abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined whether @entity23 moderates response to financial incentives for cessation among pregnant smokers. @entity1 were randomized to receive financial incentives delivered contingent on smoking abstinence or to a control condition wherein incentives were delivered independent of smoking status. The study was conducted in two steps: First, we examined associations between baseline @entity23 and abstinence at late pregnancy and 24-weeks-postpartum as part of a planned prospective study of this topic using data from a recently completed, randomized controlled clinical trial (N = 118). Next, to increase statistical power, we conducted a second analysis collapsing results across that recent trial and two prior trials involving the same study conditions (N = 236). Impulsivity was assessed using a @entity245 ( @entity245 ) of hypothetical monetary rewards task in all three trials and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) in the most recent trial. Neither @entity245 nor BIS predicted smoking status in the single or combined trials. Receiving abstinence-contingent incentives, lower baseline smoking rate, and a history of quit attempts prepregnancy predicted greater odds of antepartum abstinence across the single and combined trials. No variable predicted postpartum abstinence across the single and combined trials, although a history of antepartum quit attempts and receiving abstinence-contingent incentives predicted in the single and combined trials, respectively. Overall, this study provides no evidence that @entity23 as assessed by @entity245 or BIS moderates response to this treatment approach while underscoring a substantial association of smoking rate and prior quit attempts with abstinence across the contingent incentives and control treatment conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Does XXXX moderate response to financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delay discounting', 'DD']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['impulsiveness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined whether @entity23 moderates response to financial incentives for cessation among pregnant smokers. @entity1 were randomized to receive financial incentives delivered contingent on smoking abstinence or to a control condition wherein incentives were delivered independent of smoking status. The study was conducted in two steps: First, we examined associations between baseline @entity23 and abstinence at late pregnancy and 24-weeks-postpartum as part of a planned prospective study of this topic using data from a recently completed, randomized controlled clinical trial (N = 118). Next, to increase statistical power, we conducted a second analysis collapsing results across that recent trial and two prior trials involving the same study conditions (N = 236). Impulsivity was assessed using a @entity245 ( @entity245 ) of hypothetical monetary rewards task in all three trials and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) in the most recent trial. Neither @entity245 nor BIS predicted smoking status in the single or combined trials. Receiving abstinence-contingent incentives, lower baseline smoking rate, and a history of quit attempts prepregnancy predicted greater odds of antepartum abstinence across the single and combined trials. No variable predicted postpartum abstinence across the single and combined trials, although a history of antepartum quit attempts and receiving abstinence-contingent incentives predicted in the single and combined trials, respectively. Overall, this study provides no evidence that @entity23 as assessed by @entity245 or BIS moderates response to this treatment approach while underscoring a substantial association of smoking rate and prior quit attempts with abstinence across the contingent incentives and control treatment conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Does @entity23 moderate response to financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum XXXX ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine gender differences in baseline and outcome variables in clinical trials for @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ). METHOD: Data from 11 randomized controlled psychosocial treatment studies were aggregated (N = 1,325: 208 male, 1,117 female). Baseline and outcome symptoms were assessed via the interview and questionnaire versions of the @entity1277 Examination (EDE). Multilevel analyses were conducted investigating gender differences at baseline and posttreatment, defined as EDE scores, @entity2749 ( @entity2749 ) reduction, and @entity2749 remission at termination. RESULTS: Few males from low socioeconomic status or minority groups participated in the outcome studies. Males reported significantly lower EDE global, shape, weight, and eating concerns at baseline. No main effects of gender were found in treatment outcome scores when controlling for baseline differences; however, baseline EDE global score (which showed gender differences at baseline) and OBEs directly predicted outcome for both males and females. A significant interaction between gender, treatment length, and shape/weight concerns indicated that males with lower shape/weight concerns achieved @entity2749 remission in shorter treatments, whereas @entity1 with high shape/weight concerns and @entity1 with either high or low shape/weight concerns were more likely to achieve @entity2749 remission in treatments of longer duration. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest @entity5550 treatment studies must improve their recruitment of @entity1 and appeal to @entity1 with lower shape/weight concerns. Additionally, longer term treatments, although more efficacious for @entity1 and @entity1 with more severe shape/weight concerns, may not be necessary for @entity1 with low shape/weight concerns. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Gender differences in clinical trials of XXXX : An analysis of aggregated data.

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating Disorder']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['OBE', 'objective binge episode']

answer: @entity5550 :: (MESH:D056912,Disease) :: ['binge eating disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In computed tomographic imaging of @entity1779 spot sign on computed tomographic angiography has been established as a marker for @entity1410 expansion and poor clinical outcome. Although, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately visualize @entity1779 , a corresponding MRI marker is lacking to date. METHODS: We prospectively examined 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1779 within 24 hours of symptom onset. The MRI protocol consisted of a @entity64 protocol and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging with a time resolution of 7.07 s/batch. @entity64 scores were assessed at admission and at time of discharge. Volume measurements of @entity1410 size and spot sign were performed with MRIcron. RESULTS: Contrast extravasation within sites of the @entity548 (MRI spot sign) was seen in 46% of the @entity1 . @entity1 with an MRI spot sign had a significantly shorter time to imaging than those without (P<0.001). The clinical outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale was significantly worse in @entity1 with spot sign compared with those without (P <=0.001). @entity1410 expansion was observed in the spot sign group compared with the nonspot sign group, although the differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Spot sign can be detected using MRI on postcontrast T1-weighted and dynamic T1-weighted images. It is associated with worse clinical outcome. The time course of contrast extravasation in dynamic T1 images indicates that these spots represent ongoing @entity548 .

title: Spot Sign in Acute XXXX in Dynamic T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['standard stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma', 'Hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['acute intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral Hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) represents the first stage of @entity13088 preceding changes in systolic function, reinforcing the importance of early examination of ventricular function in individuals with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the incidence of asymptomatic @entity1002 in newly diagnosed normotensive cases of type 2 @entity6 subjects, and its relation to glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), age at the time of diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) and serum total @entity165 . AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and its correlation with @entity4051 C in normotensive, newly diagnosed type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done in western U.P. on 100 @entity1 of newly diagnosed (within 1 month) type 2 @entity6 between @entity1 30 and 60 years of age, visiting the Medicine and Endocrinology outpatient Department of LLRM Medical College, Meerut. @entity1 with @entity2175 and already taking antidiabetic treatment, @entity299 like @entity340 , @entity63 and @entity101 , @entity712 , @entity296 , @entity177 , @entity358 , severe @entity417 and haemoglobinopathies were excluded from the study. These @entity1 were informed about the study and informed consent was obtained before proceeding with the investigations. @entity1 selected were evaluated with relevant investigations like fasting and post prandial blood sugar, HbA1C level, lipid profile and 2D echocardiography to assess @entity1002 . These selected @entity1 were divided in 2 groups; one with @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and second group of subjects without @entity1002 . Various parameters like HbA1C, age, body mass index and serum @entity165 were evaluated between these 2 groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test, Chi-square and Fisher Exact-test. RESULTS: Out of 100 @entity1 65 were males and 35 females. Mean age of the population was 50.08    6.32 years. Overall incidence of @entity1002 was 41%. Grade 1 @entity1002 was most common. Mean @entity4051 C level of @entity1002 group was found higher as compared to those without @entity1002 . CONCLUSION: @entity1002 is very common at the time of diagnosis of type 2 @entity6 even in normotensive @entity1 independent of confounding effect of @entity101 , @entity63 and BMI. @entity4051 C and age, were found to be strong indicators of @entity1002 in newly diagnosed cases of Type 2 @entity6 .

title: Study on Diastolic Dysfunction in Newly Diagnosed XXXX and its Correlation with Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1C).

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['established type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction', 'Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction', 'LVDD']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aim of this study is to analyze outcome and the decision making process to approach airway invasion by @entity259 . METHODS: Retrospective study of 30 years experience in thyroid surgery for @entity5 invading airway. Clinical records, surgical and pathology reports have been analyzed to assess which principles and procedural details are significant to facilitate efficient diagnosis, staging and treatment. Medical therapy was not evaluated. RESULTS: Out of a consecutive series of 2165 @entity259 @entity1 , T4a @entity5 are 303. Airway invasion was found in 141 cases. Well-differentiated pattern was determined in 110 while other histology was reported in 31. Airway-related symptoms have been recorded in 111 @entity1 . Flexible bronchoscopy was performed in all @entity1 . Rapidly evolving disease or non-resectable airway was found in 105 cases. Permanent tracheotomy was performed in 43 cases, airway lumen restoration with or without stenting in 39, laryngectomy in 8, segmental airway resection and reconstruction in 28. Perioperative mortality was recorded after palliative treatment only. In resected @entity1 , completely radical surgery was not always achievable. All @entity1 with positive margin after resection underwent adjuvant treatment and showed comparable survival to radical surgery @entity1 after 5 years. Tumor relapse occurred in 8 cases (distant or locoregional). @entity1 with unresectable disease require treatment for symptoms relief but survival is poor. CONCLUSION: Although some @entity1 are currently referred with a severely advanced disease, the indication for tracheotomy, salvage procedures or supportive care has decreased over time. Resection is feasible for differentiated @entity5 with an overall good outcome.

title: XXXX invading the airway: Diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the @entity1893 treated with enhanced chemotherapy regimen and increase of treatment courses, including number of treatment courses, short-term efficacy, long-term survival and safety. METHODS: All the 254 cases of @entity1893 in our hospital from January 2004 to February 2014 received a variety of intensive enhanced chemotherapy regimen, such as CHOPE, MAED, MMED and TAED. The median number of treatment course was 14, including 8 in the 1st year, 4 in the 2nd and 2 in the 3rd. RESULTS: (1) In 254 assessable @entity1 , 182 @entity1 (71.7%) achieved complete responses (CR), 30 @entity1 (11.8%) achieved partial responses (PR), 22 @entity1 (8.7%) achieved @entity66 ( @entity66 ), 20 @entity1 (7.9%) achieved @entity74 ( @entity74 ), 212 @entity1 (83.5%) achieved response rate (RR). The median time of following-up was 56.5 months, the overall survivals (OS) of 1, 3 and 5 years were 90.1%, 74.5% and 61.1% respectively, the median survival time was 69 months, and the disease-free survivals (DFS) were 81.8%, 65.4% and 54.7% respectively, the median DFS was 65 months. (2) In therapeutic effects at early phase, the 3-year OS of @entity1 who achieved CR, PR, @entity66 and @entity74 were 92.2%, 56.0%, 20.2% and 0% respectively; The 5-year OS of @entity1 who achieved CR through  <=4 cycle treatments and the 5-year OS of @entity1 who achieved CR through >4 cycles treatments were 83.1% and 6.8%, their DFS were 72.4% and 0% respectively. (3) The relapse rates of @entity1 who received < 6, 6-8, 9-10, 11-13, 14, 15 and 20 cycle treatments were 82.5%, 78.9%, 71.9%, 65.8%, 41.8%, 30.4% and 16.7%. The response rate (RR) of @entity1 who received 6-8 traditional chemotherapy cycle as @entity3726 or @entity3726 -like regimen were 50%-60% and relapse rate > 70%. CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional chemotherapy regimens, the dose-escalated, intensive and modified chemotherapy regimen can significatly improve the therapeutic efficiency for @entity1 with @entity1893 , including CR, long-term survival rate, and a good tolerance for @entity1 . The chemotherapy intensity has been confirmed to be an important factor that associated with therapeutic efficiency. On the conditions tolerated by @entity1 , the number of treatment cycles for @entity1893 @entity1 can be increased at lest 14, with 8 in the first year, 4 in the second year and 2 in the third year. The increase of chemotherapy cycle can obviously reduce the relapse rate and improve the long-term prognosis of @entity1 . It is worth to further explore.

title: [Clinical Study of XXXX Treated with Enhanced Chemotherapy Regimen and Increased Treatment Courses].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses indicate 50% of cases of @entity308 are not detected by GPs. It is important to examine @entity1 and GP characteristics associated with misclassification so that systems can be improved to increase accurate detection and optimal management for groups at risk of @entity308 . OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity1 and GP characteristics associated with GP misclassification of @entity308 for @entity1 classified by the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 as depressed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study within general practices in two states of Australia. GPs completed a one-page paper and pencil survey indicating whether they thought each @entity1 was clinically depressed. @entity1 completed a computer tablet survey while waiting for their appointment to provide demographic information and indicate @entity308 status. Chi-square analyses were used to determine whether @entity1 and GP characteristics were associated with a false-negative and false-positive result. The probability of misclassification was modelled using Generalized Estimating Equations to account for clustering of @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty GPs from 12 practices participated. GPs completed surveys for 1880 @entity1 . Younger @entity1 aged 25-44, and those with a health care card were less likely to have a false-negative assessment. @entity1 with 0-3 GP visits in the past 12 months, and those with private health insurance were less likely to have a false-positive assessment. GPs who worked five sessions or fewer per week were more likely to make false-positive assessments.

title: Unassisted detection of XXXX by GPs: who is most likely to be misclassified?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In social mammals, the position of a male in the group's hierarchy strongly affects his reproductive success. Since a high social rank is often gained through competition with other males, selection should favour bigger males over smaller ones. We may therefore predict faster growth and/or delayed sexual @entity2175 in dominant males. Likewise, dominants should have higher levels of @entity251 , hormone important in many aspects of male dominance. Less obvious is the relationship between dominance and levels of @entity2819 but generally higher concentrations are expected in subordinate individuals. We studied body growth, sexual maturation and endocrinal changes in males of two @entity19 , raised in fraternal pairs. Since @entity32113 is the subspecies which dominates mutual encounters with @entity29347 we predicted higher growth rate, delayed @entity1175 and @entity146 , and higher @entity251 and @entity2819 levels in domesticus males compared to musculus. In all comparisons, no differences were found between dominant and subordinate musculus brothers. On the other hand, in M. @entity14085 , dominant males revealed a different growth trajectory and lower @entity2819 levels than subordinate males but not delayed @entity1175 and higher @entity251 concentrations, thus contradicting our predictions. In inter-subspecific comparisons, musculus males matured earlier but became @entity146 at the same time as domesticus males. The musculus @entity251 ontogeny suggests that social positions in this subspecies remain unfixed for an extended period and that the increasing levels probably reflect prolonged hierarchy contests. It appears that the ontogeny of behaviour and physiological traits diverge cryptically between the two subspecies.

title: Shaking the myth: Body mass, XXXX , steroid hormones, and social dominance in wild @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['house mouse subspecies']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity32113 :: ('10092', 'Species') :: ['Mus musculus domesticus']

entities_list: @entity29347 :: ('39442', 'Species') :: ['Mus musculus musculus']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In social mammals, the position of a male in the group's hierarchy strongly affects his reproductive success. Since a high social rank is often gained through competition with other males, selection should favour bigger males over smaller ones. We may therefore predict faster growth and/or delayed sexual @entity2175 in dominant males. Likewise, dominants should have higher levels of @entity251 , hormone important in many aspects of male dominance. Less obvious is the relationship between dominance and levels of @entity2819 but generally higher concentrations are expected in subordinate individuals. We studied body growth, sexual maturation and endocrinal changes in males of two @entity19 , raised in fraternal pairs. Since @entity32113 is the subspecies which dominates mutual encounters with @entity29347 we predicted higher growth rate, delayed @entity1175 and @entity146 , and higher @entity251 and @entity2819 levels in domesticus males compared to musculus. In all comparisons, no differences were found between dominant and subordinate musculus brothers. On the other hand, in M. @entity14085 , dominant males revealed a different growth trajectory and lower @entity2819 levels than subordinate males but not delayed @entity1175 and higher @entity251 concentrations, thus contradicting our predictions. In inter-subspecific comparisons, musculus males matured earlier but became @entity146 at the same time as domesticus males. The musculus @entity251 ontogeny suggests that social positions in this subspecies remain unfixed for an extended period and that the increasing levels probably reflect prolonged hierarchy contests. It appears that the ontogeny of behaviour and physiological traits diverge cryptically between the two subspecies.

title: Shaking the myth: Body mass, @entity146 , steroid hormones, and social dominance in wild XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['house mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Decompressive craniectomy is an established treatment for @entity428 . Cranioplasty is performed once cerebral swelling has resolved. Complications include @entity281 , postoperative fluid collections, @entity1410 , reoperation, and @entity410 . Our experience using a double layer technique during craniectomy with a collagen matrix onlay dural substitute and expanded @entity736 for antiadhesive properties during cranioplasty was reviewed. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of 39 consecutive @entity1 who underwent craniectomy with placement of collagen matrix dural onlay and expanded @entity736 and subsequent cranioplasty. Demographic data, size of craniectomy defect, estimated @entity190 , operative time, time between operations, presence of @entity260 were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 132 minutes and estimated @entity190 was 112 mL. Overall complication rate was 25.6% and no mortality was encountered. Nine @entity1 had postoperative fluid collections measuring >= 10 mm in thickness and/or 5 mm of midline shift. Two @entity1 required reoperation for these collections. Two @entity1 developed @entity281 requiring bone flap removal. Three @entity1 developed @entity410 after cranioplasty. Five @entity1 required shunt placement for @entity1276 . CONCLUSIONS: Our dual layer closure technique at time of decompressive craniectomy carries a similar reduction in operative time and estimated @entity190 when compared with cranioplasty series with other antiadhesives present. The technique described enables easy dissection of the musculocutaneous flap from the dural plane during cranioplasty and increases the safety of the operation.

title: Analysis of Decompressive Craniectomies with Subsequent Cranioplasties in the Presence of Collagen Matrix Dural Substitute and XXXX as an Adhesion Preventative Material.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['malignant intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['dural tackups, and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['Polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eltrombopag is effective and safe in chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). However, clinical trials may not accurately reflect what happens in clinical practice. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in primary chronic @entity3039 in a real-world setting. METHODS: 164 primary chronic @entity3039 @entity1 from 40 Spanish centers, who had been treated with eltrombopag, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The median age of our cohort (72% @entity1 ) was 63 years (interquartile range, IQR, 45-75 years). The median time with @entity3039 diagnosis was 81 months (IQR, 30-192 months). The median number of therapies prior to eltrombopag was 3 (IQR, 2-4). At the time of eltrombopag start, 45 @entity1 (30%) were receiving concomitant treatment for @entity3039 . Forty-six @entity1 (30%) had @entity548 signs/symptoms the month before treatment start. The median platelet count at eltrombopag initiation was 22 x 10(9) /L (IQR, 8-39 x 10(9) /L). 135 @entity1 (88.8%) achieved a platelet response. The median time to platelet response was 12 days (95% CI, 9-13 days). Maintained platelet response rate during the 15-month period under examination was 75.2%. 28 @entity1 (18.4%) experienced adverse events, mainly grades 1-2. CONCLUSION: Eltrombopag is highly effective and well tolerated in unselected @entity1 with primary chronic @entity3039 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Eltrombopag safety and efficacy for primary chronic XXXX in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is a severe @entity16 characterized by altered electrical activity in the brain. Important pathophysiological mechanisms include disturbed metabolism and homeostasis of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, @entity3264 and @entity1246 . Current drug treatments are largely aimed at decreasing neuronal excitability and thereby preventing the occurrence of @entity410 . However, many @entity1 are refractory to treatment and side effects are frequent. @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is the most common type of drug-resistant @entity302 in adults. In rodents, the @entity2134 - @entity159 model reflects the pathology and @entity1315 and the @entity5093 kindling model exhibits chronic induced limbic @entity410 . Accumulating evidence from studies on @entity1315 points to alterations in astrocytes and neurons as key metabolic changes. The present review describes interventions which alleviate these disturbances in astrocyte-neuronal interactions by supporting mitochondrial metabolism. The compounds discussed are the endogenous transport molecule @entity4162 and the @entity412 of @entity49065 , @entity26543 . Both provide @entity16374 moieties for oxidation in the @entity6626 cycle whereas @entity49065 is also provides @entity19722 , which after carboxylation can produce @entity16740 , resulting in anaplerosis-the refilling of the @entity6626 cycle.

title: Modification of Astrocyte Metabolism as an Approach to the Treatment of @entity302 : XXXX and @entity4162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16740 :: ('MESH:C012046', 'Chemical') :: ['succinyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal lobe epilepsy', 'TLE', 'chronic spontaneous seizures of TLE']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity19722 :: ('MESH:C009061', 'Chemical') :: ['propionyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity26543 :: ('MESH:C531010', 'Chemical') :: ['triheptanoin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity49065 :: ('CHEBI:32362', 'Chemical') :: ['heptanoate']

answer: @entity26543 :: (MESH:C531010,Chemical) :: ['Triheptanoin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is a severe @entity16 characterized by altered electrical activity in the brain. Important pathophysiological mechanisms include disturbed metabolism and homeostasis of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, @entity3264 and @entity1246 . Current drug treatments are largely aimed at decreasing neuronal excitability and thereby preventing the occurrence of @entity410 . However, many @entity1 are refractory to treatment and side effects are frequent. @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is the most common type of drug-resistant @entity302 in adults. In rodents, the @entity2134 - @entity159 model reflects the pathology and @entity1315 and the @entity5093 kindling model exhibits chronic induced limbic @entity410 . Accumulating evidence from studies on @entity1315 points to alterations in astrocytes and neurons as key metabolic changes. The present review describes interventions which alleviate these disturbances in astrocyte-neuronal interactions by supporting mitochondrial metabolism. The compounds discussed are the endogenous transport molecule @entity4162 and the @entity412 of @entity49065 , @entity26543 . Both provide @entity16374 moieties for oxidation in the @entity6626 cycle whereas @entity49065 is also provides @entity19722 , which after carboxylation can produce @entity16740 , resulting in anaplerosis-the refilling of the @entity6626 cycle.

title: Modification of Astrocyte Metabolism as an Approach to the Treatment of XXXX : @entity26543 and @entity4162 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is a severe @entity16 characterized by altered electrical activity in the brain. Important pathophysiological mechanisms include disturbed metabolism and homeostasis of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, @entity3264 and @entity1246 . Current drug treatments are largely aimed at decreasing neuronal excitability and thereby preventing the occurrence of @entity410 . However, many @entity1 are refractory to treatment and side effects are frequent. @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is the most common type of drug-resistant @entity302 in adults. In rodents, the @entity2134 - @entity159 model reflects the pathology and @entity1315 and the @entity5093 kindling model exhibits chronic induced limbic @entity410 . Accumulating evidence from studies on @entity1315 points to alterations in astrocytes and neurons as key metabolic changes. The present review describes interventions which alleviate these disturbances in astrocyte-neuronal interactions by supporting mitochondrial metabolism. The compounds discussed are the endogenous transport molecule @entity4162 and the @entity412 of @entity49065 , @entity26543 . Both provide @entity16374 moieties for oxidation in the @entity6626 cycle whereas @entity49065 is also provides @entity19722 , which after carboxylation can produce @entity16740 , resulting in anaplerosis-the refilling of the @entity6626 cycle.

title: Modification of Astrocyte Metabolism as an Approach to the Treatment of @entity302 : @entity26543 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4162 :: (MESH:D000108,Chemical) :: ['Acetyl-L-Carnitine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8291 ( @entity8291 ) affects numerous physiological processes including nutrient partitioning and lipid metabolism. Objectives of this study were to evaluate how acute @entity8291 affects lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy @entity291 . Adipose tissue biopsies were performed on Holstein @entity291 for @entity291 primary adipocyte isolation and cultured at either 42  C ( @entity8291 ) or 37  C (thermal neutral, @entity7443 ). Adipocytes were incubated with increasing @entity3044 ( @entity8670 ), and with increasing concentrations of insulin in the presence of @entity8670 to evaluate changes in lipolysis. Incorporation of radioactive @entity598 into lipids was measured as an indicator of lipogenesis. Abundance and phosphorylation of several lipolytic and lipogenic proteins were also measured. Adipocytes exposed to @entity8291 had an elevated maximal response to @entity8670 and were more sensitive to lipolytic stimulation by @entity8670 compared with cells cultured at @entity7443 . Thermal treatment did not affect the antilipolytic effects of insulin in the presence of @entity8670 . Lipogenesis measured as @entity598 incorporation was not altered by @entity8291 , but a temperature by insulin interaction was observed for the regulation of @entity6625 carboxylase, such that the presence of insulin resulted in a reduction in phosphorylation of @entity6625 carboxylase in adipocytes cultured at @entity7443 but not @entity8291 conditions. Results of this study demonstrate that acute @entity8291 has a direct effect on the regulation of lipolysis and the rate-limiting enzyme of lipogenesis in isolated @entity291 adipocytes.

title: Effects of acute heat stress on lipid metabolism of XXXX primary adipocytes.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity8291 :: ('MESH:D018882', 'Disease') :: ['Heat stress', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl CoA']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'bovine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In order to identify targets for primary preventive strategies, we explored possible predictors of periconceptional @entity1501 (pFA) intake in a Nigerian population of reproductively active @entity1 . METHODS: A cross sectional study of mothers attending immunization clinics at two hospitals was conducted between May and November 2012. Information obtained included sociodemographic and obstetric details and periconceptional usage of FA. Independent variables were analysed as predictors of pFA intake using chi-square statistical test and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The study involved 602 mothers aged 17 to 42 years; 23% had a university degree and 66% were in the working class. Preconceptional usage was proven in only 15 (2.5%). Periconceptional usage was more likely among professionals (X(2) = 41.194, p < 0.001), have university degree (X(2) = 53.089, p < 0.001), be primigravid (X(2) = 18.415, p < 0.001) and early antenatal clinic attendees (X(2) = 355.9, p < 0.001). @entity1 were less likely to know that FA could prevent @entity600 if in the working class (1.7% vs. 11.1%, X(2) = 25.593, p < 0.001), less educated (0.5 vs. 10.9%, X(2) = 38.083, p < 0.001) or booked late for antenatal care (2.0 vs. 5.9%, X(2) = 5.767, p = 0.016). The determinants of late commencement of FA were low social class (OR = 4.29, 95% CI: 1.59, 11.31), lack of university education (OR = 4.58, 95% CI: 3.06, 6.87) and late booking (OR = 104.27, 95% CI: 53.09, 204.76). CONCLUSION: In this population of reproductively active @entity1 , pFA intake and knowledge of its health benefits are poor amongst mothers - in working class, with limited education, and who present late for antenatal care.

title: Determinants of XXXX intake during preconception and in early pregnancy by mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: A 72-year-old male underwent a laparoscopic low anterior resection for advanced @entity5 . A diverting loop ileostomy was constructed due to an @entity834 five days postoperatively. Nine months later, colonoscopy performed through the stoma showed complete @entity3885 . The mucosa of the proximal sigmoid colon was @entity3202 and whitish. Ten days after the colonoscopy, the @entity1 presented in shock with @entity490 . Abdominal computed tomography scan showed @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and a dilated left colon. @entity99 induced by obstructive @entity1960 was diagnosed and a transverse colostomy performed emergently. His subsequent hospital course was unremarkable. Rectal anastomosis with diverting ileostomy is often performed in @entity1 with @entity5 . In @entity1 with @entity3885 or severe @entity850 , colonoscopy through diverting stoma should be avoided. Emergent operation to decompress the obstructed proximal colon is necessary in @entity1 with a blind intestinal loop accompanied by @entity99 .

title: Hepatic portal venous gas after endoscopy in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'low rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HPVG', 'hepatic portal venous gas']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['anastomotic obstruction']


abstract: A 72-year-old male underwent a laparoscopic low anterior resection for advanced @entity5 . A diverting loop ileostomy was constructed due to an @entity834 five days postoperatively. Nine months later, colonoscopy performed through the stoma showed complete @entity3885 . The mucosa of the proximal sigmoid colon was @entity3202 and whitish. Ten days after the colonoscopy, the @entity1 presented in shock with @entity490 . Abdominal computed tomography scan showed @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and a dilated left colon. @entity99 induced by obstructive @entity1960 was diagnosed and a transverse colostomy performed emergently. His subsequent hospital course was unremarkable. Rectal anastomosis with diverting ileostomy is often performed in @entity1 with @entity5 . In @entity1 with @entity3885 or severe @entity850 , colonoscopy through diverting stoma should be avoided. Emergent operation to decompress the obstructed proximal colon is necessary in @entity1 with a blind intestinal loop accompanied by @entity99 .

title: Hepatic portal venous gas after endoscopy in a XXXX with @entity3885 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Nonmotor symptoms include primarily @entity1833 ( @entity1833 ). The aim of our study was to establish whether @entity1 with @entity191 and @entity1833 ( @entity29530 +) have structural changes of retina detected by an optical coherence tomography (OCT) in comparison with @entity191 @entity1 without @entity1833 ( @entity29530 -). We examined 52 @entity191 @entity1 (18 with @entity1833 , 34 without @entity1833 ) and 15 age and sex matched healthy controls. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness and volume were assessed by OCT. Functional impairment of retina was assessed using 2.5% contrast sensitivity test. For OCT outcomes we analyzed 15 @entity29530 + and 15 @entity29530 - subjects matched for age, gender, and @entity191 duration. For contrast sensitivity we analyzed 8 pairs of @entity1 matched for age, gender, and visual acuity. There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness and macular thickness and macular volume between 15 @entity29530 + and 15 @entity29530 - subjects, and also between a group of 44 @entity191 @entity1 (both @entity29530 + and @entity29530 -) and 15 age and gender matched healthy controls. No significant difference was found for 2.5% contrast sensitivity test values between @entity29530 + and @entity29530 - subjects. Therefore we conclude that functional and structural changes in retina play no role in genesis of @entity1833 in @entity191 .

title: Changes of retina are not involved in the genesis of @entity1833 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations', 'VH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Nonmotor symptoms include primarily @entity1833 ( @entity1833 ). The aim of our study was to establish whether @entity1 with @entity191 and @entity1833 ( @entity29530 +) have structural changes of retina detected by an optical coherence tomography (OCT) in comparison with @entity191 @entity1 without @entity1833 ( @entity29530 -). We examined 52 @entity191 @entity1 (18 with @entity1833 , 34 without @entity1833 ) and 15 age and sex matched healthy controls. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness and volume were assessed by OCT. Functional impairment of retina was assessed using 2.5% contrast sensitivity test. For OCT outcomes we analyzed 15 @entity29530 + and 15 @entity29530 - subjects matched for age, gender, and @entity191 duration. For contrast sensitivity we analyzed 8 pairs of @entity1 matched for age, gender, and visual acuity. There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness and macular thickness and macular volume between 15 @entity29530 + and 15 @entity29530 - subjects, and also between a group of 44 @entity191 @entity1 (both @entity29530 + and @entity29530 -) and 15 age and gender matched healthy controls. No significant difference was found for 2.5% contrast sensitivity test values between @entity29530 + and @entity29530 - subjects. Therefore we conclude that functional and structural changes in retina play no role in genesis of @entity1833 in @entity191 .

title: Changes of retina are not involved in the genesis of XXXX in @entity191 .

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['visual hallucinations']


abstract: @entity1118 due to @entity571 ( @entity571 ) can lead to significant @entity25 and increased restlessness. Our objective was to assess whether naturally occurring @entity235 @entity571 is associated with nighttime restlessness and so has potential as a model of @entity25 . The study was designed as a two-part prospective masked, placebo-controlled study using client-owned @entity235 (Part A n = 60; Part B n = 19). Inclusion criteria consisted of @entity571 -associated joint @entity158 . The primary outcome measure for both parts was nighttime accelerometry. In Part B, quality of sleep was assessed using a clinical metrology instrument (Sleep and Night Time Restlessness Evaluation Score, SNoRE). Part A included @entity235 receiving two weeks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) preceded with two weeks of no treatment. Part B was a crossover study, with NSAID/placebo administered for two weeks followed by a washout period of one week and another two weeks of NSAID/placebo. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences between baseline and treatment. There were no significant changes in accelerometry-measured nighttime activity as a result of NSAID administration. SNoRE measures indicated significant improvements in aspects of the quality of nighttime sleep that did not involve obvious movement. These results reflect the few similar studies in @entity1 @entity571 @entity1 . Although accelerometry does not appear to be useful, this model has potential to model the @entity1 @entity158 -related nighttime @entity25 , and other outcome measures should be explored in this model.

title: Initial evaluation of nighttime restlessness in a naturally occurring @entity235 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and mobility impairment']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['OA-associated sleep disturbance', 'disruption of sleep', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis pain']


abstract: @entity1118 due to @entity571 ( @entity571 ) can lead to significant @entity25 and increased restlessness. Our objective was to assess whether naturally occurring @entity235 @entity571 is associated with nighttime restlessness and so has potential as a model of @entity25 . The study was designed as a two-part prospective masked, placebo-controlled study using client-owned @entity235 (Part A n = 60; Part B n = 19). Inclusion criteria consisted of @entity571 -associated joint @entity158 . The primary outcome measure for both parts was nighttime accelerometry. In Part B, quality of sleep was assessed using a clinical metrology instrument (Sleep and Night Time Restlessness Evaluation Score, SNoRE). Part A included @entity235 receiving two weeks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) preceded with two weeks of no treatment. Part B was a crossover study, with NSAID/placebo administered for two weeks followed by a washout period of one week and another two weeks of NSAID/placebo. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences between baseline and treatment. There were no significant changes in accelerometry-measured nighttime activity as a result of NSAID administration. SNoRE measures indicated significant improvements in aspects of the quality of nighttime sleep that did not involve obvious movement. These results reflect the few similar studies in @entity1 @entity571 @entity1 . Although accelerometry does not appear to be useful, this model has potential to model the @entity1 @entity158 -related nighttime @entity25 , and other outcome measures should be explored in this model.

title: Initial evaluation of nighttime restlessness in a naturally occurring XXXX model of @entity158 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Brush cytology has a low sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity201 . This study aimed to compare the standard approach (brush cytology) with a triple modality approach utilizing brush cytology, forceps biopsy and fluorescence in situ hybridization in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of @entity201 . METHODS: In a retrospective study at a single academic center, 50 @entity1 underwent triple modality testing. Additionally, 61 @entity1 underwent brush cytology alone. Intervention was endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and forceps biopsy. The main outcome measures included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. RESULTS: Overall, 50 @entity1 underwent triple tissue sampling, and 61 @entity1 underwent brush cytology alone. Twenty-two @entity1 were eventually diagnosed with @entity201 . Brush cytology had a sensitivity of 42%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 88%. Triple tissue sampling had an overall sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 87%. Within the triple test group, brush cytology had a sensitivity of 27%, forceps biopsy had a sensitivity of 50%, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis had a sensitivity of 59%. CONCLUSIONS: A triple modality approach results in a marked increase in sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity201 compared with single modality testing such as brush cytology and should be considered in the evaluation of indeterminate or suspicious @entity253 .

title: Triple modality testing by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Text message delivered prevention interventions have the potential to improve health behaviors on a large scale, including reducing hazardous @entity167 consumption in young adults. Online crowdsourcing can be used to efficiently develop relevant messages, but remains largely understudied. This study aims to use online crowdsourcing to evaluate young adult attitudes toward expert-authored messages and to collect peer-authored messages. We designed an online survey with four drinking scenarios and a demographic questionnaire. We made it available to @entity1 who reported age 18-25  years, residence in the US, and any lifetime @entity167 consumption via the Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. @entity1 rated 71 sample text messages on instrumental (helpful) and affective (interesting) attitude scales and generated their own messages. All messages were coded as informational, motivational, or strategy facilitating. We examined differences in attitudes by message type and by drinking status and sex. We surveyed 272 @entity1 in 48  h, and 222 were included in analysis for a total @entity1 payment cost of  178. Sample mean age was 23  years old, with 50  % being female, 65  % being of white race, and 78  % scored as hazardous drinkers. Informational messages were rated the most helpful, whereas motivational messages were rated the most interesting. Hazardous drinkers rated informational messages less helpful than non-hazardous drinkers. @entity1 reported messages less helpful and interesting than @entity1 for most categories. Young adults authored 161 messages, with the highest proportion being motivational. Young adults had variable instrumental and affective attitudes toward expert-authored messages. They generated a substantial number of peer-authored messages that could enhance relevance of future @entity167 prevention interventions.

title: Using online crowdsourcing to understand young adult attitudes toward expert-authored messages aimed at reducing hazardous XXXX consumption and to collect peer-authored messages.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Participants', 'Men', 'people']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Endothelial cell (EC)-dependent vasodilation by @entity23451 ( @entity23451 ) is preserved in small caliber arteries in disease states where vasodilation by muscarinic receptors is decreased. In this study, we identified and characterized the @entity23451 -mediated intracellular @entity460 ( @entity141 )-release mechanisms in EC from small caliber arteries in healthy and diseased states. Mesenteric arterial EC were isolated from @entity23451 wild-type (WT) and null @entity19 , after saline (controls) or @entity15395 ( @entity15395 ) infusion, for imaging intracellular @entity460 and characterizing the @entity460 -release system by immunofluorescence. EC @entity141 signals comprised two forms of @entity141 -release events that had distinct spatial-temporal properties and occurred near either the plasmalemma (peripheral) or center of EC. In healthy EC, @entity23451 -dependent increases in the densities and firing rates of both forms of @entity141 -release were abolished by @entity671 receptor ( @entity12845 ) inhibitor, but partially reduced by transient potential vanilloid channels inhibitor @entity3739 red (RR). @entity934 ( @entity1617 )-induced less overall @entity141 -release than @entity23451 activation, but enhanced selectively the incidence of central events. @entity23451 -dependent @entity141 -activity, inhibitors sensitivities, @entity12845 , small- and intermediate-conductance @entity141 -activated @entity972 channels expressions were unchanged in EC from @entity15395 WT. However, the same cells exhibited decreases in @entity1617 -induced @entity141 -release, RR sensitivity, and endothelial @entity842 synthase expression, indicating @entity15395 -induced dysfunction was differentiated by receptor, @entity141 -release, and downstream targets of EC activation. We conclude that @entity23451 and muscarinic receptors selectively elicit two elementary @entity141 signals in single EC. @entity23451 -selective @entity12845 -dependent peripheral @entity141 -release mechanisms are identical between healthy and diseased states. Further study of @entity23451 -selective @entity141 -release for eliciting pathological and/or normal EC functions is warranted.

title: Small caliber arterial endothelial cells XXXX signals elicited by @entity23451 are preserved from endothelial dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity23451 :: ('14063(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['proteinase-activated receptor 2', 'PAR2']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Endothelial cell (EC)-dependent vasodilation by @entity23451 ( @entity23451 ) is preserved in small caliber arteries in disease states where vasodilation by muscarinic receptors is decreased. In this study, we identified and characterized the @entity23451 -mediated intracellular @entity460 ( @entity141 )-release mechanisms in EC from small caliber arteries in healthy and diseased states. Mesenteric arterial EC were isolated from @entity23451 wild-type (WT) and null @entity19 , after saline (controls) or @entity15395 ( @entity15395 ) infusion, for imaging intracellular @entity460 and characterizing the @entity460 -release system by immunofluorescence. EC @entity141 signals comprised two forms of @entity141 -release events that had distinct spatial-temporal properties and occurred near either the plasmalemma (peripheral) or center of EC. In healthy EC, @entity23451 -dependent increases in the densities and firing rates of both forms of @entity141 -release were abolished by @entity671 receptor ( @entity12845 ) inhibitor, but partially reduced by transient potential vanilloid channels inhibitor @entity3739 red (RR). @entity934 ( @entity1617 )-induced less overall @entity141 -release than @entity23451 activation, but enhanced selectively the incidence of central events. @entity23451 -dependent @entity141 -activity, inhibitors sensitivities, @entity12845 , small- and intermediate-conductance @entity141 -activated @entity972 channels expressions were unchanged in EC from @entity15395 WT. However, the same cells exhibited decreases in @entity1617 -induced @entity141 -release, RR sensitivity, and endothelial @entity842 synthase expression, indicating @entity15395 -induced dysfunction was differentiated by receptor, @entity141 -release, and downstream targets of EC activation. We conclude that @entity23451 and muscarinic receptors selectively elicit two elementary @entity141 signals in single EC. @entity23451 -selective @entity12845 -dependent peripheral @entity141 -release mechanisms are identical between healthy and diseased states. Further study of @entity23451 -selective @entity141 -release for eliciting pathological and/or normal EC functions is warranted.

title: Small caliber arterial endothelial cells @entity460 signals elicited by XXXX are preserved from endothelial dysfunction.

answer: @entity23451 :: (14063(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PAR2']


abstract: Systemic availability of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) in normal @entity1 subjects after oral ingestion of 1 g in three different formulations was determined by using high-pressure liquid chromatography for @entity1281 assay. For an effervescent, a plain and a sustained release preparation systemic availabilities expressed in percent of the ingested dose were 16.9 +/- 3.2, 8.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. All subjects had clearly measureable amounts of @entity1281 in plasma after oral intake of a sustained release preparation with an average peak concentration of 15 mumol/l. Peak concentration after an effervescent and plain formulation was on the average 80 and 40 mumol/l, respectively. Half-life of @entity1281 in plasma was 18.1 +/- 1.2 min. for the effervescent and 28.7 +/- 5.3 min. for the plain preparation, while the elimination phase was too ill defined for the sustained release formulation. Average plasma half-life of @entity3785 (SA) was similar after the three different administration forms with values between 3.0 and 3.7 hrs. Further, no difference in SA distribution volumes or amounts of SA absorbed was found. The present study demonstrates that oral ingestion of @entity1281 in effervescent, plain and sustained release formulations gives rise to significant amounts of @entity1281 in plasma. Concentrations found indicate that long-term antithrombotic therapy with @entity1281 in a sustained release formulation may be possible.

title: Systemic availability of XXXX in @entity1 subjects after oral ingestion of three different formulations.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: Systemic availability of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) in normal @entity1 subjects after oral ingestion of 1 g in three different formulations was determined by using high-pressure liquid chromatography for @entity1281 assay. For an effervescent, a plain and a sustained release preparation systemic availabilities expressed in percent of the ingested dose were 16.9 +/- 3.2, 8.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. All subjects had clearly measureable amounts of @entity1281 in plasma after oral intake of a sustained release preparation with an average peak concentration of 15 mumol/l. Peak concentration after an effervescent and plain formulation was on the average 80 and 40 mumol/l, respectively. Half-life of @entity1281 in plasma was 18.1 +/- 1.2 min. for the effervescent and 28.7 +/- 5.3 min. for the plain preparation, while the elimination phase was too ill defined for the sustained release formulation. Average plasma half-life of @entity3785 (SA) was similar after the three different administration forms with values between 3.0 and 3.7 hrs. Further, no difference in SA distribution volumes or amounts of SA absorbed was found. The present study demonstrates that oral ingestion of @entity1281 in effervescent, plain and sustained release formulations gives rise to significant amounts of @entity1281 in plasma. Concentrations found indicate that long-term antithrombotic therapy with @entity1281 in a sustained release formulation may be possible.

title: Systemic availability of @entity117 in XXXX subjects after oral ingestion of three different formulations.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although exceedingly rare, catastrophic @entity16 may result from endotracheal intubation of @entity1 with preexisting cervical @entity66 . The authors report on 2 cases of @entity1688 resulting from emergent endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit. A 68-year-old @entity1 with @entity1691 became @entity1688 after emergent intubation. A new C6-7 fracturedislocation was identified, and the @entity1 underwent emergent open reduction and C4-T2 posterior fixation and fusion. The @entity1 remained @entity1688 and ultimately died of pneumonia 1 year later. This is the first report with radiographic documentation of a cervical @entity174 resulting from intubation in a @entity1 with @entity1691 . A 73-year-old @entity1 underwent posterior C6-T1 decompression and fixation for a C6-7 @entity174 . On postoperative Day 12, emergent intubation for respiratory distress resulted in C6-level @entity1688 . Imaging revealed acute spondyloptosis at C6-7, and the @entity1 underwent emergent open reduction with revision and extension of posterior fusion from @entity53960 -2. He remained @entity1688 and ventilator dependent. Five days after the second operation, care was withdrawn. This is the first report of intubation as a cause of significant @entity16 related to disruption of a recently fixated cervical @entity174 . Risk factors are identified and pertinent literature is reviewed for cases of catastrophic @entity16 after emergent endotracheal intubation. Strategies for obtaining airway control in @entity1 with cervical spine pathology are also identified. Awareness of the potential dangers of airway management in @entity1 with cervical spine pathology is critical for all involved subspecialty team members.

title: Catastrophic XXXX of emergent endotracheal intubation: report of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic', 'quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spine disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture-dislocation', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological decline', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neutralizing strategies are secondary to obsessions and an additional cause of distress and interference, but they have received little attention in theories and research, especially the non-ritualized covert strategies. This study focuses on the comparative impact of non-ritualized covert and compulsive-overt strategies in the course of @entity3119 . METHODS: Eighty-two @entity3119 adult @entity1 completed measures assessing distress, interference, appraisals and overt and covert neutralizing strategies to control obsessions. Thirty-eight @entity1 who had completed cognitive therapy were assessed again after treatment. RESULTS: Only overt compulsions are associated with @entity3119 severity. Nonetheless, considering the main symptom dimension, covert strategies are also associated with severity in @entity1 with moral-based obsessions. @entity1 who used covert strategies more frequently, compared to those who use them less, reported more sadness, guilt, control importance, interference, and dysfunctional appraisals. Regarding the overt strategies, @entity1 who used them more reported more @entity148 and ascribed more personal meaning to their obsessions than the @entity1 who used them less. After treatment, recovered @entity1 decreased their use of both covert and overt strategies, while non-recovered @entity1 did not. There was a higher rate of non-recovered @entity1 among those who used more non-ritualized covert strategies before treatment. LIMITATIONS: Emotions and appraisals were assessed with a single item. @entity3119 symptom dimensions were only assessed by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to studying overt compulsions, the impact of covert neutralizing strategies on the @entity3119 course and severity warrants more in-depth study.

title: Discovering what is hidden: The role of non-ritualized covert neutralizing strategies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder']


abstract: Growth plate morphometry and measurements of serum chemistry were correlated to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity14645 and @entity12146 . Accumulation of proliferating and maturing cartilage in @entity14645 chicks is accompanied by increased length and increased variation in length of perforating epiphyseal vessels, decreased number and abnormal arrangement of marrow spaces, an increased proportion of cells to blood vessels in marrow spaces, and a change in the distribution but not the total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Accumulation of @entity1184 cartilage in @entity12146 is accompanied by no change in length, distribution, or number of perforating epiphyseal vessels, elongation but no change in number or arrangement of marrow spaces, an increase in the relative proportion of blood vessels to cells in the marrow spaces, and no change in distribution but a decrease in total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Both types of rickets have decreased amounts of calcified cartilage. These results provide further evidence that @entity3747 and @entity5886 cause morphologically distinct types of rickets in birds. The data indicate that the thickness of the proliferating and maturing region and hence the distance of the @entity1184 zones from the epiphysis are anatomically and temporally related to length of perforating epiphyseal vessels and serum @entity460 levels. They indicate that in @entity14645 of proliferating and maturing cartilage is unlikely to be the result of increased chondrocyte replication and that the relative rates of chondrocyte @entity1184 and resorption of @entity1184 cartilage by marrow are equal. They support the concept that delayed chondrocyte @entity1184 is the major cause of growth plate thickening in @entity14645 . Data presented in this study, when considered together with data from the literature on @entity12146 , support the long-held concept that growth plate thickening in this disease is caused primarily by a decreased rate of resorption of @entity1184 cartilage by marrow relative to the rates of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, and @entity1184 . The data further support the concepts that growth of cartilage into marrow is a biphasic process including longitudinal growth effected mainly by blood vessels, and resorption of the lateral walls of marrow spaces effected mainly by marrow cells, and that it is the latter phase that is defective in @entity5886 .

title: Studies on the pathogenesis of avian rickets. I. Changes in epiphyseal and metaphyseal vessels in XXXX and @entity12146 .

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic rickets accumulation', 'hypocalcemic rickets', 'hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity12146 :: ('MESH:D063730', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemic rickets', 'hypophosphatemic avian rickets']

answer: @entity14645 :: (MESH:C562689,Disease) :: ['hypocalcemic']


abstract: Growth plate morphometry and measurements of serum chemistry were correlated to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity14645 and @entity12146 . Accumulation of proliferating and maturing cartilage in @entity14645 chicks is accompanied by increased length and increased variation in length of perforating epiphyseal vessels, decreased number and abnormal arrangement of marrow spaces, an increased proportion of cells to blood vessels in marrow spaces, and a change in the distribution but not the total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Accumulation of @entity1184 cartilage in @entity12146 is accompanied by no change in length, distribution, or number of perforating epiphyseal vessels, elongation but no change in number or arrangement of marrow spaces, an increase in the relative proportion of blood vessels to cells in the marrow spaces, and no change in distribution but a decrease in total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Both types of rickets have decreased amounts of calcified cartilage. These results provide further evidence that @entity3747 and @entity5886 cause morphologically distinct types of rickets in birds. The data indicate that the thickness of the proliferating and maturing region and hence the distance of the @entity1184 zones from the epiphysis are anatomically and temporally related to length of perforating epiphyseal vessels and serum @entity460 levels. They indicate that in @entity14645 of proliferating and maturing cartilage is unlikely to be the result of increased chondrocyte replication and that the relative rates of chondrocyte @entity1184 and resorption of @entity1184 cartilage by marrow are equal. They support the concept that delayed chondrocyte @entity1184 is the major cause of growth plate thickening in @entity14645 . Data presented in this study, when considered together with data from the literature on @entity12146 , support the long-held concept that growth plate thickening in this disease is caused primarily by a decreased rate of resorption of @entity1184 cartilage by marrow relative to the rates of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, and @entity1184 . The data further support the concepts that growth of cartilage into marrow is a biphasic process including longitudinal growth effected mainly by blood vessels, and resorption of the lateral walls of marrow spaces effected mainly by marrow cells, and that it is the latter phase that is defective in @entity5886 .

title: Studies on the pathogenesis of avian rickets. I. Changes in epiphyseal and metaphyseal vessels in @entity14645 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity12146 :: (MESH:D063730,Disease) :: ['hypophosphatemic rickets']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High- @entity1735 diets have been associated with   -cell strain, @entity2299 , and @entity409 . We examined how b-cell and endothelial function adapt to @entity1735 overloading and the influence of insulin resistance. On sequential days in randomized order, nondiabetic subjects (classified as insulin-sensitive (IS, n=64) or insulin-resistant (IR, n=79) by euglycemic clamp) received 4 mixed meals over 14 hours with either standard (300 kcal) or double @entity1735 content. b-cell function was reconstructed by mathematical modeling; brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ) was measured before and after each meal. Compared with IS, IR subjects showed higher glycemias and insulin hypersecretion due to greater   -cell @entity413 and rate sensitivity; potentiation of insulin secretion, however, was impaired. Circulating FFA were less suppressed in IR than IS subjects. Baseline @entity384 was reduced in IR, and postprandial @entity384 attenuation occurred after each meal, particularly with high @entity1735 , similarly in IR and IS. Throughout the 2 study days, higher FFA levels were significantly associated with lower (incretin-induced) potentiation and impaired @entity384 . In nondiabetic individuals, enhanced @entity413 sensitivity and potentiation upregulate the insulin secretory response to @entity1735 overloading. With insulin resistance this adaptation is impaired. Defective suppression of endogenous FFA is one common link between impaired potentiation and vascular @entity409 .

title: Adaptation of b-cell and Endothelial Function to XXXX Loading: Influence of Insulin Resistance.

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endogenous regeneration has been demonstrated in the @entity1 heart after @entity63 . However, approximately one-third of cases of @entity712 are secondary to nonischemic @entity299 and cardiac regeneration in these cases remains relatively unexplored. We, therefore, aimed at quantifying the rate of new cardiomyocyte formation at different stages of nonischemic @entity296 . Six-, 12-, 29-, and 44-week-old mdx @entity19 received a 7 day pulse of @entity1603 . Quantification of isolated cardiomyocyte nuclei was undertaken using cytometric analysis to exclude nondiploid nuclei. Between 6-7 and 12-13 weeks, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of @entity1603 -labeled nuclei in the mdx hearts compared with wild-type controls. This difference was lost by the 29-30 week time point, and a significant decrease in cardiomyocyte generation was observed in both the control and mdx hearts by 44-45 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated @entity1603 -labeled nuclei exclusively in mononucleated cardiomyocytes. This study demonstrates cardiomyocyte regeneration in a nonischemic model of @entity1 @entity296 , controlling for changes in nuclear ploidy, which is lost with age, and confirms a decrease in baseline rates of cardiomyocyte regeneration with aging. While not attempting to address the cellular source of regeneration, it confirms the potential utility of innate regeneration as a therapeutic target.

title: Cardiomyocyte Regeneration in the mdx @entity19 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endogenous regeneration has been demonstrated in the @entity1 heart after @entity63 . However, approximately one-third of cases of @entity712 are secondary to nonischemic @entity299 and cardiac regeneration in these cases remains relatively unexplored. We, therefore, aimed at quantifying the rate of new cardiomyocyte formation at different stages of nonischemic @entity296 . Six-, 12-, 29-, and 44-week-old mdx @entity19 received a 7 day pulse of @entity1603 . Quantification of isolated cardiomyocyte nuclei was undertaken using cytometric analysis to exclude nondiploid nuclei. Between 6-7 and 12-13 weeks, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of @entity1603 -labeled nuclei in the mdx hearts compared with wild-type controls. This difference was lost by the 29-30 week time point, and a significant decrease in cardiomyocyte generation was observed in both the control and mdx hearts by 44-45 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated @entity1603 -labeled nuclei exclusively in mononucleated cardiomyocytes. This study demonstrates cardiomyocyte regeneration in a nonischemic model of @entity1 @entity296 , controlling for changes in nuclear ploidy, which is lost with age, and confirms a decrease in baseline rates of cardiomyocyte regeneration with aging. While not attempting to address the cellular source of regeneration, it confirms the potential utility of innate regeneration as a therapeutic target.

title: Cardiomyocyte Regeneration in the mdx XXXX Model of @entity296 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4236 is an uncommon @entity5 of the head and neck for which there is no defined treatment protocol. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with the treatment and patterns of failure of this disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1994 to 2012, 37 previously unreported @entity1 with @entity4236 were evaluated, and 32 eventually treated for cure at 2 academic medical centers. All @entity1 were staged with Kadish criteria. The mean and median follow-ups were 96.1 and 76.5months respectively (range 6-240months). RESULTS: The Kadish stage was A in 6 @entity1 , B in 13 @entity1 , and C in 13 @entity1 . Four @entity1 were initially treated with concurrent chemo-radiation therapy. Twenty-eight @entity1 were treated with primary surgery. Two (2) underwent open medial maxillectomy and 26 underwent craniofacial resection (open - 17, endoscopic - 9). Three @entity1 received curative surgical resection only. Seven @entity1 failed either within the @entity129 or distantly, 6 of the 7 are dead of disease, 10-194months following initial treatment. Six @entity1 had isolated neck recurrences, 4/6 were salvaged with neck dissection and additional chemo-radiation and remain alive 30-194months following initial treatment. Estimated overall survival rate at 10years was 78% based on Kadish and T stages. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective analysis of 32 @entity1 , Kadish stage C and stage T3/T4 @entity5 were associated with worse outcome. Total radiation dose of 60Gy, margin status, @entity1 age, were not found to have significant prognostic value.

title: Multidisciplinary treatment of XXXX : Patterns of failure and management of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma', 'esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial axis']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['olfactory neuroblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Telomeres were originally believed to be passive players in cellular replication, but recent research has highlighted their more active role in epigenetic patterning and promotion of cellular growth and survival. Furthermore, literature demonstrates that telomere length (TL) is responsive to environmental manipulations such as prenatal stress and dietary programming. As the search for a prognostic biomarker of concussion has had limited success, this study sought to examine whether or not telomere length (TL) could be an efficacious predictor of symptom severity in juvenile @entity35 following concussion. @entity35 from four distinct experimental groups (caloric restriction (CR), high fat diet (HFD), exercise (EX), and @entity23 ( @entity23 )) received a mild @entity131 (mTBI)/concussion and were then subjected to a behavioural test battery. The test battery was scored and the animals were categorized as poor, average, or good, based on their performance on the 6 tests examined. Skin cells (from ear notch samples) were taken 17days post-injury and DNA was extracted for telomere length analysis. Ear notch skin cell TL was highly correlated with brain tissue TL for a given individual. Animals in the CR and EX cohorts had significantly longer telomeres, while animals in the HFD cohort had significantly shorter telomeres, when compared to controls. The mTBI/concussion reduced TL in all cohorts except the EX group. A significant linear relationship was found between TL and performance on the behavioural test battery, whereby shorter telomeres were associated with poorer performance and longer telomeres with better performance. As performance on the test battery is linked to symptom severity, this study found TL to be a reasonable tool for concussion prognosis. Future studies with @entity1 populations should examine the validity of TL in peripheral cells, as a predictor of concussion pathology.

title: The use of telomere length as a predictive biomarker for injury prognosis in juvenile @entity35 following a concussion/mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['standard controls', 'STD']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Telomeres were originally believed to be passive players in cellular replication, but recent research has highlighted their more active role in epigenetic patterning and promotion of cellular growth and survival. Furthermore, literature demonstrates that telomere length (TL) is responsive to environmental manipulations such as prenatal stress and dietary programming. As the search for a prognostic biomarker of concussion has had limited success, this study sought to examine whether or not telomere length (TL) could be an efficacious predictor of symptom severity in juvenile @entity35 following concussion. @entity35 from four distinct experimental groups (caloric restriction (CR), high fat diet (HFD), exercise (EX), and @entity23 ( @entity23 )) received a mild @entity131 (mTBI)/concussion and were then subjected to a behavioural test battery. The test battery was scored and the animals were categorized as poor, average, or good, based on their performance on the 6 tests examined. Skin cells (from ear notch samples) were taken 17days post-injury and DNA was extracted for telomere length analysis. Ear notch skin cell TL was highly correlated with brain tissue TL for a given individual. Animals in the CR and EX cohorts had significantly longer telomeres, while animals in the HFD cohort had significantly shorter telomeres, when compared to controls. The mTBI/concussion reduced TL in all cohorts except the EX group. A significant linear relationship was found between TL and performance on the behavioural test battery, whereby shorter telomeres were associated with poorer performance and longer telomeres with better performance. As performance on the test battery is linked to symptom severity, this study found TL to be a reasonable tool for concussion prognosis. Future studies with @entity1 populations should examine the validity of TL in peripheral cells, as a predictor of concussion pathology.

title: The use of telomere length as a predictive biomarker for injury prognosis in juvenile XXXX following a concussion/mild @entity131 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity2294 remains controversial, because no randomized controlled trials have been conducted to determine the best approach, and results of retrospective studies have been inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to compare pericardiocentesis and pericardiotomy with respect to efficacy for preventing recurrence, and to determine, for those two procedures, diagnostic yields, complication rates, and effects on survival. We also aimed to identify clinical and procedural factors that could predict effusion recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 61 @entity1 who underwent a procedure for treatment of a @entity2294 at the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu  bec between February 2004 and September 2013. RESULTS: Pericardiocentesis was performed in 42 @entity1 , and pericardiotomy, in 19 @entity1 . The effusion recurrence rate was significantly higher in @entity1 treated with pericardiocentesis than with pericardiotomy (31.0% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.046). The diagnostic yield of the procedures was not significantly different (92.9% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.6). The overall rate of complications was similar in the two groups, as was the median overall survival (2.4 months vs. 2.6 months, p = 0.5). In univariate analyses, the procedure type was the only predictor of recurrence that approached statistical significance. Age, sex, type of @entity5 , presence of effusion at the time of @entity5 diagnosis, prior chest irradiation, tamponade upon presentation, and total volume of fluid removed did not influence the recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with pericardiocentesis, pericardiotomy had higher success rate in preventing recurrence of @entity2294 , with similar diagnostic yields, complication rates, and overall survival.

title: Pericardiocentesis versus pericardiotomy for XXXX : a retrospective comparison.

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['malignant pericardial effusion']


abstract: Between 2007 and 2010, a prospective study was done on 85 @entity1 with severe @entity3762 , in our center. Demographic features, severity of the deformity before and after serial casting according to Dim  glio classification, and complications were assessed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 8 days and 69% were male. The mean follow-up period was 26 months. The average number of castings used to correct the deformity was 5.7 times (range: 4 to 8). Tenotomy was performed in 76 (89.4%) of the feet. In all @entity1 , plantigrade foot was achieved. Tenotomy occurred more in @entity1 with higher Dim  glio scores. Although @entity1 who underwent Achilles tenotomy began to walk later than those who did not (13    7.2 versus 9.2    18), it was not significant (P = 0.06). Relapse rate, at the end of follow-up, was 27.1%. Dim  glio score before casting was 16    3.4 and at the end of follow-up it was 1.6    6.2. The @entity1 with bilateral clubfeet had inferior final outcome compared to those with unilateral clubfoot. Eighty percent of parents' were completely satisfied with their @entity1 's gait and foot appearance (94.1%). Ponseti method of manipulation and casting is a valuable technique in severe @entity5149 as well as in common types.

title: Ponseti casting for severe XXXX : are clinical outcomes promising?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nonsyndromic clubfeet']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['club foot deformity']


abstract: Introduction. Reversible @entity1779 is becoming widely accepted as a rare cause of both @entity63 and @entity548 and should be evocated in case of thunderclap headaches associated with @entity64 . We present the case of a @entity1 with @entity63 @entity64 associated with cortical @entity510 (cSAH) and reversible diffuse arteries narrowing, leading to the diagnosis of reversible @entity751 . Case Report. A 48-year-old @entity1 came to the emergency department because of an unusual thunderclap @entity10 . The computed tomography of the brain completed by CT-angiography was unremarkable. Eleven days later, she was readmitted because of a left @entity1805 . One day after her admission, she developed a @entity1269 . The brain MRI showed @entity2806 in the right frontal and occipital lobe and diffuse cSAH. The angiography showed vasoconstriction of the right anterior cerebral @entity2791 of both middle cerebral arteries. @entity3931 treatment was initiated and vasoconstriction completely regressed on day 16 after the first @entity10 . Conclusion. Our case shows a severe reversible @entity1779 where both @entity548 and @entity63 complications were present at the same time. The history we reported shows that reversible @entity1779 is still underrecognized, in particular in general emergency departments.

title: Acute XXXX at emergency department: reversible @entity1779 complicated by @entity510 and cerebral infarction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['sudden left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery and stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['vasoconstriction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Introduction. Reversible @entity1779 is becoming widely accepted as a rare cause of both @entity63 and @entity548 and should be evocated in case of thunderclap headaches associated with @entity64 . We present the case of a @entity1 with @entity63 @entity64 associated with cortical @entity510 (cSAH) and reversible diffuse arteries narrowing, leading to the diagnosis of reversible @entity751 . Case Report. A 48-year-old @entity1 came to the emergency department because of an unusual thunderclap @entity10 . The computed tomography of the brain completed by CT-angiography was unremarkable. Eleven days later, she was readmitted because of a left @entity1805 . One day after her admission, she developed a @entity1269 . The brain MRI showed @entity2806 in the right frontal and occipital lobe and diffuse cSAH. The angiography showed vasoconstriction of the right anterior cerebral @entity2791 of both middle cerebral arteries. @entity3931 treatment was initiated and vasoconstriction completely regressed on day 16 after the first @entity10 . Conclusion. Our case shows a severe reversible @entity1779 where both @entity548 and @entity63 complications were present at the same time. The history we reported shows that reversible @entity1779 is still underrecognized, in particular in general emergency departments.

title: Acute @entity10 at emergency department: reversible XXXX complicated by @entity510 and cerebral infarction.

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome']


abstract: Introduction. Reversible @entity1779 is becoming widely accepted as a rare cause of both @entity63 and @entity548 and should be evocated in case of thunderclap headaches associated with @entity64 . We present the case of a @entity1 with @entity63 @entity64 associated with cortical @entity510 (cSAH) and reversible diffuse arteries narrowing, leading to the diagnosis of reversible @entity751 . Case Report. A 48-year-old @entity1 came to the emergency department because of an unusual thunderclap @entity10 . The computed tomography of the brain completed by CT-angiography was unremarkable. Eleven days later, she was readmitted because of a left @entity1805 . One day after her admission, she developed a @entity1269 . The brain MRI showed @entity2806 in the right frontal and occipital lobe and diffuse cSAH. The angiography showed vasoconstriction of the right anterior cerebral @entity2791 of both middle cerebral arteries. @entity3931 treatment was initiated and vasoconstriction completely regressed on day 16 after the first @entity10 . Conclusion. Our case shows a severe reversible @entity1779 where both @entity548 and @entity63 complications were present at the same time. The history we reported shows that reversible @entity1779 is still underrecognized, in particular in general emergency departments.

title: Acute @entity10 at emergency department: reversible @entity1779 complicated by XXXX and cerebral infarction.

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: This current concepts review outlines the role of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis, preoperative planning, and follow-up of osteochondral @entity3681 . An osteochondral ankle defect involves the articular cartilage and subchondral bone (usually of the talus) and is mostly caused by an ankle supination @entity130 . Conventional radiographs are useful as an initial imaging tool in the diagnostic process, but have only moderate sensitivity for the detection of @entity4713 . Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more accurate imaging modalities. Recently, ultrasonography and single photon emission CT have been described for the evaluation of @entity4713 . CT is the most valuable modality for assessing the exact location and size of @entity75 . Cartilage and subchondral @entity79 can be visualized using MRI, but the defect size tends to be overestimated due to bone @entity4 . CT with the ankle in full @entity1411 has been shown a reliable tool for preoperative planning of the surgical approach. Postoperative imaging is useful for objective assessment of repair tissue or degenerative changes of the ankle joint. Plain radiography, CT and MRI have been used in outcome studies, and different scoring systems are available.

title: Diagnosing, planning and evaluating osteochondral XXXX with imaging modalities.

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral talar defects', 'osteochondral defects']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle defects']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone damage']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: To assess experimentally endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) as an alternative technique of endoscopic submucosal resection. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative experimental animal study carried out over a period of 9 months at the surgical research and teaching center of Aix-Marseille University, France. Virtual esophageal and @entity1819 measuring 3cm in diameter were resected in @entity1707 weighing 25 to 30kg. The primary aim was to evaluate ESTD's efficacy compared with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The secondary aims were to determine complication rates as well as to assess procedure time and procedure speed, histologic quality of the resected specimen, and procedure cost. RESULTS: Eighteen procedures (9 ESD and 9 ESTD) were performed in nine @entity1707 . The technical success rate was 88.9% for both techniques, with one single failure in each. The en bloc resection rate was 100% for ESTD and 88.9% for ESD (one failure). The complication rate (22%) and median procedure time were similar but dissection speed was quicker with ESTD in the esophagus (P=0.03). Median procedure cost (728 @entity7634 for ESD and ESTD) did not differ. On histologic examination, the lateral margins were healthy in 100% of ESTD and in 88.9% of ESD (P=0.49). Deep resection margins were of better quality in ESTD (median submucosal thickness: 1307.1  m vs. 884.7  m; P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: ESTD is feasible and safe but not superior in the treatment of superficial esophageal/ @entity1819 in porcine models compared with ESD. Nevertheless it provides a better quality histologic specimen.

title: Prospective randomized comparison of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection and conventional submucosal dissection in the resection of superficial esophageal/ XXXX in a living porcine model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['gastric lesions']