); 30 mg/kg per day, 612    46 mm(3); 50 mg/kg per day, 563    38 mm(3); and 70 mg/kg per day, 221    26 mm(3). @entity5 volumes reached statistical significance relative to control xenografts (30 mg/kg per day, P < 0.05; 50 mg/kg per day, P < 0.05; 70 mg/kg per day, P < 0.01). Increasing concentrations of @entity18253 led to increased DNA fragmentation observed on gel electrophoresis and in the TUNEL assay (control, 1.6%    0.3%; 30 mg/kg per day, 2.9%    0.5%; 50 mg/kg per day, 3.15%    0.7%, and 70 mg/kg per day, 4.86%    0.9%). Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of @entity1380 , @entity49302 , cleaved- @entity7349 and cleaved- @entity185 proteins, which induce apoptosis, but decreased expression of @entity1379 protein, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis, following administration of @entity18253 . CONCLUSION: @entity18253 suppresses growth of BEL7402 @entity157 cells in vivo, in part through apoptosis induction, and is thus a candidate for therapeutic treatment of @entity157 .

title: @entity10055 induces apoptosis in XXXX xenografts in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Decreased tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were randomized into four groups 24 h before subcutaneous injection of hepatocarcinoma BEL7402 cells suspended in @entity4613 buffered saline (PBS) into the right flank. The control group (n = 10) was fed a standard diet while treatment groups (n = 10 each) were fed a standard daily diet supplemented with different concentrations of @entity18253 (30, 50 and 70 mg/kg per day) for 21 d. @entity5 growth was measured once each week, and @entity5 volume (V) was calculated with the following equation: V = (L * W(2)) * 0.52, where L is the length and W is the width of the xenograft. After 21 d, @entity19 were killed under ether anesthesia, and @entity5 were excised and weighed. Apoptosis was evaluated through detection of DNA fragmentation with gel electrophoresis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins @entity1380 , @entity1379 , @entity49302 , cleaved @entity7349 , and cleaved @entity185 . RESULTS: @entity18253 suppressed @entity5 growth relative to controls. The mean @entity5 volumes were the following: control, 1090    89 mm(3); 30 mg/kg per day, 612    46 mm(3); 50 mg/kg per day, 563    38 mm(3); and 70 mg/kg per day, 221    26 mm(3). @entity5 volumes reached statistical significance relative to control xenografts (30 mg/kg per day, P < 0.05; 50 mg/kg per day, P < 0.05; 70 mg/kg per day, P < 0.01). Increasing concentrations of @entity18253 led to increased DNA fragmentation observed on gel electrophoresis and in the TUNEL assay (control, 1.6%    0.3%; 30 mg/kg per day, 2.9%    0.5%; 50 mg/kg per day, 3.15%    0.7%, and 70 mg/kg per day, 4.86%    0.9%). Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of @entity1380 , @entity49302 , cleaved- @entity7349 and cleaved- @entity185 proteins, which induce apoptosis, but decreased expression of @entity1379 protein, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis, following administration of @entity18253 . CONCLUSION: @entity18253 suppresses growth of BEL7402 @entity157 cells in vivo, in part through apoptosis induction, and is thus a candidate for therapeutic treatment of @entity157 .

title: XXXX induces apoptosis in @entity157 xenografts in @entity19 .

answer: @entity10055 :: (MESH:D014580,Chemical) :: ['Ursodeoxycholic acid']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were randomized into four groups 24 h before subcutaneous injection of hepatocarcinoma BEL7402 cells suspended in @entity4613 buffered saline (PBS) into the right flank. The control group (n = 10) was fed a standard diet while treatment groups (n = 10 each) were fed a standard daily diet supplemented with different concentrations of @entity18253 (30, 50 and 70 mg/kg per day) for 21 d. @entity5 growth was measured once each week, and @entity5 volume (V) was calculated with the following equation: V = (L * W(2)) * 0.52, where L is the length and W is the width of the xenograft. After 21 d, @entity19 were killed under ether anesthesia, and @entity5 were excised and weighed. Apoptosis was evaluated through detection of DNA fragmentation with gel electrophoresis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins @entity1380 , @entity1379 , @entity49302 , cleaved @entity7349 , and cleaved @entity185 . RESULTS: @entity18253 suppressed @entity5 growth relative to controls. The mean @entity5 volumes were the following: control, 1090    89 mm(3); 30 mg/kg per day, 612    46 mm(3); 50 mg/kg per day, 563    38 mm(3); and 70 mg/kg per day, 221    26 mm(3). @entity5 volumes reached statistical significance relative to control xenografts (30 mg/kg per day, P < 0.05; 50 mg/kg per day, P < 0.05; 70 mg/kg per day, P < 0.01). Increasing concentrations of @entity18253 led to increased DNA fragmentation observed on gel electrophoresis and in the TUNEL assay (control, 1.6%    0.3%; 30 mg/kg per day, 2.9%    0.5%; 50 mg/kg per day, 3.15%    0.7%, and 70 mg/kg per day, 4.86%    0.9%). Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of @entity1380 , @entity49302 , cleaved- @entity7349 and cleaved- @entity185 proteins, which induce apoptosis, but decreased expression of @entity1379 protein, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis, following administration of @entity18253 . CONCLUSION: @entity18253 suppresses growth of BEL7402 @entity157 cells in vivo, in part through apoptosis induction, and is thus a candidate for therapeutic treatment of @entity157 .

title: @entity10055 induces apoptosis in @entity157 xenografts in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical usefulness of early endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the management of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 entering the emergency department between January 2010 and December 2012 due to acute @entity490 and showing biochemical and/or radiological findings consistent with possible @entity656 were prospectively enrolled. @entity1 were classi   ed as having a low, moderate, or high probability of common bile duct (CBD) stones, according to the established risk strati   cation. Exclusion criteria were: gastrectomy or @entity1 in whom the cause of @entity253 was already identified by ultrasonography. All enrolled @entity1 underwent EUS within 48 h of their admission. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed immediately after EUS only in those cases with proven CBD stones or sludge. The following parameters were investigated: (1) clinical: age, sex, fever; (2) radiological: dilated CBD; and (3) biochemical: @entity648 , @entity6571 , ALT, gGT, @entity3064 , amylase, lipasis, PCR. Association between presence of CBD stone at EUS and the individual predictors were assessed by univariate logistic regression. Predictors significantly associated with CBD stones (P < 0.05) were entered in a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 181 @entity1 with @entity788 were admitted to the emergency department between January 2010 and December 2012. After exclusion criteria a total of 71 @entity1 (38 females, 53.5%, mean age 58    20.12 years, range 27-89 years; 33 males, 46.5%, mean age 65    11.86 years, range 41-91 years) were included in the present study. The probability of CBD stones was considered low in 21 cases (29%), moderate in 26 (37%), and high in the remaining 24 (34%). The 71 @entity1 included in the study underwent EUS, which allowed for a complete evaluation of the target sites in all the cases. The procedure was completed in a mean time of 14.7 min (range 9-34 min), without any notable complications.The overall CBD stone frequency was 44% (31 of 71), with a significant increase from the group at low pretest probability to that at moderate (OR = 5.79, P = 0.01) and high (OR = 4.25, P = 0.03) pretest probability. CONCLUSION: Early EUS in @entity656 allows, if appropriate, immediate endoscopic treatment and significant spare of unnecessary operative procedures thus reducing possible related complications.

title: Early endoscopic ultrasonography in XXXX : A prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['ABP', 'acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: An intrinsic defect in the aortic media in six @entity1 with @entity1614 , who died of @entity65 at an average age of 32 years, has been delineated by correlated morphologic, biochemical, and mechanical studies. The findings in the Marfan aortas have been compared with those in age- and sex-matched controls, who died of unrelated diseases without significant @entity2333 , and in three @entity1 with dissecting @entity439 of non-Marfan origin. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the tensile strength of the aorta in @entity1614 . This finding was correlated by scanning electron microscopy with structural alterations of the medial elastic fibers, including enlarged interlaminar spaces and loss of interlaminar elastic fibrils. No structural alterations were identified in collagen fibers. Biochemical analyses of the aortic media revealed a substantial reduction in aortic @entity2362 content. Furthermore, the @entity13403 content of the isolated @entity2362 was reduced by approximately 50%. No changes were detected in the composition or solubility of the medial collagen. In contrast to Marfan aortas, the @entity2362 and collagen contents of the dissecting @entity439 of non-Marfan origin were similar to those of the controls. These findings suggest that the @entity455 in @entity1614 may be based on a @entity74 affecting @entity2362 fibrillogenesis.

title: XXXX : structural, biochemical, and mechanical studies of the aortic media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity13403 :: ('MESH:D003895', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosine']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications of the disease']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan's syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity791 ( @entity791 ) frequently have @entity294 and @entity353 . We prospectively examined the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts in 22 @entity791 @entity1 , although severe medical problems often precluded full evaluation. Ninety-six percent (21 of 22) lost weight, and 55% (12 of 22) had @entity294 . The mean (+/- SD) @entity353 was 34 +/- 19 lb. @entity6123 was found in 4 of 14 @entity1 , and @entity6122 tests were abnormal in 8 of 14 patients. Mean serum albumin was 3.3 +/- 0.8 g/dl. A significantly diminished plasma @entity4259 level, which can influence immune function, was noted in these @entity791 @entity1 . @entity344 were identified in 45% of @entity1 . Although @entity19603 were more common in the infected group, @entity353 and albumin were similar in those with and without demonstrated @entity281 . Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed that of 15 @entity1 , there were two with @entity2826 , 10 normals, and three with nonspecific @entity1960 . Infection was documented in all @entity1 with @entity1960 . Panendoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was positive for @entity791 -related pathology in five of 10 @entity1 , including two with @entity2826 , one with @entity2910 , one with @entity2910 , and one with @entity10189 (biopsy positive for cryptosporidia); five @entity1 had a normal-appearing tract. Small bowel or colonic biopsies frequently showed nonspecific inflammatory changes, although pathogens were identified in six @entity1 (27% of all biopsies). We conclude that a wide variety of @entity344 , which includes @entity5 , and inflammatory changes, may occur in @entity791 @entity1 . Therefore, @entity791 @entity1 , particularly those with @entity294 or @entity353 , deserve an intensive evaluation for remediable lesions of their gastrointestinal tracts.

title: Gastrointestinal manifestations of the XXXX : a review of 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infectious agents, neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['Steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic esophagitis', 'Candida esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal pathology', 'Gastrointestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'endoscopic changes of colitis']

entities_list: @entity19603 :: ('MESH:C563673', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea and malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: Case-control studies have linked mobile phone use to an increased risk of @entity11 in the most exposed brain areas, the temporal and parietal lobes, although inconsistently. We examined time trends in the incidence rates of @entity75 in New Zealand from 1995 to 2010. Methods: Data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry was used to calculate incidence rates of primary @entity1313 , by age, gender, morphology and anatomical site. Log-linear regression analysis was used to assess trends in the annual incidence of primary @entity1313 ; annual percentage changes and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: No consistent increases in all primary @entity1313 , @entity11 , or temporal or parietal lobe @entity11 were seen. At ages 10-69, the incidence of all @entity1313 declined significantly. Incidence of @entity11 increased at ages over 70. Conclusion: In New Zealand, there has been no consistent increase in incidence rates of primary @entity1313 . An increase in @entity11 at ages over 70 is likely to be due to improvements in diagnosis. As with any such studies, a small effect, or one with a latent period of more than 10 to 15 years, cannot be excluded.

title: Trends in incidence of primary XXXX in New Zealand, 1995 to 2010.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer', 'brain cancers']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defibrillation testing by induction and termination of @entity2224 is widely done at the time of implantation of @entity737 ( @entity737 ). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity1479 implantation without defibrillation testing versus the standard of @entity1479 implantation with defibrillation testing. METHODS: In this single-blind, randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority trial (Shockless IMPLant Evaluation [SIMPLE]), we recruited @entity1 aged older than 18 years receiving their first @entity1479 for standard indications at 85 hospitals in 18 countries worldwide. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, awaiting transplantation, particpation in another randomised trial, unavailability for follow-up, or if it was expected that the @entity1479 would have to be implanted on the right-hand side of the chest. @entity1 undergoing initial implantation of a Boston Scientific @entity1479 were randomly assigned (1:1) using a computer-generated sequence to have either defibrillation testing (testing group) or not (no-testing group). We used random block sizes to conceal treatment allocation from the @entity1 , and randomisation was stratified by clinical centre. Our primary efficacy analysis tested the intention-to-treat population for non-inferiority of no-testing versus testing by use of a composite outcome of @entity204 or failed appropriate shock (ie, a shock that did not terminate a spontaneous episode of @entity2224 ). The non-inferiority margin was a hazard ratio (HR) of 1  5 calculated from a proportional hazards model with no-testing versus testing as the only covariate; if the upper bound of the 95% CI was less than 1  5, we concluded that @entity1479 insertion without testing was non-inferior to @entity1479 with testing. We examined safety with two, 30 day, adverse event outcome clusters. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00800384. FINDINGS: Between Jan 13, 2009, and April 4, 2011, of 2500 eligible @entity1 , 1253 were randomly assigned to defibrillation testing and 1247 to no-testing, and followed up for a mean of 3  1 years (SD 1  0). The primary outcome of @entity204 or failed appropriate shock occurred in fewer @entity1 (90 [7% per year]) in the no-testing group than @entity1 who did receive it (104 [8% per year]; HR 0  86, 95% CI 0  65-1  14; pnon-inferiority <0  0001). The first safety composite outcome occurred in 69 (5  6%) of 1236 @entity1 with no-testing and in 81 (6  5%) of 1242 @entity1 with defibrillation testing, p=0  33. The second, pre-specified safety composite outcome, which included only events most likely to be directly caused by testing, occurred in 3  2% of @entity1 with no-testing and in 4  5% with defibrillation testing, p=0  08. @entity712 needing intravenous treatment with inotropes or diuretics was the most common adverse event (in 20 [2%] of 1236 @entity1 in the no-testing group vs 28 [2%] of 1242 @entity1 in the testing group, p=0  25). INTERPRETATION: Routine defibrillation testing at the time of @entity1479 implantation is generally well tolerated, but does not improve shock efficacy or reduce @entity204 . FUNDING: Boston Scientific and the Heart and @entity64 Foundation (Ontario Provincial office).

title: Cardioverter defibrillator implantation without induction of XXXX : a single-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial (SIMPLE).

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: AIMS: The aim was to compare @entity299 to native @entity731 by near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity731 (non-transplant) @entity1 and 28 heart transplant recipients undergoing routine surveillance coronary angiography underwent NIRS-IVUS imaging of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In each proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery segment, the maxLCBI4mm [4-mm long segment with maximum lipid core burden index (LCBI)] and corresponding IVUS parameters were compared. MaxLCBI4mm was significantly greater among @entity731 @entity1 than the transplant @entity1 in both proximal and middle coronary artery segments, but not in the distal segment. There was a positive linear correlation between maxLCBI4mm and maximum plaque burden in both groups, but @entity731 @entity1 demonstrated a smaller maxLCBI4mm than transplant recipients among segments with plaque burden <40%. Among segments with a maximum plaque burden >= 40%, native- @entity731 @entity1 had a greater maxLCBI4mm compared with transplant @entity1 (P = 0.015). Calcification was present in 72.9% of native @entity731 and 14.7% of transplant segments (P< 0.001). Among the 165 analysed segments, prevalence of lipid-rich plaque (LRP) with superficial attenuation (30.9 vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001) or calcified LRP (13.6 vs. 2.4%, P = 0.03) was significantly greater in native @entity731 compared with transplant @entity1 . Conversely, the proportion of segments with non-LRP (46.4 vs. 11.1%, P < 0.001) was higher in transplant @entity1 . CONCLUSION: NIRS-IVUS imaging demonstrated early and accelerated lipid accumulation with smaller plaque burden and less @entity460 in @entity1 after heart transplant when compared with @entity1 with native @entity731 .

title: In vivo comparison between XXXX and native @entity731 using near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac allograft vasculopathy']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac allograft vasculopathy']


abstract: AIMS: The aim was to compare @entity299 to native @entity731 by near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity731 (non-transplant) @entity1 and 28 heart transplant recipients undergoing routine surveillance coronary angiography underwent NIRS-IVUS imaging of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In each proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery segment, the maxLCBI4mm [4-mm long segment with maximum lipid core burden index (LCBI)] and corresponding IVUS parameters were compared. MaxLCBI4mm was significantly greater among @entity731 @entity1 than the transplant @entity1 in both proximal and middle coronary artery segments, but not in the distal segment. There was a positive linear correlation between maxLCBI4mm and maximum plaque burden in both groups, but @entity731 @entity1 demonstrated a smaller maxLCBI4mm than transplant recipients among segments with plaque burden <40%. Among segments with a maximum plaque burden >= 40%, native- @entity731 @entity1 had a greater maxLCBI4mm compared with transplant @entity1 (P = 0.015). Calcification was present in 72.9% of native @entity731 and 14.7% of transplant segments (P< 0.001). Among the 165 analysed segments, prevalence of lipid-rich plaque (LRP) with superficial attenuation (30.9 vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001) or calcified LRP (13.6 vs. 2.4%, P = 0.03) was significantly greater in native @entity731 compared with transplant @entity1 . Conversely, the proportion of segments with non-LRP (46.4 vs. 11.1%, P < 0.001) was higher in transplant @entity1 . CONCLUSION: NIRS-IVUS imaging demonstrated early and accelerated lipid accumulation with smaller plaque burden and less @entity460 in @entity1 after heart transplant when compared with @entity1 with native @entity731 .

title: In vivo comparison between @entity299 and native XXXX using near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract in treatment of @entity9292 (LIFT) is being said to have satisfactory results in short and long follow up, with low risk of complications. This study was designed to evaluate the results in @entity1 with complex and recurrent @entity292 in comparison with simple transsphincteric @entity9292 . The aim of the study was to present a single-center experience in LIFT procedure in treatment of both @entity9292 , including recurrent @entity292 , in comparison with a review of current literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of 17 @entity1 were qualified to LIFT procedure. 5 @entity1 were treated for simple transsphincteric, 6 for complex @entity292 , 6 with @entity292 recurrent after fistulotomy. Median age was 47, most of the @entity1 were male (16/17). Mean follow up was 11 months. RESULTS: Mean operating time was 55 minutes counting from surgical site disinfection to final dressing of the wound. Of the 17 @entity1 the overall success rate was 53%. As expected, best results were achieved in @entity1 with simple @entity292 (80% success rate), then complex (50%), and recurrent @entity292 (only 33%). There were no early nor late complications of the surgery. CONCLUSION: As expected, in simple transsphincteric @entity292 the results were satisfactory, taking into account low complication rate. Complex and recurrent @entity292 seem to be risk factors of LIFT failure. The results are consistent with data published by other authors, based on the review of the current literature, and it seems there is still room for improvement, so further research is required.

title: Efficacy of lift (ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract) for complex and recurrent XXXX --a single-center experience and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['simple and complex anal fistulas', 'anal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['anal fistulas']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6817 use has been associated with increased risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM), and with impaired glycemic control in T2DM @entity1 . The association between @entity6817 use and glycemic control in @entity164 1 @entity6 (T1DM) is unknown. The association between use of statins and glycemic control in T1DM @entity1 without known @entity299 was examined. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1093 T1DM @entity1 from the outpatient clinic at Steno @entity6 Center. Physical examination, questionnaires, and echocardiography were performed in all @entity1 . Investigators were blinded to all laboratory measurements. Data were analyzed in uni-and multivariable models. RESULTS: Mean age 49.6 years, 53% @entity1 , mean @entity6 duration 25.5 years, 475 (43.5%) received @entity6817 . In baseline analyses @entity6817 users tended to be older, have longer @entity6 duration, and have more severe @entity8 . Left ventricular ejection fraction was not associated with @entity6817 use. In multivariable models including age, gender, @entity6 duration, BMI, blood pressure, physical activity, family history of @entity65 , physical activity, @entity633 , @entity470 , @entity989 , smoking, @entity165 , ejection fraction, @entity1674 , and use of @entity1289 /ATII-antagonists, @entity117 , @entity460 -antagonists, betablockers or diuretics, @entity6817 use was independently and significantly associated with higher HbA1c (0.2% (95%CI: 0.1; 0.4) (2.0mmol/mol (0.2; 3.8)), p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: In T1DM, use of statins is independently associated with impaired glycemic control. A causal relationship cannot be determined from this study. Given the benefit on cardiovascular outcome, this should not cause @entity1 to stop @entity6817 treatment, but may indicate a need to revisit dose of insulin when starting @entity6817 treatment.

title: Statins are independently associated with increased HbA1c in XXXX 1 @entity6 - The Thousand _ 1 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6817 :: ('D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Statin', 'statin', 'statins']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6817 use has been associated with increased risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM), and with impaired glycemic control in T2DM @entity1 . The association between @entity6817 use and glycemic control in @entity164 1 @entity6 (T1DM) is unknown. The association between use of statins and glycemic control in T1DM @entity1 without known @entity299 was examined. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1093 T1DM @entity1 from the outpatient clinic at Steno @entity6 Center. Physical examination, questionnaires, and echocardiography were performed in all @entity1 . Investigators were blinded to all laboratory measurements. Data were analyzed in uni-and multivariable models. RESULTS: Mean age 49.6 years, 53% @entity1 , mean @entity6 duration 25.5 years, 475 (43.5%) received @entity6817 . In baseline analyses @entity6817 users tended to be older, have longer @entity6 duration, and have more severe @entity8 . Left ventricular ejection fraction was not associated with @entity6817 use. In multivariable models including age, gender, @entity6 duration, BMI, blood pressure, physical activity, family history of @entity65 , physical activity, @entity633 , @entity470 , @entity989 , smoking, @entity165 , ejection fraction, @entity1674 , and use of @entity1289 /ATII-antagonists, @entity117 , @entity460 -antagonists, betablockers or diuretics, @entity6817 use was independently and significantly associated with higher HbA1c (0.2% (95%CI: 0.1; 0.4) (2.0mmol/mol (0.2; 3.8)), p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: In T1DM, use of statins is independently associated with impaired glycemic control. A causal relationship cannot be determined from this study. Given the benefit on cardiovascular outcome, this should not cause @entity1 to stop @entity6817 treatment, but may indicate a need to revisit dose of insulin when starting @entity6817 treatment.

title: Statins are independently associated with increased HbA1c in @entity164 1 XXXX - The Thousand _ 1 Study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 is a prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity712 , but whether @entity414 level can predict clinical outcome of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) remains to be elucidated. We therefore investigated the association of @entity414 with mortality in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 .Methods   and   Results:Data for @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 were drawn from an intramural registry. Biochemistry data, echocardiographic characteristics, and @entity414 level were collected. National Death Registry was linked for the identification of mortality data. Among a total of 1,835 @entity1 (age, 75  13 years, 68% @entity1 ), 794 @entity1 died during follow-up. @entity1 who died were older, had lower hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, NT-proBNP, and @entity414 . @entity414 was a significant predictor of mortality on univariate analysis (HR @entity307 SD, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.11-1.26) and in multivariate Cox models (HR, 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02-1.29). Survival analysis showed an increasing risk of @entity204 along the quartile distribution of @entity414 level. Given renal function, cardiac performance, and kidney perfusion as major determinants of @entity5052 , the prognostic impact of @entity414 level was diminished as renal function deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity414 level was an independent predictor of mortality in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 , but the prognostic impact of @entity5052 was @entity177 .

title: Determinants and Prognostic Impact of @entity5052 in Hospitalization for Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['AHF', 'chronic heart failure', 'acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated by worsening renal function']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid', 'uric acid']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 is a prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity712 , but whether @entity414 level can predict clinical outcome of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) remains to be elucidated. We therefore investigated the association of @entity414 with mortality in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 .Methods   and   Results:Data for @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 were drawn from an intramural registry. Biochemistry data, echocardiographic characteristics, and @entity414 level were collected. National Death Registry was linked for the identification of mortality data. Among a total of 1,835 @entity1 (age, 75  13 years, 68% @entity1 ), 794 @entity1 died during follow-up. @entity1 who died were older, had lower hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, NT-proBNP, and @entity414 . @entity414 was a significant predictor of mortality on univariate analysis (HR @entity307 SD, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.11-1.26) and in multivariate Cox models (HR, 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02-1.29). Survival analysis showed an increasing risk of @entity204 along the quartile distribution of @entity414 level. Given renal function, cardiac performance, and kidney perfusion as major determinants of @entity5052 , the prognostic impact of @entity414 level was diminished as renal function deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity414 level was an independent predictor of mortality in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 , but the prognostic impact of @entity5052 was @entity177 .

title: Determinants and Prognostic Impact of XXXX in Hospitalization for Acute @entity712 .

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['Hyperuricemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: miRNAs play crucial roles in @entity1 tumourigenesis. This study was performed to measure expression and function of @entity71694 in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of @entity71694 in breast tissues and cell lines (SK-BR-3, DA-MB-435s, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, HBL-100) was measured by using real-time RT-PCR. We restored expression of @entity71694 in MCF-7 cells to measure its functional roles. Luciferase assays were performed to reveal the target gene of @entity71694 . RESULTS: Expression of @entity71694 was high in both @entity0 cell lines and specimens, and its overexpression increased @entity0 cell proliferation and invasion. @entity26242 ( @entity26242 ) is a direct target of @entity71694 and overexpression of @entity71694 reduced expression of @entity26242 . Moreover, @entity26242 was repressed, its levels inversely correlated to @entity71694 expression. @entity26242 rescued @entity71694 -induced cell invasion and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity71694 @entity5 effect was achieved by targeting @entity26242 in @entity1 @entity0 specimens.

title: microRNA-762 promotes XXXX cell proliferation and invasion by targeting @entity26242 expression.

entities_list: @entity26242 :: ('3665', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon regulatory factor 7', 'IRF7']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: miRNAs play crucial roles in @entity1 tumourigenesis. This study was performed to measure expression and function of @entity71694 in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of @entity71694 in breast tissues and cell lines (SK-BR-3, DA-MB-435s, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, HBL-100) was measured by using real-time RT-PCR. We restored expression of @entity71694 in MCF-7 cells to measure its functional roles. Luciferase assays were performed to reveal the target gene of @entity71694 . RESULTS: Expression of @entity71694 was high in both @entity0 cell lines and specimens, and its overexpression increased @entity0 cell proliferation and invasion. @entity26242 ( @entity26242 ) is a direct target of @entity71694 and overexpression of @entity71694 reduced expression of @entity26242 . Moreover, @entity26242 was repressed, its levels inversely correlated to @entity71694 expression. @entity26242 rescued @entity71694 -induced cell invasion and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity71694 @entity5 effect was achieved by targeting @entity26242 in @entity1 @entity0 specimens.

title: microRNA-762 promotes @entity0 cell proliferation and invasion by targeting XXXX expression.

answer: @entity26242 :: (3665,Gene) :: ['IRF7']


abstract: @entity7800 gene, playing an essential role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation, may influence @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity170 , but the genetic variations actually leading to the association remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the genetic variants in @entity7800 are associated with @entity79 and @entity174 risk. This study was performed in three samples from two ethnicities, including 1,300 Chinese Han subjects, 700 Chinese Han subjects (350 with @entity173 and 350 healthy controls) and 2,286 US white subjects. Twenty-eight SNPs in @entity7800 were genotyped and tested for associations with hip @entity79 and @entity174 . We identified 3 SNPs in @entity7800 significantly associated with hip @entity79 in the Chinese population after multiple testing adjustments, which were @entity71695 (P = 1.06*10-4, b: -0.018 for allele C), @entity71696 (P = 1.30*10-4, b: -0.018 for allele T), and @entity71697 (P = 1.59*10-3, b: -0.015 for allele C), separately. These three SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium. Haplotype analyses detected two significantly associated haplotypes, including one haplotype in block 2 (P = 9.54*10-4, b: -0.016) where these three SNPs located. SNP @entity71697 was also associated with @entity173 (P = 0.043, OR: 1.42) in the Chinese population. The effect on @entity174 risk was consistent with its association with lower @entity79 . However, in the white population, we didn't observe significant associations with hip @entity79 . eQTL analyses revealed that SNPs associated with @entity79 also affected @entity7800 mRNA expression levels in Chinese. Our findings, together with the prior biological evidence, suggest that @entity7800 could be a new candidate for @entity170 in Chinese population. Our results also reveal an ethnic difference, which highlights the need for further genetic studies in each ethnic group.

title: Genetic Analysis Identifies XXXX as a Novel Gene Affecting Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporotic Fractures in Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic hip fractures', 'hip fractures']

answer: @entity7800 :: (4921,Gene) :: ['DDR2']


abstract: Promotora Effectiveness Versus @entity2449 Trial ( @entity3918 ) is a randomized comparative effectiveness trial of a lifestyle intervention based on the @entity6 Prevention Program delivered by community health workers (or promotoras), @entity2449 , and standard care. Eligibility criteria are Hispanic ethnicity, female sex, age>= 20years, fluent Spanish-speaking status, BMI >= 23kg/m(2), and @entity5710 . We enrolled 92 @entity1 and randomized them to one of the following three groups: standard care, DPP-based lifestyle intervention, or @entity2449 . The primary outcome of the trial is the 12-month difference in weight between groups. Secondary outcomes include the following cardiometabolic markers: BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting plasma @entity413 , hemoglobin @entity3916 (HbA1c), total @entity165 , @entity1674 , LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and insulin. @entity3918 @entity1 are socioeconomically disadvantaged Latinas with a mean annual household income of  15,527  9922 and educational attainment of 9.7  3.6years. Eighty-six percent of @entity1 are foreign born, 20% have a prior history of gestational @entity6 , and 71% have a first-degree relative with diagnosed @entity6 . At baseline, @entity3918 @entity1 had a mean age of 45.1  12.5years, weight of 178.8  39.3lbs, BMI of 33.3  6.5kg/m(2), HbA1c of 5.9  0.2%, and waist circumference of 97.4  11.1cm. Mean baseline levels of other cardiometabolic markers were normal. The @entity3918 study successfully recruited and randomized an understudied population of Latinas with @entity5710 . This trial will be the first U.S. study to test the comparative effectiveness of @entity2449 and lifestyle intervention versus standard care among prediabetic adults in a "real-world" setting.

title: The rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of @entity3918 : A community-based comparative effectiveness trial of lifestyle intervention and XXXX among Latinas with @entity5710 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: Promotora Effectiveness Versus @entity2449 Trial ( @entity3918 ) is a randomized comparative effectiveness trial of a lifestyle intervention based on the @entity6 Prevention Program delivered by community health workers (or promotoras), @entity2449 , and standard care. Eligibility criteria are Hispanic ethnicity, female sex, age>= 20years, fluent Spanish-speaking status, BMI >= 23kg/m(2), and @entity5710 . We enrolled 92 @entity1 and randomized them to one of the following three groups: standard care, DPP-based lifestyle intervention, or @entity2449 . The primary outcome of the trial is the 12-month difference in weight between groups. Secondary outcomes include the following cardiometabolic markers: BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting plasma @entity413 , hemoglobin @entity3916 (HbA1c), total @entity165 , @entity1674 , LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and insulin. @entity3918 @entity1 are socioeconomically disadvantaged Latinas with a mean annual household income of  15,527  9922 and educational attainment of 9.7  3.6years. Eighty-six percent of @entity1 are foreign born, 20% have a prior history of gestational @entity6 , and 71% have a first-degree relative with diagnosed @entity6 . At baseline, @entity3918 @entity1 had a mean age of 45.1  12.5years, weight of 178.8  39.3lbs, BMI of 33.3  6.5kg/m(2), HbA1c of 5.9  0.2%, and waist circumference of 97.4  11.1cm. Mean baseline levels of other cardiometabolic markers were normal. The @entity3918 study successfully recruited and randomized an understudied population of Latinas with @entity5710 . This trial will be the first U.S. study to test the comparative effectiveness of @entity2449 and lifestyle intervention versus standard care among prediabetic adults in a "real-world" setting.

title: The rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of @entity3918 : A community-based comparative effectiveness trial of lifestyle intervention and @entity2449 among Latinas with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: Promotora Effectiveness Versus @entity2449 Trial ( @entity3918 ) is a randomized comparative effectiveness trial of a lifestyle intervention based on the @entity6 Prevention Program delivered by community health workers (or promotoras), @entity2449 , and standard care. Eligibility criteria are Hispanic ethnicity, female sex, age>= 20years, fluent Spanish-speaking status, BMI >= 23kg/m(2), and @entity5710 . We enrolled 92 @entity1 and randomized them to one of the following three groups: standard care, DPP-based lifestyle intervention, or @entity2449 . The primary outcome of the trial is the 12-month difference in weight between groups. Secondary outcomes include the following cardiometabolic markers: BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting plasma @entity413 , hemoglobin @entity3916 (HbA1c), total @entity165 , @entity1674 , LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and insulin. @entity3918 @entity1 are socioeconomically disadvantaged Latinas with a mean annual household income of  15,527  9922 and educational attainment of 9.7  3.6years. Eighty-six percent of @entity1 are foreign born, 20% have a prior history of gestational @entity6 , and 71% have a first-degree relative with diagnosed @entity6 . At baseline, @entity3918 @entity1 had a mean age of 45.1  12.5years, weight of 178.8  39.3lbs, BMI of 33.3  6.5kg/m(2), HbA1c of 5.9  0.2%, and waist circumference of 97.4  11.1cm. Mean baseline levels of other cardiometabolic markers were normal. The @entity3918 study successfully recruited and randomized an understudied population of Latinas with @entity5710 . This trial will be the first U.S. study to test the comparative effectiveness of @entity2449 and lifestyle intervention versus standard care among prediabetic adults in a "real-world" setting.

title: The rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of XXXX : A community-based comparative effectiveness trial of lifestyle intervention and @entity2449 among Latinas with @entity5710 .

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['PREVENT-DM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracranial @entity733 are rare among transplant recipients, and @entity7180 is responsible for less than 2  % of them. @entity7180 , a @entity281 and is difficult to treat. @entity281 involves lungs and eventually disseminates. Primary nocardial @entity733 are rare and we report a case from @entity3595 Lanka. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38  year old @entity3595 Lankan, who has received his 2nd @entity6910 matched live donor transplantation, which was complicated with perinephric @entity1410 and @entity400 . He presented with @entity221 , worsening @entity10 and @entity1829 . An urgent magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed an occipital abscess with midline shift. Craniotomy and drainage followed by 3  week course of @entity2892 and @entity5553 , which rendered him symptom free. After 12  months he has stayed recurrence free. Imaging and bacteriology of the respiratory tract failed to demonstrate @entity7180 . CONCLUSION: Isolated (Primary) nocardial @entity867 are rare, and have an excellent response to medical therapy. We achieved a good response from a relatively short course of antibiotics (not using @entity13135 , due to @entity566 ), where long courses of antibiotic had been the norm.

title: "Primary" nocardial XXXX in a renal transplant patient.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity7180 :: ('MESH:D009617', 'Disease') :: ['Nocardia', 'Nocardia infection', 'Nocardiosis']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection', 'Primary infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['massive transfusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['brain abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ) is a @entity74 particularly common in Dachshunds. The breed is predisposed to early @entity1797 and @entity730 ( @entity730 ). When calcified, these severely degenerated discs are visible in spinal radiographs. Since the @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) is associated with @entity1798 , spinal radiography can be utilized in screening programmes in attempts to diminish the incidence of @entity1798 in Dachshunds. Our aims were to estimate the heritability and genetic trend of @entity1797 in Dachshunds in Finland and to explore the effect of age at the time of radiographic screening. Since the @entity1797 has a highly skewed distribution, a log-transformed @entity1797 (lnNCD) was also used as an analysed trait. The variance components for both traits were estimated, using the restricted maximum likelihood method. The fixed effects of breed variant, sex, as well as year of screening and the random effects of litter and animal were included in the model. The genetic trends in the @entity1797 and lnNCD were assessed from the estimated breeding values (EBVs) of individual @entity235 by comparing the mean EBV of @entity235 born in different years. The breeding values were estimated, using the best linear unbiased prediction animal model. The pedigree in the genetic analyses included a total of 9027 @entity235 , of which 1567 showed results for NCDs. RESULTS: The heritability estimates of the @entity1797 and lnNCD in Dachshunds were high (0.53 and 0.45, respectively). Small genetic improvements were seen as the mean EBVs increased from 100 to 104 and 105 over a 15-year period. The gain in the entire Dachshund population in Finland may differ from that observed, since less than 10 % of the Dachshunds registered have a screening result for @entity1797 . Age at the time of the screening did not significantly affect the @entity1797 or lnNCD. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend systematic radiographic screening for @entity730 in Dachshunds and adopting EBVs as a tool for selecting breeding @entity235 . Age at the time of the radiographic screening may not be as important as previously suggested.

title: Estimate of heritability and genetic trend of XXXX in Dachshunds in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['NCD', 'number of calcified discs', 'intervertebral disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'intervertebral disc calcification']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary condition']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['Intervertebral disc disease', 'IDD']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc calcification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery is a novel technique that can be used to avoid bowel resection for complex @entity1586 that are not amenable to colonoscopic resection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and outcomes of combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery for complex @entity1586 . DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review of consecutive combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgeries. SETTING: This study was conducted at a single institution. @entity1 : All @entity1 that underwent combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery for a @entity1586 at our center from October 2009 to October 2013 were followed. Each @entity1 's lesion was assessed by a therapeutic endoscopist before referral for combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery, and was deemed unresectable based on size, broad base, or location of the polyp. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraoperative and @entity260 , length of hospital stay, and recurrence were the primary outcomes measured. RESULTS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 underwent combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery. Twenty (66.7%) @entity1 underwent laparoscopic-assisted colonoscopic polyp excision (10 of these excisions were facilitated by Endoloop placement at the polyp base), 9 (30%) @entity1 underwent colonoscopic-assisted laparoscopic cecectomy, and 1 (3.3%) @entity1 was converted from a colonoscopic-assisted laparoscopic cecectomy to a laparoscopic ileocolic resection. The median length of hospital stay was 2 days (range, 1-16). Twenty-nine (96.7%) of the final pathology results were benign, with 10 (33.3%) showing high-grade @entity1141 . One (3.3%) final pathology result was positive for a well-differentiated @entity420 . This @entity1 subsequently underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and chemotherapy for node-positive disease. One (3.3%) @entity1 experienced a recurrent benign polyp at the previous excision site, which was removed by colonoscopy. The time to detection of recurrence was 274 days. LIMITATIONS: This study looked at a small group of @entity1 , over a short follow-up period. However, all consecutive @entity1 were captured, and there were no losses to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery for complex benign @entity1586 is a safe procedure, with good clinical outcomes and low recurrence rates.

title: Dynamic article: combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery for complex XXXX : postoperative outcomes and video demonstration of 3 key operative techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps', 'colonic polyps', 'complex colonic polyp']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the perception and satisfaction of @entity5 screening by Visual Inspection with @entity1543 (VIA) in Meknes-Tafilalet Region among target @entity1 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using face-to-face interviews with @entity1 , routinely attending health centers, who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to report data. RESULTS: A total of 324 @entity1 were included in the study. Results revealed @entity5 (19.6  %) and a very high acceptability of VIA screening (94.5  %). Of the 306 @entity1 screened, 99  % stated that they would recommend the VIA testing to their friends and female relatives. All those @entity1 who were screened negative expressed their intent to repeat the test every three years. Those found VIA positive affirmed they would perform confirmatory explorations. The majority (96.3  %) of the @entity1 believed that screening by VIA could save their lives; @entity5 was a concern for 98.6  %; and only 11.6  % felt anxious about repeating the VIA test. The majority of @entity1 (98.6  %) were satisfied with the service received at the health center. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the @entity1 had a strong perception about @entity5 screening and were willing to have further confirmation or future retests.

title: Perception and satisfaction of @entity5 screening by Visual Inspection with XXXX (VIA) at Meknes-Tafilalet Region, Morocco: a population-based cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low awareness about cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['Acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the perception and satisfaction of @entity5 screening by Visual Inspection with @entity1543 (VIA) in Meknes-Tafilalet Region among target @entity1 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using face-to-face interviews with @entity1 , routinely attending health centers, who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to report data. RESULTS: A total of 324 @entity1 were included in the study. Results revealed @entity5 (19.6  %) and a very high acceptability of VIA screening (94.5  %). Of the 306 @entity1 screened, 99  % stated that they would recommend the VIA testing to their friends and female relatives. All those @entity1 who were screened negative expressed their intent to repeat the test every three years. Those found VIA positive affirmed they would perform confirmatory explorations. The majority (96.3  %) of the @entity1 believed that screening by VIA could save their lives; @entity5 was a concern for 98.6  %; and only 11.6  % felt anxious about repeating the VIA test. The majority of @entity1 (98.6  %) were satisfied with the service received at the health center. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the @entity1 had a strong perception about @entity5 screening and were willing to have further confirmation or future retests.

title: Perception and satisfaction of XXXX screening by Visual Inspection with @entity1543 (VIA) at Meknes-Tafilalet Region, Morocco: a population-based cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the association of nailfold capillaroscopy, heart rate variability (HRV), and clinical characteristics of @entity726 with the plasma @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) level in normal-tension @entity726 (NTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study on 25 @entity1 with NTG. Subjects with systemic diseases were excluded. The @entity1 underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and were referred to the Rheumatology Department, where nailfold capillaroscopy and HRV assessment were performed. The @entity1 were assigned to the lowest and highest HRV groups according to the standard deviation value of the qualified normal-to-normal intervals of the HRV assessment. Blood samples from all the subjects were assayed for @entity1495 concentrations. RESULTS: The systemic @entity1495 level was significantly associated with the nailfold capillaroscopy result (     =   0.439, p   =   0.032). Of the 25 @entity1 , seven had @entity548 ( @entity548 ). The mean @entity1495 concentration was 4375.6        2923.2   pg/ml in @entity548 @entity1 and 5932.1        1265.4   pg/ml in @entity1 without @entity548 . However, there was no significant association of HRV parameters or disc @entity548 with the systemic @entity1495 level. CONCLUSIONS: The systemic @entity1495 level was associated with the nailfold capillaroscopy results in @entity1 with NTG but had no direct association with @entity548 .

title: The Association of Nailfold Capillaroscopy with Systemic XXXX Concentration in Normal-Tension Glaucoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'ODH', 'optic disc hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['Matrix Metalloproteinase-9']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parasitism of the gastrointestinal tract of @entity291 leads to diminished health and productivity of grazing livestock. Anthelmintics are used to decrease parasite loads in @entity291 for improved @entity1017 . This critical review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the magnitude of the effect of use of anthelmintic products on production metrics in beef stocker @entity291 . Four databases were searched in March 2013. Eligible studies compared average daily gain (ADG), or @entity1017 in stocker @entity291 in northern climates of the United States that received anthelmintic treatments compared with placebo or an alternative anthelmintic treatment. Study results were extracted, and where possible, summary effect measures were calculated. Of 512 citations identified by the search, 9 manuscripts with 23 relevant individual studies were selected. Risk of bias was assessed for all studies included in the review and assessed to be unclear for the majority of the studies. There were 23 studies that assessed the magnitude of effect of anthelmintic use on ADG (summary mean difference in ADG=0.05kg (50g), 95% CI=0.03-0.07kg, p<0.00001). The magnitude of @entity1017 associated with anthelmintic use could not be assessed, as measures of precision (standard errors or standard deviations) were not reported in these studies. Overall, the conclusion was made that anthelmintic use is associated with an increased @entity1017 . However, the approach to reporting employed by authors for this type of study means that many studies could not be included in the meta-analysis and the magnitude of effect not determined.

title: A critical review and meta-analysis of the magnitude of the effect of anthelmintic use on stocker XXXX production parameters in Northern US States.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) are rare and comprise only 5-10% of @entity7026 . The concentration of eloquent neurological systems and the high rate of @entity548 presentation of AVMs particularly in this location complicate the management of such lesions. New therapeutic options, especially in endovascular neurosurgery, have fundamentally modified the strategy and, also, the outcome of cerebellar AVMs. Between 1995 and 2013, demographic, clinical and angiographic data of cerebral AVMs have been prospectively collected. We analyzed data of @entity1 treated for a cerebellar @entity2758 , focusing on the angiographic anatomy. Fifty-nine @entity1 (mean age : 35years, male to female ratio : 2) were consecutively treated for a cerebellar @entity2758 . 81.4% of them presented @entity548 at admission. 20 AVMs (33.9%) were in eloquent areas. The Spetzler-Martin grade was I or II in 36 cases (51%). An associated @entity439 was noted in more than 40% of cases and a @entity1211 in 70%. The vast majority of cases of this series presented an anatomical risk factor of @entity548 . @entity1 with cerebellar AVMs presented with @entity548 more often than @entity1 with supratentorial AVMs, justifying an aggressive management. The analysis of angio-architecture highlighted the high rate of associated @entity439 that could explain the tendency to bleed of such lesion.

title: Anatomic and angiographic findings of cerebellar XXXX : Report of a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral AVM']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['AVM', 'Cerebellar arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm and/or venous drainage anomalies', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous drainage anomaly']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: We have made a preliminary assessment of the antitumor activity of the @entity369 analog, @entity7203 , in leukemic @entity19 . This analog is known to substitute for @entity369 in protein biosynthesis in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Previous studies with cells grown in vitro indicated that @entity7204 caused a marked inhibition of DNA synthesis and viability. The system used in the present study was C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F @entity19 bearing L1210 leukemic cells. Following an i.v. injection of 10 mg @entity7204 , the @entity7005 of @entity7204 in the serum was estimated at 16 min. This finding suggested that frequent injections of high doses of @entity7204 would be required for an effect on @entity5 cell proliferation. DNA synthesis by the L1210 cells, assayed by @entity665 incorporation, fell to 9% of the control value after 12 hourly i.p. injections of @entity7204 (20 mg each). A constant s.c. infusion of 20 mg/hr for 24 hr caused an 86% inhibition of DNA synthesis. The antitumor activity of @entity7204 was tested against L1210, using a 24-hr infusion schedule with treatment starting 24 hr after i.p. inoculation of 10(5) cells. An optimal dose of 18 g/kg body weight produced a median increased lifespan of 44% (p less than 0.005). These results suggest that @entity7203 may be useful as an antitumor agent.

title: Antitumor activity of XXXX against L1210 @entity19 leukemia.

entities_list: @entity7204 :: ('CHEBI:609827', 'Chemical') :: ['canavanine']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity7203 :: ('CHEBI:405237', 'Chemical') :: ['L-canavanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity7203 :: (CHEBI:405237,Chemical) :: ['L-canavanine']


abstract: We have made a preliminary assessment of the antitumor activity of the @entity369 analog, @entity7203 , in leukemic @entity19 . This analog is known to substitute for @entity369 in protein biosynthesis in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Previous studies with cells grown in vitro indicated that @entity7204 caused a marked inhibition of DNA synthesis and viability. The system used in the present study was C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F @entity19 bearing L1210 leukemic cells. Following an i.v. injection of 10 mg @entity7204 , the @entity7005 of @entity7204 in the serum was estimated at 16 min. This finding suggested that frequent injections of high doses of @entity7204 would be required for an effect on @entity5 cell proliferation. DNA synthesis by the L1210 cells, assayed by @entity665 incorporation, fell to 9% of the control value after 12 hourly i.p. injections of @entity7204 (20 mg each). A constant s.c. infusion of 20 mg/hr for 24 hr caused an 86% inhibition of DNA synthesis. The antitumor activity of @entity7204 was tested against L1210, using a 24-hr infusion schedule with treatment starting 24 hr after i.p. inoculation of 10(5) cells. An optimal dose of 18 g/kg body weight produced a median increased lifespan of 44% (p less than 0.005). These results suggest that @entity7203 may be useful as an antitumor agent.

title: Antitumor activity of @entity7203 against L1210 XXXX leukemia.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity1373 after extensive loss of functioning small or large intestine might predispose to the development of @entity5 in the residual adapted bowel. To test this hypothesis, male Fischer @entity35 were randomized to receive 85 to 90% jejunoileal resection or bypass, subtotal colectomy, or no operation (controls). One week later, the first of six weekly s.c. injections of @entity2985 (15 mg/kg/week) was given. At the 36th week postoperatively, mean body weight after enterectomy or colectomy it was 78 to 79% of control. Adaptation after all three operations was characterized by 22 to 84% increments in villous height and crypt depth in the residual functioning ileum (p = 0.05 to 0.001); the depth of colonic crypts was unchanged. Fewer @entity35 developed @entity4056 after enteric bypass (36%) than after any of the other treatments (80 to 91%) (p = 0.01 to 0.001); the depth of colonic crypts was unchanged. Fewer @entity35 developed @entity4056 after enteric bypass (36%) than after any of the other treatments (80 to 91%) (p = 0.01 to 0.001). Compared with controls, bypass reduced the number of @entity694 by 77% (p less than 0.001). Although resection did not affect @entity694 yield, it tripled the incidence of @entity5 in the duodenum and jejunum (p = 0.025). Colectomy promoted @entity105 (p less than 0.05). @entity5 were commoner after intestinal resection. the lower frequency of @entity5 after jejunoileal bypass contrasts with enhanced @entity105 after enterectomy or colectomy. Profound reduction in body weight may prevent the promotional effect of @entity1373 .

title: Contrasting effects of subtotal enteric bypass, enterectomy, and colectomy on @entity2985 -induced intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic tumors', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory hyperplasia', 'adaptive hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'rectal carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic tumor', 'colonic tumors']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: @entity1373 after extensive loss of functioning small or large intestine might predispose to the development of @entity5 in the residual adapted bowel. To test this hypothesis, male Fischer @entity35 were randomized to receive 85 to 90% jejunoileal resection or bypass, subtotal colectomy, or no operation (controls). One week later, the first of six weekly s.c. injections of @entity2985 (15 mg/kg/week) was given. At the 36th week postoperatively, mean body weight after enterectomy or colectomy it was 78 to 79% of control. Adaptation after all three operations was characterized by 22 to 84% increments in villous height and crypt depth in the residual functioning ileum (p = 0.05 to 0.001); the depth of colonic crypts was unchanged. Fewer @entity35 developed @entity4056 after enteric bypass (36%) than after any of the other treatments (80 to 91%) (p = 0.01 to 0.001); the depth of colonic crypts was unchanged. Fewer @entity35 developed @entity4056 after enteric bypass (36%) than after any of the other treatments (80 to 91%) (p = 0.01 to 0.001). Compared with controls, bypass reduced the number of @entity694 by 77% (p less than 0.001). Although resection did not affect @entity694 yield, it tripled the incidence of @entity5 in the duodenum and jejunum (p = 0.025). Colectomy promoted @entity105 (p less than 0.05). @entity5 were commoner after intestinal resection. the lower frequency of @entity5 after jejunoileal bypass contrasts with enhanced @entity105 after enterectomy or colectomy. Profound reduction in body weight may prevent the promotional effect of @entity1373 .

title: Contrasting effects of subtotal enteric bypass, enterectomy, and colectomy on XXXX -induced intestinal @entity105 .

answer: @entity2985 :: (MESH:D001397,Chemical) :: ['azoxymethane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features of @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) and to improve the understanding of this disease. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 12 @entity1 with @entity5501 including clinical manifestations, laboratory results, imaging findings, treatment, and prognosis. RESULTS: Of the 12 cases, 8 were secondary to @entity981 , and 4 had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Manifestations mainly included abdominal distention (4 cases), @entity382 with @entity925 (9 cases), @entity381 (6 cases), and weight increase (10 cases). Biochemical tests revealed varying degrees of @entity409 in all cases. In the coagulation function test, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged in 7 cases. Out of the 7 @entity1 who underwent serum D-dimer test, 4 showed elevated serum level of D-dimer. In routine blood tests, 4 cases showed @entity551 and neutrophils. In addition, varying degrees of @entity882 were observed in 9 cases. Eight @entity1 were subjected to color Doppler ultrasound examination, and diffuse @entity382 , inhomogeneous @entity409 , unclear or thinner hepatic veins, hydrothorax/ascites, or @entity381 was observed. @entity384 or hepatic cell infiltration was observed in 2 @entity1 who underwent liver biopsy. Treatments were basically symptomatic and supportive therapies, and the prognosis was good in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5501 should be considered in @entity1 who present with @entity382 , sudden @entity1017 , @entity409 and @entity409 after they have received chemotherapy for @entity1778 and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX : report of 12 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusoidal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma', 'coagulation dysfunction', 'liver dysfunction', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in both white blood cells']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['SOS', 'sinusoidal obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity5501 :: (MESH:D006504,Disease) :: ['sinusoidal obstruction syndrome']


abstract: This study was designed to obtain information on prediction of diet digestibility from near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) scans of faecal spot samples from dairy @entity291 at different stages of lactation and to develop a faecal sampling protocol. NIRS was used to predict diet @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and indigestible neutral detergent fibre content (iNDF) from faecal samples, and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) using iNDF in feed and faecal samples as an internal marker. Acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as an internal digestibility marker was used as a reference method to evaluate the reliability of NIRS predictions. Feed and composite faecal samples were collected from 44 @entity291 at approximately 50, 150 and 250  days in milk (DIM). The estimated standard deviation for @entity291 -specific @entity62 analysed by AIA was 12.3  g/kg, which is small considering that the average was 724  g/kg. The phenotypic correlation between direct faecal @entity62 prediction by NIRS and @entity62 by AIA over the lactation was 0.51. The low repeatability and small variability estimates for direct @entity62 predictions by NIRS were not accurate enough to quantify small differences in @entity62 between @entity291 . In contrast to @entity62 , the repeatability estimates for @entity62 by iNDF and especially for direct faecal iNDF predictions were 0.32 and 0.46, respectively, indicating that developing of NIRS predictions for @entity291 -specific digestibility is possible. A data subset of 20 @entity291 with daily individual faecal samples was used to develop an on-farm sampling protocol. Based on the assessment of correlations between individual sample combinations and composite samples as well as repeatability estimates for individual sample combinations, we found that collecting up to three individual samples yields a representative composite sample. Collection of samples from all the @entity291 of a herd every third month might be a good choice, because it would yield a better accuracy.

title: XXXX -specific diet digestibility predictions based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy scans of faecal samples.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['organic matter digestibility', 'OMD', 'DMD', 'dry matter digestibility']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cow']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hippocrates flagged the value of sleep for good health. Nonetheless, historically, researchers with an interest in developmental psychopathology have largely ignored a possible role for atypical sleep. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in this area, perhaps reflecting increased evidence that disturbed or insufficient sleep can result in poor functioning in numerous domains. This review outlines what is known about sleep in the @entity146 diagnoses most relevant to @entity1 and for which associations with sleep are beginning to be understood. While based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, the focus of the current review is on the latest science (largely from 2010). There is a description of both concurrent and longitudinal links as well as possible mechanisms underlying associations. Preliminary treatment research is also considered which suggests that treating @entity25 may result in improvements in behavioural areas beyond sleep quality. FINDINGS: To maximise progress in this field, there now needs to be: (a) greater attention to the assessment of sleep in @entity1 ; (b) sleep research on a wider range of @entity146 ; (c) a greater focus on and examination of mechanisms underlying associations; (d) a clearer consideration ofdevelopmental questions and (e) large-scale well-designed treatment studies. CONCLUSIONS: While sleep problems may sometimes be missed by parents and healthcare providers; hence constituting a hidden risk for other psychopathologies - knowing about these difficulties creates unique opportunities. The current excitement in this field from experts in diverse areas including developmental psychology, clinical psychology, genetics and neuropsychology should make these opportunities a reality.

title: Annual Research Review: Sleep problems in childhood XXXX - a review of the latest science.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep difficulties']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: A retrograde study was performed in 105 @entity1 operated upon between 1950 and 1972 for a @entity76 . Complete histories were available for 89 @entity1 . Forty-five @entity1 died within the first 3 months after operation. Of the 32 @entity1 who were still alive, 14 @entity1 had been operated upon 20-30 years previously and 18 @entity1 10-19 years previously. Twelve @entity1 died over 3 months after the operation; in 6 cases, recurrence of @entity5 was the cause of @entity204 . Of the 7 @entity1 who were irradiated post-operatively, 5 died. In 26 @entity1 the @entity5 had infiltrated the brain-stem and only 7 @entity1 survived the operation. However, 2 @entity1 are still alive after 25 and 10 years, respectively. The findings indicate that @entity1 operated upon for a localized cerebellar astrocytoms can be considered cured and irradiation and chemotherapy are not warranted. When the @entity5 has infiltrated the brain-stem, a survival period of more than 20 years is possible after partial resection.

title: Remarks on the follow-up of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar astrocytoma']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar astrocytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secondary prevention often targets @entity1 who suffer from higher rates of second @entity173 than @entity1 , especially in the early years after first @entity174 . Yet, the occurrence of second @entity173 by certain times also depends on the death rate, which is higher in @entity1 than @entity1 . We compared the risk of sustaining second @entity173 by a certain time between @entity1 and @entity1 remaining alive at that time. METHODS: We retrieved 38,383 hospitalization records of @entity1 aged 60years or older, who were discharged alive after admission for @entity173 surgery between 1990 and 2005 in British Columbia, Canada. The outcome variable was the time to a subsequent @entity173 . RESULTS: During ten years of follow-up, 2,902 (8%) @entity1 sustained a second @entity173 , and 21,428 (56%) died before sustaining a second @entity173 . The risk of second @entity173 in the surviving post- @entity174 @entity1 was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 : 2% vs 2%, 5% vs 4%, 9% vs 7%, 15% vs 13%, and 35% vs 30% at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10years after initial @entity130 , respectively, crude @entity15498 (95% CI: 1.13-1.39). However, the risk did not differ between @entity1 and @entity1 after adjustment, OR=1.09 (95% CI: 0.98-1.21). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of second @entity173 persists for at least ten years among @entity173 survivors, and therefore secondary prevention should continue beyond an early post- @entity174 period. @entity1 and @entity1 have similar risks of second @entity173 and both should be considered for secondary prevention.

title: Risk of second @entity173 persists for years after initial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']