abstract: Traumatic @entity2720 are rare in adult and occur readily during a violent traumatism of the chest and/or the dorsal spine. We report two cases treated between September 1997 and August 2002 at the Surgical Emergency Department of Le Dantec Hospital. The first observation was related to a 26 year old lady. On September 27, 1997, she fell down from a tree and received all the weight of the body on her two arms. She was referred because of anterior @entity662 , increasing with respiration associated with injuries of the 2 wrists. On conventional X-ray, a @entity2720 (anterior dislocation of the sternal body with respect to the manubrium) was diagnosed. The mechanism of the dislocation was indirect: flexion-compression of the sternum caused by a hyperflexion of the dorsal spine when the @entity1 touched the ground. There was also a Pouteaux-Colles @entity174 of the 2 wrists. The dislocation was surgically treated: open reduction followed by manubriosternal stabilization using wires. The 2 wrists were treated by Kapandji procedure. At the 21st postoperative day, a @entity397 of the wires required a 2nd internal fixation of the sternum by wires. After 9 years, the @entity1 is without complaint and the chest X-ray is normal. The second observation was that of a 19 year old young @entity1 , referred on August 15, 2002 after a frontal crash with a car while crossing the road. She fell down on her back. She was complaining from severe @entity10 with a normal Glasgow Scale (15), anterior chest and right hand @entity158 . Radiological examinations showed a @entity174 of the occipital bone without embarrure and a type I @entity2720 (posterior displacement of the sternal body in relation to the manubrium) which mechanism was direct: direct shock against the sternum. There were also an isolated @entity174 of 4 right sided ribs and a @entity174 without displacement of the 3 last bones of the right metacarpus. An orthopaedic treatment was carried out for the lesions of the right hand and an abstention-monitoring suggested for the @entity174 . The @entity2720 was surgically reduced and stabilized by using a braided polyester thread number 2. After 4 years, the @entity1 is asymptomatic and the manobriosternal joint is stable. We emphasize on the scarcity and the mechanism of traumatic @entity2720 in adult, the frequency of associated injuries and the absence of consensus about their treatment.

title: [Traumatic XXXX in adult: about two surgical cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pains']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['occipital fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['type II manubriosternal joint dislocation', 'manubriosternal joint dislocation', 'manubriosternal joint dislocations']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['posterior headaches']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['manubriosternal joint dislocation']


abstract: The cause of @entity195 is not known. The most influential known risk factor is increasing age. The risk factor of increasing age is consistent with exposure to environmental toxins throughout life as a cause of Alzheimer's. In addition, microbleeding, changes in membrane permeability and increased @entity165 are all factors important in Alzheimer's. Cottonseed contains toxins and is fed to animals, fish and poultry. Cottonseed toxins remain in the animals, fish and poultry and are present in the @entity1 diet at seemingly low levels. The average @entity1 is ingesting cottonseed toxins throughout life. Cottonseed toxins cause @entity548 , changes in membrane permeability and increased @entity165 . In addition, the cottonseed toxin @entity6319 is known to reach the brain and bind randomly to important cellular structures. @entity6319 also binds to microtubules and interferes with microtubule assembly, which may inhibit binding of tau to microtubules and lead to formation of @entity3072 . Cottonseed toxins are also known to accumulate in the body. In a preliminary study of female @entity35 fed low level cottonseed for their lifetimes, apparent @entity3072 and phosphorylated tau were found. The intake of cottonseed toxins throughout life should be evaluated further as a possible cause of Alzheimer's.

title: Dietary intake of cottonseed toxins is hypothesized to be a partial cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol', 'Gossypol']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disorder"]

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disorder']


abstract: The aim of this study is to clarify the detailed clinical features of benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 . The subject of the study was 33 @entity1 with benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 confirmed by a long-term follow-up beyond 8 years of age. The data were obtained from medical records of the @entity1 in combination with the data obtained from telephone interview. The median age at the first and last @entity410 was 5 and 8 months, respectively. In 26 @entity1 , @entity410 disappeared within 3 months after the onset. Family history of benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 was seen in 17 @entity1 . The median number of @entity410 was 7. A cluster of @entity410 was observed in 26 @entity1 . The type of @entity410 was complex partial @entity410 alone in 6 @entity1 , secondarily generalized @entity410 alone in 9, and both types in 18. @entity735 , and cyanosis were commonly observed. Initial interictal electroencephalograms were normal in all @entity1 . However, paroxysmal discharges were recognized in 2 @entity1 in the second EEG during the first year of life. The main features of benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 were a high incidence of a cluster of @entity410 , short persistence of @entity410 , and normal initial interictal EEGs.

title: The clinical characterizations of benign partial @entity302 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased responsiveness, lateral eye deviation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity950 :: (MESH:C537702,Disease) :: ['infancy']


abstract: The aim of this study is to clarify the detailed clinical features of benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 . The subject of the study was 33 @entity1 with benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 confirmed by a long-term follow-up beyond 8 years of age. The data were obtained from medical records of the @entity1 in combination with the data obtained from telephone interview. The median age at the first and last @entity410 was 5 and 8 months, respectively. In 26 @entity1 , @entity410 disappeared within 3 months after the onset. Family history of benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 was seen in 17 @entity1 . The median number of @entity410 was 7. A cluster of @entity410 was observed in 26 @entity1 . The type of @entity410 was complex partial @entity410 alone in 6 @entity1 , secondarily generalized @entity410 alone in 9, and both types in 18. @entity735 , and cyanosis were commonly observed. Initial interictal electroencephalograms were normal in all @entity1 . However, paroxysmal discharges were recognized in 2 @entity1 in the second EEG during the first year of life. The main features of benign partial @entity302 in @entity950 were a high incidence of a cluster of @entity410 , short persistence of @entity410 , and normal initial interictal EEGs.

title: The clinical characterizations of benign partial XXXX in @entity950 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) occur in a small number of @entity1 , although @entity130 is rare. OBJECTIVE: To report the serious complication of @entity8 during ESWL. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old @entity1 was transferred to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with right @entity812 . He had undergone ESWL for the @entity1290 at a regional hospital 2 days earlier. @entity812 developed immediately after ESWL and was not spontaneously relieved. Computed tomography scan performed at the regional hospital showed an extensive right perinephric @entity1410 . When the @entity1 arrived at the @entity341 , his vital signs were unstable but were stabilized with fluid resuscitation and transfusion. Conservative care with no nephrectomy was chosen because there was no evidence of active bleeding on Doppler ultrasound examination. He was uneventfully discharged on the 31st hospital day without further complications. CONCLUSION: Although it is rare, @entity1 may present with @entity8 or @entity551 after ESWL.

title: XXXX after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney rupture']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain', 'Flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['right renal stone']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['serious injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney rupture']


abstract: We present a @entity1 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ). A 74-year-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity295 , which originated from erysipelas on her neck the following day. She developed @entity1576 due to @entity4 , @entity326 , disseminated @entity5642 (DIC), @entity810 and @entity955 . She responded well to treatment and improved rapidly, despite of her serious condition. When she had almost fully recovered after 15 days, her general condition worsened, and she developed @entity911 , @entity1939 and @entity1269 . MRI showed vasogenic @entity4 in the parietooccipital regions of the brain and in the cerebellum, consistent with @entity75 . @entity75 is a clinical and radiological diagnosis consisting of @entity10 , @entity911 , @entity12661 , @entity410 and sometimes @entity1269 . MRI of the cerebrum with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) map are decisive to the diagnosis, and usually shows a characteristic bilateral vasogenic @entity4 in the parietooccipital region. This can distinguish @entity75 from @entity4798 , which shows a @entity2657 on MRI. We discuss our @entity1 in the light of different conditions leading to @entity75 , possible pathophysiological factors and treatment options.

title: [An old @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic oedema']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PRES', 'Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory obstruction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['sudden pareses and blindness']


abstract: We present a @entity1 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ). A 74-year-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity295 , which originated from erysipelas on her neck the following day. She developed @entity1576 due to @entity4 , @entity326 , disseminated @entity5642 (DIC), @entity810 and @entity955 . She responded well to treatment and improved rapidly, despite of her serious condition. When she had almost fully recovered after 15 days, her general condition worsened, and she developed @entity911 , @entity1939 and @entity1269 . MRI showed vasogenic @entity4 in the parietooccipital regions of the brain and in the cerebellum, consistent with @entity75 . @entity75 is a clinical and radiological diagnosis consisting of @entity10 , @entity911 , @entity12661 , @entity410 and sometimes @entity1269 . MRI of the cerebrum with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) map are decisive to the diagnosis, and usually shows a characteristic bilateral vasogenic @entity4 in the parietooccipital region. This can distinguish @entity75 from @entity4798 , which shows a @entity2657 on MRI. We discuss our @entity1 in the light of different conditions leading to @entity75 , possible pathophysiological factors and treatment options.

title: [An old XXXX with @entity1939 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy, @entity1 acceptability and side effect profile of @entity2181 , a new antimuscarinic agent for treating @entity2182 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our randomized, placebo controlled, parallel group study 123, 129 and 64 @entity1 18 years old or older with proved detrusor overactivity ( @entity1344 or @entity427 ) were randomized to receive 1 or 2 mg. @entity2181 , or placebo, respectively, twice daily for 12 weeks. Main outcome measures were number of voids per 24 hours, urine volume per void and episodes of urge @entity322 per 24 hours on a frequency-volume chart with detailed recording of side effects. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment mean number of voids per 24 hours plus or minus standard deviation decreased from 11.2 +/- 3.1 to 9.0 +/- 2.6 with the 2 mg. dosage (p = 0.0045 versus placebo). At this dose mean urine volume per void increased from 155 +/- 52 to 190 +/- 70 ml. (p <0.0001 versus placebo), while mean number of @entity322 episodes per 24 hours decreased from 3.6 +/- 4.0 to 1.8 +/- 3.1 (p = 0.19 versus placebo). Similar efficacy was observed in @entity1 receiving the 1 mg. dose. Severe @entity2133 was reported by only 2, 1 and 2% of @entity1 given the 1 and 2 mg. dose, and placebo, respectively. There was no clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of significant cardiac adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2181 administration resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of voiding and improved voided volume but it was seldom associated with troublesome or severe side effects.

title: Clinical efficacy and safety of XXXX compared to placebo in detrusor overactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['Tolterodine', 'tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['bladder overactivity']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity2181 :: (MESH:C099041,Chemical) :: ['tolterodine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective is to document the first case report of @entity1512 after a lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection. The second objective is to analyze the case report literature to identify clinical features and trends of @entity1 with @entity166 after spinal injections. DESIGN: Single case report. A MEDLINE and EMBASE literature search was conducted using key words from the names of commonly performed spinal procedures, including epidural corticosteroid, selective nerve root, transforaminal epidural, facet joint, and sacroiliac joint injections. SETTING: Pain medicine clinic at a tertiary medical center. @entity1 : A 64-year-old @entity1 with an 8-year history of left lower extremity @entity158 and recurrent @entity358 was referred for a lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection. Six weeks following the injection, the @entity1 returned with a 4-week history of worsening right-sided @entity158 without associated recurrent @entity55 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right-sided L5-S1 disc extrusion with @entity1512 and a right L5-S1 discectomy was performed. Cultures of disc material and blood showed growth of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and a transesophageal echocardiogram showed no evidence of @entity884 . The @entity1 received 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and he had symptomatic recovery at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Including our @entity1 , the literature search identified 27 case reports of @entity166 . Similar clinical features and significant trends were evident in five categories including predisposing factors, symptom presentation, diagnostic evaluation, etiological organisms, and treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The identified clinical features and trends could prove useful to the practitioner when an infectious complication is suspected or has occurred.

title: XXXX after lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection: a case report and analysis of the case report literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinous pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['Discitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Narrow-band (311 nm) UVB is an effective treatment modality for moderate to severe @entity1569 . The effect of maintenance narrow-band UVB on the duration of remission is unknown. AIM: To determine whether maintenance narrow-band UVB affects the duration of remission. METHODS: After clinically significant improvement [defined as 75% reduction in the initial Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) = "PASI 75"], @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of two groups, namely maintenance and no maintenance. The first group received 2 months of maintenance therapy; the second group received no further treatment. Both groups were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS: At the end of 12 weeks, 46 of 50 @entity1 (92%) achieved "PASI 75". Of these 46 @entity1 , 32 had @entity1569 and 14 had guttate-type @entity1569 . The numbers of @entity1 assigned to the maintenance and no maintenance groups were 22 and 24, respectively. At the end of the study, 12 of the 22 @entity1 (55%) in the maintenance group and, by contrast, eight of the 24 @entity1 (33%) in the no maintenance group were still in remission. When the @entity1 in both groups were categorized according to the type of @entity1569 , eight of 14 (57%) @entity1 with @entity1569 in the maintenance group and, by contrast, three of 18 (17%) in the no maintenance group were still in remission. Although numerically significant, life-table analysis indicated no statistically significant difference for the probability of remaining in remission between maintenance and no maintenance groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide some evidence that maintenance narrow-band UVB may achieve longer remission durations for @entity1 with @entity1569 .

title: The effect of maintenance narrow-band ultraviolet B therapy on the duration of remission for XXXX : a prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque-type psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Borderline @entity43 (BOT) do not exhibit overt stromal invasion and are less aggressive than @entity43 . BOT also arise in younger @entity1 than those who develop epithelial @entity43 . Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of ovarian cryopreservation (OC) in @entity1 treated for BOT. METHODS: A retrospective study of data concerning young @entity1 (less than 35 years of age) who underwent surgery for a BOT with OC planned during the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 , treated between January 2002 and February 2008, were initially selected but six of them were excluded from the present study (four because the @entity5 was malignant and two because it was benign). Finally, 17 @entity1 were diagnosed as having BOT based on the frozen section analysis. In nine (53%) of these cases, OC was finally performed. In eight cases, OC was not performed; instead, in four cases a simple cystectomy was finally performed (one @entity1 was in fact pregnant at the time of surgery), in one case @entity5 was found and in three (18%) @entity1 OC was not technically feasible because no normal ovarian parenchyma was evident on gross inspection. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 treated for a BOT, OC was eventually feasible in 53% of @entity1 in whom this procedure was initially planned. In 18%, this procedure was aborted because no macroscopic healthy ovarian tissue could be found.

title: Feasibility of ovarian cryopreservation in borderline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['invasive epithelial ovarian tumours', 'ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumours']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Different analysis techniques have been developed to help understand and characterize the mechanisms responsible for @entity943 . We tested the hypothesis that Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of recorded atrial electrograms (AEGs) will rapidly and accurately identify regular and irregular patterns of atrial activation, and, thereby, may provide evidence suggestive of underlying mechanisms of @entity4710 . METHODS AND RESULTS: During induced @entity4710 in both the @entity235 sterile @entity2396 model and @entity235 rapid ventricular pacing-induced @entity712 model; 380-404 AEGs were recorded simultaneously from epicardial electrodes on both atria. From AEGs, atrial activation sequences were determined during @entity956 ( @entity956 ), focal @entity591 ( @entity591 ), and @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Four-second recording segments of each AEG were subjected to FFT analysis. Frequencies found during FFT analyses in all studies precisely corresponded to the cycle lengths of the AEGs. In @entity956 and @entity591 , one dominant frequency peak was found throughout both atria. In @entity955 due to multiple unstable reentry circuits, multiple and broad frequency peaks were found in both atria. In @entity955 due to a stable rapid rhythm (driver) in the left atrium with fibrillatory conduction to the rest of the atria, one dominant frequency peak in areas with 1:1 conduction from the driver, and multiple and/or broad frequency peaks in areas with fibrillatory conduction produced by the driver were found. Computation time for all FFT analyses took <5 minutes. CONCLUSION: FFT analysis accurately and rapidly identifies global atrial activation patterns during @entity956 , @entity591 , and @entity955 , thereby assisting in determining @entity943 mechanisms.

title: Use of fast fourier transform analysis of atrial electrograms for rapid characterization of atrial activation-implications for delineating possible mechanisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) have low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Adipokines and @entity2690 play an important role in bone metabolism in healthy individuals. However, their association with bone metabolism in @entity1278 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether adipokines and @entity2690 are independently associated with measures of @entity79 in adolescents with @entity1278 and controls. DESIGN/METHODS: Levels of @entity1254 and @entity2690 , fasting and after oral @entity413 , were evaluated in 17 @entity1278 @entity1 and 19 controls (age, 12-18 yr), in whom hormonal parameters [GH, @entity442 , @entity701 , @entity53 , leptin, ghrelin, and @entity1942 ( @entity1942 )] had been previously determined. Body composition, bone mineral content, and @entity79 at the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, and total body were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Two bone formation and bone resorption markers were examined. SETTING: The study was conducted at a General Clinical Research Center. RESULTS: @entity1254 differed between @entity1278 subjects and controls after controlling for fat mass and decreased in both after oral @entity413 (P = 0.02 and 0.07). On regression modeling, independent associations were observed of: 1) body mass index and @entity1254 with lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density Z-scores (r(2) = 0.45); 2) lean mass, @entity1942 , and ghrelin with hip Z-scores (r(2) = 0.55); 3) @entity1254 and lean mass with femoral neck-bone mineral apparent density Z-scores (r(2) = 0.34); and 4) lean mass, @entity1942 , GH, and ghrelin with total body-bone mineral content/height Z-scores (r(2) = 0.64), for the combined group. @entity1254 was also independently associated with @entity79 , and @entity2690 was associated with bone turnover markers in the groups considered separately. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1254 contributes significantly to the variability of bone density, and @entity2690 contributes to bone turnover markers in adolescent @entity1 .

title: Relationships between serum adipokines, @entity2690 levels, and bone density in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) have low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Adipokines and @entity2690 play an important role in bone metabolism in healthy individuals. However, their association with bone metabolism in @entity1278 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether adipokines and @entity2690 are independently associated with measures of @entity79 in adolescents with @entity1278 and controls. DESIGN/METHODS: Levels of @entity1254 and @entity2690 , fasting and after oral @entity413 , were evaluated in 17 @entity1278 @entity1 and 19 controls (age, 12-18 yr), in whom hormonal parameters [GH, @entity442 , @entity701 , @entity53 , leptin, ghrelin, and @entity1942 ( @entity1942 )] had been previously determined. Body composition, bone mineral content, and @entity79 at the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, and total body were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Two bone formation and bone resorption markers were examined. SETTING: The study was conducted at a General Clinical Research Center. RESULTS: @entity1254 differed between @entity1278 subjects and controls after controlling for fat mass and decreased in both after oral @entity413 (P = 0.02 and 0.07). On regression modeling, independent associations were observed of: 1) body mass index and @entity1254 with lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density Z-scores (r(2) = 0.45); 2) lean mass, @entity1942 , and ghrelin with hip Z-scores (r(2) = 0.55); 3) @entity1254 and lean mass with femoral neck-bone mineral apparent density Z-scores (r(2) = 0.34); and 4) lean mass, @entity1942 , GH, and ghrelin with total body-bone mineral content/height Z-scores (r(2) = 0.64), for the combined group. @entity1254 was also independently associated with @entity79 , and @entity2690 was associated with bone turnover markers in the groups considered separately. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1254 contributes significantly to the variability of bone density, and @entity2690 contributes to bone turnover markers in adolescent @entity1 .

title: Relationships between serum adipokines, XXXX levels, and bone density in @entity1 with @entity1278 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) have low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Adipokines and @entity2690 play an important role in bone metabolism in healthy individuals. However, their association with bone metabolism in @entity1278 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether adipokines and @entity2690 are independently associated with measures of @entity79 in adolescents with @entity1278 and controls. DESIGN/METHODS: Levels of @entity1254 and @entity2690 , fasting and after oral @entity413 , were evaluated in 17 @entity1278 @entity1 and 19 controls (age, 12-18 yr), in whom hormonal parameters [GH, @entity442 , @entity701 , @entity53 , leptin, ghrelin, and @entity1942 ( @entity1942 )] had been previously determined. Body composition, bone mineral content, and @entity79 at the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, and total body were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Two bone formation and bone resorption markers were examined. SETTING: The study was conducted at a General Clinical Research Center. RESULTS: @entity1254 differed between @entity1278 subjects and controls after controlling for fat mass and decreased in both after oral @entity413 (P = 0.02 and 0.07). On regression modeling, independent associations were observed of: 1) body mass index and @entity1254 with lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density Z-scores (r(2) = 0.45); 2) lean mass, @entity1942 , and ghrelin with hip Z-scores (r(2) = 0.55); 3) @entity1254 and lean mass with femoral neck-bone mineral apparent density Z-scores (r(2) = 0.34); and 4) lean mass, @entity1942 , GH, and ghrelin with total body-bone mineral content/height Z-scores (r(2) = 0.64), for the combined group. @entity1254 was also independently associated with @entity79 , and @entity2690 was associated with bone turnover markers in the groups considered separately. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1254 contributes significantly to the variability of bone density, and @entity2690 contributes to bone turnover markers in adolescent @entity1 .

title: Relationships between serum adipokines, @entity2690 levels, and bone density in XXXX with @entity1278 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Red cell (RBC) depletion is needed to bypass @entity6910 mismatch in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Technical and clinical data obtained after bone marrow (BM) processing with a continuous-flow cell separator (Cobe Spectra, Gambro BCT) are reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC depletion and recovery of nucleated cells, CD3+ cells, @entity2280 + cells, and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage were calculated. Bacteriologic contaminations, side effects of graft infusion, and hematopoietic recovery were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 114 BM samples were processed. The mean volume collected was 1099 mL (range, 390-2450 mL). Initial and residual mean RBCs volumes were 309.9 and 4.0 mL corresponding to a depletion of 98.6 +/- 0.78 percent. Before processing, the mean numbers of nucleated cells, granulocytes, CD3+ cells, @entity2280 + cells, and CFU-GM were 20.28 x 10(9), 12.79 x 10(9), 1.96 x 10(9), 356.7 x 10(6), and 195.6 x 10(5), respectively. The mean corresponding recoveries after processing were 33.66, 48.98, 82.02, 82.2, and 93.9 percent. Limited side effects were observed in 14 @entity1 without correlation with residual RBCs volume. All but two @entity1 engrafted. CONCLUSION: BM processing with the Cobe Spectra cell separator provides high rates of RBC depletion without significant side effects after BMT.

title: XXXX -mismatched marrow processing for transplantation: results of 114 procedures and analysis of immediate adverse events and hematopoietic recovery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: We reviewed nine @entity1 at a mean period of 11 years (6 to 16) after curettage and cementing of a @entity5 around the knee to determine if there were any long-term adverse effects on the cartilage. Plain radiography, MRI, delayed @entity2287 -enhanced MRI of the cartilage and measurement of the serum level of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were carried out. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Lysholm knee score. Each @entity1 was physically active and had returned to their previous occupation. Most participated in recreational sports or exercise. The mean Lysholm knee score was 92 (83 to 100). Only one @entity1 was found to have @entity16 adjacent to the cement. This @entity1 had a history of intra-articular @entity174 and local recurrence, leading to degenerative changes. Interpretation of the data obtained from delayed @entity2287 -enhanced MRI of the cartilage was difficult, with variation in the T1 values which did not correlate with the clinical or radiological findings. We did not find it helpful in the early diagnosis of @entity528 . We also found no obvious correlation between the serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein level and the radiological and MR findings, function, time after surgery and the age of the @entity1 . In summary, we found no evidence that the long-term presence of cement close to the knee joint was associated with the development of @entity179 .

title: XXXX of the knee: the condition of the cartilage after treatment by curettage and cementing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant-cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of cartilage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Giant-cell tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of @entity2401 is challenging. Nonspecific clinical presentation and an overlap with the diagnosis of @entity583 present a diagnostic dilemma. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of cardiac MRI and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the diagnosis of @entity2401 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two sequential @entity1 (all male; average age, 33 years) with clinically suspected @entity2401 were included. All @entity1 underwent cardiac MRI with sequences dedicated for the evaluation of myocardial delayed enhancement and TTE for the evaluation of wall motion abnormalities (WMAs). Nine @entity1 were excluded because of diagnosis of @entity583 (n=2) or inadequate cardiac MRI technique (n=7). Retrospective analysis of the images of the remaining 23 @entity1 was performed. RESULTS: An epicardial pattern of abnormal patchy myocardial delayed enhancement was seen on cardiac MRI in 21 of 23 (91%) @entity1 . WMAs were seen on TTE in eight of 23 (35%) @entity1 . Regional rather than global involvement was seen mainly in the inferolateral segments, with a predominance in the midventricular portion. CONCLUSION: Cardiac MRI might have a greater impact than TTE in confirming the presence of @entity2401 and evaluating the extent of @entity296 . Cardiac MRI provides noninvasive imaging that may obviate invasive procedures such as coronary catheter angiography or endomyocardial biopsy.

title: Acute XXXX : noninvasive evaluation with cardiac MRI and transthoracic echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'acute myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity5646 in hospitalized @entity1 with upper @entity293 ( @entity293 ), a comparative clinical study with @entity2261 was performed. 62/60% ( @entity5646 / @entity2261 ) of the @entity1 had a complicating factor, @entity3551 . I.v. bolus injections were used at a dose of 1 g @entity5646 or 1.5 g @entity2261 t.i.d., for a mean of 8.2 days (range: five to 14 days) except in @entity1 with @entity582 , who received a mean of 10.3 days (range: seven to 13 days) of therapy. 89% of the @entity1 treated with @entity5646 and 87% of those who received @entity2261 showed clinical cure and the bacteriological cure rate at one week post-therapy was 70% and 73% in the respective groups. The relapse/reinfection rate was high with both drugs; bacteriological cure at one month post-therapy was only 43% after @entity5646 and 40% after @entity2261 . This suggests that these infections may need longer treatment times. Superinfections, mostly asymptomatic urinary colonization, occurred in 7% and 3%, respectively, and adverse reactions in 23% and 12%, respectively, of the @entity1 treated with @entity5646 or @entity2261 , the majority being mild and reversible and only 3% and 3%, respectively, requiring discontinuation of the therapy. The t 1/2 for @entity5646 following a 1 g i.v. bolus was 2.0 h in six @entity1 with creatinine clearance above 80 ml/min and 3.0 h in seven @entity1 with @entity1011 clearance between 35-75 ml/min.

title: Randomized comparison of @entity5646 and XXXX in gram-negative upper @entity293 .

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['mostly obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity2261 :: (MESH:D002444,Chemical) :: ['cefuroxime']


abstract: In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity5646 in hospitalized @entity1 with upper @entity293 ( @entity293 ), a comparative clinical study with @entity2261 was performed. 62/60% ( @entity5646 / @entity2261 ) of the @entity1 had a complicating factor, @entity3551 . I.v. bolus injections were used at a dose of 1 g @entity5646 or 1.5 g @entity2261 t.i.d., for a mean of 8.2 days (range: five to 14 days) except in @entity1 with @entity582 , who received a mean of 10.3 days (range: seven to 13 days) of therapy. 89% of the @entity1 treated with @entity5646 and 87% of those who received @entity2261 showed clinical cure and the bacteriological cure rate at one week post-therapy was 70% and 73% in the respective groups. The relapse/reinfection rate was high with both drugs; bacteriological cure at one month post-therapy was only 43% after @entity5646 and 40% after @entity2261 . This suggests that these infections may need longer treatment times. Superinfections, mostly asymptomatic urinary colonization, occurred in 7% and 3%, respectively, and adverse reactions in 23% and 12%, respectively, of the @entity1 treated with @entity5646 or @entity2261 , the majority being mild and reversible and only 3% and 3%, respectively, requiring discontinuation of the therapy. The t 1/2 for @entity5646 following a 1 g i.v. bolus was 2.0 h in six @entity1 with creatinine clearance above 80 ml/min and 3.0 h in seven @entity1 with @entity1011 clearance between 35-75 ml/min.

title: Randomized comparison of @entity5646 and @entity2261 in gram-negative upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity5646 in hospitalized @entity1 with upper @entity293 ( @entity293 ), a comparative clinical study with @entity2261 was performed. 62/60% ( @entity5646 / @entity2261 ) of the @entity1 had a complicating factor, @entity3551 . I.v. bolus injections were used at a dose of 1 g @entity5646 or 1.5 g @entity2261 t.i.d., for a mean of 8.2 days (range: five to 14 days) except in @entity1 with @entity582 , who received a mean of 10.3 days (range: seven to 13 days) of therapy. 89% of the @entity1 treated with @entity5646 and 87% of those who received @entity2261 showed clinical cure and the bacteriological cure rate at one week post-therapy was 70% and 73% in the respective groups. The relapse/reinfection rate was high with both drugs; bacteriological cure at one month post-therapy was only 43% after @entity5646 and 40% after @entity2261 . This suggests that these infections may need longer treatment times. Superinfections, mostly asymptomatic urinary colonization, occurred in 7% and 3%, respectively, and adverse reactions in 23% and 12%, respectively, of the @entity1 treated with @entity5646 or @entity2261 , the majority being mild and reversible and only 3% and 3%, respectively, requiring discontinuation of the therapy. The t 1/2 for @entity5646 following a 1 g i.v. bolus was 2.0 h in six @entity1 with creatinine clearance above 80 ml/min and 3.0 h in seven @entity1 with @entity1011 clearance between 35-75 ml/min.

title: Randomized comparison of XXXX and @entity2261 in gram-negative upper @entity293 .

answer: @entity5646 :: (MESH:D001398,Chemical) :: ['aztreonam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of 2 microm continuous wave laser vaporization resection for the treatment of @entity150 . METHODS: A total of 56 @entity1 with 68 @entity150 underwent 2 microm laser vaporization resection via a transurethral cystoscope under caudal anesthesia. In the operation, the wall of the urinary bladder was vaporized and cut, the muscular layers were removed, and then the specimens were sent for pathological inspection separately. The following variables were recorded: operation time, @entity190 , complications during and after the operation, pathology staging of the @entity5 , and follow-up visit time. RESULTS: All @entity1 endured the operation. The mean surgery time was 8.8 +/- 3.3 minutes (range, 4 to 15 minutes). @entity190 was minimal, no @entity1 experienced an obturator nerve reflection, or a @entity548 after the operation. The pathology staging of the @entity5 were as follows: 40 cases (total 47 @entity5 ) were T1 stage; 16 cases (total 21 @entity5 ) were T2 stage. The follow-up periods were between 12 to 17 months, and the mean period was 14.5 months. @entity5 recurrences were found in 3 cases, and one @entity1 suffered two recurrences, the total recurrence rate was 5.3%. There was no primary recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The 2 microm continuous wave laser is a new, safe and efficacious method for the treatment of @entity150 . Because the 2 microm laser can vaporize and cut the muscular layers of the bladder finely, it can not only treat superficial @entity150 efficiently, but also treat some types of invasive @entity5 of the bladder.

title: [Continuous wave laser of 2 microm for XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively review the clinical features and treatment strategy of @entity890 in adolescents initially misdiagnosed as @entity2112 . METHODS: From 1998 to 2007, nineteen adolescents with @entity890 were admitted to our hospital. All of them presented a scoliotic curve as their first complaint. There were 10 males and 9 females with the age ranged from 14 to 20 years. The disc herniation located at L(4,5) in 10 @entity1 , at L(5)S(1) in 7, and at L(4)-S(1) in 2. The Cobb angle ranged from 23 degrees to 38 degrees . The distance from the C(7) plumb line to the central sacral line averaged 4.7 cm. All the @entity1 underwent conventional open discectomy, followed by a pelvic traction for 3 weeks. A cast fixation for one month was recommended for further correction of @entity1635 if the curve improvement was not obvious. RESULTS: Fourteen (73.7%) @entity1 had a disc herniation at the convex side of lumbar curve, and 5 (26.3%) @entity1 had a disc herniation at the concave side, which showed a marginal statistical correlation between the side of the disc herniation and the direction of lumbar curve (P = 0.07). Leg @entity158 and @entity1183 disappeared in the 19 @entity1 after surgical decompression. After the pelvic traction for 3 weeks postoperatively, the Cobb angle reduced to 14 degrees, with the mean distance from the C(7) plumb line to the central sacral line of 2.2 cm. At a mean follow-up of 21 months, neither the recurrence of @entity615 and leg @entity158 nor the loss of spontaneous @entity1635 correction was found. CONCLUSIONS: Care should be taken to the diagnosis of @entity890 in adolescents with @entity85 as their chief complaint. Satisfactory clinical results can be achieved by early diagnosis and proper treatment.

title: [Clinical evaluation of adolescent XXXX misdiagnosed as @entity2112 ].

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spine deformity']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively review the clinical features and treatment strategy of @entity890 in adolescents initially misdiagnosed as @entity2112 . METHODS: From 1998 to 2007, nineteen adolescents with @entity890 were admitted to our hospital. All of them presented a scoliotic curve as their first complaint. There were 10 males and 9 females with the age ranged from 14 to 20 years. The disc herniation located at L(4,5) in 10 @entity1 , at L(5)S(1) in 7, and at L(4)-S(1) in 2. The Cobb angle ranged from 23 degrees to 38 degrees . The distance from the C(7) plumb line to the central sacral line averaged 4.7 cm. All the @entity1 underwent conventional open discectomy, followed by a pelvic traction for 3 weeks. A cast fixation for one month was recommended for further correction of @entity1635 if the curve improvement was not obvious. RESULTS: Fourteen (73.7%) @entity1 had a disc herniation at the convex side of lumbar curve, and 5 (26.3%) @entity1 had a disc herniation at the concave side, which showed a marginal statistical correlation between the side of the disc herniation and the direction of lumbar curve (P = 0.07). Leg @entity158 and @entity1183 disappeared in the 19 @entity1 after surgical decompression. After the pelvic traction for 3 weeks postoperatively, the Cobb angle reduced to 14 degrees, with the mean distance from the C(7) plumb line to the central sacral line of 2.2 cm. At a mean follow-up of 21 months, neither the recurrence of @entity615 and leg @entity158 nor the loss of spontaneous @entity1635 correction was found. CONCLUSIONS: Care should be taken to the diagnosis of @entity890 in adolescents with @entity85 as their chief complaint. Satisfactory clinical results can be achieved by early diagnosis and proper treatment.

title: [Clinical evaluation of adolescent @entity890 misdiagnosed as XXXX ].

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: The Ponseti method of treating @entity5149 has been shown to be effective in @entity1 up to two years of age. However, it is not known whether it is successful in older @entity1 . We retrospectively reviewed 17 @entity1 (24 feet) with @entity5149 who presented after walking age and had undergone no previous treatment. All were treated by the method described by Ponseti, with minor modifications. The mean age at presentation was 3.9 years (1.2 to 9.0) and the mean follow-up was for 3.1 years (2.1 to 5.6). The mean time of immobilisation in a cast was 3.9 months (1.5 to 6.0). A painless plantigrade foot was obtained in 16 feet without the need for extensive soft-tissue release and/or bony procedures. Four @entity1 (7 feet) had recurrent equinus which required a second tenotomy. Failure was observed in five @entity1 (8 feet) who required a posterior release for full correction of the @entity5110 . We conclude that the Ponseti method is a safe, effective and low-cost treatment for neglected idiopathic @entity5149 presenting after walking age.

title: Correction of neglected idiopathic XXXX by the Ponseti method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5110 :: ('MESH:D004863', 'Disease') :: ['equinus deformity']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['club foot', 'congenital idiopathic club foot']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['club foot']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic factors of @entity1721 (ESCC) after esophagectomy. METHODS: The clinicopathologic data of 716 @entity1 with @entity1514 ESCC from January 1990 to December 1998 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 538 male and 178 female @entity1 aged from 24 to 78 years old with a median of 57 years old. Cumulative survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test. COX regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. RESULTS: The overall 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 82.9%, 44.3%, 34.2% and 25.7% respectively. The 5-year survival rates was 80.0%, 51.2%, 19.7% and 13.3% for stage I, stage IIA, stage IIB and stage III respectively. Of the 716 @entity1 , 151 (21.1%) @entity1 recurred, including 48 (84.2%) of stage IIA recurrence, 22 (91.7%) of stage IIB recurrence and 63 (90.0%) of stage III recurrence occurred within 3 years postoperatively. Univariate analysis revealed that the factors impacting the prognosis were gender, depth of invasion, lymph node @entity3 , pathologic stage, number of lymph node metastatic field, differentiation, surgical margin and @entity5 relapse. Multivariate analysis showed that depth of invasion, lymph node @entity3 , pathologic stage and @entity5 relapse were independently associated to poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Depth of invasion, lymph node @entity3 , pathologic stage and @entity5 relapse are the independent factors of ESCC. Surgery is still the primary treatment for @entity5 ; but it is suggested to adopt surgical treatment as primary modality combined with other therapies for @entity5 .

title: [Surgical treatment and prognosis in @entity1 with squamous cell carcinoma of XXXX esophagus].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage I-IIA esophageal cancer', 'stage IIB-III esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic factors of @entity1721 (ESCC) after esophagectomy. METHODS: The clinicopathologic data of 716 @entity1 with @entity1514 ESCC from January 1990 to December 1998 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 538 male and 178 female @entity1 aged from 24 to 78 years old with a median of 57 years old. Cumulative survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test. COX regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. RESULTS: The overall 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 82.9%, 44.3%, 34.2% and 25.7% respectively. The 5-year survival rates was 80.0%, 51.2%, 19.7% and 13.3% for stage I, stage IIA, stage IIB and stage III respectively. Of the 716 @entity1 , 151 (21.1%) @entity1 recurred, including 48 (84.2%) of stage IIA recurrence, 22 (91.7%) of stage IIB recurrence and 63 (90.0%) of stage III recurrence occurred within 3 years postoperatively. Univariate analysis revealed that the factors impacting the prognosis were gender, depth of invasion, lymph node @entity3 , pathologic stage, number of lymph node metastatic field, differentiation, surgical margin and @entity5 relapse. Multivariate analysis showed that depth of invasion, lymph node @entity3 , pathologic stage and @entity5 relapse were independently associated to poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Depth of invasion, lymph node @entity3 , pathologic stage and @entity5 relapse are the independent factors of ESCC. Surgery is still the primary treatment for @entity5 ; but it is suggested to adopt surgical treatment as primary modality combined with other therapies for @entity5 .

title: [Surgical treatment and prognosis in XXXX with squamous cell carcinoma of @entity1514 esophagus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity788 is one of the most lethal @entity5 . An estimated 32,300 @entity1 will die of @entity788 in year 2006. It is the tenth most common @entity5 in the United States. Despite recent advances in pathology, molecular basis and treatment, the overall survival rate remains 4% for all stages and races. Palliative care represents an important aspect of care in @entity1 with @entity9451 . Identifying and treating disease related symptomology are priorities. As a physician taking care of these @entity1 it is essential to know these symptoms and treatment modalities. This review discusses symptom management and supportive care strategies. Common problems include @entity158 , @entity1321 , @entity253 , @entity3210 , @entity448 - @entity3085 and @entity308 . Success is needed in managing these symptoms to palliate @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . @entity788 is a model illness to learn the palliative and supportive management in @entity5 @entity1 . It is important for oncologists to recognize the importance of control measures and supportive measures that can minimize the symptoms of @entity1442 and side effects of @entity5 treatment.

title: Supportive and palliative care of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The special patterns of the slow wave activity in irrittable bowel syndrome by means of surface electromyography were examined and the effect of @entity24819 on the symptoms and on the colonic motility in this disease was estimated. Twenty two @entity1 with @entity1744 and 7 healthy controls were selected to the study. The clinical symptoms were @entity490 and bloating in all @entity1 , @entity1142 in 9, and @entity294 in 6 cases. Surface electromyography was carried out before and on the 14th day of the treatment with @entity24819 (50 mg t. i. d). The colonic motility was analysed in a 2 hour fasting and a 2 hour postprandial period following a standard (800 kCal) meal. The slow wave frequency of 0.01-0.04 Hz were selected and analysed. The mean frequency of activity peaks (n/10 min) and power-index (area under curve, microV 10 min) were measured. For statistical analysis Student's t-test was applied. Electromyogram of @entity1 with @entity1744 showed a significant increase of the measured colonic motility parameters both in fasting and postprandial states. Fourteen days of @entity24819 treatment was able to significantly reduce the intensity of the colonic motor activity. Administration of @entity24819 completely released in 6 and significantly improved the @entity490 in other 12 @entity1 , while the bloating disappeared in 12 and was significantly improved in 5 from 22 @entity1 . @entity24819 was able to normalise the stool frequency: the weekly number of stools was decreased from 16 to 7 in the @entity1 complaining @entity294 ant it was increased from 2 to 6 in the @entity1 with @entity1142 .

title: [Effectiveness of XXXX therapy on colonic motility disorders in @entity1744 ].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity24819 :: ('MESH:C013199', 'Chemical') :: ['Pinaverium bromide', 'pinaverium bromide']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity24819 :: (MESH:C013199,Chemical) :: ['pinaverium bromide']


abstract: The special patterns of the slow wave activity in irrittable bowel syndrome by means of surface electromyography were examined and the effect of @entity24819 on the symptoms and on the colonic motility in this disease was estimated. Twenty two @entity1 with @entity1744 and 7 healthy controls were selected to the study. The clinical symptoms were @entity490 and bloating in all @entity1 , @entity1142 in 9, and @entity294 in 6 cases. Surface electromyography was carried out before and on the 14th day of the treatment with @entity24819 (50 mg t. i. d). The colonic motility was analysed in a 2 hour fasting and a 2 hour postprandial period following a standard (800 kCal) meal. The slow wave frequency of 0.01-0.04 Hz were selected and analysed. The mean frequency of activity peaks (n/10 min) and power-index (area under curve, microV 10 min) were measured. For statistical analysis Student's t-test was applied. Electromyogram of @entity1 with @entity1744 showed a significant increase of the measured colonic motility parameters both in fasting and postprandial states. Fourteen days of @entity24819 treatment was able to significantly reduce the intensity of the colonic motor activity. Administration of @entity24819 completely released in 6 and significantly improved the @entity490 in other 12 @entity1 , while the bloating disappeared in 12 and was significantly improved in 5 from 22 @entity1 . @entity24819 was able to normalise the stool frequency: the weekly number of stools was decreased from 16 to 7 in the @entity1 complaining @entity294 ant it was increased from 2 to 6 in the @entity1 with @entity1142 .

title: [Effectiveness of @entity24819 therapy on colonic motility disorders in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Germination of Rhizopus oligosporus sporangiospores is characterized by swelling of the spores and subsequent emergence of germ tubes. Changes in spore morphology and alterations in intracellular pH (pH(infin)) of the sporangiospores were assessed during the germination process by flow cytometry. Sporangiospores were stained with @entity12311 by incubation with @entity12312 . The nonfluorescent @entity12312 is passively transported into intact cells and subsequently cleaved by esterases, which results in intracellular accumulation of the fluorescent @entity12311 . Given that the fluorescence of @entity12311 is pH dependent, the pH(infin) of the individual spores could be assessed simultaneously with spore size. For R. oligosporus, swelling of the sporangiospores was accompanied by an increase of pH(infin). In the presence of @entity59748 , a self-inhibitor produced by various fungi, increase of the pH(infin) was prevented and swelling was inhibited at concentrations of less than 1 mM. @entity6212 and @entity27145 were equally effective. @entity1543 also inhibited germination but at much higher concentrations (>8 mM). The mechanism of action of these @entity1718 is most likely dissipation of the pH gradient. A model is proposed in which the pH(infin) plays a crucial role in the germination of R. oligosporus sporangiospores.

title: XXXX , a Fungal Self-Inhibitor, Prevents Germination of Rhizopus oligosporus Sporangiospores by Dissipation of the pH Gradient.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['Octanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity12312 :: ('MESH:C027780', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein diacetate']

entities_list: @entity12311 :: ('MESH:C024098', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity27145 :: ('MESH:C031071', 'Chemical') :: ['decanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity59748 :: ('MESH:C008776', 'Chemical') :: ['nonanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetic acid']

answer: @entity59748 :: (MESH:C008776,Chemical) :: ['Nonanoic Acid']


abstract: Intra-alveolar root @entity174 of posterior teeth are rare when compared with other @entity8495 . This case report describes one vertical and two horizontal root @entity174 of teeth 3, 14, and 15. The teeth all tested normal to cold and electric pulp tests. The @entity1 reported no history of accidental @entity130 , and no signs of @entity2318 were found. These @entity174 were discovered during a routine full-mouth radiographic survey. All teeth were asymptomatic and in good function. During the 11 yr that followed, there was no dental treatment, except for routine periodontal maintenance. The @entity1 had one abscess that occurred after 9 yr on tooth 3, which had to be extracted. The upper left molars are surprisingly still in function and asymptomatic. Either occlusal or lateral @entity130 may be the cause of these @entity174 . This would strongly suggest night guard appliances for @entity1 who clench or grind. A psychological evaluation of the @entity1 might reveal @entity11167 , @entity148 , or stress situations affecting teeth.

title: Unusual horizontal and vertical root XXXX of maxillary molars: an 11-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity8 and @entity5721 (IRI) is considered an inflammatory syndrome. To move forward in its pathogenesis, we exploited the role of several cytokines on @entity8 triggered by IRI. Specifically to evaluate the role of @entity630 immune profile in this system, IL-12, @entity60 , and @entity60 /IL-12 deficient (KO) @entity19 on C57BL/6 background and their controls were subjected to IRI. In each group, blood and kidney samples were harvested. Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity1011 and renal morphometric analyses. Gene expression of @entity777 and @entity10183 were also investigated by Q-PCR. @entity60 KO animals presented the @entity73 in renal function compared to controls. Conversely, IL-12 KO animals were absolutely protected and, in a lesser extent, @entity60 /IL-12 KO double knockout was also protected from IRI. Gene expression analyses showed higher expression of @entity10183 , a cytoprotective gene, and @entity777 , a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in @entity60 deficient animals subjected to IRI. Our results confirm that @entity630 related cytokines such as IL-12 and @entity60 are critically involved in @entity8 and @entity5721 .

title: Critical involvement of @entity630 -related cytokines in XXXX induced by ischemia and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damages', 'Renal ischemia', 'renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['highest impairment']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injuries']


abstract: @entity8 and @entity5721 (IRI) is considered an inflammatory syndrome. To move forward in its pathogenesis, we exploited the role of several cytokines on @entity8 triggered by IRI. Specifically to evaluate the role of @entity630 immune profile in this system, IL-12, @entity60 , and @entity60 /IL-12 deficient (KO) @entity19 on C57BL/6 background and their controls were subjected to IRI. In each group, blood and kidney samples were harvested. Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity1011 and renal morphometric analyses. Gene expression of @entity777 and @entity10183 were also investigated by Q-PCR. @entity60 KO animals presented the @entity73 in renal function compared to controls. Conversely, IL-12 KO animals were absolutely protected and, in a lesser extent, @entity60 /IL-12 KO double knockout was also protected from IRI. Gene expression analyses showed higher expression of @entity10183 , a cytoprotective gene, and @entity777 , a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in @entity60 deficient animals subjected to IRI. Our results confirm that @entity630 related cytokines such as IL-12 and @entity60 are critically involved in @entity8 and @entity5721 .

title: Critical involvement of XXXX -related cytokines in @entity8 induced by ischemia and reperfusion.

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: The physiology of the deep-sea hyperthermophilic, anaerobic vent archaeon @entity67894 , originating from the Fiji Basin at a depth of 2,000 m, was studied under diverse conditions. The emphasis of these studies lay in the growth and survival of this archaeon under the different conditions present in the natural habitat. Incubation under in situ pressure (20 MPa) and at 40 MPa increased the maximal and minimal growth temperatures by 4(deg)C. In situ pressure enhanced survival at a lethal high temperature (106 to 112(deg)C) relative to that at low pressure (0.3 MPa). The whole-cell protein profile, analyzed by one-dimensional @entity3208 gel electrophoresis, did not change in cultures grown under low or high pressure at optimal and minimal growth temperatures, but several changes were observed at the maximal growth temperature under in situ pressure. The complex lipid pattern of @entity67894 grown under in situ and 0.1- to 0.5-MPa pressures at different temperatures was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. The phospholipids became more complex at a low growth temperature at both pressures but their profiles were not superimposable; fewer differences were observed in the core lipids. The polar lipids were composed of only one phospholipid in cells grown under in situ pressure at high temperatures. Survival in the presence of @entity26 and under starvation conditions was examined. @entity26 was toxic to @entity67894 at growth range temperature, but the strain survived for several weeks at 4(deg)C. The strain was not affected by starvation in a minimal medium for at least 1 month at 4(deg)C and only minimally affected @entity1 (deg)C for several days. Cells were more resistant to @entity26 in starvation medium. A drastic change in protein profile, depending on incubation time, was observed in cells when starved at growth temperature.

title: Physiological Responses to Stress Conditions and Barophilic Behavior of the Hyperthermophilic Vent Archaeon XXXX .

entities_list: @entity67894 :: ('29292', 'Species') :: ['P. abyssi', 'Pyrococcus abyssi']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

answer: @entity67894 :: (29292,Species) :: ['Pyrococcus abyssi']


abstract: Evidence suggests that locally advanced @entity1149 may be more effectively treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiation or concurrent chemoradiation compared with radiation alone. The majority of combined modality regimens evaluated in mature clinical trials incorporated @entity900 -based combinations, but none has incorporated newer active systemic agents or fully examined the potential role of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation. The Fox Chase Cancer Center and its affiliate network have evaluated induction chemotherapy with @entity1311 plus @entity3003 with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming followed by concurrent systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 . The regimen has been well-tolerated and @entity1311 dose escalation continues. The major response to combined therapy was 55% in the first 38 evaluable @entity1 , and the 1-year survival rate is 72%. Median survival is 15 months. The primary @entity137 following induction therapy has been myelotoxicity, which has been mild in severity. During concurrent therapy, the major @entity137 has been @entity2910 ; only limited nonhematologic @entity137 has been observed. Other studies evaluating different chemoradiation regimens have reported varying results. @entity1311 / @entity3003 -based combinations, administered cyclically at or near full systemic dose in combination with radiation, are feasible. Randomized studies are needed to determine the proper sequencing, potential survival benefits, and relative safety profiles of these combined modality regimens.

title: Concurrent chemoradiation using @entity1311 and @entity3003 in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Evidence suggests that locally advanced @entity1149 may be more effectively treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiation or concurrent chemoradiation compared with radiation alone. The majority of combined modality regimens evaluated in mature clinical trials incorporated @entity900 -based combinations, but none has incorporated newer active systemic agents or fully examined the potential role of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation. The Fox Chase Cancer Center and its affiliate network have evaluated induction chemotherapy with @entity1311 plus @entity3003 with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming followed by concurrent systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 . The regimen has been well-tolerated and @entity1311 dose escalation continues. The major response to combined therapy was 55% in the first 38 evaluable @entity1 , and the 1-year survival rate is 72%. Median survival is 15 months. The primary @entity137 following induction therapy has been myelotoxicity, which has been mild in severity. During concurrent therapy, the major @entity137 has been @entity2910 ; only limited nonhematologic @entity137 has been observed. Other studies evaluating different chemoradiation regimens have reported varying results. @entity1311 / @entity3003 -based combinations, administered cyclically at or near full systemic dose in combination with radiation, are feasible. Randomized studies are needed to determine the proper sequencing, potential survival benefits, and relative safety profiles of these combined modality regimens.

title: Concurrent chemoradiation using @entity1311 and XXXX in locally advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Evidence suggests that locally advanced @entity1149 may be more effectively treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiation or concurrent chemoradiation compared with radiation alone. The majority of combined modality regimens evaluated in mature clinical trials incorporated @entity900 -based combinations, but none has incorporated newer active systemic agents or fully examined the potential role of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation. The Fox Chase Cancer Center and its affiliate network have evaluated induction chemotherapy with @entity1311 plus @entity3003 with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming followed by concurrent systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 . The regimen has been well-tolerated and @entity1311 dose escalation continues. The major response to combined therapy was 55% in the first 38 evaluable @entity1 , and the 1-year survival rate is 72%. Median survival is 15 months. The primary @entity137 following induction therapy has been myelotoxicity, which has been mild in severity. During concurrent therapy, the major @entity137 has been @entity2910 ; only limited nonhematologic @entity137 has been observed. Other studies evaluating different chemoradiation regimens have reported varying results. @entity1311 / @entity3003 -based combinations, administered cyclically at or near full systemic dose in combination with radiation, are feasible. Randomized studies are needed to determine the proper sequencing, potential survival benefits, and relative safety profiles of these combined modality regimens.

title: Concurrent chemoradiation using XXXX and @entity3003 in locally advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: 1. We characterized the responses of @entity19 airways and pulmonary vessels to a variety of endogenous mediators in the isolated perfused and ventilated @entity19 lung (IPL) and compared them with those in precision-cut lung slices. 2. Airways: The EC50 (microM) for contractions of airways in IPL/slices was @entity2710 (Mch), 6.1/1.5> @entity750 , 0.7/2.0> @entity2872 (TP-receptor agonist), 0.1/0.06> @entity15486 , 0.1/0.05. In the IPL, maximum increase in airway resistance (RL) was 0.6, 0.4, 0.8 and 11 cm @entity2507 s ml(-1), respectively. @entity859 (< or =1 mM), @entity6138 (< or =100 microM), @entity112 (< or =10 mM), LTC4 (< or =1 microM), PAF (0.25 microM) and @entity10501 (< or =100 microM) had only weak effects (<5% of Mch) on RL. 3. Vessels: The EC50 (microM) for vasoconstriction in the IPL was LTC4, 0.06> @entity2872 , 0.05< @entity15486 , 0.02. The maximum increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was 11, 41 and 48 cm @entity2507 , respectively. At 250 nM, the activity of PAF was comparable to that of LTC4. At 100 microM only, @entity10501 caused a largely variable increase in @entity2786 . @entity750 , @entity859 , @entity6138 , @entity112 and Mch had no or only very small effects on PAP. 4. Hyperresponsiveness: In both the IPL and slices, @entity2872 in subthreshold concentrations (10 nM) reduced the EC50 to 0.6 microM. In the IPL, @entity2872 raised the maximum airway response to Mch 5 fold and the maximum PAF-induced vasoconstriction 4 fold. 5. CONCLUSION: @entity19 precision-cut lung slices maintain important characteristics of the whole organ. The maximum reagibility of @entity19 airways to endogenous mediators is @entity750 <Mch< @entity2872 <ET-1. The reagibility of the @entity19 pulmonary vasculature is @entity750 <LTC4 approximately = to PAF< @entity2872 <ET-1. The airway and vessel hyperreactivity induced by @entity2872 raises the possibility that @entity2871 contributes directly to airway hyperresponsiveness in various experimental and clinical settings.

title: Characterization of airway and vascular responses in XXXX lungs.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity1522 are widely used in biotechnology applications. Since @entity1522 are natural compounds, they can be safely used in pharmaceutical applications, e.g., as a solvent additive for protein purification and as an excipient for protein formulations. At high concentrations, certain @entity1522 are found to raise intra-cellular osmotic pressure and adjust to the high salt concentrations of the surrounding medium. They are called "compatible solutes", since they do not affect macromolecular function. Not only are they needed to increase the osmotic pressure, they are known to increase the stability of the proteins. @entity969 , @entity653 and certain @entity1522 were used to enhance the stability of unstable proteins after isolation from natural environments. The mechanism of the action of these protein-stabilizing @entity1522 is relatively well understood. On the contrary, @entity369 was accidentally discovered as a useful reagent for assisting in the refolding of recombinant proteins. This effect of @entity369 was ascribed to its ability to suppress aggregation of the proteins during refolding, thereby increasing refolding efficiency. By the same mechanism, @entity369 now finds much wider applications than previously anticipated in the research and development of proteins, in particular in pharmaceutical applications. For example, @entity369 solubilizes proteins from loose inclusion bodies, resulting in efficient production of active proteins. @entity369 suppresses protein-protein interactions in solution and also non-specific adsorption to gel permeation chromatography columns. @entity369 facilitates elution of bound proteins from various column resins, including Protein-A or dye affinity columns and hydrophobic interaction columns. This review covers various biotechnology applications of @entity1522 , in particular @entity369 .

title: Biotechnology applications of XXXX in protein purification and formulations.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['Sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1279 affects @entity1 at a peak age of reproductive functioning, but few studies have examined the impact of pregnancy on @entity6426 . AIM: To examine the impact of pregnancy on symptoms of @entity1279 and associated psychopathology. METHOD: @entity1 actively suffering from @entity1279 during pregnancy (n = 94) were interviewed using the eating disorder examination (12th @entity14335 ) and structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R, with additional structured questions. Behaviours were recorded at conception, each trimester and postnatally. Relative risks were calculated for prognostic factors. RESULTS: Bulimic symptoms improved throughout pregnancy. After delivery, 57% had worse symptoms than pre-pregnancy, but 34% were no longer bulimic. Relapse was predicted by behavioural severity and persistence, previous anorexia nervosa (' @entity6426 ), gestational @entity6 and 'unplanned' pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancies were the norm, usually resulting from mistaken beliefs about fertility. ' @entity308 ' was suggested in one-third of the sample, and in two-thirds of those with' @entity6426 , and was predicted by @entity167 misuse, symptom severity and persistence. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal treatment intervention should focus on @entity1 'at risk' of relapse, but all @entity1 with @entity6426 should be assessed for postnatal @entity308 .

title: Impact of pregnancy on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Postnatal depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia', "Type II' bulimia"]

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Bulimia nervosa', 'bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: We noted the combination of obstructed defecation or @entity1142 and @entity1241 , the poor results of abdominal rectopexy for @entity1142 , and the well-known risk of postoperative induction of @entity1142 after rectopexy. We developed a new operation to treat @entity1 with @entity1142 or @entity1241 (with a concomitant rectocele, internal rectal intussusception, enterocele at dynamic defecography, or all three) or both. This new rectopexy technique avoided dorsolateral mobilization of the rectum and did not endanger the hypogastric nerves and pelvic autonomic nerves. A better effect on @entity1142 compared with rectopexies with dorsolateral mobilization was expected. METHODS: The results of this new operation, which was called rectovaginopexy, were studied prospectively in a series of 27 @entity1 . Four-year results were obtained. Preoperative and postoperative questionnaires, dynamic defecograms, and anorectal physiology studies were analyzed. RESULTS: Before the operation 17 @entity1 were constipated, compared with 4 @entity1 one year after rectovaginopexy (76 percent improvement; P = 0.0015) and 5 @entity1 four years after rectovaginopexy (71 percent improvement: P = 0.005), respectively. At one year, @entity1241 decreased significantly: 15 of 17 @entity1 improved and 9 @entity1 became fully continent (P = 0.0007). Four years after rectovaginopexy the effect on @entity1241 was no longer significant (P = 0.09). Rectovaginopexy restored anatomy: all (9) enteroceles, all but 1 (17) internal rectal intussusception, and 12 of 20 rectoceles dissolved, and the majority were reduced in size. Rectal sensation for distention was unchanged, and rectal electrosensitivity improved (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Rectovaginopexy provides significant one-year improvement of both @entity1142 and @entity1241 . The positive effect on @entity1142 did not deteriorate with time, in contrast to the effect on @entity1241 .

title: Abdominal rectovaginopexy: modified technique to treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Poor adherence is one of the biggest obstacles in therapeutic control of @entity101 . The objectives of this study were (i) to measure adherence to antihypertensive therapy in a representative sample of the @entity101 Pakistani population and (ii) to investigate the factors associated with adherence in the studied population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a simple random sample of 460 @entity1 at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) and National Institute of @entity65 , Karachi, from September 2005-May 2006. Adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), with scores ranging from 0 (non-adherent) to 4 (adherent). In addition to MMAS, @entity1 self-reports about the number of pills taken over a prescribed period were used to estimate adherence as a percentage. @entity9360 Anxiety and @entity308 Scale ( @entity9360 -ADS) was incorporated to find any association between @entity308 and adherence. At a cut-off value of 80%, 77% of the cases were adherent. Upon univariate analyses, increasing age, better awareness and increasing number of pills prescribed significantly improved adherence, while @entity308 showed no association. Significant associations, upon multivariate analyses, included number of drugs that a @entity1 was taking (P<0.02) and whether he/she was taking medication regularly or only for symptomatic relief (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to what has been reported worldwide, younger age, poor awareness, and symptomatic treatment adversely affected adherence to antihypertensive medication in our population. In contrast, monotherapy reduced adherence, whereas psychosocial factors such as @entity308 showed no association. These findings may be used to identify the subset of population at risk of low adherence who should be targeted for interventions to achieve better blood pressure control and hence prevent complications.

title: Factors associated with adherence to anti- XXXX treatment in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In July 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the marketing of @entity2816 for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of @entity5406 . To ensure that fetal exposure to this teratogenic agent does not occur, the manufacturer has instituted a comprehensive program to control prescribing, dispensing, and use of the drug. This program, known as the System for @entity2816 Education and Prescribing Safety (S.T.E.P.S. [Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey]), is based in part on experience gained with other drugs--specifically @entity10211 and @entity1088 --that offer important clinical benefits but carry the potential for serious harm. To achieve its goal of the lowest possible incidence of drug-associated teratogenicity, the S.T.E.P.S. program uses a three-pronged approach: (1) controlling access to the drug; (2) educating prescribers, pharmacists, and @entity1 ; and (3) monitoring compliance. Clinicians who wish to prescribe @entity2816 must be registered in the S.T.E.P.S. Prescriber Registry and agree to prescribe the drug in accordance with S.T.E.P.S. @entity1 eligibility criteria and monitoring procedures. Pharmacies must also register and agree to comply with @entity1 identification and monitoring criteria. Finally, @entity1 receive visual aids, including a videotape, written material, and verbal counseling about the benefits and risks of @entity2816 therapy, the importance of not becoming pregnant during therapy, and the types of contraception required (including emergency contraception) and their availability. @entity1 of childbearing potential must agree to undergo pregnancy testing before starting therapy and on a regular schedule during therapy. All @entity1 must agree to complete a confidential survey about their compliance with contraception, testing, and drug therapy. The manufacturer is monitoring survey results and outcome data and is prepared to make whatever modifications to the S.T.E.P.S. program are necessary to ensure its effectiveness. In addition to minimizing the potential risk for fetal harm associated with @entity2816 therapy, the S.T.E.P.S. program may provide a model for future cases in which a drug offers compelling benefits but poses profound risks unless its distribution is carefully controlled.

title: S.T.E.P.S.: a comprehensive program for controlling and monitoring access to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum leprosum']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: CONTEXT _ OBJECTIVE: Norwegian hospitals' @entity130 teams are seldom exposed to severely injured @entity1 . We developed and implemented a one-day multi-professional training course for hospital @entity130 teams in order to improve communication, cooperation and leadership. METHODS: Training courses were held in 28 Norwegian hospitals with learning objectives: improved team work, common understanding of treatment priorities and principles, communication skills, and threats to efficient communication. Two @entity130 teams in each hospital had two consecutive simulations in their hospital's own emergency room, as part of the course. Simulation was based on real cases, with a low-fidelity mannequin as @entity1 . @entity1 completed questionnaires before and after the training course. RESULTS: A total of 2,860 @entity130 team members participated in the courses, of which 1,237 took part in the simulation. Independent of hospital size, the @entity1 reported leadership and communication to be major obstacles during their last real @entity130 team participation. Immediately after the training, all @entity1 reported highly fulfilled educational expectations and a high perception of learning, and taking part in the practical simulation improved the evaluation. Nurses scored their outcome significantly higher than physicians. @entity1 from minor hospitals reported as great a benefit from the training as personnel from major hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Local team training is a feasible approach and team simulation offers an excellent opportunity to practise demanding and infrequent challenges. The simulation format makes it possible to integrate training on interpersonal skills as well as communication and leadership under stress. Continued requests for such training in Norway support this conclusion.

title: Training multiprofessional XXXX teams in Norwegian hospitals using simple and low cost local simulations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity2523 (P.g) is the primary bacterial agent in many forms of @entity7278 . Since polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are first-line responders to P.g.- induced @entity32 , and fibrinogen is important for in vivo PMN in this disease, we have studied the effect of @entity5037 ( @entity14915 ) (an inflammatory stimulus), P.g. fimbriae and fimbrial peptides (based on FimA, the main structural protein of P.g. fimbriae) on PMN-fibrinogen interactions. Freshly isolated @entity1 PMNs were allowed to react with @entity2823 -Fibrinogen and various fimbrial peptides (denoted as FimA followed by @entity535 number within whole FimA protein), and @entity2823 -Fibrinogen binding was measured using flow cytometry. Freshly isolated neutrophils were also challenged with Fibrinogen and/or fimbrial peptides to measure IL-8 secretion using ELISA. Our studies show that fibrinogen binding to PMNs is enhanced (p < 0.01) in response to fMLP as well as fimbrial peptides (FimA 61-80) containing the motif LTTE (p < 0.01) in a dose dependent manner but not in response to peptides without that motif. We also observed that fMLP and FimA 61-80 have an additive effect on fibrinogen binding to PMNs (p < 0.05), and fMLP and FimA 171-185 significantly inhibit fMLP-induced fibrinogen binding (p < 0.01). To determine of the role of inflammatory cytokines, we examined IL-8 release from PMNs in response to combinations of @entity2523 fimbriae, fMLP and fibrinogen. In all cases, IL-8 release increased in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). fMLP-fibrinogen effect on IL-8 release from PMNs was synergistic while fimbriae-fibrinogen effect was additive. In summary, PMN priming by fimbrial peptides facilitates fibrinogen-PMN interaction and may increase @entity32 .

title: Fibrinogen-neutrophil interactions in response to fMLP and XXXX fimbrial peptides.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program (LPTP) assesses the analytical performance of all licensed laboratories in Ontario. The LPTP Enzymes, Cardiac Markers, and Lipids Committee conducted a "Patterns of Practice" survey to assess the in-house quality control (QC) practices of laboratories in Ontario using @entity165 as the QC paradigm. DESIGN AND METHODS: The survey was questionnaire-based seeking information on statistical calculations, software rules, review process and data retention, and so on. Copies of the in-house @entity165 QC graphs were requested. A total of 120 of 210 laboratories were randomly chosen to receive the questionnaires during 1995 and 1996; 115 laboratories responded, although some did not answer all questions. RESULTS: The majority calculate means and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) every month, using anywhere from 4 to >100 data points. 65% use a fixed mean and @entity5494 , while 17% use means calculated from the previous month. A few use a floating or cumulative mean. Some laboratories that do not use fixed means use a fixed @entity5494 . About 90% use some form of statistical quality control rules. The most common rules used to detect random error are 1(3s)/R4s while 2(2s)/4(1s)/10x are used for systematic errors. About 20% did not assay any QC at levels >5.5 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Quality control data are reviewed daily (technologists), weekly and monthly (supervisors/directors). Most laboratories retain their QC records for up to 3 years on paper and magnetic media. On some QC graphs the mean and @entity5494 , QC product lot number, or reference to action logs are not apparent. Quality control practices in Ontario are, therefore, disappointing. Improvement is required in the use of clinically appropriate concentrations of QC material and documentation on QC graphs.

title: An overview of quality control practices in Ontario with particular reference to XXXX analysis.

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'standard deviations']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']