abstract: @entity42201 ( @entity42201 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity42201 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity5538 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity8271 and @entity8024 on @entity19 CT26 @entity694 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity19 @entity42201 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity4895 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity1309 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity19 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity694 exhibited most significant @entity5 growth inhibition, and four of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were @entity5 free, while @entity5 in other @entity19 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity5 tissue revealed that @entity5 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity19 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity2047 and @entity60 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity5 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity42201 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated @entity42201 gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of XXXX deaminase suicide gene therapy in established @entity19 @entity694 .

answer: @entity5538 :: (MESH:D003596,Chemical) :: ['cytosine']


abstract: @entity42201 ( @entity42201 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity42201 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity5538 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity8271 and @entity8024 on @entity19 CT26 @entity694 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity19 @entity42201 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity4895 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity1309 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity19 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity694 exhibited most significant @entity5 growth inhibition, and four of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were @entity5 free, while @entity5 in other @entity19 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity5 tissue revealed that @entity5 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity19 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity2047 and @entity60 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity5 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity42201 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated XXXX gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of @entity5538 deaminase suicide gene therapy in established @entity19 @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'eight tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity42201 :: (16963(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lymphotactin']


abstract: @entity42201 ( @entity42201 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity42201 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity5538 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity8271 and @entity8024 on @entity19 CT26 @entity694 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity19 @entity42201 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity4895 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity1309 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity19 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity694 exhibited most significant @entity5 growth inhibition, and four of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were @entity5 free, while @entity5 in other @entity19 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity5 tissue revealed that @entity5 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity19 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity2047 and @entity60 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity5 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity42201 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated @entity42201 gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of @entity5538 deaminase suicide gene therapy in established XXXX @entity694 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity796 proteases are thought to be important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of @entity2687 . This study examined protease production from two strains of @entity796 responsible for two very distinct clinical diseases: strain Paer1, isolated from a @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ), and strain KEI 1025, isolated from a corneal @entity1066 . Strains were compared to a laboratory strain (ATCC 19660) known to produce severe @entity1036 in experimentally infected @entity19 for protease production and for ocular virulence. METHODS: Protease production was examined with colorimetric assays, gelatin zymography and western blots. Elastase A activity was quantitated with a staphylolytic assay. Ocular virulence was examined using a @entity19 scratch model of @entity1036 . RESULTS: In contrast to strains KEI 1025 or ATCC 19660, Paer1 was unable to produce enzymatically active elastase A, elastase, and protease IV. All three strains produced active alkaline protease. Strains KEI 1025 and ATCC 19660 produced a fulminant @entity1036 in @entity19 whereas Paer1 produced a mild transient @entity281 . Restoration of elastase activity in Paer1 via genetic complementation did not result in a virulent phenotype. @entity325 of @entity19 eyes with strains Paer1 and ATCC 19660 resulted in the eventual loss of Paer1 from corneal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that @entity796 elastase A and/or protease IV, but not alkaline protease or elastase, contribute to the ocular virulence of this organism.

title: A @entity796 isolated from a contact lens-induced acute red eye ( XXXX ) is protease-deficient.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Contact Lens-induced Acute Red Eye', 'CLARE']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disease']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Co-infection']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['CLARE']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity796 proteases are thought to be important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of @entity2687 . This study examined protease production from two strains of @entity796 responsible for two very distinct clinical diseases: strain Paer1, isolated from a @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ), and strain KEI 1025, isolated from a corneal @entity1066 . Strains were compared to a laboratory strain (ATCC 19660) known to produce severe @entity1036 in experimentally infected @entity19 for protease production and for ocular virulence. METHODS: Protease production was examined with colorimetric assays, gelatin zymography and western blots. Elastase A activity was quantitated with a staphylolytic assay. Ocular virulence was examined using a @entity19 scratch model of @entity1036 . RESULTS: In contrast to strains KEI 1025 or ATCC 19660, Paer1 was unable to produce enzymatically active elastase A, elastase, and protease IV. All three strains produced active alkaline protease. Strains KEI 1025 and ATCC 19660 produced a fulminant @entity1036 in @entity19 whereas Paer1 produced a mild transient @entity281 . Restoration of elastase activity in Paer1 via genetic complementation did not result in a virulent phenotype. @entity325 of @entity19 eyes with strains Paer1 and ATCC 19660 resulted in the eventual loss of Paer1 from corneal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that @entity796 elastase A and/or protease IV, but not alkaline protease or elastase, contribute to the ocular virulence of this organism.

title: A XXXX isolated from a contact lens-induced acute red eye ( @entity2194 ) is protease-deficient.

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to validate a mathematical simulation model of the Q3 ATD in an integrated forward-facing booster-type restraint in the rear seat and to evaluate restraint parameters to further develop design guidelines for this type of restraint system for forward-facing @entity1 corresponding to the size of the Q3. Only frontal impact was considered. METHODS: The software MADYMO was used to create and run the model of the restraint system and model of the @entity1 . The restraint system consisted of a seat and a safety belt. The @entity1 dummy model was the Q3. The complete model was validated to sled tests on 12 response signals: displacements of the dummy model, safety belt forces, and dummy model accelerations. The method used in the evaluation of the restraint parameters was a factorial design of experiments (DOE). The study included a total of 9 parameters: 6 related to the safety belt, such as pretensioner, load limiter, and belt anchor positions; two parameters related to the seat (stiffness and pitch angle); and one related to the foot support. The parameters were evaluated based on their effect on a number of dummy model responses. RESULTS: The validation study showed that the mathematical model predicted the ATD's kinematics and measurements. Furthermore, the parameters that had the greatest effect on the dummy model responses were the @entity3813 belt angle, the D-ring x and y positions (upper belt anchor), the retractor pretensioner, and the retractor load limiter. The @entity3813 belt angle had the greatest effects of all parameters. The resulting head x displacement was 7.8 cm shorter with a @entity3813 belt angle of 24 degrees to the horizontal, compared to a 73 degrees to the horizontal belt angle; it also resulted in a reduction of the head resultant acceleration by 9.8 g. CONCLUSIONS: In order to decrease the Q3 ATD head, chest, and pelvis accelerations and to limit the Q3 ATD head displacement, the following practices are recommended: first, position the D-ring rearward of the ATD so that the belt encloses the ATD's shoulder; second, position the @entity3813 belt anchors to make the @entity3813 belt angle 24 degrees to the horizontal, but make sure submarining is not induced; and finally, use a safety belt with pretensioner and load limiter functions. However, these recommendations need to be balanced with the recommendations for other occupant sizes, and any specific settings have to be evaluated further before introduction into vehicles.

title: XXXX safety in vehicles: validation of a mathematical model and development of restraint system design guidelines for 3-year-olds through mathematical simulations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: During replication of the linear chromosomes, telomeres, i.e. the ends of the chromosomes, are not replicated completely by the conventional DNA polymerases. Therefore, normal somatic cells senesce after certain number of cell divisions. Telomerase is a special reverse transcriptase used by most eukaryotes to achieve immortalization. Telomerase activity has been determined in a variety of @entity5 . However, there are few reports on telomerase activity in @entity135 . The etiology of the disease in India is completely different from Western countries. @entity286 consumption is more prevalent in India and the mode of @entity286 consumption (e.g. chewing, snuffing, bidi smoking, reverse smoking) is also different. The present study determined telomerase activity in 32 @entity5 samples of @entity135 @entity1 , 11 samples from @entity1 with precancerous/benign lesions and 30 samples of adjacent normal tissues. Telomerase was found to be activated in 80% of the @entity1 with @entity135 , 100% of the @entity1 with precancerous/benign lesions and 74% of the adjacent normal tissues. According to the theory of field cancerization, carcinogenic insults (e.g. @entity286 ) may result into multiple malignant foci. This fact may explain the reason for high telomerase positivity in adjacent normal as well as precancerous/benign tissues. Telomerase activation and the clinical or histopathological characteristics of the @entity135 @entity1 were observed to be independent features. This is a preliminary report which has generated a greater interest for in-depth elucidation of the role of telomerase and telomeres in @entity135 in India.

title: Evaluation of telomerase activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignant tumour']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was induced in @entity35 following a single injection of @entity18525 . A transient @entity2011 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity7199 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity18525 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7199 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity18525 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7199 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7199 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity810 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity39 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity75 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7199 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary XXXX during chromate-induced @entity810 in @entity35 : urinary @entity7199 excretion as a possible recovery index.

entities_list: @entity18525 :: ('MESH:C028982', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chromate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Less marked lesions']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'ARF']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

answer: @entity7199 :: (MESH:D007610,Chemical) :: ['kallikrein']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was induced in @entity35 following a single injection of @entity18525 . A transient @entity2011 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity7199 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity18525 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7199 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity18525 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7199 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7199 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity810 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity39 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity75 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7199 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary @entity7199 during chromate-induced @entity810 in @entity35 : urinary XXXX excretion as a possible recovery index.

answer: @entity7199 :: (MESH:D007610,Chemical) :: ['kallikrein']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was induced in @entity35 following a single injection of @entity18525 . A transient @entity2011 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity7199 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity18525 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7199 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity18525 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7199 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7199 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity810 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity39 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity75 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7199 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary @entity7199 during chromate-induced XXXX in @entity35 : urinary @entity7199 excretion as a possible recovery index.

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was induced in @entity35 following a single injection of @entity18525 . A transient @entity2011 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity18525 administration. Urinary @entity7199 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity18525 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7199 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity18525 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7199 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7199 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity810 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity39 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity75 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7199 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary @entity7199 during chromate-induced @entity810 in XXXX : urinary @entity7199 excretion as a possible recovery index.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Regulation of the @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) gene is the primary determinant for telomerase enzyme activity, which is found in @entity5 cells but is largely absent from normal somatic cells. Recent studies have shown that @entity517 protein can transcriptionally activate the @entity2215 gene. However, little is known about the repression mechanism of the @entity2215 gene and telomerase enzyme. Here, we developed an expression cloning strategy to identify cDNAs whose products can repress @entity2215 promoter activity in telomerase-positive immortal cells. Using this screen, we isolated the @entity3969 1 suppressor gene ( @entity8587 ). @entity8587 can repress @entity2215 promoter activity in 293 kidney cells. The @entity8587 binding site on the @entity2215 promoter was identified by deletional analysis. Alteration of the @entity8587 binding site markedly derepresses transcription from an isolated @entity2215 promoter by inhibiting interaction of @entity8587 with DNA. These specific repression effects of @entity8587 were not observed in HeLa cells, which express no endogenous @entity8587 . Furthermore, we show that @entity8587 can repress the endogenous @entity2215 promoter and telomerase enzyme activities. These results suggest that @entity8587 may be a transcriptional repressor of the @entity2215 gene, at least in some specific cells.

title: The XXXX suppressor gene represses transcription of the @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase gene.

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor 1 tumor']


abstract: Regulation of the @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) gene is the primary determinant for telomerase enzyme activity, which is found in @entity5 cells but is largely absent from normal somatic cells. Recent studies have shown that @entity517 protein can transcriptionally activate the @entity2215 gene. However, little is known about the repression mechanism of the @entity2215 gene and telomerase enzyme. Here, we developed an expression cloning strategy to identify cDNAs whose products can repress @entity2215 promoter activity in telomerase-positive immortal cells. Using this screen, we isolated the @entity3969 1 suppressor gene ( @entity8587 ). @entity8587 can repress @entity2215 promoter activity in 293 kidney cells. The @entity8587 binding site on the @entity2215 promoter was identified by deletional analysis. Alteration of the @entity8587 binding site markedly derepresses transcription from an isolated @entity2215 promoter by inhibiting interaction of @entity8587 with DNA. These specific repression effects of @entity8587 were not observed in HeLa cells, which express no endogenous @entity8587 . Furthermore, we show that @entity8587 can repress the endogenous @entity2215 promoter and telomerase enzyme activities. These results suggest that @entity8587 may be a transcriptional repressor of the @entity2215 gene, at least in some specific cells.

title: The @entity5 suppressor gene represses transcription of the XXXX telomerase reverse transcriptase gene.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal autotransplantation is an established therapy in cases of @entity8 , @entity5 of the kidney and @entity8 . It has been a significant technical innovation, aiding the urologist in his great effort to preserve renal function by conserving renal tissue. We report our experience with autotransplantation in 4 @entity1 . The indications, techniques, and results of renal autotransplantation in relation to our own experience are discussed. METHODS: The @entity1 included 3 @entity1 and one @entity1 . The average age of the @entity1 was 35 years old, with a range from 20 to 54 years. One @entity1 had @entity12040 , the second had Nutcracker syndrome with @entity812 and @entity811 , the third a complicated long @entity1698 , and the fourth @entity1 a renal @entity439 . RESULTS: The average operation time was 7 hours (4.5 to 8.5 hours), and the cold @entity63 time was about 88 minutes (45 to 150 minutes). Three of the autografts resumed normal renal perfusion, and in the fourth @entity1 the renal autograft was lost due to vascular @entity715 . CONCLUSION: Renal autotransplantation is a feasible method for the surgical treatment of @entity8 . To avoid postoperative ureteral sloughing and subsequent urinary fistulas, the ureter can be left intact to preserve the ureter blood supply. However, in the case of a complicated vascular reconstruction procedure, it appears to be appropriate to divide the ureter and have the kidney completely free, thus avoiding back-flow perfusion from the intrinsic and intercommunicating blood supply in the ureteral wall, which may result in vascular @entity715 and subsequent autograft failure.

title: Renal autotransplantation for XXXX and renovascular disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and ureteral lesions', 'renal vascular lesions', 'ureter, complex ureteral lesions, and kidney trauma']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureter stricture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['artery saccular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1698 :: (MESH:D014516,Disease) :: ['ureter stricture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity580 ( @entity580 ) have a serious impact on @entity1 outcomes in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). METHOD: A prospective cohort-targeted comprehensive surveillance study on NI associated with usage of devices was conducted in three ICUs in Malaysia using a developed NI surveillance form. @entity1 who developed @entity281 outside an ICU were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The device associated NI was 21.1%. The mean duration for development of NI was 10.0 +/- 7.44 days in ICU. The major device-associated @entity281 were @entity55 (18.7%) followed by @entity2259 (8.5%) and @entity293 (4.7%) respectively. NI incidence density rate was 20.6 per 1,000 @entity1 -days. @entity2259 , @entity293 ( @entity55 ) rates were 8.9, 4.7 and 20.5 per 1,000 @entity1 -days, respectively. Acinetobacter species, Klebseilla pneumoniae, @entity796 and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 were the predominant pathogens isolated from the @entity580 subjects during the study period in the three ICUs. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the rate of the @entity580 associated with usage of devices in the three ICUs showed that it is highly correlated with the use of mechanical ventilation devices, followed by intravascular devices and usage of indwelling urinary catheters.

title: Baseline assessment of intensive care-acquired XXXX surveillancein three adult intensive care units in Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NIs', 'Nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection (UTI) and nosocomial pneumonia', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the possible existence of the so-called <Roux-en-Y syndrome> in a group of 21 @entity1 who underwent surgery to correct postoperative @entity3621 . METHODS: the study group consisted of 15 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 (mean age 39.2 years). All had undergone Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy (20 for @entity1066 and 1 for @entity356 ). Alkaline diversion was done with the Roux-en-Y technique 50-60 cm away from the gastrojejunal @entity254 . In all @entity1 bilateral truncal vagotomy at the hiatus was also done. No mechanical alterations in the gastrojejunal @entity254 were found during surgery. Mean follow-up period was 8.2 years (range 6.5-10.7 years), during which clinical, radiological and endoscopic studies were obtained. Gammagraphic study of gastric remnant emptying was done on postoperative day 30. RESULTS: none of the @entity1 had clinical, radiological or endoscopic manifestations that indicated the presence of Roux-en-Y syndrome. Gammagraphic studies of gastric remnant emptying did not demonstrate significant differences between preoperative (T1/2: 7.3 min) and postoperative values (T1/2: 10.1 min). CONCLUSIONS: we found no evidence of disturbances in gastric remnant emptying after Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy to treat postoperative alkaline @entity356 .

title: Roux-en-Y syndrome after surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['alkaline reflux gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric reflux']

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['alkaline reflux gastritis']


abstract: Several studies support the hypothesis that low-dose botulinum toxin treatment may be as beneficial as high-dose regimen. Therefore, we studied 115 @entity1 (aged 27-84; mean 58.0, SD = 12.9 years; 68% females, 32% males) suffering from cervical @entity3519 (n = 66), @entity9663 (n = 28), and facial hemispasm (n = 21) over a period of 2 years in an open label, non-controlled pilot study. @entity1 received low-dose treatment with botulinum toxin type A (Dysport((R))). The toxin was diluted in 20 ml of 0.1% albumin solution to arrive at a concentration of 25 MU/ml and injected under EMG control. @entity1 responded to the treatment about 1 week after injection (mean 7.3 days, SD = 4.6). The mean duration of beneficial effects was 11.7 weeks (SD = 5.6). @entity1 evaluated the clinical global improvement on a scale ranging from 0 to 4. For the whole population, the mean was 2.7 points (SD = 1.1). In none of the subjects could antibodies to botulinum toxin type A be detected, and only a few side effects were observed. In conclusion, low-dose therapy with botulinum toxin A merits further controlled studies.

title: Low-dose treatment of cervical @entity3519 , XXXX and facial hemispasm with albumin-diluted botulinum toxin type A under EMG guidance. An open label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: Several studies support the hypothesis that low-dose botulinum toxin treatment may be as beneficial as high-dose regimen. Therefore, we studied 115 @entity1 (aged 27-84; mean 58.0, SD = 12.9 years; 68% females, 32% males) suffering from cervical @entity3519 (n = 66), @entity9663 (n = 28), and facial hemispasm (n = 21) over a period of 2 years in an open label, non-controlled pilot study. @entity1 received low-dose treatment with botulinum toxin type A (Dysport((R))). The toxin was diluted in 20 ml of 0.1% albumin solution to arrive at a concentration of 25 MU/ml and injected under EMG control. @entity1 responded to the treatment about 1 week after injection (mean 7.3 days, SD = 4.6). The mean duration of beneficial effects was 11.7 weeks (SD = 5.6). @entity1 evaluated the clinical global improvement on a scale ranging from 0 to 4. For the whole population, the mean was 2.7 points (SD = 1.1). In none of the subjects could antibodies to botulinum toxin type A be detected, and only a few side effects were observed. In conclusion, low-dose therapy with botulinum toxin A merits further controlled studies.

title: Low-dose treatment of cervical XXXX , @entity9663 and facial hemispasm with albumin-diluted botulinum toxin type A under EMG guidance. An open label study.

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: The diverse @entity1503 of primary Sj  gren syndrome (pSS) have not been systematically investigated, and their prognostic relevance remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective study of 536 consecutive @entity1 followed in our institution to assess the prevalence of @entity1503 and their associations with various disease manifestations in pSS. We also aimed to identify risk factors for the development of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) overall and by subtype. @entity417 of @entity102 and @entity4754 were the most prevalent @entity1503 encountered at diagnosis and during the course of pSS. Univariate analysis between @entity1503 and glandular manifestations revealed a statistically significant correlation between @entity2905 and @entity1283 (p = 0.002), as well as between @entity1398 and @entity2133 (p = 0.019). @entity417 , @entity2905 , @entity882 , @entity4754 , the presence of monoclonal serum proteins, and @entity14033 correlated significantly with the presence of extraglandular symptoms such as palpable @entity4125 , @entity3329 , and @entity381 . @entity706 was diagnosed in 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4%-10%) of @entity1 . Marginal zone @entity1892 (MZBCLs) were the predominant histologic type (65%; 95% CI, 48.3%-79.4%), while diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBCLs) accounted for 17.5% (95% CI, 7.3%-32.8%) of all cases. The development of @entity1893 in @entity1 with pSS could be predicted by the presence of simple clinical and laboratory factors at diagnosis: @entity1398 (p = 0.041), @entity14033 (p = 0.008), @entity381 (p = 0.006), @entity3329 (p = 0.021), and low C4 levels (p = 0.009). @entity1 carrying any of these factors had a more than 5-fold increased risk of @entity1893 compared to @entity1 with no risk factors at all. The above set of disease characteristics could predict subsequent development of MZBCL; the presence of @entity2905 (p = 0.044) at diagnosis served as a risk factor for the development of a non-MZBCL, most commonly DLBCL. @entity417 of @entity102 and @entity4754 are common @entity1503 at diagnosis and during the course of pSS. @entity1398 and @entity14033 at diagnosis are significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity706 development.

title: Hematologic manifestations and predictors of XXXX development in primary Sj  gren syndrome: clinical and pathophysiologic aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias', 'hematologic manifestations', 'hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'NHL']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of a population-based cohort presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity662 and classified with a clinical risk stratification algorithm are not well documented. The Olmsted County Chest @entity158 Study is a community-based study that included all consecutive @entity1 presenting with @entity662 consistent with @entity1459 presenting to all EDs in Olmsted County, Minnesota. @entity1 were classified according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) criteria. @entity1 with @entity10260 elevation @entity583 and @entity662 of noncardiac origin were excluded. Main outcome measures were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days and at a median follow-up of 7.3 years, and mortality through a median of 16.6 years.The 2271 @entity1 were classified as follows: 436 (19.2%) as high risk, 1557 (68.6%) as intermediate risk, and 278 (12.2%) as low risk. Thirty-day MACCE occurred in 11.5% in the high-risk group, 6.2% in the intermediate-risk group, and 2.5% in the low-risk group (p < 0.001). At 7.3 years, significantly more MACCE were recorded in the intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.33-2.75) and high-risk groups (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.67-3.58). Intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 demonstrated a 1.38-fold (95% CI, 0.95-2.01; p = 0.09) and a 1.68-fold (95% CI, 1.13-2.50; p = 0.011) higher mortality, respectively, compared to low-risk @entity1 at 16.6 years. At 7.3 and at 16.6 years of follow-up, biomarkers were not incrementally predictive of @entity65 .In conclusion, a widely applicable rapid clinical algorithm using AHCPR criteria can reliably predict long-term mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. This algorithm, when applied in the @entity341 , affords an excellent opportunity to identify @entity1 who might benefit from a more aggressive @entity65 factor management strategy.

title: Clinical risk stratification in the XXXX predicts long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a population-based cohort presenting with acute @entity662 : primary results of the Olmsted county @entity662 study.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of a population-based cohort presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity662 and classified with a clinical risk stratification algorithm are not well documented. The Olmsted County Chest @entity158 Study is a community-based study that included all consecutive @entity1 presenting with @entity662 consistent with @entity1459 presenting to all EDs in Olmsted County, Minnesota. @entity1 were classified according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) criteria. @entity1 with @entity10260 elevation @entity583 and @entity662 of noncardiac origin were excluded. Main outcome measures were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days and at a median follow-up of 7.3 years, and mortality through a median of 16.6 years.The 2271 @entity1 were classified as follows: 436 (19.2%) as high risk, 1557 (68.6%) as intermediate risk, and 278 (12.2%) as low risk. Thirty-day MACCE occurred in 11.5% in the high-risk group, 6.2% in the intermediate-risk group, and 2.5% in the low-risk group (p < 0.001). At 7.3 years, significantly more MACCE were recorded in the intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.33-2.75) and high-risk groups (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.67-3.58). Intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 demonstrated a 1.38-fold (95% CI, 0.95-2.01; p = 0.09) and a 1.68-fold (95% CI, 1.13-2.50; p = 0.011) higher mortality, respectively, compared to low-risk @entity1 at 16.6 years. At 7.3 and at 16.6 years of follow-up, biomarkers were not incrementally predictive of @entity65 .In conclusion, a widely applicable rapid clinical algorithm using AHCPR criteria can reliably predict long-term mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. This algorithm, when applied in the @entity341 , affords an excellent opportunity to identify @entity1 who might benefit from a more aggressive @entity65 factor management strategy.

title: Clinical risk stratification in the @entity341 predicts long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a population-based cohort presenting with acute XXXX : primary results of the Olmsted county @entity662 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of a population-based cohort presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity662 and classified with a clinical risk stratification algorithm are not well documented. The Olmsted County Chest @entity158 Study is a community-based study that included all consecutive @entity1 presenting with @entity662 consistent with @entity1459 presenting to all EDs in Olmsted County, Minnesota. @entity1 were classified according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) criteria. @entity1 with @entity10260 elevation @entity583 and @entity662 of noncardiac origin were excluded. Main outcome measures were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days and at a median follow-up of 7.3 years, and mortality through a median of 16.6 years.The 2271 @entity1 were classified as follows: 436 (19.2%) as high risk, 1557 (68.6%) as intermediate risk, and 278 (12.2%) as low risk. Thirty-day MACCE occurred in 11.5% in the high-risk group, 6.2% in the intermediate-risk group, and 2.5% in the low-risk group (p < 0.001). At 7.3 years, significantly more MACCE were recorded in the intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.33-2.75) and high-risk groups (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.67-3.58). Intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 demonstrated a 1.38-fold (95% CI, 0.95-2.01; p = 0.09) and a 1.68-fold (95% CI, 1.13-2.50; p = 0.011) higher mortality, respectively, compared to low-risk @entity1 at 16.6 years. At 7.3 and at 16.6 years of follow-up, biomarkers were not incrementally predictive of @entity65 .In conclusion, a widely applicable rapid clinical algorithm using AHCPR criteria can reliably predict long-term mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. This algorithm, when applied in the @entity341 , affords an excellent opportunity to identify @entity1 who might benefit from a more aggressive @entity65 factor management strategy.

title: Clinical risk stratification in the @entity341 predicts long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a population-based cohort presenting with acute @entity662 : primary results of the Olmsted county XXXX study.

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: Morphological and functional features of large ovarian follicles from three breeds of @entity742 , with different ovulation rates (Finnish Landrace N = 12, Finnish Landrace X Scottish Blackface N = 16, Merino X Scottish Blackface N = 16) were compared by integrating three techniques; ink labelling, in-vitro @entity53 production and morphological classification. The follicles were removed at two stages of the follicular phase, 1 (PG + 1) or 2 (PG + 2) days after PGF-2 alpha treatment and compared after monitoring their rates of growth with the use of ink labelling. After ovariectomy all follicles greater than or equal to 1 mm in diameter were dissected, and the 8 largest were incubated individually for 2 h to assess their ability to secrete @entity53 and @entity251 . After incubation the follicles were processed for histological examination and checked for @entity1146 . An analysis of the follicle population was based on in-vitro @entity53 secretion rates in all three breeds; an @entity2931 -active population producing 500-8100 pg @entity53 /ml/h and an @entity2931 -inactive population producing 0-499 pg @entity53 /ml/h. A comparison of the 3 approaches demonstrated agreement on 94.3 +/- 1.2% of occasions. Ink-labelling demonstrated that all follicles identified as @entity2931 -active were increasing in size. Within @entity2931 -active follicles significant correlations were detected between @entity53 production and @entity251 production (r = 0.42), @entity53 production and granulosa cell number (r = 0.45) and between @entity53 production and mitotic index (r = -0.38). A regression model fitting breed, stage of @entity1146 , granulosa cell number, in-vitro @entity251 production and mitotic index demonstrated that granulosa cell number is a characteristic which contributes significantly to the variation of in-vitro @entity53 production in @entity2931 -active and @entity2931 -inactive follicles. There was no significant difference between breeds in the mean number of ink-labelled follicles growing from Day PG - 1 to Day PG + 1. There was a significant difference between the breeds in the number of ink-labelled follicles growing between Days PG + 1 and PG + 2 (Days 1 and 2 of the follicular phase), the number being similar to the ovulation rate for the breed. The majority of the @entity2931 -active follicles had been recruited by Day PG - 1, although in the Finnish Landrace genotypes more than 30% were recruited on or after Day PG + 1 compared to less than 10% in Merino x Scottish Blackface ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Morphological and functional characterization of large antral follicles in three breeds of XXXX with different ovulation rates.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: A 34 year-old female was admitted because of @entity417 and @entity1431 . Her bone marrow contained abundant blastic cells, which were histochemically positive for peroxidase and @entity36434 esterase, but negative for ASD @entity2863 esterase. She was diagnosed as @entity9020 ( @entity1334 , M5a). Complete remission was achieved after the administration of BHAC, @entity5699 , @entity7275 and @entity617 , and she was discharged after consolidation therapies. But shortly later, she noticed @entity7374 and erythematous nodules on her breast and abdomen. Though the examinations of peripheral blood and bone marrow did not show any abnormality, @entity7374 rapidly worsened and she complained of @entity1353 . X-ray and CT scan demonstrated narrowing of the @entity825 under the cricoid cartilage, and trans-tracheal biopsy revealed @entity1778 . In addition, erythematous @entity272 showed the infiltration of leukemic cells by biopsy. Although radiation and chemotherapy was initiated, she died of @entity55 . We tried to discuss the laryngo-tracheal and skin involvement of @entity9020 as early symptoms of relapse.

title: [Relapse of XXXX present with skin and tracheal involvement].

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['acute monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity36434 :: ('MESH:C029204', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-naphthyl butyrate']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2863 :: ('MESH:C006972', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic involvement']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity9020 :: (MESH:D007948,Disease) :: ['acute monocytic leukemia']


abstract: We retrospectively analyzed 26 ears of 21 subjects having auditory ossicular @entity600 and who had undergone auditory reconstruction between April 2004 and December 2010 at our clinic. We checked preoperative condition, pathological classification, surgical procedure, and hearing improvement. We could predict pathological conditions precisely from preoperative computed tomography (CT), including incudostapedial disconnection (9/12, 75%) and malleus and/or incus fixation (7/12, 58%), which tended to be present in @entity2169 , and stapes footplate fixation (0/12, 0%). We could not, however, predict complex @entity600 (0/8, 0%). Overall success was 90% (18/20) in the 20 ears observed for at least 1 year. In the 2 ears without improved hearing, the first had @entity7854 and no stapes superstructure, was treated with type IV tympanoplasty. The second had malleus, incus, and stapes fixation and discontinuity between the incus and stapes, and was treated with @entity164 and stapes mobilization. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult in mixed @entity2167 , especially stapes footplate fixation, possibly requiring unexpected procedures, with a poor hearing outcome. Preoperative status must thus be evaluated precisely using hearing, tympanometry, acoustic reflex test, and CT. Temporal bone CT and external ear findings are useful in diagnosing @entity2172 . Subjects' informed consent should also be obtained due to the possible need for changing procedure based on findings during surgery.

title: [Preoperative diagnosis and surgical strategy in XXXX of 26 ears].

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle-ear malformation']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['congenital auditory ossicular malformation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type III tympanoplasty']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['external ear malformation']

entities_list: @entity7854 :: ('MESH:C562858', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['congenital auditory ossicular malformation']


abstract: 1. Pericytes, which are contractile cells located on the outer wall of microvessels, are thought to be particularly important in the retina where the ratio of these cells to vascular endothelial cells is the highest of any tissue. Retinal pericytes are of interest since they may regulate capillary blood flow and because their selective loss is an early event in @entity6 , which is a common sight-threatening disorder associated with dysfunction of the blood- @entity5995 barrier. 2. Although a breakdown in the vascular endothelial barrier is a frequent pathophysiological event, knowledge of the effects of blood-derived molecules on pericyte function is limited. Based on the premise that ion channels play a vital role in cellular function, we examined the effect of serum on the ionic currents of retinal pericytes. To do this, we used the perforated-patch configuration of the patch-clamp technique to monitor the whole-cell currents of pericytes located on freshly isolated @entity35 retinal microvessels. 3. Exposure to serum reversibly activated inward and outward currents in virtually all of the sampled retinal pericytes. Two types of sustained conductances were induced by serum. These were a @entity460 -permeable non-specific cation (NSC) current and a voltage-dependent @entity972 current. In addition, exposure to serum increased the activity of @entity2865 channels which caused transient depolarizing currents. 4. Associated with the activation of these conductances, the membrane potential showed a sustained decrease of 10 +/- 2 mV from -56 mV to -46 mV and, also, transient depolarizations to near -30 mV. The serum-induced depolarizations can activate the voltage-gated @entity460 channels expressed by the retinal pericytes. 5. @entity460 -permeable NSC channels appear to play a critical role in the response of pericytes to serum-derived molecules. Consistent with this, activation of the @entity2865 and @entity972 channels was sensitive to SK_F 96365, which is a blocker of NSC channels. In addition, @entity2865 and @entity972 channel activation was dependent on extracellular @entity460 . 6. The effects of serum on the activity of channels in retinal pericytes were qualitatively mimicked by @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ), which is a normal constituent of the blood. 7. There are significant differences in the effects of serum on retinal pericytes compared with vascular smooth muscle cells. Serum activated sustained conductances in retinal pericytes but not in the vascular smooth muscle cells. This suggests a fundamental difference in the mechanisms by which serum-derived molecules affect these two types of cells. 8. We conclude that serum-derived molecules, such as @entity2135 , can activate several types of ion channels in retinal pericytes. These changes in channel activity are likely to influence pericyte function at sites of a breakdown in the blood-retinal barrier.

title: Physiology of XXXX retinal pericytes: modulation of ion channel activity by serum-derived molecules.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity358 developed general @entity4 and exertional @entity1353 . An electrocardiogram showed first-degree @entity713 with complete @entity714 . Chest X-ray showed @entity1283 . Echocardiography showed diffuse and severe hypokinesis of the left ventricle (LV) and @entity1283 with severe @entity997 . @entity296 disclosed a perfusion defect at the ventricular septum and hypoperfusion at the posterior wall and the apex. On cardiac catheterization, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right ventricular, and right atrial pressures were elevated. Coronary angiograms were normal. Myocardial biopsy of the right ventricle histologically revealed epithelioid cell @entity738 with infiltration of fibrous cells. The @entity1 's symptom and LV function were improved with conventional medical therapy for @entity712 . This is a rare case of @entity299 resulting in @entity177 .

title: XXXX culminating in severe @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly', 'biventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac sarcoidosis']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity358 developed general @entity4 and exertional @entity1353 . An electrocardiogram showed first-degree @entity713 with complete @entity714 . Chest X-ray showed @entity1283 . Echocardiography showed diffuse and severe hypokinesis of the left ventricle (LV) and @entity1283 with severe @entity997 . @entity296 disclosed a perfusion defect at the ventricular septum and hypoperfusion at the posterior wall and the apex. On cardiac catheterization, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right ventricular, and right atrial pressures were elevated. Coronary angiograms were normal. Myocardial biopsy of the right ventricle histologically revealed epithelioid cell @entity738 with infiltration of fibrous cells. The @entity1 's symptom and LV function were improved with conventional medical therapy for @entity712 . This is a rare case of @entity299 resulting in @entity177 .

title: @entity299 culminating in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['biventricular failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity39 ( @entity39 ) is not a @entity5 in itself, the lesion progressively enlarges with mass effects and diffuse @entity4 in a way that resembles @entity5 . To identify the @entity39 that mimics progression of brain @entity3 , we performed surgical resections of symptomatic @entity66 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2003 to December 2005, 7 @entity1 received stereotactic-guided radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic @entity1313 , and they later underwent craniotomy and @entity5 resection due to the progressive mass effects and the @entity4 that caused focal @entity51 . On MR imaging, a ring-like enhanced single lesion with massive @entity4 could not be distinguished from progression of brain @entity3 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 had @entity1149 , 2 @entity1 had @entity14 and 1 @entity1 had @entity1358 . The mean @entity5 volume was 8.7 ml (range: 3.0 approximately 20.7 ml). The prescribed dose of SRT was 30 Gy with 4 fractions for one @entity1 , 18 Gy for two @entity1 and 20 Gy for the other four @entity1 . The four @entity1 who received SRT with a dose of 20 Gy had @entity39 with or without microscopic @entity41 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of recurrent disease after radiotherapy and identifying radiation-induced @entity3145 are important for delivering adequate treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic tools that can distinguish @entity39 from progression of metastatic @entity1313 need to be developed.

title: Radiation-induced @entity39 deteriorating neurological symptoms and mimicking progression of brain XXXX after stereotactic-guided radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['RIN lesions']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['RIN', 'radiation-induced necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral edema']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity39 ( @entity39 ) is not a @entity5 in itself, the lesion progressively enlarges with mass effects and diffuse @entity4 in a way that resembles @entity5 . To identify the @entity39 that mimics progression of brain @entity3 , we performed surgical resections of symptomatic @entity66 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2003 to December 2005, 7 @entity1 received stereotactic-guided radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic @entity1313 , and they later underwent craniotomy and @entity5 resection due to the progressive mass effects and the @entity4 that caused focal @entity51 . On MR imaging, a ring-like enhanced single lesion with massive @entity4 could not be distinguished from progression of brain @entity3 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 had @entity1149 , 2 @entity1 had @entity14 and 1 @entity1 had @entity1358 . The mean @entity5 volume was 8.7 ml (range: 3.0 approximately 20.7 ml). The prescribed dose of SRT was 30 Gy with 4 fractions for one @entity1 , 18 Gy for two @entity1 and 20 Gy for the other four @entity1 . The four @entity1 who received SRT with a dose of 20 Gy had @entity39 with or without microscopic @entity41 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of recurrent disease after radiotherapy and identifying radiation-induced @entity3145 are important for delivering adequate treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic tools that can distinguish @entity39 from progression of metastatic @entity1313 need to be developed.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX deteriorating neurological symptoms and mimicking progression of brain @entity3 after stereotactic-guided radiotherapy.

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the results of external beam radiotherapy treatment for incompletely resected nonmetastatic rectosigmoid and @entity189 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review was carried out of all @entity1 (57) presenting to Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute from 1981 to 1990 with incompletely resected nonmetastatic rectosigmoid or @entity5 who were treated with external beam radiotherapy. Three radiotherapy schedules were used: radical (50 to 60 Gy, 27 @entity1 ), high-dose palliative (45 Gy, 25 @entity1 ), and low-dose palliative (less than 45 Gy, 5 @entity1 ). Symptomatic response, overall survival, and the effect of prognostic factors on treatment outcome were evaluated. The median follow-up period for survivors was 49 months. RESULTS: Symptomatic response rates were 83% and 79% for the radical and high-dose palliative groups respectively. The estimated median survival time from presentation for all @entity1 was 16.4 months (radical 26.1 months, high-dose palliative 15.7 months). @entity1 with microscopic @entity66 survived significantly longer than @entity1 with macroscopic @entity66 (estimated median survival time 30.7 months vs. 14.3 months, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: No dose response effect was seen between the radical group and high-dose palliative group. Microscopic @entity66 at presentation was the only significant predictor of better survival. The conventionally fractionated course of 50 to 60 Gy was not significantly better in terms of palliation and overall survival than a shorter palliative course of 45 Gy. In future, preoperative chemoradiation should improve outcome by reducing the number of @entity1 with incompletely resected @entity5 .

title: Results of external beam radiotherapy alone for incompletely resected XXXX of rectosigmoid or rectum: Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute experience 1981-1990.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Understanding enzyme responses to contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a key step in the elucidation of POP metabolic mechanisms in plants. However, there is little information available on enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of POP-contaminated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the activities of @entity3978 oxidase (PPO) in cell fractions of plants under contamination stress from @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) using a greenhouse batch technique. Three parameters, E(cell), E(cell-n), and P(cell), denoting the amount of PPO activity, cell fraction content-normalized PPO activity, and proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction, respectively, were used in this study. Contamination with @entity11966 , as a representative PAH, at a relatively high level (>0.23 mg L     ) in culture solution generally stimulated PPO activity in @entity18959 ( @entity18959 .) roots and shoots and their cellular fractions. The amount and distribution proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction of @entity11966 -contaminated roots and shoots were (in descending order): cell solution > > cell wall > cell organelles. Cell solution was the dominant storage domain of PPO activity and contributed 84.0 and 82.8% of PPO activity in roots and shoots, respectively. The cell wall had the highest density of PPO activity in roots and shoots, based on the highest cell fraction content normalized PPO activity in this cell fraction. Our results provide new information on enzyme responses in plant intracellular fractions to xenobiotic POPs and fundamental information on within-plant POP metabolic mechanisms.

title: XXXX oxidase activity in subcellular fractions of @entity18959 contaminated by @entity2555 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity18959 :: ('4606', 'Species') :: ['Festuca arundinacea Schreb', 'tall fescue']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['Polyphenol']


abstract: Understanding enzyme responses to contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a key step in the elucidation of POP metabolic mechanisms in plants. However, there is little information available on enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of POP-contaminated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the activities of @entity3978 oxidase (PPO) in cell fractions of plants under contamination stress from @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) using a greenhouse batch technique. Three parameters, E(cell), E(cell-n), and P(cell), denoting the amount of PPO activity, cell fraction content-normalized PPO activity, and proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction, respectively, were used in this study. Contamination with @entity11966 , as a representative PAH, at a relatively high level (>0.23 mg L     ) in culture solution generally stimulated PPO activity in @entity18959 ( @entity18959 .) roots and shoots and their cellular fractions. The amount and distribution proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction of @entity11966 -contaminated roots and shoots were (in descending order): cell solution > > cell wall > cell organelles. Cell solution was the dominant storage domain of PPO activity and contributed 84.0 and 82.8% of PPO activity in roots and shoots, respectively. The cell wall had the highest density of PPO activity in roots and shoots, based on the highest cell fraction content normalized PPO activity in this cell fraction. Our results provide new information on enzyme responses in plant intracellular fractions to xenobiotic POPs and fundamental information on within-plant POP metabolic mechanisms.

title: @entity3978 oxidase activity in subcellular fractions of @entity18959 contaminated by XXXX .

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Understanding enzyme responses to contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a key step in the elucidation of POP metabolic mechanisms in plants. However, there is little information available on enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of POP-contaminated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the activities of @entity3978 oxidase (PPO) in cell fractions of plants under contamination stress from @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) using a greenhouse batch technique. Three parameters, E(cell), E(cell-n), and P(cell), denoting the amount of PPO activity, cell fraction content-normalized PPO activity, and proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction, respectively, were used in this study. Contamination with @entity11966 , as a representative PAH, at a relatively high level (>0.23 mg L     ) in culture solution generally stimulated PPO activity in @entity18959 ( @entity18959 .) roots and shoots and their cellular fractions. The amount and distribution proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction of @entity11966 -contaminated roots and shoots were (in descending order): cell solution > > cell wall > cell organelles. Cell solution was the dominant storage domain of PPO activity and contributed 84.0 and 82.8% of PPO activity in roots and shoots, respectively. The cell wall had the highest density of PPO activity in roots and shoots, based on the highest cell fraction content normalized PPO activity in this cell fraction. Our results provide new information on enzyme responses in plant intracellular fractions to xenobiotic POPs and fundamental information on within-plant POP metabolic mechanisms.

title: @entity3978 oxidase activity in subcellular fractions of XXXX contaminated by @entity2555 .

answer: @entity18959 :: (4606,Species) :: ['tall fescue']


abstract: A snake venom-derived alpha-neurotoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBgtx), is the classic competitive antagonist of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). The very high specificity and essentially irreversible binding of alphaBgtx to various nAChRs make alphaBgtx the prime candidate for studying the molecular determinants of specificity for nAChR-ligand interactions. To facilitate site-directed mutagenesis of alphaBgtx for functional analysis, we have developed a recombinant expression system for alphaBgtx using the methylotropic @entity375 @entity10056 . A synthetic gene coding for alphaBgtx was subcloned into an expression vector that directs secretion of the recombinant alphaBgtx (rBgtx) when stably integrated into the @entity375 genome. Expression of rBgtx was induced by growth of @entity375 cultures with @entity1042 as the sole @entity505 source. The activity of the rBgtx in the cell-free medium was measured by competition with 1251-Bgtx for binding to Torpedo nAChR-enriched membranes. The rBgtx, purified to homogeneity by standard HPLC, has the correct predicted @entity1472 terminal sequence and molecular mass. Its circular dichroism spectrum is very similar to that of authentic venom-derived alphaBgtx, and the biological activity of the rBgtx is identical to that of authentic alphaBgtx. We have used the Pichia expression system to study a double point mutation of alphaBgtx, rBgtx- @entity72752 / @entity72753 , that has a high affinity for alpha3beta2 neuronal nAChRs. This is the first demonstration of engineering an alpha-neurotoxin to recognize non-alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors.

title: Recombinant expression of alpha-bungarotoxin in @entity10056 facilitates identification of mutant toxins engineered to recognize neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity72752 :: ('p|SUB|K|38|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K38P']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity72753 :: ('p|SUB|L|42|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L42Q']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: A snake venom-derived alpha-neurotoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBgtx), is the classic competitive antagonist of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). The very high specificity and essentially irreversible binding of alphaBgtx to various nAChRs make alphaBgtx the prime candidate for studying the molecular determinants of specificity for nAChR-ligand interactions. To facilitate site-directed mutagenesis of alphaBgtx for functional analysis, we have developed a recombinant expression system for alphaBgtx using the methylotropic @entity375 @entity10056 . A synthetic gene coding for alphaBgtx was subcloned into an expression vector that directs secretion of the recombinant alphaBgtx (rBgtx) when stably integrated into the @entity375 genome. Expression of rBgtx was induced by growth of @entity375 cultures with @entity1042 as the sole @entity505 source. The activity of the rBgtx in the cell-free medium was measured by competition with 1251-Bgtx for binding to Torpedo nAChR-enriched membranes. The rBgtx, purified to homogeneity by standard HPLC, has the correct predicted @entity1472 terminal sequence and molecular mass. Its circular dichroism spectrum is very similar to that of authentic venom-derived alphaBgtx, and the biological activity of the rBgtx is identical to that of authentic alphaBgtx. We have used the Pichia expression system to study a double point mutation of alphaBgtx, rBgtx- @entity72752 / @entity72753 , that has a high affinity for alpha3beta2 neuronal nAChRs. This is the first demonstration of engineering an alpha-neurotoxin to recognize non-alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors.

title: Recombinant expression of alpha-bungarotoxin in XXXX facilitates identification of mutant toxins engineered to recognize neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors.

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: This paper reviews the influence of several perturbations (physical exercise, heat stress, terrestrial altitude, microgravity, and @entity130 /sickness) on adaptations of blood volume (BV), @entity1308 ( @entity1308 ), and @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ). Exercise training can induce BV expansion: @entity8450 expansion usually occurs immediately, but @entity1308 expansion takes weeks. @entity1308 and @entity8450 expansion contribute to aerobic power improvements associated with exercise training. Repeated heat exposure induces @entity8450 expansion but does not alter @entity1308 . @entity8450 expansion does not improve thermoregulation, but @entity1308 expansion improves thermoregulation during exercise in the heat. @entity2700 (and increases plasma tonicity) which elevates heat strain and reduces exercise performance. High altitude exposure causes rapid (hours) plasma loss. During initial weeks at altitude, @entity1308 is unaffected, but a gradual expansion occurs with extended acclimatization. BV adjustments contribute, but are not key, to altitude acclimatization. Microgravity decreases @entity8450 and @entity1308 which contribute to orthostatic intolerance and decreased exercise capacity in astronauts. @entity8450 decreases may result from lower set points for total body water and central venous pressure, while @entity1308 decreases may result from increased erythrocyte destruction. @entity130 , @entity8 , and @entity102 cause @entity417 from @entity548 and immune activation which suppresses erythropoiesis. The re-establishment of @entity1308 is associated with healing, improved life quality, and exercise capabilities for these injured/sick @entity1 .

title: Blood volume: importance and adaptations to exercise training, environmental stresses, and XXXX /sickness.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['Dehydration decreases PV']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma volume', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity1308 :: ('MESH:D012010', 'Disease') :: ['erythrocyte volume', 'EV']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hair removal by lasers has recently become a popular method to remove unwanted hair. However, histologic changes in @entity1 skin before and after exposure to lasers have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences that occur immediately after laser exposure and 1 month after laser exposure. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight adult Japanese volunteers were recruited for this study. They were treated with a long pulsed ruby laser at 20 J/cm(2). A single 3-mm punch biopsy of the laser-treated sites was obtained immediately after laser irradiation and at the 1-month follow-up visit, and they were analyzed using @entity1710 and @entity1711 , PAM, and immunohistological staining. RESULTS: Immediately after laser exposure, hair follicles were very damaged and had extensive @entity528 . One month after laser therapy, one type of hair follicle showed cystlike formations with negative proliferating cell nuclear antigen reactions ( @entity1364 ). Another type of hair follicle showed follicular mitotic figures with cytoplasmic halos. Early anagen hair follicles were apparently not treated effectively by ruby laser. CONCLUSION: Ruby laser leads to extensive follicular damage, and hair follicles considered to be at early anagen phase were not effectively treated. This may be the reason several courses of laser therapy are required to obtain satisfactory results.

title: Histologic effects of ruby laser hair removal in Japanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of @entity1 with out-of-hospital @entity1167 with @entity2224 as the presenting rhythm in an emergency medical services system utilizing a combined police/paramedic response to provide @entity8658 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Police and paramedics were dispatched from law enforcement and ambulance communications centers, respectively. First-arriving personnel delivered initial shocks, all using automated external defibrillators. @entity1 were classified according to response to initial shocks: restoration of pulses with shocks only or in need of advanced life support, including @entity1425 . Discharge survival was defined as return to home without disabling @entity16 . RESULTS: Over the 7-year period of study 131 @entity1 presented with @entity2224 : 58 were first treated by police and 73 by paramedics. Restoration of pulses with shocks only and discharge survival were not different in police and paramedic groups, with overall survival of 40% (53 of 131 @entity1 ). Among the survivors, 19% (18/95 @entity1 ) obtained a spontaneous circulation only after administration of @entity1425 and other @entity2655 interventions. CONCLUSION: Both restoration of a functional circulation, without need for advanced life support interventions, and discharge survival without @entity16 are very dependent upon the rapidity with which defibrillation is accomplished, regardless of who delivers the shocks. In addition, a smaller but significant number of @entity1 who require @entity2655 interventions, including @entity1425 , for restoration of a spontaneous circulation survive to discharge. Short time differences, on the order of 1 min, are significant determinants of both immediate response to shocks and discharge survival.

title: Seven years' experience with XXXX by police and paramedics in an emergency medical services system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disability', 'neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity8658 :: (MESH:C580055,Disease) :: ['early defibrillation']


abstract: Operative therapy of @entity7334 of the calcaneus is an established surgical standard. The aim is an accurate reduction of the @entity174 with reconstruction of Boehler's angle, length, @entity2270 and subtalar joint surface. Intraoperative 3D-fluoroscopy with the Siremobil Iso-C 3D(R) mobile C-arm system is a valuable assistant for accurate reconstruction of these anatomical structures. Remaining incongruities can be recognized and corrected intraoperatively. The achieved reduction can be fixed by the advantages of an internal fixator (locked-screw plate interface). In the period of October 2002 until April 2007 we operated 136 @entity1 with @entity7334 of the calcaneus by means of anatomical reduction, and internal plate fixator under intraoperative control of 3D-fluoroscopy. All @entity1 were supplied with an orthesis after the operation which allowed weight bearing of 10 kg for 12 weeks for the @entity1 operated between October 2002 and October 2004 (Group A). Transient @entity170 was observed in all X-Rays at follow-up after an average of 8,6 months. Therefore we changed our postoperative treatment plan for the @entity1 operated between November 2004 and April 2007 (Group B). Weight bearing started with 20 KG after 6 weeks, was increased to 40 KG after 8 weeks and full weight bearing was allowed after 10 weeks for these @entity1 . In no case a secondary dislocation of the @entity174 was seen. No bone graft was used. At follow up the average American Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) were 81 for Group_A, compared to 84 for Group B, treated with earlier weight bearing. Autologous bone graft was not necessary even if weight bearing was started after a period of six weeks postoperatively. The combination of 3D-fluoroscopy with locked internal fixation showed promising results. If the rate of @entity1 developing @entity4040 will decrease by this management will have to be shown in long term follow up.

title: Early Weight Bearing of Calcaneal XXXX Treated by Intraoperative 3D-Fluoroscopy and Locked-Screw Plate Fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['local osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intraarticular fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Quantitatively define and compare the nanoscale topography of the corneal epithelial basement membrane (anterior basement membrane) and Descemet's membrane (posterior basement membrane) of the @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 corneas not suitable for transplantation were obtained from the Wisconsin Eye Bank. The corneas were placed in 2.5 mM @entity1098 for 2.5 h or 30 min. for removal of the epithelium or endothelium, respectively. After removal of the overlying cells, specimens were fixed in 2% @entity3584 and either examined in this state by atomic force microscopy only or dehydrated through an @entity1068 series and prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS: The subepithelial and subendothelial basement membrane surfaces have a similar appearance that consists of an interwoven meshwork of fibers and pores. Topographic feature sizes were found to be in the nanometer size range with the epithelial basement membrane features larger and less densely packed than Descemet's membrane features. The topographic features are fractile in nature and increase surface area for cell contact. CONCLUSION: With the use of the TEM, @entity4653 , and AFM, a detailed description of the surface topography of corneal epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's membrane of the @entity1 @entity267 are provided. The significance of differences in corneal basement membrane topography may reflect differences in function of the overlying cells or may be related to differences in cell migration and turnover patterns between the epithelium and endothelium.

title: Nanoscale topography of the corneal epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's membrane of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In monochorionic twin pregnancy in which one twin is a nonviable fetus, selective feticide may be considered. We aimed to occlude the umbilical cord with a @entity162 for doing so. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter experience in 10 consecutive @entity1 either with @entity14244 and one fetus affected by a condition not compatible with normal extrauterine life or with acardiac twinning. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative problems, and the mean procedure time was 17.5 minutes. The flow was stopped in all 10 cases. Two cases were complicated by rupture of the fetal membranes within 2 days, and the pregnancies were terminated. The other 8 pregnancies resulted in the live birth of a healthy baby. The mean interval between procedure and birth was 15.1 weeks (range, 7-20 weeks). In one @entity1 emergency cesarean delivery for abruptio placentae was done at 26 weeks, 7 weeks after the procedure. The other 7 @entity1 were delivered beyond the 36th week of gestation. All 8 @entity1 are alive and well, with a mean follow-up of at least 1 year. CONCLUSION: @entity162 is a safe, effective, and simple procedure for @entity602 that is feasible through a single port and can be performed solely under ultrasonographic guidance.

title: XXXX of the umbilical cord in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar coagulation', 'bipolar forceps']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord coagulation']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar coagulation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the rate of prenatal diagnosis and surgical outcome of all cases of @entity1152 reported to the Northern Region @entity154 Survey. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was conducted on maternal and @entity1 case notes of all cases of @entity1152 in the Northern Region from 1985-1997, inclusive. RESULTS: A total of 176 cases of @entity1152 was reported, and 158 diagnoses were confirmed after birth. Six cases were excluded because of incomplete data. Among the 32 @entity1 in whom @entity1152 was suspected antenatally because of an absent stomach bubble and hydramnios, 14 (44%) had @entity1152 confirmed postnatally. In 10 of the 18 @entity1 with false-positive diagnoses the stomach was subsequently seen. @entity1152 should have been suspected prenatally in a further 38 @entity1 with @entity2978 , 3 of whom also had an absent stomach bubble. There were 12 pregnancy terminations, 1 spontaneous abortion, and 19 perinatal @entity204 (including 9 @entity2209 ). Among the @entity1 with @entity1152 , 63.2% had associated anomalies (including 5.3% with @entity2007 ), and 78.4% of these anomalies were missed prenatally. Among the live births 21.5% of the @entity1 had a birth weight below the 5th percentile. One hundred eight (90%) had @entity1152 with a @entity4501 , and overall 102 (85%) underwent a primary repair. Among the 120 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment 11 subsequently died, and 6 of these @entity204 were related to @entity260 . Thirty-nine @entity1 (32.5%) had postoperative @entity354 , necessitating fundoplication in 21 cases. At 2-year follow-up 23 of 89 @entity1 had @entity1282 , for which 7 still required a gastrostomy or jejunostomy. @entity1 in whom the condition was diagnosed prenatally were more likely to need prolonged mechanical ventilation, to have a longer hospital stay, and to have long-term gastrointestinal problems. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of @entity1152 are not suspected prenatally. Among fetuses with ultrasonographic features suggestive of @entity1152 , 50% have the disorder confirmed postnatally. Overall perinatal and @entity1 mortality rate among those with @entity1152 is high (21.6%), and a further 21% of affected @entity1 have significant morbidity after the age of 2 years.

title: XXXX in the Northern Region @entity154 Survey, 1985-1997: prenatal diagnosis and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['distal tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal atresia', 'esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['Esophageal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the rate of prenatal diagnosis and surgical outcome of all cases of @entity1152 reported to the Northern Region @entity154 Survey. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was conducted on maternal and @entity1 case notes of all cases of @entity1152 in the Northern Region from 1985-1997, inclusive. RESULTS: A total of 176 cases of @entity1152 was reported, and 158 diagnoses were confirmed after birth. Six cases were excluded because of incomplete data. Among the 32 @entity1 in whom @entity1152 was suspected antenatally because of an absent stomach bubble and hydramnios, 14 (44%) had @entity1152 confirmed postnatally. In 10 of the 18 @entity1 with false-positive diagnoses the stomach was subsequently seen. @entity1152 should have been suspected prenatally in a further 38 @entity1 with @entity2978 , 3 of whom also had an absent stomach bubble. There were 12 pregnancy terminations, 1 spontaneous abortion, and 19 perinatal @entity204 (including 9 @entity2209 ). Among the @entity1 with @entity1152 , 63.2% had associated anomalies (including 5.3% with @entity2007 ), and 78.4% of these anomalies were missed prenatally. Among the live births 21.5% of the @entity1 had a birth weight below the 5th percentile. One hundred eight (90%) had @entity1152 with a @entity4501 , and overall 102 (85%) underwent a primary repair. Among the 120 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment 11 subsequently died, and 6 of these @entity204 were related to @entity260 . Thirty-nine @entity1 (32.5%) had postoperative @entity354 , necessitating fundoplication in 21 cases. At 2-year follow-up 23 of 89 @entity1 had @entity1282 , for which 7 still required a gastrostomy or jejunostomy. @entity1 in whom the condition was diagnosed prenatally were more likely to need prolonged mechanical ventilation, to have a longer hospital stay, and to have long-term gastrointestinal problems. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of @entity1152 are not suspected prenatally. Among fetuses with ultrasonographic features suggestive of @entity1152 , 50% have the disorder confirmed postnatally. Overall perinatal and @entity1 mortality rate among those with @entity1152 is high (21.6%), and a further 21% of affected @entity1 have significant morbidity after the age of 2 years.

title: @entity1152 in the Northern Region XXXX Survey, 1985-1997: prenatal diagnosis and outcome.

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital Anomaly']


abstract: 1. The effects of the K+ channel opener @entity6335 and the @entity5140 -containing @entity141 and @entity3529 channel blocker @entity72754 were tested in @entity235 cardiac Purkinje tissue. 2. Both drugs shortened action potential duration (APD). For @entity72754 (0.1-1.0 mmol/L), the reductions in APD were statistically significant at the 25% level of repolarization (APD25) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6), at the 50% level of repolarization (APD50) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6) and at the 90% level of repolarization (APD90) for 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6). In contrast, @entity6335 (0.05-0.1 mmol/L) significantly shortened APD at all levels of repolarizations, with the APD50 and APD90 reduced most significantly (P < 0.01, n = 6) for higher concentrations of the drug (0.07-0.1 mmol/L). Both drugs significantly reduced the force of contraction. 3. @entity6335 (10 experiments) was more potent in suppressing @entity66783 -induced @entity943 than @entity72754 (three of seven experiments). @entity72754 reduced APD even further in the presence of @entity6335 . 4. Although @entity72754 and @entity6335 modulate different ion channels, it appears APD shortening may be a necessary, but insufficient, factor for the suppression of @entity66783 -induced @entity943 .

title: Role of action potential shortening in the prevention of XXXX in @entity235 cardiac tissue.

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazoxide', 'diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity72754 :: ('MESH:C005704', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylaldoxime', 'salicylaldoxime']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity66783 :: ('MESH:D013327', 'Chemical') :: ['strophanthidin']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']