abstract: The prevalence of @entity356 in fundic @entity4726 is probably greater than previously recognized. To help elucidate the clinicopathology of this syndrome, we report a series of 11 @entity1 with solitary or multicentric @entity5 . In these @entity1 , basal @entity8243 levels and density of fundic mucosal endocrine cells were greater than that for @entity1 with uncomplicated fundic @entity4726 (p = 0.02 and p = 0.002, respectively). The @entity5 , of which the largest measured 30 mm, frequently showed characteristic endoscopic features. They were all situated in the fundic mucosa, which showed micronodular endocrine cell @entity1373 . Small, endoscopically evident tumorlets, or "early @entity4303 ," limited to the lamina propria were observed in some @entity1 . These lesions may represent intermediate stages between micronodules and invasive @entity4303 , all of which infiltrated at least into the muscularis mucosae of the gastric wall. Although some consistent characteristics features were noted, there were structural variations. The cells were argyrophil but nonargentaffin and did not stain with conventional mucus stains. They did not stain significantly for @entity787 ( @entity787 ). The secretory product of these @entity5 remains to be identified. Ultrastructurally, some @entity5 were mainly composed of enterochromaffinlike (ECL) cells, but in other @entity5 most of the cells could not be classified.

title: @entity356 associated with the syndrome of hypergastrinemic XXXX . A prospective analysis of 11 cases.

answer: @entity4726 :: (MESH:D005757,Disease) :: ['atrophic gastritis']


abstract: @entity35 were treated with @entity12880 , a hypolipidemic drug, and with @entity1955 . Both drugs which are known to cause peroxisome proliferation, and a concomitant increase in peroxisomal @entity844 beta-oxidation activity in liver increased one of the major integral peroxisomal membrane polypeptides (PMPs), with apparent molecular mass of 69-kDa, six- and twofold, respectively. On the other @entity1375 caused a decrease in peroxisomal @entity844 beta-oxidation activity and considerably lowered the concentration of @entity25982 69 in the peroxisomal membrane. Two other PMPs with apparent molecular masses of 36 and 22 kDa were not influenced by these treatments. The PMPs with apparent molecular masses of 42, 28, and 26 kDa were shown to be derived from the 69-kDa polypeptide by the activity of a yet uncharacterized endogenous protease during isolation of peroxisomes. Limited proteolysis of intact peroxisomes using proteinase K and subtilisin further substantiated that some portion of the 69-kDa polypeptide extends into the cytoplasm. The 36- and the 22-kDa polypeptides were accessible to proteolytic attack to a much lower extent and, therefore, are supposed to be rather deeply embedded within the peroxisomal membrane. It is demonstrated that peroxisomal @entity8595 synthetase, an integral PMP extending partially into the cytoplasm, and PMP 69 are not identical polypeptides. Comparison of the peroxisomal membrane with that of mitochondria and microsomes revealed that the 69- and 22-kDa polypeptides as well as the bifunctional protein of the peroxisomal @entity844 beta-oxidation pathway were specifically located only in peroxisomes. Considerable amounts of a polypeptide cross-reacting with the antiserum against the 36-kDa polypeptide were found in mitochondria.

title: Integral membrane polypeptides of XXXX liver peroxisomes: topology and response to different metabolic states.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hand hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Epidemiological studies related to the occurrence of @entity6004 commonly use symptom check-lists. The results of such studies depend on, amongst others, the construction of the questionnaire and especially on the specification of the value of the questionnaire (GSI) which is determined as the boundary between the "psychophysiological" or organic symptoms and @entity6004 . A control study was carried out on the norms of two symptom checklists which have been used for many years in Poland: SCL-"S" (73 symptoms), most often diagnosed in @entity6004 @entity1 , at the time of constructing the questionnaire and the SCL-"O" (the same 73 + 62 other symptoms). The criterion population was made up of 843 untreated subjects and 2026 @entity1 of day-hospitals. The norms specified by the method of finding the "optimal cut-off point" were approx. 5% in the SCL-"S" and 3% in the SCL-"O" higher for the cohort of @entity1 than for @entity1 . According to those norms, about 30% of the untreated population gains the same result of Global Severity Index (GSI) as about 90% of @entity1 treated for @entity6004 and could be diagnosed as @entity6004 . The GSI norms for the SCL-"S" more often indicated the existence of these disorders in the group of untreated @entity1 than in the @entity1 's group, while the norms of SCL-"O" indicate a similar frequency of the disease independently of the gender. The symptom frequency analysis presenting differences in the @entity1 (1165 ss.) and @entity1 (861 ss.) @entity1 groups and lead also to the hypothesis on the dependency of such epidemiological data on the construction of the symptom check-lists--especially the number of variables concerning symptoms more frequent in the female and/or in the male populations.

title: [Symptom check-lists in the diagnosis and epidemiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic symptoms', 'neurotic', 'neurotic disorders']

answer: @entity6004 :: (MESH:D009497,Disease) :: ['neurotic disorders']


abstract: The effect of a @entity56 occurring after injection of @entity8162 @entity114 on the occurrence of different @entity6004 is a subject of the paper. 31 clinical cases, in which during the @entity114 treatment the said reaction took place, were analysed. It has been found that the most often found consequence of that treatment is conversive @entity11167 , and subsequently the @entity16251 . On an average an @entity56 occurred after the sixth injection. In 94% of the @entity1 the @entity6004 appeared immediately after the described reaction. A positive correlation between the @entity1 's age and an intensity of the converse symptoms was found. The Hoigne'a syndrome was a strong @entity1032 , and was treated as an @entity56 for all of the @entity1 . The @entity1 were afraid of the next injection and they all refused to give permission for the continuation of such treatment. @entity6004 related to @entity244 turned out to be prolonged with a tendency for relapses, and low susceptibility to different methods of treatment. The mechanism of non-allergic acute reaction after @entity16630 and ways of its prevention are also discussed.

title: [Acute @entity56 after administration of XXXX as a factor in the occurrence of @entity6004 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental trauma']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity16630 :: ('MESH:D010402', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine penicillin']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic symptoms', 'Neurotic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic shock', 'acute non-allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Hoigne's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity16251 :: ('MESH:D006998', 'Disease') :: ['hypochondriac syndrome']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: The effect of a @entity56 occurring after injection of @entity8162 @entity114 on the occurrence of different @entity6004 is a subject of the paper. 31 clinical cases, in which during the @entity114 treatment the said reaction took place, were analysed. It has been found that the most often found consequence of that treatment is conversive @entity11167 , and subsequently the @entity16251 . On an average an @entity56 occurred after the sixth injection. In 94% of the @entity1 the @entity6004 appeared immediately after the described reaction. A positive correlation between the @entity1 's age and an intensity of the converse symptoms was found. The Hoigne'a syndrome was a strong @entity1032 , and was treated as an @entity56 for all of the @entity1 . The @entity1 were afraid of the next injection and they all refused to give permission for the continuation of such treatment. @entity6004 related to @entity244 turned out to be prolonged with a tendency for relapses, and low susceptibility to different methods of treatment. The mechanism of non-allergic acute reaction after @entity16630 and ways of its prevention are also discussed.

title: [Acute @entity56 after administration of @entity114 as a factor in the occurrence of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6004 :: (MESH:D009497,Disease) :: ['neurotic symptoms']


abstract: The effect of a @entity56 occurring after injection of @entity8162 @entity114 on the occurrence of different @entity6004 is a subject of the paper. 31 clinical cases, in which during the @entity114 treatment the said reaction took place, were analysed. It has been found that the most often found consequence of that treatment is conversive @entity11167 , and subsequently the @entity16251 . On an average an @entity56 occurred after the sixth injection. In 94% of the @entity1 the @entity6004 appeared immediately after the described reaction. A positive correlation between the @entity1 's age and an intensity of the converse symptoms was found. The Hoigne'a syndrome was a strong @entity1032 , and was treated as an @entity56 for all of the @entity1 . The @entity1 were afraid of the next injection and they all refused to give permission for the continuation of such treatment. @entity6004 related to @entity244 turned out to be prolonged with a tendency for relapses, and low susceptibility to different methods of treatment. The mechanism of non-allergic acute reaction after @entity16630 and ways of its prevention are also discussed.

title: [Acute XXXX after administration of @entity114 as a factor in the occurrence of @entity6004 ].

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['non-allergic reaction']


abstract: The kappa-opioid receptor antagonist @entity14719 ( @entity14719 ) was recently shown to potentiate certain overt withdrawal signs in @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 . The present study sought to further assess this phenomenon by examining the influence of @entity14719 treatment upon the conditioned place aversion associated with the @entity1510 -precipitated @entity3347 . In addition, in vivo microdialysis studies were conducted in @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 to determine whether @entity14719 treatment can modify withdrawal-induced changes in basal @entity935 (DA) release within the mesolimbic system. @entity35 were pretreated with either saline or a single dose of @entity14719 and then received ascending doses of @entity1286 for 10 days. A @entity3347 was then precipitated by the administration of @entity1510 (1 mg/kg SC). In @entity35 which received chronic @entity1286 injections, administration of @entity1510 produced a characteristic @entity3347 and a marked aversion for an environment previously associated with @entity1510 -precipitated withdrawal. @entity14719 treatment potentiated most overt signs of @entity734 . This treatment also resulted in a greater withdrawal-induced place aversion. @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 exhibited a marked reduction in basal mesolimbic DA release. An even greater decrease in basal DA release was observed in @entity14719 treated @entity35 . These results suggest that endogenous kappa-systems are important in the modulation of mesolimbic DA release and the accompanying place aversion which occurs during opiate withdrawal.

title: Endogenous kappa-opioid systems in opiate withdrawal: role in aversion and accompanying changes in mesolimbic XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity14719 :: ('MESH:C051844', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-BNI', 'nor-binaltorphimine', 'Nor-BNI']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['physical dependence']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The pharmacological specificity of alpha-2 adrenoceptor involvement in the modulation of rough-and-tumble play behavior was assessed in juvenile @entity35 . The alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists @entity9006 and @entity23190 both increased the frequency of pinning in individually housed @entity35 that were given a brief opportunity to play. Dorsal contacts, a measure of play solicitation, were not consistently affected by these compounds. Since @entity23190 shows little affinity for non-adrenoceptor @entity947 binding sites, it is likely that the facilitation of play following administration of these two compounds is due to blockade of alpha-2 receptors. The effect of @entity23190 and @entity9006 is unlikely to be an artifact associated with using @entity35 that are reared in isolation, as @entity23190 also increased pinning, as well as dorsal contacts, in group-housed @entity35 that were isolated for a short period (4h) before the play session. The alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist @entity3159 , which also binds to alpha-2B receptors, reduced the frequency of both pinning and dorsal contacts. There was a strong trend for @entity29749 , a centrally active alpha-1 agonist, to attenuate the effect of @entity3159 on play. While this leaves open the possibility that @entity3159 may be reducing play through alpha-1 blockade, antagonist activity at alpha-2B receptors cannot be ruled out. From these data, we conclude that the facilitation of play following @entity9006 and @entity23190 is likely due to blockade of alpha-2A adrenoceptors. These findings add further support for a specific role of alpha-adrenoceptors in the modulation of playfulness in the juvenile @entity35 .

title: Effects of alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists on rough-and-tumble play in juvenile @entity35 : evidence for a site of action independent of non-adrenoceptor XXXX binding sites.

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

answer: @entity947 :: (CHEBI:53094,Chemical) :: ['imidazoline']


abstract: The pharmacological specificity of alpha-2 adrenoceptor involvement in the modulation of rough-and-tumble play behavior was assessed in juvenile @entity35 . The alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists @entity9006 and @entity23190 both increased the frequency of pinning in individually housed @entity35 that were given a brief opportunity to play. Dorsal contacts, a measure of play solicitation, were not consistently affected by these compounds. Since @entity23190 shows little affinity for non-adrenoceptor @entity947 binding sites, it is likely that the facilitation of play following administration of these two compounds is due to blockade of alpha-2 receptors. The effect of @entity23190 and @entity9006 is unlikely to be an artifact associated with using @entity35 that are reared in isolation, as @entity23190 also increased pinning, as well as dorsal contacts, in group-housed @entity35 that were isolated for a short period (4h) before the play session. The alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist @entity3159 , which also binds to alpha-2B receptors, reduced the frequency of both pinning and dorsal contacts. There was a strong trend for @entity29749 , a centrally active alpha-1 agonist, to attenuate the effect of @entity3159 on play. While this leaves open the possibility that @entity3159 may be reducing play through alpha-1 blockade, antagonist activity at alpha-2B receptors cannot be ruled out. From these data, we conclude that the facilitation of play following @entity9006 and @entity23190 is likely due to blockade of alpha-2A adrenoceptors. These findings add further support for a specific role of alpha-adrenoceptors in the modulation of playfulness in the juvenile @entity35 .

title: Effects of alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists on rough-and-tumble play in juvenile XXXX : evidence for a site of action independent of non-adrenoceptor @entity947 binding sites.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A survey of @entity1 attending ten outpatient @entity158 clinics throughout northern Britain was undertaken to identify opportunities for improving the treatment of @entity158 @entity1 . A short data collection form was designed to obtain information at every @entity1 consultation. The @entity1 were found to be a diverse group, many with @entity158 problems. For many @entity1 meaningful diagnoses could not be obtained. The focus of the study was altered to address a selected group of @entity1 : those with @entity158 . This group was selected because it was comparatively easy to define, and previous studies suggested that @entity16 @entity158 might not always be well managed. Many @entity1 were found not to have had adequate trials of potentially effective therapies prior to attendance at the @entity158 clinics. Some of these therapies, such as antidepressants and anticonvulsants, could have been prescribed by general practitioners. However, there were also substantial differences between the clinics in the proportion of @entity1 receiving particular therapies. Finally, although many @entity1 had psychological morbidity few were offered psychological assessment and management. These studies have shown that the @entity158 clinics provide a range of therapies which @entity1 are unlikely to receive elsewhere. But there is scope for improvement in the management of @entity1 in @entity158 clinics and efforts are currently being directed towards this.

title: Entering the loop: assessing the contribution of XXXX clinics in northern Britain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['complex pain', 'pain', 'neurogenic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1 who have recovered from @entity706 are at an increased risk of secondary @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and overt @entity3052 is frequently preceded by a @entity2590 . Although the statistical risk is significant, only a minority of the @entity1 will be so affected. We have reviewed peripheral blood counts of @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) treated in the Departments of Hematology at the Edith Wolfson and Chaim Sheba Medical Centers, Israel. Included were only those who went into a complete remission and remained @entity706 free for extended periods. There were 85 @entity1 with @entity978 and 36 with @entity1893 . In both groups peripheral blood counts at diagnosis were within the normal range. A prolonged follow-up (> 4 y), during which no further treatment was given, revealed a sustained increment over time of MCV (delta MCV) both in @entity978 and @entity1893 . A persistent @entity30030 in @entity978 @entity1 was also evident. delta MCV was larger in @entity978 . The difference at the end of the follow-up period was as follows: 10.1 fl + 11.8 in @entity978 vs 5.0 fl + 6.2 in @entity1893 , (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant loss of the normal correlation between the MCV and levels of hemoglobin was seen at the last follow-up. The change in MCV was present in all treatment groups, its magnitude increasing from radiotherapy to chemotherapy to combined radio chemotherapy. This trend is in analogy to the risk of secondary @entity3052 which is lower in @entity1893 vs @entity978 . Furthermore, it is lowest post radiotherapy and highest when both treatment modalities are used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Persistent abnormalities in red cell parameters following treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity30030 :: ('MESH:C538328', 'Disease') :: ['monocytosis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, originating in the brainstem and terminating in the dorsal horn, modulate the spinal processing of nociception. The inhibitory effects of @entity1063 (NE) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) on elements of nociceptive transmission may be direct, or secondary to the release of neuromodulators such as opioid peptides. Two major criteria have been used in pharmacological studies of spinal opioid and @entity1154 interactions: the ability of opioid antagonists to attenuate the antinociceptive effects evoked by stimulating the release of endogenous NE and @entity750 in the lumbar spinal cord, or by the intrathecal injection of exogenous NE and @entity750 ; and the development of cross tolerance between opioids and each of NE and @entity750 . Evidence regarding the spinal interaction between opioids and @entity1154 in mediating behavioural analgesia is reviewed. Recent results from this laboratory indicate that IT @entity1510 but not @entity1510 produces dose-dependent antagonism of IT NE-induced antinociception in the @entity35 . This effect was not due to @entity1931 . In @entity35 made tolerant to spinal @entity1286 using continuous IT infusion, the antinociceptive effect of continuous IT NE was significantly attenuated. However, no cross tolerance was observed between @entity1286 and @entity750 . Observations from a variety of studies support the hypothesis of a spinal opioid link which contributes, in part, to NE-induced antinociception. However, this interaction remains to be conclusively established.

title: XXXX and opioid interactions in spinal analgesia and tolerance.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine', 'monoamines']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['Monoamine']


abstract: The induction of DNA adducts and @entity652 in the lungs of strain A/J @entity19 has been investigated following the single i.p. administration of each of the following @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ): @entity9435 , @entity9438 , @entity3014 , @entity12685 , @entity71183 , and @entity47541 . DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling at times between 1 and 21 days following injection, while @entity652 were counted at 240 days after treatment. @entity9435 did not induce either DNA adducts or lung @entity652 at any of the doses examined. Each of the remaining @entity2556 induced both @entity652 and DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, with @entity9438 > @entity71183 > @entity47541 > @entity3014 > @entity12685 . DNA adducts reached maximal levels between 3 and 9 days after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. The time-integrated DNA adduct level (TIDAL) was calculated by numerically integrating the areas under the adduct persistence curves extrapolated to 240 days for each @entity2556 at each dose level. This value represents the effective total molecular dose of @entity2556 that was delivered to the lung DNA over the entire course of tumorigenesis. A strong correlation of @entity652 induction with the TIDAL values was observed for each @entity2556 . The @entity5 versus TIDAL value relationships were essentially identical for @entity71183 , @entity47541 , @entity3014 , and @entity12685 . The slope of this relationship for @entity9438 was markedly greater. The essentially identical induction of @entity652 as a function of TIDAL values for these @entity2556 suggests that the formation and persistence of DNA adducts determines their carcinogenic potency.

title: XXXX induced by @entity2555 in strain A/J @entity19 lung correlate with time-integrated DNA adduct levels.

entities_list: @entity12685 :: ('MESH:C006703', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[b]fluoranthene']

entities_list: @entity9438 :: ('MESH:C026486', 'Chemical') :: ['dibenz[a,h]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity71183 :: ('MESH:C008422', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methylchrysene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['slopes of the tumors']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity47541 :: ('MESH:C016328', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopenta[cd]pyrene', 'cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity9435 :: ('MESH:C030984', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrene', 'pyrene']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenoma', 'adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adenomas']


abstract: The induction of DNA adducts and @entity652 in the lungs of strain A/J @entity19 has been investigated following the single i.p. administration of each of the following @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ): @entity9435 , @entity9438 , @entity3014 , @entity12685 , @entity71183 , and @entity47541 . DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling at times between 1 and 21 days following injection, while @entity652 were counted at 240 days after treatment. @entity9435 did not induce either DNA adducts or lung @entity652 at any of the doses examined. Each of the remaining @entity2556 induced both @entity652 and DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, with @entity9438 > @entity71183 > @entity47541 > @entity3014 > @entity12685 . DNA adducts reached maximal levels between 3 and 9 days after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. The time-integrated DNA adduct level (TIDAL) was calculated by numerically integrating the areas under the adduct persistence curves extrapolated to 240 days for each @entity2556 at each dose level. This value represents the effective total molecular dose of @entity2556 that was delivered to the lung DNA over the entire course of tumorigenesis. A strong correlation of @entity652 induction with the TIDAL values was observed for each @entity2556 . The @entity5 versus TIDAL value relationships were essentially identical for @entity71183 , @entity47541 , @entity3014 , and @entity12685 . The slope of this relationship for @entity9438 was markedly greater. The essentially identical induction of @entity652 as a function of TIDAL values for these @entity2556 suggests that the formation and persistence of DNA adducts determines their carcinogenic potency.

title: @entity652 induced by XXXX in strain A/J @entity19 lung correlate with time-integrated DNA adduct levels.

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: The induction of DNA adducts and @entity652 in the lungs of strain A/J @entity19 has been investigated following the single i.p. administration of each of the following @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ): @entity9435 , @entity9438 , @entity3014 , @entity12685 , @entity71183 , and @entity47541 . DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling at times between 1 and 21 days following injection, while @entity652 were counted at 240 days after treatment. @entity9435 did not induce either DNA adducts or lung @entity652 at any of the doses examined. Each of the remaining @entity2556 induced both @entity652 and DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, with @entity9438 > @entity71183 > @entity47541 > @entity3014 > @entity12685 . DNA adducts reached maximal levels between 3 and 9 days after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. The time-integrated DNA adduct level (TIDAL) was calculated by numerically integrating the areas under the adduct persistence curves extrapolated to 240 days for each @entity2556 at each dose level. This value represents the effective total molecular dose of @entity2556 that was delivered to the lung DNA over the entire course of tumorigenesis. A strong correlation of @entity652 induction with the TIDAL values was observed for each @entity2556 . The @entity5 versus TIDAL value relationships were essentially identical for @entity71183 , @entity47541 , @entity3014 , and @entity12685 . The slope of this relationship for @entity9438 was markedly greater. The essentially identical induction of @entity652 as a function of TIDAL values for these @entity2556 suggests that the formation and persistence of DNA adducts determines their carcinogenic potency.

title: @entity652 induced by @entity2555 in strain A/J XXXX lung correlate with time-integrated DNA adduct levels.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Factors influencing total coronary vascular resistance (CVR) during @entity2332 were studied in 30 mongrel @entity235 . Complete isolation of the heart in situ was achieved by transection of all cardiac neural and vascular connections in 15 @entity235 (denervated, Group I). Cardiac innervation was maintained in the other 15 @entity235 using systemic normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (innervated, Group II). The aortic root was perfused with heparinized oxygenated blood at a constant flow rate at variable myocardial temperatures. Electromechanical arrest was achieved using @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ) (25 meq/liter) added to the coronary perfusate. In each group, 5 @entity235 were maintained at a flow rate of 10 cc/kg/min without @entity4338 and allowed to beat spontaneously, another 5 at a flow rate of 10 cc/kg/min and arrested with @entity4338 , and the remaining 5 at a flow rate of 5 cc/kg/min with @entity4338 . Total coronary vascular resistance was calculated from aortic root pressure, right atrial pressure, and flow rate and expressed in units per 100 grams of cardiac tissue. At 37 degrees C, resistance was lower in the denervated arrested (1.3 +/- 0.2) than in the innervated arrested hearts (2.1 +/- 0.2) (P less than 0.001). Preservation of spontaneous electromechanical activity in the innervated hearts resulted in a lower resistance (0.4 +/- 0.1) (P less than 0.001). A progressive decrease in myocardial temperature to 15 degrees C resulted in a corresponding decrease in coronary vascular resistance to a plateau value (0.5 to 0.7 U) in all arrested groups. The data suggest that at normothermia, innervation increases vascular tone in the coronary vascular bed, while electromechanical activity decreases it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Factors influencing coronary vascular resistance during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: During the past 3 years six episodes of @entity63 ( @entity63 ) have been identified in five @entity1 as a complication of upper extremity dialysis grafts. All @entity1 had long-standing @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 , @entity1897 , and brachial artery graft origins, whereas 60% had @entity1095 . Five episodes occurred immediately after graft placement, whereas one was due to a graft-related thromboembolus. Diagnostic delay was common with initial findings attributed to anesthesia, positioning, or surgical @entity130 . Electrophysiologic studies showed underlying @entity3949 with @entity16 distal to the grafts. Digital pressure indices were reduced but there was no critical @entity63 . In three cases @entity63 was completely corrected with improvement in one. One @entity1 had proximal balloon angioplasty with no improvement and of the two untreated @entity1 , one improved slightly. @entity63 is a rare but disabling complication of dialysis access in @entity6 @entity1 . Its occurrence is unpredictable and diagnostic delay is common. Correction of @entity63 is indicated but usually does not improve the @entity16 . Prevention requires further research to more accurately characterize the @entity1 at risk.

title: XXXX : an under-recognized complication of hemodialysis access.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic uremic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic monomelic neuropathy', 'ischemia', 'IMN', 'Ischemic monomelic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['severe multifocal neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic monomelic neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1246 receptor ( @entity1246 -A) is the most common receptor of fast synaptic inhibition in the @entity1 brain. Gamma protein encoded by the @entity65316 gene is one of the subunits of the @entity1246 -A receptor, which plays an essential role in the function of this receptor. Several studies have identified various @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and @entity302 risk variants of @entity65316 gene in different populations, but some others did not support these results. The aim of this case-control study is to investigate whether @entity65316 polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility for @entity410 and @entity302 in pooled data of three cohorts, from Malaysia (composed of Malay, Chinese, and Indian), Hong Kong, and Korea. Furthermore, the pooled dataset of these cohorts with previous reports were meta-analyzed for determining the risk effect size of the @entity71184 polymorphism on @entity410 and @entity302 ( @entity302 ). The @entity71184 , @entity71185 , @entity71186 , @entity71187 , @entity71188 , and @entity71189 polymorphisms were genotyped in the 6442 subjects (1729 @entity302 and 4713 controls). Results of the case-control study showed associations between @entity71184 and the risk of @entity302 in the pooled data from all cohorts (T vs. C, p   =   3   *   10(-5), and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-5)) and the risk of partial @entity410 in the combined data of Malaysia and Hong Kong (both T vs. C and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-6)). The @entity71184 - @entity71185 and @entity71187 - @entity71188 - @entity71189 haplotypes were also associated with susceptibility to @entity302 in Chinese. Meta-analysis of all Asians identified association between @entity71184 and @entity410 and @entity302 (T vs. C, p   =   4   *   10(-4), and p   =   4   *   10(-3), respectively). In conclusion, @entity71184 alone may be a risk factor for @entity410 , partial @entity410 , and @entity302 , and in linkage disequilibrium with @entity71185 can contribute to @entity410 and @entity302 in Asians, particularly in Chinese.

title: Contribution of @entity65316 Polymorphisms to Risk of XXXX : a Multicenter Cohort Study and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'FS', 'febrile seizure']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'SE']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy and Febrile Seizure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1246 receptor ( @entity1246 -A) is the most common receptor of fast synaptic inhibition in the @entity1 brain. Gamma protein encoded by the @entity65316 gene is one of the subunits of the @entity1246 -A receptor, which plays an essential role in the function of this receptor. Several studies have identified various @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and @entity302 risk variants of @entity65316 gene in different populations, but some others did not support these results. The aim of this case-control study is to investigate whether @entity65316 polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility for @entity410 and @entity302 in pooled data of three cohorts, from Malaysia (composed of Malay, Chinese, and Indian), Hong Kong, and Korea. Furthermore, the pooled dataset of these cohorts with previous reports were meta-analyzed for determining the risk effect size of the @entity71184 polymorphism on @entity410 and @entity302 ( @entity302 ). The @entity71184 , @entity71185 , @entity71186 , @entity71187 , @entity71188 , and @entity71189 polymorphisms were genotyped in the 6442 subjects (1729 @entity302 and 4713 controls). Results of the case-control study showed associations between @entity71184 and the risk of @entity302 in the pooled data from all cohorts (T vs. C, p   =   3   *   10(-5), and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-5)) and the risk of partial @entity410 in the combined data of Malaysia and Hong Kong (both T vs. C and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-6)). The @entity71184 - @entity71185 and @entity71187 - @entity71188 - @entity71189 haplotypes were also associated with susceptibility to @entity302 in Chinese. Meta-analysis of all Asians identified association between @entity71184 and @entity410 and @entity302 (T vs. C, p   =   4   *   10(-4), and p   =   4   *   10(-3), respectively). In conclusion, @entity71184 alone may be a risk factor for @entity410 , partial @entity410 , and @entity302 , and in linkage disequilibrium with @entity71185 can contribute to @entity410 and @entity302 in Asians, particularly in Chinese.

title: Contribution of XXXX Polymorphisms to Risk of @entity410 : a Multicenter Cohort Study and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity65316 :: (2566,Gene) :: ['GABRG2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase y (PI3Ky) is linked to neuroinflammation and phagocytosis. This study was conducted to elucidate conjectural differences of lipid kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions of PI3Ky in the evolvement of @entity75 induced by focal @entity2806 /reperfusion. Therefore, PI3Ky wild-type, knockout, and kinase-dead @entity19 were subjected to @entity2500 followed by reperfusion. Tissue damage and cellular composition were assessed by immunohistochemical stainings. In addition, microglial cells derived from respective @entity19 genotypes were used for analysis of PI3Ky effects on phagocytic activity, @entity1235 release, and @entity268 content under conditions of @entity26 / @entity413 deprivation and recovery. @entity4798 was more pronounced in PI3Ky-knockout @entity19 compared to wild-type and kinase-dead @entity19 48  h after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a reduced amount of galectin-3/ @entity9675 -positive microglial cells indicating that activated phagocytosis was reduced in ischemic brains of knockout @entity19 . Cell culture studies disclosed enhanced metalloproteinase-9 secretion in supernatants derived from microglia of PI3Ky-deficient @entity19 after 2-h @entity26 / @entity413 deprivation and 48-h recovery. Furthermore, PI3Ky-deficient microglial cells showed a failed phagocytic activation throughout the observed recovery period. Lastly, PI3Ky-deficient microglia exhibited strongly increased @entity268 levels in comparison with wild-type microglia or cells expressing kinase-dead PI3Ky after @entity26 / @entity413 deprivation and recovery. Our data suggest PI3Ky kinase activity-independent control of @entity268 phosphodiesterase as a crucial mediator of microglial @entity268 regulation, @entity1235 expression, and phagocytic activity following focal @entity2806 /recirculation. The suppressive effect of PI3Ky on @entity268 levels appears critical for the restriction of @entity63 -induced immune cell functions and in turn tissue damage.

title: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase y Restrains Neurotoxic Effects of Microglia After Focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['Brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Brain Ischemia']


abstract: Two phase II studies of @entity1311 involving @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) have been completed. The first study, conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), involved 25 previously untreated @entity1 who received intravenous (i.v.) @entity1311 250 mg/m2 over 24 hours every 3 weeks. Among 24 evaluable @entity1 with @entity5 , 5 partial responses (21%) were observed, median survival was 24.1 weeks, and 1-year survival was approximately 45%. Common @entity137 included @entity1431 (66% grade 4), @entity2359 (28% grade 3), and @entity1370 (12.5% grade 3). The second trial, conducted at the M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center, yielded similar results. Twenty-seven previously untreated @entity1 with @entity5 received @entity1311 200 to 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours every 3 weeks, yielding 1 complete response and 5 partial responses (24%) in 25 evaluable @entity1 . The major @entity137 was @entity1431 . No @entity1370 was seen. For the past several years ECOG has tested several agents against previously untreated @entity1149 , and none has demonstrated a response rate greater than 10%, other than @entity1311 . Given these results, the ECOG plans to conduct a three-arm phase III study involving @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 comparing 'standard' @entity900 / @entity2879 chemotherapy to two @entity1311 -containing arms: (1) @entity1311 135 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity900 75 mg/m2 i.v.; (2) @entity1311 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity900 75 mg/m2 i.v. plus recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX ( @entity1311 ) in the treatment of lung cancer: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV disease', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity', 'cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Taxol']


abstract: Two phase II studies of @entity1311 involving @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) have been completed. The first study, conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), involved 25 previously untreated @entity1 who received intravenous (i.v.) @entity1311 250 mg/m2 over 24 hours every 3 weeks. Among 24 evaluable @entity1 with @entity5 , 5 partial responses (21%) were observed, median survival was 24.1 weeks, and 1-year survival was approximately 45%. Common @entity137 included @entity1431 (66% grade 4), @entity2359 (28% grade 3), and @entity1370 (12.5% grade 3). The second trial, conducted at the M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center, yielded similar results. Twenty-seven previously untreated @entity1 with @entity5 received @entity1311 200 to 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours every 3 weeks, yielding 1 complete response and 5 partial responses (24%) in 25 evaluable @entity1 . The major @entity137 was @entity1431 . No @entity1370 was seen. For the past several years ECOG has tested several agents against previously untreated @entity1149 , and none has demonstrated a response rate greater than 10%, other than @entity1311 . Given these results, the ECOG plans to conduct a three-arm phase III study involving @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 comparing 'standard' @entity900 / @entity2879 chemotherapy to two @entity1311 -containing arms: (1) @entity1311 135 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity900 75 mg/m2 i.v.; (2) @entity1311 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity900 75 mg/m2 i.v. plus recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1311 ( XXXX ) in the treatment of lung cancer: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: We evaluated the way in which duration of hemodialysis treatment affects nutritional status in 96 @entity454 @entity1 . According to the length of previous hemodialysis treatment @entity1 were divided into the groups: onset hemodialysis (ON- @entity2033 ), early-stage hemodialysis (ES- @entity2033 , 1-8 months), mid-stage hemodialysis (MS- @entity2033 , 9-69 months), and @entity5 ( @entity5 , 70-207 months). Nutritional status was assessed by laboratory data (serum proteins, total lymphocyte count), intradermal skin antigen testing, anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], infrared interactance), and records of food intake. ON- @entity2033 @entity1 on a low-protein diet exhibited abnormally low values for serum total protein, albumin, @entity69 , and total lymphocyte count and a high prevalence of anergy to skin antigens (69%). In the ES- @entity2033 and MS- @entity2033 groups values for serum proteins and total lymphocyte count were in the normal range and significantly higher than in ON- @entity2033 @entity1 . In addition, a lower proportion of cutaneous anergy was observed (50% and 27%, respectively). Long-term hemodialysis therapy for 6-17 years ( @entity5 ) was associated with normal levels for all measured serum proteins. Subnormal levels of total lymphocyte count, significantly lower than in MS- @entity2033 @entity1 , were associated with an increase in anergy to skin antigens (46%). Serum prealbumin, complement C3c, BMI, body fat, and lean body mass exhibited normal values in all @entity1 and showed no differences between groups. These results indicate that diminished visceral protein stores, @entity2905 , and anergy to skin antigens are widespread in undialyzed uremic @entity1 with @entity454 but become uncommon after the initiation of regular hemodialysis therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impact of long-term hemodialysis on nutritional status in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage hemodialysis', 'AS-HD']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal failure']


abstract: We evaluated the way in which duration of hemodialysis treatment affects nutritional status in 96 @entity454 @entity1 . According to the length of previous hemodialysis treatment @entity1 were divided into the groups: onset hemodialysis (ON- @entity2033 ), early-stage hemodialysis (ES- @entity2033 , 1-8 months), mid-stage hemodialysis (MS- @entity2033 , 9-69 months), and @entity5 ( @entity5 , 70-207 months). Nutritional status was assessed by laboratory data (serum proteins, total lymphocyte count), intradermal skin antigen testing, anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], infrared interactance), and records of food intake. ON- @entity2033 @entity1 on a low-protein diet exhibited abnormally low values for serum total protein, albumin, @entity69 , and total lymphocyte count and a high prevalence of anergy to skin antigens (69%). In the ES- @entity2033 and MS- @entity2033 groups values for serum proteins and total lymphocyte count were in the normal range and significantly higher than in ON- @entity2033 @entity1 . In addition, a lower proportion of cutaneous anergy was observed (50% and 27%, respectively). Long-term hemodialysis therapy for 6-17 years ( @entity5 ) was associated with normal levels for all measured serum proteins. Subnormal levels of total lymphocyte count, significantly lower than in MS- @entity2033 @entity1 , were associated with an increase in anergy to skin antigens (46%). Serum prealbumin, complement C3c, BMI, body fat, and lean body mass exhibited normal values in all @entity1 and showed no differences between groups. These results indicate that diminished visceral protein stores, @entity2905 , and anergy to skin antigens are widespread in undialyzed uremic @entity1 with @entity454 but become uncommon after the initiation of regular hemodialysis therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impact of long-term hemodialysis on nutritional status in XXXX with @entity454 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Targeted automated external defibrillator (AED) programs have improved survival rates among @entity1 who have an out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) in US airports, as well as European and Japanese railways. The Sao Paulo (Brazil) Metro subway carries 4.5 million @entity1 per day. A targeted AED program was begun in the Sao Paulo Metro with the objective to improve survival from @entity1167 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective, longitudinal, observational study of all cardiac arrests in the Sao Paulo Metro was performed from September 2006 through November 2012. This study focused on @entity1167 by @entity943 , and the primary endpoint was survival to hospital discharge with minimal @entity16 . A total of 62 @entity1 had an initial cardiac rhythm of @entity2224 . Because no data on @entity1167 treatment or outcomes existed before beginning this project, the first 16 months of the implementation was used as the initial experience and compared with the subsequent 5 years of full operation. Return of spontaneous circulation was not different between the initial 16 months and the subsequent 5 years (6 of 8 [75%] vs. 39 of 54 [72%]; P=0.88). However, survival to discharge was significantly different once the full program was instituted (0 of 8 vs. 23 of 54 [43%]; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a targeted AED program in the Sao Paulo Metro subway system saved lives. A short interval between arrest and defibrillation was key for good long-term, neurologically intact survival. These results support strategic expansion of targeted AED programs in other large Latin American cities.

title: Survival After XXXX Cardiac Arrest in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Subway System: First Successful Targeted Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Program in Latin America.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Fibrillation']


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration cytology has been already established as a reliable method for the diagnosis of @entity0 . Its application has been recently extended to immunocytochemical analysis of biological parameters. In the current study @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors, Ki67 growth fraction, and @entity876 protein expression were immunocytochemically evaluated on the cellular material sampled by the same fine-needle aspirate used for the conventional cytologic diagnosis of @entity5 . Fine-needle aspiration specimens from 100 @entity1 with primary @entity0 were submitted to the immunocytochemical analysis. Twenty-eight percent were in premenopause; 23% had @entity5 with a diameter less than 2 cm, 59% from 2 to 5 cm, and 18% more than 5 cm; 60% had axillary nodal status negative, 34% positive, and 6% unknown. The concomitant immunocytochemical evaluation of all parameters was possible in 70% of the @entity1 . A significant association was found between @entity876 overexpression and Ki67 values (p = 0.004), and between Ki67 values and @entity1420 receptor status (p = 0.003). No correlation was found between any parameter and clinical @entity5 size. @entity172 (p = 0.02) and @entity1420 (p = 0.04) receptor negativity and high Ki67 growth fraction (p = 0.005) were significantly associated with the clinical evidence of axillary node involvement. This study suggests that fine-needle aspiration cytology represents an effective practice for a simultaneous evaluation of multiple biologic indicators and could be useful as a preoperative procedure in @entity1 who are candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy.

title: Fine-needle aspiration technique for the concurrent immunocytochemical evaluation of multiple biologic parameters in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Painful stress such as surgery has been shown both to suppress immune function and to promote @entity3 , although the degree to which alterations in immunity underlies the @entity5 -enhancing effects of surgery remains unclear. We recently reported that an experimental laparotomy results in a twofold increase in the number of lung metastases following iv injection of MADB106 @entity5 cells, a natural killer (NK)-sensitive mammary @entity420 cell line, syngeneic to the Fischer 344 @entity35 we studied. Further, the administration of an analgesic dose of @entity1286 prevented these metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NK cells in both the metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery and the attenuation of these effects by @entity1286 . Using a simple 2 x 2 experimental design (surgery with anesthesia vs anesthesia only, and @entity1286 vs vehicle), we found that surgery resulted in a decrease in both whole blood NK cytotoxic activity and number of circulating LGL/NK cells assessed 4 h postoperatively. In a second experiment involving an 18-h lung clearance assay, we used the mAb 3.2.3 to deplete @entity35 of LGL/NK cells with the following rationale: if LGL/NK cells are necessary to mediate an event, then in their absence, that event should not occur. Normal and LGL/NK-depleted animals were assigned to the same four experimental groups, and radiolabeled MADB106 @entity5 cells were injected iv 4 h after surgery. In normal animals, there was a significant interaction between surgery and @entity1286 such that @entity1286 attenuated the surgery-induced increase in @entity5 cell retention without affecting @entity5 cell retention in the anesthesia groups. In the LGL/NK-depleted animals, however, although the @entity5 -enhancing effects of surgery remained evident, @entity1286 did not mitigate this outcome. These results suggest that: (a) both LGL/NK cell activity and other factors independent of LGL/NK cells play a role in the surgery-induced increase in @entity5 cell retention; and (b) LGL/NK cells play a critical role in @entity1286 's attenuating effects on this outcome. Finally, these results reinforce concern about the pathogenic consequences of unrelieved @entity158 .

title: The role of LGL/NK cells in surgery-induced promotion of XXXX and its attenuation by @entity1286 .

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Painful stress such as surgery has been shown both to suppress immune function and to promote @entity3 , although the degree to which alterations in immunity underlies the @entity5 -enhancing effects of surgery remains unclear. We recently reported that an experimental laparotomy results in a twofold increase in the number of lung metastases following iv injection of MADB106 @entity5 cells, a natural killer (NK)-sensitive mammary @entity420 cell line, syngeneic to the Fischer 344 @entity35 we studied. Further, the administration of an analgesic dose of @entity1286 prevented these metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NK cells in both the metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery and the attenuation of these effects by @entity1286 . Using a simple 2 x 2 experimental design (surgery with anesthesia vs anesthesia only, and @entity1286 vs vehicle), we found that surgery resulted in a decrease in both whole blood NK cytotoxic activity and number of circulating LGL/NK cells assessed 4 h postoperatively. In a second experiment involving an 18-h lung clearance assay, we used the mAb 3.2.3 to deplete @entity35 of LGL/NK cells with the following rationale: if LGL/NK cells are necessary to mediate an event, then in their absence, that event should not occur. Normal and LGL/NK-depleted animals were assigned to the same four experimental groups, and radiolabeled MADB106 @entity5 cells were injected iv 4 h after surgery. In normal animals, there was a significant interaction between surgery and @entity1286 such that @entity1286 attenuated the surgery-induced increase in @entity5 cell retention without affecting @entity5 cell retention in the anesthesia groups. In the LGL/NK-depleted animals, however, although the @entity5 -enhancing effects of surgery remained evident, @entity1286 did not mitigate this outcome. These results suggest that: (a) both LGL/NK cell activity and other factors independent of LGL/NK cells play a role in the surgery-induced increase in @entity5 cell retention; and (b) LGL/NK cells play a critical role in @entity1286 's attenuating effects on this outcome. Finally, these results reinforce concern about the pathogenic consequences of unrelieved @entity158 .

title: The role of LGL/NK cells in surgery-induced promotion of @entity3 and its attenuation by XXXX .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The authors describe three cases of @entity417 with an excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow ( @entity7139 ), associated with @entity6794 ( @entity6794 ) and @entity1333 . The first @entity1 was an 85-year old @entity1 whose @entity7139 had begun in 1979. In 1985, he developed @entity6794 in the popliteal fossa and on the right heel. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. A direct immunofluorescence test on the biopsy specimen was negative. Apart from the @entity751 , there were no @entity854 . The cutaneous lesions disappeared after 7 weeks of treatment with @entity617 20 mg per day. The @entity1503 remained unchanged. The second @entity1 was a 71-year old @entity1 with @entity7139 since 1982. In 1984, she presented with lesions of @entity1333 located on the anterior aspect of the upper third of her left leg. There was neither @entity4841 nor @entity221 , and no history of @entity137 . Beside @entity7139 , polyclonal hyperglobulinaemia was present. Histological examination of the skin showed evidence of @entity1333 with @entity39 of vascular walls and perivascular lympho-histiocytic infiltrate with granulocytes and @entity348 . Direct immunofluorescence testing of the skin demonstrated intravascular complement deposits. There were no circulating immune complexes; measurements of complement and complement fractions gave normal values; no cryoglobulin was found. The cutaneous lesions recurred on two occasions in 6 months, although no @entity137 could be elicited and the @entity751 was unaffected. The third @entity1 was a 67-year old @entity1 with @entity7139 since 1982. In 1983, an ulcero-necrotic lesion spontaneously developed on his right leg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Skin manifestations of XXXX ( @entity7139 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity or infection']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anaemia']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['slight leucocytoclasia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['haematological syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity7139 :: (MESH:D000754,Disease) :: ['refractory anemia with excess of blasts']


abstract: The authors describe three cases of @entity417 with an excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow ( @entity7139 ), associated with @entity6794 ( @entity6794 ) and @entity1333 . The first @entity1 was an 85-year old @entity1 whose @entity7139 had begun in 1979. In 1985, he developed @entity6794 in the popliteal fossa and on the right heel. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. A direct immunofluorescence test on the biopsy specimen was negative. Apart from the @entity751 , there were no @entity854 . The cutaneous lesions disappeared after 7 weeks of treatment with @entity617 20 mg per day. The @entity1503 remained unchanged. The second @entity1 was a 71-year old @entity1 with @entity7139 since 1982. In 1984, she presented with lesions of @entity1333 located on the anterior aspect of the upper third of her left leg. There was neither @entity4841 nor @entity221 , and no history of @entity137 . Beside @entity7139 , polyclonal hyperglobulinaemia was present. Histological examination of the skin showed evidence of @entity1333 with @entity39 of vascular walls and perivascular lympho-histiocytic infiltrate with granulocytes and @entity348 . Direct immunofluorescence testing of the skin demonstrated intravascular complement deposits. There were no circulating immune complexes; measurements of complement and complement fractions gave normal values; no cryoglobulin was found. The cutaneous lesions recurred on two occasions in 6 months, although no @entity137 could be elicited and the @entity751 was unaffected. The third @entity1 was a 67-year old @entity1 with @entity7139 since 1982. In 1983, an ulcero-necrotic lesion spontaneously developed on his right leg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Skin manifestations of @entity7139 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity7139 :: (MESH:D000754,Disease) :: ['RAEB']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the association between educational level and prevalence of @entity301 and coronary risk factors in India. DESIGN: Total community cross sectional survey with a doctor administered questionnaire, physical examination, and electrocardiography. SETTING: A cluster of three villages in rural Rajasthan, western India. SUBJECTS: 3148 residents aged over 20 (1982 @entity1 , 1166 @entity1 ) divided into various groups according to years of formal schooling. RESULTS: Illiteracy and low educational levels were associated with less prestigious occupations (agricultural and farm labouring) and inferior housing. There was an inverse correlation of educational level with age (rank correlation: mean -0.45, @entity1 -0.49). The prevalence of @entity301 (diagnosed by electrocardiography) was significantly higher among uneducated and less educated @entity1 and showed an inverse relation with education in both sexes. Among uneducated and less educated @entity1 there was a higher prevalence of the coronary risk factors smoking and @entity101 . Educational level showed a significant inverse correlation with @entity551 . Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that educational level had an inverse relation with prevalence of electrocardiographically diagnosed @entity301 (odds ratio: @entity1 0.82, @entity1 0.53), @entity101 ( @entity1 0.88, @entity1 0.56), and smoking ( @entity1 0.73, @entity1 0.65) but not with hypercholesterolaemia and @entity28 . The inverse relation of @entity301 with educational level abated after adjustment for smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and blood pressure (odds ratio: @entity1 0.98, @entity1 0.78). CONCLUSION: Uneducated and less educated @entity1 in rural India have a higher prevalence of @entity301 and of the coronary risk factors smoking and @entity101 .

title: Educational status, XXXX , and coronary risk factor prevalence in a rural population of India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Among 380 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), there were 63 cases who had HLA @entity4107 without any other counterpart DR type (Group @entity4107 .*), 30 with @entity25783 but without @entity4107 (Group @entity71190 ), 37 with both @entity25783 and @entity4107 (Group @entity71190 ), 34 with DR8 but without @entity4107 (Group @entity4107 ), and 15 with both DR8 and @entity4107 (Group @entity4107 ). 53, 29, 32, 32, or 13 female @entity309 @entity1 respectively from Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 + were investigated for the severity of their disease. 40 joints in 18 @entity1 , 2 in 1, 19 in 8, 13 in 6, or 10 in 4 respectively from Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 had had the previous history of total joint replacement operations for the diseased hips (THR) or knees (TKR). The number of cases (p < 0.01) or that of joints (p < 0.001) was significantly less among Group @entity71190 - @entity1 than the corresponding figure among Group @entity4107 .* @entity1 . Significantly smaller (p < 0.02) number of cases with @entity25783 (Groups @entity71190 combined) had experienced THR's and/or TKR's than those in Group @entity4107 .*. Group @entity4107 - @entity1 had undergone THR/TKR operations in smaller number of the joints (p < 0.05) in comparison to Group @entity4107 .* @entity1 , though the difference was not significant when the numbers of operated cases were compared between the Groups. The age at @entity309 onset among Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 + was 38.5 +/- 14.2 (mean +/- SD) years, 46.6 +/- 12.2, 41.7 +/- 11.7, 44.9 +/- 13.1, or 40.8 +/- 10.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The significance of HLA @entity25783 and DR8 among @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Among 380 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), there were 63 cases who had HLA @entity4107 without any other counterpart DR type (Group @entity4107 .*), 30 with @entity25783 but without @entity4107 (Group @entity71190 ), 37 with both @entity25783 and @entity4107 (Group @entity71190 ), 34 with DR8 but without @entity4107 (Group @entity4107 ), and 15 with both DR8 and @entity4107 (Group @entity4107 ). 53, 29, 32, 32, or 13 female @entity309 @entity1 respectively from Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 + were investigated for the severity of their disease. 40 joints in 18 @entity1 , 2 in 1, 19 in 8, 13 in 6, or 10 in 4 respectively from Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 had had the previous history of total joint replacement operations for the diseased hips (THR) or knees (TKR). The number of cases (p < 0.01) or that of joints (p < 0.001) was significantly less among Group @entity71190 - @entity1 than the corresponding figure among Group @entity4107 .* @entity1 . Significantly smaller (p < 0.02) number of cases with @entity25783 (Groups @entity71190 combined) had experienced THR's and/or TKR's than those in Group @entity4107 .*. Group @entity4107 - @entity1 had undergone THR/TKR operations in smaller number of the joints (p < 0.05) in comparison to Group @entity4107 .* @entity1 , though the difference was not significant when the numbers of operated cases were compared between the Groups. The age at @entity309 onset among Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 + was 38.5 +/- 14.2 (mean +/- SD) years, 46.6 +/- 12.2, 41.7 +/- 11.7, 44.9 +/- 13.1, or 40.8 +/- 10.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The significance of HLA XXXX and DR8 among @entity1 with @entity309 ].

answer: @entity25783 :: (27242,Gene) :: ['DR6']


abstract: Among 380 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), there were 63 cases who had HLA @entity4107 without any other counterpart DR type (Group @entity4107 .*), 30 with @entity25783 but without @entity4107 (Group @entity71190 ), 37 with both @entity25783 and @entity4107 (Group @entity71190 ), 34 with DR8 but without @entity4107 (Group @entity4107 ), and 15 with both DR8 and @entity4107 (Group @entity4107 ). 53, 29, 32, 32, or 13 female @entity309 @entity1 respectively from Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 + were investigated for the severity of their disease. 40 joints in 18 @entity1 , 2 in 1, 19 in 8, 13 in 6, or 10 in 4 respectively from Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 had had the previous history of total joint replacement operations for the diseased hips (THR) or knees (TKR). The number of cases (p < 0.01) or that of joints (p < 0.001) was significantly less among Group @entity71190 - @entity1 than the corresponding figure among Group @entity4107 .* @entity1 . Significantly smaller (p < 0.02) number of cases with @entity25783 (Groups @entity71190 combined) had experienced THR's and/or TKR's than those in Group @entity4107 .*. Group @entity4107 - @entity1 had undergone THR/TKR operations in smaller number of the joints (p < 0.05) in comparison to Group @entity4107 .* @entity1 , though the difference was not significant when the numbers of operated cases were compared between the Groups. The age at @entity309 onset among Groups @entity4107 .*, @entity71190 , @entity71190 +, @entity4107 -, or @entity4107 + was 38.5 +/- 14.2 (mean +/- SD) years, 46.6 +/- 12.2, 41.7 +/- 11.7, 44.9 +/- 13.1, or 40.8 +/- 10.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The significance of HLA @entity25783 and DR8 among XXXX with @entity309 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urogenital @entity292 are devastating complications occurring after @entity5 or @entity130 . Surgical treatment is challenging. Thus, further surgical repair options are needed for treatment of complex @entity292 within the pelvic region. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity790 were surgically treated in our department from 2004 to 2012. These selected cases fulfilled eligibility criteria for continence-preserving surgery -  a history of @entity292 recurrences with @entity322 after receiving at least two surgical attempts. Five VRAM and eight gracilis flaps were used to cover up given tissue defects and to perform functional continence-preserving reconstruction with mean follow-up of 6.3 years. Data were retrospectively reviewed, and standardized survey was performed to evaluate quality of life of all living @entity1 (n  =  10). RESULTS: In all cases, final surgical treatment of the given fistulae by VRAM or gracilis flaps could be achieved, with mean operating time of 5:31  h (range: 4:50-6:48  h) for VRAM flap and 3:11  h (range: 2:04-4:42  h) for gracilis flap. Outcome measures were primarily to avoid @entity292 recurrence after plastic surgical treatment, and secondary quality of life and survival. All @entity1 had their continence preserved, but two @entity1 died during follow-up period. Postoperative assessment revealed the following: VRAM flap @entity1 (n  =  3) showed slight incontinence during the follow-up period, whereas continence was restored in all @entity1 with gracilis flap reconstruction (n  =  7). Quality-of-life assessment indicated restoration of quality of life in comparison to general population ( @entity1  >  @entity1 ). Furthermore, key points of the two presented surgical techniques are demonstrated in detail. CONCLUSION: With preformed VRAM or gracilis flaps, complex @entity790 can be successfully eradicated and continence is restored. The main focus should be the recovery of quality of life, which could be successfully regained. Nevertheless, the continence success rate has to be defined on an individual, case-by-case basis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Original work, cohort study level III.

title: Plastic reconstructive surgery techniques using VRAM or gracilis flaps in order to successfully treat complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital fistulas']

answer: @entity790 :: (MESH:D014564,Disease) :: ['urogenital fistulas']


abstract: The influence of @entity5603 larvae migration on the lung tissue of paratenic host (inbred @entity19 C57BL6/J) was evaluated. First macroscopic manifestation was already observed on day 2 in the time of the highest larval recovery. Larvae entering the lung tissue caused numerous small extravasations. Their migration from the lungs was manifested from day 6 with an increase in the number and extent of extravasations. The lungs assumed @entity7928 spot appearance (Fig. 1). The larval recovery was decreasing. From day 14 the expressiveness of macroscopic changes was declining. Areas of @entity2415 and @entity891 were observed on the lungs. The genesis and the process of elimination of extravasations were studied histologically. In the first period, the primary extravasations, caused by larvae migrating to the lung tissue (Fig. 2), were eliminated by monocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes in increasing numbers (Fig. 3). Immunohistochemically macrophages and dendritic cells were already observed in the lungs on day 1 (Fig. 4). Acid phosphatase activity was increasing from day 1 and its highest level was observed on day 84. Alkaline phosphatase activity on days 2-4 was not observed in the areas of extravasations although within the larvae themselves it was high. The extravasations of the second period (caused by larval migration from the lungs) from day 5-6 were eliminated with humoral monocytes and cells of perivascular and peribronchial tissue. Eosinophils were not active in this process. Strong exudation was observed here. The humoral part of extravasations was eliminated primarily. The cytoplasmic volume of activated cells was enlarging. Multinuclear symplasms were originated (Fig. 5). The activities of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase were increased. Macrophages and dendritic cells were still present in high numbers and from day 14 aggregations of T and B lymphocytes were observed (Fig. 6). Reparative processes were frequently observed on the blood vessels altered by the leaving larvae (Fig. 7). Changes on the lungs caused by migration of larvae always ended in functional regeneration of the lung tissue. On the other hand dead larvae stimulated proliferative forms of inflammatory reactions which led to induration (Fig. 8).

title: [Changes in the lungs in @entity19 caused by migration of XXXX larvae].

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity5603 :: (6265,Species) :: ['Toxocara canis']


abstract: The influence of @entity5603 larvae migration on the lung tissue of paratenic host (inbred @entity19 C57BL6/J) was evaluated. First macroscopic manifestation was already observed on day 2 in the time of the highest larval recovery. Larvae entering the lung tissue caused numerous small extravasations. Their migration from the lungs was manifested from day 6 with an increase in the number and extent of extravasations. The lungs assumed @entity7928 spot appearance (Fig. 1). The larval recovery was decreasing. From day 14 the expressiveness of macroscopic changes was declining. Areas of @entity2415 and @entity891 were observed on the lungs. The genesis and the process of elimination of extravasations were studied histologically. In the first period, the primary extravasations, caused by larvae migrating to the lung tissue (Fig. 2), were eliminated by monocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes in increasing numbers (Fig. 3). Immunohistochemically macrophages and dendritic cells were already observed in the lungs on day 1 (Fig. 4). Acid phosphatase activity was increasing from day 1 and its highest level was observed on day 84. Alkaline phosphatase activity on days 2-4 was not observed in the areas of extravasations although within the larvae themselves it was high. The extravasations of the second period (caused by larval migration from the lungs) from day 5-6 were eliminated with humoral monocytes and cells of perivascular and peribronchial tissue. Eosinophils were not active in this process. Strong exudation was observed here. The humoral part of extravasations was eliminated primarily. The cytoplasmic volume of activated cells was enlarging. Multinuclear symplasms were originated (Fig. 5). The activities of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase were increased. Macrophages and dendritic cells were still present in high numbers and from day 14 aggregations of T and B lymphocytes were observed (Fig. 6). Reparative processes were frequently observed on the blood vessels altered by the leaving larvae (Fig. 7). Changes on the lungs caused by migration of larvae always ended in functional regeneration of the lung tissue. On the other hand dead larvae stimulated proliferative forms of inflammatory reactions which led to induration (Fig. 8).

title: [Changes in the lungs in XXXX caused by migration of @entity5603 larvae].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The performance of three different highly sensitive immuno-assays for thyrotropin in serum (S-TSH) was compared. Specimens from 803 @entity1 with suspected hyperthroidism or other @entity1374 were used. @entity1378 @entity1 were identified and characterized by determining serum thyroid hormones and by clinical observation. The performance of the methods in discriminating between @entity1378 and @entity3214 was described in terms of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The performance was also assessed by systematically varying the reference values. If @entity1 with treated hyperthroidism were eliminated, the three S-TSH assays performed equally well at a suggested lower reference value of 0.4 mU/l. A diagnostic efficiency of more than 0.95 was achieved at the observed prevalence of disease (0.12). A graphical model which allows an adjustment of reference values to favour sensitivity or specificity is presented. Reference values were also calculated from the euthyroid subjects using parametric and non-parametric approaches. The specificity, when using the recommended discrimination level, suggests that @entity1 with low S-TSH values should be subjected to further investigation by biochemical or other methods.

title: Highly sensitive assays of serum-thyrotropin in the diagnosis of XXXX : assessment of performance and reference values.

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'Hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: Diffuse parenchymal bleeding and major air leaks still present a challenge to the thoracic surgeon. This study was therefore designed to evaluate efficacy and handling of fibrin-glue-coated collagen fleece, to address these problems. In an experimental part defects were produced in lungs of troll @entity1707 to compare the use of the fleece with @entity3459 . Immediate airtightness and @entity86 were evaluated. Scores were designed to evaluate quality and extension of the adhesions. In a clinical study parenchymal resection sites were sealed with fibrin-glue-coated collagen fleece in 52 @entity1 . No @entity1 suffered from @entity86 . In three cases air leaks were still present on the third postoperative day, representing a 5.8% failure rate. 92.3% of the @entity1 showed neither @entity86 nor prolonged air leaks. A fixed combination of collagen fleece and fibrin glue consequently can be considered as a valuable tool in thoracic surgery.

title: Fibrin-glue-coated collagen fleece in lung surgery--experimental comparison with XXXX and clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['infrared coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage', 'postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative adhesions']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['infrared coagulation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: NK cells are innate lymphoid cells important for immune surveillance, identifying and responding to stress, @entity281 . Whereas conventional NK (cNK) cells circulate systemically, many NK cells reside in tissues where they appear to be poised to locally regulate tissue function. In the present study, we tested the contribution of tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells to tissue homeostasis by studying @entity63 in the @entity19 kidney. Parabiosis experiments demonstrate that the kidney contains a significant fraction of trNK cells under homeostatic conditions. Kidney trNK cells developed independent of @entity14737 and @entity19985 , and they expressed a distinct cell surface phenotype as compared with cNK cells. Among these, trNK cells had reduced asialo-GM1 (AsGM1) expression relative to cNK cells, a phenotype observed in trNK cells across multiple organs and @entity19 strains. Strikingly, anti-AsGM1 Ab treatment, commonly used as an NK cell-depleting regimen, resulted in a robust and selective depletion of cNKs, leaving trNKs largely intact. Using this differential depletion, we tested the relative contribution of cNK and trNK cells in @entity8 . Whereas anti- @entity11386 Ab effectively depleted both trNK and cNK cells and protected against @entity63 /reperfusion injury, anti-AsGM1 Ab preferentially depleted cNK cells and failed to protect against injury. These data demonstrate unanticipated specificity of anti-AsGM1 Ab depletion on NK cell subsets and reveal a new approach to study the contributions of cNK and trNK cells in vivo. In total, these data demonstrate that trNK cells play a key role in modulating local responses to @entity63 tissue injury in the kidney and potentially other organs.

title: Tissue-Resident NK Cells Mediate XXXX and Are Not Depleted by Anti-Asialo-GM1 Antibody.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, and/or transformation']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Kidney Injury']


abstract: Soluble class I molecules (sHLA-ABC) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples of 13 @entity1 with chronic-phase Ph1-positive @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). The @entity1 were treated once daily with interferon (IFN) s.c. at a dosage of 4 x 10(6) IU/m2 @entity3027 -2b or in combination with 50 micrograms @entity379 . Measurements were performed before 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after the start of treatment and thereafter every 2-4 weeks. Baseline sHLA-ABC levels were within normal limits (mean 22.1 +/- 8.8 mg/l). An initial decrease of sHLA-ABC (mean 3.2 +/- 2.7 mg/l) was seen in all @entity1 during the first 2-8 h of IFN treatment. Thereafter, sHLA-ABC levels increased steadily reaching maximum values within 2-5 weeks. The overall increase was 12.7 +/- 12.4 mg/l. During the following 2-4 months of IFN treatment sHLA-ABC decreased to near baseline levels in 12 of 13 @entity1 . No difference was detected between @entity3027 and @entity3027 plus @entity379 treatment. @entity2262 values were measured in 8 @entity1 and were found to be correlated to sHLA-ABC concentrations (r = 0.48).

title: Soluble HLA class I and @entity2262 plasma concentrations during interferon treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-Microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: Soluble class I molecules (sHLA-ABC) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples of 13 @entity1 with chronic-phase Ph1-positive @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). The @entity1 were treated once daily with interferon (IFN) s.c. at a dosage of 4 x 10(6) IU/m2 @entity3027 -2b or in combination with 50 micrograms @entity379 . Measurements were performed before 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after the start of treatment and thereafter every 2-4 weeks. Baseline sHLA-ABC levels were within normal limits (mean 22.1 +/- 8.8 mg/l). An initial decrease of sHLA-ABC (mean 3.2 +/- 2.7 mg/l) was seen in all @entity1 during the first 2-8 h of IFN treatment. Thereafter, sHLA-ABC levels increased steadily reaching maximum values within 2-5 weeks. The overall increase was 12.7 +/- 12.4 mg/l. During the following 2-4 months of IFN treatment sHLA-ABC decreased to near baseline levels in 12 of 13 @entity1 . No difference was detected between @entity3027 and @entity3027 plus @entity379 treatment. @entity2262 values were measured in 8 @entity1 and were found to be correlated to sHLA-ABC concentrations (r = 0.48).

title: Soluble HLA class I and XXXX plasma concentrations during interferon treatment of @entity1860 .

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1 with @entity3178 and @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) present with similar symptoms. We examined the association between @entity1744 and @entity3178 in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched the medical literature to identify cross-sectional surveys or case-control studies reporting the association between @entity3178 and @entity1744 in 50 or more unselected adult @entity1 . We recorded the prevalence of @entity1744 symptoms in @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity3178 , or the prevalence of histologically confirmed @entity3178 in @entity1 with @entity1744 . Data were pooled using a random-effects model; the association between @entity3178 and @entity1744 was summarized using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The search strategy identified 3926 citations, of which 10 were eligible for our analysis. The pooled prevalence of @entity1744 in @entity1 with @entity3178 was 33.4% (95% CI, 31.5%-40.6%), but was not significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity3178 than in @entity1 with @entity294 (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.43-4.47). In 3 cross-sectional surveys, the pooled OR for @entity3178 in @entity1 with @entity1744 , compared with other @entity1 with @entity294 , was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.44-1.04). In 4 case-control studies the prevalence of @entity1744 in @entity1 with @entity3178 was significantly higher than in asymptomatic controls (OR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.32-20.2). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a meta-analysis, one third of @entity1 with @entity3178 reported symptoms compatible with @entity1744 , but the prevalence of @entity1744 was no higher than in other @entity1 with @entity294 . The odds of @entity3178 were no higher in @entity1 with @entity1744 compared with other @entity1 with @entity294 . The value of routine colonoscopy and biopsy to exclude @entity3178 in @entity1 with typical @entity1744 symptoms, unless other risk factors or alarm symptoms are present, remains uncertain.

title: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic colitis']

answer: @entity3178 :: (MESH:D046728,Disease) :: ['Microscopic Colitis']


abstract: The growth and @entity397 of 40 @entity438 was studied in 36 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; were average age, 51.8 years). @entity439 were classified into five types according to the intraoperative findings: type 1, uniformly thin, smooth surface; type 2, thin neck and thick wall, smooth surface with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 3, uniformly thick wall, smooth surface with or without red portions; type 4, thick neck, bubbled or loculated thin wall at dome with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 5, thick wall in entirety, irregular surface with or without red portions. Five were type 1, six type 2, and 12 type 3. In four of the type 2 @entity439 , turbulence could be seen at the neck. In seven of the type 3 @entity439 , red and/or transparent portions were observed in the wall. Thirteen were type 4; nine of which had a bubbled or loculated wall with or without red and/or transparent portions. Four were type 5, with scattered red portions but a thick wall. Type 1 @entity439 were 2-5 mm, most of types 2 and 3 were 3-6 mm, type 4 were 3-13 mm, and type 5 were more than 9 mm. Types 1 and 2 had few local changes in the wall, suggesting that @entity439 at this stage are stable. Type 3 is considered to be a transitional stage to type 4 from type 2. Type 4 @entity439 had some local changes within the wall including bubbles or loculi. We concluded that @entity439 exceeding 4 mm have local pathologic changes in the wall and are critical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth and XXXX of unruptured @entity438 based on the intraoperative appearance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: The growth and @entity397 of 40 @entity438 was studied in 36 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; were average age, 51.8 years). @entity439 were classified into five types according to the intraoperative findings: type 1, uniformly thin, smooth surface; type 2, thin neck and thick wall, smooth surface with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 3, uniformly thick wall, smooth surface with or without red portions; type 4, thick neck, bubbled or loculated thin wall at dome with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 5, thick wall in entirety, irregular surface with or without red portions. Five were type 1, six type 2, and 12 type 3. In four of the type 2 @entity439 , turbulence could be seen at the neck. In seven of the type 3 @entity439 , red and/or transparent portions were observed in the wall. Thirteen were type 4; nine of which had a bubbled or loculated wall with or without red and/or transparent portions. Four were type 5, with scattered red portions but a thick wall. Type 1 @entity439 were 2-5 mm, most of types 2 and 3 were 3-6 mm, type 4 were 3-13 mm, and type 5 were more than 9 mm. Types 1 and 2 had few local changes in the wall, suggesting that @entity439 at this stage are stable. Type 3 is considered to be a transitional stage to type 4 from type 2. Type 4 @entity439 had some local changes within the wall including bubbles or loculi. We concluded that @entity439 exceeding 4 mm have local pathologic changes in the wall and are critical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth and @entity397 of unruptured XXXX based on the intraoperative appearance.

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced @entity651 (RILI) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity2 . The normal lung relative volumes receiving greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (V5-30) @entity358 ( @entity358 ), and absolute volumes spared from greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (AVS5-30) for the bilateral and ipsilateral lungs of 83 @entity1 were recorded. Any association of clinical factors and dose-volume parameters with Grade >= 2 RILI was analyzed. The median follow-up was 12.3 months; 18 (21.7%) cases of Grade 2 RILI, seven (8.4%) of Grade 3 and two (2.4%) of Grade 4 were observed. Univariate analysis revealed the located lobe of the @entity5 . V5, V10, V20, @entity358 of the ipsilateral lung, V5, V10, V20, V30 and @entity358 of the bilateral lung, and AVS5 and AVS10 of the ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI (P = 0.010, OR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.102-0.729). Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated Grade >= 2 RILI could be predicted using AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung (area under curve, 0.668; cutoff value, 564.9 cm(3); sensitivity, 60.7%; specificity, 70.4%). The incidence of Grade >= 2 RILI was significantly lower with AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung >= 564.9 cm(3) than with AVS5 < 564.9 cm(3) (P = 0.008). Low-dose irradiation relative volumes and @entity358 of the bilateral or ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI, and AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI for @entity2 after IMRT.

title: Association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced @entity651 after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['mean lung dose', 'MLD']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced @entity651 (RILI) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity2 . The normal lung relative volumes receiving greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (V5-30) @entity358 ( @entity358 ), and absolute volumes spared from greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (AVS5-30) for the bilateral and ipsilateral lungs of 83 @entity1 were recorded. Any association of clinical factors and dose-volume parameters with Grade >= 2 RILI was analyzed. The median follow-up was 12.3 months; 18 (21.7%) cases of Grade 2 RILI, seven (8.4%) of Grade 3 and two (2.4%) of Grade 4 were observed. Univariate analysis revealed the located lobe of the @entity5 . V5, V10, V20, @entity358 of the ipsilateral lung, V5, V10, V20, V30 and @entity358 of the bilateral lung, and AVS5 and AVS10 of the ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI (P = 0.010, OR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.102-0.729). Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated Grade >= 2 RILI could be predicted using AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung (area under curve, 0.668; cutoff value, 564.9 cm(3); sensitivity, 60.7%; specificity, 70.4%). The incidence of Grade >= 2 RILI was significantly lower with AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung >= 564.9 cm(3) than with AVS5 < 564.9 cm(3) (P = 0.008). Low-dose irradiation relative volumes and @entity358 of the bilateral or ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI, and AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI for @entity2 after IMRT.

title: Association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced XXXX after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in @entity2 : a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']