abstract: Since january 1970-december 1982, 58 @entity1 underwent emergently appendectomy for @entity697 . 31 (53,4 percent) where males; the average age was 21 +/- 2,3 years (M +/- SEM). The duration of symptoms ranged from 1-6 hours (10,3 percent of cases) to over 48 hours, before the hospital admission (15,4 percent of cases). 27 @entity1 (46,5 percent) had a clinical examination at home by a physician. 21 @entity1 (36,4 percent) came to hospital emergency unit without previous physical examination; 10 (17,2 percent) were transferred from other departments. In 6,9 percent of cases was present a @entity698 with @entity298 . During operation, in 50 percent of @entity1 was performed a therapeutic peritoneal lavage. In 63,7 percent of cases multiple drains were placed in peritoneal cavity. In all @entity1 was effected postoperative antibiotic profilaxis. The mortality rate was 3,4 percent. General complications were observed more in @entity1 with @entity698 . This review suggests the following remarcable data: morbidity of this disease is still high; the physical examination is more important than laboratory work (especially in the elderly @entity1 , which are often immunodepressed and in @entity1 , with @entity2055 at hospital admission); early surgery is the most important factor to the improvement of prognosis in these cases and the results of surgical treatment are improved by large vertical incisions, peritoneal lavage and application of multiple intracavitary drains.

title: [ XXXX : clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['leucocitosis-lack']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute appendicitis']


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity5 obtained from 15 @entity1 with @entity320 . In 18 of the 22 @entity5 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity5 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity137 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity5 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was @entity137 as judged by @entity3460 exclusion. The frequency of @entity5 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity5 developed @entity137 activity. When @entity1199 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity5 increased, and the frequency of @entity137 @entity5 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity1199 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity5 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity5 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity1199 and tested for @entity137 against @entity5 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity5041 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity1 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity5 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity320 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity320 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity1199 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity1 were assayed for @entity137 activity against @entity320 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity5 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity320 @entity1 were predominantly @entity137 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity5 cells after in vitro culture; @entity1199 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity137 activity such that they eliminated @entity5 cells.

title: @entity1199 activation of XXXX T-lymphocytes infiltrating into @entity1 metastatic @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'autologous and allogenic tumor', 'tumor-binding cells', 'TBC', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma', 'autologous and allogenic melanomas']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxic']


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity5 obtained from 15 @entity1 with @entity320 . In 18 of the 22 @entity5 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity5 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity137 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity5 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was @entity137 as judged by @entity3460 exclusion. The frequency of @entity5 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity5 developed @entity137 activity. When @entity1199 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity5 increased, and the frequency of @entity137 @entity5 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity1199 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity5 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity5 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity1199 and tested for @entity137 against @entity5 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity5041 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity1 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity5 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity320 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity320 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity1199 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity1 were assayed for @entity137 activity against @entity320 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity5 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity320 @entity1 were predominantly @entity137 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity5 cells after in vitro culture; @entity1199 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity137 activity such that they eliminated @entity5 cells.

title: XXXX activation of @entity137 T-lymphocytes infiltrating into @entity1 metastatic @entity320 .

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['Interleukin 2']


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity5 obtained from 15 @entity1 with @entity320 . In 18 of the 22 @entity5 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity5 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity137 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity5 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was @entity137 as judged by @entity3460 exclusion. The frequency of @entity5 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity5 developed @entity137 activity. When @entity1199 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity5 increased, and the frequency of @entity137 @entity5 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity1199 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity5 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity5 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity1199 and tested for @entity137 against @entity5 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity5041 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity1 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity5 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity320 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity320 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity1199 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity1 were assayed for @entity137 activity against @entity320 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity5 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity320 @entity1 were predominantly @entity137 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity5 cells after in vitro culture; @entity1199 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity137 activity such that they eliminated @entity5 cells.

title: @entity1199 activation of @entity137 T-lymphocytes infiltrating into @entity1 metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity5 obtained from 15 @entity1 with @entity320 . In 18 of the 22 @entity5 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity5 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity137 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity5 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was @entity137 as judged by @entity3460 exclusion. The frequency of @entity5 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity5 developed @entity137 activity. When @entity1199 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity5 increased, and the frequency of @entity137 @entity5 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity1199 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity5 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity5 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity1199 and tested for @entity137 against @entity5 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity5041 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity1 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity5 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity320 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity320 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity1199 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity1 were assayed for @entity137 activity against @entity320 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity5 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity320 @entity1 were predominantly @entity137 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity5 cells after in vitro culture; @entity1199 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity137 activity such that they eliminated @entity5 cells.

title: @entity1199 activation of @entity137 T-lymphocytes infiltrating into XXXX metastatic @entity320 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 is the leading cause of @entity5 deaths in the general population in Chile, with mortality rates as high as 33.7 per 105 in males in the IX region. A chain of genetic and morphological events precedes the intestinal type of @entity356 . One of them is the called multifocal @entity4726 often associated with intestinal metaplasia. AIM: To study the frequency of @entity124 ( @entity124 ) and loss of heterocigozity (LOH) in neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of @entity356 , especially intestinal metaplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety four @entity356 biopsies were studied using laser capture microdissection, to obtain well defined cell populations from paraffin-embedded tissues: lymphocytes (control DNA), intestinal metaplasia and @entity356 areas. Primer flanking microsatellite 15 highly polymorphic regions were used to study @entity124 and LOH. Radioactive PCR products were electrophoresed and exposed for autoradiography. RESULTS: LOH was observed in 83% of @entity356 and in 54% areas containing intestinal metaplasia. The most commonly altered regions were the CA repeat associated with the @entity876 gene and the 3p21 region. High grade @entity124 was observed in 11.7% of @entity356 preparations and 17% of intestinal metaplasia associated to @entity5 with @entity124 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: @entity124 and LOH were frequently observed in intestinal metaplasia glands in @entity1 with @entity356 . The frequency of @entity124 phenotype in gastric @entity1 was slightly lower than the one described in sporadic @entity14 not associated to HNPCC. The high incidence of @entity74 in intestinal metaplasia area, support the idea that intestinal metaplasia is a genetically highly unstable cell population.

title: [ XXXX and loss of heterozygosity in neoplastic and preneoplastic gastric lesions].

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-H', 'MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity124 :: (MESH:D053842,Disease) :: ['Microsatellite instability']


abstract: @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, clinically, immunologically, and pathologically. @entity981 of a B cell phenotype (B- @entity981 ) is the least common. We have studied ten adult @entity1 with B- @entity981 , none of whom had a @entity5 mass. The median age was 56 years (range, 30 to 90). A history of an altered immune state was noted in four cases: a distant history of @entity2621 in one, pregnancy in one, and @entity791 in two. Two @entity1 presented with CNS involvement, and in two additional @entity1 @entity1778 developed during the course of disease. By the French-American-British (FAB) classification system, L3 leukemic morphology was present in nine, whereas L2 was present in one. Circulating @entity1778 varied from less than 500/dL to greater than 15,000/dL. Eight @entity1 were @entity882 , and eight were anemic at presentation. Immunologic marker studies on @entity1778 revealed monoclonal kappa light chain marking in nine and monoclonal lambda in one. Following chemotherapy, complete remission was achieved in three @entity1 , two of whom experienced relapse within 9 months. The median survival for the group was 3 months, and only one @entity1 experienced long-term, disease-free survival. We conclude that B- @entity981 in the adult presents with the classic L3 morphologic picture in the majority and is associated with extremely short survival.

title: B cell XXXX in adults. Clinical, morphologic, and immunologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'Acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts', 'CNS leukemia']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2210 is common in western society. Prompt endoscopy is imperative in all @entity1 with sinister symptoms or if symptoms first appear after the age of 50-55 years, but the optimal management of younger @entity1 with @entity2210 is still open to debate. METHODS: The literature on the management of @entity2210 is reviewed and a personal view is presented. RESULTS: Strategies based on non-invasive detection of @entity1534 are probably the most cost-effective. Currently ( @entity1534 prevalence 30%-40%), a 'test and treat' approach using a non-invasive test to detect @entity1534 is likely to be the most efficient first step. If the @entity1 is @entity1534 -negative or if symptoms persist after successful @entity1534 eradication, empirical treatment with an anti-secretory drug is justified. Endoscopy is reserved for those @entity1 in whom this approach fails. If the prevalence of @entity1534 decreases, the positive predictive value of any non-invasive @entity1534 test will become too low. A 'test and scope' approach in which a positive test can be confirmed by two or more biopsy-based tests is then more appropriate. At a very low prevalence of @entity1534 in the dyspeptic population, non-invasive testing for @entity1534 loses its significance and empirical treatment with an antisecretory drug becomes a rational first step. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal approach to management of @entity2210 is dependent on the prevalence of @entity1534 among the dyspeptic population. At the current prevalence rate, 'test and treat', followed by acid suppressive treatment in the case of persisting symptoms, is the most appropriate strategy.

title: XXXX management in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated dyspepsia', 'Dyspepsia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['Dyspepsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the significance of recurrent pregnancies for the progression of @entity1723 as well as the glycemic level and the occurrence of @entity1468 in consecutive pregnancies of the same Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective population-based birth cohort from the years 1986-95, comprising data of all (n = 210) Type 1 @entity6 mothers and their 296 births in a geographically defined catchment area. Of the 125 primiparous @entity1 , 46 had their first two pregnancies during the study period. The courses of their first and second pregnancies were compared to determine the level of glycemic control and the occurrence and recurrence of complications, such as @entity1468 and aggravated @entity989 . The characteristics of the 53 @entity1 who remained primiparous were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity989 was aggravated more often during the first pregnancy (95% CI 0.1-1.0), but its incidence did not increase further by the beginning of the second pregnancy. @entity1468 complicated 16.9% of all pregnancies: it was more common during the first than second pregnancy (95% CI 0.3-1.5) and its occurrence increased with the increasing severity of @entity6 . Glycemic control was better in the second pregnancy, including both the periconceptional period (95% CI 0.7-2.8) and the later stages of pregnancy (95% CI 1.1-4.7). The @entity1 in the White classes F/R most often remained primiparous. CONCLUSIONS: @entity989 was aggravated most often during the first pregnancy, but its infrequent occurrence in the second pregnancy reflects the reversible nature of these changes. The significance of the past pregnancy experience contributed to the increased tendency for optimal glycemic control in the second pregnancy.

title: Are recurrent pregnancies a risk in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'Pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'Retinopathy']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Type 1 diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity263 face difficult choices when selecting a therapy for @entity263 . Comparative data from controlled studies are lacking and clinical opinions diverge about the benefits and harms of treatment options. Consequently, there is limited guidance for @entity1 regarding the impact of treatment decisions on quality of life. There are opportunities for public health to intervene at several decision-making points. Information on typical quality of life outcomes associated with specific @entity263 treatments could help @entity1 select treatment options. From 2003 to present, the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at CDC has supported projects to explore @entity1 information-seeking behavior post-diagnosis, caregiver and provider involvement in treatment decision making, and @entity1 quality of life following @entity263 treatment. CDC's work also includes research that explores barriers and facilitators to the presentation of active surveillance as a viable treatment option and promotes equal access to information for @entity1 and their caregivers. This article provides an overview of the literature and considerations that initiated establishing a prospective public health research agenda around treatment decision making. Insights gathered from CDC-supported studies are poised to enhance understanding of the process of shared decision making and the influence of @entity1 , caregiver, and provider preferences on the selection of treatment choices. These findings provide guidance about attributes that maximize @entity1 experiences in survivorship, including optimal quality of life and @entity1 and caregiver satisfaction with information, treatment decisions, and subsequent care.

title: Evolution of a CDC Public Health Research Agenda for Low-Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: This study reports a 4 year experience using CT for preoperative staging and for evaluation of @entity1 with @entity189 after surgery. All @entity1 were evaluated on a GE 8800 scanner using 1 cm contiguous slices. Only 15 of the 25 preoperative @entity1 were staged correctly. The other 10 @entity1 were understaged by CT. The accuracy of detecting local invasion was 70%, but only seven (35%) of 20 @entity1 had accurate assessment of lymph nodes. The overall accuracy of CT staging in the 46 postoperative @entity1 was 87%, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 72%. Most recurrences were found in the pelvis; 16 @entity1 had liver metastases, and metastatic disease obstructing the ureters was detected in eight @entity1 . On the basis of these results, it was concluded that CT should not be used routinely to preoperatively stage @entity1 with @entity189 . However, all @entity1 who have undergone resection for @entity189 should have aggressive CT evaluation including a baseline study at 2-4 months and then follow-up studies at every 6 months for at least 2 years. All new or enlarging masses should have CT-guided biopsies. This approach may prolong survival by detecting early asymptomatic recurrences.

title: Preoperative and postoperative CT staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectosigmoid carcinoma', 'rectal and sigmoid carcinoma', 'rectal or sigmoid carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectosigmoid carcinoma']


abstract: The development of @entity715 in the portal bed of cirrhotic @entity1 presents special problems in diagnosis and treatment. In the cirrhotic population treated for portal @entity101 at our Surgical Department during the period 1967-1983 (512 @entity1 ), the incidence of @entity715 in the portal bed was 16.6% (85 @entity1 ). Bleeding was the main presenting symptom (70/85), with a mean of four episodes prior to treatment. Careful angiographic studies and intraoperative evaluation are fundamental steps to determine the exact anatomical involvement, the presence of recanalized veins or fresh occluding clots, and the applicability of shunt procedures. A massive portosplenomesenteric involvement often associated with poor surgical possibilities was found in 19 @entity1 (22.3%). The presence of partially recanalized veins and fresh occluding clot suitable for disobliterative techniques prior to shunt was found in 16 @entity1 , and out of 73 operated @entity1 a total of 55 shunt procedures could be performed. Fifty-three @entity1 who bled from varices could be followed up to 5 years: 39 underwent a shunt procedure with a 51.2% 5-year survival rate, while only one of 14 nonshunted or nonoperated survived up to 3 years, and a lethal @entity548 was the cause of @entity204 in all but one. Disobliterative techniques (Fogarty thrombectomy and endovenectomy of intimal fibrotic thickenings) prior to shunting provided a good long-term patency rate with a 50% protection from lethal @entity548 recurrences. Nonshunt procedures and the extensive involvement of the portal bed are associated with bad prognosis. Also, endoscopic sclerotherapy, attempted in @entity1 with massive @entity715 , could not prevent recurrences and @entity204 from @entity548 . Despite a 30% failure rate in our study, shunting surgery should be considered the only therapeutical possibility of preventing further @entity715 and consequent life threatening @entity548 episodes.

title: XXXX in cirrhotics. A retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic obstruction', 'thrombotic recurrences']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Portal thrombosis']


abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is an effective treatment option for @entity1 with severe @entity1007 not adequately responding to diet and drug therapy. Membrane differential filtration (MDF), synonymous with double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), here named Lipidfiltration, and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) are two of the five methods available for extracorporeal LDL apheresis. In this prospective investigation 6 @entity1 with severe LDL- @entity1007 and CAD were treated in a cross-over design with Lipidfiltration at two stages of technical development and @entity2101 to compare the efficacy of these two LDL apheresis methods with respect to lowering and modifying plasma lipids and rheologically relevant plasma proteins, especially fibrinogen. In total, 44 LDL apheresis sessions were investigated. In weekly intervals, @entity1 were treated with consecutive LDL apheresis sessions with either Lipidfiltration and @entity2101 , treating identical plasma volumes. In one part of the investigation Lipidfiltration was performed with the novel Lipidfilter EC-50, combined with a newly developed blood and plasma therapy machine allowing optimized plasma heating. The results showed that the reduction rates of LDL- @entity165 , lipoprotein(a) and @entity1674 were essentially identical for both methods. Also pretreatment levels of total @entity165 , @entity1674 , LDL- @entity165 and HDL- @entity165 were not significantly different in both treatment groups. Both methods lead to a significant reduction of serum lipoproteins, especially for LDL- @entity165 , which was decreased by 61.4% with Lipidfiltration (treated plasma volume: 2998 ml) and 61.3% with @entity2101 (treated plasma volume: 3013 ml). With respect to Lipidfiltration LDL- @entity165 reduction was more efficient with the novel Lipidfilter EC-50. Mean pretreatment HDL @entity165 concentrations remained unchanged. Comparing Cascadeflo AC-1770 with the novel Lipidfilter EC-50 reduction rates of HDL- @entity165 (17.4% versus 6.4%) and total protein (17.9% versus 7.8%) were significantly reduced. Lipidfiltration and @entity2101 both resulted in a reduction of plasma viscosity and hemorheologically relevant plasma proteins, like fibrinogen.

title: Intraindividual comparison of two extracorporeal LDL apheresis methods: lipidfiltration and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HELP', 'heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL-precipitation']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['HELP']


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of @entity11347 therapy in association with preoperative @entity4396 agonist (GnRHa) therapy on the reduction of @entity1868 volume. Twenty @entity1 with @entity1868 uteri were divided into two groups. Group I was given monthly @entity43013 (3.75 mg every 28 days IM) treatment for six months. As for group II, @entity11347 was added on to this treatment. For all of the @entity1 , physical examinations, pelvic ultrasonography, and hormone analyses were carried out and the @entity1868 volume was measured by ultrasonography. The @entity1 were called every month and physical examination, ultrasonography and hormone analyses were repeated. Side-effects were recorded. The SPSS/PC 6.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as a p < 0.05. The results are expressed as means +/- SD. While the average volume of @entity1868 was 72.97 +/- 68.5 cm3 in group I, 78.83 +/- 74.1 cm3 in group II before treatment; it was reduced to 29.91 +/- 27.8 cm3 in group I at the end of six months of treatment. Reductions of 59.6% in group I and 63.9% in group II were determined, however the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At the beginning the level of serum @entity53 was 65.4 +/- 22.3 pg/ml in group I which decreased to 37.2 +/- 4.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity2588 occurred in six @entity1 after the second injection and four @entity1 after the third injection in group I. Whereas the level of @entity53 was 60.9 +/- 19.5 pg/ml in group II at the beginning, it was reduced to 40.5 +/- 6.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity2588 occurred in four @entity1 after the second injection and four @entity1 after the third injection in group II. In group I the @entity1 had the problem of flushing (80%), vaginal dryness (50%), and night sweats (30%). In group II these rates were 30%, 20%, and 20%, respectively. @entity43013 is a GnRHa which has been found to be effective in reducing @entity1868 volume, but this effect could not be deactivated with @entity11347 . However, a decrease was observed in the side-effects resulting from hypoestrogenism.

title: The effects of add-back therapy with @entity11347 on XXXX uteri.

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity43013 :: ('CHEBI:63633', 'Chemical') :: ['triptoreline', 'Triptoreline']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['Amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['myoma']


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of @entity11347 therapy in association with preoperative @entity4396 agonist (GnRHa) therapy on the reduction of @entity1868 volume. Twenty @entity1 with @entity1868 uteri were divided into two groups. Group I was given monthly @entity43013 (3.75 mg every 28 days IM) treatment for six months. As for group II, @entity11347 was added on to this treatment. For all of the @entity1 , physical examinations, pelvic ultrasonography, and hormone analyses were carried out and the @entity1868 volume was measured by ultrasonography. The @entity1 were called every month and physical examination, ultrasonography and hormone analyses were repeated. Side-effects were recorded. The SPSS/PC 6.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as a p < 0.05. The results are expressed as means +/- SD. While the average volume of @entity1868 was 72.97 +/- 68.5 cm3 in group I, 78.83 +/- 74.1 cm3 in group II before treatment; it was reduced to 29.91 +/- 27.8 cm3 in group I at the end of six months of treatment. Reductions of 59.6% in group I and 63.9% in group II were determined, however the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At the beginning the level of serum @entity53 was 65.4 +/- 22.3 pg/ml in group I which decreased to 37.2 +/- 4.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity2588 occurred in six @entity1 after the second injection and four @entity1 after the third injection in group I. Whereas the level of @entity53 was 60.9 +/- 19.5 pg/ml in group II at the beginning, it was reduced to 40.5 +/- 6.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity2588 occurred in four @entity1 after the second injection and four @entity1 after the third injection in group II. In group I the @entity1 had the problem of flushing (80%), vaginal dryness (50%), and night sweats (30%). In group II these rates were 30%, 20%, and 20%, respectively. @entity43013 is a GnRHa which has been found to be effective in reducing @entity1868 volume, but this effect could not be deactivated with @entity11347 . However, a decrease was observed in the side-effects resulting from hypoestrogenism.

title: The effects of add-back therapy with XXXX on @entity1868 uteri.

answer: @entity11347 :: (MESH:C027385,Chemical) :: ['tibolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There continues to be considerable interest in the use of decompressive hemicraniectomy in the management of @entity385 ; however, concerns remain about long-term outcome. OBJECTIVE: To assess opinion on consent and acceptable outcome among a wide range of healthcare workers. METHODS: Seven hundred seventy-three healthcare workers at the 2 major public neurosurgical centers in Western Australia participated. @entity1 were asked to record their opinion on consent and acceptable outcome based on the @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ). The evidence for clinical efficacy of the procedure was presented, and @entity1 were then asked to reconsider their initial responses. RESULTS: Of the 773 @entity1 included in the study, 407 (52.7%) initially felt that they would provide consent for a decompressive craniectomy as a lifesaving procedure, but only a minority of them considered an @entity3517 score of 4 or 5 an acceptable outcome (for @entity3517 score  <=4, n = 67, 8.7%; for @entity3517 score = 4, n = 57, 7.4%). After the introduction of the concept of the disability paradox and the evidence for the clinical efficacy of decompressive craniectomy, more @entity1 were unwilling to accept decompressive craniectomy (18.1% vs 37.8%), but at the same time, more were willing to accept an @entity3517 score  <=4 as an acceptable outcome (for @entity3517 score  <=4, n = 92, 11.9%; for @entity3517 score = 4, n = 79, 10.2%). CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 felt survival with dependency to be unacceptable. However, many would be willing to provide consent for surgery in the hopes that they may survive with some degree of independence. ABBREVIATIONS: DESTINY, Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral ArterymRS, modified Rankin Scale.

title: ORACLE Stroke Study: Opinion Regarding Acceptable Outcome Following Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin Score']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['malignant cerebral artery infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: From December, 1977, through September, 1984, 100 consecutive @entity1 had ventricular aneurysmectomy during hypothermic @entity1167 without @entity432 . In the series were 83 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , mean age 57.2 years. Primary indications for operation were angina pectoris in 42 @entity1 , @entity712 in 23, angina plus congestive failure in 22, and @entity146 in 13. Emergency operation was required for 13 @entity1 with an intra-aortic balloon pump. Mean New York Heart Association Class was 3.1. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 19.5 mm Hg, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.37. Concomitant coronary artery grafting was performed in 97 @entity1 (mean 3.2 grafts/ @entity1 ). Pressor agents were used in 21 @entity1 and an intra-aortic balloon pump in two @entity1 . Perioperative @entity583 was documented in one @entity1 (1%). There were two hospital deaths (2%), both in @entity1 with @entity146 . At late follow-up (mean 38.5 months), 13 additional @entity1 (13.3%) had died. Actuarial survival rate at 73 months was 77.0%. Survival rate was better for 93 @entity1 with anterior @entity439 if the left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries were grafted with aneurysmectomy (p less than 0.03). Although only @entity943 predicted @entity204 (p less than 0.03), ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) and @entity943 (p = 0.03) predicted @entity204 . @entity67 during hypothermic @entity1167 without @entity432 can be performed with low hospital mortality and good long-term results. When possible, left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries should be grafted when anterior @entity439 are resected.

title: Resection of left ventricular aneurysm during hypothermic XXXX without @entity432 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['refractory ventricular irritability']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular aneurysmectomy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'late death']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['fibrillatory arrest']


abstract: From December, 1977, through September, 1984, 100 consecutive @entity1 had ventricular aneurysmectomy during hypothermic @entity1167 without @entity432 . In the series were 83 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , mean age 57.2 years. Primary indications for operation were angina pectoris in 42 @entity1 , @entity712 in 23, angina plus congestive failure in 22, and @entity146 in 13. Emergency operation was required for 13 @entity1 with an intra-aortic balloon pump. Mean New York Heart Association Class was 3.1. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 19.5 mm Hg, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.37. Concomitant coronary artery grafting was performed in 97 @entity1 (mean 3.2 grafts/ @entity1 ). Pressor agents were used in 21 @entity1 and an intra-aortic balloon pump in two @entity1 . Perioperative @entity583 was documented in one @entity1 (1%). There were two hospital deaths (2%), both in @entity1 with @entity146 . At late follow-up (mean 38.5 months), 13 additional @entity1 (13.3%) had died. Actuarial survival rate at 73 months was 77.0%. Survival rate was better for 93 @entity1 with anterior @entity439 if the left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries were grafted with aneurysmectomy (p less than 0.03). Although only @entity943 predicted @entity204 (p less than 0.03), ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) and @entity943 (p = 0.03) predicted @entity204 . @entity67 during hypothermic @entity1167 without @entity432 can be performed with low hospital mortality and good long-term results. When possible, left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries should be grafted when anterior @entity439 are resected.

title: Resection of left ventricular aneurysm during hypothermic @entity1167 without XXXX .

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortic occlusion']


abstract: Methylation of @entity172 receptor a by the histone @entity376 methyltransferase SMYD2 regulates ERa chromatin recruitment and its target gene expression. This protocol describes SMYD2 purification and crystallization of SMYD2 in complex with an ERa peptide. Recombinant SMYD2 is overexpressed in @entity526 cells. After release from the cells by French Press, SMYD2 is purified to apparent homogeneity with multiple chromatography methods. Nickel affinity column purifies SMYD2 based on specific interaction of its 6*His tag with the bead-immobilized @entity3406 ions. Desalting column is used for protein buffer exchange. Gel filtration column purifies SMYD2 based on molecular size. The entire purification process is monitored and analyzed by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Crystallization of SMYD2 is performed with the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Crystals of the SMYD2-ERa peptide complex are obtained by microseeding using seeding bead. This method can give rise to large size of crystals which are suitable for X-ray diffraction data collection. X-ray crystallographic study of the SMYD2-ERa complex can provide structural insight into posttranslational regulation of ERa signaling.

title: Purification of Histone @entity376 Methyltransferase SMYD2 and Co-Crystallization with a Target Peptide from XXXX Receptor a.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: Methylation of @entity172 receptor a by the histone @entity376 methyltransferase SMYD2 regulates ERa chromatin recruitment and its target gene expression. This protocol describes SMYD2 purification and crystallization of SMYD2 in complex with an ERa peptide. Recombinant SMYD2 is overexpressed in @entity526 cells. After release from the cells by French Press, SMYD2 is purified to apparent homogeneity with multiple chromatography methods. Nickel affinity column purifies SMYD2 based on specific interaction of its 6*His tag with the bead-immobilized @entity3406 ions. Desalting column is used for protein buffer exchange. Gel filtration column purifies SMYD2 based on molecular size. The entire purification process is monitored and analyzed by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Crystallization of SMYD2 is performed with the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Crystals of the SMYD2-ERa peptide complex are obtained by microseeding using seeding bead. This method can give rise to large size of crystals which are suitable for X-ray diffraction data collection. X-ray crystallographic study of the SMYD2-ERa complex can provide structural insight into posttranslational regulation of ERa signaling.

title: Purification of Histone XXXX Methyltransferase SMYD2 and Co-Crystallization with a Target Peptide from @entity172 Receptor a.

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['Lysine']


abstract: Severe arterial @entity101 is defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) >= 180 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP >=  110 mmHg. Initial assessment is to identify acute, ongoing, target-organ damage such as @entity3126 , @entity1580 , ... ( @entity101 emergency). If so, the @entity1 requires urgent and specific management in a hospital setting. More commonly, however, BP in the severe range is relatively asymptomatic and not associated with end-organ damage ( @entity101 urgency). Management can usually be carried out in the ambulatory setting. Severe @entity101 should first be confirmed after a period of rest in a quiet room. If BP remains in the severe range, an antihypertensive drug can be initiated. Otherwise, the @entity1 should be referred for further evaluation within a few days ; however, an antihypertensive treatment could be started immediately if there is concern that urgent outpatient follow-up cannot be ensured or if the @entity1 is at high cardiovascular risk. The choice of the first drug should be tailored according to associated conditions and possible contraindications. Some guidelines recommend starting therapy with an antihypertensive combination of two drugs. In all cases, rapid and excessive reduction in BP, which could compromise organ perfusion, must be avoided, especially in elderly @entity1 . In the short-term (days), BP should be progressively lowered to < 160/100 mmHg. In the long term, a BP < 140/90 mmHg should be obtained.

title: [Management of severe arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extramedullary fixation of @entity173 involves the application of a plate and screws to the lateral side of the proximal femur. In external fixators, the stabilising component is held outside the thigh by pins or screws driven into the bone on either side of the @entity174 . OBJECTIVES: To compare different types of extramedullary fixation implants and external fixators for treating extracapsular hip @entity174 in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register and reference lists of relevant articles up to July 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing these devices for the fixation of extracapsular hip @entity174 in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality, using a ten item scale, and extracted data. Additional information was sought from trialists when required. Wherever appropriate, data from comparable trials were pooled. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials examining the Gotfried plate and one, an external fixator, are newly included in this update. All 13 included trials had methodological flaws, which may affect the validity of their results. The limited data available for three trials (355 @entity1 ) comparing a fixed nail plate (Jewett or McLaughlin) with the @entity572 ( @entity572 ) indicated an increased risk of fixation failure for fixed nail plates. The two trials (433 @entity1 ) comparing the RAB plate with the @entity572 had contrasting results, notably in terms of operative complications, fixation failure and anatomical restoration. One trial (100 @entity1 ) found no significant difference between the Pugh nail and the @entity572 . Two trials (292 @entity1 ) compared the Medoff plate with the @entity572 . One trial reported higher operative @entity190 and longer operative times for the Medoff plate. There was a lower risk of fixation failure for unstable @entity173 fixed with the Medoff plate. Two trials involving, respectively, unstable @entity173 (569 @entity1 ) and @entity173 (107 @entity1 ) compared the Medoff plate with three different screw-plate systems. There were no statistically significant differences in outcome for @entity173 . For @entity173 , there was a tendency to less fixation failure for the Medoff plate, but no evidence for differences in longer-term outcomes. Two trials (226 @entity1 ) compared the Gotfried percutaneous plate with a @entity572 . A higher intra-operative fixation failure rate of the Gotfried plate indicated some specific restriction to its use. The Gotfried plate appeared to involve lower operative blood losses. There were insufficient data on long term outcomes. One trial (100 @entity1 ) provided some evidence of less operative @entity130 and speedier recovery for external fixation when compared with the @entity572 . Final outcomes appeared similar. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The fixed nail plate has higher risks of implant breakage and fixation failure than the @entity572 . Though insufficient evidence on other outcomes is available from randomised trials, the increased fixation failure rate is a major consideration and thus the @entity572 appears preferable. Insufficient information is available to draw firm conclusions of significant differences between the @entity572 and either the RAB, the Pugh, the Medoff or the Gotfried plates, or an external fixator.

title: Extramedullary fixation implants and external fixators for extracapsular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'hip fractures', 'subtrochanteric fractures']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'sliding hip screw']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: Natal dispersal promotes inter-population linkage, and is key to spatial distribution of populations. Degradation of suitable landscape structures beyond the specific threshold of an individual's ability to disperse can therefore lead to disruption of functional landscape connectivity and impact metapopulation function. Because it ignores behavioral responses of individuals, structural connectivity is easier to assess than functional connectivity and is often used as a surrogate for landscape connectivity modeling. However using structural resource selection models as surrogate for modeling functional connectivity through dispersal could be erroneous. We tested how well a second-order @entity177 ( @entity177 ) models (structural connectivity), based on GPS telemetry data from resident adult @entity14301 ( @entity14301 L.), could predict subadult habitat use during dispersal (functional connectivity). We created eight non-exclusive subsets of the subadult data based on differing definitions of dispersal to assess the predictive ability of our adult-based @entity177 model extrapolated over a broader landscape. Dispersing @entity14301 used habitats in accordance with adult selection patterns, regardless of the definition of dispersal considered. We demonstrate that, for a wide-ranging apex carnivore, functional connectivity through natal dispersal corresponds to structural connectivity as modeled by a second-order @entity177 . Mapping of the adult-based habitat classes provides direct visualization of the potential linkages between populations, without the need to model paths between a priori starting and destination points. The use of such landscape scale RSFs may provide insight into predicting suitable dispersal habitat peninsulas in @entity1 -dominated landscapes where mitigation of @entity1 -wildlife conflict should be focused. We recommend the use of second-order RSFs for landscape conservation planning and propose a similar approach to the conservation of other wide-ranging large carnivore species where landscape-scale resource selection data already exist.

title: Structural habitat predicts functional dispersal habitat of a large carnivore: how XXXX change spots.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['RSF', 'resource selection function']

entities_list: @entity14301 :: ('9691', 'Species') :: ['leopards', 'leopard', 'Panthera pardus']

answer: @entity14301 :: (9691,Species) :: ['leopards']


abstract: It is important to distinguish between @entity7261 , the presence of asymptomatic @entity7261 , and @entity66 which refers to symptomatic cases which can present with acute or chronic symptoms. Chronic symptoms range from mild intermittent abdominal cramps to the more severe picture of chronic @entity490 and occasional @entity548 . In contrast, acute @entity4436 refers to acute @entity32 in the @entity7261 . Low dietary fibre intake is reported to increase the risk of @entity66 . In the UK, the prevalence rises from approximately 5% of @entity1 in their 40s to almost 50% of those above the age of 80. It is estimated that 20% of @entity1 with @entity7261 will develop symptoms at some point in their lifetime. @entity66 can be confirmed radiologically or endoscopically. Referral of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity66 to secondary care is not indicated unless: the symptoms affect their quality of life; the @entity158 is not controlled by @entity1443 ; new symptoms develop which require further investigation; there are concerns about the possibility of an alternative diagnosis or @entity1 develop red flag symptoms. Even in @entity1 with established @entity7261 , a change in the clinical picture with development of red flag symptoms warrants urgent referral to rule out lower @entity344 . @entity1 with suspected uncomplicated acute @entity4436 should be assessed according to their level of @entity158 and associated systemic features of @entity295 . In those where @entity158 is controlled and there are no signs of @entity295 or multiple comorbidities, the @entity1 may be treated in primary care.

title: Diagnosing and treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'systemic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticular disease', 'diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease']


abstract: The triple assessment in the pre-operative evaluation of @entity0 has been practiced in some hospitals in Tanzania. However, its validity and reliability has not been evaluated in any hospital in the country including the study area. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania to determine the validity, reliability and applicability of triple assessment as an alternative to conventional open biopsy in the pre-operative diagnosis of @entity0 . A total of 212 female @entity1 aged 35 years and above were studied. All @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation, mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology. Histopathology was done to confirm the diagnosis. One hundred and twenty (56.6%) @entity1 with a median age of 36 years had benign lesions and the remaining ninety-two (43.4%) with a median age of 47 years had @entity0 (P = 0.002). With triple assessment, 92 @entity1 were diagnostic for @entity5 and 120 benign, respectively confirmed by histopathology. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value and Accuracy were 100.0%. There were no false positive or false negative results. The Kappa statistic for the combination was 1.0 implying excellent agreement with histopathology. The majority of @entity1 (59.9%) underwent triple assessment on the same day with results being available to the @entity1 within 24 to 72 hours. The triple assessment is an accurate and quick method for the evaluation of @entity0 and can be applied as a safe alternative for open biopsy when it is concordant.

title: Triple assessment as a preoperative diagnostic tool for XXXX at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Low @entity292 has traditionally been treated with fistulectomy and fistulotomy. Recent studies have shown that marsupialisation of the fistulotomy wounds can reduce the healing time. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in north-western Tanzania between January 2008 and December 2012 to compare the efficacy of fistulectomy versus fistulotomy with marsupialisation in the treatment of low @entity292 in ano. @entity1 were randomized into two groups, namely Group A (fistulectomy) and Group B (fistulotomy with marsupialisation). A total of 162 @entity1 were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to Group A (n = 82) and Group B (n = 80). Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex ratio, duration of symptoms, type of @entity292 and radial distance of the external opening from the anal verge. The mean healing time was statistically significantly longer in group A than in group B (P = 0.002). The duration of postoperative wound discharge was statistically significantly shorter in group B than in group A (P = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean operating time, mean operation wound size, mean @entity282 score, rate of @entity281 and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). None of the @entity1 in either group had recurrence or was found to have anal @entity322 . No differences in the extent of adverse effects of surgery on the physical, social and sexual lives of the @entity1 in the two groups. We conclude that in comparison to a fistulectomy, a fistulotomy with marsupialisation results in faster wound healing and a shorter duration of wound discharge and should therefore be recommended as a standard surgical procedure in the treatment of low @entity292 .

title: Fistulectomy versus fistulotomy with marsupialisation in the treatment of low XXXX -in- ano: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistula-in-ano']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) has shown efficacy in @entity1 with active @entity30 ( @entity30 ). However, with routine weekly therapy, it may take several weeks to achieve remission. This study was performed to assess clinical efficacy and safety of intensive GMA in @entity1 with active @entity30 . METHODS: In an open-label, prospective, randomized multicentre setting, 104 @entity1 with @entity30 activity index (CDAI) of 200 to 450 received intensive GMA, at two sessions per week (n = 55) or one session per week (n = 49). Clinical remission was defined as a CDAI score <150. @entity1 in each arm could receive up to 10 GMA sessions. However, GMA treatment could be discontinued when CDAI decreased to <150 (clinical remission level). RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity1 , 99 were available for efficacy evaluation as per protocol, 45 in the weekly GMA group, and 54 in the intensive GMA group. Remission was achieved in 16 of 45 @entity1 (35.6 %) in the weekly GMA and in 19 of 54 (35.2 %) in the intensive GMA (NS). Further, the mean time to remission was 35.4    5.3 days in the weekly GMA and 21.7    2.7 days in the intensive GMA (P = 0.0373). Elevated leucocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly improved by intensive GMA, from 8005/ L to 6950/ L (P = 0.0461) and from 54.5 mm/hr to 30.0 mm/hr (P = 0.0059), respectively. In both arms, GMA was well tolerated and was without safety concern. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, with respect to remission rate, intensive GMA was not superior to weekly GMA, but the time to remission was significantly shorter in the former without increasing the incidence of side effects. UMIN registration # 000003666.

title: An open-label prospective randomized multicenter study of intensive versus weekly granulocyte and monocyte apheresis in active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['crohn's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) may have a poor or inadequate response to psychostimulants or be unable to tolerate their side-effects; furthermore, stimulants may be inappropriate because of co-existing conditions. Only one non-stimulant @entity71 pharmacotherapy, the @entity1063 transporter inhibitor @entity4678 , is currently approved for use in Europe. We review recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of @entity71 with a focus on the roles of @entity5733 receptors in context of the a2A-adrenergic receptor agonist @entity1774 extended release (GXR), a new non-stimulant treatment option in Europe. Neuroimaging studies of @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 show @entity75 , and @entity2383 in brain regions and networks. Neurobiological studies in @entity71 and medication response patterns support involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmitters (primarily @entity935 and @entity1063 ). @entity1774 is a selective a2A-adrenergic receptor agonist that has been shown to improve prefrontal cortical cognitive function, including working memory. The hypothesized mode of action of @entity1774 centres on direct stimulation of post-synaptic a2A-adrenergic receptors to enhance @entity1063 neurotransmission. Preclinical data suggest that @entity1774 also influences dendritic spine growth and maturation. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of GXR in @entity71 , and it is approved as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to stimulants in Canada and the USA (for @entity1 and adolescents). GXR was approved recently in Europe for the treatment of @entity71 in @entity1 and adolescents for whom stimulants are not suitable, not tolerated or have been shown to be ineffective. GXR may provide particular benefit for @entity1 /adolescents who have specific co-morbidities such as chronic @entity1765 or @entity952 (or oppositional symptoms) that have failed to respond to first-line treatment options.

title: XXXX Extended Release: A New Pharmacological Treatment Option in Europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['impaired brain maturation']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

entities_list: @entity1774 :: ('MESH:D016316', 'Chemical') :: ['Guanfacine', 'guanfacine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural and functional anomalies']

answer: @entity1774 :: (MESH:D016316,Chemical) :: ['Guanfacine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4291 (SM) is a key component of extracellular membranes and lipoproteins, and plays roles in cell signaling and as a component of lipoproteins. SM species differ in terms of @entity844 (FA) composition. However, no simple, rapid, quantitative assay for identifying different SM species has yet been reported. In this study, lipid hydrolase treatment and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were used to identify serum SM species. METHODS: Sera were collected from healthy young individuals. To identify SM species, sera were treated with @entity3900 and lipoprotein lipase, and lipids were extracted using the standard @entity3636 / @entity1042 (2/1 v/v) method. RESULTS: We detected 15 peaks from serum using @entity66 , which were assigned to SM species bound with FA components ranging from @entity10779 :0 to C24:2. The most prominent serum SM species was SM [C16:0], which accounted for approximately 26% of serum SM. Some SM species contained an odd- @entity505 FA ( @entity10779 , @entity8030 , and @entity4049 ), and these accounted for approximately 4% of serum SM. The reproducibility of major SM species within and between application positions on MS-sample plate was CV=3.0%-7.9% and CV=3.1%-6.8%, respectively. The concentration and dilution ratio were linearly related. The SM species composition of 10 healthy young subjects showed a similar profile. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a rapid, and quantitative method for identifying serum SM species using lipid hydrolase treatment and @entity66 . This method will be suitable for clinical laboratory studies to examine the associations between SM species and disease states.

title: Rapid quantitative analysis of human serum XXXX species using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with lipid hydrolase treatment.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry', 'MALDI-TOF MS']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['Sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity4291 :: (CHEBI:17636,Chemical) :: ['sphingomyelin']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with oesophageal smooth @entity5 were operated on between 1955 and 1984 in the Department of @entity65 of Helsinki University Central Hospital. Eleven @entity5 were @entity10401 , the twelfth was a @entity1822 . @entity1282 (83%) and @entity662 (67%) were the most common symptoms presented. All @entity1 underwent transthoracic @entity5 . Complications of the surgery included two cases of @entity86 ; in both instances the lumen of the oesophagus had been entered during the extirpation of the @entity5 . The surgery was effective in eliminating the most prominent symptom, i.e. @entity1282 . However, follow-up examinations 11.1 +/- 6.8 (SD) years later revealed @entity304 and endoscopically and histologically verified @entity354 in seven of the nine (78%) surviving @entity1 . Additionally, two of them had developed @entity355 , 10 and 19 years, respectively, after the primary surgery. These two @entity1 underwent subsequent transabdominal antireflux procedures (Nissen fundoplication). We conclude that long-term follow-up of @entity1 who have been treated for @entity5 is indicated.

title: Smooth XXXX of the oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest or epigastric pains']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign oesophageal tumour', 'removal of the tumour', 'muscle tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['muscle tumours']


abstract: In consideration of the full spectrum of hematologic and nonhematologic @entity137 juxtaposed to the response rates (Tables 2-5), it appears that for relapsed @entity1 with @entity3052 , six to eight consecutive doses of HDara-C or four doses started on days 1 and 8 have the optimal therapeutic index. These regimens are associated with a 25% CR rate and have comparable tolerable and reversible @entity137 spectra. An increase in the total number of doses to 12 does not appear to increase the remission frequency in relapsed @entity1 but does decidedly increase the spectrum, frequency, and severity of toxic manifestations. Studies of important pharmacologic determinants such as membrane transport and cellular accumulation of @entity11402 suggest that a lower unit dose may be just as effective, an approach that could potentially lower the frequency and severity of @entity137 . However, these concepts must be tested in suitably designed clinical trials. In contrast to the response rate noted in @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 , @entity1 with refractory @entity3052 have a substantially lower CR rate (approximately 10%) when treated with HDara-C alone. These lower CR rates are comparable to those reported for other recently introduced new drugs such as m-AMSA and @entity2664 . In this setting of primary @entity1778 , multi-institutional and cooperative group trials of @entity2033 -ara-C----ASNase show a consistently higher response rate in the range of 30% to 50%. Why ASNase should especially contribute to this particular group is unknown at present. Studies show that the gene for @entity2734 synthetase is repressed in @entity3052 cells. It is speculated that in the initial @entity1778 cell population (as encountered in refractory @entity3052 ), the gene for @entity2734 synthetase is repressed and hence, the @entity1778 is sensitive to ASNase. In contrast, in the relapsed @entity1 with recurrent @entity1778 , the gene for @entity2734 synthetase may be @entity1778 would be ASNase-insensitive. The therapeutic index of HDara-C----ASNase is schedule dependent. In leukemic @entity19 , pretreatment or concurrent administration of ASNase and HDara-C leads to antagonism of both the therapeutic and toxic effects of HDara-C. These effects are consistent with similar effects of other protein synthesis inhibitors on ara-C @entity137 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Sequential high-dose ara-C and asparaginase versus high-dose ara-C alone in the treatment of @entity1 with relapsed and refractory acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['refractory leukemia', 'derepressed and the leukemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemias']


abstract: In consideration of the full spectrum of hematologic and nonhematologic @entity137 juxtaposed to the response rates (Tables 2-5), it appears that for relapsed @entity1 with @entity3052 , six to eight consecutive doses of HDara-C or four doses started on days 1 and 8 have the optimal therapeutic index. These regimens are associated with a 25% CR rate and have comparable tolerable and reversible @entity137 spectra. An increase in the total number of doses to 12 does not appear to increase the remission frequency in relapsed @entity1 but does decidedly increase the spectrum, frequency, and severity of toxic manifestations. Studies of important pharmacologic determinants such as membrane transport and cellular accumulation of @entity11402 suggest that a lower unit dose may be just as effective, an approach that could potentially lower the frequency and severity of @entity137 . However, these concepts must be tested in suitably designed clinical trials. In contrast to the response rate noted in @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 , @entity1 with refractory @entity3052 have a substantially lower CR rate (approximately 10%) when treated with HDara-C alone. These lower CR rates are comparable to those reported for other recently introduced new drugs such as m-AMSA and @entity2664 . In this setting of primary @entity1778 , multi-institutional and cooperative group trials of @entity2033 -ara-C----ASNase show a consistently higher response rate in the range of 30% to 50%. Why ASNase should especially contribute to this particular group is unknown at present. Studies show that the gene for @entity2734 synthetase is repressed in @entity3052 cells. It is speculated that in the initial @entity1778 cell population (as encountered in refractory @entity3052 ), the gene for @entity2734 synthetase is repressed and hence, the @entity1778 is sensitive to ASNase. In contrast, in the relapsed @entity1 with recurrent @entity1778 , the gene for @entity2734 synthetase may be @entity1778 would be ASNase-insensitive. The therapeutic index of HDara-C----ASNase is schedule dependent. In leukemic @entity19 , pretreatment or concurrent administration of ASNase and HDara-C leads to antagonism of both the therapeutic and toxic effects of HDara-C. These effects are consistent with similar effects of other protein synthesis inhibitors on ara-C @entity137 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Sequential high-dose ara-C and asparaginase versus high-dose ara-C alone in the treatment of XXXX with relapsed and refractory acute @entity1778 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Salvage chemotherapy for metastatic @entity0 includes regimens for hormonal responsive @entity1 and @entity1 refractory to @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF) or @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (FAC). For hormone responsive @entity1 , @entity7828 , @entity6239 with @entity701 , and @entity3800 provide second-line therapy and produce objective remissions in 50% of @entity1 . Some @entity1 respond to further hormonal manipulation. When @entity3 becomes refractory, combination chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. For those @entity1 refractory to CMF, salvage therapy should consist of single agents, such as @entity1138 , @entity632 , or @entity5713 , or combinations of drugs not contained in the CMF regimen. As with single-agent therapy in previously untreated @entity1 , remission durations are usually short. Two-drug combinations result in response rates from 30% to 50% and longer duration of remission. For @entity1 refractory to FAC, @entity632 is discontinued after reaching a cumulative dose, and therapy is continued with a CMF-type combination. Thus, both @entity632 and @entity1499 are used, and salvage chemotherapy is based on @entity1138 and @entity5713 . All agents used for salvage therapy of @entity0 may produce toxic effects. Appropriate surveillance and limiting the cumulative dose of drugs reduces the risk of irreversible toxic effects.

title: Salvage chemotherapy for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 treated with @entity2049 ( @entity8358 ) have increased serum levels of total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). We aimed to investigate whether these changes of serum lipids are reversible after @entity8358 withdrawal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a prospective, randomized double-blinded design. A total of 160 @entity1 who had been @entity410 free on anti- @entity302 drug monotherapy for more than 2  years were included and randomized to withdrawal or not. The intervention was completed by 150 (80 females, 53%) patients. Serum samples from before and 4  months after completed withdrawal or no withdrawal were obtained from 130 @entity1 (63 females, 48%). Of these, 84 were treated with @entity8358 , 28 with @entity1092 , nine with @entity3174 , four with @entity109 , and five with @entity2812 . Of the @entity1 who had been treated with @entity8358 , 47 were randomized to the withdrawal group, and 37 were randomized to the non-withdrawal group. RESULTS: Among the @entity8358 -treated @entity1 , a significant decrease in serum levels of TC, LDL, and @entity755 ( @entity755 ) were found in the withdrawal group compared with the non-withdrawal group. Mean differences in change were as follows: TC 0.68  mmol/l (P  =  0.005, CL - 1.15 to -0.21); LDL - 0.67  mmol/l (P  =  0.001, CL - 1.03 to -0.29); @entity755 - 0.13  g/l (P  =  0.02, CL - 0.23 to -0.03). No significant changes in HDL, apolipoprotein A, and @entity1851 were detected. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity8358 may have unfavorable effects on serum levels of TC, LDL, and @entity755 . However, these changes seem to be reversible even after years of treatment.

title: Favorable change of lipid profile after XXXX withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['ApoB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: Persistent Albustix-positive @entity644 and subsequent @entity177 are frequently encountered in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Rates of decline of renal function may be modified by treatment of accompanying @entity101 , but studies of the effects of long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on deterioration of renal function provide no statistically significant evidence of benefit of near-normoglycemia. However, short-term studies in @entity1723 subjects with negative Albustix tests but subclinically raised levels of albumin excretion rate (AER) have shown that treatment with CSII significantly reduces this microalbuminuria. The prospective, controlled 8-mo Kroc Collaborative Study therefore offered the opportunity of examining more protracted effects of CSII-induced metabolic correction upon microalbuminuria. Twenty-four-hour urine collections obtained at baseline, 4, and 8 mo were available from 59 Albustix-negative @entity1 . @entity2263 -microglobulin excretion was normal. The 39 normoalbuminuric (AER less than 12 micrograms/min) @entity1 did not differ from the 20 microalbuminuric (AER elevated between 13.2 and 192.6 micrograms/min) with respect to distributions of age, sex, and duration of @entity6 . In both the normoalbuminuric and the microalbuminuric groups studied at 4 and 8 mo, percent glycosylated hemoglobin (% @entity4051 ) and mean blood @entity413 were significantly decreased during CSII compared with baseline values, whereas no change occurred in the group continuing their @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ). AER did not differ between @entity7617 and CSII treatments in the normoalbuminuric group. AER fell significantly in the CSII-treated microalbuminuric @entity1 at 4 (P less than 0.05) and 8 (P less than 0.01) mo but showed no consistent change in the @entity7617 microalbuminuric group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Eight-month correction of hyperglycemia in XXXX is associated with a significant and sustained reduction of urinary albumin excretion rates in @entity1 with microalbuminuria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional insulin therapy', 'CIT']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Persistent Albustix-positive @entity644 and subsequent @entity177 are frequently encountered in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Rates of decline of renal function may be modified by treatment of accompanying @entity101 , but studies of the effects of long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on deterioration of renal function provide no statistically significant evidence of benefit of near-normoglycemia. However, short-term studies in @entity1723 subjects with negative Albustix tests but subclinically raised levels of albumin excretion rate (AER) have shown that treatment with CSII significantly reduces this microalbuminuria. The prospective, controlled 8-mo Kroc Collaborative Study therefore offered the opportunity of examining more protracted effects of CSII-induced metabolic correction upon microalbuminuria. Twenty-four-hour urine collections obtained at baseline, 4, and 8 mo were available from 59 Albustix-negative @entity1 . @entity2263 -microglobulin excretion was normal. The 39 normoalbuminuric (AER less than 12 micrograms/min) @entity1 did not differ from the 20 microalbuminuric (AER elevated between 13.2 and 192.6 micrograms/min) with respect to distributions of age, sex, and duration of @entity6 . In both the normoalbuminuric and the microalbuminuric groups studied at 4 and 8 mo, percent glycosylated hemoglobin (% @entity4051 ) and mean blood @entity413 were significantly decreased during CSII compared with baseline values, whereas no change occurred in the group continuing their @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ). AER did not differ between @entity7617 and CSII treatments in the normoalbuminuric group. AER fell significantly in the CSII-treated microalbuminuric @entity1 at 4 (P less than 0.05) and 8 (P less than 0.01) mo but showed no consistent change in the @entity7617 microalbuminuric group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Eight-month correction of hyperglycemia in @entity1723 is associated with a significant and sustained reduction of urinary albumin excretion rates in XXXX with microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: The amygdala and hippocampus are recognized as the two important structures in the brain involved in the development and control of kindled @entity410 . The study on the precise interconnection between these two regions can provide important insights into the functional anatomy of complex partial @entity410 . In this study the effect of an experimentally increased excitability in hippocampal neurons, via hippocampal kindling, on the amygdala kindling rate was investigated in @entity35 . METHODS: Animals were divided into four groups. Tripolar electrodes were implanted in the amygdala and @entity1249 region of the dorsal hippocampus of animals of Groups 1, 3 and 4. In Group 2 animals, tripolar electrodes were only implanted in the amygdala. In Group 1, one week after surgery, the @entity35 were kindled first from the hippocampus and the next day kindled by amygdala stimulation. In Groups 2 and 3, one week after surgery, @entity35 were kindled from the amygdala. Group 4 animals had a recovery period of one week plus 32 days, which was the mean of the hippocampal kindling rate in Group 1, and then were kindled from the amygdala. RESULTS: In Group 1, the amygdala kindling rate (n; number of days for which animals were stimulated before a stage 5 motor @entity410 is triggered) and @entity410 stage at day n/2 were significantly facilitated and increased respectively. There was also a significant positive correlation between hippocampal and amygdala kindling rates. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: Results obtained show that an increase in hippocampal excitability can facilitate kindling from the amygdala. Thus, it is suggested that the hippocampus has an important role in the development and propagation of @entity410 from the amygdala.

title: Hippocampal hyperexcitability facilitates amygdala kindling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: There are two delta-crystallin genes (delta 1 and delta 2) in the @entity1573 which are oriented with the same transcriptional polarity (5' delta 1-delta 2-3') and are separated by approximately 4.2 kb of DNA. Existing evidence indicates that delta 1 is very active in the embryonic lens; in contrast, delta 2 appears very inactive, if expressed at all. We have sequenced the 5' regions of delta 1 and delta 2 and tested their ability to promote @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) activity using the pSVO-CAT expression vector in transfected embryonic lens epithelia. The sequence data establish that the previously reported delta-crystallin cDNAs were derived from mRNAs encoded in delta 1 and not in delta 2. The transfection experiments indicated that the delta 1 promoter is appreciably stronger than the delta 2 promoter. Interestingly, a consensus CCAAT sequence (position - 71) and two consensus viral core-enhancer-like sequences (positions - 308 and +350) are confined to the more active, delta 1 gene. delta 1 and delta 2 have similar TATA boxes (TAAAA) at positions - 28 and - 27, respectively. Exon 1 in delta 1 (35 bp) and in delta 2 (34 bp) are extremely homologous, containing just two mismatches; exon 2 in delta 1 (64 bp) and in delta 2 (51 bp) are only 56% homologous and contain the putative translation initiating codon and three encoded @entity1522 . Unexpectedly, intron 1 of both genes has numerous pentameric repeats present in the @entity19 immunoglobulin heavy-chain switch regions (GAGCT, GGGGT and GGGCT). Other direct repeats were found in delta 1 and delta 2, and short homologies were noted between the @entity1573 delta-crystallin and @entity19 alpha A-crystallin genes.

title: Structural and functional evidence for differential promoter activity of the two linked delta-crystallin genes in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) has been identified as an autoantigen in @entity66 ( @entity66 ). There is a marked homology between different forms of transglutaminase, such as @entity8265 and coagulation factor XIII. We compared titres of both IgA- and IgG-antibodies against these two antigens in 20 @entity66 @entity1 , 20 @entity465 ( @entity465 )-negative controls and a group with @entity29 (34 with @entity30 and 23 with @entity31 ). IgA-antibodies against @entity8265 correlated with @entity465 titres and had high sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity66 . Only in two @entity66 @entity1 were high titres found of IgA-antibodies against factor XIII, non-reactive with @entity8265 . Both lacked @entity548 tendency. The presence of IgG-antibodies against @entity8265 , in contrast, had low sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity66 and were frequently seen in @entity29 . Similarly, factor XIII IgG-antibodies displayed a non-specific pattern with modestly elevated titres in @entity1 with @entity30 and in both @entity465 -negative and positive @entity1 . Despite a marked homology with @entity8265 , the occurrence of high titre IgA-antibodies against factor XIII is infrequent in @entity66 , but may-when present-be the result of epitope spreading. The presence of IgG-antibodies in @entity66 and @entity29 illustrates the complexity of autoantibody reactions in @entity344 .

title: Factor XIII and XXXX antibodies in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['EMA', 'endomysial antibody']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue transglutaminase', 'tTg']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity8265 :: (7052,Gene) :: ['tissue transglutaminase']


abstract: @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) has been identified as an autoantigen in @entity66 ( @entity66 ). There is a marked homology between different forms of transglutaminase, such as @entity8265 and coagulation factor XIII. We compared titres of both IgA- and IgG-antibodies against these two antigens in 20 @entity66 @entity1 , 20 @entity465 ( @entity465 )-negative controls and a group with @entity29 (34 with @entity30 and 23 with @entity31 ). IgA-antibodies against @entity8265 correlated with @entity465 titres and had high sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity66 . Only in two @entity66 @entity1 were high titres found of IgA-antibodies against factor XIII, non-reactive with @entity8265 . Both lacked @entity548 tendency. The presence of IgG-antibodies against @entity8265 , in contrast, had low sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity66 and were frequently seen in @entity29 . Similarly, factor XIII IgG-antibodies displayed a non-specific pattern with modestly elevated titres in @entity1 with @entity30 and in both @entity465 -negative and positive @entity1 . Despite a marked homology with @entity8265 , the occurrence of high titre IgA-antibodies against factor XIII is infrequent in @entity66 , but may-when present-be the result of epitope spreading. The presence of IgG-antibodies in @entity66 and @entity29 illustrates the complexity of autoantibody reactions in @entity344 .

title: Factor XIII and @entity8265 antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change in the antibiotic resistant spectrum of @entity796 (PA) isolated from burn wounds and the production of inducible @entity32168 . METHODS: VITEK-AMS system (total automatic bacterial identification and drug sensitivity system) and E-test concentration gradient were employed to perform bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests. K-B method was applied to detect inducible enzyme. RESULTS: The resistance of PA to @entity5898 and Imipenem was increased in the past 4 years from June of 1996 to June of 2000. Whereas the resistance to @entity2891 / @entity5899 was least. There was an obvious difference of the resistance of PA to antibiotics during the 4 years (P < 0.05). The resistant rate to Imipenem ranged from 20% to 40%. PA was able to produce inducible enzymes among 120 strains of wild type of PA occupying 72.5% with Imipenam as the inducing agent. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the antibiotic resistance of PA and the detection of inducible enzymes could be monitored from time to time and helpful in the correction of the use of antibiotics. Constant monitoring of antibiotic resistance might be beneficial to the prevention of outbreak of epidemics of @entity2782 in a burn unit.

title: [The isolation of XXXX from burn wound and the analysis of its antibiotic resistant spectrum].

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['PA infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['Cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulbactam']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: The gonads of hamsters maintained in @entity851 first undergo regression and then spontaneous recrudescence. The latter is indicative of refractoriness of the @entity8799 to short day lengths. We tested the hypothesis that the absence of long-day stimulation contributes to the development of refractoriness to @entity851 . Male @entity329 were maintained for 26 weeks in a short-day photoperiod (8 hr light/day). Testicular regression was confirmed in all animals at week 10; thereafter different groups of hamsters were stimulated with one long day (16 hr light) every 10, 15, 20 or 30 days until week 26. Control groups were maintained continuously in long or @entity851 , respectively. The rate of gonadal recrudescence of short-day hamsters was not affected by intermittent stimulation with long photoperiods. After 26 weeks, testes in all short-day groups had undergone recrudescence. Refractoriness to short day lengths is not counteracted by long photoperiods. The role of the pineal gland in the development of refractoriness is considered.

title: Spontaneous testicular recrudescence of XXXX : role of stimulatory photoperiods.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short photoperiods']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine axis']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: In this study I examined the effect of cooking smoke on the reported prevalence of @entity565 among elderly @entity1 and @entity1 greater than or equal to 60 years old). The analysis is based on 38,595 elderly @entity1 included in India's second National Family Health Survey conducted in 1998-1999. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, ascertained by type of fuel used for cooking (biomass fuels, cleaner fuels, or a mix of biomass and cleaner fuels), on the reported prevalence of @entity565 were estimated using logistic regression. Because the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of age, @entity286 smoking, education, living standard, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors. Results indicate that elderly @entity1 and @entity1 living in households using biomass fuels have a significantly higher prevalence of @entity565 than do those living in households using cleaner fuels [odds ratio (OR) = 1.59; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.30-1.94], even after controlling for the effects of a number of potentially confounding factors. Active @entity286 smoking was also associated with higher @entity565 prevalence in the elderly, but not environmental @entity286 smoke. Availability of a separate kitchen in the house and a higher living standard of the household were associated with lower @entity565 prevalence. The adjusted effect of cooking smoke on @entity565 was greater among @entity1 (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32-2.53) than among @entity1 (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.14-1.88). The findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and space heating. More epidemiologic research with better measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of @entity565 is needed to validate the findings.

title: Effect of indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on prevalence of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']