abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies have investigated the role of @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) polymorphisms on carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) with conflicting results. The objective of this study was to use a large, community-based population to investigate associations between @entity2204 gene polymorphisms and @entity65 -associated phenotypes: @entity121 , @entity543 , and low- (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C). METHODS: @entity2204 genotypes were determined in 1109 randomly selected community subjects with an equal @entity1 -to- @entity1 ratio and equal numbers in each age decile who were 27 to 77 years of age and had bilateral carotid B-mode ultrasound and @entity65 factor measurements. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses, stratified by sex, demonstrated an association between @entity2204 genotypes and LDL-C levels in @entity1 (P=0.03) and @entity1 (P<0.001). A significant linear trend in increasing LDL-C (beta=0.33 per unit change in genotype; SE=0.07; P<0.001) levels with increasing number of epsilon4 alleles across the epsilon3/epsilon3, epsilon3/epsilon4, or epsilon4/epsilon4 genotypes was observed in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . The associations were independent of age, diastolic blood pressure, and history of @entity6 . Multivariate analyses found a log-additive trend in risk of developing carotid plaque with increasing numbers of epsilon4 alleles across the epsilon3/epsilon3, epsilon3/epsilon4, and epsilon4/epsilon4 genotypes (odds ratio [OR], 1.72 per unit change in genotype; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.80; P=0.03) in @entity1 . There was no association between plaque frequency and the epsilon4 allele in @entity1 . However, the epsilon2/epsilon3 genotype was shown to be associated with a lower OR (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.91; P=0.03) for carotid plaques relative to the epsilon3/epsilon3 genotype in @entity1 . The associations were independent of age and standard vascular risk factors. There were no significant independent associations between @entity2204 genotypes and @entity121 in either @entity1 or @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that polymorphisms in the @entity2204 gene are significantly associated with LDL-C levels and increased risk of carotid plaque formation in @entity1 but not @entity121 in either @entity1 or @entity1 .

title: XXXX gene polymorphisms are associated with carotid plaque formation but not with intima-media wall thickening: results from the Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment Study (CUDAS).

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apolipoprotein E', 'ApoE']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery plaque']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein E']


abstract: The antihistoplasma activity of recombinant @entity19 gamma interferon (rMuIFN-gamma)-treated macrophages of the RAW 264.7 cell line depends on the generation of @entity842 (NO.) from @entity534 . Macrophages of the @entity19 cell line treated with rMuIFN-gamma do not produce NO. or inhibit the intracellular growth of @entity3218 . NO. is generated by the inducible enzyme @entity842 synthase ( @entity13633 ) formed by stimulated macrophages. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of RAW 264.7 cells revealed the expression of @entity13633 mRNA after exposure to rMuIFN-gamma. In contrast, rMuIFN-gamma-treated @entity19 cells did not produce detectable levels of @entity13633 . These data suggest that the failure of @entity19 cells to generate NO. and to restrict the intracellular growth of @entity3218 is due to a lack of expression of @entity13633 following treatment with rMuIFN-gamma.

title: Expression of inducible XXXX synthase by stimulated macrophages correlates with their antihistoplasma activity.

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H. capsulatum']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Antibodies to pp60v-arc and @entity10393 were introduced into @entity95 platelets using an electropermeabilization technique. The presence of these antibodies inside platelets was detected by flow cytometry. Platelet-activating factor (PAF)-stimulated @entity3353 activity ( @entity19260 production) and aggregation were dramatically inhibited in platelets transjected with either of these antibodies. Incubation of these antibodies with intact cells (i.e. nonpermeabilized) or electrotransjection of several nonspecific antibodies/agents (e.g. goat anti-mouse IgG, mouse serum, human platelet glycoprotein Ib monoclonal antibody, and fetal calf serum) into platelets had no effect on the PAF responses. trpE (another isotype-matched control antibody of pp60v-src) and pp56lck polyclonal antibody (another src-related kinase not present in platelets) also had no effect on PAF-induced aggregation and @entity19260 production in permeabilized platelets. This indicates that the effect of internalized pp60v-src antibody is direct and specific in platelets. Stimulation of platelets by PAF increased the association and phosphorylation of both pp60c-src (60 kDa) and @entity71384 (145 kDa). This study provides the first evidence in platelets for a direct and specific involvement of pp60c-src in PAF-mediated @entity3353 activation and aggregation response.

title: Electrotransjection of pp60v-src monoclonal antibody inhibits activation of XXXX in platelets. A new mechanism for platelet-activating factor responses.

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

answer: @entity3353 :: (100009319(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['phospholipase C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As maternal age advances, the risk of fetal @entity1467 increases. Pregnant @entity1 35 years of age or older are routinely offered amniocentesis because of this risk. Recently, maternal serum markers have been reported to be useful in screening for @entity1467 , primarily in younger @entity1 . We therefore investigated whether offering amniocentesis only to selected @entity1 35 years of age or older who were identified by screening measurements in serum might prove a useful alternative to the current practice. METHODS: We studied 5385 @entity1 with singleton pregnancies who were 35 years of age or older and were undergoing routine amniocentesis. Along with information about the pregnancy, we obtained a serum sample for measurement of @entity160 , unconjugated @entity11111 , and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin. Individual estimates of the risk of @entity1467 in the fetus were calculated for each pregnancy before the karyotype was known. RESULTS: If amniocentesis had been reserved for the @entity1 calculated to have a risk greater than 1 in 200 of having a fetus with @entity1467 , 48 of the 54 cases of @entity1467 (89 percent) would have been identified, 25 percent of the unaffected pregnancies would also have been identified as being at high risk for @entity1467 (false positives). Seven of 15 fetuses (47 percent) with other trisomies, 11 of 25 (44 percent) with sex aneuploidy, and 1 of 9 (11 percent) with miscellaneous @entity2008 would also have been detected. In practice, such screening would have made 75 percent of the amniocentesis unnecessary, along with a proportion of the amniocentesis-associated fetal losses. If the cutoff for the risk of @entity1467 were set higher than 1 in 200, both the rate of detection and the false positive rate would be lower. Conversely, these rates would be higher if the cutoff were set lower. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal screening of serum to generate individual estimates of the risk of @entity1467 in the fetus can provide a basis for decision making in the cases of @entity1 35 years of age or older, as it does in younger pregnant @entity1 , and is an alternative to current testing practices.

title: Reducing the need for amniocentesis in XXXX 35 years of age or older with serum markers for screening.

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Four @entity1 had resection for primary @entity99 : one with @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ), two with poorly differentiated @entity1492 , and one with @entity1822 . Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One @entity1 had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of @entity99 . At presentation, all @entity1 had @entity158 ; one had @entity5 rupture, and one had mental changes and @entity4053 . None had @entity99 or @entity82 . Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity160 levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three @entity1 and an avascular mass in the @entity1 with @entity1418 . Despite large @entity5 (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary @entity99 from @entity157 , especially in noncirrhotic @entity1 . All @entity1 had extensive hepatic resections, with one @entity204 . Immunohistochemical stains of the @entity5 were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other @entity99 . The @entity1 with @entity1418 died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The @entity1 with the @entity397 had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The @entity1 with the @entity1822 had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary @entity99 is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.

title: Resection of primary hepatic @entity1418 , @entity1492 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['MFH', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hepatic sarcomas', 'hepatitis', 'hepatic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: Four @entity1 had resection for primary @entity99 : one with @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ), two with poorly differentiated @entity1492 , and one with @entity1822 . Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One @entity1 had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of @entity99 . At presentation, all @entity1 had @entity158 ; one had @entity5 rupture, and one had mental changes and @entity4053 . None had @entity99 or @entity82 . Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity160 levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three @entity1 and an avascular mass in the @entity1 with @entity1418 . Despite large @entity5 (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary @entity99 from @entity157 , especially in noncirrhotic @entity1 . All @entity1 had extensive hepatic resections, with one @entity204 . Immunohistochemical stains of the @entity5 were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other @entity99 . The @entity1 with @entity1418 died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The @entity1 with the @entity397 had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The @entity1 with the @entity1822 had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary @entity99 is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.

title: Resection of primary hepatic XXXX , @entity1492 , and @entity1822 .

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: Four @entity1 had resection for primary @entity99 : one with @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ), two with poorly differentiated @entity1492 , and one with @entity1822 . Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One @entity1 had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of @entity99 . At presentation, all @entity1 had @entity158 ; one had @entity5 rupture, and one had mental changes and @entity4053 . None had @entity99 or @entity82 . Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity160 levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three @entity1 and an avascular mass in the @entity1 with @entity1418 . Despite large @entity5 (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary @entity99 from @entity157 , especially in noncirrhotic @entity1 . All @entity1 had extensive hepatic resections, with one @entity204 . Immunohistochemical stains of the @entity5 were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other @entity99 . The @entity1 with @entity1418 died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The @entity1 with the @entity397 had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The @entity1 with the @entity1822 had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary @entity99 is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.

title: Resection of primary hepatic @entity1418 , XXXX , and @entity1822 .

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma']


abstract: Several genomewide screens have been performed to identify novel loci predisposing to unfavorable serum lipid levels and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). We hypothesized that the accumulating data of these screens in different study populations could be combined to verify which of the identified loci truly harbor susceptibility genes. The power of this strategy has recently been demonstrated with other complex diseases, such as @entity29 and @entity565 . We assessed the largely unknown genetic background of @entity301 by investigating the most common @entity2299 predisposing to @entity301 , @entity5703 ( @entity5703 ), affecting 1%-2% of Western populations and 10%-20% of families with premature @entity301 . To be able to perform a combined data analysis, we unified the diagnostic criteria for @entity5703 and its component traits and combined the data from two genomewide scans performed in two populations, the Finns and the Dutch. As a result of our pooled data analysis, we identified three chromosomal regions, on chromosomes 2p25.1, 9p23, and 16q24.1, exceeding the statistical significance level of a LOD score >2.0. The 2p25.1 region was detected for the @entity5703 trait, and the 9p23 and 16q24.1 regions were detected for the low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) trait. In addition, the previously recognized 1q21 region also obtained additional support in the other study sample, when the @entity412 trait was used. Analysis of the 16q24.1 region resulted in a statistically significant LOD score of 3.6 when the data from Finnish families with low HDL-C were included in the analysis. To search for the underlying gene in the 16q24.1 region, we investigated a novel functional and positional candidate gene, helix/forkhead transcription factor ( @entity8944 ), by sequencing and by genotyping of two single- @entity377 polymorphisms in the families.

title: Combined analysis of genome scans of dutch and finnish families reveals a susceptibility locus for high-density lipoprotein XXXX on chromosome 16q.

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['FCHL', 'familial combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: As part of an investigation into the role of FGF in lens development, we have studied the distribution of both @entity10494 and @entity664 during eye morphogenesis from embryonic days 10 to 18 (E10-E18) in the @entity35 . For @entity10494 , reactivity was found only in ectoderm at E10, prior to contact between the optic vesicle and presumptive lens ectoderm. During lens placode formation (E11) there was a transient, diffuse reactivity for @entity10494 in anterior optic vesicle cells directly apposed to the labelled ectoderm of the lens placode. At E12 the diffuse reactivity of the lens placode had changed to a discrete localisation along the basolateral surfaces of differentiating cells in the lens pit. Similar reactivity was associated with neuroblasts along the inner margin of the optic cup. At the early lens vesicle stage (E13) the baso-lateral @entity10494 -like reactivity associated with elongating lens cells was more intense and extensive. From the late lens vesicle stage (E14) to E18, reactivity in the lens was increasingly restricted to the equatorial regions which incorporate the germinative and transitional zones. From E16 to E18, @entity10494 -like reactivity in the retina was predominantly localised in the peripheral regions corresponding to the developing ciliary body and iris and in the central retina associated with ganglion cell axons. For @entity664 , weak reactivity was detectable as early as E13 in the developing lens capsule and increased in intensity during lens development with the posterior capsule reacting more intensely than the anterior capsule. Retinal @entity664 -like reactivity was first detected at E14, associated with differentiating ganglion cells in the central retina. From E16 to E18 the retinal ganglion cells showed increasing reactivity and the pattern of reactivity followed the centro-peripheral pattern of retinal development. Thus reactivity for @entity10494 is first detected in presumptive lens ectoderm and subsequently in optic vesicle cells which are closely associated with lens ectoderm. This raises the possibility that @entity10494 may be involved in inductive interactions between presumptive lens ectoderm and optic vesicle. Furthermore the localisation patterns established for both @entity10494 and @entity664 during lens and retina morphogenesis suggest an important role for FGF in regulating their morphogenesis and growth.

title: Spatio-temporal distribution of acidic and basic FGF indicates a role for FGF in XXXX lens morphogenesis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 control and antiplatelet or oral anticoagulant drugs are the basis for secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events. Family physicians (FPs) are usually involved in both aspects of prevention, but no research has been carried out in Italy to evaluate the behavior of FPs in this field of prevention. METHODS: Data concerning 318 Italian FPs and 465,061 @entity1 were extracted from the Health Search Database. @entity1 with coded diagnoses of @entity64 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) were selected. Demographic records and information regarding presence of concurrent disease and medical records were also obtained. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess whether conditions exist that make appropriate control of blood pressure (BP) and prescription of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs more likely. RESULTS: We selected 2555 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity64 and 2755 with @entity63 . Among all of the subjects, 32.6% had no BP recorded. Among the remaining subjects, 58.7% reported uncontrolled BP. Isolated systolic @entity101 has been shown in 68.8% of @entity1 with uncontrolled BP. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs were prescribed in 72% of these cases. Factors that made the prescription significantly more unlikely were diagnosis of @entity63 (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.54), total invalidity (OR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.78), and time from event of 5 years or more (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Italian FPs could improve secondary prevention of @entity64 . The primary target of intervention should be the control of systolic BP, and the group of @entity1 with unacceptably high BP should be given priority. All of these @entity1 should have been prescribed antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulant agents, except in cases of extremely short life expectancy or substantial contraindications.

title: Secondary prevention of XXXX in Italy: a cross-sectional survey in family practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bioelectric phenomena have been found to exert influence on various developmental and regenerative processes. Little is known about their possible functions and the cellular mechanisms by which they might act during @entity238 oogenesis. In developing follicles, characteristic extracellular current patterns and membrane-potential changes in oocyte and nurse cells have been observed that partly depend on the exchange of protons, @entity972 ions and @entity1372 ions. These bioelectric properties have been supposed to be related to various processes during oogenesis, e. g. pH-regulation, osmoregulation, cell communication, cell migration, cell proliferation, cell death, vitellogenesis and follicle growth. Analysing in detail the spatial distribution and activity of the relevant ion-transport mechanisms is expected to elucidate the roles that bioelectric phenomena play during oogenesis. RESULTS: To obtain an overview of bioelectric patterning along the longitudinal and transversal axes of the developing follicle, the spatial distributions of membrane potentials (Vmem), intracellular pH (pHi) and various membrane-channel proteins were studied systematically using fluorescent indicators, fluorescent inhibitors and antisera. During mid-vitellogenic stages 9 to 10B, characteristic, stage-specific Vmem-patterns in the follicle-cell epithelium as well as anteroposterior pHi-gradients in follicle cells and nurse cells were observed. Corresponding distribution patterns of proton pumps (V-ATPases), voltage-dependent L-type @entity141 -channels, @entity6478 -sensitive @entity4024 -channels and @entity4024 , @entity8108 -exchangers (NHE) and gap-junction proteins ( @entity71385 ) were detected. In particular, six morphologically distinguishable follicle-cell types are characterized on the bioelectric level by differences concerning Vmem and pHi as well as specific compositions of ion channels and carriers. Striking similarities between Vmem-patterns and activity patterns of voltage-dependent @entity141 -channels were found, suggesting a mechanism for transducing bioelectric signals into cellular responses. Moreover, gradients of electrical potential and pH were observed within single cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that spatial patterning of Vmem, pHi and specific membrane-channel proteins results in bioelectric signals that are supposed to play important roles during oogenesis, e. g. by influencing spatial coordinates, regulating migration processes or modifying the cytoskeletal organization. Characteristic stage-specific changes of bioelectric activity in specialized cell types are correlated with various developmental processes.

title: Bioelectric patterning during oogenesis: stage-specific distribution of membrane potentials, intracellular pH and ion-transport mechanisms in XXXX ovarian follicles.

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity814 is the consequence of the deficiency of @entity8083 (BH4) - cofactor of @entity815 hydroxylation. The type of the disease depends on the metabolic defect of synthesis or regeneration of the cofactor. The secondary deficiency of neurotransmitters - @entity935 and @entity750 is the reason of very severe clinical course and @entity75 . Ten cases of @entity814 are presented: 8 of the defect of 6-pyrogronyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, 1 of @entity17510 reductase, 1 of @entity3007 cyclohydrolase. In 7 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular studies. The age of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was from 3 weeks to 7 years. In 8 @entity1 pharmacological treatment was implemented without limitation of dietary intake of @entity815 . Treatment period was from 9 months to 18.5 years. Treatment effectiveness is differentiated and independent of the age of diagnosis. Physical development in all but one @entity1 is retarded and in all of them microcephaly is present. After treatment, mental development scores in 6 cases improved evidently (in 2 - up to normal values, in 4 - close to normal). No improvement was achieved in 2 cases (brothers). Detailed analysis of the clinical course in @entity1 with similar age of diagnosis and start of treatment and with identical genotypes revealed significant differences in clinical course and treatment effectiveness. No explanation for this fact has been found.

title: [ XXXX treatment effectiveness].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['atypical phenylketonuria', 'Atypical phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity17510 :: ('CHEBI:30156', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropteridine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['Atypical phenylketonuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common cause of implant failure is @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), followed by @entity281 ( @entity281 ). This study evaluates the incidence of @entity281 among @entity1 operated with suspected @entity1349 and whether the diagnosis of @entity281 was predictive of subsequent implant failure including re- @entity281 , at 2  years of follow up. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty due to presumed @entity1349 from February 2009 to September 2011 were prospectively evaluated. A sonication fluid of prosthesis and tissue samples for microbiology and histopathology at the time of the surgery were collected. Implant failure include recurrent or persistent @entity281 , reoperation for any reason or need for chronic antibiotic suppression. RESULTS: Of 198 @entity1 with pre-and intraoperative diagnosis of @entity1349 , 24 (12.1  %) had postoperative diagnosis of @entity281 . After a follow up of 31  months (IQR: 21 to 38  months), 9 (37.5  %) of 24 @entity1 in the @entity281 group had implant failure compared to only 1 (1.1  %) in the 198 of @entity1349 group (p   <   0.0001). Sensitivity of sonicate fluid culture (>20  CFU) and peri-prosthetic tissue culture were 87.5  % vs 66.7  %, respectively. Specificities were 100  % for both techniques (95  % CI, 97.9-100  %). A greater number of @entity1 with @entity281 (79.1  %) had previous partial arthroplasty revisions than those @entity1 in the @entity1349 group (56.9  %) (p   =   0.04). In addition, 5 (55.5  %) @entity1 with @entity281 and implant failure had more revision arthroplasties during the first year after the last implant placement than those @entity1 with @entity281 without implant failure (1 @entity1 ; 6.7  %) (RR 3.8; 95  % CI 1.4-10.1; p   =   0.015). On the other hand, 6 (25  %) @entity1 finally diagnosed of @entity281 were initially diagnosed of @entity1349 in the first year after primary arthroplasty, whereas it was only 16 (9.2  %) @entity1 in the group of true @entity1349 (RR 2.7; 95  % CI 1.2-6.1; p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: More than one tenth of @entity1 with suspected @entity1349 are misdiagnosed @entity281 . Positive histology and positive peri-implant tissue and sonicate fluid cultures are highly predictive of implant failure in @entity1 with @entity281 . @entity1 with greater number of partial hip revisions for a presumed @entity1349 had more risk of @entity281 . Early loosening is more often caused by hidden @entity281 than late loosening.

title: 26Postoperative diagnosis and outcome in @entity1 with revision arthroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'prosthetic joint infection', 'PJI']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['aseptic loosening']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common cause of implant failure is @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), followed by @entity281 ( @entity281 ). This study evaluates the incidence of @entity281 among @entity1 operated with suspected @entity1349 and whether the diagnosis of @entity281 was predictive of subsequent implant failure including re- @entity281 , at 2  years of follow up. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty due to presumed @entity1349 from February 2009 to September 2011 were prospectively evaluated. A sonication fluid of prosthesis and tissue samples for microbiology and histopathology at the time of the surgery were collected. Implant failure include recurrent or persistent @entity281 , reoperation for any reason or need for chronic antibiotic suppression. RESULTS: Of 198 @entity1 with pre-and intraoperative diagnosis of @entity1349 , 24 (12.1  %) had postoperative diagnosis of @entity281 . After a follow up of 31  months (IQR: 21 to 38  months), 9 (37.5  %) of 24 @entity1 in the @entity281 group had implant failure compared to only 1 (1.1  %) in the 198 of @entity1349 group (p   <   0.0001). Sensitivity of sonicate fluid culture (>20  CFU) and peri-prosthetic tissue culture were 87.5  % vs 66.7  %, respectively. Specificities were 100  % for both techniques (95  % CI, 97.9-100  %). A greater number of @entity1 with @entity281 (79.1  %) had previous partial arthroplasty revisions than those @entity1 in the @entity1349 group (56.9  %) (p   =   0.04). In addition, 5 (55.5  %) @entity1 with @entity281 and implant failure had more revision arthroplasties during the first year after the last implant placement than those @entity1 with @entity281 without implant failure (1 @entity1 ; 6.7  %) (RR 3.8; 95  % CI 1.4-10.1; p   =   0.015). On the other hand, 6 (25  %) @entity1 finally diagnosed of @entity281 were initially diagnosed of @entity1349 in the first year after primary arthroplasty, whereas it was only 16 (9.2  %) @entity1 in the group of true @entity1349 (RR 2.7; 95  % CI 1.2-6.1; p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: More than one tenth of @entity1 with suspected @entity1349 are misdiagnosed @entity281 . Positive histology and positive peri-implant tissue and sonicate fluid cultures are highly predictive of implant failure in @entity1 with @entity281 . @entity1 with greater number of partial hip revisions for a presumed @entity1349 had more risk of @entity281 . Early loosening is more often caused by hidden @entity281 than late loosening.

title: 26Postoperative diagnosis and outcome in XXXX with revision arthroplasty for @entity1349 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity281 is a major causative factor of @entity3152 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of asymptomatic vaginal colonization with @entity5132 at early gestation on pregnancy outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2014, a total of 8447 @entity1 with singleton pregnancies between 10(+0) and 16(+0) gestational weeks were routinely subjected to an antenatal @entity281 screen-and-treat program. Vaginal smears were Gram-stained and microscopically evaluated, and data were retrospectively analyzed. @entity1 exposed to Candida received @entity1449 and were re-tested after 4-6 weeks. Treatment was repeated in case of recurrence. @entity1 with normal or intermediate vaginal flora were considered as non-exposed. @entity6981 and trichomoniasis were assessed and treated as well. Descriptive data analysis, chi-squared testing and multiple regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders were performed. Rates of asymptomatic @entity281 , @entity3152 and low birthweight served as the main outcomes measures. RESULTS: A normal or intermediate flora was found in 6708 (79.4%) of the screened @entity1 ; 1142 @entity1 (13.5%) showed asymptomatic @entity5132 @entity281 . Of this group, 185 @entity1 (2.2%) had a recurrence of Candida on vaginal smears. Compared with the non-exposed @entity1 with normal or intermediate flora, those with recurrent @entity7553 had higher rates of @entity3152 (11.9% vs. 9.5%) and of low birthweight (10.8% vs. 8.0%), as confirmed in the multiple model (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent asymptomatic vaginal colonization with Candida in early pregnancy is associated with @entity3152 and low birthweight. Routine screening and consequent treatment for @entity7553 could improve pregnancy outcomes.

title: Effect of asymptomatic vaginal colonization with XXXX on pregnancy outcome.

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infections', 'Vaginal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial vaginosis']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: External @entity11229 (EARR) can be an undesirable sequela of orthodontic treatment. Previous studies have suggested that EARR has a substantial genetic component. Linkage and association were examined between polymorphisms of the interleukin @entity1356 ( @entity1192 and @entity1356 ) genes and EARR in 35 white American families. Buccal swab cells were collected for DNA isolation and analysis. The EARR in the maxillary central incisors, the mandibular central incisors, and the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first molar were analyzed separately and together by using both linkage and association methods of analysis. Highly significant (P =.0003) evidence of linkage disequilibrium of @entity1356 polymorphism with the clinical manifestation of EARR was obtained. The analysis indicates that the @entity1356 polymorphism accounts for 15% of the total variation of maxillary incisor EARR. @entity1 homozygous for the @entity1356 allele 1 have a 5.6 fold (95% CI 1.9-21.2) increased risk of EARR greater than 2 mm as compared with those who are not homozygous for the @entity1356 allele 1. Data indicate that allele 1 at the @entity1356 gene, known to decrease the production of @entity1356 cytokine in vivo, significantly increases the risk of EARR. These findings are consistent with an interpretation of EARR as a complex condition influenced by many factors, with the @entity1356 gene contributing an important predisposition to this common problem. Defining genetic contributions to EARR is an important factor in understanding the contribution of environmental factors, such as habits and therapeutic biomechanics.

title: Genetic predisposition to external XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11229 :: ('MESH:D012391', 'Disease') :: ['apical root resorption']

answer: @entity11229 :: (MESH:D012391,Disease) :: ['apical root resorption']


abstract: Subtle changes in glucocorticoid levels, including a flattening of the diurnal rhythm with raised nadir, are prevalent, being characteristic of both @entity308 . Both these conditions are also associated with deficits in hippocampally mediated cognitive functions. We hypothesized that this profile of glucocorticoid levels causes structural and functional changes in the hippocampus, which in turn may engender @entity73 . We implanted slow-release @entity2819 pellets into adrenally intact adult male @entity35 to produce a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm with levels clamped midway between the normal nadir and zenith. Using density profile analysis we measured hippocampal expression of messenger RNAs encoding structural and functional proteins. In @entity35 with a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm, the expression of the mRNA coding for microtubule associated protein-2b (MAP2b) was reduced in @entity1251 relative to sham-operated controls, but unchanged in dentate gyrus and @entity1249 . In contrast, the expression of the mRNA coding the alpha subunit of @entity460 -calmodulin dependent kinase (CAMKIIalpha) was reduced in dentate gyrus in animals with a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm, but unchanged in @entity1251 . The expression of the mRNA coding the synaptic vesicle protein @entity20099 was unchanged in both @entity1251 and dentate gyrus. The data indicate that a flattening of the normal diurnal glucocorticoid rhythm decreases the hippocampal expression of mRNAs coding key structural and functional proteins, and does so in a regionally selective manner. The data may have relevance for @entity73 characteristic of aging and @entity308 .

title: Flattening the glucocorticoid rhythm causes changes in hippocampal expression of messenger RNAs coding structural and functional proteins: implications for aging and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'aging and major depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the longitudinal effects of botulinum toxin injection on movement characteristics of the @entity508 in @entity1 by using motor control testing (MCT) techniques and standard clinical measures. DESIGN: Open-label clinical trial. SETTING: Motor control laboratory at an academic medical center. @entity1 : A convenience sample of 9 subjects (5 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; age range, 7-16 y) with @entity131 ( @entity64 or @entity306 ) and asymmetric upper-extremity function because of @entity508 . Eight subjects had right-sided involvement. INTERVENTIONS: Botulinum toxin injection to the involved @entity2045 , involving elbow, wrist, and finger flexors, depending on clinical presentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical measures included range of motion (ROM), the Ashworth Scale, FIM trade mark instrument, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, portions of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and the Purdue pegboard. MCT consisted of visually guided reaching, bilateral finger-to-nose movements, hand tapping, and isometric pinch force tasks. Kinematic assessments were made before and at 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after botulinum toxin injection. RESULTS: All subjects had increased ROM and decreased Ashworth values throughout the testing period. In motor control tasks, improvement typically occurred earlier in the least complex movements, such as hand tapping, with 6 of 9 subjects showing a maximum, although transient, unilateral tapping speed by 6 weeks. A similar time course was observed for pinch force tasks. Improvement in more complex, forward-reaching tasks occurred much later (week 12 or later) or did not occur at all. As with the hand tasks, improved reach performance declined toward the end of the testing period. All subject showed minimal or no improvement in bilateral finger-to-nose movements. Neither maximum changes in ROM or Ashworth values correlated with improvements in functional elbow extension during sit and reach tasks, with 3 subjects with normal active ROM showing late onset or no change in reach. CONCLUSIONS: Although botulinum toxin reduced tone and increased ROM of the @entity508 , the time course and degree of motor improvement appears to depend on the complexity of the task. Future research should focus on the value of adjunct therapy, such as task-specific training, in addition to botulinum toxin treatments to facilitate functional improvement of the @entity508 .

title: Changes in movement characteristics of the XXXX after botulinum toxin injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic upper extremity', 'spasticity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spastic upper extremity']


abstract: @entity294 remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among @entity1 under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. In 2006, the Indian government formally endorsed the World Health Organization guidelines that introduced @entity219 supplementation and low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS) for the treatment of @entity294 . Despite this, @entity219 is rarely prescribed and has not been available in the public sector in India until very recently. The @entity294 Alleviation Through @entity219 and ORS Treatment (DAZT) project was implemented in Gujarat between 2011 and 2013 to accelerate the uptake of @entity219 and ORS among public and private providers in 6 rural districts. As part of an external evaluation of DAZT, we interviewed 619 randomly selected facility- and community-based public and private providers 2-3 months after a 1-day training event had been completed (or, in the case of private providers, after at least 1 drug-detailing visit by a pharmaceutical representative had occurred) and supplies were in place. The purpose of the interviews was to assess providers' knowledge of appropriate treatment for @entity294 in @entity1 , reported treatment practices, and availability of drugs in stock. More than 80% of all providers interviewed reported they had received training or a drug-detailing visit on diarrheal treatment in the past 6 months. Most providers in all cadres (range, 68% to 100%) correctly described how to prepare ORS and nearly all (range, 90% to 100%) reported routinely prescribing it to treat @entity294 in @entity1 . Reported routine prescription of @entity219 was lower, ranging from 62% among private providers to 96% among auxiliary nurse-midwives. Among providers who reported ever not recommending @entity219 (n=242), the 2 most frequently reported reasons for not doing so were not completely understanding @entity219 for @entity294 treatment and not having @entity219 in stock at the time of contact with the @entity1 . In a multiple logistic regression analysis, recent training or drug-detailing visits and having @entity219 in stock were associated with reported @entity219 prescribing (P<.05). Recent training among public providers was significantly associated with having correct knowledge of @entity219 treatment duration and dosage, but the same was not true of drug-detailing visits among private providers. Treating @entity294 with @entity219 and low-osmolarity ORS is new for public and private providers in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Sufficient training and logistics support to ensure consistent supplies are critical if providers are to begin routinely treating all @entity294 episodes with @entity219 and ORS.

title: Appropriate Management of Acute XXXX in @entity1 Among Public and Private Providers in Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhea']


abstract: @entity294 remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among @entity1 under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. In 2006, the Indian government formally endorsed the World Health Organization guidelines that introduced @entity219 supplementation and low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS) for the treatment of @entity294 . Despite this, @entity219 is rarely prescribed and has not been available in the public sector in India until very recently. The @entity294 Alleviation Through @entity219 and ORS Treatment (DAZT) project was implemented in Gujarat between 2011 and 2013 to accelerate the uptake of @entity219 and ORS among public and private providers in 6 rural districts. As part of an external evaluation of DAZT, we interviewed 619 randomly selected facility- and community-based public and private providers 2-3 months after a 1-day training event had been completed (or, in the case of private providers, after at least 1 drug-detailing visit by a pharmaceutical representative had occurred) and supplies were in place. The purpose of the interviews was to assess providers' knowledge of appropriate treatment for @entity294 in @entity1 , reported treatment practices, and availability of drugs in stock. More than 80% of all providers interviewed reported they had received training or a drug-detailing visit on diarrheal treatment in the past 6 months. Most providers in all cadres (range, 68% to 100%) correctly described how to prepare ORS and nearly all (range, 90% to 100%) reported routinely prescribing it to treat @entity294 in @entity1 . Reported routine prescription of @entity219 was lower, ranging from 62% among private providers to 96% among auxiliary nurse-midwives. Among providers who reported ever not recommending @entity219 (n=242), the 2 most frequently reported reasons for not doing so were not completely understanding @entity219 for @entity294 treatment and not having @entity219 in stock at the time of contact with the @entity1 . In a multiple logistic regression analysis, recent training or drug-detailing visits and having @entity219 in stock were associated with reported @entity219 prescribing (P<.05). Recent training among public providers was significantly associated with having correct knowledge of @entity219 treatment duration and dosage, but the same was not true of drug-detailing visits among private providers. Treating @entity294 with @entity219 and low-osmolarity ORS is new for public and private providers in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Sufficient training and logistics support to ensure consistent supplies are critical if providers are to begin routinely treating all @entity294 episodes with @entity219 and ORS.

title: Appropriate Management of Acute @entity294 in XXXX Among Public and Private Providers in Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: High intensity focused ultrasound via a transrectal approach was used to treat 15 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 . The first 10 of these 15 @entity1 underwent continuous temperature monitoring of the periprostatic region throughout the treatment. @entity1 undergoing transperineal thermocouple placement for the purpose of thermometry were treated while under general or spinal anesthesia, whereas 4 of the 5 remaining @entity1 were successfully treated using intravenous sedation alone. Of the 10 @entity1 9 did not demonstrate a significant temperature elevation. One @entity1 with a small prostatic anteroposterior diameter had a transient elevation of 17C. No @entity1 experienced a complication related to periprostatic heating. Followup was available at 90 days in all @entity1 . At 90 days the symptom scores decreased from a pretreatment value (American Urological Association questions 1 to 7) of 31.2 (range 22 to 38) to 15.8 (range 8 to 31). Peak flow rate increased by a mean of 4.7 ml per second from 9.3 ml per second before treatment to 14.0 ml per second at 90 days. The most frequent complication was that of transient urinary retention in 11 of 15 @entity1 (73.3%) and @entity13426 in 7 (46.7%). No adverse reactions persisted at 90 days. This study represents an initial attempt using high intensity focused ultrasound to treat symptomatic @entity1067 . Overall, the safety and effectiveness of high intensity focused ultrasound demonstrated in this pilot study are encouraging.

title: High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of XXXX : early United States clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity13426 :: ('MESH:D051516', 'Disease') :: ['hematospermia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: AIMS: MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play important roles in @entity5 progression. Their expression pattern can be useful for @entity5 classification. However, little is known about miRs in mammary phyllodes tumours (PT). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based @entity11216 profiling was performed in a small PT cohort to identify deregulated miRs in malignant PT. The purported roles and targets of these miRs were further validated. Unsupervised clustering of @entity11216 expression profiling segregated PT into different grades, implicating the @entity11216 profile in PT classification. Among the deregulated miRs, @entity10017 , @entity16105 and @entity10015 were validated to be higher in malignant than in lower-grade PT in the independent cohort by quantitative PCR (qPCR) (P   <=  0.032). Their expression correlated with some of the malignant histological features, including high stromal cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism and mitosis. Subsequent analysis of their downstream proteins, namely @entity983 for @entity10017 / @entity10015 and Rb for @entity16105 , also showed an independent significant negative association between @entity11216 and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS: Differential expression of miRs in PT could be useful in diagnosis and grading of PT. Their deregulated expression, together with the altered downstream targets, implicated their active involvement in PT malignant transformation.

title: MicroRNAs are differentially deregulated in mammary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant phyllodes tumour']


abstract: The study enrolled 53 @entity1 (29 males, 24 females) with @entity1576 aged 15-88 years. Most of them were 59 years of age and younger. In 1/3 of the @entity1 the diseases started with symptoms of @entity1729 , in 2/3 of them--with pulmonary affection. @entity55 was diagnosed in 50 @entity1 (94.3%), acute @entity3617 --in 3 @entity1 . ECG changes were registered in about half of the examinees who had no cardiac complaints. 25 of them had alterations in the end part of the ventricular ECG complex; rhythm and conduction disturbances occurred rarely. Mycoplasmosis @entity1 suffering from @entity741 ( @entity741 ) had stable ECG changes while in those free of @entity741 the changes were short. @entity296 foci were absent. @entity299 comparison in @entity1 with @entity1576 and in other @entity1729 has found that cardiovascular system suffers less in acute mycoplasmosis. These data are useful in differential diagnosis of @entity296 .

title: [Cardio-vascular system condition in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial infections']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections', 'acute respiratory viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory mycoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory mycoplasmosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent outbreaks of @entity4536 make the disease a public health concern in Punjab, Pakistan. The knowledge of how the population perceives the disease and its vector is essential in order to design an effective management strategy, but such studies are rare in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The present study was based on a cross-sectional self-administered survey comprising 250 household samples collected from five localities including Bhawalpur, Multan, Jhang, Faisalabad and Lahore. The results revealed that the respondents had a poor knowledge of the vector and disease. Few of the respondents were aware about the identification of sand flies, their breeding place, biting time, transmission of @entity232 and control measures. @entity272 and sandflies as the main disease symptom and vector of the disease, respectively, were known to some of the respondents. Some believed that summer was the main peak incidence of the disease and it could be transmitted from @entity1 to @entity1 via contact. However, most of the respondents believed that the disease could be cured. Admission to hospitals, cleanliness and use of bed nets were the treatment measures for the disease in suspected @entity1 , whereas some thought that the use of bed nets could be helpful in preventing @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Poor knowledge of the disease and its vector in the study population emphasize the need to initiate health education and awareness campaigns to minimize the risks of @entity4536 outbreaks in the future.

title: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to XXXX and Sand Flies in Punjab, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis infection']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin infection']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uncertainty in exposure estimates from models can result in exposure measurement error and can potentially affect the validity of epidemiological studies. We recently used a suite of environmental models and an integrated exposure and pharmacokinetic model to estimate individual @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) serum concentrations and assess the association with @entity1468 from 1990 through 2006 for the C8 Health Project @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of the current study are to evaluate impact of uncertainty in estimated @entity2207 drinking-water concentrations on estimated serum concentrations and their reported epidemiological association with @entity1468 . METHODS: For each individual public water district, we used Monte Carlo simulations to vary the year-by-year @entity2207 drinking-water concentration by randomly sampling from lognormal distributions for random error in the yearly public water district @entity2207 concentrations, systematic error specific to each water district, and global systematic error in the release assessment (using the estimated concentrations from the original fate and transport model as medians and a range of 2-, 5-, and 10-fold uncertainty). RESULTS: Uncertainty in @entity2207 water concentrations could cause major changes in estimated serum @entity2207 concentrations among @entity1 . However, there is relatively little impact on the resulting epidemiological association in our simulations. The contribution of exposure uncertainty to the total uncertainty (including regression parameter variance) ranged from 5% to 31%, and bias was negligible. CONCLUSIONS: We found that correlated exposure uncertainty can substantially change estimated @entity2207 serum concentrations, but results in only minor impacts on the epidemiological association between @entity2207 and @entity1468 . Citation: Avanasi R, Shin HM, Vieira VM, Savitz DA, Bartell SM. 2016. Impact of exposure uncertainty on the association between @entity2206 and @entity1468 in the C8 Health Project population. Environ Health Perspect 124:126-132;   http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409044.

title: Impact of Exposure Uncertainty on the Association between XXXX and Preeclampsia in the C8 Health Project Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanoate']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity2206 :: (MESH:C023036,Chemical) :: ['Perfluorooctanoate']


abstract: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerance of high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as part of front-line therapy in @entity978 for @entity1 with both adverse prognostic factors: high @entity5 burden at presentation and slow response to initial chemotherapy. In a prospective one-center study, 20 consecutive @entity1 with slow response ( @entity5 reduction < 75%) (16 pts) or refractory (4 pts) to 3-4 courses of conventional @entity2033 chemotherapy received high-dose therapy followed with autologous bone marrow (14 pts) or peripheral blood stem cell (6 pts) transplantation. They were 13 males, 7 females, median age 26 years (8-45). At the time of initial diagnosis, all but one of the @entity1 had B symptoms, all had high-risk @entity2033 defined as Ann Arbor stage IV (7 pts) or large mediastinal involvement (LMI = @entity5 /thorax > 0.45 at T5-T6) (6 pts) or both stage IV+LMI (7 pts). Median time between diagnosis and autotransplantation was 5 months. Intensive therapy consisted of either @entity2541 ( @entity786 1.5 g/m2 x 4, BCNU 300 mg/m2, @entity2879 200 mg/m2 x 3) (12 pts) or @entity786 120 mg/kg + 12 Gy total body irradiation for 8 @entity1 with diffuse bone or lung involvement. For pts treated with CBV, 40 Gy involved field radio-therapy was performed after hematological recovery. Median duration of @entity1398 was 16 days (9-21). Neither @entity5501 , nor @entity401 nor @entity137 death were observed. Seventeen pts are alive with no progression of the disease (16/16 in partial response after initial chemotherapy, 1/4 with refractory disease).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early intensive therapy with autotransplantation for high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: 30 years ago an @entity4349 antibiotic was shown to have antineoplastic activity. This led to the development of well over 1000 analogues with a vast spectrum of biochemical characteristics. Many biological actions have been described. The original @entity8253 are active against many types of @entity5 and are an integral part of several curative combinations. They are ineffective against other @entity5 . Although some analogues show an altered spectrum of activity or an improved therapeutic index relative to the older agents, it is not clear that @entity1370 can be totally avoided with these agents. Primary and secondary resistance to @entity8253 remain major clinical problems. Pharmacokinetic studies have been of limited help in explaining this. Overexpression of a surface-membrane permeability glycoprotein (Pgp) was identified in @entity43 of @entity1 who had clinical multidrug resistance in 1985. This led the way for the discovery of a number of resistance mechanisms in vitro. Some of these have been found in more than 1 type of cell line, and more than 1 mechanism may exist in a single cell. Additional resistance proteins have been identified, qualitative and quantitative alterations of topoisomerase II have been described, and some mechanisms in other systems have not yet been identified. Some of these may prove to be important in clinical drug resistance. Drugs such as @entity460 antagonists and @entity205 , studied initially for their ability to block the Pgp pump, appear to be heterogeneous in this capacity and may have additional sites of action. It will be critical for clinical studies to define the precise resistance mechanism(s) that must be reversed. To date this has been difficult, even in trials ostensibly dealing with the original Pgp. Liposomes can potentially alter @entity137 and target drug delivery to specific sites. In addition, they may permit the use of lipophilic drugs that would otherwise be difficult to administer systemically. Resistant @entity5 may be sensitive to @entity8253 delivered by liposomes. To reduce @entity1370 , administering @entity632 ( @entity632 ) by slow infusion through a central-venous line should be considered whenever feasible. Monitoring of cardiac ejection fraction and the use of endomyocardial biopsy will permit @entity1 to be treated safely after they reach the dose threshold at which @entity712 begins to be a potential risk. A number of structurally modified @entity8253 with the potential advantages of decreased @entity1370 and avoidance of multidrug resistance mechanisms are entering clinical trials. Meanwhile, the vast weight of clinical experience leaves @entity632 as a well tolerated and effective choice for most potentially @entity4349 -sensitive @entity5 .

title: XXXX antibiotics in @entity5 therapy. Focus on drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity', 'cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['Anthracycline']


abstract: 30 years ago an @entity4349 antibiotic was shown to have antineoplastic activity. This led to the development of well over 1000 analogues with a vast spectrum of biochemical characteristics. Many biological actions have been described. The original @entity8253 are active against many types of @entity5 and are an integral part of several curative combinations. They are ineffective against other @entity5 . Although some analogues show an altered spectrum of activity or an improved therapeutic index relative to the older agents, it is not clear that @entity1370 can be totally avoided with these agents. Primary and secondary resistance to @entity8253 remain major clinical problems. Pharmacokinetic studies have been of limited help in explaining this. Overexpression of a surface-membrane permeability glycoprotein (Pgp) was identified in @entity43 of @entity1 who had clinical multidrug resistance in 1985. This led the way for the discovery of a number of resistance mechanisms in vitro. Some of these have been found in more than 1 type of cell line, and more than 1 mechanism may exist in a single cell. Additional resistance proteins have been identified, qualitative and quantitative alterations of topoisomerase II have been described, and some mechanisms in other systems have not yet been identified. Some of these may prove to be important in clinical drug resistance. Drugs such as @entity460 antagonists and @entity205 , studied initially for their ability to block the Pgp pump, appear to be heterogeneous in this capacity and may have additional sites of action. It will be critical for clinical studies to define the precise resistance mechanism(s) that must be reversed. To date this has been difficult, even in trials ostensibly dealing with the original Pgp. Liposomes can potentially alter @entity137 and target drug delivery to specific sites. In addition, they may permit the use of lipophilic drugs that would otherwise be difficult to administer systemically. Resistant @entity5 may be sensitive to @entity8253 delivered by liposomes. To reduce @entity1370 , administering @entity632 ( @entity632 ) by slow infusion through a central-venous line should be considered whenever feasible. Monitoring of cardiac ejection fraction and the use of endomyocardial biopsy will permit @entity1 to be treated safely after they reach the dose threshold at which @entity712 begins to be a potential risk. A number of structurally modified @entity8253 with the potential advantages of decreased @entity1370 and avoidance of multidrug resistance mechanisms are entering clinical trials. Meanwhile, the vast weight of clinical experience leaves @entity632 as a well tolerated and effective choice for most potentially @entity4349 -sensitive @entity5 .

title: @entity4349 antibiotics in XXXX therapy. Focus on drug resistance.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity3064 is a significant problem in critically ill @entity1 . It is widespread, can colonise @entity1 quickly and causes @entity281 . However, its overall impact on morbidity and mortality in the critically ill remains unmeasured. This study was designed to investigate A. baumannii colonisation and @entity281 rates in a critically ill population over an 18-month period. Twenty-seven @entity1 from a population of 347 were identified as having A. baumannii. Sixteen were colonised, whereas 11 were infected. Eleven of the 27 @entity1 with A. baumannii died (41%). Of these, eight were colonised and three were infected. In the same period, 320 @entity1 did not have A. baumannii and their mortality rate was 20% (n = 64). The mortality rate of @entity1 with A. baumannii was significantly higher than that of @entity1 without @entity281 .

title: The impact of XXXX in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['virulent infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Favorable treatment outcomes with @entity310 blockade led us to explore cytokine responses in @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ). METHODS: Blood monocytes of 120 @entity1 and 24 healthy volunteers were subtyped by flow cytometry. Isolated blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated for cytokine production; this was repeated in 13 severe @entity1 during treatment with etanercept. Cytokines in pus were measured. RESULTS: CD14brightCD16dim inflammatory monocytes and patrolling monocytes were increased in @entity3354 @entity1 . Cytokine production by stimulated PBMCs was low compared to controls but the cytokine gene copies did not differ, indicating post-translational inhibition. The low production of @entity4155 was restored, when cells were incubated with adalimumab. In pus, high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected. Based on the patterns, six different cytokine profiles were discerned, which are potentially relevant for the choice of treatment. Clinical improvement with etanercept was predicted by increased production of @entity1356 and @entity4155 by PBMCs at week 8. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate compartmentalized cytokine expression in @entity1751 ; high in pus but suppressed in PBMCs. This is modulated through blockade of @entity310 .

title: Compartmentalized Cytokine Responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis suppurativa', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity3354 :: ('MESH:C565336', 'Disease') :: ['Hurley III']

answer: @entity1751 :: (MESH:D017497,Disease) :: ['Hidradenitis Suppurativa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild @entity131 (mTBI) constitutes 75% of more than 1.5 million traumatic @entity1545 annually. There exists no consensus on point-of-care screening for mTBI. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) is a quick and easy test used by the US Army to screen for mTBI; however, its utility in civilian @entity130 is unclear. It has two parts: a history section and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score (0-30) previously validated in @entity2587 . As a performance improvement project, our institution sought to evaluate the MACE as a concussion screening tool that could be used by housestaff in a general civilian @entity130 population. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, @entity1 18 years to 65 years old with suspected concussion were given the MACE within 72 hours of admission to our urban Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 with a positive head computed tomography were excluded. Demographic data and MACE scores were recorded in prospect. Concussion was defined as @entity909 and/or posttraumatic @entity2730 ; concussed @entity1 were compared with those nonconcussed. Sensitivity and specificity for each respective MACE score were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve area of 0.8 was set as the benchmark for a good screening test to distinguish concussion from nonconcussion. RESULTS: There were 84 concussions and 30 nonconcussed @entity1 . Both groups were similar; however, the concussion group had a lower mean MACE score than the nonconcussed @entity1 . Data analysis demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of a range of MACE scores used to generate an ROC curve area of only 0.65. CONCLUSION: The MACE showed a lower mean score for individuals with concussion, defined by @entity909 and/or posttraumatic @entity2730 . However, the ROC curve area of 0.65 highly suggests that MACE alone would be a poor screening test for mTBI in a general civilian @entity130 population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II.

title: Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild XXXX in a civilian @entity130 population.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild @entity131 (mTBI) constitutes 75% of more than 1.5 million traumatic @entity1545 annually. There exists no consensus on point-of-care screening for mTBI. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) is a quick and easy test used by the US Army to screen for mTBI; however, its utility in civilian @entity130 is unclear. It has two parts: a history section and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score (0-30) previously validated in @entity2587 . As a performance improvement project, our institution sought to evaluate the MACE as a concussion screening tool that could be used by housestaff in a general civilian @entity130 population. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, @entity1 18 years to 65 years old with suspected concussion were given the MACE within 72 hours of admission to our urban Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 with a positive head computed tomography were excluded. Demographic data and MACE scores were recorded in prospect. Concussion was defined as @entity909 and/or posttraumatic @entity2730 ; concussed @entity1 were compared with those nonconcussed. Sensitivity and specificity for each respective MACE score were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve area of 0.8 was set as the benchmark for a good screening test to distinguish concussion from nonconcussion. RESULTS: There were 84 concussions and 30 nonconcussed @entity1 . Both groups were similar; however, the concussion group had a lower mean MACE score than the nonconcussed @entity1 . Data analysis demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of a range of MACE scores used to generate an ROC curve area of only 0.65. CONCLUSION: The MACE showed a lower mean score for individuals with concussion, defined by @entity909 and/or posttraumatic @entity2730 . However, the ROC curve area of 0.65 highly suggests that MACE alone would be a poor screening test for mTBI in a general civilian @entity130 population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II.

title: Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild @entity131 in a civilian XXXX population.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymph is pumped through the collecting lymphatic vessels by both intrinsic and extrinsic forces, propelling it downstream back into circulation. The intrinsic lymph pump relies on the spontaneous contraction of lymphatic muscles to generate the force of pumping lymph (Plp). However, the association between leg @entity4 and reduced leg Plp in the general population is unknown. Therefore, this study determined the association of leg Plp and @entity4 complaints and quality of life in healthy @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 465 healthy volunteers (78 @entity1 and 387 @entity1 , age 30-85 years) filled out a questionnaire and medical history to rule out severe @entity66 . Quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF36). Leg Plp was measured using minimally invasive @entity3194 fluorescence lymphography and an occlusion cuff technique while sitting. All @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the Plp values, as follows: @entity1 with Plp >40   mmHg in both legs, 20   mmHg-40   mmHg in either leg; and <20   mmHg in both legs were divided into the good (n=100), moderate (n=314), and poor (n=51) Plp groups, respectively. The survey revealed the poor leg Plp group was associated with more frequently complaints of leg @entity4 , as well as lower quality of life than the moderate and good Plp groups. CONCLUSION: Reduced leg Plp is significantly associated with leg @entity4 complaints and lower quality of life in the general population.

title: Low Lymphatic Pumping Pressure in the Legs Is Associated with Leg XXXX and Lower Quality of Life in Healthy Volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases and local venous/lymphatic diseases']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Edema']


abstract: Increased release of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) from airway parasympathetic nerve endings is one mechanism that may contribute to increases in airway responsiveness in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-immune allergen-exposed animals. We measured @entity1617 released from @entity19 @entity825 following electrical field stimulation in vitro. BALB/c @entity19 were immunized by exposure to an aerosol of 1% ovalbumin in sterile @entity1391 -buffered saline for 20 min/day for 10 days. At this time, levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE were proportionately higher than ovalbumin-specific IgG. As a control, nonimmune @entity19 were similarly exposed to @entity1391 -buffered saline alone. Forty-eight hours after the last aerosol, @entity825 were removed for assessment of either the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation and a cholinergic agonist ( @entity2710 or @entity1617 ) or release of @entity1617 produced by electrical field stimulation. @entity1617 in the bath was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The stimulation frequencies causing one-half the maximal contractile response to electrical field stimulation were 4.1 +/- 0.2 and 2.8 +/- 0.2 Hz (P = 0.0001) for nonimmune and immune @entity19 , respectively, whereas the molar concentrations of @entity2710 causing one-half of the maximal contractile response did not significantly differ. In addition, the dose-response curves of immune and nonimmune @entity825 to @entity1617 were superimposable. A significant increase in @entity1617 release was demonstrated at both 10 and 20 Hz in @entity825 from immune @entity19 . @entity1617 release (pmol.g tissue-1.min-1) from nonimmune and immune @entity19 @entity825 , respectively, were 140 +/- 8 and 205 +/- 22 (P = 0.013) at 10 Hz and 147 +/- 13 and 227 +/- 14 (P = 0.008) at 20 Hz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased XXXX release in @entity825 from allergen-exposed IgE-immune @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheas']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Increased release of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) from airway parasympathetic nerve endings is one mechanism that may contribute to increases in airway responsiveness in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-immune allergen-exposed animals. We measured @entity1617 released from @entity19 @entity825 following electrical field stimulation in vitro. BALB/c @entity19 were immunized by exposure to an aerosol of 1% ovalbumin in sterile @entity1391 -buffered saline for 20 min/day for 10 days. At this time, levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE were proportionately higher than ovalbumin-specific IgG. As a control, nonimmune @entity19 were similarly exposed to @entity1391 -buffered saline alone. Forty-eight hours after the last aerosol, @entity825 were removed for assessment of either the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation and a cholinergic agonist ( @entity2710 or @entity1617 ) or release of @entity1617 produced by electrical field stimulation. @entity1617 in the bath was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The stimulation frequencies causing one-half the maximal contractile response to electrical field stimulation were 4.1 +/- 0.2 and 2.8 +/- 0.2 Hz (P = 0.0001) for nonimmune and immune @entity19 , respectively, whereas the molar concentrations of @entity2710 causing one-half of the maximal contractile response did not significantly differ. In addition, the dose-response curves of immune and nonimmune @entity825 to @entity1617 were superimposable. A significant increase in @entity1617 release was demonstrated at both 10 and 20 Hz in @entity825 from immune @entity19 . @entity1617 release (pmol.g tissue-1.min-1) from nonimmune and immune @entity19 @entity825 , respectively, were 140 +/- 8 and 205 +/- 22 (P = 0.013) at 10 Hz and 147 +/- 13 and 227 +/- 14 (P = 0.008) at 20 Hz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased @entity934 release in XXXX from allergen-exposed IgE-immune @entity19 .

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['tracheas']


abstract: Increased release of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) from airway parasympathetic nerve endings is one mechanism that may contribute to increases in airway responsiveness in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-immune allergen-exposed animals. We measured @entity1617 released from @entity19 @entity825 following electrical field stimulation in vitro. BALB/c @entity19 were immunized by exposure to an aerosol of 1% ovalbumin in sterile @entity1391 -buffered saline for 20 min/day for 10 days. At this time, levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE were proportionately higher than ovalbumin-specific IgG. As a control, nonimmune @entity19 were similarly exposed to @entity1391 -buffered saline alone. Forty-eight hours after the last aerosol, @entity825 were removed for assessment of either the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation and a cholinergic agonist ( @entity2710 or @entity1617 ) or release of @entity1617 produced by electrical field stimulation. @entity1617 in the bath was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The stimulation frequencies causing one-half the maximal contractile response to electrical field stimulation were 4.1 +/- 0.2 and 2.8 +/- 0.2 Hz (P = 0.0001) for nonimmune and immune @entity19 , respectively, whereas the molar concentrations of @entity2710 causing one-half of the maximal contractile response did not significantly differ. In addition, the dose-response curves of immune and nonimmune @entity825 to @entity1617 were superimposable. A significant increase in @entity1617 release was demonstrated at both 10 and 20 Hz in @entity825 from immune @entity19 . @entity1617 release (pmol.g tissue-1.min-1) from nonimmune and immune @entity19 @entity825 , respectively, were 140 +/- 8 and 205 +/- 22 (P = 0.013) at 10 Hz and 147 +/- 13 and 227 +/- 14 (P = 0.008) at 20 Hz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased @entity934 release in @entity825 from allergen-exposed IgE-immune XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of facial nerve involvement with @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1897 (IPFP), and to discuss the localization and the pattern of enhancement. A total of 13 @entity1 (9 female, 4 male) with IFPF were included in this study. Topographic tests and electromyography (EMG) were performed, and MRI was taken. Ten subjects whose cranial MRIs were taken for nonorganic pathology served as the control group. Twelve of 13 paralytic facial nerves had enhancement on postcontrast images. Two facial nerves of the control group demonstrated enhancement. We found a correlation between the enhancement of the facial nerve and the time for recovery. The average time from the onset of @entity3541 to the recovery in @entity1 with enhancement was 14 weeks, whereas it was 6 weeks in @entity1 with no enhancement. Finally, all @entity1 had complete recovery of the @entity2103 . We concluded that contrast enhancement of the paralytic facial nerve can be a radiological sign of a @entity32 and may indicate a prolonged recovery.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the intratemporal facial nerve in idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['neural inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral facial palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate serial assessments of systolic coronary flow reversal in the @entity1188 related artery for predicting poor left ventricular functional recovery after reperfused acute @entity583 . SETTING: Regional hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: 49 @entity1 with anterior acute @entity583 had transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to record coronary flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery immediately after successful primary coronary angioplasty (day 0), and at 48 hours, one week, and three weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coronary flow velocity at each time point; regional wall motion score index (RWMSI) at day 0 and at three weeks. Irreversible dysfunction was defined as a decrease in RWMSI to < 0.22. RESULTS: Measurements of coronary flow velocity could be made in 45 @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into three groups: no systolic flow reversal (group 1, n = 27), systolic flow reversal observed only on day 0 (group 2, n = 8), and systolic flow reversal persisting until 48 hours (group 3, n = 10). Although baseline RWMSI was similar among the three groups, the value at three weeks was significantly higher in group 3 than in the other two groups. In predicting @entity409 , the persistence of systolic flow reversal up to 48 hours had a higher positive predictive value (100%) than the presence of systolic flow reversal on day 0 (67%, p < 0.04). The negative predictive value of systolic flow reversal at 48 hours (83%) was comparable in accuracy to the presence of systolic flow reversal on day 0 (85%, NS). CONCLUSIONS: In reperfused anterior acute @entity583 , serial assessment of coronary flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery is feasible using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, and the persistence of systolic flow reversal at 48 hours is a more specific marker of @entity409 than peak @entity908 kinase or diastolic deceleration time.

title: Persistence of systolic coronary flow reversal predicts XXXX after reperfused anterior @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['irreversible dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['irreversible dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate serial assessments of systolic coronary flow reversal in the @entity1188 related artery for predicting poor left ventricular functional recovery after reperfused acute @entity583 . SETTING: Regional hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: 49 @entity1 with anterior acute @entity583 had transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to record coronary flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery immediately after successful primary coronary angioplasty (day 0), and at 48 hours, one week, and three weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coronary flow velocity at each time point; regional wall motion score index (RWMSI) at day 0 and at three weeks. Irreversible dysfunction was defined as a decrease in RWMSI to < 0.22. RESULTS: Measurements of coronary flow velocity could be made in 45 @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into three groups: no systolic flow reversal (group 1, n = 27), systolic flow reversal observed only on day 0 (group 2, n = 8), and systolic flow reversal persisting until 48 hours (group 3, n = 10). Although baseline RWMSI was similar among the three groups, the value at three weeks was significantly higher in group 3 than in the other two groups. In predicting @entity409 , the persistence of systolic flow reversal up to 48 hours had a higher positive predictive value (100%) than the presence of systolic flow reversal on day 0 (67%, p < 0.04). The negative predictive value of systolic flow reversal at 48 hours (83%) was comparable in accuracy to the presence of systolic flow reversal on day 0 (85%, NS). CONCLUSIONS: In reperfused anterior acute @entity583 , serial assessment of coronary flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery is feasible using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, and the persistence of systolic flow reversal at 48 hours is a more specific marker of @entity409 than peak @entity908 kinase or diastolic deceleration time.

title: Persistence of systolic coronary flow reversal predicts @entity409 after reperfused anterior XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted @entity2348 in Scotland, and is associated with potentially serious reproductive outcomes, including @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) and @entity249 ( @entity249 ) in @entity1 . Chlamydia testing in Scotland is currently targeted towards symptomatic individuals, individuals at high risk of existing undetected infection, and young @entity1 . The cost-effectiveness of testing and treatment to prevent @entity4134 and @entity249 in Scotland is uncertain. METHODS: A compartmental deterministic dynamic model of @entity1047 in 15-24 year olds in Scotland was developed. The model was used to estimate the impact of a change in testing strategy from baseline (16.8% overall testing coverage; 0.4 partners notified and tested/treated per treated positive index) on @entity4134 and @entity249 cases. Cost-effectiveness calculations informed by best-available estimates of the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost due to @entity4134 and @entity249 were also performed. RESULTS: Increasing overall testing coverage by 50% from baseline to 25.2% is estimated to result in 21% fewer cases in young @entity1 each year ( @entity4134 : 703 fewer; @entity249 : 88 fewer). A 50% decrease to 8.4% would result in 20% more @entity4134 (669 additional) and @entity249 (84 additional) cases occurring annually. The cost per QALY gained of current testing activities compared to no testing is   40,034, which is above the   20,000-  30,000 cost-effectiveness threshold. However, calculations are hampered by lack of reliable data. Any increase in partner notification from baseline would be cost-effective (incremental cost per QALY gained for a partner notification efficacy of 1 compared to baseline:   5,119), and would increase the cost-effectiveness of current testing strategy compared to no testing, with threshold cost-effectiveness reached at a partner notification efficacy of 1.5. However, there is uncertainty in the extent to which partner notification is currently done, and hence the amount by which it could potentially be increased. CONCLUSIONS: Current @entity1047 testing strategy in Scotland is not cost-effective under the conservative model assumptions applied. However, with better data enabling some of these assumptions to be relaxed, current coverage could be cost-effective. Meanwhile, increasing partner notification efficacy on its own would be a cost-effective way of preventing @entity4134 and @entity249 from current strategy.

title: Impact and cost-effectiveness of XXXX testing in Scotland: a mathematical modelling study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal factor infertility', 'TFI']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia infection', 'chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The present work compared the behavioral outcomes of ACCS therapy delivered either intravenously (i.v.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) after penetrating ballistic-like @entity1545 (PBBI). Histological markers for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration were employed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of ACCS. Methods: Experiment-1, ACCS was administered either i.v. or i.c.v. for 1 week post-PBBI. Outcome metrics included behavioral (rotarod and Morris water maze) and gross morphological assessments. Experiment-2, @entity35 received ACCS i.c.v for either 1 or 2 weeks post-PBBI. The inflammatory response was determined by immunohistochemistry for neutrophils and microglia reactivity. @entity179 was visualized using @entity575 staining. Results: Both i.v. and i.c.v. delivery of ACCS improved motor outcome but failed to improve cognitive outcome or tissue sparing. Importantly, only i.c.v. ACCS treatment produced persistent motor improvements at a later endpoint. The i.c.v. ACCS treatment significantly reduced PBBI-induced increase in @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) and ionized @entity460 binding adaptor molecule 1 ( @entity16339 ) expression. Concomitant reduction of both @entity16339 and @entity575 staining were detected in corpus callosum with i.c.v. ACCS treatment. Conclusions: ACCS, as a treatment for @entity131 , showed promise with regard to functional (motor) recovery and demonstrated strong capability to modulate neuroinflammatory responses that may underline functional recovery. However, the majority of beneficial effects appear restricted to the i.c.v. route of ACCS delivery, which warrants future studies examining delivery routes (e.g. intranasal delivery) which are more clinically viable for the treatment of @entity131 .

title: Treatment with amnion-derived cellular cytokine solution (ACCS) induces persistent motor improvement and ameliorates neuroinflammation in a @entity35 model of penetrating ballistic-like XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The present work compared the behavioral outcomes of ACCS therapy delivered either intravenously (i.v.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) after penetrating ballistic-like @entity1545 (PBBI). Histological markers for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration were employed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of ACCS. Methods: Experiment-1, ACCS was administered either i.v. or i.c.v. for 1 week post-PBBI. Outcome metrics included behavioral (rotarod and Morris water maze) and gross morphological assessments. Experiment-2, @entity35 received ACCS i.c.v for either 1 or 2 weeks post-PBBI. The inflammatory response was determined by immunohistochemistry for neutrophils and microglia reactivity. @entity179 was visualized using @entity575 staining. Results: Both i.v. and i.c.v. delivery of ACCS improved motor outcome but failed to improve cognitive outcome or tissue sparing. Importantly, only i.c.v. ACCS treatment produced persistent motor improvements at a later endpoint. The i.c.v. ACCS treatment significantly reduced PBBI-induced increase in @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) and ionized @entity460 binding adaptor molecule 1 ( @entity16339 ) expression. Concomitant reduction of both @entity16339 and @entity575 staining were detected in corpus callosum with i.c.v. ACCS treatment. Conclusions: ACCS, as a treatment for @entity131 , showed promise with regard to functional (motor) recovery and demonstrated strong capability to modulate neuroinflammatory responses that may underline functional recovery. However, the majority of beneficial effects appear restricted to the i.c.v. route of ACCS delivery, which warrants future studies examining delivery routes (e.g. intranasal delivery) which are more clinically viable for the treatment of @entity131 .

title: Treatment with amnion-derived cellular cytokine solution (ACCS) induces persistent motor improvement and ameliorates neuroinflammation in a XXXX model of penetrating ballistic-like @entity1545 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']