abstract: Radiation therapy is widely considered the primary treatment for inoperable "non-small" cell @entity2 . In clinical investigations, distinction has been infrequent among the histopathologic subtypes of @entity4153 . Studies have shown significant differences between @entity957 and @entity5 ; @entity5 has a greater propensity for extrathoracic dissemination, especially to the brain, and it is less curable by resection when regional lymph node @entity3 are present. No differences have been documented between @entity420 and @entity152 . A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the results of definitive radiation therapy by histopathologic subtype of @entity1149 . Between July 1977 and April 1983, 134 @entity1 with @entity1149 underwent definitive radiation therapy with curative intent. All @entity1 had performance status scores of 80 to 100 (Karnofsky), and received minimum total doses within the @entity5 of 60 Gy in 6 to 7 weeks, five fractions per week. The median period of observation was 63 months. Ninety @entity1 had @entity957 ; 44 had @entity5 . The two groups of @entity1 were comparable in respect to age and Stage; there were significantly more @entity1 with @entity5 (27%) than with @entity957 (13%). The median survival for @entity1 with @entity957 was 11.5 months; the 2 and 4 year survival rates were 21 and 7%, respectively. The median survival for @entity1 with @entity5 was 18 months; 2 and 4 year survival rates were 38 and 23%, respectively. Comparison of the overall survival experience did not show a significant difference between the two cell types (p = .12 using Gehan's generalized Wilcoxon test). However, comparison of the proportion of @entity1 with @entity5 surviving 18 months (50%) was significantly higher (p = .02) than that with @entity957 (30%). A small body of data from the literature also suggests a better long-term prognosis for @entity5 . This observation requires confirmation from large trials with histopathologic review. If it is confirmed, there are important implications for therapeutic strategies in future clinical investigations of inoperable @entity2 .

title: Is @entity5 the most radiocurable type of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma/large cell carcinoma', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['cancer of the lung']


abstract: Radiation therapy is widely considered the primary treatment for inoperable "non-small" cell @entity2 . In clinical investigations, distinction has been infrequent among the histopathologic subtypes of @entity4153 . Studies have shown significant differences between @entity957 and @entity5 ; @entity5 has a greater propensity for extrathoracic dissemination, especially to the brain, and it is less curable by resection when regional lymph node @entity3 are present. No differences have been documented between @entity420 and @entity152 . A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the results of definitive radiation therapy by histopathologic subtype of @entity1149 . Between July 1977 and April 1983, 134 @entity1 with @entity1149 underwent definitive radiation therapy with curative intent. All @entity1 had performance status scores of 80 to 100 (Karnofsky), and received minimum total doses within the @entity5 of 60 Gy in 6 to 7 weeks, five fractions per week. The median period of observation was 63 months. Ninety @entity1 had @entity957 ; 44 had @entity5 . The two groups of @entity1 were comparable in respect to age and Stage; there were significantly more @entity1 with @entity5 (27%) than with @entity957 (13%). The median survival for @entity1 with @entity957 was 11.5 months; the 2 and 4 year survival rates were 21 and 7%, respectively. The median survival for @entity1 with @entity5 was 18 months; 2 and 4 year survival rates were 38 and 23%, respectively. Comparison of the overall survival experience did not show a significant difference between the two cell types (p = .12 using Gehan's generalized Wilcoxon test). However, comparison of the proportion of @entity1 with @entity5 surviving 18 months (50%) was significantly higher (p = .02) than that with @entity957 (30%). A small body of data from the literature also suggests a better long-term prognosis for @entity5 . This observation requires confirmation from large trials with histopathologic review. If it is confirmed, there are important implications for therapeutic strategies in future clinical investigations of inoperable @entity2 .

title: Is XXXX the most radiocurable type of @entity2 ?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma/large cell carcinoma']


abstract: In utero exposure of male @entity35 to the antiandrogen @entity15523 ( @entity11559 ) leads to @entity393 (AGD) on postnatal day (PND) 1, increased areolae retention on PND 13, @entity600 in the male reproductive tract, and histologic testicular lesions including marked @entity528 and a low incidence of Leydig cell (LC) @entity652 on PND 90. One objective of this study was to determine the incidence and persistence of decreased AGD, increased areolae retention, and LC @entity652 in adult @entity35 following in utero @entity11559 exposure. A second objective was to determine whether AGD and areolae retention during the early postnatal period are associated with lesions in the male reproductive tract. Pregnant Crl:CD(SD)BR @entity35 were gavaged with @entity4336 oil or @entity11559 at 100 or 500 mg/kg/day, 10 dams per group. Three replicates of @entity35 (n = 30 @entity35 per replicate) were exposed from gestation day 12 to 21 and the male offspring allowed to mature to 6, 12, or 18 months of age. Gross @entity600 in the male reproductive tract and histologic lesions in the testes were similar to those previously described. However, @entity10523 , a lesion of proliferating LCs and aberrant tubules that has not been previously described in @entity11559 -exposed testes, was diagnosed. The incidence of this lesion was approximately 20% unilateral and 7-18% bilateral in the high-dose group and was similar among all ages examined, implicating a developmental alteration rather than an age-related change. AGD and areolae retention were found to be permanent changes following in utero exposure to 500 mg/kg/day of @entity11559 . Decreased AGD was a sensitive predictor of lesions in the male reproductive tract, relatively small changes in AGD were associated with a significant incidence of @entity3930 . In utero @entity11559 exposure induced @entity245 , some of which would have been diagnosed as LC @entity652 by the morphological criteria set forth by the Society of Toxicologic Pathology. However, these lesions were dissimilar to traditional LC @entity652 as the LCs were poorly differentiated and the lesions contained aberrant seminiferous tubules. While the morphology and incidence of this @entity11559 -induced @entity245 has been fully characterized by this study, the detailed pathogenesis warrants further investigation.

title: Male reproductive tract lesions at 6, 12, and 18 months of age following in utero exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male reproductive malformations']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative developmental lesions', 'testicular developmental lesion']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased anogenital distance']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['seminiferous epithelial degeneration']

entities_list: @entity15523 :: ('MESH:D003993', 'Chemical') :: ['di(n-butyl) phthalate']

answer: @entity15523 :: (MESH:D003993,Chemical) :: ['di(n-butyl) phthalate']


abstract: @entity308 is a major source of morbidity among @entity1 who have recently delivered a @entity1 . Considering its high prevalence and serious negative consequences, prevention should be a high priority. A comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge of prevention strategies is important for clinical practice and future research. Searches of MEDLINE and PsychINFO were performed to identify English-language articles of randomized, controlled trials published from 1990 to 2003 focusing on primary prevention of @entity308 in both the general and high-risk populations. Nineteen studies meeting these criteria were identified. The main findings and limitations of each study are documented. While the results are mixed, several of the studies provide support for the role of midwife intervention for pregnant and postnatal @entity1 . There are also some data that support the efficacy of brief psychotherapy in primary prevention. Unfortunately, many of the studies suffer from shortcomings that may limit their generalizability. Data is also lacking on biological interventions. Directions for future research are discussed, and general recommendations for prevention of @entity308 in clinical practice are made. The findings of this review indicate that despite the relatively brief history of work in this area, progress is being made in identifying possible prevention interventions.

title: Preventing XXXX : a review of research findings.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Postnatal depression', 'postnatal depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['postnatal depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determine the incidence of @entity532 following outpatient scrotal surgery for the treatment of hydroceles and spermatoceles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of all @entity1 undergoing hydrocelectomy or spermatocelectomy between April 1, 1997 and March 31, 1999 at 1 institution was performed. The hospital and office charts were reviewed, and @entity260 ( @entity281 , persistent @entity4 , @entity1118 ) were recorded. The type of preoperative antiseptic preparation ( @entity1496 based versus @entity1216 ) and the presence or absence of surgical drains were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 161 @entity1 were included in the study with an average age of 53.7 years. The overall complication rate was 19.2%. @entity281 formation occurred in 9.3% of @entity1 , persistent @entity4 (treatment failure) in 9.3% and @entity1118 in 0.6%. There was no significant difference in the complication rate when the preoperative preparations and the presence or absence of surgical drains were compared. CONCLUSIONS: The most common @entity532 following scrotal surgery for hydroceles and spermatoceles are persistent scrotal @entity4 , @entity32 and @entity86 . Further prospective investigation is required to study factors such as the use of drains, preoperative and/or perioperative antibiotics and the type of surgical preparations, which may have a role in complication rates.

title: A population based assessment of XXXX following outpatient hydrocelectomy and spermatocelectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infection/scrotal abscess', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of higher dose @entity11440 in @entity1 with @entity1494 and @entity15 , @entity1566 or @entity191 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was a prospective, 12-week dose titration trial of controlled release @entity11440 (OXY-XL). A 7-day washout period was used before initiation of the starting dose of 10 mg OXY-XL. Doses of OXY-XL were increased by 5 mg at weekly intervals to a maximum dose of 30 mg per day guided by @entity1 perception of efficacy versus side effect. Voiding diaries were completed at baseline, and weeks 6 and 12. Post-void residuals were recorded. Criteria for study admission included post-void residual less than 200 ml. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity1 enrolled in the study 22 had @entity15 , 10 had @entity1566 and 7 had @entity191 . There were 29 @entity1 (74%) and 10 @entity1 (26%). Within 1 week a decrease in the number of voids per day was seen in greater than 50% of the subjects. At the end of the study statistically significant decreases in the number of voids in 24 hours, episodes of @entity2183 and @entity322 episodes were observed. Residual urine remained unchanged from 33.9 +/- 7.6 ml at baseline to 51.3 +/- 10.4 ml after 12 weeks at the final dose (p = 0.17). No @entity1 experienced serious adverse events and none dropped out during the course of the 12-week study. At the end of the study 20.5% of subjects remained on 30 mg, 15.4% on 25 mg, 23.1% on 20 mg, 15.4% on 15 mg and 25.6% on 10 mg OXY-XL. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive dosing of OXY-XL is safe and effective in @entity1 with @entity1494 . Compared with nonneurogenic @entity2182 , higher doses of OXY-XL (15 mg daily or greater) were requested by 74.4% of the @entity1 in our study. The onset of clinical efficacy can occur within 1 week, and doses up to 30 mg are well tolerated and effective in this population.

title: Can higher doses of @entity11440 improve efficacy in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin chloride', 'oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of higher dose @entity11440 in @entity1 with @entity1494 and @entity15 , @entity1566 or @entity191 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was a prospective, 12-week dose titration trial of controlled release @entity11440 (OXY-XL). A 7-day washout period was used before initiation of the starting dose of 10 mg OXY-XL. Doses of OXY-XL were increased by 5 mg at weekly intervals to a maximum dose of 30 mg per day guided by @entity1 perception of efficacy versus side effect. Voiding diaries were completed at baseline, and weeks 6 and 12. Post-void residuals were recorded. Criteria for study admission included post-void residual less than 200 ml. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity1 enrolled in the study 22 had @entity15 , 10 had @entity1566 and 7 had @entity191 . There were 29 @entity1 (74%) and 10 @entity1 (26%). Within 1 week a decrease in the number of voids per day was seen in greater than 50% of the subjects. At the end of the study statistically significant decreases in the number of voids in 24 hours, episodes of @entity2183 and @entity322 episodes were observed. Residual urine remained unchanged from 33.9 +/- 7.6 ml at baseline to 51.3 +/- 10.4 ml after 12 weeks at the final dose (p = 0.17). No @entity1 experienced serious adverse events and none dropped out during the course of the 12-week study. At the end of the study 20.5% of subjects remained on 30 mg, 15.4% on 25 mg, 23.1% on 20 mg, 15.4% on 15 mg and 25.6% on 10 mg OXY-XL. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive dosing of OXY-XL is safe and effective in @entity1 with @entity1494 . Compared with nonneurogenic @entity2182 , higher doses of OXY-XL (15 mg daily or greater) were requested by 74.4% of the @entity1 in our study. The onset of clinical efficacy can occur within 1 week, and doses up to 30 mg are well tolerated and effective in this population.

title: Can higher doses of XXXX improve efficacy in @entity1494 ?

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin']


abstract: Changes in the serum @entity908 kinase (CK) activity and the mechanism of its release after administration of two kinds of beta-blockers to @entity35 were studied in order to determine the mechanism of the increase in serum CK accompanying administration of beta-blockers. When @entity7690 or @entity1169 was administered at a dose of more than 10 mg/kg of body weight, the serum CK activity was increased in proportion to the dose. Also when an alpha-stimulator or an alpha, beta-stimulator such as @entity1063 and @entity1425 was administered, the serum CK activity was increased. When the beta-stimulator @entity3044 or the alpha 1-blocker prazosin was administered, there was no increase in the serum CK activity. In terms of consecutive administration of a combination of beta-blockers and @entity1425 , the serum CK activity was not increased by the second and succeeding administrations. As for the use of @entity1425 alone, on the other hand, the serum CK activity after the second administration was equal to that after the first administration. The increase in CK activity after administration of @entity1425 as the second treatment following administration of a beta-blocker as the first treatment was approximately the same as that after single administration of @entity1425 . From the fact that the serum CK activity in @entity35 was increased by administration of an alpha-stimulator and of a beta-blocker, it is possible that CK release in the blood is due to the action of alpha-receptors rather than beta-receptors. In the case of consecutive administration of a beta-blocker, the serum CK activity was not increased after the second administration. However, the serum CK activity was increased by the administration of an alpha-stimulator. This finding suggests the possibility that CK release is due to the disturbance of the balance between alpha-receptor and beta-receptor. Most of the CK isoenzymes released in the blood after administration of a beta-blocker were of the MM type.

title: Serum XXXX kinase release and alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases play an important role in tissue regeneration, wound healing and @entity5 invasion. Our previous studies have shown a higher motility of HaCaT-ras-transfected cells compared with HaCaT or normal @entity1 keratinocytes (NHK) in correlation with a higher secretion of @entity1476 (72 kDa) or @entity1495 (92 kDa), according to the medium used for cell cultures. Presently, the expression and activity of MMPs were investigated in two reconstructed skin models, using a dead de-epidermized dermis (DED) or a dermal substitute including living fibroblasts. In all experiments, @entity1495 was essentially secreted by NHK and to a greater extent by HaCaT cells. Its active form (86 kDa) was only detected in both reconstructed skin models according to keratinocyte differentiation. @entity1476 was mainly secreted by living fibroblasts included in the dermal substitute skin model. In this case, its activation was up-regulated when HaCaT cell lines were seeded onto the dermal substitute according to their culture at air/liquid interface as shown for @entity1495 . The collagenase @entity3334 and stromelysin-1 ( @entity1549 ), susceptible to activate pro- @entity1476 and -9, respectively, were detected in their inactive form by ELISA. @entity3334 was expressed in both models but @entity1549 required the presence of living fibroblasts. Their activities were not detected using specific fluorogenic substrates. In the skin equivalent model using HaCaT, the extensive secretion and activation of @entity1476 and @entity1495 could explain the defect observed in basal membrane reconstruction, suggesting a direct interaction of HaCaT with fibroblasts.

title: Comparative studies on the secretion and activation of MMPs in two reconstructed XXXX skin models using HaCaT- and HaCaT-ras-transfected cell lines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To determine the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) on plasma levels of ACTH, @entity701 , @entity1369 and @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), synthetic @entity1 alpha-ANP (h alpha-ANP) was infused i.v. into eight normotensive, disease-free volunteers, at a dose and duration previously found to be sufficient to produce apparent cardiovascular and renal effects. The mean basal concentration of plasma ACTH determined by radioimmunoassay was 18.2 +/- 3.1 ng/l. Plasma ACTH concentrations tended to be decreased during the infusion in all subjects. However, the change in plasma ACTH concentrations during infusion of h alpha-ANP was essentially the same as that during the infusion of saline. The mean plasma @entity701 concentration was significantly suppressed from 25 to 40 min after the end of synthetic h alpha-ANP infusion. At 90 min after infusion, the mean plasma level of @entity701 reverted to the pretreatment level. There was a non-significant increase in plasma @entity916 activity following the infusion. The mean plasma @entity1369 concentration was reduced by 15% (P less than 0.05) during the infusion and returned to preinfusion levels 10 min after termination of the infusion, after which the mean plasma concentration declined to the level seen during infusion. Administration of h alpha-ANP had no significant influence on plasma @entity2494 concentrations, but there was a tendency to decrease during the infusion. Our data suggest that synthetic h alpha-ANP inhibits adrenocortical steroidogenesis in @entity1 .

title: Effect of XXXX alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide on adrenocortical function in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To determine the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) on plasma levels of ACTH, @entity701 , @entity1369 and @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), synthetic @entity1 alpha-ANP (h alpha-ANP) was infused i.v. into eight normotensive, disease-free volunteers, at a dose and duration previously found to be sufficient to produce apparent cardiovascular and renal effects. The mean basal concentration of plasma ACTH determined by radioimmunoassay was 18.2 +/- 3.1 ng/l. Plasma ACTH concentrations tended to be decreased during the infusion in all subjects. However, the change in plasma ACTH concentrations during infusion of h alpha-ANP was essentially the same as that during the infusion of saline. The mean plasma @entity701 concentration was significantly suppressed from 25 to 40 min after the end of synthetic h alpha-ANP infusion. At 90 min after infusion, the mean plasma level of @entity701 reverted to the pretreatment level. There was a non-significant increase in plasma @entity916 activity following the infusion. The mean plasma @entity1369 concentration was reduced by 15% (P less than 0.05) during the infusion and returned to preinfusion levels 10 min after termination of the infusion, after which the mean plasma concentration declined to the level seen during infusion. Administration of h alpha-ANP had no significant influence on plasma @entity2494 concentrations, but there was a tendency to decrease during the infusion. Our data suggest that synthetic h alpha-ANP inhibits adrenocortical steroidogenesis in @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity1 alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide on adrenocortical function in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The measurement of health, the effects of disease, and the impact of health care include not only an indication of changes in disease frequency and severity but also an estimate of @entity1 ' perception of health status before and after treatment. One of the more important developments in health care in the past decade may be the recognition that the @entity1 's perspective is as legitimate and valid as the clinician's in monitoring health care outcomes. This has lead to the development of instruments to quantify the @entity1 ' perception of their health status before and after treatment. METHODS: We review evidence supporting the measurement properties of the MacNew @entity299 Health-related Quality of Life [MacNew] Questionnaire which was designed to evaluate how daily activities and physical, emotional, and social functioning are affected by @entity301 and its treatment. RESULTS: Reliability was demonstrated by using internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficients for the three domains in the Dutch, English, Farsi, German, and Spanish versions of the MacNew. With internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficients =>0.73, reliability is high. Validity of the MacNew was examined with factor analysis and three core underlying factors, physical, emotional, and social, were identified, explaining 63.0 - 66.5% of the observed variance and replicated in the translations with psychometric data. Construct validity of the MacNew was further demonstrated by extensive substantiation of the logical relationships, defined a priori, between items and other comparison tools. The MacNew is responsive and sensitive to changes in HRQL following various interventions for @entity1 with @entity299 with 11 of 13 effect size statistics >0.80. Taking an average of 10 minutes or less to complete, the respondent-burden for the MacNew is low and its acceptability is demonstrated by response rates of over 90%. Normative data are available for @entity1 with @entity583 , @entity951 , and @entity712 in the English version. CONCLUSION: The MacNew may be a valuable tool for assessing and evaluating health related quality of life in @entity1 with @entity299 .

title: The MacNew XXXX health-related quality of life instrument: a summary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart Disease']


abstract: In isolated @entity35 hearts perfused at constant coronary flow and heart rate the amount of shortening in their major axis (L), the developed @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) and their time derivatives (L and @entity2701 ) were measured after different interventions. Relative changes of maximal velocities of contraction (+L, + @entity2701 ) and relaxation (-L, - @entity2701 ) were assessed by the ratio between both velocities (+L/-L, + @entity2701 /- @entity2701 ). After the interventions, @entity268 intracellular levels and @entity268 dependent protein kinase activity were measured. The negative inotropic effect of @entity1855 (10(-7) M) and @entity594 (5 X 10(-7) M) was accompanied by a relatively greater decrease in maximal velocity of relaxation. Consequently the ratio +L/-L increased. @entity1855 increased +L/-L from 1.27 +/- 0.07 to 1.57 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.001). @entity594 increased +L/-L from 1.25 +/- 0.05 to 1.77 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.001). Whereas @entity594 increased intracellular @entity268 levels from 0.403 +/- 0.036 pmol/mg wet weight to 0.534 +/- 0.047 (P less than 0.05), @entity1855 did not alter them. Neither @entity1855 nor @entity594 affected @entity268 protein kinase activity. Increasing @entity141 in the perfusate did not change the ratio +L/-L. A decrease in extracellular @entity141 , on the other hand, produced a greater decrease in -L than in +L, so that the ratio +L/-L increased from 1.27 +/- 0.05 to 1.49 +/- 0.10 (P less than 0.05). No changes were detected in @entity268 levels or its protein kinase activity. Similar results were obtained when + @entity2701 /- @entity2701 was analyzed. To offset the negative inotropic effect caused by @entity460 antagonists, either increased extracellular @entity141 or @entity3044 can be used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The link between myocardial contraction and relaxation: the effects of XXXX antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the influence of endothelium on mechanical responses of @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity3365 and to determine if a relationship exists between the responses and @entity8262 ( @entity6708 ) accumulation. @entity1617 and @entity3365 induced relaxation in artery and @entity3365 induced relaxation in vein. The relaxant responses in both vessels were abolished by rubbing the intimal surfaces, indicating that the relaxant responses depended upon the presence of a functionally intact endothelium. @entity6708 accumulation was temporally associated with both @entity1617 - and @entity3365 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Both the relaxant responses and the accompanying @entity6708 accumulations were abolished or reduced markedly by intimal rubbing or pretreatment with @entity6693 . @entity3897 abolished relaxation and @entity6708 accumulation induced by @entity1617 in artery, but not relaxation and @entity6708 accumulation induced by @entity3365 . Whereas @entity3352 did not affect either @entity1617 - or @entity3365 -induced relaxation in artery, it slightly, but significantly, reduced @entity3365 -induced relaxation in vein. In contrast to its effect in artery, @entity1617 only induced contractile responses in vein and did not alter @entity6708 levels, whether or not functional venous endothelium was present. However, @entity1617 did relax veins when arterial endothelium was present in crossover experiments using a modified sandwich technique. At concentrations which induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in artery, @entity1617 similarly induced no, or only minimal, contraction in both artery and vein in which endothelium was functionally destroyed. These findings demonstrate that @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein exhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to @entity3365 , and similar to @entity1617 -induced relaxation in the artery, @entity3365 -induced relaxation is associated closely with accumulation of @entity6708 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of endothelium-dependent relaxation in XXXX intrapulmonary artery and vein by @entity934 and @entity3365 .

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the influence of endothelium on mechanical responses of @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity3365 and to determine if a relationship exists between the responses and @entity8262 ( @entity6708 ) accumulation. @entity1617 and @entity3365 induced relaxation in artery and @entity3365 induced relaxation in vein. The relaxant responses in both vessels were abolished by rubbing the intimal surfaces, indicating that the relaxant responses depended upon the presence of a functionally intact endothelium. @entity6708 accumulation was temporally associated with both @entity1617 - and @entity3365 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Both the relaxant responses and the accompanying @entity6708 accumulations were abolished or reduced markedly by intimal rubbing or pretreatment with @entity6693 . @entity3897 abolished relaxation and @entity6708 accumulation induced by @entity1617 in artery, but not relaxation and @entity6708 accumulation induced by @entity3365 . Whereas @entity3352 did not affect either @entity1617 - or @entity3365 -induced relaxation in artery, it slightly, but significantly, reduced @entity3365 -induced relaxation in vein. In contrast to its effect in artery, @entity1617 only induced contractile responses in vein and did not alter @entity6708 levels, whether or not functional venous endothelium was present. However, @entity1617 did relax veins when arterial endothelium was present in crossover experiments using a modified sandwich technique. At concentrations which induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in artery, @entity1617 similarly induced no, or only minimal, contraction in both artery and vein in which endothelium was functionally destroyed. These findings demonstrate that @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein exhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to @entity3365 , and similar to @entity1617 -induced relaxation in the artery, @entity3365 -induced relaxation is associated closely with accumulation of @entity6708 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of endothelium-dependent relaxation in @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein by XXXX and @entity3365 .

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the influence of endothelium on mechanical responses of @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity3365 and to determine if a relationship exists between the responses and @entity8262 ( @entity6708 ) accumulation. @entity1617 and @entity3365 induced relaxation in artery and @entity3365 induced relaxation in vein. The relaxant responses in both vessels were abolished by rubbing the intimal surfaces, indicating that the relaxant responses depended upon the presence of a functionally intact endothelium. @entity6708 accumulation was temporally associated with both @entity1617 - and @entity3365 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Both the relaxant responses and the accompanying @entity6708 accumulations were abolished or reduced markedly by intimal rubbing or pretreatment with @entity6693 . @entity3897 abolished relaxation and @entity6708 accumulation induced by @entity1617 in artery, but not relaxation and @entity6708 accumulation induced by @entity3365 . Whereas @entity3352 did not affect either @entity1617 - or @entity3365 -induced relaxation in artery, it slightly, but significantly, reduced @entity3365 -induced relaxation in vein. In contrast to its effect in artery, @entity1617 only induced contractile responses in vein and did not alter @entity6708 levels, whether or not functional venous endothelium was present. However, @entity1617 did relax veins when arterial endothelium was present in crossover experiments using a modified sandwich technique. At concentrations which induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in artery, @entity1617 similarly induced no, or only minimal, contraction in both artery and vein in which endothelium was functionally destroyed. These findings demonstrate that @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein exhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to @entity3365 , and similar to @entity1617 -induced relaxation in the artery, @entity3365 -induced relaxation is associated closely with accumulation of @entity6708 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of endothelium-dependent relaxation in @entity291 intrapulmonary artery and vein by @entity934 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3365 :: (MESH:D000001,Chemical) :: ['A23187']


abstract: This special report discusses the impact of globalization, patterns of migration in Southeast Asia, gender issues in migration, the links between migration and @entity645 / @entity791 , and spatial mobility and social networks. Migrants are particularly marginalized in countries that blame migrants for transmission of @entity166 and other social ills. Effective control of @entity645 / @entity791 among migrant and native populations requires a multisectoral approach. Programs should critically review the privatization of health care services and challenge economic models that polarize the rich and the poor, @entity1 and @entity1 , North and South, and migrant and native. Programs should recognize the equality between locals and migrants in receipt of health services. Countermeasures should have input from migrants in order to reduce the conditions that increase vulnerability to @entity645 / @entity791 . Gender-oriented research is needed to understand @entity1 's role in migration. Rapid assessment has obscured the @entity1 dimension of migrants' vulnerability to @entity645 . Condom promotion is not enough. Migration is a major consequence of globalization, which holds the promise, real or imagined, of prosperity for all. Mass migration can be fueled by explosive regional developments. In Southeast Asia, migration has been part of the process of economic development. The potential to emigrate increases with greater per capita income. " @entity7928 " economies have been labor importers. Safe sex is not practiced in many Asian countries because risk is not taken seriously. Migrants tend to be used as economic tools, without consideration of social adjustment and sex behavior among singles.

title: Vulnerable to @entity645 / XXXX . Migration.

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and communicable diseases']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: This special report discusses the impact of globalization, patterns of migration in Southeast Asia, gender issues in migration, the links between migration and @entity645 / @entity791 , and spatial mobility and social networks. Migrants are particularly marginalized in countries that blame migrants for transmission of @entity166 and other social ills. Effective control of @entity645 / @entity791 among migrant and native populations requires a multisectoral approach. Programs should critically review the privatization of health care services and challenge economic models that polarize the rich and the poor, @entity1 and @entity1 , North and South, and migrant and native. Programs should recognize the equality between locals and migrants in receipt of health services. Countermeasures should have input from migrants in order to reduce the conditions that increase vulnerability to @entity645 / @entity791 . Gender-oriented research is needed to understand @entity1 's role in migration. Rapid assessment has obscured the @entity1 dimension of migrants' vulnerability to @entity645 . Condom promotion is not enough. Migration is a major consequence of globalization, which holds the promise, real or imagined, of prosperity for all. Mass migration can be fueled by explosive regional developments. In Southeast Asia, migration has been part of the process of economic development. The potential to emigrate increases with greater per capita income. " @entity7928 " economies have been labor importers. Safe sex is not practiced in many Asian countries because risk is not taken seriously. Migrants tend to be used as economic tools, without consideration of social adjustment and sex behavior among singles.

title: Vulnerable to XXXX / @entity791 . Migration.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of @entity1176 ( @entity1176 ) on the function of the @entity291 corpus luteum during the estrous cycle. In Experiment 1, 10 beef heifers were assigned randomly into two groups; each heifer served as her own control. Heifers in Group I (n = 5) were injected i.v. with vehicle (saline) on Day 2 of the cycle (Day 0 = day of estrus) followed by an i.v. injection of 100 micrograms @entity1176 on Day 2 of the subsequent estrous cycle. Group II (n = 5) heifers were treated similarly except injections were given on Day 10 of the estrous cycle. All heifers were bled via the jugular vein at 15 min intervals beginning 30 min prior to injection and for 3 h after injection. Blood samples were also taken on alternate days after injection through Day 16 of the cycle. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone caused a significant release of luteinizing hormone (LH) on both treatment days with the peak occurring at 15 to 30 min postinjection. Treatment with @entity1176 on either Day 2 or 10 caused a reduction in serum @entity1420 levels on Days 12, 14 and 16 of the cycle (Group I, control 3.99, 3.97; 4.07 vs. treated 2.63, 3.45, 2.87; Group II, control 3.18, 3.82, 4.13 vs. treated 2.50, 2.82, 3.17 ng/ml, respectively; common SE = 0.24 p less than 0.03). Length of the estrous cycle did not differ between groups (Group I, control 20.7 vs. treated 20.9; Group II, control 20.7 vs. treated 21.1 days, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced alteration of XXXX corpus luteum function.

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: As recently as April 1998, @entity1 at a seminar had great difficulty obtaining a copy of Nigeria's policy on @entity791 . By October, five years after the government approved its first draft, the National Policy was released to the press in a "surreptitious" manner during an annual summit of the National Council of Health. Journalists examining the 20-page document realized that it had been signed by a former Minister of Health in December 1997. This delay directly countered the recommendation of the body of experts who contributed to the draft policy that it be quickly adopted. The delay, caused by lack of political will and instability within the relevant government programs, occurred at a time when 1400 @entity1 were becoming infected with @entity645 in Nigeria every day. @entity791 activists describe the policy that was finally released as a watered-down version of the draft submitted in 1993. The policy does, however, outlaw commercial blood donations and make it an offense to transfuse unscreened blood. The policy also calls for integrating @entity645 / @entity791 and @entity2953 information in schools and encourages the local manufacture of condoms as well as the distribution of condoms and educational materials. In addition, the policy bans compulsory @entity645 testing except for nationals of countries that require the testing of Nigerians for any reason. @entity645 test results are to be kept confidential, and @entity1 are to receive counseling. The policy does not offer details about how these provisions will be funded.

title: New XXXX policy in Nigeria raises the stakes -- but optimism remains scarce.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report an unusual @entity3202 involution of @entity6725 . CASE REPORT: A newborn @entity1 presented with 5 papular, nodular and @entity39 located on the upper part of the body. The diameter of the lesions ranged between 1 and 3 cm. Light microscopy showed an infiltrate with foamy and Touton cells. Langerhans' cell histiocytosis was eliminated because none of these cells showed reactivity for @entity2281 protein and @entity4896 . At the age of 8 years, all the lesions had spontaneously regressed leaving unusual @entity2318 that had the same size as the active lesions. DISCUSSION: We compared the clinical, histological and evolution data of our @entity1 with 251 published cases. The most significant clinical feature of @entity6725 is the spontaneous involution without any trace. However, @entity2117 , @entity42423 or @entity194 may occur. Atrophy is not frequent and can result from 2 mechanisms. Inflammation of the hypodermic tissue, which becomes @entity3202 and @entity194 that may also result from @entity1413 during the scarring process.

title: [Atrophic involution of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6725 :: ('MESH:D014972', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile xanthogranulomas', 'juvenile xanthogranuloma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity42423 :: ('MESH:D057088', 'Disease') :: ['anetoderma']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen remodeling anomalies']

answer: @entity6725 :: (MESH:D014972,Disease) :: ['juvenile xanthogranulomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity32 in the development of @entity731 and its complications has been recently documented. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are among many postulated factors. It is possible that the imbalance between protective cytokines and cytokines affecting endothelial function is one of the underlying mechanisms of @entity296 . AIM: To examine the effects of @entity3413 on @entity1199 and @entity310 levels in @entity1 with @entity1007 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 64 males (age 20-65 years) with @entity1007 . The control group was composed of 10 healthy male volunteers (age 25-40 years) with normal lipid profile. Total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , @entity1199 and @entity310 were measured in both groups at baseline, after three months of dietary treatment, and after a further three months of @entity3413 therapy. RESULTS: @entity3413 caused a significant decrease in the total and LDL- @entity165 levels compared both with baseline measurements (p=0.0001) and after dietary treatment (p=0.0001). Moreover, @entity3413 significantly reduced the @entity1199 plasma concentration (p=0.0003). There were no significant differences between @entity1199 levels before and following dietary treatment. The @entity310 serum concentration significantly decreased following the implementation of diet (p=0.0001). Subsequent @entity3413 therapy caused further decrease in the @entity310 serum concentration but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A hypolipemic diet significantly decreases @entity310 serum concentration without affecting the @entity1199 level. The subsequent @entity3413 therapy significantly reduces @entity1199 but not @entity310 when compared with the post-diet values.

title: Effects of @entity3413 on pro-inflammatory cytokines in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity32 in the development of @entity731 and its complications has been recently documented. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are among many postulated factors. It is possible that the imbalance between protective cytokines and cytokines affecting endothelial function is one of the underlying mechanisms of @entity296 . AIM: To examine the effects of @entity3413 on @entity1199 and @entity310 levels in @entity1 with @entity1007 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 64 males (age 20-65 years) with @entity1007 . The control group was composed of 10 healthy male volunteers (age 25-40 years) with normal lipid profile. Total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , @entity1199 and @entity310 were measured in both groups at baseline, after three months of dietary treatment, and after a further three months of @entity3413 therapy. RESULTS: @entity3413 caused a significant decrease in the total and LDL- @entity165 levels compared both with baseline measurements (p=0.0001) and after dietary treatment (p=0.0001). Moreover, @entity3413 significantly reduced the @entity1199 plasma concentration (p=0.0003). There were no significant differences between @entity1199 levels before and following dietary treatment. The @entity310 serum concentration significantly decreased following the implementation of diet (p=0.0001). Subsequent @entity3413 therapy caused further decrease in the @entity310 serum concentration but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A hypolipemic diet significantly decreases @entity310 serum concentration without affecting the @entity1199 level. The subsequent @entity3413 therapy significantly reduces @entity1199 but not @entity310 when compared with the post-diet values.

title: Effects of XXXX on pro-inflammatory cytokines in @entity1 with @entity1007 .

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity32 in the development of @entity731 and its complications has been recently documented. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are among many postulated factors. It is possible that the imbalance between protective cytokines and cytokines affecting endothelial function is one of the underlying mechanisms of @entity296 . AIM: To examine the effects of @entity3413 on @entity1199 and @entity310 levels in @entity1 with @entity1007 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 64 males (age 20-65 years) with @entity1007 . The control group was composed of 10 healthy male volunteers (age 25-40 years) with normal lipid profile. Total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , @entity1199 and @entity310 were measured in both groups at baseline, after three months of dietary treatment, and after a further three months of @entity3413 therapy. RESULTS: @entity3413 caused a significant decrease in the total and LDL- @entity165 levels compared both with baseline measurements (p=0.0001) and after dietary treatment (p=0.0001). Moreover, @entity3413 significantly reduced the @entity1199 plasma concentration (p=0.0003). There were no significant differences between @entity1199 levels before and following dietary treatment. The @entity310 serum concentration significantly decreased following the implementation of diet (p=0.0001). Subsequent @entity3413 therapy caused further decrease in the @entity310 serum concentration but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A hypolipemic diet significantly decreases @entity310 serum concentration without affecting the @entity1199 level. The subsequent @entity3413 therapy significantly reduces @entity1199 but not @entity310 when compared with the post-diet values.

title: Effects of @entity3413 on pro-inflammatory cytokines in XXXX with @entity1007 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Therapy of @entity418 is stage dependent. The role of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) in this setting is unclear. The aims of this study were to compare the performance characteristics of CT, EUS, and EUS FNA for preoperative nodal staging of @entity418 and to measure the impact of each staging test on treatment decisions. METHODS: From December 1999 to March 2001, all @entity1 with @entity418 seen at the Mayo Clinic Rochester were prospectively evaluated with CT, EUS, and EUS FNA. The impact of @entity5 stage on final therapy was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 125 @entity1 with @entity418 were enrolled. EUS FNA was more sensitive (83% vs. 29%; P < 0.001) than CT and more accurate than CT (87% vs. 51%; P < 0.001) or EUS (87% vs. 74%; P = 0.012) for nodal staging. Direct surgical resection was contraindicated in 77% of @entity1 evaluated due to advanced locoregional/metastatic disease. @entity5 location, @entity1 age, comorbidities, and @entity5 stage determined by CT, EUS, and EUS FNA were associated with treatment decisions (P < 0.05). EUS FNA resulting in a higher/worse stage than CT (41 @entity1 ) was associated with a greater rate of treatments that were not direct surgeries compared with cases in which the stage was the same or better. CONCLUSIONS: EUS FNA is more accurate for nodal staging and impacts on therapy of @entity1 with @entity418 . EUS FNA should be included in the preoperative staging algorithm of these @entity1 .

title: Impact of lymph node staging on therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: PROBLEM: Beneficial effects of multiparity status have been previously reported by different authors. However, this fact has not been fully explained. Taking into consideration the influence of the parity status on the in vitro asymmetric/protective antibodies and the fact that @entity777 ( @entity777 ) is involved in the production and immune-regulatory functions of placental macrophages, the aim of this work was to compare the placental @entity777 production and tissue macrophage presence in @entity19 with different age and parity status. METHOD OF STUDY: Three groups of @entity19 (CBA/J x CBA/J) were analyzed: primiparous young (PY: 3.0 +/- 0.5 months old), primiparous old (PO: 8.5 +/- 0.5 months old), and multiparous old (MO: 8.5 +/- 0.5 months old, with three to four previous pregnancies). Macrophage and @entity777 were identified in placental tissue by immunohistochemistry employing anti- @entity11496 or anti- @entity777 antibodies. @entity777 secretion was analyzed in the placental culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The results obtained indicate that, despite the level of macrophages observed in the PO placentae was higher than in PY ones, their expression in MO placentae was very much increased, appearing like a thick layer between decidua and trophoblast. However, no significant difference was found among the groups in the tissue expression of @entity777 and in @entity777 secreted in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that parity status influences the number of local macrophages and might provide evidence that could explain the known beneficial effect of multipaternity. We suggest that the number of previous pregnancies favor the production of a 'protective' population of macrophages.

title: Analysis of macrophage presence in XXXX placenta: influence of age and parity status.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the graft-vs- @entity1778 effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation after a nonablative conditioning regimen as treatment for @entity1 with @entity1072 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were eligible to treatment if they were refractory or recurred after a prior response to @entity3118 . Seventeen @entity1 were treated. All @entity1 received a preparative regimen of @entity3118 (30 mg/m(2) daily for 3 days) and intravenous @entity786 (750 mg/m(2) daily for 3 days). Ten @entity1 received rituximab in addition to chemotherapy. The median time from diagnosis to transplant was 67 months. Nine of 17 @entity1 had refractory disease. RESULTS: All @entity1 had engraftment of donor cells. Eleven (65%) did not require platelet transfusions. Ten @entity1 with persistent disease underwent immunomanipulation to augment GVL effects including immunosuppression withdrawal and donor lymphocyte infusion with or without rituximab treatment. Seven of these 10 @entity1 had a complete response and 2 had a partial response; 8 of these 9 responders had received rituximab with their immunomanipulation process. The final response was complete remission in 12 and partial remission in 4 @entity1 for an overall response rate of 94%. Overall survival was 100% for @entity1 who received the combined chemo-rituximab conditioning regimen, vs 14% for those who received chemotherapy alone (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a pronounced GVL effect occurs after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation for advanced @entity1072 . This activity might be facilitated by rituximab. Prospective controlled trials are needed to define the role of nonablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation for treatment of this disease.

title: Nonablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for XXXX : impact of rituximab on immunomodulation and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have recently cloned and characterized a novel gene family named ancient conserved domain protein (ACDP) in @entity1 . To facilitate the functional study of this novel gene family, we have cloned and characterized Acdp, the @entity19 homologue of the @entity1 ACDP gene family. RESULTS: The four Acdp genes ( @entity70873 , @entity57449 , @entity70874 and @entity70875 ) contain 3,631 bp, 3,244 bp, 2,684 bp and 2,743 bp of cDNA sequences, and encode deduced proteins of 951, 874, 713 and 771 @entity1522 , respectively. The @entity19 Acdp genes showed very strong homologies (>90%) in both @entity377 and @entity535 sequences to their @entity1 counterparts. In addition, both @entity377 and @entity535 sequences within the Ancient Conserved Domain (ACD) are highly conserved in many different taxonomic species. Particularly, Acdp proteins showed very strong AA homologies to the bacteria CorC protein (35% AA identity with 55% homology), which is involved in @entity1760 and @entity1953 efflux. The Acdp genes are widely expressed in all tissues tested except for @entity70873 , which is only highly expressed in the brain with low levels of expression in kidney and testis. Immunostaining of @entity70873 in hippocampus neurons revealed a predominant localization on the plasma membrane. CONCLUSION: The Acdp genes are evolutionarily conserved in diverse species and ubiquitously expressed throughout development and adult tissues suggesting that Acdp may be an essential gene. Acdp showed strong homology to bacteria CorC protein and predominantly localized on the plasma membrane. These results suggest that Acdp is probably a family of proteins involved in ion transport in @entity1 cells

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of the XXXX Acdp gene family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fissures of Santorini have long been known as a gateway for disease to pass from the external auditory canal to the periparotid and neck spaces. Although anatomically understandable, description of disease that originates in the parotid gland and extends through the fissures to the external auditory canal is rare. This is, in fact,the first presentation of such a @entity1 at our institution in a previously untreated @entity1 . METHODS: A 43-year-old @entity1 was seen with a mass in her right external auditory canal. Further evaluation found this to be the presenting finding of a @entity10106 . The @entity1 also had a right marginal mandibular paresis. Biopsy of the external auditory canal mass provided a diagnosis of an acinic cell @entity420 . She underwent a right lateral temporal bone resection, type III modified neck dissection, and radical parotidectomy with @entity2103 and rectus abdominus reconstruction with facial nerve grafting. RESULTS: Pathologic examination of the specimen revealed an @entity3981 of the right parotid gland with focal dedifferentiation into a high-grade @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS: Care should be taken with auditory canal masses to remember the possibility that disease is extending from the parotid through the fissures of Santorini, and evaluation and management should proceed accordingly.

title: XXXX of the parotid gland presenting as an external auditory canal mass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve sacrifice']

entities_list: @entity10106 :: ('MESH:D010307', 'Disease') :: ['parotid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3981 :: (MESH:D018267,Disease) :: ['Acinic cell carcinoma']


abstract: Pharmacological induction of angiogenesis is a new treatment of @entity1504 without surgical treatment. It is an urgent task to investigate the dynamic process of angiogenesis and of the microvascular perfusion of the cerebral neoplastic tissue in vivo. The present study is concerned with microcirculatory aspects of @entity1779 in vivo. A novel model of cerebral angiogenesis was developed by inducing @entity1779 in @entity19 using growth factors such as @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). By a direct observation of the neocapillary microcirculation under a fluorescence videomicroscope, the neocapillary density, diameter and red cell velocity were measured to evaluate the development and remodeling of the neocapillaries with the number of days after incubation. The neocapillary response to topically applied @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) was examined by measuring changes in the diameter and red cell velocity. It was shown that PDGF-induced neocapillaries was dilated in response to ACh on day 28 after incubation, while @entity10245 -induced neocapillaries was not. Furthermore, the neocapillary pericytes were observed using confocal laser microscopy, based on the fluorescence immunohistochemical images of the neoplastic tissue. Several pericytes, stained with anti-NG_2, appeared in the neocapillaries. It was suggested that these pericytes might be recruited in the neocapillaries to regulate blood flow without vascular smooth muscle.

title: XXXX induced by growth factors: intravital microscopic studies using models.

entities_list: @entity10245 :: ('14173(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral neocapillaries']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral angiogenesis']


abstract: Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is investigating a complaint that the Ramses Extra spermicidal condom may have caused severe @entity158 in a user. The condom, which received marketing approval from FDA in 1982, contains the spermicidal lubricant @entity25605 -9, which reduces the number of active sperm and consequently decreases the risk of pregnancy. Lee Mathews of the FDA's office of compliance is investigating the complaint, filed in August 1983. The @entity1 experienced "excruciating @entity158 " on urination after using the spermicidal condom, according to FDA documents. The @entity1 indicated in the complaint that the @entity158 possibly resulted from the condom's spermicide entering her husband's urethra. The @entity158 subsided after several hours. She reported that her husband had never used the spermicidal condom before and had no known @entity566 or sensitivities. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer, Schmid Products, Company, reported after investigating the complaint that the company saw "no reason to believe that there was a batch problem or a problem with that particular condom." Company records revealed no other complaints with that batch. No other samples were available for testing from the @entity1 filing the complaint, but "the fact that the wife did not have a problem also indicates there wasn't anything particularly wrong with that condom." Company officials did not interview the @entity1 who used the condom in question, but they did reply to him in writing and have heard nothing more from the couple. The Schmid spokeswoman indicated that there have been isolated instances of sensitivity to this product. A key factor behind FDA approval of the spermicidal condom was a study completed for Schmid by Dr. Edwin Dale. Dale's study involved 30 @entity1 , 19-46, who used both regular condoms and condoms treated with @entity25605 -9. He concluded that decreased sperm motility with the treated condoms was caused by cell fragmentation due to cell membrane disruption.

title: FDA investigates complaint of XXXX in spermicidal condom user.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity25605 :: ('MESH:D017137', 'Chemical') :: ['nonoxynol']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A prospective observational study was done to derive performance characteristics for the Glasgow @entity7135 Prognostic Score (GMSPS) and compare it with nine other severity scores (Stokland, Stiehm and Damrosch, Ansari, Niklasson, Leclerc, Kahn and Blum, Lewis, Istanbul and Bjark) and laboratory markers of disease severity. In the paediatric departments of six hospitals in Merseyside, UK, 278 @entity1 with confirmed or probable @entity7135 were admitted between November 1988 and August 1990 ( n=152) and between September 1992 and April 1994 ( n=126); 26 of whom died. GMSPS was recorded on admission and again if there was clinical deterioration. Laboratory markers of disease severity (including endotoxin and cytokine levels) were measured on admission. The nine other scores were recorded on the first cohort. "Maximum" GMSPS (before referral to the paediatric intensive care unit) was achieved within 12 h of arrival in 97% of @entity1 . A GMSPS > or =8 had sensitivity 100%, specificity 75% and positive predictive value for death of 29%, GMSPS > or =10 had 100%, 88% and 46% respectively. All 26 who died scored >10, before referral to the paediatric intensive care unit. GMSPSs calculated by other medical staff had similar characteristics to those calculated by research fellows. All scores correlated significantly with white cell count, @entity1003 , endotoxin and cytokine levels. However, the predominantly clinical scores were the most robust. GMSPS had amongst the best performance characteristics of all scores and was more sensitive than laboratory markers. CONCLUSION: the Glasgow @entity7135 Prognostic Score is an easily performed, repeatable, clinical score that can rapidly identify @entity1 with @entity7135 . When performed prospectively, a score > or =8 had a positive predictive value for death of 29%. This score can identify those @entity1 who should be offered intensive care and can select those who may benefit from novel therapies.

title: Prospective validation of the Glasgow XXXX Prognostic Score. Comparison with other scoring methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant meningococcal disease', 'meningococcal disease', 'Meningococcal Septicaemia']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['Meningococcal Septicaemia']


abstract: A 68-year-old male @entity1 presented with unspecific decline of general health, @entity5 in the liver discovered by ultrasound examination and a focus suggestive of @entity5 on chest x-ray. He was hospitalised because of suspected metastatic @entity2 . Laboratory analysis revealed a distinct elevation of serum @entity3508 ( @entity3508 , 26,1 micro g/l). A CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of multiple @entity5 foci in both @entity99 , while the lung, however, was found to be free of @entity5 on CT-examination. Bronchoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were unremarkable. Subsequently, an ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsy of the liver was performed. Histological examination disclosed @entity5426 with unusual, though unequivocal expression of @entity3508 in @entity5 cells. As even follow-up examinations were unable to trace out any extrahepatic @entity5 , the @entity5426 was concluded to be of hepatic origin. The @entity1 succumbed to his disease 6 months later, an autopsy was not performed. This case report of a @entity3508 -producing primary @entity409 clearly outlines that a histological confirmation of an allegedly clear clinical diagnosis should always be performed because malignant @entity5 are capable of (co-)expressing so called @entity5 markers independently of their histogenesis.

title: [ XXXX with unusual expression of @entity3508 ( @entity3508 )].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumour', 'multiple tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lobes']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Hemangiosarcoma of the liver']


abstract: A 68-year-old male @entity1 presented with unspecific decline of general health, @entity5 in the liver discovered by ultrasound examination and a focus suggestive of @entity5 on chest x-ray. He was hospitalised because of suspected metastatic @entity2 . Laboratory analysis revealed a distinct elevation of serum @entity3508 ( @entity3508 , 26,1 micro g/l). A CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of multiple @entity5 foci in both @entity99 , while the lung, however, was found to be free of @entity5 on CT-examination. Bronchoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were unremarkable. Subsequently, an ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsy of the liver was performed. Histological examination disclosed @entity5426 with unusual, though unequivocal expression of @entity3508 in @entity5 cells. As even follow-up examinations were unable to trace out any extrahepatic @entity5 , the @entity5426 was concluded to be of hepatic origin. The @entity1 succumbed to his disease 6 months later, an autopsy was not performed. This case report of a @entity3508 -producing primary @entity409 clearly outlines that a histological confirmation of an allegedly clear clinical diagnosis should always be performed because malignant @entity5 are capable of (co-)expressing so called @entity5 markers independently of their histogenesis.

title: [ @entity409 with unusual expression of XXXX ( @entity3508 )].

answer: @entity3508 :: (2026,Gene) :: ['neuron-specific enolase']


abstract: A 68-year-old male @entity1 presented with unspecific decline of general health, @entity5 in the liver discovered by ultrasound examination and a focus suggestive of @entity5 on chest x-ray. He was hospitalised because of suspected metastatic @entity2 . Laboratory analysis revealed a distinct elevation of serum @entity3508 ( @entity3508 , 26,1 micro g/l). A CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of multiple @entity5 foci in both @entity99 , while the lung, however, was found to be free of @entity5 on CT-examination. Bronchoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were unremarkable. Subsequently, an ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsy of the liver was performed. Histological examination disclosed @entity5426 with unusual, though unequivocal expression of @entity3508 in @entity5 cells. As even follow-up examinations were unable to trace out any extrahepatic @entity5 , the @entity5426 was concluded to be of hepatic origin. The @entity1 succumbed to his disease 6 months later, an autopsy was not performed. This case report of a @entity3508 -producing primary @entity409 clearly outlines that a histological confirmation of an allegedly clear clinical diagnosis should always be performed because malignant @entity5 are capable of (co-)expressing so called @entity5 markers independently of their histogenesis.

title: [ @entity409 with unusual expression of @entity3508 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity3508 :: (2026,Gene) :: ['NSE']


abstract: The advantages of dual antiplatelet therapy over monotherapy in preventing recurrent @entity63 events are examined. @entity731 is an insidious systemic process involving multiple vascular beds, including the cerebral, coronary, and peripheral arteries. @entity731 rupture is one of the inciting events in the progression of platelet activation, aggregation, and @entity715 formation. @entity1 with any clinical manifestation of @entity731 are vulnerable to others in different vascular beds since the disease develops throughout the vasculature, and different vascular events have common predisposing risk factors. @entity301 and @entity66 are two of the three most frequent causes of @entity204 in the United States. The efficacy of @entity117 in the secondary prevention of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity64 has been demonstrated in numerous trials. While @entity4341 has not been linked with a greater odds reduction than @entity117 in the development of @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity204 , @entity1396 and @entity1397 have been associated with a greater reduction in the development of @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity204 than @entity117 . Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of combination antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of recurrent @entity63 events are ongoing. The rationale for using a combination of two mechanistically different antiplatelet agents is supported by ex vivo and clinical studies. Inhibition of @entity1423 and @entity715 formation is enhanced with dual antiplatelet therapy. Combination antiplatelet regimens with different mechanisms of action to inhibit multiple sites in the thrombotic pathway may further improve long-term clinical outcomes. Dual antiplatelet therapy may have advantages over monotherapy in the prevention of recurrent @entity63 events.

title: Dual antiplatelet therapy for prevention of recurrent XXXX events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Advances in physiology and molecular genetics have promoted greater understanding of the various clinical manifestations of @entity121 . For example, @entity8525 or profound @entity425 may be observed in @entity1372 channel disease (e.g., @entity28846 or @entity6564 @entity912 ), depending on the specific channel defect or with slight changes in membrane potential. Observed effects of anesthetic techniques have been essential to elucidating the primary muscular nature of @entity8525 . Commonly used anesthetic medications have potentially lethal (e.g., @entity8176 ) or serious (e.g., @entity3918 ) adverse effects. Conversely, @entity3303 or @entity1875 may have therapeutic benefit for @entity1 with skeletal muscle @entity1372 channel disorders. Additional investigation is required to improve our understanding of how age, gender, or other factors determine the phenotypic expression of malignant @entity221 . Future research holds the promise for more accurate pre-anesthetic identification of @entity1 with heritable @entity121 , especially those who are asymptomatic. Enhanced awareness of multiple organ system involvement in @entity3918 is essential for planning perioperative care. @entity1 with @entity912 require that we know factors that incite or inhibit the development of their attacks. Advances in bench research and detailed clinical studies will further improve our ability to provide optimal care for @entity1 with @entity121 .

title: Malignant hyperthermia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity28846 :: ('MESH:D020967', 'Disease') :: ['paramyotonia congenita']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies', 'muscle disorders']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['periodic paralysis']

answer: @entity28846 :: (MESH:D020967,Disease) :: ['myotonic disorders']


abstract: Recent independent studies undertaken in Britain have demonstrated s tatistically for the first time the increased risk of @entity1031 dis ease among @entity1 taking oral contraceptives. The Royal College of General Practitioners study suggests that the risk is increased about 6-fold by pregnancy and about 3-fold by oral contraceptives. The Statistical Research Unit of the M.R.C. listed 29 @entity1 with @entity1150 or @entity1151 of whom 14 had been taking oral contraceptives. Of 36 controls with other conditions only 3 were using the pill. The Committee on Safety of Drugs study reports 378 @entity204 in married @entity1 aged 15-44 during 1966; in 261 @entity1031 was mentioned on the death certificate. @entity1186 was not associated but @entity5892 and @entity1151 were possibly related to use of oral contraceptives. Deaths attributable to oral contraceptive use were approximately 3 per 100,000 users per year. In England and Wales the annual death rate for full-term pregnancies is 12 per 100,000 population. Death rate following abortions for unwanted pregnancies is higher. Advantages of oral contraceptives are, for many @entity1 , greater than the risks of iatrogenic morbidity or mortality. However, safer contraceptives must be sought as well as means of discovering which @entity1 may be at greatest risk from @entity1031 .

title: Oral contraceptives and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic disease', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary thrombosis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although many studies have focused on clinical risk factors for prognosis of @entity1 with surgically treated @entity356 , little information is available regarding the timing of recurrent @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that are predictive of early and late recurrences after gastrectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the hospital records of @entity1 with hisotological proof of @entity356 who were admitted to Sendai National Hospital during the period from 1985 to 1995. A total of 923 records were examined, and 251 @entity1 with recurrent disease were identified. The @entity1 were divided into an "early recurrence group" consisting of 195 @entity1 (died within one year after surgery) and a "late recurrence group" of 56 @entity1 (died two years or more after surgery). Clinicopathological characteristics were examined, and independent risk factors influencing the timing of recurrence were determined by a multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 size of early recurrence cases was larger than that of late recurrence cases (p=0.0294). @entity5 penetrating the serosa with direct invasion to continuous structures were found more frequently in the early recurrence group than in the late recurrence group. The @entity1 with early recurrence showed a higher tendency to have nodal involvement, lymphatic invasion and @entity1350 . The relative risks of early and late recurrences associated with different variables were estimated by a multiple logistic regression method. The following variables were found to be significant risk factors for early recurrence: male gender (p=0.0382), lymph node @entity3 (p=0.0016), and @entity1350 (p=0.0006). CONCLUSION: Male @entity1 who have node-positive @entity356 with @entity1350 have a high risk of early recurrence.

title: Early and late recurrences after gastrectomy for XXXX : a multiple logistic regression analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study of motor and sensory function and @entity458 in subjects with @entity131 . OBJECTIVES: To characterize @entity131 in terms of @entity4681 and @entity458 and to compare subjects with higher and lesser levels of @entity158 and disability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Motor @entity4903 , sensory @entity56 , and @entity458 are present in chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ), but little is known of such factors in the acute stage of injury. As higher levels of @entity158 and disability in acute @entity74 are accepted as signs of poor outcome, further characterization of this group from those with lesser symptoms is important. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Motor function (cervical range of movement [ROM], joint position error [JPE]; activity of the superficial neck flexors [EMG] during a test of cranio-cervical flexion), quantitative sensory testing (pressure, thermal @entity158 thresholds, and responses to the brachial plexus provocation test), and @entity458 (GHQ-28, TAMPA, IES) were measured in 80 @entity7125 subjects ( @entity74 II or III) within 1 month of injury, as were 20 control subjects. RESULTS: Three subgroups were identified in the cohort using cluster analysis based on the Neck Disability Index: those with mild, moderate, or severe @entity158 and disability. All @entity7125 groups demonstrated decreased ROM and increased EMG compared with the controls (all P < 0.01). Only the moderate and severe groups demonstrated greater JPE and generalized @entity56 to all sensory tests (all P < 0.01). The three @entity7125 subgroups demonstrated evidence of @entity458 , although this was greater in the moderate and severe groups. Measures of @entity458 did not impact on between group differences in motor or sensory tests. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity7125 subjects with higher levels of @entity158 and disability were distinguished by sensory @entity56 to a variety of stimuli, suggestive of @entity149 occurring soon after injury. These responses occurred independently of @entity458 . These findings may be important for the differential diagnosis of @entity131 and could be one reason why those with higher initial @entity158 and disability demonstrate a poorer outcome.

title: Characterization of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system sensitization']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor and sensory systems dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'whiplash associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['system dysfunction']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['whiplash-associated disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: Soft contact lenses may be used as a bandage after corneal refractive surgery. @entity1346 hydrogel contact lenses offer the advantage of increased @entity26 permeability over conventional hydrogel lenses for this application. To evaluate a @entity1346 hydrogel contact lens as a continuous wear bandage applied after laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, non-randomized clinical trial involving thirty @entity1 treated with unilateral LASEK. @entity1 were fitted with a lotrafilcon A (Focus NIGHT _ DAY; CIBA Vision, Duluth, GA) @entity1346 hydrogel soft contact lens that was worn continuously for 3 to 4 days post-operatively. Lens movement and slitlamp evaluations of @entity3169 1, 2, and 3 days after surgery (DAS) were recorded, as was the condition of the corneal epithelium after lens removal. Subjective comfort was rated by the @entity1 along with the presence of symptoms or @entity158 . RESULTS: Post-blink lens movement was evaluated by investigators as "very good" or "good" in 87% of eyes at 1 DAS, in 73% at 2 DAS, and in 60% at 3 DAS. Conjunctival @entity450 was assessed as normal or trace in 96% of eyes at 1 DAS, in 76% at 2 DAS, and in 67% at 3 DAS. An average of 80% of eyes showed normal or trace @entity3169 during the trial. The condition of the corneal epithelium after contact lens removal was rated as "very good" in 13% or "good" in 73% of eyes. An average of 77% of subjects reported "very good" or "good" comfort during the trial. Symptoms or @entity158 were rated as "absent" or "mild" by all subjects at 1 DAS and 2 DAS and by 96% at 3 DAS. An average of 99% rated symptoms or @entity158 as either "absent" or "mild" during the trial. CONCLUSIONS: The lotrafilcon A lens was found to be an effective and well-tolerated bandage lens after LASEK.

title: Therapeutic use of a lotrafilcon A XXXX hydrogel soft contact lens as a bandage after LASEK surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of potentially treatment-related mortality in long-term survivors of @entity4797 treated by orchiectomy and radiation therapy (XRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: From all 477 @entity1 with stage I or II @entity4797 treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center (Houston, TX) with post-orchiectomy megavoltage XRT between 1951 and 1999, 453 never sustained relapse of their disease. Long-term survival for these 453 @entity1 was evaluated with the @entity1 -years method to determine the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). SMRs were calculated for all causes of @entity204 , @entity204 , and @entity5 deaths using standard US data for males. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 13.3 years, the 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-year actuarial survival rates were 93%, 79%, 59%, and 26%, respectively. The all-cause SMR over the entire observation interval was 1.59 (99% CI, 1.21 to 2.04). The SMR was not excessive for the first 15 years of follow-up: SMR, 1.30 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.77); but beyond 15 years the SMR was 1.85 (99% CI, 1.30 to 2.55). The overall cardiac-specific SMR was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.24). The cardiac SMR was significantly elevated only beyond 15 years (P <.01). The overall @entity5 -specific SMR was 1.91 (99% CI, 1.14 to 2.98). The @entity5 SMR was also significant only after 15 years of follow-up (P <.01). An increased mortality was evident in @entity1 treated with and without mediastinal XRT. CONCLUSION: Long-term survivors of @entity4797 treated with post-orchiectomy XRT are at significant excess risk of @entity204 as a result of @entity299 or second @entity5 . Management strategies that minimize these risks but maintain the excellent hitherto observed cure rates need to be actively pursued.

title: Mortality after cure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular seminoma', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['testicular seminoma']


abstract: Ninety-seven @entity1 with supratentorial @entity11 who received postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1977 through 1984 showed improvement in their follow-up computerized tomography (CT) scans. Twenty-one of these 97 "CT responders" were designated "complete responders" because on serial CT scans they had @entity5 mass and contrast enhancement, which had been present postoperatively. In the remaining 76 @entity1 , CT scans showed reduction in the size, but not disappearance, of the lesions, and these were designated "partial responders." Fifty-eight partial responders had @entity463 ( @entity463 ); their median survival time was 72 weeks. The median survival time for the 11 complete responders with @entity463 has not yet been achieved, but survival at the 53rd percentile is 172 weeks. Among @entity1 with highly anaplastic astrocytoma, the median survival time was 211 weeks for the 10 complete responders and 125 weeks for the 18 partial responders. Eleven of the 21 complete responders are alive at a median postoperative follow-up time of 163 weeks (range 114 to 470 weeks). Eighteen of these @entity1 had subtotal resection of @entity5 ; three @entity1 had gross total @entity5 resections, but postoperative CT scans showed evidence of residual or possibly recurrent @entity5 within 1.5 to 4.5 months. Resolution of the @entity5 mass and contrast enhancement took 9 to 151 weeks; the time to resolution did not depend upon the configuration of the remaining @entity5 mass and contrast enhancement after surgery. In this study, @entity1 with @entity11 whose CT scans eventually showed sustained @entity5 mass and contrast enhancement had a more favorable prognosis than did @entity1 whose CT scans showed improvement, but not complete disappearance, of the @entity5 . These CT findings may prove useful in determining the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity11 .

title: Computerized tomography in the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete disappearance of the tumor']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant cerebral gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The injection of small doses of local anesthetic solutions through pencil-point directional needles and maintaining the lateral decubitus position for 15 to 30 minutes after the injection have been suggested to facilitate the unilateral distribution of spinal anesthesia. We evaluated the effects of hypobaric and hyperbaric @entity1341 in attempting to achieve unilateral spinal anesthesia for @entity1 undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 were randomly allocated into 2 groups to receive either 1.5 mL hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% (7.5 mg; n = 25) or 4.2 mL hypobaric @entity1341 0.18% (7.5 mg; n = 25). Drugs were administered at the @entity6357 interspace with the @entity1 in the lateral position. @entity1 remained in this position for 15 minutes before turning supine for the operation. Spinal block was assessed by pinprick and modified Bromage scale on both sides. RESULTS: Unilateral spinal block was observed in 20 @entity1 in the hyperbaric group (80%) and in 19 @entity1 in the hypobaric group (76%) while in the lateral position. However, 15 minutes after @entity1 were turned supine, unilateral spinal anesthesia decreased to 68% of cases in the hyperbaric group and 24% of cases in the hypobaric group (P <.05). The motor block was more intense during the first 5 and 10 minutes (P <.05), but at the end of operation there was no difference between the groups. The hemodynamic changes were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: As a result, unilateral spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric and hypobaric @entity1341 provided a rapid motor and sensory recovery and good hemodynamic stability, but more unilateral spinal block was achieved in @entity1 in the hyperbaric group when compared with @entity1 in the hypobaric group.

title: A low-dose XXXX : a comparison of hyperbaric and hypobaric solutions for unilateral spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']