abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a new case of an uncommon complication of a @entity703 . To our knowledge, there are only few published cases of benign @entity8 ( @entity359 ) presenting with @entity5 @entity715 in females. Epithelioid @entity359 is a recently described rare variant of @entity8 . It can occur in @entity1 with or without @entity2916 , and may potentially be malignant. Benign @entity8 AML rarely presents with evidence of extension into the renal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC) or atrium. We report a case of a benign renal @entity359 with a @entity5 @entity715 to the IVC in a 46-year-old female who presented with right-sided @entity812 associated with a right sided abdominal mass. METHODS: Right Radical nephrectomy with IVC @entity5 thrombectomy. RESULTS: @entity1 is totally asymptomatic. At 1 month after surgery, an abdominal ultrasound showed no evidence of @entity715 within the IVC. CT scan of the abdomen at 3 months post-operatively showed no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity359 with IVC @entity715 is warranted in view of risk of @entity5 and to prevent @entity5 embolus to the heart or lungs.

title: Benign XXXX with @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal tumor']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a new case of an uncommon complication of a @entity703 . To our knowledge, there are only few published cases of benign @entity8 ( @entity359 ) presenting with @entity5 @entity715 in females. Epithelioid @entity359 is a recently described rare variant of @entity8 . It can occur in @entity1 with or without @entity2916 , and may potentially be malignant. Benign @entity8 AML rarely presents with evidence of extension into the renal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC) or atrium. We report a case of a benign renal @entity359 with a @entity5 @entity715 to the IVC in a 46-year-old female who presented with right-sided @entity812 associated with a right sided abdominal mass. METHODS: Right Radical nephrectomy with IVC @entity5 thrombectomy. RESULTS: @entity1 is totally asymptomatic. At 1 month after surgery, an abdominal ultrasound showed no evidence of @entity715 within the IVC. CT scan of the abdomen at 3 months post-operatively showed no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity359 with IVC @entity715 is warranted in view of risk of @entity5 and to prevent @entity5 embolus to the heart or lungs.

title: Benign @entity8 with XXXX .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['inferior vena cava thrombosis']


abstract: @entity2313 dialysis using the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic @entity1 with acute decompensation to improve survival as well as reduce associated complications. The present study attempts to analyze the costs involved, and compare it to the benefit as a result of the MARS therapy, thus evaluating its cost-effectiveness. Using the results of a study by Kim et al. describing the effects of complications on the cost of hospitalization in @entity5881 @entity1 , the expenditure incurred in a group of 11 @entity1 treated with standard medical therapy (five survivors) and a group of 12 @entity1 treated with MARS in addition (11 survivors) (Heemann et al., Hepatology 2002) were analyzed. MARS resulted in a reduction of in-hospital deaths, as well as @entity409 . Both these factors led to a substantial reduction of costs in the MARS group, which was enough to counterbalance the extra costs associated with extra-corporeal therapy. In the control group, the total hospitalization cost per survivor were calculated to be at  35,904. In the MARS group, the overall expenditure per survivor including standard medical therapy plus additional MARS liver support therapy were  32,036--a saving of nearly  4000 compared to the control group. Therefore, it appears that the benefits of MARS therapy are enough to justify the cost of treatment and safe hospital costs, at least in the described population. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: XXXX dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: possible impact of @entity2313 dialysis on hospitalization costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease-related complications']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['Albumin']


abstract: @entity2313 dialysis using the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic @entity1 with acute decompensation to improve survival as well as reduce associated complications. The present study attempts to analyze the costs involved, and compare it to the benefit as a result of the MARS therapy, thus evaluating its cost-effectiveness. Using the results of a study by Kim et al. describing the effects of complications on the cost of hospitalization in @entity5881 @entity1 , the expenditure incurred in a group of 11 @entity1 treated with standard medical therapy (five survivors) and a group of 12 @entity1 treated with MARS in addition (11 survivors) (Heemann et al., Hepatology 2002) were analyzed. MARS resulted in a reduction of in-hospital deaths, as well as @entity409 . Both these factors led to a substantial reduction of costs in the MARS group, which was enough to counterbalance the extra costs associated with extra-corporeal therapy. In the control group, the total hospitalization cost per survivor were calculated to be at  35,904. In the MARS group, the overall expenditure per survivor including standard medical therapy plus additional MARS liver support therapy were  32,036--a saving of nearly  4000 compared to the control group. Therefore, it appears that the benefits of MARS therapy are enough to justify the cost of treatment and safe hospital costs, at least in the described population. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: @entity2313 dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: possible impact of XXXX dialysis on hospitalization costs.

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report describes the cascade of stressful events and secondary life changes experienced by parents in a case of alleged @entity458 at a day care program. The study evaluated parents' @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms and general psychological responses to the stressful events 4 years after the alleged abuse, and explored predictive factors of parental distress. METHODS: A total of 39 parents were interviewed about stressful events, life changes, and social support. Current distress reactions, psychological wellbeing, and locus of control were assessed with a battery of standardized measures. RESULTS: Hearing about the @entity458 , testifying in court, hearing the verdict, and being exposed in media reports were all rated by the parents as distressing events. The majority of the parents experienced secondary life changes after the alleged @entity458 . Four years after the alleged @entity458 , one-third of the parents reported a high level of @entity1005 Intrusive symptoms and one-fourth reported a high level of @entity1005 Avoidance symptoms. There was a significant positive correlation between a measure of psychological wellbeing and @entity1005 . Secondary life changes and locus of control significantly predicted @entity1005 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the alleged @entity458 of @entity1 in day care and the resulting events in the legal system and the media constitute significant and chronic stressors in the lives of the @entity1 's parents. These findings underscore the need to expand the focus of trauma-related sequelae from the @entity1 victim to their parents and family.

title: Alleged XXXX at a day care center: impact on parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: Acute @entity788 seems to represent a rare extraintestinal manifestation of @entity30 usually appearing after the establishment of diagnosis of the @entity1944 . The aim of this study was to describe the clinicoepidemiological characteristics and clinical course of three @entity1 with @entity30 who developed @entity656 years before the establishment of diagnosis @entity1944 . DESCRIPTION OF CASES: All @entity1 were suffering from @entity30 . In all @entity1 , an extensive work-up aiming to identify an etiological factor involved in the pathogenesis of acute @entity788 was negative. The main clinical characteristics of the @entity1 were the young age, the mild or moderate degree of severity of @entity788 , and the concurrent involvement of small and large bowel from @entity30 in two of them. There was no preference for either male or female sex. The course of @entity788 was favorable in all @entity1 . During the follow-up period, ranging from 2 to 8 years, no exacerbation of @entity788 was noticed. CONCLUSION: This case-series suggests that @entity656 could precede diagnosis of @entity30 . Clinicians must bear in mind the possibility of the existence of @entity30 when they are confronting a young @entity1 with clinical and laboratory features of @entity656 .

title: Acute XXXX preceding diagnosis of @entity30 . Description of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease', 'intestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'idiopathic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute idiopathic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pancreatitis']


abstract: Acute @entity788 seems to represent a rare extraintestinal manifestation of @entity30 usually appearing after the establishment of diagnosis of the @entity1944 . The aim of this study was to describe the clinicoepidemiological characteristics and clinical course of three @entity1 with @entity30 who developed @entity656 years before the establishment of diagnosis @entity1944 . DESCRIPTION OF CASES: All @entity1 were suffering from @entity30 . In all @entity1 , an extensive work-up aiming to identify an etiological factor involved in the pathogenesis of acute @entity788 was negative. The main clinical characteristics of the @entity1 were the young age, the mild or moderate degree of severity of @entity788 , and the concurrent involvement of small and large bowel from @entity30 in two of them. There was no preference for either male or female sex. The course of @entity788 was favorable in all @entity1 . During the follow-up period, ranging from 2 to 8 years, no exacerbation of @entity788 was noticed. CONCLUSION: This case-series suggests that @entity656 could precede diagnosis of @entity30 . Clinicians must bear in mind the possibility of the existence of @entity30 when they are confronting a young @entity1 with clinical and laboratory features of @entity656 .

title: Acute @entity788 preceding diagnosis of XXXX . Description of three cases.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity796 , biofilm formation is controlled by a cell-to-cell signalling circuit relying on the secretion of @entity21814 and C4-HSL. Previous studies suggested that C4-HSL plays no significant role in biofilm formation. However the wild-type PAO1 strain PAO-BI, used as a control in these studies is itself impaired in the production of @entity21815 . We wondered therefore whether the role of C4-HSL in biofilm formation might have been underestimated, and whether @entity4580 inhibits biofilm formation by interfering with cell-to-cell signalling. METHODS: We used isogenic mutants of wild-type PAO1 strains PAO-BI and PT5 in a static biofilm model. Biofilm formation was quantified using Crystal Violet staining and exopolysaccharide measurements. RESULTS: Wild-type strain PAO-BI, as a result of its reduced C4-HSL secretion, produced 40% less biofilm compared with the wild-type PAO1 strain PT5. Using isogenic mutants of strain PT5 we have shown that whereas a lasI mutant (deficient in @entity21814 ) produced similar amounts of biofilm to the wild-type, a rhlI mutant ( @entity18198 ) produced 70% less biofilm. In the latter strain, biofilm formation could be restored by addition of exogenous C4-HSL. @entity4580 , known to reduce the production of both @entity21814 and C4-HSL, inhibited biofilm formation of wild-type PT5 by 45%. This inhibition could be reversed by the addition of both cell-to-cell signals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that C4-HSL also plays a significant role in biofilm formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of using cell-to-cell signalling blocking agents such as @entity4580 to interfere with biofilm formation.

title: Biofilm formation by XXXX : role of the C4-HSL cell-to-cell signal and inhibition by @entity4580 .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity18198 :: ('MESH:C565439', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in C4-HSL']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity796 , biofilm formation is controlled by a cell-to-cell signalling circuit relying on the secretion of @entity21814 and C4-HSL. Previous studies suggested that C4-HSL plays no significant role in biofilm formation. However the wild-type PAO1 strain PAO-BI, used as a control in these studies is itself impaired in the production of @entity21815 . We wondered therefore whether the role of C4-HSL in biofilm formation might have been underestimated, and whether @entity4580 inhibits biofilm formation by interfering with cell-to-cell signalling. METHODS: We used isogenic mutants of wild-type PAO1 strains PAO-BI and PT5 in a static biofilm model. Biofilm formation was quantified using Crystal Violet staining and exopolysaccharide measurements. RESULTS: Wild-type strain PAO-BI, as a result of its reduced C4-HSL secretion, produced 40% less biofilm compared with the wild-type PAO1 strain PT5. Using isogenic mutants of strain PT5 we have shown that whereas a lasI mutant (deficient in @entity21814 ) produced similar amounts of biofilm to the wild-type, a rhlI mutant ( @entity18198 ) produced 70% less biofilm. In the latter strain, biofilm formation could be restored by addition of exogenous C4-HSL. @entity4580 , known to reduce the production of both @entity21814 and C4-HSL, inhibited biofilm formation of wild-type PT5 by 45%. This inhibition could be reversed by the addition of both cell-to-cell signals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that C4-HSL also plays a significant role in biofilm formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of using cell-to-cell signalling blocking agents such as @entity4580 to interfere with biofilm formation.

title: Biofilm formation by @entity796 : role of the C4-HSL cell-to-cell signal and inhibition by XXXX .

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: The @entity19123 gene, @entity22594 , regulates circadian rhythm in @entity238 , but its vertebrate homolog is critical to embryonic development. @entity46234 was shown to be involved in @entity19 urethral bud branching morphogenesis. We generated a polyclonal antibody to @entity19 @entity46234 ( @entity73062 ) and studied its distribution and its potential role during lung development, which also requires branching morphogenesis. In the early @entity19 embryo, @entity73062 was localized to all organs, especially the neural epithelium. In embryonic day (E) 9.5 embryos, @entity73062 was present in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells at the onset of lung morphogenesis. In E15 embryos, @entity73062 decreased in the mesenchyme but remained pronounced in the epithelium of both large and small airways. Later, @entity73062 was localized to a specific subset of epithelial cells with @entity133 phenotype. This finding was verified by immunostaining of isolated @entity133 cells. In the proximal airways, @entity73062 was colocalized with @entity32123 to nonciliated columnar epithelial cells. Antisense oligonucleotides to @entity73062 specifically inhibited branching morphogenesis of embryonic lungs in explant culture without affecting @entity16529 expression an @entity133 cell marker. In cultured lung cells, expression of @entity73062 is independent of cell cycle and proliferation. These studies indicate that the function of @entity46234 is highly conserved in organs whose formation requires branching morphogenesis.

title: XXXX in lung morphogenesis.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar type 2']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity46234 :: (21853(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Timeless']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the mechanical properties (elasticity) of normal and @entity5 prostate tissues and to develop a tissue elasticity map for the diagnosis and localization of @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 735 sites from 35 radical prostatectomy specimens were used in the experiments using a robotic palpation system, and the elasticities of the specimens were estimated by a tissue characterization algorithm. The estimated elasticities from 21 regions were separated into normal and @entity5 tissues using the pathological information, and a tissue elasticity map was developed using numerical functions and a nonlinear surface-fitting method. RESULTS: The mean elastic moduli of the normal and @entity5 tissues were 15.25        5.88 and 28.80        11.20   kPa, respectively. The base region had the highest elasticity, followed by the medial and apex regions. These results demonstrated the ability to separate the @entity5 tissue from the normal tissue based on its elastic modulus. The tissue elasticity mapping was carried out using the estimated elasticity and nonlinear surface fitting. The proposed map showed the elasticity and was used to estimate the elastic modulus of the prostate at any given region. CONCLUSION: Tissue elasticity may be an important indicator of @entity263 because the pathologic changes alter the tissue properties, including cell integrity and intercellular matrix. This work provides quantitative and objective information for the diagnosis of @entity263 . In addition, these results may have implications for the localization of @entity263 .

title: Robotic palpation-based mechanical property mapping for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This article describes the @entity1 management processes developed during the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) coordinated care trial and use of health outcome measures to monitor changes in utilisation patterns and @entity1 well-being over time for a subgroup of 398 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: The Eyre component of the South Australian (SA) HealthPlus coordinated care trial was a matched geographically controlled study in which the outcomes for the intervention group of 1350 @entity1 were compared with those of a similar control group of 500 @entity1 in another rural health region in SA. SETTING: The trial was carried out on Eyre Peninsula in SA across populations in rural communities and in the main centres of Whyalla, Port Lincoln and Ceduna. Care planning was organised through general practitioner practices and services negotiated with allied health services and hospitals to meet @entity1 needs. SUBJECTS: The SA HealthPlus trial included 1350 @entity1 with @entity102 . A subset of this group comprising 398 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is described in this report. @entity1 recruited into the three-year trial were care planned using a @entity1 centred care planning model through which @entity1 goals were generated along with medical management goals developed by clinicians and primary health care professionals. Relevant health services were scheduled in line with best practice and care plans were reviewed each year. @entity1 service utilisation, progress towards achieving health related goals and @entity1 health outcomes were recorded and assessed to determine improvements in health and well-being along with the cost and profile of the services provided. RESULTS: Significant numbers of @entity1 experienced improved health outcomes as a consequence of their involvement in the trial, and utilisation data showed reductions in hospital and medical expenditure for some @entity1 . These results suggest that methods applied in the SA HealthPlus coordinated care trial have led to improvements in health outcomes for @entity1 with @entity6 and other @entity102 . In addition, the processes associated with the COAG trial motivated significant organisational change in the Regional Health Service as well as providing an opportunity to study the health and well-being outcomes resulting from a major community health intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the SA HealthPlus trial has been the demonstrated link between a formal research trial and significant developments in the larger health system with the trial not only leading to improvements in clinical outcomes for @entity1 , but also acting as a catalyst for organisational reform. We now need to look beyond the illness focus of health outcome research to develop population based health approaches to improving overall community well-being.

title: Beyond community-based XXXX management and the COAG coordinated care trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic and complex illness', 'chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A corridor of double potentials along the ablation line has been recognized to be an indicator of complete cavotricuspid isthmus block. @entity3044 is used to confirm cavotricuspid isthmus block, but the effects of @entity3044 on the double potential interval (DPI), either in the absence or presence of @entity2643 , are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 with isthmus-dependent @entity956 underwent successful ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. The procedure was performed in the drug-free state in 23 @entity1 , and 2 to 7 days after discontinuation of chronic @entity2643 therapy in 9 @entity1 . Electrograms recorded along the ablation line before and during @entity3044 infusion were analyzed after isthmus block was achieved. Double potentials were recorded along the entire ablation line upon achievement of complete isthmus block in all @entity1 . The DPI in 9 @entity1 treated with @entity2643 was longer than in the other @entity1 (147 +/- 32 msec vs 119 +/- 19 msec, P < 0.001). The DPI increased as the pacing cycle length shortened in @entity1 treated with @entity2643 , but not in the other @entity1 . At all pacing cycle lengths, @entity3044 shortened the DPI to a greater extent in the @entity1 treated with @entity2643 than in the other @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity2643 results in rate-dependent prolongation of the DPI during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. @entity3044 shortens the DPI despite the presence of complete isthmus block, and this effect is accentuated in the presence of @entity2643 .

title: Effects of @entity3044 and XXXX on the double potential interval after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A corridor of double potentials along the ablation line has been recognized to be an indicator of complete cavotricuspid isthmus block. @entity3044 is used to confirm cavotricuspid isthmus block, but the effects of @entity3044 on the double potential interval (DPI), either in the absence or presence of @entity2643 , are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 with isthmus-dependent @entity956 underwent successful ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. The procedure was performed in the drug-free state in 23 @entity1 , and 2 to 7 days after discontinuation of chronic @entity2643 therapy in 9 @entity1 . Electrograms recorded along the ablation line before and during @entity3044 infusion were analyzed after isthmus block was achieved. Double potentials were recorded along the entire ablation line upon achievement of complete isthmus block in all @entity1 . The DPI in 9 @entity1 treated with @entity2643 was longer than in the other @entity1 (147 +/- 32 msec vs 119 +/- 19 msec, P < 0.001). The DPI increased as the pacing cycle length shortened in @entity1 treated with @entity2643 , but not in the other @entity1 . At all pacing cycle lengths, @entity3044 shortened the DPI to a greater extent in the @entity1 treated with @entity2643 than in the other @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity2643 results in rate-dependent prolongation of the DPI during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. @entity3044 shortens the DPI despite the presence of complete isthmus block, and this effect is accentuated in the presence of @entity2643 .

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity2643 on the double potential interval after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus.

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity737 ( @entity737 ) is commonly used to treat @entity1 with documented sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). @entity943 recurrence rates in these @entity1 are high, but which @entity1 will receive a therapy and the forms of @entity943 recurrence ( @entity1165 or @entity2224 ) are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The therapy delivered by the @entity737 was examined in 449 @entity1 randomized to @entity737 therapy in the @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) Trial. Events triggering @entity1457 or antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) were reviewed for @entity943 diagnosis, clinical symptoms, activity at the onset of the @entity943 , and appropriateness and results of therapy. Both shock and @entity855 therapies were frequent by 2 years, with 68% of @entity1 receiving some therapy or having an @entity204 . An appropriate shock was delivered in 53% of @entity1 , and @entity855 was delivered in 68% of @entity1 who had @entity855 activated. The first @entity943 treated in follow-up was diagnosed as @entity1165 (63%), @entity2224 (13%), @entity4710 (18%), unknown @entity943 (3%), or due to @entity737 or inappropriate sensing (3%). Acceleration of an @entity943 by the @entity737 occurred in 8% of @entity1 who received any therapy. No physical activity consistently preceded @entity943 , nor did any single clinical factor predict the symptoms of the @entity943 . CONCLUSION: Delivery of @entity737 therapy in @entity2132 @entity1 was common, primarily due to @entity1165 . Inappropriate @entity737 therapy occurred frequently. Use of @entity737 therapy as a surrogate endpoint for @entity204 in clinical trials should be avoided.

title: Analysis of @entity737 therapy in the @entity2132 ( XXXX ) Trial.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD malfunction', 'ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators', 'AVID']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death', 'death']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['AVID']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity737 ( @entity737 ) is commonly used to treat @entity1 with documented sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). @entity943 recurrence rates in these @entity1 are high, but which @entity1 will receive a therapy and the forms of @entity943 recurrence ( @entity1165 or @entity2224 ) are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The therapy delivered by the @entity737 was examined in 449 @entity1 randomized to @entity737 therapy in the @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) Trial. Events triggering @entity1457 or antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) were reviewed for @entity943 diagnosis, clinical symptoms, activity at the onset of the @entity943 , and appropriateness and results of therapy. Both shock and @entity855 therapies were frequent by 2 years, with 68% of @entity1 receiving some therapy or having an @entity204 . An appropriate shock was delivered in 53% of @entity1 , and @entity855 was delivered in 68% of @entity1 who had @entity855 activated. The first @entity943 treated in follow-up was diagnosed as @entity1165 (63%), @entity2224 (13%), @entity4710 (18%), unknown @entity943 (3%), or due to @entity737 or inappropriate sensing (3%). Acceleration of an @entity943 by the @entity737 occurred in 8% of @entity1 who received any therapy. No physical activity consistently preceded @entity943 , nor did any single clinical factor predict the symptoms of the @entity943 . CONCLUSION: Delivery of @entity737 therapy in @entity2132 @entity1 was common, primarily due to @entity1165 . Inappropriate @entity737 therapy occurred frequently. Use of @entity737 therapy as a surrogate endpoint for @entity204 in clinical trials should be avoided.

title: Analysis of @entity737 therapy in the XXXX ( @entity2132 ) Trial.

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity737 ( @entity737 ) is commonly used to treat @entity1 with documented sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). @entity943 recurrence rates in these @entity1 are high, but which @entity1 will receive a therapy and the forms of @entity943 recurrence ( @entity1165 or @entity2224 ) are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The therapy delivered by the @entity737 was examined in 449 @entity1 randomized to @entity737 therapy in the @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) Trial. Events triggering @entity1457 or antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) were reviewed for @entity943 diagnosis, clinical symptoms, activity at the onset of the @entity943 , and appropriateness and results of therapy. Both shock and @entity855 therapies were frequent by 2 years, with 68% of @entity1 receiving some therapy or having an @entity204 . An appropriate shock was delivered in 53% of @entity1 , and @entity855 was delivered in 68% of @entity1 who had @entity855 activated. The first @entity943 treated in follow-up was diagnosed as @entity1165 (63%), @entity2224 (13%), @entity4710 (18%), unknown @entity943 (3%), or due to @entity737 or inappropriate sensing (3%). Acceleration of an @entity943 by the @entity737 occurred in 8% of @entity1 who received any therapy. No physical activity consistently preceded @entity943 , nor did any single clinical factor predict the symptoms of the @entity943 . CONCLUSION: Delivery of @entity737 therapy in @entity2132 @entity1 was common, primarily due to @entity1165 . Inappropriate @entity737 therapy occurred frequently. Use of @entity737 therapy as a surrogate endpoint for @entity204 in clinical trials should be avoided.

title: Analysis of XXXX therapy in the @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) Trial.

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillator']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of treatment with repeated injections of @entity3216 (a @entity935 D2 antagonist) on prolactin secretion and induced @entity5535 in ovariectomized and intact adult mares and to verify if this induction was possible at the beginning and at the end of the birth season. Two experiments were carried out in September [experiment (expt) 1], and in March (expt 2), in France (48 degrees N). In expt 1, three groups of five mares were tested: intact-control, intact-treated and ovariectomized-treated mares. In expt 2, mares previously subjected to artificial photoperiod were assigned in two groups: four intact-control and five intact-treated mares. The cyclicity of intact mares was previously synchronized with PGF2alpha injections, then all the mares were in the follicular phase at the beginning of treatment. @entity3216 was intramuscularly injected (0.5 mg/kg of BW), twice a day. Mares were milked at 7:30, 11:45, 16:00 and 20:15 hours. Blood samples were collected every day during the treatment for @entity1420 , total @entity2931 and prolactin assays. In the two experiments, only treated intact mares produced milk, with a large inter-animal variability. Prolactin increase after @entity3216 treatment was not so great in the ovariectomized-treated mares as in the intact-treated mares. The total correlations between prolactin, @entity1420 , @entity2931 plasma concentrations and daily milk production were significant (0.57, 0.25, 0.17 respectively). This induction of @entity5535 can be performed during the entire birth season in intact mares, but not in ovariectomized mares, indicating that @entity230 are necessary for this induction in mares treated by @entity935 D2 antagonist.

title: XXXX with a @entity935 antagonist in mares: different responses between ovariectomized and intact mares.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulpiride', 'sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5535 :: ('MESH:D007775', 'Disease') :: ['lactation']

answer: @entity5535 :: (MESH:D007775,Disease) :: ['Induced lactation']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of treatment with repeated injections of @entity3216 (a @entity935 D2 antagonist) on prolactin secretion and induced @entity5535 in ovariectomized and intact adult mares and to verify if this induction was possible at the beginning and at the end of the birth season. Two experiments were carried out in September [experiment (expt) 1], and in March (expt 2), in France (48 degrees N). In expt 1, three groups of five mares were tested: intact-control, intact-treated and ovariectomized-treated mares. In expt 2, mares previously subjected to artificial photoperiod were assigned in two groups: four intact-control and five intact-treated mares. The cyclicity of intact mares was previously synchronized with PGF2alpha injections, then all the mares were in the follicular phase at the beginning of treatment. @entity3216 was intramuscularly injected (0.5 mg/kg of BW), twice a day. Mares were milked at 7:30, 11:45, 16:00 and 20:15 hours. Blood samples were collected every day during the treatment for @entity1420 , total @entity2931 and prolactin assays. In the two experiments, only treated intact mares produced milk, with a large inter-animal variability. Prolactin increase after @entity3216 treatment was not so great in the ovariectomized-treated mares as in the intact-treated mares. The total correlations between prolactin, @entity1420 , @entity2931 plasma concentrations and daily milk production were significant (0.57, 0.25, 0.17 respectively). This induction of @entity5535 can be performed during the entire birth season in intact mares, but not in ovariectomized mares, indicating that @entity230 are necessary for this induction in mares treated by @entity935 D2 antagonist.

title: @entity5535 with a XXXX antagonist in mares: different responses between ovariectomized and intact mares.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 59-year-old @entity1 who was hospitalized at our department for @entity1321 . Contrast enhanced abdominal CT showed a @entity5 invading the left pelvic wall and multiple metastatic @entity99 . Colonoscopy showed a type-2 @entity5 in the rectosigmoid region. The @entity1 underwent sigmoid colostomy 3 days after admission. Postoperative upper @entity344 showed a type 3 @entity5 in the fornix. From the above findings, the @entity1 was diagnosed with unresectable @entity356 with multiple hepatic metastases, and systemic chemotherapy was initiated. The first line treatment was two courses of @entity11730 , but it was discontinued due to @entity1726 . FOLFIRI was begun as the second line treatment. After 5 courses of FOLFIRI, upper @entity344 showed a marked reduction in @entity5 size. Twelve courses of FOLFIRI chemotherapy were performed in total. Subsequently, 11 courses of mFOLFOX6 and 1 course of RPMI were performed, but the @entity1 died from @entity298 . However, the @entity1819 had been controlled well after the second line treatment. The findings of the present study suggested that FOLFIRI could be an effective treatment for unresectable multiple advanced @entity5 of the stomach and @entity14 .

title: [A case of unresectable and multiple advanced primary @entity5 of the stomach and rectosigmoid colon with hepatic metastases successfully treated with FOLFIRI for local control of a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'rectosigmoid tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesion']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and rectosigmoid cancers']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['gastric lesion']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 59-year-old @entity1 who was hospitalized at our department for @entity1321 . Contrast enhanced abdominal CT showed a @entity5 invading the left pelvic wall and multiple metastatic @entity99 . Colonoscopy showed a type-2 @entity5 in the rectosigmoid region. The @entity1 underwent sigmoid colostomy 3 days after admission. Postoperative upper @entity344 showed a type 3 @entity5 in the fornix. From the above findings, the @entity1 was diagnosed with unresectable @entity356 with multiple hepatic metastases, and systemic chemotherapy was initiated. The first line treatment was two courses of @entity11730 , but it was discontinued due to @entity1726 . FOLFIRI was begun as the second line treatment. After 5 courses of FOLFIRI, upper @entity344 showed a marked reduction in @entity5 size. Twelve courses of FOLFIRI chemotherapy were performed in total. Subsequently, 11 courses of mFOLFOX6 and 1 course of RPMI were performed, but the @entity1 died from @entity298 . However, the @entity1819 had been controlled well after the second line treatment. The findings of the present study suggested that FOLFIRI could be an effective treatment for unresectable multiple advanced @entity5 of the stomach and @entity14 .

title: [A case of unresectable and multiple advanced primary XXXX of the stomach and rectosigmoid colon with hepatic metastases successfully treated with FOLFIRI for local control of a @entity1819 ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: Since July 2000, we have been performing minilaparotomy as a minimally invasive alternative to laparoscopic surgery for @entity694 , and we reported the technique and short-term oncological results. In the present study, the clinical outcomes of minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of stage 0 and I @entity694 were evaluated. One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 underwent curative resection of stage 0 and I @entity694 via minilaparotomy (skin incision, >= 7 cm) between July 2000 and March 2009. Of the 127 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 underwent an additional resection after EMR. There were 84 @entity1 and 43 @entity1 with a median age of 67 years. Their median body mass index was 22.6 kg/m2. ASA stage was stage I in 100, stage II in 12, and stage III in 15. Thirty-nine cases had received a prior abdominal surgery. The median operation time was 110 min and median @entity190 was 50 mL. The D1, D2 and D3 lymph node dissection was performed in 37, 63 and 27 cases, respectively. The minilaparotomy approach was successfully performed in 120 out of 127 @entity1 . Three of 7 cases failed to affect the adhesion caused by prior abdominal surgery. The ratio of 5-year overall survival rate was 95%, and two cases of stage I had developed a @entity5 recurrence ( @entity3 to liver and para-aortic lymph nodes), one @entity1 died of para-aortic lymph nodes recurrence. A minilaparotomy approach to the curative resection for @entity694 is feasible and safe, and would be oncologically an adequate procedure.

title: [The clinical outcome of minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of stage 0 and I XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A single-center, prospective, consecutive case series of @entity1 undergoing epidural lavage before the treatment of @entity614 due to @entity890 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a novel complex of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts clinical response to epidural @entity134 injection (ESI) for the indication of @entity614 from lumbar @entity3976 ( @entity3976 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: ESI for @entity614 due to @entity3976 is widely used despite variable effectiveness for this indication. With increased attention aimed at cost containment, it would be beneficial to identify those in whom ESI may be helpful. There are currently no accurate diagnostic tests to predict response to @entity615 . We have previously investigated biomarkers of @entity1797 associated with @entity614 . METHODS: We embarked to determine whether a molecular complex of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts clinical response to ESI for the indication of @entity614 from @entity3976 . This prospective study was conducted at a single center and included 26 @entity1 with @entity158 and magnetic resonance imaging positive for @entity3976 , who elected ESI. Epidural lavage with physiologic saline was performed immediately before ESI. The lavage fluid was assayed for the fibronectin-aggrecan complex (FAC) by using a heterogeneous sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with the interval improvement in the @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 instrument (SF-36) after injection compared with baseline. RESULTS: The mean improvement from baseline @entity2483 in @entity1 with the FAC was 22.9 (SD, 12.4) and without the complex was 0.64 (SD, 3.97; P < 0.001). Differences in total SF-36 improvement were also highly significant (P < 0.001). The presence of the FAC predicts a clinically significant increase in @entity2483 after lumbar ESI by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis (area under the curve = 0.97; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in age (P = 0.25), sex (P = 0.84), laterality (P = 0.06), lumbar spinal level (P = 0.75), or payer type (worker's compensation vs. private insurance; P = 0.90) between groups with and without the marker. CONCLUSION: A molecular complex of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts response to lumbar ESI for @entity614 with @entity3976 . The biomarker is accurate, objective, and not affected by demographic or psychosocial variables in this series.

title: Outcome of lumbar epidural XXXX injection is predicted by assay of a complex of fibronectin and aggrecan from epidural lavage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniated nucleus pulposus', 'HNP']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['ESI in back pain and sciatica syndromes']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathic pain']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['physical component summary', 'PCS']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: We investigated whether individuals with @entity717 will demonstrate stimulus classes after observing another individual demonstrate the prerequisite conditional discriminations. In Experiment 1, @entity1 learned conditional discriminations among dictated words, pictures, and printed words. They also observed a model without disabilities demonstrate conditional discriminations among a different set of dictated words, pictures, and printed words. The classes assigned to each @entity1 belonged to a larger superordinate category, as did the classes assigned to each model. The superordinate categories were different for @entity1 and models. All @entity1 subsequently demonstrated full stimulus classes with the stimuli involved in direct training: They named pictures, read printed words, and matched pictures and words to one another. However, based on observing a model, none of the @entity1 demonstrated full stimulus classes. In Experiment 2, @entity1 learned conditional discriminations among the stimuli in three sets, and observed a model's training with the stimuli in three different sets. The classes assigned to each @entity1 belonged to the same larger superordinate category as did those assigned to their respective model. All @entity1 subsequently demonstrated full stimulus classes with the stimuli involved in direct training. They also demonstrated full classes with at least one of their model's sets of training stimuli. When full stimulus classes did not occur from observing a model, @entity1 named the model's pictures, read the model's printed words, or matched the model's pictures and words. Stimulus class technology, coupled with the opportunity to observe another individual perform a skill, may be an economical and efficient means of teaching @entity1 with @entity717 .

title: Observational learning and the formation of classes of reading skills by individuals with autism and other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'participant', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['developmental disabilities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether two dietary weight loss interventions--the dietary approaches to stop @entity101 (DASH) program and a low-fat diet program--would be cost-effective in Australia, and to assess their potential to reduce the disease burden related to excess body weight. DESIGN: We constructed a multi-state life-table-based Markov model in which the distribution of body weight influences the incidence of @entity64 , @entity741 , @entity101 @entity299 , @entity6 , @entity571 , @entity0 , @entity694 , @entity703 . The target population was the overweight and @entity28 adult population in Australia in 2003. We used a lifetime horizon for health effects and costs, and a health sector perspective for costs. We populated the model with data identified from Medline and Cochrane searches, Australian Bureau of Statistics published catalogues, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, and Department of Health and Ageing. OUTCOME MEASURES: Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and proportions of disease burden avoided. ICERs under AUS 50,000 per DALY are considered cost-effective. RESULTS: The DASH and low-fat diet programs have ICERs of AUS 12,000 per DALY (95% uncertainty range: Cost-saving- 68,000) and AUS 13,000 per DALY (Cost-saving--130,000), respectively. Neither intervention reduced the body weight-related disease burden at population level by more than 0.1%. The sensitivity analysis showed that when @entity1 ' costs for time and travel are included, the ICERs increase to AUS 75,000 per DALY for DASH and AUS 49,000 per DALY for the low-fat diet. Modest weight loss during the interventions, post-intervention weight regain and low participation limit the health benefits. CONCLUSION: Diet and exercise interventions to reduce @entity28 are potentially cost-effective but have a negligible impact on the total body weight-related disease burden.

title: Cost-effectiveness of diet and exercise interventions to reduce overweight and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['post-menopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer and kidney cancer']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity438 are polymorphic focal arterial dilations, which harbor a variable risk of @entity397 leading to high morbidity and mortality. Increased detection of incidental @entity439 by non-invasive imaging has created a need for @entity397 risk stratification tools, in addition to simple @entity439 size, to guide optimal treatment strategy. To this end, shape analysis has emerged as a possible differentiator of @entity397 likelihood. A novel set of morphological parameters based on the writhe number are introduced here to describe @entity439 and discriminate @entity397 status. Classification in 117 @entity439 (52 ruptured and 65 unruptured) is based on statistical analysis of writhe number distribution on the @entity439 surface. @entity439 are analyzed both in isolation and including a portion of their parent vessel. Sidewall and bifurcation @entity439 subtypes were found to be best described by disjoint sets of shape parameters, yielding a morphological dichotomy between the two @entity439 classes. Writhe number analysis results in 86.7% accuracy on sidewall (SW) @entity439 and 71.2% accuracy on bifurcation (BF) @entity439 . This represents a 12% accuracy increase for both subtypes compared to the performance of seven established 2D and 3D indexes. The results support the utility of writhe number @entity439 shape analysis, with potential clinical value in @entity397 risk stratification.

title: 3D shape analysis of @entity438 using the writhe number as a discriminant for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: @entity438 are polymorphic focal arterial dilations, which harbor a variable risk of @entity397 leading to high morbidity and mortality. Increased detection of incidental @entity439 by non-invasive imaging has created a need for @entity397 risk stratification tools, in addition to simple @entity439 size, to guide optimal treatment strategy. To this end, shape analysis has emerged as a possible differentiator of @entity397 likelihood. A novel set of morphological parameters based on the writhe number are introduced here to describe @entity439 and discriminate @entity397 status. Classification in 117 @entity439 (52 ruptured and 65 unruptured) is based on statistical analysis of writhe number distribution on the @entity439 surface. @entity439 are analyzed both in isolation and including a portion of their parent vessel. Sidewall and bifurcation @entity439 subtypes were found to be best described by disjoint sets of shape parameters, yielding a morphological dichotomy between the two @entity439 classes. Writhe number analysis results in 86.7% accuracy on sidewall (SW) @entity439 and 71.2% accuracy on bifurcation (BF) @entity439 . This represents a 12% accuracy increase for both subtypes compared to the performance of seven established 2D and 3D indexes. The results support the utility of writhe number @entity439 shape analysis, with potential clinical value in @entity397 risk stratification.

title: 3D shape analysis of XXXX using the writhe number as a discriminant for @entity397 .

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate two psychometric properties of SF-36, namely unidimensionality and reliability. METHODS: The data are from three cohorts in the HALCyon collaborative research programme into healthy ageing: Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936 (n  =  428), Hertfordshire Ageing Study (n  =  358) and Hertfordshire Cohort Study (n  =  3,216). The Mokken scaling model was applied to each sub-scale of SF-36 to evaluate unidimensionality as indicated by scalability. The lower bound for internal consistency reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: All six sub-scales of SF-36, with the exception of general health (GH) and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), demonstrated strong scalability (0.5   <=  H  <  1). The results were consistent across all 3 cohorts. Both GH and @entity1032 showed medium scalability (0.4   <=  H  <0.55), although individual items 'sick easier..', 'as healthy as..' and 'expect to get worse' of the GH sub-scale and 'nervous', 'happy' in the @entity1032 sub-scale had low scalability (H  <  0.4) in the oldest cohort (aged 73-83). Cronbach's alphas for all sub-scales were between 0.70 and 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: The unidimensionality and reliability of the sub-scales of SF-36 are sufficient to make this a useful measure of health-related quality of life in older @entity1 . Caution is needed when interpreting the results for GH and @entity1032 in the oldest cohort due to the poor unidimensionality.

title: How useful are the SF-36 sub-scales in older XXXX ? Mokken scaling of data from the HALCyon programme.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The observed bimodal patterns of @entity0 incidence in the U.S. suggested that @entity0 may be viewed as more than one biological entity. We studied the factors potentially contributing to this phenomenon, specifically focusing on how disease heterogeneity could be linked to breast @entity105 mechanisms. Using empirical analyses and population-based biologically motivated modeling, age-specific patterns of incidence of @entity9962 from the SEER registry (1990-2003) were analyzed for heterogeneity and characteristics of @entity105 , stratified by race, stage, grade, and @entity172 (ER)/ @entity1420 (PR) receptor status. The heterogeneity of @entity0 age patterns decreased after stratification by grade, especially for @entity5 . Stratification by ER/PR status further reduced the heterogeneity, especially for ER(+)/PR(-) and ER(-)/(-) @entity5 ; however, the residual heterogeneity was still observed. The number of rate-limiting events of @entity105 and the latency of @entity1137 differed, decreasing from grade I to III, with poorly differentiated @entity5 associated with the least number of @entity105 stages and the shortest latency. @entity5 grades play important role in bimodal incidence of @entity0 and have distinct mechanisms of @entity105 . Race and @entity5 subtype could play modifying role. ER/PR status contributes to the observed heterogeneity, but is subdominant to @entity5 grade. Further studies on sources of "remaining" heterogeneity of population with @entity0 (such as genetic/epigenetic characteristics) are necessary. The results of this study could suggest stratification rather than unification of @entity0 prevention strategies, risk assessment, and treatment.

title: @entity0 as heterogeneous disease: contributing factors and XXXX mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ductal and lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['ductal and lobular breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade I and III tumors', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: The observed bimodal patterns of @entity0 incidence in the U.S. suggested that @entity0 may be viewed as more than one biological entity. We studied the factors potentially contributing to this phenomenon, specifically focusing on how disease heterogeneity could be linked to breast @entity105 mechanisms. Using empirical analyses and population-based biologically motivated modeling, age-specific patterns of incidence of @entity9962 from the SEER registry (1990-2003) were analyzed for heterogeneity and characteristics of @entity105 , stratified by race, stage, grade, and @entity172 (ER)/ @entity1420 (PR) receptor status. The heterogeneity of @entity0 age patterns decreased after stratification by grade, especially for @entity5 . Stratification by ER/PR status further reduced the heterogeneity, especially for ER(+)/PR(-) and ER(-)/(-) @entity5 ; however, the residual heterogeneity was still observed. The number of rate-limiting events of @entity105 and the latency of @entity1137 differed, decreasing from grade I to III, with poorly differentiated @entity5 associated with the least number of @entity105 stages and the shortest latency. @entity5 grades play important role in bimodal incidence of @entity0 and have distinct mechanisms of @entity105 . Race and @entity5 subtype could play modifying role. ER/PR status contributes to the observed heterogeneity, but is subdominant to @entity5 grade. Further studies on sources of "remaining" heterogeneity of population with @entity0 (such as genetic/epigenetic characteristics) are necessary. The results of this study could suggest stratification rather than unification of @entity0 prevention strategies, risk assessment, and treatment.

title: XXXX as heterogeneous disease: contributing factors and @entity105 mechanisms.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: Describe the clinical presentation and management of tracheoceles. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review and review of the medical literature. RESULTS: A 56 year old female @entity1 presented with progressive @entity7364 and history of benign thyroid nodules. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed a severely paretic right true vocal cord. Computed tomography revealed a right sided air filled sac in the tracheoesophageal groove suspicious for causing compression of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. The @entity1 underwent an elective right hemithyroidectomy and resection of the air filled sac. Post operative pathology of the air filled sax was consistent with a tracheocele. A laryngoscopy performed 6 months postoperatively demonstrated recovery of right cord function. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheoceles are an uncommon entity first described in 1846 by Rokitansky (1) with only a paucity of case reports in the literature describing the surgical management and treatment of this disease. Herein, we report a @entity1 who presented with @entity7364 from a tracheocele in the right tracheoesophageal groove who subsequently underwent surgical resection ultimately improving vocal cord function.

title: Tracheocele: an unusual cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['dysphonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity10070 which predominantly affects the lower lung fields is relatively rare. We performed this study to clarify the clinical manifestations of this type of @entity370 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Over a period of 13 years, we diagnosed @entity10070 in 119 @entity1 . Among these, we reviewed the clinical characteristics of 9 @entity1 (3 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 , mean age 62 years) with @entity358 predominantly affecting the lower lung fields. RESULTS: Four @entity1 had a history of dust inhalation and 6 had symptoms of @entity1353 . All @entity1 had @entity3217 and 5 had cutaneous lesions. Serum @entity2355 levels were elevated in all @entity1 , whereas @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) levels were elevated in 3. Pulmonary function tests revealed @entity850 in 4 @entity1 , and decreased diffusion capacity in 7. Chest CT findings in the lower lung fields revealed bronchovascular thickening, micronodular opacities in the vessels and chest wall, and interlobular septal thickening in 8 @entity1 ; ground-glass opacities in 5; curvilinear shadows in 4; and patchy shadows, traction @entity4595 , and @entity1143 in 3. Histopathologic findings of lung biopsy specimens featured granulomas in all @entity1 , and pulmonary interstitium @entity82 and small round-cell infiltration in the alveoli of most @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity370 affecting the lower lung fields often had symptoms of @entity1353 , extrapulmonary lesions in the eye and/or on the skin, and elevated serum @entity2355 levels but not @entity1289 . Chest CT showed findings typical of @entity370 , such as lymphatic distribution, but also showed unusual findings such as ground-glass opacities, curvilinear shadows, patchy shadows, traction @entity4595 and @entity1143 . We speculated that 1 @entity1 with ground-glass opacities and traction @entity4595 without lymphatic distribution on CT, and fibroblastic foci with @entity2416 histopathologically, had complications of a different type of @entity401 .

title: [Nine cases of XXXX predominantly affecting the lower lung fields].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting-enzyme']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['active alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary sarcoidosis', 'pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study and compare the effect of end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy between the recipient's musculocutaneous nerve and the donor's ulnar nerve, and to observe the regeneration of peripheral nerve and muscle refection. METHODS: Sixty male SD @entity35 (weighing 200-250 g) were randomized into 2 groups (n = 30 per group), and made the @entity128 model. In group A, the donor's nerve was transected for end-to-end neurorrhaphy. In group B, an epineurial window was exposed and the distal end of the muscle branch of musculocutaneous nerve was sutured to the side of the ulnar nerve. Electromyography was performed, biceps wet weight ratio, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and count of myelinated nerve fiber (CMF) were measured at 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The behavior changes of the @entity35 were observed. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and the latency amplitude ( @entity860 ) of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (P < 0.05); at 12 weeks, there was no significant difference in the NCV and @entity860 between groups A and B (P > 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in biceps wet weight ratio and muscle fiber cross-sectional area between groups A and B (P > 0.05). At 4 weeks, the CMF was 230.15 +/- 60.25 in group A and 160.73 +/- 48.77 in group B, showing significant difference (P < 0.05); at 12 weeks, it was 380.26 +/- 10.01 in group A and 355.63 +/- 28.51 in group B, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy have consistent long-term effect in repair of @entity2685 .

title: [Efficacy comparison of end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['musculocutaneous nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus upper trunk injury']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus upper trunk injury']


abstract: Normal saline or air is used to identify loss of resistance during identification of the epidural space for combined @entity1337 . Following epidural needle placement using air for loss of resistance, up to 80% of parturients move, grimace, vocalise or experience paraesthesia or dysaesthesia during subsequent dural puncture by a spinal needle. We compared the effects of saline versus air for loss of resistance on the occurrence of these subjective and objective responses during thecal penetration. With institutional approval, 55 parturients presenting for labour analgesia were studied. After infiltration of @entity3303 at an L2-L5 vertebral interspace, a 17 gauge Tuohy epidural needle attached to a 5 ml loss of resistance syringe containing either saline or air was inserted and advanced until loss of resistance was identified by injection of 3 to 5 ml of content. During subsequent 'needle-through-needle' insertion of a 27 gauge pencil-point spinal needle through the meninges, all subjective and objective @entity1 responses were recorded, as well as each @entity1 's reply to the question "Did you feel that?". The two groups (n = 28, n = 27) were comparable. In those given saline and air respectively, 5 (18%) and 12 (44%) parturients responded to and/or acknowledged having perceived dural puncture (P < 0.005). Overall, 7 and 31 (P < 0.0005) subjective and objective responses occurred during dural puncture in those given saline and air, respectively. The study found that use of saline to determine loss of resistance is associated with fewer @entity1 responses at the moment of thecal penetration during 'needle-through-needle' placement of the spinal needle at combined @entity1337 .

title: Loss of resistance to saline reduces responses accompanying spinal needle insertion during institution of 'needle-through-needle' combined XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['spinal-epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['spinal-epidural analgesia']


abstract: The relative roles of supportive care and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of @entity167 withdrawal are not established. A reliable and validated withdrawal severity assessment scale (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for @entity167 , CIWA-A) was developed to assess initially and then follow the clinical course of 38 hospitalized chronic alcoholics requiring hospitalization for withdrawal but without serious concurrent medical or surgical problems. Supportive care, consisting of standardized half-hourly @entity1 assessment (CIWA-A) and nursing care, was used as the initial treatment for all @entity1 . Twenty-eight (74%) @entity1 with clinical supportive care successes within 8 hours, 75% within 4 hours. Two responding @entity1 subsequently developed evidence of withdrawal at 48 hours ( @entity1833 ) and 72 hours ( @entity410 ). Ten @entity1 (26%) did not respond to supportive care and required drug therapy in addition. Responders to supportive care drink more by history and have less severe @entity409 than nonresponders. There are no other apparent predictors of the @entity1 who require drug therapy. Three quarters of hospitalized @entity1 , without serious medical complications, in @entity167 withdrawal respond to intensive supportive care. However, pharmacotherapy is essential for nonresponders and @entity1 with @entity1833 .

title: Development of optimal treatment tactics for XXXX withdrawal. I. Assessment and effectiveness of supportive care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity64 . Recently, we reported that @entity18518   / @entity73063    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity63 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Adult male @entity35 were subjected to 2   h of @entity2500 . Twenty-four hours after @entity2500 , @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity1188 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity1391 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity63 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity2806 after @entity2500 .

title: Dental pulp-derived XXXX   / @entity73063    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal @entity2806 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['transient middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'TMCAO']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity18518 :: (29583(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD31']


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity64 . Recently, we reported that @entity18518   / @entity73063    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity63 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Adult male @entity35 were subjected to 2   h of @entity2500 . Twenty-four hours after @entity2500 , @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity1188 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity1391 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity63 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity2806 after @entity2500 .

title: Dental pulp-derived @entity18518   / @entity73063    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity64 . Recently, we reported that @entity18518   / @entity73063    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity63 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Adult male @entity35 were subjected to 2   h of @entity2500 . Twenty-four hours after @entity2500 , @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity1188 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity1391 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity63 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity2806 after @entity2500 .

title: Dental pulp-derived @entity18518   / XXXX    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal @entity2806 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity73063 :: (78967(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD146']


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity64 . Recently, we reported that @entity18518   / @entity73063    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity63 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Adult male @entity35 were subjected to 2   h of @entity2500 . Twenty-four hours after @entity2500 , @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity1188 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity1391 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity63 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity18518   / @entity73063    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity2806 after @entity2500 .

title: Dental pulp-derived @entity18518   / @entity73063    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal @entity2806 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the effects of a pros enhancing intervention on intention to uptake @entity5 screening. It was hypothesized that the pros enhancement session (compared to an education session) would affect intentions of preintentional @entity1 , whereas it was expected to have negligible effects among @entity1 in intentional and actional stages of the health action process approach (HAPA). Thus, we tested the HAPA using stage-matched and stage-mismatched interventions. Further, a change in decisional balance was assumed to mediate the relationship between the group assignment and intention, with age acting as the moderator. DESIGN AND METHODS: Respondents (1,436 @entity1 , aged 18-60) were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control condition and filled out questionnaires before and directly after the manipulation (in one web-based session). RESULTS: Direct effects of the group assignment were observed only among preintentional @entity1 . Across the stages, however, change in decisional balance mediated the effects of the group assignment on the intention to uptake screening. Further, among @entity1 in the preintentional stage, this mediation became significant only for @entity1 aged 35 or older. CONCLUSIONS: Although direct effects are in line with stage assumptions of the HAPA, meditational analysis among pre- and post-intentional @entity1 indicated that similar processes accounted for post-manipulation intention. Future research testing stage models should account for the mediating processes, which explain the effects of the intervention.

title: Enhancing intentions to attend XXXX screening with a stage-matched intervention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Topically applied @entity1216 and hyaluronan have many studies supporting their use to enhance oral wound healing. @entity13579 is widely used topically to promote epithelial proliferation and wound healing, with very little scientific evidence to support such uses. This study investigated and compared the influence of these agents on the healing of intra-oral excisional wounds with large epithelial and connective tissue defects. METHODS: Excisional wounds, 3 mm in diameter, were made at the centre of the palate of 125 @entity35 male albino @entity35 . Five animals constituted the baseline group at time 0. The remaining animals were divided into four experimental and one control groups, in which @entity5164 gel 0.2% (Perio. @entity73064  ), hyaluronan gel (Gengigel  ), @entity13579 0.5% in vehicle gel, vehicle gel alone and nothing were applied daily to the wounds. The wound areas were measured photographically and the epithelialization rates were determined histologically at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-surgery. RESULTS: The mean wound area and mean distance between the epithelial margins decreased significantly with time in all experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). A significant rate of wound area reduction was observed following the use of Perio. @entity73064   and Gengigel   at 7 and 14 days. Perio. @entity73064   showed a significant rate of wound epithelialization at 7 days. @entity13579 did not positively or negatively affect wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: None of the tested agents had a negative effect on the rate of wound healing when applied on an excisional wound with epithelial and connective tissue defect. Positive results were achieved with Perio. @entity73064   and Gengigel  .

title: Effects of topically applied agents on intra-oral wound healing in a XXXX model: a clinical and histomorphometric study.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity13579 :: ('MESH:D000481', 'Chemical') :: ['Allantoin', 'allantoin']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine digluconate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Experiments have been done to establish whether the radiation-resistant or A cell has a specific function in the initiation of an immune response in @entity19 to @entity742 erythrocytes (SRBC). All previous demonstrations using accessory (A) cells have involved in vitro assays and are possibly explainable as tissue culture artifacts. @entity12419 cells are essential, it should be possible to demonstrate their requirement in vivo. Therefore we first established such conditions. Two methods were found for creating an @entity1358 in vivo: (a) A cells disappear gradually from the spleens of irradiated @entity19 , presumably by migration since A-cell function was shown not to be decreased by irradiation. If 3 days elapse between irradiation and transplantation of mixtures of bone marrow and thymus cells (which provide B and T but few A cells), the usual synergistic response does not occur. Addition of large numbers of freshly irradiated spleen cells to the mixture of bone marrow and thymus completely restores the immune response. (b) Injection of 10(10) @entity1641 erythrocytes into @entity19 suppresses A-cell activity in these @entity19 24 hr later; a much reduced response to SRBC is obtained when they are given at this time. The response can be partially restored if irradiated spleen cells are given with the SRBC. This observation formed the basis for a quantitative in vivo assay for A cells in which the magnitude of restoration by various suspensions of irradiated cells was used to estimate the A-cell activity of that suspension. A quantitative in vitro assay for A cells was also developed. It was essential for this assay that the total cell number, B-cell number, and T-cell number be kept constant and that only the number of A cells be allowed to vary. Only under these conditions was the response a linear function of the number of A cells added. If the in vivo and in vitro assays are detecting the same class of radiation-resistant cells, the physical properties of the cells active in each assay should be identical. Spleen cells were separated on the basis of both density and sedimentation velocity. Fractions from both separation methods were tested for their content of A cells using both the in vivo and in vitro assays. The density and sedimentation profiles of A cells were similar in both assays. The demonstration that a radiation-resistant cell is required in vivo and that this cell has properties identical to the radiation-resistant cell required in vitro indicates that this cell (the A cell) is directly involved in the initiation of an immune response to erythrocyte antigens.

title: In vivo requirement for a radiation-resistant cells in the immune response to XXXX erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['A-cell deficiency']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum in @entity1 with @entity2474 due to genetically proved   -sarcoglycan ( @entity20142 -M-D) deficiency. DESIGN: @entity1 with documented @entity20142 -M-D undergoing bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum were recruited. Standardized assessments of M-D were videorecorded before surgery and 6 to 9 months and 15 to 18 months after surgery, using the movement and disability subscales of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and the Unified @entity2045 Rating Scale. The analysis was based on blinded evaluation of the recordings. SETTING: @entity717 unit in a university hospital in Paris. @entity1 : Five consecutive @entity1 with documented @entity20142 -M-D. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2045 and @entity3519 scores at follow-up. RESULTS: The median myoclonus score decreased from 76 before surgery (range, 38-116) to 10 at 6 to 9 months after surgery (range, 6-31). The median @entity3519 score decreased from 30.0 before surgery (range, 18.5-53.0) to 4.5 after surgery (range, 3.5-16.0). Disability was also improved and symptoms remained stable between the postoperative evaluations. No adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum is safe and highly effective in this homogeneous population of @entity1 with @entity20142 -M-D. This therapeutic option should therefore be considered for @entity1 with severe, drug-resistant forms of the disorder.

title: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pallidum for XXXX due to   -sarcoglycan mutations: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['Myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2474 :: ('MESH:C536096', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus-dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement disorder']

answer: @entity2474 :: (MESH:C536096,Disease) :: ['myoclonus-dystonia']


abstract: Keloids and @entity2805 ( @entity2805 ) are the result of overgrowth of fibrous tissue, following healing of a @entity130 , and cause morbidity. There are several treatment modalities which are useful for the management of keloids, though no single modality is completely effective. The most commonly used modalities are pressure, @entity1346 gel sheet, intralesional @entity230 , @entity1487 (5 FU), cryotherapy, surgical excision, and lasers. They may be used either singly or, as is done more commonly, in combinations. Any qualified dermatologist who has attained postgraduate qualification in dermatology can treat keloids and @entity2805 . Some procedures, such as cryosurgery and surgical excision, may require additional training in dermatologic surgery. Most modalities for keloids, including intralesional injections and mechanical therapies such as pressure and @entity1346 gel based products, can be given/prescribed on OPD basis. @entity954 requires a minor operation theater with the facility to handle @entity341 . It is important to counsel the @entity1 about the nature of the problem. One should realize that keloid will only improve and not disappear completely. @entity1 should be informed about the high recurrence rates. Different modalities carry risk of adverse effects and complications and the treating physician needs to be aware of these and @entity1 should be informed about them.

title: Standard guidelines of care: Keloids and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous injury']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars', 'HTS']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2805 :: (MESH:D017439,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic scars']


abstract: This paper describes the use of a pulsed argon laser to perform iridotomies in 87 @entity1 . Diagnosis include: primary angle @entity726 , @entity2747 in the fellow eye of @entity1 with primary @entity726 , @entity616 , and after incomplete surgical iridectomies. Laser iridotomy was achieved in 79% of @entity1 . Blue eyes were slightly more difficult to penetrate. Success was almost 100% in those with @entity616 . Penetration was most difficult in @entity1 with primary angle @entity726 (64%), but more easily accomplished in the fellow eyes of such cases (87%). In 13 @entity1 surgical peripheral iridectomy was performed on one eye while the other eye was treated with laser iridotomy. No apparent significant long term differences were noted between the two eyes of the same individual. Complications of laser iridotomy include @entity2687 , @entity2300 , @entity5862 formation, @entity231 , @entity5890 , marked @entity1480 , sudden rise in intraocular pressure, and retinal burns. At this time a longer follow-up is required before it can be stated that a laser PI is more advantageous than a surgical PI. However, the laser's simplicity and ease of administration appear to warrant its continued use at this time.

title: Argon laser iridotomy in primary angle-closure or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lenticular opacities']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['angle glaucoma', 'closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal burns']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupil distortion']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['narrow angle']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary block']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['pigment dispersion']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['pupillary block glaucoma']


abstract: @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) interferes with the production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity1192 ) and can thereby diminish the secondary inflammatory response that follows initiation of antibacterial therapy. A beneficial effect on the outcome of @entity6932 in @entity1 has been proven, but until recently the effect of @entity3784 therapy in @entity2506 was uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors that might influence the modulatory effect of @entity3784 on the antibiotic-induced inflammatory response in a @entity95 model of @entity2506 . @entity3784 (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously 30 min before or 1 h after administration of a pneumococcal cell wall extract, or the first dose of @entity869 . In @entity693 induced by cell wall extract, @entity3784 therapy prevented the increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leucocyte and @entity880 concentrations, but only if given 30 min before the cell wall extract. In @entity693 caused by live organisms, initiation of @entity869 therapy resulted in an increase in CSF @entity310 and @entity880 concentrations only in animals with initial CSF bacterial concentrations > or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL. In those animals, @entity3784 therapy prevented significant elevations in CSF @entity310 [median change -184 pg/mL, -114 pg/mL versus +683 pg/mL with @entity3784 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity869 ) versus controls (no @entity3784 ), respectively, P=0.02] and @entity880 concentrations [median change -10.6 mmol/L, -1.5 mmol/L versus +14.3 mmol/L with @entity3784 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity869 ) versus controls (no @entity3784 ), respectively, P=0.01]. These effects were independent of the timing of @entity3784 administration. In this model of @entity2506 , an antibiotic-induced secondary inflammatory response in the CSF was demonstrated only in animals with high initial CSF bacterial concentrations (> or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL). These effects were modulated by @entity3784 therapy whether it was given 30 min before or 1 h after the first dose of @entity869 .

title: Factors influencing the anti-inflammatory effect of @entity619 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['experimental pneumococcal meningitis', 'pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity2506 :: (MESH:D008586,Disease) :: ['experimental pneumococcal meningitis']


abstract: @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) interferes with the production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity1192 ) and can thereby diminish the secondary inflammatory response that follows initiation of antibacterial therapy. A beneficial effect on the outcome of @entity6932 in @entity1 has been proven, but until recently the effect of @entity3784 therapy in @entity2506 was uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors that might influence the modulatory effect of @entity3784 on the antibiotic-induced inflammatory response in a @entity95 model of @entity2506 . @entity3784 (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously 30 min before or 1 h after administration of a pneumococcal cell wall extract, or the first dose of @entity869 . In @entity693 induced by cell wall extract, @entity3784 therapy prevented the increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leucocyte and @entity880 concentrations, but only if given 30 min before the cell wall extract. In @entity693 caused by live organisms, initiation of @entity869 therapy resulted in an increase in CSF @entity310 and @entity880 concentrations only in animals with initial CSF bacterial concentrations > or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL. In those animals, @entity3784 therapy prevented significant elevations in CSF @entity310 [median change -184 pg/mL, -114 pg/mL versus +683 pg/mL with @entity3784 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity869 ) versus controls (no @entity3784 ), respectively, P=0.02] and @entity880 concentrations [median change -10.6 mmol/L, -1.5 mmol/L versus +14.3 mmol/L with @entity3784 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity869 ) versus controls (no @entity3784 ), respectively, P=0.01]. These effects were independent of the timing of @entity3784 administration. In this model of @entity2506 , an antibiotic-induced secondary inflammatory response in the CSF was demonstrated only in animals with high initial CSF bacterial concentrations (> or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL). These effects were modulated by @entity3784 therapy whether it was given 30 min before or 1 h after the first dose of @entity869 .

title: Factors influencing the anti-inflammatory effect of XXXX therapy in @entity2506 .

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']