abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The histopathological discrimination of @entity30 [ @entity30 ] and @entity31 [ @entity31 ] can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate if quantification of @entity5823 (+) lymphocytes and eosinophils in histopathological material improves the accuracy of diagnosis of @entity29 . METHODS: A total of 156 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity8787 by a gastroenterologist and corroborated by 5 years of follow-up. @entity1 were treatment na  ve at the time of biopsy. Samples were taken from diseased areas of the colon and examined by a gastrointestinal pathologist. RESULTS: The median number of eosinophils in biopsies from affected segments was 42/high power field [hpf] [25.5-63.5] in @entity30 and 98/hpf [67-123] in @entity31 [p < 0.001]. Biopsies containing >=  70 eosinophils/hpf field had a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 71% for the diagnosis of @entity31 ({area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.767 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.696-0.838)}. There was a median of three @entity5823 (+) cells/hpf [range 2-6] in diseased @entity30 biopsies and 33 cells/hpf [24-52] in diseased @entity31 biopsies [p < 0.001]. The cut-off determined by the ROC curve was 15 (sensitivity 97.4%, specificity 97.4%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 17.1, Negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.03, area under the curve [AUC]: 0.978; 95% CI 0.95310.999). CONCLUSIONS: Routine histopathological assessment with quantification of @entity5823 + cells is highly accurate at discriminating @entity30 and @entity31 . All the measured parameters are easy to perform, low-cost, and available in most pathological laboratories.

title: Quantitative assessment of @entity5823 + lymphocytes and eosinophils for the histopathological differential diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity737 ( @entity737 ) are generally considered a contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the ProMRI Phase C study, a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, nonrandomized study, was to evaluate the clinical safety of the Biotronik ProMRI Iforia @entity1479 system during MRI. METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled after @entity1479 implantation, with either a dual-chamber DR-T or single-lead VR-T DX system. Study-defined, nondiagnostic cardiac or thoracic spine MRI was performed at least 1 week after enrollment. @entity737 were placed into MRI mode with @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) detection/therapy programmed "off" before scan and restored to non-MRI mode after scan. Interrogation was performed before, immediately after, and 1 month post-MRI. The primary end-points were (1) ventricular pacing threshold increase >0.5 V from pre-MRI to 1 month post-MRI; (2) R-wave amplitude decrease >50% from pre-MRI to 1 month post-MRI or R-wave amplitude <5 mV at 1 month post-MRI; and (3) MRI and @entity1479 system-related serious adverse device effects. RESULTS: One hundred seventy @entity1 were enrolled at 39 US centers. One hundred fifty-three @entity1 underwent MRI (25.7% cardiac, 74.3% thoracic spine) and completed follow-up. Freedom from the primary end-points was met in all but 1 subject, in whom reduced R-wave amplitude was detected 1 month post-MRI. No serious adverse device effects occurred during the course of the study. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the clinical safety and efficacy of the ProMRI @entity1479 system in @entity1 subjected to thoracic spine and cardiac MRI imaging in 1.5-T scanners.

title: Clinical safety of the Iforia implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system in XXXX subjected to thoracic spine and cardiac 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging scanning conditions.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We previously developed a transgenic (TG) @entity19 model that overexpresses the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) beta-subunit under the universal @entity1 ubiquitin C promoter, displaying in males a modest 3-fold increase in circulating levels of LH/ @entity1465 bioactivity. The males were fertile and presented with a mild reproductive phenotype. To achieve higher levels of @entity1465 , a double TG model was generated by cross-breeding the @entity7807 -expressing @entity19 with another TG line harboring a ubiquitin C/common alpha-subunit fusion gene. The double-TG @entity19 expressed excessive levels of dimeric @entity1465 , with 2000-fold elevated circulating LH/ @entity1465 bioactivity. These male @entity19 were @entity249 , primarily due to inability to copulate, and they showed enhanced testicular @entity342 production despite clear down-regulation of LH/ @entity1465 receptors. Their intratesticular inhibin B was unaltered, but serum FSH was markedly reduced. Apparently the chronic @entity1465 hyperstimulation led to focal Leydig cell proliferation/ @entity1184 at 6 months of age, but failed to promote @entity5 . Even though full spermatogenesis occurred in most of the seminiferous tubules, progressive @entity528 was apparent as the males grew older. The prostate and seminal vesicles were enlarged by @entity2785 . Functional urethral obstruction was indicated by distension and sperm accumulation in distal vas deferens as well as by dilated urinary bladder and enlarged kidneys. The abnormal function of accessory sex glands and/or lower urinary tract as a consequence of the disturbed sex hormone balance or direct action of @entity1465 may be the main cause of @entity249 in this model. The present study provides in vivo evidence that exposure of male @entity19 to chronically elevated levels of @entity1465 severely affects their urogenital tract function at multiple sites and causes @entity249 , but, unlike in LH/ @entity1465 overexpressing female @entity19 , it is not tumorigenic.

title: Elevated steroidogenesis, defective reproductive organs, and XXXX in transgenic male @entity19 overexpressing @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['distension of glandular lumina']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tubule degeneration']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: We previously developed a transgenic (TG) @entity19 model that overexpresses the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) beta-subunit under the universal @entity1 ubiquitin C promoter, displaying in males a modest 3-fold increase in circulating levels of LH/ @entity1465 bioactivity. The males were fertile and presented with a mild reproductive phenotype. To achieve higher levels of @entity1465 , a double TG model was generated by cross-breeding the @entity7807 -expressing @entity19 with another TG line harboring a ubiquitin C/common alpha-subunit fusion gene. The double-TG @entity19 expressed excessive levels of dimeric @entity1465 , with 2000-fold elevated circulating LH/ @entity1465 bioactivity. These male @entity19 were @entity249 , primarily due to inability to copulate, and they showed enhanced testicular @entity342 production despite clear down-regulation of LH/ @entity1465 receptors. Their intratesticular inhibin B was unaltered, but serum FSH was markedly reduced. Apparently the chronic @entity1465 hyperstimulation led to focal Leydig cell proliferation/ @entity1184 at 6 months of age, but failed to promote @entity5 . Even though full spermatogenesis occurred in most of the seminiferous tubules, progressive @entity528 was apparent as the males grew older. The prostate and seminal vesicles were enlarged by @entity2785 . Functional urethral obstruction was indicated by distension and sperm accumulation in distal vas deferens as well as by dilated urinary bladder and enlarged kidneys. The abnormal function of accessory sex glands and/or lower urinary tract as a consequence of the disturbed sex hormone balance or direct action of @entity1465 may be the main cause of @entity249 in this model. The present study provides in vivo evidence that exposure of male @entity19 to chronically elevated levels of @entity1465 severely affects their urogenital tract function at multiple sites and causes @entity249 , but, unlike in LH/ @entity1465 overexpressing female @entity19 , it is not tumorigenic.

title: Elevated steroidogenesis, defective reproductive organs, and @entity249 in transgenic male XXXX overexpressing @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We previously developed a transgenic (TG) @entity19 model that overexpresses the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) beta-subunit under the universal @entity1 ubiquitin C promoter, displaying in males a modest 3-fold increase in circulating levels of LH/ @entity1465 bioactivity. The males were fertile and presented with a mild reproductive phenotype. To achieve higher levels of @entity1465 , a double TG model was generated by cross-breeding the @entity7807 -expressing @entity19 with another TG line harboring a ubiquitin C/common alpha-subunit fusion gene. The double-TG @entity19 expressed excessive levels of dimeric @entity1465 , with 2000-fold elevated circulating LH/ @entity1465 bioactivity. These male @entity19 were @entity249 , primarily due to inability to copulate, and they showed enhanced testicular @entity342 production despite clear down-regulation of LH/ @entity1465 receptors. Their intratesticular inhibin B was unaltered, but serum FSH was markedly reduced. Apparently the chronic @entity1465 hyperstimulation led to focal Leydig cell proliferation/ @entity1184 at 6 months of age, but failed to promote @entity5 . Even though full spermatogenesis occurred in most of the seminiferous tubules, progressive @entity528 was apparent as the males grew older. The prostate and seminal vesicles were enlarged by @entity2785 . Functional urethral obstruction was indicated by distension and sperm accumulation in distal vas deferens as well as by dilated urinary bladder and enlarged kidneys. The abnormal function of accessory sex glands and/or lower urinary tract as a consequence of the disturbed sex hormone balance or direct action of @entity1465 may be the main cause of @entity249 in this model. The present study provides in vivo evidence that exposure of male @entity19 to chronically elevated levels of @entity1465 severely affects their urogenital tract function at multiple sites and causes @entity249 , but, unlike in LH/ @entity1465 overexpressing female @entity19 , it is not tumorigenic.

title: Elevated steroidogenesis, defective reproductive organs, and @entity249 in transgenic male @entity19 overexpressing XXXX chorionic gonadotropin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal fat and circulating @entity1674 increase with age, which indicates lipid overaccumulation. Enlarged waist (EW) with elevated @entity1674 (ET) could identify adults at metabolic risk. OBJECTIVE: Using thresholds for EW and ET observed among the youngest adults, we estimated for all adults the prevalence of combined EW and ET (EWET) and described the metabolic risks associated with EWET. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional, weighted sample of 9183 adults, we used two-dimensional displays to provide thresholds for EW ( @entity1 : > or = 95 cm; @entity1 : > or = 88 cm) and fasting ET (> or = 1.45 mmol/L) and estimated the characteristics of EWET among adults of all ages. RESULTS: The population prevalence of EWET in 18-24-y-olds was 6%; it rose with age until age 55-74 y (prevalence: 43%) and then was lower among the elderly. @entity1 with EWET were more likely (P < 0.0001) to have adverse mean (+/- SEE) concentrations of risk variables in adjusted analyses (fasting insulin: 43 +/- 3 pmol/L; HDL @entity165 : -0.27 +/- 0.02 mmol/L; @entity755 : 0.20 +/- 0.01 g/L; fasting @entity413 : 0.71 +/- 0.07 mmol/L; @entity414 : 50 +/- 2 micromol/L) and to have @entity6 (relative risk: 3.2) than were @entity1 without EWET. Compared with a similar-size subpopulation with high body mass index, @entity1 with EWET were older and had more @entity2299 , @entity4854 , and @entity5052 . Compared with " @entity209 ," EWET identified more @entity1 who were younger and had greater LDL- @entity165 and @entity755 concentrations. Compared with " @entity5710 ," EWET identified more @entity1 with @entity3190 , @entity2299 , and @entity5052 . CONCLUSIONS: EWET identifies a syndrome of lipid overaccumulation associated with metabolic risk and accelerated mortality after middle age. Prospective studies should evaluate this simple indicator.

title: Metabolic risks identified by the combination of enlarged waist and elevated XXXX concentration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triacylglycerol']


abstract: Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor @entity1198 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing @entity7130 (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed @entity1198 /Th2 reactions as demonstrated by @entity3646 / @entity379 production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors @entity10071 / @entity9388 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from @entity1 umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that @entity7794 induced a dramatic increase of @entity379 production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas @entity7794 did not drive CBMC to release significant @entity379 production (1614.7+/-362.0 vs. 49.0+/-29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher @entity379 production by CBMC than @entity7794 (298.1+/-171.8 vs. 49.0+/-29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, @entity7794 did not induce significant @entity3646 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative @entity3646 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58+/-0.84 vs. 2.04+/-0.37, p>0.05). A real-time RT-PCR analysis of @entity3646 and @entity379 mRNA expression showed that @entity7794 induced a significantly higher @entity379 , but not @entity3646 , mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of @entity379 or @entity3646 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. @entity7794 enhanced @entity1198 -related transcription factor @entity10071 mRNA expression, in association with later down-regulation of Th2-related @entity9388 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, @entity7794 did not up-regulate @entity10071 or down-regulate @entity9388 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early @entity9388 expression and later @entity10071 expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of @entity10071 / @entity9388 expression.

title: Different antigens trigger different @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to @entity10071 / XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

answer: @entity9388 :: (2625,Gene) :: ['GATA-3']


abstract: Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor @entity1198 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing @entity7130 (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed @entity1198 /Th2 reactions as demonstrated by @entity3646 / @entity379 production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors @entity10071 / @entity9388 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from @entity1 umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that @entity7794 induced a dramatic increase of @entity379 production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas @entity7794 did not drive CBMC to release significant @entity379 production (1614.7+/-362.0 vs. 49.0+/-29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher @entity379 production by CBMC than @entity7794 (298.1+/-171.8 vs. 49.0+/-29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, @entity7794 did not induce significant @entity3646 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative @entity3646 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58+/-0.84 vs. 2.04+/-0.37, p>0.05). A real-time RT-PCR analysis of @entity3646 and @entity379 mRNA expression showed that @entity7794 induced a significantly higher @entity379 , but not @entity3646 , mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of @entity379 or @entity3646 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. @entity7794 enhanced @entity1198 -related transcription factor @entity10071 mRNA expression, in association with later down-regulation of Th2-related @entity9388 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, @entity7794 did not up-regulate @entity10071 or down-regulate @entity9388 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early @entity9388 expression and later @entity10071 expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of @entity10071 / @entity9388 expression.

title: Different antigens trigger different @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to XXXX / @entity9388 expression.

answer: @entity10071 :: (30009,Gene) :: ['T-bet']


abstract: Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor @entity1198 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing @entity7130 (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed @entity1198 /Th2 reactions as demonstrated by @entity3646 / @entity379 production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors @entity10071 / @entity9388 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from @entity1 umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that @entity7794 induced a dramatic increase of @entity379 production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas @entity7794 did not drive CBMC to release significant @entity379 production (1614.7+/-362.0 vs. 49.0+/-29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher @entity379 production by CBMC than @entity7794 (298.1+/-171.8 vs. 49.0+/-29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, @entity7794 did not induce significant @entity3646 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative @entity3646 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58+/-0.84 vs. 2.04+/-0.37, p>0.05). A real-time RT-PCR analysis of @entity3646 and @entity379 mRNA expression showed that @entity7794 induced a significantly higher @entity379 , but not @entity3646 , mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of @entity379 or @entity3646 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. @entity7794 enhanced @entity1198 -related transcription factor @entity10071 mRNA expression, in association with later down-regulation of Th2-related @entity9388 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, @entity7794 did not up-regulate @entity10071 or down-regulate @entity9388 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early @entity9388 expression and later @entity10071 expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of @entity10071 / @entity9388 expression.

title: Different antigens trigger different XXXX /Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to @entity10071 / @entity9388 expression.

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: It is estimated that at least one out of four @entity1 with @entity5 complains of @entity158 originating from @entity128 . @entity128 may result from direct invasion/compression by @entity5 , or by remote effect of the @entity5 such as @entity29222 . In many cases, the @entity128 is caused by medical therapy, or surgical interventions. @entity158 generated by drugs or medical acts is called iatrogenic. A common @entity9 is chemotherapy induced painful @entity305 . This @entity16 typically affects mostly the small myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres. Surgical and anaesthesiological interventions also frequently cause direct nerve stretch or section. Some interventions, particularly those requiring extended resection, have a higher incidence of @entity158 . Limb and colon amputation, nerve dissection, mastectomy and thoracotomy are the most common interventions for @entity5 known to cause @entity128 . As @entity158 clinicians, we focus attention on the painful consequences of surgical interventions because there is evidence that a more accurate surgical approach and possibly a prophylactic prevention of the @entity9 may reduce the @entity158 .

title: Iatrogenic painful XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29222 :: ('MESH:D020364', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve injury', 'nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'painful sequelae of nerve injury', 'pain', 'painful sequelae']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic neuralgia', 'neuralgia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuropathic complications of surgery in cancer']


abstract: To improve the comparative map for @entity1707 chromosome 2 and increase the gene density on this chromosome, a porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with 17 microsatellite markers and 18 genes previously assigned to @entity1707 chromosome 2. Fifty-one BAC clones located in the region of a maternally imprinted quantitative trait locus for @entity121 ( @entity121 ) were identified. From these BACs 372 kb were sample sequenced. The average read length of a subclone was 442 basepair (bp). Contig assembly analysis showed that every bp was sequenced 1.28 times. Subsequently, sequences were compared with sequences in the @entity377 databases to identify homology with other @entity1 sequences. Sequence identity was observed with sequences derived from 35 BACs. The average percentage identity with @entity1 sequences was 87.6%, with an average length of 143 bp. In total, sample sequencing of all BACs resulted in sequence identity with 29 @entity1 genes, 13 @entity1 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), 17 @entity1 genomic clones, one @entity35 gene, one porcine gene and nine porcine ESTs. Eighteen genes located on @entity1 chromosome 11 and 19, and seven genes from other @entity1 locations, one @entity35 gene and one porcine gene were assigned to @entity1707 chromosome 2 for the first time. The new genes were added to the radiation hybrid map at the same position as the locus from which the BAC that was sequenced was derived. In total 57 genes were placed on the radiation hybrid map of @entity8824 -q13.

title: Improving the comparative map of XXXX -q13 by sample sequencing of BAC clones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['backfat thickness', 'BFT']

answer: @entity8824 :: (54898,Gene) :: ['SSC2p']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) has emerged as a valuable adjunctive agent in renal transplantation. However, due to intolerable adverse effects associated with @entity2098 use in our transplant population, we have used @entity2098 selectively in @entity1 at high risk for recurrent graft rejection, since these @entity1 are known to be at risk for poor long-term graft outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity2098 in preventing the recurrence of acute rejection following an initial rejection episode in kidney transplant @entity1 in the first year following transplantation. METHODS: Forty-four kidney transplant recipients were given @entity2098 prospectively following treatment of their initial rejection episode to prevent recurrent rejection. @entity2098 1-2 g/d was given. Doses were adjusted based on tolerance; @entity2098 therapy was to be continued for at least 6 months. The control group consisted of 124 consecutive kidney transplant recipients who had received standard anti-rejection therapy without the addition of @entity2098 . Maintenance immunosuppression consisted predominantly of @entity205 , @entity229 +/- @entity500 . Anti-rejection therapy for both groups consisted of either @entity288 ( @entity1667 500 mg i.v. for 3 d or oral @entity229 2 mg/kg/d with rapid taper over 3 wk), OKT3 5 mg/d for 10 d or ATG 15 mg/kg/d for 10 d. All rejection episodes were confirmed by biopsy. RESULTS: The majority of rejection episodes were characterized histologically as mild or moderate. Most @entity1 (76%) received corticosteroids for treatment of their first rejection episode. There was a 68% reduction in the incidence of recurrent rejection episodes within the first year of transplant in @entity1 receiving @entity2098 ; only 14% of recipients receiving @entity2098 developed recurrent rejection compared to 44% of @entity1 in the control group (p<0.05). Approximately 50% of @entity1 developed @entity2098 -associated adverse effects ( @entity1431 , @entity137 ). Only 52% of @entity1 remained on @entity2098 at 6 months. One-yr graft survival was 86% in the @entity2098 group and 89% in the control group (p>0.05). One-year @entity1 survival was 93 and 100%, respectively (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity2098 to maintenance therapy for @entity1 experiencing acute renal allograft rejection may prevent recurrent rejection episodes in the subsequent follow-up year.

title: Impact of XXXX on recurrent rejection in kidney transplant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) has emerged as a valuable adjunctive agent in renal transplantation. However, due to intolerable adverse effects associated with @entity2098 use in our transplant population, we have used @entity2098 selectively in @entity1 at high risk for recurrent graft rejection, since these @entity1 are known to be at risk for poor long-term graft outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity2098 in preventing the recurrence of acute rejection following an initial rejection episode in kidney transplant @entity1 in the first year following transplantation. METHODS: Forty-four kidney transplant recipients were given @entity2098 prospectively following treatment of their initial rejection episode to prevent recurrent rejection. @entity2098 1-2 g/d was given. Doses were adjusted based on tolerance; @entity2098 therapy was to be continued for at least 6 months. The control group consisted of 124 consecutive kidney transplant recipients who had received standard anti-rejection therapy without the addition of @entity2098 . Maintenance immunosuppression consisted predominantly of @entity205 , @entity229 +/- @entity500 . Anti-rejection therapy for both groups consisted of either @entity288 ( @entity1667 500 mg i.v. for 3 d or oral @entity229 2 mg/kg/d with rapid taper over 3 wk), OKT3 5 mg/d for 10 d or ATG 15 mg/kg/d for 10 d. All rejection episodes were confirmed by biopsy. RESULTS: The majority of rejection episodes were characterized histologically as mild or moderate. Most @entity1 (76%) received corticosteroids for treatment of their first rejection episode. There was a 68% reduction in the incidence of recurrent rejection episodes within the first year of transplant in @entity1 receiving @entity2098 ; only 14% of recipients receiving @entity2098 developed recurrent rejection compared to 44% of @entity1 in the control group (p<0.05). Approximately 50% of @entity1 developed @entity2098 -associated adverse effects ( @entity1431 , @entity137 ). Only 52% of @entity1 remained on @entity2098 at 6 months. One-yr graft survival was 86% in the @entity2098 group and 89% in the control group (p>0.05). One-year @entity1 survival was 93 and 100%, respectively (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity2098 to maintenance therapy for @entity1 experiencing acute renal allograft rejection may prevent recurrent rejection episodes in the subsequent follow-up year.

title: Impact of @entity618 on recurrent rejection in kidney transplant XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The plant cell responds to light stress by the expression of genes encoding specific stress proteins with possible protective functions. Five genes, the mRNA levels of which increased drastically in response to light stress in mature green leaves of @entity958 were identified and isolated by the differential display technique. These genes were designated @entity7692 - @entity70600 (light stress-regulated). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the transcript level of @entity7692 - @entity70600 increased 4- to 17-fold under light stress conditions as compared with leaves incubated at low intensity light. Further analysis of the @entity7692 - @entity70600 transcript level under cold stress, @entity1457 , wounding, desiccation, salt stress, oxidative stress and UV-A irradiation showed that the expression of all five genes was triggered by more than one stress factor. Thus, it was expected that isolated genes encode proteins involved in general stress responses. Homology searches revealed that all of the isolated cDNAs were represented in the GenBank in genomic DNAs and expressed sequence tag (EST) cDNA clones. The @entity7692 - @entity12234 genes encoded cytoplasmic proteins with assigned identities, such as @entity7692 (early responsive to dehydration), @entity42642 ( @entity42642 ), @entity70601 (late embryogenesis abundant) and @entity12234 (metallothionein class 1a), respectively. Light stress had not yet been reported to induce or enhance the expression of these genes. The @entity70600 clone encoded a novel protein with high similarity to beta-1,3-galactosyltransferases from @entity1 and primates predicted to be located in the Golgi body. Three ORFs homologous to the @entity70600 gene were found on chromosome I and IV of @entity958 indicating that a multigene family of these proteins exists in plants. The possible role of Lsr gene products in light stress defences is discussed.

title: Identification of genes expressed in response to light stress in leaves of XXXX using RNA differential display.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: AIMS: To document the clinical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of four cases of extra-orbital giant cell @entity18871 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Sections of @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were studied by @entity6175 and @entity1711 , reticulin and immunohistochemical stains. Electron microscopy was carried out in two cases on tissue fixed in @entity406 . The age of the @entity1 ranged from 30 to 41 years. Two @entity1 presented with a soft tissue swelling in the left groin, one @entity1 had a left axillary soft tissue lump and one @entity1 presented with a parotid lump. All lesions were well circumscribed and contained variably cellular and vascularized tissue composed of round to spindle cells with a patternless arrangement, scattered multinucleate giant cells and pseudovascular spaces conforming to the description of @entity18871 . Mononuclear and multinucleate @entity5 cells were both positive for @entity2277 and @entity2280 ; one @entity5 exhibited focal @entity4483 protein and GFAP positivity. Both of the @entity5 examined by electron microscopy showed fibroblastic features, but in addition one contained cells having Schwannian features. All four @entity1 were well without recurrent disease on follow-up (average 25 months). CONCLUSION: @entity18871 shares many features with @entity5 and @entity241 and shows a wider distribution than initially recognized. Rarely, Schwannian differentiation may be observed in these @entity5 .

title: A study of four cases of extra-orbital XXXX with documentation of some unusual features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'solitary fibrous tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell fibroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['Giant cell angiofibroma', 'giant cell angiofibroma', 'angiofibromas']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['giant cell angiofibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intranasal corticosteroid preparations can relieve symptoms of @entity2023 . Different aqueous corticosteroid forms have been developed for intranasal use. The objectives of this study were to compare efficacy and safety between @entity5023 and @entity4184 in the treatment for @entity1 with @entity2023 . METHODS: The study was conducted in a prospective and randomized manner; a total of 24 adult @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 received MAST allergen test at entry and again at 2 months after treatments. Fourteen @entity1 received @entity5023 200 microg once daily, and 10 @entity1 received @entity4184 200 microg twice daily. To investigate the efficacy of @entity5023 and @entity4184 , a subjective scoring system was designed to evaluate the symptom improvement of @entity1 . Adverse events were recorded on a diary card then were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Analysis on @entity1 -based symptom scores revealed that both @entity5023 and @entity4184 were equally efficacious in improving the symptoms of nasal blockage, sneezing, nasal itching, and watery @entity5254 . There were no significant side effects reported for both groups during this follow-up period. However, analysis showed that the @entity5023 group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in some MAST allergen tests (Candida, mite, house dust; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinically, @entity5023 200 microg once daily was efficacious as @entity4184 200 microg twice daily in the relief of @entity2023 . However, @entity5023 can achieve greater immunologic improvement. Both preparations showed no evidence of short-term side effects.

title: Comparisons of two intranasal corticosteroid preparations in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the @entity1014 labeling index and its prognostic role in @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: Tumor cell proliferation in 32 @entity1 with primary @entity43 admitted to Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, between 1993 and 1997 was investigated using the @entity665 labeling index ( @entity17823 ). @entity17823 results were compared with other clinical and histopathologic prognostic parameters. RESULTS: The mean and median @entity17823 values of the @entity1 were 9.3+/-6.2% and 9.20% (range: 0.4-23.0%), respectively. Sixteen @entity1 showed high proliferation rates (mean @entity17823 : 14.3%). These @entity1 had an overall survival rate of 46.7% at 3 years. The mean @entity17823 level and overall survival at 3 years in the low proliferation rate group were 4.4 and 68.8%, respectively. @entity1 with a high @entity17823 had a significantly shorter survival compared to those with a low @entity17823 (P<0.01). There was tendency towards a higher @entity17823 with advanced stage (P>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between @entity17823 and other prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION: @entity17823 may have a predictive value in determining the outcome of @entity1 with @entity43 . Further larger scale studies are needed before definite conclusions can be made about its role as a prognostic factor in this disease.

title: XXXX labeling index in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['Thymidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the @entity1014 labeling index and its prognostic role in @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: Tumor cell proliferation in 32 @entity1 with primary @entity43 admitted to Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, between 1993 and 1997 was investigated using the @entity665 labeling index ( @entity17823 ). @entity17823 results were compared with other clinical and histopathologic prognostic parameters. RESULTS: The mean and median @entity17823 values of the @entity1 were 9.3+/-6.2% and 9.20% (range: 0.4-23.0%), respectively. Sixteen @entity1 showed high proliferation rates (mean @entity17823 : 14.3%). These @entity1 had an overall survival rate of 46.7% at 3 years. The mean @entity17823 level and overall survival at 3 years in the low proliferation rate group were 4.4 and 68.8%, respectively. @entity1 with a high @entity17823 had a significantly shorter survival compared to those with a low @entity17823 (P<0.01). There was tendency towards a higher @entity17823 with advanced stage (P>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between @entity17823 and other prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION: @entity17823 may have a predictive value in determining the outcome of @entity1 with @entity43 . Further larger scale studies are needed before definite conclusions can be made about its role as a prognostic factor in this disease.

title: @entity1014 labeling index in XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare functional outcomes after @entity231 surgery performed at 4 sites in 4 countries that have been described as having significant differences in the organization of care and patterns of clinical practice. SETTING: Multicenter cohort study from the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Spain. METHODS: Clinical data and @entity1 interview data were collected preoperatively and 4 months postoperatively. Functional outcomes were assessed by the Visual Function Index (VF-14), a self-reported measure of visual function. Scores on the VF-14 range from 0 (maximum impairment) to 100 (no impairment). RESULTS: Unilateral surgery was performed in 1073 @entity1 . In this subgroup, the odds of achieving an optimal functional outcome (VF-14 score > or =95) were similar among sites after controlling for differences in case mix. Bilateral surgery was performed in 211 @entity1 . A postoperative visual acuity of 0.50 or better in both eyes was reported in 155 @entity1 . However, 37% of these @entity1 reported @entity227 (VF-14 score <95). CONCLUSIONS: A previously identified variation in treatment modalities among the 4 sites did not have a significant effect on the odds of achieving an optimal functional outcome. In addition to visual acuity measurements, the VF-14 index provides information on functional outcomes that is useful, especially in studies assessing the benefits of @entity231 surgery in a public health care setting.

title: Visual functional outcomes of XXXX surgery in the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Spain: report of the International Cataract Surgery Outcomes Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual function impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that a short course of @entity205 leads to indefinite survival of renal allografts across an MHC class-I barrier in miniature @entity1707 . We have recently reported that a peripheral regulatory mechanism appears to be involved in the maintenance of this tolerance since peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), exposed to donor antigen in vitro specifically suppressed the generation of anti-donor cytotoxic activity by recipient-matched naive PBL. We have now further investigated the mechanism of this phenomenon to determine the level at which such regulation occurs, and investigated the phenotypes of the cells involved in maintaining dominant suppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PBL from long-term tolerant animals (>6 months after renal transplantation) were pre-stimulated in vitro with donor-type PBL. These cells were then incubated with recipient-matched naive responders and donor-type PBL stimulators in MLR assays. The proliferative activity of the cells was measured by @entity665 incorporation. @entity1155 was measured by inhibition of proliferation of naive cells in response to donor PBL when co-cultured with tolerant cells. Flow cytometry was used to study the phenotypes of cells that were present in cell cultures. RESULTS: Primed PBL from tolerant animals markedly suppressed the proliferative response of recipient-matched naive cells to donor-matched stimulators in vitro. No suppression of proliferation was observed in response to third party stimulators, indicating that the suppression was donor-specific. Primed PBL from naive animals stimulated with donor antigen and co-cultured with unprimed recipient-matched naive cells also demonstrated reduced proliferative responses. However, this decrease in proliferation appeared to be due to a 'burn-out' phenomenon, as assessed by kinetic studies, rather than due to true suppression. Expression of @entity22135 increased on a sub-population of T cells from tolerant animals following priming with donor antigen. These cell then markedly inhibited further activation of @entity22135 positive cells in co-cultures with naive responder cells, suggesting a possible mechanism of suppression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the mechanism of tolerance to class-I-mismatched renal allografts, involves a population of regulatory cells that are capable of suppressing proliferative anti-donor responses.

title: Regulatory mechanism of peripheral tolerance: in vitro evidence for dominant suppression of host responses during the maintenance phase of tolerance to renal allografts in miniature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['Suppression']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the benefit of the blue-free barrier filter (BF filter) in diagnosing @entity936 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical comparison. METHODS: Fifty-three eyes with Sj  gren syndrome (n = 42) or @entity9849 sicca (n = 11) were enrolled. @entity941 staining was performed in temporal and nasal conjunctiva, and staining was scored with (BF score) and without the filter (FL score) from 0 to 3. Rose bengal staining was also scored ( @entity995 score) similarly. RESULTS: With FL scores of 0, 1, or 2, the BF score was significantly higher: 0.85 +/- 0.37 (P =.031), 1.74 +/- 0.65 (P =.001), and 2.65 +/- 0.48 (P =.001), respectively; with a FL score of 3, the BF score was 3 at all sites. The BF score was superior to the FL score in 66.6% of cases when the FL score was 0 and 1 and in 65.2% when the FL score was 2, but not when the FL score was 3. When the @entity995 score was 0, 1, or 2, the BF score was higher: 1.88 +/- 0.92, 1.78 +/- 0.79, and 2.57 +/- 0.50, respectively (P =.001 for all); when the @entity995 score was 3, the BF score was 2.97 +/- 0.16. The BF score was superior to the @entity995 score in 75.5% of cases when the @entity995 score was 0 and 1 and in 57.8% when the FL score was 2, but not in cases with a @entity995 score of 3. CONCLUSIONS: The BF filter detects damaged conjunctival epithelium stained with @entity941 . Using the filter was beneficial in mild-to-moderate cases, not in severe cases. The BF filter allows diagnosis of @entity936 even at the initial stage that is undetectable by conventional observation.

title: Diagnosing XXXX using a blue-free barrier filter.

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The atypical antipsychotic drug, @entity1089 , has recently been suggested to not only show efficacy in @entity161 , @entity162 , major @entity308 and general @entity148 , but to also have a possible anti-inflammatory effect, which could be important in the treatment of the inflammatory aspects of @entity146 . Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were given either @entity1089 (i.p. 10mg/kg), its main active metabolite @entity70602 (i.p. 10mg/kg), or saline as a vehicle control, once a day for 14days. On the 14th day, this dose was followed by a single dose of either @entity558 (i.p. 1mg/kg) or saline. 24h post @entity558 short-term recognition memory and @entity4270 behaviour were measured using the Y-maze and @entity8021 preference test respectively. Immediately following behavioural testing, @entity19 were culled before serum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal analysis of cytokine levels was conducted. It was found that @entity558 challenge led to increased serum and brain cytokine levels as well as @entity4270 , with no significant effect on recognition memory. @entity1089 and @entity70602 both increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity1618 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-y in serum 4h post @entity558 . Within the brain, a similar pattern was seen in gene expression in the hippocampus at 4h for @entity1618 and Ifn-y, however @entity70602 led to an increase in @entity635 expression in the PFC at 4h, while both drugs attenuated the increased @entity1618 in different regions of the brain at 24h. These effects in the serum and brain, however, had no effect on the observed @entity558 induced changes in behaviour. Both @entity1089 and its metabolite @entity70602 appear to have a partial anti-inflammatory effect on @entity1618 and IFN-y following acute @entity558 challenge in serum and brain, however these effects did not translate into behavioural changes.

title: The effect of the antipsychotic drug XXXX and its metabolite @entity70602 on acute inflammation, memory and @entity4270 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity70602 :: ('MESH:C572724', 'Chemical') :: ['norquetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The atypical antipsychotic drug, @entity1089 , has recently been suggested to not only show efficacy in @entity161 , @entity162 , major @entity308 and general @entity148 , but to also have a possible anti-inflammatory effect, which could be important in the treatment of the inflammatory aspects of @entity146 . Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were given either @entity1089 (i.p. 10mg/kg), its main active metabolite @entity70602 (i.p. 10mg/kg), or saline as a vehicle control, once a day for 14days. On the 14th day, this dose was followed by a single dose of either @entity558 (i.p. 1mg/kg) or saline. 24h post @entity558 short-term recognition memory and @entity4270 behaviour were measured using the Y-maze and @entity8021 preference test respectively. Immediately following behavioural testing, @entity19 were culled before serum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal analysis of cytokine levels was conducted. It was found that @entity558 challenge led to increased serum and brain cytokine levels as well as @entity4270 , with no significant effect on recognition memory. @entity1089 and @entity70602 both increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity1618 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-y in serum 4h post @entity558 . Within the brain, a similar pattern was seen in gene expression in the hippocampus at 4h for @entity1618 and Ifn-y, however @entity70602 led to an increase in @entity635 expression in the PFC at 4h, while both drugs attenuated the increased @entity1618 in different regions of the brain at 24h. These effects in the serum and brain, however, had no effect on the observed @entity558 induced changes in behaviour. Both @entity1089 and its metabolite @entity70602 appear to have a partial anti-inflammatory effect on @entity1618 and IFN-y following acute @entity558 challenge in serum and brain, however these effects did not translate into behavioural changes.

title: The effect of the antipsychotic drug @entity1089 and its metabolite @entity70602 on acute inflammation, memory and XXXX .

answer: @entity4270 :: (MESH:D059445,Disease) :: ['anhedonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The atypical antipsychotic drug, @entity1089 , has recently been suggested to not only show efficacy in @entity161 , @entity162 , major @entity308 and general @entity148 , but to also have a possible anti-inflammatory effect, which could be important in the treatment of the inflammatory aspects of @entity146 . Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were given either @entity1089 (i.p. 10mg/kg), its main active metabolite @entity70602 (i.p. 10mg/kg), or saline as a vehicle control, once a day for 14days. On the 14th day, this dose was followed by a single dose of either @entity558 (i.p. 1mg/kg) or saline. 24h post @entity558 short-term recognition memory and @entity4270 behaviour were measured using the Y-maze and @entity8021 preference test respectively. Immediately following behavioural testing, @entity19 were culled before serum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal analysis of cytokine levels was conducted. It was found that @entity558 challenge led to increased serum and brain cytokine levels as well as @entity4270 , with no significant effect on recognition memory. @entity1089 and @entity70602 both increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity1618 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-y in serum 4h post @entity558 . Within the brain, a similar pattern was seen in gene expression in the hippocampus at 4h for @entity1618 and Ifn-y, however @entity70602 led to an increase in @entity635 expression in the PFC at 4h, while both drugs attenuated the increased @entity1618 in different regions of the brain at 24h. These effects in the serum and brain, however, had no effect on the observed @entity558 induced changes in behaviour. Both @entity1089 and its metabolite @entity70602 appear to have a partial anti-inflammatory effect on @entity1618 and IFN-y following acute @entity558 challenge in serum and brain, however these effects did not translate into behavioural changes.

title: The effect of the antipsychotic drug @entity1089 and its metabolite XXXX on acute inflammation, memory and @entity4270 .

answer: @entity70602 :: (MESH:C572724,Chemical) :: ['norquetiapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) comprises approximately 85% of all @entity2 cases, and surgery is the preferred treatment for @entity1 . The National Health Service established Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) in 2002 to manage local health needs. We investigate whether PCTs with a lower uptake of surgical treatment are those with above-average mortality 1   year after diagnosis. The applied methods can be used to monitor the performance of any administrative bodies responsible for the management of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: All adults diagnosed with @entity2 during 1998-2006 in England were identified. We fitted mixed effect logistic models to predict surgical treatment within 6   months after diagnosis, and mortality within 1   year of diagnosis. RESULTS: Around 10% of the NCSLC @entity1 received curative surgery. Older deprived @entity1 and those who did not receive surgery had much higher odds of death 1   year after being diagnosed with @entity5 . In total, 69% of the PCTs were below the lower control limit of surgery and have predicted random intercepts above the mean value of zero of the random effect for mortality, whereas 40% were above the upper control limit of mortality within 1   year. CONCLUSIONS: Our main results suggest the presence of clear geographical variation in the use of surgical treatment of @entity1149 and mortality. Mixed-effects models combined with the funnel plot approach were useful for assessing the performance of PCTs that were above average in mortality and below average in surgery.

title: Inequalities in XXXX treatment and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'NSCLC lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Treatment plan for neonates with @entity1375 (persistent hyperthyrotropinemia with normothyroxinemia) has not been established. In this study, changes in thyroid function after discontinuation of low-dose @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) supplement in @entity1 with the condition were evaluated. Fourteen @entity1 with hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal screening had repeated hyperthyrotropinemia (> 8 mU/L) with normothyroxinemia. TSH response was exaggerated at TRH testing. The subjects were treated with low-dose @entity2016 (3 to 9 microg/kg/day) for 2.2 to 6 years, and euthyroid status was maintained. After discontinuation of therapy, mild hyperthyrotropinemia persisted up to 24 months, while serum FT4 remained within the lower half of the normal range. TSH response to @entity1218 stimulation, which tended to be exaggerated 1 month after discontinuation, became lower 6 to 12 months later. RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy were normal in all subjects. No @entity1 developed hypothyroxinemia, although mild elevation of TSH lasted rather long after discontinuation of low-dose @entity2016 therapy. Administration of @entity2016 was not resumed provided the subjects were followed at regular interval. Further long-term investigation is needed to define whether re-administration is necessary or not.

title: Persistence of mild hyperthyrotropinemia after discontinuation of three-year course of low-dose @entity1955 therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['borderline hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['borderline hypothyroidism']


abstract: Treatment plan for neonates with @entity1375 (persistent hyperthyrotropinemia with normothyroxinemia) has not been established. In this study, changes in thyroid function after discontinuation of low-dose @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) supplement in @entity1 with the condition were evaluated. Fourteen @entity1 with hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal screening had repeated hyperthyrotropinemia (> 8 mU/L) with normothyroxinemia. TSH response was exaggerated at TRH testing. The subjects were treated with low-dose @entity2016 (3 to 9 microg/kg/day) for 2.2 to 6 years, and euthyroid status was maintained. After discontinuation of therapy, mild hyperthyrotropinemia persisted up to 24 months, while serum FT4 remained within the lower half of the normal range. TSH response to @entity1218 stimulation, which tended to be exaggerated 1 month after discontinuation, became lower 6 to 12 months later. RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy were normal in all subjects. No @entity1 developed hypothyroxinemia, although mild elevation of TSH lasted rather long after discontinuation of low-dose @entity2016 therapy. Administration of @entity2016 was not resumed provided the subjects were followed at regular interval. Further long-term investigation is needed to define whether re-administration is necessary or not.

title: Persistence of mild hyperthyrotropinemia after discontinuation of three-year course of low-dose XXXX therapy in @entity1 with @entity1375 .

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['L-thyroxine']


abstract: Treatment plan for neonates with @entity1375 (persistent hyperthyrotropinemia with normothyroxinemia) has not been established. In this study, changes in thyroid function after discontinuation of low-dose @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) supplement in @entity1 with the condition were evaluated. Fourteen @entity1 with hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal screening had repeated hyperthyrotropinemia (> 8 mU/L) with normothyroxinemia. TSH response was exaggerated at TRH testing. The subjects were treated with low-dose @entity2016 (3 to 9 microg/kg/day) for 2.2 to 6 years, and euthyroid status was maintained. After discontinuation of therapy, mild hyperthyrotropinemia persisted up to 24 months, while serum FT4 remained within the lower half of the normal range. TSH response to @entity1218 stimulation, which tended to be exaggerated 1 month after discontinuation, became lower 6 to 12 months later. RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy were normal in all subjects. No @entity1 developed hypothyroxinemia, although mild elevation of TSH lasted rather long after discontinuation of low-dose @entity2016 therapy. Administration of @entity2016 was not resumed provided the subjects were followed at regular interval. Further long-term investigation is needed to define whether re-administration is necessary or not.

title: Persistence of mild hyperthyrotropinemia after discontinuation of three-year course of low-dose @entity1955 therapy in XXXX with @entity1375 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity10178 is expressed in the heart in animal models of @entity63 . Recent studies have suggested that @entity10178 products are involved in inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation in the heart. Using a @entity19 model, we questioned whether 1). @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in vivo induces @entity10178 expression chronically, and 2). @entity10178 inhibition reduces collagen content and improves cardiac function in @entity19 with @entity583 . @entity583 was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in @entity19 . Two days later, @entity19 were treated with 3 mg/kg @entity8228 , a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, or vehicle in drinking water for 2 wk. After the treatment period, @entity19 were subjected to two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography to determine cardiac function. Hearts were then analyzed for determination of @entity1188 size, interstitial collagen content, @entity24397 ( @entity24397 ) mRNA, myocyte cross-sectional area, and immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and @entity10178 . @entity10178 protein, detected by immunohistochemistry, was increased in @entity583 versus sham hearts. @entity583 resulted in increased left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimension and decreased ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. @entity8228 treatment partly reversed these detrimental changes. Myocyte cross-sectional area, a measure of @entity1184 , was decreased by 30% in the @entity8228 versus vehicle group, but there was no effect on @entity24397 mRNA. The interstitial collagen fraction increased from 5.4 +/- 0.4% in sham hearts to 10.4 +/- 0.9% in @entity583 hearts and was decreased to 7.9 +/- 0.6% in @entity8228 -treated hearts. A second @entity10178 inhibitor, @entity13586 ( @entity13586 ), also decreased myocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial collagen fraction. TGF-beta, a key regulator of collagen synthesis, was increased in @entity583 hearts. @entity8228 treatment reduced TGF-beta immunostaining by 40%. @entity8228 treatment had no effect on @entity1188 size. These results suggest that @entity10178 products contribute to @entity299 after @entity583 . Thus selected inhibition of @entity10178 may be a therapeutic target for reducing @entity16 after @entity583 .

title: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 improves cardiac function after XXXX in the @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte damage']

entities_list: @entity24397 :: ('18158(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling and functional deficits']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity10178 is expressed in the heart in animal models of @entity63 . Recent studies have suggested that @entity10178 products are involved in inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation in the heart. Using a @entity19 model, we questioned whether 1). @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in vivo induces @entity10178 expression chronically, and 2). @entity10178 inhibition reduces collagen content and improves cardiac function in @entity19 with @entity583 . @entity583 was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in @entity19 . Two days later, @entity19 were treated with 3 mg/kg @entity8228 , a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, or vehicle in drinking water for 2 wk. After the treatment period, @entity19 were subjected to two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography to determine cardiac function. Hearts were then analyzed for determination of @entity1188 size, interstitial collagen content, @entity24397 ( @entity24397 ) mRNA, myocyte cross-sectional area, and immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and @entity10178 . @entity10178 protein, detected by immunohistochemistry, was increased in @entity583 versus sham hearts. @entity583 resulted in increased left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimension and decreased ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. @entity8228 treatment partly reversed these detrimental changes. Myocyte cross-sectional area, a measure of @entity1184 , was decreased by 30% in the @entity8228 versus vehicle group, but there was no effect on @entity24397 mRNA. The interstitial collagen fraction increased from 5.4 +/- 0.4% in sham hearts to 10.4 +/- 0.9% in @entity583 hearts and was decreased to 7.9 +/- 0.6% in @entity8228 -treated hearts. A second @entity10178 inhibitor, @entity13586 ( @entity13586 ), also decreased myocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial collagen fraction. TGF-beta, a key regulator of collagen synthesis, was increased in @entity583 hearts. @entity8228 treatment reduced TGF-beta immunostaining by 40%. @entity8228 treatment had no effect on @entity1188 size. These results suggest that @entity10178 products contribute to @entity299 after @entity583 . Thus selected inhibition of @entity10178 may be a therapeutic target for reducing @entity16 after @entity583 .

title: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 improves cardiac function after @entity583 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical needs often dictate testing for several autoantibodies in a single @entity1 with evidence of @entity792 . We developed a microarray containing 15 autoantigens for the detection of autoantibodies in @entity792 . METHODS: We synthesized recombinant @entity17353 , @entity4166 , SSA 52-kDa antigen, SSA 60-kDa antigen, SSB antigen, and Jo-1 antigen and prepared anti-nuclear antibody antigens. Cyclic citrullinated peptide, histone, goat IgG for detection of rheumatoid factor, double-stranded DNA, and single-stranded DNA were purchased, as were recombinant small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1, topoisomerase I, and Smith antigen (Sm). All 15 antigens were of @entity1 origin except @entity291 thymus Sm. Proteins were printed on @entity852 . The arrays were incubated with serum samples and then with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and chemiluminescent substrates, and light signals were captured by a charge-coupled device camera-based chip reader. Antibodies were quantified by use of calibration curves. Positive samples were confirmed by commercially available methods. RESULTS: The detection limit of the microarray system was 20 pg of IgG printed on the @entity852 support. More than 85% of the confirmed positive sera were detected as positive with the microarray system based on cutoff values established with the microarray system. The imprecision (CV) of the microarrays was <15% for all 15 autoantibody assays, with the exception of single-stranded DNA (18% and 23%) within and between batches. Characteristic autoantibody patterns were seen in @entity1 with clinical diagnoses of @entity309 (n = 83), @entity1252 (n = 71), @entity785 (n = 36), @entity6558 (n = 38), and Sjogren syndrome (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS: This microarray system provides results similar to those by conventional methods. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of the system remains to be done.

title: Parallel detection of autoantibodies with microarrays in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity17353 :: ('1059', 'Gene') :: ['centromere protein B']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'rheumatoid autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid diseases']


abstract: Combined electrophysiological and imaging techniques were used to study @entity460 currents (ICa) and their sites of origin at rod bipolar cells in @entity35 retinal slices. We report here for the first time the successful whole-cell patch-clamp recording from presynaptic boutons that were compared with somatic recordings. @entity4524 -resistant inward currents were elicited in response to depolarization. The kinetic and pharmacological properties of ICa were very similar for recordings obtained from the soma and the presynaptic terminals. ICa activated maximally between -30 and -20 mV was enhanced by @entity9898 and was blocked by @entity4768 and @entity594 . Peak amplitude and time to peak were -31.3 +/- 1.2 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.2 msec with somatic recordings (n = 54), whereas the corresponding values were -31.6 +/- 6.1 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.7 msec in recordings obtained directly from terminals (n = 6). ICa showed little inactivation during sustained depolarizations. No T-type ICa was observed with depolarizations from -90 mV. Concomitant with @entity141 entry, depolarization induced the appearance of transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by @entity1246 and @entity2228 receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses. Upon depolarization, intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) rises were restricted to the presynaptic terminals with no somatic or axonal changes and were linearly dependent on pulse duration when using a low-affinity @entity141 indicator. In cone bipolar cells, ICa inactivated markedly, and [ @entity141 ]i rises occurred in the axon, as well as in the presynaptic terminals.

title: XXXX currents and @entity460 signaling in rod bipolar cells of @entity35 retinal slices.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity4768 :: ('MESH:D017275', 'Chemical') :: ['isradipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Combined electrophysiological and imaging techniques were used to study @entity460 currents (ICa) and their sites of origin at rod bipolar cells in @entity35 retinal slices. We report here for the first time the successful whole-cell patch-clamp recording from presynaptic boutons that were compared with somatic recordings. @entity4524 -resistant inward currents were elicited in response to depolarization. The kinetic and pharmacological properties of ICa were very similar for recordings obtained from the soma and the presynaptic terminals. ICa activated maximally between -30 and -20 mV was enhanced by @entity9898 and was blocked by @entity4768 and @entity594 . Peak amplitude and time to peak were -31.3 +/- 1.2 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.2 msec with somatic recordings (n = 54), whereas the corresponding values were -31.6 +/- 6.1 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.7 msec in recordings obtained directly from terminals (n = 6). ICa showed little inactivation during sustained depolarizations. No T-type ICa was observed with depolarizations from -90 mV. Concomitant with @entity141 entry, depolarization induced the appearance of transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by @entity1246 and @entity2228 receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses. Upon depolarization, intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) rises were restricted to the presynaptic terminals with no somatic or axonal changes and were linearly dependent on pulse duration when using a low-affinity @entity141 indicator. In cone bipolar cells, ICa inactivated markedly, and [ @entity141 ]i rises occurred in the axon, as well as in the presynaptic terminals.

title: @entity460 currents and XXXX signaling in rod bipolar cells of @entity35 retinal slices.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Combined electrophysiological and imaging techniques were used to study @entity460 currents (ICa) and their sites of origin at rod bipolar cells in @entity35 retinal slices. We report here for the first time the successful whole-cell patch-clamp recording from presynaptic boutons that were compared with somatic recordings. @entity4524 -resistant inward currents were elicited in response to depolarization. The kinetic and pharmacological properties of ICa were very similar for recordings obtained from the soma and the presynaptic terminals. ICa activated maximally between -30 and -20 mV was enhanced by @entity9898 and was blocked by @entity4768 and @entity594 . Peak amplitude and time to peak were -31.3 +/- 1.2 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.2 msec with somatic recordings (n = 54), whereas the corresponding values were -31.6 +/- 6.1 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.7 msec in recordings obtained directly from terminals (n = 6). ICa showed little inactivation during sustained depolarizations. No T-type ICa was observed with depolarizations from -90 mV. Concomitant with @entity141 entry, depolarization induced the appearance of transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by @entity1246 and @entity2228 receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses. Upon depolarization, intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) rises were restricted to the presynaptic terminals with no somatic or axonal changes and were linearly dependent on pulse duration when using a low-affinity @entity141 indicator. In cone bipolar cells, ICa inactivated markedly, and [ @entity141 ]i rises occurred in the axon, as well as in the presynaptic terminals.

title: @entity460 currents and @entity460 signaling in rod bipolar cells of XXXX retinal slices.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The lack of axonal regeneration in the injured adult @entity1 spinal cord leads to permanent functional impairment. To induce axonal regeneration in the transected adult @entity35 spinal cord, we have used the axonal growth-promoting properties of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia (EG). Schwann cell (SC)-filled guidance channels were grafted to bridge both @entity602 , and suspensions of pure (98%) Hoechst-labeled EG were stereotaxically injected into the midline of both stumps, 1 mm from the edges of the channel. In EG-transplanted animals, numerous neurofilament-, GAP-43-, anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4655 )-, and @entity750 -immunoreactive fibers traversed the glial scars formed at both cord-graft interfaces. Supraspinal serotonergic axons crossed the transection gap through connective tissue bridges formed on the exterior of the channels, avoiding the channel interior. Strikingly, after crossing the distal glial scar, these fibers elongated in white and periaqueductal gray matter, reaching the farthest distance analyzed (1.5 cm). Tracer-labeled axons present in SC grafts were found to extend across the distal interface and up to 800 microm beyond in the distal cord. Long-distance regeneration (at least 2.5 cm) of injured ascending propriospinal axons was observed in the rostral spinal cord. Transplanted EG migrated longitudinally and laterally from the injection sites, reaching the farthest distance analyzed (1.5 cm). They moved through white matter tracts, gray matter, and glial scars, overcoming the inhibitory nature of the CNS environment, and invaded SC and connective tissue bridges and the dorsal and ventral roots adjacent to the transection site. Transplanted EG and regenerating axons were found in the same locations. Because EG seem to provide injured spinal axons with appropriate factors for long-distance elongation, these cells offer new possibilities for treatment of CNS conditions that require axonal regeneration.

title: Long-distance axonal regeneration in the transected adult XXXX spinal cord is promoted by olfactory ensheathing glia transplants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord stumps']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1049 in @entity660 is rare but potentially fatal. Extension of contiguous @entity32 or @entity5 , autodigestive effects of enzymes, or dissection of a @entity9007 or @entity733 may involve the colon producing obstruction, perforation, @entity548 , or @entity490 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 with @entity660 requiring colonic resection were identified. Cases included @entity788 producing @entity694 invading the colon (3). extension of @entity788 producing a @entity694 (3). and @entity9007 eroding into the splenic flexure (1). Presentation was varied, including @entity548 (2). clinical deterioration during severe @entity788 (4). and @entity1744 (3). The 3 cases due to malignancy, 1 of which was recurrent, presented with primary @entity29 suggesting @entity660 . Typically, @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 had @entity694 obscured and unrecognized initially because of the ongoing, fulminant inflammatory process. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of large bowel involvement may be difficult because of nonspecific symptoms or be masked by the systemic features of a @entity3124 . Colonoscopy, contrast x-rays, or CT scan may be vital in selected cases to detect underlying pathology. Clinicians should be aware that acute or chronic @entity788 or @entity3123 may compress, erode, or inflame the large bowel, resulting in life-threatening @entity39 , @entity548 , obstruction, or perforation.

title: Severe colonic complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['colonic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease', 'intestinal obstruction rather than pancreatic disease', 'pancreatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic pathology', 'colonic stricture', 'colonic necrosis (2). pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic involvement']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic disease']


abstract: @entity151 ( @entity151 ) responds to treatment with @entity900 and @entity2879 , but relapse is rapid and survival rates are low. Our aims were to determine the mechanisms of resistance and the potential for @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) to overcome any drug or radiation resistance. To mimic clinical treatment, H69 @entity151 cells, representative of the classic form of the disease, and H82 cells, with the phenotype of the more resistant variant disease, were treated intermittently with 100 ng/ml @entity900 or 500 ng/ml @entity2879 (approximate IC50 drug doses) to produce stable sublines. Drug and radiation resistance were determined using the @entity98 assay. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. The effect of @entity1311 on drug resistance was determined by @entity137 assays. Intermittent 4-day treatment with 100 ng/ml @entity900 caused 2- to 3-fold resistance to @entity900 (n=5; p<0.05), and 2- to 5-fold cross resistance to @entity2879 , alkylating drugs, the Vinca drugs and radiation. Resistance was mediated primarily by changes in @entity2041 metabolism and was not associated with changes in @entity7737 transport protein. Treatment with @entity2879 (500 ng/ml) produced cells with 2-fold resistance to @entity2879 (n=5; p<0.05). Cross-resistance was limited and mediated by decreased topoisomerase IIalpha. Treatment of both drug-resistant sublines with a maximal non-cytotoxic dose of @entity1311 sensitized them to other drugs and to radiation, although this treatment had no effect on the parental H69 or H82 cells. We conclude that @entity1311 may play an important role in the treatment of refractory @entity151 .

title: Modulation of drug and radiation resistance in XXXX cells by @entity1311 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'Small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity151 ( @entity151 ) responds to treatment with @entity900 and @entity2879 , but relapse is rapid and survival rates are low. Our aims were to determine the mechanisms of resistance and the potential for @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) to overcome any drug or radiation resistance. To mimic clinical treatment, H69 @entity151 cells, representative of the classic form of the disease, and H82 cells, with the phenotype of the more resistant variant disease, were treated intermittently with 100 ng/ml @entity900 or 500 ng/ml @entity2879 (approximate IC50 drug doses) to produce stable sublines. Drug and radiation resistance were determined using the @entity98 assay. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. The effect of @entity1311 on drug resistance was determined by @entity137 assays. Intermittent 4-day treatment with 100 ng/ml @entity900 caused 2- to 3-fold resistance to @entity900 (n=5; p<0.05), and 2- to 5-fold cross resistance to @entity2879 , alkylating drugs, the Vinca drugs and radiation. Resistance was mediated primarily by changes in @entity2041 metabolism and was not associated with changes in @entity7737 transport protein. Treatment with @entity2879 (500 ng/ml) produced cells with 2-fold resistance to @entity2879 (n=5; p<0.05). Cross-resistance was limited and mediated by decreased topoisomerase IIalpha. Treatment of both drug-resistant sublines with a maximal non-cytotoxic dose of @entity1311 sensitized them to other drugs and to radiation, although this treatment had no effect on the parental H69 or H82 cells. We conclude that @entity1311 may play an important role in the treatment of refractory @entity151 .

title: Modulation of drug and radiation resistance in @entity151 cells by XXXX .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: In the past two decades, normal endothelial function has been identified as integral to vascular health. The endothelium produces numerous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor compounds that regulate vascular tone; the vasodilator, @entity842 (NO), has additional antiatherogenic properties, is probably the most important and best characterised mediator, and its intrinsic vasodilator function is commonly used as a surrogate index of endothelial function. Many conditions, including @entity731 , @entity6 and even vascular risk factors, are associated with @entity409 , which, in turn, correlates with @entity65 . Furthermore, clinical benefit and improved endothelial function tend to be associated in response to interventions. Shear stress on endothelial cells is a potent stimulus for NO production. Although the role of endothelium-derived NO in acute exercise has not been fully resolved, exercise training involving repetitive bouts of exercise over weeks or months up-regulates endothelial NO bioactivity. Animal studies have found improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation after as few as 7 days of exercise. Consequent changes in vasodilator function appear to persist for several weeks but may regress with long-term training, perhaps reflecting progression to structural adaptation which may, however, have been partly endothelium-dependent. The increase in blood flow, and change in haemodynamics that occur during acute exercise may, therefore, provide a stimulus for both acute and chronic changes in vascular function. Substantial differences within species and within the vasculature appear to exist. In @entity1 , exercise training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilator function, not only as a localised phenomenon in the active muscle group, but also as a systemic response when a relatively large mass of muscle is activated regularly during an exercise training programme. Individuals with initially impaired endothelial function at baseline appear to be more responsive to exercise training than healthy individuals; that is, it is more difficult to improve already normal vascular function. While improvement is reflected in increased NO bioactivity, the detail of mechanisms, for example the relative importance of up-regulation of mediators and antioxidant effects, is unclear. Optimum training schedules, possible sequential changes and the duration of benefit under various conditions also remain largely unresolved. In summary, epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that regular exercise confers beneficial effects on @entity65 . Shear stress-mediated improvement in endothelial function provides one plausible explanation for the cardioprotective benefits of exercise training.

title: Exercise and the XXXX vasodilator system.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular health', 'cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: There is a lack of research evaluating multiple follow-up visits, specifically when using continuous outcome measures. Continuous outcome measures with several follow-up assessments would allow us to evaluate rate of recovery. PURPOSE: To predict low back @entity158 outcomes based on the quantification of initial conditions. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This was a prospective study where @entity1 were enrolled within the first month of low back @entity158 symptoms and evaluated for 3 months. @entity1 were recruited from several primary care facilities. @entity1 SAMPLE: Thirty-two @entity1 with local low back @entity158 symptoms were recruited for the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: There were four major outcome measures, including functional performance probability, symptom intensity, impairment of activities of daily living, and a summary outcome measure. METHODS: Regression models were constructed using the initial conditions, including psychological, psychosocial, physical workplace, and personal factors, to predict the rate of recovery for each outcome measure. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 completed the study. The r2 value for the rate of recovery regression models were 0.77 symptom intensity prediction, 0.85 activities of daily living prediction, 0.87 functional performance probability prediction, and 0.96 summary outcome measure prediction. Two functional performance patterns of recovery were found, including a steady improvement and a large jump in improvement. A discriminant function model identified the pattern of recovery in 91% of cases given initial conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous outcome measures can be accurately predicted given the initial conditions.

title: Predicting recovery using continuous low back XXXX outcome measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT', 'Patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a neurological complication observed in @entity1 with @entity409 . @entity1 who suffer from @entity99 present neuropsychiatric, neuromuscular and behavioral symptoms. Animal models proposed to study @entity99 resulting from @entity82 mimic the clinical characteristics of @entity82 and @entity101 , and require the administration of hepatotoxins such as @entity7008 ( @entity2796 ). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a high protein diet on motor function, @entity148 and memory processes in a model of @entity82 induced by @entity2796 administration. In addition, we used cytochrome c-oxidase (COx) histochemistry to assess the metabolic activity of the limbic system regions. Male @entity35 were distributed into groups: control, animals with @entity82 , Control @entity35 receiving a high protein diet, and animals with @entity82 receiving a high protein diet. Results showed preserved motor function and normal @entity148 levels in all the groups. The animals with @entity82 showed an impairment in active avoidance behavior and spatial memory, regardless of the diet they received. However, the animals with @entity82 and a high protein diet showed longer escape latencies on the spatial memory task. The model of @entity82 presented an under-activation of the dentate gyrus and @entity1251 hippocampal subfields and the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus. The results suggest that a high protein intake worsens spatial @entity2414 shown by the @entity2796 -induced model of @entity82 . However, high protein ingestion has no influence on the COx hypoactivity associated with the model.

title: Effects of a high protein diet on cognition and brain metabolism in cirrhotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In the present study, we investigated the oscillatory behavior of the auditory thalamic neurons through in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in anesthetized @entity840 . Repeated acoustic stimulus and cortical electrical stimulation were applied to examine their modulatory effects on the @entity9479 . The time course of the spike frequency over each trial was obtained by summing all spikes in the onset period and/or the last time period of 100 or 200 msec in the raster display. Spectral analysis was made on the time course of the spike frequency. A slow-frequency oscillation ranging from 0.03 to 0.25 Hz (mean +/- SD, 0.11 +/- 0.05 Hz) was found in the medial geniculate body (MGB) together with a second rhythm of 5-10 Hz. The oscillation neurons had a mean auditory response latency of 17.3 +/- 0.3 msec, which was significantly longer than that of the non-oscillation neurons in lemniscal MGB (9.0 +/- 1.5 msec, p < 0.001, ANOVA) and similar to the non-oscillation neurons in the non-lemniscal MGB (17.6 +/- 5.4 msec, p = 0.811). They were located in the non-lemniscal nuclei of the auditory thalamus. Cortical stimulation altered the @entity9479 , leading to termination of the oscillation or to acceleration of the rhythm of the oscillation (the average rhythm changed from 0.07 +/- 0.03 to 0.11 +/- 0.04 Hz, n = 8, p = 0.066, t test). Acoustic stimulation triggered a more regular rhythm in the oscillation neurons. The present results suggest that only the @entity2167 is involved in the @entity73 . The auditory cortex may control the oscillation of the auditory thalamic neurons.

title: @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow thalamocortical oscillation']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic oscillation']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['non-lemniscal auditory thalamus']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['non-lemniscal auditory thalamus']


abstract: In the present study, we investigated the oscillatory behavior of the auditory thalamic neurons through in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in anesthetized @entity840 . Repeated acoustic stimulus and cortical electrical stimulation were applied to examine their modulatory effects on the @entity9479 . The time course of the spike frequency over each trial was obtained by summing all spikes in the onset period and/or the last time period of 100 or 200 msec in the raster display. Spectral analysis was made on the time course of the spike frequency. A slow-frequency oscillation ranging from 0.03 to 0.25 Hz (mean +/- SD, 0.11 +/- 0.05 Hz) was found in the medial geniculate body (MGB) together with a second rhythm of 5-10 Hz. The oscillation neurons had a mean auditory response latency of 17.3 +/- 0.3 msec, which was significantly longer than that of the non-oscillation neurons in lemniscal MGB (9.0 +/- 1.5 msec, p < 0.001, ANOVA) and similar to the non-oscillation neurons in the non-lemniscal MGB (17.6 +/- 5.4 msec, p = 0.811). They were located in the non-lemniscal nuclei of the auditory thalamus. Cortical stimulation altered the @entity9479 , leading to termination of the oscillation or to acceleration of the rhythm of the oscillation (the average rhythm changed from 0.07 +/- 0.03 to 0.11 +/- 0.04 Hz, n = 8, p = 0.066, t test). Acoustic stimulation triggered a more regular rhythm in the oscillation neurons. The present results suggest that only the @entity2167 is involved in the @entity73 . The auditory cortex may control the oscillation of the auditory thalamic neurons.

title: XXXX in @entity2167 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Slow oscillation']