abstract: The deposition of proteins in the form of amyloid fibrils and plaques is the characteristic feature of more than 20 degenerative conditions affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. As these conditions include @entity191 , several forms of fatal @entity1582 , and at least one condition associated with medical intervention (haemodialysis), they are of enormous importance in the context of present-day @entity1 health and welfare. Much remains to be learned about the mechanism by which the proteins associated with these diseases aggregate and form amyloid structures, and how the latter affect the functions of the organs with which they are associated. A great deal of information concerning these diseases has emerged, however, during the past 5 years, much of it causing a number of fundamental assumptions about the @entity66 to be re-examined. For example, it is now apparent that the ability to form amyloid structures is not an unusual feature of the small number of proteins associated with these diseases but is instead a general property of polypeptide chains. It has also been found recently that aggregates of proteins not associated with @entity66 can impair the ability of cells to function to a similar extent as aggregates of proteins linked with specific neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the mature amyloid fibrils or plaques appear to be substantially less toxic than the pre-fibrillar aggregates that are their precursors. The @entity137 of these early aggregates appears to result from an intrinsic ability to impair fundamental cellular processes by interacting with cellular membranes, causing oxidative stress and increases in free @entity141 that eventually lead to apoptotic or @entity39 cell death. The 'new view' of these diseases also suggests that other degenerative conditions could have similar underlying origins to those of the amyloidoses. In addition, cellular protection mechanisms, such as molecular chaperones and the protein degradation machinery, appear to be crucial in the prevention of disease in normally functioning living organisms. It also suggests some intriguing new factors that could be of great significance in the evolution of biological molecules and the mechanisms that regulate their behaviour.

title: Protein aggregation and aggregate XXXX : new insights into protein folding, misfolding diseases and biological evolution.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and the prion diseases"]

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In a @entity4306 family from Denmark, we identified a novel intragenic duplication of 9 @entity2036 in exon-2 of the @entity1 @entity20618 ( @entity20618 ) gene ( @entity73011 ) which at the @entity535 level resulted in the insertion of 3 @entity1522 within the activation peptide of @entity20618 ( @entity73012 ). The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of this unique genetic alteration on the function of @entity1 @entity20618 . METHODS: Wild-type and mutant cationic trypsinogens were produced recombinantly and purified to homogeneity. Trypsinogen activation was followed by enzymatic assays and @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Trypsinogen secretion was measured from transfected HEK 293T cells. RESULTS: Recombinant @entity20618 carrying the @entity73012 mutation exhibited greater than 10-fold increased autoactivation. Activation by @entity1 @entity467 also was accelerated by 10-fold. Secretion of the @entity73012 mutant from transfected cells was diminished, consistent with intracellular autoactivation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an intragenic duplication within the @entity20618 gene causing @entity4306 . The accelerated activation of @entity73012 by @entity467 is a unique biochemical property not found in any other @entity788 -associated trypsinogen mutant. In contrast, the robust autoactivation of the novel mutant confirms the notion that increased autoactivation is a disease-relevant mechanism in @entity4306 .

title: Intragenic duplication: a novel mutational mechanism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity73012 :: ('p|INS|24|I,IDK', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.K23_I24insIDK']

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity20618 :: ('5644', 'Gene') :: ['cationic trypsinogen', 'PRSS1']

answer: @entity4306 :: (MESH:C537262,Disease) :: ['hereditary pancreatitis']


abstract: Purinergic ionotropic P2X(7) receptor is widely distributed in brain. Strong evidence suggests that this receptor is related to inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes in many pathological states of central nervous system (CNS), including @entity15 ( @entity15 ). @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is the commonly used animal model of @entity15 . In this study we investigate the expression of P2X(7)R protein in @entity35 brain in the symptomatic phase of @entity6503 (day 10 post immunization) and after reversion of @entity16 (day 20 p.i.). We found the increased level of P2X(7)R protein in brain homogenates of @entity6503 @entity35 in both examined time windows. Immunohistochemical study revealed enhanced receptor's immunoreactivity. Immunoblots done with isolated cellular brain fractions indicated that the P2X(7)R overexpression is related to synaptosomal fraction in the symptomatic phase and to the glial ( @entity22324 ) fraction in the recovery phase of @entity6503 . Concomitantly, we noticed overexpression of astroglial marker GFAP in brain homogenates and astroglial fraction ( @entity22324 ), so as its enhanced immunoreactivity in brain sections (10 days p.i.) which did not decline to control values in the recovery phase, similarly to P2X(7)R expression. Results suggest the involvement of P2X(7)R-mediated signaling in the pathomechanisms of @entity6503 with the possible relevance of astrocytic pool of cells.

title: Expression of purinergic P2X7 receptor in XXXX brain during the symptomatic phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and after recovery of neurological deficits.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the emotional and @entity146 of orphans in Rakai District, Uganda, and to suggest interventions. Studies, elsewhere, have shown orphans to have high levels of @entity458 . However, in Uganda such studies are limited and no specific interventions have been suggested. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional unmatched case control design to compare emotional and @entity146 of 210 randomly selected primary school-going orphans and 210 non-orphans using quantitative and qualitative methods employing standardized questionnaires, Focus Group discussions and selected Key Informant interviews. All @entity1 were administered Rutter's @entity1 's Teacher Administered Behavior Questionnaire to measure @entity458 and a modified version of Cooper's Self-Report Measure for Social Adjustment. Standardized psychiatric assessments were done on @entity1 scoring > 9 on the Rutter's Scale, using the WHO-ICD-10 diagnostic checklists. RESULTS: Both orphans and non-orphans had high levels of @entity458 as measured using Rutter's questionnaire but with no significant statistical difference between the two groups (Rutter score > 9; 45.1% _ 36.5% respectively; p= 0.10) and no major @entity146 such as @entity716 , major affective or organic mental syndromes. Psychological distress was associated with poor academic performance (p=0.00) in both groups. More orphans than non-orphans had more common emotional and @entity146 , e.g., more orphans reported finding "life unfair and difficult" (p=0.03); 8.3% orphans compared to 5.1 % of the non-orphans reported having had past suicidal wishes (p=0.30) and more reported past "forced @entity734 " (p=0.05). Lastly, the orphans' social functioning in the family rated significantly worse compared to the non-orphans (p= 0.05). Qualitatively, orphans, compared to non-orphans were described as "needy, sensitive, isolative with low confidence and self-esteem and who often lacked love, protection, identity, security, play, food and shelter." Most lived in big poor families with few resources, faced stigma and were frequently relocated. Community resources were inadequate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, more orphans compared to non-orphans exhibited common emotional and @entity146 but no major @entity146 . Orphans were more likely to be emotionally needy, insecure, poor, exploited, abused, or neglected. Most lived in poverty with elderly widowed female caretakers. They showed high resilience in coping. To comprehensively address these problems, we recommend setting up a National Policy and Support Services for Orphans and Other Vulnerable @entity1 and their families, a National @entity1 Protection Agency for all @entity1 , @entity1 Guidance Counselors in those schools with many orphans and lastly social skills training for all @entity1 .

title: A comparison of the XXXX of primary school-going orphans and non-orphans in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress', 'psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral and emotional disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of @entity3519 as an idiopathic condition has only rarely been reported. We report a series of @entity1 with @entity1775 and persistent @entity3519 , with the aim of determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this syndrome. METHODS: Analysis of clinical database of @entity1 with @entity1765 . RESULTS: From our database of 224 @entity1 with @entity1775 , 20 had co-occurrence of @entity3519 as a @entity74 . Six @entity1 had @entity4676 , and 2 had idiopathic chronic motor/phonic @entity1775 . Twelve of the 20 had adult onset of @entity1775 (9 with motor/phonic @entity1775 and 3 with motor @entity1775 ). @entity3519 was focal in 12 @entity1 (cervical most common) and segmental in 8. A sensory geste was present in 8. Mean age of tic onset and @entity3519 was 28.3    19.7 and 40.5    15.3 years, respectively. Tics preceded @entity3519 in 12, @entity3519 preceded @entity1775 in 4, and 1 @entity1 had simultaneous onset of @entity3519 . In 3 @entity1 , symptoms' sequence could not be determined. Only 8 @entity1 required treatment for their @entity1775 . Botulinum toxin was the mainstay of @entity3519 treatment (16 @entity1 ), whereas 6 received @entity20286 . Six @entity1 each had @entity308 and @entity3119 , and 5 had @entity71 and @entity2915 . DISCUSSION: We have further characterized the syndrome of a primary condition of @entity1775 associated with persistent focal @entity3519 . Apart from the presence of @entity3519 , our data suggest that these @entity1 are differentiated from pure @entity1765 by a later age of onset, lesser severity of @entity1775 , and lower frequency of associated features.

title: The clinical syndrome of primary @entity1765 associated with XXXX : a large clinical series and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['primary disorder']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'Dystonia', '/segmental dystonia', 'tics and dystonia']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive compulsive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ["Tourette's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity20286 :: ('MESH:D014282', 'Chemical') :: ['trihexyphenidyl']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of @entity3519 as an idiopathic condition has only rarely been reported. We report a series of @entity1 with @entity1775 and persistent @entity3519 , with the aim of determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this syndrome. METHODS: Analysis of clinical database of @entity1 with @entity1765 . RESULTS: From our database of 224 @entity1 with @entity1775 , 20 had co-occurrence of @entity3519 as a @entity74 . Six @entity1 had @entity4676 , and 2 had idiopathic chronic motor/phonic @entity1775 . Twelve of the 20 had adult onset of @entity1775 (9 with motor/phonic @entity1775 and 3 with motor @entity1775 ). @entity3519 was focal in 12 @entity1 (cervical most common) and segmental in 8. A sensory geste was present in 8. Mean age of tic onset and @entity3519 was 28.3    19.7 and 40.5    15.3 years, respectively. Tics preceded @entity3519 in 12, @entity3519 preceded @entity1775 in 4, and 1 @entity1 had simultaneous onset of @entity3519 . In 3 @entity1 , symptoms' sequence could not be determined. Only 8 @entity1 required treatment for their @entity1775 . Botulinum toxin was the mainstay of @entity3519 treatment (16 @entity1 ), whereas 6 received @entity20286 . Six @entity1 each had @entity308 and @entity3119 , and 5 had @entity71 and @entity2915 . DISCUSSION: We have further characterized the syndrome of a primary condition of @entity1775 associated with persistent focal @entity3519 . Apart from the presence of @entity3519 , our data suggest that these @entity1 are differentiated from pure @entity1765 by a later age of onset, lesser severity of @entity1775 , and lower frequency of associated features.

title: The clinical syndrome of primary XXXX associated with @entity3519 : a large clinical series and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity1765 :: (MESH:D013981,Disease) :: ['tic disorder']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not over-activation of calpains during running exercise or tetanic contractions was a major factor to induce @entity75 in @entity121 . Relationship between the degrees of desmin degradation and @entity75 was also elucidated. We observed ultrastructural changes in soleus muscle fibers after 4-week unloading with or without running exercise. Calpain activity and desmin degradation were measured in atrophic soleus muscles before or after repeated @entity116 in vitro. @entity3396 activity was progressively increased and desmin degradation was correspondingly elevated in 1-, 2-, and 4-week of unloaded soleus muscles. @entity3396 activity and desmin degradation had an additional increase in unloaded soleus muscles after repeated @entity116 in vitro. @entity42498 , an inhibitor of calpains, reduced calpain activity and desmin degradation during tetanic contractions in unloaded soleus muscles. The 4-week unloading decreased the width of myofibrils and Z-disk in soleus fibers. After running exercise in unloaded group, Z-disks of adjacent myofibrils were not well in register but instead were longitudinally displaced. Calpain inhibition compromised exercise-induced misalignment of the Z-disks in @entity121 . These results suggest that tetanic contractions induce an over-activation of calpains which lead to higher degrees of desmin degradation in unloaded soleus muscle. Desmin degradation may loose connections between adjacent myofibrils, whereas running exercise results in @entity130 in unloaded soleus muscle.

title: Tetanic contractions impair sarcomeric Z-disk of XXXX via calpain pathway.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomere lesions']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic soleus muscle']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomere injury']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['atrophic soleus muscle']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test whether the rates of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions are higher in @entity1 treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CNT) for metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) relative to @entity1 treated with nephrectomy (NT) for non-mRCC. METHODS: We assessed 17,688 @entity1 treated with a NT between years 1999 and 2008, within the Florida Inpatient Database. Chi-square and Student t-tests were used to compare the statistical significance of differences in proportions and means, respectively. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses tested the relationship between surgery type (CNT vs. NT) and three end points: in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions. RESULTS: Overall, 6.0% of @entity1 underwent CNT. The rates of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions were 2.4, 26.5, and 24.3% in CNT @entity1 versus 0.9, 18.9, and 11.1% in NT @entity1 . At multivariable analyses, CNT @entity1 demonstrated a 2.0-, 1.3-, and 2.4-fold higher risk of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions (all P < 0.001). Similarly, more advanced age, comorbidity, and the cumulative number of secondary surgical procedures were independent predictors of a higher risk of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions is higher in @entity1 treated with CNT relative to NT. Older age, higher comorbidity, and the necessity of secondary surgical procedures further increases the risk of all aforementioned end points. Physicians should consider these observations during the planning of a CNT, and @entity1 should be informed accordingly.

title: Mortality and morbidity after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity854 are sometimes suspected in "imaging-negative" @entity1 with video EEG confirmed unilateral focal @entity302 suggestive of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), amygdala asymmetry is difficult to assess visually. This study examined a group of "imaging-negative" @entity1315 @entity1 , estimating amygdala volumes, to determine whether @entity75 might be detected. METHODS: Review of video EEG monitoring data yielded 11 @entity1 with EEG lateralised @entity1315 and normal structural imaging. Amygdala volumes were estimated in this group, in 77 @entity1 with pathologically verified @entity131 ( @entity131 ), and in 77 controls. RESULTS: Seven of 11 "imaging-negative" cases had both significant amygdala asymmetry and @entity1283 , concordant with @entity410 lateralisation. Although significant amygdala asymmetry occurred in 35 of 77 @entity131 @entity1 , it was never attributable to an @entity717 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity131 , @entity1 with @entity1283 were less likely to have suffered secondarily generalised @entity410 (p<0.05), and had an older age of @entity410 onset (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Abnormal @entity1283 is reported in seven cases of "imaging-negative" @entity1315 . Such abnormalities are not observed in @entity1 with @entity131 . It is postulated that @entity1283 may be attributable to a @entity851 or low grade @entity5 . It is suggested that amygdala volumetry is indicated in the investigation and diagnosis of "imaging-negative" @entity1315 .

title: Amygdala volumetry in "imaging-negative" XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormality']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cryptic amygdala lesions']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['amygdala enlargement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['amygdala abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['abnormally large ipsilateral amygdala']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: @entity4104 ( @entity4104 ), normally activated by Janus kinase (JAK) in response to cytokine stimulation, has been shown to have oncogenic potential. In addition to JAK, recent data suggest that @entity4104 can also be activated by other proteins such as the aberrant fusion protein, NPM- @entity7041 , which is expressed in a subset of @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ). In this study, we investigated the possible role of JAK in activating @entity4104 in @entity2108 using two @entity7041 -positive @entity2108 cell lines, Karpas 299 and SU-DHL-1. At the steady state, @entity7803 showed detectable @entity669 phosphorylation by immunoprecipitation. Treatment with @entity22943 , a JAK inhibitor, decreased but did not completely abrogate @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity7803 and @entity4104 in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained using two other inhibitors of @entity7803 , WHI-P131 and WHI-P154. These biochemical changes were associated with apoptosis in both cell lines that was coupled with activation of @entity522 and decreased @entity1836 and @entity588 . Cell cycle analysis revealed a decrease in the S phase, which may be attributed to @entity18923 downregulation and @entity994 ) upregulation. Importantly, the @entity669 kinase activity of NPM- @entity7041 , as assessed by an in vitro assay, decreased with increasing concentrations of @entity22943 . Our findings highlight the importance of @entity7803 in activating @entity4104 in @entity2108 , and that NPM- @entity7041 -mediated activation of @entity4104 is influenced by the functional status of @entity7803 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX induces apoptosis and decreases anaplastic lymphoma kinase activity in @entity2108 .

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3', 'STAT3']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALCL', 'systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity7803 :: (3718,Gene) :: ['JAK3']


abstract: @entity4104 ( @entity4104 ), normally activated by Janus kinase (JAK) in response to cytokine stimulation, has been shown to have oncogenic potential. In addition to JAK, recent data suggest that @entity4104 can also be activated by other proteins such as the aberrant fusion protein, NPM- @entity7041 , which is expressed in a subset of @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ). In this study, we investigated the possible role of JAK in activating @entity4104 in @entity2108 using two @entity7041 -positive @entity2108 cell lines, Karpas 299 and SU-DHL-1. At the steady state, @entity7803 showed detectable @entity669 phosphorylation by immunoprecipitation. Treatment with @entity22943 , a JAK inhibitor, decreased but did not completely abrogate @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity7803 and @entity4104 in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained using two other inhibitors of @entity7803 , WHI-P131 and WHI-P154. These biochemical changes were associated with apoptosis in both cell lines that was coupled with activation of @entity522 and decreased @entity1836 and @entity588 . Cell cycle analysis revealed a decrease in the S phase, which may be attributed to @entity18923 downregulation and @entity994 ) upregulation. Importantly, the @entity669 kinase activity of NPM- @entity7041 , as assessed by an in vitro assay, decreased with increasing concentrations of @entity22943 . Our findings highlight the importance of @entity7803 in activating @entity4104 in @entity2108 , and that NPM- @entity7041 -mediated activation of @entity4104 is influenced by the functional status of @entity7803 .

title: Inhibition of @entity7803 induces apoptosis and decreases anaplastic lymphoma kinase activity in XXXX .

answer: @entity2108 :: (MESH:D017728,Disease) :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that adolescent workers are at greater risk for @entity130 . AIMS: To investigate the severity of @entity130 across age groups. METHODS: Workers' compensation records were used to examine work related @entity130 among adolescents (15-19 years old), young adults (20-24 years old), and adults (25+ years old) between 1993 and 2000. The incidence of compensated @entity130 was calculated for each age group and compared by gender, industry, and @entity130 . The presence and degree of @entity73 in each age group was also examined. RESULTS: For males, adolescents and young adults had higher claim rates than adults. For females, adults had the highest claim rates and young adults the lowest. Rates of @entity73 indicated that age was positively associated with severity of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Indicators of health consequences, in particular presence of @entity73 , provide preliminary evidence that compensated @entity130 sustained by youth are not as serious as @entity130 sustained by adults. Nevertheless, there was evidence that some young workers sustain @entity130 that have long term consequences. Documenting the consequences of the @entity130 that young workers sustain has implications for secondary prevention efforts and health services policy.

title: Age related differences in work XXXX : a comparison of workers' compensation claims among adolescents, young adults, and adults.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['permanent impairment']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['work injuries', 'work injury', 'injuries', 'type of injury']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['injuries and permanent impairment']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of high-definition computed tomography (CT) in @entity102 media (COM) @entity1 and to present which parameters were useful or misleading for preoperative evaluation for management. Fifty cases of COM that underwent preoperative CT scanning at a tertiary referral center were retrospectively analyzed. Their CT scan reports were compared with the operative findings. The @entity1 had undergone tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy for COM between April 2008 and January 2010. @entity1 charts were used to obtain the necessary data. In 62% (31/50) of cases, the CT scan showed the presence of @entity3540 . Operative findings revealed @entity3540 in 61.8% (19/31) of these cases. However, when a bone eroding soft tissue mass involved the epitympanum on CT, the presence of @entity3540 was observed in 83.3% (15/18) of cases intraoperatively. @entity3540 was present in the mastoid or middle ear intraoperatively in 77.7% (7/9) of @entity1 with an external ear bony @entity473 found on CT. Despite 89.7, 85.29, and 90% agreement ratios for dehiscence of facial canal, lateral semicircular canal, and tegmen, respectively, CT could not detect dehiscence of these anatomic structures successfully. Based on these results, CT scanning has limitations but is a useful adjunct for the surgical management of COM @entity1 .

title: The role of computed tomography scanning in XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma', 'Cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['canal defect']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Deep seawater (DSW) utilization technology has been developed for the fields of medicine and health, among others. To clarify the health effects of DSW as compared with surface seawater (SSW) or tap water (TW), we investigated the changes of immune cell distribution of the peripheral blood, or subjective judgment scores, after hot water bathing. METHODS: Ten healthy young @entity1 were immersed for 10 min in DSW, SSW and TW heated to 42  C. Blood samples were collected before bathing, immediately after bathing and 60 min after bathing. Total and differential numbers of leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets (CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity1075 , @entity4071 , and @entity2940 ) were examined using an automated hematology analyzer and a flow cytometer, respectively. The subjective judgment scores were obtained by an oral comprehension test. RESULTS: Since the pre-bathing leukocyte count in the TW group was significantly different from those in the DSW and SSW groups, we excluded the findings of TW bathing from consideration. In hot DSW bathing, @entity405 -lymphocytes increased significantly immediately after bathing (p<0.05), in contrast to hot SSW bathing, in which no significant changes were detected in the lymphocyte subsets. Additionally, there were no significant changes between repeated measurements in the subjective judgment scores, though the score of thermal sensation in SSW bathing showed a significantly higher value immediately after bathing than before bathing (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increased @entity405 -lymphocytes in hot DSW bathing may improve @entity1 immune function as well as hot springs do, as compared with SSW bathing. Although hot DSW bathing may have the ability to change @entity1 immune cell distribution, well-designed studies are needed to clarify the health effects including not only DSW and SSW but also TW.

title: Effects of hot deep seawater bathing on the immune cell distribution in peripheral blood from healthy young XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine whether @entity1063 (NE) mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations in arteries of the pulmonary vasculature of cold-acclimated @entity35 . Twenty male @entity35 comprising two groups (Cold-acclimated for 12 weeks at 6  C, CA; Warm-acclimated for 12 weeks at 24   C, WA) were used. After anesthesia, the @entity358 (4 mm long) was isolated. Pulmonary artery with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric force measurements in a buffered salt solution. The doseresponse relations for the vascular responses to the isolated @entity358 to @entity1063 (NE), @entity2647 (PE) and @entity934 (Ach) were determined and compared in the CA group and the WA group. In the CA group, the vascular sensitivities to NE and PE-induced @entity2472 in the @entity358 was significantly lowered than that in the WA group. NE and PE-induced contractions were significandy greater in endotheliumdenuded compared with endothelium-intact arteries. These differences of @entity2472 responses to NE and PE between arteries with widiout endothelium were significantly greater in the CA group than in the WA group. There was no significant difference between the pulmonary arterial response to Ach in the CA group and that in the WA group. Our data suggest that chronic exposure to cold show decreased NE and PE-induced @entity2472 responses in isolated pulmonary arteries and may decrease NE-induced @entity2472 responses due to enhancing NE-induced endodielium derived relaxing factor release via up-regulating endothelial a-adrenoceptors.

title: Increase of XXXX -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of @entity358 in @entity35 after chronic exposure to cold.

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contraction']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine whether @entity1063 (NE) mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations in arteries of the pulmonary vasculature of cold-acclimated @entity35 . Twenty male @entity35 comprising two groups (Cold-acclimated for 12 weeks at 6  C, CA; Warm-acclimated for 12 weeks at 24   C, WA) were used. After anesthesia, the @entity358 (4 mm long) was isolated. Pulmonary artery with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric force measurements in a buffered salt solution. The doseresponse relations for the vascular responses to the isolated @entity358 to @entity1063 (NE), @entity2647 (PE) and @entity934 (Ach) were determined and compared in the CA group and the WA group. In the CA group, the vascular sensitivities to NE and PE-induced @entity2472 in the @entity358 was significantly lowered than that in the WA group. NE and PE-induced contractions were significandy greater in endotheliumdenuded compared with endothelium-intact arteries. These differences of @entity2472 responses to NE and PE between arteries with widiout endothelium were significantly greater in the CA group than in the WA group. There was no significant difference between the pulmonary arterial response to Ach in the CA group and that in the WA group. Our data suggest that chronic exposure to cold show decreased NE and PE-induced @entity2472 responses in isolated pulmonary arteries and may decrease NE-induced @entity2472 responses due to enhancing NE-induced endodielium derived relaxing factor release via up-regulating endothelial a-adrenoceptors.

title: Increase of @entity1063 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of XXXX in @entity35 after chronic exposure to cold.

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine whether @entity1063 (NE) mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations in arteries of the pulmonary vasculature of cold-acclimated @entity35 . Twenty male @entity35 comprising two groups (Cold-acclimated for 12 weeks at 6  C, CA; Warm-acclimated for 12 weeks at 24   C, WA) were used. After anesthesia, the @entity358 (4 mm long) was isolated. Pulmonary artery with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric force measurements in a buffered salt solution. The doseresponse relations for the vascular responses to the isolated @entity358 to @entity1063 (NE), @entity2647 (PE) and @entity934 (Ach) were determined and compared in the CA group and the WA group. In the CA group, the vascular sensitivities to NE and PE-induced @entity2472 in the @entity358 was significantly lowered than that in the WA group. NE and PE-induced contractions were significandy greater in endotheliumdenuded compared with endothelium-intact arteries. These differences of @entity2472 responses to NE and PE between arteries with widiout endothelium were significantly greater in the CA group than in the WA group. There was no significant difference between the pulmonary arterial response to Ach in the CA group and that in the WA group. Our data suggest that chronic exposure to cold show decreased NE and PE-induced @entity2472 responses in isolated pulmonary arteries and may decrease NE-induced @entity2472 responses due to enhancing NE-induced endodielium derived relaxing factor release via up-regulating endothelial a-adrenoceptors.

title: Increase of @entity1063 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of @entity358 in XXXX after chronic exposure to cold.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity385 is a major, urgent @entity16 in which reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are deeply involved in the detrimental effects. @entity902 nanoparticle (nPt) species are a novel and strong scavenger of such ROS, so we examined the clinical and neuroprotective effects of nPts in @entity19 @entity63 brain. @entity19 were subjected to transient @entity2500 (tMCAO) for 60 min. Upon reperfusion, nPt or vehicle was administered intravenously. At 48 hr after the tMCAO, motor function, @entity1188 volume, immunohistochemistry of neurovascular components (endothelial NAGO, tight junctional occludin, and basal laminal collagen IV), and zymography for @entity1235 activity were examined. @entity224 anion generation at 2 hr after tMCAO was determined with oxidized @entity23410 . Compared with vehicle, treatment with nPts significantly improved the motor function and greatly reduced the @entity1188 volume, especially in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that tMCAO resulted in a minimal decrease of NAGO and occludin but a great decrease of collagen IV and a remarkable increase of @entity1235 . Treatment with nPts greatly reduced this decrease of collagen IV and activation of @entity1235 and, with large reductions of @entity1235 activation on zymography and @entity224 production. The present study demonstrates that treatment with nPts ameliorates the neurological scores with a large reduction in @entity1188 size as well as the preservation of outer components of the neurovascular unit (collagen IV) and inactivation of @entity1235 . A strong reduction of @entity224 anion production by nPts could account for such remarkable neurobehavioral and neuroprotective effects on @entity385 .

title: Neurological and pathological improvements of @entity385 in @entity19 with XXXX nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity23410 :: ('MESH:C058428', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroethidine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: @entity385 is a major, urgent @entity16 in which reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are deeply involved in the detrimental effects. @entity902 nanoparticle (nPt) species are a novel and strong scavenger of such ROS, so we examined the clinical and neuroprotective effects of nPts in @entity19 @entity63 brain. @entity19 were subjected to transient @entity2500 (tMCAO) for 60 min. Upon reperfusion, nPt or vehicle was administered intravenously. At 48 hr after the tMCAO, motor function, @entity1188 volume, immunohistochemistry of neurovascular components (endothelial NAGO, tight junctional occludin, and basal laminal collagen IV), and zymography for @entity1235 activity were examined. @entity224 anion generation at 2 hr after tMCAO was determined with oxidized @entity23410 . Compared with vehicle, treatment with nPts significantly improved the motor function and greatly reduced the @entity1188 volume, especially in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that tMCAO resulted in a minimal decrease of NAGO and occludin but a great decrease of collagen IV and a remarkable increase of @entity1235 . Treatment with nPts greatly reduced this decrease of collagen IV and activation of @entity1235 and, with large reductions of @entity1235 activation on zymography and @entity224 production. The present study demonstrates that treatment with nPts ameliorates the neurological scores with a large reduction in @entity1188 size as well as the preservation of outer components of the neurovascular unit (collagen IV) and inactivation of @entity1235 . A strong reduction of @entity224 anion production by nPts could account for such remarkable neurobehavioral and neuroprotective effects on @entity385 .

title: Neurological and pathological improvements of XXXX in @entity19 with @entity902 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: @entity385 is a major, urgent @entity16 in which reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are deeply involved in the detrimental effects. @entity902 nanoparticle (nPt) species are a novel and strong scavenger of such ROS, so we examined the clinical and neuroprotective effects of nPts in @entity19 @entity63 brain. @entity19 were subjected to transient @entity2500 (tMCAO) for 60 min. Upon reperfusion, nPt or vehicle was administered intravenously. At 48 hr after the tMCAO, motor function, @entity1188 volume, immunohistochemistry of neurovascular components (endothelial NAGO, tight junctional occludin, and basal laminal collagen IV), and zymography for @entity1235 activity were examined. @entity224 anion generation at 2 hr after tMCAO was determined with oxidized @entity23410 . Compared with vehicle, treatment with nPts significantly improved the motor function and greatly reduced the @entity1188 volume, especially in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that tMCAO resulted in a minimal decrease of NAGO and occludin but a great decrease of collagen IV and a remarkable increase of @entity1235 . Treatment with nPts greatly reduced this decrease of collagen IV and activation of @entity1235 and, with large reductions of @entity1235 activation on zymography and @entity224 production. The present study demonstrates that treatment with nPts ameliorates the neurological scores with a large reduction in @entity1188 size as well as the preservation of outer components of the neurovascular unit (collagen IV) and inactivation of @entity1235 . A strong reduction of @entity224 anion production by nPts could account for such remarkable neurobehavioral and neuroprotective effects on @entity385 .

title: Neurological and pathological improvements of @entity385 in XXXX with @entity902 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIM: To detect and verify the existence of a specific form of T-cell @entity5 accompanied by @entity75 of bone marrow and @entity2150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four @entity1 with @entity2150 were examined using clinical, histological, cytological, cytogenetic, and immunophenotypic methods. RESULTS: Four cases of @entity5 of bone marrow with clinical and morphological manifestations of @entity2150 and scanty proliferation activity in bone marrow alone were diagnosed. The proliferation activity in bone marrow was observed as formation of small clusters composed of small-size lymphoid cells with dense nucleus. Dynamic monitoring of two @entity1 revealed a trend toward an increase in the lymphoproliferation base against the remaining clinical picture of @entity2150 . The T-cell immunophenotype characterized by disappearance of some markers or decrease in their density, was observed only in some blood and bone marrow lymphocytes. The most significant changes of immunophenotype were observed in one of the @entity1 (CD2+CD3-CD4-CD5-CD7-CD8-CD16-CD56-CD45RO++). The same @entity1 had pronounced cytogenetic changes (47XY+Y[8], 47, XY, del(1)( @entity6585 ) [23], 46 XY [3]) and resistance to routine therapy, including @entity205 . In one @entity1 the process transformed into @entity1893 . CONCLUSION: The results obtained in four @entity1 allow their clinicomorphological characteristics to be regarded as particular forms of @entity5 accompanied by @entity236 and @entity2150 .

title: [ @entity5 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T-cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic syndrome', 'aplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow damage']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic syndromes']


abstract: AIM: To detect and verify the existence of a specific form of T-cell @entity5 accompanied by @entity75 of bone marrow and @entity2150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four @entity1 with @entity2150 were examined using clinical, histological, cytological, cytogenetic, and immunophenotypic methods. RESULTS: Four cases of @entity5 of bone marrow with clinical and morphological manifestations of @entity2150 and scanty proliferation activity in bone marrow alone were diagnosed. The proliferation activity in bone marrow was observed as formation of small clusters composed of small-size lymphoid cells with dense nucleus. Dynamic monitoring of two @entity1 revealed a trend toward an increase in the lymphoproliferation base against the remaining clinical picture of @entity2150 . The T-cell immunophenotype characterized by disappearance of some markers or decrease in their density, was observed only in some blood and bone marrow lymphocytes. The most significant changes of immunophenotype were observed in one of the @entity1 (CD2+CD3-CD4-CD5-CD7-CD8-CD16-CD56-CD45RO++). The same @entity1 had pronounced cytogenetic changes (47XY+Y[8], 47, XY, del(1)( @entity6585 ) [23], 46 XY [3]) and resistance to routine therapy, including @entity205 . In one @entity1 the process transformed into @entity1893 . CONCLUSION: The results obtained in four @entity1 allow their clinicomorphological characteristics to be regarded as particular forms of @entity5 accompanied by @entity236 and @entity2150 .

title: [ XXXX with @entity2150 ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['T-cell tumors']


abstract: The aims of the study were to evaluate the short-term effects of a new thermosensitive, @entity270 (V-E) mousse on local free radicals (FR) and skin flux in @entity532 . A group of 40 @entity1 with @entity532 was included. The variation in measurements of skin FR was evaluated by the D-Rom test. Subjects were between 45 and 65 years with @entity2175 and good metabolic control. E-mousse, a thermoactive preparation of acetate @entity270 (20%), was applied twice daily on the whole surface of the leg (below knee) and foot for 3 weeks. The contralateral leg was untreated acting as control. Subjects with age between 45 and 65 years with @entity2175 (diagnosed at least 5 years before) and good metabolic control (blood sugar < 180 mg/dL) were included after informed consent. @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity6 , @entity1095 , and severe lower limbs infections were excluded. Local free radicals (FR) and laser Doppler flux including the venoarteriolar response (VAR) were evaluated. The tolerability was evaluated by a semiquantitative score. Of the 40 included @entity1 34 completed the study. The 2 groups were comparable. At 3 weeks there was no decrease in FR in controls; the decrease in the treatment group was 45.3% (p < 0.05). Also in the treatment group RF decreased (p < 0.05) and the VARveno improved from an average of 21% to an average of 38% (p < 0.05). No significant variations were observed in the control group. The variation in symptomatic score was from a total value of 8 to 5 in the control group and from 8 to 1 in the treatment group (p < 0.02). Their tolerability was good. In conclusion local treatment with E-mousse for 3 weeks in @entity532 improves skin microcirculation and the metabolic condition as shown by the decrease in FR.

title: Evaluation of the local effects of @entity270 (E-Mousse) on free radicals in XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']


abstract: The aims of the study were to evaluate the short-term effects of a new thermosensitive, @entity270 (V-E) mousse on local free radicals (FR) and skin flux in @entity532 . A group of 40 @entity1 with @entity532 was included. The variation in measurements of skin FR was evaluated by the D-Rom test. Subjects were between 45 and 65 years with @entity2175 and good metabolic control. E-mousse, a thermoactive preparation of acetate @entity270 (20%), was applied twice daily on the whole surface of the leg (below knee) and foot for 3 weeks. The contralateral leg was untreated acting as control. Subjects with age between 45 and 65 years with @entity2175 (diagnosed at least 5 years before) and good metabolic control (blood sugar < 180 mg/dL) were included after informed consent. @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity6 , @entity1095 , and severe lower limbs infections were excluded. Local free radicals (FR) and laser Doppler flux including the venoarteriolar response (VAR) were evaluated. The tolerability was evaluated by a semiquantitative score. Of the 40 included @entity1 34 completed the study. The 2 groups were comparable. At 3 weeks there was no decrease in FR in controls; the decrease in the treatment group was 45.3% (p < 0.05). Also in the treatment group RF decreased (p < 0.05) and the VARveno improved from an average of 21% to an average of 38% (p < 0.05). No significant variations were observed in the control group. The variation in symptomatic score was from a total value of 8 to 5 in the control group and from 8 to 1 in the treatment group (p < 0.02). Their tolerability was good. In conclusion local treatment with E-mousse for 3 weeks in @entity532 improves skin microcirculation and the metabolic condition as shown by the decrease in FR.

title: Evaluation of the local effects of XXXX (E-Mousse) on free radicals in @entity532 : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the second leading cause of @entity5 among @entity1 in the United States. Although the incidence of @entity0 is 13% higher in white @entity1 , mortality in black @entity1 is 28% higher, due to histological and socioeconomic factors. Existing research regarding racial differences in compliance with @entity0 screening recommendations has found conflicting results. METHODS: Data on more than 4,500 @entity1 were taken from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative, population-based sample survey. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative odds of knowledge of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and mammograms, and compliance with @entity0 , clinical breast exams (CBE), and mammograms. RESULTS: Black @entity1 were less likely than white @entity1 to be aware of and use @entity0 screening tests. However, among @entity1 who were aware of screening tests, compliance was higher among black @entity1 . @entity1 with low educational attainment, low @entity5 knowledge, and no usual source of care were less likely to be CBE or mammogram compliant. Socioeconomic differences were larger for the two clinical tests than for @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Programs should inform @entity1 about @entity5 screening tests and remove barriers that hinder @entity1 from receiving clinical screening exams.

title: Racial differences in XXXX screening, knowledge and compliance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast self-exam', 'breast cancer', 'BSE']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The CyberKnife is an appealing delivery system for hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) because of its ability to deliver highly conformal radiation therapy to moving targets. This conformity is achieved via 100s of non-coplanar radiation beams, which could potentially increase transitory testicular irradiation and result in post-therapy @entity6126 . We report on our early experience with CyberKnife SBRT for low- to intermediate-risk @entity263 @entity1 and assess the rate of inducing biochemical and clinical @entity6126 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated with hypofractionated SBRT to a dose of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. All @entity1 had histologically confirmed low- to intermediate-risk @entity263 (clinical stage  <= T2b, Gleason score  <= 7, PSA  <= 20 ng/ml). PSA and total @entity251 levels were obtained pre-treatment, 1 month post-treatment and every 3 months thereafter, for 1 year. Biochemical @entity6126 was defined as a total serum @entity251 level below 8 nmol/L. Urinary and gastrointestinal @entity137 was assessed using Common @entity137 Criteria v3; quality of life was assessed using the American Urological Association Symptom Score, Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 and Expanded @entity263 Index Composite questionnaires. RESULTS: All 26 @entity1 completed the treatment with a median 15 months (range, 13-19 months) follow-up. Median pre-treatment PSA was 5.75 ng/ml (range, 2.3-10.3 ng/ml), and a decrease to a median of 0.7 ng/ml (range, 0.2-1.8 ng/ml) was observed by one year post-treatment. The median pre-treatment total serum @entity251 level was 13.81 nmol/L (range, 5.55 - 39.87 nmol/L). Post-treatment @entity251 levels slowly decreased with the median value at one year follow-up of 10.53 nmol/L, significantly lower than the pre-treatment value (p < 0.013). The median absolute fall was 3.28 nmol/L and the median percent fall was 23.75%. There was no increase in biochemical @entity6126 at one year post-treatment. Average EPIC sexual and hormonal scores were not significantly changed by one year post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated SBRT offers the radiobiological benefit of a large fraction size and is well-tolerated by @entity1 with low- to intermediate-risk @entity263 . Early results are encouraging with an excellent biochemical response. The rate of new biochemical and clinical @entity6126 was low one year after treatment.

title: Low incidence of new biochemical and clinical @entity6126 following hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) monotherapy for low- to intermediate-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The CyberKnife is an appealing delivery system for hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) because of its ability to deliver highly conformal radiation therapy to moving targets. This conformity is achieved via 100s of non-coplanar radiation beams, which could potentially increase transitory testicular irradiation and result in post-therapy @entity6126 . We report on our early experience with CyberKnife SBRT for low- to intermediate-risk @entity263 @entity1 and assess the rate of inducing biochemical and clinical @entity6126 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated with hypofractionated SBRT to a dose of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. All @entity1 had histologically confirmed low- to intermediate-risk @entity263 (clinical stage  <= T2b, Gleason score  <= 7, PSA  <= 20 ng/ml). PSA and total @entity251 levels were obtained pre-treatment, 1 month post-treatment and every 3 months thereafter, for 1 year. Biochemical @entity6126 was defined as a total serum @entity251 level below 8 nmol/L. Urinary and gastrointestinal @entity137 was assessed using Common @entity137 Criteria v3; quality of life was assessed using the American Urological Association Symptom Score, Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 and Expanded @entity263 Index Composite questionnaires. RESULTS: All 26 @entity1 completed the treatment with a median 15 months (range, 13-19 months) follow-up. Median pre-treatment PSA was 5.75 ng/ml (range, 2.3-10.3 ng/ml), and a decrease to a median of 0.7 ng/ml (range, 0.2-1.8 ng/ml) was observed by one year post-treatment. The median pre-treatment total serum @entity251 level was 13.81 nmol/L (range, 5.55 - 39.87 nmol/L). Post-treatment @entity251 levels slowly decreased with the median value at one year follow-up of 10.53 nmol/L, significantly lower than the pre-treatment value (p < 0.013). The median absolute fall was 3.28 nmol/L and the median percent fall was 23.75%. There was no increase in biochemical @entity6126 at one year post-treatment. Average EPIC sexual and hormonal scores were not significantly changed by one year post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated SBRT offers the radiobiological benefit of a large fraction size and is well-tolerated by @entity1 with low- to intermediate-risk @entity263 . Early results are encouraging with an excellent biochemical response. The rate of new biochemical and clinical @entity6126 was low one year after treatment.

title: Low incidence of new biochemical and clinical XXXX following hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) monotherapy for low- to intermediate-risk @entity263 .

answer: @entity6126 :: (MESH:D007006,Disease) :: ['hypogonadism']


abstract: The effect of physical training on the time course of sweat rate in @entity1 has been examined. Physically untrained and trained young female subjects pedaled a bicycle ergometer at work rates of 483 and 981 kgm. @entity1009 , for 2 h in summer and winter in an ambient environment of 30 degrees C db and 60% rh. The trained @entity1 also worked at 1,070 kgm. @entity1009 and the untrained at 391 kgm. @entity1009 . Rectal temperature was measured, and capsule sweat samples were collected from the back every 5 min. Sweating was initiated more rapidly in the trained group than in the untrained group. The trained group working at a load of 981 kgm. @entity1009 exhibited a progressive decrease in sweat rate. This was not observed at a work load of 483 kgm. @entity1009 . Hidromeiosis was rarely seen in the untrained group. However, in the untrained @entity1 who underwent 60 days of physical training, initiation of sweating occurred more quickly and hidromeiosis was observed. It was concluded that previous physical training improved @entity1 's capacity for useful sweating during exercise in a hot environment.

title: Effect of physical training on exercise-induced sweating in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The treatment of dysthymia in itself poses a problem in the everyday @entity146 practice and it can be further hindered when accompanied by pronounced personality traits (which are @entity74 ). Due to its @entity4122 interferes with the @entity1 's quality of life and the ability to function in some segments of everyday life. These interferences enticed our @entity1 to opt for @entity146 treatment. During a three-year period, despite all the efforts made by psychiatrists in this comprehensive and challenging dysthymia treatment (psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, psychopharmacotherapy), the expected outcomes of the treatment did not occur. The @entity1 's goals and expectations included lifestyle change, achieving life satisfaction and mood improvement. The @entity1 was refusing suggested psychopharmaca until confronted, in psychotherapy, with the fact that she is the one prolonging her own helplessness and directing her passive agression at the members of the group. In the end the patent agreed to take psychopharmaca. Therefore, sertraline was introduced in the treatment, but the @entity1 experienced a severe @entity56 (Qiuncke's @entity4 ). After four months the second attempt was made and escitaloptam was introduced, which resulted in @entity110 . Due to these @entity56 to antidepressants, the @entity1 decided not to pursue the psychopharmacological treatment.

title: XXXX --outcome of sertraline and escitalopram treatments.

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['pathology and duration dysthymia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['indicative of disorder']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic reactions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clearance of surgical margins at the primary site is widely thought to influence the subsequent course of the disease in @entity1 operated on for oral and @entity189 . In some reports the adverse impact of close or involved margins was not negated by postoperative radiotherapy. These findings, in addition to descriptive histopathological studies, have led some authors to recommend margins of more than a macroscopic clearance of 1cm at certain subsites. We have therefore examined the relation between the condition of surgical margins and local recurrence and disease-specific survival. METHODS: Identical treatment protocols were used to treat two independent groups of @entity1 (Sydney, Australia, n=237; Lanarkshire, n=95) who presented with previously untreated @entity1697 or oropharynx. All @entity1 were operated on with the primary objective of achieving a macroscopic clearance of 1cm. Postoperative radiotherapy was used according to a protocol. Data about @entity1 were entered into comprehensive computerised databases prospectively. Known clinical and pathological prognostic indicators, in addition to the condition of surgical margins, were analysed to find out if they were predictive of local recurrence and disease-specific survival using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Local recurrence was predicted by the presence of perineural invasion at the primary site in both groups. Disease-specific survival was predicted by the presence and extent of regional lymph node @entity3 in both groups. The condition of surgical margins (clear, close, or involved) did not predict local recurrence, or disease-specific survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: A macroscopic margin of 1cm seems adequate in the surgical management of oral and @entity189 . For most @entity1 who have close or involved margins the biology of the disease influences the subsequent course irrespective of the width of clearance of @entity5 .

title: Influence of condition of surgical margins on local recurrence and disease-specific survival in oral and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the mouth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1204 is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed countries. Clinical studies have shown that early stage uterine @entity189 (USC) has outcomes similar to early stage high grade @entity4348 ( @entity44477 ) than to early stage low grade @entity4348 ( @entity44477 ). However, little is known about the origin of these different clinical outcomes. This study applied the whole genome expression profiling to explore the expression difference of stage I USC (n=11) relative to stage I @entity44477 (n=11) and stage I @entity44477 (n=11), respectively. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: We found that the expression difference between USC and @entity44477 , as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), is consistently less than that found between USC and @entity44477 . Pathway enrichment analyses suggested that DEGs specific to USC vs. @entity44477 are enriched for genes involved in signaling transduction, while DEGs specific to USC vs. @entity44477 are enriched for genes involved in cell cycle. Gene expression differences for selected DEGs are confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR with a high validation rate. CONCLUSION: This data, although preliminary, indicates that stage I USC is genetically similar to stage I @entity44477 compared to stage I @entity44477 . DEGs identified from this study might provide an insight in to the potential mechanisms that influence the clinical outcome differences between @entity1204 subtypes. They might also have potential prognostic and therapeutic impacts on @entity1 diagnosed with uterine @entity5 .

title: Gene expression profiles in stage I uterine @entity189 in comparison to grade 3 and grade 1 stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1204 is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed countries. Clinical studies have shown that early stage uterine @entity189 (USC) has outcomes similar to early stage high grade @entity4348 ( @entity44477 ) than to early stage low grade @entity4348 ( @entity44477 ). However, little is known about the origin of these different clinical outcomes. This study applied the whole genome expression profiling to explore the expression difference of stage I USC (n=11) relative to stage I @entity44477 (n=11) and stage I @entity44477 (n=11), respectively. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: We found that the expression difference between USC and @entity44477 , as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), is consistently less than that found between USC and @entity44477 . Pathway enrichment analyses suggested that DEGs specific to USC vs. @entity44477 are enriched for genes involved in signaling transduction, while DEGs specific to USC vs. @entity44477 are enriched for genes involved in cell cycle. Gene expression differences for selected DEGs are confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR with a high validation rate. CONCLUSION: This data, although preliminary, indicates that stage I USC is genetically similar to stage I @entity44477 compared to stage I @entity44477 . DEGs identified from this study might provide an insight in to the potential mechanisms that influence the clinical outcome differences between @entity1204 subtypes. They might also have potential prognostic and therapeutic impacts on @entity1 diagnosed with uterine @entity5 .

title: Gene expression profiles in stage I uterine XXXX in comparison to grade 3 and grade 1 stage I @entity4348 .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['serous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of @entity6051 mofetil ( @entity2098 ) plus interferon beta-1a (IFNB-1a) in treatment of @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) was evaluated. METHODS: This was a pilot study with randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. @entity1 with @entity3780 and Expanded Disability Status Scale score (EDSS) of < 6.0 were included. Those with relapse within the previous two months and prior use of immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive drugs were excluded. @entity1 were randomized into @entity2098 (n = 13) and placebo (n = 13) groups and received weekly intramuscular IFNB-1a plus either @entity2098 or placebo. @entity2098 started by 500 mg/d for one week and weekly escalated by 500 mg/d, until target divided dose of 2000 mg/d and continued for 12 months. Radiologic and clinical assessments were performed at baseline and then at month 12. RESULTS: After one year of therapy, difference between the two groups in number of new T2 lesions was not statistically significant (0.54    0.77 in @entity2098 vs. 1.85    3.2 in placebo group, p = 0.169). Two @entity1 in the placebo group had gadoliniumenhanced lesions and one @entity1 had relapse. There were 3 @entity1 in each group with more than one point progression in EDSS. Common side effect in the @entity2098 group included @entity344 , but no @entity1 discontinued the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of @entity2098 with IFNB-1a in @entity1 with @entity3780 is well tolerated, but the efficacy of such combination was not statistically significant in this pilot study and deserves further investigation with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up.

title: XXXX mofetil in combination with interferon beta-1a in the treatment of @entity3780 : A preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate']

answer: @entity6051 :: (CHEBI:168396,Chemical) :: ['Mycophenolate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of @entity6051 mofetil ( @entity2098 ) plus interferon beta-1a (IFNB-1a) in treatment of @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) was evaluated. METHODS: This was a pilot study with randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. @entity1 with @entity3780 and Expanded Disability Status Scale score (EDSS) of < 6.0 were included. Those with relapse within the previous two months and prior use of immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive drugs were excluded. @entity1 were randomized into @entity2098 (n = 13) and placebo (n = 13) groups and received weekly intramuscular IFNB-1a plus either @entity2098 or placebo. @entity2098 started by 500 mg/d for one week and weekly escalated by 500 mg/d, until target divided dose of 2000 mg/d and continued for 12 months. Radiologic and clinical assessments were performed at baseline and then at month 12. RESULTS: After one year of therapy, difference between the two groups in number of new T2 lesions was not statistically significant (0.54    0.77 in @entity2098 vs. 1.85    3.2 in placebo group, p = 0.169). Two @entity1 in the placebo group had gadoliniumenhanced lesions and one @entity1 had relapse. There were 3 @entity1 in each group with more than one point progression in EDSS. Common side effect in the @entity2098 group included @entity344 , but no @entity1 discontinued the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of @entity2098 with IFNB-1a in @entity1 with @entity3780 is well tolerated, but the efficacy of such combination was not statistically significant in this pilot study and deserves further investigation with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up.

title: @entity6051 mofetil in combination with interferon beta-1a in the treatment of XXXX : A preliminary study.

answer: @entity3780 :: (MESH:D020529,Disease) :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 endeavors to prevent @entity1547 have led to the use of different modalities and agents, the most commonly used of which is fluoridated dentifrice. An in situ study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices in achieving remineralization of @entity75 using surface microhardness measurements and to study the qualitative changes by scan-ning electron microscopy. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 12-16 years of age wore a specially fabricated appliance with an artificially demineralized enamel slab for 24 hours a day, for four weeks. The @entity1 were divided into two groups, A and B. Following one week use of placebo dentifrice by both groups, group A used a @entity1388 dentifrice containing l000 ppm @entity18754 , whereas group B used a placebo twice daily for 5 minutes for 21 days. Surface microhardness test carried out using a Knoop diamond indenter followed by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the lesions. The results were statistically analyzed using the student t test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The average hardness recovery for the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that @entity1388 significantly enhances remineralization of @entity75 . CONCLUSION: Regular use of fluoridated dentifrices significantly enhances remineralization of @entity62 .

title: Evaluation of ability of dentifrices to remineralize XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial caries-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity18754 :: ('MESH:C012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium monofluorophosphate']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white spot lesions']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['artificial caries-like lesions']


abstract: New conditioning regimens are being explored to reduce @entity137 and enable allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in @entity1 not eligible for conventional transplantation. We have investigated @entity21193 , an alkylating agent, with the aim of developing an efficient and reliable but less-toxic conditioning regimen. A series of 30 @entity1 who were not eligible for standard conditioning therapy received transplants from HLA-matched related (n = 14) or unrelated (n = 16) donors after administration of @entity21193 10 g/m2 intravenously daily for 3 days and @entity3118 30 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days. @entity1 receiving grafts from unrelated donors also were given rabbit antithymocyte globulin 10 mg/kg intravenously daily for 3 days. All @entity1 achieved prompt neutrophil and platelet recovery. @entity137 was generally mild with Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) grade 3 or 4 attributable to the conditioning seen only with transaminases. Complete donor chimerism was achieved by 90% of the @entity1 . @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) grade III or IV developed in 14% of the @entity1 and chronic @entity2132 in 39%. An estimated overall survival rate of 73% and an event-free survival rate of 49% have been reached after a median of 22 months (range, 7.4-33.4 months). In summary, the combination of @entity21193 and @entity3118 is a safe and efficient conditioning regimen.

title: @entity21193 and @entity3118 : a new XXXX -reduced conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Extramedullary toxicity', 'toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity21193 :: ('MESH:C018404', 'Chemical') :: ['treosulfan']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: New conditioning regimens are being explored to reduce @entity137 and enable allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in @entity1 not eligible for conventional transplantation. We have investigated @entity21193 , an alkylating agent, with the aim of developing an efficient and reliable but less-toxic conditioning regimen. A series of 30 @entity1 who were not eligible for standard conditioning therapy received transplants from HLA-matched related (n = 14) or unrelated (n = 16) donors after administration of @entity21193 10 g/m2 intravenously daily for 3 days and @entity3118 30 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days. @entity1 receiving grafts from unrelated donors also were given rabbit antithymocyte globulin 10 mg/kg intravenously daily for 3 days. All @entity1 achieved prompt neutrophil and platelet recovery. @entity137 was generally mild with Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) grade 3 or 4 attributable to the conditioning seen only with transaminases. Complete donor chimerism was achieved by 90% of the @entity1 . @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) grade III or IV developed in 14% of the @entity1 and chronic @entity2132 in 39%. An estimated overall survival rate of 73% and an event-free survival rate of 49% have been reached after a median of 22 months (range, 7.4-33.4 months). In summary, the combination of @entity21193 and @entity3118 is a safe and efficient conditioning regimen.

title: @entity21193 and XXXX : a new @entity137 -reduced conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: New conditioning regimens are being explored to reduce @entity137 and enable allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in @entity1 not eligible for conventional transplantation. We have investigated @entity21193 , an alkylating agent, with the aim of developing an efficient and reliable but less-toxic conditioning regimen. A series of 30 @entity1 who were not eligible for standard conditioning therapy received transplants from HLA-matched related (n = 14) or unrelated (n = 16) donors after administration of @entity21193 10 g/m2 intravenously daily for 3 days and @entity3118 30 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days. @entity1 receiving grafts from unrelated donors also were given rabbit antithymocyte globulin 10 mg/kg intravenously daily for 3 days. All @entity1 achieved prompt neutrophil and platelet recovery. @entity137 was generally mild with Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) grade 3 or 4 attributable to the conditioning seen only with transaminases. Complete donor chimerism was achieved by 90% of the @entity1 . @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) grade III or IV developed in 14% of the @entity1 and chronic @entity2132 in 39%. An estimated overall survival rate of 73% and an event-free survival rate of 49% have been reached after a median of 22 months (range, 7.4-33.4 months). In summary, the combination of @entity21193 and @entity3118 is a safe and efficient conditioning regimen.

title: XXXX and @entity3118 : a new @entity137 -reduced conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

answer: @entity21193 :: (MESH:C018404,Chemical) :: ['Treosulfan']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate how implementation of the 2003 American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) staging system will affect stage-specific survival of @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Records of 1,350 @entity1 treated on sequential institutional protocols with mastectomy and adjuvant @entity632 -based chemotherapy were reviewed. Pathologic stage was assigned retrospectively according to the 1988 and the 2003 AJCC staging criteria. Overall stage-specific survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and hypothetical differences were compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Six hundred five of 1,087 @entity1 with @entity34 according to the 1988 classification system had @entity34 according to the 2003 system. The 10-year OS for @entity1 with @entity34 was significantly improved using the 2003 system (76% [2003] v 65% [1988]; P <.0001). Two hundred eighty-nine of 633 @entity1 with stage IIb disease using the 1988 system were stage IIb with the 2003 system, and 10-year OS was 58% (1988) versus 70% (2003; P =.003). The number of @entity1 with stage III disease increased from 207 (1988) to 443 (2003), and the 10-year OS changed from 45% (1988) to 50% (2003; P =.077). Most of this difference resulted from changes within stage IIIa: OS, 45% (1988) versus 59% (2003; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Stage reclassification using the new AJCC staging system for @entity0 will result in significant changes in reported outcome by stage. It is imperative that careful attention is devoted to this effect so that accurate conclusions regarding the efficacy of new treatment strategies can be drawn.

title: Changes in the 2003 American Joint Committee on @entity5 staging for XXXX dramatically affect stage-specific survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate how implementation of the 2003 American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) staging system will affect stage-specific survival of @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Records of 1,350 @entity1 treated on sequential institutional protocols with mastectomy and adjuvant @entity632 -based chemotherapy were reviewed. Pathologic stage was assigned retrospectively according to the 1988 and the 2003 AJCC staging criteria. Overall stage-specific survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and hypothetical differences were compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Six hundred five of 1,087 @entity1 with @entity34 according to the 1988 classification system had @entity34 according to the 2003 system. The 10-year OS for @entity1 with @entity34 was significantly improved using the 2003 system (76% [2003] v 65% [1988]; P <.0001). Two hundred eighty-nine of 633 @entity1 with stage IIb disease using the 1988 system were stage IIb with the 2003 system, and 10-year OS was 58% (1988) versus 70% (2003; P =.003). The number of @entity1 with stage III disease increased from 207 (1988) to 443 (2003), and the 10-year OS changed from 45% (1988) to 50% (2003; P =.077). Most of this difference resulted from changes within stage IIIa: OS, 45% (1988) versus 59% (2003; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Stage reclassification using the new AJCC staging system for @entity0 will result in significant changes in reported outcome by stage. It is imperative that careful attention is devoted to this effect so that accurate conclusions regarding the efficacy of new treatment strategies can be drawn.

title: Changes in the 2003 American Joint Committee on XXXX staging for @entity0 dramatically affect stage-specific survival.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) allele 2 is a risk factor for @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Because @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) often coexists with @entity195 , we examined the @entity1192 polymorphism in @entity1779 . METHODS: In a case-control study, @entity1 with pathologically verified @entity1779 , @entity195 @entity1 without @entity1779 , and neuropathologically normal control subjects were studied. DNA was extracted from brain tissue, and @entity1192 was genotyped. Logistic regression was used to examine the @entity1192 polymorphism in @entity1779 @entity1 with and without @entity195 compared with @entity195 and non- @entity195 control subjects. RESULTS: There were 42 @entity1 with @entity1779 , 232 @entity195 @entity1 , and 167 non- @entity195 control subjects. In age-adjusted analyses, there was no association between possession of @entity1192 allele 2 and risk of @entity1779 compared with @entity195 control subjects (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 1.97; P=0.87) or non- @entity195 control subjects (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.87; P=0.86). Stratifying for the presence of apolipoprotein E epsilon2 or epsilon4 demonstrated the known increased risk of @entity1779 from these lipoprotein E alleles. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a nonsignificant excess of the @entity1192 2,2 genotype in @entity1 with @entity1779 and @entity195 compared with those @entity1779 @entity1 who did not have histological evidence indicating @entity195 (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 0.15 to 122.3; P=0.64). Comparisons between @entity1779 @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity195 control subjects and between @entity1779 @entity1 without @entity195 and non- @entity195 control subjects did not demonstrate an association between @entity1779 and possession of either the @entity1192 allele 2 or the 2,2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1192 allele 2 or 2,2 genotype does not appear to be a major risk factor for @entity1779 .

title: Association between @entity1192 polymorphism and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage', 'intracerebral hemorrhage', 'CAAH']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) allele 2 is a risk factor for @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Because @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) often coexists with @entity195 , we examined the @entity1192 polymorphism in @entity1779 . METHODS: In a case-control study, @entity1 with pathologically verified @entity1779 , @entity195 @entity1 without @entity1779 , and neuropathologically normal control subjects were studied. DNA was extracted from brain tissue, and @entity1192 was genotyped. Logistic regression was used to examine the @entity1192 polymorphism in @entity1779 @entity1 with and without @entity195 compared with @entity195 and non- @entity195 control subjects. RESULTS: There were 42 @entity1 with @entity1779 , 232 @entity195 @entity1 , and 167 non- @entity195 control subjects. In age-adjusted analyses, there was no association between possession of @entity1192 allele 2 and risk of @entity1779 compared with @entity195 control subjects (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 1.97; P=0.87) or non- @entity195 control subjects (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.87; P=0.86). Stratifying for the presence of apolipoprotein E epsilon2 or epsilon4 demonstrated the known increased risk of @entity1779 from these lipoprotein E alleles. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a nonsignificant excess of the @entity1192 2,2 genotype in @entity1 with @entity1779 and @entity195 compared with those @entity1779 @entity1 who did not have histological evidence indicating @entity195 (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 0.15 to 122.3; P=0.64). Comparisons between @entity1779 @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity195 control subjects and between @entity1779 @entity1 without @entity195 and non- @entity195 control subjects did not demonstrate an association between @entity1779 and possession of either the @entity1192 allele 2 or the 2,2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1192 allele 2 or 2,2 genotype does not appear to be a major risk factor for @entity1779 .

title: Association between XXXX polymorphism and @entity1779 .

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1A']


abstract: The sequence content of @entity19 L cell pre-rRNA was examined by RNA gel transfer and blot hybridization. Nuclear RNAs were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to @entity37531 -paper, and hybridized to twelve different restriction fragments that are complementary to various sections of 45S pre-rRNA. An abundant new 34S pre-rRNA and less abundant new 37S, 26S and 17S pre-rRNAs were detected. The presence of these new pre-rRNAs suggests the existence of at least two new pre-rRNA cleavage pathways. 34S and 26S pre-rRNAs were also detected in HeLa cells suggesting that these new cleavage pathways are characteristic of @entity1 cells. Further, an abundant new 12S precursor to 5.8S rRNA was also detected and is common to all the proposed cleavage pathways. The previously identified 45S, 41S, 32S and 20S pre-rRNAs were readily detected and their general structure confirmed. The 20S pre-rRNA is characteristic of the known pathway used by HeLa and other cells, and its presence suggests that growing @entity19 L cells use this pre-rRNA cleavage pathway. The 36S pre-rRNA characteristic of the previously described @entity19 L cell cleavage pathway was not detected. In all these cleavage pathways pre-rRNA cleavage sites are apparently identical and occur at or near the termini of the mature 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA sequences. The pathways differ only in the temporal order of cleavage at these sites. The position of the 5.8S rRNA sequence was located within the internal transcribed spacer. The known and conserved sequence of 5.8S rRNA from several organisms predicts a characteristic pattern of restriction enzyme sites for 5.8S rDNA. Internal transcribed spacer rDNA was mapped with restriction enzymes, and the characteristic pattern was found near the midpoint of the internal transcribed spacer. This places the 5.8S rRNA sequence at or near the 5' terminus of 32S pre-rRNA.

title: Multiple ribosomal RNA cleavage pathways in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retroperitoneal iliac procedures can enable successful endovascular repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in @entity1 who otherwise would not be anatomically eligible. The purpose of this study was to determine perioperative outcome with adjunctive retroperitoneal procedures compared with standard bilateral femoral exposure. METHODS: Between August 1997 and November 2002, 164 @entity1 underwent elective @entity1028 repair at a single university medical center. Anatomic, demographic, and early postoperative outcome data gathered prospectively were analyzed. Thirty-two @entity1 (20%) underwent 38 separate adjunctive retroperitoneal procedures. Indications included small external iliac arteries (16 of 32 @entity1 ; 50%) and concomitant @entity1029 that precluded fixation of the endograft limbs in the common iliac arteries (16 of 32 @entity1 ; 50%). The 38 procedures consisted of 8 iliac conduits only, 14 iliac conduits with iliofemoral bypass grafts, and 16 hypogastric revascularization procedures. Data for the study @entity1 were compared with data for 132 @entity1 who underwent @entity1028 repair through femoral incisions. Primary end points were hospital length of stay, and early morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Retroperitoneal procedures enabled an additional 14% of @entity1 with @entity1028 to undergo endovascular techniques. However, there was a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 and @entity1 at high risk for anesthesia (American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV or higher) in the group who underwent retroperitoneal procedures. On average, retroperitoneal procedures were associated with 2.6-fold greater @entity190 , 82% longer procedure time, 1.5 days additional hospital stay, and 1.8-fold higher rate of perioperative complications, compared with @entity1028 repair with femoral exposure alone. In contrast, early mortality was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive retroperitoneal procedures during @entity1028 repair are associated with increased risk for complications and longer hospital length of stay, compared with @entity1028 repair with standard femoral exposure only. They do not, however, increase early mortality, even in @entity1 at high risk, and enable a larger subset of @entity1 with @entity1028 to undergo endovascular repair.

title: Morbidity with retroperitoneal procedures during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular AAA', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is often considered to be a significant risk factor for postoperative mortality when selecting candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: We included all @entity1 undergoing a first isolated CABG at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, between 1980 and 1995 (n = 6728). @entity1 were categorized on the basis of body mass index (BMI): non-overweight (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (25 kg/m2 < or = BMI <30 kg/m2), and @entity28 (BMI > or =30 kg/m2). Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the risk of re-operation for @entity548 , @entity2737 , and early (< or =30 days) and late (< or =5 years) mortality rates. RESULTS: The average length of follow-up was 6.5 years. There were 252 re-operations for @entity548 , 53 deep sternal wound infections, and 628 @entity204 . @entity1 who were @entity28 had a significantly lower risk of re-operation for @entity548 (risk ratio [RR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.19-0.53), but a greater risk of @entity2737 (RR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.21-5.88) compared with @entity1 who were not overweight. However, @entity1 who were @entity28 and @entity1 who were not overweight experienced similar 30-day (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.34-1.27), 1-year (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.29-1.10), and 5-year mortality rates (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.66-1.25). Results for @entity1 who were overweight were consistent with those of @entity1 who were @entity28 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 who are @entity28 are not at a greater risk of early and late mortality after CABG compared with @entity1 who are not overweight, although they appear to have a lower risk of re-operation for @entity548 and a greater risk of @entity2737 . Therefore, obesity per se is not a contraindication for CABG.

title: XXXX and the risk of early and late mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['deep sternal wound infection']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Clinical evidence shows that @entity5 is an independent prognostic indicator of poor @entity1 outcome. @entity5 have altered physiologic processes, including increased regions of angiogenesis, @entity3 , increased distant metastasis and altered apoptotic programs. Since @entity519 is a potent controller of gene expression, identifying @entity519 -regulated genes is a means to investigate the molecular response to @entity519 stress. Traditional experimental approaches have identified physiologic changes in @entity519 cells. Recent studies have identified @entity519 -responsive genes that may define the mechanism(s) underlying these physiologic changes. For example, the regulation of glycolytic genes by @entity519 can explain some characteristics of the Warburg effect. The converse of this logic is also true. By identifying new classes of @entity519 -regulated gene(s), we can infer the physiologic pressures that require the induction of these genes and their protein products. Furthermore, these physiologically driven @entity519 gene expression changes give us insight as to the poor outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 . Approximately 1-1.5% of the genome is transcriptionally responsive to @entity519 . However, there is significant heterogeneity in the transcriptional response to @entity519 between different cell types. Moreover, the coordinated change in the expression of families of genes supports the model of physiologic pressure leading to expression changes. Understanding the evolutionary pressure to develop a ' @entity519 response' provides a framework to investigate the biology of the @entity5 microenvironment.

title: Investigating XXXX physiology through gene expression patterns.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'hypoxic tumor', 'hypoxic tumors', 'Hypoxic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['increased local invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypoxic tumor']