abstract: A 47-year-old @entity1 was admitted for follow-up of an abnormal chest x-ray. He had a history of @entity1415 and a @entity867 and a family history of @entity2702 . Physical examination showed @entity28271 and @entity8721 of the tongue. Laboratory data revealed evidence of @entity6582 and @entity519 . Contrast echocardiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy were suggestive of a right-to-left shunt. From the @entity26 tension and content of blood taken at cardiac catheterization, the shunt ratio was calculated to be 57.8%. Multiple bilateral @entity2702 were confirmed by angiography, and the @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity1884 . A review of x-ray films taken over a 24-year period demonstrated that the @entity292 in both lungs had been increasing gradually in size at different rates. A right lower lobectomy relieved the @entity519 , but the @entity1 died unexpectedly on the twelfth postoperative day. There was no evidence of @entity397 on chest film, but no autopsy was performed.

title: XXXX with growing @entity2702 followed for 24 years.

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: Previous cross-sectional analyses of data from the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways @entity3885 have shown significant relationships of @entity73 to a variety of risk factors, including smoking, chronic productive cough, a history of childhood respiratory illnesses, @entity1503 , and serum @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ). In the present report, we reexamine these relationships in subjects 40 to 74 yr of age to determine the effect of excluding known @entity748 who, as a group, have markedly @entity73 . After exclusion of @entity748 , @entity402 , @entity1712 , and @entity9416 no longer appear to be significant risk factors for @entity73 , and nonasthmatic nonsmokers show almost no remaining @entity73 . In current smokers, quantitative relationships of FEV1 to pack-years of cigarette consumption and to chronic productive cough are changed little by excluding @entity748 . In nonasthmatic ex-smokers, however, age at quitting smoking adds significantly to prediction of FEV1 after accounting for pack-years. Young ex-smokers closely resemble nonsmokers, but they become increasingly similar to current smokers as their age at quitting increases. A history of respiratory trouble before 16 yr of age continues to appear to increase susceptibility to smoking effects, even after exclusion of @entity748 . But, as in previous studies, the possible bias of preferential recall of childhood illnesses by impaired subjects limits interpretations of this observation. On the other hand, present findings suggest that such factors as @entity402 , @entity1712 , and elevated serum @entity9416 may well be risk factors for persistent @entity565 , but they have no relationship to nonasthmatic forms of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A reexamination of risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory impairment', 'impaired lung function']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['atopy, blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin E', 'IgE']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['ventilatory impairment']


abstract: We hypothesised that: (1) the maximal @entity880 steady state (MLSS), critical power (CP) and electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMG(FT)) occur at the same power output in cycling exercise, and (2) exercise above the power output at MLSS (P-MLSS) results in continued increases in @entity26 uptake ( @entity4962 ), blood @entity880 concentration ([La]) and integrated electromyogram (iEMG) with time. Eight healthy subjects [mean (SD) age 25 (3) years, body mass 72.1 (8.2) kg] performed a series of laboratory tests for the determination of MLSS, CP and EMG(FT). The CP was determined from four exhaustive trials of between 2 and 15 min duration. The MLSS was determined as the highest power output at which the increase in blood [La] was less than 1.0 mM across the last 20 min of a series of 30-min trials. The EMG(FT) was determined from four trials of 2 min duration at different power outputs. The surface electromyogram was recorded continuously from the vastus lateralis muscle. The CP was significantly higher than the P-MLSS [242 (25) vs. 222 (23) W; P<0.05], although the two variables were strongly correlated (r=0.95; P<0.01). The EMG(FT) could not be determined in 50% of the subjects. Blood [La], @entity4962 and minute ventilation all increased significantly with time for exercise at power outputs above the P-MLSS. In conclusion, the P-MLSS, and not the CP, represents the upper limit of the heavy exercise domain in cycling. During exercise above the P-MLSS, there is no association between changes in iEMG and increases in @entity4962 and blood [La] with time.

title: Maximal XXXX steady state, critical power and EMG during cycling.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: The leg muscle electromyographic responses induced during stance by impulsive displacements of a treadmill belt (directed forward or backward and at different rates) were studied in a group of @entity1 with @entity191 and a group of age-matched healthy subjects. Young normal subjects were also studied both before and after intake of a @entity935 antagonist ( @entity1767 ). Compensatory gastrocnemius electromyographic responses resulting from backward-directed displacements were significantly smaller in both the @entity1 and the young normal subjects following intake of @entity1767 . The reduced sensitivity of the gastrocnemius muscle to stretch correlated with an inability to compensate for the perturbations. In the @entity1 , the gastrocnemius response was followed by enhanced activation of the tibialis anterior muscle. This was not the case in the normal subjects after intake of @entity935 antagonist and is probably not, therefore, the consequence of acute @entity935 deficiency. In the @entity1 the angular rotation at the ankle joint induced during faster backward-directed displacements was slower than that in normal subjects, despite identical amounts of gastrocnemius electromyographic activity. This supports earlier findings of changes in intrinsic @entity121 in @entity191 . None of these differences were seen when the tibialis anterior muscle was stretched. This differential behavior of the antagonist leg muscles can best be explained by the different function fulfilled by these muscles in regulation of stance and gait.

title: Posture in XXXX : impairment of reflexes and programming.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle stiffness']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for the treatment of @entity308 worldwide. SSRIs are suspected to increase the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) in @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults. We examined the association between SSRI therapy and suicidality by applying a logistic regression model to age-stratified data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System database. We attempted to mitigate the effect of @entity1 -related factors by data subsetting. We selected case reports for SSRIs as referred to in the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification code N06AB. The association between SSRIs and "suicidal events" or "self-harm events" was calculated as a reporting odds ratio (ROR) and adjusted for covariates by logistic regression. For subjects <18 years old (y.o.) the adjusted RORs (95% confidence interval) of SSRI therapy with suicidal events were 9.58 (8.97-10.23) in the whole data analysis and 4.64 (4.15-5.19) in the subset analysis; those with self-harm events were 31.40 (27.71-35.58) and 16.31 (13.12-20.29), respectively. Although the adjusted RORs were lower in the subset analyses than in the whole data analyses, both analyses indicated associations between SSRI treatment and suicidal and self-harm events. In both analyses these associations were stronger in the <18 y.o. group than other age groups. @entity1 and adolescents should be closely monitored for the occurrence of suicidality when they are prescribed SSRIs. In addition, we found that data subsetting might mitigate the effect of an intrinsic risk among @entity1 taking the suspected drug.

title: Association between Selective XXXX Reuptake Inhibitor Therapy and Suicidality: Analysis of U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: During 1982-5 the 19S (IgM) fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (19S (IgM) FTA-ABS) test gave positive results in 19 @entity1 . The parental histories were analysed. As five of the @entity1 were adopted, 14 pregnancies were evaluated. Mothers of foreign origin and extramarital pregnancies were found to be over-represented. Of 13 @entity1 who attended for pregnancy checkup, three were not serologically screened for syphilis. In four the @entity281 had developed late in the course of pregnancy. In at least four treatment had not been given or had been inadequate or too late. At least two had positive 19S (IgM) FTA-ABS test results that did not indicate @entity7521 . The possibility of false positive 19S (IgM) FTA-ABS test results is pointed out. As the male sexual partners of four of the 14 mothers had presented elsewhere with early syphilis at the time of their partner's pregnancy, adequate contact tracing appears to be important to prevent @entity7521 in future.

title: XXXX in The Netherlands: cause and parental characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7521 :: ('MESH:D013590', 'Disease') :: ['congenital syphilis']

answer: @entity7521 :: (MESH:D013590,Disease) :: ['Congenital syphilis']


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity972 ([K+]o) and @entity1760 ([ @entity1025 ]o) concentration on @entity235 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity750 ( @entity750 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity1025 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity1025 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity750 . The EC50 to @entity750 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity750 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity1025 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity1025 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity455 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity5521 , @entity1169 , @entity3897 , @entity3933 , @entity4444 ), as well as a @entity3009 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity1025 ; and (2) @entity750 receptor-operated @entity141 channels, as well as those @entity141 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o.

title: Importance of @entity1760 and XXXX concentration on basal tone and @entity750 -induced contractions in @entity235 isolated coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity972 ([K+]o) and @entity1760 ([ @entity1025 ]o) concentration on @entity235 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity750 ( @entity750 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity1025 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity1025 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity750 . The EC50 to @entity750 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity750 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity1025 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity1025 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity455 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity5521 , @entity1169 , @entity3897 , @entity3933 , @entity4444 ), as well as a @entity3009 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity1025 ; and (2) @entity750 receptor-operated @entity141 channels, as well as those @entity141 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o.

title: Importance of XXXX and @entity972 concentration on basal tone and @entity750 -induced contractions in @entity235 isolated coronary artery.

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity972 ([K+]o) and @entity1760 ([ @entity1025 ]o) concentration on @entity235 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity750 ( @entity750 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity1025 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity1025 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity750 . The EC50 to @entity750 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity750 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity1025 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity1025 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity455 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity5521 , @entity1169 , @entity3897 , @entity3933 , @entity4444 ), as well as a @entity3009 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity1025 ; and (2) @entity750 receptor-operated @entity141 channels, as well as those @entity141 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o.

title: Importance of @entity1760 and @entity972 concentration on basal tone and XXXX -induced contractions in @entity235 isolated coronary artery.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity972 ([K+]o) and @entity1760 ([ @entity1025 ]o) concentration on @entity235 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity750 ( @entity750 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity1025 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity1025 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity750 . The EC50 to @entity750 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity750 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity1025 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity1025 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity455 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity5521 , @entity1169 , @entity3897 , @entity3933 , @entity4444 ), as well as a @entity3009 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity1025 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity235 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity1025 ; and (2) @entity750 receptor-operated @entity141 channels, as well as those @entity141 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity1025 ]o.

title: Importance of @entity1760 and @entity972 concentration on basal tone and @entity750 -induced contractions in XXXX isolated coronary artery.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This review starts on one of our special interests, the organ preference of @entity3 . We examined data on 1,117 autopsy cases and found that the organ distribution of @entity3 of @entity5 of the lung, pancreas, stomach, colon, rectum, uterine cervix, liver, bile duct, and esophagus involved the lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone/bone marrow, lymph node, and pleura/peritoneum. Cancers of the kidney, thyroid, ovary, @entity1466 , and breast, however, manifested different metastatic patterns. The distribution of @entity1778 and @entity706 metastases was quite different from that of @entity5 . On the basis of experimental studies, we believe that the anatomical-mechanical hypothesis should be replaced by the microinjury hypothesis, which suggests that tissue microinjury induced by temporal @entity5 cell embolization is crucial for successful @entity3 . This hypothesis may actually reflect the so-called inflammatory oncotaxis concept. To clarify the mechanisms underlying @entity3 , we developed an experimental model system of a @entity35 @entity157 AH7974 that embraced substrate adhesiveness. This model did not prove a relationship between substrate-adhesion potential and metastatic lung-colonizing potential of @entity5 cells, but metastatic potential was correlated with the expression of the laminin @entity1735 that was recognized by Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin G4. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between @entity1735 expression profiles and @entity3 and prognosis. We indeed found an intimate relationship between the @entity1735 expression of @entity5 cells and the progression of @entity5 , organ preference of @entity3 , metastatic potential of @entity5 cells, and prognosis of @entity1 .

title: Organ Preference of Cancer @entity3 and XXXX -Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Including Carbohydrates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This review starts on one of our special interests, the organ preference of @entity3 . We examined data on 1,117 autopsy cases and found that the organ distribution of @entity3 of @entity5 of the lung, pancreas, stomach, colon, rectum, uterine cervix, liver, bile duct, and esophagus involved the lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone/bone marrow, lymph node, and pleura/peritoneum. Cancers of the kidney, thyroid, ovary, @entity1466 , and breast, however, manifested different metastatic patterns. The distribution of @entity1778 and @entity706 metastases was quite different from that of @entity5 . On the basis of experimental studies, we believe that the anatomical-mechanical hypothesis should be replaced by the microinjury hypothesis, which suggests that tissue microinjury induced by temporal @entity5 cell embolization is crucial for successful @entity3 . This hypothesis may actually reflect the so-called inflammatory oncotaxis concept. To clarify the mechanisms underlying @entity3 , we developed an experimental model system of a @entity35 @entity157 AH7974 that embraced substrate adhesiveness. This model did not prove a relationship between substrate-adhesion potential and metastatic lung-colonizing potential of @entity5 cells, but metastatic potential was correlated with the expression of the laminin @entity1735 that was recognized by Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin G4. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between @entity1735 expression profiles and @entity3 and prognosis. We indeed found an intimate relationship between the @entity1735 expression of @entity5 cells and the progression of @entity5 , organ preference of @entity3 , metastatic potential of @entity5 cells, and prognosis of @entity1 .

title: Organ Preference of Cancer XXXX and @entity3 -Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Including Carbohydrates.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: Surface immobilisation antigens (i-antigens) were purified from two strains of @entity26994 (NY1 and G5) that represent different i-antigen serotypes, namely A and D, respectively. The efficacy of the purified antigens as subunit vaccines was then tested in challenge studies using parasites of the homologous or heterologous serotype. Three groups of juvenile @entity4576 (70 animals per group) were immunised with i-antigens from either the G5 or NY1 isolates, or with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a control. Proteins were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 microg/fish with complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1, followed by a second injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on day 15. Fish immunised with the purified i-antigens developed high titres of serum immobilising antibodies whereas sera from BSA-injected control fish did not. Fish antisera immobilised parasites of the homologous, but not the heterologous strain, and recognised the corresponding i-antigens on Western blots run under non-reducing conditions. On day 36, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=30). One subgroup was challenged with G5 parasites, and the other was challenged with NY1 parasites. When challenged with G5 parasites, 70% of fish immunised with the G5 i-antigens survived. When challenged with NY1 parasites, 33.3% of fish immunised with the NY1 i-antigens survived. All BSA-injected control fish died, as did all fish injected with the purified antigens and challenged with the non-homologous parasite strain. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences among test and control groups with regard to the @entity204 ( @entity204 ). While the results of these studies clearly support a role for i-antigens in protection, active immunity in response to natural infection is not serotype-specific. The utility of i-antigens, as well as the existence of other potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of ' @entity1547 , are discussed.

title: Immunisation of XXXX , @entity4576 , with @entity26994 multifiliis immobilisation antigens elicits serotype-specific protection.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['mean days to death', 'MDD']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ["white-spot' disease"]

entities_list: @entity26994 :: ('5932', 'Species') :: ['Ichthyophthirius multifiliis']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: Surface immobilisation antigens (i-antigens) were purified from two strains of @entity26994 (NY1 and G5) that represent different i-antigen serotypes, namely A and D, respectively. The efficacy of the purified antigens as subunit vaccines was then tested in challenge studies using parasites of the homologous or heterologous serotype. Three groups of juvenile @entity4576 (70 animals per group) were immunised with i-antigens from either the G5 or NY1 isolates, or with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a control. Proteins were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 microg/fish with complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1, followed by a second injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on day 15. Fish immunised with the purified i-antigens developed high titres of serum immobilising antibodies whereas sera from BSA-injected control fish did not. Fish antisera immobilised parasites of the homologous, but not the heterologous strain, and recognised the corresponding i-antigens on Western blots run under non-reducing conditions. On day 36, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=30). One subgroup was challenged with G5 parasites, and the other was challenged with NY1 parasites. When challenged with G5 parasites, 70% of fish immunised with the G5 i-antigens survived. When challenged with NY1 parasites, 33.3% of fish immunised with the NY1 i-antigens survived. All BSA-injected control fish died, as did all fish injected with the purified antigens and challenged with the non-homologous parasite strain. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences among test and control groups with regard to the @entity204 ( @entity204 ). While the results of these studies clearly support a role for i-antigens in protection, active immunity in response to natural infection is not serotype-specific. The utility of i-antigens, as well as the existence of other potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of ' @entity1547 , are discussed.

title: Immunisation of @entity4576 , XXXX , with @entity26994 multifiliis immobilisation antigens elicits serotype-specific protection.

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']


abstract: Surface immobilisation antigens (i-antigens) were purified from two strains of @entity26994 (NY1 and G5) that represent different i-antigen serotypes, namely A and D, respectively. The efficacy of the purified antigens as subunit vaccines was then tested in challenge studies using parasites of the homologous or heterologous serotype. Three groups of juvenile @entity4576 (70 animals per group) were immunised with i-antigens from either the G5 or NY1 isolates, or with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a control. Proteins were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 microg/fish with complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1, followed by a second injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on day 15. Fish immunised with the purified i-antigens developed high titres of serum immobilising antibodies whereas sera from BSA-injected control fish did not. Fish antisera immobilised parasites of the homologous, but not the heterologous strain, and recognised the corresponding i-antigens on Western blots run under non-reducing conditions. On day 36, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=30). One subgroup was challenged with G5 parasites, and the other was challenged with NY1 parasites. When challenged with G5 parasites, 70% of fish immunised with the G5 i-antigens survived. When challenged with NY1 parasites, 33.3% of fish immunised with the NY1 i-antigens survived. All BSA-injected control fish died, as did all fish injected with the purified antigens and challenged with the non-homologous parasite strain. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences among test and control groups with regard to the @entity204 ( @entity204 ). While the results of these studies clearly support a role for i-antigens in protection, active immunity in response to natural infection is not serotype-specific. The utility of i-antigens, as well as the existence of other potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of ' @entity1547 , are discussed.

title: Immunisation of @entity4576 , @entity4576 , with XXXX multifiliis immobilisation antigens elicits serotype-specific protection.

answer: @entity26994 :: (5932,Species) :: ['Ichthyophthirius']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This research was carried out to investigate the effectiveness, rationality, and safety of laparotomy management compared with uterine artery embolization (UAE) combined with @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) for the treatment of deep implantation cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP II). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 29 @entity1 seen between June 2008 and February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The @entity1 were divided into the surgery group and the UAE combined with @entity6822 group according to the treatment they received. We compared the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' clinical characteristics did not differ between the surgery group and the UAE combined with @entity6822 group. However, the mean @entity190 was decreased in the surgery group compared with the UAE combined with @entity6822 group (90      4.5  mL vs. 286      5.2  mL, p  <  0.05). No @entity1 required blood transfusion in the surgery group, whereas two @entity1 in the UAE combined with @entity6822 group received blood transfusions. The length of time for the serum beta @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) level to normalize, the time required for the disappearance of the gestational mass, and the duration of hospital stay were significantly less in the surgery group than in the UAE combined with @entity6822 group (13.7      1.0 days vs. 40.7      1.7 days, 7.1      1.3 days vs. 135.4      6.7 days, and 11.0      1.2 days vs. 41.4      3.2 days, respectively; p  <  0.01). Although the treatment success rate did not differ significantly between the two groups, the success rate was 100% for the surgery group and 73% for the UAE combined with @entity6822 group. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment can remove gestational masses and allow wound repair. Moreover, laparotomy  is available in almost all hospitals. Thus, surgery can be an effective and reasonable treatment for CSP II.

title: Management of type II unruptured cesarean scar pregnancy: Comparison of gestational mass excision and uterine artery embolization combined with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine humoral mechanisms that regulate blood flow to the choroid plexus. We determined the effects of @entity5463 on blood flow (microspheres) to the choroid plexus in anesthetized and awake @entity95 . In anesthetized @entity95 , blood flow to the choroid plexus was 342 +/- 31 (mean +/- SEM) ml/min/100 g under control conditions. Intravenous infusion of @entity1951 at 4 and 40 mU/kg increased plasma @entity1951 levels from 11 +/- 1 to 55 +/- 15 and 441 +/- 120 pg/ml, respectively, and blood flow to the choroid plexus decreased by 48 +/- 6% and 70 +/- 4%. Cerebral blood flow was not affected by infusion of @entity1951 . Similar responses to infusion of @entity1951 were observed in awake @entity95 . The V1 antagonist [ @entity6021 ] (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) had no effect on resting blood flow, but abolished the effect of @entity1951 on blood flow to the choroid plexus. Vasoconstrictor responses of the choroid plexus to intravenous infusion of @entity2647 were not attenuated by the V1 antagonist. Thus, circulating @entity1951 , at plasma levels that are observed under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, has marked effects on blood flow to the choroid plexus. These effects appear to be mediated through a V1 receptor. We speculate that @entity1951 may play an important role in regulation of blood flow to the choroid plexus and perhaps in the regulation of cerebrospinal fluid production.

title: Humoral regulation of blood flow to choroid plexus: role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity5463 :: (MESH:D001127,Chemical) :: ['arginine vasopressin']


abstract: The high mortality rate in @entity99 is a concern for the surgeons on duty, who most know the physiopathological problems and the decisions needed in view of both @entity99 . The mortality rate from liver @entity130 has fallen from 60% at the beginning of this century, blunt @entity130 to the abdomen from accidents, is responsible for 80-90% of all liver injures in Europe. The severity of @entity99 in 268 @entity1 in a prospective study (1978-1998), were treated according to a defined protocol. Non operative management was used in first day, for those who were haemodynamically stable on admission. In unstable @entity1 who proceeded to surgery, under optimal condition the mortality rate was 34.3%. @entity204 in @entity1 with multiple injures should only rarely result from liver @entity130 . 92 @entity1 with minor injures (grade I-II) were treated by simple suture, with mortality rate of 6%. 116 @entity1 (43%) sustained complex hepatic injures (grade III to V); 64 @entity1 with grade III (23%), 36 with grade IV (13%). 16 @entity1 (5%) grade V, injury under went finger @entity174 of @entity99 alone 36. The mortality rate in this group was 18% (III), 36% (IV). 16 @entity1 with grad V injury were managed with 68% mortality rate. Juxtahepatic veins and retrohepatic V.C.I. injury continue to carry a prohibitive mortality rate (90-100%).

title: [Observations regarding surgical treatment in liver XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'hepatic and extrahepatic injures', 'hepatic parenchyma', 'hepatic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The nature and organisation of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) associated with the early phase of a @entity3140 were studied. Upper limb elevations, performed at maximal velocity, were studied according to three conditions: bilateral flexions (BF) and unilateral flexions without and with an additional inertia (respectively OUF and IUF). Activities of the anterior part of the deltoid (DA) and of main muscles of the lower limbs, pelvis, trunk and scapular girdle were recorded by surface electromyography. Miniature-accelerometers enabled the recording of the tangential acceleration of the arm at wrist level (Aw) and the antero-posterior accelerations of various body links. Systematic investigations allow a precise description of the segmental phenomena which precede the onset of the @entity717 . Before the activation of the anterior deltoid, a sequence of EMG modifications occurred in muscles of lower limbs, pelvis and trunk. The onset of Aw was preceded by anticipatory local accelerations of all the body links. Anticipatory EMG activities and local accelerations were organised according to patterns which were specific to the forthcoming @entity717 . By comparing anticipatory EMG activities with anticipatory local accelerations, the nature of anticipatory postural movements can be determined. They appear to counteract the disturbing effects of the forthcoming @entity717 . Because of their reproducibility and specificity, the anticipatory postural movements can be considered as preprogrammed. Postural adjustments and @entity717 appear to be parts of the same motor program. @entity717 should result from muscular functional synergies selected from a pre-evaluation of the perturbative aspects of the forthcoming movement.

title: Posturo-kinetic organisation during the early phase of XXXX . 1. Normal subjects.

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary upper limb movement']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement', 'Anticipatory postural movements']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['voluntary upper limb movement']


abstract: Thymic cysts are considered uncommon lesions in the differential diagnosis of pediatric neck masses. They have been described as asymptomatic and of little clinical consequence. Recent reports have stressed the possibility of respiratory compromise associated with these lesions. We reviewed our experience with cervical @entity20068 with emphasis on respiratory problems. Ten pediatric @entity1 underwent surgery and were found to have cervical @entity20068 . Ages ranged from newborn to 14 years. There were four @entity1 and six @entity1 . Two were found to have the @entity20068 at time of neck exploration for Grave's disease and @entity2742 . Of the remaining eight @entity1 , all had mobile cystic masses, located anterior to but extending beneath the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The size of the mass ranged from 3.0 to 8.5 cm. Preoperative diagnosis included @entity3609 / @entity12743 (five), @entity706 (one), @entity44 (one), and thymic cyst (one). All had a history of rapidly developing neck mass. Seven of the eight gave a history of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) prior to the development of the mass. Five had imaging studies that showed tracheal compression. Three of these required airway management in the early postoperative period. All were excised through a neck incision, with two requiring sternal extension. Histology showed @entity165 crystals, Hassall's corpuscles, and giant cell reaction diagnosis of @entity20068 . There has been no recurrence and no permanent respiratory sequela in the ten @entity1 . Cervical @entity20068 are benign lesions that may be more common than literature suggests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Respiratory complications in cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity20068 :: ('MESH:D008476', 'Disease') :: ['thymic cysts']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['URI', 'upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity12743 :: ('MESH:D001935', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cleft cyst']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity20068 :: (MESH:D008476,Disease) :: ['thymic cysts']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the bladder is a rare entity in the pediatric population, with an incidence of less than 0.4% in @entity1 younger than 20 years. These @entity1 overwhelmingly present with non-muscle-invasive low-grade disease and an indolent behavior. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the source of the different natural history between pediatric population and adults; we hypothesized that pediatric @entity150 may stem from different molecular pathways. Our objective with this descriptive case series was to study the main genes involved in pediatric @entity150 using immunohistochemical (IHC) and mutational analysis. By studying the genetic alterations and immunophenotype of the most commonly altered genes in bladder @entity5 in three @entity5 we could gain better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in this rare disease. STUDY DESIGN: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue slides of urothelial @entity150 from three pediatric @entity1 were retrospectively identified at Columbia University pathology archives (1990-2011) and re-evaluated. @entity2557 , @entity8498 , and @entity10412 hotspots mutational analyses were conducted by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing from the FFPE tissue blocks. IHC analysis was conducted using antibodies against @entity876 , @entity983 , @entity995 , @entity470 , and @entity1722 . Proliferative rate was assessed by Ki-67 expression. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had low-grade Ta disease, whereas the other @entity5 was classified as a @entity4929 of low malignant potential. None of the lesions recurred. Notably, all specimens showed @entity8498 @entity22563 mutation, whereas they were characterized by wild-type @entity2557 and @entity10412 . Nuclear @entity876 was not detected, whereas @entity983 and @entity995 expression were maintained. @entity470 was expressed in the three cases and @entity1722 was negative. The proliferation rate was very low in all cases. DISCUSSION: It is difficult to draw strong conclusions from the study of three @entity5 treated at the same institution and from the same referral population, and a multicentric study should be performed to confirm these preliminary results. However, we propose that @entity8498 mutation analysis could be performed on urothelial @entity150 of pediatric @entity1 . The knowledge in the molecular basis of urothelial @entity150 in @entity1 opens a promising field which could lead us to establish different guidelines for surveillance and follow-up of pediatric @entity150 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 are characterized by a consistent @entity8498 mutation status, whereas @entity2557 and @entity876 pathways are not involved in this @entity5 initiation. These results may explain the few recurrences seen in this population.

title: @entity8498 mutation is a key molecular feature of pediatric XXXX . A detailed report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary urothelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity22563 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12V']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pediatric tumors', 'urothelial cancer', 'tumors', 'Pediatric tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'urothelial bladder cancer', 'bladder tumors', 'urothelial bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urothelial bladder cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the bladder is a rare entity in the pediatric population, with an incidence of less than 0.4% in @entity1 younger than 20 years. These @entity1 overwhelmingly present with non-muscle-invasive low-grade disease and an indolent behavior. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the source of the different natural history between pediatric population and adults; we hypothesized that pediatric @entity150 may stem from different molecular pathways. Our objective with this descriptive case series was to study the main genes involved in pediatric @entity150 using immunohistochemical (IHC) and mutational analysis. By studying the genetic alterations and immunophenotype of the most commonly altered genes in bladder @entity5 in three @entity5 we could gain better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in this rare disease. STUDY DESIGN: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue slides of urothelial @entity150 from three pediatric @entity1 were retrospectively identified at Columbia University pathology archives (1990-2011) and re-evaluated. @entity2557 , @entity8498 , and @entity10412 hotspots mutational analyses were conducted by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing from the FFPE tissue blocks. IHC analysis was conducted using antibodies against @entity876 , @entity983 , @entity995 , @entity470 , and @entity1722 . Proliferative rate was assessed by Ki-67 expression. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had low-grade Ta disease, whereas the other @entity5 was classified as a @entity4929 of low malignant potential. None of the lesions recurred. Notably, all specimens showed @entity8498 @entity22563 mutation, whereas they were characterized by wild-type @entity2557 and @entity10412 . Nuclear @entity876 was not detected, whereas @entity983 and @entity995 expression were maintained. @entity470 was expressed in the three cases and @entity1722 was negative. The proliferation rate was very low in all cases. DISCUSSION: It is difficult to draw strong conclusions from the study of three @entity5 treated at the same institution and from the same referral population, and a multicentric study should be performed to confirm these preliminary results. However, we propose that @entity8498 mutation analysis could be performed on urothelial @entity150 of pediatric @entity1 . The knowledge in the molecular basis of urothelial @entity150 in @entity1 opens a promising field which could lead us to establish different guidelines for surveillance and follow-up of pediatric @entity150 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 are characterized by a consistent @entity8498 mutation status, whereas @entity2557 and @entity876 pathways are not involved in this @entity5 initiation. These results may explain the few recurrences seen in this population.

title: XXXX mutation is a key molecular feature of pediatric @entity150 . A detailed report of three cases.

answer: @entity8498 :: (3265,Gene) :: ['H-RAS']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1987 48 @entity1 (35 female and 13 male) underwent operations at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, for primary @entity4617 . The age of the @entity1 ranged from 21 to 71 years. Clinical symptoms were @entity712 , cardiac murmurs and findings similar to @entity4794 , @entity662 , @entity943 , @entity1416 , @entity583 and @entity2396 . 39 of the @entity5 were benign and 9 were malignant. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and/or cineangiocardiography. The left atrium was most commonly involved, followed by the right atrium. Surgery was performed in all cases using cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity5 were totally removed, including attachment to the atrial septum or the free wall. In one case the @entity5 resection was carried out by autotransplantation of the heart. During the perioperative period we lost one of the 39 @entity1 with @entity5 due to @entity998 . Observing a mean follow up period of 48 months, no recurrence of @entity5 was noted and all @entity1 are doing well now. The @entity5 could not be removed completely, and in 4 cases only a reduction of the @entity5 mass was possible. Three of the 9 @entity1 died during the postoperative period. Only one @entity1 survived longer than 48 months. Whereas surgical therapy of malignant @entity4617 is still a matter of discussion based upon these discouraging results, benign or semimalignant @entity4617 have a very favourable prognosis when the surgical intervention can be performed prior to the occurrence of severe complications, such as @entity712 and @entity1416 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Primary XXXX --clinical experiences and late results in 48 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'benign tumors', 'Benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolism']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac neoplasms', 'cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity4617 :: (MESH:D006338,Disease) :: ['cardiac tumors']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1987 48 @entity1 (35 female and 13 male) underwent operations at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, for primary @entity4617 . The age of the @entity1 ranged from 21 to 71 years. Clinical symptoms were @entity712 , cardiac murmurs and findings similar to @entity4794 , @entity662 , @entity943 , @entity1416 , @entity583 and @entity2396 . 39 of the @entity5 were benign and 9 were malignant. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and/or cineangiocardiography. The left atrium was most commonly involved, followed by the right atrium. Surgery was performed in all cases using cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity5 were totally removed, including attachment to the atrial septum or the free wall. In one case the @entity5 resection was carried out by autotransplantation of the heart. During the perioperative period we lost one of the 39 @entity1 with @entity5 due to @entity998 . Observing a mean follow up period of 48 months, no recurrence of @entity5 was noted and all @entity1 are doing well now. The @entity5 could not be removed completely, and in 4 cases only a reduction of the @entity5 mass was possible. Three of the 9 @entity1 died during the postoperative period. Only one @entity1 survived longer than 48 months. Whereas surgical therapy of malignant @entity4617 is still a matter of discussion based upon these discouraging results, benign or semimalignant @entity4617 have a very favourable prognosis when the surgical intervention can be performed prior to the occurrence of severe complications, such as @entity712 and @entity1416 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Primary @entity4617 --clinical experiences and late results in 48 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence indicates that subclinical @entity1374 has important clinical effects and prognostic implications, supporting the view that it is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu. PURPOSE: To review clinical information on the effects of subclinical @entity1374 on the heart. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles identified from files and a MEDLINE search (1970-September 2001), references of relevant articles, textbooks, and meeting abstracts. STUDY SELECTION: Reports on the effects of @entity1375 and @entity1378 on the cardiovascular system in @entity1 . DATA EXTRACTION: Data on cardiac structure and performance, @entity943 , and risk for @entity453 were independently assessed by all authors and summarized. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity1375 is associated with impaired left ventricular diastolic function at rest, @entity299 on effort, and enhanced risk for @entity731 and @entity583 . Subclinical @entity1378 is associated with increased heart rate, @entity943 , increased left ventricular mass with marginal concentric remodeling, impaired ventricular relaxation, reduced exercise performance, and increased risk for @entity65 . All abnormalities were reversed by restoration of euthyroidism ( @entity1375 ) or were blunted by beta-blockade and tailoring of the @entity1955 dose ( @entity1378 ). CONCLUSION: The heart responds to the minimal but persistent changes in circulating @entity6145 levels typical of subclinical @entity1374 . Thus, the condition is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu, and timely treatment should be considered in an attempt to avoid adverse cardiovascular effects.

title: Effects of subclinical XXXX on the heart.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'Subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['l -thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'subclinical hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment options for metastatic soft-tissue @entity242 are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical activity of @entity1260 rechallenge in @entity1352 ( @entity1352 ), @entity1821 ( @entity1821 ), @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ), and high-grade @entity242 not otherwise specified. METHODS: A retrospective search of the Royal Marsden @entity242 Unit Database was performed to identify @entity1 initially treated with @entity1260 (as single agent or in combination) and who were subsequently rechallenged with single-agent @entity1260 . Baseline demographics and response assessment were retrospectively obtained. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were identified and the median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range, 18 to 71 y). There were 29 cases of @entity1352 , 17 of @entity1821 , 12 of @entity1822 , and 9 of @entity242 not otherwise specified. First-line @entity1260 -containing therapy was given to 14 @entity1 as adjuvant therapy (adjuvant group) and 53 @entity1 as palliative therapy (palliative group). Clinical activity (partial response or stable disease) with single-agent @entity1260 rechallenge was documented in 50.0% of @entity1 in the adjuvant group (7 in the second line) and 34.0% of @entity1 in the palliative group (15 in the second line, 1 in third line, and 2 in the fourth line). The median progression-free survival in @entity1 with documented clinical activity was 11.5 months (95% CI, 8.8-12.3) and 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.1-9.0), respectively, in the adjuvant and palliative group. @entity1260 rechallenge was mostly active in @entity1352 @entity1 (49.3%, 14 out of 29 @entity1 with partial remission or stable disease). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1260 rechallenge has clinical activity in soft-tissue @entity242 and can be considered a viable option in treating @entity3 .

title: Successful XXXX Rechallenge in Soft-Tissue @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['LPS', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment options for metastatic soft-tissue @entity242 are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical activity of @entity1260 rechallenge in @entity1352 ( @entity1352 ), @entity1821 ( @entity1821 ), @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ), and high-grade @entity242 not otherwise specified. METHODS: A retrospective search of the Royal Marsden @entity242 Unit Database was performed to identify @entity1 initially treated with @entity1260 (as single agent or in combination) and who were subsequently rechallenged with single-agent @entity1260 . Baseline demographics and response assessment were retrospectively obtained. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were identified and the median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range, 18 to 71 y). There were 29 cases of @entity1352 , 17 of @entity1821 , 12 of @entity1822 , and 9 of @entity242 not otherwise specified. First-line @entity1260 -containing therapy was given to 14 @entity1 as adjuvant therapy (adjuvant group) and 53 @entity1 as palliative therapy (palliative group). Clinical activity (partial response or stable disease) with single-agent @entity1260 rechallenge was documented in 50.0% of @entity1 in the adjuvant group (7 in the second line) and 34.0% of @entity1 in the palliative group (15 in the second line, 1 in third line, and 2 in the fourth line). The median progression-free survival in @entity1 with documented clinical activity was 11.5 months (95% CI, 8.8-12.3) and 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.1-9.0), respectively, in the adjuvant and palliative group. @entity1260 rechallenge was mostly active in @entity1352 @entity1 (49.3%, 14 out of 29 @entity1 with partial remission or stable disease). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1260 rechallenge has clinical activity in soft-tissue @entity242 and can be considered a viable option in treating @entity3 .

title: Successful @entity1260 Rechallenge in Soft-Tissue XXXX .

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma']


abstract: Recent brain imaging and lesion studies provide converging evidence for amygdala involvement in judgments of fear and trust based on facial expression [Adolphs et al., Nature 393 (1998) 470; Adolphs et al., Neuropsychologia 37 (1999) 1111; Breiter et al., Neuron 17 (1996) 875; Winston et al., Nat. Neurosci. 5 (3) (2002) 277]. Another type of social information apparent in face stimuli is social group membership. Imaging studies have reported amygdala activation to face stimuli of different racial groups [Hart et al., NeuroReport 11 (11) (2000) 2351]. In White American subjects, amygdala activation to Black versus White faces was correlated with indirect, implicit measures of racial evaluation [Phelps et al., J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12 (5) (2000) 729]. To determine if the amygdala plays a critical role in indirect social group evaluation, as suggested by the imaging results, a @entity1 with bilateral @entity16 and control subjects were given two measures of race bias. All subjects were female, White Americans. The @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) is a direct, self-report measure of race attitudes and beliefs. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is an indirect, automatic evaluation task. Performance on the two tasks did not differ between the @entity1 with @entity16 and control subjects. All subjects showed a pro-Black bias on the direct, explicit measure of race beliefs, the @entity2653 , and a negative evaluation towards Black faces on the indirect measure of race evaluation, the IAT. These results indicate that even though amygdala activation to Black versus White faces is correlated with performance on indirect measures of race bias [Phelps et al., J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12 (5) (2000) 729], the amygdala is not critical for normal performance on the IAT.

title: Intact performance on an indirect measure of race bias following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['amygdala damage']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Modern Racism Scale', 'MRS']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['amygdala damage']


abstract: A variety of heavy metals are recognized as environmental pollutants, and although a significant body of literature exists on the acute @entity137 of these metals in various tissues, little is known about the effects of metals such as @entity349 on host defense. Therefore, the effect of @entity3143 ( @entity3143 ) on @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function in vitro was evaluated. The acute @entity137 of @entity3143 for @entity1 PMN was calculated initially using vital dye exclusion (trypan blue), and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Concentrations of @entity3143 less than or equal to 10(-6) M did not induce significant LDH release, or uptake of @entity3460 . Additionally, @entity3143 at less than or equal to 10(-7) M produced no ultrastructural alterations in the PMN. The effects of @entity3143 on @entity1 PMN functions involved in host defense were evaluated next. @entity3143 consistently suppressed @entity1 PMN adherence, polarization, chemotaxis, and erythrophagocytosis at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-17) M. Because of the established role of @entity26 metabolites in host defense, the effects of @entity3143 on @entity1 PMN chemiluminescence and @entity274 production were evaluated next. These studies demonstrated that low concentrations of @entity3143 (ie, 10(-9)-10(-15) M) significantly enhanced chemiluminescence, as well as stimulated @entity274 production by the PMN. These studies clearly demonstrate the ability of extremely low levels of @entity3143 not only to suppress various PMN functions involved in host defense, but also to stimulate @entity26 metabolism. In vivo, these @entity3143 effects would not only compromise host defense but also promote tissue injury via the local production of @entity26 metabolites.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['mercuric chloride', 'HgCl2']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: A variety of heavy metals are recognized as environmental pollutants, and although a significant body of literature exists on the acute @entity137 of these metals in various tissues, little is known about the effects of metals such as @entity349 on host defense. Therefore, the effect of @entity3143 ( @entity3143 ) on @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function in vitro was evaluated. The acute @entity137 of @entity3143 for @entity1 PMN was calculated initially using vital dye exclusion (trypan blue), and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Concentrations of @entity3143 less than or equal to 10(-6) M did not induce significant LDH release, or uptake of @entity3460 . Additionally, @entity3143 at less than or equal to 10(-7) M produced no ultrastructural alterations in the PMN. The effects of @entity3143 on @entity1 PMN functions involved in host defense were evaluated next. @entity3143 consistently suppressed @entity1 PMN adherence, polarization, chemotaxis, and erythrophagocytosis at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-17) M. Because of the established role of @entity26 metabolites in host defense, the effects of @entity3143 on @entity1 PMN chemiluminescence and @entity274 production were evaluated next. These studies demonstrated that low concentrations of @entity3143 (ie, 10(-9)-10(-15) M) significantly enhanced chemiluminescence, as well as stimulated @entity274 production by the PMN. These studies clearly demonstrate the ability of extremely low levels of @entity3143 not only to suppress various PMN functions involved in host defense, but also to stimulate @entity26 metabolism. In vivo, these @entity3143 effects would not only compromise host defense but also promote tissue injury via the local production of @entity26 metabolites.

title: Effects of @entity349 on XXXX polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present our clinical experience using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to improve dose uniformity and treatment efficacy in @entity1 with @entity0 treated with breast-conserving therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 281 @entity1 with Stage 0, I, and II @entity0 treated with breast-conserving therapy received whole breast RT after lumpectomy using our static, multileaf collimator (sMLC) IMRT technique. The technical and practical aspects of implementing this technique on a large scale in the clinic were analyzed. The clinical outcome of @entity1 treated with this technique was also reviewed. RESULTS: The median time required for three-dimensional alignment of the tangential fields and dosimetric IMRT planning was 40 and 45 min, respectively. The median number of sMLC segments required per @entity1 to meet the predefined dose-volume constraints was 6 (range 3-12). The median percentage of the treatment given with open fields (no sMLC segments) was 83% (range 38-96%), and the median treatment time was <10 min. The median volume of breast receiving 105% of the prescribed dose was 11% (range 0-67.6%). The median breast volume receiving 110% of the prescribed dose was 0% (range 0-39%), and the median breast volume receiving 115% of the prescribed dose was also 0%. A total of 157 @entity1 (56%) experienced Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 0 or I acute @entity137 ; 102 @entity1 (43%) developed @entity137 and only 3 (1%) experienced @entity137 . The cosmetic results at 12 months (95 @entity1 analyzable) were rated as excellent/good in 94 @entity1 (99%). No @entity272 , significant @entity82 , or persistent @entity5026 was noted. CONCLUSION: The use of intensity modulation with our sMLC technique for tangential whole breast RT is an efficient method for achieving a uniform and standardized dose throughout the whole breast. Strict dose-volume constraints can be readily achieved resulting in both uniform coverage of breast tissue and a potential reduction in acute and chronic @entity137 . Because the median number of sMLC segments required per @entity1 is only 6, the treatment time is equivalent to conventional wedged-tangent treatment techniques. As a result, widespread implementation of this technology can be achieved with minimal imposition on clinic resources and time constraints.

title: Optimizing XXXX treatment efficacy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III toxicity', 'skin toxicity', 'Grade II acute skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin telengiectasias']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both the @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), consisting of the supplementary motor area ( @entity11280 ) proper, the pre- @entity11280 , and the @entity2194 cortex are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and are involved in higher motor control. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) originates from the @entity4940 and reflects cognitive preparation processes before volitional movements. @entity6128 may lead to impaired motor control in the absence of limb @entity425 and evoke an @entity71052 ( @entity71052 ) in its extreme form. AIM: To characterize the clinical spectrum of disturbed motor control after @entity6128 , including signs attributable to @entity71052 and to identify the underlying neuroanatomical correlates. METHODS: A clinical assessment focusing on signs of disturbed motor control including intermanual conflict (i.e., bilateral hand movements directed at opposite purposes), lack of self-initiated movements, exaggerated grasping, motor perseverations, @entity33159 , and @entity36120 was performed. Symptoms were grouped into (A) @entity71052 -specific and (B) non- @entity71052 -specific signs of upper limbs, and (C) @entity36120 . Lesion summation mapping was applied to the @entity1 ' MRI or CT scans to reveal associated lesion patterns. The BP was recorded in two @entity1 . RESULTS: Ten @entity1 with @entity6128 (nine unilateral, one bilateral; mean age: 74.2   years; median NIH-SS at admission: 13.0) were included in this case series. In the acute stage, all cases had marked difficulties to perform volitional hand movements, while movements in response to external stimuli were preserved. In the chronic stage (median follow-up: 83.5   days) initiation of @entity717 improved, although all @entity1 showed persistent signs of disturbed motor control. Impaired motor control is predominantly associated with damaged voxels within the @entity4940 and the anterior and medial cingulate cortex, while lesions within the pre- @entity11280 are specifically related to @entity71052 . No BP was detected over the damaged hemisphere. CONCLUSION: @entity6128 involving the premotor cortices, particularly the pre- @entity11280 , are associated with @entity71052 -specific signs. In the acute phase, motor behavior is characterized by the inability to carry out self-initiated movements. Motor control deficits may persist to a variable degree beyond the acute phase. Alterations of the BP point to an underlying @entity66 in @entity71052 .

title: Supplementary Motor Complex and Disturbed Motor Control - a Retrospective Clinical and Lesion Analysis of XXXX after Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['supplementary eye field, and the rostral cingulate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SMC dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity33159 :: ('OMIM:157600', 'Disease') :: ['mirror movements']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['ACA strokes']

entities_list: @entity71052 :: ('MESH:D055964', 'Disease') :: ['AHS', 'alien hand syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['supplementary motor complex', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity36120 :: ('MESH:D020235', 'Disease') :: ['gait apraxia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Since 1996 when @entity172 receptor beta( @entity1783 ) was discovered, much effort has been devoted to the question of the value of @entity1783 as a prognostic and/or predictive factor in @entity0 and its potential as a novel target for pharmacological intervention. When @entity172 receptors are applied on @entity969 gradients and quantified by ligand binding, we found that in contrast to @entity1782 , which has a narrow tissue distribution, @entity1783 is expressed in many tissues including both normal and malignant breast tissue. Receptor protein levels in tissues can also be measured from the intensities of bands after Western blotting and can be quantified when purified and quantified receptor is used as a standard. With this technique, we found that there were some @entity5 which had over 600 fmol/mg of @entity1783 protein but no detectable @entity53 binding. In @entity5 , RT-PCR analysis revealed that @entity1783 cx is the only @entity1783 isoform present. @entity1783 cx is a splice variant which utilizes an alternative exon 8. This change in the C-terminus results in very poor binding to @entity53 (E2) and has a dominant negative effect on @entity1782 function. Immunohistochemical analysis with an @entity1783 cx specific antibody in 115 @entity1782 -positive @entity0 revealed that about half of the samples expressed @entity1783 cx protein. Initial analysis of samples from @entity1 with preoperative @entity440 treatment revealed that @entity1782 -positive @entity5 expressing @entity1783 cx and lacking PR seemed to be resistant to the anti- @entity172 . We conclude that, in order to better characterize @entity0 and design appropriate therapy for individual @entity1 , assays for @entity1783 cx must be made available to clinicians.

title: Clinical impact of assay of XXXX receptor beta cx in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['such tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Since 1996 when @entity172 receptor beta( @entity1783 ) was discovered, much effort has been devoted to the question of the value of @entity1783 as a prognostic and/or predictive factor in @entity0 and its potential as a novel target for pharmacological intervention. When @entity172 receptors are applied on @entity969 gradients and quantified by ligand binding, we found that in contrast to @entity1782 , which has a narrow tissue distribution, @entity1783 is expressed in many tissues including both normal and malignant breast tissue. Receptor protein levels in tissues can also be measured from the intensities of bands after Western blotting and can be quantified when purified and quantified receptor is used as a standard. With this technique, we found that there were some @entity5 which had over 600 fmol/mg of @entity1783 protein but no detectable @entity53 binding. In @entity5 , RT-PCR analysis revealed that @entity1783 cx is the only @entity1783 isoform present. @entity1783 cx is a splice variant which utilizes an alternative exon 8. This change in the C-terminus results in very poor binding to @entity53 (E2) and has a dominant negative effect on @entity1782 function. Immunohistochemical analysis with an @entity1783 cx specific antibody in 115 @entity1782 -positive @entity0 revealed that about half of the samples expressed @entity1783 cx protein. Initial analysis of samples from @entity1 with preoperative @entity440 treatment revealed that @entity1782 -positive @entity5 expressing @entity1783 cx and lacking PR seemed to be resistant to the anti- @entity172 . We conclude that, in order to better characterize @entity0 and design appropriate therapy for individual @entity1 , assays for @entity1783 cx must be made available to clinicians.

title: Clinical impact of assay of @entity172 receptor beta cx in XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Salivary and microbial conditions were examined in 124 50-60-yr-old @entity1 attending a dental clinic of the Public Dental Health Service. They were then randomly divided into a control and a test group. @entity1 with low salivary secretion rate and buffer capacity and high numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in the test group received special caries preventive measures during 1 yr. In the control group all @entity1 were given prevention according to routine procedures. The incidence of @entity1547 between the groups was compared. The risk @entity1 in the control group developed 1.67 new carious lesions as compared to 0.19 in the test group. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Also the numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were significantly lower in the risk @entity1 in the test group after 1 yr compared with baseline values. After the experimental year all @entity1 were treated according to routine procedures. Five years after the start of the study a new examination showed increased caries activity in the risk @entity1 in the test group and the gain which had been made during the experimental year was almost lost.

title: Effect of preventive measures in 50-60-year-olds with a high risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['dental caries']


abstract: The influence of high density lipoproteins (HDL) on luteinizing hormone-stimulated @entity35 ovarian theca/interstitial cell steroidogenesis was studied. Without HDL the cells produced primarily @entity3800 from @entity1871 precursors. In the presence of @entity35 or @entity1 HDL @entity134 output increased 3-5-fold, but the type of @entity134 produced was dependent on the source of the HDL. @entity1 HDL nonselectively amplified luteinizing hormone-stimulated @entity134 production, whereas @entity35 HDL promoted progestin production without a concomitant increase in @entity342 output. Comparisons of the activities of apoprotein E-rich HDL (e.g. HDL from intact mature @entity35 ) with apoprotein E-poor HDL (e.g. @entity1 HDL or @entity35 HDL from hypophysectomized immature @entity35 ) suggested that apoprotein E was responsible for the inhibition of @entity342 production. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of @entity35 HDL was abolished by depleting apoprotein E-containing lipoproteins with heparin affinity chromatography. Direct evidence that apoprotein E was the inhibitory constituent of @entity35 HDL was obtained by showing that isolated lipid-free @entity35 apoprotein E inhibited @entity342 production, whereas isolated @entity35 apoproteins A-I and A-IV did not. The possible paracrine function of apoprotein E in ovarian follicular maturation of the ovary is discussed.

title: Apoprotein E-rich high density lipoproteins inhibit ovarian XXXX synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: 1. In helically cut strips of aorta from @entity2515 -treated @entity840 , cumulative concentrations (30 microM, 0.3 mM and 3 mM) of @entity11073 progressively reduced the basal tone of the preparations and relaxed the smooth muscle contracted by 1 microM @entity1063 or by 20 mM K+. 2. The relaxing effect was completely suppressed by tissue pretreatment with @entity859 deaminase (1 U ml-1). 3. Relaxation induced by @entity11073 was not affected by 50 microM @entity3352 or by 0.1 mM @entity14922 and was potentiated by 5 microM @entity5126 . 4. Like @entity11073 , exogenous @entity859 reduced the basal tone of the @entity840 aorta strips and relaxed the preparations contracted by 1 microM @entity1063 or by 20 mM k+ in a concentration-dependent manner. 5. The relaxing activity of exogenous @entity859 was not affected by 50 microM @entity3352 , was potentiated by 5 microM @entity5126 and was partially antagonized by 0.1 mM @entity14922 . 6. These results indicate the involvement of endogenous @entity859 in the relaxing effect of @entity11073 on @entity840 aorta strips, but the specific mechanism of @entity11073 - @entity859 interaction remains to be elucidated.

title: The response of isolated @entity840 aorta to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity14922 :: ('MESH:C028322', 'Chemical') :: ['8-phenyltheophylline']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity11073 :: (MESH:D000676,Chemical) :: ['amrinone']


abstract: 1. In helically cut strips of aorta from @entity2515 -treated @entity840 , cumulative concentrations (30 microM, 0.3 mM and 3 mM) of @entity11073 progressively reduced the basal tone of the preparations and relaxed the smooth muscle contracted by 1 microM @entity1063 or by 20 mM K+. 2. The relaxing effect was completely suppressed by tissue pretreatment with @entity859 deaminase (1 U ml-1). 3. Relaxation induced by @entity11073 was not affected by 50 microM @entity3352 or by 0.1 mM @entity14922 and was potentiated by 5 microM @entity5126 . 4. Like @entity11073 , exogenous @entity859 reduced the basal tone of the @entity840 aorta strips and relaxed the preparations contracted by 1 microM @entity1063 or by 20 mM k+ in a concentration-dependent manner. 5. The relaxing activity of exogenous @entity859 was not affected by 50 microM @entity3352 , was potentiated by 5 microM @entity5126 and was partially antagonized by 0.1 mM @entity14922 . 6. These results indicate the involvement of endogenous @entity859 in the relaxing effect of @entity11073 on @entity840 aorta strips, but the specific mechanism of @entity11073 - @entity859 interaction remains to be elucidated.

title: The response of isolated XXXX aorta to @entity11073 .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Thirty-five @entity1 who had @entity309 were followed for three to twenty-two years. Four categories of involvement of the hip were seen. In the first group, thirteen @entity1 had mild disability and slight radiographic changes. In six of those @entity1 the disease was in remission at the time of writing, and the @entity1 were asymptomatic. In the second group, two @entity1 had @entity717 that correlated with the activity of the disease. In the third group, fourteen @entity1 had progressive disability and radiographic changes. Fifty-five of the fifty-nine procedures that were performed on the hip and knee in this series were done on those fourteen @entity1 . In the fourth group, six @entity1 had dramatic clinical and radiographic findings but, at the time of the latest follow-up, had little functional disability. In all six of these @entity1 , the disease was in remission. In the @entity1 in this study, protrusio acetabuli was more cephalad than has been found in adults who have @entity309 . All of the @entity1 had psychosocial problems, but they responded well to counseling. These problems influenced the timing of the surgical treatment.

title: Involvement of the hip in XXXX . A longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['episodic disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Focal @entity2806 in the @entity35 was induced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. The temporal evolution of regional energy metabolism was studied over the 14 days consequent to the induction of @entity63 in the frontal, cingulate, parietal, and occipital cortices as well as in the striatum. Regional concentrations of @entity855 ( @entity855 ), @entity1734 , and @entity880 and, in addition, @entity413 and the cerebral/plasma @entity413 ratio (C/P) were measured in the hemispheres both ipsilateral and contralateral to the occlusion. Two hours after @entity2500 , the biochemical changes were severe in the striatum and moderate in cortical regions. Later on (at 24 and 48 h), an overall aggravated metabolic status was noted while @entity880 declined and @entity413 markedly increased. These latter biochemical changes likely indicate a marked inhibition of the rate of @entity413 utilization. At 48 h, the energy reserves ( @entity855 , @entity1734 ) of parietal cortex no longer equaled those of other cortical regions, but abruptly fell to the levels found in the striatum without any increase in @entity880 level. Finally, at 7 and 14 days, the levels of the various metabolites in most cortical regions returned toward control values, although signs of a @entity308 @entity413 metabolism remained. However, in both striatum and parietal cortex, @entity855 and @entity1734 concentrations, although higher than those observed at 48 h, remained significantly decreased. Our present biochemical study permits the classification of these selected brain regions into three categories. First there are those that are outside the area of @entity1188 : the frontal, cingulate, and occipital cortices. These regions show little temporal evolution of brain energy metabolism but, notwithstanding, they are regions in which @entity413 use would appear to be greatly @entity308 . Second is a region considered to be the focus of @entity1188 : the striatum. The caudate-putamen is a region with early and profound @entity209 with no final restitution. Last is the region of metabolic penumbra--the parietal cortex, in which there is a time-related exacerbation of the consequences of middle @entity2500 in the @entity35 .

title: Temporal evolution of regional energy metabolism following focal XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Focal @entity2806 in the @entity35 was induced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. The temporal evolution of regional energy metabolism was studied over the 14 days consequent to the induction of @entity63 in the frontal, cingulate, parietal, and occipital cortices as well as in the striatum. Regional concentrations of @entity855 ( @entity855 ), @entity1734 , and @entity880 and, in addition, @entity413 and the cerebral/plasma @entity413 ratio (C/P) were measured in the hemispheres both ipsilateral and contralateral to the occlusion. Two hours after @entity2500 , the biochemical changes were severe in the striatum and moderate in cortical regions. Later on (at 24 and 48 h), an overall aggravated metabolic status was noted while @entity880 declined and @entity413 markedly increased. These latter biochemical changes likely indicate a marked inhibition of the rate of @entity413 utilization. At 48 h, the energy reserves ( @entity855 , @entity1734 ) of parietal cortex no longer equaled those of other cortical regions, but abruptly fell to the levels found in the striatum without any increase in @entity880 level. Finally, at 7 and 14 days, the levels of the various metabolites in most cortical regions returned toward control values, although signs of a @entity308 @entity413 metabolism remained. However, in both striatum and parietal cortex, @entity855 and @entity1734 concentrations, although higher than those observed at 48 h, remained significantly decreased. Our present biochemical study permits the classification of these selected brain regions into three categories. First there are those that are outside the area of @entity1188 : the frontal, cingulate, and occipital cortices. These regions show little temporal evolution of brain energy metabolism but, notwithstanding, they are regions in which @entity413 use would appear to be greatly @entity308 . Second is a region considered to be the focus of @entity1188 : the striatum. The caudate-putamen is a region with early and profound @entity209 with no final restitution. Last is the region of metabolic penumbra--the parietal cortex, in which there is a time-related exacerbation of the consequences of middle @entity2500 in the @entity35 .

title: Temporal evolution of regional energy metabolism following focal @entity2806 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The 5-year survival rate for @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who undergo complete surgical resection is only 40-69%, depending on the stage. It is well known that distant metastatic disease is the dominant site of recurrence in such @entity1 and this observation served as the basis for trials of postoperative systemic therapy. The earliest trials of adjuvant chemotherapy, which consisted of single alkylating agents, did not achieve this goal or, even worse, showed a detrimental effect on survival. The introduction of more active drugs, such as @entity900 and vinca alkaloids, made it possible to obtain more promising results in terms of delayed recurrence of the disease. A recent meta-analysis of all randomized trials with accrual from January 1965 to December 1991 showed that the absolute risk of @entity204 was reduced by 3% at 2 years and by 5% at 5 years for @entity1 who were treated with postoperative @entity900 -containing regimens compared with @entity1 who were treated with surgery alone. Although the results of this meta-analysis suggest that postoperative @entity900 chemotherapy regimens may result in a slight survival improvement, adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1149 cannot be considered a standard therapy, and it is important that large, carefully conducted, randomized trials are performed in this group of @entity1 . Four such randomized trials are being conducted in Europe. One of them, the @entity6307 trial, recently completed its accrual with 1200 @entity1 . The IALT, ANITA, and MRC trials are still ongoing. The results of such trials are eagerly awaited and it is hoped that, once the value of postoperative chemotherapy is well ascertained, future developments can further improve results of combined treatment. In such direction, the recently reported results of PORT meta-analysis evaluating the role of radiation therapy are of great contribution in selecting a suitable population for future studies. In fact, only @entity1 with pN2 disease seem to have a beneficial effect in terms of survival, especially if they have a good performance status, while radiotherapy is not justified in N0-1 @entity1 . The optimal integration of chemotherapy and radiation therapy when both therapies are indicated represents another goal for future research.

title: Consensus conference on medical treatment of XXXX : adjuvant treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The clinical relevance of a new antimitochondrial antibody, anti-M9, reacting with an outer membrane-associated antigen on liver mitochondria is described. Sera from 22 anti-M2-negative @entity1 with histologically proven @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) who had been followed for 5-15 years were tested for anti-M9 in the ELISA using a purified M9-fraction. 18 (82%) were anti-M9-positive, and 17 of them (94%) were in stage I/II. None of the 17 anti-M9-positive/anti-M2-negative @entity1 with early @entity2835 progressed to stage III/IV during the observation period of 5-15 years, and in all instances anti-M9 remained of the IgM-type. In one anti-M9-positive patient anti-M2 of the IgM type appeared 2 years after the first demonstration of anti-M9. Among 156 patients with anti-M2-positive @entity2835 , 58 (37%) had anti-M9, and 39 of them (67%) were in stage I/II. 19 of these 39 stage I/II @entity1 (49%) had anti-M9 exclusively of the IgM-type in contrast to none of the 19 stage III/IV @entity1 . Using the purified M9-fraction in ELISA and Western blotting, anti-M9 antibodies were confined only to @entity1 with @entity2835 or overlap syndromes between @entity2835 and @entity3619 (10% of 133 @entity1 ) and were not found in @entity1 with other hepatic and @entity99 . We conclude that the determination of anti-M9 may be helpful for the diagnosis of early and asymptomatic @entity2835 . From follow-up studies of anti-M9-positive but anti-M2-negative @entity1 it emerges that this antibody type may be associated with a benign course of @entity2835 .

title: The antimitochondrial antibody anti-M9. A marker for the diagnosis of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['non-hepatic disorders']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']