abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity924 is a common source of @entity158 in @entity2587 , especially those involved in sports with a high incidence of jumping and cutting. Changes in training programs and exercises based on eccentric quadriceps contractions often relieve @entity1 ' symptoms. For @entity2587 unresponsive to this treatment, some authors suggest open and arthroscopic procedures d  briding either the tendon alone, or the tendon and bone. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether an arthroscopically assisted approach to d  bride not only the tendon, bone, but also the peritenon could relieve @entity158 and allow @entity2587 to return to their former activities. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 23 @entity1 with a history of at least 6 months of painful @entity924 unresponsive to nonoperative treatment treated with an arthroscopic technique that d  brided the tendon, inferior pole of the patella, and peritenon: 22 males and one female. Mean age was 29 years. @entity1 were evaluated using the anterior knee @entity158 score of Kujala et al. The minimum followup was 12 months (mean, 58 months; range, 12-121 months). RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 scored 100, one 99, one 98, five 97, two 94, one 90, and one 64. The Kujala et al. mean score was 96 (range, 64-100). All but four @entity1 returned to their former sports activities. We observed no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic treatment can relieve the @entity158 of refractory @entity924 . Our observations were comparable with those previously reported for open techniques and a high percentage of @entity1 returned to their previous activity level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, observational study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Can arthroscopically assisted treatment of XXXX reduce @entity158 and restore function?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['patellar tendinopathy', 'chronic patellar tendinopathy', 'Patellar tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['chronic patellar tendinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity924 is a common source of @entity158 in @entity2587 , especially those involved in sports with a high incidence of jumping and cutting. Changes in training programs and exercises based on eccentric quadriceps contractions often relieve @entity1 ' symptoms. For @entity2587 unresponsive to this treatment, some authors suggest open and arthroscopic procedures d  briding either the tendon alone, or the tendon and bone. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether an arthroscopically assisted approach to d  bride not only the tendon, bone, but also the peritenon could relieve @entity158 and allow @entity2587 to return to their former activities. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 23 @entity1 with a history of at least 6 months of painful @entity924 unresponsive to nonoperative treatment treated with an arthroscopic technique that d  brided the tendon, inferior pole of the patella, and peritenon: 22 males and one female. Mean age was 29 years. @entity1 were evaluated using the anterior knee @entity158 score of Kujala et al. The minimum followup was 12 months (mean, 58 months; range, 12-121 months). RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 scored 100, one 99, one 98, five 97, two 94, one 90, and one 64. The Kujala et al. mean score was 96 (range, 64-100). All but four @entity1 returned to their former sports activities. We observed no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic treatment can relieve the @entity158 of refractory @entity924 . Our observations were comparable with those previously reported for open techniques and a high percentage of @entity1 returned to their previous activity level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, observational study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Can arthroscopically assisted treatment of @entity924 reduce XXXX and restore function?

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity8945 gene, a transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, has been related to @entity5 progression and @entity3 in different @entity5 . The aim of our study was to investigate @entity8945 promoter methylation in @entity1 with primary @entity14 and determine its correlation with prognostic factors and disease outcome. Seventy-three @entity1 with primary @entity14 were studied. From each @entity1 two tissue samples were collected: one sample of the @entity5 and one sample of normal colorectal tissue from an area located 15  cm away from the @entity5 . Samples of colorectal mucosa obtained from 30 individuals without @entity5 were also studied as a control group. All tissues were analyzed through methylation-specific PCR. @entity8945 hypermethylation was detected in colorectal specimens of 46 @entity1 with @entity5 , but in none of the tissues from the nonmalignant control group (p   <   0.001). In @entity5 @entity1 , @entity8945 hypermethylation was found in 38 of 73 @entity5 samples as compared with 20 of 73 matched samples of non-cancerous colorectal tissue (P   =   0.001). @entity8945 hypermethylation was not correlated with prognostic predictors for the disease outcome, @entity1 ' overall survival and disease-free survival rates. We concluded that @entity8945 hypermethylation is present in the colon and rectum of most @entity1 with @entity14 , suggesting this molecular alteration may be involved in the process of @entity14 .

title: XXXX promoter methylation in primary @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity8945 :: (7291,Gene) :: ['TWIST1']


abstract: @entity8945 gene, a transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, has been related to @entity5 progression and @entity3 in different @entity5 . The aim of our study was to investigate @entity8945 promoter methylation in @entity1 with primary @entity14 and determine its correlation with prognostic factors and disease outcome. Seventy-three @entity1 with primary @entity14 were studied. From each @entity1 two tissue samples were collected: one sample of the @entity5 and one sample of normal colorectal tissue from an area located 15  cm away from the @entity5 . Samples of colorectal mucosa obtained from 30 individuals without @entity5 were also studied as a control group. All tissues were analyzed through methylation-specific PCR. @entity8945 hypermethylation was detected in colorectal specimens of 46 @entity1 with @entity5 , but in none of the tissues from the nonmalignant control group (p   <   0.001). In @entity5 @entity1 , @entity8945 hypermethylation was found in 38 of 73 @entity5 samples as compared with 20 of 73 matched samples of non-cancerous colorectal tissue (P   =   0.001). @entity8945 hypermethylation was not correlated with prognostic predictors for the disease outcome, @entity1 ' overall survival and disease-free survival rates. We concluded that @entity8945 hypermethylation is present in the colon and rectum of most @entity1 with @entity14 , suggesting this molecular alteration may be involved in the process of @entity14 .

title: @entity8945 promoter methylation in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Although cases of upper G.E. tract diseases associated with simple @entity2963 are described as specific syndromes in the literature (Saint's triad, @entity244 , etc.) they may be usefully evaluated with the aim of checking the following parameters: a) incidence and importance of associated pathologies; b) etio-pathogenetic correlation between age, sex and incidence; c) clinical extent of the disease and factors determining choice of medical or surgical treatment; d) more specific presurgical diagnostic investigation for certain cases; e) effect of combined surgery on recovery. Recent research carried out (Choctaw) in which the term associated pathology was defined is described. A sample of 358 @entity1 suffering from @entity2963 was examined. Of these, 230 were suitable candidates for surgery and systemic presurgical examination by means of digestive tract X-ray investigation and fecal blood tests. 35% of cases were found to be associated pathologies including @entity357 , peptic @entity4773 , @entity356 and various diseases of the large intestine. These data were found to be statistically different from data collected from a similar group of @entity1 complaining of abdominal colic who did not display symptoms of @entity2963 although 17% had diseases of the upper G.E. tract. Combined surgery was carried out on 82% of @entity1 and the subsequent follow-up period lasted for 1 to 3 years. A presurgical study programme aimed particularly at female @entity1 over 50 was therefore designed. Post-surgical recovery was not affected by combined surgery.

title: [ XXXX associated with upper gastrointestinal pathology. Critical evaluation of the emerging incidence and diagnostic and therapeutic indications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer, duodenal diverticula']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Casten's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric neoplasia']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['Cholelithiasis']


abstract: Since its introduction in 1981 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has become an alternative surgical approach to permanent tracheostomy in treating @entity27 ( @entity27 ). However, the criteria for selecting candidates for this procedure are unclear and the prediction of a positive response remains an enigma. This article presents the experience with UPPPs performed on 35 @entity1 who had moderate to severe @entity27 . Criteria for @entity1 selection included @entity386 severity, @entity1167 , and clinical symptomatology. All but two @entity1 demonstrated clinical improvement, although there was considerable variability in the degree of response. @entity1 were classified as good or poor responders on the basis of the severity index (SI), which represents the number of @entity386 and @entity387 per hour of sleep resulting in @entity26 saturation below 85%. A greater than 50% improvement in the SI was considered a good response. Twenty-three @entity1 (65.7%) were good responders and the remaining 12 (34.3%) were poor responders. The need for permanent tracheostomy was obviated in 16 of 32 @entity1 presenting with disabling @entity25 or severe @entity1167 . Therefore it appears that UPPP is useful for treating most @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Further evaluation of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary sequelae']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: The effects of osmolarity, @entity460 concentration and cell-size liposomes in the subphase on the surface tension of phospholipid monolayers were investigated. The monolayers were spread from @entity3636 solutions of @entity8558 at air/water solution interface. The liposomes (of average diameter 3 micron) were formed from @entity8558 /egg lecithin (1:2) mixtures in water or 0.1 M water solutions of @entity969 . For this system there were critical concentrations of @entity460 ions to produce a large reduction of the monolayer surface tension. The threshold @entity460 concentrations depended upon the @entity969 concentration in the subphase. Without @entity969 the threshold @entity460 concentration was 8 mM, while for isoosmotic @entity969 solutions (0.1/0.1 M in/out of liposome) it was 14 mM. It sharply increased to 28 mM @entity3282 at @entity969 concentration difference across the liposome membrane 0.02 M and decreased to 26 mM, 19 mM, and 18 mM with further increase of that difference to 0.04 M, 0.06 M, and 0.08 M, respectively. The rate of monolayer surface tension decrease was measured as a function of time at 30 mM @entity3282 and different @entity969 concentrations in the subphase solution. The initial rates at first decreased with increasing the osmotic pressure and after that they increased. The minimum occurred at @entity969 concentration gradient across the liposome membrane 0.02 M, i.e., at the point of maximum threshold @entity460 concentration required for large decrease of the monolayer surface tension. These facts may be explained by recent theories of dynamics of adhesion, instability and fusion of membranes modeled as thin films.

title: Kinetics of XXXX -induced fusion of cell-size liposomes with monolayers in solutions of different osmolarity.

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity6563 are @entity74 , leading to the loss of adipose tissue. This loss of adipose tissue can be generalized or partial, thus defining different phenotypes. These @entity6562 have a major metabolic impact, secondary to lipotoxicity. This lipotoxicity is responsible for insulin resistance, @entity2299 and @entity1560 . The severity of the metabolic impact correlates with the severity of the loss of adipose tissue. Mutations in 15 predisposition genes are currently described; @entity16900 and @entity877 genes are the major genes in the generalized forms. On the contrary, @entity4223 and @entity6864 gene mutations are recovered in partial @entity6562 forms. These different genes encode for proteins involved in adipocyte physiology, altering adipocyte differentiation, @entity1674 synthesis and lysis or playing a major role in the lipid droplet formation. @entity6563 treatment is based on the management of metabolic comorbidities but recombinant leptin therapy appears to have promising results. These different points have been recently discussed during the 2015 Endocrine Society Congress, notably by S. O'Rahilly and are highlighted in this review.

title: [Genetics of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6562 :: ('MESH:D008060', 'Disease') :: ['lipodystrophies']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6563 :: ('MESH:D052497', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital lipodystrophies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous genetic diseases']

answer: @entity6563 :: (MESH:D052497,Disease) :: ['congenital lipodystrophies']


abstract: The triangle sail mussel, @entity31169 , is the most important freshwater pearl mussel in China. However, the mechanisms underlying its chitin-mediated shell and nacre formation remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized a chitin synthase (CS) gene (HcCS1) in @entity31169 , and analyzed its possible physiological function. The complete ORF sequence of HcCS1 contained 6903 bp, encoding a 2300- @entity3689 protein (theoretical molecular mass = 264 kDa; isoelectric point = 6.22), and no putative signal peptide was predicted. A @entity35374 motor head domain, a CS domain, and 12 transmembrane domains were found. The predicted spatial structures of the @entity35374 head and CS domains were similar to the electron microscopic structure of the heavy meromyosin subfragment of @entity1573 smooth muscle @entity35374 and the crystal structure of bacterial cellulose synthase, respectively. This structural similarity indicates that the functions of these two domains might be conserved. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR results showed that HcCS1 was present in all detected tissues, with the highest expression levels detected in the mantle. The HcCS1 transcripts in the mantle were upregulated following shell damage from 12 to 24 h post-damage, and they peaked (approximately 1.5-fold increase) at 12 h after shell damage. These findings suggest that HcCS1 was involved in shell regeneration, and that it might participate in shell and nacre formation in this species via chitin synthesis. HcCS1 might also dynamically regulate chitin deposition during the process of shell and nacre formation with the help of its conserved @entity35374 head domain.

title: Characterization and functional analysis of a chitin synthase gene (HcCS1) identified from the freshwater pearlmussel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31169 :: ('165450', 'Species') :: ['H. cumingii', 'Hyriopsis cumingii']

answer: @entity31169 :: (165450,Species) :: ['Hyriopsis cumingii']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to predict treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). Thirty-two @entity1 with LABC underwent 2-4 cylces of NCT ( @entity1205 and @entity1259 ). The DW-MRI scans were performed within one week prior to chemotherapy and after the first course of treatment, respectively. Accordingly, @entity5 volumes, changes in @entity5 ADC values, and their degree of correlation were analyzed. The overall response (OR) was observed in 62.5% (95% CI, 45.7-79.3%) of @entity1 after 2 cycles of NCT. The clinical complete response (CR) rate and pathological CR (pCR) rate were 15.6 and 9.4%, respectively. The @entity66 ( @entity66 ) rate was 34.4% (11 @entity1 ), and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was observed in only one @entity1 (3.1%). After the first cycle of NCT, the ADC values in the CR + PR group significantly increased (P < 0.001). The initial ADC values before chemotherapy in the OR group were significantly lower than those in the @entity66 + @entity74 group (P < 0.001). The initial ADC values and the changes in @entity5 volume after chemotherapy were negatively correlated (r = -0.58, P = 0.02). The lower the initial @entity5 ADC value was the more obvious the decrease in @entity5 volume after chemotherapy. The changes in ADC values of @entity5 after chemotherapy and the changes in @entity5 volume were positively correlated (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). After chemotherapy, the greater the change in ADC value, the more the @entity5 volume was reduced. Using the initial ADC values of @entity0 and the early changes in ADC values after NCT, we may be able to predict @entity5 response to chemotherapy. @entity5 with low initial ADC values may be sensitive to chemotherapy; @entity5 with significantly increasing ADC values early after chemotherapy may be sensitive to chemotherapy.

title: DW-MRI ADC values can predict treatment response in @entity1 with locally advanced XXXX undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to predict treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). Thirty-two @entity1 with LABC underwent 2-4 cylces of NCT ( @entity1205 and @entity1259 ). The DW-MRI scans were performed within one week prior to chemotherapy and after the first course of treatment, respectively. Accordingly, @entity5 volumes, changes in @entity5 ADC values, and their degree of correlation were analyzed. The overall response (OR) was observed in 62.5% (95% CI, 45.7-79.3%) of @entity1 after 2 cycles of NCT. The clinical complete response (CR) rate and pathological CR (pCR) rate were 15.6 and 9.4%, respectively. The @entity66 ( @entity66 ) rate was 34.4% (11 @entity1 ), and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was observed in only one @entity1 (3.1%). After the first cycle of NCT, the ADC values in the CR + PR group significantly increased (P < 0.001). The initial ADC values before chemotherapy in the OR group were significantly lower than those in the @entity66 + @entity74 group (P < 0.001). The initial ADC values and the changes in @entity5 volume after chemotherapy were negatively correlated (r = -0.58, P = 0.02). The lower the initial @entity5 ADC value was the more obvious the decrease in @entity5 volume after chemotherapy. The changes in ADC values of @entity5 after chemotherapy and the changes in @entity5 volume were positively correlated (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). After chemotherapy, the greater the change in ADC value, the more the @entity5 volume was reduced. Using the initial ADC values of @entity0 and the early changes in ADC values after NCT, we may be able to predict @entity5 response to chemotherapy. @entity5 with low initial ADC values may be sensitive to chemotherapy; @entity5 with significantly increasing ADC values early after chemotherapy may be sensitive to chemotherapy.

title: DW-MRI ADC values can predict treatment response in XXXX with locally advanced @entity0 undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate functional, anatomical and clinical efficacy, and safety of the pattern scanning laser (PASCAL  ) photocoagulation in @entity1 with @entity1103 and absence of proliferative @entity6 . METHODS: From 2008 to 2013 84 eyes of 58 @entity1 (30 @entity1 , 28 @entity1 ) were treated with pattern laser photocoagulation at the Ophthalmology Department at University Hospital Ostrava. Average age at the baseline visit was 65 years. The inclusion criteria included nonproliferative @entity6 (84 eyes), focal DME (14 eyes), diffuse exudative DME (70 eyes). All the eyes were "treatment naive". The average duration of @entity6 was 18 years, average baseline HbA1c value was 8,4%. Either focal laser photocoagulation or grid photocoagulation was performed with the PASCAL photocoagulator. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), fundus photography, biomicroscopy and complications were evaluated during the minimum 12months follow-up period. Statistical analysis using parametrical and nonparametrical tests with p less than 0,05 was done. RESULTS: Mean baseline BCVA was 0,43 logMAR. Values 0,38, 0,37, 0,38 a 0,38 logMAR were observed in the follow-up intervals in the 4th, 6th, 12th and 18th month. In 4 eyes (5%) improvement of more than 3 lines was observed, in 26 eyes (31%) improvement from 0 to 3 lines was observed, in 52 eyes (62%) decrease from 0 to 3 lines was observed and in 2 eyes (2%) decrease of more than 3 lines was observed. Mean baseline CRT was 398   m, values 370   m, 362   m, 349   m and 338   m were observed in the follow-up intervals in the 4th, 6th, 12th and 18th month. At the 12th month visit 76 eyes (90%) were stabilized, and in 8 eyes (10%) progression of the disease was observed. No complications were observed during the first 12 monhts follow up. CONCLUSION: Pattern scanning laser photocoagulation of DME lead to BCVA and clinical stabilization. In addition to this, it lead to decrease of the CRT. The efficacy was comparable to traditional laser systems with no apparent benefit to the traditional systems. The efficacy was inferior to modern intraocular anti- @entity7 ( @entity7 ) drugs. KEY WORDS: @entity1103 , pattern scanning laser, short pulse duration.

title: [Treatment Results of the XXXX by Means of the PASCAL Laser System].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Macular Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity85 are a major cause of morbidity in military training. They are more common among overweight/ @entity28 individuals, and the prevalence of overweight/ @entity28 in the military has increased. During strong economic periods, the military can be challenged to recruit enough qualified personnel, and physical standards are sometimes relaxed. AIMS: This study was conducted to compare the incidence of and outpatient utilization for training-related @entity7184 among @entity1 who were over body fat (OBF) standards compared with those who were weight qualified (WQ). METHODS: All study subjects were @entity1 >= 18 years old, who were classified as OBF or WQ and were followed for 90 days. During this period, everyone entering through the study sites was required to take a physical fitness test (5 min step test). Only individuals passing the fitness test were included in these analyses. RESULTS: There were 812 OBF and 6511 WQ study @entity1 . OBF were 47% more likely to experience a @entity85 and had 49% higher health care utilization. Other significant factors included age >19 and a history of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Among this population who had passed a fitness test, those who were OBF had a substantially higher risk of injury and higher utilization for these injuries. Because the recruiting environment is much better, military entrance standards have been tightened, but should the economy improve substantially the military may again be challenged to recruit adequate numbers of personnel, and the lessons learned in this project may prove valuable.

title: XXXX among overweight army trainees: incidence and health care utilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal injuries', 'musculoskeletal injury']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse injuries']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal injuries']


abstract: To stimulate healing and prevent @entity924 through optimized physical exercise, it is important to elucidate the tendon response to repetitive mechanical loading. However, the study of this response is challenging due to complex cell-matrix interactions. In an initial approximation, the authors examined tendon mechanical response only, and did not consider cellular activity. The authors investigated the hypothesis that mechanical degradation occurs relatively rapidly (< 24 h) even at very low stress levels. The authors subjected @entity35 tail tendons to mechanical loadings oscillating between 0 and 1.5 MPa up to one of three @entity1295 levels: 4% strain, 8% strain, or @entity397 . Using non-destructive mechanical tests, changes in tendon strain and compliance over the entire @entity1295 testing period were evaluated. Using microscopy techniques, the structural evidence of mechanical degradation was examined. The changes in tendon strain and compliance progressed nonlinearly and accelerated before @entity397 which took place around the 15-h mark. Histological analyses revealed a higher degree of alteration in the collagen network at increased @entity1295 levels. At @entity397 , local zones of damage with low fibril density were evident. These results imply that a repair process must act rapidly at critical sites; otherwise, enzymatic degradation could cause further damage in the manner of a vicious cycle.

title: Low stress tendon XXXX is a relatively rapid process in the context of overuse injuries.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinosis']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of computed tomographic perfusion (CTP), contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and @entity419 position emission tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis of @entity418 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective study consisted of 33 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity418 of which and 2 had esophageal abscess. All the @entity1 underwent CTP, CECT and PET/CT imaging and the imaging findings were evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were calculated for each of the three imaging modalities relative to the histological diagnosis. RESULTS: Thirty three @entity5 were visualized on CTP; on CECT:29, on PET/CT:27. Six @entity5 were stage 1 and the two and four @entity5 missed by CECT and PET/CT, respectively. The significant differences were between the CTP and CECT (p:0.02), and CTP and PET/CT (p:0.04), for stage 1 @entity5 were found. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive. Corresponding values for and negative predictive value of CTP were 100%,100%,100% and 100% respectively. Corresponding values for CECT were 93.94%, 0%, 93.94% and 0% respectively, and those of PET/CT were 87.88%, 0%, 93.55% and 0% respectively. Hence the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of CTP were better than those of CECT and PET/CT. CONCLUSION: The CTP had an advantage over CECT and PET/CT in the detecting small lesions. The CTP was valuable especially in stage 1 @entity5 .

title: The Comparison of Computed Tomography Perfusion, Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for detection of Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F- fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity210 @entity1 ' knowledge of their condition, including the central role of achieving and maintaining serum urate (SU) goal with the use of @entity414 lowering therapy (ULT). METHODS: This study of 612 @entity210 @entity1 was conducted at a Veterans Affairs medical center. Gout @entity1 were included based on administrative diagnostic codes and receipt of at least one @entity208 prescription over a one-year period. Questionnaires were mailed to @entity1 and linked to medical records data. The questionnaire included @entity210 -specific knowledge questions, the @entity1 Activation Measure and self-reported health outcomes. Knowledge was assessed descriptively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of SU goal knowledge. Associations of knowledge with health outcomes were examined in exploratory analyses. RESULTS: The questionnaire had a 62% response rate. Only 14% of @entity1 knew their SU goal while the vast majority answered correctly for the other 5 @entity210 -specific knowledge questions. In adjusted analyses, having a rheumatologist as initial prescriber (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 6.2) and knowing all of the other 5 @entity210 -specific knowledge questions (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.4) were associated with greater odds of knowing SU goal. SU goal knowledge was associated with self-reported global health status, but not with self-reported health-related quality of life or @entity210 -specific health status. CONCLUSION: There is a knowledge deficit regarding SU treatment goal among @entity210 @entity1 receiving ULT despite generally high levels of other @entity210 -specific knowledge. SU goal information may be an important and underutilized concept among providers treating @entity210 @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Target Serum Urate: Do Gout XXXX Know Their Goal?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the susceptibility to frequent intrinsic and extrinsic @entity130 , especially in the inner zone, the meniscus does not heal spontaneously owing to its poor vascularity. In this study, the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), containing various growth factors, on meniscal mechanisms was examined under normal and post-traumatic inflammatory conditions. Isolated primary meniscal cells of New Zealand white (NZW) @entity95 were incubated for 3, 10, 14 and 21 days with PRP(-), 10% PRP (PRP(+)), IL(+) or IL(+)PRP(+). The meniscal cells were collected and examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Culture media were examined by immunoblot analyses for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) catabolic molecules. PRP containing growth factors improved the cellular viability of meniscal cells in a concentration-dependent manner at Days 1, 4 and 7. However, based on RT-PCR, meniscal cells demonstrated dedifferentiation, along with an increase in type I collagen in the PRP(+) and in IL(+)PRP(+). In PRP(+), the aggrecan expression levels were lower than in the PRP(-) until Day 21. The protein levels of @entity721 and @entity21182 were higher in each PRP group, i.e., PRP(+) and IL(+)PRP(+), at each culture time. A reproducible 2-mm circular defect on the meniscus of NZW @entity95 was used to implant fibrin glue (control) or PRP in vivo. After eight weeks, the lesions in the control and PRP groups were occupied with fibrous tissue, but not with meniscal cells. This study shows that PRP treatment of the meniscus results in an increase of catabolic molecules, especially those related to @entity719 -induced @entity32 , and that PRP treatment for an in vivo @entity130 accelerates @entity82 , instead of meniscal cartilage.

title: Platelet-Rich Plasma Increases the Levels of Catabolic Molecules and Cellular Dedifferentiation in the Meniscus of a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscus injury', 'injuries']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) who were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy by either intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or conventional radiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 who received definitive chemoradiotherapy from January 1993 to August 2009 were included. Forty-five @entity1 received @entity1487 with @entity1138 (n = 39) or @entity900 (n = 6). Seventeen (37%) were treated with CRT and 29 (63%) with IMRT. The median dose was 54 Gy in both groups. Median follow-up was 26 months (CRT) and 32 months (IMRT). T3-T4 stage (P = .18) and lymph node-positive disease (P = .6) were similar between groups. RESULTS: The CRT group required longer treatment duration (57 days vs 40 days, P < .0001), more treatment breaks (88% vs 34.5%, P = .001), and longer breaks (12 days vs 1.5 days, P < .0001) than @entity1 treated with IMRT. Eleven (65%) @entity1 in the CRT group experienced grade >2 nonhematologic @entity137 compared with 6 (21%) @entity1 in the IMRT group (P = .003). The 3-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), locoregional control (LRC), and progression-free survival were 87.8%, 91.9%, and 84.2%, respectively, for the IMRT groups and 51.8%, 56.7%, and 56.7%, respectively, for the CRT group (all P < .01). On multivariate analysis, T stage, use of IMRT, and treatment duration were associated with @entity1349 , and T stage and use of IMRT were associated with LRC. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IMRT was associated with less @entity137 , reduced need for treatment breaks, and excellent LRC and @entity1349 compared with CRT in @entity1 with @entity957 of the anal canal.

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy for XXXX of the anal canal.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['anal canal squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCCA']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of burns and colds on @entity1 skin microcirculation and histomorphology has not been compared as yet. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) enables in vivo insight in @entity1 skin on cellular and subcellular levels. We evaluated analogies and differences of thermal injuries on microcirculation and histomorphology in vivo using RCM. METHODS: Local superficial burn (6 female, 4 male; aged 28.4    2.9 years, burn group) versus superficial cold (4 female, 6 male; aged 30.4    5.2 years, cold group) was induced on the dorsum of the hand in an experimental immersion hand model. In vivo RCM was performed prior (control), immediately (t1) and 15 minutes (t2) following thermal injury to evaluate: Individual blood cell flow (IBCF), @entity177 ( @entity177 ), epidermal thickness (ET), and granular cell size (GCS). RESULTS: In the burn group, IBCF was increased at t1 (78.02    2.60/min) and remained elevated at t2 (84.16    3.04/min). In the cold group, IBCF decreased at t1 (12.62    2.12 min) and increased at t2 (74.24    3.14/min, P < 0.05) compared to the controls (58.23    3.21/min). @entity177 was 6.74    0.52/mm(2) in controls and increased at both t1 (7.82    0.72/mm(2)) and t2 (8.02    0.81/mm(2)) in the burn group. In the cold group, @entity177 decreased at t1 (2.60    0.42/mm(2)) and increased at t2 (7.92    0.44/mm(2), P < 0.05). ET increased at both t1 (43.12    4.08  m, P > 0.05) and t2 (47.26    4.72  m, P < 0.05) in the burn group. In the cold group, ET decreased at t1 (39.92    3.14  m, P > 0.05) and increased at t2 (44.72    4.06  m, P < 0.05) compared to the controls (41.26    3.82  m). Control GCS was 726.9    59.4  m(2) and increased at both t1 (739.8    69.8  m(2), P > 0.05) and t2 (762.6    71.4  m(2), P < 0.05) in the burn group. In the cold group, GCS decreased at t1 (712.4    53.8  m(2), P > 0.05) and increased at t2 (742.6    64.8  m(2), P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Superficial burn induces more cellular destruction and cold leads to huge fluctuation in tissue perfusion, however, with moderate impact on histomorphology. The effect on dermal capillaries suggests a selective neural control and cold injuries might down-regulate this system, much more than burns can activate it.

title: Local burn versus local cold induced acute effects on in vivo microcirculation and histomorphology of the XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional capillary density', 'FCD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No validated instruments have been developed to measure @entity717 in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). The aim of our study was to develop and validate a @entity30 perceived @entity717 questionnaire (CPWDQ). METHODS: Development phase: an initial questionnaire containing 52 items was obtained from @entity1 ' interviews plus additional sources; it was completed by 106 @entity1 and the 16 most significant items were selected using a psychometric method in order to create the CPWDQ. Validation phase: The validation assessed the questionnaire's convergent validity, discriminant validity, test-retest reproducibility, and internal consistency in 108 @entity1 . Spearman rank correlation, t-test, intraclass correlation, and Cronbach's alpha were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Convergent validity was confirmed by good correlations between the CPWDQ and: clinical activity (r = 0.59, P < 0.01), the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ-9, (r = 0.76, P < 0.001), Euroqol-5D (r = 0.53, P < 0.01), and @entity73 (WPAI_CD) r = 0.66 (P < 0.01). Discriminant validity: CPWQ scores were higher in @entity1 expected to have more severe disability, that is, in @entity1 with active disease (n = 38) 32.3    7.3 versus inactive (n = 70) 22.6    5.9 (P < 0.001), in those requiring previous sick leave 30.7    7.5 (n = 45) versus no sick leave 22.6    6.6 (n = 63) (P < 0.01), and in those requiring hospitalization 32.2    8.6 (n = 18) versus no hospitalization 24.7    7.1 (n = 90) (P < 0.01). Internal consistency was also good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Reproducibility: CPWDQ measures obtained 2 weeks apart showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The CPWDQ seems to be a valid, reliable tool for measuring subjective @entity717 in @entity30 .

title: Development and validation of the XXXX perceived @entity717 questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['overall work impairment']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No validated instruments have been developed to measure @entity717 in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). The aim of our study was to develop and validate a @entity30 perceived @entity717 questionnaire (CPWDQ). METHODS: Development phase: an initial questionnaire containing 52 items was obtained from @entity1 ' interviews plus additional sources; it was completed by 106 @entity1 and the 16 most significant items were selected using a psychometric method in order to create the CPWDQ. Validation phase: The validation assessed the questionnaire's convergent validity, discriminant validity, test-retest reproducibility, and internal consistency in 108 @entity1 . Spearman rank correlation, t-test, intraclass correlation, and Cronbach's alpha were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Convergent validity was confirmed by good correlations between the CPWDQ and: clinical activity (r = 0.59, P < 0.01), the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ-9, (r = 0.76, P < 0.001), Euroqol-5D (r = 0.53, P < 0.01), and @entity73 (WPAI_CD) r = 0.66 (P < 0.01). Discriminant validity: CPWQ scores were higher in @entity1 expected to have more severe disability, that is, in @entity1 with active disease (n = 38) 32.3    7.3 versus inactive (n = 70) 22.6    5.9 (P < 0.001), in those requiring previous sick leave 30.7    7.5 (n = 45) versus no sick leave 22.6    6.6 (n = 63) (P < 0.01), and in those requiring hospitalization 32.2    8.6 (n = 18) versus no hospitalization 24.7    7.1 (n = 90) (P < 0.01). Internal consistency was also good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Reproducibility: CPWDQ measures obtained 2 weeks apart showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The CPWDQ seems to be a valid, reliable tool for measuring subjective @entity717 in @entity30 .

title: Development and validation of the @entity30 perceived XXXX questionnaire.

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['work disability']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A wealth of studies has investigated how chemical sensitivity is affected by temperature, however, almost always under different constant rather than more realistic fluctuating regimes. Here we compared how the @entity2199 @entity2199 responds to @entity920 at constant temperatures (8-24  C) and under fluctuation conditions of low (  4  C) and high (  8  C) amplitude (averages of 12, 16, 20  C and 16  C respectively). The DEBkiss model was used to interpret effects on energy budgets. Increasing constant temperature from 12-24  C reduced time to first egg, life-span and population growth rates consistent with temperature driven metabolic rate change. Responses at 8  C did not, however, accord with this pattern (including a deviation from the Temperature Size Rule), identifying a cold stress effect. High amplitude variation and low amplitude variation around a mean temperature of 12  C impacted reproduction and body size compared to @entity2199 kept at the matching average constant temperatures. @entity920 exposure affected reproduction, body size and life-span and consequently population growth. Sensitivity to @entity920 (EC50 values), was similar at intermediate temperatures (12, 16, 20  C) and higher at 24  C and especially the innately stressful 8  C condition. Temperature variation did not increase @entity920 sensitivity. Indeed under variable conditions including time at the stressful 8  C condition, sensitivity was reduced. DEBkiss identified increased maintenance costs and increased assimilation as possible mechanisms for cold and higher @entity920 concentration effects. Model analysis of combined variable temperature effects, however, demonstrated no additional joint stressor response. Hence, concerns that exposure to temperature fluctuations may sensitise species to co-stressor effects seem unfounded in this case.

title: Variable Temperature Stress in the XXXX @entity2199 (Maupas) and Its Implications for Sensitivity to an Additional Chemical Stressor.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity920 :: ('MESH:D003300', 'Chemical') :: ['copper', 'Copper']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Nematode']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A wealth of studies has investigated how chemical sensitivity is affected by temperature, however, almost always under different constant rather than more realistic fluctuating regimes. Here we compared how the @entity2199 @entity2199 responds to @entity920 at constant temperatures (8-24  C) and under fluctuation conditions of low (  4  C) and high (  8  C) amplitude (averages of 12, 16, 20  C and 16  C respectively). The DEBkiss model was used to interpret effects on energy budgets. Increasing constant temperature from 12-24  C reduced time to first egg, life-span and population growth rates consistent with temperature driven metabolic rate change. Responses at 8  C did not, however, accord with this pattern (including a deviation from the Temperature Size Rule), identifying a cold stress effect. High amplitude variation and low amplitude variation around a mean temperature of 12  C impacted reproduction and body size compared to @entity2199 kept at the matching average constant temperatures. @entity920 exposure affected reproduction, body size and life-span and consequently population growth. Sensitivity to @entity920 (EC50 values), was similar at intermediate temperatures (12, 16, 20  C) and higher at 24  C and especially the innately stressful 8  C condition. Temperature variation did not increase @entity920 sensitivity. Indeed under variable conditions including time at the stressful 8  C condition, sensitivity was reduced. DEBkiss identified increased maintenance costs and increased assimilation as possible mechanisms for cold and higher @entity920 concentration effects. Model analysis of combined variable temperature effects, however, demonstrated no additional joint stressor response. Hence, concerns that exposure to temperature fluctuations may sensitise species to co-stressor effects seem unfounded in this case.

title: Variable Temperature Stress in the @entity2199 XXXX (Maupas) and Its Implications for Sensitivity to an Additional Chemical Stressor.

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mammographic breast density is a strong risk factor for @entity0 . @entity440 , which reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 at high risk, also reduces mammographic breast density. However, it is not known if @entity440 -induced reductions in breast density can be used to identify @entity1 who will benefit the most from prophylactic treatment with this drug. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within the first International @entity0 Intervention Study, a randomized prevention trial of @entity440 vs placebo. Mammographic breast density was assessed visually and expressed as a percentage of the total breast area in 5% increments. Case subjects were 123 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 at or after their first follow-up mammogram, which took place 12-18 months after trial entry, and control subjects were 942 @entity1 without @entity0 . Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for other risk factors. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: In the @entity440 arm, 46% of @entity1 had a 10% or greater reduction in breast density at their 12- to 18-month mammogram. Compared with all @entity1 in the placebo group, @entity1 in the @entity440 group who experienced a 10% or greater reduction in breast density had 63% reduction in @entity0 risk (odds ratio = 0.37, 95% confidence interval = 0.20 to 0.69, P = .002), whereas those who took @entity440 but experienced less than a 10% reduction in breast density had no risk reduction (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 0.72 to 1.77, P = .60). In the placebo arm, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity0 risk between subjects who experienced less than a 10% reduction in mammographic density and subjects who experienced a greater reduction. CONCLUSION: The 12- to 18-month change in mammographic breast density is an excellent predictor of response to @entity440 in the preventive setting.

title: @entity440 -induced reduction in mammographic density and XXXX risk reduction: a nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mammographic breast density is a strong risk factor for @entity0 . @entity440 , which reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 at high risk, also reduces mammographic breast density. However, it is not known if @entity440 -induced reductions in breast density can be used to identify @entity1 who will benefit the most from prophylactic treatment with this drug. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within the first International @entity0 Intervention Study, a randomized prevention trial of @entity440 vs placebo. Mammographic breast density was assessed visually and expressed as a percentage of the total breast area in 5% increments. Case subjects were 123 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 at or after their first follow-up mammogram, which took place 12-18 months after trial entry, and control subjects were 942 @entity1 without @entity0 . Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for other risk factors. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: In the @entity440 arm, 46% of @entity1 had a 10% or greater reduction in breast density at their 12- to 18-month mammogram. Compared with all @entity1 in the placebo group, @entity1 in the @entity440 group who experienced a 10% or greater reduction in breast density had 63% reduction in @entity0 risk (odds ratio = 0.37, 95% confidence interval = 0.20 to 0.69, P = .002), whereas those who took @entity440 but experienced less than a 10% reduction in breast density had no risk reduction (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 0.72 to 1.77, P = .60). In the placebo arm, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity0 risk between subjects who experienced less than a 10% reduction in mammographic density and subjects who experienced a greater reduction. CONCLUSION: The 12- to 18-month change in mammographic breast density is an excellent predictor of response to @entity440 in the preventive setting.

title: XXXX -induced reduction in mammographic density and @entity0 risk reduction: a nested case-control study.

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the importance of stress echocardiography in diagnosis of low flow-low gradient @entity472 ( @entity472 ). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two @entity1 were tested, one male @entity1 , aged 62, weight 72 kg, height 172 cm, and BSA 1.86 cm2, and the other one was female, aged 59, weight 83 kg, height 168 cm and BSA, were found to have at least moderate ASs with low flow and low gradients at rest. @entity452 stress test was performed using standard protocol starting at 2.5 mcg/kg/min at rest as continuous infusion and increasing every five minutes intervals with stepwise increase up to 20 mcg/kg/min. Monitoring with 12-lead ECG and blood pressure measurements at each step was performed. After completing the test, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed in male @entity1 increasing in transvalvular flow and gradients across aortic valve and ejection fraction (EF) measured by Simpson method increased from 33% at rest up to 40% following @entity452 administration. EOA (effective aortic valve area) from 0.8 cm2 at rest increased insignificantly to 0.85 cm, (0.425 m2) afterwards. CONCLUSION: Final diagnosis therefore was severe @entity472 with preserved contractile reserve. The @entity1 was scheduled for surgical valve replacement. In female @entity1 after DST, the area of aortic valve increased significantly from 0.75 cm2 up to 1.05 cm2, while all transvalvular gradients remained almost unchanged. Pseudo-Aortic Stenosis and surgical valve replacement had not been indicated at this time.

title: Stress echocardiography in differentiation of fixed vs. low flow-low gradient and pseudo severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) are exceedingly rare @entity1893 which often present in the form of intractable @entity302 within younger @entity1 . The current study extensively reviews all reported cases which were pathologically verified as @entity11 in the literature to analyze clinical attributes and surgical outcomes of this @entity5 . There were 88 @entity1 with @entity11 reported in the literature consisting mostly of pediatric cases. The sex distribution consisted of 45 males and 36 females with the remaining seven cases not documenting sex. The average age of initial diagnosis was 16years with almost half of all diagnosed @entity1 being within the first decade of life. In cases where extent of resection was reported, gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 54 @entity1 , subtotal resection (STR) in 16, and biopsy only in three. @entity532 were transient and only occurred in three @entity1 with no reports of @entity204 following surgery. Only five cases reported @entity5 recurrence on follow-up. Eight @entity1 had @entity410 recurrence post-operatively and GTR offered improved rates of @entity410 control when compared to STR (p=0.0005). Nearly half of the cases of @entity11 are diagnosed within the first decade of life and they usually manifest with intractable @entity410 . GTR appears to offer better @entity410 control in the post-operative period. Surgical resection is the mainstay therapy for @entity11 as post-operative complications and @entity5 recurrence remain uncommon. Since the number of reported cases is limited, future studies with longer follow-up periods will help elaborate more long-term outcomes.

title: Clinical attributes and surgical outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Angiocentric gliomas', 'AG']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade neoplasms']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['angiocentric gliomas']


abstract: This study elucidates the charge transport processes of @entity16903 ( @entity23551 ) composite membranes and correlates them to the @entity23551 deposition site and the extent of @entity23551 surface layering on the base microporous membranes. @entity23551 was deposited either as a surface layer or inside the pores of cellulose @entity598 microporous membranes using various in situ chemical polymerization techniques. The extent of @entity23551 layering at the surface of the base membrane and its oxidation and doping states were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). @entity23551 deposition on the membranes showed a strong dependence on the polymerization technique and polymerization time within a single technique. In XPS, the deconvolution of C 1s and N 1s core-level spectra of the composite membranes was used to quantify the extent of @entity23551 layering at the surface along with its oxidation and doping states. @entity23551 incompletely covered the surface of the base microporous membranes for all the employed techniques. However, the extent of the layering increased with the polymerization time in a particular technique. The charge transport through the bulk membrane and charge transfer at the membrane/electrode interface were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The data were analyzed using the equivalent circuit modeling technique. The modeling parameters revealed that @entity23551 deposition at the surface enhanced the interfacial charge transfer but the process depended on the extent of the surface coverage of the membrane. In addition, the charge transport in the bulk membrane depended on the @entity23551 intercalation level, which varied depending on the polymerization technique employed. In addition, the EIS of electrolyte-soaked membranes was also conducted to evaluate the effects of @entity23551 deposition site on charge transport in the presence of an electrolyte. @entity23551 layering at the pore walls of the base membrane from diaphragmatic polymerization in a two-compartment cell showed that charge transport processes were strongly affected by the interaction of the electrolyte with the @entity23551 layer at the pore surface. This study successfully showed the dependence of charge transport mechanisms of @entity23551 composite membranes on the @entity23551 deposition site and extent of surface layering at the membrane surface.

title: Surface and charge transport characterization of XXXX -cellulose @entity598 composite membranes.

entities_list: @entity16903 :: ('MESH:C416807', 'Chemical') :: ['polyaniline']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity16903 :: (MESH:C416807,Chemical) :: ['polyaniline']


abstract: This study elucidates the charge transport processes of @entity16903 ( @entity23551 ) composite membranes and correlates them to the @entity23551 deposition site and the extent of @entity23551 surface layering on the base microporous membranes. @entity23551 was deposited either as a surface layer or inside the pores of cellulose @entity598 microporous membranes using various in situ chemical polymerization techniques. The extent of @entity23551 layering at the surface of the base membrane and its oxidation and doping states were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). @entity23551 deposition on the membranes showed a strong dependence on the polymerization technique and polymerization time within a single technique. In XPS, the deconvolution of C 1s and N 1s core-level spectra of the composite membranes was used to quantify the extent of @entity23551 layering at the surface along with its oxidation and doping states. @entity23551 incompletely covered the surface of the base microporous membranes for all the employed techniques. However, the extent of the layering increased with the polymerization time in a particular technique. The charge transport through the bulk membrane and charge transfer at the membrane/electrode interface were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The data were analyzed using the equivalent circuit modeling technique. The modeling parameters revealed that @entity23551 deposition at the surface enhanced the interfacial charge transfer but the process depended on the extent of the surface coverage of the membrane. In addition, the charge transport in the bulk membrane depended on the @entity23551 intercalation level, which varied depending on the polymerization technique employed. In addition, the EIS of electrolyte-soaked membranes was also conducted to evaluate the effects of @entity23551 deposition site on charge transport in the presence of an electrolyte. @entity23551 layering at the pore walls of the base membrane from diaphragmatic polymerization in a two-compartment cell showed that charge transport processes were strongly affected by the interaction of the electrolyte with the @entity23551 layer at the pore surface. This study successfully showed the dependence of charge transport mechanisms of @entity23551 composite membranes on the @entity23551 deposition site and extent of surface layering at the membrane surface.

title: Surface and charge transport characterization of @entity16903 -cellulose XXXX composite membranes.

answer: @entity598 :: (CHEBI:47622,Chemical) :: ['acetate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this review I discuss how @entity1238 is an effective model to dissect the mechanisms underlying orofacial defects. This species has been particularly useful in studying the understudied structures of the developing face including the @entity2085 and primary palate. The @entity2085 is the first opening between the foregut and the environment and is critical for @entity2133 development. The final step in @entity2085 formation is the perforation of a thin layer of tissue covering the digestive tube called the buccopharyngeal membrane. When this tissue does not perforate in @entity1 it can pose serious health risks for the fetus and @entity1 . The primary palate forms just dorsal to the @entity2085 and in non-amniotes it functions as the roof of the @entity2133 . Defects in the primary palate result in a median oral cleft that appears similar across the vertebrates. In @entity1 , these median clefts are often severe and surgically difficult to repair. @entity1238 has several qualities that make it advantageous for craniofacial research. The free living embryo has an easily accessible face and we have also developed several new tools to analyze the development of the region. Further, @entity1238 is readily amenable to chemical screens allowing us to uncover novel gene-environment interactions during orofacial development, as well as to define underlying mechanisms governing such interactions. In conclusion, we are utilizing @entity1238 in new and innovative ways to contribute to craniofacial research.

title: Using frogs faces to dissect the mechanisms underlying XXXX orofacial defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['adult mouth']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic mouth']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop and implement a pilot program designed as a shared medical group visit targeting @entity209 prevention in two ethnically diverse @entity1 populations. DATA SOURCES: The Cooperative Health Care Clinics (CHCC) module was utilized for group sessions to focus on interactive discussions following the L.E.A.R.N. format in order to encourage healthy lifestyle changes. @entity1 completed a pre- and postknowledge base test that encompassed information on healthy lifestyle changes in addition to disease processes associated with @entity209 . Each didactic session was evaluated using mean    standard deviation for the knowledge tests. Analysis of variance was used in determining body mass index (BMI) and weight measured at weeks 1, 5, and 10. @entity1 completed a 5-point Likert scale satisfaction survey on week 10. Independent means t-test compared clinic results along with the Satterthwaite approximate t-test because of unequal sample sizes to evaluate differences in means. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant statistical differences in mean weight or BMI on weeks 1 and 5. However, on week 10, there was a statistically significant difference for waist circumference in both clinics (p= .0466). Knowledge base improved in both clinics with a premean (0 score = 87    18) and postmean (0 score = 93    14). Both sites received high scores for @entity1 satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The shared medical group visits program implemented in both clinic sites demonstrated that this is an effective model in which to provide intensive @entity1 education, foster peer support, and facilitate health-related behavioral changes. Peer support, self-management, and continuity appear to be important factors in behavior change and improved knowledge.

title: Implementing an evidence-based XXXX prevention and treatment program utilizing group visits.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patient']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the indication, feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the management of various gastrointestinal pathologies. METHODS: The medical records of 60 consecutive @entity1 (34 female, 26 male) who underwent ESD at the gastroenterology department of Kocaeli University from 2006-2010 were examined. @entity1 selected for ESD had @entity75 or non-invasive @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract and had endoscopic and histological diagnoses. Early @entity5 were considered to be confined to the submucosa, with no lymph node involvement by means of computed tomography and endosonography. RESULTS: Sixty ESD procedures were performed. The indications were epithelial lesions (n = 39) (33/39 @entity652 with high grade @entity1141 , 6/39 @entity652 with @entity258 ), @entity5 (n = 7), @entity5 (n = 7) (5/7 early @entity14 , 2/7 early @entity356 ), granular cell @entity5 (n = 3), @entity674 (n = 2), and @entity2909 (n = 2). En bloc and piecemeal resection rates were 91.6% (55/60) and 8.3% (5/60), respectively. Complete and incomplete resection rates were 96.6% (58/60) and 3.3% (2/60), respectively. Complications were @entity548 [n = 3 (5%)] and perforations [n = 5 (8.3%)] (4 colon, 1 stomach). Two @entity1 with @entity694 and two @entity1 with submucosal lymphatic and microvasculature invasion (1 gastric @entity5 , 1 @entity694 ) were referred to surgery. During a mean follow-up of 12 mo, 1 @entity1 with @entity652 with high grade @entity1141 underwent a second ESD procedure to resect a local recurrence. CONCLUSION: ESD is a feasible and safe method for treatment of @entity75 and early malignant @entity344 . Successful en bloc and complete resection of lesions yield high cure rates with low recurrence.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for XXXX and noninvasive early gastrointestinal cancers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'carcinoid tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'early cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforations', 'colonic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal epithelial and subepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In spatial navigation, landmark recognition is crucial. Specifically, memory for objects placed at decision points on a route is relevant. Previous fMRI research in healthy adults showed higher medial-temporal lobe (MTL) activation for objects placed at decision points compared to non-decision points, even at an implicit level. Since there is evidence that implicit learning is intact in @entity2730 @entity1 , the current study examined memory for objects relevant for navigation in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 21 @entity195 @entity1 participated with MTL atrophy assessed on MRI (mean MMSE=21.2, SD=4.0), as well as 20 age- and education-matched non-demented controls. All @entity1 watched a 5-min video showing a route through a virtual museum with 20 objects placed at intersections (decision points) and 20 at simple turns (non-decision points). The instruction was to pay attention to the toys (half of the objects) for which they were supposedly tested later. Subsequently, a recognition test followed with the 40 previously presented objects among 40 distracter items (both toys and non-toys). Results showed a better performance for the non-toy objects placed at decision points than non-decision points, both for @entity195 @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings indicate that @entity195 @entity1 with MTL damage have implicit memory for object information relevant for navigation. No decision point effect was found for the attended items. Possibly, focusing attention on the items occurred at the cost of the context information in @entity195 , whereas the controls performed at an optimal level due to intact memory function.

title: Landmark recognition in XXXX : spared implicit memory for objects relevant for navigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's dementia"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's dementia']


abstract: Background: Perforated @entity4436 with @entity298 has traditionally been treated with open colon resection and stoma formation with risk for reoperations, morbidity, and mortality. Laparoscopic lavage alone has been suggested as definitive treatment. Objective: To compare laparoscopic lavage with open colon resection and colostomy (Hartmann procedure) for @entity4436 with @entity298 . Design: Randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label trial. (ISRCTN registry number: ISRCTN82208287). Setting: 9 hospitals in Sweden and Denmark. @entity1 : @entity1 who have confirmed Hinchey grade III @entity4436 with @entity298 at diagnostic laparoscopy. Intervention: Randomization between laparoscopic lavage and the Hartmann procedure. Measurements: Primary outcome was the percentage of @entity1 having 1 or more reoperations within 12 months. Key secondary outcomes were number of reoperations, hospital readmissions, total length of hospital stay during 12 months, and adverse events. Results: A total of 43 and 40 @entity1 were randomly assigned to laparoscopic lavage and the Hartmann procedure with a median (first, third quartiles) follow-up of 372 days (336, 394) and 378 days (226, 396), respectively. Fewer @entity1 in the laparoscopic group (12 of 43; 27.9%) than in the Hartmann group (25 of 40; 62.5%) had at least 1 reoperation within 12 months (relative risk reduction, 59%; relative risk, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.23 to 0.72]; P  = 0.004). Mortality and severe adverse events did not differ between groups. Total length of hospital stay (days) within 12 months was shorter for the laparoscopic group than the Hartmann group, with a reduction of 35% (relative risk, 0.65 [CI, 0.45 to 0.94]; P  = 0.047). After 12 months, 3 @entity1 in the laparoscopic group and 11 in the Hartmann group had a stoma. Limitation: Not all @entity1 presenting with suspected @entity4436 were enrolled. Conclusion: Laparoscopic lavage reduced the need for reoperations, had a similar safety profile to the Hartmann procedure, and may be an appropriate treatment of choice for acute @entity4436 with @entity298 . Primary Funding Source: @entity2928 ; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.

title: Laparoscopic Lavage for @entity4436 With XXXX : A Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['purulent peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis', 'perforated diverticulitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Purulent Peritonitis']


abstract: Background: Perforated @entity4436 with @entity298 has traditionally been treated with open colon resection and stoma formation with risk for reoperations, morbidity, and mortality. Laparoscopic lavage alone has been suggested as definitive treatment. Objective: To compare laparoscopic lavage with open colon resection and colostomy (Hartmann procedure) for @entity4436 with @entity298 . Design: Randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label trial. (ISRCTN registry number: ISRCTN82208287). Setting: 9 hospitals in Sweden and Denmark. @entity1 : @entity1 who have confirmed Hinchey grade III @entity4436 with @entity298 at diagnostic laparoscopy. Intervention: Randomization between laparoscopic lavage and the Hartmann procedure. Measurements: Primary outcome was the percentage of @entity1 having 1 or more reoperations within 12 months. Key secondary outcomes were number of reoperations, hospital readmissions, total length of hospital stay during 12 months, and adverse events. Results: A total of 43 and 40 @entity1 were randomly assigned to laparoscopic lavage and the Hartmann procedure with a median (first, third quartiles) follow-up of 372 days (336, 394) and 378 days (226, 396), respectively. Fewer @entity1 in the laparoscopic group (12 of 43; 27.9%) than in the Hartmann group (25 of 40; 62.5%) had at least 1 reoperation within 12 months (relative risk reduction, 59%; relative risk, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.23 to 0.72]; P  = 0.004). Mortality and severe adverse events did not differ between groups. Total length of hospital stay (days) within 12 months was shorter for the laparoscopic group than the Hartmann group, with a reduction of 35% (relative risk, 0.65 [CI, 0.45 to 0.94]; P  = 0.047). After 12 months, 3 @entity1 in the laparoscopic group and 11 in the Hartmann group had a stoma. Limitation: Not all @entity1 presenting with suspected @entity4436 were enrolled. Conclusion: Laparoscopic lavage reduced the need for reoperations, had a similar safety profile to the Hartmann procedure, and may be an appropriate treatment of choice for acute @entity4436 with @entity298 . Primary Funding Source: @entity2928 ; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.

title: Laparoscopic Lavage for XXXX With @entity298 : A Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['Perforated Diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Durability of bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position is not well defined. We examined the durability of bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position and risk factors associated with bioprosthetic @entity338 . METHODS: Between 1993 and 2004, 181 @entity1 underwent @entity338 using bioprostheses. @entity1 who underwent valved conduit or homograft implantation were excluded. Mean age was 14.2    9.8 years and median valve size was 23 mm (range, 19-27 mm). Types of bioprosthesis used were Hancock II (n  =  83), Perimount (n  =  53), Freestyle (n  =  23), Carpentier-Edwards porcine valve (n  =  18), and others (n  =  4). RESULTS: There were 3 early and 7 late deaths. Follow-up completeness was 88.6% and mean follow-up duration was 7.3    2.9 years. Forty-three @entity1 underwent redo @entity338 . Overall freedom from redo @entity338 at 5 and 10 years was 93.9%    1.9% and 51.7%    8.6%, respectively. Overall freedom from both @entity340 at 5 and 10 years was 92.2%    2.1% and 20.2%    6.7%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, younger age at operation, diagnosis of @entity1146 with @entity1757 , and use of stentless valve were identified as risk factors for redo @entity338 . CONCLUSIONS: Durability of bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position was suboptimal. Valve function was maintained stable until 5 years after operation. By 10 years, however, about 80% will require reoperation or manifest @entity340 . In our experience, the stentless valve was less durable than stented valves.

title: Durability of bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position: long-term follow-up of 181 implants in XXXX with congenital heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve failure', 'pulmonary valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve failure and valve dysfunction', 'valve dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To clarify the features of @entity131 associated with 2009 pandemic flu. We identified 51 @entity1 with @entity131 with seasonal flu from the data base accumulated by Tokai Pediatric Neurology Society. We also collected 10 @entity1 with @entity131 with 2009 pandemic flu. The clinical course, laboratory data, neuroimaging findings, treatment, and the outcome of these @entity1 were recruited using a structured research form. These data were compared between the two groups. The age was larger in the 2009 pandemic flu group (median, 109.5months) than in the seasonal flu group (median, 44months). There was no significant difference in other demographic data, @entity16 , laboratory and neuroimaging findings, and treatment. Various degrees of @entity16 including death were observed in 32% of the @entity1 in the seasonal flu group, and in 50% in the 2009 pandemic flu groups. The analyses of @entity1 with ages of 6years or older revealed that moderate or more severe sequelae were more frequent in @entity1 with 2009 pandemic flu. Acute @entity75 with 2009 pandemic flu occurred mainly among @entity1 with 6years of age or older, and the outcome was worse in this age group compared with @entity131 with seasonal flu.

title: Acute XXXX with 2009 pandemic flu: comparison with seasonal flu.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms', 'neurologic sequelae']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of @entity998 and mortality in decompensated @entity712 . INTRODUCTION: Introduction: @entity1 with decompensated @entity712 have a high mortality rate, especially those @entity1 with @entity998 . However, this clinical presentation is uncommon, and its management is controversial. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 452 @entity1 hospitalized with decompensated @entity712 with an ejection fraction of <0.45. @entity1 underwent clinical-hemodynamic assessment and @entity1526 immunoenzymatic assay. @entity998 was defined according to L and C clinical-hemodynamic profiles. Multivariate analyses assessed clinical outcomes. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean age was 60.1 years; 245 (54.2%) @entity1 were >60 years, and 64.6% were @entity1 . @entity998 was present in 281 (63%) @entity1 on admission. @entity1526 was the cause of @entity712 in 92 (20.4%) @entity1 who had higher B type natriuretic peptide levels (1,978.38 vs. 1,697.64 pg/mL; P = 0.015). Predictors of @entity998 were @entity1526 (RR: 3.655, P<0.001), lower ejection fraction (RR: 2.414, P<0.001), @entity2753 (RR: 1.618, P = 0.036), and @entity8 (RR: 1.916, P = 0.007). Elderly @entity1 were inversely associated with @entity998 (RR: 0.436, P = 0.001). Predictors of mortality were @entity1526 (RR: 2.286, P<0.001), @entity63 etiology (RR: 1.449, P = 0.035), and @entity998 (RR: 1.419, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: In severe decompensated @entity712 , predictors of @entity998 are @entity1526 , lower ejection fraction, @entity2753 , and @entity8 . Additionally, @entity1526 @entity1 have higher B type natriuretic peptide levels and a worse prognosis independent of lower ejection fraction.

title: Predictors of @entity998 in decompensated severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output', 'Low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of @entity998 and mortality in decompensated @entity712 . INTRODUCTION: Introduction: @entity1 with decompensated @entity712 have a high mortality rate, especially those @entity1 with @entity998 . However, this clinical presentation is uncommon, and its management is controversial. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 452 @entity1 hospitalized with decompensated @entity712 with an ejection fraction of <0.45. @entity1 underwent clinical-hemodynamic assessment and @entity1526 immunoenzymatic assay. @entity998 was defined according to L and C clinical-hemodynamic profiles. Multivariate analyses assessed clinical outcomes. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean age was 60.1 years; 245 (54.2%) @entity1 were >60 years, and 64.6% were @entity1 . @entity998 was present in 281 (63%) @entity1 on admission. @entity1526 was the cause of @entity712 in 92 (20.4%) @entity1 who had higher B type natriuretic peptide levels (1,978.38 vs. 1,697.64 pg/mL; P = 0.015). Predictors of @entity998 were @entity1526 (RR: 3.655, P<0.001), lower ejection fraction (RR: 2.414, P<0.001), @entity2753 (RR: 1.618, P = 0.036), and @entity8 (RR: 1.916, P = 0.007). Elderly @entity1 were inversely associated with @entity998 (RR: 0.436, P = 0.001). Predictors of mortality were @entity1526 (RR: 2.286, P<0.001), @entity63 etiology (RR: 1.449, P = 0.035), and @entity998 (RR: 1.419, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: In severe decompensated @entity712 , predictors of @entity998 are @entity1526 , lower ejection fraction, @entity2753 , and @entity8 . Additionally, @entity1526 @entity1 have higher B type natriuretic peptide levels and a worse prognosis independent of lower ejection fraction.

title: Predictors of XXXX in decompensated severe @entity712 .

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['low cardiac output']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mRNA level of the endonuclease domain-containing 1 gene (Jf_ENDOD1) in @entity2386 @entity2386 kidney was significantly increased after injection of @entity406 -killed bacteria cells (FKC) in the previous microarray study. ENDOD1 is a member of the DNA/RNA non-specific nucleases family, and its role in fish immunity has not been reported. The open reading frame of Jf_ENDOD1 cDNA was 912  bp, encoding 303 @entity3534 . The first 27 @entity3534 were predicted to be a signal peptide and the mature Jf_ENDOD1 was calculated as 32  kDa. The @entity3689 sequence of Jf_ENDOD1 showed 76% identity to that of @entity64166 @entity64166 . Transcripts of Jf_ENDOD1 were marginally detected in all sampled tissues from healthy fish, while they were significantly detected in brain, kidney, spleen and intestine at 6  h post FKC injection. Jf_ENDOD1 recombinant protein produced in @entity526 showed @entity29334 activity. Furthermore, to evaluate the @entity29334 activities in  vivo, total proteins from @entity2386 kidney and spleen were extracted at 12, 24 and 72  h post Edwardsiellatarda FKC injection. The @entity29334 activity of extracted protein was higher in treated fish than in untreated fish. Since the mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated after the FKC treatment, Jf_ENDOD1 might be responsible for the activities.

title: Identification of endonuclease domain-containing 1 gene in XXXX @entity2386 .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2386 :: ('8255', 'Species') :: ['Paralichthys olivaceus', 'Japanese flounder']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity64166 :: ('215358', 'Species') :: ['Larimichthys crocea', 'large yellow croaker']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2386 :: (8255,Species) :: ['Japanese flounder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mRNA level of the endonuclease domain-containing 1 gene (Jf_ENDOD1) in @entity2386 @entity2386 kidney was significantly increased after injection of @entity406 -killed bacteria cells (FKC) in the previous microarray study. ENDOD1 is a member of the DNA/RNA non-specific nucleases family, and its role in fish immunity has not been reported. The open reading frame of Jf_ENDOD1 cDNA was 912  bp, encoding 303 @entity3534 . The first 27 @entity3534 were predicted to be a signal peptide and the mature Jf_ENDOD1 was calculated as 32  kDa. The @entity3689 sequence of Jf_ENDOD1 showed 76% identity to that of @entity64166 @entity64166 . Transcripts of Jf_ENDOD1 were marginally detected in all sampled tissues from healthy fish, while they were significantly detected in brain, kidney, spleen and intestine at 6  h post FKC injection. Jf_ENDOD1 recombinant protein produced in @entity526 showed @entity29334 activity. Furthermore, to evaluate the @entity29334 activities in  vivo, total proteins from @entity2386 kidney and spleen were extracted at 12, 24 and 72  h post Edwardsiellatarda FKC injection. The @entity29334 activity of extracted protein was higher in treated fish than in untreated fish. Since the mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated after the FKC treatment, Jf_ENDOD1 might be responsible for the activities.

title: Identification of endonuclease domain-containing 1 gene in @entity2386 XXXX .

answer: @entity2386 :: (8255,Species) :: ['Paralichthys olivaceus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the relationship between @entity419 PET parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained by diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) in @entity1 with @entity513 ( @entity513 ). In addition, the prognostic utility of PET/MR mammography parameters was compared with that of known histologic prognostic factors. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 aged 50.7    10.5 years underwent a preoperative PET/MR mammography assessment using an integrated PET/MR scanner. T1w, T2w, DWI [b value = 50, 400, and 800 s/mm2], dynamic contrast enhancement sequences, and @entity419 PET imaging were performed. IDCs were assessed using SUVmax values and intratumoral heterogeneities (IH) from the @entity419 PET images and mean (ADCmean) and minimum ADC (ADCmin) values were measured using the DWI images. Relationships between the PET parameters and ADC values were evaluated. Furthermore, SUVmax and ADC values were compared with histologic factors, @entity5 size, nodal status, @entity3 , Ki-67 expression and @entity0 ( @entity0 ). RESULTS: In total 46 IDCs (2.1-7.5 cm in size) were analyzed. SUVmax (p = 0.012) and elevated IH (p = 0.041) were negatively correlated with ADCmin, then @entity0 (p = 0.013) and high Ki-67 expression (p = 0.002) were associated with higher SUVmax. @entity513 with @entity3 had low ADCmin values (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: @entity419 PET metabolic parameters and ADCmin were negatively correlated. PET parameters and ADC values might reflect the expression of biological features of @entity5 and @entity5 invasiveness, respectively. Integrated PET/MR mammography seemed like to have potential of a one-stop method for evaluating and predicting the prognosis of @entity513 .

title: Integrated PET/MR mammography for quantitative analysis and correlation to prognostic factors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBC', 'triple negative breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the role of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated @entity1206 (Thermo-Vin) in combined radiofrequency (RF) ablation of @entity96 . Materials and Methods Approval from the institutional animal care and use committee was obtained before this study. First, the anticancer efficacy of Thermo-Vin was assessed in vitro (H22 cells) for 72 hours at 37  C or 42  C. Next, 203 H22 liver @entity420 were implanted in 191 @entity19 for in vivo study. @entity5 were randomized into seven groups: (a) no treatment, (b) treatment with RF ablation alone, (c) treatment with RF ablation followed by free @entity1206 (Free-Vin) at 30 minutes, (d) treatment with RF ablation followed by empty liposomes (Empty-Lip+RF), (e) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (5 mg/kg), (f) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (10 mg/kg), and (g) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (20 mg/kg). @entity5 destruction areas and pathologic changes were compared for different groups at 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare end-point survival ( @entity5 < 30 mm in diameter). Additionally, the effect of initial @entity5 size on long-term outcome was analyzed. Results In vitro, both Free-Vin and Thermo-Vin dramatically inhibited H22 cell viability at 24 hours. Likewise, in vivo, 10 mg/kg Thermo-Vin+RF ablation increased @entity5 destruction compared with RF ablation (P = .001). Intratumoral @entity1206 accumulation with Thermo-Vin+RF increased 15-fold compared with Free-Vin alone. Thermo-Vin substantially increased apoptosis at the coagulation margin and suppressed cellular proliferation in the @entity41 (P < .001). The Thermo-Vin+RF study arm also had better survival than the arm treated with RF ablation alone (mean, 37.6 days    20.1 vs 23.4 days    5.0; P = .001), the arm treated with Free-Vin+RF (23.3 days    1.2, P = .002), or the arm treated with Empty-Lip+RF (20.8 days    0.4, P < .001) in animals with medium-sized (10-12-mm) @entity5 . No significant difference in end-point survival was noted in the treatment arms with large or small @entity5 . Conclusion Thermo-Vin can effectively increase @entity5 destruction and improve animal survival. End-point survival is most affected in animals with medium-sized @entity5 , suggesting that combination therapy should be tailored to @entity5 size and the expected volume of ablation of the device used. (  ) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Does Thermosensitive Liposomal XXXX Improve End-Point Survival after Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of @entity96 in a @entity19 Model?

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Vinorelbine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the role of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated @entity1206 (Thermo-Vin) in combined radiofrequency (RF) ablation of @entity96 . Materials and Methods Approval from the institutional animal care and use committee was obtained before this study. First, the anticancer efficacy of Thermo-Vin was assessed in vitro (H22 cells) for 72 hours at 37  C or 42  C. Next, 203 H22 liver @entity420 were implanted in 191 @entity19 for in vivo study. @entity5 were randomized into seven groups: (a) no treatment, (b) treatment with RF ablation alone, (c) treatment with RF ablation followed by free @entity1206 (Free-Vin) at 30 minutes, (d) treatment with RF ablation followed by empty liposomes (Empty-Lip+RF), (e) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (5 mg/kg), (f) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (10 mg/kg), and (g) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (20 mg/kg). @entity5 destruction areas and pathologic changes were compared for different groups at 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare end-point survival ( @entity5 < 30 mm in diameter). Additionally, the effect of initial @entity5 size on long-term outcome was analyzed. Results In vitro, both Free-Vin and Thermo-Vin dramatically inhibited H22 cell viability at 24 hours. Likewise, in vivo, 10 mg/kg Thermo-Vin+RF ablation increased @entity5 destruction compared with RF ablation (P = .001). Intratumoral @entity1206 accumulation with Thermo-Vin+RF increased 15-fold compared with Free-Vin alone. Thermo-Vin substantially increased apoptosis at the coagulation margin and suppressed cellular proliferation in the @entity41 (P < .001). The Thermo-Vin+RF study arm also had better survival than the arm treated with RF ablation alone (mean, 37.6 days    20.1 vs 23.4 days    5.0; P = .001), the arm treated with Free-Vin+RF (23.3 days    1.2, P = .002), or the arm treated with Empty-Lip+RF (20.8 days    0.4, P < .001) in animals with medium-sized (10-12-mm) @entity5 . No significant difference in end-point survival was noted in the treatment arms with large or small @entity5 . Conclusion Thermo-Vin can effectively increase @entity5 destruction and improve animal survival. End-point survival is most affected in animals with medium-sized @entity5 , suggesting that combination therapy should be tailored to @entity5 size and the expected volume of ablation of the device used. (  ) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Does Thermosensitive Liposomal @entity1206 Improve End-Point Survival after Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of XXXX in a @entity19 Model?

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Liver Tumors']