abstract: Recent study demonstrated a close relationship between cerebellum atrophy and symptom severity of pediatric maltreatment-related @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). It has also been known that females are more vulnerable than males in developing @entity148 after exposure to traumatic stress. The mechanisms are unknown. Because cannabinoid receptors (CB    and CB   ) are neuroprotective and highly expressed in the cerebellum, we investigated cerebellar CB expression in stressed @entity35 . Young male and female @entity35 were given 40 unpredictable electric tail-shocks for 2h daily on 3 consecutive days. CB    and CB    mRNA and protein levels in @entity35 cerebellum and brain stem were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant gender and stress effects on cerebellar CB    mRNA expression, with females and non-stressed @entity35 exhibiting higher CB    mRNA levels than the males (3 fold, p<0.01) and stressed @entity35 (30%, p<0.01), respectively. CB    and CB    mRNA levels in brain stem were also greater in female @entity35 than males (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Repeated stress increased the level of phosphorylated CB    receptors, the inactivated CB   , in @entity35 cerebellum (p<0.01), particularly in female @entity35 as revealed by the significant gender   stress interaction. Thus, repeated severe stress caused greater CB    mRNA suppression and CB    receptor phosphorylation in female cerebellum that could lead to increased susceptibility to stress-related @entity148 including @entity1005 .

title: Cannabinoid receptor expression and phosphorylation are differentially regulated between male and female cerebellum and brain stem after repeated stress: implication for XXXX and drug abuse.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) are two approaches in lung-volume reduction surgery (LVRS). This study focused on the two surgical approaches with regard to @entity282 . METHODS: In this prospective, non-randomized study, @entity158 was measured preoperatively and postoperatively using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the brief @entity158 inventory (BPI). Incentive spirometry (IS) assessed restriction of the thoracic cage due to @entity158 . Factors associated with treatment complications, medication usage, hospital stay, operating times, and chest-tube duration differences were examined between groups. RESULTS: Of 85 @entity1 undergoing LVRS, 23 @entity1 underwent reduction via @entity10036 and 62 @entity1 via bilateral VATS. VAS scores revealed no difference in @entity282 except for VAS scores on days 6 (PM) and 7 (PM). BPI scores yielded higher scores in the VATS group on postoperative day (POD) 1 in the reactive dimension, but no other overall differences. @entity10036 @entity1 receiving @entity1340 consumed a higher mean amount than VATS @entity1 on POD 5 and POD 6. IS change from baseline to postoperative were similar between groups, and increased @entity158 correlated with decreased IS scores on @entity773 . Chest-tube duration, complications, and @entity158 medication were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral VATS and @entity10036 offer similar outcomes with regard to @entity282 and complications. These results suggest that the choice of LVRS operative approach should be dependent on disease presentation, surgeon expertise, and @entity1 preference, not based upon differences in perceived @entity282 between @entity10036 and bilateral VATS.

title: Sternotomy or bilateral thoracoscopy: XXXX and postoperative complications after lung-volume reduction surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'median sternotomy']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Background. With modern CT imaging a comprehensive overview of cerebral macro- and microcirculation can be obtained within minutes in acute @entity385 . This opens for @entity1 stratification and individualized treatment. Methods. Four @entity1 with acute @entity385 of different aetiologies and/or treatments were chosen for illustration of the comprehensive CT protocol and its value in subsequent treatment decisions. The @entity1 were clinically evaluated according to the NIHSS-scale, examined with the comprehensive CT protocol including both CT angiography and CT perfusion, and followed up by MRI. Results. The comprehensive CT examination protocol increased the examination time but did not delay treatment initiation. In some cases CT angiography revealed the cause of @entity64 while CT perfusion located and graded the perfusion defect with reasonable accuracy, confirmed by follow-up MR-diffusion. In the presented cases findings of the comprehensive CT examination influenced the treatment strategy. Conclusions. The comprehensive CT examination is a fast and safe method allowing accurate diagnosis and making way for individualized treatment in acute @entity385 .

title: Comprehensive CT Evaluation in Acute XXXX : Impact on Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions.

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: AIM: Assessment of safety and efficacy profile of @entity9853 (DSM) in the alcoholic de-addiction regimen. OBJECTIVES: a. Assessment of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) profile; b. Evaluation of effectiveness of various deaddiction regimen; c. Defaulters and dropouts @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 in a de-addiction center were investigated on 0(th) , 30(th) and 60(th) day along with psychiatric evaluation, @entity137 surveillance was made. Statistical analysis was done thereafter. RESULTS: 125 mg DSM given OD for 2 months. 76.5% @entity1 had taken full course of treatment, 45% didn't complain of any @entity137 . Of @entity137 reported 27.4% had drowsiness, 21.4% tiredness, 7.8% skin manifestation. CONCLUSION: DSM is the main drug among @entity836 , @entity14081 , @entity33479 and other drugs used in alcoholic de-addiction. Relative and effectiveness is lost by the degree of dropouts and hence relapses. Low-dose DSM had decreased adverse effects with 76.5% @entity1 taking the full course of treatment. DSM alters liver functions as there were significant changes in the lab parameters of SGPT(P=0.007), SGOT(P=0.001), GGT(P=<0.001) between first and third samples. Occurrence of @entity137 is not the cause of default; @entity1 find it confusing to differentiate between the symptoms of @entity167 withdrawal and those due to @entity137 of DSM.

title: Status of XXXX in present day alcoholic deaddiction therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9853 :: ('MESH:D004221', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfiram']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse Drug Reaction', 'ADR']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14081 :: ('MESH:C043877', 'Chemical') :: ['acamprosate']

entities_list: @entity33479 :: ('MESH:C038981', 'Chemical') :: ['nalmefene']

answer: @entity9853 :: (MESH:D004221,Chemical) :: ['disulfiram']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes is an important diagnostic tool guiding future therapy. We evaluated the correlation between the AHCPR (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) risk classification and angiographic morphology in @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 (NSTE-ACS). STUDY DESIGN: A total of 163 @entity1 hospitalized with the diagnosis of NSTE-ACS were prospectively enrolled. All the @entity1 underwent AHCPR risk analysis followed by coronary angiography. Based on the AHCPR system, the @entity1 were classified as low (n=25, mean age 55  10 years), intermediate (n=55, mean age 58  10 years), and high (n=83, mean age 61  11 years) risk groups. RESULTS: The three groups were similar with regard to gender, age, and @entity301 risk factors (p>0.05). Comparison of the high-risk group with intermediate+low-risk group with regard to lesion morphology showed significantly higher rates of complex lesions (31.9% vs. 4.0%, p=0.001), total occlusion (23.2% vs. 0%, p=0.001), and intracoronary @entity715 (13% vs. 2%, p=0.02) in the high-risk group. In univariate analysis, high risk was significantly associated with the presence of complex lesion, total occlusion, intracoronary @entity715 , and TIMI flow <III. Of these, only the presence of complex lesion (p=0.005) and TIMI flow <III (p=0.02) were associated with high risk in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the incidence of high-risk coronary morphology is increased in NSTE-ACS @entity1 having a high-risk profile according to the AHCPR classification.

title: Correlation between the AHCPR (Agency For Health Care Policy and Research) risk stratification and angiographic morphology in non-ST-segment elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity439 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity943 . We present a case of @entity1165 originating from an inferobasal @entity1002 . A 25-year-old male @entity1 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity1353 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity591 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity1 suddenly developed @entity891 and @entity1165 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity714 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity1757 closure, during which a @entity439 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity910 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity439 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity1 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ @entity1165 caused by a @entity1002 in a @entity1 with previous surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'ventricular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity439 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity943 . We present a case of @entity1165 originating from an inferobasal @entity1002 . A 25-year-old male @entity1 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity1353 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity591 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity1 suddenly developed @entity891 and @entity1165 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity714 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity1757 closure, during which a @entity439 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity910 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity439 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity1 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ XXXX caused by a @entity1002 in a @entity1 with previous surgery for @entity1757 ].

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity439 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity943 . We present a case of @entity1165 originating from an inferobasal @entity1002 . A 25-year-old male @entity1 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity1353 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity591 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity1 suddenly developed @entity891 and @entity1165 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity714 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity1757 closure, during which a @entity439 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity910 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity439 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity1 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ @entity1165 caused by a XXXX in a @entity1 with previous surgery for @entity1757 ].

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity439 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity943 . We present a case of @entity1165 originating from an inferobasal @entity1002 . A 25-year-old male @entity1 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity1353 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity591 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity1 suddenly developed @entity891 and @entity1165 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity714 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity1757 closure, during which a @entity439 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity910 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity439 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity1 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ @entity1165 caused by a @entity1002 in a XXXX with previous surgery for @entity1757 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical study using @entity1 cadaveric lumbar spines. OBJECTIVES: To determine the strength and stiffness of 3 @entity505 fiber cage designs in axial compression. To assess the effects of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) on vertebral endplate failure with respect to the different cage patterns. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Unilateral transforaminal approaches are gaining popularity compared with posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion. With differences in the inherent strengths of each quadrant of the endplate, the effect of different cage designs and their location on the endplate may affect subsidence and fusion success. METHODS: @entity79 measurements were obtained from 30 @entity1 spinal segments from L3 to L5. Discectomies were performed and cages were placed on the cephalad endplate of each vertebra in 3 configurations: 2 small posterolateral rectangular cages; 1 small anterior banana cage; and 1 small central rectangular cage. Each segment was tested under compression until endplate failure was recorded. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test for the effects of cage design on cage subsidence and endplate failure. Analysis of covariance was conducted to test for the effects of age, @entity79 , and vertebral levels on the failure load and stiffness for each cage design. RESULTS: Cage design was not significant in affecting failure force across the endplate. There were insignificant differences comparing stiffness in compression for the 3 different cage placements patterns. Low @entity79 adversely affected failure force and construct stiffness across all 3 cage patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Cage design and position do not significantly affect failure of the construct or stiffness in compression across the endplate. @entity79 significantly affects both failure forces and stiffness but is not dependent on the positioning or design of the cage.

title: The effects of design and positioning of XXXX fiber lumbar interbody cages and their subsidence in vertebral bodies.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in skull base and microsurgical techniques minimize the need for brain retraction. OBJECTIVE: We studied the impact of such techniques in 36 @entity1 (51 @entity439 ) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Preoperative and 24 hours postoperative MR imaging was performed in @entity1 undergoing microsurgical clipping of @entity438 . Images were evaluated for parenchymal signal changes. During surgery, use and time of brain retraction were recorded. The degree of @entity130 was quantified using a 0 to 3 scale (grade 0 = normal surface; 1 = pial/ @entity16 ; 2 = gray matter injury; 3 = contusion/ @entity39 ). RESULTS: Brain retraction by use of a brain spatula was used in all @entity1 . Retraction times ranged from 14 to 290 minutes (mean, 84.1). Cortical surface changes were grade 0 in 86% and grade 1 in 14%; none showed grade 2 or 3 changes. In the postoperative MRI, 4 @entity1 presented with parenchymal alterations, 4 with @entity4 (11.1%), and 1 @entity1 had additional contusion (2.8%). All lesions were confined to the temporal pole. The grade of cortical surface changes was not related to lesions found on MR imaging. No @entity1 showed retraction-related @entity51 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of evident mechanical parenchymal injury ( @entity1188 or contusion) is very low when appropriate microsurgical and skull base techniques are used. Minor pia- @entity130 should nevertheless continue to be attended through future advances.

title: The impact of minimizing brain retraction in XXXX surgery: evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoidal damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical injury', 'arachnoid injury']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ) has shown potential as an anxiolytic for treatment of generalized and @entity148 . @entity11974 binds to voltage-dependent @entity460 channels, leading to upregulation of @entity1246 inhibitory activity and reduction in the release of various neurotransmitters. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors and @entity1245 attenuate amygdala, insula, and medial prefrontal cortex activation during anticipation and emotional processing in healthy controls. The aim of this study was to examine whether acute @entity11974 administration would attenuate activation in these regions during emotional anticipation. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study, 16 healthy controls completed a paradigm involving anticipation of negative and positive affective images during fMRI approximately 1   h after administration of placebo, 50, or 200   mg @entity11974 . Linear mixed model analysis revealed that @entity11974 was associated with (1) decreases in left amygdala and anterior insula activation and (2) increases in anterior cingulate (ACC) activation, during anticipation of positive and negative stimuli. There was also a region of the anterior amygdala in which @entity11974 dose was associated with increased activation during anticipation of negative and decreased activation during anticipation of positive stimuli. Attenuation of amygdala and insula activation during anticipatory or emotional processing may represent a common regional brain mechanism for anxiolytics across drug classes. @entity11974 induced increases in ACC activation could be a unique effect related to top-down modulation of affective processing. These results provide further support for the viability of using pharmaco-fMRI to determine the anxiolytic potential of pharmacologic agents.

title: XXXX influences insula and amygdala activation during anticipation of emotional images.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['Pregabalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5511 is characterized by scapular maldescent and malposition, causing restriction of shoulder and cervical spine movements. It is associated with a variety of other @entity154 . Various surgical procedures have been described to treat this anomaly with no consensus as to the surgical procedure of choice. We report the results of the Mears procedure in the treatment of @entity5511 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 between the age group of two and six years were treated for @entity5511 , with omovertebral bar, and other @entity154 . The Cavendish score and Rigault radiological score were used to assess the severity of the @entity85 , and the position of the scapula relative to the cervical spine, respectively. The Mears procedure involved scapular osteotomy, par tial scapular excision, and release of a long head of triceps. @entity41537 was done only in two cases to decrease the risk of @entity130 to the brachial plexus. Postoperatively, the @entity1 were immobilized in a shoulder sling and range of motion exercises were started as early as possible. The @entity1 were followed regularly at six weeks, three months and regularly at six-months interval. RESULTS: The mean improvement in flexion and abduction was 45    (40 - 70   ) and 50    (40 - 70   ), respectively, which was the combined glenohumeral and thoracoscapular movement. The cosmetic and functional improvement by this procedure was acceptable to the @entity1 . Minor scar @entity1184 was seen in two cases. CONCLUSION: The Mears procedure gives excellent cosmetic and functional results. This procedure addresses the functional aspect of the @entity85 and is much more acceptable to the @entity1 and parents.

title: Outcome of Mears procedure for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5511 :: ('MESH:C535802', 'Disease') :: ["Sprengel's deformity", "Sprengel's shoulder"]

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity41537 :: ('MESH:C536428', 'Disease') :: ['Clavicular osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traction injury']

answer: @entity5511 :: (MESH:C535802,Disease) :: ['Sprengel's deformity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of BISAP score in finding out the frequency of severity and mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity788 by comparing it with @entity195 . STUDY DESIGN: Crosse-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from April to December 2010. METHODOLOGY: Atotal of 80 @entity1 who presented in emergency with acute @entity788 were included by consecutive non probability sampling technique. Cases of acute @entity788 were classified as mild or severe based on the organ failure criteria and/or local complications according to the Atlanta Symposium. All @entity1 were scored according to both @entity195 and BISAP score. RESULTS: Out of 80 @entity1 , 35 (44%) were males and 45 (56%) were females. The mean age was 46.89    15.75 years. Twenty five @entity1 (31.25%) were classified as severe acute @entity788 and 3 @entity1 (3.75%) had evidence of @entity39 on CT scan. The duration of hospital stay was 1 - 54 days with a mean of 13.12    12.83 days and mortality rate was 5%. The number of @entity1 with a BISAP score of >=  3 was 15 and @entity195 >=  3 was 25. The observed incidence of severe disease stratified by the BISAP score has (p < 0.001) and by @entity195 has (p < 0.001). In regards to mortality, @entity1 having BISAP score >=  3 has p=0.003, while @entity1 having @entity195 >=  3 has p=0.002, both are statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The newly proposed BISAP score is a simple and accurate tool for severity stratification and is equally effective in finding out frequency of severity and in turns mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity788 as @entity195 .

title: Comparison of BISAP Score with Ranson's Score in Determining the Severity of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Ranson's score"]

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vertebral column resection is associated with a risk of @entity1566 . In the present study, using a @entity1237 model, we aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in spinal cord volume and @entity1566 due to spinal shortening, and to quantify the spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height in order to clarify a safe limit for shortening. Vertebral column resection was performed at T10 in 10 @entity1237 . The spinal cord was shortened until the somatosensory-evoked potential was decreased by 50% from the baseline amplitude or delayed by 10% relative to the baseline peak latency. A wake-up test was performed, and the @entity1237 were observed for two days postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the spinal cord volume, T10 height, disc height, @entity1347 , and spinal segment height pre- and postoperatively. Two of the 10 @entity1237 were excluded, and hence, only data from eight @entity1237 were analyzed. The somatosensory-evoked potential of these eight @entity1237 demonstrated meaningful changes. With regard to neurologic function, five and three @entity1237 were classified as Tarlov grades 5 and 4 at two days postoperatively. The mean shortening distance was 23.6    1.51 mm, which correlated with the d-value (post-pre) of the spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height of the osteotomy segment (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) and with the height of the T10 body (r = 0.79, p = 0.02). The mean d-value (post-pre) of the spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height of the osteotomy segment was 142.87    0.59 mm3 (range, 142.19-143.67 mm3). The limit for shortening was approximately 106% of the vertebral height. The mean volumes of the osteotomy and spinal segments did not significantly change after surgery (t = 0.310, p = 0.765 and t = 1.241, p = 0.255, respectively). Thus, our results indicate that the safe limit for shortening can be calculated using the change in spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height.

title: Relationship between Spinal Cord Volume and XXXX due to Spinal Shortening.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy segment height']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT characteristics of newly developed @entity2 on CT studies obtained during follow-up of @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ) before the appearance of identifiable @entity5 to the time of @entity2 and thereafter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample included 66 @entity5 diagnosed in 63 @entity1 with @entity2 (59 @entity1 , four @entity1 ; median age, 64 years; range, 40-85 years) between October 1998 and July 2012. Two radiologists independently reviewed 193 CT scans, determined the earliest presence of @entity5 and @entity16058 , and evaluated @entity5 size, lobar and axial location, shape, and @entity5 density. Delay in clinical diagnosis and doubling time were measured with first and second follow-up CT examinations. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was good (k > 0.77). The median @entity5 size was 17 mm (range, 5-30 mm) for the 46 T1a and 20 T1b @entity5 . Most of the @entity5 (42 [63.6%]) were located in the lower lobes. Thirty-five @entity5 (53.0%) were at the interface between fibrotic cyst and normal lung, and 21 (31.8%) were in the midst of fibrotic @entity358 . Most of the @entity5 had a round or oval shape (52 [78.8%]) and were solid (62 [93.9%]). The median delay in diagnosis was 46 days (range, 8-760 days). The first median doubling time was 77 days (range, 15-525 days), and the second was 53 days (27-248). CONCLUSION: New @entity2 during CT follow-up of @entity16058 usually appear as small solid nodules with a round or oval shape. Most @entity5 are located at the interface between fibrotic cyst and normal lung or in the midst of @entity358 .

title: Evolving Early Lung Cancers Detected During Follow-Up of XXXX : Serial CT Features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonia', 'IIP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['IIP and lung cancer', 'detectable lung cancer', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung cysts', 'fibrotic cysts of the lower lobes of subpleural lung']

answer: @entity16058 :: (MESH:D054988,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated outcomes by @entity5 type in @entity1 who underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity674 ( @entity674 ), @entity1822 , and other @entity242 . METHOD: Our institutional liver database was used to identify @entity1 who underwent resection from 1998 through 2013. Histopathological, clinical, and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six @entity1 underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity674 (n   =   49), @entity1822 (n   =   47), or other @entity242 (n   =   50). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in @entity1 with @entity674 , @entity1822 , and other @entity242 were 55.3, 48.4, and 44.9  %, respectively, and the 10-year OS rates were 52.5, 9.2, and 23.0  %, respectively. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was better for @entity674 (35.7  %; p   =   0.003) than for @entity1822 (3.4  %) and other @entity242 (21.4  %). Lung recurrence was more common for @entity1822 (36  % of @entity1 ; p   <   0.0001) than for other @entity242 (12  %) and @entity674 (2  %). For @entity674 , the findings support a benefit of @entity2213 regarding the 5-year RFS rate compared to resection alone (47.1 vs. 9.5  %; p   =   0.013). For @entity1822 , @entity5 location did not affect the 5-year RFS rate (intraabdominal 14.5  %; other location 0  %; p   =   0.182). CONCLUSION: Liver metastases from @entity674 , @entity1822 , and other @entity242 should be assessed separately as their survival and recurrence patterns are different. This is especially important for @entity674 , for which @entity2213 is now available.

title: Survival After Resection of Gastrointestinal XXXX and Sarcoma Liver Metastases in 146 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stromal Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated outcomes by @entity5 type in @entity1 who underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity674 ( @entity674 ), @entity1822 , and other @entity242 . METHOD: Our institutional liver database was used to identify @entity1 who underwent resection from 1998 through 2013. Histopathological, clinical, and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six @entity1 underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity674 (n   =   49), @entity1822 (n   =   47), or other @entity242 (n   =   50). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in @entity1 with @entity674 , @entity1822 , and other @entity242 were 55.3, 48.4, and 44.9  %, respectively, and the 10-year OS rates were 52.5, 9.2, and 23.0  %, respectively. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was better for @entity674 (35.7  %; p   =   0.003) than for @entity1822 (3.4  %) and other @entity242 (21.4  %). Lung recurrence was more common for @entity1822 (36  % of @entity1 ; p   <   0.0001) than for other @entity242 (12  %) and @entity674 (2  %). For @entity674 , the findings support a benefit of @entity2213 regarding the 5-year RFS rate compared to resection alone (47.1 vs. 9.5  %; p   =   0.013). For @entity1822 , @entity5 location did not affect the 5-year RFS rate (intraabdominal 14.5  %; other location 0  %; p   =   0.182). CONCLUSION: Liver metastases from @entity674 , @entity1822 , and other @entity242 should be assessed separately as their survival and recurrence patterns are different. This is especially important for @entity674 , for which @entity2213 is now available.

title: Survival After Resection of Gastrointestinal @entity5 and Sarcoma Liver Metastases in 146 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope (MPTS, @entity39842 ) in @entity1 with acutely ruptured ACL on the menisci. It was hypothesized that medial and lateral meniscus lesions are seen more often with high PTS (posterior tibial slope). We hypothesized that in case of a high tibial slope a possible @entity75 is more often located in the posterior horn of the meniscus than in knees with a low tibial slope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 537 @entity1 with ACL insufficiency between 2012 and 2013. Of these, 71 @entity1 were eligible for the study according to the study's criteria. PTS was measured via MRI and classified into two groups: >10   for high tibial slope and  <=10   for low tibial slope. Any @entity75 was documented during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and evaluated regarding @entity75 patterns with high and low PTS, taking into account the type and the location of the tear (anterior horn, intermediate part and posterior horn). Statistical analysis for differences in @entity75 was performed using Chi-square tests and McNemar tests for dependent variables. The level of significance was set at p   <=  0.05. RESULTS: High PTS (MPTS and @entity39842 ) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity75 with an odds ratio of 2.11, respectively, 3.44; however, no statistical significance was found. Among the total number of @entity1887 knees studied, the @entity75 spread more often to the posterior part in the group with a low PTS. In contrast, less damage of the posterior horn of the meniscus could be found in the group with a high PTS. CONCLUSION: High PTS seems to predetermine for @entity75 in an acute @entity1887 knee. More damage to the posterior part of the menisci could generally be seen but was not associated with a high PTS. There was no statistical significance to support the initial hypothesis. Further research is needed to find out if factors other than tibial slope are risk factors for @entity75 in acute @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: The effect of tibial slope in acute XXXX @entity1 on concurrent meniscal tears.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions', 'meniscal lesion', 'meniscus lesion']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-insufficient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['ACL-insufficient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope (MPTS, @entity39842 ) in @entity1 with acutely ruptured ACL on the menisci. It was hypothesized that medial and lateral meniscus lesions are seen more often with high PTS (posterior tibial slope). We hypothesized that in case of a high tibial slope a possible @entity75 is more often located in the posterior horn of the meniscus than in knees with a low tibial slope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 537 @entity1 with ACL insufficiency between 2012 and 2013. Of these, 71 @entity1 were eligible for the study according to the study's criteria. PTS was measured via MRI and classified into two groups: >10   for high tibial slope and  <=10   for low tibial slope. Any @entity75 was documented during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and evaluated regarding @entity75 patterns with high and low PTS, taking into account the type and the location of the tear (anterior horn, intermediate part and posterior horn). Statistical analysis for differences in @entity75 was performed using Chi-square tests and McNemar tests for dependent variables. The level of significance was set at p   <=  0.05. RESULTS: High PTS (MPTS and @entity39842 ) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity75 with an odds ratio of 2.11, respectively, 3.44; however, no statistical significance was found. Among the total number of @entity1887 knees studied, the @entity75 spread more often to the posterior part in the group with a low PTS. In contrast, less damage of the posterior horn of the meniscus could be found in the group with a high PTS. CONCLUSION: High PTS seems to predetermine for @entity75 in an acute @entity1887 knee. More damage to the posterior part of the menisci could generally be seen but was not associated with a high PTS. There was no statistical significance to support the initial hypothesis. Further research is needed to find out if factors other than tibial slope are risk factors for @entity75 in acute @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: The effect of tibial slope in acute @entity1887 XXXX on concurrent meniscal tears.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate our technique of thyroid fine-needle @entity1173 cytology (FNAC), its limitations and means of improvement by comparing our results with those of literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thyroid FNAC results from 117 consecutive @entity1 (May 2006 to July 2007) were categorized into four groups: benign, with suspected @entity5 , malignant and unrepresentative. The FNAC results were compared with histopathologic analysis after thyroidectomy. RESULTS: All "benign" and "malignant" FNAC findings were confirmed on final histology. All "suspect" FNAC findings were benign on histology. Cytological diagnosis of @entity5 was consistent with histological examination in all cases. Sensitivity was 100% (no false negatives), specificity 67% (28% false positives), positive predictive value 72% and negative predictive value 100%. There was a significant difference in the proportion of "unrepresentative" results between two of the operators performing @entity1173 (51% versus 29.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The main pitfall of FNAC in thyroid pathology is the "suspect" category, for which positive diagnosis is founded on histological criteria alone. The second limitation identified in this study was the high number of "unrepresentative" aspirates. However, the technique remains useful.

title: Interest of fine-needle XXXX cytology in thyroid nodule.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Norovirus continues to pose a significant burden on cruise ships, causing an average of 27 confirmed outbreaks annually over the past 5 years. In January 2009, the report of a suspected norovirus outbreak among passengers on a cruise @entity2708 prompted an investigation. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study among passengers was conducted on board the @entity2708 . Questionnaires about health care-seeking behaviors, hygiene practices, and possible norovirus exposures were placed in every cabin. Stool samples from several ill passengers were tested for norovirus by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and confirmed by sequence analysis. RESULTS: Of 1842 passengers, 1532 (83.2%) returned questionnaires, and 236 (15.4% of @entity1 ) met the case definition. Of these, 95 (40%) did not report to the infirmary. Case passengers were significantly more likely to have an ill cabin mate (relative risk [RR] = 3.0; P < .01) and to have witnessed @entity391 during boarding (RR = 2.8; P = .01). Over 90% of all passengers reported increased hand hygiene practices following the outbreak; 38% of ill passengers and 11% of well passengers decreased participation in public activities. Of 14 samples tested, 12 were positive for norovirus by RT-qPCR; 5 of these were confirmed by sequence analysis and typed as GII.4 Minerva. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission, including an incident of @entity391 during boarding, likely contributed to this high morbidity outbreak. Infirmary surveillance detected only 60% of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) cases involved in this outbreak. Adjustments to outbreak reporting thresholds may be needed to account for incomplete @entity697 reporting and to more rapidly implement control measures.

title: Disease transmission and passenger behaviors during a high morbidity Norovirus outbreak on a cruise XXXX , January 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Person', 'person']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['public vomiting', 'vomiting']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'voluntary AGE', 'AGE']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Gene) :: ['ship']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examined the association between @entity910 ( @entity910 ) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among the @entity6 at the primary care level. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was the main independent variable and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief the dependent variable. Besides socio-demographic data, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity308 ( @entity308 ) were included as covariates. Independent association between the MMAS score and HRQoL was done using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' response rate was 93.1  % (700/752). Majorities were female (52.8  %), Malay (52.9  %) and married (79.1  %). The mean (SD) for age and the MMAS score was 56.9 (10.18) and 5.6 (1.42), respectively. MMAS total score correlated significantly with all HRQoL domains: overall QoL (OQoL) (r  =  0.17), physical QoL (r  =  0.11), psychological QoL (r  =  0.10), social relationship QoL (r  =  0.15) and environmental QoL (EQoL) (r  =  0.18). After adjustment for covariates (age, gender, ethnicity, religion, education, income, exercise, @entity532 , @entity6 and @entity308 ), @entity910 had persistent effects on OQoL (B  =  0.53, 95  % CI 0.012-1.048) and EQoL (B  =  0.95, 95  % CI 0.235-1.667). CONCLUSION: @entity910 showed prevalent correlation and positive effects on the domains of HRQoL. Despite the small effects of @entity910 on HRQoL, the sheer presence of the independent effects provides healthcare providers good reason for initiative and intervention to improve @entity910 , which would improve quality of life.

title: Medication adherence on quality of life among adults with XXXX : an exploratory analysis on the EDDMQoL study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['DS', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['adult type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'DRD', 'diabetes-related distress']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['MA', 'medication adherence']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity740 is promoted by a variety of factors that induce @entity32 and @entity82 . @entity32 and excessive scaring have been recently associated with disruptions of the gap junction-mediated intercellular communication. Nevertheless, little is known about alterations of the expression of gap junction proteins such as connexin (Cx) 43 and 37 in @entity740 . In this study, we investigated the expression of these two Cxs in the @entity101 RenTg mice, the anti-glomerular basement membrane @entity631 , and the unilateral @entity1695 models, all leading to the development of @entity740 in @entity19 . Expression of @entity16899 was almost negligible in the renal cortex of control @entity19 . In contrast, @entity16899 was markedly increased in the endothelium of peritubular and glomerular capillaries of the 3-mo-old RenTg @entity19 , in the glomeruli of @entity19 suffering from @entity631 , and in the tubules after obstructive @entity8 . The @entity16899 expression pattern was paralleled closely by that of the adhesion markers such as @entity44470 as well as the inflammatory biomarker @entity1750 . In contrast, @entity43173 that was abundantly expressed in the renal cortex of healthy @entity19 was markedly decreased in the three experimental models. Interestingly, @entity16899 +/- @entity19 showed restricted expression of @entity6580 after 2 wk of obstructive @entity8 . These findings suggest the importance of Cxs as markers of @entity740 and indicate that these proteins may participate in the inflammatory process during the development of this pathology.

title: Alteration of connexin expression is an early signal for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'chronic renal disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity44470 :: ('22329;15894', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Platelets contain unspliced heteronuclear @entity1356 RNA, which is rapidly spliced and translated upon activation. @entity558 is a superior agonist for this atypical platelet response, but how @entity558 induces proinflammatory cytokine production in anucleate cells lacking NF-kB is unknown. Platelets express functional @entity2939 , and stimulation by @entity558 induced rapid splicing, translation, and secretion of mature @entity1356 after @entity9302 processing. @entity558 stimulated microparticle shedding, and secreted @entity1356 was exclusively present in these particles. Microparticles from @entity558 -stimulated platelets induced @entity4725 production by cultured @entity1 endothelial cells, and blockade of endothelial @entity1356 receptor with @entity1193 completely suppressed endothelial activation. Splicing was posttranscriptional as the SR kinase inhibitor @entity47529 blocked @entity1356 RNA production by platelets, but not by monocytes, and was dependent on exogenous @entity5750 --a property of platelets. We used a combination of small-molecule inhibitors, cell-penetrating chimeric peptide inhibitors, and gene-targeted animals to show splicing required @entity4100 and @entity23983 , and @entity4101 /4, @entity584 , and JNK phosphorylation and activation. @entity10151 couples @entity4100 to the @entity584 pathway and, remarkably, a @entity10151 interacting peptide-antennapedia chimera was more effective than @entity558 in stimulating @entity1356 splicing. The @entity10151 chimera did not, however, stimulate microparticle shedding, nor was @entity1356 released. We conclude @entity558 -induced kinase cascades are sufficient to alter cellular responses, that three signals emanate from platelet @entity2939 , and that @entity584 and JNK activation are sufficient to initiate posttranscriptional splicing while another event couples microparticle shedding to @entity2939 activation. Platelets contribute to the inflammatory response to @entity558 through production of microparticles that promote endothelial cell activation.

title: Lipopolysaccharide signaling without a nucleus: kinase cascades stimulate platelet shedding of proinflammatory XXXX -rich microparticles.

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Short-term administration of @entity11485 to experimental animals causes @entity409 and @entity879 ( @entity879 ), as well as @entity810 in some cases. The aim of our study was to describe @entity8 that developed in the course of @entity11485 -induced @entity1578 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity35 were randomly divided into 2 groups: a study group administered @entity11485 intraperitoneally and a control group administered saline. RESULTS: All the animals in the study group developed @entity409 and failure within 48 h, with significant increase of @entity3929 (p<0.001), @entity5906 aminotransferases (p<0.0001), @entity648 (p<0.004), and @entity3265 (p<0.005) and decrease of albumin (p<0.001) concentrations. @entity810 was observed in all test animals, with a significant increase in @entity1011 (p<0.001) and @entity1133 (p<0.001) concentrations and a decrease in @entity1011 clearance (p<0.0012). Moreover, osmotic clearance (p<0.001), daily natriuresis (p<0.003), and fractional @entity1372 excretion (p<0.016) decreased significantly in this group of animals. The ratio of urine osmolality to serum osmolality did not change. Histopathology of the liver revealed @entity11659 , whereas renal histopathology showed no changes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity810 that developed in the course of @entity11485 -induced @entity879 was of a functional nature, with the kidneys retaining the ability to concentrate urine and retain @entity1372 , and there were no renal changes in the histopathological examination. It seems that the experimental model of @entity879 induced by @entity11485 can be viewed as a model of @entity3182 that occurs in the course of @entity879 .

title: D-Galactosamine Intoxication in Experimental Animals: Is it Only an Experimental Model of Acute XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disorders']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11485 :: ('MESH:D005688', 'Chemical') :: ['Galactosamine', 'galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure', 'acute damage and liver failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity11659 :: ('MESH:D047508', 'Disease') :: ['massive necrosis of hepatocytes']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['Liver Failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity75 is an uncommon but important cause of @entity360 in which @entity548 occurs from a pinpoint, @entity455 . DLs are usually located in the stomach, most commonly in @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 70 years. In this report, we describe a teenage @entity1 with an unusual presentation of a @entity548 duodenal @entity75 that resembled the @entity9317 . CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old Pakistani @entity1 presented to our emergency department with hematemesis of 6 hours' duration. Her past medical history was unremarkable. A nasogastric aspirate was negative for blood. The @entity1 's hemoglobin was found to be 4g/dl. She was resuscitated with intravenous fluids and blood transfusion. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, which revealed swelling in the first part of the duodenum, the initial appearance of which suggested that it was an abnormally placed or accessory papilla. There was a small, <3-mm opening on the lesion that resembled the biliary or pancreatic orifice. On gentle manipulation with a catheter, blood spurted from the swelling area, and a vessel was visible. Adrenaline was used for hemostasis. After hemostasis was achieved, it became clear that the lesion was most consistent with a @entity75 and not a papilla. Band ligation was then performed, and the @entity1 did not develop any complications and did not have any further episodes of @entity548 . The @entity1 was eventually discharged to home in stable condition. CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights the importance of considering a DL as a cause of small-bowel @entity548 and recognizing its potential resemblance to the papilla. Although the endoscopic diagnostic criteria for a @entity75 have been described in great detail, there is a paucity of literature describing a @entity75 or a similar lesion resembling the @entity9317 .

title: Bleeding " XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['non-ulcerated arterial lesion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["Dieulafoy's lesion", "Dieulafoy's-like lesion"]

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal papilla']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Dieulafoy's-like" lesion resembling the duodenal papilla']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The societal economic @entity4091 in Sweden is not well described today. This study is a top-down analysis of Swedish registers with the objective to describe the @entity4091 and @entity9 in Sweden during 2011. METHODS: Data for inpatient care; outpatient primary and specialized cares; the prescriptions of drugs, sick leave and the number or diagnostic tests were collected from Swedish national databases. The incidence of the disease was estimated based on the number of prescriptions of antiviral drugs. RESULTS: The incidence of herpes zoster was estimated to 315 and 577 cases per 100,000 @entity1 for @entity1 at all ages and   >   = 50 years, respectively. Almost 30,000 @entity1 at all ages were diagnosed with herpes zoster and the societal cost to treat these @entity1 , including the cost to treat those @entity1 who later developed @entity9 , added up to nearly 227 MSEK (31.6 M   ) which corresponds to 7,600 SEK (   870) per @entity1 . The main contributors to the total cost for the treatment of HZ @entity1 were primary care (43 %); sick leave (28 %); hospitalization (10 %) and specialist care (7 %). Medication was a relatively small contributor with 8.5 MSEK (4 %; 1.0 M   ) to the overall costs for @entity1 at all ages. The corresponding total cost including only @entity1 50 years and older was 168 MSEK (19.2 M   ) or 8,200 SEK (   939) per @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates that the @entity4091 is significant in Sweden. The society, the health care payers and the @entity1 potentially have a lot to gain by introducing a vaccination program to @entity1 50 years and older and as a consequence reduce the economic and clinical @entity4091 and @entity9 .

title: @entity4091 and XXXX in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['post-herpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['burden of herpes zoster']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['post-herpetic neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The societal economic @entity4091 in Sweden is not well described today. This study is a top-down analysis of Swedish registers with the objective to describe the @entity4091 and @entity9 in Sweden during 2011. METHODS: Data for inpatient care; outpatient primary and specialized cares; the prescriptions of drugs, sick leave and the number or diagnostic tests were collected from Swedish national databases. The incidence of the disease was estimated based on the number of prescriptions of antiviral drugs. RESULTS: The incidence of herpes zoster was estimated to 315 and 577 cases per 100,000 @entity1 for @entity1 at all ages and   >   = 50 years, respectively. Almost 30,000 @entity1 at all ages were diagnosed with herpes zoster and the societal cost to treat these @entity1 , including the cost to treat those @entity1 who later developed @entity9 , added up to nearly 227 MSEK (31.6 M   ) which corresponds to 7,600 SEK (   870) per @entity1 . The main contributors to the total cost for the treatment of HZ @entity1 were primary care (43 %); sick leave (28 %); hospitalization (10 %) and specialist care (7 %). Medication was a relatively small contributor with 8.5 MSEK (4 %; 1.0 M   ) to the overall costs for @entity1 at all ages. The corresponding total cost including only @entity1 50 years and older was 168 MSEK (19.2 M   ) or 8,200 SEK (   939) per @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates that the @entity4091 is significant in Sweden. The society, the health care payers and the @entity1 potentially have a lot to gain by introducing a vaccination program to @entity1 50 years and older and as a consequence reduce the economic and clinical @entity4091 and @entity9 .

title: XXXX and @entity9 in Sweden.

answer: @entity4091 :: (MESH:D006562,Disease) :: ['Burden of herpes zoster']


abstract: A computer-aided decision system (CADS) based on ontology in pediatric orthopedics was developed to assess, without assumptions performed, the @entity853 of lower limbs. The CADS consists of four components. The first component is a diagnosis-based ontology, called Ontologie du Syst  me Musculosquelettique des Membres Inf  rieurs (OSMMI). The second component is a database for collecting clinical observations, e.g., the birth classification of the @entity85 . The third component uses statistical methods (principal component analysis and decision tree) for constructing an approach to evaluate new issues. The last component is an interactive module for managing the interaction between @entity1 , experts, and the due CADS. Our system has been validated clinically with the real @entity1 data obtained from the @entity1 Surgery Service in the hospital of Robert Debr   in Paris. Our CADS is a good solution to compare the studies of the @entity85 before and after the treatment using a universally scoring system. The assessment, conservative treatment, and monitoring were set up. Our system was developed to allow a better assessment for improving the knowledge and thus the evaluation and treatment of the musculoskeletal pathologies, e.g., the @entity85 .

title: Computer-aided decision system for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['clubfeet deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['clubfeet deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The last decade of @entity130 care has emphasized the role of blood products in the resuscitation of @entity548 @entity1 . Damage-control resuscitation advocates decreased crystalloid use and reintroduces blood components as primary resuscitative fluids. The systematic use of blood products have been described in military settings, but reports describing the use of @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) or red blood cells (RBCs) in civilian prehospital care are few. We describe our preliminary results after implementing RBCs and @entity8450 into our @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: We collected data on the use of @entity8450 (LyoPlas N-w (AB)) during a 12-month period from May 31, 2013, to May 30, 2014, before RBC (0Rh (D) negative) introduction in June 2014. @entity8450 and RBCs were indicated in @entity130 and medical @entity1 presenting with clinical significant @entity548 on scene. Data were obtained from @entity341 registry and @entity1 records. RESULTS: Our preliminary results show that @entity8450 was used in 16 @entity1 (88% males) during the first year. Main @entity1 categories were @entity130 (n = 5), penetrating @entity130 (n = 4), and nontrauma (n = 7). Ten @entity1 (62%) were @entity551 with systolic blood pressures less than 90 mm Hg on scene. The majority (75%) received tranexamic acid. Of 14 @entity1 admitted to the hospital, 11 received emergency surgery and 8 needed additional transfusions within the first 24 hours. No transfusion-related complications were recorded. Two of the @entity8450 @entity1 died on scene, and the remaining 14 @entity1 were alive after 30 days. Early results from the recent introduction of RBC show that RBCs were given to four @entity1 . Two @entity1 (one penetrating @entity130 and one @entity130 @entity1 ) died on scene because of exsanguination, while additional two @entity1 (one @entity130 @entity1 and one with @entity1755 ) survived to hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Our small study indicates that introduction of @entity8450 into civilian @entity341 seems feasible and may be safe and that logistical and safety issues for the implementation of RBCs are solvable. @entity8450 ensures both coagulation factors and volume replacement, has a potentially favorable safety profile, and may be superior to other types of plasma for prehospital use. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of @entity8450 (and RBCs) in civilian @entity548 resuscitation and to aid the development of standardized protocols for prehospital use of blood products. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level V.

title: Freeze dried plasma and fresh red blood cells for civilian XXXX resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['prehospital hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhaging', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aortic aneurism']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Helicopter Emergency Medical Service', 'HEMS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['freeze dried plasma', 'FDP']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['military trauma', 'blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['prehospital hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have been developed to implement damage control resuscitation (DCR) principles. A survey of MTP policies from American College of Surgeons @entity130 Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) @entity1 was performed to establish which MTP activation, hemostatic resuscitation, and monitoring aspects of DCR are included in the MTP guidelines. METHODS: On October 10, 2013, ACS-TQIP administration administered a cross-sectional electronic survey to 187 ACS-TQIP @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventy-one percent (132 of 187) of responses were analyzed, with 62% designated as Level I and 38% designated as Level II ACS-TQIP @entity130 centers. Sixty-nine percent of sites indicated that they have plasma immediately available for MTP activation. By policy, in the first group of blood products administered, 88% of sites target high (>= 1:2) plasma-to-red blood cell (RBC) ratios and 10% target low ratios. Likewise, 79% of sites target high platelet-to-RBC ratios and 16% target low ratios. Eighteen percent of sites reported incorporating point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies. The most common intravenous hemostatic adjunct incorporated into MTPs was tranexamic acid (49%). Thirty-four percent of sites reported that some or all of their emergency medical service agencies have the ability to administer blood products or hemostatic agents during prehospital transport. There were minimal differences in MTP policies or capabilities between Level I and II sites. CONCLUSION: The majority of ACS-TQIP @entity1 reported having MTPs that support the use of DCR principles including high plasma-to-RBC and platelet-to-RBC ratios. Immediate availability of plasma and product use by emergency medical services are becoming increasingly common, whereas the incorporation of point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies remains low.

title: Massive transfusion policies at @entity130 centers participating in the American College of Surgeons XXXX Quality Improvement Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have been developed to implement damage control resuscitation (DCR) principles. A survey of MTP policies from American College of Surgeons @entity130 Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) @entity1 was performed to establish which MTP activation, hemostatic resuscitation, and monitoring aspects of DCR are included in the MTP guidelines. METHODS: On October 10, 2013, ACS-TQIP administration administered a cross-sectional electronic survey to 187 ACS-TQIP @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventy-one percent (132 of 187) of responses were analyzed, with 62% designated as Level I and 38% designated as Level II ACS-TQIP @entity130 centers. Sixty-nine percent of sites indicated that they have plasma immediately available for MTP activation. By policy, in the first group of blood products administered, 88% of sites target high (>= 1:2) plasma-to-red blood cell (RBC) ratios and 10% target low ratios. Likewise, 79% of sites target high platelet-to-RBC ratios and 16% target low ratios. Eighteen percent of sites reported incorporating point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies. The most common intravenous hemostatic adjunct incorporated into MTPs was tranexamic acid (49%). Thirty-four percent of sites reported that some or all of their emergency medical service agencies have the ability to administer blood products or hemostatic agents during prehospital transport. There were minimal differences in MTP policies or capabilities between Level I and II sites. CONCLUSION: The majority of ACS-TQIP @entity1 reported having MTPs that support the use of DCR principles including high plasma-to-RBC and platelet-to-RBC ratios. Immediate availability of plasma and product use by emergency medical services are becoming increasingly common, whereas the incorporation of point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies remains low.

title: Massive transfusion policies at XXXX centers participating in the American College of Surgeons @entity130 Quality Improvement Program.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role as a host defense against microbial pathogens and are key components of the @entity1 innate immune response. @entity3631 frequently colonizes the @entity1 nasopharynx as a commensal but also is a worldwide cause of @entity693 and rapidly fatal @entity295 . In the @entity1 respiratory tract, the only known reservoir of @entity3631 , meningococci are exposed to @entity1 endogenous AMPs. Thus, it is not surprising that meningococci have evolved effective mechanisms to confer intrinsic and high levels of resistance to the action of AMPs. This article reviews the current knowledge about @entity8582 resistance mechanisms employed by @entity3631 . Two major resistance mechanisms employed by meningococci are the constitutive modification of the lipid A head groups of lipooligosaccharides by @entity2230 and the active efflux pump mediated excretion of AMPs. Other factors influencing @entity8582 resistance, such as the major porin PorB, the pilin biogenesis apparatus, and capsular polysaccharides, have also been identified. Even with an inherently high intrinsic resistance, several @entity8582 resistance determinants can be further induced upon exposure to @entity8582 s. Many well-characterized @entity8582 resistance mechanisms in other Gram-negative bacteria are not found in meningococci. Thus, @entity3631 utilizes a limited but highly effective set of molecular mechanisms to mediate antimicrobial peptide resistance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides.

title: Antimicrobial peptide resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2230 :: ('MESH:C005448', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis', 'N. meningitidis']

answer: @entity3631 :: (487,Species) :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral instrumented in two-level @entity179 after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF). METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 74 @entity1 , who underwent unilateral or bilateral instrumented in two-level MITLIF for @entity179 from May 2010 to June 2012. There were 35 @entity1 in group A undergoing unilateral pedicle screw fixation and 39 @entity1 in group B undergoing bilateral pedicle screw fixation. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups before surgery. Perioperative data, clinical and radiological outcomes of the two groups were also compared. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 32.1      7.5  months for group A and 31.7      8.0  months for group B (p  >  0.05). Group A required a significantly shorter operating time, lower implant costs and less intraoperative @entity190 and X-ray exposure time than group B (p  <  0.01). However, no statistical differences were identified in the amount of transfusion and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (p  >  0.05). Clinical outcomes assessed by visual analog scores for back and leg @entity158 (VAS-BP and VAS-LP, respectively) and @entity717 Index (ODI) improved significantly in both groups after surgery, and no significant differences existed between the two groups at each postoperative follow-up (p  >  0.05). There were significant differences within groups for Cobb angles of the whole lumbar [Cobb (a)] and the @entity1515 at each time point before and after surgery (p  <  0.05). No significant differences existed between groups in relation to Cobb (a), Cobb angle of the fused segments, lumbar @entity1515 and the segmental @entity1515 at any time point before and after surgery (p  >  0.05). There were no significant differences in fusion rate and total complication rate between the two groups (p  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral instrumentation after two-level MITLIF provided similar clinical and radiological outcomes to bilateral fixation in two-level @entity179 . Compared with bilateral fixation, unilateral fixation shortens operation time, reduces intra-operative @entity190 and X-ray exposure time, and saves medical expenses with similar postoperative hospital stay and complication rate.

title: Clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral instrumentation in two-level XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'whole lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity5 was recently categorized as a @entity5 due to its possibility of @entity3 . This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and the metastatic rate of @entity14 . METHODS: Charts were reviewed for 502 @entity1 diagnosed with and treated for @entity14 between January 2006 and December 2009. The location, size, depth and metastatic status of the @entity5 were collected. RESULTS: Including 24 @entity5 from 12 @entity1 , 514 @entity5 were removed. Most of them were found in the rectum (97.3%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.38 to 1, and mean age was 50.2    11.4 years. The mean @entity5 size was 5.8    3.6 mm. Less than 10-mm-sized @entity5 had a 1.95% lymph node metastatic rate; @entity5 with sizes from 10 mm to 20 mm and larger than 20 mm had 23.5% and 50% lymph node metastatic rates, respectively. Two cases had distant @entity3 ; one with a 22-mm-sized @entity5 metastasized to the liver, and the other with a 20-mm-sized @entity5 metastasized to the peritoneum. Among 414 @entity1 who completed metastatic studies, 93.8% were classified as stage I, 0.9% as stage II, 4.8% as stage III and 0.5% as stage IV. CONCLUSION: @entity14 smaller than 10 mm have a low rate of lymph node @entity3 , but those sized 10 mm or larger incur significant risk. Further investigation regarding additional risk factors should be done to develop proper treatment guidelines for these @entity5 .

title: Clinical characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous tumors', 'tumor', 'malignant disease', 'carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoid tumors', 'Colorectal carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoid tumors']


abstract: Craving for @entity286 is a major challenge for @entity1 with @entity17378 ( @entity17378 ) who try to quit smoking. Galanin (GAL) and its receptors (GALRs) can alter addiction-related behaviors and are therefore good candidates for modulators of behavioral parameters associated with smoking. We performed a genetic association study in 486 subjects (432 European American, EA) recruited for smoking cessation trials. Twenty-six candidate genes for @entity17378 -related phenotypes were selected based on the literature. Subjects were assessed using the @entity3347 ( @entity3347 ), which included a specific item for craving, the Fagerstr  m Scale of Nicotine @entity734 (FTND), and other @entity17378 -related instruments. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GALR1, @entity44980 , significantly associated with severity of craving in EA samples (p=6.48 * 10(-6)) and in the combined sample (p=9.23 * 10(-6)). Individuals with TT and TC genotypes had significantly higher craving scores than CC subjects. We also observed that SNPs in the CHRNA5 locus, @entity48380 and @entity72982 , which have been associated with @entity17378 -related phenotypes in previous studies, were nominally associated with FTND scores, although these results did not meet Bonferroni-adjusted criteria for experiment-wide significance. Our findings suggest that variation at GALR1 associates with differences in the severity of past craving for @entity286 among smokers motivated to quit. Taken together with preclinical evidence, these results, if replicated, suggest that GAL and GALRs may be useful therapeutic targets for the pharmacological treatment of @entity17378 . Our results also confirm previously reported associations between variation at CHRNA5 and @entity17378 .

title: The galanin receptor 1 gene associates with XXXX craving in smokers seeking cessation treatment.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['MWS', 'Minnesota Withdrawal Scale']

entities_list: @entity17378 :: ('MESH:D014029', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'nicotine dependence']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore associations between specific @entity4207 with @entity73 ( @entity5545 ) and @entity854 in @entity1 aged 7 to 9 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was performed on cohort study data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 . Reading impairment was defined according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fifth Edition criteria. @entity1 who achieved >2 SD below the mean in the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability Scale II and level <4 in nonmathematical national key stage 2 tests were defined as having severe @entity73 (SRI). @entity1 with @entity1939 or IQ <70 were excluded. RESULTS: Data were available for 5822 @entity1 , of whom 172 (3%) met the criteria for SRI. No association was found between SRI and strabismus, motor fusion, sensory fusion at a distance, @entity2516 , @entity4457 , convergence, accommodation, or contrast sensitivity. @entity3002 at near were mildly higher in @entity1 with SRI compared with their peers (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .08), as were @entity1 with stereoacuity worse than 60 seconds/arc (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Four of every 5 @entity1 with SRI had normal ophthalmic function in each test used. A small minority of @entity1 displayed @entity154 in stereoacuity or fusion of near targets. The slight excess of these @entity1 among those with SRI may be a result of their @entity73 or may be unrelated. We found no evidence that vision-based treatments would be useful to help @entity1 with SRI.

title: XXXX and @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['minor anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['reading impairment', 'impairment in reading']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities in sensory fusion']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disorder']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Ophthalmic abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore associations between specific @entity4207 with @entity73 ( @entity5545 ) and @entity854 in @entity1 aged 7 to 9 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was performed on cohort study data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 . Reading impairment was defined according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fifth Edition criteria. @entity1 who achieved >2 SD below the mean in the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability Scale II and level <4 in nonmathematical national key stage 2 tests were defined as having severe @entity73 (SRI). @entity1 with @entity1939 or IQ <70 were excluded. RESULTS: Data were available for 5822 @entity1 , of whom 172 (3%) met the criteria for SRI. No association was found between SRI and strabismus, motor fusion, sensory fusion at a distance, @entity2516 , @entity4457 , convergence, accommodation, or contrast sensitivity. @entity3002 at near were mildly higher in @entity1 with SRI compared with their peers (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .08), as were @entity1 with stereoacuity worse than 60 seconds/arc (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Four of every 5 @entity1 with SRI had normal ophthalmic function in each test used. A small minority of @entity1 displayed @entity154 in stereoacuity or fusion of near targets. The slight excess of these @entity1 among those with SRI may be a result of their @entity73 or may be unrelated. We found no evidence that vision-based treatments would be useful to help @entity1 with SRI.

title: @entity854 and XXXX .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['reading impairment']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study was designed to report our preliminary experience of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) using a mobile scanner with integrated neuronavigation system (NNS). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and potential utility of iCT with integrated NNS in individualized treatment of @entity600 ( @entity600 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The surgical management of @entity154 is complex due to the relative difficulty in accessing the region, critical relationships of @entity531 , and the intricate biomechanical issues involved. METHODS: We reported our first 19 complex @entity600 cases including 11 male and 8 female @entity1 from January, 2009 to June, 2009 (mean age, 33.9 y; age range, 13 to 58 y). A sliding gantry 40-slice CT scanner was installed in a preexisting operating room. Image data was transferred directly from the scanner into the NNS using an automated registration system. We applied this technology to transoral odontoidectomy in 17 @entity1 . Moreover, with the extra help of iCT integrated with NNS, odontoidectomy through posterior midline approach, and transoral atlantal lateral mass resection were, for the first time, performed for treatment of complex @entity600 . RESULTS: NNS was found to correlate well with the intraoperative findings, and the recalibration was uneven in all cases with an accuracy of 1.6 mm (1.6: 1.2 to 2.0). All @entity1 were clinically evaluated by Nurick grade criteria, and @entity51 were monitored after 3 months of surgery. Fifteen @entity1 (79%) were improved by at least 1 Nurick grade, whereas the grade did not change in 4 @entity1 (21%). CONCLUSIONS: iCT scanning with integrated NNS was both feasible and beneficial for the surgical management of complex @entity600 . In this unusual @entity1 population, the technique seemed to be valuable in negotiating complex anatomy and achieving a safe and predictable decompression.

title: Individualized treatment of XXXX guided by intraoperative computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital craniovertebral anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['CVJM', 'craniovertebral junction malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['craniovertebral junction malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of 1 year subtraction MRI (sMRI) on activity and progression over the next 4 years in early phase @entity15 ( @entity15 ). To compare sensitivity of sMRI and contrast enhanced MRI towards disease activity. METHODS: The study was performed on 127 @entity15 @entity1 with brain MRI within 5 years of symptom onset (y0), after 1 year (y1) and after 5 years (y5). Measures of clinical (Expanded Disability Status Scale, relapse rate) and conventional MRI outcomes (brain parenchyma fraction (BPF); T2 lesion volume (T2LV); @entity8 ( @entity8 )) were available at all time points. sMRI was obtained from y1-y0, y5-y1 and y5-y0 image pairs and the number of new, enlarged, resolved and regressed lesions was counted. RESULTS: One year lesion change measured by sMRI predicted sMRI lesion change (p<0.0001), BPF and T2LV (p<0.05) changes, as well as clinical relapse rate (p<0.02) in the subsequent 4 years. sMRI measures were retained in stepwise predictive models that included other candidate MRI predictors. Active lesions on sMRI over a 1, 4 or 5 year interval provided a more sensitive assessment of disease activity than number of @entity8 at y0, y1 and/or y5: 83%, 93% and 90% of @entity1 without @entity8 showed sMRI activity during the y1-y0, y5-y1, and y5-y0 intervals. CONCLUSIONS: sMRI is a feasible and sensitive tool for detecting @entity15 activity and may provide an alternative to contrast enhanced MRI in clinical practice, particularly in cases where @entity8 are not available or inconclusive. Furthermore, sMRI metrics combined with conventional MRI outcomes ( @entity8 , T2LV, BPF) can increase the prediction of longer term MRI activity and progression.

title: One year activity on subtraction MRI predicts subsequent 4 year activity and progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CEL', 'contrast enhancing lesions']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still elusive in most developing nations. We asked whether peer support influenced adherence and treatment outcome and if a single @entity1800 ( @entity1800 ) could define treatment failure in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: A multicenter longitudinal and cross-sectional survey of @entity1800 , @entity404 T cells, and adherence in 546 @entity1 receiving HAART for up to 228 months. @entity1800 and @entity404 counts were determined using m2000 Abbott RealTime @entity2858 assay and FACS counters, respectively. Adherence was assessed based on pill count and on self-report. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 55.8%, 22.2%, and 22% had good, fair, and poor adherence, respectively. Adherence, peer support, and regimen, but not @entity645 disclosure, age, or gender, independently correlated with @entity1800 and durability of treatment in a multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). Treatment failure was 35.9% using sequential @entity1800 but ranged between 27% and 35% using alternate single @entity1800 cross-sectional definitions. More @entity1 failed @entity14027 (41.2%) than @entity9611 (37.4%) or @entity15833 (28.8%, P = 0.043) treatment arms. Peer support correlated positively with adherence (  (2), P < 0.001), with nonadherence being highest in the @entity14027 arm. @entity1800 before the time of regimen switch was comparable between @entity1 switching and not switching treatment. Moreover, 36% of those switching still failed the second-line regimen. CONCLUSION: Weak adherence support and inaccessible @entity1800 testing threaten to compromise the success of HAART scale-up in Kenya. To hasten antiretroviral therapy monitoring and decision making, we suggest strengthening @entity1 -focused adherence programs, optimizing and aligning regimen to WHO standards, and a single point-of-care @entity1800 testing when multiple tests are unavailable.

title: Implementation and Operational Research: Correlates of Adherence and Treatment Failure Among Kenyan XXXX on Long-term Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Memory has been examined in subjects with imaging markers of @entity66 , but learning has been less well studied. We examined the relationship among subclinical @entity66 , cerebral volumes, and verbal learning in an ethnically and racially diverse community sample. METHODS: A clinically @entity64 -free subset of Northern Manhattan Study @entity1 underwent cognitive testing and brain MRI with quantification of white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and total cerebral volume ( @entity12540 ) using semiautomated segmentation. We used generalized linear regression and mixed models to examine the association between imaging findings and verbal learning. RESULTS: There were 1,272 @entity1 (61% @entity1 , mean age 70    9 years). @entity1 with greater WMHV and smaller @entity12540 remembered fewer total words on a list-learning task (b = -0.83 per SD change in WMHV, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.22 to -0.45, p < 0.0001; and b = 0.48 per SD change in @entity12540 , 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.90, p = 0.03, respectively). Subclinical @entity4798 (SBI) was not associated with total words learned (b = -0.04, 95% CI = -1.08 to 1.00, p = 0.94). Those with greater WMHV had increased odds of a flatter @entity4207 . After excluding @entity1 with SBI, the association between total words learned and WMHV remained significant. All measurements were adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, medical insurance status, and the presence of SBI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62 , a marker of @entity6249 , may have an impact on @entity4207 . This suggests that verbal learning performance can be incorporated into neuropsychological measures for vascular @entity73 and that @entity66 discovered on imaging affects the ability to learn new information.

title: Subclinical XXXX inversely associates with learning ability: The NOMAS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning slope']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obesity reduces the efficiency of postural and movement control mechanisms. However, the effects of @entity28 on a functional motor task and postural control in standing and seated position have not been closely quantified among @entity1 . The aim of this study is to examine the effects of @entity28 on the execution of aiming tasks performed in standing and seated conditions in @entity1 . Twelve healthy weight @entity1 and eleven @entity28 @entity1 aged between 8 and 11 years pointed to a target in standing and seated position. The difficulty of the aiming task was varied by using 2 target sizes (1.0cm and 5.0cm width; pointing to the smaller target size needs a more precise movement and constitutes a more difficult task). Hand movement time (MT) and its phases were measured to quantify the aiming task. Mean speed of the center of pressure displacement ( @entity9107 speed) was calculated to assess postural stability during the movement. Obese @entity1 had significantly higher MTs compared to healthy-weight @entity1 in seated and standing conditions explained by greater durations of deceleration phase when aiming. Concerning the @entity9107 speed during the movement, @entity28 @entity1 showed significantly higher values when standing compared to healthy-weight @entity1 . This was also observed in the seated position. In conclusion, @entity28 adds a postural constraint during an aiming task in both seated and standing conditions and requires @entity28 @entity1 to take more time to correct their movements due to a greater postural instability of the body when pointing to a target with the upper-limb.

title: XXXX affects postural control and aiming performance during an upper limb movement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Childhood obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation ( @entity14243 -DBS) can be an effective treatment for @entity3520 . However, @entity8408 have previously been reported as a common possible side effect of the treatment. OBJECTIVES: To study possible deterioration of speech after @entity14243 -DBS and describe this in different dimensions. METHODS: Speech was systematically evaluated in 15 @entity1 with predominant torticollis and @entity14243 -DBS. Each @entity1 was tested twice within one day in two stimulation conditions: ON-DBS vs. OFF-DBS. Speech analyses comprised both function-oriented (perceptual scales, acoustic analyses) and communication-related measures (intelligibility, naturalness). A control sample of 15 healthy speakers underwent the same speech assessment. RESULTS: On the group level, @entity1 with @entity3519 showed mild but significant @entity73 scale, the intelligibility score, and the naturalness ratings in both stimulation conditions (Mann-Whitney, P  <  .05). No stimulation-induced deterioration was found. A slight increase in articulation rate was measured in the ON condition. On the single-case level, effects of @entity14243 -DBS on speech were heterogenous. In one @entity1 we observed a deterioration of speech ( @entity4653 ), in a second @entity1 with a history of childhood stuttering we found an aggravation of dysfluency. Impressive benefits could be documented in another @entity1 who also suffered from @entity7364 . CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence that @entity73 is not a necessary side-effect of @entity14243 -DBS in @entity3520 . Both, recurring of stuttering and a worsening of @entity4653 may be seen in individual @entity1 . The positive effects of @entity14243 -DBS on the symptoms of @entity7364 merits further research as DBS is not commonly applied in this population.

title: How Does XXXX -DBS Affect Speech in @entity3520 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary dystonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment on the overall dysarthria', 'speech impairment']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech disorders']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity14243 :: (2821,Gene) :: ['GPi']