abstract: The present study examined whether a moderately aversive abdominal threat would lead to greater enhancement in affect- and @entity158 -related defensive responding as indexed by the acoustic @entity427 reflex (ASR) and nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . We also predicted sex differences in threat-related autonomic arousal measured by @entity272 ( @entity272 ) to acoustic @entity427 and noxious sural nerve stimulation. Unpredictable threat was manipulated by alternating 30-second safe ("no abdominal stimulation will be given") and threat ("abdominal stimulation may occur at anytime") periods. The experiment consisted of 2 blocks, each containing 4 safe and 4 threat periods in which the ASR or NFR was randomly probed 9-21 seconds following period onset. Unpredictable abdominal threat potentiated both ASR and NFR responses compared to periods signaling safety. @entity272 to acoustic @entity427 probes and noxious sural nerve stimulation were also significantly elevated during the threat vs safe periods. No sex differences in ASR or @entity427 -evoked @entity272 emerged. However, nociceptive responding was moderated by sex; females showed significant increases in NFR magnitudes across both safe and threat periods compared to males. Females also showed greater threat-potentiated @entity272 to sural nerve stimulation than males. Our findings indicate that both affect- and @entity158 and arousal systems are strongly influenced by threat of an aversive, unpredictable event, a situation associated with anticipatory @entity148 . Females, compared to males, showed greater nociceptive responding and @entity158 modulation when exposed to an unpredictable threatening context, whereas affect-driven ASR responses showed no such sex differentiation.

title: Modulation of nociceptive and acoustic @entity427 responses to an unpredictable threat in XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The present study examined whether a moderately aversive abdominal threat would lead to greater enhancement in affect- and @entity158 -related defensive responding as indexed by the acoustic @entity427 reflex (ASR) and nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . We also predicted sex differences in threat-related autonomic arousal measured by @entity272 ( @entity272 ) to acoustic @entity427 and noxious sural nerve stimulation. Unpredictable threat was manipulated by alternating 30-second safe ("no abdominal stimulation will be given") and threat ("abdominal stimulation may occur at anytime") periods. The experiment consisted of 2 blocks, each containing 4 safe and 4 threat periods in which the ASR or NFR was randomly probed 9-21 seconds following period onset. Unpredictable abdominal threat potentiated both ASR and NFR responses compared to periods signaling safety. @entity272 to acoustic @entity427 probes and noxious sural nerve stimulation were also significantly elevated during the threat vs safe periods. No sex differences in ASR or @entity427 -evoked @entity272 emerged. However, nociceptive responding was moderated by sex; females showed significant increases in NFR magnitudes across both safe and threat periods compared to males. Females also showed greater threat-potentiated @entity272 to sural nerve stimulation than males. Our findings indicate that both affect- and @entity158 and arousal systems are strongly influenced by threat of an aversive, unpredictable event, a situation associated with anticipatory @entity148 . Females, compared to males, showed greater nociceptive responding and @entity158 modulation when exposed to an unpredictable threatening context, whereas affect-driven ASR responses showed no such sex differentiation.

title: Modulation of nociceptive and acoustic @entity427 responses to an unpredictable threat in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related defense', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SCRs', 'skin conductance responses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if principal component analysis (PCA) and standard parameters of rectal and bladder wall dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of @entity263 @entity1 treated with hypofractionated image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (hypo-IMRT) can predict @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred twenty-one @entity1 underwent hypo-IMRT at 3 Gy/fraction, 5 days/week to either 60 Gy or 66 Gy, with daily online image guidance. @entity344 were recorded weekly during treatment and at each follow-up. All Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria @entity137 scores were dichotomized as <2 and >= 2. Standard dosimetric parameters and the first five to six principal components (PCs) of bladder and rectal wall DVHs were tested for association with the dichotomized @entity137 outcomes, using logistic regression. RESULTS: Median follow-up of all @entity1 was 47 months (60 Gy cohort = 52 months; 66 Gy cohort = 31 months). The incidence rates of >= 2 acute GI and GU @entity137 were 14% and 29%, respectively, with no Grade >= 3 acute GU @entity137 . Late GI and GU @entity137 scores >= 2 were 16% and 15%, respectively. There was a significant difference in late @entity344 >= 2 when comparing the 66 Gy to the 60 Gy cohort (38% vs. 8%, respectively, p = 0.0003). The first PC of the rectal DVH was associated with late @entity344 (odds ratio [OR], 6.91; p < 0.001), though it was not significantly stronger than standard DVH parameters such as Dmax (OR, 6.9; p < 0.001) or percentage of the organ receiving a 50% dose (V50) (OR, 5.95; p = 0 .001). CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated treatment with 60 Gy in 3 Gy fractions is well tolerated. There is a steep dose response curve between 60 Gy and 66 Gy for RTOG Grade >= 2 GI effects with the dose constraints employed. Although PCA can predict late @entity344 for @entity1 treated with hypo-IMRT for @entity263 , it provides no additional information over using more standard DVH parameters.

title: Role of principal component analysis in predicting XXXX in @entity263 @entity1 treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'acute and late gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity', 'Acute and late GI and genitourinary (GU) toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if principal component analysis (PCA) and standard parameters of rectal and bladder wall dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of @entity263 @entity1 treated with hypofractionated image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (hypo-IMRT) can predict @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred twenty-one @entity1 underwent hypo-IMRT at 3 Gy/fraction, 5 days/week to either 60 Gy or 66 Gy, with daily online image guidance. @entity344 were recorded weekly during treatment and at each follow-up. All Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria @entity137 scores were dichotomized as <2 and >= 2. Standard dosimetric parameters and the first five to six principal components (PCs) of bladder and rectal wall DVHs were tested for association with the dichotomized @entity137 outcomes, using logistic regression. RESULTS: Median follow-up of all @entity1 was 47 months (60 Gy cohort = 52 months; 66 Gy cohort = 31 months). The incidence rates of >= 2 acute GI and GU @entity137 were 14% and 29%, respectively, with no Grade >= 3 acute GU @entity137 . Late GI and GU @entity137 scores >= 2 were 16% and 15%, respectively. There was a significant difference in late @entity344 >= 2 when comparing the 66 Gy to the 60 Gy cohort (38% vs. 8%, respectively, p = 0.0003). The first PC of the rectal DVH was associated with late @entity344 (odds ratio [OR], 6.91; p < 0.001), though it was not significantly stronger than standard DVH parameters such as Dmax (OR, 6.9; p < 0.001) or percentage of the organ receiving a 50% dose (V50) (OR, 5.95; p = 0 .001). CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated treatment with 60 Gy in 3 Gy fractions is well tolerated. There is a steep dose response curve between 60 Gy and 66 Gy for RTOG Grade >= 2 GI effects with the dose constraints employed. Although PCA can predict late @entity344 for @entity1 treated with hypo-IMRT for @entity263 , it provides no additional information over using more standard DVH parameters.

title: Role of principal component analysis in predicting @entity137 in XXXX @entity1 treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if principal component analysis (PCA) and standard parameters of rectal and bladder wall dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of @entity263 @entity1 treated with hypofractionated image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (hypo-IMRT) can predict @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred twenty-one @entity1 underwent hypo-IMRT at 3 Gy/fraction, 5 days/week to either 60 Gy or 66 Gy, with daily online image guidance. @entity344 were recorded weekly during treatment and at each follow-up. All Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria @entity137 scores were dichotomized as <2 and >= 2. Standard dosimetric parameters and the first five to six principal components (PCs) of bladder and rectal wall DVHs were tested for association with the dichotomized @entity137 outcomes, using logistic regression. RESULTS: Median follow-up of all @entity1 was 47 months (60 Gy cohort = 52 months; 66 Gy cohort = 31 months). The incidence rates of >= 2 acute GI and GU @entity137 were 14% and 29%, respectively, with no Grade >= 3 acute GU @entity137 . Late GI and GU @entity137 scores >= 2 were 16% and 15%, respectively. There was a significant difference in late @entity344 >= 2 when comparing the 66 Gy to the 60 Gy cohort (38% vs. 8%, respectively, p = 0.0003). The first PC of the rectal DVH was associated with late @entity344 (odds ratio [OR], 6.91; p < 0.001), though it was not significantly stronger than standard DVH parameters such as Dmax (OR, 6.9; p < 0.001) or percentage of the organ receiving a 50% dose (V50) (OR, 5.95; p = 0 .001). CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated treatment with 60 Gy in 3 Gy fractions is well tolerated. There is a steep dose response curve between 60 Gy and 66 Gy for RTOG Grade >= 2 GI effects with the dose constraints employed. Although PCA can predict late @entity344 for @entity1 treated with hypo-IMRT for @entity263 , it provides no additional information over using more standard DVH parameters.

title: Role of principal component analysis in predicting @entity137 in @entity263 XXXX treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The ear of the @entity19 is useful for studying the effects of ultraviolet light on epidermal pigment cells. The quantity of light penetrating into the skin causing an inflammatory response can be assessed easily by measuring with an engineering calipers the swelling of the ear. The inflammatory response of the ear exhibits a linear relationship to the dose of light delivered. We observed that doses of shortwave ultraviolet light which are noninflammatory when repeated at daily intervals induce moderate to severe @entity32 . Small doses of psoralen and prolonged exposure to UVA (PUVA) were more inflammatory than larger amounts of psoralen and short exposure to light. Doses of shortwave ultraviolet light and PUVA which produce only a minimal @entity32 of the skin stimulate the proliferation of epidermal melanocytes. In contrast, PUVA in doses sufficiently large to cause a marked inflammatory reaction in the skin seems injurious to pigment cells and kills them or causes only a minimal proliferative response. The inflammatory reaction itself does not seem to stimulate or inhibit the proliferation of melanocytes. @entity6987 , E, and F2 alpha have no effect on the proliferation of epidermal pigment cells. In contrast, @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) and @entity3408 increase the numerical density of pigment cells. @entity230 may block the function of the enzyme tyrosinase. Our experiments indicate that pigment cells, like many other varieties of cells, are susceptible to injury and can be killed at least by large doses of PUVA.

title: The proliferative and toxic effects of ultraviolet light and XXXX on epidermal pigment cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6987 :: ('MESH:D011454', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandins A']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: A age-related morphological changes in @entity9497 and knock knees were studied on roentgenograms taken in a standing , notably on alignment of the lower extremities. In the present study comparisons of chronological changes of this alignment, which was assessed by the femoro-tibial angle, were made between 3 groups of @entity1 under 16 years of age: 350 controls (656 legs), 148 with genu varum (296 legs) and 176 with genu valgum (252 legs). Bone growth at the lower end of the femur and at the upper end of the tibia was found to influence most closely on the changes in the femoro-tibial angle. The femoro-tibial angle of the controls under 3 years of age showed more than 180 degrees, the lower extremities were bowed outwardly, and the axes of the femoral shafts were medially tilted. From the age of 3 to 5 years the lower extremities reversely tended to be knocked inwardly owing to gradual growth of the lateral condyles of the femur and the tibia. Then, with advancing age, the @entity2270 of the femoral shaft again tended to tilt outwardly and at the same time the @entity2270 tended to be tilted inwardly. Since these changes in the direction of bone axes are counter-balanced, the femoro-tibial angle tended to be 177.37 degrees, approximating to the value of the japanese adults (176 degrees - 178 degrees). Then, the femoro-tibial angle can be estimated by measuring an angle between the proximal epiphyseal line and the @entity2270 of the tibial shaft. In @entity1 with knock knees there occurred no marked chronological changes in bone alignment and the lower extremities were always knocked inwardly as compared with the controls. In @entity1 with @entity9497 , on the other hand, the @entity85 tended to be normalized notably with the age advancing as a result of growth of the medial condyle of the femur. The mechanical @entity2270 of the lower extremity passed through somewhat lateral side to the center of the knee in the most of the controls aged from 2 to 5 years and through a little medial side in those of the other age group. In @entity1 with knock knees and in those with @entity9497 , on the other hand, the @entity2270 was always found to pass through the laternal and the medial side, respectively, to the center of the knee. The rate of deviation of the @entity2270 was noted in correlation with the femoro-tibial angle with coefficient index of 0.855 in the controls, 0.875 in a group of knock knees and 0.951 in a group of @entity9497 .

title: [A roentgenographical study on chronological changes in genu varum and valgum in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'tibial axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The gas chromatographic assay method for @entity70960 , a @entity1670 prodrug, and its hydrolysates was developed. The behavior of the drug in gastrointestinal tract was investigated in @entity35 by using the method. The disappearance and hydrolysis of the drug were not observed in the gastric loop until 30 min. The rate of disappearance from the intestinal loop was 36.7% at 30 min which was significantly smaller than that of @entity1670 . Little hydrolysis of the drug was observed in the buffer solution, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees up to 2 hr. However, the consecutive hydrolysis was observed when the drug was incubated with everted intestine or plasma. As to the rate of hydrolysis of the drug and its esterform hydrolysates by scraped intestinal mucosa, the @entity13507 to which the larger number of @entity1670 was bound was hydrolyzed more rapidly. These results indicate that the orally administered drug is enzymatically hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa by a consecutive reaction. Although the hydrolysis rate of @entity70960 is rapid, the rate of its @entity13507 -form hydrolysate becomes slower gradually as the @entity1670 is released. The released @entity1670 is rapidly absorbed. The behavior of the drug revealed in this study suggests that @entity70960 is useful as a prodrug of @entity1670 .

title: The behavior of XXXX in @entity35 gastrointestinal tract as a prodrug.

entities_list: @entity70960 :: ('MESH:D009531', 'Chemical') :: ['pentaerythritol tetranicotinate']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

answer: @entity70960 :: (MESH:D009531,Chemical) :: ['pentaerythritol tetranicotinate']


abstract: The gas chromatographic assay method for @entity70960 , a @entity1670 prodrug, and its hydrolysates was developed. The behavior of the drug in gastrointestinal tract was investigated in @entity35 by using the method. The disappearance and hydrolysis of the drug were not observed in the gastric loop until 30 min. The rate of disappearance from the intestinal loop was 36.7% at 30 min which was significantly smaller than that of @entity1670 . Little hydrolysis of the drug was observed in the buffer solution, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees up to 2 hr. However, the consecutive hydrolysis was observed when the drug was incubated with everted intestine or plasma. As to the rate of hydrolysis of the drug and its esterform hydrolysates by scraped intestinal mucosa, the @entity13507 to which the larger number of @entity1670 was bound was hydrolyzed more rapidly. These results indicate that the orally administered drug is enzymatically hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa by a consecutive reaction. Although the hydrolysis rate of @entity70960 is rapid, the rate of its @entity13507 -form hydrolysate becomes slower gradually as the @entity1670 is released. The released @entity1670 is rapidly absorbed. The behavior of the drug revealed in this study suggests that @entity70960 is useful as a prodrug of @entity1670 .

title: The behavior of @entity70960 in XXXX gastrointestinal tract as a prodrug.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Endotoxaemia is frequently presumed on the basis of clinical signs in @entity1641 with colic. OBJECTIVE: Measurements of plasma endotoxin ( @entity558 ) are rarely made in clinical cases and there is little information on the correlations between this variable, clinical variables and outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To measure @entity558 levels in plasma of @entity1641 presented to the Philip Leverhulme @entity1641 Hospital on admission and daily for up to 4 days and to relate @entity558 levels to selected clinical parameters, such as heart rate and packed cell volume, and outcomes. METHODS: Blood samples were collected and stored at -20  C prior to assay of the plasma using a validated kinetic chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. Clinical parameters and outcome variables were collected from hospital records. Associations were determined by Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Daily blood samples were collected from 234 @entity1641 . @entity558 was detected in 26.5% of the study population and in 29% of those @entity1641 presented for colic. @entity1641 providing samples with detectable @entity558 were more likely to die whilst in the hospital than those that did not (P = 0.045). @entity1641 presenting with colic were more likely to have detectable @entity558 in their plasma than noncolic cases (P = 0.037), although @entity558 was detected in the plasma of 8 out of 42 noncolic @entity1641 . A @entity1641 that did not meet the study definition of clinical endotoxaemia was 10 times less likely to provide a positive @entity558 sample (OR 0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.22). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1641 providing samples with detectable @entity558 was similar to other studies. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: @entity558 was detected in the minority of @entity1641 presented with colic. Increased levels of @entity558 positively correlated with packed cell volume and with risk of mortality in colic cases.

title: Plasma endotoxin in XXXX presented to an @entity1641 referral hospital: correlation to selected clinical parameters and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Equine', 'Horses', 'horse', 'horses']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Endotoxaemia is frequently presumed on the basis of clinical signs in @entity1641 with colic. OBJECTIVE: Measurements of plasma endotoxin ( @entity558 ) are rarely made in clinical cases and there is little information on the correlations between this variable, clinical variables and outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To measure @entity558 levels in plasma of @entity1641 presented to the Philip Leverhulme @entity1641 Hospital on admission and daily for up to 4 days and to relate @entity558 levels to selected clinical parameters, such as heart rate and packed cell volume, and outcomes. METHODS: Blood samples were collected and stored at -20  C prior to assay of the plasma using a validated kinetic chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. Clinical parameters and outcome variables were collected from hospital records. Associations were determined by Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Daily blood samples were collected from 234 @entity1641 . @entity558 was detected in 26.5% of the study population and in 29% of those @entity1641 presented for colic. @entity1641 providing samples with detectable @entity558 were more likely to die whilst in the hospital than those that did not (P = 0.045). @entity1641 presenting with colic were more likely to have detectable @entity558 in their plasma than noncolic cases (P = 0.037), although @entity558 was detected in the plasma of 8 out of 42 noncolic @entity1641 . A @entity1641 that did not meet the study definition of clinical endotoxaemia was 10 times less likely to provide a positive @entity558 sample (OR 0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.22). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1641 providing samples with detectable @entity558 was similar to other studies. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: @entity558 was detected in the minority of @entity1641 presented with colic. Increased levels of @entity558 positively correlated with packed cell volume and with risk of mortality in colic cases.

title: Plasma endotoxin in @entity1641 presented to an XXXX referral hospital: correlation to selected clinical parameters and outcomes.

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Evaluation of @entity1641 body fat content is important for nutritional and clinical purposes. However, our understanding of total body fat and its regional distribution in the body is sparse. Currently, body fat evaluation relies on the subjective assessment of @entity558 score (BCS), which has never been validated against 'gold standard' chemical analysis or dissection measurements in ponies. OBJECTIVES: To define the relationships between subjective (BCS), objective (morphometric) indices of body fat and 'gold standard' measurements of actual body composition. HYPOTHESES: BCS and morphometry offer valid, noninvasive methods for determination of body fat in equids. METHODS: Seven mature (mean    s.e. 13    3 years, 212    14   kg, BCS 1.25-7/9), Welsh Mountain pony mares, destined for euthanasia (for nonresearch purposes), were used. For all ponies, body mass (BM), BCS and various morphometric measurements were recorded. Following euthanasia, all ponies were systematically dissected. Discrete @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) depots were independently described. Gross, body chemical composition was determined by proximate analyses. RESULTS: Total somatic soft tissues increased linearly (r(2) = 1.00), whereas body @entity1386 content (1-26% live BM) increased exponentially (r(2) = 0.96), with BCS. @entity1386 was equally distributed between internal and external sites in all animals irrespective of BCS. Nuchal fat was a poor predictor of total @entity1386 (r(2) = 0.66). Periorbital @entity1386 did not alter with BCS (r(2) = 0.01). Heart girth:withers height and ultrasonic retroperitoneal fat depth were closely associated with total, chemically-extracted lipid which comprised 1-29% live BM (r(2) = 0.91 and 0.88, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The exponential relationship between BCS and total body @entity1386 /lipid suggests that BCS is unlikely to be a sensitive index of body fat for animals in moderate-obese states. Morphometric measurements (body girths and retroperitonel fat depth) may be useful to augment subjective BCS systems.

title: Assessment of body fat in the pony: part I. Relationships between the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue, body composition and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['body condition']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['WAT', 'white adipose tissue']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['body condition']


abstract: Serum @entity5632 was measured by radioimmunoassay in 143 @entity1 with various @entity121 including 55 @entity1 with @entity1555 , 56 carriers of the @entity1555 gene, 8 carriers of the @entity1555 gene, 60 first-degree relatives of @entity1 with sporadic (non-genetically transmitted) @entity121 and 85 normal controls. A significant difference (P less than 0.001) was found between the serum @entity5632 levels in normal control @entity1 (x = 31.7 range 10-70 microgram/l) and those in @entity1 (x = 17.2 range 4-27 microgram/l) but no difference was found between the controls and relatives of @entity1 with @entity121 . Up to the age of 60 years, no correlation was found between age and serum @entity5632 levels in controls. However, levels in @entity1 with @entity1555 were found to increase slightly up to the age of 10 years and to decrease thereafter. No correlation was found between serum @entity5632 and @entity908 kinase activity in these @entity1 but in Duchenne carriers correlation was close (P less than 0.001). Eighteen of 23 definite and 13 of 33 possible carriers of @entity1555 had @entity5632 concentrations above the equivalent normal range. Of those carriers with elevated @entity5632 levels, 7 definite and 4 possible carriers had normal serum @entity908 kinase activity. This was equivalent to an improvement in "detection" of 31% and 12% in these groups of carriers. Of the 8 @entity1555 carriers, 6 had elevated @entity5632 but all had normal @entity908 kinase levels. It appears that measurement of serum @entity5632 as well as @entity908 kinase activity may be of great benefit to carrier detection programmers, but the need to establish accurately the extent of normal variation in @entity1 is emphasized.

title: Serum XXXX in muscular dystrophy and carrier detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne dystrophy', 'Becker dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease', 'muscle diseases']

answer: @entity5632 :: (4151,Gene) :: ['myoglobin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6391 , also known as @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ), and @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) @entity1105 leading to @entity1939 . To identify new genes responsible for these diseases, we have studied one large non consanguineous French family with @entity6121 . METHODS: Family members underwent detailed ophthalmological examination. Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers and a whole-genome SNP analysis with the use of Affymetrix 250 K SNP chips were performed. Five candidate genes within the candidate region were screened for mutations by direct sequencing. RESULTS: We first excluded the involvement of known @entity20034 and adCRD genes in the family by genotyping and linkage analysis. Then, we undertook a whole-genome scan on 22 individuals in the family. The analysis revealed a 41.3-Mb locus on position 2q24.2-2q33.1. This locus was confirmed by linkage analysis with specific markers of this region. The maximum LOD score was 2.86 at    = 0 for this locus. Five candidate genes, @entity72995 , @entity72996 , @entity72997 , @entity32846 , and @entity19982 within this locus, were not mutated. CONCLUSION: A novel locus for adCRD, named @entity5439 , has been mapped to chromosome 2q24.2-2q33.1 in a non consanguineous French family.

title: A novel locus ( XXXX ) for @entity6121 on chromosome 2q24.2-2q33.1.

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['are degenerative retinal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'Rod-cone dystrophy', 'CRD', 'cone-rod dystrophy', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity6121 :: ('MESH:C566719', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant (ad) CRD']

answer: @entity5439 :: (8842,Gene) :: ['CORD12']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6391 , also known as @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ), and @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) @entity1105 leading to @entity1939 . To identify new genes responsible for these diseases, we have studied one large non consanguineous French family with @entity6121 . METHODS: Family members underwent detailed ophthalmological examination. Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers and a whole-genome SNP analysis with the use of Affymetrix 250 K SNP chips were performed. Five candidate genes within the candidate region were screened for mutations by direct sequencing. RESULTS: We first excluded the involvement of known @entity20034 and adCRD genes in the family by genotyping and linkage analysis. Then, we undertook a whole-genome scan on 22 individuals in the family. The analysis revealed a 41.3-Mb locus on position 2q24.2-2q33.1. This locus was confirmed by linkage analysis with specific markers of this region. The maximum LOD score was 2.86 at    = 0 for this locus. Five candidate genes, @entity72995 , @entity72996 , @entity72997 , @entity32846 , and @entity19982 within this locus, were not mutated. CONCLUSION: A novel locus for adCRD, named @entity5439 , has been mapped to chromosome 2q24.2-2q33.1 in a non consanguineous French family.

title: A novel locus ( @entity5439 ) for XXXX on chromosome 2q24.2-2q33.1.

answer: @entity6121 :: (MESH:C566719,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality outcomes of @entity242 in a large cohort compared with @entity1544 . METHODS: @entity1 with primary invasive @entity242 , @entity957 , and @entity420 diagnosed between 1988 and 2010 were identified within the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Parametric and nonparametric methods were used to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 among the three @entity5 types as well as between @entity242 histologic subtypes. Overall and @entity5 -specific mortality outcomes were examined using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The final cohort consisted of 3,121 @entity1 with @entity957 , 720 @entity1 with @entity420 , and 221 @entity1 with @entity242 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity957 and @entity420 , @entity1 diagnosed with @entity242 tended to be younger, have @entity5 with less regional extension and lymph node positivity, and be treated primarily with surgery without radiation. In unadjusted analysis, 5-year mortality rates border 30% for all three histologies. After adjusting for other prognostic factors including use of radiation and surgery, @entity1 with @entity242 had a 69% greater risk of @entity5 -related mortality compared with @entity1 with @entity957 (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.26-2.26). Although @entity242 histology failed to associate with mortality risk, age, @entity5 extension and @entity3 , and surgery were poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity242 are @entity146 with different presenting characteristics and increased adjusted risk of mortality compared with squamous cell and @entity420 subtypes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Comparing mortality of @entity242 , XXXX , and @entity420 in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'vaginal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal squamous cell and adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality outcomes of @entity242 in a large cohort compared with @entity1544 . METHODS: @entity1 with primary invasive @entity242 , @entity957 , and @entity420 diagnosed between 1988 and 2010 were identified within the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Parametric and nonparametric methods were used to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 among the three @entity5 types as well as between @entity242 histologic subtypes. Overall and @entity5 -specific mortality outcomes were examined using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The final cohort consisted of 3,121 @entity1 with @entity957 , 720 @entity1 with @entity420 , and 221 @entity1 with @entity242 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity957 and @entity420 , @entity1 diagnosed with @entity242 tended to be younger, have @entity5 with less regional extension and lymph node positivity, and be treated primarily with surgery without radiation. In unadjusted analysis, 5-year mortality rates border 30% for all three histologies. After adjusting for other prognostic factors including use of radiation and surgery, @entity1 with @entity242 had a 69% greater risk of @entity5 -related mortality compared with @entity1 with @entity957 (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.26-2.26). Although @entity242 histology failed to associate with mortality risk, age, @entity5 extension and @entity3 , and surgery were poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity242 are @entity146 with different presenting characteristics and increased adjusted risk of mortality compared with squamous cell and @entity420 subtypes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Comparing mortality of @entity242 , @entity957 , and XXXX in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality outcomes of @entity242 in a large cohort compared with @entity1544 . METHODS: @entity1 with primary invasive @entity242 , @entity957 , and @entity420 diagnosed between 1988 and 2010 were identified within the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Parametric and nonparametric methods were used to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 among the three @entity5 types as well as between @entity242 histologic subtypes. Overall and @entity5 -specific mortality outcomes were examined using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The final cohort consisted of 3,121 @entity1 with @entity957 , 720 @entity1 with @entity420 , and 221 @entity1 with @entity242 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity957 and @entity420 , @entity1 diagnosed with @entity242 tended to be younger, have @entity5 with less regional extension and lymph node positivity, and be treated primarily with surgery without radiation. In unadjusted analysis, 5-year mortality rates border 30% for all three histologies. After adjusting for other prognostic factors including use of radiation and surgery, @entity1 with @entity242 had a 69% greater risk of @entity5 -related mortality compared with @entity1 with @entity957 (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.26-2.26). Although @entity242 histology failed to associate with mortality risk, age, @entity5 extension and @entity3 , and surgery were poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity242 are @entity146 with different presenting characteristics and increased adjusted risk of mortality compared with squamous cell and @entity420 subtypes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Comparing mortality of XXXX , @entity957 , and @entity420 in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['vaginal sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our intermediate experience in treating @entity1 with severe @entity322 using an adjustable perineal male sling with a tissue expander. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An adjustable male sling procedure was performed on 21 @entity1 with severe @entity322 . The underlying etiology of @entity322 was radical prostatectomy in 13 @entity1 , open prostatectomy in 5 @entity1 and transurethral prostate resection in 3 @entity1 . The difference between the classical and the adjustable sling is that in the latter there is a 25 mL tissue expander between the two layers of @entity7502 mesh with an injection port. Adjustment of the sling was performed with saline via an inflation port, in case of recurrence or persistence of @entity322 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 66.2  7.3 (50-79) years and mean pad usage was 6.4  0.6 per day. The mean follow-up time was 40.1  23.2 (6-74) months. The balloon was postoperatively inflated on average with 11.6  5.7 (5-25) mL. After the mean 40.1 months of follow-up, 16 of the 21 @entity1 (76.2%) were dry (11 @entity1 , 0 pads; 5 @entity1 using safety pads), 3 @entity1 (14%) had mild and 2 (9.8%) had moderate degree @entity322 ( @entity322 ). The average maximum urine flow rate of the @entity1 was 15.6  4.7 (10-31) mL/s. No residual urine was found. In 2 @entity1 , all parts of the device were removed due to @entity281 and discomfort, and in 3 @entity1 only the inflation component was removed due to @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that using an adjustable perineal male sling with a tissue expander seems to be an efficient, and safe surgical treatment option in @entity1 with @entity322 .

title: Adjustable perineal male sling using tissue expander as an effective treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'local scrotal infection']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence', 'PPI']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the article is to report our long-term results of minilaparoscopic @entity169 repair in @entity1 . METHODS: Between September 2003 and September 2008, 161 @entity1 with @entity169 were treated with minilaparoscopic herniorrhaphy. The asymptomatic contralateral internal ring was routinely explored and repaired if a patent processus vaginalis of not less than 2 cm was noted. @entity1 who were followed for less than 1 year and those who were lost to follow-up were excluded from the study. @entity260 and @entity547 recurrences were documented. RESULTS: In total, 146 @entity1 were eligible for final analysis. A total of 196 minilaparoscopic herniorrhaphies were performed. The mean follow-up period was 3 years. There were 4 @entity547 recurrences (2%) in 3 @entity1 . There were no procedure-related complications. None of the @entity1 with a negative contralateral exploration or a contralateral patent processus vaginalis of less than 2 cm had a contralateral metachronous @entity169 . CONCLUSIONS: Our long-term results reveal that minilaparoscopic herniorrhaphy combined with @entity547 sac transection is a safe and effective alternative treatment to standard open herniotomy.

title: Minilaparoscopic herniorrhaphy in XXXX : a durable alternative treatment tostandard herniotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative and postoperative complications']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['pediatric inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impaired @entity410 ( @entity410 ) status is a hallmark in @entity28 individuals, especially in @entity1 around the world. Some field tests have been proposed to evaluate functional capacity in this population. The Six-Minute Step Test (6MST) could be a feasible alternative to @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) if the resources and space are limited. However, an optimal performance cutoff using the 6MST as well as predictive equations of metabolic and cardiovascular responses to @entity1167 from 6MST data have to not been established. AIM: To assess the 6MST accuracy to determinate @entity410 and its ability to predict peak @entity26 consumption (VO2) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) achieved during @entity1167 in @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN: Observational and cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was performed at a Physiotherapy Department of a public University and enrolled individuals from the community. POPULATION: Fifty-six @entity28 @entity1 (35  7 years old). METHODS: Subjects underwent a clinical evaluation, @entity1167 , and the 6MST. We applied Bland-Altman plots to assess concurrent validity between exercise tests regarding peak VO2 and @entity299 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis assessed the predictive accuracy of the 6MST; specifically the ability to predict peak VO2 and @entity299 achieved during @entity1167 . Significance level was P<0.05. RESULTS: There was a satisfactory concurrent validity between the @entity1167 and 6MST, with a mean difference of 5.1  3.6 mL  kg-1  @entity1009 and 23  13 bpm in relation to peak VO2 and @entity299 , respectively. The 6MST demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting @entity1167 responses (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83). The number of step cycles and peak @entity299 during the 6MST explained 31% and 39% of the total variance in peak VO2 and @entity299 obtained during @entity1167 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The 6MST is accurate to discriminate @entity28 @entity1 with an adequate @entity410 from @entity1 with a poor status and it can predict metabolic and cardiovascular maximal exercise values. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Our findings indicate the 6MST is a simple and inexpensive functional evaluation tool and may be a valid means of assessing @entity410 in @entity28 @entity1 , particularly in clinical settings where space and resources are limited.

title: The six-minute step test as a predictor of XXXX in @entity28 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'sedentary obese']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary exercise testing', 'CPX']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impaired @entity410 ( @entity410 ) status is a hallmark in @entity28 individuals, especially in @entity1 around the world. Some field tests have been proposed to evaluate functional capacity in this population. The Six-Minute Step Test (6MST) could be a feasible alternative to @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) if the resources and space are limited. However, an optimal performance cutoff using the 6MST as well as predictive equations of metabolic and cardiovascular responses to @entity1167 from 6MST data have to not been established. AIM: To assess the 6MST accuracy to determinate @entity410 and its ability to predict peak @entity26 consumption (VO2) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) achieved during @entity1167 in @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN: Observational and cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was performed at a Physiotherapy Department of a public University and enrolled individuals from the community. POPULATION: Fifty-six @entity28 @entity1 (35  7 years old). METHODS: Subjects underwent a clinical evaluation, @entity1167 , and the 6MST. We applied Bland-Altman plots to assess concurrent validity between exercise tests regarding peak VO2 and @entity299 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis assessed the predictive accuracy of the 6MST; specifically the ability to predict peak VO2 and @entity299 achieved during @entity1167 . Significance level was P<0.05. RESULTS: There was a satisfactory concurrent validity between the @entity1167 and 6MST, with a mean difference of 5.1  3.6 mL  kg-1  @entity1009 and 23  13 bpm in relation to peak VO2 and @entity299 , respectively. The 6MST demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting @entity1167 responses (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83). The number of step cycles and peak @entity299 during the 6MST explained 31% and 39% of the total variance in peak VO2 and @entity299 obtained during @entity1167 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The 6MST is accurate to discriminate @entity28 @entity1 with an adequate @entity410 from @entity1 with a poor status and it can predict metabolic and cardiovascular maximal exercise values. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Our findings indicate the 6MST is a simple and inexpensive functional evaluation tool and may be a valid means of assessing @entity410 in @entity28 @entity1 , particularly in clinical settings where space and resources are limited.

title: The six-minute step test as a predictor of @entity410 in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impaired @entity410 ( @entity410 ) status is a hallmark in @entity28 individuals, especially in @entity1 around the world. Some field tests have been proposed to evaluate functional capacity in this population. The Six-Minute Step Test (6MST) could be a feasible alternative to @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) if the resources and space are limited. However, an optimal performance cutoff using the 6MST as well as predictive equations of metabolic and cardiovascular responses to @entity1167 from 6MST data have to not been established. AIM: To assess the 6MST accuracy to determinate @entity410 and its ability to predict peak @entity26 consumption (VO2) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) achieved during @entity1167 in @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN: Observational and cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was performed at a Physiotherapy Department of a public University and enrolled individuals from the community. POPULATION: Fifty-six @entity28 @entity1 (35  7 years old). METHODS: Subjects underwent a clinical evaluation, @entity1167 , and the 6MST. We applied Bland-Altman plots to assess concurrent validity between exercise tests regarding peak VO2 and @entity299 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis assessed the predictive accuracy of the 6MST; specifically the ability to predict peak VO2 and @entity299 achieved during @entity1167 . Significance level was P<0.05. RESULTS: There was a satisfactory concurrent validity between the @entity1167 and 6MST, with a mean difference of 5.1  3.6 mL  kg-1  @entity1009 and 23  13 bpm in relation to peak VO2 and @entity299 , respectively. The 6MST demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting @entity1167 responses (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83). The number of step cycles and peak @entity299 during the 6MST explained 31% and 39% of the total variance in peak VO2 and @entity299 obtained during @entity1167 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The 6MST is accurate to discriminate @entity28 @entity1 with an adequate @entity410 from @entity1 with a poor status and it can predict metabolic and cardiovascular maximal exercise values. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Our findings indicate the 6MST is a simple and inexpensive functional evaluation tool and may be a valid means of assessing @entity410 in @entity28 @entity1 , particularly in clinical settings where space and resources are limited.

title: The six-minute step test as a predictor of @entity410 in @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnancies in @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Clinical research center. @entity1 (S): 276 adults with cytogenetically proven @entity2689 participating in an intramural natural history protocol. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Menstrual and obstetric histories, 50-cell karyotypes, and cardiovascular evaluation including aortic diameter measurements. RESULT(S): Our cohort included five @entity1 with spontaneous pregnancies and five with pregnancies using assisted reproduction (ART). All five @entity1 with spontaneous pregnancies had spontaneous puberty, despite 45,X in >= 90% of their 50-cell karyotype. @entity1 had a total of 13 pregnancies and 14 live births. One @entity1 had @entity306 ; the others were chromosomally and developmentally normal. Delivery was by cesarean section in four out of seven spontaneous and six out of six ART-related pregnancies. One mother experienced @entity1468 in an ART-related twin pregnancy that required a preterm delivery; she has marked but stable aortic dilation years later. CONCLUSION(S): Approximately 2% of our study cohort experienced spontaneous pregnancies despite high-grade X monosomy, and a similar number achieved pregnancy via oocyte donation and ART. The potential for life-threatening @entity65 warrants comprehensive screening before conception or single-embryo transfer, and caution regarding unintentional pregnancies for @entity2689 @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of spontaneous and assisted pregnancies in XXXX : the U.S. National Institutes of Health experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'child', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity250 has been associated with @entity174 , especially in @entity1 with concomitant urethral injuries. A critical review of the existing literature was performed focusing on the reported definitions of @entity250 , its reported incidence, the presence of related risk factors, the methods of assessing sexual function, the timing of this assessment and its management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed   search engine was used in July 2010 to retrieve articles using the terms " @entity174 " and "sexual function" in their title or abstract, published in the English language, from 1989 onward. The references of the selected publications were also evaluated for potential relevant studies according to set selection criteria. RESULTS: Based on 23 original articles the data of 1,462 @entity1 , with a mean age of 37.7 years (range 15 to 92), were analyzed. The overall mean reported incidence of @entity250 was 35.9% in @entity1 and 39.6% in @entity1 . Various methods were applied for the evaluation of @entity250 , and were questionnaire based in 22 of the 23 studies. Important factors associated with @entity250 were age, @entity174 pattern, presence of @entity130 and injury severity score. CONCLUSIONS: Male and female @entity1 were equally affected by @entity250 following pelvic @entity130 . Limited consensus exists in the definition of @entity250 , the methods and timing of assessment, as well as its management. The existing literature offers limited evidence regarding @entity250 in females, as for both genders in the absence of urogenital initial @entity130 .

title: Sexual function impairment after high energy XXXX : evidence today.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'urogenital injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture', 'pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fractures']


abstract: The possible benefit of oxygenation during initial cold flushing was investigated as means of improving the quality of live preservation in @entity35 . In five group of animals (total 61 experiments), the lives were flushed with different perfusates. Non-oxygenated groups included controls, Collins' solution alone and Collins' solution containing @entity37553 ( @entity37553 ). In the oxygenated groups, Collins' solution alone and collins' solution containing @entity37553 were oxygenated by bubbling. The hepatic @entity855 level and histopathological changes were used to assess the quality of liver preservation. Oxygenation during the initial cooling process proved to be effective in maintaining energy metabolism and preventing the characteristic microscopic changes of @entity2806 . Oxygenated Collins' solution containing @entity37553 showed a much longer lasting effect compared with oxygenated Collins' solution alone. Without @entity37553 . Under light microscopy, in integrity of the liver appeared to be well preserved up to eight hours with the former solution. It is concluded that enhanced oxygenation with @entity37553 in the initial cold flushing period can improve the quality of liver preservation.

title: Maintenance of XXXX liver viability enhanced by cold flushing with oxygenated perfluorochemicals.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity37553 :: ('MESH:C008807', 'Chemical') :: ['FC-43', 'perfluorotributylamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis is an acute @entity66 and potentially fatal reaction, resulting from the rapid release of inflammatory mediators. Its exact prevalence is unknown. In @entity1 , foods are the most significant triggers for IgE-mediated @entity2021 . OBJECTIVES: To characterise the cases of @entity2021 evaluated in an @entity566 Division of a Central Paediatric Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of all cases of @entity2021 evaluated from 2001 to 2009. Anaphylaxis was defined according to Sampson's 2006 criteria. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 had anaphylactic reactions (47 male), of which 64% had history of atopy. Age at time of reaction ranged between 17 days and 15 years old (median: four years). Food was the most frequently identified cause (n=57), followed by drugs (n=8), hymenoptera venom (n=2), and cold (n=1). In five cases there was no identifiable cause. Among foods, @entity291 's milk was the culprit agent in 27 @entity1 . The most severe reaction was a @entity1167 . The most frequent symptoms were respiratory and cutaneous in 51 cases. @entity551 was present in nine cases. There were no fatalities. Most acute reactions were treated with @entity288 and/or antihistamines. @entity1425 was used in only about one quarter of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The most important causes of @entity2021 in our study were foods, and the most common symptoms were respiratory and cutaneous. The prevalence of @entity2021 was higher in males and, in two thirds of @entity1 there was a history of atopy. Despite being the primary and most important treatment for @entity2021 , adrenaline is still used in only a minority of these cases.

title: Anaphylaxis in XXXX : a nine years retrospective study (2001-2009).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study provides a comparison of health behaviors between @entity356 survivors with @entity101 and non- @entity5 subjects in Korea. METHODS: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the period of 2005-2012 were used in this study. A propensity score matching method was used to compare health behaviors. Before the matching of propensity scores, the number of @entity1 was 11034 (102 @entity356 survivors and 10932 non- @entity5 @entity1 ). A 1:5 propensity score matching procedure yielded a total of 480 @entity1 (80 @entity5 @entity1 ) for the final analysis. Drinking, smoking, physical activity, antihypertensive medication adherence, self-reported diet control, and sodium intake accordance in the two groups were compared. A complex samples logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess any differences between the two groups. RESULTS: The group of hypertensive @entity356 survivors had lower alcohol consumption (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.14-0.66; p-value = 0.003). They were more likely to be on dietary control than the control group (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.60-6.10; p-value = 0.001). However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in sodium intake accordance or other health behaviors (including medication adherence, smoking, and physical activity) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that @entity356 survivors with @entity101 were more likely to be on dietary control with lower alcohol consumption than the control group. However, there was no significant difference in sodium intake accordance or other health behaviors between the two groups. Therefore, primary care physicians should inform @entity5 survivors about the appropriate health behaviors to reduce their risk of @entity65 and improve their overall survival rate, even though they say they have been doing health behaviors.

title: Health Behaviors of Korean XXXX Survivors with @entity101 : A Propensity Analysis of KNHANES III-V (2005-2012).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'gastric cancer survivors and 400 non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study provides a comparison of health behaviors between @entity356 survivors with @entity101 and non- @entity5 subjects in Korea. METHODS: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the period of 2005-2012 were used in this study. A propensity score matching method was used to compare health behaviors. Before the matching of propensity scores, the number of @entity1 was 11034 (102 @entity356 survivors and 10932 non- @entity5 @entity1 ). A 1:5 propensity score matching procedure yielded a total of 480 @entity1 (80 @entity5 @entity1 ) for the final analysis. Drinking, smoking, physical activity, antihypertensive medication adherence, self-reported diet control, and sodium intake accordance in the two groups were compared. A complex samples logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess any differences between the two groups. RESULTS: The group of hypertensive @entity356 survivors had lower alcohol consumption (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.14-0.66; p-value = 0.003). They were more likely to be on dietary control than the control group (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.60-6.10; p-value = 0.001). However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in sodium intake accordance or other health behaviors (including medication adherence, smoking, and physical activity) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that @entity356 survivors with @entity101 were more likely to be on dietary control with lower alcohol consumption than the control group. However, there was no significant difference in sodium intake accordance or other health behaviors between the two groups. Therefore, primary care physicians should inform @entity5 survivors about the appropriate health behaviors to reduce their risk of @entity65 and improve their overall survival rate, even though they say they have been doing health behaviors.

title: Health Behaviors of Korean @entity356 Survivors with XXXX : A Propensity Analysis of KNHANES III-V (2005-2012).

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact and type of side-effects in @entity1 treated with cetuximab and provide a description of the general measures and treatment. METHODS: Retrospective safety study. We included all @entity1 that received cetuximab from January to December 2009. All information was obtained from the Pharmacy and Oncology Department's Access databases and reviewed the @entity1 's medical history. All data was registered in an Excel workbook. @entity137 was graded by the current National @entity5 Institute-Common @entity137 Criteria (NCI-CTC). RESULTS: During the study period 43 @entity1 received treatment with cetuximab. @entity31351 was present in 30 of the cases (69.8%): 14 @entity1 with grade 1 (48.3%), 13 with grade 2 (44.8%) and 3 with grade 3 (10.3%). These adverse effects appeared in a median of seven (4-28) days. In a median of 40 (20-56) days, ten @entity1 (23.3%) presented xerosis, and three (7%) suffered @entity158 in hands and feet after a median of 28 (21-35) days. @entity9252 was present in two @entity1 after a median of 42 (35-49) days. Finally, an alteration in hair growth was observed in two @entity1 with overgrowth of facial hair and one @entity1 with overgrowth of the eyelashes. Five @entity1 presented important @entity2024 . Three infusion reactions occurred. A grade-based treatment algorithm was used for all @entity1 that presented cutaneous @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number of @entity1 treated with cetuximab develop dermatological side-effects which left untreated could represent a threat to the efficacy of the therapy. Therefore effective management is mandatory, @entity1 education and immediate treatment based on a grade-based algorithm to alleviate symptoms is necessary, so that @entity1 compliance is guaranteed.

title: [Cutaneous XXXX associated with cetuximab treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'Skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity31351 :: ('MESH:D017486', 'Disease') :: ['Acneiform eruption']

entities_list: @entity9252 :: ('MESH:D010304', 'Disease') :: ['Paronychia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful fissures']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Many @entity1 with @entity2395 have been cured with BMT since the first successful transplant in 1981. Allogeneic stem cell gene therapy is the only treatment option for @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). A total of 11 @entity1 with a median age of 12 years (range, 2-16), affected by @entity3458 , received @entity1583 from HLA-identical, related donors following a myeloablative-conditioning regimen. Indications for transplantation were @entity432 , @entity5837 , @entity2530 , chronic RBC transfusions, or @entity64 . All @entity1 had sustained engraftment. One @entity1 became a stable mixed chimera with 25% of donor cells at 4 years after transplantation. One @entity1 died at 1 year after transplantation. The probability of survival, @entity3458 -free survival and TRM at 5 years after transplant were 90, 90 and 10%, respectively. All 10 surviving @entity1 remained free of any @entity3458 -related events after transplantation. In conclusion, these data confirm @entity12497 from a suitable HLA-matched, related donor should become the primary option for curing @entity1 with @entity3458 . There is an excellent survival rate and a return to normal life, free of @entity3458 -related events.

title: Allogeneic cellular gene therapy in hemoglobinopathies--evaluation of @entity1583 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['acute chest syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic SCT']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive crisis']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular bone necrosis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell anemia']


abstract: Many @entity1 with @entity2395 have been cured with BMT since the first successful transplant in 1981. Allogeneic stem cell gene therapy is the only treatment option for @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). A total of 11 @entity1 with a median age of 12 years (range, 2-16), affected by @entity3458 , received @entity1583 from HLA-identical, related donors following a myeloablative-conditioning regimen. Indications for transplantation were @entity432 , @entity5837 , @entity2530 , chronic RBC transfusions, or @entity64 . All @entity1 had sustained engraftment. One @entity1 became a stable mixed chimera with 25% of donor cells at 4 years after transplantation. One @entity1 died at 1 year after transplantation. The probability of survival, @entity3458 -free survival and TRM at 5 years after transplant were 90, 90 and 10%, respectively. All 10 surviving @entity1 remained free of any @entity3458 -related events after transplantation. In conclusion, these data confirm @entity12497 from a suitable HLA-matched, related donor should become the primary option for curing @entity1 with @entity3458 . There is an excellent survival rate and a return to normal life, free of @entity3458 -related events.

title: Allogeneic cellular gene therapy in hemoglobinopathies--evaluation of XXXX in @entity3458 .

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic SCT']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) prospectively increases the risk of incident @entity65 ( @entity65 ) independent of other risk factors in otherwise healthy individuals. Between 10% and 20% of @entity1 develop @entity1005 related to the traumatic experience of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We investigated the hypothesis that @entity1005 symptoms caused by @entity583 predict adverse cardiovascular outcome. METHODS: We studied 297 @entity1 (61    10 years, 83% @entity1 ) who self-rated @entity1005 symptoms attributable to a previous index @entity583 . Non-fatal @entity65 -related hospital readmissions (i.e. recurrent @entity583 , elective and non-elective intracoronary stenting, bypass surgery, pacemaker implantation, @entity943 , cerebrovascular event) were assessed at follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models controlled for demographic factors, @entity301 severity, major @entity65 risk factors, cardiac medication, and mental health treatment. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (14.5%) experienced an adverse event during a mean follow-up of 2.8 years (range 1.3-3.8). A 10 point higher level in the @entity1005 symptom score (mean 8.8    9.0, range 0-47) revealed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.42 (95% CI 1.07-1.88) for a @entity65 -related hospital readmission in the fully adjusted model. A similarly increased risk (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.97) emerged for @entity1 with a major or unscheduled @entity65 -related readmission (i.e. when excluding @entity1 with elective stenting). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of @entity1005 symptoms caused by @entity583 may adversely impact non-fatal cardiovascular outcome in post- @entity583 @entity1 independent of other important prognostic factors. The possible importance of @entity1005 symptoms as a novel prognostic psychosocial risk factor in post- @entity583 @entity1 warrants further study.

title: Non-fatal cardiovascular outcome in @entity1 with posttraumatic stress symptoms caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) prospectively increases the risk of incident @entity65 ( @entity65 ) independent of other risk factors in otherwise healthy individuals. Between 10% and 20% of @entity1 develop @entity1005 related to the traumatic experience of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We investigated the hypothesis that @entity1005 symptoms caused by @entity583 predict adverse cardiovascular outcome. METHODS: We studied 297 @entity1 (61    10 years, 83% @entity1 ) who self-rated @entity1005 symptoms attributable to a previous index @entity583 . Non-fatal @entity65 -related hospital readmissions (i.e. recurrent @entity583 , elective and non-elective intracoronary stenting, bypass surgery, pacemaker implantation, @entity943 , cerebrovascular event) were assessed at follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models controlled for demographic factors, @entity301 severity, major @entity65 risk factors, cardiac medication, and mental health treatment. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (14.5%) experienced an adverse event during a mean follow-up of 2.8 years (range 1.3-3.8). A 10 point higher level in the @entity1005 symptom score (mean 8.8    9.0, range 0-47) revealed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.42 (95% CI 1.07-1.88) for a @entity65 -related hospital readmission in the fully adjusted model. A similarly increased risk (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.97) emerged for @entity1 with a major or unscheduled @entity65 -related readmission (i.e. when excluding @entity1 with elective stenting). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of @entity1005 symptoms caused by @entity583 may adversely impact non-fatal cardiovascular outcome in post- @entity583 @entity1 independent of other important prognostic factors. The possible importance of @entity1005 symptoms as a novel prognostic psychosocial risk factor in post- @entity583 @entity1 warrants further study.

title: Non-fatal cardiovascular outcome in XXXX with posttraumatic stress symptoms caused by @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of @entity4595 is associated with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates. To date, few reports on the prediction of postoperative morbidity using some preoperative measures have been presented. We present our results regarding the influence of some specific factors on postoperative morbidity on young adult @entity1 who were treated surgically for @entity4595 . METHODS: Between January 2000 and July 2007, 122 @entity1 were operated upon. Female gender, increased number of resected segments, presence of haemoptysis and bilateral disease, compromised pulmonary function test (FEV1/VC<60%) and absence of preoperative fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were examined as the potential risk factors for @entity260 such as persistent air leak (PAL), @entity891 , residual air space (RAS), @entity292 ( @entity292 ) and empyaema. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Morbidity was observed in a total of 16 @entity1 with an overall morbidity rate of 13.1%. Complete resection was achieved in 88 @entity1 (72.1%). The number of resected segments was not found to be significantly associated with increased morbidity. Presence of preoperative haemoptysis did not correlate with @entity260 significantly. Absence of preoperative FOB was not found to be associated with post-operative complications (p<0.05). Compromised PFT was significantly associated with RAS (p=0.028), however it was not associated with increased risk of PAL, @entity891 or empyaema significantly. CONCLUSION: Multi-segmental resectable @entity4595 should not be considered an occult risk factor for morbidity after resection. Associated non-severe haemoptysis and absence of preoperative bronchoscopy are not associated with significant increased risk of postoperative morbidity.

title: The influence of specific factors on postoperative morbidity in young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['BPF', 'bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity3229 ( @entity3229 )-y agonist on the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a @entity19 model of @entity2023 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Animal study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 that received ovalbumin sensitization and challenge served as the ovalbumin group (n = 6). Two separate groups of 6 @entity19 received intragastric administration with @entity3229 -y agonist @entity12098 (30 mg/kg/d) or @entity12098 plus @entity3229 -y antagonist @entity4301 (0.5 mg/d) before each ovalbumin challenge. The control group (n = 6) was treated with drug vehicle alone. Various allergic responses were assessed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of @entity3744 ( @entity3744 ), @entity19985 , and @entity19986 . Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of Tregs. RESULTS: @entity19 developed typical pathophysiological @entity2023 features after the ovalbumin challenge. The frequencies of sneezing and scratching were significantly decreased by @entity12098 treatment (P < .0001). Eosinophils infiltration and the levels of @entity59 and interferon-y in nasal cavity lavage fluid and sera immunoglobulin E were also markedly decreased by @entity12098 (P < .001). The expression of @entity3744 mRNA and the population of Tregs were significantly increased by @entity12098 (P < .05). Cotreatment with @entity4301 reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity12098 . The effects of @entity3229 -y agonist on @entity3744 mRNA expression and Tregs induction were abrogated by administration of @entity4301 . CONCLUSION: @entity3229 -y agonist attenuates upper @entity32 in a @entity3229 -y-dependent fashion, and the beneficial effects of @entity12098 in @entity32 may be mediated by induction of Tregs.

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist induces regulatory T cells in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3229 :: ('19013(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity3229 ( @entity3229 )-y agonist on the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a @entity19 model of @entity2023 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Animal study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 that received ovalbumin sensitization and challenge served as the ovalbumin group (n = 6). Two separate groups of 6 @entity19 received intragastric administration with @entity3229 -y agonist @entity12098 (30 mg/kg/d) or @entity12098 plus @entity3229 -y antagonist @entity4301 (0.5 mg/d) before each ovalbumin challenge. The control group (n = 6) was treated with drug vehicle alone. Various allergic responses were assessed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of @entity3744 ( @entity3744 ), @entity19985 , and @entity19986 . Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of Tregs. RESULTS: @entity19 developed typical pathophysiological @entity2023 features after the ovalbumin challenge. The frequencies of sneezing and scratching were significantly decreased by @entity12098 treatment (P < .0001). Eosinophils infiltration and the levels of @entity59 and interferon-y in nasal cavity lavage fluid and sera immunoglobulin E were also markedly decreased by @entity12098 (P < .001). The expression of @entity3744 mRNA and the population of Tregs were significantly increased by @entity12098 (P < .05). Cotreatment with @entity4301 reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity12098 . The effects of @entity3229 -y agonist on @entity3744 mRNA expression and Tregs induction were abrogated by administration of @entity4301 . CONCLUSION: @entity3229 -y agonist attenuates upper @entity32 in a @entity3229 -y-dependent fashion, and the beneficial effects of @entity12098 in @entity32 may be mediated by induction of Tregs.

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist induces regulatory T cells in a XXXX model of @entity2023 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (1) Evaluate the presence of biofilms in @entity1 with @entity102 with @entity480 (CRSwNP) and (2) investigate the association of biofilm presence and CRSwNP. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University-based tertiary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 33 consecutive @entity1 undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP. The control group consisted of 27 control @entity1 undergoing septoplasty for @entity8968 without diagnosis of @entity102 . Mucosal samples were harvested intraoperatively for scanning electron microscopic examination to determine biofilm presence. Statistical analysis was performed. For all statistical tests, P = .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Biofilms were found in 24 (72.7%) of the 33 @entity1 with CRSwNP and in 13 (48.1%) of the 27 septoplasty @entity1 (odds ratio = 2.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-8.42; P = .051). CONCLUSION: (1) Biofilms were present in @entity1 undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP and also in controls without @entity102 . This suggests that biofilms may not be sufficient to cause @entity102 without other cofactors. Host factors could be the responsible for the pathogenesis of biofilms. (2) Although the prevalence of biofilms in @entity1 with CRSwNP was not significantly different from that in the controls, the extremely wide 95% confidence interval, which is just below unity, suggests that a meaningful clinical difference may have been missed because of low statistical power. Further studies are necessary.

title: Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sinusitis']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity35 model of @entity7190 (ORN) that uses novel micro-computed tomography bone volume analysis and detailed histology to provide a more effective, quantifiable, and standardized way to study ORN in vivo. STUDY DESIGN: Animal model. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Modifications to our previously published @entity35 model of mandibular ORN were done to develop an ideal protocol consisting of 10 @entity35 (6 experimental and 4 controls) with their left middle mandibular molar removed 7 days after either 20 Gy high dose rate brachytherapy or sham irradiation. @entity35 were sacrificed 21 days after extraction for landmark defined bone volume and histologic analysis. RESULTS: A standardized method of quantification was achieved in all samples. The radiated group (XRT) had a mean bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) of 13.8% compared to 65.9% for controls (P < .001). There were increases in osteoclasts and @entity82 , @entity393 ,and less bone in radiated samples with a mean (SD)of 5.91 (3.77) @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and 4.00(1.83) osteoblasts/ @entity2194 in XRT samples compared to 1.08(1.08) osteoclasts/ @entity2194 and 22.49 (6.00) osteoblasts/ @entity2194 for controls (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Our updated model continues to be clinically analogous to @entity1 mandibular ORN and improves the radiologic and histologic analysis of @entity154 , providing a method for quantification of @entity604 . Further cell-specific staining, including immunohistochemistry, can be used with this model to study potential cellular mechanisms of mandibular ORN and test any future therapeutic options.

title: Standardized analysis of XXXX in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defects']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HPF', 'osteoclasts/high-powered field']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in osteoblasts']

answer: @entity7190 :: (MESH:D010025,Disease) :: ['mandibular osteoradionecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity35 model of @entity7190 (ORN) that uses novel micro-computed tomography bone volume analysis and detailed histology to provide a more effective, quantifiable, and standardized way to study ORN in vivo. STUDY DESIGN: Animal model. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Modifications to our previously published @entity35 model of mandibular ORN were done to develop an ideal protocol consisting of 10 @entity35 (6 experimental and 4 controls) with their left middle mandibular molar removed 7 days after either 20 Gy high dose rate brachytherapy or sham irradiation. @entity35 were sacrificed 21 days after extraction for landmark defined bone volume and histologic analysis. RESULTS: A standardized method of quantification was achieved in all samples. The radiated group (XRT) had a mean bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) of 13.8% compared to 65.9% for controls (P < .001). There were increases in osteoclasts and @entity82 , @entity393 ,and less bone in radiated samples with a mean (SD)of 5.91 (3.77) @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and 4.00(1.83) osteoblasts/ @entity2194 in XRT samples compared to 1.08(1.08) osteoclasts/ @entity2194 and 22.49 (6.00) osteoblasts/ @entity2194 for controls (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Our updated model continues to be clinically analogous to @entity1 mandibular ORN and improves the radiologic and histologic analysis of @entity154 , providing a method for quantification of @entity604 . Further cell-specific staining, including immunohistochemistry, can be used with this model to study potential cellular mechanisms of mandibular ORN and test any future therapeutic options.

title: Standardized analysis of @entity7190 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolated limb infusion (ILI) with cytotoxic drugs has been used since 1992 to treat advanced @entity320 confined to a limb. Over this time the technique has undergone progressive modification. In this study we evaluated our experience with ILI by analyzing outcome and @entity137 from an "early" and a "late" treatment period. METHODS: We compared the results from our institution for 94 @entity1 treated by ILI in the early period (1992-1999) with the results for 91 @entity1 treated in the late period (2000-2007). All @entity1 had advanced limb @entity320 and received a combination of melphalan and @entity4316 . RESULTS: The @entity1 characteristics of the early and late groups were similar, but there was greater @entity5 load in the late group, who had a significantly greater number of lesions (median 4 vs. 5; p = 0.02) and @entity5 (p = 0.03). Drug circulation times were longer in the late group: 22 vs. 31 min (p < 0.0001). In the late group, higher initial and final limb temperatures were achieved. Overall response rates were 85% in both groups. The late treatment group showed a trend towards less @entity137 (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Response rates and survival following ILI for advanced @entity320 in our late treatment period were similar to those of our early treatment period, despite the significantly greater @entity5 load of the @entity1 treated in the late period. This could be attributed to increased experience and protocol modifications, which allowed longer drug exposure times and higher limb temperatures to be achieved without increased @entity137 .

title: Does increased experience with isolated limb infusion for advanced limb XXXX influence outcome? A comparison of two treatment periods at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deeper tumor infiltration']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transforaminal epidural @entity479 injections (TFESI) are widely used for the conservative treatment of @entity158 . The use of @entity619 in TFESIs is relatively new; therefore, immediate and acute adverse effects that it may cause are not fully updated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immediate and acute adverse effects following TFESI with @entity619 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: A spine center affiliated with a rehabilitation hospital. METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive @entity1 receiving TFESI for the management of radicular and axial spinal @entity158 at the cervical, lumbar, and sacral levels with @entity619 using fluoroscopic guidance with digital subtraction technology were enrolled. The occurrence of adverse effects in @entity1 in the 2-week time period following interventions was monitored through a set of questionnaires followed up by phone calls scheduled for 1 day, day 3, and day 14. Intensity and duration of side effects were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 150 @entity1 enrolled, 31 @entity1 (19.5%) experienced adverse effects within the first 30 minutes following the intervention. The most common adverse effects were @entity1183 and tingling in the limb, which developed in 19 @entity1 (11.95%) followed by perineal @entity111 that occurred in 7 cases (4.4%). @entity1 also reported experiencing adverse effects within the 3 days following intervention; most complained of @entity10 , @entity22 , @entity11637 , @entity1671 , and increased @entity158 . No major complications were noted. LIMITATIONS: The sample size enrolled might be too small to perceive possible rare side effects related to the procedure. The 2-week follow-up period is a limitation for evaluating late side effects. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers provision to interventionalists that TFESI with @entity619 when performed by experienced hands and with proper technique has minor self-limited transient adverse effects that can be easily managed. @entity1 should be made aware of these adverse effects and their management. Further larger studies are needed to validate the safe use of @entity619 and the safety of transforaminal epidural injections.

title: Immediate and acute adverse effects following transforaminal epidural @entity479 injections with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transforaminal epidural @entity479 injections (TFESI) are widely used for the conservative treatment of @entity158 . The use of @entity619 in TFESIs is relatively new; therefore, immediate and acute adverse effects that it may cause are not fully updated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immediate and acute adverse effects following TFESI with @entity619 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: A spine center affiliated with a rehabilitation hospital. METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive @entity1 receiving TFESI for the management of radicular and axial spinal @entity158 at the cervical, lumbar, and sacral levels with @entity619 using fluoroscopic guidance with digital subtraction technology were enrolled. The occurrence of adverse effects in @entity1 in the 2-week time period following interventions was monitored through a set of questionnaires followed up by phone calls scheduled for 1 day, day 3, and day 14. Intensity and duration of side effects were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 150 @entity1 enrolled, 31 @entity1 (19.5%) experienced adverse effects within the first 30 minutes following the intervention. The most common adverse effects were @entity1183 and tingling in the limb, which developed in 19 @entity1 (11.95%) followed by perineal @entity111 that occurred in 7 cases (4.4%). @entity1 also reported experiencing adverse effects within the 3 days following intervention; most complained of @entity10 , @entity22 , @entity11637 , @entity1671 , and increased @entity158 . No major complications were noted. LIMITATIONS: The sample size enrolled might be too small to perceive possible rare side effects related to the procedure. The 2-week follow-up period is a limitation for evaluating late side effects. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers provision to interventionalists that TFESI with @entity619 when performed by experienced hands and with proper technique has minor self-limited transient adverse effects that can be easily managed. @entity1 should be made aware of these adverse effects and their management. Further larger studies are needed to validate the safe use of @entity619 and the safety of transforaminal epidural injections.

title: Immediate and acute adverse effects following transforaminal epidural XXXX injections with @entity619 .

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National guidelines endorse colonoscopy as the only @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening test which prevents @entity14 and evaluates the entire large bowel. However, little is known regarding @entity1 compliance with a screening program that exclusively uses colonoscopy, particularly in an underserved population. The Connecticut Department of Public Health provided funds for the total cost of colonoscopies, @entity1 navigators and education of staff and primary care providers. With cost and provider barriers removed, we were able to examine @entity1 related factors influencing compliance with colonoscopy in an ethnically diverse sample of underinsured adults. OBJECTIVE: To determine what @entity1 related factors are predictors of compliance with screening colonoscopy. DESIGN: Cross sectional retrospective study. @entity1 : Underinsured @entity1 (50-64 years) visiting nine Connecticut @entity497 ( @entity497 ) were evaluated for medical eligibility for screening; eligible @entity1 were offered a free colonoscopy. MAIN MEASURES: @entity1 were deemed non-compliant if they refused, canceled or did not show for the colonoscopy. Obesity (Body Mass Index   >=    30), educational attainment, gender, race, ethnicity, previous screening and social ties were examined as primary risk factors for compliance. KEY RESULTS: Of 424 uninsured @entity1 (62% female, 21% White, 26% Black, 53% Hispanic), 354 were eligible for colonoscopy. Among eligible @entity1 , 263 (74.3%) were compliant. @entity28 @entity1 were more likely than @entity28 @entity1 to be non-compliant with colonoscopy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.16; 95% Confidence interval = 1.20-3.89). A high school education was positively correlated with increased compliance social ties such as having a spouse, significant other, family or friend also increased compliance. CONCLUSIONS: In an ethnically diverse, uninsured population, @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with lower educational attainment were less likely to comply with free colonoscopy. These @entity1 require special attention in colonoscopy-based @entity14 screening efforts.

title: Predictors of compliance with free endoscopic XXXX screening in uninsured adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health centers', 'CHCs']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: This work was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of emergency ureteroscopic lithotripsy in @entity1 with ureteral stones. From May 2003 to December 2010, 244 @entity1 (184 @entity1 and 60 @entity1 , mean age 45.6    12.7 years (range 22-73 years) were treated with emergency ureteroscopic lithotripsy for @entity1607 . All @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the stone location in the ureter. Intracorporeal lithotripsy when necessary was performed with the Swiss lithoclast. The overall stone-free status was defined as the complete absence of stone fragments at 4 weeks, postoperatively. A double J stent was inserted in selected @entity1 if there was significant ureteral wall trauma, @entity4 at the stone impaction site, suspected or proved ureteral perforation, and if the stone migrated to the kidney. The overall success rate was 90.6%. The success rates were different according to the stone site. The success rate of groups A, B and C was 69.4, 94.8 and 96.6%, respectively. The overall rate of ureteral stent insertion at the end of the procedure was 177/244 (72.5%). The rate of stent insertion was 41/49 (83.7%), 32/46 (69.6%) and 104/149 (69.8%) in groups A, B and C, respectively. The overall complication, failure, and stricture rate was 32/244 (13.1%), 23/244 (9.4%) and 0.8%, respectively. With the recent advances in ureteroscopic technology, intracorporeal probes and stone extraction devices, emergency ureteroscopy is found to be a safe and effective procedure with immediate relief from ureteral colic and ureteral stone fragmentation.

title: Emergency ureteroscopic lithotripsy in acute renal colic caused by XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculi']