abstract: @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) show @entity73 and production of language, and also @entity73 in perceiving auditory cues to rhythm [amplitude rise time (ART) and sound duration] and in tapping to a rhythmic beat. Here we explore potential links between language development and rhythm perception in 45 @entity1 with @entity22294 and 50 age-matched controls. We administered three rhythmic tasks, a musical beat detection task, a tapping-to-music task, and a novel music/speech task, which varied rhythm and pitch cues independently or together in both speech and music. Via low-pass filtering, the music sounded as though it was played from a low-quality radio and the speech sounded as though it was muffled (heard "behind the door"). We report data for all of the @entity22294 @entity1 (N = 45, IQ varying), as well as for two independent subgroupings with intact IQ. One subgroup, "Pure @entity22294 ," had intact phonology and reading (N = 16), the other, " @entity22294 PPR" (N = 15), had impaired phonology and reading. When IQ varied (all @entity22294 @entity1 ), we found significant group differences in all the rhythmic tasks. For the Pure @entity22294 group, there were @entity73 in the tapping task only. For @entity1 with @entity22294 and poor phonology ( @entity22294 PPR), group differences were found in all of the filtered speech/music AXB tasks. We conclude that difficulties with rhythmic cues in both speech and music are present in @entity1 with @entity10870 , but that some rhythmic measures are more sensitive than others. The data are interpreted within a "prosodic phrasing" hypothesis, and we discuss the potential utility of rhythmic and musical interventions in remediating speech and language difficulties in @entity1 .

title: Awareness of Rhythm Patterns in Speech and Music in XXXX with Specific @entity73 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants is an important factor in the practical application of microspore culture technology because breeding programs require a large number of genetically stable, homozygous doubled haploid plants with a high level of fertility. In the present paper, 29 populations of microspore-derived plantlets from cabbage ( @entity5598 . capitata) and broccoli ( @entity5598 . italica) were used to study the ploidy level and spontaneous chromosome doubling of these populations, the artificial chromosome doubling induced by @entity3812 , and the influence of tissue culture duration on the chromosomal ploidy of the microspore-derived regenerants. Spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred randomly and was genotype dependent. In the plant populations derived from microspores, there were haploids, diploids, and even a low frequency of polyploids and mixed-ploidy plantlets. The total spontaneous doubling in the 14 cabbage populations ranged from 0 to 76.9%, compared with 52.2 to 100% in the 15 broccoli populations. To improve the rate of chromosome doubling, an efficient and reliable artificial chromosome doubling protocol (i.e., the immersion of haploid plantlet roots in a @entity3812 solution) was developed for cabbage and broccoli microspore-derived haploids. The optimal chromosome doubling of the haploids was obtained with a solution of 0.2% @entity3812 for 9-12 h or 0.4% @entity3812 for 3-9 h for cabbage and 0.05% @entity3812 for 6-12 h for broccoli. This protocol produced chromosome doubling in over 50% of the haploid genotypes for most of the populations derived from cabbage and broccoli. Notably, after 1 or more years in tissue culture, the chromosomes of the haploids were doubled, and most of the haploids turned into doubled haploid or mixed-ploidy plants. This is the first report indicating that tissue culture duration can change the chromosomal ploidy of microspore-derived regenerants.

title: Chromosome Doubling of Microspore-Derived Plants from Cabbage ( XXXX . capitata L.) and Broccoli ( @entity5598 . italica L.).

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['Brassica oleracea var']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity5598 :: (3712,Species) :: ['Brassica oleracea var']


abstract: Chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants is an important factor in the practical application of microspore culture technology because breeding programs require a large number of genetically stable, homozygous doubled haploid plants with a high level of fertility. In the present paper, 29 populations of microspore-derived plantlets from cabbage ( @entity5598 . capitata) and broccoli ( @entity5598 . italica) were used to study the ploidy level and spontaneous chromosome doubling of these populations, the artificial chromosome doubling induced by @entity3812 , and the influence of tissue culture duration on the chromosomal ploidy of the microspore-derived regenerants. Spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred randomly and was genotype dependent. In the plant populations derived from microspores, there were haploids, diploids, and even a low frequency of polyploids and mixed-ploidy plantlets. The total spontaneous doubling in the 14 cabbage populations ranged from 0 to 76.9%, compared with 52.2 to 100% in the 15 broccoli populations. To improve the rate of chromosome doubling, an efficient and reliable artificial chromosome doubling protocol (i.e., the immersion of haploid plantlet roots in a @entity3812 solution) was developed for cabbage and broccoli microspore-derived haploids. The optimal chromosome doubling of the haploids was obtained with a solution of 0.2% @entity3812 for 9-12 h or 0.4% @entity3812 for 3-9 h for cabbage and 0.05% @entity3812 for 6-12 h for broccoli. This protocol produced chromosome doubling in over 50% of the haploid genotypes for most of the populations derived from cabbage and broccoli. Notably, after 1 or more years in tissue culture, the chromosomes of the haploids were doubled, and most of the haploids turned into doubled haploid or mixed-ploidy plants. This is the first report indicating that tissue culture duration can change the chromosomal ploidy of microspore-derived regenerants.

title: Chromosome Doubling of Microspore-Derived Plants from Cabbage ( @entity5598 . capitata L.) and Broccoli ( XXXX . italica L.).

answer: @entity5598 :: (3712,Species) :: ['Brassica oleracea var']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Vitrectomy can be performed to release the anteroposterior and tangential vitreoretinal tractions that sometimes create @entity1103 . The present study evaluates the efficacy of this treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 19 operated eyes in 15 @entity1 with @entity6 over 17 months. The group's mean age was 61.4 years. There were 11 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , with 13 cases of noninsulinodependent and two cases of insulinodependent @entity6 . A vitrectomy was done by the same surgeon to detach posterior hyaloidal and inner limiting membranes. Two groups were defined and compared, one including @entity1 whose visual acuity had improved and the other, @entity1 with no improvement. We used Student's t test and Leven's test from SPSS. RESULTS: Improvement in visual acuity was observed in 57.8% of the eyes studied, stabilization was achieved in 26.3%, and regression was noted in 15.7%. @entity1103 resolved in 68.42% of eyes. Furthermore, inner limiting membrane colored by @entity3194 was removed. An angiographic improvement was noted in 68.42% of eyes. There was no significant difference between the two groups allowing a definition of success criteria. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy for @entity1103 is currently under study and seems effective given its encouraging results.

title: [ XXXX and vitrectomy. Preliminary results: about 19 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cystoid macular edema', 'Cystoid macular edema', 'diabetic macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic cystoid macular edema']


abstract: @entity447 is a @entity74 that lead to decreased factor VIII activity, occurs mainly in males. Decreased factor VIII activity leads to increased risk of @entity548 events. During neonatal period, diagnosis is made after @entity6751 @entity548 complication or unexpected @entity548 after medical procedures. @entity548 during neonatal period is a rare, severe @entity548 with high mortality and usually related to traumatic labor or @entity3459 . @entity548 result from @entity548 . We present a neonate with unremarkable family history and uneventful pregnancy with a vaginal delivery with no instrumentation, presenting with severe @entity548 at 52 hours of life. @entity146 support measures were implemented and @entity548 managed. The unexpected @entity548 lead to a coagulation study and the diagnosis of severe @entity447 . There were no known sequelae. This case shows a rare @entity447 presentation reflecting the importance of coagulation studies when faced with unexplained severe @entity548 .

title: Neonatal XXXX : A Rare Presentation.

entities_list: @entity6751 :: ('MESH:D050032', 'Disease') :: ['post-partum']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial bleeding', 'Subgaleal hemorrhage complications', 'massive bleeding', 'bleeding', 'subgaleal bleeding', 'Subgaleal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A', 'Hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked hereditary condition']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Hemophilia']


abstract: Complete, accurate and timely discharge summaries (TTOs) enable effective communication between hospital teams and GPs. It can prevent adverse events and reduce hospital readmission rates (1). If the discharge summary does not contain important information (e.g. follow-up arrangements, accurate discharge medication list), or if follow-up arrangements are not made, then @entity1 care and outcome can be adversely affected (2,3). An electronic Medication Input Wizard was developed to improve the quality and reduce the error rates of TTOs. The Wizard makes entering drug information faster; prompts for reasons medication changes; provides examples for @entity734 ( @entity734 ) prescribing; and prompts to refer @entity1 taking @entity1229 to anticoagulation clinic. An on-line guide was developed which explains how to arrange investigations and appointments. Retrospective studies of TTOs were carried out before and after these interventions, analysing documentation of medication and completion of intended follow-up arrangements. A baseline audit found 65% of medication changes on TTOs were not clearly documented, and only 8% with changes documented reasons. 40% of prescriptions for CDs were incorrect delaying discharge by 4.9 hours per @entity1 . 80% of intended follow-ups actually happened. After intervention, TTOs written using the Wizard had 100% of medication changes documented, and 75% were documented with reasons. @entity734 errors decreased to 28% (76% of errors were done without using the Wizard). Follow-up arrangements that occurred increased to 86%. A survey showed 78% of Doctors reported the Wizard was faster than typing the details in separate textboxes, and 94% believed it was beneficial. Systems should be optimised to encourage better documentation of medication details and reduce prescribing errors. Guides that explain how to make follow-up arrangements should be accessible to Doctors, to make sure follow-ups are organised correctly.

title: Improving XXXX discharge process using electronic medication input tool and on-line guide to arranging follow-ups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Controlled Drug']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We compared the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic surgery with those of laparotomy in second-look operations for @entity43 . We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 35 @entity1 treated between January 2000 and December 2005. They were categorized into two groups: Laparoscopy versus laparotomy group. Among 35 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 (51.4%) were treated with laparoscopy, and 17 @entity1 (48.6%) were treated with laparotomy. There were no statistically significant differences except for hospital stay (laparoscopy vs. laparotomy five days vs. nine days, p < 0.05). Eight @entity1 (44.4%) in the laparoscopy group and six (35.3%) in the laparotomy group were found to be pathologically positive after the second look operation. There were two recurrences (20.0%) in the laparoscopy group and four (36.4%) in the laparotomy group pathologically negative in the second-look operation (p = 0.557). There were no differences in disease-free survival rates (p = 0.705) between the two groups. The second look operation is an ideal method for histologic comfirmation of recurrent or persistent @entity43 . Laparoscopic surgery seems a safe and accurate method for the second-look examination, and can also reduce @entity1 discomfort, hospital stay and morbidity associated with laparotomy.

title: Laparoscopic second look operation for XXXX : single center experiences.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Connexins are the protein constituents of gap junctions which mediate intercellular communication in most tissues. In arterioles gap junctions appear to be important for conduction of vasomotor responses along the vessel. Studies of the expression pattern of connexin isoforms in the microcirculation are sparse. We investigated the expression of the three major vascular connexins in mesenteric arterioles (diameter <50 micro m) from male @entity35 , since conducted vasomotor responses have been described in these vessels. The findings were compared with those obtained from upstream small resistance arteries. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used on whole mounts of mesenteric arterioles and on frozen sections of resistance arteries (diameter approximately 300 micro m). Mesenteric arterioles expressed @entity26794 and @entity10277 in the endothelial layer, and @entity53001 was found in most but not all vessels. Connexins were not demonstrated in the media. In resistance arteries endothelial cells expressed @entity53001 , @entity26794 and @entity10277 . Ultrastructural studies of mesenteric arterioles confirmed that gap junction plaques between endothelial cells are present, whereas myoendothelial, or smooth muscle cell gap junctions could not be demonstrated. The findings suggest that smooth muscle cells in mesenteric arterioles may not be well coupled and favour that conducted vasomotor responses in these vessels are propagated through the endothelial cell layer.

title: Expression of XXXX , 40 and 43 in @entity35 mesenteric arterioles and resistance arteries.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity53001 :: (25655(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['connexin 37']


abstract: Connexins are the protein constituents of gap junctions which mediate intercellular communication in most tissues. In arterioles gap junctions appear to be important for conduction of vasomotor responses along the vessel. Studies of the expression pattern of connexin isoforms in the microcirculation are sparse. We investigated the expression of the three major vascular connexins in mesenteric arterioles (diameter <50 micro m) from male @entity35 , since conducted vasomotor responses have been described in these vessels. The findings were compared with those obtained from upstream small resistance arteries. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used on whole mounts of mesenteric arterioles and on frozen sections of resistance arteries (diameter approximately 300 micro m). Mesenteric arterioles expressed @entity26794 and @entity10277 in the endothelial layer, and @entity53001 was found in most but not all vessels. Connexins were not demonstrated in the media. In resistance arteries endothelial cells expressed @entity53001 , @entity26794 and @entity10277 . Ultrastructural studies of mesenteric arterioles confirmed that gap junction plaques between endothelial cells are present, whereas myoendothelial, or smooth muscle cell gap junctions could not be demonstrated. The findings suggest that smooth muscle cells in mesenteric arterioles may not be well coupled and favour that conducted vasomotor responses in these vessels are propagated through the endothelial cell layer.

title: Expression of @entity53001 , 40 and 43 in XXXX mesenteric arterioles and resistance arteries.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The specific aim of our study was neither prognosis nor long-term evaluation but focus on determining incidence of @entity14931 ( @entity14931 ) in a large population of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) on the coastline of Croatia (Dalmatia) within a certain range. We compared our data with those published previously in the literature. METHODS: Our study was focused on determining incidence of @entity14931 occurrence in @entity1 with @entity309 in Dalmatia, Croatia by comparing these figures with data reported elsewhere and evaluating its importance in the process of diagnosing @entity309 . The duration of the study was 10 years (1991-2001). There were 421 @entity1 (344 @entity1 and 77 @entity1 ) with confirmed @entity309 diagnosis. Median follow-up time was 2 years (range: 1.4-3.5 years). RESULTS: Existence of @entity14931 was established by clinical examination in 109 of 421 @entity1 ; incidence density was 17.3%. @entity14931 occurred somewhat more frequently in @entity1 (32%) as compared to @entity1 (24%) without statistically significant difference. In 38% of @entity1 , @entity14931 occurred simultaneously in several sites, more frequently in @entity1 (64%) than in @entity1 (30%) (odds ratio [OR] 2.13, p <0.05). Correlation of seropositivity and @entity14931 appearance was very high: positive in 84% of @entity1 with nodules as compared to 58% of @entity1 without nodules (OR 1.45, p <0.05) with no statistically significant differences between sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained warrant the conclusion that @entity14931 incidence in our @entity1 from Dalmatia is comparable with results of earlier Croatian studies as well as with Western European figures and Caucasian population data reported on other continents. @entity14931 incidence differs significantly for Asian and Arabian populations, i.e., is less frequent, and for the U.S. population, where it is more frequent.

title: Incidence of XXXX in Dalmatia: similarities and differences among populations.

entities_list: @entity14931 :: ('MESH:D012218', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid nodules', 'RN']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity14931 :: (MESH:D012218,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid nodule']


abstract: In prenatal life the fetus can be exposed to more incentires which affect the mother. In case of both active and passive smoking by pregnant @entity1 many pernicious substances contained in @entity286 smoke can influence the foetus. The components of @entity286 smoke can contribute to various antenatal complications. The aim of present work was to assess if the data given by the @entity1 in anonymous questionnaire go along with the real exposure to components of smoke assessed on the basis of concentration of @entity1239 metabolite- @entity4874 in mother's serum and next to assess the risk of development of gestational @entity101 and hypotrophy. The biological material was extracted with means of liquid-liquid technique and next we performed laboratory determinations with means of liquid chro- matography with sectrophotometric detection, in which @entity8403 is used as inner sample. The study was carried out on 106 @entity1 in perinatal period who give birth from single, full term pregnancy. On the basis of questionnaire data considering the concentration of @entity4874 , the @entity1 were divided into three groups: I group--active smokers (n = 27), II group--passive smokers (n = 32), III group--not exposed to @entity286 smoke (n = 41). The average concentration of @entity4874 in blood serum in the first group was 129.6 ng/ml, second group--5.1 ng/ ml, but in all @entity1 from the control group the concentration of @entity4874 was below the detection level. Gestational @entity101 was diagnosed in 17 @entity1 (16%) and hypotrophy of the foetus was diagnosed in 15 @entity1 (14%). @entity286 smoking didn't influence the development of gestational @entity101 and hypotrophy showered it is more often observed in @entity1 exposed to components of @entity286 smoke during pregnancy.

title: [Effects of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on the development of gestational XXXX and fetal hypotrophy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8403 :: ('MESH:D010665', 'Chemical') :: ['norephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo studies of anesthetics have demonstrated serious @entity2359 effects on the developing brain. However, the clinical relevance of these findings to @entity1 undergoing anesthesia remains unclear. Using data from a sibling birth cohort, we assessed the association between exposure to anesthesia in the setting of surgery in @entity1 younger than 3 years and the risk of developmental and @entity146 . METHODS: We constructed a retrospective cohort of 10,450 siblings who were born between 1999 and 2005 and who were enrolled in the New York State Medicaid program. The exposed group was 304 @entity1 without a history of developmental or @entity146 who underwent surgery when they were younger than 3 years. The unexposed group was 10,146 @entity1 who did not receive any surgical procedures when they were younger than 3 years. Exposed @entity1 were entered into analysis at the date of surgery. Unexposed @entity1 were entered into analysis at age 10 months (the mean age at which exposed @entity1 underwent surgery). Both exposed and unexposed @entity1 were followed until diagnosis with a developmental or @entity146 , loss to follow-up, or the end of 2005. The association of exposure to anesthesia with subsequent developmental and @entity146 was assessed with both proportional hazards modeling, and pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of developmental and @entity146 was 128.2 diagnoses per 1000 @entity1 -years for the exposed cohort and 56.3 diagnoses per 1000 @entity1 -years for the unexposed cohort. With adjustment for sex and history of birth-related medical complications, and clustering by sibling status, the estimated hazard ratio of developmental or @entity146 associated with any exposure to anesthesia when they were younger than 3 years was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 1.8). The risk increased from 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.4) for 1 operation to 2.9 (94% CI: 2.5, 3.1) for 2 operations and 4.0 (95% CI: 3.5, 4.5) for >= 3 operations. The relative risk in a matched analysis of 138 sibling pairs was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.4). CONCLUSION: The risk of being subsequently diagnosed with developmental and @entity146 in @entity1 who were enrolled in a state Medicaid program and who had surgery when they were younger than 3 years was 60% greater than that of a similar group of siblings who did not undergo surgery. More tightly matched pairwise analyses indicate that the extent to which the excess risk is causally attributable to anesthesia or mediated by unmeasured factors remains to be determined.

title: Early childhood exposure to anesthesia and risk of developmental and XXXX in a sibling birth cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorder', 'behavioral disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral disorders']


abstract: @entity8201 target the @entity12364 biosynthetic enzyme @entity18749 14alpha-demethylase and are a widely applied class of antifungal agents because of their broad therapeutic window, wide spectrum of activity, and low @entity137 . Unfortunately, @entity8201 are generally fungistatic and resistance to @entity2380 is emerging in several fungal pathogens. We recently established that the protein phosphatase calcineurin allows survival of @entity5132 during the membrane stress exerted by @entity8201 . The calcineurin inhibitors @entity205 (CsA) and @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) are dramatically synergistic with @entity8201 , resulting in potent fungicidal activity, and mutant strains lacking calcineurin are markedly hypersensitive to @entity8201 . Here we establish that drugs targeting other enzymes in the @entity12364 biosynthetic pathway (terbinafine and @entity56025 ) also exhibit dramatic synergistic antifungal activity against wild-type @entity5132 when used in conjunction with CsA and @entity1140 . Similarly, @entity5132 mutant strains lacking calcineurin B are markedly hypersensitive to terbinafine and @entity56025 . The @entity1140 binding protein FKBP12 is required for @entity1140 synergism with @entity12364 biosynthesis inhibitors, and a calcineurin mutation that confers @entity1140 resistance abolishes drug synergism. Additionally, we provide evidence of drug synergy between the nonimmunosuppressive @entity1140 analog @entity72646 and @entity56025 or @entity8974 against wild-type @entity5132 . These drug combinations also exert synergistic effects against two other Candida species, @entity7408 and C. krusei, which are known for intrinsic or rapidly acquired resistance to @entity8201 . These studies demonstrate that the activity of non- @entity5638 antifungal agents that target @entity12364 biosynthesis can be enhanced by inhibition of the calcineurin signaling pathway, extending their spectrum of action and providing an alternative approach by which to overcome antifungal drug resistance.

title: XXXX biosynthesis inhibitors become fungicidal when combined with calcineurin inhibitors against @entity5132 , @entity7408 , and Candida krusei.

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity18749 :: ('MESH:D007810', 'Chemical') :: ['lanosterol']

entities_list: @entity56025 :: ('MESH:C050435', 'Chemical') :: ['fenpropimorph']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity8201 :: ('MESH:D001393', 'Chemical') :: ['azoles', 'Azoles']

answer: @entity12364 :: (MESH:D004875,Chemical) :: ['Ergosterol']


abstract: @entity8201 target the @entity12364 biosynthetic enzyme @entity18749 14alpha-demethylase and are a widely applied class of antifungal agents because of their broad therapeutic window, wide spectrum of activity, and low @entity137 . Unfortunately, @entity8201 are generally fungistatic and resistance to @entity2380 is emerging in several fungal pathogens. We recently established that the protein phosphatase calcineurin allows survival of @entity5132 during the membrane stress exerted by @entity8201 . The calcineurin inhibitors @entity205 (CsA) and @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) are dramatically synergistic with @entity8201 , resulting in potent fungicidal activity, and mutant strains lacking calcineurin are markedly hypersensitive to @entity8201 . Here we establish that drugs targeting other enzymes in the @entity12364 biosynthetic pathway (terbinafine and @entity56025 ) also exhibit dramatic synergistic antifungal activity against wild-type @entity5132 when used in conjunction with CsA and @entity1140 . Similarly, @entity5132 mutant strains lacking calcineurin B are markedly hypersensitive to terbinafine and @entity56025 . The @entity1140 binding protein FKBP12 is required for @entity1140 synergism with @entity12364 biosynthesis inhibitors, and a calcineurin mutation that confers @entity1140 resistance abolishes drug synergism. Additionally, we provide evidence of drug synergy between the nonimmunosuppressive @entity1140 analog @entity72646 and @entity56025 or @entity8974 against wild-type @entity5132 . These drug combinations also exert synergistic effects against two other Candida species, @entity7408 and C. krusei, which are known for intrinsic or rapidly acquired resistance to @entity8201 . These studies demonstrate that the activity of non- @entity5638 antifungal agents that target @entity12364 biosynthesis can be enhanced by inhibition of the calcineurin signaling pathway, extending their spectrum of action and providing an alternative approach by which to overcome antifungal drug resistance.

title: @entity12364 biosynthesis inhibitors become fungicidal when combined with calcineurin inhibitors against XXXX , @entity7408 , and Candida krusei.

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: @entity8201 target the @entity12364 biosynthetic enzyme @entity18749 14alpha-demethylase and are a widely applied class of antifungal agents because of their broad therapeutic window, wide spectrum of activity, and low @entity137 . Unfortunately, @entity8201 are generally fungistatic and resistance to @entity2380 is emerging in several fungal pathogens. We recently established that the protein phosphatase calcineurin allows survival of @entity5132 during the membrane stress exerted by @entity8201 . The calcineurin inhibitors @entity205 (CsA) and @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) are dramatically synergistic with @entity8201 , resulting in potent fungicidal activity, and mutant strains lacking calcineurin are markedly hypersensitive to @entity8201 . Here we establish that drugs targeting other enzymes in the @entity12364 biosynthetic pathway (terbinafine and @entity56025 ) also exhibit dramatic synergistic antifungal activity against wild-type @entity5132 when used in conjunction with CsA and @entity1140 . Similarly, @entity5132 mutant strains lacking calcineurin B are markedly hypersensitive to terbinafine and @entity56025 . The @entity1140 binding protein FKBP12 is required for @entity1140 synergism with @entity12364 biosynthesis inhibitors, and a calcineurin mutation that confers @entity1140 resistance abolishes drug synergism. Additionally, we provide evidence of drug synergy between the nonimmunosuppressive @entity1140 analog @entity72646 and @entity56025 or @entity8974 against wild-type @entity5132 . These drug combinations also exert synergistic effects against two other Candida species, @entity7408 and C. krusei, which are known for intrinsic or rapidly acquired resistance to @entity8201 . These studies demonstrate that the activity of non- @entity5638 antifungal agents that target @entity12364 biosynthesis can be enhanced by inhibition of the calcineurin signaling pathway, extending their spectrum of action and providing an alternative approach by which to overcome antifungal drug resistance.

title: @entity12364 biosynthesis inhibitors become fungicidal when combined with calcineurin inhibitors against @entity5132 , XXXX , and Candida krusei.

answer: @entity7408 :: (5478,Species) :: ['Candida glabrata']


abstract: In ruminants, interferon produced by the trophectoderm ( @entity32589 ) is recognized as the embryonic signal responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy. @entity32589 is believed to act by down-regulating @entity172 receptors, thus preventing appearance of @entity398 receptors responsible for the release of @entity3774 (PGF(2alpha)) by the endometrium. The present study was undertaken to determine in vitro the biological activities of different @entity32589 isoforms and document putative alternate luteotrophic mechanisms. Endometrial cells in primary cultures were treated with five different rIFN-tau isoforms: two ovine isoforms (ro-4 and @entity72647 ) and three @entity291 isoforms (rb-1a, rb-2b and rb-3b). Their effect was quantified by measurement of @entity1421 and PGF(2alpha) production by ELISA and induction of cyclooxygenase ( @entity17440 ) by Western and Northern analysis and correlated with antiviral activity previously reported. The overall pattern of response to the IFNs tested suggests that low concentrations (<1 microg/ml) reduced the production of both PGs and higher concentrations (>1 microg/ml) stimulated preferentially @entity1421 ; however, exceptions were noted. Isoform rb-2b with high antiviral activity inhibited PG production in both cell types at all concentrations tested. IFNs rb-1a and @entity72647 had similar antiviral activities, inhibiting PG at low concentrations and stimulating them at high concentrations. Isoform rb-3b stands out relative to the other IFNs tested because it induced a variable non-dose-dependent effect on PG production and low antiviral activity. An increase in @entity17440 protein expression and messenger was correlated with increased PG production. The results showing two distinct responses to @entity32589 depending on its concentration and/or isoform and the absence of correlation with antiviral activity suggest that complex transduction mechanisms are involved.

title: Influence of different isoforms of recombinant trophoblastic interferons on prostaglandin production in cultured XXXX endometrial cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) produce various cytokines. Also, there is a growing opinion that a large proportion of the useful effects of cell therapy may be attributable to the secretion of cytokines. Several reports suggested beneficial effects of hASCs on skin. These include antioxidant activity, accelerated wound healing, whitening effects, and antiaging. We investigated the effect of hASCs on skin Wnt signaling, which is associated with skin regeneration and differentiation. METHODS: Pieces of @entity1 skin were cocultured with hASCs, and 2 chambered transwell culture plates were used to prevent direct contact between hASCs and skin. In the control group, pieces of skin were cultured without hASCs. @entity18142 , @entity18609 , @entity10467 , @entity7763 , and @entity5741 mRNA expressions were quantitatively assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of @entity3546 were compared using Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: The @entity18142 and @entity7763 mRNA expression of cultured skin was positively influenced by the presence of hASCs in culture medium (P<0.05). The total @entity3546 protein level in hASC-cocultured skin was higher than that of the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the @entity3546 -stained area of dermis was larger in the hASC-cocultured group than in the control group, and most of the positively stained cells in the dermis were fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study showed that hASCs promoted canonical Wnt signaling in organotypic skin culture through paracrine effects, and the increased Wnt signaling was mainly due to dermal fibroblasts.

title: Influence of XXXX adipose-derived stromal cells on Wnt signaling in organotypic skin culture.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the postoperative @entity5 incidence on routine histopathologic examination of surgical specimens in @entity1 who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with the preoperative diagnosis of unilateral or @entity1412 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with the preoperative diagnosis of unilateral or @entity1412 between 2000 and 2009 were included in the study as the 2 separate groups. In both groups, @entity5 incidence that had been noticed on routine postoperative histopathologic examination was recorded retrospectively. @entity1 who had a preoperative diagnosis other than @entity1412 , determined on biopsy, were excluded. RESULTS: Of 251 @entity1 included, 197 had the preoperative diagnosis of @entity1412 , and 54 had @entity1412 . No @entity5 was diagnosed on postoperative histopathologic examinations in @entity1 with preoperative @entity1412 . Seven @entity1 (12.96%) with the preoperative diagnosis of @entity1412 had @entity5 on postoperative histopathologic examinations. Two of these 7 @entity1 had @entity5 that were reported preoperatively by intranasal biopsy as @entity1127 . CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of a @entity5 is an extremely rare situation, unless there are special findings of @entity5 in @entity1 with preoperative diagnosis of @entity1412 . On the other hand, histopathologic examinations should be carried out in every case operated with preoperative diagnosis of @entity1412 , as the @entity5 incidence is higher.

title: Unexpected XXXX incidence in surgically removed unilateral and bilateral nasal polyps.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral nasal polyposis', 'nasal polyposis', 'bilateral nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory polyps']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: In 2010 a population-based cohort study showed that there was decreased efficacy of the @entity0 drug @entity440 when used in combination with @entity905 , a commonly used SSRI antidepressant. The aim of this project was to identify @entity1 who may be affected by this co-prescription and suggest a change in medication. The project was conducted across two GP practices in Clevedon (The Riverside Practice _ The Green Practice), Bristol. The @entity1 were all from the active @entity1 register at each surgery. A search was conducted to find all those on @entity440 and @entity905 , using the EMIS computer system. These @entity1 would then be sent a letter to attend clinic. The new data would then be discussed with them before recommending a change of antidepressant (typically to @entity3756 ). Three @entity1 were found to be on both medications. They were all called into clinic and changed from @entity905 to @entity3756 . Furthermore a presentation was given to all GPs at the two surgeries alerting them to the new guidelines. A message was also set up to flash on the computer system whenever an attempt was made to co-prescribe the two drugs. All the @entity1 on @entity440 in these two practices are now receiving the optimum treatment. Furthermore interventions have been put in place to ensure that this remains the case in future. Another data collection should be conducted in one year. This project provides a good example of how this problem could be resolved at other GP surgeries.

title: Preventing the co-prescription of XXXX and @entity905 in General Practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: In 2010 a population-based cohort study showed that there was decreased efficacy of the @entity0 drug @entity440 when used in combination with @entity905 , a commonly used SSRI antidepressant. The aim of this project was to identify @entity1 who may be affected by this co-prescription and suggest a change in medication. The project was conducted across two GP practices in Clevedon (The Riverside Practice _ The Green Practice), Bristol. The @entity1 were all from the active @entity1 register at each surgery. A search was conducted to find all those on @entity440 and @entity905 , using the EMIS computer system. These @entity1 would then be sent a letter to attend clinic. The new data would then be discussed with them before recommending a change of antidepressant (typically to @entity3756 ). Three @entity1 were found to be on both medications. They were all called into clinic and changed from @entity905 to @entity3756 . Furthermore a presentation was given to all GPs at the two surgeries alerting them to the new guidelines. A message was also set up to flash on the computer system whenever an attempt was made to co-prescribe the two drugs. All the @entity1 on @entity440 in these two practices are now receiving the optimum treatment. Furthermore interventions have been put in place to ensure that this remains the case in future. Another data collection should be conducted in one year. This project provides a good example of how this problem could be resolved at other GP surgeries.

title: Preventing the co-prescription of @entity440 and XXXX in General Practice.

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well known that conventional surgery leads to detrimental immune and catabolic responses, thus there is growing interest in the effect of minimally invasive techniques on postoperative endocrine and immune function. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the @entity2124 (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity442 )/ @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) @entity2270 and acute phase ( @entity650 , @entity650 , and @entity1851 , @entity1851 ) responses in @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Twenty-nine @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ; age: 58+8 years) with a history of uncomplicated symptomatic @entity2963 participated in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 24 hrs and 48 hrs after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Serum concentrations of @entity2124 , @entity442 , @entity2301 , and @entity650 were determined by standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while @entity1851 was measured by nephelometry. ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to evaluate changes in serum measurements. RESULTS: The laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a significant postoperative increase in circulating levels of @entity650 (p=0.031), which is the main cytokine responsible for inducing the acute @entity32 response, and of the acute phase protein @entity1851 (p=0.005). A significant increase in @entity2124 levels at 24 hrs (p=0.034) and decrease of @entity442 on both postoperative days were also found (p=0.045, 0.044), while no changes were documented in @entity2301 levels. Significant correlations were revealed between postoperative levels of the acute phase proteins and growth @entity2270 hormones (p<0.05 - 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy induces acute phase endocrine and immune responses. These changes may represent a state of systemic @entity32 and @entity2124 resistance, compatible with possible cytokine-induced anti-anabolic or catabolic effects even after this minimally invasive cholecystectomy.

title: The growth endocrine XXXX and @entity32 responses after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'IGF binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well known that conventional surgery leads to detrimental immune and catabolic responses, thus there is growing interest in the effect of minimally invasive techniques on postoperative endocrine and immune function. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the @entity2124 (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity442 )/ @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) @entity2270 and acute phase ( @entity650 , @entity650 , and @entity1851 , @entity1851 ) responses in @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Twenty-nine @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ; age: 58+8 years) with a history of uncomplicated symptomatic @entity2963 participated in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 24 hrs and 48 hrs after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Serum concentrations of @entity2124 , @entity442 , @entity2301 , and @entity650 were determined by standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while @entity1851 was measured by nephelometry. ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to evaluate changes in serum measurements. RESULTS: The laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a significant postoperative increase in circulating levels of @entity650 (p=0.031), which is the main cytokine responsible for inducing the acute @entity32 response, and of the acute phase protein @entity1851 (p=0.005). A significant increase in @entity2124 levels at 24 hrs (p=0.034) and decrease of @entity442 on both postoperative days were also found (p=0.045, 0.044), while no changes were documented in @entity2301 levels. Significant correlations were revealed between postoperative levels of the acute phase proteins and growth @entity2270 hormones (p<0.05 - 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy induces acute phase endocrine and immune responses. These changes may represent a state of systemic @entity32 and @entity2124 resistance, compatible with possible cytokine-induced anti-anabolic or catabolic effects even after this minimally invasive cholecystectomy.

title: The growth endocrine @entity2270 and XXXX responses after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical efficacy of topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) 0.04% for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3169 . Clinical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in lesion size and degree of pigmentation and histologic study. METHODS: Two @entity1 , one with primary acquired @entity3169 with atypia and another with @entity320 , were treated with topical @entity1139 0.04%. Before treatment, a biopsy was performed that confirmed the diagnosis and the absence of atypical melanocytes beyond the basal layer. In both @entity1 , @entity1139 was administered with sponges, while one @entity1 additionally received @entity1139 0.04% drops. Each treatment cycle lasted 14 days, with repetition after 3 months when necessary. Follow-up was weekly, then monthly, and then every 6 months up to 3 years. RESULTS: Treatment with topical @entity1139 0.04% not only reduced the size and degree of pigmentation clinical lesions in both @entity1 but also eradicated atypical conjunctival melanocytes as observed in histologic studies. In the @entity1 with primary acquired @entity3169 , adjunct cryotherapy was required, along with various cycles of @entity1139 , to reduce the pigmented areas of skin of the internal canthus and caruncle. In the second case, only @entity1139 was used. No severe adverse reactions to the treatment were observed. After 3 years of follow-up, no clinical relapse has been detected. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity1139 0.04% is an option worth considering for the treatment of @entity3169 , particularly as an adjunct to other forms of treatment.

title: Topical XXXX in the treatment of @entity3169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival melanosis', 'pigmented conjunctival lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical efficacy of topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) 0.04% for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3169 . Clinical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in lesion size and degree of pigmentation and histologic study. METHODS: Two @entity1 , one with primary acquired @entity3169 with atypia and another with @entity320 , were treated with topical @entity1139 0.04%. Before treatment, a biopsy was performed that confirmed the diagnosis and the absence of atypical melanocytes beyond the basal layer. In both @entity1 , @entity1139 was administered with sponges, while one @entity1 additionally received @entity1139 0.04% drops. Each treatment cycle lasted 14 days, with repetition after 3 months when necessary. Follow-up was weekly, then monthly, and then every 6 months up to 3 years. RESULTS: Treatment with topical @entity1139 0.04% not only reduced the size and degree of pigmentation clinical lesions in both @entity1 but also eradicated atypical conjunctival melanocytes as observed in histologic studies. In the @entity1 with primary acquired @entity3169 , adjunct cryotherapy was required, along with various cycles of @entity1139 , to reduce the pigmented areas of skin of the internal canthus and caruncle. In the second case, only @entity1139 was used. No severe adverse reactions to the treatment were observed. After 3 years of follow-up, no clinical relapse has been detected. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity1139 0.04% is an option worth considering for the treatment of @entity3169 , particularly as an adjunct to other forms of treatment.

title: Topical @entity1138 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3169 :: (MESH:D003229,Disease) :: ['pigmented conjunctival lesions']


abstract: This study investigated the dynamics associated with prolonged ensiling and aerobic deterioration of whole crop @entity4336 (WCC) silages and total mixed ration (TMR) silages containing WCC (C-TMR silages) to clarify the differences that account for the enhanced aerobic stability of TMR silages. Laboratory-scale barrel silos were randomly opened after 7, 14, 28, and 56 d of ensiling and were subjected to analyses of fermentation quality, microbial and temperature dynamics during aerobic exposure. WCC and C-TMR silages were both well preserved and microorganisms were inhibited with prolonged ensiling, including @entity880 bacteria. @entity375 were inhibited to below the detection limit of 500 cfu/g fresh matter within 28 d of ensiling. Aerobic stability of both silages was enhanced with prolonged ensiling, whereas C-TMR silages were more aerobically stable than WCC silages for the same ensiling period. Besides the high moisture content, the weak aerobic stability of WCC silage is likely attributable to the higher @entity880 content and @entity375 count, which result from the high water-soluble @entity3363 content in WCC. After silo opening, @entity375 were the first to propagate and the increase in @entity375 levels is greater than that of other microorganisms in silages before deterioration. Besides, increased levels of aerobic bacteria were also detected before heating of WCC silages. The temperature dynamics also indicated that @entity375 are closely associated with the onset of the aerobic deterioration of C-TMR silage, whereas for WCC silages, besides @entity375 , aerobic bacteria also function in the aerobic deterioration. Therefore, the inclusion of WCC might contribute to the survival of @entity375 during ensiling but not influence the role of @entity375 in deterioration of C-TMR silages.

title: Dynamics Associated with Prolonged Ensiling and Aerobic Deterioration of Total Mixed Ration Silage Containing Whole Crop XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['Corn']


abstract: @entity5806 refers to nails that exhibit surface roughness, raggedness, and peeling. It is a common problem, with a higher prevalence among elderly @entity1 . The goal of this study was to determine if @entity555 cream 0.1% ameliorates the signs and symptoms of brittle nails. In this open-label, single-center trial, @entity1 applied @entity555 cream to the nails twice daily for 24 weeks. Signs and symptoms were rated by the investigators and by the @entity1 during treatment and 12 weeks after discontinuation. Twenty @entity1 were enrolled in the study; 1 @entity1 withdrew prior to the 4-week followup visit. Of the 18 @entity1 available for analysis (1 @entity1 was excluded because baseline photographs were not available) for the primary end point of improvement in the physician global improvement assessment (PGIA), all 18 @entity1 achieved improvement of the target nails at week 12 as well as 16 @entity1 (88.9%) at week 24. All 18 @entity1 had improvement in the PGIA score 12 weeks posttreatment at week 36. The physician global assessment (PGA) improved for 14 of 19 @entity1 (73.7%) at both weeks 12 and 24; at week 24, 4 of 19 @entity1 had achieved a @entity6987 score of none. At week 36, 17 of 19 @entity1 (89.5%) agreed that their nails had improved overall. Only 1 @entity1 (5.3%) reported mild local irritation. This study demonstrated that @entity555 improves some of the changes noted in conjunction with @entity5806 with minimal to no irritation.

title: Efficacy and safety study of XXXX cream 0.1% for the treatment of @entity5806 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['Brittle nail syndrome', 'brittle nail syndrome']

entities_list: @entity555 :: ('MESH:C086827', 'Chemical') :: ['tazarotene']

answer: @entity555 :: (MESH:C086827,Chemical) :: ['tazarotene']


abstract: @entity5806 refers to nails that exhibit surface roughness, raggedness, and peeling. It is a common problem, with a higher prevalence among elderly @entity1 . The goal of this study was to determine if @entity555 cream 0.1% ameliorates the signs and symptoms of brittle nails. In this open-label, single-center trial, @entity1 applied @entity555 cream to the nails twice daily for 24 weeks. Signs and symptoms were rated by the investigators and by the @entity1 during treatment and 12 weeks after discontinuation. Twenty @entity1 were enrolled in the study; 1 @entity1 withdrew prior to the 4-week followup visit. Of the 18 @entity1 available for analysis (1 @entity1 was excluded because baseline photographs were not available) for the primary end point of improvement in the physician global improvement assessment (PGIA), all 18 @entity1 achieved improvement of the target nails at week 12 as well as 16 @entity1 (88.9%) at week 24. All 18 @entity1 had improvement in the PGIA score 12 weeks posttreatment at week 36. The physician global assessment (PGA) improved for 14 of 19 @entity1 (73.7%) at both weeks 12 and 24; at week 24, 4 of 19 @entity1 had achieved a @entity6987 score of none. At week 36, 17 of 19 @entity1 (89.5%) agreed that their nails had improved overall. Only 1 @entity1 (5.3%) reported mild local irritation. This study demonstrated that @entity555 improves some of the changes noted in conjunction with @entity5806 with minimal to no irritation.

title: Efficacy and safety study of @entity555 cream 0.1% for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5806 :: (MESH:D009260,Disease) :: ['brittle nail syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Changing socio-economic gradients in adult health over time have been documented, but little research has investigated temporal changes in @entity1 health gradients. Childhood hospitalizations for injury have fallen over the last two decades; whether the socio-economic gradient in childhood injury has changed is unknown. METHODS: Population-based hospital discharge data were used to calculate rates of hospitalization for injury from 1986/87 through 2005/06 for all @entity1 under 20 years of age in Manitoba (average yearly number of hospitalizations = 326,357). Information on @entity159 ( @entity159 ) came from area-level census data and was assigned by residential postal codes. Generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations were employed to describe the relation between @entity159 and injury rates and whether this relation changed over time. All-cause @entity130 were examined as well as @entity130 for motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), other @entity130 , self-inflicted @entity130 , assault, @entity4968 , @entity130 caused by machinery, @entity2587 and falls. RESULTS: Injury hospitalizations for @entity1 decreased steadily over the study period, from 1.07% to 0.51%. @entity159 significantly predicted @entity130 (p < 0.0001), @entity1 with lower @entity159 showing higher rates. A significant @entity159 by year interaction (p < 0.0001) indicated that the @entity159 gradient for @entity130 increased over time. Analysis by @entity130 found a significant @entity159 by year interaction for MVCs, self-inflicted @entity130 and falls; for MVCs and self-inflicted @entity130 the pattern (increasing @entity159 gradient) was similar to that of hospitalization for all-cause injury. The pattern for falls was inconsistent. CONCLUSION: Despite the overall drop in @entity130 over time, the @entity159 gradient in hospitalized injury rates has increased.

title: Socio-economic inequities in XXXX 's injury rates: has the gradient changed over time?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socio-economic status']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vehicle injuries', 'injuries', 'injury hospitalizations', 'type of injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 suffering from different @entity792 (14 from @entity1252 , 4 from @entity309 , one from Sj  gren's syndrome, one from systemic @entity7255 , and one from @entity631 ) were treated with a combined immuno-suppressive regimen. @entity205 was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day together with @entity230 . In addition, the @entity309 @entity1 also received @entity1499 . In all @entity1 a kidney biopsy was performed after a treatment period of 17 to 42 months (mean duration 21.7 months). The cumulative @entity205 dose at the time of biopsy varied from 1.071 to 4.587 mg/kg. @entity1 suffering from @entity1252 and @entity309 were assessed according to a scoring system set up for this purpose. The combined therapy proved useful in these @entity1 as reflected in the diminution of the respective activity scores, improvement of kidney function, and diminution of @entity644 . Histological examination of the kidney biopsy specimens showed only minimal activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 . No unequivocal signs of @entity8 could be detected. In the last group, the condition of the @entity1 with Sj  gren's syndrome was stabilized and the @entity1 with systemic @entity1333 improved clinically. Neither @entity1 had signs of @entity8 . The @entity1 with @entity631 , in whom kidney biopsy was performed before and after treatment, showed improvement of kidney function, diminution of @entity644 , and diminution of inflammatory activity within the kidney, and no signs of @entity205 @entity137 .

title: Combined steroid- XXXX treatment of chronic @entity792 . Clinical results and assessment of nephrotoxicity by renal biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity', 'kidney lesions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin', 'cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 suffering from different @entity792 (14 from @entity1252 , 4 from @entity309 , one from Sj  gren's syndrome, one from systemic @entity7255 , and one from @entity631 ) were treated with a combined immuno-suppressive regimen. @entity205 was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day together with @entity230 . In addition, the @entity309 @entity1 also received @entity1499 . In all @entity1 a kidney biopsy was performed after a treatment period of 17 to 42 months (mean duration 21.7 months). The cumulative @entity205 dose at the time of biopsy varied from 1.071 to 4.587 mg/kg. @entity1 suffering from @entity1252 and @entity309 were assessed according to a scoring system set up for this purpose. The combined therapy proved useful in these @entity1 as reflected in the diminution of the respective activity scores, improvement of kidney function, and diminution of @entity644 . Histological examination of the kidney biopsy specimens showed only minimal activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 . No unequivocal signs of @entity8 could be detected. In the last group, the condition of the @entity1 with Sj  gren's syndrome was stabilized and the @entity1 with systemic @entity1333 improved clinically. Neither @entity1 had signs of @entity8 . The @entity1 with @entity631 , in whom kidney biopsy was performed before and after treatment, showed improvement of kidney function, diminution of @entity644 , and diminution of inflammatory activity within the kidney, and no signs of @entity205 @entity137 .

title: Combined steroid- @entity205 treatment of chronic XXXX . Clinical results and assessment of nephrotoxicity by renal biopsy.

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of circulating @entity5 cells in the blood during surgery has not been elucidated in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). We evaluated the relationship between circulating @entity5 cells and clinicopathologic findings, compared with that of serum @entity957 ( @entity957 ) antigen and @entity787 ( @entity787 ), in @entity1721 . METHODS: Blood samples from 54 consecutive @entity1 were obtained from the peripheral artery and the superior vena cava at three points in time: immediately before surgery, and before and after @entity5 resection. @entity787 -specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which can quantify circulating @entity5 cells in blood, was performed. The preoperative values of serum @entity957 antigen and @entity787 were also obtained for all @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity787 messenger RNA ( @entity787 mRNA) was detected in the blood of 31 out of 54 @entity1 (57.4%). @entity787 mRNA positivity was detected most frequently after @entity5 resection and correlated with nodal status and stage grouping. The incidence of total recurrence and blood-borne recurrence was significantly greater in @entity1 with @entity787 mRNA positivity than in those with @entity787 mRNA negativity (P =.036 and.0026, respectively). Preoperative serum levels of @entity957 antigen and @entity787 did not correlate with clinicopathologic findings and @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity787 mRNA detected by RT-PCR was more predictive of @entity5 recurrence than serum @entity5 markers. Effective adjuvant therapy is recommended for @entity1 with @entity787 mRNA positive expression.

title: Clinical significance of circulating @entity5 cells in blood by molecular detection and XXXX markers in esophageal cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of circulating @entity5 cells in the blood during surgery has not been elucidated in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). We evaluated the relationship between circulating @entity5 cells and clinicopathologic findings, compared with that of serum @entity957 ( @entity957 ) antigen and @entity787 ( @entity787 ), in @entity1721 . METHODS: Blood samples from 54 consecutive @entity1 were obtained from the peripheral artery and the superior vena cava at three points in time: immediately before surgery, and before and after @entity5 resection. @entity787 -specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which can quantify circulating @entity5 cells in blood, was performed. The preoperative values of serum @entity957 antigen and @entity787 were also obtained for all @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity787 messenger RNA ( @entity787 mRNA) was detected in the blood of 31 out of 54 @entity1 (57.4%). @entity787 mRNA positivity was detected most frequently after @entity5 resection and correlated with nodal status and stage grouping. The incidence of total recurrence and blood-borne recurrence was significantly greater in @entity1 with @entity787 mRNA positivity than in those with @entity787 mRNA negativity (P =.036 and.0026, respectively). Preoperative serum levels of @entity957 antigen and @entity787 did not correlate with clinicopathologic findings and @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity787 mRNA detected by RT-PCR was more predictive of @entity5 recurrence than serum @entity5 markers. Effective adjuvant therapy is recommended for @entity1 with @entity787 mRNA positive expression.

title: Clinical significance of circulating XXXX cells in blood by molecular detection and @entity5 markers in esophageal cancer.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Mutations in the transcription factor @entity430 give rise to @entity32942 , a syndrome characterized by @entity853 and XY sex reversal. @entity430 is expressed at sites of chondrogenesis and in the developing testis, and, thus, it plays a role in two overtly different pathways of differentiation. Previous studies have identified the gene for type II collagen, @entity15137 , as a target of @entity430 in @entity19 chondrocytes and implicated @entity72648 as a @entity430 target in testis. Using differential expression analysis combined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we have identified nonchondrocytic collagen transcript isoforms that are expressed in the early male @entity19 gonad. Male-specific, gonadal expression of nonchondrocytic @entity15137 was first seen at 11.5 days postcoitum (dpc) and was undetectable by 13.5 dpc. This was accompanied by increasing expression of nonchondrocytic @entity54693 , @entity72649 , and @entity72648 , first detected at 11.5 dpc. Expression was analyzed in testes that had been depleted of germ cells by the cytotoxic drug @entity1863 . These studies showed @entity72648 and @entity15137 to be expressed in Sertoli cells within the developing testis cords. Nonchondrocytic type II collagen contains a @entity462 -rich domain that has been shown to bind members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of signaling molecules. Thus, this interaction may play a role in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the testis.

title: Type II and type IX collagen transcript isoforms are expressed during XXXX testis development.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity32942 :: ('MESH:D055036', 'Disease') :: ['campomelic dysplasia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The @entity1 placenta utilizes both active and passive mechanisms to evade rejection by the maternal immune system. We investigated the pattern of expression of the B7 family of immunomodulatory molecules @entity4634 ( @entity4634 ), @entity2937 ( @entity2937 ), and @entity7938 ( @entity7938 ) at the term maternal-fetal interface. Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses showed that @entity4634 mRNA is abundant in term placenta and that cytotrophoblasts are sources of this message. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that @entity4634 is constitutively expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast and by extravillous cytotrophoblasts, both of which are juxtaposed to maternal blood and tissue. By contrast, placental stromal cells, including macrophages, lacked the protein. Expression of @entity4634 protein was low in first-trimester placenta compared to second- and third-trimester tissue (P < 0.05) and was enhanced in cultured cytotrophoblasts by treatment with either @entity379 or epidermal growth factor (P < 0.05), suggesting that one or both of these mediators regulates @entity4634 expression in the placenta. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis of term placental tissue revealed different patterns of expression of the immunostimulatory protein, @entity2937 . In contrast to @entity72650 mRNA and protein were absent in cytotrophoblast cells but present in maternal macrophages and some fetal macrophages. The @entity7938 mRNA and protein were absent at the maternal-fetal interface. These studies document expression of the B7 family proteins at the maternal-fetal interface and demonstrate that @entity4634 is positioned such that it could facilitate protection of fetal cells against activated maternal leukocytes. Conversely, @entity2937 was absent on trophoblasts and was appropriately localized to fetal and maternal macrophages, which may participate in antigen presentation.

title: B7 family molecules are favorably positioned at the XXXX maternal-fetal interface.

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. Therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through DNA microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 in water. Using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, the amount of amplified target DNA was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. The amplification was stopped at the logarithmic phase of the PCR to quantify the DNA products on the DNA microarray chip. The generation of single-stranded DNA sequences is essential for DNA hybridization assays on microarrays. Therefore, the DNA strands of the PCR products were separated by streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. This was achieved by introducing a reverse primer labeled with @entity1885 together with a @entity1859 labeled forward primer for CL microarray imaging. A conjugate of an antidigoxigenin antibody and horseradish peroxidase recognized the @entity1859 -labeled antistrands bound to the probes on the microarray surface and catalyzed the reaction of @entity6931 and @entity273 . The generated light emission was recorded by a sensitive @entity11339 ( @entity11339 ) camera. The quantification was conducted by a flow-through CL microarray readout system. The DNA microarrays were based on an NHS-activated @entity968 -modified glass substrate. The DNA probes which have the same DNA sequence as the reverse primer were immobilized on this surface. The full assay was characterized by spiking experiments with heat-inactivated bacteria in water. The total assay time was 3.5 h, and the detection limits determined on CL microarrays were for @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 136, 500, and 1 cell/mL, respectively. The results of the DNA microarray assay were comparable to the SYBR green-based assays analyzed with a real-time PCR device. The advantage of the new microarray analysis method is seen in the ability of a high multiplex degree on DNA microarrays, the high specificity of DNA hybridization on DNA microarrays, and the possibility to get quantitative results on an automated CL flow-through microarray analysis system.

title: Sensitive quantification of XXXX O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through DNA microarray analysis.

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

entities_list: @entity11339 :: ('MESH:D058747', 'Disease') :: ['charge-coupled device', 'CCD']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica', 'S. enterica']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. Therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through DNA microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 in water. Using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, the amount of amplified target DNA was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. The amplification was stopped at the logarithmic phase of the PCR to quantify the DNA products on the DNA microarray chip. The generation of single-stranded DNA sequences is essential for DNA hybridization assays on microarrays. Therefore, the DNA strands of the PCR products were separated by streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. This was achieved by introducing a reverse primer labeled with @entity1885 together with a @entity1859 labeled forward primer for CL microarray imaging. A conjugate of an antidigoxigenin antibody and horseradish peroxidase recognized the @entity1859 -labeled antistrands bound to the probes on the microarray surface and catalyzed the reaction of @entity6931 and @entity273 . The generated light emission was recorded by a sensitive @entity11339 ( @entity11339 ) camera. The quantification was conducted by a flow-through CL microarray readout system. The DNA microarrays were based on an NHS-activated @entity968 -modified glass substrate. The DNA probes which have the same DNA sequence as the reverse primer were immobilized on this surface. The full assay was characterized by spiking experiments with heat-inactivated bacteria in water. The total assay time was 3.5 h, and the detection limits determined on CL microarrays were for @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 136, 500, and 1 cell/mL, respectively. The results of the DNA microarray assay were comparable to the SYBR green-based assays analyzed with a real-time PCR device. The advantage of the new microarray analysis method is seen in the ability of a high multiplex degree on DNA microarrays, the high specificity of DNA hybridization on DNA microarrays, and the possibility to get quantitative results on an automated CL flow-through microarray analysis system.

title: Sensitive quantification of @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and XXXX by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through DNA microarray analysis.

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: Rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. Therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through DNA microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 in water. Using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, the amount of amplified target DNA was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. The amplification was stopped at the logarithmic phase of the PCR to quantify the DNA products on the DNA microarray chip. The generation of single-stranded DNA sequences is essential for DNA hybridization assays on microarrays. Therefore, the DNA strands of the PCR products were separated by streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. This was achieved by introducing a reverse primer labeled with @entity1885 together with a @entity1859 labeled forward primer for CL microarray imaging. A conjugate of an antidigoxigenin antibody and horseradish peroxidase recognized the @entity1859 -labeled antistrands bound to the probes on the microarray surface and catalyzed the reaction of @entity6931 and @entity273 . The generated light emission was recorded by a sensitive @entity11339 ( @entity11339 ) camera. The quantification was conducted by a flow-through CL microarray readout system. The DNA microarrays were based on an NHS-activated @entity968 -modified glass substrate. The DNA probes which have the same DNA sequence as the reverse primer were immobilized on this surface. The full assay was characterized by spiking experiments with heat-inactivated bacteria in water. The total assay time was 3.5 h, and the detection limits determined on CL microarrays were for @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 136, 500, and 1 cell/mL, respectively. The results of the DNA microarray assay were comparable to the SYBR green-based assays analyzed with a real-time PCR device. The advantage of the new microarray analysis method is seen in the ability of a high multiplex degree on DNA microarrays, the high specificity of DNA hybridization on DNA microarrays, and the possibility to get quantitative results on an automated CL flow-through microarray analysis system.

title: Sensitive quantification of @entity526 O157:H7, XXXX , and @entity5363 by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through DNA microarray analysis.

answer: @entity11621 :: (28901,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica']


abstract: Chromosomal loci containing genes affecting antinociceptive sensitivity to @entity1286 have been identified, but virtually nothing is known about the genetic mediation of sensitivity to over-the-counter analgesics. Such knowledge would be of great clinical interest, as prodigious interindividual variability has been noted in the efficacy of these ubiquitously used drugs. In the present study, we assessed heritability and genetic correlations among three over-the-counter analgesics in @entity19 of 12 inbred @entity19 strains on the 0.9% @entity1543 (i.p.) writhing test. Analgesics included the centrally acting analgesic, @entity1443 (150 mg/kg, s.c.), and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity3352 (40 mg/kg, s.c.) and @entity376 - @entity117 (800 mg/kg, s.c.). Significant strain differences in sensitivity to each of the drugs were observed, with narrow-sense heritability estimates ranging from 23 to 45%. Similar strains were sensitive and resistant, respectively, to the two NSAIDs (r(s) = 0.64). In contrast, a completely different pattern of sensitivities was observed for @entity1443 , implying @entity74 (r(s) = 0.29 and 0.02) compared with the NSAIDs. Additional experiments were performed on two strains, C57BL/6 and @entity7840 /2, with extreme sensitivities to @entity1443 . Plasma @entity1443 levels in these strains were not significantly different during the time of antinociception assessment, suggesting the existence of genetic factors affecting @entity1443 pharmacodynamics rather than pharmacokinetics.

title: The heritability of antinociception II: pharmacogenetic mediation of three over-the-counter analgesics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic dissociation']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity189 has been defined diversely. The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity189 should be categorized as a distinct entity independent of @entity189 . We retrospectively analyzed 65 @entity1 undergoing resection for @entity420 involving the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) with the @entity5 center within 5 cm of the EGJ. @entity420 of the EGJ were classified into Type I, Type II, and Type III according to Siewert's criteria. There was only one @entity420 , and it was associated with @entity355 . No @entity5 had their center between 1 cm and 2 cm proximal to the EGJ. Clinicopathologic features and prognosis were compared among @entity1 with @entity420 ( n = 31), @entity1 with @entity420 ( n = 33), and @entity1 with @entity420 in the upper third of the stomach not invading the EGJ ( n = 153). Siewert's @entity420 was associated with a higher male/female ratio and with higher incidences of well-demarcated appearance and differentiated histology than @entity189 of the upper third of the stomach without esophageal invasion. Lymph nodes along the greater curvature and parapyloric nodes were rarely involved in @entity5 . Within the pT2 category, @entity1 with Siewert's @entity5 showed a higher incidence of @entity1600 and a significantly lower survival rate than did @entity1 with @entity5 of the upper third of the stomach without esophageal invasion. In conclusion, @entity189 , appropriately defined as @entity420 with its epicenter between 1 cm proximal and 2 cm distal to the EGJ, should be categorized as a distinct entity.

title: Is adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia a distinct entity independent of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Type II tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cardia carcinoma', 'subcardial carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'Cardia carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Type I adenocarcinoma', 'Type III adenocarcinomas', 'Type II adenocarcinoma', 'Type II adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['subcardial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This post hoc analysis evaluated treatment-associated quality-adjusted survival (QAS) in @entity1 randomly assigned to @entity13850 or interferon alfa (IFN-alfa), corrected for censoring using inverse probability weighting (IPW), in the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) trial. METHODS: Follow-up was divided into 11 time intervals; Kaplan-Meier estimates for not being censored were estimated for each interval. The QAS for each interval was weighted by the inverse probability of not being censored in that interval. Overall treatment-associated QAS was calculated as the sum of the weighted QAS across all follow-up intervals. Differences in mean QAS between @entity13850 and IFN-alfa were evaluated with t-statistics at a two-sided a = 0.05. RESULTS: In total, 416 @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity13850 (n = 209) or IFN-alfa (n = 207); 400 @entity1 were included in this analysis. Overall weighted mean (standard deviation) QAS during progression-free survival was 111.9 (5.3) days with @entity13850 (n = 204) and 75.7 (6.3) days with IFN-alfa (n = 196). The mean weighted QAS difference of 36.2 days in favor of @entity13850 was significant (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: One potential limitation is that the weights developed by the Kaplan-Meier estimates did not allow for covariates to be adjusted among treatment arms. Another possible limitation is that the @entity1358 trial included @entity1 with @entity1358 , and thus it cannot be conclusively determined how our findings would apply to @entity1 with @entity1442 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with poor-prognosis @entity1358 treated with @entity13850 had an incremental gain of 48% (36.2 days) in QAS compared with @entity1 treated with IFN-alfa.

title: Inverse probability weighting to control for censoring in a post hoc analysis of quality-adjusted survival data from a clinical trial of @entity13850 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['ARCC', 'advanced renal cell carcinoma', 'Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This post hoc analysis evaluated treatment-associated quality-adjusted survival (QAS) in @entity1 randomly assigned to @entity13850 or interferon alfa (IFN-alfa), corrected for censoring using inverse probability weighting (IPW), in the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) trial. METHODS: Follow-up was divided into 11 time intervals; Kaplan-Meier estimates for not being censored were estimated for each interval. The QAS for each interval was weighted by the inverse probability of not being censored in that interval. Overall treatment-associated QAS was calculated as the sum of the weighted QAS across all follow-up intervals. Differences in mean QAS between @entity13850 and IFN-alfa were evaluated with t-statistics at a two-sided a = 0.05. RESULTS: In total, 416 @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity13850 (n = 209) or IFN-alfa (n = 207); 400 @entity1 were included in this analysis. Overall weighted mean (standard deviation) QAS during progression-free survival was 111.9 (5.3) days with @entity13850 (n = 204) and 75.7 (6.3) days with IFN-alfa (n = 196). The mean weighted QAS difference of 36.2 days in favor of @entity13850 was significant (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: One potential limitation is that the weights developed by the Kaplan-Meier estimates did not allow for covariates to be adjusted among treatment arms. Another possible limitation is that the @entity1358 trial included @entity1 with @entity1358 , and thus it cannot be conclusively determined how our findings would apply to @entity1 with @entity1442 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with poor-prognosis @entity1358 treated with @entity13850 had an incremental gain of 48% (36.2 days) in QAS compared with @entity1 treated with IFN-alfa.

title: Inverse probability weighting to control for censoring in a post hoc analysis of quality-adjusted survival data from a clinical trial of XXXX for @entity1358 .

answer: @entity13850 :: (MESH:C401859,Chemical) :: ['temsirolimus']


abstract: Minimally invasive spine surgery is increasingly used to treat various spinal pathologies with the goal of minimizing destruction of the surrounding tissues. @entity5925 ( @entity5925 ) is a rare but known complication of spine surgery, and @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is in turn a potential complication of severe @entity5925 . The authors report the first known case series of @entity5925 and @entity810 following minimally invasive lateral spine surgery. The authors retrospectively reviewed data in all consecutive @entity1 who underwent a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach for interbody fusion with the subsequent development of @entity5925 and @entity810 at 2 institutions between 2006 and 2009. Demographic variables, @entity1 home medications, preoperative laboratory values, and anesthetic used during the procedure were reviewed. All @entity1 data were recorded including the operative procedure, @entity1 positioning, postoperative hospital course, operative time, @entity190 , @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK), @entity1011 , duration of hospital stay, and complications. Five of 315 consecutive @entity1 were identified with @entity5925 and @entity810 after undergoing minimally invasive lateral transpsoas spine surgery. There were 4 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 with a mean age of 66 years (range 60-71 years). The mean body mass index was 31 kg/m2 and ranged from 25 to 40 kg/m2. Nineteen interbody levels had been fused, with a range of 3-6 levels per @entity1 . The mean operative time was 420 minutes and ranged from 315 to 600 minutes. The CPK ranged from 5000 to 56,000 U/L, with a mean of 25,861 U/L. Two of the 5 @entity1 required temporary hemodialysis, while 3 required only aggressive fluid resuscitation. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 12 days, with a range of 3-25 days. @entity5925 is a rare but known potential complication of spine surgery. The authors describe the first case series associated with the minimally invasive lateral approach. Surgeons must be aware of the possibility of postoperative @entity5925 and @entity810 , particularly in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 and in procedures associated with prolonged operative times.

title: @entity5925 and XXXX following minimally invasive spine surgery: report of 5 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyolysis', 'RM']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: Minimally invasive spine surgery is increasingly used to treat various spinal pathologies with the goal of minimizing destruction of the surrounding tissues. @entity5925 ( @entity5925 ) is a rare but known complication of spine surgery, and @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is in turn a potential complication of severe @entity5925 . The authors report the first known case series of @entity5925 and @entity810 following minimally invasive lateral spine surgery. The authors retrospectively reviewed data in all consecutive @entity1 who underwent a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach for interbody fusion with the subsequent development of @entity5925 and @entity810 at 2 institutions between 2006 and 2009. Demographic variables, @entity1 home medications, preoperative laboratory values, and anesthetic used during the procedure were reviewed. All @entity1 data were recorded including the operative procedure, @entity1 positioning, postoperative hospital course, operative time, @entity190 , @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK), @entity1011 , duration of hospital stay, and complications. Five of 315 consecutive @entity1 were identified with @entity5925 and @entity810 after undergoing minimally invasive lateral transpsoas spine surgery. There were 4 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 with a mean age of 66 years (range 60-71 years). The mean body mass index was 31 kg/m2 and ranged from 25 to 40 kg/m2. Nineteen interbody levels had been fused, with a range of 3-6 levels per @entity1 . The mean operative time was 420 minutes and ranged from 315 to 600 minutes. The CPK ranged from 5000 to 56,000 U/L, with a mean of 25,861 U/L. Two of the 5 @entity1 required temporary hemodialysis, while 3 required only aggressive fluid resuscitation. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 12 days, with a range of 3-25 days. @entity5925 is a rare but known potential complication of spine surgery. The authors describe the first case series associated with the minimally invasive lateral approach. Surgeons must be aware of the possibility of postoperative @entity5925 and @entity810 , particularly in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 and in procedures associated with prolonged operative times.

title: XXXX and @entity810 following minimally invasive spine surgery: report of 5 cases.

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: @entity1600 sampling has become an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection to provide prognostic and treatment information in @entity0 @entity1 . The role of immunohistochemistry has yet to be established. A total of 241 sentinel lymph nodes (in 270 slides) from 91 @entity1 with @entity189 (73 ductal, 9 lobular, 8 mixed lobular/ductal, 1 NOS) were studied for presence of macrometastases (> 0.2 cm), identified in @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections, and occult metastases (micrometastases [< or = 0.2 cm], clusters of cells, @entity189 cells), identified only by immunohistochemistry. Intraoperative touch preparations, frozen sections, seven @entity1710 and @entity1711 levels (L1-L7), and two @entity1325 -3 cytokeratin immunohistochemistries (L1, L4-5) of the entire bisected or trisected sentinel lymph node were examined. Thirty-one (34%) @entity1 had 50 positive sentinel lymph nodes. Twenty-six (33%) sentinel lymph nodes had @entity189 (11 macrometastases, 11 micrometastases, 3 clusters of cells, 1 @entity189 cells) by touch preparations, frozen sections, and one @entity1710 and @entity1711 (L1). Thirty-eight (43%) were positive by @entity1325 -3 immunohistochemistry (L1) (11 macrometastases, 8 micrometastases, 13 clusters of cells, 6 @entity189 cells), significantly more than by touch preparations, frozen sections, @entity1710 and @entity1711 L1, or @entity1710 and @entity1711 @entity72412 . Cytokeratin immunostain on L4-5 demonstrated 31 (34%) positive sentinel lymph nodes, a similar frequency to cytokeratin immunostain on L1. Size of sentinel lymph node @entity3 did not correlate with size, histologic grade, or type of primary @entity0 . @entity1325 -3 (L1) immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive in delineating sentinel lymph node @entity3 , especially clusters of cells and @entity189 cells. The prognostic significance of clusters of cells and @entity189 cells and the value of @entity1325 -3 immunohistochemistry on frozen sections need to be determined.

title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma', 'isolated carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1600 sampling has become an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection to provide prognostic and treatment information in @entity0 @entity1 . The role of immunohistochemistry has yet to be established. A total of 241 sentinel lymph nodes (in 270 slides) from 91 @entity1 with @entity189 (73 ductal, 9 lobular, 8 mixed lobular/ductal, 1 NOS) were studied for presence of macrometastases (> 0.2 cm), identified in @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections, and occult metastases (micrometastases [< or = 0.2 cm], clusters of cells, @entity189 cells), identified only by immunohistochemistry. Intraoperative touch preparations, frozen sections, seven @entity1710 and @entity1711 levels (L1-L7), and two @entity1325 -3 cytokeratin immunohistochemistries (L1, L4-5) of the entire bisected or trisected sentinel lymph node were examined. Thirty-one (34%) @entity1 had 50 positive sentinel lymph nodes. Twenty-six (33%) sentinel lymph nodes had @entity189 (11 macrometastases, 11 micrometastases, 3 clusters of cells, 1 @entity189 cells) by touch preparations, frozen sections, and one @entity1710 and @entity1711 (L1). Thirty-eight (43%) were positive by @entity1325 -3 immunohistochemistry (L1) (11 macrometastases, 8 micrometastases, 13 clusters of cells, 6 @entity189 cells), significantly more than by touch preparations, frozen sections, @entity1710 and @entity1711 L1, or @entity1710 and @entity1711 @entity72412 . Cytokeratin immunostain on L4-5 demonstrated 31 (34%) positive sentinel lymph nodes, a similar frequency to cytokeratin immunostain on L1. Size of sentinel lymph node @entity3 did not correlate with size, histologic grade, or type of primary @entity0 . @entity1325 -3 (L1) immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive in delineating sentinel lymph node @entity3 , especially clusters of cells and @entity189 cells. The prognostic significance of clusters of cells and @entity189 cells and the value of @entity1325 -3 immunohistochemistry on frozen sections need to be determined.

title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']