abstract: Somatosensory and auditory evoked cortical potentials (SEP's and AEP's), regional cerebral blood flow, regional brain water content, and alteration of the blood-brain barrier were investigated in 3 cortical areas during permanent and 1- and 2-hour transient @entity432 of the left middle cerebral artery and after restoration of blood flow in @entity468 . During @entity432 , blood flow in the auditory cortex was severely suppressed. In the fore limb projection area of the somatosensory cortex, blood flow was moderately reduced while it was nearly unaffected in the hind limb projection area. Despite different degrees of @entity63 in the 3 cortical areas, all evoked responses were completely abolished within 10 minutes after @entity432 . During @entity432 , the pattern of blood flow reduction persisted, and all evoked potentials stayed abolished. Recirculation after @entity432 restored blood flow rapidly. AEP's recovered poorly after both 1 and 2 hours of @entity63 . SEP's regained normal amplitudes soon after recirculation in the group with 1-hour @entity432 . After 2 hours of @entity63 , the recovery of SEP's was variable but better than that of the AEP's. Remarkable water accumulation was observed in the auditory cortex of all 3 groups and was accompanied in the 2-hour @entity63 group by a disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In the 2-hour group, water accumulation was also found in the subcortical white matter radiation, whereas significant changes in regional water content were not observed in the somatosensory areas. The present study indicates that abolition of SEP's during @entity2500 in @entity468 is caused by lesions in the afferent pathway leading to cortical deafferentation rather than by cortical @entity63 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Experimental focal @entity63 in XXXX : changes in multimodality evoked potentials as related to local cerebral blood flow and ischemic brain edema.

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is the second most frequently diagnosed @entity5 and the sixth leading cause of @entity5 death in males. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of radiotherapy and other non-pharmacological management options for @entity263 was undertaken. METHODS: A search of thirteen databases was carried out until March 2014. RCTs comparing radiotherapy (brachytherapy (BT) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)) to other management options i.e. radical prostatectomy (RP), active surveillance, watchful waiting, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), or cryotherapy; each alone or in combination, e.g. with adjuvant @entity34 ( @entity34 ), were included. Methods followed guidance by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and the Cochrane Collaboration. Indirect comparisons were calculated using the Bucher method. RESULTS: Thirty-six randomised controlled trials (RCTs, 134 references) were included. EBRT, BT and RP were found to be effective in the management of @entity263 . While higher doses of EBRT seem to be related to favourable survival-related outcomes they might, depending on technique, involve more adverse events, e.g. @entity344 . Combining EBRT with @entity34 shows a statistically significant advantage regarding overall survival when compared to EBRT alone (Relative risk 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.30). Aside from mixed findings regarding urinary function, BT and radical prostatectomy were comparable in terms of quality of life and biochemical progression-free survival while favouring BT regarding @entity1 satisfaction and sexual function. There might be advantages of EBRT (with/without @entity34 ) compared to cryoablation (with/without @entity34 ). No studies on HIFU were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this systematic review, there is no strong evidence to support one therapy over another as EBRT, BT and RP can all be considered as effective monotherapies for @entity66 with EBRT also effective for post-operative management. All treatments have unique adverse events profiles. Further large, robust RCTs which report treatment-specific and treatment combination-specific outcomes in @entity263 risk groups following established reporting standards are needed. These will strengthen the evidence base for newer technologies, help reinforce current consensus guidelines and establish greater standardisation across practices.

title: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['defined prostate cancer', 'localised prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localised disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localised prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency Department Reliance ( @entity26186 : total @entity341 [ @entity341 ] visits/total ambulatory [outpatient + @entity341 ] visits) differentiates acute episodic @entity341 users from those who may not have adequate access to outpatient care. OBJECTIVE: This study's aim was to investigate age-related patterns of @entity26186 and associated health-care costs in pediatric @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) and those transitioning from pediatric to adult care. METHODS: State Medicaid data were used for this study. @entity1 with two or more @entity3458 diagnoses and one or more blood transfusion were included. Quarterly rates of @entity341 visits, @entity26186 , @entity3458 complications associated with @entity341 visits, and @entity341 visits resulting in hospitalization were evaluated. Risk factors associated with high @entity26186 and the association between high @entity26186 and health-care costs were explored through regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 3208 @entity1 were included. The most common @entity3458 complications associated with @entity341 visits were @entity158 , @entity281 , and @entity55 . Beginning at the age of 15 years, @entity26186 rose from 0.17 to 0.29 visits per quarter at age 22 years, and remained high throughout adulthood. Regression analyses indicated that @entity1 were most likely to have high @entity26186 during the post-transition period and when experiencing an @entity3458 complication. @entity1 with high @entity26186 incurred statistically significantly higher inpatient and @entity341 costs, resulting in significantly higher total health-care costs. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 transitioning to adulthood relied more on the @entity341 for their care. In addition, @entity1 with high @entity26186 incurred more days in the hospital and significantly higher health-care costs, highlighting the need to improve transition-related support, including better access to primary care and increased engagement with @entity1 with @entity3458 .

title: Age-Related Emergency Department Reliance in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['Sickle  Cell Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency Department Reliance ( @entity26186 : total @entity341 [ @entity341 ] visits/total ambulatory [outpatient + @entity341 ] visits) differentiates acute episodic @entity341 users from those who may not have adequate access to outpatient care. OBJECTIVE: This study's aim was to investigate age-related patterns of @entity26186 and associated health-care costs in pediatric @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) and those transitioning from pediatric to adult care. METHODS: State Medicaid data were used for this study. @entity1 with two or more @entity3458 diagnoses and one or more blood transfusion were included. Quarterly rates of @entity341 visits, @entity26186 , @entity3458 complications associated with @entity341 visits, and @entity341 visits resulting in hospitalization were evaluated. Risk factors associated with high @entity26186 and the association between high @entity26186 and health-care costs were explored through regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 3208 @entity1 were included. The most common @entity3458 complications associated with @entity341 visits were @entity158 , @entity281 , and @entity55 . Beginning at the age of 15 years, @entity26186 rose from 0.17 to 0.29 visits per quarter at age 22 years, and remained high throughout adulthood. Regression analyses indicated that @entity1 were most likely to have high @entity26186 during the post-transition period and when experiencing an @entity3458 complication. @entity1 with high @entity26186 incurred statistically significantly higher inpatient and @entity341 costs, resulting in significantly higher total health-care costs. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 transitioning to adulthood relied more on the @entity341 for their care. In addition, @entity1 with high @entity26186 incurred more days in the hospital and significantly higher health-care costs, highlighting the need to improve transition-related support, including better access to primary care and increased engagement with @entity1 with @entity3458 .

title: Age-Related Emergency Department Reliance in XXXX with @entity3458 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of @entity14 screening programs based on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is influenced by program adherence during consecutive screening rounds. We aimed to evaluate the participation rate, yield, and @entity5 in a third round of biennial @entity14 screening using FIT and to compare those with the first and the second screening round. METHODS: A total of 3566 average-risk individuals aged 50-75 years were invited to participate in a third round of biennial FIT-based @entity14 screening. All FIT positives were recommended to undergo colonoscopy. We merged our data with the national @entity5 registry in the Netherlands to identify all non-screen-detected @entity5 in our cohort. RESULTS: Of the invitees, 2142 (60%) returned the FIT in this third screening round, compared to 56% in the second round and 57% in the first round. Overall, 153 of the third-round @entity1 (7.1%) had a positive FIT result, versus 7.9% in the second round and 8.1% in the first round (P=0.05). Of all FIT positives, 123 (80%) underwent colonoscopy. Within this group, 33 @entity1 had advanced @entity5 . The predictive value of FIT positivity for advanced @entity5 was 27% (33/123), compared to 42% in the second round and 54% in the first round - a significant decline (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In an FIT-based screening program, participation rates remained stable over consecutive biennial screening rounds, while the FIT positivity rate and positive predictive value for advanced @entity5 gradually declined. @entity5 in non- @entity1 are significantly more advanced in staging than @entity5 in @entity1 in the first round of screening.

title: Participation, yield, and interval carcinomas in three rounds of biennial FIT-based XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'interval cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity293 are commonly caused by a-hemolysin (HlyA)-producing @entity526 . In erythrocytes, the cytotoxic effect of HlyA is strongly amplified by P2X receptors, which are activated by extracellular ATP released from the cytosol of the erythrocytes. In @entity8 , HlyA causes reversible [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, which trigger interleukin-6 ( @entity777 ) and IL-8 release. We speculate that this effect is caused by HlyA-induced ATP release from the epithelial cells and successive P2 receptor activation. Here, we demonstrate that HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations in @entity8 were completely prevented by scavenging extracellular ATP. In accordance, HlyA was unable to inflict any [Ca(2+)]i oscillations in 132-1N1 cells, which lack P2R completely. After transfecting these cells with the hP2Y2 receptor, HlyA readily triggered [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, which were abolished by P2 receptor antagonists. Moreover, HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations were markedly reduced in medullary thick ascending limbs isolated from @entity34585 receptor-deficient @entity19 compared with wild type. Interestingly, the following HlyA-induced @entity777 release was absent in @entity34585 receptor-deficient @entity19 . This suggests that HlyA induces ATP release from @entity8 , which via @entity34585 receptors is the main mediator of HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations and @entity777 release. This supports the notion that ATP signaling occurs early during @entity2348 and is a key player in the further inflammatory response.

title: [Ca2+]i Oscillations and @entity777 Release Induced by a-Hemolysin from XXXX Require P2 Receptor Activation in Renal Epithelia.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal epithelia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity293 are commonly caused by a-hemolysin (HlyA)-producing @entity526 . In erythrocytes, the cytotoxic effect of HlyA is strongly amplified by P2X receptors, which are activated by extracellular ATP released from the cytosol of the erythrocytes. In @entity8 , HlyA causes reversible [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, which trigger interleukin-6 ( @entity777 ) and IL-8 release. We speculate that this effect is caused by HlyA-induced ATP release from the epithelial cells and successive P2 receptor activation. Here, we demonstrate that HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations in @entity8 were completely prevented by scavenging extracellular ATP. In accordance, HlyA was unable to inflict any [Ca(2+)]i oscillations in 132-1N1 cells, which lack P2R completely. After transfecting these cells with the hP2Y2 receptor, HlyA readily triggered [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, which were abolished by P2 receptor antagonists. Moreover, HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations were markedly reduced in medullary thick ascending limbs isolated from @entity34585 receptor-deficient @entity19 compared with wild type. Interestingly, the following HlyA-induced @entity777 release was absent in @entity34585 receptor-deficient @entity19 . This suggests that HlyA induces ATP release from @entity8 , which via @entity34585 receptors is the main mediator of HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations and @entity777 release. This supports the notion that ATP signaling occurs early during @entity2348 and is a key player in the further inflammatory response.

title: [Ca2+]i Oscillations and XXXX Release Induced by a-Hemolysin from @entity526 Require P2 Receptor Activation in Renal Epithelia.

answer: @entity777 :: (16193(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In our previous study, we found that @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) gene genetic polymorphisms may play a major role in the efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs) in Chinese @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 . The aim of this study is to explore the association of @entity4738 gene genetic polymorphisms and improvement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Chinese @entity1252 @entity1 treated with GCs. A total of 195 Chinese @entity1252 @entity1 were treated with GCs for 12  weeks. The HRQOL of @entity1 was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) at baseline and 12  weeks. Polymorphisms of @entity4738 gene were genotyped by using multiplex SNaPshot method. One hundred eighty-four @entity1 (94.36  %) completed the 12-week follow-up. Twenty-three single- @entity4334 polymorphisms of @entity4738 gene were genotyped. There was a significant association between @entity72099 polymorphism and improvement in physical function (P   =   0.043), general health (P   =   0.024), and social function (P   =   0.013). The @entity72100 polymorphism was associated with improvement in the total score of SF-36 (P   =   0.014), physical function (P   =   0.013), general health (P   =   0.010), vitality (P   =   0.015), social function (P   =   0.004), physical component summary (P   =   0.016), and mental component summary (P   =   0.014). The @entity49136 polymorphism was associated with improvement in bodily @entity158 (P   =   0.040) and general health (P   =   0.038). The @entity72101 polymorphism was associated with improvement in general health (P   =   0.026) and vitality (P   =   0.027). The @entity72102 polymorphism was associated with improvement in bodily @entity158 (P   =   0.034). The @entity72103 polymorphism was associated with improvement in vitality (P   =   0.002) and mental component summary (P   =   0.041). We also found a significant association between @entity72104 polymorphism and improvement in physical function (P   =   0.040), bodily @entity158 (P   =   0.007), and general health (P   =   0.019). These results indicate that there may be an association of @entity4738 gene @entity72099 , @entity72100 , @entity49136 , @entity72101 , @entity72102 , @entity72103 , and @entity72104 polymorphisms with improvement of HRQOL in Chinese @entity1252 @entity1 treated with GCs.

title: @entity4738 genetic polymorphisms is associated with improvement of health-related quality of life in Chinese population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In our previous study, we found that @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) gene genetic polymorphisms may play a major role in the efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs) in Chinese @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 . The aim of this study is to explore the association of @entity4738 gene genetic polymorphisms and improvement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Chinese @entity1252 @entity1 treated with GCs. A total of 195 Chinese @entity1252 @entity1 were treated with GCs for 12  weeks. The HRQOL of @entity1 was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) at baseline and 12  weeks. Polymorphisms of @entity4738 gene were genotyped by using multiplex SNaPshot method. One hundred eighty-four @entity1 (94.36  %) completed the 12-week follow-up. Twenty-three single- @entity4334 polymorphisms of @entity4738 gene were genotyped. There was a significant association between @entity72099 polymorphism and improvement in physical function (P   =   0.043), general health (P   =   0.024), and social function (P   =   0.013). The @entity72100 polymorphism was associated with improvement in the total score of SF-36 (P   =   0.014), physical function (P   =   0.013), general health (P   =   0.010), vitality (P   =   0.015), social function (P   =   0.004), physical component summary (P   =   0.016), and mental component summary (P   =   0.014). The @entity49136 polymorphism was associated with improvement in bodily @entity158 (P   =   0.040) and general health (P   =   0.038). The @entity72101 polymorphism was associated with improvement in general health (P   =   0.026) and vitality (P   =   0.027). The @entity72102 polymorphism was associated with improvement in bodily @entity158 (P   =   0.034). The @entity72103 polymorphism was associated with improvement in vitality (P   =   0.002) and mental component summary (P   =   0.041). We also found a significant association between @entity72104 polymorphism and improvement in physical function (P   =   0.040), bodily @entity158 (P   =   0.007), and general health (P   =   0.019). These results indicate that there may be an association of @entity4738 gene @entity72099 , @entity72100 , @entity49136 , @entity72101 , @entity72102 , @entity72103 , and @entity72104 polymorphisms with improvement of HRQOL in Chinese @entity1252 @entity1 treated with GCs.

title: XXXX genetic polymorphisms is associated with improvement of health-related quality of life in Chinese population with @entity1252 .

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['Glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) can cause serious damage to the reproductive tract of egg-laying hens, leading to severe egg-drop and poor egg shell quality. However, previous studies in relation to the @entity409 resulted from this agent have not clearly been elucidated. In this study, apoptosis and pathologic changes in the oviducts of egg-laying hens caused by H9N2 AIV were evaluated. To understand the immune response in the pathogenic processes, 30-week old specific pathogen free (SPF) egg-laying hens inoculated with H9N2 subtype of AIV through combined intra-ocular and intra-nasal routes. @entity778 resulted in @entity75 , triggered apoptosis and expression of immune related genes accompanied with infiltration of @entity14326 (+) @entity14327 (+) and @entity14326 (+) @entity72105 (+) cells. Significant @entity3145 and apoptosis were observed in the five oviductal parts (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina) at 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Furthermore, immune-related genes, including @entity1573 @entity41494 (7, 21), @entity72106 , @entity26564 , @entity17024 , CXCLi1, @entity17022 , @entity72107 , @entity72108 and @entity72109 showed variation in the egg-laying hens infected with H9N2 AIV. Notably, mRNA expression of @entity41496 was suppressed during the @entity281 . These results show distinct expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines amongst segments of the oviduct. Differential gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes aggregation occurring in oviducts may initiate the infected tissue in response to virus replication which may eventually lead to excessive cellular apoptosis and @entity3145 .

title: Apoptosis induction and release of inflammatory cytokines in the oviduct of egg-laying hens experimentally infected with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['H9N2 AIV infection']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oviductal lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['oviductal-dysfunction']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['H9N2 avian influenza virus']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the differences between allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) @entity1 receiving HSC from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical donors (HID) and other donors that included HLA-matched sibling, matched unrelated, and unrelated umbilical cord blood donors in the 6 weeks after HSCT with respect to quality of life (QOL), @entity159 , and physical function. METHODS: The study included 126 @entity1 (HID group, n  =  100; other donor group, n  =  26) who underwent allo-HSCT between July 2007 and December 2012. @entity1 were evaluated for health-related QOL using the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Psychological status was measured by Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. Physical function was assessed using tests for handgrip strength, knee extensor strength, and the 6-min walk test. RESULTS: After HSCT, the HID group showed significantly greater improvements in the general health subscale and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of QOL than the other donor group (P  <  0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed that complete remission and age were associated with changes in the general health subscale before and after HSCT (P  <  0.05). With regard to physical function, the HID group showed significantly more decline than the other donor group with respect to handgrip strength and knee extensor muscle strength after HSCT (P  <  0.05). Total corticosteroid dose was associated with decreased handgrip strength before and after HSCT (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The donor type affects QOL, @entity159 , and physical function in allo-HSCT recipients; these findings may provide insights for customised rehabilitation strategies for HSCT recipients.

title: Early-phase differences in health-related quality of life, XXXX , and physical function between human leucocyte antigen-haploidentical and other allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['psychological status']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['psychological status']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of circoviruses in wild bird populations, in Poland. Circoviruses possess immuno-suppressive properties and might interfere with the health of wild birds. METHOD: 83 birds, which belonged to 23 species, were tested with broad-range, nested PCR. The obtained PCR products were sequenced and new primers designed, to analyse the full-length, viral genome. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted, to find any relationship to known circoviruses. RESULTS: The circovirus DNA sequence was found in 4 birds. All samples originated from the velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) a marine @entity4186 from the Merginae sub-family. Birds which tested positive for the circovirus were found dead in fishing nets, off the Baltic coast. During post-mortem examination, carcasses of two of the scoters showed only light emaciation, while the two other birds appeared healthy. The obtained, full-length, circovirus sequence revealed 1,988 @entity2036 and the presence of typical features (i.e. Cap, Rep and @entity20039 ). @entity4334 similarity to other @entity4186 circoviruses was 84 to 86 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and cap gene, indicated that the new circovirus is related to known @entity4186 circoviruses, especially to sub-types sometimes referred to as @entity72110 genotype 1, but not genotype 2. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have reported a new @entity72110 sequence detected in the velvet scoter, a species of marine @entity4186 . Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the new virus sequence support previous reports that @entity72110 (DuCV) is a species with a high degree of diversity. The viral sequence obtained from the velvet scoter suggests that DuCV may infect birds from the Anatinae sub-family. More studies are needed to prove if the velvet scoter and other marine @entity4186 act as a reservoir for DuCV.

title: A new XXXX sequence, detected in velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) supports great diversity among this species of virus.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity72110 :: ('324685', 'Species') :: ['duck circovirus']

answer: @entity72110 :: (324685,Species) :: ['duck circovirus']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity120 caused by a large @entity1757 , the cardiopulmonary performance capacity (CPC) depends on the relation of @entity358 . Changes in this relation occurring on exercise are mainly due to an exercise - induced fall of the systemic vascular resistance. If the ratio of pulmonary to systemic resistance is below 1 at maximal exercise, the CPC is reduced as a result of the @entity1002 . In case of a pulmonary to systemic resistance ratio of higher than 1 at maximal exercise @entity519 will be a limiting factor. Only in cases of a moderate degree of pulmonary vascular changes, resulting in a relation of resistances at maximal exercise in the range of 1, will the CPC be normal. @entity1 with @entity120 always present with reduced CPC as a main symptom. Cardiac output cannot be adequately increased during exercise. Only by excessive peripheral @entity26 desaturation can a certain adaptation to the @entity26 demand of the exercising organism be possible to a certain degree, though only at low work rates. Uneven perfusion and the corresponding ventilation-perfusion inequality are only moderate. However, due to the widened arterial-venous @entity26 difference, ventilation-perfusion inequality with its distinct alveolar-arterial @entity26 pressure difference can result in a considerable degree of venous admixture. In adolescents, @entity120 caused by @entity3885 is seen almost only in @entity1 with advanced stages of cystic @entity82 . It is then combined with increased venous admixture, and often with @entity515 -retention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Sports fitness in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary to systemic vascular resistances']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left to right shunt']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2005, the UK Department of Health recommended that a new role, the @entity943 care coordinator (ACC), be created to guide @entity1 through the diagnosis and treatment for @entity943 . The belief was that this would improve the efficiency of care and improve their quality of life. The British Heart Foundation provided funding for 32 such posts, all of which were filled by @entity943 specialist nurses, and commissioned an evaluation of the new service to assess its impact on @entity1 . AIMS: This paper focuses on the impact of the ACCs on their @entity1 ' levels of @entity148 and @entity308 , hospital readmissions and costs to the National Health Service (NHS). METHODS: From 2008 to 2010, using questionnaires, we conducted a longitudinal audit of the psychological status of the @entity1 referred to the ACCs; we also assessed the ACCs' impact on readmissions and cost benefits to the NHS using UK Hospital Episode Statistics. RESULTS: We found high levels of @entity148 and @entity308 amongst @entity1 . Nearly one-third were at the 'borderline' or 'clinically anxious' and 18% were at the 'borderline' or 'clinically depressed' level at their first assessment with small changes at follow-up. In @entity943 specialist nurse sites, readmission rates were reduced by half. After deducting the cost of the ACCs and their support, the estimated annual saving was   29,357 per ACC. CONCLUSION: This evaluation has shown that the NHS saves   29,357 per year over and above the costs of employing a British Heart Foundation ACC and that all @entity943 centres should be encouraged to employ an appropriate number of such specialists.

title: @entity943 care co-ordinators: Their impact on @entity148 and XXXX , readmissions and health service costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2005, the UK Department of Health recommended that a new role, the @entity943 care coordinator (ACC), be created to guide @entity1 through the diagnosis and treatment for @entity943 . The belief was that this would improve the efficiency of care and improve their quality of life. The British Heart Foundation provided funding for 32 such posts, all of which were filled by @entity943 specialist nurses, and commissioned an evaluation of the new service to assess its impact on @entity1 . AIMS: This paper focuses on the impact of the ACCs on their @entity1 ' levels of @entity148 and @entity308 , hospital readmissions and costs to the National Health Service (NHS). METHODS: From 2008 to 2010, using questionnaires, we conducted a longitudinal audit of the psychological status of the @entity1 referred to the ACCs; we also assessed the ACCs' impact on readmissions and cost benefits to the NHS using UK Hospital Episode Statistics. RESULTS: We found high levels of @entity148 and @entity308 amongst @entity1 . Nearly one-third were at the 'borderline' or 'clinically anxious' and 18% were at the 'borderline' or 'clinically depressed' level at their first assessment with small changes at follow-up. In @entity943 specialist nurse sites, readmission rates were reduced by half. After deducting the cost of the ACCs and their support, the estimated annual saving was   29,357 per ACC. CONCLUSION: This evaluation has shown that the NHS saves   29,357 per year over and above the costs of employing a British Heart Foundation ACC and that all @entity943 centres should be encouraged to employ an appropriate number of such specialists.

title: @entity943 care co-ordinators: Their impact on XXXX and @entity308 , readmissions and health service costs.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2005, the UK Department of Health recommended that a new role, the @entity943 care coordinator (ACC), be created to guide @entity1 through the diagnosis and treatment for @entity943 . The belief was that this would improve the efficiency of care and improve their quality of life. The British Heart Foundation provided funding for 32 such posts, all of which were filled by @entity943 specialist nurses, and commissioned an evaluation of the new service to assess its impact on @entity1 . AIMS: This paper focuses on the impact of the ACCs on their @entity1 ' levels of @entity148 and @entity308 , hospital readmissions and costs to the National Health Service (NHS). METHODS: From 2008 to 2010, using questionnaires, we conducted a longitudinal audit of the psychological status of the @entity1 referred to the ACCs; we also assessed the ACCs' impact on readmissions and cost benefits to the NHS using UK Hospital Episode Statistics. RESULTS: We found high levels of @entity148 and @entity308 amongst @entity1 . Nearly one-third were at the 'borderline' or 'clinically anxious' and 18% were at the 'borderline' or 'clinically depressed' level at their first assessment with small changes at follow-up. In @entity943 specialist nurse sites, readmission rates were reduced by half. After deducting the cost of the ACCs and their support, the estimated annual saving was   29,357 per ACC. CONCLUSION: This evaluation has shown that the NHS saves   29,357 per year over and above the costs of employing a British Heart Foundation ACC and that all @entity943 centres should be encouraged to employ an appropriate number of such specialists.

title: XXXX care co-ordinators: Their impact on @entity148 and @entity308 , readmissions and health service costs.

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmia']


abstract: To study the effects of antithrombotic therapy in experimental @entity64 , we have characterized a @entity3474 model of @entity715 . In this model an inflatable silastic balloon cuff has been implanted by transorbital approach around the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), proximal to the take-off of the lenticulostriate arteries (LSA). Inflation of the balloon for 3 hours in six animals produced a stereotypic @entity64 characterized by @entity1269 . An @entity1188 volume of 3.2 +/- 1.5 cm3 in the ipsilateral corpus striatum was documented by computerized tomographic (CT) scanning at 10 days following @entity64 induction and 3.9 +/- 1.9 cm3 (n = 4) at 14 days by morphometric neuropathologic determinations of brain specimens fixed in situ by pressure-perfusion with 10% buffered @entity406 . Immediate pressure-perfusion fixation following deflation of the balloon was performed in 16 additional animals given Evans blue dye intravenously prior to the 3 hour @entity2500 . Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy consistently confirmed the presence of @entity715 material occluding microcirculatory branches of the right LSA in the region of Evans blue stain, but not those of the contralateral corpus striatum. When autologous 111In-platelets were infused intravenously in four animals from the above group prior to the transient 3 hour occlusion of the right MCA, gamma scintillation camera imaging of each perfused-fixed whole brain demonstrated the presence of a single residual focus of 111In-platelet activity involving only the Evans blue-stained right corpus striatum. Focal right hemispheric activity was equivalent to 0.55 +/- 0.49 ml of whole blood, and the occlusion score derived from histologic examination of the microcirculation of the Evans blue-stained corpus striatum averaged 34.8 +/- 2.8. Similar 111In-platelet imaging and histologic scoring experiments carried out in four animals pretreated with the antithrombotic combination heparin and @entity1396 showed marked reduction of both 111In-platelet activity (0.01 +/- 0.03 ml vs. 0.55 +/- 0.49 ml; p less than 0.01) and @entity715 occlusion of the microcirculation (10.8 +/- 7.4 units vs. 34.8 +/- 2.8 units; p less than 0.01) in the right corpus striatum following 3 hours of @entity2500 . In separate control experiments 111In-labeled autologous platelets were infused after the 3 hour period of @entity2500 and @entity661 in two animals; no focus of 111In-platelet activity was demonstrated in fixed whole brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Experimental acute XXXX in baboons.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'sustained stroke syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'right MCA occlusion', 'MCA balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['subsequent balloon deflation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['thrombotic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of Nintendo Wii compared with no intervention or other exercise interventions in the rehabilitation of adults with @entity64 . DATA SOURCES: Seven electronic databases were systematically searched to source for full-text studies published in peer-reviewed journals up to July 2014. Hand searches of reference lists were performed. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Wii with no intervention or other exercise interventions, in @entity1 with @entity64 , were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Methodological quality was assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Data pertaining to @entity1 , interventions, outcomes, and clinical effectiveness were independently extracted by 2 reviewers using a standardized form and compared for accuracy. We calculated mean or standardized mean differences for analysis of continuous variables. Risk ratios were derived and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Six studies were included. Three trials (64 @entity1 ) compared Wii and conventional rehabilitation versus conventional rehabilitation alone. Three trials (102 @entity1 ) compared Wii with other exercise interventions. The addition of Wii to conventional rehabilitation resulted in significant mean differences in favor of additional Wii compared with standard care for Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (0.81 points, CI 0.29-1.33, P  = .002), but not for other mobility and functional outcomes: Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score (0.45, CI  -0.21-1.11, P  = .18), Berg Balance Score (-0.64, CI  -3.66-2.39, P  = .68), anteroposterior postural sway (0.23, CI  -0.38-0.84, P  = .46). No serious adverse events were reported, and when Wii was compared with exercise alone, we demonstrated a decreased risk of @entity1 dropping out of follow-up (RR 0.40, CI 0.20-0.78, P  = .007). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of Wii gaming to conventional rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity64 significantly improved performance in TUG and not in the other physical measures. The pooled effect was small and not beyond the minimal detectable change. However, Wii can be used safely in @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity1 were less likely to drop out in the Wii group. This review highlights the need for further high-quality studies to demonstrate the efficacy of Wii in @entity64 rehabilitation.

title: Is Nintendo Wii an Effective Intervention for Individuals With  XXXX ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1707 has been considered the best model for renal surgery. However, recent research has demonstrated that the kidney of @entity1707 heals differently from that of @entity1 . The objective of this study was to evaluate @entity742 as an alternative animal model for studying collecting system healing after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The caudal pole of the left kidney was removed from eight female adult @entity742 using laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Monopolar energy was used for hemostasis only in the parenchyma, avoiding coagulation near the collecting system, which was left opened. After 14  d, all animals were euthanized, and their left kidney was removed. Serum levels of @entity1133 and @entity1011 were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively (on days 2, 6, 10, and 14), and peritoneal fluid samples were collected during necropsy for @entity1133 and @entity1011 evaluation. An ex  vivo retrograde pyelogram was performed, and a retrograde injection of @entity6693 ink was administered to evaluate urinary leakage. Samples from the operated pole were analyzed using histologic methods. RESULTS: During necropsy, an @entity6986 surrounding the operated kidney was observed in one animal. Peritoneal fluid levels of @entity1133 and @entity1011 were elevated. Retrograde pyelograms exhibited contrast-medium extravasation through the operated pole in all kidneys. The opened collecting system was also confirmed by @entity6693 ink injection. The operated pole was covered by collagenous tissue and adhered to adjacent organs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity742 should be considered as an adequate experimental model for research on collecting system healing after partial nephrectomy.

title: The XXXX as a model for healing studies after partial nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['sheep', 'Sheep', 'domestic sheep']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) decreases mortality, improves functional status, and induces reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in selected populations. However, the effect of CRT on @entity943 is controversial. This is particularly important among @entity1 with mild @entity712 ( @entity712 ), in whom @entity944 is a leading cause of mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to assess the impact of CRT on @entity943 in mild @entity712 . METHODS: The REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in @entity1002 (REVERSE) study is a multicenter randomized, double-blind trial of CRT among @entity1 with mild systolic @entity712 . The time to first appropriate, treated @entity1165 / @entity2224 (VT/VF) episode or spontaneous sustained VT in cardiac resynchronization therapy plus defibrillation device (CRT-D) @entity1 was compared between groups, as were predictors of VT/VF. RESULTS: The study randomized 508 @entity1 who received CRT-D devices. There were no significant demographic differences between groups. There were no differences in VT/VF episodes or VT storm between groups. Specifically, in the CRT ON group, the estimated event rate was 18.7% at 2 years, compared with 21.9% in the CRT OFF group (hazard ratio 1.05, P = .84). However, among CRT ON @entity1 , those with reverse remodeling had a reduced incidence of VT/VF compared with those without remodeling (5.6% vs. 16.3%, hazard ratio 0.31, P = .001). CONCLUSION: CRT for up to 2 years does not impact VT/VF in mild @entity712 despite marked clinical and remodeling effects of pacing. This neutral effect may be attributable to competing antiarrhythmic effects of reverse remodeling and proarrhythmic effect of pacing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00271154.

title: The impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy on the incidence of @entity943 in mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic left vEntricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) decreases mortality, improves functional status, and induces reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in selected populations. However, the effect of CRT on @entity943 is controversial. This is particularly important among @entity1 with mild @entity712 ( @entity712 ), in whom @entity944 is a leading cause of mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to assess the impact of CRT on @entity943 in mild @entity712 . METHODS: The REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in @entity1002 (REVERSE) study is a multicenter randomized, double-blind trial of CRT among @entity1 with mild systolic @entity712 . The time to first appropriate, treated @entity1165 / @entity2224 (VT/VF) episode or spontaneous sustained VT in cardiac resynchronization therapy plus defibrillation device (CRT-D) @entity1 was compared between groups, as were predictors of VT/VF. RESULTS: The study randomized 508 @entity1 who received CRT-D devices. There were no significant demographic differences between groups. There were no differences in VT/VF episodes or VT storm between groups. Specifically, in the CRT ON group, the estimated event rate was 18.7% at 2 years, compared with 21.9% in the CRT OFF group (hazard ratio 1.05, P = .84). However, among CRT ON @entity1 , those with reverse remodeling had a reduced incidence of VT/VF compared with those without remodeling (5.6% vs. 16.3%, hazard ratio 0.31, P = .001). CONCLUSION: CRT for up to 2 years does not impact VT/VF in mild @entity712 despite marked clinical and remodeling effects of pacing. This neutral effect may be attributable to competing antiarrhythmic effects of reverse remodeling and proarrhythmic effect of pacing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00271154.

title: The impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy on the incidence of XXXX in mild @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is substantial research linking @entity286 and @entity167 use to subsequent @entity835 use, yet the specificity of this relationship is still under debate. The aim of this study was to examine which substance use model--the gateway hypothesis, the @entity7577 ( @entity7577 ) model and/or the route of administration model--best explains the relationship between early onset of @entity286 and @entity167 use and subsequent @entity835 use initiation. METHODS: We used data from 2,113 (51% female) Dutch adolescents who participated in three consecutive assessment waves (mean age: 11.09, 13.56, and 16.27 years, respectively) of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey study. (Pre)adolescent @entity835 , @entity286 and @entity167 use was assessed using the Youth Self-Report and a TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey developed questionnaire. RESULTS: We found that, during adolescence, early onset of @entity286 use does not pose a significantly higher risk of initiating @entity835 use than early onset @entity167 use. Therefore, we can rule out the route of administration model. Moreover, we found that adolescents who reported early onset comorbid use of both @entity286 and @entity167 have a higher likelihood to initiate @entity835 use than adolescents who have tried either @entity286 or @entity167 . The gateway hypothesis is not broad enough to explain this finding. Therefore, the @entity7577 model best predicts our findings. CONCLUSION: Future research on adolescent @entity835 initiation should focus on testing the robustness of the @entity7577 model. Furthermore, identifying adolescents who use both @entity286 and @entity167 , before the age of 13, may help to curtail the onset of @entity835 use.

title: Can the gateway hypothesis, the @entity7577 model and/or, the route of administration model predict initiation of XXXX use during adolescence? A survival analysis--the TRAILS study.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['common liability', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is substantial research linking @entity286 and @entity167 use to subsequent @entity835 use, yet the specificity of this relationship is still under debate. The aim of this study was to examine which substance use model--the gateway hypothesis, the @entity7577 ( @entity7577 ) model and/or the route of administration model--best explains the relationship between early onset of @entity286 and @entity167 use and subsequent @entity835 use initiation. METHODS: We used data from 2,113 (51% female) Dutch adolescents who participated in three consecutive assessment waves (mean age: 11.09, 13.56, and 16.27 years, respectively) of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey study. (Pre)adolescent @entity835 , @entity286 and @entity167 use was assessed using the Youth Self-Report and a TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey developed questionnaire. RESULTS: We found that, during adolescence, early onset of @entity286 use does not pose a significantly higher risk of initiating @entity835 use than early onset @entity167 use. Therefore, we can rule out the route of administration model. Moreover, we found that adolescents who reported early onset comorbid use of both @entity286 and @entity167 have a higher likelihood to initiate @entity835 use than adolescents who have tried either @entity286 or @entity167 . The gateway hypothesis is not broad enough to explain this finding. Therefore, the @entity7577 model best predicts our findings. CONCLUSION: Future research on adolescent @entity835 initiation should focus on testing the robustness of the @entity7577 model. Furthermore, identifying adolescents who use both @entity286 and @entity167 , before the age of 13, may help to curtail the onset of @entity835 use.

title: Can the gateway hypothesis, the XXXX model and/or, the route of administration model predict initiation of @entity835 use during adolescence? A survival analysis--the TRAILS study.

answer: @entity7577 :: (MESH:C536965,Disease) :: ['common liability']


abstract: The importance of the oncogene Ras in @entity1283 is well appreciated. The @entity1184 effects of the constitutively active mutant Ras-Val12 are revealed by clinical syndromes due to the Ras mutations and experimental studies. We examined the possible anti- @entity1184 effect of Ras inhibition in vitro using @entity35 neonatal cardiomyocytes (NRCM) and in vivo in the setting of pressure-overload left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 ( @entity9980 ) in @entity35 . Ras functions were modulated via adenovirus directed gene transfer of active mutant Ras-Val12 or dominant negative mutant N17-DN-Ras (DN-Ras). Ras-Val12 expression in vitro activates @entity28630 resulting in pro- @entity1184 and cardio-toxic effects on NRCM beating and Z-line organization. In contrast, the DN-Ras was antihypertrophic on NRCM, inhibited @entity28630 and exerted cardio-protective effects attested by preserved NRCM beating and Z line structure. Additional experiments with silencing @entity3803 gene strategy corroborated the antihypertrophic effects of siRNA- @entity3803 on NRCM. In vivo, with the @entity9980 model, both Ras mutants were associated with similar @entity1184 two weeks after simultaneous induction of @entity9980 and Ras-mutant gene transfer. However, LV diameters were higher and LV fractional shortening lower in the Ras-Val12 group compared to control and DN-Ras. Moreover, DN-Ras reduced the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes in vivo, and decreased the expression of markers of pathologic @entity1283 . In isolated adult cardiomyocytes after 2 weeks of @entity9980 and Ras-mutant gene transfer, DN-Ras improved sarcomere shortening and @entity460 transients compared to Ras-Val12. Overall, DN-Ras promotes a more physiological form of @entity1184 , suggesting an interesting therapeutic target for pathological @entity1283 .

title: Dominant negative Ras attenuates pathological ventricular remodeling in pressure overload XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the surgical strategies and analyze the clinical outcomes of @entity438 ( @entity438 ). METHODS: The clinical data of 49 @entity438 @entity1 surgically treated between January 2009 and December 2013 was analyzed retrospectively. Among the 49 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 were male and 37 were female, mean age (49    11) years. Thirty-five @entity1 had @entity1756 , and 14 had @entity439 . Treatment strategies included one-stage operation ( @entity438 were treated in one-stage with an unilateral approach), two-stage treatment ( @entity438 were treated stage by stage) and partial treatment (only ruptured @entity439 was treated). Postoperative CT angiograms (CTA) or digital subtraction angiograms (DSA) were reviewed and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were evaluated during follow-up period. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (65.3%) underwent one-stage operation, 9 @entity1 (18.4%) underwent two-stage treatment, and 8 @entity1 (16.3%) underwent partial treatment. Forty-seven @entity1 were followed up 4-49 months, mean (22    7) months. Postoperative CTA or DSA showed no @entity439 recurrence. According to the GOS scores, 41 @entity1 (83.7%) with good outcomes (GOS 4, 5), 6 @entity1 (12.2%) were disabled (GOS 2, 3) and 2 @entity1 (4.1%) were dead (GOS 1). CONCLUSION: Selecting the right @entity1 for surgery and making personalized surgical strategies based on the characteristics of @entity1 and @entity439 could improve the surgical outcomes of @entity438 .

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['multiple intracranial aneurysms', 'MIA']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['multiple intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5015 is crucial for keeping the patent ductus arteriosus in critical @entity299 for the survival and palliation of particularly prematurely born babies until a cardiosurgical intervention is available. In this study, the side effects of @entity5015 in newborns with critical @entity299 and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Thirty-five newborns diagnosed with critical @entity299 were treated with @entity5015 between January 2012 and September 2014 at our hospital. @entity1 charts were examined for @entity5015 side effects (metabolic, @entity1084 , @entity386 ), clinical status, and prognosis. Acquired data were analyzed in the SPSS 20.0 program. @entity1 with birth weight under 2500  g needed more days of @entity5015 infusion than ones with birthweight over 2500  g (P  =  0.016). The ratio of @entity1 with birth weight under 2500  g who received @entity5015 longer than 7  days was higher than the @entity1 with birth weight over 2500  g (P  =  0.02). Eighteen side effects were encountered in 11 of 35 @entity1 (31  %). Of these side effects, 1 @entity1 had 4, 4 @entity1 had 2, and 6 @entity1 had only 1 side effect. Discontinuation of the therapy was never needed. @entity5015 is an accepted therapy modality for survival and outcome in critical @entity299 in particularly low-birth-weight babies until a surgical intervention is available. Side effects are not less encountered but are almost always manageable, and discontinuation is not needed.

title: Long-Term XXXX Infusion for Newborns with Critical @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'Prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin E1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5015 is crucial for keeping the patent ductus arteriosus in critical @entity299 for the survival and palliation of particularly prematurely born babies until a cardiosurgical intervention is available. In this study, the side effects of @entity5015 in newborns with critical @entity299 and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Thirty-five newborns diagnosed with critical @entity299 were treated with @entity5015 between January 2012 and September 2014 at our hospital. @entity1 charts were examined for @entity5015 side effects (metabolic, @entity1084 , @entity386 ), clinical status, and prognosis. Acquired data were analyzed in the SPSS 20.0 program. @entity1 with birth weight under 2500  g needed more days of @entity5015 infusion than ones with birthweight over 2500  g (P  =  0.016). The ratio of @entity1 with birth weight under 2500  g who received @entity5015 longer than 7  days was higher than the @entity1 with birth weight over 2500  g (P  =  0.02). Eighteen side effects were encountered in 11 of 35 @entity1 (31  %). Of these side effects, 1 @entity1 had 4, 4 @entity1 had 2, and 6 @entity1 had only 1 side effect. Discontinuation of the therapy was never needed. @entity5015 is an accepted therapy modality for survival and outcome in critical @entity299 in particularly low-birth-weight babies until a surgical intervention is available. Side effects are not less encountered but are almost always manageable, and discontinuation is not needed.

title: Long-Term @entity5015 Infusion for Newborns with Critical XXXX .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need to improve participation in @entity14 screening. Our objective was to assess the impact of a signature from the @entity1 's general practitioner on a letter inviting @entity1 to participate in a @entity14 screening. METHOD: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial with 57 general practitioners established in Paris for more than 5 years, randomized to intervention or usual-care arms. There were 3422 @entity1 included, ages 50-74 years, from general practitioner @entity1 files, and eligible for an invitation letter or a reminder letter to participate in the national population-based screening program. In the intervention arm, @entity1 received a standard letter signed by their general practitioner inviting them to visit the general practitioner's office for a fecal occult blood test if they were eligible. Control @entity1 received the standard invitation letter or the standard reminder. All letters were sent by the district screening organization. The main outcome was the proportion of @entity1 who took the fecal occult blood test within 6 months after the invitation. RESULTS: Among @entity1 eligible for the study, 508 (14.8%) took a fecal occult blood test after being invited; 285 (15%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.5-16.7) in the intervention group and 223 (14.6%; 95% CI, 12.9-16.5) in the control group, with no statistical difference between the 2 groups (odds ratio 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83-1.31; P  = .731). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a general practitioner's signature to a standard letter inviting @entity1 to take a fecal occult blood test had no impact on the frequency of @entity1 taking the fecal occult blood test in the Paris program of @entity14 screening.

title: Impact of a Doctor's Invitation on Participation in XXXX : A Cluster Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Screening']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High treatment failure rates and the need for prolonged antimicrobial therapy for @entity4034 and @entity281 suggest that antimicrobial bone penetration may be incomplete. Assessment of the bone pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials is challenged by a lack of validated methods. In this study, 1000mg of @entity2176 was administered as a single dose over 100min to eight female @entity1707 . Plasma, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and bone pharmacokinetics were investigated over 12h. Microdialysis was applied for collection of samples in bone and @entity1386 . The @entity2176 concentration in microdialysates was determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, whilst the free plasma concentration was determined using Cobas c501. The mean (95% CI) area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-last; min g/mL) was 9375 (7445-11304), 9304 (7374-11233), 5998 (3955-8040) and 3451 (1522-5381) for plasma, @entity1386 , and cancellous and cortical bone, respectively (ANOVA P-value <0.001). Both cortical and cancellous bone AUC0-last were lower than that of free plasma (P<0.01). Peak drug concentrations (Cmax) in cortical and cancellous bone were also significantly lower than that of free plasma (P<0.001). Moreover, both AUC0-last and Cmax were significantly lower in cortical bone than in cancellous bone (P<0.025). Bone penetration of @entity2176 was found to be incomplete and delayed. Significant differences in pharmacokinetics between cancellous and cortical bone suggest that bone may not be considered as one compartment. Future studies should focus on validating the applicability of microdialysis for assessment of antimicrobial bone pharmacokinetics.

title: Single-dose pharmacokinetics of XXXX in porcine cancellous and cortical bone determined by microdialysis.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['implant-associated infections']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'SCAT']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an index of systemic inflammatory burden in @entity5 . An elevated NLR has been associated with poor prognosis in a number of @entity5 sites. We investigated its role in a cohort of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had primary @entity957 treated with chemoradiotherapy and a minimum follow-up of 12 months (unless deceased). NLR was analysed as <5 vs. >= 5 and above and below the median. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and secondary endpoints @entity3 free survival and locoregional relapse free survival. Actuarial Kaplan-Meier statistics and log rank test were used. Univariate analysis for age (continuous), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0 vs. 1), gender (male vs. female), smoking (yes vs. no), American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage (III vs. IV) and NLR (<5 vs. >= 5 and <3.3 vs. >= 3.3) were performed. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were included in this analysis. Median NLR was 3.3 (0.4-22.8). After a median follow-up of 34 months (13-47 months), the 2-year estimated @entity1349 , @entity3 free survival and locoregional relapse free survival for NLR   <5 vs. >= 5 were 89% vs. 61% (p   =   0.017), 84% vs. 64% (p   =   0.083) and 81% vs. 70% (p   =   0.17) respectively. On univariate analysis NLR   >= 5 (p   =   0.025), older age (p   =   0.01) and ECOG 1 (p   =   0.025) were significant for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: In this cohort of locally advanced @entity135 @entity1 treated with chemoradiotherapy, pre-treatment NLR   >= 5 was prognostic for mortality. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to assess the interaction with other prognostic factors.

title: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity697 is a very common @entity341 ( @entity341 ) diagnosis accounting for greater than 1.5 million outpatient visits and 200,000 hospitalizations annually among @entity1 in the United States. Although guidelines exist to assist clinicians, they do not clearly address topics for which evidence is new or limited, including the use of antiemetic agents, probiotics, and intravenous (IV) fluid rehydration regimens. This study sought to describe the @entity341 treatments administered to @entity1 with @entity697 and to compare management between Canadian and U.S. physicians practicing pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). METHODS: Members of PEM research networks located in Canada and the United States were invited to participate in a cross-sectional, Internet-based survey. @entity1 were included if they are attending physicians and provide care to @entity1 <18 years of age in an @entity341 . RESULTS: In total, 235 of 339 (73%) eligible individuals responded. A total of 103 of 136 Canadian physicians (76%) report initiating oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in @entity1 with moderate @entity2700 , compared with 44 of 94 (47%) of their U.S. colleagues (p<0.001). The latter more often administer antiemetic agents to @entity1 with @entity391 (67% vs. 45%; p=0.001). American physicians administer larger IV fluid bolus volumes (p<0.001) and over shorter time periods (p=0.001) and repeat the fluid boluses more frequently (p<0.001). Probiotics are routinely recommended by only 35 of 230 respondents (15%). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of pediatric @entity1902 varies by geographic location and differs significantly between Canadian and American PEM physicians. Oral rehydration continues to be underused, particularly in the United States. Probiotic use remains uncommon, while @entity3974 administration has become routine. @entity1 frequently receive IV rehydration, with the rate and volume administered being greater in the United States.

title: The treatment of pediatric XXXX : a comparative analysis of pediatric emergency physicians' practice patterns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'Acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: The @entity1 brain can automatically detect auditory changes, as indexed by the mismatch negativity of event-related potentials. The mechanisms that underlie this response are poorly understood. We recorded primary auditory cortical and hippocampal (dentate gyrus, @entity1249 ) local-field potentials to serial tones in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 . In an oddball condition, a rare (deviant) tone (p=0.11) randomly replaced a repeated (standard) tone. The deviant tone was either lower (2200, 2700, 3200, 3700Hz) or higher (4300, 4800, 5300, 5800Hz) in frequency than the standard tone (4000Hz). In an equiprobability control condition, all nine tones were presented at random (p=0.11). Differential responses to deviant tones relative to the standard tone were found in the auditory cortex and the dentate gyrus but not in @entity1249 . Only in the dentate gyrus, the responses were found to be standard- (i.e., oddball condition-) specific. In the auditory cortex, the sound frequencies themselves sufficed to explain their generation. These findings tentatively suggest dissociation among non-contextual afferent, contextual afferent and auditory change detection processes. Most importantly, they remind us about the importance of strict control of physical sound features in mismatch negativity studies in animals.

title: Auditory cortical and hippocampal local-field potentials to frequency deviant tones in XXXX -anesthetized @entity35 : An unexpected role of the sound frequencies themselves.

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

answer: @entity4774 :: (MESH:D014520,Chemical) :: ['urethane']


abstract: The @entity1 brain can automatically detect auditory changes, as indexed by the mismatch negativity of event-related potentials. The mechanisms that underlie this response are poorly understood. We recorded primary auditory cortical and hippocampal (dentate gyrus, @entity1249 ) local-field potentials to serial tones in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 . In an oddball condition, a rare (deviant) tone (p=0.11) randomly replaced a repeated (standard) tone. The deviant tone was either lower (2200, 2700, 3200, 3700Hz) or higher (4300, 4800, 5300, 5800Hz) in frequency than the standard tone (4000Hz). In an equiprobability control condition, all nine tones were presented at random (p=0.11). Differential responses to deviant tones relative to the standard tone were found in the auditory cortex and the dentate gyrus but not in @entity1249 . Only in the dentate gyrus, the responses were found to be standard- (i.e., oddball condition-) specific. In the auditory cortex, the sound frequencies themselves sufficed to explain their generation. These findings tentatively suggest dissociation among non-contextual afferent, contextual afferent and auditory change detection processes. Most importantly, they remind us about the importance of strict control of physical sound features in mismatch negativity studies in animals.

title: Auditory cortical and hippocampal local-field potentials to frequency deviant tones in @entity4774 -anesthetized XXXX : An unexpected role of the sound frequencies themselves.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A 10 year-old, spayed female Domestic Short-Haired (DSH) cat was diagnosed with a large primary @entity2184 and exenteration was recommended. Thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasonography, and complete blood count and serum biochemistry panel did not reveal any abnormality compatible with @entity3 and surgery was performed. Histopathologic study of the eye confirmed a @entity320 . Five months later, the cat presented with a lameness of the right anterior extremity. On physical exam the right elbow was swollen and @entity158 . Radiographs showed a severe @entity3061 of the radial head and proximal diaphysis. Fine needle aspiration of the radius head identified a round cell @entity5 with scattered cells containing intracytoplasmatic pigmented granules, compatible with @entity320 . The owners decided not to treat the @entity1 with chemotherapy and declined a biopsy. Two months later, the cat died and necropsy was performed confirming bone metastasis of the @entity2184 . A diagnosis of generalized metastasis from primary @entity320 was made. This report describes, for the first time, long bone metastasis from an @entity2184 in a cat.

title: Unusual presentation of a metastatic XXXX in a cat.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma', 'diffuse iris melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the reduction of the @entity427 response magnitude when a startling stimulus is closely preceded by a weak stimulus. PPI is commonly used to measure sensorimotor gating. In @entity35 , the PPI reduction induced by the @entity935 agonist @entity3826 can be reversed by systemic administration of @entity1239 . A high concentration of nicotinic receptors is found in the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic structure with efferent projections to brain regions involved in the modulation of PPI, which has been shown to regulate the activity of midbrain @entity935 neurons. OBJECTIVES: The prospective role of nicotinic receptors in the LHb in the regulation of PPI was assessed in this study, using different pharmacological models of @entity51 . METHODS: Interactions between systemic @entity4944 and @entity1767 and intra-LHb infusions of @entity6959 (10  g/side) or @entity1239 (30  g/side) on PPI were analyzed in Experiments 1 and 2. Intra-LHb infusions of different @entity1239 doses (25, and 50  g/side) and their interactions with systemic administration of @entity4944 or @entity3390 on PPI were examined in Experiments 3 and 4. RESULTS: Infusions of @entity1239 into the LHb dose-dependently attenuated @entity4944 -induced @entity51 but had no effect on PPI disruptions caused by @entity3390 . Intra-LHb @entity6959 infusions did not affect PPI nor interact with dopaminergic manipulations. CONCLUSIONS: These results are congruent with previous reports of systemic @entity1239 effects on PPI, suggesting a role of the LHb in the attenuation of @entity51 caused by the hyperactivity of @entity935 systems.

title: Role of nicotinic receptors in the lateral habenula in the attenuation of @entity4944 -induced prepulse inhibition deficits of the acoustic XXXX response in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['dizocilpine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor gating deficits', 'PPI deficits']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['startle']


abstract: RATIONALE: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the reduction of the @entity427 response magnitude when a startling stimulus is closely preceded by a weak stimulus. PPI is commonly used to measure sensorimotor gating. In @entity35 , the PPI reduction induced by the @entity935 agonist @entity3826 can be reversed by systemic administration of @entity1239 . A high concentration of nicotinic receptors is found in the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic structure with efferent projections to brain regions involved in the modulation of PPI, which has been shown to regulate the activity of midbrain @entity935 neurons. OBJECTIVES: The prospective role of nicotinic receptors in the LHb in the regulation of PPI was assessed in this study, using different pharmacological models of @entity51 . METHODS: Interactions between systemic @entity4944 and @entity1767 and intra-LHb infusions of @entity6959 (10  g/side) or @entity1239 (30  g/side) on PPI were analyzed in Experiments 1 and 2. Intra-LHb infusions of different @entity1239 doses (25, and 50  g/side) and their interactions with systemic administration of @entity4944 or @entity3390 on PPI were examined in Experiments 3 and 4. RESULTS: Infusions of @entity1239 into the LHb dose-dependently attenuated @entity4944 -induced @entity51 but had no effect on PPI disruptions caused by @entity3390 . Intra-LHb @entity6959 infusions did not affect PPI nor interact with dopaminergic manipulations. CONCLUSIONS: These results are congruent with previous reports of systemic @entity1239 effects on PPI, suggesting a role of the LHb in the attenuation of @entity51 caused by the hyperactivity of @entity935 systems.

title: Role of nicotinic receptors in the lateral habenula in the attenuation of XXXX -induced prepulse inhibition deficits of the acoustic @entity427 response in @entity35 .

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: RATIONALE: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the reduction of the @entity427 response magnitude when a startling stimulus is closely preceded by a weak stimulus. PPI is commonly used to measure sensorimotor gating. In @entity35 , the PPI reduction induced by the @entity935 agonist @entity3826 can be reversed by systemic administration of @entity1239 . A high concentration of nicotinic receptors is found in the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic structure with efferent projections to brain regions involved in the modulation of PPI, which has been shown to regulate the activity of midbrain @entity935 neurons. OBJECTIVES: The prospective role of nicotinic receptors in the LHb in the regulation of PPI was assessed in this study, using different pharmacological models of @entity51 . METHODS: Interactions between systemic @entity4944 and @entity1767 and intra-LHb infusions of @entity6959 (10  g/side) or @entity1239 (30  g/side) on PPI were analyzed in Experiments 1 and 2. Intra-LHb infusions of different @entity1239 doses (25, and 50  g/side) and their interactions with systemic administration of @entity4944 or @entity3390 on PPI were examined in Experiments 3 and 4. RESULTS: Infusions of @entity1239 into the LHb dose-dependently attenuated @entity4944 -induced @entity51 but had no effect on PPI disruptions caused by @entity3390 . Intra-LHb @entity6959 infusions did not affect PPI nor interact with dopaminergic manipulations. CONCLUSIONS: These results are congruent with previous reports of systemic @entity1239 effects on PPI, suggesting a role of the LHb in the attenuation of @entity51 caused by the hyperactivity of @entity935 systems.

title: Role of nicotinic receptors in the lateral habenula in the attenuation of @entity4944 -induced prepulse inhibition deficits of the acoustic @entity427 response in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effect of feeding pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) containing @entity3505 middlings (WM) from durum @entity3505 (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Appulo) as a @entity4336 grain substitute on milk yield and composition performance was measured in Comisana Leccese crossbred lactating ewes. Forty ewes were divided into 2 equal groups and fed 1 of the 2 experimental diets for 18 wk. The control diet contained 255 g of @entity4336 /kg of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) as the main starch source, whereas the experimental diet contained 500 g of WM/kg of @entity62 . To evaluate the in vivo digestibility of pelleted TMR, 4 adult rams were placed in metabolic cages and their individual feces and urine were collected. In the performance trial, ewe milk yield was recorded daily and individual milk samples were analyzed weekly for milk composition and to determine milk renneting parameters. The ewes fed both diets showed similar @entity62 , crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber intakes. Digestibility of @entity62 , organic matter, and crude protein of the 2 TMR was similar, but neutral detergent fiber digestibility was higher in the WM diet. In the milking trial, the WM diet increased milk fat percentage and yield but had no effect on milk yield, protein, @entity1132 , and clotting properties compared with the control diet. Our findings indicate that WM can be fed to lactating ewes as an alternative to more traditional concentrate sources such as @entity4336 . Feeding 50% of WM in a lactation diet supported milking performance in a manner similar a @entity4336 -based diet. Moreover, the results may be applied in countries where @entity4336 cultivation is adversely affected by the high cost of production.

title: Effect of XXXX middlings-based total mixed ration on milk production and composition responses of lactating dairy ewes.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: Different dairy @entity291 breeding schemes were compared using stochastic simulations, in which the accuracy of the genomic breeding values was dependent on the structure of the breeding scheme, through the availability of new genotyped animals with phenotypic information. Most studies that predict the gain by implementing genomic selection apply a deterministic approach that requires assumptions about the accuracy of the genomic breeding values. The achieved @entity74 , when genomic selection was the only selection method to directly identify elite sires for widespread use and progeny testing was omitted, was compared with using genomic selection for preselection of young bulls for progeny testing and to a conventional progeny test scheme. The rate of inbreeding could be reduced by selecting more sires every year. Selecting 20 sires directly on their genomic breeding values gave a higher @entity74 than any progeny testing scheme, with the same rate of inbreeding as the schemes that used genomic selection for preselection of bulls before progeny testing. The genomic selection breeding schemes could reduce the rate of inbreeding and still increase @entity74 , compared with the conventional breeding scheme. Since progeny testing is expensive, the breeding scheme omitting the progeny test will be the cheapest one. Keeping the progeny test and use of genomic selection for preselection still has some advantages. It gives higher accuracy of breeding values and does not require a complete restructuring of the breeding program. Comparing at the same rate of inbreeding, using genomic selection for elite sire selection only gives a 13% increase in @entity74 , compared with using genomic selection for preselection. One way to reduce the costs of the scheme where genomic selection was used for preselection is to reduce the number of progeny tested bulls. This was here achieved without getting lower @entity74 or a higher rate of inbreeding.

title: A comparison of dairy XXXX breeding designs that use genomic selection.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic gain']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether more paired corticospinal-motoneuronal stimulation (PCMS) is more effective at inducing spinal level plasticity. METHODS: To produce facilitation, corticospinal volleys evoked by motor cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation ( @entity72111 ) were timed to arrive at corticospinal-motoneuronal synapses prior to antidromic potentials evoked in motoneurones by electrical brachial plexus stimulation. Paired stimuli were delivered repeatedly. 50-pair conditioning (50-PCMS) was compared to 100 pairs in single block (100-PCMSsingle) and spaced (2 blocks of 50, 15-min break; 100-PCMSspaced) patterns, and to 50 single, unpaired @entity72111 ( @entity72111 ). Biceps responses to cervicomedullary stimulation (cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials, CMEPs) and @entity72111 (motor evoked potentials, MEPs) were measured before and for 1h after conditioning (recorded each 5 min). RESULTS: After 100-PCMS, average CMEP areas were increased by 46    55% (mean    SD; n=10; 100-PCMSsingle) and 71    99% (100-PCMSspaced). 50-PCMS produced a non-significant 6    40% increase. After 100-PCMSsingle and 100-PCMSspaced, CMEPs were larger than those after @entity72111 from 0 to 60 min (p<0.05). 100-PCMSsingle and 100-PCMSspaced produced more reliable changes than 50-PCMS. Overall, MEPs were larger at 35-60 min; however there were no differences between conditioning protocols. CONCLUSIONS: More PCMS produces more reliable enhancement of corticospinal transmission. SIGNIFICANCE: This technique has therapeutic potential to improve muscle control in @entity1 with reduced descending drive.

title: More conditioning stimuli enhance synaptic plasticity in the XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Preservation of residual low-frequency hearing has become a priority in cochlear implantation. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of hearing preservation and effects on performance of loss of low-frequency acoustic hearing with two different length electrodes. Study design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary Care Hospital. @entity1 Twelve @entity1 were implanted with the CI422 a slim-straight electrode; the second group consisted of 10 @entity1 implanted with the Hybrid-L, a shorter hearing preservation electrode. Main outcome measure Audiometric thresholds and speech perception measures. Results At 1  year, 3/10 (30%) @entity1 with the Hybrid-L and 7/12 (58%) @entity1 with the CI422 lost residual acoustic hearing resulting in a profound @entity393 in the implanted ear. In comparing these @entity1 in particular, mean CNC words in the implanted ear were 72% in the CI422 electrode group and 15% in the Hybrid-L electrode group at 1  year (P  =  0.03). While hearing preservation rates with the Hybrid-L tended to be better, among recipients who lost residual hearing, speech perception was better in those with the longer CI422 electrode. Conclusions With emphasis on preservation of residual hearing, @entity1 need to be counseled regarding possible outcomes and options should @entity393 occur following implantation. While shorter electrodes may have better rates of hearing preservation, the @entity1 with the longer straight electrode in our study had significantly better speech understanding following the @entity393 .

title: Effects of XXXX on speech performance with the CI422 and the Hybrid-L electrode.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'loss of residual hearing']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['loss of residual hearing']


abstract: One hundred and seventy-two @entity1678 strains were isolated from aquatic hosts including fish, turtle, frogs, shellfish and water itself. The aquatic organisms were compared with 45 clinical strains with regard to biotype, hemolysin, and antibiogram. The carrier rate of A. hydrophila in the aquatic environment was 61.7%. Of the aquatic strains 51% were hemolysin producers, equivalent to a capability for producing enterotoxin. The hemolysin-producing capability of aquatic strains was not significantly different from that of the clinical strains. The main code numbers or biotypes of aquatic strains were 3265 (29.4%), 3065 (17.5%), 7065 (9.6%), 7265, 3225 (each 8.5%). The main code number or biotypes of clinical strains were 3265 (36.1%), 3065 (9.8%), 7261 (6.6%), 2265, 3261 and 6241 (each 4.9%). Analysis of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of both aquatic and clinical A. hydrophila strains using the microbroth dilution method showed that there is no significant difference in antibiotic susceptibility. Most aquatic and clinical strains were highly susceptible to @entity2890 , @entity801 , @entity4509 , @entity2261 , @entity3400 , @entity3524 and @entity2891 . Most strains of aquatic A. hydrophila were highly susceptible to @entity5503 and @entity2755 ; however, clinical strains were only moderately susceptible to the same drugs. Most aquatic and clinical strains were highly resistant to @entity869 , and moderately resistant to @entity72112 . Clinical strains were moderately resistant to @entity8900 ; however, aquatic strains were moderately susceptible to @entity8900 . Based on the above findings, we may considered aquatic environment be, at least partially, the source of clinical strains. Furthermore, biotypes of aquatic A. hydrophila do not correspond to antibiogram or hemolysin-producing patterns.

title: Comparative study of the biotype, hemolysin-producing capability and antibiogram of the aquatic and the clinical strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity72112 :: ('MESH:D013408', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity8900 :: ('MESH:D002514', 'Chemical') :: ['cephapirin']

answer: @entity1678 :: (644,Species) :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A novel system for the neuro-motor rehabilitation of upper limbs was validated in three sub-acute post- @entity64 pa-tients. The system permits synchronized cortical and kinematic measures by integrating high-resolution EEG, passive robotic device and Virtual Reality. The brain functional re-organization was monitored in association with motor patterns replicating ac-tivities of daily living (ADL). @entity1 underwent 13 rehabilita-tion sessions. At sessions 1, 7 and 13, clinical tests were adminis-tered to assess the level of motor impairment, and EEG was rec-orded during rehabilitation task execution. For each session and rehabilitation task, four kinematic indices of motor performance were calculated and compared with the outcome of clinical tests. Functional source maps were obtained from EEG data and pro-jected on the real @entity1 ' anatomy (MRI data). Laterality indic-es were calculated for hemispheric dominance assessment. All @entity1 showed increased participation in the rehabilitation process. Cortical activation changes during recovery were de-tected in relation to different motor patterns, hence verifying the system's suitability to add quantitative measures of motor per-formance and neural recovery to classical tests. We conclude that this system seems a promising tool for novel robot-based rehabili-tation paradigms tailored to individual needs and neuro-motor responses of the @entity1 .

title: Monitoring Neuro-motor Recovery from XXXX with High-resolution EEG, Robotics and Virtual Reality: a Proof of Concept.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity239 is a condition characterized by widespread chronic @entity158 . Due to the high prevalence and high costs, it has a substantial burden on society. Treatment results are diverse and only help a small subset of @entity1 . C2 nerve field stimulation, aka occipital nerve stimulation, is helpful and a minimally invasive treatment for primary @entity2794 . Small C2 pilot studies seem to be beneficial in @entity239 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 were implanted with a subcutaneous electrode in the C2 dermatoma as part of a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study followed by an open label follow up period of 6 months. The @entity1 underwent 2 week periods of different doses of stimulation consisting of minimal (.1  mA), subthreshold, and suprathreshold (for paresthesias) in a randomized order. Twenty seven @entity1 received a permanent implant and 25 completed the 6 month open label follow up period. RESULTS: During the 6 week trial phase of the study, @entity1 had an overall decrease of 36% on the @entity239 impact questionnaire (FIQ), a decrease of 33% @entity239 @entity158 and improvement of 42% on the impact on daily life activities and quality. These results imply an overall improvement in the disease burden, maintained at 6 months follow up, as well as an improvement in life quality of 50%. Seventy six  percent of @entity1 were satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment. There seems to be a dose-response curve, with increasing amplitudes leading to better clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous C2 nerve field stimulation seems to offer a safe and effective treatment option for selected medically intractable @entity1 with @entity239 .

title: C2 Nerve Field Stimulation for the Treatment of XXXX : A Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Cross-over Study.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['headache syndromes']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['Fibromyalgia']


abstract: @entity1356 is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and its genetic polymorphism is linked to the severity of @entity354 . Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) metabolized by P450 2C19 ( @entity4433 ) is the chief medication in @entity354 treatment. The @entity4433 genotype may influence the therapeutic effect of PPI for @entity354 . From November 2009 to June 2012, 184 @entity1 were enrolled in this study with endoscopy examination, 8 weeks of esomeprazole treatment, and 20 weeks of follow-up with questionnaire. These @entity1 also received endoscopy examination after 20 weeks. Blood was collected for genetic polymorphism analysis with polymerase chain reaction. After 8 weeks of treatment with esomeprazole, all of these 184 @entity1 had achieved complete symptom relief. However, in the following 12 weeks, 58.70% (108/184) complained of symptom relapse, 45.65% (84/184) @entity1 had persistent esophageal erosion verified by endoscopy, and in total, 76.09% (140/184) @entity1 had treatment failure at the end of 20 weeks. There were no influences between the genetic polymorphisms of @entity4433 and @entity1356 to treatment failure (p = 0.896). Therefore, prolonging PPI treatment and further lifestyle modification might be warranted for symptomatic mild @entity2910 . There were no relationships between @entity1356 and @entity4433 in the treatment effect in mild @entity354 .

title: Genetic polymorphisms of XXXX and @entity1356 have no influence on esomeprazole treatment for mild @entity2910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity4433 :: (1557,Gene) :: ['CYP2C19']