abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ), including @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ), are caused by interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Solute carrier family 22, member 4 ( @entity22400 ) have been shown to be associated with several @entity792 , including @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SNP @entity71253 in the @entity22400 gene is associated with @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: In this study, we collected specimens from 553 Chinese Han individuals of 92 @entity1669 pedigrees in 10 cities in Liaoning province, China (80 @entity2743 pedigrees, 478 members; 12 @entity2621 pedigrees, 75 members). SNP @entity71253 was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium tests were performed among founders of the pedigrees using Haploview software. Family-based association tests performed using FBAT software. RESULTS: No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed (p   >   0.05). There were not significant association between the @entity22400 gene polymorphism ( @entity71253 ) and @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a lack of association between the @entity22400 gene polymorphism @entity71253 and susceptibility to @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population.

title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphism XXXX in @entity22400 gene with @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity71253 :: (rs3792876,SNP) :: ['rs3792876']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ), including @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ), are caused by interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Solute carrier family 22, member 4 ( @entity22400 ) have been shown to be associated with several @entity792 , including @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SNP @entity71253 in the @entity22400 gene is associated with @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: In this study, we collected specimens from 553 Chinese Han individuals of 92 @entity1669 pedigrees in 10 cities in Liaoning province, China (80 @entity2743 pedigrees, 478 members; 12 @entity2621 pedigrees, 75 members). SNP @entity71253 was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium tests were performed among founders of the pedigrees using Haploview software. Family-based association tests performed using FBAT software. RESULTS: No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed (p   >   0.05). There were not significant association between the @entity22400 gene polymorphism ( @entity71253 ) and @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a lack of association between the @entity22400 gene polymorphism @entity71253 and susceptibility to @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population.

title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphism @entity71253 in @entity22400 gene with XXXX in a Chinese Han population.

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent research suggests a mechanistic role for @entity3645 (BA) in the metabolic improvement following bariatric surgery. It is believed that the hormonal and metabolic effects associated with changes in systemic BAs may be related to the @entity4961 ( @entity4961 ) and a G-protein coupled receptor ( @entity14646 ). This systematic review examines changes in systemic BAs following bariatric procedures. Studies were included if they reported the measurement of systemic BAs in @entity1 at at least one time point after bariatric surgery. Eleven papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies reported the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on fasting BAs. The majority (6/7) reported that fasting BAs increased after RYGB. Data regarding fasting BAs after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) are inconsistent. Data regarding post-prandial BA changes after RYGB, VSG, and LAGB are also inconsistent. More research is needed to investigate the connection between BAs and the metabolic improvement seen after bariatric surgery.

title: The Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Serum XXXX in @entity1 and Potential Metabolic and Hormonal Implications: a Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity4961 :: ('9971', 'Gene') :: ['farnesoid X receptor', 'FXR']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['Bile Acids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent research suggests a mechanistic role for @entity3645 (BA) in the metabolic improvement following bariatric surgery. It is believed that the hormonal and metabolic effects associated with changes in systemic BAs may be related to the @entity4961 ( @entity4961 ) and a G-protein coupled receptor ( @entity14646 ). This systematic review examines changes in systemic BAs following bariatric procedures. Studies were included if they reported the measurement of systemic BAs in @entity1 at at least one time point after bariatric surgery. Eleven papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies reported the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on fasting BAs. The majority (6/7) reported that fasting BAs increased after RYGB. Data regarding fasting BAs after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) are inconsistent. Data regarding post-prandial BA changes after RYGB, VSG, and LAGB are also inconsistent. More research is needed to investigate the connection between BAs and the metabolic improvement seen after bariatric surgery.

title: The Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Serum @entity3645 in XXXX and Potential Metabolic and Hormonal Implications: a Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many sub-Saharan countries are confronted with persistently high levels of childhood morbidity and mortality because of the impact of a range of demographic, biological and social factors or situational events that directly precipitate ill health. In particular, under-five morbidity and mortality have increased in recent decades due to childhood @entity294 , cough and @entity221 . Understanding the geographic distribution of such diseases and their relationships to potential risk factors can be invaluable for cost effective intervention. METHODS: Bayesian semi-parametric regression models were used to quantify the spatial risk of childhood @entity294 , @entity221 and cough, as well as associations between @entity66 and a range of factors, after accounting for spatial correlation between neighbouring areas. Such semi-parametric regression models allow joint analysis of non-linear effects of continuous covariates, spatially structured variation, unstructured heterogeneity, and other fixed effects on @entity66 . Modelling and inference made use of the fully Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques. The analysis was based on data derived from the 1999, 2005/6 and 2010/11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that until recently, sex of @entity1 had little or no significant association with @entity66 . However, a higher proportion of male than female @entity1 within a given province had a significant association with childhood cough, @entity221 and @entity294 . Compared to their counterparts in rural areas, @entity1 raised in an urban setting had less exposure to cough, @entity221 and @entity294 across all the survey years with the exception of @entity294 in 2010. In addition, the link between sanitation, parental education, antenatal care, vaccination and @entity66 was found to be both intuitive and counterintuitive. Results also showed marked geographical differences in the prevalence of childhood @entity294 , @entity221 and cough. Across all the survey years Manicaland province reported the highest cases of @entity66 . There is also clear evidence of significant high prevalence of @entity66 in Mashonaland than in Matabeleland provinces.

title: Bayesian spatial analysis of XXXX in Zimbabwe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['childhood diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['childhood diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate all cases of isolated factor VII (FVII) deficiency as gathered from personal files or by a PubMed search. @entity1 AND METHODS: Personal files dealing with @entity1 studied in Padua during the years 1970 to 2010 were reevaluated. The PubMed search was time unlimited and was carried on 2 occasions during 2014. Cross-checking of the references, listed in every article, was also carried out to avoid omissions. Inclusion criteria were isolated FVII defect of less than 40% of normal, negative coagulation pattern in the family, normal level of other @entity2067 -dependent clotting factors, and normalization of the clotting factor after the therapeutic procedures, unless the @entity1 died. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 met the inclusion criteria (18 male and 9 female, in 2 cases gender was unreported). This number included 1 personal case. Mean age was 37.9 (range 3-80). Underlying diseases were the following: @entity5 , @entity281 , polytrauma, @entity114 administration, @entity1985 Wiskott @entity17454 , and @entity712 (1 case, each); 2 @entity1 had no underlying disease. Bleeding was variable but usually mild. There were 11 fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated @entity5630 is a rare defect, which appears to be a finding associated with several morbid conditions, especially @entity295 and @entity5 . This indicates the need for a careful investigation of even a mild prolongation of prothrombin time, especially when fibrinogen and partial thromboplastin time are normal.

title: Acquired XXXX : An Underestimated and Potentially Important Laboratory Finding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['FVII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity5630 :: (MESH:D005168,Disease) :: ['Isolated FVII Deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is found in 10%-15% of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . It differs from the common @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in histopathological appearance and clinical behavior. METHODS: Genome-wide DNA copy number and survival data from @entity189 and @entity420 primary @entity14 samples from @entity1 from two phase III trials (CAIRO and CAIRO2) was compared. Chromosomal copy number data from The @entity5 (TCGA) was used for validation. Altogether, 470 ACs were compared to 57 MCs. RESULTS: @entity189 showed a reduced amount of copy number aberrations (CNAs) compared with @entity420 for the CAIRO/CAIRO2 cohort, with a median amount of CNAs that was 1.5-fold lower (P = 0.002). Data from TCGA also showed a reduced amount of CNAs for @entity189 . @entity189 samples in both cohorts displayed @entity1017 at chromosome 20q and less @entity393 . A high rate of chromosomal instability was a strong negative prognostic marker for survival in @entity189 @entity1 from the CAIRO cohorts (hazard ratio 15.60, 95% CI 3.24-75.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study indicate that the distinct @entity189 phenotype is accompanied by a different genetic basis when compared with @entity420 and show a strong association between the rate of chromosomal instability and survival in @entity189 @entity1 .

title: Reduced rate of copy number aberrations in mucinous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous carcinoma', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 18p']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the lung is a rare type of poorly differentiated @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) that belongs to @entity189 ( @entity189 ). It exhibits @entity146 and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy targeting the @entity8395 ( @entity8395 )/PD ligand 1 ( @entity4634 ) pathway has demonstrated favourable clinical outcomes in @entity1149 . However, the expression patterns of @entity8395 -related molecules in pulmonary @entity189 remain elusive. @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression was estimated in 41 cases of @entity189 using immunohistochemistry. @entity405 (+) and @entity8395 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also evaluated. @entity4634 and @entity14797 were highly expressed in pulmonary PCs (90.2% [37/41)]; 87.8% [36/41]). The amount of @entity405 (+) or @entity8395 (+) TILs and the ratio of @entity8395 (+)/ @entity405 (+) TILs in @entity189 were higher in males, smokers and older @entity1 . @entity4634 -positive PCs were infiltrated by higher numbers of @entity405 (+) TILs compared to @entity4634 -negative cases (P=0.006). Of note, @entity4634 expression in pulmonary PCs was significantly higher in sarcomatous areas than in the @entity3909 portion (P=0.006). @entity189 @entity1 with a high ratio of @entity8395 (+)/ @entity405 (+) TILs showed a shorter progression-free survival (P=0.036), whereas @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression had no prognostic implications. Our study demonstrates that pulmonary PCs very frequently express @entity4634 and @entity14797 . Moreover, their expression is higher in @entity1358 areas. Thus, targeting the @entity8395 / @entity4634 pathway may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for this @entity5 .

title: XXXX ligand 1 and 2 are highly expressed in @entity189 of the lung: Comparison of @entity3909 areas.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'Pleomorphic carcinoma', 'SC', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous cells than in carcinomatous']

answer: @entity8395 :: (5133,Gene) :: ['Programmed death-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the lung is a rare type of poorly differentiated @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) that belongs to @entity189 ( @entity189 ). It exhibits @entity146 and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy targeting the @entity8395 ( @entity8395 )/PD ligand 1 ( @entity4634 ) pathway has demonstrated favourable clinical outcomes in @entity1149 . However, the expression patterns of @entity8395 -related molecules in pulmonary @entity189 remain elusive. @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression was estimated in 41 cases of @entity189 using immunohistochemistry. @entity405 (+) and @entity8395 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also evaluated. @entity4634 and @entity14797 were highly expressed in pulmonary PCs (90.2% [37/41)]; 87.8% [36/41]). The amount of @entity405 (+) or @entity8395 (+) TILs and the ratio of @entity8395 (+)/ @entity405 (+) TILs in @entity189 were higher in males, smokers and older @entity1 . @entity4634 -positive PCs were infiltrated by higher numbers of @entity405 (+) TILs compared to @entity4634 -negative cases (P=0.006). Of note, @entity4634 expression in pulmonary PCs was significantly higher in sarcomatous areas than in the @entity3909 portion (P=0.006). @entity189 @entity1 with a high ratio of @entity8395 (+)/ @entity405 (+) TILs showed a shorter progression-free survival (P=0.036), whereas @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression had no prognostic implications. Our study demonstrates that pulmonary PCs very frequently express @entity4634 and @entity14797 . Moreover, their expression is higher in @entity1358 areas. Thus, targeting the @entity8395 / @entity4634 pathway may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for this @entity5 .

title: @entity8395 ligand 1 and 2 are highly expressed in XXXX of the lung: Comparison of @entity3909 areas.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic carcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the lung is a rare type of poorly differentiated @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) that belongs to @entity189 ( @entity189 ). It exhibits @entity146 and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy targeting the @entity8395 ( @entity8395 )/PD ligand 1 ( @entity4634 ) pathway has demonstrated favourable clinical outcomes in @entity1149 . However, the expression patterns of @entity8395 -related molecules in pulmonary @entity189 remain elusive. @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression was estimated in 41 cases of @entity189 using immunohistochemistry. @entity405 (+) and @entity8395 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also evaluated. @entity4634 and @entity14797 were highly expressed in pulmonary PCs (90.2% [37/41)]; 87.8% [36/41]). The amount of @entity405 (+) or @entity8395 (+) TILs and the ratio of @entity8395 (+)/ @entity405 (+) TILs in @entity189 were higher in males, smokers and older @entity1 . @entity4634 -positive PCs were infiltrated by higher numbers of @entity405 (+) TILs compared to @entity4634 -negative cases (P=0.006). Of note, @entity4634 expression in pulmonary PCs was significantly higher in sarcomatous areas than in the @entity3909 portion (P=0.006). @entity189 @entity1 with a high ratio of @entity8395 (+)/ @entity405 (+) TILs showed a shorter progression-free survival (P=0.036), whereas @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression had no prognostic implications. Our study demonstrates that pulmonary PCs very frequently express @entity4634 and @entity14797 . Moreover, their expression is higher in @entity1358 areas. Thus, targeting the @entity8395 / @entity4634 pathway may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for this @entity5 .

title: @entity8395 ligand 1 and 2 are highly expressed in @entity189 of the lung: Comparison of XXXX areas.

answer: @entity3909 :: (MESH:D055756,Disease) :: ['sarcomatous and carcinomatous']


abstract: The progression of functional connectivity (FC) patterns from non- @entity99 (non-HE) to @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) is not well known. This resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study investigated the evolution of intrinsic FC patterns from non-HE to @entity1987 . A total of 103 cirrhotic @entity1 ( @entity1987 , n   =   34 and non-HE, n   =   69) and 103 healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI scanning. Maps of distant and local FC density (dFCD and lFCD, respectively) were compared among @entity1987 , non-HE, and healthy control groups. Decreased lFCD in anterior cingulate cortex, pre- and postcentral gyri, cuneus, lingual gyrus, and putamen was observed in both @entity1987 and non-HE @entity1 relative to controls. There was no difference in lFCD between @entity1987 and non-HE groups. The latter showed decreased dFCD in inferior parietal lobule, cuneus, and medial frontal cortex relative to controls; however, @entity1987 @entity1 showed decreased dFCD in frontal and parietal cortices as well as increased dFCD in thalamus and caudate head relative to control and non-HE groups. Abnormal FCD values in some regions correlated with @entity1987 @entity1 ' neuropsychological performance. In conclusion, lFCD and dFCD were perturbed in @entity1987 . Impaired dFCD in regions within the cortico-striato-thalamic circuit may be more closely associated with the development of @entity1987 .

title: Role of local and distant functional connectivity density in the development of minimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal HE', 'MHE']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Aim of the study is to present our own experiences in the treatment of @entity1 suffering from penetrating neck @entity130 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the years 1996-2012, 10 @entity1 with penetrating neck @entity130 were treated, including 3 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 . The @entity1 ' age ranged from 16 to 55 (the average age being 40.7 years). In 9 cases the wound was caused by cutting or stabbing, while in one case it was inflicted by a gunshot. In 8 @entity1 it was a single cut wound, while one @entity1 suffered from 34 stab wounds to the neck, chest and stomach. Two cut wounds resulted from a suicide attempt. The remaining injuries were the result of a crime. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent immediate surgery, which involved revision of the neck wounds in 8 cases, one longitudinal sternotomy and one left-sided thoracotomy. The indications for surgery included increased @entity9285 in 5 @entity1 , @entity548 from the wound in 3 @entity1 , and mediastinal @entity1410 in 2 @entity1 . The damage assessed intraoperatively included @entity16 in 6 @entity1 , damage to carotid vessels in 3 @entity1 , larynx in 2 @entity1 , thoracic vessels in 2 @entity1 , oesophagus in 1 @entity1 and thyroid gland in 1 @entity1 . In 9 @entity1 , the treatment yielded positive results. The @entity1 with a gunshot wound died during the surgery due to @entity548 from the aorta. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with penetrating neck wounds, early and rapid diagnostics allows one to determine the indications for surgery and prevent serious fatal complications.

title: Penetrating neck XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal damage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity683 vaccination and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) therapies during @entity683 season is not known and is described in this study. Understanding this association is important since reduction in @entity299 therapies during @entity683 season via use of @entity683 vaccination would benefit @entity1 physically and psychologically. METHODS: @entity1 presenting to the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center @entity299 clinic between September 1st, 2011 and November 31st, 2011 were asked to complete a survey evaluating their use of the @entity683 vaccine. The number of @entity1 with any @entity299 therapy and the total number of @entity299 therapies in the six months before and the three months during the 2010-2011 @entity683 season were determined. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess differences in the average number of @entity299 therapies received during the @entity683 season based on vaccine status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated). The analysis was repeated after limiting the cohort to @entity1 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35%. RESULTS: A total of 229 @entity1 completed the survey, 78% of whom received the @entity683 vaccine. Four @entity1 had more than one @entity299 shock during the study period. Electrical storm was rare (n=2). A trend toward more @entity299 therapies (unadjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)=3.2; P=0.07) and appropriate @entity299 shocks (unadjusted IRR=9.0; P=0.17) was noted for unvaccinated compared to vaccinated @entity1 . This association persisted when analysis was limited to @entity1 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35% (all @entity299 therapies: unadjusted IRR=5.8; P=0.045; adjusted IRR=2.6; P=0.33). No @entity1 who received the @entity683 vaccine, and had a reduced ejection fraction, received an approprite @entity299 shock during @entity683 season (unadjusted P<0.002). CONCLUSION: A trend toward more @entity299 therapies during @entity683 season was observed in @entity1 who did not receive the @entity683 vaccine compared to those who did. The association was stronger in @entity1 who received appropriate @entity299 shocks and in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Further work to confirm these findings is recommended.

title: Increased defibrillator therapies during XXXX season in @entity1 without @entity683 vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardiac defibrillator']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity683 vaccination and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) therapies during @entity683 season is not known and is described in this study. Understanding this association is important since reduction in @entity299 therapies during @entity683 season via use of @entity683 vaccination would benefit @entity1 physically and psychologically. METHODS: @entity1 presenting to the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center @entity299 clinic between September 1st, 2011 and November 31st, 2011 were asked to complete a survey evaluating their use of the @entity683 vaccine. The number of @entity1 with any @entity299 therapy and the total number of @entity299 therapies in the six months before and the three months during the 2010-2011 @entity683 season were determined. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess differences in the average number of @entity299 therapies received during the @entity683 season based on vaccine status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated). The analysis was repeated after limiting the cohort to @entity1 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35%. RESULTS: A total of 229 @entity1 completed the survey, 78% of whom received the @entity683 vaccine. Four @entity1 had more than one @entity299 shock during the study period. Electrical storm was rare (n=2). A trend toward more @entity299 therapies (unadjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)=3.2; P=0.07) and appropriate @entity299 shocks (unadjusted IRR=9.0; P=0.17) was noted for unvaccinated compared to vaccinated @entity1 . This association persisted when analysis was limited to @entity1 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35% (all @entity299 therapies: unadjusted IRR=5.8; P=0.045; adjusted IRR=2.6; P=0.33). No @entity1 who received the @entity683 vaccine, and had a reduced ejection fraction, received an approprite @entity299 shock during @entity683 season (unadjusted P<0.002). CONCLUSION: A trend toward more @entity299 therapies during @entity683 season was observed in @entity1 who did not receive the @entity683 vaccine compared to those who did. The association was stronger in @entity1 who received appropriate @entity299 shocks and in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Further work to confirm these findings is recommended.

title: Increased defibrillator therapies during @entity683 season in @entity1 without XXXX vaccines.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity683 vaccination and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) therapies during @entity683 season is not known and is described in this study. Understanding this association is important since reduction in @entity299 therapies during @entity683 season via use of @entity683 vaccination would benefit @entity1 physically and psychologically. METHODS: @entity1 presenting to the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center @entity299 clinic between September 1st, 2011 and November 31st, 2011 were asked to complete a survey evaluating their use of the @entity683 vaccine. The number of @entity1 with any @entity299 therapy and the total number of @entity299 therapies in the six months before and the three months during the 2010-2011 @entity683 season were determined. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess differences in the average number of @entity299 therapies received during the @entity683 season based on vaccine status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated). The analysis was repeated after limiting the cohort to @entity1 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35%. RESULTS: A total of 229 @entity1 completed the survey, 78% of whom received the @entity683 vaccine. Four @entity1 had more than one @entity299 shock during the study period. Electrical storm was rare (n=2). A trend toward more @entity299 therapies (unadjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)=3.2; P=0.07) and appropriate @entity299 shocks (unadjusted IRR=9.0; P=0.17) was noted for unvaccinated compared to vaccinated @entity1 . This association persisted when analysis was limited to @entity1 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35% (all @entity299 therapies: unadjusted IRR=5.8; P=0.045; adjusted IRR=2.6; P=0.33). No @entity1 who received the @entity683 vaccine, and had a reduced ejection fraction, received an approprite @entity299 shock during @entity683 season (unadjusted P<0.002). CONCLUSION: A trend toward more @entity299 therapies during @entity683 season was observed in @entity1 who did not receive the @entity683 vaccine compared to those who did. The association was stronger in @entity1 who received appropriate @entity299 shocks and in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Further work to confirm these findings is recommended.

title: Increased defibrillator therapies during @entity683 season in XXXX without @entity683 vaccines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hip and @entity2249 are common in elderly @entity1 , who are at an increased risk of complications if their @entity158 is suboptimally managed. This systematic review seeks to determine if regional nerve blocks reduce @entity158 , reduce the need for parenteral opiates, and reduce complications, compared to @entity158 management with opiates, @entity1443 , or NSAIDs. Data sources Systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials found 401 articles, of which nine were selected for inclusion. Study selection Randomized controlled trials including adult @entity1 with a hip or @entity2249 (Population) who had a 3-in-1 femoral nerve @entity616 , or fascia iliaca compartment block performed preoperatively (Intervention). Comparison must have been made with @entity158 management with opiates, @entity1443 , or NSAIDs (Comparison) and outcomes must have included @entity158 score reduction (Outcome). Data synthesis Eight out of nine studies concluded @entity158 scores were improved with the regional nerve block compared to @entity158 management. A significant reduction in parenteral opiate use was seen in five out of six studies. No @entity1 suffered life-threatening complications related to the nerve block; however, more minor complications were under-reported. Most of the studies were at a moderate to high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Regional nerve blocks for hip and @entity2249 have a benefit in reducing @entity158 and the need for IV opiates. The use of these blocks can be recommended for these @entity1 . Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required.

title: Regional Nerve Blocks For Hip and XXXX in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'standard pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['block, traditional femoral nerve block']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Femoral Neck Fractures']


abstract: Seven @entity235 prepared with carotid loops were used to evaluate the responsiveness of the cerebral osmoreceptors regulating plasma vasopressin concentration (pAVP). Intracarotid and intravenous infusions of hypo- and hypertonic solutions were used to alter cerebral plasma osmolality. Bilateral intracarotid infusion of hypertonic saline (0.90 mmol @entity1219 kg-1 . min-1 . artery-1) significantly elevated jugular vein plasma osmolality (pOsm) in the first minute (P less than 0.05). Systemic values, determined from saphenous vein samples, were increased after 6 min. After 4 min of infusion, systemic pAVP was significantly increased, attaining a constant level at 6 min. Subsequent experiments with infusions 6 min in duration demonstrated that hypertonic saline infused intracarotidly significantly increased pAVP in a dose-related fashion, whereas similar solutions administered intravenously did not alter pAVP. @entity2421 infusions (intravenous or intracarotid) did not change pAVP consistently. The lack of a @entity308 in pAVP during @entity2421 infusions is consistent with the argument that jugular pOsm must be elevated above a threshold to stimulate the release of vasopressin. Linear relationships were demonstrated for jugular pNa+ and pOsm to pAVP employing the threshold model. Cerebral osmoreceptors that regulate plasma vasopressin concentration respond linearly to increasing tonicity above a threshold stimulating the release of vasopressin.

title: Osmotic control of plasma vasopressin in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotonic', 'hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: We have examined @entity1063 (NE) and @entity935 (DA) initial concentrations, rate constants and turnover rates in microdissected regions of the hypothalamus and gonadotropin release in ovariectomized (OVX) @entity172 -treated adult control and @entity342 -sterilized @entity35 (ASR) (50 micrograms @entity3033 at 5 days of age). When Silastic capsules containing @entity53 (E2) were implanted one week after ovariectomy (Day 0) in control @entity35 , afternoon luteinizing hormone (LH) surges occurred on Days 3 and 4. When 2 @entity1420 (P) silastic capsules were placed s.c. on Day 3 at 0900 h into E2-primed ovariectomized controls, the afternoon LH plasma surge concentrations were markedly amplified. In contrast, identical E2 or E2P treatment of adult ovariectomized ASR had no effect on plasma LH on either Days 3 or 4 after E2 capsule placement. Serum concentration differences of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity3695 (Prl), E2 and P between control @entity35 and ASR and the effects of E2 treatment on these hormone levels also were recorded. In E2-treated ASR, initial steady state concentrations of NE were significantly less than in controls in all brain regions examined. NE turnover rates increased significantly in E2-treated controls at 1500-1700 h compared to those at 1000-1200 h in median eminence (ME), @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) but not in arcuate nucleus (AN). No increase in NE turnover rates occurred in @entity10789 and ME and only slight increases in turnovers were observed in SCN and AN in E2-treated ASR during the afternoon. DA turnover rates declined between morning and afternoon in ME of control and ASR. In control @entity35 , DA turnover rates increased during the afternoon in AN and @entity10789 but remained unchanged in these same hypothalamic regions in ASR. A considerable amount of previous evidence suggests that NE may be the neural trigger which evokes the release of @entity7438 (LHRH) from ME axon terminals in normal proestrous or in E2-treated ovariectomized @entity35 . The failure of NE to be released into the @entity10789 and ME of ASR may account for the failure of @entity53 to induce LH surges in these animals.

title: Failure of the hypothalamic noradrenergic system to function in adult XXXX -sterilized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['MPN', 'medial preoptic nucleus']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity7438 :: ('25194(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['luteinizing hormone releasing hormone']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: We have examined @entity1063 (NE) and @entity935 (DA) initial concentrations, rate constants and turnover rates in microdissected regions of the hypothalamus and gonadotropin release in ovariectomized (OVX) @entity172 -treated adult control and @entity342 -sterilized @entity35 (ASR) (50 micrograms @entity3033 at 5 days of age). When Silastic capsules containing @entity53 (E2) were implanted one week after ovariectomy (Day 0) in control @entity35 , afternoon luteinizing hormone (LH) surges occurred on Days 3 and 4. When 2 @entity1420 (P) silastic capsules were placed s.c. on Day 3 at 0900 h into E2-primed ovariectomized controls, the afternoon LH plasma surge concentrations were markedly amplified. In contrast, identical E2 or E2P treatment of adult ovariectomized ASR had no effect on plasma LH on either Days 3 or 4 after E2 capsule placement. Serum concentration differences of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity3695 (Prl), E2 and P between control @entity35 and ASR and the effects of E2 treatment on these hormone levels also were recorded. In E2-treated ASR, initial steady state concentrations of NE were significantly less than in controls in all brain regions examined. NE turnover rates increased significantly in E2-treated controls at 1500-1700 h compared to those at 1000-1200 h in median eminence (ME), @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) but not in arcuate nucleus (AN). No increase in NE turnover rates occurred in @entity10789 and ME and only slight increases in turnovers were observed in SCN and AN in E2-treated ASR during the afternoon. DA turnover rates declined between morning and afternoon in ME of control and ASR. In control @entity35 , DA turnover rates increased during the afternoon in AN and @entity10789 but remained unchanged in these same hypothalamic regions in ASR. A considerable amount of previous evidence suggests that NE may be the neural trigger which evokes the release of @entity7438 (LHRH) from ME axon terminals in normal proestrous or in E2-treated ovariectomized @entity35 . The failure of NE to be released into the @entity10789 and ME of ASR may account for the failure of @entity53 to induce LH surges in these animals.

title: Failure of the hypothalamic noradrenergic system to function in adult @entity342 -sterilized XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For investigation of the molecular interaction of cranberry extract with adhesins of uropathogenic @entity526 (UPEC), urine from four volunteers consuming standardized cranberry extract ( @entity22271 content = 1.24%) was analyzed within ex vivo experiments, indicating time-dependent significant inhibition of 40-50% of bacterial adhesion of UPEC strain NU14 to @entity1 @entity1 bladder cells. Under in vitro conditions a dose-dependent increase in bacterial adhesion was observed with @entity22271 -enriched cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon extract ( @entity22271 content = 21%). Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy proved that V.m. extract led to the formation of bacterial clusters on the outer plasma membrane of the host cells without subsequent internalization. This agglomerating activity was not observed when a @entity16180 -depleted extract (V.m. extract(   @entity16180 )) was used, which showed significant inhibition of bacterial adhesion in cases where type 1 fimbriae dominated and @entity3913 -sensitive UPEC strain NU14 was used. V.m. extract(   @entity16180 ) had no inhibitory activity against P- and F1C-fimbriae dominated strain 2980. Quantitative gene expression analysis indicated that @entity16180 -containing as well as @entity16180 -depleted cranberry extracts increased the fimH expression in NU14 as part of a feedback mechanism after blocking FimH. For strain 2980 the @entity16180 -containing extract led to up-regulation of P- and F1C-fimbriae, whereas the @entity16180 -depleted extract had no influence on gene expression. V.m. and V.m. extract(   @entity16180 ) did not influence biofilm and curli formation in UPEC strains NU14 and 2980. These data lead to the conclusion that also @entity22271 -free cranberry extracts exert antiadhesive activity by interaction with @entity3913 -sensitive type 1 fimbriae of UPEC.

title: In Vivo Consumption of Cranberry Exerts ex Vivo Antiadhesive Activity against FimH-Dominated Uropathogenic XXXX : A Combined in Vivo, ex Vivo, and in Vitro Study of an Extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon.

entities_list: @entity22271 :: ('MESH:C013221', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), renowned for their excellent health benefits, are an important berry crop. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing of one cranberry cultivar, from fruits at two different developmental stages, on the Illumina HiSeq  2000 platform. Our main goals were to identify putative genes for major metabolic pathways of bioactive compounds and compare the expression patterns between white fruit (W) and red fruit (R) in cranberry. RESULTS: In this study, two cDNA libraries of W and R were constructed. Approximately 119 million raw sequencing reads were generated and assembled de novo, yielding 57,331 high quality unigenes with an average length of 739  bp. Using BLASTx, 38,460 unigenes were identified as putative homologs of annotated sequences in public protein databases, including NCBI NR, NT, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG and @entity24481 . Of these, 21,898 unigenes mapped to 128 KEGG pathways, with the metabolic pathways, secondary metabolites, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, starch and @entity969 metabolism, @entity17262 metabolism, and @entity7391 metabolism being well represented. Among them, many candidate genes were involved in @entity3096 biosynthesis, transport and regulation. Furthermore, digital gene expression (DEG) analysis identified 3,257 unigenes that were differentially expressed between the two fruit developmental stages. In addition, 14,473 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our results present comprehensive gene expression information about the cranberry fruit transcriptome that could facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fruit development in cranberries. Although it will be necessary to validate the functions carried out by these genes, these results could be used to improve the quality of breeding programs for the cranberry and related species.

title: De novo sequencing and analysis of the cranberry fruit transcriptome to identify putative genes involved in XXXX biosynthesis, transport and regulation.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity3096 :: (CHEBI:47916,Chemical) :: ['flavonoid']


abstract: A retrospective study was made of 75 consecutive @entity1 treated for a @entity5 of the head of the pancreas and the peri-ampullary region from January 1978 to August 1981. These @entity1 underwent either pancreatic resection--pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 24) and total pancreatectomy (n = 10)--palliative procedures (n = 29) or exploratory laparotomy (n = 12). Clinical signs and diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasonography and coeliac arteriography, were studied for their value in preoperative assessment of operability. Vaso-invasion, as revealed by arteriography and, to a lesser extent, ultrasonographic signs of a @entity5 and the absence of @entity1087 were poor prognostic signs. The operative mortality was 8 per cent for the group as a whole, but somewhat higher (13 per cent) for the group that underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. No @entity1 died after total pancreatectomy. The operative mortality was 27 per cent in all @entity1 aged 70 years or older, but only 3 per cent in @entity1 under 70 years. One-year @entity1 survival was 94 per cent after pancreatoduodenectomy for @entity5 and 57 per cent after resection for @entity135 . The results of this study point to pancreatic resection as the treatment of choice for resectable @entity5 of the peri-ampullary region and the head of the pancreas in @entity1 under 70 years of age. Coeliac arteriography and ultrasonography have been found to be useful for preoperative classification of @entity5 stage.

title: Operative approach to XXXX and the peri-ampullary region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the head of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'peri-ampullary cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['cancer of the head of the pancreas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term effects of maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 on neurodevelopmental outcome of the @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING AND POPULATION: Follow up of @entity1 of @entity1 who participated in a multicentre randomised controlled trial on maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 versus placebo. METHODS: Two years after the APOSTEL II trial on maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 versus placebo, we asked @entity1 to complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 development was measured in five domains. @entity245 was defined as a score of  <=1 SD in one or more developmental domains. We performed exploratory subgroup analysis in @entity1 with preterm prolonged @entity397 of the membranes, and in @entity1 with a cervical length <10  mm at study entry. RESULTS: Of the 276 @entity1 eligible for follow up, 135 (52.5%) returned the questionnaire, encompassing data of 170 @entity1 . At 2  years of age, @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity594 maintenance tocolysis compared with placebo had a higher overall incidence of fine motor problems (22.2 versus 7.6%, OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.29-9.14, P  =  0.01), and a lower incidence of poor problem-solving (21.1 versus 29.1%, OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.95, P  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This follow-up study revealed no clear benefit of @entity594 maintenance tocolysis at 2  years of age. As short-term adverse perinatal outcome was not reduced in the original APOSTEL II trial, we conclude that maintenance tocolysis does not appear to be beneficial at this time. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: No clear benefit of @entity594 maintenance tocolysis in @entity3152 on 2-year @entity1 outcome.

title: Maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 in threatened XXXX : 2-year follow up of the offspring in the APOSTEL II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Infant', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term effects of maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 on neurodevelopmental outcome of the @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING AND POPULATION: Follow up of @entity1 of @entity1 who participated in a multicentre randomised controlled trial on maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 versus placebo. METHODS: Two years after the APOSTEL II trial on maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 versus placebo, we asked @entity1 to complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 development was measured in five domains. @entity245 was defined as a score of  <=1 SD in one or more developmental domains. We performed exploratory subgroup analysis in @entity1 with preterm prolonged @entity397 of the membranes, and in @entity1 with a cervical length <10  mm at study entry. RESULTS: Of the 276 @entity1 eligible for follow up, 135 (52.5%) returned the questionnaire, encompassing data of 170 @entity1 . At 2  years of age, @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity594 maintenance tocolysis compared with placebo had a higher overall incidence of fine motor problems (22.2 versus 7.6%, OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.29-9.14, P  =  0.01), and a lower incidence of poor problem-solving (21.1 versus 29.1%, OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.95, P  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This follow-up study revealed no clear benefit of @entity594 maintenance tocolysis at 2  years of age. As short-term adverse perinatal outcome was not reduced in the original APOSTEL II trial, we conclude that maintenance tocolysis does not appear to be beneficial at this time. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: No clear benefit of @entity594 maintenance tocolysis in @entity3152 on 2-year @entity1 outcome.

title: Maintenance tocolysis with XXXX in threatened @entity3152 : 2-year follow up of the offspring in the APOSTEL II trial.

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With a possible increase in the prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity5471 ), the pediatric @entity1 population is expected to be at risk for other health care complications. Current imaging modalities, such as the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), that allow micron resolution imaging of the retina have become a standard of care for showing morphological changes seen in the retina in adults with @entity6 . Such pathologies can be associated with known risk factors such as poor glycemic control (HbA1C) and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A comprehensive screening was performed in subjects with @entity5471 including nonmydriatic fundus imaging (Canon, @entity10911 Plus-AF with EOS-60D, Tokyo, Japan) and SD-OCT imaging (Optovue, iVue, Fremont, CA). SD-OCT scans were acquired showing @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and thickness of the parafoveal regions and the perifoveal regions. Associations of macular, paramacular, and perimacular thickness were analyzed as a function of HbA1C and BMI by simple linear regressions. RESULTS: SD-OCT changes were analyzed in eyes of subjects with @entity5471 and normal fundus appearance by color imaging. Linear regression analysis of @entity1020 @entity735 ( @entity735 ), paramacula @entity735 , @entity735 (LT), perimacula LT with BMI were statistically significant (P < .05). HbA1C >7.5% was also found statistically significant in the macula @entity735 , paramacula @entity735 , paramacula LT, perimacula @entity735 , and perimacula LT. A general trend of thickening of the macula, paramacula, and perimacula was observed with increasing HbA1C (>7.5%) and increasing BMI; however, no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT with retinal imaging was feasible in young individuals with @entity5471 and revealed ultrastructural macular and perimacular changes prior to manifest clinical disease.

title: Structural Changes by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['right eye', 'RT', 'paramacula left eye']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'macular thickness', 'thickness of macula']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With a possible increase in the prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity5471 ), the pediatric @entity1 population is expected to be at risk for other health care complications. Current imaging modalities, such as the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), that allow micron resolution imaging of the retina have become a standard of care for showing morphological changes seen in the retina in adults with @entity6 . Such pathologies can be associated with known risk factors such as poor glycemic control (HbA1C) and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A comprehensive screening was performed in subjects with @entity5471 including nonmydriatic fundus imaging (Canon, @entity10911 Plus-AF with EOS-60D, Tokyo, Japan) and SD-OCT imaging (Optovue, iVue, Fremont, CA). SD-OCT scans were acquired showing @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and thickness of the parafoveal regions and the perifoveal regions. Associations of macular, paramacular, and perimacular thickness were analyzed as a function of HbA1C and BMI by simple linear regressions. RESULTS: SD-OCT changes were analyzed in eyes of subjects with @entity5471 and normal fundus appearance by color imaging. Linear regression analysis of @entity1020 @entity735 ( @entity735 ), paramacula @entity735 , @entity735 (LT), perimacula LT with BMI were statistically significant (P < .05). HbA1C >7.5% was also found statistically significant in the macula @entity735 , paramacula @entity735 , paramacula LT, perimacula @entity735 , and perimacula LT. A general trend of thickening of the macula, paramacula, and perimacula was observed with increasing HbA1C (>7.5%) and increasing BMI; however, no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT with retinal imaging was feasible in young individuals with @entity5471 and revealed ultrastructural macular and perimacular changes prior to manifest clinical disease.

title: Structural Changes by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in XXXX With @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Patterns of end-of-life @entity5 care differ in Canada and the United States; yet little is known about differences in service-specific and overall costs. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare end-of-life costs in Ontario, Canada, and the United States, using administrative health data. DESIGN: @entity1149 @entity1 who died from @entity5 at age    65.5   years in 2001-2005 were selected from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database (N   =   16,858) and the Ontario @entity5 Registry (N   =   8643). We estimated total and service-specific costs (2009   US dollars) in each of the last 6   months of life from the public payer perspectives for short-term and long-term survivors (lived   <180 and    180   days post-diagnosis, respectively). Services were defined for comparisons between systems. RESULTS: Mean monthly costs increased as @entity204 approached, were higher in short-term than long-term survivors, and were generally higher in the United States than in Ontario until the month before @entity204 , when they were similar (long-term survivors: US 10,464 and US 10,094 (p   =   0.53), short-term survivors US 14,455 and US 12,836 (p   =   0.11), in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare and Ontario, respectively). Costs for Medicare hospice and Ontario's palliative care components were similar and increased closer to @entity204 . Inpatient hospitalization was the main cost driver with similar costs in both cohorts, despite lower utilization in the United States. The compositions of many services and costs differed. CONCLUSION: Costs for @entity1149 @entity1 were slightly higher in the United States than Ontario until 1   month before @entity204 . Administrative data allow exploration and international comparisons of reimbursement policies, health-care delivery, and costs at the end of life.

title: An international comparison of costs of end-of-life care for advanced lung cancer XXXX using health administrative data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer', 'Advanced-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: U.T.M.D. Anderson Hospital cases filed as @entity1478 were reviewed. Malignant mixed @entity5 , @entity6020 , and poorly differentiated @entity242 of uncertain origin were excluded, and a minimum of 36 months follow-up was required. On pathologic examination, the remaining cases fell into two distinct groups: @entity6019 (11 cases) and poorly differentiated @entity1478 (seven cases). The former were characterized histologically by small to medium-sized uniform cells and distinctive arterial vasculature resembling the spiral arteries to the normal endometrium; they were thus considered to exhibit endometrial stromal differentiation. The latter showed topographic configurations indicative of endometrial origin but did not demonstrate endometrial stromal differentiation; they were composed of generally larger cells with nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism and had no distinctive vascular pattern. The mitotic rate was usually low in @entity6019 and high in poorly differentiated @entity1478 , although two examples of the former had more than 20 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. All but one of the @entity1 with @entity6019 were less than 50 years of age, whereas all of those with poorly differentiated @entity1478 were older than 50 years. One @entity1 with @entity6019 died of @entity5 , two were living with @entity5 at latest follow-up, and eight were clinically @entity5 -free. By contrast, six of those with poorly differentiated @entity1478 died of @entity5 , all within 34 months. The extent of @entity5 was the major prognostic factor in both groups; the three @entity1 with @entity6019 who were dead or living with @entity5 all had extrauterine extension at the time of hysterectomy (only one of the other eight did so) and all six who died with poorly differentiated @entity1478 had myometrial invasion (the one survivor had a @entity5 limited to the endometrium). Other pathologic factors, including mitotic rate, had no prognostic significance in either category; of particular interest was that both @entity1 who had @entity6019 with high mitotic rates were @entity5 -free. It is concluded that @entity6019 is a distinct @entity5 entity whose diagnosis should not depend on mitotic rate, and it is suggested that poorly differentiated @entity1478 is closely related to @entity3905 , in view of clinical and pathologic similarities.

title: @entity6019 and poorly differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity6020 :: ('MESH:D018195', 'Disease') :: ['M  llerian adenosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'M  llerian tumors']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma', 'endometrial stromal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3905 :: ('MESH:D018198', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mixed M  llerian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial sarcoma']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial sarcoma']


abstract: U.T.M.D. Anderson Hospital cases filed as @entity1478 were reviewed. Malignant mixed @entity5 , @entity6020 , and poorly differentiated @entity242 of uncertain origin were excluded, and a minimum of 36 months follow-up was required. On pathologic examination, the remaining cases fell into two distinct groups: @entity6019 (11 cases) and poorly differentiated @entity1478 (seven cases). The former were characterized histologically by small to medium-sized uniform cells and distinctive arterial vasculature resembling the spiral arteries to the normal endometrium; they were thus considered to exhibit endometrial stromal differentiation. The latter showed topographic configurations indicative of endometrial origin but did not demonstrate endometrial stromal differentiation; they were composed of generally larger cells with nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism and had no distinctive vascular pattern. The mitotic rate was usually low in @entity6019 and high in poorly differentiated @entity1478 , although two examples of the former had more than 20 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. All but one of the @entity1 with @entity6019 were less than 50 years of age, whereas all of those with poorly differentiated @entity1478 were older than 50 years. One @entity1 with @entity6019 died of @entity5 , two were living with @entity5 at latest follow-up, and eight were clinically @entity5 -free. By contrast, six of those with poorly differentiated @entity1478 died of @entity5 , all within 34 months. The extent of @entity5 was the major prognostic factor in both groups; the three @entity1 with @entity6019 who were dead or living with @entity5 all had extrauterine extension at the time of hysterectomy (only one of the other eight did so) and all six who died with poorly differentiated @entity1478 had myometrial invasion (the one survivor had a @entity5 limited to the endometrium). Other pathologic factors, including mitotic rate, had no prognostic significance in either category; of particular interest was that both @entity1 who had @entity6019 with high mitotic rates were @entity5 -free. It is concluded that @entity6019 is a distinct @entity5 entity whose diagnosis should not depend on mitotic rate, and it is suggested that poorly differentiated @entity1478 is closely related to @entity3905 , in view of clinical and pathologic similarities.

title: XXXX and poorly differentiated @entity1478 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity6019 :: (MESH:D018203,Disease) :: ['Endometrial stromal sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : The recent discovery of relevant biomarkers has reshaped our approach to therapy selection for @entity1 with @entity1149 . The unprecedented outcomes demonstrated with @entity4149 kinase inhibitors in molecularly defined cohorts of @entity1 has underscored the importance of genetic profiling in this disease. Despite published guidelines on biomarker testing, successful @entity5 genotyping faces significant hurdles at both @entity4207 and community-based practices. Oncologists are now faced with interpreting large-scale genomic data from multiple @entity5 types, possibly making it difficult to stay current with practice @entity2 . In addition, physicians' lack of time, resources, and face-to-face opportunities can interfere with the multidisciplinary approach that is essential to delivery of care. Finally, several challenges exist in optimizing the amount and quality of tissue for molecular testing. Recognizing the importance of biomarker testing, a series of advisory boards were recently convened to address these hurdles and clarify best practices. We reviewed these challenges and established recommendations to help optimize tissue acquisition, processing, and testing within the framework of a multidisciplinary approach. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Although several professional societies have incorporated biomarker testing recommendations into clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), health care providers still face considerable challenges when establishing and implementing these standards. Developing and instituting protocols to ensure that all appropriate @entity1 are tested for molecular biomarkers requires communication among the various specialists involved in the care of @entity1 with @entity1149 . This report provides insights into key challenges and recommendations for molecular testing of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 , summarized from a multidisciplinary team of experts spanning @entity4207 , community, and integrated health systems.

title: Molecular Testing for Treatment of Metastatic XXXX : How to Implement Evidence-Based Recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['standards in lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of physician-nurse supplementary triage assistance team (MDRNSTAT) from a hospital and @entity1 perspective. METHODS: This was a cost-effectiveness evaluation of a cluster randomized control trial comparing the MDRNSTAT with nurse-only triage in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) between the hours of 0800 and 1500. Cost was MDRNSTAT salary. Revenue was from Ontario's Pay-for-Results and @entity1 volume-case mix payment programs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was based on MDRNSTAT cost and three consequence assessments: 1) per additional @entity1 -seen; 2) per physician initial assessment (PIA) hour saved; and 3) per @entity341 length of stay (EDLOS) hour saved. @entity1 opportunity cost was determined. @entity1 satisfaction was quantified by a cost-benefit ratio. A sensitivity analysis extrapolating MDRNSTAT to different working hours, salary, and willingness-to-pay data was performed. RESULTS: The added cost of the MDRNSTAT was  3,597.27 [ 1,729.47 to    ] per additional @entity1 -seen,  75.37 [ 67.99 to  105.30] per PIA hour saved, and  112.99 [ 74.68 to  251.43] per EDLOS hour saved. From the hospital perspective, the cost-benefit ratio was 38.6 [19.0 to    ] and net present value of - 447,996 [- 435,646 to - 459,900]. For @entity1 , the cost-benefit ratio for satisfaction was 2.8 [2.3 to 4.6]. If MDRNSTAT performance were consistently implemented from noon to midnight, it would be more cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: The MDRNSTAT is not a cost-effective daytime strategy but appears to be more feasible during time periods with higher @entity1 volume, such as late morning to evening.

title: Cost-effectiveness of a physician-nurse supplementary triage assessment team at an academic tertiary care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity302 with electrical @entity159 in sleep (ESES) is a @entity302 with sleep-induced @entity302 discharges and acquired @entity73 or behavior. Treatment of ESES is assumed to improve cognitive outcome. The aim of this study is to create an overview of the current evidence for different treatment regimens in @entity1 with ESES syndrome. METHODS: A literature search using PubMed and Embase was performed. Articles were selected that contain original treatment data of @entity1 with ESES syndrome. Authors were contacted for additional information. Individual @entity1 data were collected, coded, and analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The three predefined main outcome measures were improvement in cognitive function, electroencephalography (EEG) pattern, and any improvement (cognition or EEG). RESULTS: The literature search yielded 1,766 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 112 articles and 950 treatments in 575 @entity1 could be analyzed. @entity734 ( @entity734 , n  =  495) were associated with improvement (i.e., cognition or EEG) in 49% of @entity1 , @entity1245 (n  =  171) in 68%, and @entity230 (n  =  166) in 81%. Surgery (n  =  62) resulted in improvement in 90% of @entity1 . In a subgroup analysis of @entity1 who were consecutively reported (585 treatments in 282 @entity1 ), we found improvement in a smaller proportion treated with @entity734 (34%), @entity1245 (59%), and @entity230 (75%), whereas the improvement percentage after surgery was preserved (93%). Possible predictors of improved outcome were treatment category, normal development before ESES onset, and the absence of @entity2526 . SIGNIFICANCE: Although most included studies were small and retrospective and their heterogeneity allowed analysis of only qualitative outcome data, this pooled analysis suggests superior efficacy of @entity230 and surgery in @entity75 with ESES.

title: Treatment of electrical XXXX in sleep: A pooled analysis of 575 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of cognition']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Epileptic encephalopathy', 'pediatric epilepsy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'Antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: 1. Regulation of the reduction of @entity9588 by the isolated perfused @entity35 liver was studied. 2. The rate of reduction was dependent on the rate of supply of @entity9588 and independent of perfusate @entity26 concentration. 3. The effect of pH was also examined; the rate of reduction was optimal at pH 7.4 and was inhibited to a greater extent by pH values below 7.4 than those above 7.4. 4. The effects of substrates on the rate of @entity9588 reduction was assessed. Reductants of the cytosolic and mitochondrial @entity2125 / @entity2125 couple were tested. @entity71254 (10mm), @entity880 (10mm), @entity653 (10mm) and @entity1068 (10mm) each had no effect. @entity12039 (10mm) stimulated the rate. 5. Dehydroascorbate (1mm), stimulated the rate of @entity9588 reduction; the stimulation did not appear to be attributable to the production of reduced substances that were excreted to reduce extracellular @entity9588 . 6. The effects of glucagon and @entity1919 on the rate of @entity9588 reduction were examined. Glucagon inhibited the rate by approx. 30% and half-maximal inhibition occurred at 0.1 nm, corresponding to the concentration at which half-maximal stimulation of @entity413 release occurred. @entity1919 stimulated @entity413 release but had no significant effect on the rate of @entity9588 reduction. It is concluded that the trans-plasma membrane redox system of liver that reduces extracellular @entity9588 is regulated by glucagon. The rate is also altered by the substrate @entity12039 . The effect of glucagon may be direct as it cannot be mimicked by @entity1919 and it occurs directly following exposure to the hormone.

title: Properties and regulation of a trans-plasma membrane redox system in XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone', 'Dihydroxyacetone']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP', 'cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['ferricyanide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity71254 :: ('CHEBI:64552', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Hydroxybutyrate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The exposure of @entity35 to @entity9734 (10 p.p.m.) for one hour daily for 30 days caused depletion of total lipids in all brain areas. The contents of phospholipid were elevated in cerebellum and brain stem, but were depleted in cerebral hemisphere. @entity165 levels showed an increase in various brain regions. On the other hand, @entity7746 were increased in cerebellum and brain stem, but were decreased in cerebral hemisphere. Interestingly, @entity165 /phospholipid ratio was increased in different regions of the brain. @entity9112 activity was elevated in cerebral hemisphere. Lipid peroxidation showed marked increment in whole brain and in all the brain areas studied. The results suggest that @entity9734 -exposure induces degradation of lipids. Interestingly, the lipid contents are affected differentially in the various parts of the brain.

title: Air pollutant sulfur dioxide-induced alterations on the levels of lipids, lipid peroxidation and XXXX activity in various regions of the @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity9112 :: (291437(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['lipase']


abstract: The exposure of @entity35 to @entity9734 (10 p.p.m.) for one hour daily for 30 days caused depletion of total lipids in all brain areas. The contents of phospholipid were elevated in cerebellum and brain stem, but were depleted in cerebral hemisphere. @entity165 levels showed an increase in various brain regions. On the other hand, @entity7746 were increased in cerebellum and brain stem, but were decreased in cerebral hemisphere. Interestingly, @entity165 /phospholipid ratio was increased in different regions of the brain. @entity9112 activity was elevated in cerebral hemisphere. Lipid peroxidation showed marked increment in whole brain and in all the brain areas studied. The results suggest that @entity9734 -exposure induces degradation of lipids. Interestingly, the lipid contents are affected differentially in the various parts of the brain.

title: Air pollutant sulfur dioxide-induced alterations on the levels of lipids, lipid peroxidation and @entity9112 activity in various regions of the XXXX brain.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The influence of cardioselective beta blockade on systemic hemodynamics and cardiac performance was assessed in 17 essential @entity101 @entity1 treated with @entity1406 (50 to 100 mg twice daily) for 1 month. Eleven @entity1 had a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure (less than 10 mm Hg); the other six @entity1 did not show significant blood pressure change. There was no difference in response of heart rate or cardiac output between the two groups [-14 +/- 1.6 (SE) vs. -9.5 +/- 2.08 bpm, NS, and -0.55 +/- 0.39 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.35 L/min, NS, respectively]. Mean transit time was significantly prolonged in both groups (1.9 +/- 0.56 vs. 1 +/- 0.53 seconds, NS), and changes in ejection fraction in the two groups were not significant. The only significant difference between the two groups was in the response of total peripheral resistance (-1.4 +/- 3.04 vs. +10.2 +/- 3.77 U . m2, p less than 0.05). The reduction in heart rate correlated significantly with control heart rate (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001) and the decreased in cardiac output correlated significantly (r = -0.77, p less than 0.001) and the decrease in cardiac output correlated significantly (r = -0.77, p less than 0.001) with the @entity998 . The changes in mean arterial pressure did not correlate with changes in cardiac output (r = 0.116). On the other hand, there was a significant correlation of 0.68 (p less than 0.01) between the changes in mean arterial pressure and the changes in total peripheral resistance. Changes in plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) were not significant in the nonresponders (1.8 +/- 0.9 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, NS), and the reduction of plasma @entity916 activity was significant in the group of responders (5.5 +/- 2.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the changes of mean arterial pressure and either initial PRA or the change in PRA. As regards plasma @entity2661 (measured in nine @entity1 ), there was a tendency to reduction in both responders and nonresponders (411 +/- 84 to 319 +/- 67 ng/L and 562 +/- 141 to 388 +/- 166, respectively); but changes did not reach statistical significance in both groups. It was concluded that @entity1406 reduces cardiac output by slowing heart rate; this reduction of cardiac output was not related to decreased cardiac performance. The mechanism of blood pressure reduction seems to be related to the response of systemic resistance to the diminution in cardiac output and not to the decrease in cardiac output per se, inasmuch as the latter occurred in both responders and nonresponders.

title: Relation of cardiovascular response to the hypotensive effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['initial cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['metoprolol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The lack of surgeons will be a future major problem in @entity1 care for multifaceted reasons. Niche specialties such as OMFS face an additional drawback because of the need for dual qualification. Special surgical training that gives students the opportunity to gain experience in the techniques of @entity545 ( @entity545 ) has therefore been established to promote interest in OMFS. METHODS: Two hands-on courses with 8 modules of 2  h for 10 students were established. Course modules included surgical techniques of @entity545 , such as local flaps in a complex facial defect on @entity1707 heads, and were supervised by two OMFS surgeons. The identical initial and final tests examined theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Questionnaires concerning basic demographic data, future career goals, and perception of surgical disciplines before and after the completion of the course were handed out. RESULTS: The 19 participating students (12 female, 7 male; median age 24        2.24) were in their 8.31        1.20 semester. Results of the tests showed improvement in knowledge following the courses (before 52.68        12.64 vs. after 77.89        11.37; p   <   0.05). Based on the Likert scale, an increase in interest in a career in OFMS was observed (3.90        1.18 vs. 2.72        1.33; p   <   0.05), but this was not so marked with regard to a career in a surgical discipline in general (1.93        1.30 vs. 1.62        1.19; p   >   0.05). Perception of OMFS as a surgical discipline changed (3.68        1.09 vs. 1.80        0.64; p   <   0.05). The following values also changed: students   perception of @entity545 in OMFS (14 (74.68  %) vs. 5 (25.32  %); 19 (100  %) vs. 0 (0  %)), evaluation of @entity545 as a study subject for medical students (7 (36.84  %) vs. 12 (63.16  %); 19 (100  %) vs. 0 (0  %)), and the interest in an OMFS elective subject (6 (31.58  %) vs. 13 (68.42  %); 18 (94.74  %) vs. 1 (5.26  %)) and as a final clinical year subject (4 (21.05  %) vs. 15 (78.95  %); 14 (73.68  %) vs. 5 (26.32  %)). CONCLUSIONS: Hands-on courses with complex @entity154 can be used to gain new professionals, even in niche specialties such as OMFS. Moreover, a hands-on course design, including innovative teaching methods and structured objective tests combined with a close student-teacher relationship and motivated instructors, is able to promote complex surgical skills in @entity545 .

title: Reconstruction of XXXX with local flaps - a training model for medical students?

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'plastic-reconstructive surgery']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial defects']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['facial defects']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Twice-daily radiation with concurrent chemotherapy is recognized as the standard of care for the treatment of limited stage @entity151 ( @entity151 ), but its utilization in this setting is unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze modern patterns of treatment for limited stage @entity151 and the impact on survival utilizing the National @entity5 Database. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2012, there were 25,045 @entity1 diagnosed with nonmetastatic @entity151 who met the selection criteria, of whom 22,626 had survival data. Those receiving 45 Gy in 1.5 Gy fractions twice-daily ( @entity5353 ) were compared with those receiving 45 to 72 Gy in 1.8 or 2.0 Gy fractions. Overall survival was analyzed via Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify covariates associated with survival. RESULTS: The utilization of @entity5353 radiation overall was 11.3%. Treatment at an @entity4207 center was associated with a higher likelihood of receiving @entity5353 treatment (odds ratio: 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95-2.69; p < 0.001). Median survival was 22.1, 17.2, 18.3, 19.2, and 19.5 months for @entity1 receiving 45 Gy @entity5353 , 45 Gy once-daily, 46 to 59.4 Gy once-daily, 60 to 61.2 Gy once-daily, and 62 to 72 Gy once-daily, respectively (p < 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons to @entity5353 ). On multivariate analysis, treatment at an @entity4207 center (hazard ratio: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.93; p < 0.001) and receipt of @entity5353 radiation (hazard ratio: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98; p = 0.008) were associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of @entity5353 radiation remains very limited, but is more commonly utilized in the @entity4207 setting. In this hospital-based study, @entity5353 fractionation was associated with improved survival over once-daily fractionation, even at doses >= 60 Gy.

title: Utilization of Hyperfractionated Radiation in Small-Cell Lung XXXX and Its Impact on Survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung carcinoma', 'SCLC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: In 65 out of 79 @entity1 with @entity3153 who had extensive electrostimulation studies, a follow-up evaluation (mean follow-up period 2.5 years) was performed. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: No therapy or therapy only during @entity591 . Group 2: Continuous oral drug therapy. There was no difference of antegrade and retrograde refractory periods, but there was a significant difference in the initiation of @entity591 . In group 1, the typical @entity591 using the AV node antegradely and the accessory pathway retrogradely was predominant, while in group 2, complex @entity943 ( @entity955 + @entity591 , @entity591 using the accessory pathway in both directions, @entity591 + AV-nodal @entity591 , isolated @entity955 ) during electrostimulation could be induced. all except 1 @entity1 in whom no @entity591 could be initiated were in group 1 (statistically significant difference). Thus the type of @entity591 which can be initiated during electrostimulation is a better predictor for the condition in the follow-up period than the refractory period. As concomitant disease there were 4 cases with @entity4924 (2 had additional @entity9930 ) and 3 cases with @entity9930 . 3 of the 4 @entity1 with @entity4924 were in group 2. 1 of the 64 @entity1 died during the follow-up period suddenly, but the cause of @entity204 is not known and possibly due to medical therapy. The mortality in a non-selected group of @entity1 with @entity3153 seems to be very low.

title: [Follow-up studies in 64 @entity1 with XXXX after electrostimulation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'reentry tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity9930 :: ('MESH:D054971', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein disease']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['WPW syndrome']


abstract: In 65 out of 79 @entity1 with @entity3153 who had extensive electrostimulation studies, a follow-up evaluation (mean follow-up period 2.5 years) was performed. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: No therapy or therapy only during @entity591 . Group 2: Continuous oral drug therapy. There was no difference of antegrade and retrograde refractory periods, but there was a significant difference in the initiation of @entity591 . In group 1, the typical @entity591 using the AV node antegradely and the accessory pathway retrogradely was predominant, while in group 2, complex @entity943 ( @entity955 + @entity591 , @entity591 using the accessory pathway in both directions, @entity591 + AV-nodal @entity591 , isolated @entity955 ) during electrostimulation could be induced. all except 1 @entity1 in whom no @entity591 could be initiated were in group 1 (statistically significant difference). Thus the type of @entity591 which can be initiated during electrostimulation is a better predictor for the condition in the follow-up period than the refractory period. As concomitant disease there were 4 cases with @entity4924 (2 had additional @entity9930 ) and 3 cases with @entity9930 . 3 of the 4 @entity1 with @entity4924 were in group 2. 1 of the 64 @entity1 died during the follow-up period suddenly, but the cause of @entity204 is not known and possibly due to medical therapy. The mortality in a non-selected group of @entity1 with @entity3153 seems to be very low.

title: [Follow-up studies in 64 XXXX with @entity3153 after electrostimulation].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Winter @entity3505 is threatened by drought in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China, thus, effective water-saving irrigation practices are urgently required to maintain its high winter @entity3505 production. This study was conducted from 2012 to 2014 to determine how supplemental irrigation (SI) affected soil moisture, photosynthesis, and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) production of winter @entity3505 by measuring the moisture in 0-20 cm (W2), 0-40 cm (W3), and 0-60 cm (W4) soil profiles. Rainfed (W0) and local SI practice (W1, irrigation with 60 mm each at jointing and anthesis) treatments were designed as controls. The irrigation amount for W3 was significantly lower than that for W1 and W4 but higher than that for W2. The soil relative water content (SRWC) in 0-40 cm soil profiles at jointing after SI for W3 was significantly lower than that for W1 and W4 but higher than that for W2. W3 exhibited lower SRWC in 100-140 and 60-140 cm soil profiles at anthesis after SI and at maturity, respectively, but higher root length density in 60-100 cm soil profiles than W1, W2 and W4. Compared with W1, W2 and W4, photosynthetic and transpiration rates and stomatal conductance of flag leaves for W3 were significantly greater during grain filling, particularly at the mid and later stages. The total @entity62 at maturity, @entity62 in grain and leaves, post-anthesis @entity62 accumulation and its contribution to grain and grain filling duration were higher for W3. The 1000-grain weight, grain yield and water use efficiency for W3 were the highest. Therefore, treatment of increasing SRWC in the 0-40 cm soil profiles to 65% and 70% field capacities at jointing and anthesis (W3), respectively, created a suitable soil moisture environment for winter @entity3505 production, which could be considered as a high yield and water-saving treatment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China.

title: Dry Matter Production, Photosynthesis of Flag Leaves and Water Use in Winter XXXX Are Affected by Supplemental Irrigation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 have significant effects on the geriatric population and the health care system. Prior studies have demonstrated both the safety of intravenous (IV) @entity1443 and its efficacy in decreasing perioperative @entity4784 consumption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of scheduled IV @entity1443 for perioperative @entity158 control on length of hospital stay, @entity158 level, @entity4784 use, rate of missed physical therapy (PT) sessions, adverse effects, and discharge disposition in geriatric @entity1 with @entity173 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 65 years and older admitted to a level I @entity130 center, who received operative treatment for a @entity173 over a 2-year period. Demographic data, in-hospital variables, and outcome measures were analyzed. Three hundred thirty-six consecutive @entity174 in 332 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. These @entity1 were divided into 2 cohorts. Group 1 (169 @entity174 ) consisted of @entity1 treated before the initiation of a standardized IV @entity1443 perioperative @entity158 control protocol, and group 2 (167 @entity174 ) consisted of those treated after the protocol was initiated. RESULTS: Group 2 had a statistically significant shorter mean length of hospital stay (4.4 vs 3.8 days), lower mean @entity158 score (4.2 vs 2.8), lower mean @entity4784 usage (41.3 vs 28.3 mg), lower rate of PT sessions missed (21.8% vs 10.4%), and higher likelihood of discharge home (7% vs 19%; P  <= .001). Use of IV @entity1443 was also consistently and independently predictive of the same variables (P < .01). CONCLUSION: The utilization of scheduled IV @entity1443 as part of a standardized @entity158 management protocol for geriatric @entity173 resulted in shortened length of hospital stay, @entity158 levels and @entity4784 use, fewer missed PT sessions, and higher rate of discharge to home. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level III.

title: Is Scheduled Intravenous XXXX Effective in the Pain Management Protocol of @entity173 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture', 'Hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['Acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 have significant effects on the geriatric population and the health care system. Prior studies have demonstrated both the safety of intravenous (IV) @entity1443 and its efficacy in decreasing perioperative @entity4784 consumption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of scheduled IV @entity1443 for perioperative @entity158 control on length of hospital stay, @entity158 level, @entity4784 use, rate of missed physical therapy (PT) sessions, adverse effects, and discharge disposition in geriatric @entity1 with @entity173 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 65 years and older admitted to a level I @entity130 center, who received operative treatment for a @entity173 over a 2-year period. Demographic data, in-hospital variables, and outcome measures were analyzed. Three hundred thirty-six consecutive @entity174 in 332 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. These @entity1 were divided into 2 cohorts. Group 1 (169 @entity174 ) consisted of @entity1 treated before the initiation of a standardized IV @entity1443 perioperative @entity158 control protocol, and group 2 (167 @entity174 ) consisted of those treated after the protocol was initiated. RESULTS: Group 2 had a statistically significant shorter mean length of hospital stay (4.4 vs 3.8 days), lower mean @entity158 score (4.2 vs 2.8), lower mean @entity4784 usage (41.3 vs 28.3 mg), lower rate of PT sessions missed (21.8% vs 10.4%), and higher likelihood of discharge home (7% vs 19%; P  <= .001). Use of IV @entity1443 was also consistently and independently predictive of the same variables (P < .01). CONCLUSION: The utilization of scheduled IV @entity1443 as part of a standardized @entity158 management protocol for geriatric @entity173 resulted in shortened length of hospital stay, @entity158 levels and @entity4784 use, fewer missed PT sessions, and higher rate of discharge to home. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level III.

title: Is Scheduled Intravenous @entity1443 Effective in the Pain Management Protocol of XXXX ?

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Geriatric Hip Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, cosmesis, and clinical outcome of intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) delivered prior to lumpectomy for @entity0 . METHODS: From December 2008 to March 2012, 75 @entity0 @entity1 (ages 34-66 years) were treated with IOERT during breast conservative surgery. IOERT was delivered using a mobile linear accelerator. Suitable energy and applicator size were chosen to ensure coverage of the @entity5 with anterior and posterior margins of 1 cm and lateral margins of 2 cm. @entity1 with sentinel node @entity3 or younger than 40 years received 8 Gy as boost followed by post-operative external beam radiation therapy of 50 Gy/25F; the others had 15 Gy, prescribed to the 90% isodose depth. Adjuvant treatment consisted of chemotherapy (55 @entity1 ), hormonal therapy (59 @entity1 ), or combined chemotherapy and hormonal therapy (41 @entity1 ). The safety, cosmesis, and short-term outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 54 months (range: 30-66 months). Two (2.7%) @entity1 developed post-surgical @entity1410 . Six (8.0%) @entity1 developed mild @entity0 . Eight (10.7%) @entity1 suffered from @entity158 . One (1.2%) @entity1 experienced a @entity281 . Sixteen (21.3%) @entity1 developed Grade 1 @entity3794 . Forty-three (57.3%) @entity1 had an excellent cosmetic result and 23 (30.7%) had a good cosmetic result. Three @entity1 had an ipsilateral breast recurrence, with an actual 3-year local recurrence rate of 4.0%. One @entity1 had an ipsilateral axillary recurrence, resulting in a 3-year regional recurrence rate of 1.3%. No distant @entity3 or deaths were observed. The 3-year disease free survival was 94.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative electron radiation therapy delivered prior to lumpectomy is safe and feasible for selected @entity1 with @entity0 . Early side effects, cosmesis and short-term efficacy are acceptable, but a longer follow-up is needed for evaluation of late side effects and long-term outcome.

title: Intraoperative radiation therapy delivered prior to lumpectomy for XXXX : a single institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast fibrosis', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']