abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) is a polypoid lesion originating from the maxillary sinus, emerging from the ostium and extending to the choana. Although the etiologic causes of @entity1127 are not known completely, it presents a fairly uniform clinical appearance. @entity842 (NO) has an important role in non-specific immunoreactions and @entity32 in various tissues and has a main regulatory role in airway function and seems to involve in pathomechanism of several @entity17220 . NO is synthesized by the effect of three isoforms of @entity842 synthase i.e. @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ). Some studies revealed that @entity1127 has some different characteristics from the ordinary @entity480 . In the present study, in order to compare @entity1127 with @entity56 (NANP), we detected and localized the @entity3623 expression and also evaluate some histological parameters. METHODS: Twenty-six cases were chosen from the files and four controls were used. The cases were separated as follows: normal inferior turbinate mucosa as control (n=4) ACPs (n=8), @entity480 ( @entity480 ) (n=9), and NANP (n=9). Five-micrometer thick sections were prepared from the paraffin sections of @entity1127 and normal nasal mucosa to quantify the @entity3623 expression. @entity3623 protein was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial and stromal inflammatory cells. @entity3623 protein expression in the groups was assessed according to the intensity of staining and histomorphological parameters, @entity4 , lymphocytic and eosinophilic cell infiltration were detected semi quantitatively. RESULTS: @entity3623 expressions, either stromal or epithelial, were not different from each other among the four groups. Although it is not statistically significant, we noted that @entity480 and @entity1127 frequently showed moderate and severe @entity3623 protein expression in epithelial and stromal parts when compared with NANPs and controls. Also, @entity3623 expression was significantly higher in the stroma of the ANPs than NANPs (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: ACPs and ANPs have frequently showed moderate and significant epithelial and stromal @entity3623 expression. Further studies are needed in large groups to elucidate differences between @entity1127 and the other @entity480 .

title: Expression of inducible @entity842 synthase in antrochoanal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['ACP', 'polyps', 'Antrochoanal polyp']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory system diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic and non-allergic nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['allergic nasal polyps', 'nasal polyps', 'ANP']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) is a polypoid lesion originating from the maxillary sinus, emerging from the ostium and extending to the choana. Although the etiologic causes of @entity1127 are not known completely, it presents a fairly uniform clinical appearance. @entity842 (NO) has an important role in non-specific immunoreactions and @entity32 in various tissues and has a main regulatory role in airway function and seems to involve in pathomechanism of several @entity17220 . NO is synthesized by the effect of three isoforms of @entity842 synthase i.e. @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ). Some studies revealed that @entity1127 has some different characteristics from the ordinary @entity480 . In the present study, in order to compare @entity1127 with @entity56 (NANP), we detected and localized the @entity3623 expression and also evaluate some histological parameters. METHODS: Twenty-six cases were chosen from the files and four controls were used. The cases were separated as follows: normal inferior turbinate mucosa as control (n=4) ACPs (n=8), @entity480 ( @entity480 ) (n=9), and NANP (n=9). Five-micrometer thick sections were prepared from the paraffin sections of @entity1127 and normal nasal mucosa to quantify the @entity3623 expression. @entity3623 protein was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial and stromal inflammatory cells. @entity3623 protein expression in the groups was assessed according to the intensity of staining and histomorphological parameters, @entity4 , lymphocytic and eosinophilic cell infiltration were detected semi quantitatively. RESULTS: @entity3623 expressions, either stromal or epithelial, were not different from each other among the four groups. Although it is not statistically significant, we noted that @entity480 and @entity1127 frequently showed moderate and severe @entity3623 protein expression in epithelial and stromal parts when compared with NANPs and controls. Also, @entity3623 expression was significantly higher in the stroma of the ANPs than NANPs (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: ACPs and ANPs have frequently showed moderate and significant epithelial and stromal @entity3623 expression. Further studies are needed in large groups to elucidate differences between @entity1127 and the other @entity480 .

title: Expression of inducible XXXX synthase in antrochoanal @entity1127 .

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of peripheral @entity2103 reconstruction by surgical treatment and determine the influence factors for recovery. METHODS: From 1999 to 2009, 104 @entity1 underwent surgical rehabilitation for transected peripheral @entity2123 in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The age ranged from 2 to 77 years with a median age of 30 years. Sixty-five of the 72 cases (90.2%) who underwent @entity2103 and 24 of the 32 @entity1 (75.0%) underwent @entity2103 grafting. All these @entity1 were followed for the final results. @entity2103 was scored by the gross and regional House-Brackmann (HB) facial grading system. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package by   2 test or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: In the @entity2103 group, @entity23201 IV function were achieved in 37 (56.9%), 11 (16.9%), 15 (23.1%) and 2 (3.1%) @entity1 respectively. The regional grades showed that the recovery rate of @entity23201 were 27.3% in forehead, 97.6% in eye region, 97.9% in midface and 78.6% in the mouth region. In the @entity2103 grafting group, HB grades I, II, III and IV were achieved in 4 (16.7%), 5 (20.8%), 7 (29.2%) and 8 (33.3%) @entity1 respectively. By regional HB grades, @entity23201 rate were 37.5% in forehead, 73.7% in eye region, 72.7% in midface, 44.4% in mouth region. The @entity2103 group had a higher @entity23201 recovery rate than @entity2103 grafting group (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: @entity2103 and @entity2103 grafting are effective surgical options for transected peripheral @entity2123 . The site and range of @entity2123 , the time post onset until repair, and the age of @entity1 are factors that influence the clinical outcomes.

title: [Surgical treatment of transected peripheral XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity23201 :: ('2288', 'Gene') :: ['HB I, HB II, HB III and HB', 'HB I and II']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve anastomosis', 'facial nerve', 'Facial nerve anastomosis', 'Facial nerve function']

answer: @entity2123 :: (MESH:D020220,Disease) :: ['facial nerve injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of the recently discovered @entity725 ( @entity725 ) risk factor mapped to chromosome 7q31 in @entity726 @entity1 from Iowa and to determine the expression pattern of genes in the locus in @entity1 eyes. METHODS: A cohort of 545 @entity725 @entity1 and 297 control subjects from Iowa were genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; @entity65032 ) in the chromosome 7q31 locus using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The expression of genes within the 7q31 locus, @entity5689 ( @entity5689 ) and @entity30716 ( @entity30716 ) in @entity1 eyes was investigated with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The minor allele frequency (MAF) of @entity65032 was 27% in control subjects and 29% in @entity725 @entity1 . We detected no statistical difference when we compared the allele frequencies of @entity65032 between @entity725 @entity1 and control subjects (p=0.5). Similarly, we detected no statistical difference in the frequency of the three possible @entity65032 genotypes between @entity1 and controls (p=0.22). Immunohistochemistry showed caveolin expression in @entity1 retina, ciliary muscle, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm's canal. In our small cohort of donor eyes, the genotype of @entity65032 did not obviously influence labeling intensity or distribution of @entity5689 and @entity30716 in the retina. CONCLUSIONS: A genome-wide association study of subjects from Iceland mapped the first common genetic risk factor for @entity725 to a small region of the genome on chromosome 7q31 that contains the caveolin genes @entity5689 and @entity30716 . We were unable to detect this association in our @entity1 from Iowa, suggesting that this risk factor may not have a strong effect in all populations.

title: Chromosome 7q31 XXXX locus: ocular expression of caveolins and lack of association with @entity725 in a US cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['POAG']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of the recently discovered @entity725 ( @entity725 ) risk factor mapped to chromosome 7q31 in @entity726 @entity1 from Iowa and to determine the expression pattern of genes in the locus in @entity1 eyes. METHODS: A cohort of 545 @entity725 @entity1 and 297 control subjects from Iowa were genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; @entity65032 ) in the chromosome 7q31 locus using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The expression of genes within the 7q31 locus, @entity5689 ( @entity5689 ) and @entity30716 ( @entity30716 ) in @entity1 eyes was investigated with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The minor allele frequency (MAF) of @entity65032 was 27% in control subjects and 29% in @entity725 @entity1 . We detected no statistical difference when we compared the allele frequencies of @entity65032 between @entity725 @entity1 and control subjects (p=0.5). Similarly, we detected no statistical difference in the frequency of the three possible @entity65032 genotypes between @entity1 and controls (p=0.22). Immunohistochemistry showed caveolin expression in @entity1 retina, ciliary muscle, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm's canal. In our small cohort of donor eyes, the genotype of @entity65032 did not obviously influence labeling intensity or distribution of @entity5689 and @entity30716 in the retina. CONCLUSIONS: A genome-wide association study of subjects from Iceland mapped the first common genetic risk factor for @entity725 to a small region of the genome on chromosome 7q31 that contains the caveolin genes @entity5689 and @entity30716 . We were unable to detect this association in our @entity1 from Iowa, suggesting that this risk factor may not have a strong effect in all populations.

title: Chromosome 7q31 @entity725 locus: ocular expression of caveolins and lack of association with XXXX in a US cohort.

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['POAG']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause of atypical manifestation of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in triple-phase spiral CT enhanced scan. METHODS: Triple-phase spiral CT scan was performed in 75 @entity1 with @entity157 . The hepatic arterial phase (HAP), portal venous phase ( @entity12468 ) and delayed phase (DP) images were started at 25 to 30 s, 65 to 70 s and 3 tp 5 min after injection of contrast medium. The contrast enhanced patterns of lesion were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-two lesions were found in 75 @entity1 . Typical enhanced findings such as hyperdense in HAP and @entity6152 in @entity12468 and DP was found in 60 of 92 lesions. Atypical enhanced findings were observed in the other 32 lesions. Fourteen of 32 atypical enhanced lesions were hyperdense in HAP and isodense in @entity12468 , of which 8 were seen in liver @entity82 and 3 in @entity1560 . In DP, 10 were @entity6152 and 4 still isodense. Eight of the 32 lesions were hyperdense both in HAP and @entity12468 , of which 6 were seen in @entity1560 . In DP, 3 were isodense and 5 were @entity6152 . Six of 32 lesions were isodense in HAP which became @entity6152 in @entity12468 and DP. Four of 32 lesions were all @entity6152 in HAP, @entity12468 and DP. CONCLUSION: Multiple atypical enhanced manifestations are present by triple-phase spiral CT scan in @entity157 . Pattern of blood supply, scanning technique and pathophysiologic status are usually the cause of these findings.

title: [Atypical manifestation of XXXX by triple-phase spiral CT scan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodense']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The results are reported of four feeding experiments in which lactating @entity291 were given fixed rations of hay and high-cereal concentrates at different meal frequencies. In Expt 1 the total ration was given in two and twenty-four meals daily and in Expts 2-4, the concentrates were given in two and five or six meals and the hay was given twice daily. The diets contained 600-900 g concentrate/kg. In all the experiments, more frequent feeding of these low-roughage diets reduced milk fat @entity308 and increased milk fat yield. In each experiment the increase was greater with the diet containing the lower proportion of hay. There was no significant effect on milk yield, the protein or @entity1132 contents of the milk or live-weight gain. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy was increased in one of the experiments but not in two others in which it was measured. More frequent feeding was calculated to increase the net energy secreted in milk and there was a tendency for it to increase the net energy in live-weight gain with diets containing 600 or 700 g concentrate/kg but to decrease it with diets containing 800 or 900 g concentrate/kg. These results are discussed in relation to theories of energy partition in lactating @entity291 . It is concluded that at fixed feed intakes, the main response to increased meal frequency is likely to be a reduction in milk fat @entity308 and that this will be confined to diets containing not more than about 200 g modified acid-detergent fibre/kg dry matter.

title: Feeding frequency for lactating XXXX : effects on digestion, milk production and energy utilization.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity3513 (+) ) cell-based @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity19 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity19 were transplanted with @entity3513 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity19 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity19 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity19 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity3513 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity7424 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity19 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity7424 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity19 with targeted bone @entity7424 expression showing that high local @entity7424 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity604 . Thus, GH and/or @entity7424 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity3513 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic @entity1 @entity2124 gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor-I']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity3513 (+) ) cell-based @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity19 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity19 were transplanted with @entity3513 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity19 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity19 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity19 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity3513 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity7424 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity19 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity7424 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity19 with targeted bone @entity7424 expression showing that high local @entity7424 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity604 . Thus, GH and/or @entity7424 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity3513 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic @entity1 XXXX gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and @entity604 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity3513 (+) ) cell-based @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity19 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity19 were transplanted with @entity3513 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity19 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity19 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity19 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity3513 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity7424 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity19 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity7424 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity19 with targeted bone @entity7424 expression showing that high local @entity7424 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity604 . Thus, GH and/or @entity7424 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity3513 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic XXXX @entity2124 gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and @entity604 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity3513 (+) ) cell-based @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity19 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity19 were transplanted with @entity3513 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity19 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity19 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity19 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity3513 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity7424 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity19 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity7424 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity19 with targeted bone @entity7424 expression showing that high local @entity7424 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity604 . Thus, GH and/or @entity7424 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity3513 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic @entity1 @entity2124 gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and @entity604 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: From the first laparoscopic colectomy that we performed 18 years ago, several studies showed equivalent oncologic results of this technique compared to open surgery Despite this evidence traditional surgeons remain skeptical in the use of this technique, although it may favor an early return of bowel function and therefore a shorter hospitalization, as reported in recent comparative studies. Many colorectal surgeons, who have appreciated the advantages of laparoscopic colectomy, extended this approach also in @entity5 , finding a better view in the pelvis during dissection. METHOD: From 1992 to july 2009 we performed more than 400 laparoscopic resection and amputation for @entity5 . One hundreds eighteen @entity1 (TNM stage I-III) with a 36 month minimum follow-up were enrolled in this analysis. Converted @entity1 to open surgery and @entity1 staged as iT1N0 are not present in this series because we treat with local excision by TEM. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 160 minutes (90-265). Mortality was 1% in 186 @entity1 and conversion rate was 1.5%. Major complications occurred in 10.7%, including @entity834 in 14 @entity1 (7.5%) and mean hospital stay was 7.7 days. With a mean follow up of 96.8 (36-175) months in the stage I-III, the local recurrence rate was 12.5%. Systematic recurrence occurred in 13.1%. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection in @entity5 would allow the use of the same Heald's technique, respecting the Heald's principle of meticulous dissection during total mesorectal excision, furthermore we are waiting 5 years data from randomized trials (COLOR II and CLASICC).

title: [Laparoscopic surgery of XXXX : state of art and long-term results].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity342 deprivation as a treatment for @entity263 has evolved since the pioneering studies of Huggins and Hodges 60 years ago using surgical castration or @entity172 treatments. The most common hormonal treatments today use injections of @entity4396 ( @entity4396 ) agonists. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 5 @entity4396 agonist formulations for treatment of @entity263 in the United States. Of these approved products, 3 involve different delivery systems for the @entity4396 superagonist @entity3086 . Sustained-release formulations of 2 distinct @entity4396 agonists, @entity10925 and @entity19040 , are also commercially available. This review focuses on new data on a novel formulation of @entity3086 (Eligard; Atrix Laboratories Inc., Fort Collins, CO) that incorporates a unique mixture of selected polymers and solvents to achieve sustained drug delivery after subcutaneous injection. The FDA has approved 1-month and 3-month formulations of Eligard, and 4-month and 6-month products are in development. In clinical trials, Eligard achieves reliable and sustained suppression of serum @entity251 to castration levels (< or =50 ng/dL). Of the @entity1 treated with the 1-month and 3-month formulations, 98% (115 of 117) and 94% (104 of 111), respectively, reached @entity251 levels of < or =20 ng/dL. Breakthroughs, defined as @entity251 levels >50 ng/dL after achievement of castration levels, occurred rarely at 0% (0 of 117) for the 1-month and at 0.9% (1 of 111) for the 3-month formulations in @entity1 receiving Eligard. The degree of disease control and the adverse-events profile are commensurate with the effectiveness of the @entity251 suppression; the incidence of severe hot flashes is actually lower than anticipated. Additional studies with these novel formulations are warranted.

title: Eligard: XXXX in a novel sustained-release delivery system.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone', 'LHRH']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['triptorelin pamoate']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity10925 :: ('MESH:D017273', 'Chemical') :: ['goserelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

answer: @entity3086 :: (MESH:D016729,Chemical) :: ['leuprolide acetate']


abstract: The clinical impact of neutralizing antibodies directed against the therapeutic enzyme was investigated in @entity1 with @entity1120 . Two @entity1 with @entity1120 were followed for their clinical progression during antibody development and clinical changes during tolerization. @entity1 1 developed neutralizing antibodies to @entity15675 (GCase) at the 10th month of enzyme therapy. Tolerization was achieved within a 42-month period with a short course of @entity786 and then higher dose enzyme (60 IU/kg/week) alone. @entity1 1 continues to improve up to 100 months of enzyme therapy despite the presence of low level in vitro neutralizing antibodies. Patient 2 developed neutralizing antibodies to GCase at the 29th month of enzyme therapy that correlated with clinical deterioration. Clinical stabilization has been observed with increased enzyme therapy (60 IU/kg/week) even in the presence of the neutralizing antibodies. Patient 2 is the first to develop neutralizing antibodies after 12 months of enzyme therapy. Plasma chitotriosidase activities were not well correlated with the clinical course in either @entity1 . The presence of neutralizing antibodies should be suspected in @entity1120 @entity1 on enzyme therapy who experience diminished response or deterioration. The persistence of minimal amounts of in vitro neutralizing antibodies does not interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness. Chitotriosidase is not a sensitive marker for the severity of @entity66 progression.

title: Enzyme therapy of XXXX : clinical and biochemical changes during production of and tolerization for neutralizing antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease or disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease', 'Gaucher disease type 1']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['gaucher disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4144 , due to its effect on cardiac conductivity, is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte abnormality. Multiple therapeutic agents may be used alone or in combination for its prompt management. METHODS: We report on the safety and efficacy of continuous infusion of a solution containing fixed concentrations of @entity10041 , insulin, @entity413 and @entity13101 (HyperK-Cocktail) for the treatment of @entity4144 . This solution is prepared at our institution and is infused parenterally until the plasma @entity972 level stabilizes. Twenty-one consecutive @entity6564 @entity1 managed with HyperK-Cocktail on 23 occasions are reported. RESULTS: None of the subjects had intravenous extravasation injuries, @entity3489 , @entity3747 , @entity2741 or @entity5838 during HyperK-Cocktail infusion. Transient @entity4854 developed in nine subjects and @entity4053 in one subject. The decrease in serum @entity972 was similar in the initial hour when compared to prior studies using a beta-agonist and/or insulin and @entity413 ; a larger decrease was present from 2 to 8 h with the HyperK-Cocktail. The plasma @entity972 decreased by a mean of 1.0, 1.7, 2.1 and 2.1 mmol/ @entity72488 h, respectively. The mean serum @entity972 at hours 1-8 was significantly lower than the initial level. CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrated that HyperK-Cocktail is a safe and effective combination therapy for @entity1 with @entity4144 .

title: Continuous infusion of a standard combination solution in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia', 'Hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: Obesity continues to be an epidemic worldwide. There also continues to be a relationship between @entity28 and @entity101 both causal and consequentially. The study aims at determining the prevalence and pattern of overweight and @entity28 among our @entity1 being managed for essential @entity101 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a cross sectional study. Consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with essential @entity101 were recruited from two university teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria. Demographic data such as age, gender, weight and height were obtained from @entity1 at recruitment. @entity1 with @entity712 , secondary @entity101 , @entity740 , and other @entity102 were excluded. Pregnant @entity1 were also excluded. Obesity was defined according to WHO classification. Statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.0. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and two (1102) consecutive @entity101 @entity1 were recruited. Two hundred and eighty six (286) were dropped due to evidence of overt @entity454 and others (188). There were (420) males (51.5%) and 396 females (48.5%), mean age 54.97 (  13.14) years. (Range 10-91). 7.6% (62) were underweight (36 males, 26 Females): 260 (31.9%) were overweight, consisting of 148 males and 112 females: 135 (16.5%) had mild @entity28 consisting of 48 males and 87 females: 43(5.3%) had moderate @entity28 with 15 males and 28 females while 30(3.7%) had severe @entity28 (consisting of 22 females). CONCLUSION: About two thirds of the @entity101 @entity1 seen in two teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria in this study were either overweight or @entity28 . Therefore lifestyle modification geared toward weight reduction should be emphasized in these @entity1 .

title: Burden of @entity28 in essential XXXX : pattern and prevalence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure (98) and chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Obesity continues to be an epidemic worldwide. There also continues to be a relationship between @entity28 and @entity101 both causal and consequentially. The study aims at determining the prevalence and pattern of overweight and @entity28 among our @entity1 being managed for essential @entity101 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a cross sectional study. Consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with essential @entity101 were recruited from two university teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria. Demographic data such as age, gender, weight and height were obtained from @entity1 at recruitment. @entity1 with @entity712 , secondary @entity101 , @entity740 , and other @entity102 were excluded. Pregnant @entity1 were also excluded. Obesity was defined according to WHO classification. Statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.0. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and two (1102) consecutive @entity101 @entity1 were recruited. Two hundred and eighty six (286) were dropped due to evidence of overt @entity454 and others (188). There were (420) males (51.5%) and 396 females (48.5%), mean age 54.97 (  13.14) years. (Range 10-91). 7.6% (62) were underweight (36 males, 26 Females): 260 (31.9%) were overweight, consisting of 148 males and 112 females: 135 (16.5%) had mild @entity28 consisting of 48 males and 87 females: 43(5.3%) had moderate @entity28 with 15 males and 28 females while 30(3.7%) had severe @entity28 (consisting of 22 females). CONCLUSION: About two thirds of the @entity101 @entity1 seen in two teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria in this study were either overweight or @entity28 . Therefore lifestyle modification geared toward weight reduction should be emphasized in these @entity1 .

title: Burden of XXXX in essential @entity101 : pattern and prevalence.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: A consecutive series of 27 @entity1 with @entity356 (24 @entity189 , 3 @entity706 ) have been staged at laparotomy using the Japanese criteria for macroscopic staging. In 20 @entity1 the radical R2/3 resection was considered potentially curative as defined by the Japanese Society for Research in @entity356 . The operative mortality in this subgroup was 1/20 (5 per cent) and 3/27 (11 per cent) in the entire series. Locoregional recurrence was not observed in the potentially curative group. Follow-up has varied from 6 months to 7 years. An overall survival of 12/27 (48 per cent) has been observed to date. Death from @entity5 dissemination is maximal in the first and second year after resection. The R2/3 resection was considered non-curative in seven @entity1 . In this subgroup there were two postoperative deaths and four have died of @entity3 within 12 months of the resection. The only 5 year survivor in this group had a @entity6595 .

title: R2/3 gastrectomy for XXXX : an audited experience of a consecutive series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric neoplasm', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1465 is a pregnancy marker secreted by the placenta, and it utilizes the same receptors as does LH. @entity1 @entity1465 is a heterodimer, and its subunits are expressed in tissues other than placenta. Similarly, LH/ @entity1465 receptors are also expressed in multiple tissues; however, the physiological significance of this expression is unknown. Free @entity7807 is efficiently secreted in vitro in transfected cells and is highly expressed in many @entity1 @entity5 ; however, the biological effects of free @entity7807 in vivo are unknown. To study in vivo consequences of elevated levels of free @entity7807 and @entity1465 dimer in both male and female reproductive physiology, we used @entity19 metallothionein 1 promoter to generate multiple lines of @entity19 that overexpressed either one or both subunits of @entity1465 . Although @entity19 expressing the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit are normal and fertile, both male and female @entity19 overexpressing only the hormone-specific @entity7807 subunit are infertile. The @entity7807 subunit-expressing transgenic female @entity19 progressively develop @entity43 , whereas the male @entity19 are infertile but otherwise are not phenotypically discernible. In contrast, both the male and female @entity19 coexpressing high levels of the @entity1465 subunits (i.e., the @entity1465 dimer) demonstrate multiple reproductive defects. The male @entity19 have @entity1373 , very high levels of serum @entity251 , reduced testis size, and dramatically enlarged seminal vesicles and are infertile and display overly aggressive behavior when caged with females. The female @entity19 are also infertile, have elevated levels of serum @entity53 , and progressively develop @entity548 and @entity43 with thecal layer enlargement and stromal cell proliferation and degenerating kidneys. These results suggest that the in vivo biological effects of ectopically expressed free @entity7807 subunit are distinct from those of the @entity1465 dimer and are gender specific. These @entity19 are useful models for studying the biology of free @entity7807 subunit, for further analyzing the gain of function effects of @entity1465 during early Leydig cell development, and for studying the roles of @entity1465 in ovarian and kidney pathophysiology and function.

title: Overexpression of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin causes multiple reproductive defects in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['cystic ovaries']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1465 is a pregnancy marker secreted by the placenta, and it utilizes the same receptors as does LH. @entity1 @entity1465 is a heterodimer, and its subunits are expressed in tissues other than placenta. Similarly, LH/ @entity1465 receptors are also expressed in multiple tissues; however, the physiological significance of this expression is unknown. Free @entity7807 is efficiently secreted in vitro in transfected cells and is highly expressed in many @entity1 @entity5 ; however, the biological effects of free @entity7807 in vivo are unknown. To study in vivo consequences of elevated levels of free @entity7807 and @entity1465 dimer in both male and female reproductive physiology, we used @entity19 metallothionein 1 promoter to generate multiple lines of @entity19 that overexpressed either one or both subunits of @entity1465 . Although @entity19 expressing the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit are normal and fertile, both male and female @entity19 overexpressing only the hormone-specific @entity7807 subunit are infertile. The @entity7807 subunit-expressing transgenic female @entity19 progressively develop @entity43 , whereas the male @entity19 are infertile but otherwise are not phenotypically discernible. In contrast, both the male and female @entity19 coexpressing high levels of the @entity1465 subunits (i.e., the @entity1465 dimer) demonstrate multiple reproductive defects. The male @entity19 have @entity1373 , very high levels of serum @entity251 , reduced testis size, and dramatically enlarged seminal vesicles and are infertile and display overly aggressive behavior when caged with females. The female @entity19 are also infertile, have elevated levels of serum @entity53 , and progressively develop @entity548 and @entity43 with thecal layer enlargement and stromal cell proliferation and degenerating kidneys. These results suggest that the in vivo biological effects of ectopically expressed free @entity7807 subunit are distinct from those of the @entity1465 dimer and are gender specific. These @entity19 are useful models for studying the biology of free @entity7807 subunit, for further analyzing the gain of function effects of @entity1465 during early Leydig cell development, and for studying the roles of @entity1465 in ovarian and kidney pathophysiology and function.

title: Overexpression of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin causes multiple reproductive defects in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity35 renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells are physiologically exposed to a wide range of ambient tonicity. To maintain their function upon changes in osmolality, IMCD cells induce expression of osmoprotective and antiapoptotic genes, mainly mediated by the transcription factor @entity28630 ( @entity28630 ). Some drugs like @entity205 (CsA) are discussed to interfere with the activity of @entity28630 and thereby mediate their nephrotoxic effects. The aim of our study was to further understand CsA @entity137 during elevation of ambient osmolality. METHODS: First we examined @entity137 of CsA in IMCD exposed to elevated tonicity. Employing microarray analysis of gene expression, real-time PCR and immunoassays, we scrutinized pathways contributing to this effect. RESULTS: We show that in IMCD cells CsA but not @entity1140 increases apoptosis upon an increase in tonicity. This effect is independent of cellular @entity28630 localization or activity and reactive @entity26 species. Microarray studies revealed marked quantitative differences in gene expression. Functional analysis showed overrepresentation of genes associated with cell death in presence of CsA. This correlated with increased mRNA expression of genes associated with the death receptor pathway and detection of @entity1505 in culture medium of cells treated with CsA. CONCLUSION: Our results show that CsA @entity137 is induced under elevated ambient osmolality and that death receptor signaling probably contributes to @entity870 @entity137 .

title: @entity205 induced XXXX in @entity35 renal collecting duct cells: interference with enhanced hypertonicity induced apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity28630 :: ('307820(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TonEBP', 'Tonicity Enhancer Binding Protein']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin-A']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity35 renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells are physiologically exposed to a wide range of ambient tonicity. To maintain their function upon changes in osmolality, IMCD cells induce expression of osmoprotective and antiapoptotic genes, mainly mediated by the transcription factor @entity28630 ( @entity28630 ). Some drugs like @entity205 (CsA) are discussed to interfere with the activity of @entity28630 and thereby mediate their nephrotoxic effects. The aim of our study was to further understand CsA @entity137 during elevation of ambient osmolality. METHODS: First we examined @entity137 of CsA in IMCD exposed to elevated tonicity. Employing microarray analysis of gene expression, real-time PCR and immunoassays, we scrutinized pathways contributing to this effect. RESULTS: We show that in IMCD cells CsA but not @entity1140 increases apoptosis upon an increase in tonicity. This effect is independent of cellular @entity28630 localization or activity and reactive @entity26 species. Microarray studies revealed marked quantitative differences in gene expression. Functional analysis showed overrepresentation of genes associated with cell death in presence of CsA. This correlated with increased mRNA expression of genes associated with the death receptor pathway and detection of @entity1505 in culture medium of cells treated with CsA. CONCLUSION: Our results show that CsA @entity137 is induced under elevated ambient osmolality and that death receptor signaling probably contributes to @entity870 @entity137 .

title: XXXX induced @entity137 in @entity35 renal collecting duct cells: interference with enhanced hypertonicity induced apoptosis.

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin-A']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity35 renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells are physiologically exposed to a wide range of ambient tonicity. To maintain their function upon changes in osmolality, IMCD cells induce expression of osmoprotective and antiapoptotic genes, mainly mediated by the transcription factor @entity28630 ( @entity28630 ). Some drugs like @entity205 (CsA) are discussed to interfere with the activity of @entity28630 and thereby mediate their nephrotoxic effects. The aim of our study was to further understand CsA @entity137 during elevation of ambient osmolality. METHODS: First we examined @entity137 of CsA in IMCD exposed to elevated tonicity. Employing microarray analysis of gene expression, real-time PCR and immunoassays, we scrutinized pathways contributing to this effect. RESULTS: We show that in IMCD cells CsA but not @entity1140 increases apoptosis upon an increase in tonicity. This effect is independent of cellular @entity28630 localization or activity and reactive @entity26 species. Microarray studies revealed marked quantitative differences in gene expression. Functional analysis showed overrepresentation of genes associated with cell death in presence of CsA. This correlated with increased mRNA expression of genes associated with the death receptor pathway and detection of @entity1505 in culture medium of cells treated with CsA. CONCLUSION: Our results show that CsA @entity137 is induced under elevated ambient osmolality and that death receptor signaling probably contributes to @entity870 @entity137 .

title: @entity205 induced @entity137 in XXXX renal collecting duct cells: interference with enhanced hypertonicity induced apoptosis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity85 resulting from @entity4261 is not uncommon. @entity893 may lead to intractable @entity158 , mechanical overload of the neighboring joints, limitation of motion and function, and dysmorphic appearance. Although @entity4263 has been used to treat @entity85 , the outcome of @entity4263 for @entity79 resulting from @entity4261 remains largely unknown. METHODS: The results after twenty-five corrective osteotomies (twenty-two @entity1 ), performed between 1975 and 1995, in sixteen tibiae, eight femora, and one radius were evaluated. There were thirteen @entity1 and nine @entity1 with a mean age of sixty-seven years. The indication for osteotomy was @entity158 in twenty limbs, recurrent @entity1642 in three, and limitation of function in two. A variety of osteotomies and fixation methods were used. Two @entity1 underwent simultaneous total hip arthroplasty and proximal femoral osteotomy. RESULTS: Twenty-three of twenty-five osteotomies healed with an average time to union of six months. Both nonunions were in @entity1 who had been managed with intramedullary fixation. The time to union was significantly shorter in metaphyseal osteotomies fixed with plates than in diaphyseal osteotomies (p < 0.04). There was a substantial improvement in the deformities. Satisfaction was rated excellent or good by fourteen @entity1 , fair by six, and poor by two. Complications included a pin-track infection in two @entity1 , @entity3030 in one, and loss of fixation following external fixation in one. Disease activity, as measured by serum alkaline phosphatase level, and medical treatment with @entity175 and/or @entity171 did not have a significant impact on time to union. CONCLUSIONS: Corrective osteotomy for the treatment of severe @entity85 can be challenging and yet rewarding. A higher prevalence of complications was observed following intramedullary nailing and external fixation. @entity174 seems to be particularly protracted in diaphyseal osteotomies.

title: Corrective osteotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture-healing']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ['Paget disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['long-bone deformities']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['corrective osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Severe deformity', 'deformity in Paget disease', 'osseous deformities']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['Malalignment of the extremity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['deformity in Paget disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As brain temperature is reported to be extensively higher than core body temperature in @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 , posttraumatic @entity221 is of particular relevance in the injured brain. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of prophylactic normothermia on brain temperature and the temperature gradient between brain and core body in @entity1 with severe @entity131 using an intravascular cooling system and to assess the relationship between brain temperature and @entity428 ( @entity428 ) under endovascular temperature control. METHODS: Prospective case series study conducted in the neurologic intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. Seven @entity1 with severe @entity131 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 8 or less were consecutively enrolled. Prophylactic normothermia, defined as a target temperature of 36.5  C, was maintained using an intravascular cooling system. Simultaneous measurements of brain and urinary bladder temperature and @entity428 were taken over a 72-hour period. RESULTS: The mean bladder temperature in normothermic @entity1 was 36.3    0.4  C, and the mean brain temperature was determined as 36.4    0.5  C. The mean temperature difference between brain and bladder was 0.1  C. We found a significant direct correlation between brain and bladder temperature (r = 0.95). In 52.4% of all measurements, brain temperature was higher than core body temperature. The mean @entity428 was 18    8 mm Hg. CONCLUSION: Intravascular temperature management stabilizes both brain and body core temperature; prophylactic normothermia reduces the otherwise extreme increase of intracerebral temperature in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . The intravascular cooling management proved to be an efficacious and feasible method to control brain temperature and to avoid @entity221 in the injured brain. We could not find a statistically significant correlation between brain temperature and @entity428 .

title: Keep the brain cool--endovascular cooling in @entity1 with severe XXXX : a case series study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As brain temperature is reported to be extensively higher than core body temperature in @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 , posttraumatic @entity221 is of particular relevance in the injured brain. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of prophylactic normothermia on brain temperature and the temperature gradient between brain and core body in @entity1 with severe @entity131 using an intravascular cooling system and to assess the relationship between brain temperature and @entity428 ( @entity428 ) under endovascular temperature control. METHODS: Prospective case series study conducted in the neurologic intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. Seven @entity1 with severe @entity131 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 8 or less were consecutively enrolled. Prophylactic normothermia, defined as a target temperature of 36.5  C, was maintained using an intravascular cooling system. Simultaneous measurements of brain and urinary bladder temperature and @entity428 were taken over a 72-hour period. RESULTS: The mean bladder temperature in normothermic @entity1 was 36.3    0.4  C, and the mean brain temperature was determined as 36.4    0.5  C. The mean temperature difference between brain and bladder was 0.1  C. We found a significant direct correlation between brain and bladder temperature (r = 0.95). In 52.4% of all measurements, brain temperature was higher than core body temperature. The mean @entity428 was 18    8 mm Hg. CONCLUSION: Intravascular temperature management stabilizes both brain and body core temperature; prophylactic normothermia reduces the otherwise extreme increase of intracerebral temperature in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . The intravascular cooling management proved to be an efficacious and feasible method to control brain temperature and to avoid @entity221 in the injured brain. We could not find a statistically significant correlation between brain temperature and @entity428 .

title: Keep the brain cool--endovascular cooling in XXXX with severe @entity131 : a case series study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity22180 (EF), a growth factor modulator, is the @entity19 homologue of @entity1 secretory group II phospholipase A(2). EF exhibits growth-promoting activity in vitro, in the presence of @entity6354 , and also brings about phenotypic transformation of normal cells. In order to ascertain the role of EF in vivo, a @entity1 @entity6881 promoter was used to drive the expression of EF ectopically to squamous epithelial cells. The founder @entity19 and its progeny showed abnormal whiskers and a scaly, beaded tail. In these @entity19 , keratinization pattern of the epidermis was disturbed and @entity8286 and @entity3594 were noted. The @entity19 , TgK14-EF, expressed EF in the suprabasal layers of tail epidermis as well as in the epithelial cells of hair follicle and sebaceous glands of skin. Expression of EF along with @entity1373 was also observed in other @entity14705 and oesophagus. TgK14-EF @entity19 homozygous for the transgene showed delayed and scanty hair growth although the @entity19 were healthy and fertile. The hemizygous TgK14-EF @entity19 were sensitive to a two-stage chemical @entity105 and developed a higher number of @entity1185 than their normal littermates over the course of the experiment. The conversion rate of @entity1185 to @entity189 was two fold higher in the @entity19 .

title: Expression of @entity22180 /phospholipase A2 in skin results in abnormal epidermis and increased sensitivity to chemical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['squamous epithelia such as buccal mucosa, tongue']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: @entity22180 (EF), a growth factor modulator, is the @entity19 homologue of @entity1 secretory group II phospholipase A(2). EF exhibits growth-promoting activity in vitro, in the presence of @entity6354 , and also brings about phenotypic transformation of normal cells. In order to ascertain the role of EF in vivo, a @entity1 @entity6881 promoter was used to drive the expression of EF ectopically to squamous epithelial cells. The founder @entity19 and its progeny showed abnormal whiskers and a scaly, beaded tail. In these @entity19 , keratinization pattern of the epidermis was disturbed and @entity8286 and @entity3594 were noted. The @entity19 , TgK14-EF, expressed EF in the suprabasal layers of tail epidermis as well as in the epithelial cells of hair follicle and sebaceous glands of skin. Expression of EF along with @entity1373 was also observed in other @entity14705 and oesophagus. TgK14-EF @entity19 homozygous for the transgene showed delayed and scanty hair growth although the @entity19 were healthy and fertile. The hemizygous TgK14-EF @entity19 were sensitive to a two-stage chemical @entity105 and developed a higher number of @entity1185 than their normal littermates over the course of the experiment. The conversion rate of @entity1185 to @entity189 was two fold higher in the @entity19 .

title: Expression of XXXX /phospholipase A2 in skin results in abnormal epidermis and increased sensitivity to chemical @entity105 .

answer: @entity22180 :: (18780(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['enhancing factor']


abstract: AIM: Diffuse sclerosing variant of @entity3557 (DSV-PTC) is an uncommon variant of PTC, and its prognostic significance remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the major genetic alterations of DSV-PTC and their prognostic implications. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 37 @entity1 with DSV-PTC who underwent thyroid surgery and had @entity406 -fixed @entity982 -embedded samples. We tested for a panel of genetic alterations including BRAF(V) (600E) , @entity8497 codon 61, HRAS codon 12/13/61, and KRAS codon 12/13 point mutations as well as @entity8958 / @entity2750 , @entity8958 / @entity23275 , and @entity15529 /PPARy rearrangements using reverse transcription real-time PCR. All genetic alterations found on PCR were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Associations between the identified genetic alterations and clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated. Among 37 cases of DSV-PTC, 17 were positive for @entity8958 / @entity2750 (46%), 6 for @entity8958 / @entity23275 (16%), and 9 for BRAF(V) (600E) (24%). All mutations/rearrangements were mutually exclusive. The remaining 5 cases had none of the above genetic alterations. DSV-PTC with @entity8958 / @entity23275 rearrangement was associated with @entity5 , including T4 and distant @entity3 (P < 0.05). @entity1 with @entity8958 / @entity23275 showed a higher frequency of persistent disease (P < 0.01). In contrast, DSV-PTC with @entity8958 / @entity2750 was associated with a higher prevalence of disease remission (P < 0.05) and coexistent @entity2621 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Taken together, @entity8958 /PTC rearrangement was the major @entity74 seen in @entity1 with DSV-PTC and @entity8958 / @entity23275 rearrangement was associated with advanced stage at diagnosis and poor clinical outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Diffuse sclerosing variant of XXXX :Major genetic alterations and prognostic implications.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity7 ( @entity7 ) inhibitors most widely used to treat neovascular age-dependent @entity1020 (nAMD) are different proteins with structural features potentially relevant to adverse effects (AEs). Two of these are also established in @entity5 therapy (with higher dosages and AEs). The importance of ocular AE and extraocular activities is still a subject of controversy and ongoing research. Areas covered: Potential risks of intraocular @entity7 inhibition based on prospective studies, in vitro investigations, pharmacokinetics, and hints from anti- @entity5 treatment. Expert opinion: nAMD is a frequently observed chronic clinical condition severely affecting the visual function of elderly @entity1 . Intravitreal injection of @entity7 -inactivating proteins is highly effective to prevent @entity1018 . Anti- @entity7 therapy is well tolerated, and low rates of ocular and systemic AEs in smaller trials suggest a very high benefit/risk ratio. The proteins established in nAMD therapy show similar efficacies. In the controversy over the off-label use of bevacizumab purely on grounds of much lower cost, the small, but potentially relevant differences between the available drugs are easily either dramatized (by pharmaceutical companies) or trivialized (by health insurances) and even political interference is involved. Facing the lack of a convincing body of evidence regarding safety, further long-term study results seem necessary.

title: Safety of monoclonal antibodies and related therapeutic proteins for the treatment of XXXX : addressing outstanding issues.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['neovascular macular degeneration']


abstract: Dolichoectasia is an @entity455 that causes dilatation and/or tortuosity of the affected vessel. The prevalence of dolichoectasia increases with age, and this disease is also associated with other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Multiple pathophysiological processes might lead to the development of dolichoectatic vessels, and activation of metalloproteinases and irregular turbulent blood flow seem to cause irreversible disruption of the internal elastic lamina. Intracranial dolichoectasia commonly presents with @entity63 or @entity64 , and/or @entity129 . The posterior circulation is more frequently affected by the dolichoectatic process than the anterior circulation. A positive diagnosis of dolichoectasia requires visual assessment of vessel shape and, if the posterior circulation is affected, application of Smoker's criteria. Reproducible criteria that aid diagnosis of dolichoectasia in the anterior circulation are lacking. No specific treatment for dolichoectasia exists, and the surgical and medical therapies that have been used to treat this condition have not been systematically evaluated. More evidence is needed to better understand the underlying dilatatory artheriopathy that causes this disease, and to determine whether @entity1 with dolichoectasia might benefit from early diagnosis. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding dolichoectasia, and highlight gaps in our knowledge to aid future research.

title: Dolichoectasia-an evolving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['arterial disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the biochemical recurrence-free and @entity5 -specific survival after radical prostatectomy in a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data for 1,822 @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection at our institution between 1990 and 2009. After excluding 498 @entity1 who were treated with neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy or who were followed up for  <=6 months, we included 1324 @entity1 (mean age, 64.4 years; mean @entity1486 [PSA] level, 12.3 ng/ml). We assessed @entity1 age at the time of surgery, preoperative PSA concentration, biopsy and pathologic Gleason scores, pathologic stage, surgical margin status, disease progression, and survival. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 40 months (range, 6-193 months). The 5- and 10-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 73.2% and 66.2%, respectively, and the 10-year @entity5 -specific survival rate was 92.4%. The mean time from surgery to biochemical recurrence was 18 months. In the multivariate analysis, Gleason score (4+3 vs. 2-6, p=0.004; 8-10 vs. 2-6, p<0.001), pathologic stage (pT3a vs. pT2, p=0.001; pT3b-4 vs. pT2, p<0.001; @entity3121 vs. pT2, p<0.001), and resection margin status (p<0.001) were statistically significant predictors of biochemical recurrence, with only pathologic stage (pT3b-4 vs. pT2, p=0.006; @entity3121 vs. pT2, p=0.010) being a statistically significant predictor of @entity5 -specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy resulted in favorable @entity5 control in more than 70% of @entity1 after 5 years and a low (<10%) @entity5 -specific mortality rate after 10 years. The factors predictive of biochemical recurrence were Gleason score, pathologic stage, and resection margin status.

title: Biochemical recurrence-free and XXXX -specific survival after radical prostatectomy at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Particle stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) production by @entity1 polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) has been utilized to evaluate the pathogenicity of mineral and glass fibers with the understanding that reactive @entity26 metabolites (ROM) production as measured by CL is etiopathogenically related to fiber @entity137 . In the present study to investigate the specific pathogenic role of fiber number and dimensions, CL production from PMN exposed to @entity27950 asbestos mineral and glass fiber samples milled for different time periods was measured. Almost all the fibrous particles in the glass fiber sample were destroyed after milling for 30 minutes. With @entity27950 , the total number of fibrous particles remained almost constant for up to 240 minutes of milling, although the size of fibrous particles was reduced. CL produced by the same mass of glass fiber was elevated after milling for 15 minutes, but then declined when the milling time was further increased. Similarly, with @entity27950 , the production of CL was elevated at the first period of milling for 30 minutes, but then declined at the longer milling times. The level of CL produced was not correlated to the total number of fibrous particles, for both the glass fiber and the @entity27950 samples. Likewise for the glass fiber and @entity27950 samples, no specific range of fiber dimension was correlated to the peak hight CL production. These findings indicate that neither the total number, nor the specific range of fiber dimension solely determines CL production. As a consequence, it may be concluded that other physiochemical factors, such as the surface reactive characteristics of milled fibers, may be more closely related to CL production by PMN.

title: Reactive XXXX metabolite production induced by asbestos and glass fibers: effect of fiber milling.

entities_list: @entity27950 :: ('MESH:C025965', 'Chemical') :: ['anthophyllite']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress-induced @entity661 ( @entity661 ) is an @entity299 , mimics @entity583 ( @entity583 ), largely confined to postmenopausal @entity1 , frequently precipitated by a stressful event. The pathogenesis of @entity661 is still unknown. Some authors hypothesized a possible connection between @entity661 and @entity148 , but no previous study analyzed the relationship between @entity148 trait and @entity661 . This study sought to assess the potential role of @entity148 trait in the development and clinical course of @entity661 . METHODS: We included in the present prospective case-control study 50 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our Hospital with a diagnosis of @entity661 according to the Mayo Clinic criteria. Fifty control @entity1 with anterior @entity583 matched for clinical characteristics such as age, gender, and @entity101 were selected. During the hospitalization, all @entity1 were asked to complete the Spielberger Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI) scale for measuring self-reported trait @entity148 (Trait-A). Outcome measures at follow-up were @entity204 , @entity661 recurrence, and rehospitalization. RESULTS: The mean value of STAI scale was 46    12 in @entity661 @entity1 and 45    14 in @entity583 @entity1 (p = 0.815). High- @entity148 trait (STAI scale value >=  40) was documented in 30 (60%) @entity661 @entity1 and in 26 (52%) @entity583 @entity1 (p = 0.387). At multivariate analysis, predictors of @entity661 were lower peak @entity908 kinase value (HR 0.999; 95% CI 0.998-0.999; p = 0.018) and an antecedent stressful trigger event (HR 45.487; 95% CI 6.471-319.759; p = 0.001), but @entity148 trait was not. There were no differences in outcome measures between @entity661 @entity1 with or without high- @entity148 trait. CONCLUSION: In @entity661 @entity1 , high- @entity148 trait is a common finding but it is not significantly more frequent than in @entity1 with @entity583 . Moreover, a high- @entity148 trait seems to be neither associated with a worse clinical outcome nor a predictor of @entity661 . Our study do not support the routine evaluation of @entity148 trait in @entity1 with @entity661 .

title: XXXX trait in @entity1 with stress-induced cardiomyopathy: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disease']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['TTC', 'Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress-induced @entity661 ( @entity661 ) is an @entity299 , mimics @entity583 ( @entity583 ), largely confined to postmenopausal @entity1 , frequently precipitated by a stressful event. The pathogenesis of @entity661 is still unknown. Some authors hypothesized a possible connection between @entity661 and @entity148 , but no previous study analyzed the relationship between @entity148 trait and @entity661 . This study sought to assess the potential role of @entity148 trait in the development and clinical course of @entity661 . METHODS: We included in the present prospective case-control study 50 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our Hospital with a diagnosis of @entity661 according to the Mayo Clinic criteria. Fifty control @entity1 with anterior @entity583 matched for clinical characteristics such as age, gender, and @entity101 were selected. During the hospitalization, all @entity1 were asked to complete the Spielberger Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI) scale for measuring self-reported trait @entity148 (Trait-A). Outcome measures at follow-up were @entity204 , @entity661 recurrence, and rehospitalization. RESULTS: The mean value of STAI scale was 46    12 in @entity661 @entity1 and 45    14 in @entity583 @entity1 (p = 0.815). High- @entity148 trait (STAI scale value >=  40) was documented in 30 (60%) @entity661 @entity1 and in 26 (52%) @entity583 @entity1 (p = 0.387). At multivariate analysis, predictors of @entity661 were lower peak @entity908 kinase value (HR 0.999; 95% CI 0.998-0.999; p = 0.018) and an antecedent stressful trigger event (HR 45.487; 95% CI 6.471-319.759; p = 0.001), but @entity148 trait was not. There were no differences in outcome measures between @entity661 @entity1 with or without high- @entity148 trait. CONCLUSION: In @entity661 @entity1 , high- @entity148 trait is a common finding but it is not significantly more frequent than in @entity1 with @entity583 . Moreover, a high- @entity148 trait seems to be neither associated with a worse clinical outcome nor a predictor of @entity661 . Our study do not support the routine evaluation of @entity148 trait in @entity1 with @entity661 .

title: @entity148 trait in XXXX with stress-induced cardiomyopathy: a case-control study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the early results of @entity1028 resection in relation to cardiac and other operative risk factors, assess the magnitude of the procedure, and evaluate longer-term postoperative rehabilitation; 176 @entity1 (mean age 67,1 years) were assessed, of whom 160 (90,9%) had operations. Using the multifactorial index of cardiac risk in non-cardiac surgical procedures (Goldman) the majority fell into the low-risk category (groups I and II). Other risk factors evaluated were @entity1576 , @entity177 , @entity101 and @entity6 . The majority of these @entity1 had @entity1011 clearance rates of less than 50% of the theoretical normal rate for age. Of 7 postoperative deaths (operative mortality rate 4,4%) 4 followed @entity583 , and all the latter @entity1 fell into cardiac risk grade III. The other risk factors did not significantly influence the mortality or complication rates. The highest complication rate occurred in @entity1 who underwent aortic bifurcation graft placement and the lowest in @entity1 who underwent simple infrarenal tube grafting. Of 153 survivors, 10 have been lost to follow-up and 141 have returned to full activity. In conclusion, the cardiac risk index used is a valuable predictor of operative risk. If the @entity1 survives surgery, excellent longer-term rehabilitation can be expected.

title: XXXX resection--operative risk and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: The literature on @entity5 support groups supports the provision of ongoing education and training for @entity5 support group leaders, with evidence suggesting that more skilled and experienced leaders create better outcomes for group members. To address support and training needs reported by leaders, three novel interventions were developed and pilot-tested. These included a leaders' website and discussion forum, @entity1741 and manual, and a 2-day training workshop. METHODS: The interventions were developed using a combination of literature review, expert consensus, and consumer feedback. A convenience sample of ten leaders pilot-tested the Website and discussion forum. Using a mixed-method approach, evaluation of the workshop and the @entity1741 and manual was conducted with 35 leaders. RESULTS: Overall, satisfaction with all aspects of the Website and discussion forum was high. Analysis of the quantitative data revealed extremely high satisfaction with the workshop and @entity1741 and manual. The qualitative responses of workshop @entity1 further supported the quantitative findings with enhanced knowledge, understanding, and confidence reported by leaders. CONCLUSIONS: All three interventions exhibited a high degree of user acceptance, regardless of the skill or experience of the @entity5 support group leader. The overall positive findings from the evaluation of the leader Website and discussion forum, the @entity1741 and manual, and the workshop for @entity5 support group leaders provides evidence to support more rigorous evaluation of these resources in a randomized controlled trial.

title: The development of novel interventions to assist the leaders of XXXX support groups.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) has a role in respiratory function and dysfunction. Although @entity750 affects respiratory drive to both phrenic and cranial motoneurons, relatively little is known about the role of @entity750 receptor subtypes in the control of upper airway muscle (UAM) respiratory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, we performed central injections of @entity10463 agonist ( @entity10097 ) or antagonist ( @entity10098 ) in anesthetized @entity35 and analyzed changes in the electromyographic activity of several UAM and other cardiorespiratory parameters. We also compared the pattern of @entity5019 expression induced after central injection of a control solution or @entity10097 . RESULTS: Results showed that @entity10097 induced a robust increase in UAM activity, associated with either @entity7405 under @entity590 or bradypnea under liquid anesthesia. Injection of @entity10098 switched off UAM respiratory activity and led to bradypnea, suggesting a tonic excitatory role of endogenous @entity10463 receptor activation. Co-injection of the agonist and the antagonist blocked the effects produced by each drug alone. Besides drug-induced changes in respiratory frequency, only slight increases in surface of diaphragm bursts were observed. Significant increases in @entity5019 expression after @entity10463 receptor activation were seen in the nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus raphe pallidus, @entity30 , retrotrapezoid nucleus, lateral parabrachial, and K  lliker-Fuse nuclei. This restricted pattern of @entity5019 expression likely identified the neural substrate responsible for the enhancement of UAM respiratory activity observed after @entity10097 injection. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an important role for the @entity10463 receptors in the neural control of upper airway patency and may be relevant to counteract pharyngeal atonia during @entity27 .

title: Differential respiratory control of the upper airway and diaphragm muscles induced by XXXX receptor ligands.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apneas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['parapyramidal region']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['volatile anesthesia']

answer: @entity10463 :: (24473(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['5-HT1A']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish age-stratified normal values for prostate volume, serum total @entity1486 concentration, maximum urinary flow rate (Q (max)), micturition and postvoid residual urine volumes, IPSS, and quality of life. These community-derived values of healthy older @entity1 are necessary to correctly judge @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms due to @entity1067 (LUTS/BPH). METHODS: Analysis of LUTS/BPH-related determinants in community-dwelling @entity1 in the city of Herne, Germany after exclusion of subgroups with co-morbidities or co-medications with possible influence on the key items. RESULTS: The analysis is based on 1,763 @entity1 . In these @entity1 aged 50-80 years, mean total prostate volume continuously increased from 24 to 38 cc and mean @entity1486 concentration from 1.1 to 2.5 ng/ml. @entity1486 concentration in @entity1 with a prostate volume <25 cc also showed a continuous increase with aging, starting at 0.8 in the youngest and ending at 1.9 ng/ml in the oldest age group. Mean Q (max) of free uroflowmetry (from 22.1 to 13.7 ml/s) and mean micturition volume (from 329 to 193 cc) showed a continuous decrease that was dependent on prostate size. Mean postvoid residual urine was nearly unchanged over the age groups at approximately 20-30 cc. Although IPSS increased continuously with aging (from 4 to 7), QoL remained unchanged at 2 over the age groups. Prostate size had a minor impact on IPSS. CONCLUSIONS: Normal values for investigated LUTS/BPH-related determinants and the influence of aging hereon should serve as references during the assessment of Caucasian @entity1 in Europe.

title: Age-stratified normal values for prostate volume, XXXX , maximum urinary flow rate, IPSS, and other LUTS/BPH indicators in the German male community-dwelling population aged 50 years or older.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['PSA']


abstract: We aimed to present our experience regarding @entity281 caused by Serratia spp. in a region with relatively high antimicrobial resistance rates. We retrospectively reviewed the databases of the microbiological laboratory of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete (2/2004-12/2009). A total of 77 @entity1 [67.5% @entity1 , mean age    standard deviation (SD)   = 56.9    24.5 years) were identified; 37.7% were outpatients. Sixty-five (84.4%) of the 77 included @entity1 had a @entity5134 isolate; the remaining 12 @entity1 had a non-marcescens Serratia spp. The most frequently observed @entity281 were @entity1729 (32.5%) and @entity1036 / @entity3225 (20.8%). Seventy-three (94.9%) @entity1 were cured. Four deaths were observed; three of them were considered as attributed to the @entity34565 . No difference was found regarding the characteristics and outcomes between @entity1 with @entity5134 and non-marcescens @entity281 . In addition, antipseudomonal penicillins and their combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors, as well as carbapenemes, and @entity2887 exhibited high antimicrobial activity against both the tested @entity5134 and non-marcescens isolates. Our study adds useful information regarding the characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity34565 , as well as the susceptibilities of the respective @entity5134 and non-marcescens isolates, in a region with relatively high levels of antimicrobial resistance.

title: XXXX in a general hospital: characteristics and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity34565 :: ('MESH:D016868', 'Disease') :: ['Serratia infection']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity34565 :: (MESH:D016868,Disease) :: ['Serratia infections']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: @entity1779 is a medical emergency. It is the most deadly and disabling form of @entity64 , and no individual therapy has been demonstrated to improve outcome. However, it appears that aggressive medical care in general, and management by neuroscience specialists in particular, offers substantial benefit. Therefore, providing the best supportive care based on currently available evidence may well improve outcomes. Airway management and management of blood pressure aimed at maximizing cerebral perfusion while minimizing ongoing @entity548 , as well as rapid reversal of anticoagulation, are likely to be important in the early phase. Additionally, efforts should be undertaken to provide careful @entity413 management and temperature management and to maximize cerebral perfusion pressure. Selected @entity1 are likely to benefit from external ventricular drainage or even @entity1410 evacuation. Except in rare circumstances, most @entity1 should be managed in a neuroscience intensive care unit during the acute phase. Some @entity1 appear to have no reasonable likelihood of recovery and can be considered for limitations of care such as Do Not Resuscitate orders or Comfort Measures Only orders. However, it can be difficult to accurately predict long-term outcome in the acute phase; formal prognostic tools should be used to offer information to @entity1 and their families. After the @entity548 has stabilized, efforts to minimize complications include @entity1031 prophylaxis, physical therapy, and acute rehabilitation.

title: Critical care management of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) exposure altered the activity of the macrophage and natural killer (NK) cell defense mechanisms against the B16F10 @entity320 in B6C3F1 adult female @entity19 as assessed by several immunologic assays. Following 14 daily exposures (i.p.) to 1.5, 3.0, or 5.0 mg @entity1233 /kg, @entity19 were injected (i.v.) with B16F10 @entity320 . The incidence and number of lung nodules, determined 18 days after challenge, were decreased in the @entity1233 -exposed animals. The initial observation indicated the @entity19 exposed to 3 mg/kg @entity1233 were afforded the greatest protection. However, when @entity19 exposed to the highest dose of @entity1233 were divided into subgroups of @entity19 with or without @entity843 , there was a degree protection seen in the 5-mg/kg-treated @entity19 without @entity843 that was comparable to that of the 3-mg/kg group. The development of @entity843 is an overt toxic effect reflecting @entity409 and was frequently associated with exposure to 5 mg/kg @entity1233 . Exposure to @entity1233 produced only slight changes in the activity of splenic NK cells as determined by the @entity137 of 51Cr-labelled YAC-1 cells. The activity was significantly increased only in @entity19 exposed to 3 mg/kg @entity1233 and only at effector:target (E:T) ratios of 30:1 and 10:1. Interestingly, the activity of the NK cells was significantly decreased at all E:T ratios in @entity19 exposed to 5 mg/kg that developed @entity843 . The number of peritoneal exudate cells was decreased, albeit nonsignificantly, in a dose-related fashion. The phagocytic activity, as measured by the uptake of fluorescent latex beads, was increased in a dose-related fashion with significance noted at the highest dose of @entity1233 . The role of the macrophage in the increased resistance to the @entity5 challenge was assessed with bone marrow derived macrophages. The cytostatic activity versus @entity19 @entity5 cells, as measured by the uptake of @entity665 , was markedly increased in the bone marrow derived macrophages from @entity1233 (5mg/kg) @entity19 when compared to vehicle controls. These results suggest that exposure to @entity1233 alters bone marrow, particularly the differentiation of effector tumoricidal cells, which renders the host more resistant to metastatic @entity5 formation.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity5 susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the liver']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1232 :: (MESH:D004128,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosodimethylamine']


abstract: @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) exposure altered the activity of the macrophage and natural killer (NK) cell defense mechanisms against the B16F10 @entity320 in B6C3F1 adult female @entity19 as assessed by several immunologic assays. Following 14 daily exposures (i.p.) to 1.5, 3.0, or 5.0 mg @entity1233 /kg, @entity19 were injected (i.v.) with B16F10 @entity320 . The incidence and number of lung nodules, determined 18 days after challenge, were decreased in the @entity1233 -exposed animals. The initial observation indicated the @entity19 exposed to 3 mg/kg @entity1233 were afforded the greatest protection. However, when @entity19 exposed to the highest dose of @entity1233 were divided into subgroups of @entity19 with or without @entity843 , there was a degree protection seen in the 5-mg/kg-treated @entity19 without @entity843 that was comparable to that of the 3-mg/kg group. The development of @entity843 is an overt toxic effect reflecting @entity409 and was frequently associated with exposure to 5 mg/kg @entity1233 . Exposure to @entity1233 produced only slight changes in the activity of splenic NK cells as determined by the @entity137 of 51Cr-labelled YAC-1 cells. The activity was significantly increased only in @entity19 exposed to 3 mg/kg @entity1233 and only at effector:target (E:T) ratios of 30:1 and 10:1. Interestingly, the activity of the NK cells was significantly decreased at all E:T ratios in @entity19 exposed to 5 mg/kg that developed @entity843 . The number of peritoneal exudate cells was decreased, albeit nonsignificantly, in a dose-related fashion. The phagocytic activity, as measured by the uptake of fluorescent latex beads, was increased in a dose-related fashion with significance noted at the highest dose of @entity1233 . The role of the macrophage in the increased resistance to the @entity5 challenge was assessed with bone marrow derived macrophages. The cytostatic activity versus @entity19 @entity5 cells, as measured by the uptake of @entity665 , was markedly increased in the bone marrow derived macrophages from @entity1233 (5mg/kg) @entity19 when compared to vehicle controls. These results suggest that exposure to @entity1233 alters bone marrow, particularly the differentiation of effector tumoricidal cells, which renders the host more resistant to metastatic @entity5 formation.

title: Effects of @entity1232 on XXXX susceptibility.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity17132 , a new saliuretic, has been shown to combine high ceiling and long-acting effects in animal experiments. This study was designed to examine whether this desirable combination of effects, which up until the present time has not been incorporated into any substance also occurs during @entity1 treatment. Fifty-three @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 (WHO groups I and II) in three medical centers were treated with either @entity17132 or @entity7486 , which served as the reference preparation, in a randomised, double-blind study. After a two week run-in phase during which the @entity1 received placebo, half of the @entity1 received 20 mg @entity17132 and the other half 2.5 mg @entity7486 once daily. Eight weeks of therapy were followed by a 2 week follow-up phase, during which placebo was dispensed. During the trial period a weekly clinical examination was performed including the measurement of blood pressure, pulse, hematocrit, electrolytes, @entity414 , @entity413 , @entity1011 and lipid status. An electrocardiogram and Schellongtest were conducted every two weeks. @entity1 were instructed to keep a diary in which they were to note drug related complaints. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Pratt-Wilcoxon Pair Test. Differences were judged significant at the 5% level. Both @entity17132 and @entity7486 were tolerated well with minimal side effects, which however, did not make it necessary to discontinue treatment. Both preparations induced mild blood pressure reductions of approximately 10 and 5 mmHg for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Two weeks after cessation of @entity17132 treatment neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure showed any significant difference to values achieved during the treatment phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical evaluation of XXXX and @entity7486 during treatment for essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity17132 :: ('MESH:D009156', 'Chemical') :: ['muzolimine', 'Muzolimine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity17132 :: (MESH:D009156,Chemical) :: ['muzolimine']