abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), so-called @entity1358 , not otherwise specified (CCC (NOS)), of the salivary glands is a rare and low-grade @entity5 . We report a case of @entity1358 so-called CCC (NOS) (referred to as @entity1358 ) of the minor salivary gland of the buccal mucosa. A 52-year-old @entity1 had presented with a gradually growing and indolent mass in the right buccal mucosa for about two years. The first biopsy histopathologically suggested the possibility of @entity5 derived from the minor salivary glands. A month later, she visited our hospital. The @entity5 measured approximately 1.5   cm in diameter and was elastic hard, smooth, and well movable. Image examinations demonstrated internal homogeneity of the lesion, which had a smooth margin, in the right buccal mucosa. Complete @entity5 resection followed by covering with a @entity6886 sheet and fibrin glue spray was performed without surgical flap reconstruction. Histopathological findings revealed proliferating @entity5 cells with clear cytoplasm surrounded by hyalinizing stroma in the submucosal minor salivary glands. Immunohistochemical stains revealed these @entity5 cells to be positive for epithelial cell markers but negative for myoepithelial ones. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1358 . Good wound healing and no evidence of local recurrence and @entity3 have been shown since surgery.

title: A Case of XXXX , So-Called Clear Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified, of the Minor Salivary Glands of the Buccal Mucosa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma', 'clear cell carcinoma', 'HCCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: The symbiotic association of var. (formerly named ) with @entity5369 () leads to the production of @entity18960 (EV) and lolitrem B (LB) that are toxic for livestock. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of feeding endophyte-infected ryegrass (SE+) hay on 16 lactating ewes (BW 80    10 kg) in comparison with endophyte-free ryegrass (SE-) hay to investigate the putative mechanisms of action of EV and LB and to evaluate their persistence in milk and animal tissues. The mean EV and LB concentrations in SE+ hay were 851 and 884  g/kg DM, respectively, whereas these alkaloids were below the limit of detection in SE- hay. No effect of SE+ was observed on animal health and skin temperature whereas prolactin decreased and significant differences between hays were observed from d 7 to 28 of the study ( < 0.03) but had no effect on milk production. Hematocrit and biochemical analyses of plasma revealed no significant difference between SE+ and SE-, whereas @entity701 concentration differed significantly on d 28 ( = 0.001). Measurement of oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma, liver, and kidneys revealed a slight increase in some enzyme activities involved in defense against oxidative damage in the SE+ fed ewes. Slight variations in the activities of hepatic and kidney @entity1785 monooxygenase enzymes were observed, whereas in the kidney, @entity2041 -transferase activity decreased significantly ( = 0.002) in the SE+ fed ewes, whereas @entity858 glucuronosyltransferase activity increased ( = 0.001). After 28 d of exposure of ewes to the SE+ hay, low EV and LB concentrations were measured in tissues. The highest concentration of EV was observed in the liver (0.68  g/kg) whereas fat contained the highest concentration of LB (2.39  g/kg). Both toxins were also identified at the trace level in milk.

title: Toxicity of endophyte-infected ryegrass hay containing high XXXX level in lactating ewes.

entities_list: @entity858 :: ('MESH:D014530', 'Chemical') :: ['uridine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity18960 :: ('MESH:C076760', 'Chemical') :: ['ergovaline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass']

answer: @entity18960 :: (MESH:C076760,Chemical) :: ['ergovaline']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that protein kinase stimulators can induce the release of the metaphase II arrest in @entity19 ova. The present report is about the role of protein kinase in parthenogenic activation of @entity1707 oocytes, which was studied using a broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor. Metaphase II oocytes were obtained via in vitro maturation. Two sources of H7 [ @entity667 , @entity5828 ] were tested--Sigma (H7s) and Calbiochem (H7c). Both were found to be equally effective in promoting release of the metaphase II block. Activation, release of the metaphase II arrest, and progression to the first interphase could be induced at the highest percentage with an exposure to 2.0 mM H7s for 80 min (68.1%). In another experiment, H7c resulted in 69.5% activation, while @entity71678 [ @entity71678 , @entity5828 ] at a similar concentration and exposure duration resulted in 25.7% activation. H7s and H7c were more effective than @entity71678 in inducing the appearance of a 22-kDa protein that is associated with normal fertilization in the @entity1707 . In contrast, although pronuclei could form and the protein profiles were indicative of activation, cortical granule exocytosis did not occur, and oocytes failed to develop to the blastocyst stage after H7 treatment. In contrast to the H7-treated oocytes, electrostimulation resulted in pronuclear formation, the appearance of the 22-kDa protein, release of cortical granules, and development to the blastocyst stage. These data demonstrate that broad-spectrum inhibitors of protein kinase are unable to induce all the events associated with normal fertilization.

title: Parthenogenic activation of XXXX oocytes by protein kinase inhibition.

entities_list: @entity667 :: ('MESH:D019307', 'Chemical') :: ['1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine']

entities_list: @entity71678 :: ('MESH:C080501', 'Chemical') :: ['iso-H7', '1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective. Transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE) is a therapeutic option for endoscopically unmanageable upper @entity360 . We aimed to assess the efficacy and clinical outcomes of TAE for acute @entity360 and to identify predictors of recurrent @entity548 within 30 days. Materials and methods. Visceral angiography was performed in 66 @entity1 (42 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 ; mean age, 60.3    12.7 years) who experienced acute @entity360 that failed to be controlled by endoscopy during a 7-year period. Clinical information was reviewed retrospectively. Outcomes included technical success rates, complications, and 30-day rebleeding and mortality rates. Results. TAE was feasible in 59 @entity1 . The technical success rate was 98%. Rebleeding within 30 days was observed in 47% after an initial TAE and was managed with re-embolization in 8, by endoscopic intervention in 5, by surgery in 2, and by conservative care in 12 @entity1 . The 30-day overall mortality rate was 42.4%. In the case of initial @entity177 (n = 34), 31 @entity1 underwent angiographic embolization, which was successful in 30 @entity1 (96.8%). Rebleeding occurred in 15 @entity1 (50%), mainly because of @entity5 . Two factors were independent predictors of rebleeding within 30 days by multivariate analysis: @entity1003 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-15.29; p = 0.021) and embolization in >= 2 territories (OR = 4.93; 95% CI: 1.43-17.04; p = 0.012). Catheterization-related complications included @entity99 . Conclusion. TAE controlled acute @entity360 effectively. TAE may be considered when endoscopic therapy is unavailable or unsuccessful. Correction of @entity1003 before TAE is recommended.

title: Transcatheter XXXX for endoscopically unmanageable non-variceal upper @entity360 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic hemostasis failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery dissection and splenic embolization']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['non-variceal upper GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective. Transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE) is a therapeutic option for endoscopically unmanageable upper @entity360 . We aimed to assess the efficacy and clinical outcomes of TAE for acute @entity360 and to identify predictors of recurrent @entity548 within 30 days. Materials and methods. Visceral angiography was performed in 66 @entity1 (42 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 ; mean age, 60.3    12.7 years) who experienced acute @entity360 that failed to be controlled by endoscopy during a 7-year period. Clinical information was reviewed retrospectively. Outcomes included technical success rates, complications, and 30-day rebleeding and mortality rates. Results. TAE was feasible in 59 @entity1 . The technical success rate was 98%. Rebleeding within 30 days was observed in 47% after an initial TAE and was managed with re-embolization in 8, by endoscopic intervention in 5, by surgery in 2, and by conservative care in 12 @entity1 . The 30-day overall mortality rate was 42.4%. In the case of initial @entity177 (n = 34), 31 @entity1 underwent angiographic embolization, which was successful in 30 @entity1 (96.8%). Rebleeding occurred in 15 @entity1 (50%), mainly because of @entity5 . Two factors were independent predictors of rebleeding within 30 days by multivariate analysis: @entity1003 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-15.29; p = 0.021) and embolization in >= 2 territories (OR = 4.93; 95% CI: 1.43-17.04; p = 0.012). Catheterization-related complications included @entity99 . Conclusion. TAE controlled acute @entity360 effectively. TAE may be considered when endoscopic therapy is unavailable or unsuccessful. Correction of @entity1003 before TAE is recommended.

title: Transcatheter @entity1416 for endoscopically unmanageable non-variceal upper XXXX .

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Several previous studies comparing artificial disc replacement (ADR) and fusion have been conducted with cautiously positive results in favor of ADR. This study is not, in contrast to most previous studies, an investigational device exemption study required by the Food and Drug Administration for approval to market the product in the United States. This study was partially funded with unrestricted institutional research grants by the company marketing the artificial disc used in this study. PURPOSE: To compare outcomes between the concepts of an artificial disc to treatment with anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) and to register complications associated to the two treatments during a follow-up time of 2 years. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a randomized controlled multicenter trial, including three spine centers in Sweden. @entity1 SAMPLE: The study included @entity1 seeking care for cervical @entity614 who fulfilled inclusion criteria. In total, 153 @entity1 were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-assessment with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) as a primary outcome variable and EQ-5D and visual analog scale as secondary outcome variables. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to either treatment with the Depuy Discover artificial disc or fusion with iliac crest bone graft and plating. Randomization was blinded to both @entity1 and caregivers until time for implantation. Adverse events, complications, and revision surgery were registered as well as loss of follow-up. RESULTS: Data were available in 137 (91%) of the included and initially treated @entity1 . Both groups improved significantly after surgery. @entity717 changed from 63.1 to 39.8 in an intention-to-treat analysis. No statistically significant difference between the ADR and the ACDF groups could be demonstrated with @entity717 values of 39.1 and 40.1, respectively. Nor in secondary outcome measures (EQ-5D and visual analog scale) could any statistically significant differences be demonstrated between the groups. Nine @entity1 in the ADR group and three in the fusion group underwent secondary surgery because of various reasons. Two @entity1 in each group underwent secondary surgery because of adjacent segment pathology. Complication rates were not statistically significant between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial disc replacement did not result in better outcome compared to fusion measured with @entity717 2 years after surgery.

title: The Discover artificial disc replacement versus fusion in cervical XXXX -a randomized controlled outcome trial with 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['radiculopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim. To correlate findings of conventional cystoscopy with CT virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) in detecting @entity150 and to evaluate accuracy of virtual cystoscopy in early detection of @entity150 . Material and Method. From June 2013 to June 2014, 50 @entity1 (46 males, four females) with history and investigations suggestive of @entity5 , with mean age 62.76    10.45 years, underwent CTVC by a radiologist as per protocol and subsequently underwent conventional cystoscopy (CPE) the same day or the next day. One urologist and one radiologist, blinded to the findings of conventional cystoscopy, independently interpreted the images, and any discrepant readings were resolved with consensus. Result. CTVC detected 23 out of 25 @entity1 with @entity150 (s) correctly. Two @entity1 were falsely detected as negative while two were falsely labeled as positive in CTVC. Virtual and conventional cystoscopy were comparable in detection of @entity5 growth in @entity1494 . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of virtual cystoscopy were 92% each. Conclusion. CTVC correlates closely with the findings of conventional cystoscopy. Bladder should be adequately distended and devoid of urine at the time of procedure. However, more studies are required to define the role of virtual cystoscopy in routine clinical practice.

title: Can CT Virtual Cystoscopy Replace Conventional Cystoscopy in Early Detection of Bladder XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumatic compression of the lower part of the body increases systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular afterload. AIM: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) with pneumatic compression of the lower extremities, versus standard DSE, for detection of angiographically significant @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity1 with normal baseline resting wall motion. METHODS: We enrolled 70 consecutive @entity1 with no resting @entity854 ( @entity854 ) who underwent DSE. DSE was repeated with pneumatic compression of the lower extremities 3 days after the initial standard DSE. Positive test was defined as the induction of @entity854 in at least 2 contiguous non-overlap segments at any stage of @entity452 infusion. Significant @entity3979 was defined as >= 50% obstruction of >= 1 sizable artery by coronary angiography. : RESULTS: The mean age of the study cohort was 54.7    9.9 years; 55.7% were females. Thirty-eight @entity1 (54.3%) had significant @entity453 . The mean test duration was 15.8    5.1 minutes for standard DSE and 11.7    4.1 minutes for DSE with pneumatic compression. Analysis of standard DSE revealed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 81.6%, 90.6%, 91.2%, 80.6%; overall accuracy was 85.7%. Analysis of DSE with pneumatic compression revealed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 89.5%, 87.5%, 89.5%, 87.5%; overall accuracy was 88.6%. CONCLUSIONS: In symptomatic @entity1 with suspected @entity453 referred for evaluation by DSE who have no resting @entity854 , pneumatic compression of the lower extremities during DSE improved the sensitivity but slightly reduced the specificity for detection of angiographically significant @entity453 compared with standard DSE. Moreover, it reduced the test duration.

title: Lower limb pneumatic compression during XXXX stress echocardiography in @entity1 with normal resting wall motion: will it increase the diagnostic accuracy?

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities', 'WMA']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumatic compression of the lower part of the body increases systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular afterload. AIM: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) with pneumatic compression of the lower extremities, versus standard DSE, for detection of angiographically significant @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity1 with normal baseline resting wall motion. METHODS: We enrolled 70 consecutive @entity1 with no resting @entity854 ( @entity854 ) who underwent DSE. DSE was repeated with pneumatic compression of the lower extremities 3 days after the initial standard DSE. Positive test was defined as the induction of @entity854 in at least 2 contiguous non-overlap segments at any stage of @entity452 infusion. Significant @entity3979 was defined as >= 50% obstruction of >= 1 sizable artery by coronary angiography. : RESULTS: The mean age of the study cohort was 54.7    9.9 years; 55.7% were females. Thirty-eight @entity1 (54.3%) had significant @entity453 . The mean test duration was 15.8    5.1 minutes for standard DSE and 11.7    4.1 minutes for DSE with pneumatic compression. Analysis of standard DSE revealed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 81.6%, 90.6%, 91.2%, 80.6%; overall accuracy was 85.7%. Analysis of DSE with pneumatic compression revealed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 89.5%, 87.5%, 89.5%, 87.5%; overall accuracy was 88.6%. CONCLUSIONS: In symptomatic @entity1 with suspected @entity453 referred for evaluation by DSE who have no resting @entity854 , pneumatic compression of the lower extremities during DSE improved the sensitivity but slightly reduced the specificity for detection of angiographically significant @entity453 compared with standard DSE. Moreover, it reduced the test duration.

title: Lower limb pneumatic compression during @entity452 stress echocardiography in XXXX with normal resting wall motion: will it increase the diagnostic accuracy?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), intravenous @entity68 , and blood transfusion are used to treat @entity417 in both @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and @entity5 . However, @entity417 treatment patterns have not been described among @entity454 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis with concurrent @entity5 , especially in the recent era of ESA-related safety concerns. METHODS: We analyzed Medicare data from a cohort of hemodialysis @entity1 diagnosed with incident @entity5 . We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate trends and patterns in ESA use, @entity68 use, transfusion use, @entity1307 alfa ( @entity1307 ) dose, @entity68 dose, and resulting hemoglobin levels (2000-2011). RESULTS: Of 43,760 eligible @entity1 , quarterly ESA use declined slightly from a peak of 94.1 to 90.0%. Quarterly @entity1307 dose increased from 2000 to 2004, then declined; quarterly hemoglobin levels followed a similar pattern. @entity68 use increased rapidly from 46.9 to 79.3%. @entity68 dose increased until 2010 and then declined. There was an increase in the quarterly transfusion use (6.3-11.7%) and in the mean number of transfusion days per year (1.4-1.8). @entity417 treatment patterns varied by demographic/clinical subgroups, especially among @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, who required higher ESA use, @entity1307 dose, and frequency of transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite safety concerns about ESAs in both the @entity454 and @entity5 populations, the proportion of hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity5 who used ESAs between 2000 and 2011 remained extremely high. @entity1307 dose and hemoglobin levels increased and then decreased. @entity68 use, @entity68 dose, and transfusions increased substantially. Future research examining the risk-benefit profile of different @entity417 management strategies in the dialysis population with @entity5 is needed.

title: Trends in XXXX Management in Hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), intravenous @entity68 , and blood transfusion are used to treat @entity417 in both @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and @entity5 . However, @entity417 treatment patterns have not been described among @entity454 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis with concurrent @entity5 , especially in the recent era of ESA-related safety concerns. METHODS: We analyzed Medicare data from a cohort of hemodialysis @entity1 diagnosed with incident @entity5 . We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate trends and patterns in ESA use, @entity68 use, transfusion use, @entity1307 alfa ( @entity1307 ) dose, @entity68 dose, and resulting hemoglobin levels (2000-2011). RESULTS: Of 43,760 eligible @entity1 , quarterly ESA use declined slightly from a peak of 94.1 to 90.0%. Quarterly @entity1307 dose increased from 2000 to 2004, then declined; quarterly hemoglobin levels followed a similar pattern. @entity68 use increased rapidly from 46.9 to 79.3%. @entity68 dose increased until 2010 and then declined. There was an increase in the quarterly transfusion use (6.3-11.7%) and in the mean number of transfusion days per year (1.4-1.8). @entity417 treatment patterns varied by demographic/clinical subgroups, especially among @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, who required higher ESA use, @entity1307 dose, and frequency of transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite safety concerns about ESAs in both the @entity454 and @entity5 populations, the proportion of hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity5 who used ESAs between 2000 and 2011 remained extremely high. @entity1307 dose and hemoglobin levels increased and then decreased. @entity68 use, @entity68 dose, and transfusions increased substantially. Future research examining the risk-benefit profile of different @entity417 management strategies in the dialysis population with @entity5 is needed.

title: Trends in @entity417 Management in Hemodialysis @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), intravenous @entity68 , and blood transfusion are used to treat @entity417 in both @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and @entity5 . However, @entity417 treatment patterns have not been described among @entity454 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis with concurrent @entity5 , especially in the recent era of ESA-related safety concerns. METHODS: We analyzed Medicare data from a cohort of hemodialysis @entity1 diagnosed with incident @entity5 . We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate trends and patterns in ESA use, @entity68 use, transfusion use, @entity1307 alfa ( @entity1307 ) dose, @entity68 dose, and resulting hemoglobin levels (2000-2011). RESULTS: Of 43,760 eligible @entity1 , quarterly ESA use declined slightly from a peak of 94.1 to 90.0%. Quarterly @entity1307 dose increased from 2000 to 2004, then declined; quarterly hemoglobin levels followed a similar pattern. @entity68 use increased rapidly from 46.9 to 79.3%. @entity68 dose increased until 2010 and then declined. There was an increase in the quarterly transfusion use (6.3-11.7%) and in the mean number of transfusion days per year (1.4-1.8). @entity417 treatment patterns varied by demographic/clinical subgroups, especially among @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, who required higher ESA use, @entity1307 dose, and frequency of transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite safety concerns about ESAs in both the @entity454 and @entity5 populations, the proportion of hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity5 who used ESAs between 2000 and 2011 remained extremely high. @entity1307 dose and hemoglobin levels increased and then decreased. @entity68 use, @entity68 dose, and transfusions increased substantially. Future research examining the risk-benefit profile of different @entity417 management strategies in the dialysis population with @entity5 is needed.

title: Trends in @entity417 Management in Hemodialysis XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Male @entity22037 were sampled from two locations in Lake Mead (USA), a site influenced by treated municipal wastewater effluent and urban runoff (Las Vegas Bay), and a reference site (Overton Arm). Samples were collected in summer (July '07) and spring (March '08) to assess general health, endocrine and reproductive biomarkers, and compare contaminant body burdens by analyzing 252 organic chemicals. Sperm count and motility were measured in spring. Contaminants were detected at much higher frequencies and concentrations in fish from Las Vegas Bay than Overton Arm. Those with the highest concentrations included @entity3215 , DDTs, @entity13727 , @entity31680 , and @entity71679 . Fish from Las Vegas Bay also had higher Fulton condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and hematocrit, and lower plasma @entity5444 concentration (KT). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and sperm motility did not differ between sites, but sperm count was lower by nearly 50% in fish from Las Vegas Bay. A positive association between KT and GSI was identified, but this association was nonlinear. On average, maximal GSI was reached at sub-maximal KT concentrations. In conclusion, the higher concentration of contaminant body burdens coupled with reduced levels of KT and sperm count in fish from Las Vegas Bay suggest that @entity10552 was influenced by contaminant exposures. Also, the nonlinear KT-GSI association provided a framework to understand why GSI was similar between male bass from both sites despite their large difference in KT, and also suggested the existence of post-gonadal growth functions of KT at high concentrations.

title: Are endocrine and reproductive biomarkers altered in contaminant-exposed wild male XXXX ( @entity22037 ) of Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona, USA?

entities_list: @entity31680 :: ('MESH:C033119', 'Chemical') :: ['galaxolide']

entities_list: @entity5444 :: ('MESH:C003600', 'Chemical') :: ['11-ketotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity22037 :: ('27706', 'Species') :: ['Largemouth Bass']

entities_list: @entity71679 :: ('MESH:C502486', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl triclosan']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male reproductive condition']

answer: @entity22037 :: (27706,Species) :: ['Largemouth Bass']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Male @entity22037 were sampled from two locations in Lake Mead (USA), a site influenced by treated municipal wastewater effluent and urban runoff (Las Vegas Bay), and a reference site (Overton Arm). Samples were collected in summer (July '07) and spring (March '08) to assess general health, endocrine and reproductive biomarkers, and compare contaminant body burdens by analyzing 252 organic chemicals. Sperm count and motility were measured in spring. Contaminants were detected at much higher frequencies and concentrations in fish from Las Vegas Bay than Overton Arm. Those with the highest concentrations included @entity3215 , DDTs, @entity13727 , @entity31680 , and @entity71679 . Fish from Las Vegas Bay also had higher Fulton condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and hematocrit, and lower plasma @entity5444 concentration (KT). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and sperm motility did not differ between sites, but sperm count was lower by nearly 50% in fish from Las Vegas Bay. A positive association between KT and GSI was identified, but this association was nonlinear. On average, maximal GSI was reached at sub-maximal KT concentrations. In conclusion, the higher concentration of contaminant body burdens coupled with reduced levels of KT and sperm count in fish from Las Vegas Bay suggest that @entity10552 was influenced by contaminant exposures. Also, the nonlinear KT-GSI association provided a framework to understand why GSI was similar between male bass from both sites despite their large difference in KT, and also suggested the existence of post-gonadal growth functions of KT at high concentrations.

title: Are endocrine and reproductive biomarkers altered in contaminant-exposed wild male @entity22037 ( XXXX ) of Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona, USA?

answer: @entity22037 :: (27706,Species) :: ['Micropterus salmoides']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) has been shown to change with body position. Several studies have shown that the lateral decubitus position (LDP) is associated with a significant increase in @entity2790 in the dependent eye. However, whether anesthetic agents alter @entity2790 in the LDP remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of @entity2614 and @entity1875 anesthesia on @entity2790 in the LDP. A total of 28 @entity1 undergoing surgery in the LDP were included. @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity2614 or @entity1875 groups. @entity2790 in both eyes was recorded and compared between groups at five time points: after anesthesia induction, after endotracheal intubation, at 5  min and 1  h after a positional change to the LDP, and 5  min after returning to the supine position. In the @entity2614 group, @entity2790 was significantly increased in both dependent and non-dependent eyes 1  h after changing to the LDP. In the @entity1875 group, @entity2790 decreased in both dependent and non-dependent eyes after tracheal intubation, but did not increase after changing to the LDP. The number of @entity1 in whom @entity2790 increased to >= 28  mmHg was greater in the @entity2614 group than in the @entity1875 group. @entity1875 may be better than @entity2614 for the maintenance of anesthesia in the LDP. Monitoring of @entity2790 in the LDP might help avoid ophthalmic complications.

title: Changes in intraocular pressure during surgery in the lateral decubitus position under XXXX and @entity1875 anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Intraocular pressure', 'IOP']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) has been shown to change with body position. Several studies have shown that the lateral decubitus position (LDP) is associated with a significant increase in @entity2790 in the dependent eye. However, whether anesthetic agents alter @entity2790 in the LDP remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of @entity2614 and @entity1875 anesthesia on @entity2790 in the LDP. A total of 28 @entity1 undergoing surgery in the LDP were included. @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity2614 or @entity1875 groups. @entity2790 in both eyes was recorded and compared between groups at five time points: after anesthesia induction, after endotracheal intubation, at 5  min and 1  h after a positional change to the LDP, and 5  min after returning to the supine position. In the @entity2614 group, @entity2790 was significantly increased in both dependent and non-dependent eyes 1  h after changing to the LDP. In the @entity1875 group, @entity2790 decreased in both dependent and non-dependent eyes after tracheal intubation, but did not increase after changing to the LDP. The number of @entity1 in whom @entity2790 increased to >= 28  mmHg was greater in the @entity2614 group than in the @entity1875 group. @entity1875 may be better than @entity2614 for the maintenance of anesthesia in the LDP. Monitoring of @entity2790 in the LDP might help avoid ophthalmic complications.

title: Changes in intraocular pressure during surgery in the lateral decubitus position under @entity2614 and XXXX anesthesia.

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: 1. Although alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists have been shown to induce @entity2332 in animals, it is unclear whether the primary mechanism is increased heat loss or decreased heat production. Furthermore, studies have not been performed in @entity1 to determine the role of alpha-adrenoceptors in the maintenance of core temperature. 2. alpha-Adrenoceptor blockade was achieved with three doses of @entity5521 given by random assignment on three different study days in five male and five female healthy subjects. Core temperature, mean skin-surface temperature, fingertip capillary blood flow and metabolic heat production were measured. Dose-response curves were plotted for all measured variables, and males and females were compared to identify potential gender differences. 3. Core temperature decreased with all doses of @entity5521 . At the completion of the @entity5521 infusion, the decrease in core temperature was more significant with high-dose (0.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C, P = 0.03) and with medium-dose (0.2 +/- 0.0 degrees C, P = 0.05) @entity5521 than with low-dose @entity5521 (0.1 +/- 0.0 degrees C). The maximum core temperature decrease during the study was more significant with high dose (0.6 +/- 1 degrees C) than with medium (0.3 +/- 1 degrees C, P = 0.04) or low (0.3 +/- 1 degrees C, P = 0.005) doses. Mean skin-surface temperature was increased with all doses. Fingertip blood flow was increased (approximately 60% above baseline) with the medium and high doses, but was unchanged with the low dose. Total body @entity26 consumption was unchanged regardless of dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Role of alpha-adrenoceptors in the maintenance of core temperature in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['core hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: 1. We have examined the effect of hypoalbuminaemia, a hallmark of @entity1985 , on the albumin- @entity844 equilibrium in the plasma of 11 adult @entity1 with @entity3450 compared with 12 healthy subjects and six subjects with normoalbuminaemic hyperlipoproteinaemia. 2. We used a dialysis exchange rate method which allows the evaluation in relative terms of the binding affinity of albumin for plasma @entity844 and the @entity844 availability, tentatively equated with the unbound @entity844 fraction. 3. In @entity1985 @entity1 , an increase (P < 0.001) in albumin affinity for @entity844 was seen compared with healthy subjects, which was negatively correlated with albuminaemia (r = -0.69, P < 0.02). No change in @entity844 availability was seen for the group as a whole, but individual values showed a wide scatter, with the highest values in four @entity1 with the highest @entity844 -albumin molar ratios. The increase in albumin affinity for @entity844 was specific to @entity1985 since no such effect was seen in subjects with hyperlipoproteinaemia, who only showed a moderate increase (P < 0.01) in @entity844 availability. 4. The increased albumin affinity for @entity844 in @entity1985 supports the hypothesis that an albumin component with lower affinity for @entity844 might filter out through the diseased glomerular membrane and leave the high-affinity albumin in plasma.

title: High-affinity interaction of long-chain fatty acids with serum albumin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION. @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is a disorder of a biological origin affecting the neurodevelopment of the brain. It is estimated that 3-7% of school-age @entity1 present @entity71 . The most commonly used pharmacological treatments are amphetamines and methylphenidate (MPH). Although response rates to MPH are high, full remission rates reach only 56%. The 25% of @entity1 who do not respond to MPH would show a response to other stimulants and vice-versa. AIMS. To clinically evaluate @entity1 by detecting inadequate responses and the efficacy of a change to lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX). @entity1 AND METHODS. The study was prospective and observation-based. Inadequate responses were considered to be those that presented non-coverage or no effect. The @entity71 Rating Scale IV ( @entity71 -RS-IV) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) assessment scales were used for the clinical assessment, together with the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) and the @entity1 Health and Illness Profile (CHIP-AE). Data regarding adverse side effects were also collected. RESULTS. Forty-one @entity1 met criteria for inadequate response to treatment: 13.6    3.4 years, 54.6    13.2 kg, 158.5    17.2 cm and body mass index of 20.9    3.5 kg/m2. Reasons for change (non-exclusive): non-coverage (76%), lack of intensity of effect (68%) and presence of adverse side effects with the previous medication (16%). The mean score both at baseline and at nine months, on the @entity71 -RS, was 24.54    6.3 versus 12.01    3.2 (p < 0.01), respectively, and for the CGI-S values were 5.09    0.5 versus 2.91    0.8 (p < 0.01), respectively. The safety profile coincided with that of other stimulant-based treatments for @entity71 . CONCLUSIONS. When the response to MPH presents non-coverage or lack of effect, changing to LDX has proved to be effective, with an improvement in 86.7% of cases, which is similar to that of other studies. It is therefore a good therapeutic option in these @entity1 .

title: [Change in the therapeutic strategy when faced with an inadequate response to the pharmacological treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder', 'Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The presence of Melan-A positive dermal cells in excisions for @entity320 in situ represents a frequent conundrum for pathologists. These cells may represent superficially invasive @entity320 , benign, incidental, dermal nevi or non-specific staining of dermal melanophages. Occasionally, rare, Melan-A positive dermal cells are present which do not clearly correspond to the above three categories. Our objective was to further characterize these Melan-A positive dermal cells. To do this, immunoperoxidase staining for Melan-A and @entity6489 was performed on 188-cutaneous excisions, including examples of @entity320 in situ, atypical @entity1373 and @entity5 . These were evaluated for the presence of Melan-A and @entity6489 positive dermal cells. Dermal cells, positive for both markers, were identified in 17% of the excisions. The cells were present in 10% of cases from the melanocytic group and 31% of the cases from the non-melanocytic group. These cells did not exhibit cytologic atypia and resembled neither the co-existing @entity5 nor melanophages. We conclude that positivity of these rare Melan-A positive cells for @entity6489 argues that they represent true melanocytes and not non-specific staining. The absence of cytologic atypia in these cells and their presence in excisions of @entity5 argues that they are benign, reactive, dermal melanocytes.

title: Melan-A positive dermal cells in XXXX in situ.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanocytic tumors', 'non-melanocytic neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['junctional melanocytic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the electric activity of the @entity12108 ( @entity12108 ), or electrovasogram (EVG), in 14 mongrel @entity235 . METHODS: The @entity12108 was exposed in the spermatic cord and three electrodes were applied to it. Synchronous transcutaneous EVG was also recorded by another three electrodes. The electric activity and intravasal pressure (IVP) were determined at rest, during ejaculation, and after vasal myotomy. RESULTS: Slow waves or pacesetter potentials (PPs) were recorded regularly from all electrodes applied to the @entity12108 whether directly or transcutaneously. They had identical frequency and regular rhythm from all the electrodes and were consistent in the individual @entity235 on all test days. @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) followed PPs randomly and were associated with an IVP increase, indicating a state of contractile activity. Just before ejaculation, the PPs and @entity2045 increased significantly (P < 0.05) and were associated with IVP rise (P < 0.01). During ejaculation, there was rhythmic increase of the PPs, @entity2045 , and IVP (P < 0.01 for frequency and amplitude, P < 0.05 for velocity of PPs and P < 0.001 for IVP) followed by a silent period and return to the resting activity (P > 0.05). After vasal myotomy, PPs and @entity2045 were recorded proximal but not distal to the cut. This suggests that the PPs and @entity2045 spread caudally from the proximal part of the @entity12108 that is believed to be the site of a pacemaker that triggers the PPs. The PPs seem to pace the vasal contractile activity in terms of direction and frequency. CONCLUSIONS: A normal EVG pattern was characterized for the @entity12108 , which may be deranged in the various vasal pathologic conditions. EVG may thus be proposed to be included as an investigative tool in the diagnosis of @entity74 .

title: Electrovasogram: a @entity235 study of the electromechanical activity of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['Action potentials', 'APs']

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['vas deferens', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vasal disorders']

answer: @entity12108 :: (MESH:C535984,Disease) :: ['vas deferens']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the electric activity of the @entity12108 ( @entity12108 ), or electrovasogram (EVG), in 14 mongrel @entity235 . METHODS: The @entity12108 was exposed in the spermatic cord and three electrodes were applied to it. Synchronous transcutaneous EVG was also recorded by another three electrodes. The electric activity and intravasal pressure (IVP) were determined at rest, during ejaculation, and after vasal myotomy. RESULTS: Slow waves or pacesetter potentials (PPs) were recorded regularly from all electrodes applied to the @entity12108 whether directly or transcutaneously. They had identical frequency and regular rhythm from all the electrodes and were consistent in the individual @entity235 on all test days. @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) followed PPs randomly and were associated with an IVP increase, indicating a state of contractile activity. Just before ejaculation, the PPs and @entity2045 increased significantly (P < 0.05) and were associated with IVP rise (P < 0.01). During ejaculation, there was rhythmic increase of the PPs, @entity2045 , and IVP (P < 0.01 for frequency and amplitude, P < 0.05 for velocity of PPs and P < 0.001 for IVP) followed by a silent period and return to the resting activity (P > 0.05). After vasal myotomy, PPs and @entity2045 were recorded proximal but not distal to the cut. This suggests that the PPs and @entity2045 spread caudally from the proximal part of the @entity12108 that is believed to be the site of a pacemaker that triggers the PPs. The PPs seem to pace the vasal contractile activity in terms of direction and frequency. CONCLUSIONS: A normal EVG pattern was characterized for the @entity12108 , which may be deranged in the various vasal pathologic conditions. EVG may thus be proposed to be included as an investigative tool in the diagnosis of @entity74 .

title: Electrovasogram: a XXXX study of the electromechanical activity of the @entity12108 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity5305 is among the most promising of the new anti- @entity302 drugs, but two unrelated complications have been noted in @entity1 receiving @entity5305 for chronic @entity302 . These are, transient behavioural @entity2526 of @entity1 continuing to take @entity5305 (decreasing retention rate) during long-term treatment. Psychotic reactions have been carefully documented both in @entity1 receiving standard and new anti- @entity302 drugs, and in up to 6% of @entity1 after @entity302 surgery. As many @entity716 are associated with a dramatic cessation of @entity410 (i.e. high efficacy of treatment), it is not surprising that behavioural abnormalities are more often seen in @entity1 receiving higher, more effective doses of @entity5305 , particularly those taking more than 3 g/day. A gradual dose increase and slow withdrawal is recommended for possible prevention of behavioural abnormalities, at least in some @entity1 . During treatment with standard anti- @entity302 drugs, approximately 50% of @entity1 remain on randomized treatment with the same drug for several years. For @entity2051 , a new drug, the figure is 60%, and for @entity5305 it is about 50%. Although comparative trials are not available, the retention rate for @entity5305 does not appear to be strikingly different to that reported for conventional anti- @entity302 drugs. In summary, behavioural abnormalities and falling retention rates appear to be general features of @entity302 , and are certainly not exclusively associated with the use of @entity5305 . Controlled trials are required to establish the specific contribution, if any, of @entity5305 in development of these complications of @entity302 .

title: Behavioural abnormalities and retention rates of anti- @entity302 drugs during long-term treatment of XXXX : a clinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin', 'Vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and falling numbers']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['chronic epilepsy', 'refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episodes']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity5305 is among the most promising of the new anti- @entity302 drugs, but two unrelated complications have been noted in @entity1 receiving @entity5305 for chronic @entity302 . These are, transient behavioural @entity2526 of @entity1 continuing to take @entity5305 (decreasing retention rate) during long-term treatment. Psychotic reactions have been carefully documented both in @entity1 receiving standard and new anti- @entity302 drugs, and in up to 6% of @entity1 after @entity302 surgery. As many @entity716 are associated with a dramatic cessation of @entity410 (i.e. high efficacy of treatment), it is not surprising that behavioural abnormalities are more often seen in @entity1 receiving higher, more effective doses of @entity5305 , particularly those taking more than 3 g/day. A gradual dose increase and slow withdrawal is recommended for possible prevention of behavioural abnormalities, at least in some @entity1 . During treatment with standard anti- @entity302 drugs, approximately 50% of @entity1 remain on randomized treatment with the same drug for several years. For @entity2051 , a new drug, the figure is 60%, and for @entity5305 it is about 50%. Although comparative trials are not available, the retention rate for @entity5305 does not appear to be strikingly different to that reported for conventional anti- @entity302 drugs. In summary, behavioural abnormalities and falling retention rates appear to be general features of @entity302 , and are certainly not exclusively associated with the use of @entity5305 . Controlled trials are required to establish the specific contribution, if any, of @entity5305 in development of these complications of @entity302 .

title: Behavioural abnormalities and retention rates of anti- XXXX drugs during long-term treatment of @entity302 : a clinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contributing factors for @entity221 after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: Between May 2009 and December 2013, 395 tubeless PCNLs were performed at our hospital. After stone extraction, the @entity548 points were cauterized for hemostasis to enable tubeless modification. In @entity1 with troublesome @entity548 after cauterization, oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel) strips were used to tamponade the access tract to facilitate @entity548 control. The contributory factors for @entity221 were evaluated by a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 (11.7%) developed @entity221 after tubeless PCNL. There was no difference in gender, age, and body mass index in the development of @entity221 . Episodes of febrile or septic @entity293 before PCNL were found to have occurred in 35 @entity1 , but the incidence of @entity86 was not significantly higher in these @entity1 . There is no significant difference in the mean stone size in @entity221 and nonfever @entity1 . @entity5990 were noted in 40 @entity1 , and their @entity221 rate was not significantly higher than @entity1 with nonstaghorn stone. The operation time is not significantly higher in the group with @entity293 . @entity1 with @entity86 had a high incidence of residual stones than the remaining @entity1 (38.9% vs 20.4%). There was no significant difference in incidence of @entity86 in @entity1 with struvite stones than @entity1 with nonstruvite stones. In @entity1 who received Surgicel packing, the incidence of @entity221 was not significantly higher. CONCLUSION: Incomplete stone extraction is a major contributing factor for the development of @entity221 after tubeless PCNL.

title: Contributing factors for XXXX after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['Complete staghorn stones']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Fever']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with severe @entity9231 were each given a total of 1600-mg artesunate suppository over three consecutive days followed by 1250 mg @entity8775 per os, divided into two doses which were given 12 h apart. All @entity1 were admitted for 28 days to the Bangkok Hospital for @entity66 , so that the efficacy and tolerability of the treatment could be assessed. All the @entity1 showed clinical improvement, with mean (S.D.) parasite and fever clearance times of 50.4 (13.0) and 70.7 (44.9) h, respectively. Two @entity1 with unrousable @entity772 ( @entity772 score < or = 8) on admittance regained consciousness 46 and 48 h post-treatment. One other @entity1 had @entity810 and required dialysis. Most @entity1 (80%) were @entity1613 , with a mean density of 184,344 parasites/microliters blood. No @entity204 occurred. Efficacy was evaluated in 25 of the @entity1 . The cure rate 28 days post-treatment was 92%. None of the @entity1 had major adverse effects although two had tenesmus and passed stools immediately after each suppository was administered. A fresh suppository had to be inserted when this occurred. The results indicate that artesunate suppositories followed by oral @entity8775 constitute a well-tolerated regimen with a high cure rate. The combination is suitable as an alternative treatment for severe @entity311 , particularly in @entity1 . Further, large-scale studies are required.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of a sequential, artesunate suppository plus XXXX , treatment of severe @entity9231 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Tropical Diseases']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'Glasgow coma']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initially hyperparasitaemic']

answer: @entity8775 :: (MESH:D015767,Chemical) :: ['mefloquine']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with severe @entity9231 were each given a total of 1600-mg artesunate suppository over three consecutive days followed by 1250 mg @entity8775 per os, divided into two doses which were given 12 h apart. All @entity1 were admitted for 28 days to the Bangkok Hospital for @entity66 , so that the efficacy and tolerability of the treatment could be assessed. All the @entity1 showed clinical improvement, with mean (S.D.) parasite and fever clearance times of 50.4 (13.0) and 70.7 (44.9) h, respectively. Two @entity1 with unrousable @entity772 ( @entity772 score < or = 8) on admittance regained consciousness 46 and 48 h post-treatment. One other @entity1 had @entity810 and required dialysis. Most @entity1 (80%) were @entity1613 , with a mean density of 184,344 parasites/microliters blood. No @entity204 occurred. Efficacy was evaluated in 25 of the @entity1 . The cure rate 28 days post-treatment was 92%. None of the @entity1 had major adverse effects although two had tenesmus and passed stools immediately after each suppository was administered. A fresh suppository had to be inserted when this occurred. The results indicate that artesunate suppositories followed by oral @entity8775 constitute a well-tolerated regimen with a high cure rate. The combination is suitable as an alternative treatment for severe @entity311 , particularly in @entity1 . Further, large-scale studies are required.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of a sequential, artesunate suppository plus @entity8775 , treatment of severe XXXX .

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is becoming an increasingly commonplace health problem. Obesity during pregnancy is important because the condition adversely affects not only the mother, but also the developing fetus and the newborn. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal body mass index (mBMI) at the time of delivery and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission of offspring and to analyze the role of possible confounding variables that are often associated with @entity28 . Comorbidities, such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and/or @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ), are more common in more @entity28 mothers, as is a higher association of @entity28 among non-Caucasian @entity1 . METHODS: Using a retrospective cohort design, 1736 mothers and their singleton live-born at      >= 35 weeks' gestation were analyzed for mBMI, maternal conditions of @entity6 , @entity101 and/or @entity1468 , and whether NICU care was required and the reason for NICU admission. RESULTS: NICU admission rate was significantly associated with maternal @entity28 . In comparing @entity1 with mBMI      <   30 versus mBMI   >=    30, OR was 1.39 (p   =   0.045); OR increased to 1.76 (p   =   0.006) in comparing @entity1 with mBMI    >=    35. mBMI was significantly associated with an increased rate of maternal @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity1468 (p   <   0.05 each); however, NICU admission rate was not correlated with @entity6 , @entity101 or @entity1468 . The relationship between NICU admission and mBMI was significant in Caucasian mothers versus a borderline significance in African-American mothers (p   =   0.035 versus p   =   0.05). After controlling for @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) as the reason for admission to the NICU, no mBMI-NICU association persisted. The rate of @entity1 with @entity4053 increased in higher mBMI groups, independent of maternal @entity6 diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a significant association between higher mBMI groups and NICU admissions independent of diagnosis of maternal comorbidities. However, accounting for @entity4053 eliminating this association suggests a pre-clinical @entity6 pathology in @entity28 @entity1 that affects newborn outcome. Despite increased percentage of nonwhite mothers in higher mBMI groups, African-American race does not seem to be a significant contributing factor in the increased rate of NICU admission in our population.

title: Increasing maternal body mass index during pregnancy increases neonatal intensive care unit admission in near and full-term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['NH', 'neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['PEC', 'pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Levels of @entity2041 and activity of @entity1160 synthetase were assayed in organs of @entity35 following inhalation of a heterogeneous solvent mixture containing both aliphatic and @entity10519 . This mixture was administered for 3 weeks (6 h daily) at two levels in the inhaled air (400 and 800 ppm) to young adult (5-month-old) and aged (14-month-old) @entity35 . @entity308 of levels of @entity1160 synthetase in the P2 fraction of kidney was observed, which was more severe in aged than young adult @entity35 . @entity1160 synthetase is a cytosolic enzyme especially susceptible to oxidative damage. A parallel @entity308 of this enzyme was also seen in the corresponding hepatic fractions. However, levels of @entity1160 synthetase in the hippocampus were elevated by this exposure. @entity2041 levels were @entity308 in P2 fractions of livers of exposed @entity35 , and also in the corresponding renal fraction. @entity2041 concentration was unchanged in cerebral fractions. Overall results were interpreted to imply that pro-oxidant events were @entity409 following prolonged inhalation of the solvent mixture. The changes found in brain tissue did not reveal evidence of oxidative stress but, however, suggested that glial activation was taking place.

title: Changes in markers of oxidative status in brain, liver and kidney of young and aged XXXX following exposure to aromatic white spirit.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity10519 :: ('MESH:D006841', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['elevated in kidney and liver']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for the treatment of @entity179 ( @entity179 ). The purpose of our study was to investigate the reliability and efficacy of ACDF using self-locking stand-alone @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) cages, with two anchoring clips placed in the upper and lower vertebrae, respectively. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-six @entity1 who underwent ACDF using a stand-alone @entity12316 cage packed with local osteophytes and cancellous allograft bone from January 2010 to January 2012 were enrolled in this study. Clinical findings were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and Odom criteria. Intervertebral height and cervical fusion status were assessed on X-ray. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 underwent ACDF using a stand-alone @entity12316 cervical cage. All @entity1 had a minimum 2  years of follow-up. The operative levels were C3/4, C4/5 in seven @entity1 , C4/5, C5/6 in 13 @entity1 , and C4/5, C6/7 in six @entity1 . At 3  days, 6  months, and 2  years of follow-ups, the JOA scores were 10.41      1.67, 13.78      1.91, 14.42      2.09, respectively, which was significantly higher (p  <  0.01) than preoperative (7.34      1.71), whereas VAS overall @entity158 score was 4.35      1.32, 1.73      0.44, 1.32      0.57, respectively, which was significantly lower (p  <  0.01) than preoperative (8.01      1.16). The @entity717 preoperatively was 33.94      11.75, 23.53      10.92 at 3  days postoperatively, 12.64      8.36 at 6  months, and 10.74      7.92 at 2  years of follow-ups. Intervertebral height was 5.99      0.31  mm preoperatively, 8.70      0.23  mm at 3  days, 8.34      0.61  mm at 6  months, and 8.22      0.35  mm at 2  years of follow-ups. According to Odom criteria, 10 @entity1 (38.4  %) presented with an excellent clinical outcome, 15 good (57.6  %), 1 fair (3.8  %), and no @entity1 presented a poor outcome. Solid fusion was achieved in all @entity1 (100  %) at a mean time of 4.5  months. CONCLUSION: ACDF using a self-locking stand-alone @entity12316 cage with two anchoring clips placed in the upper and lower vertebrae, respectively, could be considered a safe and effective substitute for fusion in @entity1 with two-level @entity179 ; it can effectively restore the intervertebral height, facilitate radiologic follow-up, cause few complications, and lead to satisfactory outcomes.

title: Two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using self-locking stand-alone XXXX cages with two anchoring clips placed in the upper and lower vertebrae, respectively.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['CDDD', 'cervical degenerative disk diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'neck disability index']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['polyetheretherketone']


abstract: Maximal thymectomy was carried out in 48 @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). There were 18 males and 30 females. @entity8792 was found in 38, and @entity3202 thymus in 8, @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity704 . In the non-thymomatous @entity1737 complete remission was achieved in 16 @entity1 (34.8%) and pharmacological remission in 20 @entity1 (43.5%) thus giving a total remission in 36 (78.3%) @entity1 . Six @entity1 (13%) improved. There was no improvement in four @entity1 . Thus, the overall benefit from thymectomy was 91.4% in this series. We found that sex, age at onset of disease and steroid therapy influenced the outcome of thymectomy. On the other hand, duration of disease, anti- @entity934 receptor (AntiAchR) antibodies and thymic histology did not have any bearing on the complete remission rate.

title: Maximal thymectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity8792 :: ('MESH:D013952', 'Disease') :: ['Thymic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle weakness and @entity1295 are common symptoms in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Green tea catechins such as (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are known to improve energy metabolism at rest and during exercise. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that EGCG improves energy metabolism and substrate utilization in @entity1 with @entity15 . DESIGN: Eighteen @entity1 (8 @entity1 ) with relapsing-remitting @entity15 (expanded disability status scale score <4.5, all receiving glatiramer acetate) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial at a clinical research center. All @entity1 received EGCG (600 mg/d) and placebo over 12 wk (4-wk washout in between). After each intervention, fasting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE), as well as fat oxidation (FAOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOx) rates, were measured either at rest or during 40 min of exercise (0.5 W/kg). At rest, blood samples and microdialysates from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were also taken. RESULTS: At rest, postprandial EE and CHOx, as well as adipose tissue perfusion and glucose supply, were significantly lower in @entity1 but higher in @entity1 receiving EGCG compared with placebo. During exercise, postprandial EE was lower after EGCG than after placebo, indicating an increased working efficiency ( @entity1 > @entity1 ). After placebo, exercise EE was mainly fueled by FAOx in both @entity1 and @entity1 . After EGCG, there was a shift to a higher and more stable CHOx during exercise in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that EGCG given to @entity1 with @entity15 over 12 wk improves muscle metabolism during moderate exercise to a greater extent in @entity1 than in @entity1 , possibly because of sex-specific effects on autonomic and endocrine control. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01417312.

title: Metabolic response to epigallocatechin-3-gallate in relapsing-remitting XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether vitamin supplements decrease @entity49 risk is controversial. Previous reports did not all take confounding fully into account, either by randomization or by extensive adjustment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine whether vitamin supplementation decreases the risk of @entity49 . DESIGN: A large case-control study included 2506 @entity1 with @entity49 , 2506 partner controls, and 2684 random-digit dialing (RDD) controls. When @entity1 were compared with RDD controls, unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs with 95% CIs. When @entity1 were compared with partner controls, conditional logistic regression was used, providing further adjustment for unmeasured confounding. RESULTS: Vitamin use yielded a 37% lower risk of @entity49 than no vitamin use (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.70) when comparing @entity1 with RDD controls. Adjustment for several putative confounders did not change the estimate (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.77). The fully adjusted ORs for vitamin A, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and multivitamin use were in the same range. However, when @entity1 were compared with partner controls, ORs attenuated to unity. Results were similar for provoked and unprovoked events, as well as for @entity1150 and @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: After extensive adjustments, vitamin supplementation was no longer associated with a decreased risk of @entity49 in this study. Previous positive results may have been spurious as a result of uncontrolled confounding.

title: Vitamin supplementation on the risk of XXXX : results from the MEGA case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity284 maintenance treatment (MMT) reduces the harms of @entity4784 and is being rapidly scaled-up in China. This study evaluated the real-world implementation of MMT system in Wuhan, China. METHODS: Data extracted from electronic medical records collected in 2010 on 8811 @entity1 were used to compute for each @entity1 indices of the prescribed and consumed daily @entity284 doses, an adherence index, dose adjustments following missed doses, the rates of opiate positive urine tests, self-reported drug use, @entity734 ( @entity734 ), and the duration of MMT exposure. FINDINGS: The modal daily doses prescribed were 60mg and above for 68.5% of @entity1 . Adherence was variable: 51% of @entity1 attended less than 60% and 26% attended 80-100% of their treatment days; and @entity1 with long MMT exposure had significantly higher adherence rates than @entity1 with short MMT exposure. The differences between doses dispensed immediately before and after the interruption in dosing days ranged from 0 to 7mg, independently of the length of the interruption or the prescribed dosing level. The overall rate of opiate positive tests was 20%; 45% of @entity1 had at least one opiate positive test; 29% reported past month drug use and 53% of them reported past month @entity734 . Adherence and MMT exposure duration correlated significantly with the proportion of opiate negative urine tests (r=0.355, p<0.001; r=0.351, p<0.001, respectively). Treatment for males and females was comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of safe @entity284 dosing after absences and improving daily attendance are identified as priority improvement areas.

title: Evaluation of an implementation of XXXX maintenance treatment in China.

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid use disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['IDU', 'injection drug use']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate in-vivo @entity432 branching from the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) using @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 7 Tesla. METHODS: Seventy-five subjects, including 15 healthy volunteers and 60 @entity1 , were included in this prospective study. Three raters characterized branches from ACoA in maximum intensity projections of @entity1054 MRA at 7 Tesla acquired with 0.22   *   0.22   *   0.41  mm(3) resolution. Furthermore, course patterns and anatomical features of the subcallosal artery (maximum diameter, length, and branching angle from ACoA) were measured. RESULTS: Branches from the anterior communicating artery were visualized in 63 of 74 (85.1  %) subjects and were identified as the subcallosal artery (93.7  %) and the @entity6128 (6.3  %). The course of the subcallosal artery was classified into 3 groups; C-shaped (55.9  %), straight (16.9  %), and S-shaped (27.2  %). There was a significant difference between the branching angles of C-shaped and straight (p   <   0.0001), between C-shaped and S-shaped (p   <   0.0001), as well as between straight and S-shaped (p   =   0.0113) course patterns. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution in-vivo 7 T @entity1054 MRA can delineate the @entity432 . Three main variants of course patterns and branching angles from ACoA could be identified. KEY POINTS:     In-vivo 7 Tesla @entity1054 MRA can delineate the subcallosal artery microanatomy     Three distinct course patterns of the subcallosal artery were identified     Branching angles from ACoA significantly differed between subcallosal artery course patterns.

title: XXXX : an in-vivo 7 T magnetic resonance angiography study.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['microanatomy of the subcallosal artery']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time-of-flight', 'TOF']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['accessory anterior cerebral artery']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Microanatomy of the subcallosal artery']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) is an important tool in assessing the quality of life (QoL) of @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with a validated version in Brazil. The @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) represents most of the cases of @entity1412 (85-90%) and belongs to the group of chronic rhinosinusitis. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that impacts the QoL of @entity1 , not only causing localized symptoms, but also resulting in a general malaise. The standard treatments (corticosteroids and nasal endoscopic surgery) lead to partial control of symptoms, but relapses are frequent. @entity7646 acting as an immunomodulator is a promising tool for more effective control of this disease. Studies are still lacking to assess the real impact on the QoL in @entity1 treated with @entity7187 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the improvement of QL, evaluated using SNOT-22, in @entity1 with PNSE treated with immunomodulatory dose @entity4580 . METHODS: This is a paired experimental study in @entity1 with @entity1412 . Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment with @entity4580 was performed. @entity1 completed the SNOT-22 questionnaire before the start of treatment and returned for evaluation after eight weeks of treatment. @entity4580 was prescribed at a dose of 500mg, orally, three times a week, for 8 weeks. RESULTS: SNOT-22 score decreased 20.3 points on average. There was a significant decrease in the SNOT-22 (difference greater than 14 points) in 19 @entity1 (57.6%). There was no significant difference in improvement in SNOT in subgroups with or without @entity565 / @entity117 intolerance. CONCLUSION: @entity4580 resulted in significant improvement of QoL, assessed by SNOT-22, in the studied population.

title: Evaluation of improved quality of life with @entity4580 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['Macrolide']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['ENP', 'nasal polyposis', 'eosinophilic nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic nasal polyposis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) is an important tool in assessing the quality of life (QoL) of @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with a validated version in Brazil. The @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) represents most of the cases of @entity1412 (85-90%) and belongs to the group of chronic rhinosinusitis. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that impacts the QoL of @entity1 , not only causing localized symptoms, but also resulting in a general malaise. The standard treatments (corticosteroids and nasal endoscopic surgery) lead to partial control of symptoms, but relapses are frequent. @entity7646 acting as an immunomodulator is a promising tool for more effective control of this disease. Studies are still lacking to assess the real impact on the QoL in @entity1 treated with @entity7187 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the improvement of QL, evaluated using SNOT-22, in @entity1 with PNSE treated with immunomodulatory dose @entity4580 . METHODS: This is a paired experimental study in @entity1 with @entity1412 . Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment with @entity4580 was performed. @entity1 completed the SNOT-22 questionnaire before the start of treatment and returned for evaluation after eight weeks of treatment. @entity4580 was prescribed at a dose of 500mg, orally, three times a week, for 8 weeks. RESULTS: SNOT-22 score decreased 20.3 points on average. There was a significant decrease in the SNOT-22 (difference greater than 14 points) in 19 @entity1 (57.6%). There was no significant difference in improvement in SNOT in subgroups with or without @entity565 / @entity117 intolerance. CONCLUSION: @entity4580 resulted in significant improvement of QoL, assessed by SNOT-22, in the studied population.

title: Evaluation of improved quality of life with XXXX in the treatment of @entity1412 .

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['Azithromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. AgNPs have been increasingly used as anticancer, antiangiogenic, and antibacterial agents for the treatment of @entity2348 in open wounds as well as in ointments, bandages, and wound dressings. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two different sizes of AgNPs (10 nm and 20 nm) in male somatic Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). METHODS: Here, we demonstrate a green and simple method for the synthesis of AgNPs using @entity5259 culture supernatants. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The @entity137 of the synthesized AgNPs was evaluated by the effects on cell viability, metabolic activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and expression of genes encoding steroidogenic and tight junction proteins. RESULTS: AgNPs inhibited the viability and proliferation of TM3 and TM4 cells in a dose- and size-dependent manner by damaging cell membranes and inducing the generation of reactive @entity26 species, which in turn affected SSC growth on TM3 and TM4 as feeder cells. Small AgNPs (10 nm) were more cytotoxic than medium-sized nanoparticles (20 nm). TEM revealed the presence of AgNPs in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus, and detected @entity2383 and enhanced formation of autosomes and autolysosomes in the AgNP-treated cells. Flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/ @entity2667 staining showed massive cell death by apoptosis or @entity39 . Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses indicated that in TM3 and TM4 cells, AgNPs activated the p53, p38, and pErk1/2 signaling pathways and significantly downregulated the expression of genes related to @entity251 synthesis (TM3) and tight junctions (TM4). Furthermore, the exposure of TM3 and TM4 cells to AgNPs inhibited proliferation and self-renewal of SSCs. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that AgNPs exhibit size-dependent nanoreprotoxicity in male somatic cells and SSCs, strongly suggesting that applications of AgNPs in commercial products must be carefully evaluated. Further studies of AgNPs-induced nanoreprotoxicity in animal models are required.

title: Differential nanoreprotoxicity of XXXX nanoparticles in male somatic cells and spermatogonial stem cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Previous studies of the TCR alpha chain gene have located promoter elements 5' to the start of the various V alpha genes. The only fully characterized enhancer for the entire alpha chain gene (V, J and C genes) has been located approximately 3 kb from the 3' end of C alpha. We now report the existence of additional regulatory elements located in the introns of several @entity19 V alpha genes (V alpha 1, V alpha 3 and V alpha B6.2.16). In the case of V alpha 1, this element appears to be a promoter with bidirectional activity that is not T cell specific. Interestingly, upstream of the promoter in the antisense strand, an open reading frame has been found that codes for a small molecular weight protein (approximately 60 @entity1522 ) that contains a @entity1521 -rich region and a @entity669 - @entity6778 motif that has homology to @entity71680 (the @entity71680 gene product). A rabbit antiserum made against this sequence has confirmed its existence by Western blot and immunoprecipitation. Thus this V alpha 1 intronic promoter has the potential not only to induce the formation of a truncated V alpha 1 gene product, but also regulates the expression of a small molecular weight protein that may be involved in lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling. The activity of this promoter is regulated by changes in intracellular @entity460 . In the presence of @entity1360 the promoter is down-regulated in the sense direction and its activity is enhanced in the antisense direction. This result suggests that this promoter can act differentially to produce two very different gene products. The bidirectional V alpha 1 promoter appears to be the first in the Ig superfamily to induce potentially functional proteins in both directions.

title: Evidence for a XXXX regulated, bidirectional intronic promoter in the @entity19 TCR V alpha 1 gene.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Previous studies of the TCR alpha chain gene have located promoter elements 5' to the start of the various V alpha genes. The only fully characterized enhancer for the entire alpha chain gene (V, J and C genes) has been located approximately 3 kb from the 3' end of C alpha. We now report the existence of additional regulatory elements located in the introns of several @entity19 V alpha genes (V alpha 1, V alpha 3 and V alpha B6.2.16). In the case of V alpha 1, this element appears to be a promoter with bidirectional activity that is not T cell specific. Interestingly, upstream of the promoter in the antisense strand, an open reading frame has been found that codes for a small molecular weight protein (approximately 60 @entity1522 ) that contains a @entity1521 -rich region and a @entity669 - @entity6778 motif that has homology to @entity71680 (the @entity71680 gene product). A rabbit antiserum made against this sequence has confirmed its existence by Western blot and immunoprecipitation. Thus this V alpha 1 intronic promoter has the potential not only to induce the formation of a truncated V alpha 1 gene product, but also regulates the expression of a small molecular weight protein that may be involved in lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling. The activity of this promoter is regulated by changes in intracellular @entity460 . In the presence of @entity1360 the promoter is down-regulated in the sense direction and its activity is enhanced in the antisense direction. This result suggests that this promoter can act differentially to produce two very different gene products. The bidirectional V alpha 1 promoter appears to be the first in the Ig superfamily to induce potentially functional proteins in both directions.

title: Evidence for a @entity460 regulated, bidirectional intronic promoter in the XXXX TCR V alpha 1 gene.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Rates of late @entity137 are higher for salvage treatment of local recurrence after prior radiotherapy. We present our experience with salvage prostate brachytherapy (BT) for local recurrence after definitive external beam radiotherapy with attention to the relationship between dose and late @entity137 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 2005 to 2012, 18 @entity1 with biopsy proven locally recurrent @entity263 and negative staging received low-dose-rate BT with a prescribed dose of 130-144  Gy. @entity137 were graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. RESULTS: Median followup is 31.5  months (range, 12-104). International Prostate Symptom Scores peaked at 3  months (median, 21/35), returning to baseline by 24  months. Urinary catheterization rate was 33% (median duration, 14  days; range, 1-90  days). Late Grade 3/4 genitourinary @entity137 occurred in 1 @entity1 each, one of whom also had Grade 3 late @entity344 ; urethral strictures developed in three others. These 5 @entity1 with late @entity137 had higher dose to the prostate (isodose enclosing 90% [D90] median, 151 Gy; range, 135-185 Gy) compared with those without late complications (median, 134  Gy; range, 105-165; p < 0.04). Acute @entity344 Grade <3 occurred in 44%. Four @entity1 (22%) experienced biochemical failure. CONCLUSION: Salvage low-dose-rate prostate BT can provide durable biochemical control. Care should be taken to select @entity1 with higher likelihood of organ-confined disease. The goal of planning should be to treat the recurrent disease to an adequate dose with careful attention to maintain a conservative D90.

title: Salvage low-dose-rate permanent seed brachytherapy for locally recurrent @entity263 : Association between dose and late XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Rates of late @entity137 are higher for salvage treatment of local recurrence after prior radiotherapy. We present our experience with salvage prostate brachytherapy (BT) for local recurrence after definitive external beam radiotherapy with attention to the relationship between dose and late @entity137 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 2005 to 2012, 18 @entity1 with biopsy proven locally recurrent @entity263 and negative staging received low-dose-rate BT with a prescribed dose of 130-144  Gy. @entity137 were graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. RESULTS: Median followup is 31.5  months (range, 12-104). International Prostate Symptom Scores peaked at 3  months (median, 21/35), returning to baseline by 24  months. Urinary catheterization rate was 33% (median duration, 14  days; range, 1-90  days). Late Grade 3/4 genitourinary @entity137 occurred in 1 @entity1 each, one of whom also had Grade 3 late @entity344 ; urethral strictures developed in three others. These 5 @entity1 with late @entity137 had higher dose to the prostate (isodose enclosing 90% [D90] median, 151 Gy; range, 135-185 Gy) compared with those without late complications (median, 134  Gy; range, 105-165; p < 0.04). Acute @entity344 Grade <3 occurred in 44%. Four @entity1 (22%) experienced biochemical failure. CONCLUSION: Salvage low-dose-rate prostate BT can provide durable biochemical control. Care should be taken to select @entity1 with higher likelihood of organ-confined disease. The goal of planning should be to treat the recurrent disease to an adequate dose with careful attention to maintain a conservative D90.

title: Salvage low-dose-rate permanent seed brachytherapy for locally recurrent XXXX : Association between dose and late @entity137 .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mild @entity73 is common in nondemented @entity191 @entity1 ( @entity1726 ) and is considered as a risk factor for @entity303 ( @entity3602 ). Recently, the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) published guidelines for @entity1726 , although the studies available are still limited. The aim of this work was to characterize @entity1726 and its progression to @entity303 . Moreover, the study variables could be considered as predictors for the progression of @entity73 . METHOD: The study included 43 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1726 (mean age = 59.19 years, SD = 9.64) and 20 healthy and neurologically normal controls (mean age = 60.85 years, SD = 12.26). The criteria proposed by the @entity717 Task Force were applied for the @entity1726 diagnosis. Follow-up assessments were conducted within six to eight years after the diagnosis of @entity1726 . RESULTS: The results showed that 60.5% of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1726 when a comprehensive assessment was performed ( @entity717 criteria Level 2), while 23.3% of the @entity1 met MCI criteria when a brief assessment was used ( @entity717 criteria Level 1). Multiple domain impairment was the most frequent impairment (96.2%). A total of 42.3% of @entity1726 @entity1 had @entity303 in the follow-up study. Logistic regression showed that the Hoehn and Yahr stage and education significantly contributed to the prediction of @entity1726 . Moreover, the Hoehn and Yahr stage and memory domain significantly contributed to the prediction of @entity303 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study: (a) provide relevant data about the process of validation of the @entity717 , (b) reinforce the hypothesis that @entity1726 is more frequent than previous studies showed without applying @entity717 criteria, and (c) confirm that @entity1726 is a risk factor for the onset of @entity303 . Finally, the study shows that @entity16 , educational level and @entity2414 were predictors for the progression of @entity73 .

title: Mild @entity73 in XXXX : Diagnosis and progression to @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'MDS PD-MCI criteria', 'Movement Disorder Society']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mild @entity73 is common in nondemented @entity191 @entity1 ( @entity1726 ) and is considered as a risk factor for @entity303 ( @entity3602 ). Recently, the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) published guidelines for @entity1726 , although the studies available are still limited. The aim of this work was to characterize @entity1726 and its progression to @entity303 . Moreover, the study variables could be considered as predictors for the progression of @entity73 . METHOD: The study included 43 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1726 (mean age = 59.19 years, SD = 9.64) and 20 healthy and neurologically normal controls (mean age = 60.85 years, SD = 12.26). The criteria proposed by the @entity717 Task Force were applied for the @entity1726 diagnosis. Follow-up assessments were conducted within six to eight years after the diagnosis of @entity1726 . RESULTS: The results showed that 60.5% of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1726 when a comprehensive assessment was performed ( @entity717 criteria Level 2), while 23.3% of the @entity1 met MCI criteria when a brief assessment was used ( @entity717 criteria Level 1). Multiple domain impairment was the most frequent impairment (96.2%). A total of 42.3% of @entity1726 @entity1 had @entity303 in the follow-up study. Logistic regression showed that the Hoehn and Yahr stage and education significantly contributed to the prediction of @entity1726 . Moreover, the Hoehn and Yahr stage and memory domain significantly contributed to the prediction of @entity303 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study: (a) provide relevant data about the process of validation of the @entity717 , (b) reinforce the hypothesis that @entity1726 is more frequent than previous studies showed without applying @entity717 criteria, and (c) confirm that @entity1726 is a risk factor for the onset of @entity303 . Finally, the study shows that @entity16 , educational level and @entity2414 were predictors for the progression of @entity73 .

title: Mild @entity73 in @entity191 : Diagnosis and progression to XXXX .

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mild @entity73 is common in nondemented @entity191 @entity1 ( @entity1726 ) and is considered as a risk factor for @entity303 ( @entity3602 ). Recently, the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) published guidelines for @entity1726 , although the studies available are still limited. The aim of this work was to characterize @entity1726 and its progression to @entity303 . Moreover, the study variables could be considered as predictors for the progression of @entity73 . METHOD: The study included 43 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1726 (mean age = 59.19 years, SD = 9.64) and 20 healthy and neurologically normal controls (mean age = 60.85 years, SD = 12.26). The criteria proposed by the @entity717 Task Force were applied for the @entity1726 diagnosis. Follow-up assessments were conducted within six to eight years after the diagnosis of @entity1726 . RESULTS: The results showed that 60.5% of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1726 when a comprehensive assessment was performed ( @entity717 criteria Level 2), while 23.3% of the @entity1 met MCI criteria when a brief assessment was used ( @entity717 criteria Level 1). Multiple domain impairment was the most frequent impairment (96.2%). A total of 42.3% of @entity1726 @entity1 had @entity303 in the follow-up study. Logistic regression showed that the Hoehn and Yahr stage and education significantly contributed to the prediction of @entity1726 . Moreover, the Hoehn and Yahr stage and memory domain significantly contributed to the prediction of @entity303 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study: (a) provide relevant data about the process of validation of the @entity717 , (b) reinforce the hypothesis that @entity1726 is more frequent than previous studies showed without applying @entity717 criteria, and (c) confirm that @entity1726 is a risk factor for the onset of @entity303 . Finally, the study shows that @entity16 , educational level and @entity2414 were predictors for the progression of @entity73 .

title: Mild XXXX in @entity191 : Diagnosis and progression to @entity303 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']