abstract: @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase is a flavoprotein which contains both an FAD and @entity21890 cofactor. Since the distribution of electrons is governed solely by the redox potentials of the cofactors, there are nine different ways the electrons can be distributed and hence nine possible unique forms of the protein. More than one species of reductase will exist at a given level of oxidation except when the protein is either totally reduced or oxidized. In an attempt to unambiguously characterize the redox properties of the physiologically relevant FMNH(2) form of the reductase, the @entity72565 mutant of @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase has been reconstituted with 5'-deazaFAD which binds to the FAD-binding site of the reductase with a K(d) of 94 nM. The 5'-deazaFAD cofactor does not undergo oxidation or reduction under our experimental conditions. The molar ratio of @entity21890 to 5'-deazaFAD in the reconstituted reductase was 1.1. Residual FAD accounted for less than 5% of the total @entity28094 . Addition of 2 electron equivalents to the 5'-deazaFAD @entity72565 reductase from dithionite generated a stoichiometric amount of the @entity21890 @entity8156 form of the protein. The 5'-deazaFAD moiety remained oxidized under these conditions due to its low redox potential (-650 mV). The 2-electron-reduced 5'-deazaFAD reductase was capable of transferring only a single electron from its @entity21890 domain to its redox partners, ferric @entity4674 and @entity13508 (5). Reduction of the cytochromes and oxidation of the reductase occurred simultaneously. The FMNH(2) in the 5'-deazaFAD reductase autoxidizes with a first-order rate constant of 0.007 s(-)(1). Availability of a stable @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase capable of donating only a single electron to its redox partners provides a unique tool for investigating the electron-transfer properties of an intact reductase molecule.

title: Preparation and characterization of a 5'-deazaFAD XXXX @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase.

answer: @entity72565 :: (p|SUB|T|491|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['T491V']


abstract: AIM: To examine the quality of surgical care and long-term oncologic outcome after D2 gastrectomy for @entity356 . METHODS: From 1999 to 2008, a total of 109 consecutive @entity1 underwent D2 gastrectomy without routine pancreaticosplenectomy in a multimodal setting at our institution. Oncologic outcomes together with clinical and histopathologic data were analyzed in relation to the type of surgery performed. Staging was carried out according to the Union for International @entity5 Control criteria of 2002. @entity1 were followed-up for five years at the outpatient clinic. The primary measure of outcome was long-term survival with the quality of surgery as a secondary outcome measure. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from the @entity1 records, and causes of death were obtained from national registries. RESULTS: A total of 109 @entity1 (58 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 67.4    11.2 years underwent total gastrectomy or gastric resection with D2 lymph node dissection. The @entity5 stage distribution was as follows: stage   I, (27/109) 24.8%; stage II, (31/109) 28.4%; stage III, (41/109) 37.6%; and stage IV, (10/109) 9.2%. Forty @entity1 (36.7%) received chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The five-year overall survival rate for all 109 @entity1 was 45.0%, and was 47.1% for the 104 @entity1 treated with curative R0 resection. The five-year disease-specific survival rates were 53.0% and 55.8%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, body mass index and @entity5 stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (both P < 0.01), whereas body mass index, @entity5 stage, @entity5 site, Lauren classification, and lymph node invasion were prognostic factors for @entity5 -specific survival (all P < 0.05). Postoperative 30-d mortality was 1.8% and 30-d, surgical (including three @entity834 , two of which were treated conservatively), and general morbidities were 26.6%, 12.8%, and 14.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: D2 dissection is a safe surgical option for @entity356 , providing quality surgical care and long-term oncologic outcomes that are in line with current Western standards.

title: Surgical care quality and oncologic outcome after D2 gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low adherence to Global initiative for @entity1030 (GOLD) guideline recommendations has been reported worldwide. There has been no study on the adherence to GOLD guidelines for @entity1030 treatment in @entity233 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the rates of adherence to GOLD 2010 guidelines for @entity1030 treatment among pulmonologists. DESIGN: A multi-center, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out in eleven pulmonary outpatient clinics across @entity233 . Adherence to GOLD was evaluated through hospital records. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. RESULTS: Study included 719 @entity1 (mean age: 62.9  9.7 years; males 85.4%) of whom 16 was classified as GOLD Stage I, 238 as II, 346 as III, and 119 as IV, and only 59.5% received appropriate treatment. Rates of guideline adherence varied across GOLD stages (I, 6.3%; II, 14.7%; III, 84.4%; and IV, 84%). Causes of inappropriate therapies were overtreatment (Stage I, 100% and Stage II, 91.1%), undertreatment (Stage III, 3.3% and Stage IV, 10.9%) and lack of treatment (Stage II, 3.8%; Stage III, 2.3%; and Stage IV, 5.9%). The most preferred regimen (43.4%) was long-acting b2-agonist-inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting muscarinic antagonist. Overall, 614 @entity1 (89%) received treatment containing inhaled corticosteroid. CONCLUSION: Pulmonologists in @entity233 have low rates of adherence to GOLD guidelines in @entity1030 treatment. Inappropriateness of therapies was due to overtreatment in early stages and excessive use of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in all disease stages.

title: Adherence to GOLD guideline treatment recommendations among pulmonologists in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic Obstructive Lung Disease']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimum treatment method for large femoral @entity79 during revision knee replacement has not been established. The purpose of the present study was to determine the initial results associated with the use of porous @entity11608 metaphyseal cones for the treatment of severe femoral @entity604 at the time of revision total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Porous @entity11608 metaphyseal cones were implanted during twenty-four revision total knee replacements. The study group included thirteen @entity1 and eleven @entity1 with a mean age of sixty-four years at the time of the procedure. The indications for the revision procedure included @entity2096 (eleven @entity1 ), second-stage reimplantation for the treatment of @entity281 (seven @entity1 ), severe @entity3061 around a well-fixed femoral component (three @entity1 ), @entity3330 (two @entity1 ), and severe knee instability (one @entity1 ). RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed for an average of thirty-three months (range, twenty-four to fifty months). Overall, the average Knee Society clinical score improved from 55 points preoperatively to 81 points at the time of the latest follow-up. Radiographic evaluation was completed for twenty @entity1 after a mean duration of follow-up of thirty-five months. All femoral cones appeared well fixed radiographically, with no evidence of complications related to the cone. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of short-term follow-up, the porous @entity11608 metaphyseal femoral cones effectively provided structural support for the femoral implants of a revision total knee arthroplasty in this series. The potential for long-term biologic fixation may provide durability for reconstructions. Long-term follow-up and comparison with alternative reconstructive techniques will be required to evaluate the true effectiveness of this implant.

title: Early results of the use of XXXX femoral cones for revision total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic femoral fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening of the femoral component']

answer: @entity11608 :: (MESH:D013635,Chemical) :: ['tantalum']


abstract: @entity2615 is a rare @entity5 that originates from the abdominal peritoneum with a predisposition to the pelvic peritoneum. It typically affects @entity1 of reproductive age. There have been less than 200 cases of this rare @entity5 reported to date. We present the case of a 35-year-old @entity1 who was referred to our centre because of the detection of a peritoneal @entity189 during a gynaecological exam. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. The findings included @entity45 appearing as 'a bunch of grapes' occupying the omentum. Biopsies were taken during the surgery and the results showed @entity298 . @entity2615 can simulate other conditions, such as @entity43 or @entity3609 . It is often diagnosed accidentally during surgery performed for another reason. The diagnosis is interoperative, observing multicystic structures grouped as a 'bunch of grapes' containing clear fluid with thin walls made of connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry confirmed mesothelial origin. Surgery is considered the treatment of choice and is based on the removal of the cysts from the abdominal cavity. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy can be considered as a primary treatment in @entity1 with recurrences or even as a part of primary treatment associated with surgery. Survival at 5 years is 100% and invasive or malignant progression is extraordinary. The treatment approach should be multidisciplinary, and the @entity1 should be referred to a referral centre.

title: XXXX originating from benign cystic peritoneal mesothelioma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['Benign multicystic mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cysts']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Asymptomatic peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) is a rare paediatric disease of unknown etiology affecting 1 to 5 @entity1 per 1 million each year. It is characterized by the idiopathic proliferation of Langerhans' cells. The clinical spectrum of disease is quite varied, ranging from a solitary eosinophilic granuloma to diffuse multisystem involvement. The head and neck is the most common site of involvement, occurring in approximately 60% of @entity1222 @entity1 . Head and neck manifestations are diverse and include skull and temporal @entity79 , cervical @entity3329 , and @entity1910 . Diagnosis can be difficult as these lesions mimic other common conditions seen by the otolaryngologist, including @entity12088 , acute @entity2267 , and @entity2522 . A retrospective study was carried out to study our centre's experience with @entity1222 over the last 10 years. Twenty-one @entity1 were diagnosed between January 1990 and December 1999. @entity1 's age at time of diagnosis ranged from 6 days to 14 years. Fifty-seven percent of @entity1 had localized bony lesions; the remaining 43% had @entity66 . The head and neck was also the most commonly involved site in our study, affecting 67% of our @entity1 . Presentation and diagnosis of these lesions are discussed in detail. Treatment, complications, and @entity1 outcomes will also be discussed.

title: XXXX in the paediatric population: presentation and treatment of head and neck manifestations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse multisystem disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ["Langerhans' cell histiocytosis", 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans' cell histiocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for @entity65 in a general population or have included a biochemical marker of current smoking. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and serum @entity1851 , @entity2002 , and @entity1255 levels. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The U.S. general population. @entity1 : 4187 current smokers, 4791 former smokers, and 8375 never-smokers 18 years of age or older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1988 and 1994. MEASUREMENTS: Serum @entity1851 levels were categorized as detectable (2.2 to 9.9 mg/L) or clinically elevated (> or =10 mg/L), and @entity2002 and @entity1255 levels were defined as elevated if in the 85th percentile or greater (11.1 micromol/L and 12.7 mmol/L, respectively). RESULTS: After adjustment for traditional @entity65 risk factors, cigarette smoking was related to elevated levels of @entity1851 , @entity2002 , and @entity1255 . Compared with never smoking cigarettes, self-reported current cigarette smoking was associated with a @entity1851 level in the detectable (odds ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40 to 1.97]; P < 0.001) or clinically elevated (odds ratio, 1.98 [CI, 1.57 to 2.51]; P < 0.001) ranges, with elevated levels of @entity2002 (odds ratio, 2.15 [CI, 1.65 to 2.80]; P < 0.001) and @entity1255 (odds ratio, 2.10 [CI, 1.62 to 2.74]; P < 0.001). There were positive and significant dose-response relationships between measures of cigarette smoking (cigarettes per day, pack-years, and serum @entity4874 levels) and elevated levels of novel risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity32 and @entity3562 may be important mechanisms by which smoking promotes @entity731 .

title: Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: @entity8302 are very rare and account for only 3% of @entity5 and are generally benign. Only less than 0.2% of all @entity5 were evidenced by metastatic spread. We report a 34-year-old @entity1 visited hospital because of coughing sputum mixed with blood. His chest CT showed bilateral patch clouding opacity. He was suspected with @entity56 and treated with @entity1667 . However, his symptoms and general condition deteriorated, and he visited our hospital. He had no abnormal findings on physical examination. A chest radiograph showed @entity55 in whole lung and CT showed multiple nodules and diffused ground glass opacities in both lung fields. Lung biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of @entity8302 with lung metastasis. The diagnosis is based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

title: XXXX with lung metastasis diagnosed by lung biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancers', 'testicular tumors']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell tumor', 'Leydig cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic alveolitis']

answer: @entity8302 :: (MESH:D007984,Disease) :: ['Leydig cell tumor']


abstract: As one of the most common @entity5 , @entity356 still lacks @entity5 markers with enough specificity and sensitivity. Therefore the development of novel @entity5 markers is necessary for early diagnosis in clinics. MicroRNA (miR) has been known to be of unique expressional patterns in various @entity5 and may work as potential @entity5 markers for clinical use. This study thus explored the significance of plasma @entity20591 in clinical diagnosis of @entity356 and its effects on proliferation of @entity5 cells. Plasma @entity20591 levels were quantified by real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR methods in 80 cases of @entity356 @entity1 and healthy individuals to analyze the correlation between @entity20591 and clinical features. @entity20591 inhibitor was further transfected into @entity1 @entity356 cells for further cell proliferation using CCK-8 approach. @entity20591 was significantly up-regulated in @entity356 @entity1 plasma samples compared to healthy individuals (P<0.01). The area under ROC curve was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.846~0.943). It has a specificity of 93.8% and a sensitivity of 77.5% in diagnosing @entity356 . @entity20591 level was also correlated with @entity5 differentiation stage, lymph node @entity3 , TNM stage and @entity5 size (P<0.05). The down-regulation of @entity20591 in @entity356 cells inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05). @entity20591 was significantly up-regulated in @entity356 @entity1 and can facilitate the in vitro proliferation of @entity5 cells. It may work as a biological marker for @entity356 .

title: Diagnostic significance of XXXX in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity20591 :: (406899,Gene) :: ['miR-106a']


abstract: As one of the most common @entity5 , @entity356 still lacks @entity5 markers with enough specificity and sensitivity. Therefore the development of novel @entity5 markers is necessary for early diagnosis in clinics. MicroRNA (miR) has been known to be of unique expressional patterns in various @entity5 and may work as potential @entity5 markers for clinical use. This study thus explored the significance of plasma @entity20591 in clinical diagnosis of @entity356 and its effects on proliferation of @entity5 cells. Plasma @entity20591 levels were quantified by real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR methods in 80 cases of @entity356 @entity1 and healthy individuals to analyze the correlation between @entity20591 and clinical features. @entity20591 inhibitor was further transfected into @entity1 @entity356 cells for further cell proliferation using CCK-8 approach. @entity20591 was significantly up-regulated in @entity356 @entity1 plasma samples compared to healthy individuals (P<0.01). The area under ROC curve was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.846~0.943). It has a specificity of 93.8% and a sensitivity of 77.5% in diagnosing @entity356 . @entity20591 level was also correlated with @entity5 differentiation stage, lymph node @entity3 , TNM stage and @entity5 size (P<0.05). The down-regulation of @entity20591 in @entity356 cells inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05). @entity20591 was significantly up-regulated in @entity356 @entity1 and can facilitate the in vitro proliferation of @entity5 cells. It may work as a biological marker for @entity356 .

title: Diagnostic significance of @entity20591 in XXXX .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: To investigate the clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DC) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells combined with chemotherapy in multiple @entity1582 . The immunomodulatory effect of the therapy was discussed by detecting the levels of peripheral blood T cell subsets and CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory cells (Treg). Fifty MM @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: 24 cases in the simple chemotherapy group and 26 cases in the combined therapy group (chemotherapy plus DC/CIK immunotherapy). The therapeutic efficacy and the proportions of peripheral blood T cell subsets and Treg cells were compared between the two groups. The cellular immunity indicators were also compared, including @entity1199 , @entity379 , @entity3646 , @entity688 , AgNORs ratio and @entity2533 . After 3 weeks of treatment, the life quality and clinical efficacy of the combined therapy group were superior to those of the simple chemotherapy group (P<0.05). CD3(+)CD8(+) ratio, CD4(+)CD25(+) ratio, CD4(+)CD25(+)/CD4(+) ratio, CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)/CD4(+)CD25(+) ratio, @entity3646 , @entity688 and @entity2533 levels of the combined therapy group were obviously lower than those of the simple chemotherapy group (P<0.05). The CD3(+)CD4(+)/CD3(+)CD8(+) ratio, AgNOR ratio, @entity1199 and @entity379 level and positive rate of @entity3223 in the combined therapy group were significantly higher than those of the simple chemotherapy group (P<0.05). These results indicated better immunomodulatory effect of the combined therapy. DC/CIK immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has a good clinical efficacy and prospect for MM, reversing the @entity1198 to Th2 shift and increasing the anti- @entity5 capacity of the immune system.

title: Immunomodulatory effect of DC/CIK combined with chemotherapy in multiple XXXX and the clinical efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: The term retained products of conception (RPOC) refers to intrauterine tissue that develops after conception and persists after medical and surgical pregnancy termination, miscarriage, and vaginal or cesarean delivery. One of the most important factor risk for RPOC is @entity8052 , defined as "the abnormal adherence, either in whole or in part, of the afterbirth to the underlying uterine wall". We report a case of a 37 years old @entity1 referred to our gynecologic department with irregular @entity3556 . On her medical history, she had a cesarean occurred 3 months before. Ultrasonography revealed in the uterine cavity hyperechoic mass, treated with curettage. Two weeks later the curettage, @entity1 @entity3556 . On the transvaginal ultrasound, the uterine cavity was occupied again by a hyperechoic mass. She underwent to hysteroscopic resection and histological diagnosis was compatible with @entity8052 residual. In the follow up she had not complications. Early diagnosis, prompt evaluation of @entity548 is important for timely treatment and for preventing immediate complications and demolitive approach. A careful follow up is necessary to prevent late consequences. The purpose of this study is to report our experience in timely diagnosis and conservative management.

title: Conservative and timely treatment in retained products of conception: a case report of XXXX ritention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['complained still vaginal bleeding', 'vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity8052 :: (MESH:D010921,Disease) :: ['placenta accreta']


abstract: @entity24428 ( @entity24428 ), an intermediate @entity5 of endothelial origin in childhood, is often associated with @entity16970 ( @entity16970 ). In this study, 22 cases of @entity24428 were immunochemically studied for @entity2279 , @entity2280 , @entity9493 , smooth muscle actin (SMA), D240, @entity1365 and Ki67. The @entity1 (15 males and 7 females) ranged in age from 13 days to 7 years (median, 2 mo). Lesion developed on the extremities/joint (12 cases), chest/abdominal wall (6 cases), head/neck (4 cases), and presented both superficial and deep soft tissue. The superficial change was commonly enlarging cutaneous lesion with ill-defiined red to purple indurated plaque. 15 of the 22 cases (68%) developed @entity16970 , with consumptive @entity882 or @entity548 complications. @entity5 consisted of infiltrating nodules of fascicles of spindleshaped endothelial cells and slitlike vascular channels with @entity5 margins. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), endothelial cells were diffusely positive for @entity2280 , @entity2279 and @entity9493 but negative for @entity1365 , and the peripheral area of proliferative capillaries were markedly positive for D240. Adjuvant medical therapy and sclerotherapy were prepared for the @entity5 and the associated @entity16970 , and then all @entity1 were treated by complete surgical excision. Follow-up information was available in 22 @entity1 (8 to 26 months, mean 15 mo), and indicated that 1 died of @entity881 and 21 were alive without @entity66 . In conclusion, our results suggest that @entity24428 can occur in the embryonic period, and @entity1 with @entity16970 often have earlier onset time and larger lesional size. @entity24428 @entity1 given with adjuvant @entity288 and @entity1133 injection and complete resection rarely relapse.

title: Clinicopathological features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24428 :: ('MESH:C537007', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma', 'KHE']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'irregular tumor']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon', 'KMP']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity24428 :: (MESH:C537007,Disease) :: ['Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of chitosan-coated and @entity14917 -coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in @entity19 . METHODS: Insulin-liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation. @entity8038 was carried out by mixing liposomal suspension with chitosan and @entity14917 solutions, followed by incubation. The particle size and morphology of insulin-liposomes were determined using laser light scattering instrument and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The entrapment efficiency was analyzed using HPLC and ultracentrifuge. The protection of insulin from peptic and tryptic digestion was studied with HPLC. The hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharide-coated insulin liposomes were investigated using the @entity413 oxidase method after oral administration in @entity19 . RESULTS: The particle size of uncoated, @entity8038 was (138 +/- 31) nm, (230 +/- 20) nm and (266 +/- 19) nm, respectively. All insulin-liposomes were of spherical or ellipsoidal shape. The entrapment efficiencies were 81.6%, 73.5% and 68.7%, respectively. Insulin was protected from tryptic digestion by chitosan-coated liposomes and protected from peptic digestion by alginate-coated liposomes. The hypoglycemic effects of insulin-liposomes, coated with 0.1% chitosan and 0.1% @entity14917 , were observed. CONCLUSION: Chitosan-coated and @entity14917 -coated liposomes were shown to reduce peptic or tryptic digestion on insulin, and enhance enteral absorption of insulin.

title: [Hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharide-coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity14917 :: ('MESH:C008970', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alginate']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['Chitosan and alginate coating', 'chitosan-coated and alginate-coated insulin-liposomes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity2727 and the @entity889 are the most frequently used medications for treating @entity71 ( @entity71 ). These medications modulate both @entity1063 as well as @entity935 . @entity2727 is a pure blocker of the @entity1063 and @entity935 transporters. The @entity889 also block reuptake of both @entity2661 , but they also release all three @entity1154 , @entity1063 , @entity935 , and @entity750 , from presynaptic vesicles. @entity889 are the most robust agents in increasing synaptic @entity935 levels, since they do so regardless of the endogenous level of the relevant neurons. Stimulant-evoked synaptic increases of @entity935 have been demonstrated in the striatum in @entity1 , but pharmacologic effects are likely relevant to therapeutic action in other regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex. Blockade of noradrenergic reuptake in the prefrontal cortex may also indirectly increase prefrontal @entity935 levels, but there is also evidence that noradrenergic effects are mediated by alpha-2a noradrenergic receptors. A recent study in non- @entity1 primates found that @entity2727 and @entity4678 both increased the efficiency of prefrontal pyramidal neurons, but via distinct mechanisms. @entity2727 decreased non-specific signals, i.e., neuronal noise, via D1 receptors. By contrast, @entity4678 increased the strength of specific signals via activation of alpha-2 receptors. These findings, although in non- @entity1 primates, suggest that combinations of agents working on these complementary systems (D1 and alpha-2a) may be worth considering and evaluating rigorously in @entity1 with @entity71 with sub-optimal responses to monotherapy.

title: [Towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological treatments of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines', 'Amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate', 'Methyl-phenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to assess the association between either preoperative serum total @entity251 (TT) or @entity6126 (defined as TT <3 ng/mL) with high-risk @entity263 ( @entity263 ) (defined as @entity1 with pathological extracapsular extension [ECE], seminal vesicle invasion [SVI], or Gleason grades >= 4 + 3 [high-grade @entity263 ]) at radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: A cohort of 673 consecutive Caucasian-European @entity1 who underwent RP at a single institute was used. None of the @entity1 had taken any hormonal neoadjuvant treatment or other hormonal preparations during the previous 12 months. Serum TT was measured the day before surgery (8-10 AM) in all cases. Logistic regression models tested the associations among predictors (eg, @entity1486 , clinical stage, biopsy Gleason sum, body mass index, and TT) and ECE, SVI, and high-grade @entity263 . RESULTS: Median TT was 4.5 ng/mL (mean, 4.5; range, 0.02-13.6). @entity6126 was found in 144 (21.4%) @entity1 , and severe @entity6126 (defined as TT <1 ng/mL) was observed in 37 (5.5%) @entity1 . Extracapsular extension, SVI, and high-grade @entity263 were found in 96 (14.6%), 88 (13.1%), and 153 (22.7%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 had median TT comparable to those with low-risk disease. At multivariate analysis, TT did not achieve independent predictor status for ECE, SVI, and high-grade @entity263 . Only circulating TT <1 ng/mL was an independent predictor of SVI (odds ratio, 3.11; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with previous reports, preoperative circulating TT levels were not associated with high-risk @entity263 . Likewise, @entity6126 did not achieve independent predictor status for high-risk @entity263 .

title: XXXX is not an independent predictor of high-risk disease in @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'Hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity6126 :: (MESH:D007006,Disease) :: ['Preoperative hypogonadism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to assess the association between either preoperative serum total @entity251 (TT) or @entity6126 (defined as TT <3 ng/mL) with high-risk @entity263 ( @entity263 ) (defined as @entity1 with pathological extracapsular extension [ECE], seminal vesicle invasion [SVI], or Gleason grades >= 4 + 3 [high-grade @entity263 ]) at radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: A cohort of 673 consecutive Caucasian-European @entity1 who underwent RP at a single institute was used. None of the @entity1 had taken any hormonal neoadjuvant treatment or other hormonal preparations during the previous 12 months. Serum TT was measured the day before surgery (8-10 AM) in all cases. Logistic regression models tested the associations among predictors (eg, @entity1486 , clinical stage, biopsy Gleason sum, body mass index, and TT) and ECE, SVI, and high-grade @entity263 . RESULTS: Median TT was 4.5 ng/mL (mean, 4.5; range, 0.02-13.6). @entity6126 was found in 144 (21.4%) @entity1 , and severe @entity6126 (defined as TT <1 ng/mL) was observed in 37 (5.5%) @entity1 . Extracapsular extension, SVI, and high-grade @entity263 were found in 96 (14.6%), 88 (13.1%), and 153 (22.7%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 had median TT comparable to those with low-risk disease. At multivariate analysis, TT did not achieve independent predictor status for ECE, SVI, and high-grade @entity263 . Only circulating TT <1 ng/mL was an independent predictor of SVI (odds ratio, 3.11; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with previous reports, preoperative circulating TT levels were not associated with high-risk @entity263 . Likewise, @entity6126 did not achieve independent predictor status for high-risk @entity263 .

title: @entity6126 is not an independent predictor of high-risk disease in XXXX undergoing radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The hippocampal @entity194 of @entity4696 has been known, but the region shape contractions of the hippocampus in @entity4696 were inconsistent. Spheric harmonic shape analysis was applied to the hippocampus in female @entity1 with unremitting @entity4696 to evaluate morphometric changes of the hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Shape analysis was performed by using T1-weighted MR imaging in 21 female @entity1 with @entity4696 and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Manually segmented hippocampi were parameterized, and the point-to-point-based group difference was compared by using the Hotelling T-squared test. The partial correlation analyses were tested between clinical variables and shape changes. RESULTS: Both hippocampal volumes were small in @entity1 with @entity4696 compared with healthy controls, and the right hippocampal volume was negatively correlated with the number of episodes at marginal significance. Regional shape contractions were found in the ambient gyrus, basal hippocampal head, posterior subiculum, and dorsal hippocampus of the left hemisphere. The right hippocampus showed a similar pattern but was less @entity3202 compared with the left hippocampus. A negative correlation was found between the @entity3831 and shape deformation in the @entity1400 , ambient gyrus, posterior subiculum, and gyrus fasciolaris of the left hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: We showed @entity194 and regional shape contractions in the hippocampi of @entity1 with @entity4696 , which were more dominant on the left side. The causes of @entity131 could be the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids contributing to @entity528 or the failing of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.

title: Hippocampal shape deformation in female XXXX with unremitting major depressive disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2849 in siphon section of internal carotid artery (ICA) caused by @entity542 was diagnosed and totally embolized by applying digital subtraction angiography (DSA) technique, with satisfactory results. The clinical application of this technique was discussed. METHODS: The @entity1 suffered from @entity542 with serious @entity1415 were managed in our hospital by DSA. The @entity1 with @entity2849 in ICA were chosen from them. The circular function of Willis circulus in these @entity1 were checked. If it was good, the ICA was totally embolised. RESULTS: Among 32 @entity1 suffered from @entity542 with serious @entity1415 , 6 @entity1 were definitely diagnosed by DSA to have @entity2849 . The @entity887 was performed in 5 of them. Among these 5 @entity1 , 4 cured, and 1 died. The @entity1 who could not be embolized also died. CONCLUSION: The @entity2849 definitely diagnosed by DSA can be treated by embolizing siphon section of internal carotid artery completely, after checking the compensatory function of side branches in Willis circulus.

title: [Treatment of traumatic XXXX through completely embolizing siphon section of internal carotid artery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['craniocerebral trauma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: Subjective health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was investigated in 100 @entity1 with disturbed sleep (39 @entity1 aged 52 +/- 13 years and 61 @entity1 aged 53 +/- 10 years) referred to the sleep laboratory and compared with HRQoL in 100 normal healthy adults. Measurements included the Quality of Life Index (QLI) (Mezzich and Cohen), and objective (polysomnographic) and subjective (psychometric) quality of sleep and awakening. Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U-test) showed HRQoL to be significantly reduced in @entity25 ( @entity25 ), with a more pronounced reduction in nonorganic than in organic @entity25 . @entity1 with @entity2147 were more disturbed than those with @entity22 . Within organic @entity25 , @entity1 with @entity386 were more disturbed than those with obstructive snoring. Out of ten elementary HRQoL components, seven were disturbed in @entity25 : physical well-being, psychological well-being, self-care and independent functioning, occupational functioning, interpersonal functioning, personal fulfillment, and overall quality of life. No differences between @entity1 and normal healthy subjects where found in the components social support, community and services support or spiritual fulfillment. @entity1 suffering from nonorganic @entity25 had significantly worse scores in physical and psychological well-being and overall quality of life than those with organic @entity25 . @entity1 with both @entity25 and additional diagnoses of @entity1316 had more profoundly reduced HRQoL than those with @entity148 . Follow-up of 51 @entity1 (31 with nonorganic @entity25 and 20 with organic @entity25 ) one year after sleep laboratory investigation and subsequent treatment found significantly improved HRQoL compared with pre-treatment. Moreover, @entity1 diagnosed and treated in the sleep laboratory showed lower re-hospitalization @entity35 .

title: Quality of life in nonorganic and XXXX : I. Comparison with normative data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['nonorganic hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['nonorganic insomnia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'SDs']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['organic sleep disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict prognosis of @entity5 in several studies. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of stratified NLR in @entity1 who have received curative liver resection (CLR) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: A total of 1659 @entity1 who underwent CLR for suspected @entity157 between 2007 and 2014 were reviewed. The preoperative NLR was categorized into quartiles based on the quantity of the study population and the distribution of NLR. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were significantly associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and derived by Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were evaluated for association of all independent parameters with disease prognosis. RESULTS: Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models showed that the level of NLR (HR = 1.031, 95%CI: 1.002-1.060, P = 0.033), number of nodules (HR = 1.679, 95%CI: 1.285-2.194, P<0.001), @entity715 (HR = 4.329, 95%CI: 1.968-9.521, P<0.001), microvascular invasion (HR = 2.527, 95%CI: 1.726-3.700, P<0.001) and @entity93 score (HR = 1.675, 95%CI: 1.153-2.433, P = 0.007) were significant predictors of mortality. From the Kaplan-Meier analysis of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), each NLR quartile showed a progressively worse @entity1349 and apparent separation (log-rank P=0.008). The highest 5-year @entity1349 rate following CLR (60%) in @entity157 @entity1 was observed in quartile 1. In contrast, the lowest 5-year @entity1349 rate (27%) was obtained in quartile 4. CONCLUSIONS: Stratified NLR may predict significantly improved outcomes and strengthen the predictive power for @entity1 responses to therapeutic intervention.

title: Stratified neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio accurately predict mortality risk in XXXX @entity1 following curative liver resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict prognosis of @entity5 in several studies. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of stratified NLR in @entity1 who have received curative liver resection (CLR) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: A total of 1659 @entity1 who underwent CLR for suspected @entity157 between 2007 and 2014 were reviewed. The preoperative NLR was categorized into quartiles based on the quantity of the study population and the distribution of NLR. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were significantly associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and derived by Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were evaluated for association of all independent parameters with disease prognosis. RESULTS: Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models showed that the level of NLR (HR = 1.031, 95%CI: 1.002-1.060, P = 0.033), number of nodules (HR = 1.679, 95%CI: 1.285-2.194, P<0.001), @entity715 (HR = 4.329, 95%CI: 1.968-9.521, P<0.001), microvascular invasion (HR = 2.527, 95%CI: 1.726-3.700, P<0.001) and @entity93 score (HR = 1.675, 95%CI: 1.153-2.433, P = 0.007) were significant predictors of mortality. From the Kaplan-Meier analysis of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), each NLR quartile showed a progressively worse @entity1349 and apparent separation (log-rank P=0.008). The highest 5-year @entity1349 rate following CLR (60%) in @entity157 @entity1 was observed in quartile 1. In contrast, the lowest 5-year @entity1349 rate (27%) was obtained in quartile 4. CONCLUSIONS: Stratified NLR may predict significantly improved outcomes and strengthen the predictive power for @entity1 responses to therapeutic intervention.

title: Stratified neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio accurately predict mortality risk in @entity157 XXXX following curative liver resection.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The authors have encountered a case of compound @entity13668 in a 59 year-old- @entity1 complicated by occlusion of the anterior 1/3 part of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). He was hit by a hammer at the midline of the frontal region, and transferred to our emergency care unit. On admission, there was laceration of skin at the midline of the forehead, but the @entity1 had no @entity51 . Skull radiograph showed a @entity13668 over the SSS. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a small brain contusion adjacent to the @entity308 . Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed occlusion of the anterior 1/3 part of SSS, and extravasations of contrast medium from cortical arterioles and capillaries. CT taken at 4 hours after @entity130 of the lesion with extravasations of contrast medium and the @entity1 manifested consciousness disturbance at this point. Distribution of extravasations suggested the occurrence of @entity385 . Elevation of the depressed skull was thus performed under general anesthesia. There was laceration of the dura 5 mm away from the SSS and lacerations of cortical vessels, but there was no apparent damage to SSS itself. The depressed bone was replaced with artificial bone. The @entity1 was discharged without any @entity51 . Preoperative angiography was helpful to understand the hemodynamics and risk of @entity548 during the operation.

title: [ @entity385 complicated by obliteration of the superior sagittal sinus by XXXX after a hammer injury: a case report].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed fracture']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['depressed skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury showed enlargement']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity13668 :: (MESH:D020204,Disease) :: ['depressed skull fracture']


abstract: The authors have encountered a case of compound @entity13668 in a 59 year-old- @entity1 complicated by occlusion of the anterior 1/3 part of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). He was hit by a hammer at the midline of the frontal region, and transferred to our emergency care unit. On admission, there was laceration of skin at the midline of the forehead, but the @entity1 had no @entity51 . Skull radiograph showed a @entity13668 over the SSS. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a small brain contusion adjacent to the @entity308 . Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed occlusion of the anterior 1/3 part of SSS, and extravasations of contrast medium from cortical arterioles and capillaries. CT taken at 4 hours after @entity130 of the lesion with extravasations of contrast medium and the @entity1 manifested consciousness disturbance at this point. Distribution of extravasations suggested the occurrence of @entity385 . Elevation of the depressed skull was thus performed under general anesthesia. There was laceration of the dura 5 mm away from the SSS and lacerations of cortical vessels, but there was no apparent damage to SSS itself. The depressed bone was replaced with artificial bone. The @entity1 was discharged without any @entity51 . Preoperative angiography was helpful to understand the hemodynamics and risk of @entity548 during the operation.

title: [ XXXX complicated by obliteration of the superior sagittal sinus by @entity13668 after a hammer injury: a case report].

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic infarction']


abstract: AIM: To explore the mechanism by which gastric bypass surgery (GBS) @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by investigating whether @entity19183 (a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism) expression is altered in the liver and pancreatic islet cells in a @entity35 model of GBS-treated @entity6 . METHODS: @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups (n   =   10 @entity35 each): @entity6 @entity35 treated by GBS ( @entity3918   +   GBS), @entity6 @entity35 subjected to sham operation ( @entity3918   +   sham), normal control @entity35 (control), and @entity6 @entity35 without surgery ( @entity3918 ). Fasting levels of blood @entity413 (BG), insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity15212 ) were measured in all groups before and 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after operation. @entity35 were killed 24 weeks after surgery. Liver and pancreas expressions of @entity19183 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS: In the @entity3918   +   GBS group, fasting BG before and 24 weeks after surgery decreased from 20.2        2.1 to 7.7        1.1   mmol/L, respectively; fasting insulin showed no change (2.9        0.1 and 3.0        0.1   mU/L, respectively); and fasting @entity15212 increased from 8.7        0.9 to 23.5        0.2 pmol/L, respectively. Fasting BG levels after surgery in the @entity3918   +   GBS group were significantly lower than those in the @entity3918   +   sham and @entity3918 groups. @entity19183 expression levels in the liver and pancreatic islets of the @entity3918   +   GBS group were reduced compared to those in the @entity3918   +   sham and @entity3918 groups. @entity19183 in the pancreatic b-cells was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass may improve @entity6 by changing @entity19183 expression in the liver and pancreatic islet cells.

title: Effects of gastric bypass on @entity19183 expression in the liver and pancreas of XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: AIM: To explore the mechanism by which gastric bypass surgery (GBS) @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by investigating whether @entity19183 (a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism) expression is altered in the liver and pancreatic islet cells in a @entity35 model of GBS-treated @entity6 . METHODS: @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups (n   =   10 @entity35 each): @entity6 @entity35 treated by GBS ( @entity3918   +   GBS), @entity6 @entity35 subjected to sham operation ( @entity3918   +   sham), normal control @entity35 (control), and @entity6 @entity35 without surgery ( @entity3918 ). Fasting levels of blood @entity413 (BG), insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity15212 ) were measured in all groups before and 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after operation. @entity35 were killed 24 weeks after surgery. Liver and pancreas expressions of @entity19183 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS: In the @entity3918   +   GBS group, fasting BG before and 24 weeks after surgery decreased from 20.2        2.1 to 7.7        1.1   mmol/L, respectively; fasting insulin showed no change (2.9        0.1 and 3.0        0.1   mU/L, respectively); and fasting @entity15212 increased from 8.7        0.9 to 23.5        0.2 pmol/L, respectively. Fasting BG levels after surgery in the @entity3918   +   GBS group were significantly lower than those in the @entity3918   +   sham and @entity3918 groups. @entity19183 expression levels in the liver and pancreatic islets of the @entity3918   +   GBS group were reduced compared to those in the @entity3918   +   sham and @entity3918 groups. @entity19183 in the pancreatic b-cells was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass may improve @entity6 by changing @entity19183 expression in the liver and pancreatic islet cells.

title: Effects of gastric bypass on XXXX expression in the liver and pancreas of @entity6 @entity35 .

answer: @entity19183 :: (84482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['FoxO1']


abstract: AIM: To explore the mechanism by which gastric bypass surgery (GBS) @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by investigating whether @entity19183 (a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism) expression is altered in the liver and pancreatic islet cells in a @entity35 model of GBS-treated @entity6 . METHODS: @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups (n   =   10 @entity35 each): @entity6 @entity35 treated by GBS ( @entity3918   +   GBS), @entity6 @entity35 subjected to sham operation ( @entity3918   +   sham), normal control @entity35 (control), and @entity6 @entity35 without surgery ( @entity3918 ). Fasting levels of blood @entity413 (BG), insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity15212 ) were measured in all groups before and 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after operation. @entity35 were killed 24 weeks after surgery. Liver and pancreas expressions of @entity19183 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS: In the @entity3918   +   GBS group, fasting BG before and 24 weeks after surgery decreased from 20.2        2.1 to 7.7        1.1   mmol/L, respectively; fasting insulin showed no change (2.9        0.1 and 3.0        0.1   mU/L, respectively); and fasting @entity15212 increased from 8.7        0.9 to 23.5        0.2 pmol/L, respectively. Fasting BG levels after surgery in the @entity3918   +   GBS group were significantly lower than those in the @entity3918   +   sham and @entity3918 groups. @entity19183 expression levels in the liver and pancreatic islets of the @entity3918   +   GBS group were reduced compared to those in the @entity3918   +   sham and @entity3918 groups. @entity19183 in the pancreatic b-cells was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass may improve @entity6 by changing @entity19183 expression in the liver and pancreatic islet cells.

title: Effects of gastric bypass on @entity19183 expression in the liver and pancreas of @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association between @entity2998 and the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) was analyzed in the general population. The usefulness of the inclusion of the serum @entity1254 concentration in the @entity209 criteria for the detection of @entity731 was also examined. @entity1 AND METHODS: The 825 @entity1 of a comprehensive health checkup who underwent carotid ultrasonography and the measurement of serum @entity1254 levels were studied. RESULTS: The carotid @entity527 ( @entity527 ) was significantly higher in the @entity209 group than in the non- @entity209 group in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 . In @entity1 , a significantly higher odds ratios was obtained for @entity209 , in terms of the current waist circumference criterion, and a high @entity527 (fourth quartile) (OR=2.64, p=0.040). In @entity1 , however, a waist circumference of around 85 cm did not reflect high a @entity527 , and even when the waist circumference criterion was varied, the odds ratio did not increase. When the waist circumference was replaced by @entity17211 in the current @entity209 criteria, the odds ratio was significantly increased in @entity1 (OR=1.82, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The current @entity209 criteria seem appropriate for @entity1 . In @entity1 , there was no significant evidence for the validity of the inclusion of the waist circumference criterion as an essential component. Incorporating @entity17211 into the current criteria would be useful for the early detection of @entity731 in @entity1 .

title: Association between @entity209 and XXXX : relevance of combined criteria including the serum @entity1254 level for the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['PLS', 'plaque score']

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association between @entity2998 and the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) was analyzed in the general population. The usefulness of the inclusion of the serum @entity1254 concentration in the @entity209 criteria for the detection of @entity731 was also examined. @entity1 AND METHODS: The 825 @entity1 of a comprehensive health checkup who underwent carotid ultrasonography and the measurement of serum @entity1254 levels were studied. RESULTS: The carotid @entity527 ( @entity527 ) was significantly higher in the @entity209 group than in the non- @entity209 group in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 . In @entity1 , a significantly higher odds ratios was obtained for @entity209 , in terms of the current waist circumference criterion, and a high @entity527 (fourth quartile) (OR=2.64, p=0.040). In @entity1 , however, a waist circumference of around 85 cm did not reflect high a @entity527 , and even when the waist circumference criterion was varied, the odds ratio did not increase. When the waist circumference was replaced by @entity17211 in the current @entity209 criteria, the odds ratio was significantly increased in @entity1 (OR=1.82, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The current @entity209 criteria seem appropriate for @entity1 . In @entity1 , there was no significant evidence for the validity of the inclusion of the waist circumference criterion as an essential component. Incorporating @entity17211 into the current criteria would be useful for the early detection of @entity731 in @entity1 .

title: Association between @entity209 and @entity2998 : relevance of combined criteria including the serum XXXX level for the general population.

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association between @entity2998 and the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) was analyzed in the general population. The usefulness of the inclusion of the serum @entity1254 concentration in the @entity209 criteria for the detection of @entity731 was also examined. @entity1 AND METHODS: The 825 @entity1 of a comprehensive health checkup who underwent carotid ultrasonography and the measurement of serum @entity1254 levels were studied. RESULTS: The carotid @entity527 ( @entity527 ) was significantly higher in the @entity209 group than in the non- @entity209 group in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 . In @entity1 , a significantly higher odds ratios was obtained for @entity209 , in terms of the current waist circumference criterion, and a high @entity527 (fourth quartile) (OR=2.64, p=0.040). In @entity1 , however, a waist circumference of around 85 cm did not reflect high a @entity527 , and even when the waist circumference criterion was varied, the odds ratio did not increase. When the waist circumference was replaced by @entity17211 in the current @entity209 criteria, the odds ratio was significantly increased in @entity1 (OR=1.82, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The current @entity209 criteria seem appropriate for @entity1 . In @entity1 , there was no significant evidence for the validity of the inclusion of the waist circumference criterion as an essential component. Incorporating @entity17211 into the current criteria would be useful for the early detection of @entity731 in @entity1 .

title: Association between XXXX and @entity2998 : relevance of combined criteria including the serum @entity1254 level for the general population.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade has no more efficiency to decrease cardiovascular mortality than mono-blockade. Our goal was to explore differences between other cardiovascular markers in @entity1 with RAS blockade. METHODS: We analyzed two groups of @entity1 treated with a long-term @entity1289 inhibitor (MONO-group, n = 20) and an @entity1289 inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (DUAL-group, n = 15). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, arterial stiffness and levels of @entity2922 , endogenous @entity7832 (EO), pro-brain natriuretic peptide and more types of urinary albumin measurements were performed. RESULTS: In the DUAL-group, we found significantly better cardiac parameters, but the levels of EO and urinary albumins were similar in both groups. The level of EO correlates with nighttime mean arterial blood pressure (R = 0.556, p = 0.032) and arterial b-stiffness (R = 0.512, p = 0.042). Urinary immuno-unreactive albumin showed a relationship with @entity67 of the heart (R = -0.508, p = 0.045) diurnal index of diastolic blood pressure (R = -0.569, p = 0.021) in the MONO-group. CONCLUSION: Cardiac parameters were more prosperous in the DUAL-group, but the levels of EO did not differ between groups. The level of EO correlated with blood pressure and arterial stiffness markers in the MONO-group only. The urinary immuno-unreactive albumin may be a new marker of cardiovascular conditions.

title: Effects of mono- and dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system on markers of cardiovascular status in hypertensive XXXX with mild and moderate renal failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effectiveness of adjunctive cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) to prevent recurrence of episodes in euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 . METHODS: A randomized controlled single-blind trial was conducted with 50 @entity1 with @entity162 types I and II followed up for at least 12 months in an outpatient service and whose disease was in remission. An experimental CBGT manual was developed and added to treatment as usual (TAU), and results were compared with @entity5624 alone. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that there was no difference between groups in terms of time until any relapse (Wilcoxon = 0.667; p = 0.414). When considering type of relapse, there was still no difference in either @entity308 (Wilcoxon = 3.328; p = 0.068) or @entity162 episodes (Wilcoxon = 1.498; p = 0.221). Although occurrence of episodes also did not differ between groups (  (2) = 0.28; p = 0.59), median time to relapse was longer for @entity1 treated with CBGT compared to TAU (Mann-Whitney = -2.554; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Time to recurrence and number of episodes were not different in the group of @entity1 treated with CBGT. However, median time to relapse was shorter in the TAU group. Studies with larger samples may help to clarify whether our CBGT approach prevents new episodes of @entity162 . Our findings also indicated that CBGT is feasible in euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 and should be investigated in future studies. To our knowledge, this is the first publication of a controlled trial of CBGT for euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral group therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Primary @entity628 ( @entity628 ) is a disease with poor prognosis and high unmet therapeutic need. Here, we evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single-dose infusions of fresolimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inactivates all forms of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), in a phase I open-label, dose-ranging study. @entity1 with biopsy-confirmed, treatment-resistant, primary @entity628 with a minimum estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25    ml/min per 1.73    m(2), and a urine protein to @entity1011 ratio over 1.8    mg/mg were eligible. All 16 @entity1 completed the study in which each received one of four single-dose levels of fresolimumab (up to 4    mg/kg) and was followed for 112 days. Fresolimumab was well tolerated with pustular rash the only adverse event in two @entity1 . One @entity1 was diagnosed with a histologically confirmed primitive @entity4969 2 years after fresolimumab treatment. Consistent with treatment-resistant @entity628 , there was a slight decline in eGFR (median decline baseline to final of 5.85   ml/min per 1.73    m(2)). @entity644 fluctuated during the study with the median decline from baseline to final in urine protein to @entity1011 ratio of 1.2    mg/mg with all three Black @entity1 having a mean decline of 3.6    mg/mg. The half-life of fresolimumab was    14 days, and the mean dose-normalized Cmax and area under the curve were independent of dose. Thus, single-dose fresolimumab was well tolerated in @entity1 with primary resistant @entity628 . Additional evaluation in a larger dose-ranging study is necessary.

title: A phase 1, single-dose study of fresolimumab, an anti- @entity2533 antibody, in treatment-resistant primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: Primary @entity628 ( @entity628 ) is a disease with poor prognosis and high unmet therapeutic need. Here, we evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single-dose infusions of fresolimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inactivates all forms of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), in a phase I open-label, dose-ranging study. @entity1 with biopsy-confirmed, treatment-resistant, primary @entity628 with a minimum estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25    ml/min per 1.73    m(2), and a urine protein to @entity1011 ratio over 1.8    mg/mg were eligible. All 16 @entity1 completed the study in which each received one of four single-dose levels of fresolimumab (up to 4    mg/kg) and was followed for 112 days. Fresolimumab was well tolerated with pustular rash the only adverse event in two @entity1 . One @entity1 was diagnosed with a histologically confirmed primitive @entity4969 2 years after fresolimumab treatment. Consistent with treatment-resistant @entity628 , there was a slight decline in eGFR (median decline baseline to final of 5.85   ml/min per 1.73    m(2)). @entity644 fluctuated during the study with the median decline from baseline to final in urine protein to @entity1011 ratio of 1.2    mg/mg with all three Black @entity1 having a mean decline of 3.6    mg/mg. The half-life of fresolimumab was    14 days, and the mean dose-normalized Cmax and area under the curve were independent of dose. Thus, single-dose fresolimumab was well tolerated in @entity1 with primary resistant @entity628 . Additional evaluation in a larger dose-ranging study is necessary.

title: A phase 1, single-dose study of fresolimumab, an anti- XXXX antibody, in treatment-resistant primary @entity628 .

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of microsurgical treatment for @entity438 (ANs) have been highly satisfying for decades, notoriously posing a challenge for interventional neuroradiologists. Following the International @entity510 Trial (ISAT) study results, most centres across Europe and the USA switched to a "coil first" policy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and critically review the substantiation of this change. METHODS: The authors conducted a single-institution retrospective study of MCA @entity1278 treatment between January 2000 and December 2013 maintaining a "clip first" policy. The results are supplied with a literature review. RESULTS: A total of 315 MCA ANs were treated in 288 consecutive @entity1 (209 females, 79 males). Microsurgical treatment was performed for 238 @entity1278 @entity1 (116 ruptured, 122 unruptured) and 77 @entity1278 @entity1 (46 ruptured, 31 unruptured) who underwent a coiling procedure. Treatment-related morbidity and mortality (MM) for unruptured ANs was 2.8 % in the microsurgical group and 10.3 % in the endovascular group. The percentage of @entity1 with no/minor permanent @entity51 after @entity510 in a good initial clinical state (HH 1-2) was 93 % in the microsurgical and 76 % in the endovascular group. A literature review identified 21 studies concerning MCA @entity1278 treatment with a specified decision-making algorithm. Microsurgery seemed superior to endovascular management regarding both clinical and radiological outcomes, although several aspects of the analysed reports might appear questionable. CONCLUSION: Although this study has its inherent limitations, the effect brought about by microsurgical clipping of MCA ANs remains superior to that of endovascular embolisation and it should be sustained as the first treatment choice. The decision about the treatment strategy should be made by a multi-disciplinary team consisting of specialists from both teams, bearing in mind the higher occlusion rate and longevity of the surgical treatment.

title: "Clip first" policy in management of XXXX : Single-centre experience with a systematic review of literature.

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'Subarachnoid Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial MCA aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic @entity32 is associated with @entity73 in healthy adults as well as in @entity1 with @entity358 . The mechanism for this association is unknown and it is unclear if systemic @entity32 leads to @entity73 or if poor lung function leads to @entity32 . We explored the temporal associations between blood @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity2002 , and white blood cells, and lung function in young adults. METHODS: Spirometry, plethysmography, and diffusion capacity were measured in a population-based cohort at ages 32 and 38 years. High-sensitivity @entity1851 , @entity2002 , and white blood cells were measured at the same ages. RESULTS: Higher levels of @entity1851 and, to a lesser extent, @entity2002 were associated with lower lung volumes in cross-sectional analyses at both ages 32 and 38 years. Higher @entity1851 and @entity2002 at age 32 were associated with higher FEV1 and FEV1/FVC at age 38, but not other measures of lung function. Lower lung volumes (total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, and residual volume) but not airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC) at age 32 were associated with higher @entity1851 at age 38. Associations between age 32 lung function and @entity2002 at follow-up were weaker, but consistent. There were no longitudinal associations between white blood cells and lung function. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that systemic @entity32 causes a decline in lung function. However, lower lung volumes were associated with higher @entity1851 and @entity2002 at follow-up indicating that pulmonary restriction may be a risk factor for systemic @entity32 . The mechanism for this association remains unclear.

title: Systemic XXXX and lung function: A longitudinal analysis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired lung function']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO) is associated with side effects, e.g., blood cell consumption and activation. Our group has earlier shown that @entity842 administered as a gas reduces platelet consumption and activation. In the present work we have studied the effect of the NO-donor @entity12557 GSNO) on platelets and leukocytes in an in vitro extracorporeal circuit. Two complete ECMO circuits were perfused with fresh heparinized @entity1 blood for 24 hours. GSNO was administered as a continuous infusion to one circuit at a rate of 0.7 mg/hour in four paired experiments and at a rate of 3.5 mg/hour in another four paired experiments. The other circuit was used as a control. Blood samples were withdrawn from both circuits before the start of the experiments and at 0.5, 1, 3, 12, and 24 hours of perfusion. The samples were analyzed for red blood cell count, leukocyte count, platelet count, platelet membrane expression of glycoproteins GP) Ib and @entity1427 /IIIa, leukocyte membrane expression of cluster of differentiation CD) 11b/ @entity42836 , as well as plasma concentration of @entity5 necrosis factor TNF)-alpha, interleukin IL)-1beta, and @entity687 . No difference in these parameters between the GSNO and the control circuit at any time point was assayed. In this study, no significant effect of @entity12558 on circulating platelets or leukocytes during experimental extracorporeal circulation could be shown.

title: The effect of XXXX on platelet and leukocyte function during experimental extracorporeal circulation.

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-glutathione']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity12557 :: (MESH:D026422,Chemical) :: ['s-nitroso-glutathione']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: ICD-10 acute and transient @entity914 (ATPD; F23) has one of its historical roots in the French concept of bouff  e d  lirante. This study explores the empirical relationship of the two concepts. METHOD: During a 5-year period, all inpatients with ATPD were identified; the diagnosis of bouff  e d  lirante was also determined. We systematically evaluated demographic and clinical features and carried out follow-up investigations at an average of 2.2 years after the index episode using standardized instruments. RESULTS: Forty-two (4.1%) of 1036 @entity1 treated for @entity914 or major affective episode fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria of ATPD. Of these, only 28.6% also fulfilled the criteria of bouff  e d  lirante. @entity1 with bouff  e d  lirante were significantly younger than the remaining ATPD @entity1 . Outcome parameters were generally more favourable for @entity1 diagnosed with bouff  e d  lirante than for ATPD @entity1 without a concurrent diagnosis of bouff  e d  lirante, but the difference was statistically significant only for occupational status. CONCLUSIONS: There are indications that a diagnosis of bouff  e d  lirante carries a somewhat better prognosis than ATPD in general. However, the low frequency of operationally diagnosed bouff  e d  lirante suggests that the criteria might be too narrow.

title: Bouff  e d  lirante and ICD-10 acute and transient XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychoses']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Biopsies of @entity1049 are often reported as showing @entity1141 , though in reality some lesions may harbour invasive @entity5 . AIM: To assess the risk of underlying invasive @entity5 in sessile @entity1127 where biopsies had shown severe @entity1141 and also to attempt to define a management strategy in such @entity1 . METHODS: Between 1997 and 2001, 30 @entity1 were diagnosed as having severe @entity1141 using Morson's criteria in @entity1049 not amenable for endoscopic polypectomy. Severely @entity75 were completely excised by appropriate surgical measures. RESULTS: Out of 30 @entity1 , 15 had @entity3 . Surgical intervention involved anterior resections, endoanal excisions, sigmoid colectomies, or abdomino-perineal excisions as deemed appropriate. The lesions ranged in size from 0.5 cm to 13 cm (mean 3.4 cm). There were nine T1 lesions (one of which was T1N1) and two each of T2, T3, T4 lesions (10 Dukes' A, 3 Dukes' B, 2 Dukes' C). Complete resection was confirmed histologically in all cases. One @entity1 had a leak following endoanal excision, which required intervention. There was no mortality. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that endoscopic sampling can be misleading and severely @entity75 should be managed along the same principles as followed for @entity3 , rather than adopting a 'wait and watch' policy with repeated endoscopies, biopsies or piece-meal polypectomies.

title: Severe XXXX in the colon - how aggressive should we be?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic sessile lesions', 'dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancers']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['dysplastic lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A second staged operation using @entity346 ( @entity346 ) has been widely used in @entity1 with periarticular complex @entity174 , yet few papers have been published on the related complications. The purpose of this study was to report the complication rate and pitfalls directly related to @entity346 through a retrospective study and to suggest some solutions. METHODS: Fifty-nine cases that were treated by using @entity346 were studied among 195 periarticular complex @entity174 . We retrospectively collected the clinical and radiological data and then the study data was evaluated for 1) cases with unsatisfactory restoration of length, 2) cases with @entity281 caused by half pins invading the zone of definitive fixation, and 3) @entity531 related to half pins. RESULTS: Complications were observed in 7/59 cases (11%). Problems related to the achievement of length were observed in one case of @entity174 and 2 cases of @entity174 . Half pin related infection was observed in 2 cases of @entity174 . @entity531 (medial @entity128 in a @entity174 ) was observed in 2 cases. Among 7 complications, four were related to using @entity346 in @entity174 . This is because the abundant leg muscles have strong deforming force and infection might be increased due to frequent irritation by the half pins. CONCLUSIONS: @entity346 is a simple procedure with several advantages. However, complications might be observed if certain principles are not followed. It is thought that many complications due to @entity346 can be reduced if the half pins are not inserted in the zone of injury, restoration of length is fully achieved and the neurovascular characteristics are carefully considered. In particular, much more caution is needed in the distal femur, which has abundant muscles surrounding it.

title: Complication rate and pitfalls of temporary bridging external fixator in periarticular communited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal tibia fracture', 'distal femur fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular injuries', 'Neurovascular injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['temporary bridging external fixation', 'TBEF']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The @entity11469 ( @entity157 ) is distinguished from other @entity157 ( @entity157 ) by its unique clinical and pathologic features. Cytological features for this @entity5 on fine needle aspiration (FNA) of @entity5 have been described earlier. We present here a unique case of metastatic @entity157 diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of mediastinal adenopathy. A 32-year-old @entity1 with a history of oral contraceptive use presented with @entity390 and severe @entity490 but no ascites or stigmata of @entity82 . She had a past history of resection of a @entity409 . Serial computed tomography scans revealed @entity3329 and the @entity1 was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). A transesophageal EUS-FNA was performed and tissue was collected for cytological evaluation by an on-site pathologist with no knowledge of prior history. Based on morphology correlated with prior history received later, a final diagnosis of metastatic @entity157 in the retrocardiac lymph node was rendered on the EUS-FNA samples. There are very few reports in the literature where a diagnosis of @entity157 is rendered at unusual sites. This case highlights that EUS-FNA is a relatively non-invasive, rapid, accurate and effective modality in obtaining tissue from otherwise hard-to-reach areas. It also suggests that metastasis of @entity157 can be observed in mediastinal nodes and that diagnosis based on cytological features can be rendered even when the @entity5 is identified at unusual locations.

title: Diagnosis of metastatic XXXX by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity11469 :: ('MESH:C537258', 'Disease') :: ['fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinomas', 'FL-HCC']

answer: @entity11469 :: (MESH:C537258,Disease) :: ['fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: A total of 261 regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies were carried out on 34 medication-free @entity1 with chronic @entity161 and 50 normal subjects. rCBF, an indicator of local cortical metabolism and activity, was measured during the resting state and also during four cognitive activation tasks or "cortical stress tests." The latter included the Wisconsin Card Sort (WCS), a test of prefrontal lobe function; a simple numbers matching task, and two versions of a visual Continuous Performance Task (CPT). Multivariate comparisons of the two subject groups were performed for each of the five testing conditions, and discriminant function analyses for each condition were carried out to define mathematical models that differentiated normal subjects from medication-free @entity1 . The best such model was determined and was then applied to another group of @entity1 who had diagnoses other than @entity161 or for whom the diagnosis was unclear. This group included two @entity1 with clinical " @entity75 " and radiological evidence of @entity75 . The most robust differences between the groups were seen in frontal rCBF during the WCS. In the discriminant function analysis, rCBF during the WCS was the best discriminator between the two groups, retrospectively classifying 85% of the subjects correctly. rCBF during the resting state and one of the CPTs correctly classified subjects at a rate only marginally better than chance. When the model derived from WCS rCBF was applied to a second group of @entity1 , the two @entity1 with @entity75 were classified as " @entity161 " with 100% certainty. Three other @entity1 with @entity716 were also assigned to this group with greater than 80% certainty, whereas a @entity1 with @entity74 (rule-out @entity1316 ) was classified as "normal" with a high level of confidence. These data suggest (1) that @entity161 is characterized by a deficit in prefrontal function that is revealed when regionally specific demand exceeds the physiological capacity, and (2) that functional brain imaging studies, such as rCBF, can best identify @entity75 during "cortical stress tests."

title: Cortical "stress tests" in XXXX : regional cerebral blood flow studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities', 'frontal lobe syndrome', 'frontal lobe damage', 'known frontal lobe disease']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['character disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illnesses']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Several studies demonstrated that face perception is biased by the prior presentation of another face, a phenomenon termed as face-related after-effect ( @entity53262 ). @entity53262 is linked to a neural signal-reduction at occipito-temporal areas and it can be observed in the amplitude modulation of the early event-related potential (ERP) components. Recently, macaque single-cell recording studies suggested that manipulating the duration of the adaptor makes the selective adaptation of different visual motion processing steps possible. To date, however, only a few studies tested the effects of adaptor duration on the electrophysiological correlates of @entity1 face processing directly. The goal of the current study was to test the effect of adaptor duration on the image-, identity-, and generic category-specific face processing steps. To this end, in a two-alternative forced choice familiarity decision task we used five adaptor durations (ranging from 200-5000 ms) and four adaptor categories: adaptor and test were identical @entity1155 ( @entity1155 ); adaptor and test were different images of the Same Identity (SameID); adaptor and test images depicted @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ); the adaptor was a Fourier phase-randomized image (No). Behaviorally, a strong priming effect was observed in both accuracy and response times for @entity1155 compared with both @entity5748 and No. The electrophysiological results suggest that rapid adaptation leads to a category-specific modulation of P100, N170, and N250. In addition, both identity and image-specific processes affected the N250 component during rapid adaptation. On the other hand, prolonged (5000 ms) adaptation enhanced, and extended category-specific adaptation processes over all tested ERP components. Additionally, prolonged adaptation led to the emergence of image-, and identity-specific modulations on the N170 and P2 components as well. In other words, there was a clear dissociation among category, identity-, and image-specific processing steps in the case of longer (3500 and 5000 ms) but not for shorter durations (< 3500 ms), reflected in the gradual reduction of N170 and enhancement of P2 in the No, @entity5748 , SameID, and @entity1155 conditions. Our findings imply that by manipulating adaptation duration one can dissociate the various steps of @entity1 face processing, reflected in the ERP response.

title: Adaptation Duration Dissociates Category-, Image-, and XXXX -Specific Processes on Face-Evoked Event-Related Potentials.

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['DiffID', 'Different Identities']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'images-Repetition Suppression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Person']


abstract: The precise interpretation of environmental @entity599 isotope records requires a quantitative understanding of the biochemical controls on @entity599 isotope fractionation by the principle isotope-fractionating process within the S cycle, microbial @entity597 reduction (MSR). Here we provide the only direct observation of the major ( @entity15373 / @entity42910 ) and minor ( @entity15372 / @entity42910 , @entity72566 / @entity42910 ) @entity599 isotope fractionations imparted by a central enzyme in the energy metabolism of @entity597 reducers, dissimilatory @entity9735 reductase (DsrAB). Results from in vitro @entity9735 reduction experiments allow us to calculate the in vitro DsrAB isotope effect in @entity15373 / @entity42910 (hereafter, [Formula: see text]) to be 15.3    2   , 2  . The accompanying minor isotope effect in @entity15372 , described as [Formula: see text], is calculated to be 0.5150    0.0012, 2  . These observations facilitate a rigorous evaluation of the isotopic fractionation associated with the dissimilatory MSR pathway, as well as of the environmental variables that govern the overall magnitude of fractionation by natural communities of @entity597 reducers. The isotope effect induced by DsrAB upon @entity9735 reduction is a factor of 0.3-0.6 times prior indirect estimates, which have ranged from 25 to 53    in (34)  DsrAB. The minor isotope fractionation observed from DsrAB is consistent with a kinetic or equilibrium effect. Our in vitro constraints on the magnitude of [Formula: see text] is similar to the median value of experimental observations compiled from all known published work, where (34)   r-p = 16.1    (r-p indicates reactant vs. product, n = 648). This value closely matches those of MSR operating at high @entity597 reduction rates in both laboratory chemostat experiments ([Formula: see text] 17.3    1.5   , 2  ) and in modern marine sediments ([Formula: see text] 17.3    3.8   ). Targeting the direct isotopic consequences of a specific enzymatic processes is a fundamental step toward a biochemical foundation for reinterpreting the biogeochemical and geobiological @entity599 isotope records in modern and ancient environments.

title: XXXX Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory @entity9735 Reductase.

entities_list: @entity9735 :: ('CHEBI:48854', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfite']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['Sulfur']


abstract: The precise interpretation of environmental @entity599 isotope records requires a quantitative understanding of the biochemical controls on @entity599 isotope fractionation by the principle isotope-fractionating process within the S cycle, microbial @entity597 reduction (MSR). Here we provide the only direct observation of the major ( @entity15373 / @entity42910 ) and minor ( @entity15372 / @entity42910 , @entity72566 / @entity42910 ) @entity599 isotope fractionations imparted by a central enzyme in the energy metabolism of @entity597 reducers, dissimilatory @entity9735 reductase (DsrAB). Results from in vitro @entity9735 reduction experiments allow us to calculate the in vitro DsrAB isotope effect in @entity15373 / @entity42910 (hereafter, [Formula: see text]) to be 15.3    2   , 2  . The accompanying minor isotope effect in @entity15372 , described as [Formula: see text], is calculated to be 0.5150    0.0012, 2  . These observations facilitate a rigorous evaluation of the isotopic fractionation associated with the dissimilatory MSR pathway, as well as of the environmental variables that govern the overall magnitude of fractionation by natural communities of @entity597 reducers. The isotope effect induced by DsrAB upon @entity9735 reduction is a factor of 0.3-0.6 times prior indirect estimates, which have ranged from 25 to 53    in (34)  DsrAB. The minor isotope fractionation observed from DsrAB is consistent with a kinetic or equilibrium effect. Our in vitro constraints on the magnitude of [Formula: see text] is similar to the median value of experimental observations compiled from all known published work, where (34)   r-p = 16.1    (r-p indicates reactant vs. product, n = 648). This value closely matches those of MSR operating at high @entity597 reduction rates in both laboratory chemostat experiments ([Formula: see text] 17.3    1.5   , 2  ) and in modern marine sediments ([Formula: see text] 17.3    3.8   ). Targeting the direct isotopic consequences of a specific enzymatic processes is a fundamental step toward a biochemical foundation for reinterpreting the biogeochemical and geobiological @entity599 isotope records in modern and ancient environments.

title: @entity599 Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory XXXX Reductase.

answer: @entity9735 :: (CHEBI:48854,Chemical) :: ['Sulfite']