abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to compare @entity410 and memory outcome in @entity1 with medically refractory mesial @entity1315 due to @entity131 (MTLE/HS) treated using an anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) or a selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SA). METHODS: Surgical outcome data were prospectively collected for 2 to 11 years in 161 consecutive @entity1 with MTLE/ HS. Eighty @entity1 underwent an ATL and 81 an SA. @entity410 control achieved with each technique was compared using the Engel classification scheme. Postoperative memory testing was performed in 86 @entity1 (53%). At the last follow up, 72% of the @entity1 who had undergone an ATL (mean follow up 6.7 years) and 71% of those who had undergone an SA (mean follow up 4.5 years) were @entity410 free (Engle Class IA). Estimated survival in @entity1 in Engel Classes I, IA, and I and II combined did not differ between the two surgical techniques. Preoperatively, 58% of the @entity1 had verbal memory scores one @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) below the normal mean. One third of the @entity1 with preoperative scores in the normal range worsened after surgery, although this outcome was not related to the surgical technique. In contrast, one third of those whose preoperative scores were less than -1 @entity5494 experienced improvement after surgery. Nine (18%) of the 50 @entity1 whose left side had been surgically treated improved their verbal memory scores by more than one @entity5494 . Seven (78%) of these nine underwent an SA (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both ATL and SA can lead to similar favorable @entity410 control in @entity1 with MTLE/HS. Preliminary data suggest that postoperative verbal memory scores may improve in @entity1 who undergo selective resection of a @entity3808 hippocampus in the dominant temporal lobe.

title: @entity410 and memory outcome following temporal lobe surgery: selective compared with nonselective approaches for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['standard deviation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to compare @entity410 and memory outcome in @entity1 with medically refractory mesial @entity1315 due to @entity131 (MTLE/HS) treated using an anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) or a selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SA). METHODS: Surgical outcome data were prospectively collected for 2 to 11 years in 161 consecutive @entity1 with MTLE/ HS. Eighty @entity1 underwent an ATL and 81 an SA. @entity410 control achieved with each technique was compared using the Engel classification scheme. Postoperative memory testing was performed in 86 @entity1 (53%). At the last follow up, 72% of the @entity1 who had undergone an ATL (mean follow up 6.7 years) and 71% of those who had undergone an SA (mean follow up 4.5 years) were @entity410 free (Engle Class IA). Estimated survival in @entity1 in Engel Classes I, IA, and I and II combined did not differ between the two surgical techniques. Preoperatively, 58% of the @entity1 had verbal memory scores one @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) below the normal mean. One third of the @entity1 with preoperative scores in the normal range worsened after surgery, although this outcome was not related to the surgical technique. In contrast, one third of those whose preoperative scores were less than -1 @entity5494 experienced improvement after surgery. Nine (18%) of the 50 @entity1 whose left side had been surgically treated improved their verbal memory scores by more than one @entity5494 . Seven (78%) of these nine underwent an SA (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both ATL and SA can lead to similar favorable @entity410 control in @entity1 with MTLE/HS. Preliminary data suggest that postoperative verbal memory scores may improve in @entity1 who undergo selective resection of a @entity3808 hippocampus in the dominant temporal lobe.

title: XXXX and memory outcome following temporal lobe surgery: selective compared with nonselective approaches for @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adipose tissue has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of various disease states, including @entity263 . We investigated the association of cytokines and growth factors secreted by periprostatic adipose tissue with pathological features of @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periprostatic adipose tissue was harvested from @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy and cultured for 24 hours to generate conditioned medium or snap frozen immediately for functional signaling profiling. Multiplex analysis of the periprostatic adipose tissue conditioned medium was used to detect cytokine levels and compared to patient matched serum from 7 @entity1 . @entity650 in serum and periprostatic adipose tissue conditioned medium was further analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with clinical variables, such as age, body mass index and Gleason score, in 45 @entity1 . @entity650 expression in periprostatic adipose tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Reverse phase protein microarray technology was used to analyze cell signaling networks in periprostatic adipose tissue. RESULTS: @entity650 in periprostatic adipose tissue conditioned medium was approximately 375 times greater than that in patient matched serum and levels correlated with pathological grade. This finding was further extended by cell signaling analysis of periprostatic adipose tissue, which showed greater phosphorylation on @entity4104 with high grade @entity5 (any component of Gleason score 4 or 5). CONCLUSIONS: Higher Gleason score correlated with high levels of conditioned medium derived @entity650 . Moreover, cell signaling analysis of periprostatic adipose tissue identified activated signaling molecules, including @entity4104 , that correlated with Gleason score. Since @entity4104 is @entity650 regulated, these findings suggest that periprostatic adipose tissue may have a role in modulating @entity263 @entity146 by serving as a source of @entity650 . Also, we found low numbers of inflammatory cells in the fat, suggesting that adipocytes are the major secretors of @entity650 .

title: Periprostatic adipose tissue as a modulator of XXXX @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-6', 'interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adipose tissue has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of various disease states, including @entity263 . We investigated the association of cytokines and growth factors secreted by periprostatic adipose tissue with pathological features of @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periprostatic adipose tissue was harvested from @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy and cultured for 24 hours to generate conditioned medium or snap frozen immediately for functional signaling profiling. Multiplex analysis of the periprostatic adipose tissue conditioned medium was used to detect cytokine levels and compared to patient matched serum from 7 @entity1 . @entity650 in serum and periprostatic adipose tissue conditioned medium was further analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with clinical variables, such as age, body mass index and Gleason score, in 45 @entity1 . @entity650 expression in periprostatic adipose tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Reverse phase protein microarray technology was used to analyze cell signaling networks in periprostatic adipose tissue. RESULTS: @entity650 in periprostatic adipose tissue conditioned medium was approximately 375 times greater than that in patient matched serum and levels correlated with pathological grade. This finding was further extended by cell signaling analysis of periprostatic adipose tissue, which showed greater phosphorylation on @entity4104 with high grade @entity5 (any component of Gleason score 4 or 5). CONCLUSIONS: Higher Gleason score correlated with high levels of conditioned medium derived @entity650 . Moreover, cell signaling analysis of periprostatic adipose tissue identified activated signaling molecules, including @entity4104 , that correlated with Gleason score. Since @entity4104 is @entity650 regulated, these findings suggest that periprostatic adipose tissue may have a role in modulating @entity263 @entity146 by serving as a source of @entity650 . Also, we found low numbers of inflammatory cells in the fat, suggesting that adipocytes are the major secretors of @entity650 .

title: Periprostatic adipose tissue as a modulator of @entity263 XXXX .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressiveness']


abstract: A clearer understanding of the various abnormalities which may develop in relation to the experimental or clinical bile @entity292 will be of value to the laboratory worker as well as to the physician and surgeon. A better comprehension of these diseased conditions will make for a saner analysis of the great mass of experimental data relating to the various types of bile @entity292 . Too frequently in the literature the bile @entity292 material is used to debate a physiological state whereas in reality the animal is in a pathological condition. It is possible but not easy to keep a bile @entity292 @entity235 in a normal state for months or years if proper attention is given to the diet and physical state. The most significant abnormalities are-intestinal disturbances, spontaneous @entity548 , @entity170 , @entity2963 and duodenal @entity1066 . Three types of bile @entity292 were used in our experiments and each one has its advantages and disadvantages. @entity8769 is best controlled by diet, by whole bile or @entity3645 or combinations of @entity235 and ox bile. Spontaneous @entity548 seems to be due to the loss of something by way of the bile and this can be prevented by bile feeding. The @entity1503 appears to be a lack of prothrombin. @entity170 appears inevitably after many months if bile is excluded from the intestine. This state is related to the lack of absorption of @entity560 . It is of some interest that liver feeding will prevent it. @entity4773 and @entity2963 are common in bile @entity292 @entity235 and absolute control or prevention is not easy. It may be restated that bile secretion into the intestine is necessary for normal health and even for actual continuation of life beyond a few months' period. Some of these experimental data should be of value to physicians and surgeons in the care and study of @entity1 @entity292 cases and should emphasize the necessity of prompt dietary control.

title: BILE FISTULAS AND RELATED ABNORMALITIES : BLEEDING, OSTEOPOROSIS, XXXX AND DUODENAL ULCERS.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal intoxication']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['CHOLELITHIASIS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3036 is a rare, frightening, and potentially tragic complication of @entity101 pregnancies, usually developing within 48 hours of delivery. @entity410 occurring days to weeks after parturition are exceedingly uncommon and require rapid, precise clinical evaluation by multiple specialists. METHODS: A case presentation of delayed @entity3036 illustrates unique features of the syndrome. Extensive review of the literature highlights pathogenesis, controversies, and dilemmas surrounding this enigmatic @entity101 . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A 39-year-old @entity101 @entity1 had an uneventful full-term delivery by her family physician only to develop @entity10 , @entity892 , and recurrent @entity410 16 days later. Initial evaluation showed severe @entity101 , @entity892 , @entity427 , @entity644 , and @entity5052 . She was given a @entity2399 infusion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) documented asymmetric ischemic foci within gray matter in the distribution of the posterior cerebral arteries. All symptoms, signs, and abnormal laboratory values resolved within 4 days. A follow-up MRI showed complete resolution of all cytotoxic cortical lesions. Based on @entity1 autopsy data, radiologic investigations, and animal studies, @entity3036 is believed to result from explosive @entity2553 , @entity409 , and cytotoxic @entity4 of cerebral cortex. This central nervous system vasculopathy is most prominent in the posterior cerebral vasculature and is often rapidly reversible. Difficulties in differential diagnosis, typical findings on neuroimaging, and urgent management strategies are discussed. The time limit for @entity3036 probably should be lengthened to 4 weeks, as indicated by our case and other clinical series.

title: Late XXXX 16 days after delivery: case report with clinical, radiologic, and pathophysiologic correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorder', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'postpartum eclampsia', 'Postpartum eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia', 'double vision']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['postpartum eclampsia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The second dorsal metacarpal artery flap from the middle finger is a reconstructive technique that can be used to repair extensive @entity154 in a normal-length thumb. However, few reports advocate using it for coverage of @entity154 . In this article, an anatomic study of 9 flaps used for resurfacing thumb defects is presented along with the clinical experience of the authors. METHODS: From 2004 to 2006, 9 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ; mean age, 33 years; range, 18-51 years) with extensive @entity154 of their normal-length thumbs had reconstruction using the described technique. In all cases, the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap technique was unable to be used because of injury. Donor sites were covered using full-thickness skin grafts. After surgery, the thumb was immobilized with a splint, followed by rehabilitation. During the follow-up period, which lasted 24 to 30 months, flap-site skin quality, @entity1159 , and finger mobility were assessed. The range of motion of the hand was measured by a goniometer. Sensibility was evaluated by the 2-point discrimination test and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. Cold intolerance was also assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 postoperative courses were uneventful, and all flaps survived completely without complication. Good coverage was obtained in all cases. Full active range of motion was observed in all @entity1 in both the donor finger and the thumb. The mean Semmes-Weinstein sensitivity and 2-point discrimination scores of the flap were 4.02 g and 8.4 mm, respectively. Mild cold intolerance was observed in all of the thumbs. CONCLUSIONS: The second dorsal metacarpal artery flap from the middle finger is a single-stage flap that produces good results. Although its pedicle length is limited, it is reliable and can be used as an alternative for reconstruction of extensive thumb-pulp defects, especially when the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap cannot be used. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Second dorsal metacarpal artery flap from the dorsum of the middle finger for coverage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['volar defects', 'volar thumb defects']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['scar contractures']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['volar thumb defect']


abstract: Aim of the study was elaboration of indications to the application of postponed percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in acute period of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity1 without prior thrombolytic therapy. We fulfilled comparative assessment of efficacy of 3 strategies of treatment of 810 @entity1 admitted to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Urgent @entity3224 from 2003 to 2007: primary PCI carried out within first 12 hours (n=32), postponed PCI in acute period because of initially elevated risk (n=90), conservative treatment without reperfusion therapy (n=688). Elevated risk of @entity204 according to TIMI score was used as the basis for establishment of indications for postponed interventions. Right ventricular involvement and repeat MI were considered as additional predictors. The data obtained indicate that elevated risk of @entity204 allows to detect @entity1 with high rate of persisting occlusions and subtotal stenoses in @entity1188 related artery. Reperfusion therapy appears to be the main component of treatment of such @entity1 . Necessity to perform primary PCI within first 12 hours does not exclude possibility of its later use in acute period of MI. Both strategies allow to substantially lower rates of complications and lethal outcomes. Shortening of terms of application of reperfusion therapy gives an opportunity to prevent most of unfavorable outcomes. Success of postponed interventions in acute period of MI opens opportunities of their active use in @entity1 from other hospitals.

title: [Early and postponed percutaneous coronary interventions in acute period of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Ml', 'myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: In this study, we present the results of surgery and chemotherapy and the impact of various prognostic factors on survival in @entity1 with @entity356 with a follow-up of 6 years. All of the 328 cases were @entity420 histologically and had a median age of 55 years. Median survival was 11 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 18%. Nonmetastatic cases were associated with improved survival as compared with the cases with @entity3 (p<0.001). @entity1 with gastrectomy had improved survival (p<0.001). Subtotal gastrectomized @entity1 had better survival rates in comparison to the total gastrectomized @entity1 (p = 0.03). Addition of splenectomy to total gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy did not influence survival rates (p>0.05). In metastatic @entity1 , we determined beneficial effects of gastrectomy and chemotherapy on survival. The benefit was most predominant in chemoresponsive @entity1 (p<0.001). Higher serum CA 19.9 levels in @entity1 without @entity3 , higher serum @entity880 dehydrogenase and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in @entity1 with @entity3 , and lower serum albumin levels in both stages were determined as significant predictors of poor survival. On multivariate analysis, only higher serum CA 19.9 level was the independent unfavorable prognostic factor of survival time in nonmetastatic @entity1 (p = 0.008). In @entity3 , older age (p = 0.03) and male gender (p = 0.05) were associated with poorer survival. In conclusion, @entity356 is a great health problem, especially in developing countries, and we need more optimal approaches and treatment modalities for @entity356 .

title: The roles of chemotherapy and surgery in XXXX and the influence of prognostic factors on survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: 1. A pure strain of fibroblasts has been isolated from the Jensen @entity35 @entity242 . The cells give rise to @entity5 on transplantation into animals and during several months of life in vitro have maintained their malignancy unchanged. 2. The malignant cells are generally coarser and more refringent than normal cells. They possess the cytological characteristics of fibroblasts without showing any morphological abnormality. They can be considered as healthy cells. The texture of their colonies is looser than that of normal fibroblasts and @entity242 No. 10 fibroblasts. Their residual activity does not differ markedly from the normal. They proliferate unlimitedly in a nutrient medium. 3. They liquefy the fibrin of @entity35 plasma and turn @entity3971 red golden yellow. They do not liquefy the fibrin of @entity1573 plasma. 4. They multiply in @entity1573 embryo juice, @entity291 liver digest, and also in rat serum. Their growth activity is increased by the presence of bone marrow. 5. The unlimited growth of @entity7579 within the body may possibly be attributed to the ability of the fibroblasts to maintain themselves upon the substances present in rat serum. This property itself probably depends upon the increased enzyme activity of the cells.

title: THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE FIBROBLAST AND THE MACROPHAGE : IV. THE MALIGNANT FIBROBLAST OF JENSEN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity7579 :: ('MESH:D012513', 'Disease') :: ['Jensen sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['SARCOMA']


abstract: @entity1821 represents a unique model insofar as some well-differentiated @entity1821 progress to non-lipogenic, so-called 'dedifferentiated,' forms. The well-differentiated and dedifferentiated family of @entity1821 demonstrates amplification of the chromosome subregion 12q13-q15 with resultant amplification of the @entity7465 and @entity8985 genes. However, the specific genetic changes that distinguish between well-differentiated and @entity1821 are less well understood. To study the genetic changes in @entity1821 , @entity5 were analyzed separately by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. A bacterial artificial chromosome array at approximately 1-Mb resolution was used. The genetic changes were compared with clinical presentation, grade of the dedifferentiated component and overexpression of @entity7465 and @entity8985 . Most @entity5 (n=21, 72%) were retroperitoneal, with both components present at initial diagnosis (n=25, 86%). @entity5 (28%) were classified as low-grade dedifferentiation. In four cases (14%), a well-differentiated @entity1821 preceded the presentation of the dedifferentiated @entity5 by 1-5 years. 12q13-q15 was amplified in all @entity5 . Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering of copy-number changes, all but two @entity5 showed close similarities between well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components, and segregated as pairs. Dedifferentiated components had more total amplifications (P=0.008) and a trend for gain at 19q13.2, but no genetic changes were significant in distinguishing between the two components. High-level amplifications of 1p21-32 (n=7, 24%), 1q21-23 (n=9, 31%), 6q23-24 (n=6, 21%) and 12q24 (n=3, 10%) were common, but none significantly correlated with differentiation. Presentation and grade correlated with the frequency of changes at a number of genetic loci (P<0.001), whereas @entity8985 immunostaining showed negative correlation with 12q13.13 amplification. The genotypic similarity, at the limit of the array's resolution, between components implies that most genetic changes precede phenotypic 'progression,' early in tumorigenesis. The relationship between genetic changes and presentation or grade may reflect differences in factors that control genomic instability or the background genotype of the @entity5 .

title: Similarity in genetic alterations between paired well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Eight tumors', 'paired well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components of 29 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['dedifferentiated liposarcomas', 'liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma', 'Liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['dedifferentiated liposarcoma']


abstract: 1. An instance of successful inoculation of @entity3328 virus after preservation for 8 years in 50 per cent @entity653 is reported. 2. The virulence of the material injected remained essentially unchanged during this period. 3. The fact that @entity3328 virus will survive in @entity653 for so great a period may be taken as further indication of the improbability of streptococci as the inciting organisms. 4. @entity3328 virus would seem to vary in its resistance to glycerolation. 5. The remarkable persistence of active virus outside of the body may have a bearing on the epidemiology of @entity3328 .

title: SURVIVAL OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS FOR EIGHT YEARS IN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['Poliomyelitis', 'poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['GLYCEROL']


abstract: AIM: To systematically review the literature and to determine the clinical performance of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for the treatment of @entity154 ( @entity154 ). METHODS: RCTs on @entity154 treatment with 12 months of follow-up were identified through electronic databases and hand-searched journals. Primary outcomes were tooth survival, clinical attachment (CAL) gain, @entity92 ( @entity92 ) reduction and @entity1464 increase (REC). Weighted means and forest plots were calculated for each outcome variable 12 months after surgery. Long-term stability was explored with RCTs of at least 24 months of follow-up. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the type of flap. RESULTS: Twenty-seven trials reporting 647 subjects and 734 defects were identified. Twelve months after @entity1104 , tooth survival was 98% (IQ: 96.77-100), CAL gain 1.65 mm (95% CI: 1.37-1.94; p < 0.0001), @entity92 reduction 2.80 mm (CI: 2.43-3.18; p < 0.0001) and REC increase 1.26 mm (CI: 0.94-1.49; p < 0.0001). Longer follow-up showed similar findings. CI of CAL gain were 1.44-3.52 for recently introduced papilla preservation flaps and 1.25-1.89 mm for access flaps. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity154 with @entity1104 is associated with high tooth retention and improvement of periodontal clinical parameters. Clinical performance may vary according to the type of surgical flap used.

title: Clinical performance of access flap surgery in the treatment of the XXXX . A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intrabony defect', 'intrabony defects', 'ID']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['conservative surgery', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['intrabony defect']


abstract: beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation was investigated in ring preparations of @entity35 isolated thoracic aorta. Rings were pre-constricted with a sub-maximal concentration of @entity1063 (1 microM) and relaxant responses to cumulative concentrations of beta-adrenoceptor agonists obtained. The concentration-response curve (CRC) to @entity3044 was shifted to the right by @entity1169 (0.3 microM) with a steepening of the slope. Estimation of the magnitude of the shift from EC(50) values gave a pA(2) of 7.6. Selective beta(1)- and @entity10341 antagonists, @entity14528 (0.1 microM) and @entity10342 (0.1 microM), respectively, produced 4 and 14 fold shifts of the @entity3044 CRC. Atypical beta-adrenoceptor agonists also produced concentration-dependent relaxation of aortic rings. The order of potency of the beta-adrenoceptor agonists was (-log EC(50)): @entity3044 (6. 25)> @entity30828 (5.59)> @entity3044 + @entity1169 (5.11)> @entity3046 (4.40)> @entity72380 (4.24)> @entity72381 (4.07)> @entity3047 (3.89). Relaxation to @entity3046 and @entity72381 was unaffected by @entity1169 (0.3 microM). SR 59230A (</=1 microM) and @entity30828 (1 microM), @entity18635 antagonists, had no effect on the @entity3044 (in the presence of @entity1169 ) or @entity3046 CRCs. @entity44487 and @entity14528 , at microM concentrations (beta(4)-adrenceptor antagonists), inhibited responses to @entity3044 (in the presence of @entity1169 ) and @entity3046 . In conclusion, atypical beta-adrenoceptors co-exist with beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors in @entity35 aorta. Although non-conventional partial agonists and selective @entity18635 agonist cause relaxation, the vascular atypical beta-adrenoceptor does not appear to correspond to the @entity18635 . There are, however, similarities with the putative beta(4)-adrenoceptor.

title: Beta 1-, beta 2- and atypical beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in XXXX isolated aorta.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity30828 :: ('MESH:C047975', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanopindolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity44487 :: ('MESH:D002046', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupranolol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity5595 (SPP) acts as a first messenger in immortalized @entity1 airway epithelial cells (CFNPE9o(-)), possibly interacting with an Edg family receptor. Expression of the SPP receptors @entity6975 and @entity15267 , as well as a low level of @entity15266 /H218, was detected in these cells, in agreement with their ability to specifically bind SPP. The related lipids, @entity4990 and @entity4993 , were unable to displace SPP from its high affinity binding sites, suggesting that the biological responses to these different lysolipids are mediated by distinct receptors. SPP markedly inhibited @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 accumulation in a dose-dependent manner and caused a remarkable elevation of intracellular @entity460 , both effects being sensitive to pertussis toxin treatment. Most importantly, SPP stimulated @entity8558 formation, which was maximal after 2 min and decreased within 8-10 min. In the presence of @entity32361 , suppression of SPP-induced @entity8558 formation and production of @entity62126 were found, clearly indicating activation of @entity16091 ( @entity16091 ). This finding was also confirmed by analysis of the @entity844 composition of @entity8558 , showing an increase in the monounsaturated @entity3952 only. The decrease of @entity8558 level after 8-10 min incubation with SPP was accompanied by a parallel increase of @entity2366 production, which was abolished in the presence of @entity32361 . This result indicates that activation of @entity16091 is followed by stimulation of @entity8435 phosphohydrolase activity. @entity8558 formation was insensitive to protein kinase C inhibitors and almost completely inhibited by pertussis toxin treatment, suggesting that SPP activates @entity16091 via a G(i/o) protein-coupled receptor.

title: @entity5595 activates XXXX in @entity1 airway epithelial cells via a G protein-coupled receptor.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity8435 :: ('CHEBI:16337', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidate']

entities_list: @entity4993 :: ('MESH:C005356', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosylphosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidic acid', 'phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity62126 :: ('MESH:C068564', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylbutanol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['Sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity16091 :: (2822,Gene) :: ['phospholipase D']


abstract: @entity5595 (SPP) acts as a first messenger in immortalized @entity1 airway epithelial cells (CFNPE9o(-)), possibly interacting with an Edg family receptor. Expression of the SPP receptors @entity6975 and @entity15267 , as well as a low level of @entity15266 /H218, was detected in these cells, in agreement with their ability to specifically bind SPP. The related lipids, @entity4990 and @entity4993 , were unable to displace SPP from its high affinity binding sites, suggesting that the biological responses to these different lysolipids are mediated by distinct receptors. SPP markedly inhibited @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 accumulation in a dose-dependent manner and caused a remarkable elevation of intracellular @entity460 , both effects being sensitive to pertussis toxin treatment. Most importantly, SPP stimulated @entity8558 formation, which was maximal after 2 min and decreased within 8-10 min. In the presence of @entity32361 , suppression of SPP-induced @entity8558 formation and production of @entity62126 were found, clearly indicating activation of @entity16091 ( @entity16091 ). This finding was also confirmed by analysis of the @entity844 composition of @entity8558 , showing an increase in the monounsaturated @entity3952 only. The decrease of @entity8558 level after 8-10 min incubation with SPP was accompanied by a parallel increase of @entity2366 production, which was abolished in the presence of @entity32361 . This result indicates that activation of @entity16091 is followed by stimulation of @entity8435 phosphohydrolase activity. @entity8558 formation was insensitive to protein kinase C inhibitors and almost completely inhibited by pertussis toxin treatment, suggesting that SPP activates @entity16091 via a G(i/o) protein-coupled receptor.

title: XXXX activates @entity16091 in @entity1 airway epithelial cells via a G protein-coupled receptor.

answer: @entity5595 :: (MESH:C060506,Chemical) :: ['Sphingosine-1-phosphate']


abstract: @entity5595 (SPP) acts as a first messenger in immortalized @entity1 airway epithelial cells (CFNPE9o(-)), possibly interacting with an Edg family receptor. Expression of the SPP receptors @entity6975 and @entity15267 , as well as a low level of @entity15266 /H218, was detected in these cells, in agreement with their ability to specifically bind SPP. The related lipids, @entity4990 and @entity4993 , were unable to displace SPP from its high affinity binding sites, suggesting that the biological responses to these different lysolipids are mediated by distinct receptors. SPP markedly inhibited @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 accumulation in a dose-dependent manner and caused a remarkable elevation of intracellular @entity460 , both effects being sensitive to pertussis toxin treatment. Most importantly, SPP stimulated @entity8558 formation, which was maximal after 2 min and decreased within 8-10 min. In the presence of @entity32361 , suppression of SPP-induced @entity8558 formation and production of @entity62126 were found, clearly indicating activation of @entity16091 ( @entity16091 ). This finding was also confirmed by analysis of the @entity844 composition of @entity8558 , showing an increase in the monounsaturated @entity3952 only. The decrease of @entity8558 level after 8-10 min incubation with SPP was accompanied by a parallel increase of @entity2366 production, which was abolished in the presence of @entity32361 . This result indicates that activation of @entity16091 is followed by stimulation of @entity8435 phosphohydrolase activity. @entity8558 formation was insensitive to protein kinase C inhibitors and almost completely inhibited by pertussis toxin treatment, suggesting that SPP activates @entity16091 via a G(i/o) protein-coupled receptor.

title: @entity5595 activates @entity16091 in XXXX airway epithelial cells via a G protein-coupled receptor.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity3151 requirements for dairy heifers (0.20-0.35%) and endogenous concentrations (0.20-35%) of P in feeds fed to dairy heifers are similar, suggesting that the need for supplemental P in dairy heifer diets may be minimal. Because long-term P feeding studies on dairy heifers are unavailable, 183 Holstein heifers and 182 backcross Holstein   Jersey heifers were offered diets with (SP=0.40% of dry matter) and without (NP=0.30% of dry matter) supplemental P from 4 to 22 mo of age in a replicated pen design. Forty-eight pens of 8 heifers each were split evenly by breed and treatment group. Heifers were evaluated for body weight (BW), external bone/frame growth, @entity1266 , @entity291 BW, reproductive efficiency, and first-lactation performance. Growth phase data were analyzed using pen-based statistical models, and lactation data were analyzed using mixed linear models with effects of season of birth, age of dam, heifer pen, sire, sire birth year, and days in milk. Heifers fed NP had similar average daily gain from 170 to 410 and from 410 to 650 d of age compared with heifers fed SP. At 22 mo of age, heifers fed NP did not differ in BW, hip height, hip width, body length, heart girth, cannon bone circumference, or pelvic area compared with heifers fed SP. Blood P concentrations between heifers fed SP or NP did not differ at 8 or 18 mo of age, and heifers fed SP excreted more P (29.2 vs. 24.2g/d) than heifers fed NP. As heifers, services per conception and age at pregnancy were not different between heifers fed NP or SP. At parturition, heifers fed NP or SP had similar @entity1266 scores and @entity291 were similar in BW. Complete first-lactation data (305 d) were available for 333 primiparous @entity291 , and @entity291 fed NP as heifers produced similar milk, fat, and protein compared with @entity291 fed SP as heifers. Days open, days in milk at first breeding, and services per conception also were similar for primiparous @entity291 fed NP or SP as heifers. No growth, reproductive, or lactation benefit was found by feeding dairy heifers diets containing 0.40% P compared with 0.30% P. Furthermore, P supplemented to SP heifers was simply excreted in the feces and not retained.

title: The effect of feeding dairy heifers diets with and without supplemental XXXX on growth, reproductive efficiency, health, and lactation performance.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: @entity64 continues to represent the leading cause of long term disability despite positive achievements in the last few years. An estimated 50 million @entity64 survivors world wide currently cope with significant physical, cognitive, and @entity51 , and 25% to 74% of these survivors will require some assistance or are fully dependent on caregivers for activities of daily living. The interdisciplinary team approach, with the nurse playing the central role, is important across the continuum of care. Families must cope with the impact of stoke on their daily lives once the acute phase of @entity64 care is over. Studies have shown personal and environmental factors influence outcomes after @entity64 . @entity1 and family education during the acute phase of @entity64 care is vitally important. There is also a need to educate nursing and other members of the interdisciplinary team about the potential for recovery in the later or more chronic phases of @entity64 care. The goal of hospitals seeking and obtaining certification as a Primary @entity64 Center is to provide the best possible outcomes for @entity1 suffering a @entity64 . An organized evidence-based approach to each aspect of @entity64 care contributes to the quality of the outcomes and requires an infrastructure that the organized center can provide. @entity64 is a complex disease process that requires the skills of an interdisciplinary team. Prevention of medical complications and @entity16 is key in managing @entity1 with acute @entity385 . The use of clinical pathways and physician standing orders helps to guide the team in managing the care of @entity64 @entity1 in the acute phase of care. Traditionally the role of educating @entity1 and families about the modifiable and treatable risk factors, and the nonmodifiable risk factors for @entity64 has been a nursing responsibility. Because @entity1 education is a performance standard for primary @entity64 centers, nurses must be well informed regarding evidence-based practices associated with effective lifestyle modification strategies for a diverse population.

title: Comprehensive care of adults with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['emotional deficits']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of speckle tracking in the assessment of @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) deformation dynamics has not been established yet. The reference ranges of @entity4032 @entity6475 indices were measured by speckle tracking in a population of normal subjects. METHODS: In 84 healthy individuals, peak @entity6475 (PALS), peak atrial contraction strain (PACS), and time to peak @entity6475 (TPLS) were measured using a six-segment model for the @entity4032 . Strain rate (SR) was also measured starting from the QRS-wave onset, peak positive (x-wave), first peak negative (y-wave), and second negative peak (z-wave). The time from the QRS onset was measured to each wave peak. RESULTS: Adequate tracking quality was achieved in 64% of segments analyzed. Inter- and intraobserver variability coefficients of measurements ranged between 6% and 11%. Global PALS was 49    13%, global TPLS was 363    59 msec, x-wave was 2.12    0.58 @entity8639 ) , y-wave was -1.91    0.63 @entity8639 ) , and z-wave was -2.18    0.78 @entity8639 ) . CONCLUSION: Speckle tracking is a feasible technique for the assessment of longitudinal myocardial @entity85 . Reference ranges of strain indices were reported.

title: Reference values of right XXXX imaging by two-dimensional speckle tracking.

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'right atrial']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal strain', 'atrial longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['RA deformation']

answer: @entity6475 :: (MESH:D013180,Disease) :: ['atrial longitudinal strain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric pneumococcal parapneumonic @entity3509 ( @entity15978 ) has become increasingly common. In the last decade, Utah has had one of the highest rates of @entity15978 in the United States, 14/100,000 @entity1 , attributed primarily to @entity328 serotype 1. Our objective was to describe the temporal trends in @entity15978 in Utah before and after the availability of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 -7). METHODS: The Intermountain Health Care (IHC) data warehouse was queried for all cases of @entity3509 in @entity1 younger than 18 years, defined as International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification code 510.9, for the study period March 1996-June 2005. We also retrieved and serotyped all blood and pleural fluid isolates of @entity2260 from @entity1 younger than 18 years with a diagnosis of @entity15978 at Primary @entity1 's Medical Center (PCMC) between March 1996 and June 2005. The pre- @entity1485 -7 period (PRE) included 57 months (March 1996-December 2000) and the post- @entity1485 -7 period (POST) included 54 months (January 2001-June 2005). RESULTS: We identified 776 cases of pediatric @entity3509 in the IHC system, and 478 (62%) were managed at PCMC. In the years 1996-2000, we managed a mean of 38 cases of @entity3509 per year compared with 71.5 cases per year between 2001 and 2004 (P = 0.006). At PCMC, there were 295 cases of invasive @entity66 (IPD), and 74 (25%) were @entity15978 . During the PRE period, @entity15978 represented 24 of 137 (17.5%) cases of IPD compared with 50 of 158 (32%) in the POST period (P = 0.008). One-half of the @entity1 with @entity15978 required intensive care and 4 died. During the PRE and POST periods, @entity15978 was most often caused by serotype 1 (46 and 34%, respectively), but in the POST period serogroups 3 (20%), and @entity5686 (14%) were also prevalent. @entity15978 in @entity1485 -7-immunized @entity1 was caused exclusively by nonvaccine serotypes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15978 in the post- @entity1485 -7 era is more common, representing one-third of the IPD in @entity1 in UT. @entity15978 is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Serotype 1 remains the most common cause of @entity15978 , but serotypes 3 and @entity5686 are emerging.

title: Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal parapneumonic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for @entity731 . However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied whether hyperfibrinogenemia could modify the histological composition of @entity731 and precipitate @entity715 resulting from @entity397 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the histological composition of 71 carotid @entity731 plaques from @entity1 who had undergone surgical endarterectomy after a first episode of transient @entity63 attack. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the tertiles of plasma @entity2002 values. @entity1007 , @entity2298 , @entity101 , @entity6 , and smoking habit were also assessed. At the histological analysis, plaques of @entity1 in the highest tertile of @entity2002 (>407 mg/dL) were characterized by a high incidence of @entity715 (66.7% of cases) compared with plaques of subjects in the lower (21.7%) (P=0.002) and middle (29. 2%) (P=0.009) tertiles. @entity397 was significantly associated with high @entity2002 levels (54.2%, P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hyperfibrinogenemia was an independent risk factor for a decrease in cap thickness (P=0.0005), macrophage foam cell infiltration of the cap (P=0.003), and @entity715 (P=0. 003). When the presence of other risk factors was accounted for, hyperfibrinogenemia remained an independent predictor of @entity715 with an odds ratio of 5.83, compared with other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study add to the evidence that hyperfibrinogenemia, independently of other risk factors, is associated with a specific histological composition of carotid @entity731 plaques that predisposes them to rupture and @entity715 .

title: Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with specific histocytological composition and complications of XXXX carotid plaques in @entity1 affected by transient @entity63 attacks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the plaque', 'Plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'cerebrovascular atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['carotid thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for @entity731 . However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied whether hyperfibrinogenemia could modify the histological composition of @entity731 and precipitate @entity715 resulting from @entity397 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the histological composition of 71 carotid @entity731 plaques from @entity1 who had undergone surgical endarterectomy after a first episode of transient @entity63 attack. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the tertiles of plasma @entity2002 values. @entity1007 , @entity2298 , @entity101 , @entity6 , and smoking habit were also assessed. At the histological analysis, plaques of @entity1 in the highest tertile of @entity2002 (>407 mg/dL) were characterized by a high incidence of @entity715 (66.7% of cases) compared with plaques of subjects in the lower (21.7%) (P=0.002) and middle (29. 2%) (P=0.009) tertiles. @entity397 was significantly associated with high @entity2002 levels (54.2%, P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hyperfibrinogenemia was an independent risk factor for a decrease in cap thickness (P=0.0005), macrophage foam cell infiltration of the cap (P=0.003), and @entity715 (P=0. 003). When the presence of other risk factors was accounted for, hyperfibrinogenemia remained an independent predictor of @entity715 with an odds ratio of 5.83, compared with other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study add to the evidence that hyperfibrinogenemia, independently of other risk factors, is associated with a specific histological composition of carotid @entity731 plaques that predisposes them to rupture and @entity715 .

title: Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with specific histocytological composition and complications of @entity731 carotid plaques in @entity1 affected by transient XXXX attacks.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for @entity731 . However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied whether hyperfibrinogenemia could modify the histological composition of @entity731 and precipitate @entity715 resulting from @entity397 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the histological composition of 71 carotid @entity731 plaques from @entity1 who had undergone surgical endarterectomy after a first episode of transient @entity63 attack. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the tertiles of plasma @entity2002 values. @entity1007 , @entity2298 , @entity101 , @entity6 , and smoking habit were also assessed. At the histological analysis, plaques of @entity1 in the highest tertile of @entity2002 (>407 mg/dL) were characterized by a high incidence of @entity715 (66.7% of cases) compared with plaques of subjects in the lower (21.7%) (P=0.002) and middle (29. 2%) (P=0.009) tertiles. @entity397 was significantly associated with high @entity2002 levels (54.2%, P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hyperfibrinogenemia was an independent risk factor for a decrease in cap thickness (P=0.0005), macrophage foam cell infiltration of the cap (P=0.003), and @entity715 (P=0. 003). When the presence of other risk factors was accounted for, hyperfibrinogenemia remained an independent predictor of @entity715 with an odds ratio of 5.83, compared with other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study add to the evidence that hyperfibrinogenemia, independently of other risk factors, is associated with a specific histological composition of carotid @entity731 plaques that predisposes them to rupture and @entity715 .

title: Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with specific histocytological composition and complications of @entity731 carotid plaques in XXXX affected by transient @entity63 attacks.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the protective effect of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) on the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) after ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and cultivated into DCs with cytokines, such as @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity3646 . DCs were harvested after cultivation for 7 days and subjected to irradiation with different dosages of UVB. Then, 200 microg/mL of @entity3090 was added in certain groups 24 h before irradiation. DCs simply treated with UVB or treated with both UVB and @entity3090 were co-cultured with lymphocytes, and Mono-nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity ( @entity98 ) assay was used to detect the ability of DCs to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes. Surface markers @entity7938 , @entity2937 , human @entity4107 (HLA-DR), and @entity2936 were detected using flow cytometry, and the levels of @entity688 and IL-12 secreted from DCs 24 h after cultivation were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: UVB irradiation was able to inhibit the ability of DCs to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes and surface expressions of @entity7938 , @entity2937 , HLA-DR, and @entity2936 on DCs in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of DCs was improved to some extent after treatment with 200 microg/mL of @entity3090 . UVB showed no significant influence on the secretion of @entity688 and IL-12 from DCs, while @entity3090 was able to down-regulate the secretion level of IL-12 and up-regulate that of @entity688 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3090 can antagonize the inhibitory effect on DCs induced by UVB irradiation. This function has some relationship with its protecting effect of the expression of the costimulating molecules on the surface of DCs and the secretion level of @entity688 and IL-12.

title: Protective effect of XXXX on the immune function of dendritic cells after ultraviolet B irradiation.

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen(locus)-DR']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A proportion of @entity1 with mental health problems require longer term care in a @entity146 or social care institution. However, there are no internationally agreed quality standards for institutional care and no method to assess common care standards across countries. We aimed to identify the key components of institutional care for @entity1 with longer term mental health problems and the effectiveness of these components. METHODS: We undertook a systematic review of the literature using comprehensive search terms in 11 electronic databases and identified 12,182 titles. We viewed 550 abstracts, reviewed 223 papers and included 110 of these. A "critical interpretative synthesis" of the evidence was used to identify domains of institutional care that are key to service users' recovery. RESULTS: We identified eight domains of institutional care that were key to service users' recovery: living conditions; interventions for @entity161 ; physical health; restraint and seclusion; staff training and support; therapeutic relationship; autonomy and service user involvement; and clinical governance. Evidence was strongest for specific interventions for the treatment of @entity161 ( @entity4310 , cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and vocational rehabilitation). CONCLUSION: Institutions should, ideally, be community based, operate a flexible regime, maintain a low density of residents and maximise residents' privacy. For service users with a diagnosis of @entity161 , specific interventions (CBT, family interventions involving psychoeducation, and supported employment) should be provided through integrated programmes. Restraint and seclusion should be avoided wherever possible and staff should have adequate training in de-escalation techniques. Regular staff supervision should be provided and this should support service user involvement in decision making and positive therapeutic relationships between staff and service users. There should be clear lines of clinical governance that ensure adherence to evidence-based guidelines and attention should be paid to service users' physical health through regular screening.

title: A systematic review of the international published literature relating to quality of institutional care for XXXX with longer term mental health problems.

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['family psychoeducation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many @entity1 with @entity161 have severe @entity73 that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help @entity1 cope with the effects of their @entity73 . In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of @entity851 ( @entity851 ) text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity73 in @entity161 in daily life. DESIGN: A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: @entity1 were quasi-randomly assigned to an A-B-A (baseline-intervention-follow-up) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome. METHOD: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity161 or related @entity914 were included in the study. All @entity1 showed impaired goal-directed behaviour in daily life-situations. @entity1 were prompted with @entity851 text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved. RESULTS: The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the @entity1 enjoyed receiving the @entity851 text messages. DISCUSSION: Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.

title: The efficacy of XXXX text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity73 in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['SMS']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many @entity1 with @entity161 have severe @entity73 that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help @entity1 cope with the effects of their @entity73 . In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of @entity851 ( @entity851 ) text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity73 in @entity161 in daily life. DESIGN: A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: @entity1 were quasi-randomly assigned to an A-B-A (baseline-intervention-follow-up) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome. METHOD: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity161 or related @entity914 were included in the study. All @entity1 showed impaired goal-directed behaviour in daily life-situations. @entity1 were prompted with @entity851 text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved. RESULTS: The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the @entity1 enjoyed receiving the @entity851 text messages. DISCUSSION: Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.

title: The efficacy of @entity851 text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity73 in XXXX .

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many @entity1 with @entity161 have severe @entity73 that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help @entity1 cope with the effects of their @entity73 . In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of @entity851 ( @entity851 ) text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity73 in @entity161 in daily life. DESIGN: A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: @entity1 were quasi-randomly assigned to an A-B-A (baseline-intervention-follow-up) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome. METHOD: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity161 or related @entity914 were included in the study. All @entity1 showed impaired goal-directed behaviour in daily life-situations. @entity1 were prompted with @entity851 text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved. RESULTS: The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the @entity1 enjoyed receiving the @entity851 text messages. DISCUSSION: Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.

title: The efficacy of @entity851 text messages to compensate for the effects of XXXX in @entity161 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairments']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of @entity6426 in @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective @entity6426 in the two syndromes. METHODS: 85 @entity1279 and 133 @entity5550 @entity1 were studied. Objective and subjective @entity6426 , and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 showed different emotions associated with @entity6426 : anger/frustration for @entity1279 and @entity308 for @entity5550 @entity1 . Objective @entity6426 frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in @entity1279 @entity1 , and with lower emotional eating and @entity308 in @entity5550 @entity1 . Lower subjective @entity6426 frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 . Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for @entity1279 @entity1 , and lower @entity308 and emotional eating for @entity5550 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Eating psychopathology, @entity146 comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective @entity6426 in @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 , and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective @entity6426 deserves an accurate assessment.

title: Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective @entity6426 in @entity1279 and XXXX : a three-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating episodes', 'binge eating']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity5550 :: (MESH:D056912,Disease) :: ['binge eating disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of @entity6426 in @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective @entity6426 in the two syndromes. METHODS: 85 @entity1279 and 133 @entity5550 @entity1 were studied. Objective and subjective @entity6426 , and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 showed different emotions associated with @entity6426 : anger/frustration for @entity1279 and @entity308 for @entity5550 @entity1 . Objective @entity6426 frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in @entity1279 @entity1 , and with lower emotional eating and @entity308 in @entity5550 @entity1 . Lower subjective @entity6426 frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 . Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for @entity1279 @entity1 , and lower @entity308 and emotional eating for @entity5550 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Eating psychopathology, @entity146 comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective @entity6426 in @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 , and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective @entity6426 deserves an accurate assessment.

title: Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective XXXX in @entity1279 and @entity5550 : a three-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity6426 :: (MESH:D002032,Disease) :: ['binge eating']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of @entity6426 in @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective @entity6426 in the two syndromes. METHODS: 85 @entity1279 and 133 @entity5550 @entity1 were studied. Objective and subjective @entity6426 , and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 showed different emotions associated with @entity6426 : anger/frustration for @entity1279 and @entity308 for @entity5550 @entity1 . Objective @entity6426 frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in @entity1279 @entity1 , and with lower emotional eating and @entity308 in @entity5550 @entity1 . Lower subjective @entity6426 frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 . Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for @entity1279 @entity1 , and lower @entity308 and emotional eating for @entity5550 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Eating psychopathology, @entity146 comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective @entity6426 in @entity1279 and @entity5550 @entity1 , and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective @entity6426 deserves an accurate assessment.

title: Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective @entity6426 in XXXX and @entity5550 : a three-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: 1. The full number of erythroid cells in the blood stream of the @entity95 is reached by the 3rd week of life. 2. During this period, there is a predominance of erythrogenesis in the bone marrow. 3. During the 2nd week of life the bone marrow is in a state of @entity1373 owing to the needs of the body for blood and the small space available for the marrow. 4. This @entity1373 is reduced as the growth of the bone permits the marrow to spread. The control of the growth of the bones has an important bearing on hematopoiesis. 5. During the first 3 weeks of life, the chemical factors for the multiplication of red cells as well as for the elaboration of hemoglobin become available. 6. The amount of hemoglobin does not increase as rapidly as the number of cells, so that the @entity17443 of the fetus becomes reduced. The proportion of hemoglobin per red cell characteristic of the adult @entity95 is reached by the 3rd month. 7. Further evidence on the intravascular origin of red blood cells is given. 8. The development of all of the white blood cells, with the exception of the monocyte, goes on at a slower rate than that of the red cells. 9. The monocytes reach their full number in the blood stream in the 1st week of life; granulocytes and lymphocytes by the 5th and 6th months. 10. Each of the three strains of white cells has a different rate of development. 11. The question as to whether the stem cell or primitive cell is identical with the lymphocyte is discussed.

title: CHANGES IN THE BONE MARROW AND BLOOD CELLS OF DEVELOPING XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17443 :: ('MESH:D000748', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['RABBITS']


abstract: AIMS: Anopexy allows treatment of @entity6713 with a less @entity282 . This information is important for the @entity1 , but may lead to dissatisfaction if @entity158 level is higher than expected. To evaluate perceived @entity158 and physical limitation levels in relation to @entity1 's expectation. Evaluate long-term functional results. RESULTS: Sixty-eight consecutive @entity1 (56 males) were prospectively included. Distribution of haemorrhoid grades were 4 grade 2 (6%), 52 grade 3 (76%) and 12 grade 4 (18%). @entity282 level was less or equal than expected for 85% of @entity1 , with a better acceptance superior to 45 years. Physical limitation was equally or less important than expected for 89%. At the 32 weeks follow-up @entity6713 were present in 23%, uninfluenced by any @entity1 's or operative characteristics. Incontinence with urgency was reported by 17%. Presence of an alliterated continence was linked to stapled line inferior to 6,5 mm from pectineate line, doughnut height inferior to 22 mm, external @entity6713 and related to surgeon. CONCLUSION: Pragmatic information, although vague, about @entity282 does not expose to @entity1 's dissatisfaction. Functional results are not influenced by technical variation. Continence alterations are not severe, but frequent when stapled line is too close from pectineate line.

title: [ XXXX and long-term results after hemorrhoidal treatment with anopexy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['painful postoperative course', 'postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal symptoms', 'hemorrhoids']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individual clinical trials have demonstrated benefits of @entity8124 in @entity1 with severe @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Data were pooled from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of @entity8124 for severe @entity195 to further evaluate treatment effects and overall tolerability/safety. METHODS: Total scores and sub-scores were analyzed for measures of cognition, global function, function, and behavior. Additional analyses were performed to investigate (1) relationships between cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes, and (2) patterns of combined domain response. RESULTS: Using pooled total scores, significant treatment differences at endpoint in favor of @entity8124 were observed for cognition, global function (both p < 0.0001), and function (p = 0.03), with an effect size (Cohen's d) of 0.51, 0.26, and 0.17, respectively. There was no significant treatment difference for behavior. However, @entity8124 -treated @entity1 with stabilized/improved cognition tended to show significant improvements in function and behavior over placebo-treated @entity1 . @entity1 treated with @entity8124 were 2-3 times more likely to achieve a combined domain response than placebo-treated @entity1 (p < 0.0001). Adverse events were as expected for cholinergic therapy, and mortality rates were similar between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest measurable @entity8124 -mediated symptomatic benefits in cognition, global function, and daily living activities in @entity1 with severe @entity195 . The treatment effects support the importance of cholinesterase inhibition as a clinically relevant therapeutic option across the spectrum of @entity195 .

title: XXXX treatment in severe @entity195 : a pooled analysis of three clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['Donepezil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individual clinical trials have demonstrated benefits of @entity8124 in @entity1 with severe @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Data were pooled from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of @entity8124 for severe @entity195 to further evaluate treatment effects and overall tolerability/safety. METHODS: Total scores and sub-scores were analyzed for measures of cognition, global function, function, and behavior. Additional analyses were performed to investigate (1) relationships between cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes, and (2) patterns of combined domain response. RESULTS: Using pooled total scores, significant treatment differences at endpoint in favor of @entity8124 were observed for cognition, global function (both p < 0.0001), and function (p = 0.03), with an effect size (Cohen's d) of 0.51, 0.26, and 0.17, respectively. There was no significant treatment difference for behavior. However, @entity8124 -treated @entity1 with stabilized/improved cognition tended to show significant improvements in function and behavior over placebo-treated @entity1 . @entity1 treated with @entity8124 were 2-3 times more likely to achieve a combined domain response than placebo-treated @entity1 (p < 0.0001). Adverse events were as expected for cholinergic therapy, and mortality rates were similar between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest measurable @entity8124 -mediated symptomatic benefits in cognition, global function, and daily living activities in @entity1 with severe @entity195 . The treatment effects support the importance of cholinesterase inhibition as a clinically relevant therapeutic option across the spectrum of @entity195 .

title: @entity8124 treatment in severe XXXX : a pooled analysis of three clinical trials.

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The "warts" which tar elicits on @entity95 skin ( @entity1185 , carcinomatoids, frill horns) are true @entity5 , benign growths expressive of slight yet irreversible deviations of epidermal cells from the normal. The neoplastic condition gives the cells a superiority over their neighbors when both are submitted to the same encouraging influences, and then they proliferate into @entity5 . Their state entails such disabilities, though, that they are unable to maintain themselves under ordinary circumstances, and consequently growths composed of them disappear when no longer aided. Often the neoplastic cells resume the normal aspect and habit of life long before the @entity5 mass is gone; and they may persist as part of an apparently normal epidermis, retaining their neoplastic potentialities for months after all signs of the growth have disappeared. In these instances it can be made to appear again, sometimes repeatedly, by non-carcinogenic stimulation of the skin (wound healing, turpentining). There is reason however to suppose that in the end the @entity5 cells, unless helped, die or are cast off. It is plain that the neoplastic state does not necessarily connote independence of behavior or success in @entity5 formation. On the contrary it may render cells unable to survive or endow them with powers which they can exert only under favoring conditions. This is the case with the cells composing the tar warts of @entity95 . In the lack of such conditions the cells of these growths do not manifest themselves but remain in a subthreshold neoplastic state, whereas if aided they form @entity5 . The deviations from the normal represented by the @entity5 of @entity95 are slight and limited in character, but further deviations in larger variety may be superimposed upon them, with result in @entity5 , growths possessed of a greater, though not always absolute, independence. @entity5 usually come about in this way, by successive, step-like deviations from the normal, and so also do the @entity5 which derive from virus-induced @entity1185 as well as many @entity1 @entity189 . After cells have become cancerous they frequently undergo further changes, some apparently step-like in character, and all taking the direction of greater malignancy. The hypotheses that @entity5 are due to somatic mutations and to viruses respectively are discussed in the light of these phenomena.

title: CONDITIONAL NEOPLASMS AND SUBTHRESHOLD NEOPLASTIC STATES : A STUDY OF THE TAR TUMORS OF XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tar cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'cancers', 'benign tar tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['RABBITS']


abstract: This study investigated the feasibility of administering motor assessments, delivering rehabilitation via parent-led activities, and enhancing motor function in @entity1 with complex @entity4297 . Gross and fine motor development were evaluated in 20 toddlers ages 12 to 26  months after either a superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) procedure or an arterial switch operation (ASO) using the Peabody developmental scale, version 2 (PDMS-2). Feasibility of assessment and program delivery were examined using open-ended interviews with parents. The ASO group scored consistently higher than the SCPC group in every subscore of the PDMS-2 (ASO gross motor quotient, 96.78      7.396 vs SCPC gross motor quotient, 77.56      7.715 [P  <  0.001]; ASO fine motor quotient, 101.20      6.512 versus SCPC fine motor quotient, 87.70      9.945 [P  =  0.002]; ASO total motor quotient, 98.78      6.515 versus SCPC total motor quotient, 79.56      8.095 [P  <  0.001]). A lower total motor quotient was associated with the use of anticoagulant medication (-20.3      4.6; P  <  0.001), longer and more frequent hospital stays (respectively, -3.6      1 .4; P  =  0.01 and -0.8      0.4; P  =  0.02), and shorter times between the most recent surgery and the assessment date (2.1      0.5; P  <  0.001). Age-standardized scores were constant between baseline and follow-up evaluation (baseline gross motor quotient, 87      12 vs. post-intervention gross motor quotient, 88      15 [P  =  0.89]; baseline fine motor quotient, 94      11 vs. post-intervention fine motor quotient, 94      12 [P  =  0.55]; baseline total motor quotient, 89      12 vs. post-intervention total motor quotient, 90      14 [P  =  0.89]), indicating achievement of the expected rate of development. The most common barrier to home activity completion was illness in the SCPC group and lack of interest in the ASO group. Providing enjoyable activities and incorporating the activities into the @entity1 ' schedules were keys to compliance. All the @entity1 were able to complete the assessments, and the parents reported a positive impact of the intervention on family life. @entity1 who have had the SCPC procedure experience significant motor delays early in life. However, toddlers after ASO have @entity1957 . Completion of the rehabilitation program enables post-SCPC @entity1 to increase their rate of development to age-appropriate norms.

title: Feasibility of improving the motor development of toddlers with XXXX using a home-based intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['age-appropriate motor skills']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are immediately disabling, costly, take a significant amount of time to rehabilitate, and are associated with an increased risk of developing posttraumatic @entity626 . Specific multiplanar movement patterns of the lower extremity, such as those associated with the drop vertical jump (DVJ) test, have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of suffering noncontact @entity130 . The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) has been developed as a tool that can be applied to identify individuals who display at-risk movement patterns during the DVJ. HYPOTHESIS: An increase in LESS score is associated with an increased risk of noncontact @entity130 . STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Over a 3-year interval, 5047 high school and college @entity1 performed preseason DVJ tests that were recorded using commercial video cameras. All @entity1 were followed for @entity130 during their sports season, and video data from injured @entity1 and matched controls were then assessed with the LESS. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between LESS score and @entity130 risk in all @entity1 as well as subgroups of female, male, high school, and college @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no relationship between the risk of suffering @entity130 and LESS score whether measured as a continuous or a categorical variable. This was the case for all @entity1 combined (odds ratio, 1.04 per unit increase in LESS score; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.35) as well as within each subgroup (odds ratio range, 0.99-1.14). CONCLUSION: The LESS did not predict @entity130 in our cohort of high school and college athletes.

title: A prospective evaluation of the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) as a screening tool for anterior cruciate XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury', 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injury']


abstract: The 5'-region of @entity415 virus X ( @entity41058 ) RNA, which contains an AC-rich, single-stranded region and stem-loop structure 1 (SL1), affects RNA replication and assembly. Using Systemic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrate that SL1 interacts specifically with @entity286 protoplast protein extracts (S100). The 36 @entity2036 that correspond to the top region of SL1, which comprises stem C, loop C, stem D, and the tetra loop (TL), were randomized and bound to the S100. Remarkably, the wild-type (wt) sequence was selected in the second round, and the number of wt sequences increased as selection proceeded. All of the selected clones from the fifth round contained the wt sequence. Secondary structure predictions (mFOLD) of the recovered sequences revealed relatively stable stem-loop structures that resembled SL1, although the @entity377 sequences therein were different. Moreover, many of the clones selected in the fourth round conserved the TL and C-C mismatch, which suggests the importance of these elements in host protein binding. The SELEX clone that closely resembled the wt SL1 structure with the TL and C-C mismatch was able to replicate and cause systemic symptoms in plants, while most of the other winners replicated poorly only on inoculated leaves. The RNA replication level on protoplasts was also similarly affected. Taken together, these results indicate that the SL1 of @entity41058 interacts with host protein(s) that play important roles related to virus replication.

title: The SL1 stem-loop structure at the 5'-end of XXXX virus X RNA is required for efficient binding to host proteins and for viral infectivity.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: The cell nucleus contains two closely related structures, Cajal bodies (CBs) and gems. CBs are the first site of accumulation of newly assembled splicing snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) following their import into the nucleus, before they form their steady-state localization in nuclear splicing speckles. Gems are the nuclear site of accumulation of survival motor neurons (SMNs), an insufficiency of which leads to the @entity14827 , @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ). @entity28552 is required in the cytoplasm for the addition of core, Sm, proteins to new snRNPs and is believed to accompany snRNPs to the CB. In most cell lines, gems are indistinguishable from CBs, although the structures are often separate in vivo. The relationship between CBs and gems is not fully understood, but there is evidence that symmetrical dimethylation of @entity369 residues in the CB protein coilin brings them together in HeLa cells. During neuronal differentiation of the @entity1 @entity521 cell line SH-SY5Y, CBs and gems increase their colocalization, mimicking changes seen during foetal development. This does not result from alterations in the methylation of coilin, but from increased levels of @entity28552 . Expression of exogenous @entity28552 results in an increased efficiency of @entity12922 transport to nuclear speckles. This suggests different mechanisms are present in different cell types and in vivo that may be significant for the tissue-specific pathology of @entity2057 .

title: The @entity28552 protein is a key regulator of nuclear architecture in differentiating XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['inherited neurodegenerative condition']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: The cell nucleus contains two closely related structures, Cajal bodies (CBs) and gems. CBs are the first site of accumulation of newly assembled splicing snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) following their import into the nucleus, before they form their steady-state localization in nuclear splicing speckles. Gems are the nuclear site of accumulation of survival motor neurons (SMNs), an insufficiency of which leads to the @entity14827 , @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ). @entity28552 is required in the cytoplasm for the addition of core, Sm, proteins to new snRNPs and is believed to accompany snRNPs to the CB. In most cell lines, gems are indistinguishable from CBs, although the structures are often separate in vivo. The relationship between CBs and gems is not fully understood, but there is evidence that symmetrical dimethylation of @entity369 residues in the CB protein coilin brings them together in HeLa cells. During neuronal differentiation of the @entity1 @entity521 cell line SH-SY5Y, CBs and gems increase their colocalization, mimicking changes seen during foetal development. This does not result from alterations in the methylation of coilin, but from increased levels of @entity28552 . Expression of exogenous @entity28552 results in an increased efficiency of @entity12922 transport to nuclear speckles. This suggests different mechanisms are present in different cell types and in vivo that may be significant for the tissue-specific pathology of @entity2057 .

title: The XXXX protein is a key regulator of nuclear architecture in differentiating @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity28552 :: (6638,Gene) :: ['SMN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of 3.0 T diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression (DWIBS) magnetic resonance (MR) for lymph node @entity3 in @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent preoperative routine MRI+DWI examination were enrolled in the study and were treated by @entity5 resection plus lymph node dissection. Metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes were confirmed by postoperative pathology. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, @entity1162 and short-axis diameters of lymph nodes were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of ADC, @entity1162 and short-axis diameters for differentiating metastatic lymph nodes from non-metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: A total of 151 lymph nodes were confirmed with exact location in 35 @entity1 . Sixty-five metastatic lymph nodes and 86 non-metastatic lymph nodes were identified. The ADC values of metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes were(0.86  0.14) 10(-3) and (0.94  0.16) 10(-3) mm(2)/s respectively. The @entity1162 diameter were(9.78  3.13) and (7.90  1.77) mm, respectively. The short-axis diameter were (7.65  2.00) and (6.45  1.19) mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in ADC values, @entity1162 diameter, and short-axis diameter(all P<0.01). The areas under the ROC curve of ADC value, @entity1162 diameter, and short-axis diameter were 0.648, 0.706, and 0.692, respectively. Optimal cutoff values for these parameters were 1.05 10(-3) mm(2)/s, 7.95 mm, and 5.90 mm, respectively, and the corresponding sensitivities and specificities were 93.8% and 30.2%, 75.4% and 61.6%, 90.8% and 38.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative measurement of ADC value may reflect the degree of diffusion restriction of metastatic lymph nodes by DWIBS at 3.0 T MR. Accurate diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in @entity5 demands comprehensive evaluation combining ADC value with diameter measurement.

title: [Diagnosis value of 3.0 T diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression magnetic resonance for metastatic lymph nodes in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The objective of the study was to assess @entity393 in renal medical in- @entity1 in order to minimise an iatrogenic cause of @entity417 . Phlebotomy has been shown to be a significant cause of iatrogenic @entity190 in critical care. However, there has been limited research in @entity1 with @entity8 , at risk from @entity417 . A prospective observational study was conducted of 70 consecutive @entity1 admitted to an acute renal medicine ward in a tertiary care hospital over a period of four months. Inclusion criteria included adult @entity1 with acute or @entity177 . @entity1 actively bleeding were excluded. @entity190 due to phlebotomy was determined from the @entity1 's computerised records. The mean @entity1 age was 61.5 +/- 16.5 years; the mean length of hospital stay was 23.1 +/- 19.8 days. The mean admission Hb was 9.8 +/- 2.0 g dL(-1) and 9.5 +/- 1.5 g dL(-1) on discharge. The total mean @entity190 from phlebotomy during hospitalisation was 215.8 +/- 166 mL with a mean weekly @entity190 of 55.7 +/- 11.23 mL. Losses were highest in the first week (mean of 76.8 mL), declining in subsequent weeks. Samples were taken for biochemistry (38%), FBC (36%), transfusion (13%) and others (13%). 46% of @entity1 were transfused (mean 4.8 +/- 3.6 units). @entity190 was lower than in previous studies conducted in intensive care and general medicine but clinical staff should be aware of the cumulative @entity190 from phlebotomy. Losses should be managed by optimising the frequency and volume of blood drawn for diagnostic laboratory tests.

title: A study of XXXX from phlebotomy in renal medical inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['phlebotomy loss']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']