abstract: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been widely established in the treatment of @entity27 ( @entity27 ). However, only few studies have evaluated long-term effects of this treatment on lung function. This study assesses the effect of nCPAP on lung function parameters and response to bronchodilators in 50 @entity27 @entity1 . Spirometry and arterial blood gas measurements were performed before starting nCPAP and after 16.8 +/- 8 months of treatment. Of the 50 study @entity1 (55 +/- 12 years, with an @entity386 / @entity387 index of 47 +/- 34h(-1)), 15 had @entity565 , 13 had @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and 22 had no obstructive @entity1030 (NOAD). In the entire population, significant decreases in FEF50 (from 69 +/- 38% to 61 +/- 30%, P < 0.005), FEF25 (from 53 +/- 34% to 46 +/- 28%, P < 0.05) and FEF25-75 (from 65 +/- 33% to 57 +/- 27%, P < 0.005) were observed after treatment. No @entity73 was found in @entity1030 and @entity748 @entity1 . In contrast, lung function was changed in the NOAD group where FEF50, FEF25 and FEF25-75 as well as FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio were significantly reduced. Moreover, @entity2488 occurred in five of 22 @entity1 of this group. These results suggest that tolerance of nCPAP should be handled by long-term follow-up of flow-volume loops.

title: Should flow-volume loop be monitored in sleep @entity386 XXXX treated with continuous positive airway pressure?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 aging is characterized by chronic low-grade @entity32 known as "inflammaging." Persistent low-level @entity32 also plays a key role in all stages of @entity0 since "inflammaging" is the potential link between @entity5 and aging through NF-kB pathways highly influenced by specific miRs. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Inflamma-miRs have been implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Their abnormal expression contributes to the chronic pro-inflammatory status documented in normal aging and major @entity66 ( @entity66 ), inflammaging being a significant mortality risk factor in both cases. Nevertheless, the correct diagnosis of inflammaging is difficult to make and its hidden contribution to negative health outcomes remains unknown. This methodological work flow was aimed at defining crucial unanswered questions about inflammaging that can be used to clarify aging-related miRNAs in serum and cell lines as well as their targets, thus confirming their role in aging and @entity0 . Moreover, we aim to highlight the links between the pro-inflammatory mechanism underlying the @entity5 and aging processes and the precise function of certain miRNAs in cellular senescence (CS). In addition, miRNAs and @entity5 genes represent the basis for new therapeutic findings indicating that both @entity5 and @entity66 genes are possible candidates involved in CS and vice versa. Our goal is to obtain a focused review that could facilitate future approaches in the investigation of the mechanisms by which miRNAs control the aging process by acting as efficient @entity66 inflammatory biomarkers. An understanding of the sources and modulation of inflamma-miRs along with the identification of their specific target genes could enhance their therapeutic potential.

title: Inflamma-miRs in Aging and XXXX : Are They Reliable Players?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ARDs', 'age-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Previously we reported delayed cell @entity204 , defined by clear-cut cell loss 60 days after a @entity3542 -induced @entity519 episode. The loss of cells was not apparent two weeks after the treatment, although some changes in cellular appearance were observed at that time. A similar delayed loss of neurons in the hippocampus after @entity519 induced by @entity432 has also been found. In addition, we reported that the amount of @entity12757 induced by the @entity11495 can be reduced by the stress produced by handling and the injection of saline 2 or 24 h before the @entity3542 administration. The degree of methemoglobin formed is directly related to cell @entity204 in certain areas of the brain, including regions within the hippocampus. Considering the many effects that can be produced by chronic and acute stress of several kinds and the length of time during which these effects manifest themselves, we undertook to determine the histologic effects of the stresses of transport on the neuroanatomic effects of @entity11495 administration 60 days post administration. Comparisons were made of the effects of two methods of transport from the laboratory in which the animals (male @entity2659 @entity19 ) were injected with the @entity11495 or saline (Tufts Medical School) to the laboratory in which the histologic evaluations were made (Binghamton University). The animals began their travel several hours after the injections. One transport method was by commuter airline and the other was by automobile. All animals had the same transport from the supplier to the Boston location (truck). Thus, the stress of experimental interest occurred after the @entity3542 administration. Upon arrival at Binghamton University, the animals were housed at the University in their own colony room for 60 days before sacrifice. After sacrifice, sections from their brains were subjected to a number of histologic staining procedures, including PTAH, the @entity40536 method, GFAP, and the standard Nissl procedure. Although special attention was paid to hippocampal areas, changes in cells in the habenulae and the linings of ventricular areas were also prominent. Surprisingly, the @entity3542 treatment before transport to Binghamton offered partial protection against the very substantial and lasting effects of the injections, transport, and handling found in the control animals. Differential effects caused by the two methods of transport were also noted.

title: Environmental conditions unexpectedly affect the long-term extent of cell @entity204 following an XXXX episode.

entities_list: @entity12757 :: ('MESH:D008708', 'Disease') :: ['methemoglobinemia']

entities_list: @entity40536 :: ('MESH:C536644', 'Disease') :: ['Bielschowsky silver']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['blood vessel occlusion']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: Previously we reported delayed cell @entity204 , defined by clear-cut cell loss 60 days after a @entity3542 -induced @entity519 episode. The loss of cells was not apparent two weeks after the treatment, although some changes in cellular appearance were observed at that time. A similar delayed loss of neurons in the hippocampus after @entity519 induced by @entity432 has also been found. In addition, we reported that the amount of @entity12757 induced by the @entity11495 can be reduced by the stress produced by handling and the injection of saline 2 or 24 h before the @entity3542 administration. The degree of methemoglobin formed is directly related to cell @entity204 in certain areas of the brain, including regions within the hippocampus. Considering the many effects that can be produced by chronic and acute stress of several kinds and the length of time during which these effects manifest themselves, we undertook to determine the histologic effects of the stresses of transport on the neuroanatomic effects of @entity11495 administration 60 days post administration. Comparisons were made of the effects of two methods of transport from the laboratory in which the animals (male @entity2659 @entity19 ) were injected with the @entity11495 or saline (Tufts Medical School) to the laboratory in which the histologic evaluations were made (Binghamton University). The animals began their travel several hours after the injections. One transport method was by commuter airline and the other was by automobile. All animals had the same transport from the supplier to the Boston location (truck). Thus, the stress of experimental interest occurred after the @entity3542 administration. Upon arrival at Binghamton University, the animals were housed at the University in their own colony room for 60 days before sacrifice. After sacrifice, sections from their brains were subjected to a number of histologic staining procedures, including PTAH, the @entity40536 method, GFAP, and the standard Nissl procedure. Although special attention was paid to hippocampal areas, changes in cells in the habenulae and the linings of ventricular areas were also prominent. Surprisingly, the @entity3542 treatment before transport to Binghamton offered partial protection against the very substantial and lasting effects of the injections, transport, and handling found in the control animals. Differential effects caused by the two methods of transport were also noted.

title: Environmental conditions unexpectedly affect the long-term extent of cell XXXX following an @entity519 episode.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of substituting @entity416 for @entity1487 in combination with @entity900 in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable measurable biliary @entity420 received oral @entity416 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14, and intravenous @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 were assessable for efficacy and 41 were assessable for safety. A median of three cycles of treatment (range one to eight) were administered. One @entity1 achieved a complete response, and eight had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 21.4% in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval 9.1% to 33.9%). The median response duration was 5.1 months. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 3.7 and 9.1 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity1398 (20% of @entity1 ), @entity391 (12%), @entity294 (7%) and @entity3136 (5%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity416 and @entity900 has promising antitumor activity and is well tolerated in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Phase II study of @entity416 plus XXXX as first-line chemotherapy in advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of substituting @entity416 for @entity1487 in combination with @entity900 in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable measurable biliary @entity420 received oral @entity416 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14, and intravenous @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 were assessable for efficacy and 41 were assessable for safety. A median of three cycles of treatment (range one to eight) were administered. One @entity1 achieved a complete response, and eight had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 21.4% in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval 9.1% to 33.9%). The median response duration was 5.1 months. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 3.7 and 9.1 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity1398 (20% of @entity1 ), @entity391 (12%), @entity294 (7%) and @entity3136 (5%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity416 and @entity900 has promising antitumor activity and is well tolerated in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX plus @entity900 as first-line chemotherapy in advanced @entity5 .

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of substituting @entity416 for @entity1487 in combination with @entity900 in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable measurable biliary @entity420 received oral @entity416 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14, and intravenous @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 were assessable for efficacy and 41 were assessable for safety. A median of three cycles of treatment (range one to eight) were administered. One @entity1 achieved a complete response, and eight had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 21.4% in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval 9.1% to 33.9%). The median response duration was 5.1 months. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 3.7 and 9.1 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity1398 (20% of @entity1 ), @entity391 (12%), @entity294 (7%) and @entity3136 (5%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity416 and @entity900 has promising antitumor activity and is well tolerated in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Phase II study of @entity416 plus @entity900 as first-line chemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the Finnish @entity6 Risk Score in @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) and in different phenotypes of @entity3610 and controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community. @entity1 (S): Overweight premenopausal @entity1 with @entity283 ( @entity283 ) @entity3610 (n = 29), non- @entity283 @entity3610 (n = 25), or controls (n = 27). INTERVENTION(S): No intervention provided. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Finnish @entity6 Risk Score, anthropometrics, oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), @entity413 , @entity2690 , and reproductive hormone levels. RESULT(S): The @entity1 with @entity283 @entity3610 had higher adiposity, abdominal adiposity and 120-minute OGTT @entity413 . The @entity1 with @entity283 and non- @entity283 @entity3610 had elevated 120-minute OGTT @entity2690 compared with controls. The @entity1 with @entity283 (11.3    0.7) and non- @entity283 @entity3610 (10.4    0.7) had similar @entity6 risk scores, but both had higher @entity6 risk score compared with controls (7.6    0.8) maintained on adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI). The @entity1 with @entity283 (4%) and non- @entity283 @entity3610 (12%) had a lower prevalence of low risk of @entity6 scores compared with controls (50%). CONCLUSION(S): We report for the first time that @entity1 with @entity283 and non- @entity283 @entity3610 have similar Finnish @entity6 Risk Scores and elevated scores relative to controls independent of age and adiposity. Similar clinical screening and treatment practices for @entity164 2 @entity6 are warranted for both phenotypes of @entity3610 .

title: @entity6 risk score in the diagnostic categories of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['NIH', 'National Institutes of Health']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the Finnish @entity6 Risk Score in @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) and in different phenotypes of @entity3610 and controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community. @entity1 (S): Overweight premenopausal @entity1 with @entity283 ( @entity283 ) @entity3610 (n = 29), non- @entity283 @entity3610 (n = 25), or controls (n = 27). INTERVENTION(S): No intervention provided. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Finnish @entity6 Risk Score, anthropometrics, oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), @entity413 , @entity2690 , and reproductive hormone levels. RESULT(S): The @entity1 with @entity283 @entity3610 had higher adiposity, abdominal adiposity and 120-minute OGTT @entity413 . The @entity1 with @entity283 and non- @entity283 @entity3610 had elevated 120-minute OGTT @entity2690 compared with controls. The @entity1 with @entity283 (11.3    0.7) and non- @entity283 @entity3610 (10.4    0.7) had similar @entity6 risk scores, but both had higher @entity6 risk score compared with controls (7.6    0.8) maintained on adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI). The @entity1 with @entity283 (4%) and non- @entity283 @entity3610 (12%) had a lower prevalence of low risk of @entity6 scores compared with controls (50%). CONCLUSION(S): We report for the first time that @entity1 with @entity283 and non- @entity283 @entity3610 have similar Finnish @entity6 Risk Scores and elevated scores relative to controls independent of age and adiposity. Similar clinical screening and treatment practices for @entity164 2 @entity6 are warranted for both phenotypes of @entity3610 .

title: XXXX risk score in the diagnostic categories of @entity3610 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if persistent airway tissue mast cells are associated with treatment failure when @entity1 discontinue inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Multicenter, tertiary referral centers. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Forty-five subjects with @entity565 recruited from six medical centers in the United States. INTERVENTIONS: The Asthma Clinical Research Network undertook a 28-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 164 subjects with clinically stable, persistent @entity565 . A subset of subjects (n = 45) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BAL at the end of a 6-week run-in period, during which all subjects received @entity2995 ( @entity2796 ), 400 microg bid. Airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were quantified morphometrically along with determination of BAL tryptase. At the end of the run-in period, subjects were then randomized to receive @entity10453 (42 micro g bid), placebo, or continue @entity2796 for 16 weeks followed by a second bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Outcome variables included airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells that were quantified morphometrically and BAL tryptase. Thirty-five subjects completed the treatment phase; an additional 10 subjects, who were randomized to either @entity10453 or placebo after the run-in, had treatment failure. When the bronchoscopy results performed at the end of the run-in, prior to randomization, were analyzed, the treatment failure group demonstrated significantly more tissue mast cells as compared to the nontreatment failure group despite 6 weeks of therapy with @entity2796 (p = 0.04). BAL tryptase was also significantly higher in the treatment failure group (p < 0.0001). Of those subjects who completed the study, tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase did not change significantly within any of the treatment groups during the treatment phase (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent elevations in airway tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase after treatment with @entity2796 predict treatment failure in @entity1 for whom discontinuation of ICS is being considered.

title: Airway tissue mast cells in persistent XXXX : predictor of treatment failure when @entity1 discontinue inhaled corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if persistent airway tissue mast cells are associated with treatment failure when @entity1 discontinue inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Multicenter, tertiary referral centers. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Forty-five subjects with @entity565 recruited from six medical centers in the United States. INTERVENTIONS: The Asthma Clinical Research Network undertook a 28-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 164 subjects with clinically stable, persistent @entity565 . A subset of subjects (n = 45) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BAL at the end of a 6-week run-in period, during which all subjects received @entity2995 ( @entity2796 ), 400 microg bid. Airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were quantified morphometrically along with determination of BAL tryptase. At the end of the run-in period, subjects were then randomized to receive @entity10453 (42 micro g bid), placebo, or continue @entity2796 for 16 weeks followed by a second bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Outcome variables included airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells that were quantified morphometrically and BAL tryptase. Thirty-five subjects completed the treatment phase; an additional 10 subjects, who were randomized to either @entity10453 or placebo after the run-in, had treatment failure. When the bronchoscopy results performed at the end of the run-in, prior to randomization, were analyzed, the treatment failure group demonstrated significantly more tissue mast cells as compared to the nontreatment failure group despite 6 weeks of therapy with @entity2796 (p = 0.04). BAL tryptase was also significantly higher in the treatment failure group (p < 0.0001). Of those subjects who completed the study, tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase did not change significantly within any of the treatment groups during the treatment phase (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent elevations in airway tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase after treatment with @entity2796 predict treatment failure in @entity1 for whom discontinuation of ICS is being considered.

title: Airway tissue mast cells in persistent @entity565 : predictor of treatment failure when XXXX discontinue inhaled corticosteroids.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Regulatory functions for B lymphocytes have been reported in @entity19 models of @entity792 in which B-cell deficient @entity19 were shown to exhibit exacerbated disease. The B cells responsible for the immune regulations were identified as a subpopulation of @entity688 -secreting cells. However, the mechanism of induction and the characteristics of regulatory B cells in @entity1 have been hardly studied. This study reports that regulation of T cell responses can be induced by B cells following @entity2936 -dependent cognate interaction. T cell proliferation and cytokine production were differentially regulated. Thus, @entity2936 -induced regulatory B cells partially inhibited T cell proliferation following @entity2936 interaction without requirement of soluble factor. In contrast, modulation of Th1 differentiation resulted from @entity7938 - and @entity2937 -dependent interactions and from @entity688 production. The suppressive effects were mediated by @entity1075 (high)IgD+ @entity3053 (high) @entity11707 (high) @entity5893 (high) B cells and appeared to be indirect, through the induction of regulatory T cells as indicated by the appearance of @entity403 + @entity404 + @entity2902 +T cells. These data suggest that activation signals from T cells initiate regulatory properties in B cells that modulate T cell responses involving regulatory T cells. Finally, studies in autoimmune @entity1 revealed that regulation of T cell proliferation was defective in @entity1252 but efficient in other diseases. Restoration of efficient B-cell regulatory activity could provide innovative B-cell based treatment of @entity792 .

title: XXXX T cells induce their own regulation through activation of B cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term (up to 6 years) safety and efficacy of the selective @entity13365 antagonist @entity9940 in @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity1067 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 609 @entity1 were enrolled in a 4-year multicenter open label extension study. Subjects entered the study after completion of a 1-year open label trial that included @entity1 who previously completed up to 57 weeks of double-blind, placebo controlled studies. Maintenance doses (0.4 or 2 x 0.4 mg daily) established in the 1-year study were continued. Efficacy and safety were assessed every 3 months. Primary efficacy evaluations were changes from baseline maximum urine flow rate and total American Urological Association symptom index, and the responder rates for those 2 end points. Secondary end points were changes in American Urological Association subset scores, Boyarsky symptom scores, average urine flow rate, post-void residual urine volume, quality of life index and investigator global assessment. RESULTS: Of the 609 @entity1 who entered the 4-year extension study 159 had a 2-year or greater prior experience with @entity9940 , yielding a potential 6-year experience on the medication. Of this 159 @entity1 subset 109 completed the whole 6 years. Initial rapid improvements from baseline in primary and secondary end points were maintained each year throughout the duration of the study. @entity9940 was well tolerated, confirming the safety profile demonstrated in earlier studies. @entity551 was observed in 1.3% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the sustained efficacy, safety and excellent long-term tolerability of @entity9940 for up to 6 years in @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity1067 .

title: Long-term safety and efficacy of XXXX for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity13365 :: ('148', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1A-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term (up to 6 years) safety and efficacy of the selective @entity13365 antagonist @entity9940 in @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity1067 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 609 @entity1 were enrolled in a 4-year multicenter open label extension study. Subjects entered the study after completion of a 1-year open label trial that included @entity1 who previously completed up to 57 weeks of double-blind, placebo controlled studies. Maintenance doses (0.4 or 2 x 0.4 mg daily) established in the 1-year study were continued. Efficacy and safety were assessed every 3 months. Primary efficacy evaluations were changes from baseline maximum urine flow rate and total American Urological Association symptom index, and the responder rates for those 2 end points. Secondary end points were changes in American Urological Association subset scores, Boyarsky symptom scores, average urine flow rate, post-void residual urine volume, quality of life index and investigator global assessment. RESULTS: Of the 609 @entity1 who entered the 4-year extension study 159 had a 2-year or greater prior experience with @entity9940 , yielding a potential 6-year experience on the medication. Of this 159 @entity1 subset 109 completed the whole 6 years. Initial rapid improvements from baseline in primary and secondary end points were maintained each year throughout the duration of the study. @entity9940 was well tolerated, confirming the safety profile demonstrated in earlier studies. @entity551 was observed in 1.3% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the sustained efficacy, safety and excellent long-term tolerability of @entity9940 for up to 6 years in @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity1067 .

title: Long-term safety and efficacy of @entity9940 for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologic and clinical response to @entity1346 plug insertion in @entity936 @entity1 . METHODS: Punctal plugs were placed in 32 eyes of 18 @entity936 @entity1 with @entity942 who were on maximum medical therapy and who had Schirmer testing with topical anesthetic measuring less than 5 mm. Pre-treatment and post-treatment (6 weeks and 1 year) evaluations included temporal and inferior quadrant impression cytology examinations, Schirmer-1, BUT, corneal @entity941 and rose-bengal staining patterns and questionnaire scores. The cytology samples were graded according to the method described by Nelson. RESULTS: There was an improvement in subjective symptoms of @entity1 6 weeks after @entity432 . Corneal @entity941 and rose-bengal staining scores decreased from a mean of 5.33 +/- 1.74 to 1.37 +/- 1.48 and from 5.90 +/- 1.2 to 2.45 +/- 1.89 (p < 0.05) respectively. BUT values increased from 2.98 +/- 1.1 to 11.3 +/- 3.1 seconds (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks post-treatment. Increase in goblet cell density was observed after @entity432 at 6 weeks (p < 0.05) and at 1 year (p < 0.05) compared to the pre-treatment values. After occlusion, 3% of temporal specimens had Grade 0 squamous metaplasia, 63% had Grade 1, 34% had Grade 2; while 25% of inferior specimens had Grade 0, 56% had Grade 1, 19% had Grade 2 squamous metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Punctum plug occlusion in @entity9849 sicca provides improvement of tear film stability, ocular surface staining scores, conjunctival squamous metaplasia grades and goblet cell density. Increased ocular surface exposure to essential tear components with @entity432 may be important for the genesis of these changes.

title: Ocular surface changes in @entity9849 sicca with XXXX punctum plug occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['punctal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous deficiency']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologic and clinical response to @entity1346 plug insertion in @entity936 @entity1 . METHODS: Punctal plugs were placed in 32 eyes of 18 @entity936 @entity1 with @entity942 who were on maximum medical therapy and who had Schirmer testing with topical anesthetic measuring less than 5 mm. Pre-treatment and post-treatment (6 weeks and 1 year) evaluations included temporal and inferior quadrant impression cytology examinations, Schirmer-1, BUT, corneal @entity941 and rose-bengal staining patterns and questionnaire scores. The cytology samples were graded according to the method described by Nelson. RESULTS: There was an improvement in subjective symptoms of @entity1 6 weeks after @entity432 . Corneal @entity941 and rose-bengal staining scores decreased from a mean of 5.33 +/- 1.74 to 1.37 +/- 1.48 and from 5.90 +/- 1.2 to 2.45 +/- 1.89 (p < 0.05) respectively. BUT values increased from 2.98 +/- 1.1 to 11.3 +/- 3.1 seconds (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks post-treatment. Increase in goblet cell density was observed after @entity432 at 6 weeks (p < 0.05) and at 1 year (p < 0.05) compared to the pre-treatment values. After occlusion, 3% of temporal specimens had Grade 0 squamous metaplasia, 63% had Grade 1, 34% had Grade 2; while 25% of inferior specimens had Grade 0, 56% had Grade 1, 19% had Grade 2 squamous metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Punctum plug occlusion in @entity9849 sicca provides improvement of tear film stability, ocular surface staining scores, conjunctival squamous metaplasia grades and goblet cell density. Increased ocular surface exposure to essential tear components with @entity432 may be important for the genesis of these changes.

title: Ocular surface changes in XXXX sicca with @entity1346 punctum plug occlusion.

answer: @entity9849 :: (MESH:D007637,Disease) :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']


abstract: Common @entity5 therapies employ chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. @entity5 and normal cells respond to DNA damage by activating complex networks of DNA damage sensor, signal transducer, and effector proteins that arrest cell cycle progression, and repair damaged DNA. If damage is severe enough, the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers programed cell death by apoptosis or other pathways. @entity522 is a protease that is activated upon damage and triggers apoptosis, and production of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), a potent growth factor that can enhance growth of surviving @entity5 cells leading to accelerated @entity5 repopulation. Thus, dying @entity5 cells can promote growth of surviving @entity5 cells, a pathway aptly named Phoenix Rising. In the present study, we surveyed Phoenix Rising responses in a variety of normal and established @entity5 cell lines, and in @entity5 cell lines freshly derived from @entity1 . We demonstrate that IR induces a Phoenix Rising response in many, but not all cell lines, and that @entity1421 production generally correlates with enhanced growth of cells that survive irradiation, and of unirradiated cells co-cultured with irradiated cells. We show that @entity1421 production is stimulated by low and high LET ionizing radiation, and can be enhanced or suppressed by inhibitors of key DDR proteins. @entity1421 is produced downstream of @entity522 and the cyclooxygenases @entity9859 and @entity2247 , and we show that the pan @entity9859 -2 inhibitor @entity3352 blocks IR-induced @entity1421 production in the presence or absence of DDR inhibitors. @entity9859 -2 require @entity26 for catalytic activity, and we further show that @entity1421 production is markedly suppressed in cells cultured under low (1%) @entity26 concentration. Thus, Phoenix Rising is most likely to cause repopulation of @entity5 with relatively high @entity26 , but not in @entity5 . This survey lays a foundation for future studies to further define @entity5 responses to radiation and inhibitors of the DDR and Phoenix Rising to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy with the ultimate goal of precision medicine informed by deep understanding of specific @entity5 responses to radiation and adjunct chemotherapy targeting key factors in the DDR and Phoenix Rising pathways.

title: DNA Damage Response Proteins and XXXX Modulate @entity1421 Growth Factor Release in Response to Low and High LET Ionizing Radiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'hypoxic tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: Common @entity5 therapies employ chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. @entity5 and normal cells respond to DNA damage by activating complex networks of DNA damage sensor, signal transducer, and effector proteins that arrest cell cycle progression, and repair damaged DNA. If damage is severe enough, the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers programed cell death by apoptosis or other pathways. @entity522 is a protease that is activated upon damage and triggers apoptosis, and production of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), a potent growth factor that can enhance growth of surviving @entity5 cells leading to accelerated @entity5 repopulation. Thus, dying @entity5 cells can promote growth of surviving @entity5 cells, a pathway aptly named Phoenix Rising. In the present study, we surveyed Phoenix Rising responses in a variety of normal and established @entity5 cell lines, and in @entity5 cell lines freshly derived from @entity1 . We demonstrate that IR induces a Phoenix Rising response in many, but not all cell lines, and that @entity1421 production generally correlates with enhanced growth of cells that survive irradiation, and of unirradiated cells co-cultured with irradiated cells. We show that @entity1421 production is stimulated by low and high LET ionizing radiation, and can be enhanced or suppressed by inhibitors of key DDR proteins. @entity1421 is produced downstream of @entity522 and the cyclooxygenases @entity9859 and @entity2247 , and we show that the pan @entity9859 -2 inhibitor @entity3352 blocks IR-induced @entity1421 production in the presence or absence of DDR inhibitors. @entity9859 -2 require @entity26 for catalytic activity, and we further show that @entity1421 production is markedly suppressed in cells cultured under low (1%) @entity26 concentration. Thus, Phoenix Rising is most likely to cause repopulation of @entity5 with relatively high @entity26 , but not in @entity5 . This survey lays a foundation for future studies to further define @entity5 responses to radiation and inhibitors of the DDR and Phoenix Rising to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy with the ultimate goal of precision medicine informed by deep understanding of specific @entity5 responses to radiation and adjunct chemotherapy targeting key factors in the DDR and Phoenix Rising pathways.

title: DNA Damage Response Proteins and @entity26 Modulate XXXX Growth Factor Release in Response to Low and High LET Ionizing Radiation.

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin E2']


abstract: A family of facilitative @entity413 transporters or GLUTs mediates @entity413 uptake by cells and tissues. The @entity413 transporter isoform @entity2368 , which is the predominant isoform expressed in mature muscle and fat tissues, is primarily responsible for the increase in @entity413 uptake in response to insulin stimulation. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that there are two divergent responses initiated by insulin stimulation. The first response involves the recruitment of @entity2368 transporters from intracellular reserves and their subsequent insertion into the plasma membrane. The second pathway results in an increase in the intrinsic activity of the transporters. This review will discuss evidence supporting the divergence of the two pathways regulating @entity413 uptake and, in particular, evidence for the increased intrinsic activity of @entity2368 in response to insulin stimulation. Inhibitors of @entity1435 (MAPK) affected only the arm leading to the insulin-stimulated activation of @entity2368 . This implicates p38 MAPK involvement in the regulation of this pathway. There is further evidence that p38 MAPK is itself recruited to the plasma membrane. The role of the phosphorylation state of the @entity413 transporter in response to insulin stimulation has been studied and indicates that, contrary to what might be predicted, there is actually a decrease in its phosphorylation at the plasma membrane in response to insulin. The relationship of this change to @entity413 uptake remains to be established. Other possible mechanisms regulating @entity2368 activity include binding of (+) or (-) modulators of its function.

title: XXXX activation: thoughts on possible mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity2368 :: (6517,Gene) :: ['GLUT4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity158 severity, disability, @entity458 , and quality of life between @entity1 with @entity10 and nonheadache treatment-seeking @entity1118 @entity1 . METHODS: Six hundred forty-three @entity1 seeking treatment at a university @entity158 clinic were divided into 3 categories based on primary @entity158 complaint and the presence of focal or @entity158 complaints: @entity10 , nonheadache focal ( @entity158 involving <50% of the body), and nonheadache diffuse ( @entity158 involving >/=50% of the body). @entity1 completed questionnaires to identify @entity158 severity, disability, @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity10 differed from nonheadache @entity1 for all evaluated parameters. Average @entity158 severity on a 0 to 10 point severity scale was 5.55 for @entity10 , 6.93 for nonheadache focal, and 8.05 for nonheadache diffuse. @entity158 occurred an additional 1.51 to 1.71 days per week for @entity1 without @entity10 . Compared to @entity1 with @entity10 , @entity1 without @entity10 reported greater frequency of reduced daily activities and complete disability related to @entity158 . In addition, @entity1 without @entity10 and with @entity158 reported more @entity308 (78.2% vs. 45.8%) and @entity148 (70.0% vs. 39.1%) than @entity1 with @entity10 . Quality of life measures were significantly reduced in @entity1 with either nonheadache focal or diffuse conditions compared to @entity1 with @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Even when considering @entity1 with focal rather than diffuse @entity1118 complaints, @entity1 with @entity10 are dissimilar from other @entity1 with @entity1118 . @entity158 severity, frequency, disability, @entity458 , and quality of life are significantly more prominent or impaired in @entity1 with @entity1118 without @entity10 compared to @entity1 with @entity10 .

title: XXXX and other types of @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'diffuse pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['Headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity158 severity, disability, @entity458 , and quality of life between @entity1 with @entity10 and nonheadache treatment-seeking @entity1118 @entity1 . METHODS: Six hundred forty-three @entity1 seeking treatment at a university @entity158 clinic were divided into 3 categories based on primary @entity158 complaint and the presence of focal or @entity158 complaints: @entity10 , nonheadache focal ( @entity158 involving <50% of the body), and nonheadache diffuse ( @entity158 involving >/=50% of the body). @entity1 completed questionnaires to identify @entity158 severity, disability, @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity10 differed from nonheadache @entity1 for all evaluated parameters. Average @entity158 severity on a 0 to 10 point severity scale was 5.55 for @entity10 , 6.93 for nonheadache focal, and 8.05 for nonheadache diffuse. @entity158 occurred an additional 1.51 to 1.71 days per week for @entity1 without @entity10 . Compared to @entity1 with @entity10 , @entity1 without @entity10 reported greater frequency of reduced daily activities and complete disability related to @entity158 . In addition, @entity1 without @entity10 and with @entity158 reported more @entity308 (78.2% vs. 45.8%) and @entity148 (70.0% vs. 39.1%) than @entity1 with @entity10 . Quality of life measures were significantly reduced in @entity1 with either nonheadache focal or diffuse conditions compared to @entity1 with @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Even when considering @entity1 with focal rather than diffuse @entity1118 complaints, @entity1 with @entity10 are dissimilar from other @entity1 with @entity1118 . @entity158 severity, frequency, disability, @entity458 , and quality of life are significantly more prominent or impaired in @entity1 with @entity1118 without @entity10 compared to @entity1 with @entity10 .

title: @entity10 and other types of XXXX .

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously reported a high prevalence of raised thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) in apparently healthy @entity3595 Lankan schoolgirls following salt iodination. To characterize these antibodies further we determined the epitopes on thyroglobulin (Tg) with which they react and compared these with serum obtained from both healthy subjects and established @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) @entity1 from the UK. To extend our study to a wider population within @entity3595 Lanka, we in addition determined the epitopes recognized by a group of @entity1669 @entity1 selected from a thyroid clinic in @entity3595 Lanka, as well as apparently healthy female @entity3595 Lankan tea workers of distinct ethnicity from the schoolgirls and @entity1669 @entity1 . DESIGN: @entity3595 Lankan schoolgirls (n = 282) and adult female tea estate workers (n = 208) were examined for thyroid autoimmune markers. Sera with high TgAb (> 98 kIU/l) were selected from these two groups (n = 36 and 45, respectively) to study epitope-binding patterns. We also examined the sera from 16 @entity1669 @entity1 attending a thyroid clinic in Colombo, 16 @entity1 with @entity1669 from the thyroid clinic at the University Hospital of Wales and 16 sera from healthy control UK @entity1 with no evidence of @entity1374 . To determine the epitopes on Tg recognized by the subjects' TgAb, we employed a panel of Tg mouse monoclonal antibodies labelled with alkaline phosphatase in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reaction with the subjects' serum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A majority of the @entity3595 Lankan schoolgirls did not react with the immunodominant epitopes and did not differ significantly from healthy subjects from the UK in their Tg epitope recognition pattern. On the other hand, tea estate workers and @entity3595 Lankan @entity1669 @entity1 recognized typical @entity1669 and, in addition, recognized a separate cluster not previously associated with either the autoimmune state or the healthy state. The significance of this cluster requires further clarification.

title: Thyroglobulin epitope recognition in a post iodine-supplemented XXXX Lankan population.

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'autoimmune thyroid disease epitopes', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: This study was conducted between April 2000 and March 2001, in 12-month period. During the study, local slaughterhouses were visited periodically for 1 year to examine the internal organs (livers, lungs, spleens and hearts) for the presence of cysts and total 1355 @entity291 , 218 @entity742 and 104 @entity1237 were examined for the @entity8434 ( @entity8434 ). It was found that 13.5% of @entity291 , 26.6% of @entity742 and 22.1% of @entity1237 were infected with this disease. While cysts in @entity291 (P < 0.001) and @entity1237 (P > 0.05) were found mostly in lungs (88.5 and 82.6%, respectively), but they were mostly found in livers (P > 0.05) in @entity742 . In addition to this, three spleens and one heart in @entity291 were infected with @entity8434 . In this study, the prevalence of @entity8434 and the number of cysts in ruminants were found different when the @entity291 , @entity742 and @entity1237 examined were stratified based on age. The prevalence and the number of cysts increased with age approaching an asymptotic prevalence of one in the oldest animals (P < 0.05). The number of cysts in @entity291 , @entity742 and @entity1237 were increasing at a rate of 0.31, 0.63 and 0.42/year, respectively. The economic decrease in the value of the carcasses because of the discarded liver and lung as a result of @entity8434 was estimated as 1.1% (7.5 US dollars per @entity291 ) for @entity291 , 4.37% (3.2 US dollars per @entity742 ) for @entity742 and 4.26% (2.9 US dollars per @entity1237 ) for @entity1237 . The minimum total loss for all infected animals was determined to be 583 US dollars in infected animals, based on the market prices in the year 2002.

title: Prevalence and economic importance of XXXX in slaughtered ruminants in Burdur, Turkey.

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['CE', 'cystic echinococcosis']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['cystic echinococcosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment for @entity1 with early stage primary tonsil @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: Two hundred and thirteen @entity1 with previously untreated early stage primary tonsil @entity1893 were reviewed. All @entity1 were pathologically confirmed. According to Ann Arbor classification, 35 @entity1 were stage I, 178 stage II. The primary treatment for stage I was radiotherapy alone in 12 and combined modality therapy (CMT) in 23 @entity1 . The primary treatment for stage II was radiotherapy alone in 57,chemotherapy alone in 2, and CMT in 119 @entity1 . RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival, cancer specific survival (CSS) AND disease-free survival (DFS) for the early stage primary tonsil @entity1893 were 65%, 70% and 61%, respectively. The 5-year CSS was 63% for the radiotherapy alone group and 72% for the CMT group (p = 0.064), and the 5-year DFS were 56% for the radiotherapy alone group and 62% for the CMT group. For @entity1 with stage I disease, The 5-year CSS were 100% in both radiotherapy alone and CMT groups, and the 5-year DFS were 100% and 80% in these two groups (p = 0.148), respectively. There was no significant difference of efficacy between the two treatment s for the @entity1 with stage I disease. For the @entity1 with @entity34 , the 5-year CSS was 58% in radiotherapy alone group and 66% in CMT group (p = 0.051). However, CMT significantly improved DFS in @entity34 , with a 5-year DFS of 46% for radiotherapy alone and 60% for CMT (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with stage I tonsil @entity1893 treated with radiotherapy alone or CMT can achieve an excellent outcome. CMT significantly improve the DFS in stage II @entity1 . There was a trend that CMT improved the survival rates in the @entity1 with early stage disease. It was suggested that CMT should be used for the @entity1 with early stage primary tonsil @entity1893 .

title: [Treatment of early stage primary tonsil XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity4053 (IKH) is an important cause of emergent @entity4053 among @entity1 . We present a case series of 24 @entity1 with IKH in an effort to provide a current clinical description of this disorder. Secondly, we provide a crude lower-bound estimate of the incidence of IKH in an @entity341 ( @entity341 ) setting. The charts of 94 non- @entity6 @entity1 presenting to an @entity341 during a period of 64 months with a diagnosis of @entity4053 as identified via ICD-9 codes were reviewed. Eleven @entity1 , accounting for 24.4% of all significant @entity2749 unrelated to @entity6 in @entity1 over 6 months of age, were diagnosed with IKH. These @entity1 accounted for 31.4% of @entity2749 among previously heathy @entity1 older than 6 months. A further review of 13 individuals with IKH identified from an endocrinology specialty clinic was also performed. Among all 24 individuals identified with IKH, the mean age of presentation was 30.8 months. We have found IKH to be the most common cause of @entity4053 among previously healthy @entity341 @entity1 during childhood. In our series, @entity1 with IKH presented initially before 5 years of age with symptomatic @entity4053 during the morning hours after a moderate fast. These @entity1 were found to have @entity1270 with symptoms resolving after @entity413 administration. @entity1 with IKH were more likely to be Caucasian, male gender, and have a low body weight.

title: Presenting features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'ketotic hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketonuria']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia']


abstract: Quantitative analyses of the dynamics of @entity850 development were expressed in terms of the time course for changes in blood flow velocity in a stenosed region and @entity715 configuration in the microvasculature of @entity35 mesentery. The @entity1423 was induced in microvessels by irradiation of filtered light in combination with intravascular administration of fluorescent dye. The blood flow velocity began to increase soon after the initiation of @entity715 formation and continued to increase progressively with the growth of the @entity715 in the radial direction. After the velocity reached an almost constant level, the velocity fluctuation became significant due to the frequent @entity1423 . Meanwhile, the blood flow velocity precipitously dropped. Two different definitions of a critical @entity850 were proposed. The first definition was the condition that the blood flow velocity reached a maximum. The critical area @entity850 based on this definition had almost a constant value, i.e., 75-95% of the lumen area. The second definition of critical @entity850 was given as the condition that the blood flow rate decreased by more than 15%. In the higher velocity range the values of critical @entity850 based on the second definition were almost constant, i.e., 70-90% of the lumen area. However, in the lower velocity range, the critical condition seemed to occur in smaller @entity850 .

title: Hemodynamics at stenoses formed by growing platelet thrombi in mesenteric microvasculature of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet thrombus', 'detachment of platelet aggregates']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity258 ( @entity258 ) is believed to predispose to @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and proctocolectomy has been advocated when this is identified. Between 1978 and 1990, 160 @entity1 with longstanding extensive @entity31 ( @entity31 ) were recruited for annual colonoscopic surveillance and 40 developed @entity258 at some stage. We report the outcome of this cohort 10 years after the original study ended. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study and histopathological review of the original diagnoses of @entity258 . The outcome of 158/160 (98.8%) @entity1 was established in 2000. RESULTS: Of the 128 @entity1 still alive and with an intact colon at the end of 1990, two were not traceable, 29 had @entity258 , and 97 had no @entity1141 (controls). After 10 years, @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or @entity14 developed in 3/29 @entity258 (10%) and in 4/97 controls (4.0%). Kaplan-Meier analysis from 1991 to death or colectomy did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (log rank test p=0.63). Histopathological review demonstrated the unreliability of @entity258 diagnosis. Agreement between pathologists was uniformly poor: kappa <0.4 for all comparisons. CONCLUSION: @entity258 diagnosis is not sufficiently reliable to justify prophylactic colectomy. Conservative management of established @entity258 cases should not be ruled out.

title: Ten year follow up of XXXX @entity1 with and without low grade @entity1141 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LGD', 'Low grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity258 ( @entity258 ) is believed to predispose to @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and proctocolectomy has been advocated when this is identified. Between 1978 and 1990, 160 @entity1 with longstanding extensive @entity31 ( @entity31 ) were recruited for annual colonoscopic surveillance and 40 developed @entity258 at some stage. We report the outcome of this cohort 10 years after the original study ended. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study and histopathological review of the original diagnoses of @entity258 . The outcome of 158/160 (98.8%) @entity1 was established in 2000. RESULTS: Of the 128 @entity1 still alive and with an intact colon at the end of 1990, two were not traceable, 29 had @entity258 , and 97 had no @entity1141 (controls). After 10 years, @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or @entity14 developed in 3/29 @entity258 (10%) and in 4/97 controls (4.0%). Kaplan-Meier analysis from 1991 to death or colectomy did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (log rank test p=0.63). Histopathological review demonstrated the unreliability of @entity258 diagnosis. Agreement between pathologists was uniformly poor: kappa <0.4 for all comparisons. CONCLUSION: @entity258 diagnosis is not sufficiently reliable to justify prophylactic colectomy. Conservative management of established @entity258 cases should not be ruled out.

title: Ten year follow up of @entity31 @entity1 with and without low grade XXXX .

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity258 ( @entity258 ) is believed to predispose to @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and proctocolectomy has been advocated when this is identified. Between 1978 and 1990, 160 @entity1 with longstanding extensive @entity31 ( @entity31 ) were recruited for annual colonoscopic surveillance and 40 developed @entity258 at some stage. We report the outcome of this cohort 10 years after the original study ended. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study and histopathological review of the original diagnoses of @entity258 . The outcome of 158/160 (98.8%) @entity1 was established in 2000. RESULTS: Of the 128 @entity1 still alive and with an intact colon at the end of 1990, two were not traceable, 29 had @entity258 , and 97 had no @entity1141 (controls). After 10 years, @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or @entity14 developed in 3/29 @entity258 (10%) and in 4/97 controls (4.0%). Kaplan-Meier analysis from 1991 to death or colectomy did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (log rank test p=0.63). Histopathological review demonstrated the unreliability of @entity258 diagnosis. Agreement between pathologists was uniformly poor: kappa <0.4 for all comparisons. CONCLUSION: @entity258 diagnosis is not sufficiently reliable to justify prophylactic colectomy. Conservative management of established @entity258 cases should not be ruled out.

title: Ten year follow up of @entity31 XXXX with and without low grade @entity1141 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy, or sphincteroplasty are used in the treatment of selected @entity1 with retained, recurrent, and impacted bile duct stones; strictures of the bile ducts; stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi; @entity788 associated with @entity253 ; @entity2941 ; @entity292 of the bile duct; and @entity253 , either benign or malignant. From a group of approximately 1600 @entity1 operated on for biliary and @entity660 during the 17-year period, 1962 to 1979, 153 @entity1 who had choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy or sphincteroplasty were identified. Follow-up information was available for 146 @entity1 (95%). Overall, 84% of the @entity1 had good results, 10% had fair results, and 3% had poor results. A 3% postoperative mortality rate was found, all in @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 . Treatment of bile duct obstruction, benign or malignant, was equally effective by choledochoduodenostomy or choledochojejunostomy. @entity1087 resolved in all @entity1 ; three @entity1 with benign strictures required reoperations for recurrent stricture formation, two after choledochoduodenostomy, and one after choledochojejunostomy. Recurrent @entity255 heralded the development of another stricture. Both choledochoduodenostomy and sphincteroplasty were used for @entity1 with retained, recurrent or impacted duct stones. @entity788 did not occur in any @entity1 after sphincteroplasty; the sump syndrome was not seen after choledochoduodenostomy. This review supports the view that choledochoduodenostomy is a safe and effective procedure. All three operative procedures were effective for the problems for which they were used; each procedure has a place in the treatment of recurrent or complicated biliary and @entity660 . The procedures are complementary, not competitive. For certain problems, the operation performed depends upon the surgeon's preference and experience. The indications for and results of these operative procedures are discussed.

title: Choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy or sphincteroplasty for biliary and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases', 'pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic disease']


abstract: The 24 hr @entity5068 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity753 (Type II) @entity1 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3150 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity165 intravenously in order to measure @entity165 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3150 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity165 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity753 @entity1 . @entity165 constituted 89% of the total @entity5068 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity165 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity165 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity165 and the skin @entity165 . The presence of plant @entity3150 , @entity9542 , @entity9543 , and @entity15104 in the skin surface lipids of @entity1 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3150 . The occurrence of plant @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3150 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3150 were tentatively identified as @entity37793 and @entity18749 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity165 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity165 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity753 @entity1 excreted similar amounts of @entity165 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity165 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity5068 balance studies.

title: Excretion of XXXX from the skin of normal and @entity753 @entity1 . Implications for @entity5068 balance studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity9542 :: ('MESH:C025473', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-sitosterol']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity18749 :: ('MESH:D007810', 'Chemical') :: ['lanosterol']

entities_list: @entity3150 :: ('MESH:D013261', 'Chemical') :: ['sterols', 'Sterols']

entities_list: @entity37793 :: ('MESH:C001521', 'Chemical') :: ['lathosterol']

entities_list: @entity15104 :: ('MESH:D013265', 'Chemical') :: ['stigmasterol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity9543 :: ('MESH:C021273', 'Chemical') :: ['campesterol']

answer: @entity3150 :: (MESH:D013261,Chemical) :: ['sterols']


abstract: The 24 hr @entity5068 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity753 (Type II) @entity1 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3150 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity165 intravenously in order to measure @entity165 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3150 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity165 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity753 @entity1 . @entity165 constituted 89% of the total @entity5068 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity165 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity165 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity165 and the skin @entity165 . The presence of plant @entity3150 , @entity9542 , @entity9543 , and @entity15104 in the skin surface lipids of @entity1 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3150 . The occurrence of plant @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3150 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3150 were tentatively identified as @entity37793 and @entity18749 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity165 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity165 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity753 @entity1 excreted similar amounts of @entity165 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity165 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity5068 balance studies.

title: Excretion of @entity3150 from the skin of normal and @entity753 @entity1 . Implications for XXXX balance studies.

answer: @entity5068 :: (CHEBI:15889,Chemical) :: ['sterol']


abstract: The 24 hr @entity5068 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity753 (Type II) @entity1 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3150 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity165 intravenously in order to measure @entity165 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3150 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity165 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity753 @entity1 . @entity165 constituted 89% of the total @entity5068 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity165 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity165 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity165 and the skin @entity165 . The presence of plant @entity3150 , @entity9542 , @entity9543 , and @entity15104 in the skin surface lipids of @entity1 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3150 . The occurrence of plant @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3150 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3150 were tentatively identified as @entity37793 and @entity18749 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity165 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity165 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity753 @entity1 excreted similar amounts of @entity165 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity165 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity5068 balance studies.

title: Excretion of @entity3150 from the skin of normal and XXXX @entity1 . Implications for @entity5068 balance studies.

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: The 24 hr @entity5068 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity753 (Type II) @entity1 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3150 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity165 intravenously in order to measure @entity165 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3150 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity165 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity753 @entity1 . @entity165 constituted 89% of the total @entity5068 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity165 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity165 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity165 and the skin @entity165 . The presence of plant @entity3150 , @entity9542 , @entity9543 , and @entity15104 in the skin surface lipids of @entity1 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3150 . The occurrence of plant @entity3150 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3150 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3150 were tentatively identified as @entity37793 and @entity18749 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity165 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity165 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity753 @entity1 excreted similar amounts of @entity165 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity165 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity5068 balance studies.

title: Excretion of @entity3150 from the skin of normal and @entity753 XXXX . Implications for @entity5068 balance studies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the use of an internal self-activated distraction device made of @entity702 - @entity3406 memory alloy to augment the mandibular alveolar ridge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve adult mongrel @entity235 were randomly divided into 4 groups. Groups I and II were sacrificed 1 month and 3 months after distraction, respectively. In group III (distraction-planting group), 2 implants were placed on both sides of the mandible 3 months after distraction. In group IV (control group), no implants were placed. X-rays were taken and histologic research was performed. RESULTS: When the distraction device was in place, the transport segments were lifted up 3.0 to 4.5 mm immediately, and a range of 7.5 to 11.5 mm of augmentation was reached after 3 to 5 days of device activation. X-rays showed that bone mineral density increased, and new bone formed in the distraction area 1 month after distraction. Three months later, the bone mineral density of the distraction area was close to that of the surrounding alveolar bone. Histologic observation showed that collagen bundles initially formed in the distraction region and were followed by @entity730 and osteogenesis. X-rays showed that the implants were well integrated 3 months after implant placement. The implant-bone interface showed bony integration, and there was no significant difference in the implant-bone contact rate between the distraction and control sides. CONCLUSION: The @entity702 - @entity3406 memory alloy distractor can be used successfully to augment the posterior mandibular alveolar ridge of @entity235 . New bone formed between the buccal and lingual periosteal layers. A conventional implant surgical procedure could be performed 3 months later and the desirable implant-bone integration was produced.

title: Primary study of the use of an internal, self-activated shape memory alloy distraction device in the XXXX mandible: alveolar ridge distraction and implant placement.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity3981 ( @entity3981 ) of the @entity788 is a rare @entity5 with an extremely low incidence rate. While the number of reported @entity1 with @entity3981 is relatively small, a long-term survival rate has been noted in @entity1 with neuroendocrine differentiation. A 39-year-old @entity1 visited our emergency department for @entity360 . Endoscopy indicated extrinsic compression of the posterior body of the stomach, together with a large, 10-cm, central @entity1066 covered with @entity39 tissue. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated a lesion that involved the whole of the @entity788 , with a @entity292 in the stomach, which was suspected of being a @entity5 of the @entity788 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the @entity788 was performed, and the results further strengthened our suspicions by demonstrating the presence of @entity5409 and @entity5 buds. A total duodenopancreatectomy, including total splenectomy and gastrectomy, was performed, along with two independent Roux-en-Y anastomoses (one esojejunal and one hepaticojejunal). The @entity5 also had a wide opening in the stomach. The @entity1 's postoperative course was marked by partial @entity715 of the portal vein, which was treated medically. Histopathological examination provided evidence of pancreatic @entity3981 . The diagnosis of @entity3981 should be considered in the presence of cutaneous lesions, which were absent in the case of our @entity1 , and colonoscopy is also highly desirable because of the various forms associated with @entity1412 . The prognosis, which includes a 5-year survival rate of 45%, in the population with an R0 resection is better than that for ductular @entity420 , thus prompting the more aggressive management of this type of @entity5 .

title: XXXX : a rare @entity5 with a particular clinical and paraclinical presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'degenerative intraductal papillary mucinous tumor']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'Acinar cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity3981 :: (MESH:D018267,Disease) :: ['Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: @entity3981 ( @entity3981 ) of the @entity788 is a rare @entity5 with an extremely low incidence rate. While the number of reported @entity1 with @entity3981 is relatively small, a long-term survival rate has been noted in @entity1 with neuroendocrine differentiation. A 39-year-old @entity1 visited our emergency department for @entity360 . Endoscopy indicated extrinsic compression of the posterior body of the stomach, together with a large, 10-cm, central @entity1066 covered with @entity39 tissue. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated a lesion that involved the whole of the @entity788 , with a @entity292 in the stomach, which was suspected of being a @entity5 of the @entity788 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the @entity788 was performed, and the results further strengthened our suspicions by demonstrating the presence of @entity5409 and @entity5 buds. A total duodenopancreatectomy, including total splenectomy and gastrectomy, was performed, along with two independent Roux-en-Y anastomoses (one esojejunal and one hepaticojejunal). The @entity5 also had a wide opening in the stomach. The @entity1 's postoperative course was marked by partial @entity715 of the portal vein, which was treated medically. Histopathological examination provided evidence of pancreatic @entity3981 . The diagnosis of @entity3981 should be considered in the presence of cutaneous lesions, which were absent in the case of our @entity1 , and colonoscopy is also highly desirable because of the various forms associated with @entity1412 . The prognosis, which includes a 5-year survival rate of 45%, in the population with an R0 resection is better than that for ductular @entity420 , thus prompting the more aggressive management of this type of @entity5 .

title: @entity3981 : a rare XXXX with a particular clinical and paraclinical presentation.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: An increase in oxidative chemical modifications of tissue proteins by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) has been implicated in normal aging. @entity2766 (PM), one of the three natural forms of @entity2245 , has been identified as an inhibitor of AGE/ALE products formed during the autoxidation of @entity3363 and peroxidation of lipids. The current study seeks to determine whether PM intervention could prevent the age-related aortic stiffening and vascular resistance through its ability to inhibit the pathogenic cross-linking of glycated collagen. Male Fisher 344 @entity35 at 15 months were treated daily with PM (1 g l(-1) in drinking water) for 5 months and compared with the age-matched, untreated controls at 20 months. Pulsatile aortic pressure and flow signals were measured to perform the vascular impedance analysis. The anti-AGE antibody 6D12 was used to detect glycation-derived modification of aortic collagen, using protein blotting analysis. PM therapy attenuated the age-related increase in total peripheral resistance. An increase in wave transit time and aortic compliance by PM indicated that the drug improved aortic distensibility of the aged vasculature. This paralleled its reduction of AGE-collagen cross-links on aortas. Treatment of the old animals with PM also prevented the age-induced augmentation in vascular load imposed on the heart, as evidenced by an increased wave transit time and a decreased wave reflection factor. These findings suggest a partial role of PM in improving arterial mechanics by targeting the pathogenic formation of AGE-induced aortic collagen cross-links in old @entity35 .

title: XXXX prevents age-related aortic stiffening and vascular resistance in association with reduced collagen glycation.

entities_list: @entity2766 :: ('MESH:D011733', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyridoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity2766 :: (MESH:D011733,Chemical) :: ['Pyridoxamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the discovery of novel inhibitors of @entity5 angiogenesis, protein-based antiangiogenic @entity5 therapy suffers some limitations that antiangiogenic gene therapy could overcome. We investigated whether intra-tumoral electrotransfer of three angiogenic plasmids could inhibit @entity5 growth and @entity3 . METHODS: Plasmids encoding recombinant disintegrin domain of @entity72859 (RDD), @entity39244 ( @entity39244 ), and the soluble isoform of the VEGF receptor 1 ( @entity9842 ) were injected into B16F10 @entity320 -bearing C57BL/6 @entity19 followed by electroporation. @entity5 volume was measured daily using a digital caliper. @entity3 was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence after surgical removal of the primary luciferase-encoding B16F10 @entity5 5 days after intra-tumoral electrotransfer. Markers of vascularization and cell proliferation were quantified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the antiangiogenic plasmids induced a significant inhibition of @entity5 growth, doubling of mean survival time and long-term survivors (   40% vs 0% in control). When the @entity5 was removed by surgery after intra-tumoral plasmid electrotransfer, a significant decrease in @entity5 @entity3 was observed leading to long-term @entity5 -free survival especially after treatment with pRDD plasmid (84% vs 0% in control). Unlike pTSP-1 and psFlt-1, pRDD significantly decreased cell proliferation in B16F10 @entity5 which express avb3 and a5b1 integrins. No effect of antiangiogenic plasmid electrotransfer on normal skin blood flow was detected. CONCLUSION: The intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the three antiangiogenic plasmids is a promising method for the treatment of @entity320 . The plasmid encoding RDD seems to be particularly effective due to its direct antitumoral activity combined with angiogenesis suppression, and its marked inhibition of @entity3 .

title: Antitumoral and antimetastatic effect of antiangiogenic plasmids in B16 @entity320 : Higher efficiency of the recombinant disintegrin domain of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity72859 :: (11490(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ADAM 15']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the discovery of novel inhibitors of @entity5 angiogenesis, protein-based antiangiogenic @entity5 therapy suffers some limitations that antiangiogenic gene therapy could overcome. We investigated whether intra-tumoral electrotransfer of three angiogenic plasmids could inhibit @entity5 growth and @entity3 . METHODS: Plasmids encoding recombinant disintegrin domain of @entity72859 (RDD), @entity39244 ( @entity39244 ), and the soluble isoform of the VEGF receptor 1 ( @entity9842 ) were injected into B16F10 @entity320 -bearing C57BL/6 @entity19 followed by electroporation. @entity5 volume was measured daily using a digital caliper. @entity3 was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence after surgical removal of the primary luciferase-encoding B16F10 @entity5 5 days after intra-tumoral electrotransfer. Markers of vascularization and cell proliferation were quantified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the antiangiogenic plasmids induced a significant inhibition of @entity5 growth, doubling of mean survival time and long-term survivors (   40% vs 0% in control). When the @entity5 was removed by surgery after intra-tumoral plasmid electrotransfer, a significant decrease in @entity5 @entity3 was observed leading to long-term @entity5 -free survival especially after treatment with pRDD plasmid (84% vs 0% in control). Unlike pTSP-1 and psFlt-1, pRDD significantly decreased cell proliferation in B16F10 @entity5 which express avb3 and a5b1 integrins. No effect of antiangiogenic plasmid electrotransfer on normal skin blood flow was detected. CONCLUSION: The intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the three antiangiogenic plasmids is a promising method for the treatment of @entity320 . The plasmid encoding RDD seems to be particularly effective due to its direct antitumoral activity combined with angiogenesis suppression, and its marked inhibition of @entity3 .

title: Antitumoral and antimetastatic effect of antiangiogenic plasmids in B16 XXXX : Higher efficiency of the recombinant disintegrin domain of @entity72859 .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Quantitative imaging methods using high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) offer a means of characterizing biological tissue at the microscopic level. Previously, high-frequency, 3-D quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods were developed to characterize 46 freshly-dissected lymph nodes of @entity14 @entity1 . 3-D ultrasound radiofrequency data were acquired using a 25.6 MHz center-frequency transducer and each node was inked before tissue fixation to recover orientation after sectioning for 3-D histological evaluation. Backscattered echo signals were processed using 3-D cylindrical regions-of-interest (ROIs) to yield four QUS estimates associated with tissue microstructure (i.e., effective scatterer size, acoustic concentration, intercept and slope). These QUS estimates, obtained by parameterizing the backscatter spectrum, showed great potential for @entity5 detection. In the present study, these QUS methods were applied to 112 lymph nodes from 77 colorectal and @entity356 @entity1 . Novel QUS methods parameterizing the envelope statistics of the ROIs using Nakagami and homodyned-K distributions were also developed; they yielded four additional QUS estimates. The ability of these eight QUS estimates to classify lymph nodes and detect @entity5 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. An area under the ROC curve of 0.996 with specificity and sensitivity of 95% were obtained by combining effective scatterer size and one envelope parameter based on the homodyned-K distribution. Therefore, these advanced 3-D QUS methods potentially can be valuable for detecting small metastatic foci in dissected lymph nodes.

title: Three-dimensional high-frequency backscatter and envelope quantification of cancerous XXXX lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal-cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Promoter hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of gene silencing in @entity5 including @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Its affects genes with crucial functions as @entity5 suppressor. METHODS: DNA methylation in the promoter of @entity986 , @entity2529 , @entity1968 receptor b (RARb2), @entity15893 , and @entity5962 genes was investigated in 79 Tunisian @entity1 with @entity356 using methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS: The methylation frequencies vary from 31.6% for @entity986 to 65.8% for RARb2. Hypermethylation of @entity2529 and @entity5962 was associated with @entity5 grade and age (P = 0.04 and 0.034) respectively, while hypermethylation of @entity15893 correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.027). The distribution of the methylated DNA at @entity986 , @entity2529 , and @entity5962 promoters were different in the intestinal and diffuse histotypes of @entity356 according to TNM. Moreover, the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity986 methylated status was shorter than that of @entity1 with the unmethylated status (P log rank = 0.009). On the other hand, the hypermethylation of RARb2 correlated with @entity2247 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: We showed that methylation of @entity986 is predictive of poor prognosis and could be a useful marker. Moreover, the association between RARb2 methylation and @entity2247 expression suggests a functional link between these two proteins in @entity356 .

title: Hypermethylation of @entity5 -related genes in Tunisian @entity1 with XXXX : clinical and biological significance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Promoter hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of gene silencing in @entity5 including @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Its affects genes with crucial functions as @entity5 suppressor. METHODS: DNA methylation in the promoter of @entity986 , @entity2529 , @entity1968 receptor b (RARb2), @entity15893 , and @entity5962 genes was investigated in 79 Tunisian @entity1 with @entity356 using methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS: The methylation frequencies vary from 31.6% for @entity986 to 65.8% for RARb2. Hypermethylation of @entity2529 and @entity5962 was associated with @entity5 grade and age (P = 0.04 and 0.034) respectively, while hypermethylation of @entity15893 correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.027). The distribution of the methylated DNA at @entity986 , @entity2529 , and @entity5962 promoters were different in the intestinal and diffuse histotypes of @entity356 according to TNM. Moreover, the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity986 methylated status was shorter than that of @entity1 with the unmethylated status (P log rank = 0.009). On the other hand, the hypermethylation of RARb2 correlated with @entity2247 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: We showed that methylation of @entity986 is predictive of poor prognosis and could be a useful marker. Moreover, the association between RARb2 methylation and @entity2247 expression suggests a functional link between these two proteins in @entity356 .

title: Hypermethylation of XXXX -related genes in Tunisian @entity1 with @entity356 : clinical and biological significance.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Promoter hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of gene silencing in @entity5 including @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Its affects genes with crucial functions as @entity5 suppressor. METHODS: DNA methylation in the promoter of @entity986 , @entity2529 , @entity1968 receptor b (RARb2), @entity15893 , and @entity5962 genes was investigated in 79 Tunisian @entity1 with @entity356 using methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS: The methylation frequencies vary from 31.6% for @entity986 to 65.8% for RARb2. Hypermethylation of @entity2529 and @entity5962 was associated with @entity5 grade and age (P = 0.04 and 0.034) respectively, while hypermethylation of @entity15893 correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.027). The distribution of the methylated DNA at @entity986 , @entity2529 , and @entity5962 promoters were different in the intestinal and diffuse histotypes of @entity356 according to TNM. Moreover, the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity986 methylated status was shorter than that of @entity1 with the unmethylated status (P log rank = 0.009). On the other hand, the hypermethylation of RARb2 correlated with @entity2247 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: We showed that methylation of @entity986 is predictive of poor prognosis and could be a useful marker. Moreover, the association between RARb2 methylation and @entity2247 expression suggests a functional link between these two proteins in @entity356 .

title: Hypermethylation of @entity5 -related genes in Tunisian XXXX with @entity356 : clinical and biological significance.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: At the Burdenko Institute for Neurosurgery in Moscow, the following methods are used for the demarkation of @entity13 : Beta-radiometry, rheometry = measurement of th electrical resistance of the cerebral tissue, staining of the @entity5 prior to the surgical intervention by means of a Serbinenko catheter, puncture biopsy as well as thermometry. The most frequently used techniques are beta-radiometry and rheometry. The methods are simple in application and the results are reliable. The accuracy of the localisation of a @entity13 by means of beta-radiometry is 98 per cent. For the impedance measurement a frequency of 1000 Hz is used. Liquids show the lowest and @entity82 the highest electrical resistance values. On an average the resistance of @entity5 is half as high as that of the average normal brain tissue. In almost all operations one tries to obtain an information about the extent and position of the @entity11 by means of brain puncture. A special needle probe has been designed to obtain tissue pieces for histological examinations. Experience has also been gained with ultrasonic probing and with temperature measurements of @entity5 and brain tissue. the interior of the @entity5 shows a 0.5 to 3 degrees C higher temperature.

title: [Intraoperative diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral gliomas', 'cerebral glioma']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['cerebral gliomas']