abstract: OBJECTIVE: To devise a staging scheme for addressing the severity of @entity194 in @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) and determine any relationship with clinical indices. METHODS: Twenty-four cases with clinical and pathologic features of @entity4943 were selected using standard inclusion and exclusion criteria from 125 @entity303 cases collected in Sydney, Australia, over an 8.5-year period. Patterns of gross @entity194 were determined in two coronal brain slices. Reproducibility of a four-stage severity scheme was tested. Nonparametric statistics were used to determine relationships between the stage of @entity194 and clinical indices (age at @entity204 , duration from diagnosis, and clinical severity at @entity204 ). RESULTS: The @entity4943 cases studied could be reliably grouped (kappa = 0.97) into four progressively severe stages of global @entity194 . Initial mild @entity194 occurred in the orbital and superior medial frontal cortices and hippocampus (stage 1), progressed to involve the other anterior frontal regions, temporal cortices, and basal ganglia (stage 2), then involved all remaining tissue in these coronal slices (stage 3), until very marked @entity194 was observed in all areas (stage 4). These stages correlated with disease duration and clinical @entity303 severity, lending validity to the progressive nature of the staging scheme. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have identified a reproducible staging system for the severity of gross @entity194 in cases of @entity4943 . This staging scheme provides the required framework to compare different research indices and determine correlates relating to time and disease progression in @entity4943 -information necessary to determine core disease processes and etiologic factors.

title: Staging disease severity in pathologically confirmed cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity1 kallikrein 2 ( @entity14958 ) has improved early detection and staging of @entity263 . However, reported concentrations of @entity14958 among currently used assays have not been standardized in any way. We compared two @entity14958 assays and five different recombinant @entity14958 variants (rhK2) and suggest a common calibrator as an important step and putative reference substance in @entity14958 assay standardization. METHODS: We measured 146 sera by two @entity14958 assays, using assay-specific calibrators to assess the difference between the two assays. Serial dilutions of five rhK2 preparations were measured repeatedly, with one preparation assigned as calibrator and the others as unknowns to define which variant provided the closest match between the two assays. This rhK2 variant was used to recalibrate both assays. We measured @entity14958 concentrations in the same 146 @entity1 to evaluate the change in the difference. RESULTS: Use of assay-specific calibrators for comparison of the two assays yielded a Deming regression equation of: y = 0.789 (95% confidence interval, 0.674-0.922)x + 0.014 (0.004-0.025) micro g/L; R(2) = 0.667. Analysis of five rhK2 variants revealed that the enterokinase (ek)-rhK2 form provided the best match between both assays. Using the ek-rhK2 as a common calibrator, we observed a change in the slope of the regression curve to: y = 1.106 (0.872-1.340)x + 0.006 (-0.002 to 0.016) micro g/L; R(2) = 0.648, suggesting an increase in the mean estimate of agreement between the two assays. CONCLUSION: Calibration with a common calibrator substantially increased agreement between the assays. The ek-rhK2 variant provided the best performance of all tested rhK2 variants and should undergo mass spectrometry and @entity535 analysis for exact mass determination and value assignment to evaluate its potential as a reference material for immunoassays for @entity14958 .

title: Standardization of two immunoassays for XXXX glandular kallikrein 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: Metastatic and locally advanced disease is unfortunately a common clinical occurrence in @entity1 affected by @entity788 . The most frequent sites of @entity3 are the liver and the peritoneal lining. The falciform and round ligaments are routinely resected and sent for pathology, but no @entity3 have ever been reported. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we assess whether the falciform and round ligaments are possible sites for @entity3 and if routine pathology examination of these structures is justified. DESIGN: Retrospective, single institution study. @entity1 : The charts of all @entity1 who underwent pancreatic resection from June 2005 through January 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on age, gender, type of operation performed, preoperative CA 19-9 levels, vascular and perineural invasion, @entity5 differentiation and pathological staging were retrieved from the hospital electronic data base. Only @entity1 with @entity8 were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of pancreatic @entity3 in the falciform and round ligaments. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were included in the study. Forty @entity1 had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomies, 10 subtotal pancreatectomies, 2 total pancreatectomies, and 1 distal pancreatectomy. Four @entity1 had exploratory laparotomy but exploration revealed @entity5 , thus the planned resection was not carried out. The falciform and round ligaments were all negative for @entity3 in all @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Metastatic progression of @entity788 is poorly understood. Theoretically, @entity3 to the falciform and round ligaments could occur by either contiguous, hematogenic or lymphatic spread. In our study, none of the @entity1 had @entity3 to the falciform and round ligaments, regardless of the pathological staging. CONCLUSION: We concluded that routine pathological examination of the falciform and round ligaments is not justified if the surgeon elects to remove the structures for ease of exploration and retraction during surgery. This may lighten the workload and reduce costs in a busy pathology laboratory.

title: Exposure during pancreatic surgery. Do we have to examine the falciform and round ligaments for XXXX @entity3 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III or IV disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Metastatic and locally advanced disease is unfortunately a common clinical occurrence in @entity1 affected by @entity788 . The most frequent sites of @entity3 are the liver and the peritoneal lining. The falciform and round ligaments are routinely resected and sent for pathology, but no @entity3 have ever been reported. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we assess whether the falciform and round ligaments are possible sites for @entity3 and if routine pathology examination of these structures is justified. DESIGN: Retrospective, single institution study. @entity1 : The charts of all @entity1 who underwent pancreatic resection from June 2005 through January 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on age, gender, type of operation performed, preoperative CA 19-9 levels, vascular and perineural invasion, @entity5 differentiation and pathological staging were retrieved from the hospital electronic data base. Only @entity1 with @entity8 were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of pancreatic @entity3 in the falciform and round ligaments. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were included in the study. Forty @entity1 had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomies, 10 subtotal pancreatectomies, 2 total pancreatectomies, and 1 distal pancreatectomy. Four @entity1 had exploratory laparotomy but exploration revealed @entity5 , thus the planned resection was not carried out. The falciform and round ligaments were all negative for @entity3 in all @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Metastatic progression of @entity788 is poorly understood. Theoretically, @entity3 to the falciform and round ligaments could occur by either contiguous, hematogenic or lymphatic spread. In our study, none of the @entity1 had @entity3 to the falciform and round ligaments, regardless of the pathological staging. CONCLUSION: We concluded that routine pathological examination of the falciform and round ligaments is not justified if the surgeon elects to remove the structures for ease of exploration and retraction during surgery. This may lighten the workload and reduce costs in a busy pathology laboratory.

title: Exposure during pancreatic surgery. Do we have to examine the falciform and round ligaments for @entity788 XXXX ?

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify the relative expression of @entity11225 , inhibin/activin beta(A), beta(B), @entity23944 and beta-glycan genes in placental tissue of term pre-eclamptic @entity1 and controls to investigate if these genes are up-regulated in the placenta in @entity1468 . Seven @entity1 with @entity10094 were matched with 10 normal pregnant controls for gestational age, maternal age, and parity. Total RNA was isolated from each sample. Complementary DNA samples produced by reverse transcription were used in the real time PCR to quantify the expression of @entity23944 subunits, follistatin, ACTRIA, @entity56203 , ACTRIIA, @entity29088 , beta-glycan and @entity7501 genes. The ratio between the target and @entity7501 expression was calculated to provide relative gene expression. @entity11225 : @entity7501 and inhibin/activin beta(A): @entity7501 ratios were significantly higher in placental tissue from @entity1 with @entity1468 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01 respectively) compared with matched control placental gene expression. Placental samples from both groups expressed beta(B), @entity23944 and beta-glycan genes. However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of these genes between the groups. Increases in the placental expression of @entity11225 and inhibin/activin beta(A) subunit genes could contribute to the rise in circulating levels of @entity11225 and activin A in @entity1468 . The mechanism(s) involved in increased gene expression in @entity1468 is as yet unclear.

title: Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23944 :: ('1439', 'Gene') :: ['beta(C), follistatin, activin receptors', 'inhibin alpha subunit, inhibin/activin beta(A), beta(B), beta(C)']

entities_list: @entity11225 :: ('3623', 'Gene') :: ['Inhibin alpha', 'inhibin alpha', 'inhibin A']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify the relative expression of @entity11225 , inhibin/activin beta(A), beta(B), @entity23944 and beta-glycan genes in placental tissue of term pre-eclamptic @entity1 and controls to investigate if these genes are up-regulated in the placenta in @entity1468 . Seven @entity1 with @entity10094 were matched with 10 normal pregnant controls for gestational age, maternal age, and parity. Total RNA was isolated from each sample. Complementary DNA samples produced by reverse transcription were used in the real time PCR to quantify the expression of @entity23944 subunits, follistatin, ACTRIA, @entity56203 , ACTRIIA, @entity29088 , beta-glycan and @entity7501 genes. The ratio between the target and @entity7501 expression was calculated to provide relative gene expression. @entity11225 : @entity7501 and inhibin/activin beta(A): @entity7501 ratios were significantly higher in placental tissue from @entity1 with @entity1468 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01 respectively) compared with matched control placental gene expression. Placental samples from both groups expressed beta(B), @entity23944 and beta-glycan genes. However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of these genes between the groups. Increases in the placental expression of @entity11225 and inhibin/activin beta(A) subunit genes could contribute to the rise in circulating levels of @entity11225 and activin A in @entity1468 . The mechanism(s) involved in increased gene expression in @entity1468 is as yet unclear.

title: Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of XXXX with @entity1468 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) R0 resection significantly improves overall survival (OS). METHODS: In this report, we present the results of a phase II trial of FOLFOX6+bevacizumab in @entity1 with non-optimally resectable @entity14 . @entity1 received six cycles of FOLFOX6+ five of bevacizumab. @entity1 not achieving resectability received six additional cycles of each. A PET-CT was performed at baseline and again within 1 month after initiating treatment. RESULTS: From September 2005 to July 2009, 21 @entity1 were enrolled (Male/Female: 15/6; median age: 65 years). An objective response (OR) was documented in 12 cases (57.1%; complete responses (CRs): 3, partial response (PR): 9); one @entity1 died from @entity137 before surgery. Thirteen @entity1 underwent radical surgery (61.9%). Three (23%) had a pathological CR (pCR). Six @entity1 (46.1%) experienced minor postsurgical complications. After a median 38.8-month follow-up, the median OS was 22.5 months. @entity1 achieving at least 1 unit reduction in Standard uptake value (SUV)max on PET-CT had longer progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS: 22 vs 14 months, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: FOLFOX6+bevacizumab does not increase postsurgical complications, yields high rates of resectability and pCR. Early changes in PET-CT seem to be predictive of longer PFS.

title: FOLFOX6 and bevacizumab in non-optimally resectable liver metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'CLM']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. In Switzerland, @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is one of the ten most common causes of hospitalization in @entity1 older than 65 and the second most common in those over 80 years. 17% of the population in Switzerland is in this age class. The expenditures associated with @entity712 are thus considerable. High doses of the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor @entity3593 in @entity1 with @entity712 have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of @entity204 or hospitalization for @entity712 and for any reason. The objective of the present study was to analyze the economic implications of using high doses of @entity3593 in the Swiss health care system setting, both from the societal perspective and from that of the Swiss health insurers. @entity1 AND METHODS: Using published data from the ATLAS Trial, we computed the monthly probability of @entity204 and of hospital admission for @entity712 , @entity63 events, other cardiovascular causes and any reason per @entity1 for both arms of the trial. Swiss resource use patterns and Swiss unit costs were used to calculate expected monthly expenditures per @entity1 from the third party payer perspective and from the societal viewpoint. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our results. RESULTS: Expected monthly expenditures from the third party payer perspective are 347 @entity7634 per @entity1 in the low dose group and 319 @entity7634 in the high dose group. This represents expected savings of 28 @entity7634 per @entity1 monthly. Because the public sector pays more than 50% of hospital costs, the savings from the societal viewpoint are greater. Expected monthly costs from the societal perspective are 762 @entity7634 in the low dose group and 670 @entity7634 in the high dose group per @entity1 . This results in expected monthly savings of 92 @entity7634 . Sensitivity analysis shows that the use of high doses of @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3593 does not result in higher health care expenditures for the whole system or even savings through a wide variety of practice patterns and unit costs. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the ATLAS study, high doses of @entity3593 are associated with a reduction in the number of hospitalizations for @entity712 and for any reason and with a statistically non-significant reduction in mortality. The additional expenditures incurred because of prescription of high doses are offset by the savings in hospital costs. These are important considerations, given the increasing number of @entity1 aged 65 and older in Switzerland, and the prevalence of @entity712 in this age group.

title: High dose @entity3593 in XXXX : economic considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. In Switzerland, @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is one of the ten most common causes of hospitalization in @entity1 older than 65 and the second most common in those over 80 years. 17% of the population in Switzerland is in this age class. The expenditures associated with @entity712 are thus considerable. High doses of the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor @entity3593 in @entity1 with @entity712 have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of @entity204 or hospitalization for @entity712 and for any reason. The objective of the present study was to analyze the economic implications of using high doses of @entity3593 in the Swiss health care system setting, both from the societal perspective and from that of the Swiss health insurers. @entity1 AND METHODS: Using published data from the ATLAS Trial, we computed the monthly probability of @entity204 and of hospital admission for @entity712 , @entity63 events, other cardiovascular causes and any reason per @entity1 for both arms of the trial. Swiss resource use patterns and Swiss unit costs were used to calculate expected monthly expenditures per @entity1 from the third party payer perspective and from the societal viewpoint. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our results. RESULTS: Expected monthly expenditures from the third party payer perspective are 347 @entity7634 per @entity1 in the low dose group and 319 @entity7634 in the high dose group. This represents expected savings of 28 @entity7634 per @entity1 monthly. Because the public sector pays more than 50% of hospital costs, the savings from the societal viewpoint are greater. Expected monthly costs from the societal perspective are 762 @entity7634 in the low dose group and 670 @entity7634 in the high dose group per @entity1 . This results in expected monthly savings of 92 @entity7634 . Sensitivity analysis shows that the use of high doses of @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3593 does not result in higher health care expenditures for the whole system or even savings through a wide variety of practice patterns and unit costs. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the ATLAS study, high doses of @entity3593 are associated with a reduction in the number of hospitalizations for @entity712 and for any reason and with a statistically non-significant reduction in mortality. The additional expenditures incurred because of prescription of high doses are offset by the savings in hospital costs. These are important considerations, given the increasing number of @entity1 aged 65 and older in Switzerland, and the prevalence of @entity712 in this age group.

title: High dose XXXX in @entity712 : economic considerations.

answer: @entity3593 :: (MESH:D017706,Chemical) :: ['lisinopril']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prescription pattern for cardiovascular drugs among @entity1 discharged after an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in hospitals that had participated in a corresponding study seven years earlier, and examine what the indications were for use of the different drugs. METHODS: From 16 hospitals we drew a sample of @entity1 who were discharged with a diagnosis of @entity583 during a three months period in 1999/2000. Physicians in each hospital obtained from the medical records the observed rate of use of cardiovascular drugs at discharge. The drug use was compared with findings from a corresponding sample drawn in 1993. The main indication for use of the different cardiovascular drugs was recorded for the 1999/2000 sample. RESULTS: 399 @entity1 discharged alive were included in the first study and 767 in the second. The use of beta-blockers, @entity1289 inhibitors and statins rose substantially during the period. For @entity1 aged </=70 drug use in respectively 1993 and 1999/2000 was as follows: beta-blockers 73% vs 89%, @entity1289 inhibitors 14% vs 29%, statins not recorded vs 82%; corresponding figures for @entity1 aged >70 were: beta-blockers 45% vs 74%, @entity1289 inhibitors 19% vs 38%, statins not recorded vs 35%. @entity117 /anticoagulant use was largely unchanged; 93% and 70% of @entity1 aged </=70 and >70 respectively used these drugs at the second survey. The use of regular @entity3362 and @entity460 antagonists had decreased. Nearly half of the >70 group and one-fifth of @entity1 </=70 used 5-9 cardiovascular drugs. CONCLUSIONS: At the end of the 1990s a substantial shift in drug therapy after @entity583 occurred, with a markedly increased use of drugs proven to be effective in clinical trials and less use of other cardiovascular drugs. The most frequently reported main indication for use of drugs was secondary prevention. The principles of evidence-based drug therapy became increasingly adopted among clinicians during the 1990s.

title: Use of cardiovascular drugs after XXXX : a marked shift towards evidence-based drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a treatment for @entity3851 , and was developed to overcome the distinct insufficiency of cadaveric donors. Case 1 is a 56-year-old @entity1 who had undergone maintenance hemodialysis therapy for 4 years. An LDLT was performed for the treatment of advanced liver @entity82 and @entity157 . @entity400 ( @entity400 ) was performed from the 2nd to 5th days after the operation. Case 2 is a 55-year-old @entity1 with @entity12884 and @entity177 . An LDLT was performed for the treatment of severe @entity1661 caused by a large liver volume. Although @entity400 was started at the 3rd day after the operation, it was discontinued within 24 hours because of an increased urinary volume. @entity400 was required again from the 6th-8th days, after which the blood purification mode was switched to regular intermittent hemodialysis. Meanwhile, no major problems occurred in either case. In conclusion, @entity400 was required for about 5 days from the 2nd day after the operation. The application of careful and aggressive blood purification therapy during the perioperative period is a key to successful LDLT in dialysis @entity1 .

title: Successful perioperative blood purification therapy in XXXX with maintenance hemodialysis therapy who underwent living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CHDF', 'Continuous hemodiafiltration']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12884 :: ('MESH:C531616', 'Disease') :: ['primary amyloidosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The association between exposure during handling of sewage and compost and the serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers was studied. METHODS: A total of 44 workers exposed to sewage dust, 47 workers exposed to compost dust and 38 referents from the administrative staff participated. Microbial aerosols were collected by personal inhalable samplers. The concentrations of bacterial cells, spores from fungi and bacteria (actinomycetes) and endotoxins were determined by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy and the Limulus assay. @entity2002 , D-dimer, @entity2071 , @entity4725 and @entity650 were determined by ELISA and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) by HS-MicroCRP assay in blood samples collected post-shift. RESULTS: The exposure to dust ranged from 0.02 to 11  mg/m(3), endotoxins from 1 to 3160 EU/m(3) and bacteria from 0 to 209  *  10(6)  cells/m(3). Fungal (0-41  *  10(6)  spores/m(3)) and actinomycetes spores (0-590  *  10(6) actinomycetes spores/m(3)) were observed only at compost plants. The exposed workers had significantly higher @entity2002 (arithmetic mean 3.3  mg/ml) and @entity1851 (geometric mean 1.5  mg/L) compared to the referents (2.8 and 1.0  mg/L, respectively). The serum concentration of @entity1851 was negatively associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in   % of predicted. Exposure to inhalable dust and bacteria was positively associated with the serum concentration of @entity2071 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposure to bacteria and dust when handling sewage and compost may initiate an @entity32 shown by an increase in serum concentration of @entity2071 . The higher concentrations of @entity2002 and @entity1851 in exposed workers compared to the referents may reflect a low-grade systemic @entity32 .

title: Biomarkers of XXXX in workers exposed to compost and sewage dust.

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of high-pressure pulsatile lavage and low-pressure lavage in @entity1 with an @entity281 treated with open d  bridement followed by antibiotic treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with an @entity281 requiring open d  bridement from January 2008 to August 2009 were randomized prospectively to a low-pressure or a high-pressure pulsatile lavage arm. Relevant information about demographics, co-morbidity, type of implant, microbiology data, surgical treatment, and outcome were recorded. Comparison of proportions was made using   (2) test or Fisher exact test when necessary. The Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to estimate the cumulative probability of treatment failure from open d  bridement to the last visit. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 were included. There were no differences between the main characteristics between both groups (p > 0.05). Mean (SD) age of the whole cohort was 70.2 (11.9) years. There were 46 infections on knee prosthesis, 17 on hip prosthesis, 7 on hip hemiarthroplasties and 9 on osteosynthesis devices. There were 69 acute @entity281 , 8 acute @entity281 . The most common microorganisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococci in 34 cases, @entity794 in 26 and @entity526 in 19 cases. There were 30 polymicrobial infections. A total of 42 and 37 @entity1 were randomized to a high-pressure pulsatile or a low-pressure lavage, respectively. There was no difference in the success rate between both arms (80.9 vs. 86.5%, p = 0.56). CONCLUSION: The use of a high-pressure pulsatile lavage during open d  bridement of @entity281 had a similar success rate as a low-pressure lavage.

title: Comparison of a low-pressure and a high-pressure pulsatile lavage during d  bridement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical infections', 'orthopaedic implant infection', 'haematogenous infections and 2 chronic infections', 'implant infections']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['orthopaedic implant infection']


abstract: The incidence of @entity3799 and @entity7194 was investigated in 48 @entity1 with @entity309 who had three or more major lower limb joint replacements. Eight (17%) developed @entity3799 requiring cervical fusion. This was the subsequent cause of @entity204 in two. Four further @entity1 demonstrated clinical features of @entity602 . Cervical @entity7194 was present in 29 of 44 (66%) in whom adequate radiographs were available. The development of cervical symptoms and signs could not have been predicted from the sex, age of onset, duration of disease or @entity134 therapy. Radiographic changes in the cervical spine were independent of major lower limb joint destruction and were often not present when planning a programme of joint replacement. Fifty-one control @entity1 were studied. Cervical @entity602 occurred in 2 (4%) and @entity7194 in 24 (47%). The development of rheumatoid changes in the cervical spine was unrelated to involvement of the hip or knee joints in the control group. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the incidence of @entity3799 in @entity1 with multiple lower limb joint replacements compared with the control population.

title: Cervical XXXX complicating multiple joint replacement in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['subluxation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid disease']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: The incidence of @entity3799 and @entity7194 was investigated in 48 @entity1 with @entity309 who had three or more major lower limb joint replacements. Eight (17%) developed @entity3799 requiring cervical fusion. This was the subsequent cause of @entity204 in two. Four further @entity1 demonstrated clinical features of @entity602 . Cervical @entity7194 was present in 29 of 44 (66%) in whom adequate radiographs were available. The development of cervical symptoms and signs could not have been predicted from the sex, age of onset, duration of disease or @entity134 therapy. Radiographic changes in the cervical spine were independent of major lower limb joint destruction and were often not present when planning a programme of joint replacement. Fifty-one control @entity1 were studied. Cervical @entity602 occurred in 2 (4%) and @entity7194 in 24 (47%). The development of rheumatoid changes in the cervical spine was unrelated to involvement of the hip or knee joints in the control group. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the incidence of @entity3799 in @entity1 with multiple lower limb joint replacements compared with the control population.

title: Cervical @entity602 complicating multiple joint replacement in XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid disease']


abstract: AIM: To analyse the safety and effectiveness of natalizumab in the treatment of @entity15 in a real clinical practice setting and according to the approved indications. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity15 treated with natalizumab in our centre were evaluated. The clinical and radiological disease activity during the first year of treatment was analyzed in @entity1 who received at least 12 doses of the drug. The data regarding moderate and severe adverse events in the entire study sample was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 112 @entity1 were included in the study, of which 110 had been previously treated with other drugs and 76 had received at least 12 doses of natalizumab. In this group, the annualized relapse rate was reduced by 89% compared to the preceding year and 80% of @entity1 were free from relapses after one year of treatment. Nine percent of @entity1 exhibited 3-month confirmed disability progression. At month 12, the mean number of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions on brain MRI was decreased by 99% compared to the pre-treatment MRI. During the first year of treatment, 76% of @entity1 remained free from clinical activity and 33% remained free from both clinical and radiological disease activity. Twenty-nine percent of @entity1 had at least one moderate or severe adverse event, which led to treatment discontinuation in 6%. Four percent of @entity1 experienced immediate @entity56 reactions. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that natalizumab is effective in reducing disease activity in @entity1 with relapsing @entity15 and inadequate response to other therapies, with a favorable risk-benefit ratio.

title: An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of natalizumab in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1032 is characterized by lower intelligence compared to the average intelligence of @entity1 the same age. These @entity1 have low adaptive capacity acquired by society. The genetic factors of causing @entity90 include @entity66 , chromosome structural aberration, and chromosome number aberration and so on. We explored the cause of a Chinese family suffering from @entity1032 . METHODS: We used karyotyping technology to determine the karyotype of the proband, and we used FISH to verify the result of the karyotyping. We used whole-exome sequencing to identify the disease-causing gene and used Sanger sequencing to verify the result of whole-exome sequencing to assess the family's gene expression. RESULTS: The G-banding of the karyotype revealed that the @entity1 's karyotype is 46, XY. FISH revealed that the @entity1 does not have a @entity3769 . The karyotype of the proband is normal. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified 108,767 variants in the exome gene of the @entity1 , including 101,787 SNPs and 6980 InDels. Combining clinical information and bioinformatics analysis, including databases filtering and SIFT analysis, we found @entity72608 in X chromosome was candidate @entity90 disease-causing gene. PCR and Sanger sequencing results were consistent with whole-exome sequencing. @entity72608 ( @entity72609 ) mutation was present in the genome of the proband and his mother is a carrier, while his father, sister, and brother do not carry this mutation. CONCLUSION: According to clinical information, whole-exome sequencing results and Sanger verification results, @entity72608 ( @entity72609 ) mutation may be disease-causing gene of the @entity90 @entity1 . The relation between @entity72608 mutation and @entity90 clinical characteristic is needed to be illuminated with participation of more @entity90 @entity1 .

title: XXXX mutated in a Chinese intellectually challenged family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['monogenic disease']

entities_list: @entity3769 :: ('MESH:D014314', 'Disease') :: ['trisomy syndrome']

answer: @entity72608 :: (393,Gene) :: ['ARHGAP4']


abstract: Histone proteins from purified nuclei of neonatal and adult @entity19 retinas were analyzed and compared utilizing @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Identical procedures were applied to examine the histones extracted from the brains of the same animals. In the newborn and mature retina and brain, 8 histone fractions have been separated, identified and quantified by scanning densitometry. These are the linker histone (H1), consisting of 3 subfractions (H1a, @entity49940 , H1(0); the semi-histone uH2A (A24); and the 4 nucleosome core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4). Developmental differences are exhibited by the linker histone in both brain and retinal cells. The greatest differences between the histone patterns of retina and brain are also in the H1 group. Because the linker histone is subject to the greatest variability. H1 was selectively extracted with 5% @entity9901 from both neonatal and adult brain. This procedure established that the observed differences are a developmental phenomenon and are not due to interactions of the linker histones with other nuclear proteins. The ratio of the non-histone chromosomal proteins to total histone was found to be significantly greater in both adult and neonatal brain compared to retina at either age.

title: Comparisons of histones in retinal and brain nuclei from newborn and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) in primary angle closure (PAC) and primary @entity2747 (PACG). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. @entity1 : Eighty PAC or PACG subjects who underwent laser iridotomy (LI) and had at least 180   of persistent appositional angle closure and @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) of more than 21 mmHg were enrolled. METHODS: Subjects were randomized to receive either 360   @entity1897 (Visulas 532s; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) or medical therapy (Travoprost 0.004%; Alcon-Couvreur, Puurs, Antwerp, Belgium). Repeat @entity1897 was performed if the @entity2790 reduction was less than 20% from baseline along with inadequate angle widening at the month 1 or month 3 visit. Intraocular pressure was controlled with systematic addition of medications when required. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was success rates after @entity1897 at 1 year. Complete success was defined as an @entity2790 of 21 mmHg or less without medication, and qualified success was defined as an @entity2790 of 21 mmHg or less with medication. Failure was defined as an @entity2790 more than 21 mmHg despite additional medications or requiring @entity726 surgery. RESULTS: Forty subjects (51 eyes) were randomized to @entity1897 and 40 subjects (55 eyes) were randomized to medical therapy. Complete success ( @entity2790  <=21 mmHg without medication) was achieved in 35.0% eyes of the @entity1897 group compared with 85.0% of eyes in the @entity3009 analog (PGA) group (P < 0.001), and qualified success ( @entity2790  <=21 mmHg with medication) was achieved in 35.0% and 7.5%, respectively (P  = 0.003). The @entity2790 decreased by 4.9 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-6.3 mmHg) in the @entity1897 group (P < 0.001) and by 6.1 mmHg (95% CI, 5.1-7.1 mmHg) in the medication group (P < 0.001). A failure rate of 30.0% was noted in the @entity1897 group compared with 7.5% in the medication group (P  = 0.01). No treatment-related complications were recorded in either group. CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year, @entity1897 was associated with higher failure rates and lower @entity2790 reduction compared  with PGA therapy in eyes with persistent appositional angle closure and raised @entity2790 after LI.

title: Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty for Primary XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['argon laser peripheral iridoplasty', 'ALPI']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular pressure', 'IOP']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-Closure Glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy of genotype prediction and guide genetic testing in @entity1 with @entity121 we applied and refined specialized electrophysiological exercise test parameters. METHODS: We studied 56 genetically confirmed @entity1 and 65 controls using needle electromyography, the long exercise test, and short exercise tests at room temperature, after cooling, and rewarming. RESULTS: Concordant amplitude-and-area decrements were more reliable than amplitude-only measurements when interpreting patterns of change during the short exercise tests. Concordant amplitude-and-area pattern I and pattern II decrements of >20% were 100% specific for paramyotonia @entity17631 , respectively. When decrements at room temperature and after cooling were <20%, a repeat short exercise test after rewarming was useful in @entity1 with @entity17631 . Area measurements and rewarming distinguished true temperature sensitivity from amplitude reduction due to cold-induced slowing of muscle fiber conduction. In @entity1 with negative short exercise tests, symptomatic @entity8525 predicted sodium channel @entity8525 @entity17631 . Distinctive "tornado-shaped" @entity12296 -like discharges may be seen in @entity1 with @entity28846 . In the long exercise test, area decrements from pre-exercise baseline were more sensitive than amplitude decrements-from-maximum-compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in @entity1 with @entity26322 . Possible ethnic differences in the normative data of the long exercise test argue for the use of appropriate ethnically-matched controls. INTERPRETATION: Concordant CMAP amplitude-and-area decrements of >20% allow more reliable interpretation of the short exercise tests and aid accurate DNA-based diagnosis. In @entity1 with negative exercise tests, specific clinical features are helpful in differentiating @entity1372 from @entity2865 channel @entity8525 . A modified algorithm is suggested.

title: Refined exercise testing can aid DNA-based diagnosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17631 :: ('MESH:D009224', 'Disease') :: ['myotonia congenita', 'over myotonia congenita', 'congenita and myotonia congenita']

entities_list: @entity26322 :: ('MESH:D050030', 'Disease') :: ['Andersen-Tawil syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12296 :: ('MESH:D020386', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyotonia']

entities_list: @entity8525 :: ('MESH:D009222', 'Disease') :: ['eye closure myotonia', 'myotonia']

entities_list: @entity28846 :: ('MESH:D020967', 'Disease') :: ['paramyotonia congenita']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle channelopathies']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle channelopathies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The net survival of a @entity1 diagnosed with a given disease is a quantity often interpreted as the hypothetical survival probability in the absence of causes of @entity204 other than the disease. In a relative survival framework, net survival summarises the excess mortality that @entity1 experience compared with their relevant reference population. Based on follow-up data from the Finnish Cancer Registry, we derived simulation scenarios that describe survival of @entity1 in eight @entity5 sites reflecting different excess mortality patterns in order to compare the performance of the classical Ederer II estimator and the new estimator proposed by Pohar Perme et al. At 5  years, the age-standardised Ederer II estimator performed equally well as the Pohar Perme estimator with the exception of @entity320 in which the Pohar Perme estimator had a smaller @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). At 10 and 15  years, the age-standardised Ederer II performed most often better than the Pohar Perme estimator. The unstandardised Ederer II estimator had the largest @entity2246 at 5  years. However, its @entity2246 was often superior to those of the other estimators at 10 and 15  years, especially in sparse data. Both the Pohar Perme and the age-standardised Ederer II estimator are valid for 5-year net survival of @entity5 @entity1 . For longer-term net survival, our simulation results support the use of the age-standardised Ederer II estimator. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Comparing net survival estimators of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['mean squared error', 'MSE']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The net survival of a @entity1 diagnosed with a given disease is a quantity often interpreted as the hypothetical survival probability in the absence of causes of @entity204 other than the disease. In a relative survival framework, net survival summarises the excess mortality that @entity1 experience compared with their relevant reference population. Based on follow-up data from the Finnish Cancer Registry, we derived simulation scenarios that describe survival of @entity1 in eight @entity5 sites reflecting different excess mortality patterns in order to compare the performance of the classical Ederer II estimator and the new estimator proposed by Pohar Perme et al. At 5  years, the age-standardised Ederer II estimator performed equally well as the Pohar Perme estimator with the exception of @entity320 in which the Pohar Perme estimator had a smaller @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). At 10 and 15  years, the age-standardised Ederer II performed most often better than the Pohar Perme estimator. The unstandardised Ederer II estimator had the largest @entity2246 at 5  years. However, its @entity2246 was often superior to those of the other estimators at 10 and 15  years, especially in sparse data. Both the Pohar Perme and the age-standardised Ederer II estimator are valid for 5-year net survival of @entity5 @entity1 . For longer-term net survival, our simulation results support the use of the age-standardised Ederer II estimator. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Comparing net survival estimators of @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity135 ( @entity135 ) survivors are at increased risk of developing @entity4611 as an adverse event of radiotherapy. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and risk factors for @entity4611 in these survivors. Secondly, we aimed to compare the prevalence of @entity4611 between survivors treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and survivors treated with the ablative surgery, moulage technique after loading brachytherapy, and surgical reconstruction (AMORE) procedure. METHODS: Eighty @entity135 survivors treated in London (EBRT based) and Amsterdam (AMORE based: AMORE if feasible, otherwise EBRT) in the period 1990-2010 and alive >= 2 years post-treatment were evaluated. Survivors were evaluated in multidisciplinary late-effects clinics, with measurement of linear growth, determination of thyroid function, and @entity2124 parameters. Additional data, such as baseline characteristics, anthropometrics, pubertal stage, and the results of additional laboratory investigations, were retrieved from @entity1 charts. RESULTS: @entity4611 was diagnosed in 24 in 80 (30%) survivors, after a median follow-up time of 11 years. Median time to develop @entity4611 after @entity135 diagnosis was 3.0 years. Risk factors were EBRT-based therapy (odds ratio [OR] 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-2.46), parameningeal @entity5 site (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.60-2.17) and embryonal RMS histology (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.19-1.90). CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy used for the treatment of @entity135 confers a significant risk of the development of @entity4611 . AMORE-based treatment in @entity1 with @entity135 resulted in less @entity4611 than treatment with conventional EBRT. Our findings underscore the importance of routine early endocrine follow-up in this specific population.

title: Endocrine disorders among long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HNRMS', 'Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction', 'Pituitary dysfunction']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In recent years the incidence of @entity320 in elderly @entity1 has increased with an unfavorable oncologic outcome due not only to immune deterioration but also to greater @entity146 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of cutaneous @entity320 in relation to age. A consecutive series of cases with @entity320 operated in a reference center in the period 2001-2013 was included. The sample was divided into two groups according to the age. Group 1 (G1): under 65 years and Group 2 (G2): over 65 years. Histopathological variables and oncologic outcomes were compared between the two groups. Three hundred and eighty eight @entity1 were operated. They belonged to G1 241 (62%) and to G2 147 (38%). Both groups were homogeneous with respect to the histological type of @entity320 . Group 2 had thicker @entity320 (Breslow > 4 mm 19% vs. 7%, p < 0.005) and higher rates of @entity1066 (37% vs. 20%, p: 0.007) and distant @entity3 (stage IV 11% vs. 3%, p 0.01). There was no difference between groups regarding nodal involvement. With a mean follow up of 45 (6-98) months throughout the series, recurrence of disease was higher in group 2 (26% vs. 17%, p: 0.03), but the specific mortality showed no significant difference (9.5% vs. 5.3%, p: 0.12). In conclusion, cutaneous @entity320 in @entity1 over 65 years is more aggressive with higher rates of local recurrence and distant @entity3 .

title: [ XXXX according to age].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Melanoma behavior']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The effect of @entity1068 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the influence of @entity285 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis and determine the risk factors for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in a large number of Japanese @entity1 with @entity409 without @entity99 . METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a specialized center for hepatology in Japan and included 9959 @entity1 with @entity409 without @entity99 , diagnosed by ultrasonography from January 1997 through December 2011. The @entity1 ' level of @entity1068 consumption was divided into 4 categories: <20 g/day (n  = 6671), 20-39 g/day (n  = 753), 40-69 g/day (n  = 1589), and >= 70 g/day (n  = 946). The primary endpoint was the onset of @entity157 . Statistical analyses performed included the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The median follow-up period was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Of the study cohort, 49 cases (0.49%) developed @entity157 during the follow-up period. The annual incidence rate of @entity157 was 0.05% in @entity1 with @entity409 and a daily @entity1068 consumption <20 g/day. Increasing levels of @entity1068 consumption were associated with increased annual incidence rates of @entity157 : 0.06% for @entity1 with 20-39 g/day @entity1068 consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-7.04), 0.16% for @entity1 with 40-69 g/day @entity1068 consumption (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.50-8.12), and 0.22% for @entity1 with >= 70 g/day @entity1068 consumption (HR, 10.58; 95% CI, 5.06-22.13), compared with @entity1 with @entity1068 consumption <20 g/day. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1068 consumption >= 40 g/day was an independent risk factor for @entity157 : for 40-69 g/day the HR was 2.48 (95% CI, 1.01-6.05; P  <  .047) and for >= 70 g/day the HR was 12.61 (95% CI, 5.68-28.00; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a multicenter, retrospective analysis of almost 10,000 @entity1 with @entity409 , @entity1068 consumption >= 40 g/day is an independent risk factor for @entity157 .

title: Effects of XXXX Consumption on Hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese @entity1 With @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['FLD', 'fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The effect of @entity1068 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the influence of @entity285 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis and determine the risk factors for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in a large number of Japanese @entity1 with @entity409 without @entity99 . METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a specialized center for hepatology in Japan and included 9959 @entity1 with @entity409 without @entity99 , diagnosed by ultrasonography from January 1997 through December 2011. The @entity1 ' level of @entity1068 consumption was divided into 4 categories: <20 g/day (n  = 6671), 20-39 g/day (n  = 753), 40-69 g/day (n  = 1589), and >= 70 g/day (n  = 946). The primary endpoint was the onset of @entity157 . Statistical analyses performed included the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The median follow-up period was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Of the study cohort, 49 cases (0.49%) developed @entity157 during the follow-up period. The annual incidence rate of @entity157 was 0.05% in @entity1 with @entity409 and a daily @entity1068 consumption <20 g/day. Increasing levels of @entity1068 consumption were associated with increased annual incidence rates of @entity157 : 0.06% for @entity1 with 20-39 g/day @entity1068 consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-7.04), 0.16% for @entity1 with 40-69 g/day @entity1068 consumption (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.50-8.12), and 0.22% for @entity1 with >= 70 g/day @entity1068 consumption (HR, 10.58; 95% CI, 5.06-22.13), compared with @entity1 with @entity1068 consumption <20 g/day. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1068 consumption >= 40 g/day was an independent risk factor for @entity157 : for 40-69 g/day the HR was 2.48 (95% CI, 1.01-6.05; P  <  .047) and for >= 70 g/day the HR was 12.61 (95% CI, 5.68-28.00; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a multicenter, retrospective analysis of almost 10,000 @entity1 with @entity409 , @entity1068 consumption >= 40 g/day is an independent risk factor for @entity157 .

title: Effects of @entity285 Consumption on Hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese @entity1 With XXXX .

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Fatty Liver Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The effect of @entity1068 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the influence of @entity285 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis and determine the risk factors for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in a large number of Japanese @entity1 with @entity409 without @entity99 . METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a specialized center for hepatology in Japan and included 9959 @entity1 with @entity409 without @entity99 , diagnosed by ultrasonography from January 1997 through December 2011. The @entity1 ' level of @entity1068 consumption was divided into 4 categories: <20 g/day (n  = 6671), 20-39 g/day (n  = 753), 40-69 g/day (n  = 1589), and >= 70 g/day (n  = 946). The primary endpoint was the onset of @entity157 . Statistical analyses performed included the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The median follow-up period was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Of the study cohort, 49 cases (0.49%) developed @entity157 during the follow-up period. The annual incidence rate of @entity157 was 0.05% in @entity1 with @entity409 and a daily @entity1068 consumption <20 g/day. Increasing levels of @entity1068 consumption were associated with increased annual incidence rates of @entity157 : 0.06% for @entity1 with 20-39 g/day @entity1068 consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-7.04), 0.16% for @entity1 with 40-69 g/day @entity1068 consumption (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.50-8.12), and 0.22% for @entity1 with >= 70 g/day @entity1068 consumption (HR, 10.58; 95% CI, 5.06-22.13), compared with @entity1 with @entity1068 consumption <20 g/day. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1068 consumption >= 40 g/day was an independent risk factor for @entity157 : for 40-69 g/day the HR was 2.48 (95% CI, 1.01-6.05; P  <  .047) and for >= 70 g/day the HR was 12.61 (95% CI, 5.68-28.00; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a multicenter, retrospective analysis of almost 10,000 @entity1 with @entity409 , @entity1068 consumption >= 40 g/day is an independent risk factor for @entity157 .

title: Effects of @entity285 Consumption on Hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese XXXX With @entity409 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: In recent years, great development has been made in @entity5 therapeutics with replication-competent viruses (oncolytic viruses). Genetically modified adenovirus is one of promising viruses. The current study was designed to evaluate the safety of intratumoral H101, an @entity6860 deleted adenovirus. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with H101 in a dose-escalation manner (from 5 x 10(7) VP to 1.5 x 10(12) VP per day for 5 consecutive days). Systemic examination was performed prior to injection. Physical signs (including weight, temperature, respiration,pulse, and blood pressure) and @entity137 were observed and recorded carefully during treatment. Adenoviral DNA in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site from different time-point were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Evaluation of @entity137 in all 15 cases was available. All @entity1 tolerated well following intratumoral injection of H101. Dose limited @entity137 (DLT) and serious adverse event (SAE) were not found in the course of treatment. Main side effects were injection site @entity158 (60.0%) and @entity221 (33.3%). Adenoviral DNA was undetectable in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the @entity137 of intratumoral injection of @entity6860 deleted adenovirus (H101) were lower and tolerable. There is no evidence indicating the invasion. These results suggested that intratumorally injected H101 is safe.

title: [Safety of an XXXX deleted adenovirus administered intratumorally to @entity1 with @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer']

answer: @entity6860 :: (6080,Gene) :: ['E1B']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: In recent years, great development has been made in @entity5 therapeutics with replication-competent viruses (oncolytic viruses). Genetically modified adenovirus is one of promising viruses. The current study was designed to evaluate the safety of intratumoral H101, an @entity6860 deleted adenovirus. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with H101 in a dose-escalation manner (from 5 x 10(7) VP to 1.5 x 10(12) VP per day for 5 consecutive days). Systemic examination was performed prior to injection. Physical signs (including weight, temperature, respiration,pulse, and blood pressure) and @entity137 were observed and recorded carefully during treatment. Adenoviral DNA in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site from different time-point were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Evaluation of @entity137 in all 15 cases was available. All @entity1 tolerated well following intratumoral injection of H101. Dose limited @entity137 (DLT) and serious adverse event (SAE) were not found in the course of treatment. Main side effects were injection site @entity158 (60.0%) and @entity221 (33.3%). Adenoviral DNA was undetectable in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the @entity137 of intratumoral injection of @entity6860 deleted adenovirus (H101) were lower and tolerable. There is no evidence indicating the invasion. These results suggested that intratumorally injected H101 is safe.

title: [Safety of an @entity6860 deleted adenovirus administered intratumorally to @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: In recent years, great development has been made in @entity5 therapeutics with replication-competent viruses (oncolytic viruses). Genetically modified adenovirus is one of promising viruses. The current study was designed to evaluate the safety of intratumoral H101, an @entity6860 deleted adenovirus. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with H101 in a dose-escalation manner (from 5 x 10(7) VP to 1.5 x 10(12) VP per day for 5 consecutive days). Systemic examination was performed prior to injection. Physical signs (including weight, temperature, respiration,pulse, and blood pressure) and @entity137 were observed and recorded carefully during treatment. Adenoviral DNA in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site from different time-point were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Evaluation of @entity137 in all 15 cases was available. All @entity1 tolerated well following intratumoral injection of H101. Dose limited @entity137 (DLT) and serious adverse event (SAE) were not found in the course of treatment. Main side effects were injection site @entity158 (60.0%) and @entity221 (33.3%). Adenoviral DNA was undetectable in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the @entity137 of intratumoral injection of @entity6860 deleted adenovirus (H101) were lower and tolerable. There is no evidence indicating the invasion. These results suggested that intratumorally injected H101 is safe.

title: [Safety of an @entity6860 deleted adenovirus administered intratumorally to XXXX with @entity5 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To construct new type of bone graft material by combining @entity78 cement (CPC) with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and then to detect its osteogenic activity. METHODS: The surface of CPC and @entity4411 /BMP composite were observed by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). CPC and CPC/BMP pellets were separately implanted into the thigh muscle pouches of @entity19 . Samples obtained at different times were tested by histological analysis, @entity4653 , organic substance detection, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement to observe the induced ectopic bone formation. RESULTS: Under @entity4653 , the CPC and CPC/BMP composite was found to consist primarily of platy crystals, granular crystals and some small rod-like crystals with micropores about 10-50 microm in size. BMP about 1-5 microm in size was seen like micro globules distributing evenly in the micropores. Newly formed cartilage or bone was not found in the CPC group. In the CPC/BMP group, mesenchymal cells were proliferated and abundant cartilage was found in one week. Woven bone appeared at 2 weeks. New bone formation increased with bone marrow at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, the implanted CPC/BMP became heterogeneous and a lot of collapsed granules were observed. At the end of 16 weeks, mature lamellar bone appeared and the volume of the implanted CPC/BMP became smaller. One week after implantation, the ALP increased evidently in the CPC/BMP groups and reached the highest level at the 4th week, which was about 168 U/L. The content of organic substance in specimens increased from 22% to 39% by the end of the 16th week, showing the continuous calcification and formation of new bone. @entity4653 also showed that the CPC/BMP composite had good potentiality of ectopic bone induction, and the new bone formed accompanied by the slow degradation of the material. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that the CPC/BMP composite could be used as material for bone graft substitute.

title: [Preparation and osteogenic activity of combining XXXX cement with bone morphogenetic protein composite as a bone graft material].

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['scanning electron microscope', 'SEM']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE: It is uncertain whether modest benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity14 justify the @entity137 , cost, and inconvenience. We investigated the usefulness of defective mismatch repair (dMMR), @entity817 , and @entity984 mutations in predicting @entity5 recurrence and sensitivity to chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for dMMR and pyrosequencing for @entity984 / @entity817 were performed for 1,913 @entity1 randomly assigned between @entity1487 and @entity4181 chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in the Quick and Simple and Reliable (QUASAR) trial. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of 695 right-sided colon, 3% of 685 left-sided colon, and 1% of 407 @entity5 were dMMR. Similarly, 17% of right colon, 2% of left colon, and 2% of @entity5 were @entity817 mutant. @entity984 mutant @entity5 were more evenly distributed: 40% right colon, 28% left colon, and 36% @entity5 . Recurrence rate for dMMR @entity5 was half that for MMR-proficient @entity5 (11% [25 of 218] v 26% [438 of 1,695] recurred; risk ratio [RR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.70; P < .001). Risk of recurrence was also significantly higher for @entity984 mutant than @entity984 wild-type @entity5 (28% [150 of 542] v 21% [219 of 1,041]; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.74; P = .002) but did not differ significantly between @entity817 mutant and wild-type @entity5 (P = .36). No marker predicted benefit from chemotherapy with efficacy not differing significantly by MMR, @entity984 , or @entity817 status. The prognostic value of MMR and @entity984 was similar in the presence and absence of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: MMR assays identify @entity1 with a low risk of recurrence. @entity984 mutational analysis provides useful additional risk stratification to guide use of chemotherapy.

title: Value of mismatch repair, XXXX , and @entity817 mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['stage II colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: PURPOSE: It is uncertain whether modest benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity14 justify the @entity137 , cost, and inconvenience. We investigated the usefulness of defective mismatch repair (dMMR), @entity817 , and @entity984 mutations in predicting @entity5 recurrence and sensitivity to chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for dMMR and pyrosequencing for @entity984 / @entity817 were performed for 1,913 @entity1 randomly assigned between @entity1487 and @entity4181 chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in the Quick and Simple and Reliable (QUASAR) trial. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of 695 right-sided colon, 3% of 685 left-sided colon, and 1% of 407 @entity5 were dMMR. Similarly, 17% of right colon, 2% of left colon, and 2% of @entity5 were @entity817 mutant. @entity984 mutant @entity5 were more evenly distributed: 40% right colon, 28% left colon, and 36% @entity5 . Recurrence rate for dMMR @entity5 was half that for MMR-proficient @entity5 (11% [25 of 218] v 26% [438 of 1,695] recurred; risk ratio [RR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.70; P < .001). Risk of recurrence was also significantly higher for @entity984 mutant than @entity984 wild-type @entity5 (28% [150 of 542] v 21% [219 of 1,041]; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.74; P = .002) but did not differ significantly between @entity817 mutant and wild-type @entity5 (P = .36). No marker predicted benefit from chemotherapy with efficacy not differing significantly by MMR, @entity984 , or @entity817 status. The prognostic value of MMR and @entity984 was similar in the presence and absence of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: MMR assays identify @entity1 with a low risk of recurrence. @entity984 mutational analysis provides useful additional risk stratification to guide use of chemotherapy.

title: Value of mismatch repair, @entity984 , and @entity817 mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: It is uncertain whether modest benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity14 justify the @entity137 , cost, and inconvenience. We investigated the usefulness of defective mismatch repair (dMMR), @entity817 , and @entity984 mutations in predicting @entity5 recurrence and sensitivity to chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for dMMR and pyrosequencing for @entity984 / @entity817 were performed for 1,913 @entity1 randomly assigned between @entity1487 and @entity4181 chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in the Quick and Simple and Reliable (QUASAR) trial. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of 695 right-sided colon, 3% of 685 left-sided colon, and 1% of 407 @entity5 were dMMR. Similarly, 17% of right colon, 2% of left colon, and 2% of @entity5 were @entity817 mutant. @entity984 mutant @entity5 were more evenly distributed: 40% right colon, 28% left colon, and 36% @entity5 . Recurrence rate for dMMR @entity5 was half that for MMR-proficient @entity5 (11% [25 of 218] v 26% [438 of 1,695] recurred; risk ratio [RR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.70; P < .001). Risk of recurrence was also significantly higher for @entity984 mutant than @entity984 wild-type @entity5 (28% [150 of 542] v 21% [219 of 1,041]; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.74; P = .002) but did not differ significantly between @entity817 mutant and wild-type @entity5 (P = .36). No marker predicted benefit from chemotherapy with efficacy not differing significantly by MMR, @entity984 , or @entity817 status. The prognostic value of MMR and @entity984 was similar in the presence and absence of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: MMR assays identify @entity1 with a low risk of recurrence. @entity984 mutational analysis provides useful additional risk stratification to guide use of chemotherapy.

title: Value of mismatch repair, @entity984 , and XXXX mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in @entity14 .

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: PURPOSE: Small series with limited follow-up have suggested primary @entity706 of the duodenum (FL-D) to be an indolent disease. We report our experience on a large series of @entity1 followed for a median time period of longer than 6 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprised 63 @entity1 with primary FL-D defined as stage I disease. Endoscopy and detailed pathologic work-up was performed at diagnosis and at restaging to monitor the behavior of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Histologically, all 63 @entity1 had FL, low grade (1 to 2). @entity75 confined to mucosa/submucosa in 19 of 20 @entity1 . At an overall median follow-up of 77 months (range, 12 to 177 months), only two untreated @entity1 had developed @entity66 , the remaining 61 @entity1 never experienced extrasmall @entity1944 and large cell transformation did not occur at all. Among 24 @entity1 followed by watch and wait strategy, seven showed spontaneous complete regression and 17 had stable disease; radiotherapy resulted in complete regression in all 19 patients; anti- @entity2225 antibody monotherapy achieved complete regression in four @entity1 and stable disease in one @entity1 . Various chemotherapy protocols in eight @entity1 caused complete regression in all of them, but local relapses occurred in three. No @entity1 required surgery or died of disease. CONCLUSION: These findings characterize primary FL-D as a remarkably indolent FL variant, which, even left untreated, does not develop @entity5 growth, very rarely disseminates (two of 63 @entity1 ) and does not transform to high grade disease. A watch and wait approach appears to be the most sensible strategy.

title: @entity706 of the duodenum is a distinct XXXX : a retrospective study of 63 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal endosonography demonstrated lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic process', 'tumorous']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['mucosal/submucosal variant of follicular lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Small series with limited follow-up have suggested primary @entity706 of the duodenum (FL-D) to be an indolent disease. We report our experience on a large series of @entity1 followed for a median time period of longer than 6 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprised 63 @entity1 with primary FL-D defined as stage I disease. Endoscopy and detailed pathologic work-up was performed at diagnosis and at restaging to monitor the behavior of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Histologically, all 63 @entity1 had FL, low grade (1 to 2). @entity75 confined to mucosa/submucosa in 19 of 20 @entity1 . At an overall median follow-up of 77 months (range, 12 to 177 months), only two untreated @entity1 had developed @entity66 , the remaining 61 @entity1 never experienced extrasmall @entity1944 and large cell transformation did not occur at all. Among 24 @entity1 followed by watch and wait strategy, seven showed spontaneous complete regression and 17 had stable disease; radiotherapy resulted in complete regression in all 19 patients; anti- @entity2225 antibody monotherapy achieved complete regression in four @entity1 and stable disease in one @entity1 . Various chemotherapy protocols in eight @entity1 caused complete regression in all of them, but local relapses occurred in three. No @entity1 required surgery or died of disease. CONCLUSION: These findings characterize primary FL-D as a remarkably indolent FL variant, which, even left untreated, does not develop @entity5 growth, very rarely disseminates (two of 63 @entity1 ) and does not transform to high grade disease. A watch and wait approach appears to be the most sensible strategy.

title: XXXX of the duodenum is a distinct @entity706 : a retrospective study of 63 cases.

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Primary follicular lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the effect of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% @entity6839 solutions in the treatment of post-iridectomy residual angle-closure @entity726 . METHODS: Laser peripheral iridectomy was performed and 68 cases (68 eyes) of post-iridectomy residual angle-closure @entity726 were selected and treated with 0.005% latanoprost once at night as the study group and 0.5% @entity6839 twice a day as the control group Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before treatment, on day 3, week 1, week 2, week 4, month 2, month 3 and month 6 in the follow-up, and visual acuity, visual field and C/D ratio were monitored. RESULTS: Of 68 @entity1 , 56 (82.4%) complete the 6 month follow-up. The basic IOP for all subjects in two groups before treatment was not statistically different (t = 0.236, P = 0.814). After the treatment for three days, the efficiency in IOP reduction was statistically different between 2 groups with repeated measure ANOVA (F = 287.441, P < 0.001). In each group, the IOP after treatment was statistically different from that at baseline, with t = 14.103, P < 0.001 and t = 10.308, P < 0.001 in the latanoprost and @entity6839 groups respectively. For those @entity1 who finished 6 months' follow-up, the IOP difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant with repeated measure ANOVA (F = 74.259, P < 0.001). The IOP was statistically reduced in both the latanoprost and the @entity6839 groups with F = 148.787, P < 0.001 and F = 54.875, P < 0.001 respectively. At each follow-up time, the IOP in latanoprost group was statistically different from that of the @entity6839 group with t values to be -6.127, -5.930, -6.201, -5.931, -7.412, -6.640 and -6.756 (P < 0.001). The IOP was statistically different from that before treatment in each group with a mean difference to be -7.034 approximately -6.897 in the latanoprost group and -4.704 approximately -5.000 in the @entity6839 group (P < 0.001). The IOP was not statistically different within each group in the follow-up with mean difference of 0.034 approximately 0.138 (P = 0.904 approximately 0.629) in the latanoprost group and a mean difference of 0.037 approximately 0.296 (P = 0.910 approximately 0.366) in the @entity6839 group. The best-corrected visual acuity, visual field and C/D ratio were not significantly changed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% @entity6839 can be used in the drug therapy of post-iridectomy angle-closure @entity726 and the efficiency of 0.005% latanoprost is better than of 0.5% @entity6839 . Drug therapy of post-iridectomy angle-closure @entity726 is a practical strategy.

title: [Drug therapy for residual angle-closure XXXX after laser iridectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The mechanisms responsible for malignant @entity943 associated with reperfusion of @entity63 myocardium were delineated with a computerized, three-dimensional mapping system, with simultaneous eight-level transmural recordings from 232 bipolar sites. In six @entity4486 -anesthetized @entity468 , regional @entity63 was induced for 10 min by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion. At 10 min after @entity63 , just before reperfusion, total ventricular activation time during sinus rhythm was significantly delayed (63 +/- 8 vs 25 +/- 2 msec before @entity63 , p less than .001). @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) occurred within 15 sec after reperfusion and in three animals culminated in @entity2224 . In 75% of cases of nonsustained @entity1165 , initiation occurred in the subendocardium, at the border of the reperfused zone via a mechanism not involving reentry, as determined by the fact that continuous activation was not apparent and the time from the end of the sinus beat to the beginning of @entity1165 (142 +/- 14 msec) was not associated with any intervening depolarizations. In the remaining 25% of cases of nonsustained @entity1165 , initiation of the @entity1165 resulted from intramural reentry in the subendocardium adjacent to the site of delayed midmyocardial activation from the preceding sinus beat (total activation time = 151 +/- 9 msec, p less than .001 vs just before reperfusion). This reentrant mechanism was similar to that responsible for the majority of cases of @entity1165 during @entity63 without reperfusion. Maintenance of @entity1165 during reperfusion occurred by nonreentrant mechanisms as well as by intramural reentry, with most cases of @entity1165 involving both mechanisms. @entity1165 leading to @entity2224 was initiated in the subendocardium at the border of the reperfused zone by a nonreentrant mechanism and was maintained by both nonreentrant and reentrant mechanisms, at times in combination in the same beat. The coupling interval of the first ectopic beat of @entity1165 leading to @entity2224 was not significantly different from that of nonsustained @entity1165 (199 +/- 16 vs 189 +/- 9 msec, p = NS). However, during the transition from @entity1165 to @entity2224 , nonreentrant mechanisms arising both in the subendocardium and subepicardium led to very rapid acceleration of the @entity591 to the coupling interval of 92 +/- 2 msec, resulting in enhanced functional block and further conduction delay, with the total activation time of the transition beats exceeding the coupling interval of the @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Electrophysiologic mechanisms underlying XXXX due to reperfusion of @entity63 myocardium.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: The mechanisms responsible for malignant @entity943 associated with reperfusion of @entity63 myocardium were delineated with a computerized, three-dimensional mapping system, with simultaneous eight-level transmural recordings from 232 bipolar sites. In six @entity4486 -anesthetized @entity468 , regional @entity63 was induced for 10 min by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion. At 10 min after @entity63 , just before reperfusion, total ventricular activation time during sinus rhythm was significantly delayed (63 +/- 8 vs 25 +/- 2 msec before @entity63 , p less than .001). @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) occurred within 15 sec after reperfusion and in three animals culminated in @entity2224 . In 75% of cases of nonsustained @entity1165 , initiation occurred in the subendocardium, at the border of the reperfused zone via a mechanism not involving reentry, as determined by the fact that continuous activation was not apparent and the time from the end of the sinus beat to the beginning of @entity1165 (142 +/- 14 msec) was not associated with any intervening depolarizations. In the remaining 25% of cases of nonsustained @entity1165 , initiation of the @entity1165 resulted from intramural reentry in the subendocardium adjacent to the site of delayed midmyocardial activation from the preceding sinus beat (total activation time = 151 +/- 9 msec, p less than .001 vs just before reperfusion). This reentrant mechanism was similar to that responsible for the majority of cases of @entity1165 during @entity63 without reperfusion. Maintenance of @entity1165 during reperfusion occurred by nonreentrant mechanisms as well as by intramural reentry, with most cases of @entity1165 involving both mechanisms. @entity1165 leading to @entity2224 was initiated in the subendocardium at the border of the reperfused zone by a nonreentrant mechanism and was maintained by both nonreentrant and reentrant mechanisms, at times in combination in the same beat. The coupling interval of the first ectopic beat of @entity1165 leading to @entity2224 was not significantly different from that of nonsustained @entity1165 (199 +/- 16 vs 189 +/- 9 msec, p = NS). However, during the transition from @entity1165 to @entity2224 , nonreentrant mechanisms arising both in the subendocardium and subepicardium led to very rapid acceleration of the @entity591 to the coupling interval of 92 +/- 2 msec, resulting in enhanced functional block and further conduction delay, with the total activation time of the transition beats exceeding the coupling interval of the @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Electrophysiologic mechanisms underlying @entity943 due to reperfusion of XXXX myocardium.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new single-incision mini-sling (SIMS)-Ajust-compared with the standard transobturator midurethral sling (SMUS)-Align-for the treatment of female stress @entity322 (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2012. @entity1 with SUI who underwent either SMUS-Align or SIMS-Ajust were recruited. The primary outcomes included operation time, estimated operative @entity190 , @entity282 , and complications. The secondary outcomes included subjective and objective success, defined as an International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) score of 0 or improvement as felt by the @entity1 and a long-term complication, such as @entity546 and @entity2681 after 6 months and 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 136 @entity1 were enrolled, including 76 receiving SMUS-Align and 60 receiving SIMS-Ajust. Baseline characteristics of the @entity1 in both groups were similar, without a statistically significant difference. Primary outcomes between both groups were similar, except that @entity1 treated with SIMS-Ajust had statistically significantly shorter operation time (p  =  0.003), less intent to treat (p  <  0.05), and earlier @entity86 (p  =  0.001) than @entity1 treated with SMUS-Align. Secondary outcomes were similar without a significant difference between the two groups (93% vs. 88% success rate in each group). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that SIMS-Ajust was not inferior to SMUS-Align with respect to success rate, and might have a slight advantage in early discharge. A long-term follow-up or prospective study is needed to confirm the above findings.

title: Comparison of single-incision mini-slings (Ajust) and standard transobturator midurethral slings (Align) in the management of female stress XXXX : A 1-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['mesh erosion']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative discharge']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the influence of radiation volume on outcome in pediatric @entity980 ( @entity980 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty @entity1 ranging in age from 2 to 18 years (median 6) with PM-RMS were treated at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia between August 1988 and December 1999. The histologic subtypes included embryonal (n = 26), alveolar (n = 3), and undifferentiated (n = 1). Twenty-seven @entity1 had Group III and three had Group IV disease. Twenty-seven @entity1 underwent biopsy only and three subtotal resection. All @entity1 were treated with multiple-agent chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy. In 8 @entity1 , all of whom had @entity5 extension, the @entity5 and whole brain were treated as the initial volume. In the remaining @entity1 , most of those treated before 1992 were treated to the prechemotherapy (CMT) @entity5 volume for the entire treatment up to the total dose, which ranged from 45 to 59.4 Gy (median dose 57.9). In contrast, @entity1 treated after 1992 generally received radiation initially to the pre-CMT volume (30.6-40 Gy; median dose 36) followed by a conedown to the post-CMT volume to a final dose of 41.4-55.2 Gy (median 50.4). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 6.2 years (range 2.1-13.3), the actuarial 5-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local control rate for the entire group was 82%, 76%, and 76%, respectively. Seven failures and five deaths have been documented. In univariate analysis, histologic type, @entity5 size, and age at diagnosis were found to be predictive of overall survival and local control. No statistically significant difference in overall survival or local control was seen between @entity1 who received a conedown to the post-CMT volume (n = 13) and @entity1 in whom the pre-CMT volume was included for the entire treatment (n = 9). CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy delivered to @entity1 with PM-RMS using a shrinking field technique with a post-CMT volume boost was effective and appears to give results comparable to those of @entity1 in whom the pre-CMT volume was treated for the entire course. The use of such tailored treatment fields is likely to lead to fewer late effects and warrants further investigation.

title: Volumetric considerations in radiotherapy for pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas', 'PM-RMSs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumor']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1 liver is known to be a relatively radiosensitive organ that develops clinically relevant late @entity99 subsequent to whole liver treatment with total doses above 30 Gy in conventional fractionation. Experimental data, as well as clinical series, have demonstrated that @entity221 of solid @entity5 in addition to radiotherapy enhances @entity5 growth inhibition and @entity5 control probability. We therefore developed an experimental model for combined radiotherapy and @entity221 of the liver in transplantable @entity35 Morris @entity157 3924A. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cube of approximately 8 mm(3) was implanted subcapsularly into the middle liver lobe of 59 male syngenic ACI @entity35 weighing approximately 180-200 g. On Day 16 after @entity5 implantation, irradiation of the @entity96 with either 0 Gy/25 Gy/35 Gy/45 Gy total dose in 10 fractions +/- @entity221 (target temperature 40-42 degrees C) twice a week was initiated. Energy deposition was monitored by temperature probes in the liver and esophagus of the @entity35 . Determination of @entity5 volume with magnetic resonance imaging was performed 2 to 5 weeks after the end of therapy. The @entity5 growth rates could be estimated for 44 @entity35 . If the growth rate was positive (37 @entity35 ), the inverse of the growth rate was interpreted as the time to 10-fold @entity5 volume. Otherwise the maximum observation time was considered as a censored value in a parametric survival analysis. RESULTS: Intrahepatic temperature probes showed a temperature plateau of greater than 40 degrees C after 5 to 8 min subsequent to initiation of @entity221 . The target temperatures could be maintained for at least 22 min > or =40 degrees C and 10 min > or =41 degrees C, respectively. Median plateau temperature in liver, esophagus, and epicutaneously was 41.2 degrees C (standard deviation [SD] 0.7 degrees C; range 38.2 to 43.3 degrees C), 40.4 degrees C (SD 1.08 degrees C; range 38.9 to 41.8 degrees C), and 40.8 degrees C (SD 0.8 degrees C; range 38.2 to 42.7 degrees C), respectively. Elevation of the temperature in the esophagus correlated with intrahepatic temperatures in the range of 39-42 degrees C, r = 0.957. The increase in time to 10-fold @entity5 volume for each step of irradiation dosage was by 34% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20% to 49%) without @entity221 and by 60% (95% CI 47% to 80%) with @entity221 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Treatment outcome after experimental percutaneous thermoradiotherapy in @entity7283 3924A was related to total dose of irradiation and concurrently administered regional @entity221 . An increased radiosensitivity due to @entity221 (<42 degrees C) has to be assumed.

title: Experimental thermoradiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-bearing liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7283 :: ('MESH:D008114', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatically implanted Morris hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['radiation hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['malignant hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the canal fillings performed by thermoplastic technique (Herofill) and @entity17819 ( @entity17819 ) techniques in oval shaped canals following @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) preparation using radiological, stereological, and microscopic evaluation methods. Twelve pairs of oval-shaped root canals were prepared with @entity2166 and filled using @entity17819 (n   =   12) or the Herofill system (n   =   12). The quality of the root canal filling was evaluated by (i) scoring bidirectional storage phosphor plate images, (ii) stereological (volumetric) analysis of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images, and (iii) microscopic analysis of the cross-sectioned area of the canal and gutta-percha via image analysis software. Chi-square test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used respectively (p   <   0.05) for the aforementioned evaluations. 58.33% of the fillings (total n   =   24) that were found to be sufficient in a bucco-lingual (BL) projection were considered insufficient in the @entity9321 ( @entity9321 ) projection according to radiological scoring. The difference in the findings between the two types of projections (BL and @entity9321 ) was significant (p   <   0.05). The results of the stereological evaluation of CBCT images and image analysis of cross-sections showed no statistically significant difference between the @entity17819 and Herofill (p   >   0.05). Herofill was not superior to cold lateral compaction. Stereology can be used to obtain unbiased information about the volume of root canal fillings. Both filling techniques failed to achieve the desirable goal of 0% empty volume in all of the cases and all evaluation systems confirmed this result. SCANNING 38:427-433, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Radiological, stereological, and microscopic evaluation of the quality of canal fillings in oval-shaped root canals prepared with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9321 :: ('MESH:D049310', 'Disease') :: ['mesio-distal', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity17819 :: ('MESH:C565384', 'Disease') :: ['CLC', 'cold lateral condensation']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['SAF', 'self-adjusting file']

answer: @entity2166 :: (MESH:D000275,Disease) :: ['self-adjusting file']