abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuing advances in breast reconstruction have provided surgeons with a multitude of reconstructive options. Concerns remain, however, about the effects of the various reconstructive methods on ultimate oncologic outcome. This study compares incidence, detection, and management of recurrent @entity0 in a large series of @entity1 treated with mastectomy alone or with mastectomy and various forms of reconstruction. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on all @entity1 who underwent mastectomy and/or immediate reconstruction for @entity0 at our institution between January 1999 and December 2006. The 921 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: mastectomy and reconstruction (n = 494) and mastectomy alone (n = 427). All modern reconstructive methods were included. @entity1 were followed for a mean of 4.5 years. RESULTS: The total incidence of recurrence-locoregional and/or distant-was 5.9% in @entity1 who had mastectomy with reconstruction and 11.5% in @entity1 who had mastectomy alone (P < 0.0023). The incidence of locoregional recurrence only was 2.2% in @entity1 who had mastectomy with reconstruction and 4.0% in @entity1 who had mastectomy alone (P = 0.1220). Of the 11 reconstructed @entity1 with a locoregional recurrence, all recurrences were detected by self or clinical examination. Median time to detection was the same in both groups: 1.6 years (P = 0.5471). CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction with a variety of methods does not adversely affect the incidence or time to detection of recurrent @entity0 . Further, our data point to an important role for physical examination in @entity5 surveillance after mastectomy and reconstruction.

title: XXXX recurrence following postmastectomy reconstruction compared to mastectomy with no reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal vascular resistance [ @entity3013 ( @entity3013 )] has been associated with @entity633 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . We studied the correlations between renal artery @entity3013 and urinary albumin excretion in adolescents and young adults. METHODS: From May 2006 through September 2008, we established a cohort of adolescents and young adults based on previous history of elevated blood pressure (EBP) or normal blood pressure in childhood. This cohort was selected from the 1992-2000 nationwide mass urine screening of school @entity1 aged 6-18 years in Taiwan. From October through December 2008, we called back these adolescents and young adults living in Taipei to participate in a @entity8 study. Linear mixed regression models were applied to study the correlation between renal artery @entity3013 and urinary albumin excretion after controlling for cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. RESULTS: Of the 147 subjects enrolled in this study, 67 had macroalbuminuria, 36 had microalbuminuria and 44 had normoalbuminuria. Except for high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , most CV risk factors did not differ significantly among these three groups. Mean @entity3013 were similar for the three groups. Neither log (urinary albumin concentration) nor log (urinary albumin: @entity1011 ratio) correlated with @entity3013 . Step-wise linear mixed regression models showed that @entity3013 was significantly associated only with male gender and diastolic blood pressure, but not with urinary albumin excretion or EBP in childhood. CONCLUSION: Renal artery @entity3013 is not associated with urinary albumin excretion in nondiabetic adolescents and young adults.

title: Associations of renal vascular resistance with XXXX in adolescents and young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['resistive index', 'RI']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: Protein @entity369 methylation is a common posttranslational modification catalyzed by a family of the protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs). We have previously reported that @entity32656 methylates Forkhead box O transcription factors at two @entity369 residues within an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif (RxRxxS/T), and that this methylation blocks Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factors. These findings led us to hypothesize that the functional crosstalk between @entity369 methylation and phosphorylation could be extended to other Akt target proteins as well as Forkhead box O proteins. Here we identify @entity588 antagonist of cell death ( @entity1835 ) as an additional substrate for @entity32656 among several Akt target proteins. We show that @entity32656 specifically binds and methylates @entity1835 at @entity534 -94 and @entity534 -96, both of which comprise the Akt consensus phosphorylation motif. Consistent with the hypothesis, @entity32656 -mediated methylation of these two @entity369 residues inhibits Akt-mediated phosphorylation of @entity1835 at Ser-99 in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that the complex formation of @entity1835 with 14-3-3 proteins, which occurs subsequent to Akt-mediated phosphorylation, is negatively regulated by @entity32656 . Furthermore, @entity32656 knockdown prevents mitochondrial localization of @entity1835 and its binding to the antiapoptotic @entity1836 protein. @entity1835 overexpression causes an increase in apoptosis with concomitant activation of @entity522 , whereas @entity32656 knockdown significantly suppresses these apoptotic processes. Taken together, our results add a new dimension to the complexity of posttranslational @entity1835 regulation and provide evidence that @entity369 methylation within an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif functions as an inhibitory modification against Akt-dependent survival signaling.

title: XXXX methylation of @entity588 antagonist of cell death ( @entity1835 ) counteracts its phosphorylation and inactivation by Akt.

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['Arginine']


abstract: Protein @entity369 methylation is a common posttranslational modification catalyzed by a family of the protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs). We have previously reported that @entity32656 methylates Forkhead box O transcription factors at two @entity369 residues within an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif (RxRxxS/T), and that this methylation blocks Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factors. These findings led us to hypothesize that the functional crosstalk between @entity369 methylation and phosphorylation could be extended to other Akt target proteins as well as Forkhead box O proteins. Here we identify @entity588 antagonist of cell death ( @entity1835 ) as an additional substrate for @entity32656 among several Akt target proteins. We show that @entity32656 specifically binds and methylates @entity1835 at @entity534 -94 and @entity534 -96, both of which comprise the Akt consensus phosphorylation motif. Consistent with the hypothesis, @entity32656 -mediated methylation of these two @entity369 residues inhibits Akt-mediated phosphorylation of @entity1835 at Ser-99 in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that the complex formation of @entity1835 with 14-3-3 proteins, which occurs subsequent to Akt-mediated phosphorylation, is negatively regulated by @entity32656 . Furthermore, @entity32656 knockdown prevents mitochondrial localization of @entity1835 and its binding to the antiapoptotic @entity1836 protein. @entity1835 overexpression causes an increase in apoptosis with concomitant activation of @entity522 , whereas @entity32656 knockdown significantly suppresses these apoptotic processes. Taken together, our results add a new dimension to the complexity of posttranslational @entity1835 regulation and provide evidence that @entity369 methylation within an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif functions as an inhibitory modification against Akt-dependent survival signaling.

title: @entity369 methylation of @entity588 antagonist of cell death ( XXXX ) counteracts its phosphorylation and inactivation by Akt.

answer: @entity1835 :: (572,Gene) :: ['BAD']


abstract: Protein @entity369 methylation is a common posttranslational modification catalyzed by a family of the protein @entity369 methyltransferases (PRMTs). We have previously reported that @entity32656 methylates Forkhead box O transcription factors at two @entity369 residues within an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif (RxRxxS/T), and that this methylation blocks Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factors. These findings led us to hypothesize that the functional crosstalk between @entity369 methylation and phosphorylation could be extended to other Akt target proteins as well as Forkhead box O proteins. Here we identify @entity588 antagonist of cell death ( @entity1835 ) as an additional substrate for @entity32656 among several Akt target proteins. We show that @entity32656 specifically binds and methylates @entity1835 at @entity534 -94 and @entity534 -96, both of which comprise the Akt consensus phosphorylation motif. Consistent with the hypothesis, @entity32656 -mediated methylation of these two @entity369 residues inhibits Akt-mediated phosphorylation of @entity1835 at Ser-99 in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that the complex formation of @entity1835 with 14-3-3 proteins, which occurs subsequent to Akt-mediated phosphorylation, is negatively regulated by @entity32656 . Furthermore, @entity32656 knockdown prevents mitochondrial localization of @entity1835 and its binding to the antiapoptotic @entity1836 protein. @entity1835 overexpression causes an increase in apoptosis with concomitant activation of @entity522 , whereas @entity32656 knockdown significantly suppresses these apoptotic processes. Taken together, our results add a new dimension to the complexity of posttranslational @entity1835 regulation and provide evidence that @entity369 methylation within an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif functions as an inhibitory modification against Akt-dependent survival signaling.

title: @entity369 methylation of XXXX antagonist of cell death ( @entity1835 ) counteracts its phosphorylation and inactivation by Akt.

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL-2']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study with prospectively collected samples for laboratory analysis in a series of @entity1 with @entity174 and a series of @entity1 without @entity174 who underwent fusion for @entity5752 . OBJECTIVE: Was an exploratory data analysis for candidate cytokine biomarkers present in the @entity174 milieu of @entity1 with persistent back @entity158 associated with @entity3814 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Lumbar and thoracic compression @entity174 are common. Little is known about the presence of inflammatory mediators within fractured @entity5788 in the clinical setting. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 diagnosed with a single thoracic or lumbar compression @entity174 were treated with single level vertebroplasty. At the time of intervention, needle aspiration was carried out at the fractured level. A multiplexed bead assay was used to assess the presence of 27 different cytokines and inflammatory mediators. A control group consisted of needle aspiration samples of 30 lumbar @entity5788 from 13 @entity1 with @entity1118 but no @entity174 undergoing open instrumented fusion. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 with 30 @entity174 consisted of 23 female and 7 male with a mean age of 77.5 years (SD 13.6; range 42 to 97) and a mean of 3.9 weeks of @entity158 (SD 3.1; range 1 to 12). The highest levels of inflammatory mediators were (in order): @entity1193 , PDGF, @entity5737 , @entity371 , @entity687 , and eotaxin. These mediators were present at concentrations>200 pg/mL. Compared with controls with @entity1118 , significant differences were present for 4 mediators: TNF, @entity12868 , @entity4666 , and IL-12. The panel of these 4 markers was 93.3% specific and 66.7% sensitive for @entity174 compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory mediators are present in needle aspirates of symptomatic @entity3814 . Some of these mediators show different levels than in @entity1 with @entity1118 but no @entity174 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic level of evidence II.

title: Are persistently symptomatic XXXX associated with abnormal inflammatory profiles? A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'spinal fragility fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures', 'vertebral compression fracture']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) is associated with @entity5 progression and tissue inhibitor of @entity1476 ( @entity1552 ) selectively inhibits @entity1476 , we investigate the implication of @entity1552 in @entity105 of uterine cervix. METHODS: Twenty-six cervical @entity5 tissues and their normal counterparts were collected to evaluate semi-quantitative mRNA expression of @entity1552 . Eighty-two cervical @entity5 , 26 high-grade and 26 low-grade @entity1141 , and 26 normal tissues were collected to construct tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical study. We evaluated @entity1552 immunoreactivity using H scores in cervical @entity105 . Semi-quantitative expression of @entity1476 was also detected for comparison. RESULTS: Cervical @entity5 tissues exhibited statistically lower semi-quantitative @entity1552 (P   =   0.028) or higher @entity1476 (P   =   0.036) mRNA expression than their normal counterparts. None of cervical @entity5 tissues exerted elevated @entity1552 and reduced @entity1476 mRNA expression simultaneously. @entity5 tissues have significantly lower @entity1552 or higher @entity1476 H scores than high-grade and low-grade @entity1141 or normal tissues of uterine cervix. CONCLUSIONS: Low expression of @entity1552 or high expression of @entity1476 is semi-quantitatively demonstrated in @entity5 . @entity1552 is implicated in cervical @entity105 .

title: Semi-quantitative expression of tissue inhibitor of XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer of uterine cervix', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) is associated with @entity5 progression and tissue inhibitor of @entity1476 ( @entity1552 ) selectively inhibits @entity1476 , we investigate the implication of @entity1552 in @entity105 of uterine cervix. METHODS: Twenty-six cervical @entity5 tissues and their normal counterparts were collected to evaluate semi-quantitative mRNA expression of @entity1552 . Eighty-two cervical @entity5 , 26 high-grade and 26 low-grade @entity1141 , and 26 normal tissues were collected to construct tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical study. We evaluated @entity1552 immunoreactivity using H scores in cervical @entity105 . Semi-quantitative expression of @entity1476 was also detected for comparison. RESULTS: Cervical @entity5 tissues exhibited statistically lower semi-quantitative @entity1552 (P   =   0.028) or higher @entity1476 (P   =   0.036) mRNA expression than their normal counterparts. None of cervical @entity5 tissues exerted elevated @entity1552 and reduced @entity1476 mRNA expression simultaneously. @entity5 tissues have significantly lower @entity1552 or higher @entity1476 H scores than high-grade and low-grade @entity1141 or normal tissues of uterine cervix. CONCLUSIONS: Low expression of @entity1552 or high expression of @entity1476 is semi-quantitatively demonstrated in @entity5 . @entity1552 is implicated in cervical @entity105 .

title: Semi-quantitative expression of tissue inhibitor of @entity1476 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of uterine cervix']


abstract: Local anesthetics are commonly used medications and can result in adverse reactions. The diagnostic workup of local anesthetic reactions remains controversial. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of skin testing for local anesthetic @entity566 evaluation. A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 undergoing local anesthetic skin testing. @entity1 were included if they underwent prick and intradermal skin testing followed by incremental subcutaneous challenge. Charts were further systematically reviewed to evaluate response to local anesthetics in the clinical setting after open subcutaneous challenge. One hundred seventy-eight @entity1 underwent 227 local anesthetic skin tests. Two hundred twenty (97%) of the skin tests were negative. Of the negative skin tests results, 214 (97%) had negative challenge or probable non-IgE-mediated events during challenge. Three @entity1 with six negative skin tests had a local reaction during the open subcutaneous challenge. Seven skin tests on five @entity1 met the criteria for a positive skin test with local anesthetics. One @entity1 had an equivocal local skin reaction with subcutaneous challenge without systemic effects. Three @entity1 had a negative subcutaneous challenge and one @entity1 did not undergo a challenge. Ninety-eight percent of @entity1 receiving local anesthetics in the clinical setting after open subcutaneous challenge tolerated the medications. The negative predictive value of the local anesthetic skin test was 97% with few positive skin tests. Positive local anesthetic skin tests are uncommon and the local anesthetic skin tests have an excellent negative predictive value. Additional study with skin test-only protocols is warranted.

title: The predictive value of skin testing in the diagnosis of local anesthetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of @entity2757 , a member of the @entity460 -binding S100 protein family, in oral tumorigenesis. We analyzed its cellular distribution and its serum level in @entity1 with @entity957 and normal controls. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the histopathologic features by @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) including 8 normal, 66 @entity5072 and @entity6349 and 26 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) tissue cores. The serum level of @entity2757 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 33 healthy volunteers, 20 @entity1 with @entity75 and 23 @entity1 with @entity957 . RESULTS: The TMA analysis resulted in different findings. The strongest expression of @entity2757 was found in severe @entity1141 and @entity189 in situ. In @entity5 tissue an increased expression occurred only focally. In the normal tissue cores the epithelium showed a moderate reaction, but basal and parabasal cells were completely negative. The serum levels of @entity2757 were marginally reduced in @entity5 @entity1 . The expression between healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity75 displayed no difference. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity2757 is helpful only in the transition from severe @entity6349 tissue to @entity5 .

title: @entity2757 cellular distribution in normal epithelium, hyperplasia, @entity1141 and XXXX and its concentration in serum.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['TMAs', 'tissue microarrays']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperproliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of @entity2757 , a member of the @entity460 -binding S100 protein family, in oral tumorigenesis. We analyzed its cellular distribution and its serum level in @entity1 with @entity957 and normal controls. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the histopathologic features by @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) including 8 normal, 66 @entity5072 and @entity6349 and 26 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) tissue cores. The serum level of @entity2757 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 33 healthy volunteers, 20 @entity1 with @entity75 and 23 @entity1 with @entity957 . RESULTS: The TMA analysis resulted in different findings. The strongest expression of @entity2757 was found in severe @entity1141 and @entity189 in situ. In @entity5 tissue an increased expression occurred only focally. In the normal tissue cores the epithelium showed a moderate reaction, but basal and parabasal cells were completely negative. The serum levels of @entity2757 were marginally reduced in @entity5 @entity1 . The expression between healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity75 displayed no difference. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity2757 is helpful only in the transition from severe @entity6349 tissue to @entity5 .

title: XXXX cellular distribution in normal epithelium, hyperplasia, @entity1141 and @entity957 and its concentration in serum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2757 :: (6279,Gene) :: ['S100A8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of @entity2757 , a member of the @entity460 -binding S100 protein family, in oral tumorigenesis. We analyzed its cellular distribution and its serum level in @entity1 with @entity957 and normal controls. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the histopathologic features by @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) including 8 normal, 66 @entity5072 and @entity6349 and 26 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) tissue cores. The serum level of @entity2757 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 33 healthy volunteers, 20 @entity1 with @entity75 and 23 @entity1 with @entity957 . RESULTS: The TMA analysis resulted in different findings. The strongest expression of @entity2757 was found in severe @entity1141 and @entity189 in situ. In @entity5 tissue an increased expression occurred only focally. In the normal tissue cores the epithelium showed a moderate reaction, but basal and parabasal cells were completely negative. The serum levels of @entity2757 were marginally reduced in @entity5 @entity1 . The expression between healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity75 displayed no difference. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity2757 is helpful only in the transition from severe @entity6349 tissue to @entity5 .

title: @entity2757 cellular distribution in normal epithelium, hyperplasia, XXXX and @entity957 and its concentration in serum.

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: Primary nonparasitic @entity45 (PNSC) are rare and their management in @entity1 has been controversial. We conducted this study to discuss various treatment modalities. The medical records of @entity1 with PNSC (1991-2008) were evaluated retrospectively, including age, sex, history of @entity130 , presenting symptoms, physical examination and radiological findings, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes. Six @entity1 , between 3 to 12 years of age with a male/female ratio of 2, were included. The presenting symptom was @entity490 in all but one asymptomatic @entity1 . Physical examination findings were unremarkable in all except for palpable spleen in two @entity1 . Cyst sizes ranged from 3 x 4 cm to 10 x 12 cm. The @entity1 were treated with aspiration-sclerotherapy (n=2), total splenectomy (n=2), partial splenectomy (n=1), and cyst excision (n=1). The pathological diagnoses were @entity4890 (n=5) and @entity2696 (n=1). The postoperative course was uneventful except for postsplenectomy fever (n=1), recurrence (n=1) and residual cyst (n=1). PNSC larger than 5 cm in diameter or those that are symptomatic should be treated surgically. Total splenectomy should not be done in @entity1 to avoid infectious postsplenectomy problems unless there is a mandatory condition like @entity954 . @entity1463 is not recommended because of recurrence.

title: The management of primary nonparasitic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Aspiration-sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['splenic cysts']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['splenic cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mounting evidence implicates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the @entity455 and remodelling associated with @entity101 . We tested the hypothesis that treatment with @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), which interferes with NF-kB-induced MMPs gene transcription, could exert antihypertensive effects, prevent @entity11017 and @entity6929 up-regulation, and protect against the functional alterations and vascular remodelling of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) @entity101 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Sham-operated or @entity101 @entity35 were treated with vehicle or @entity14568 (100 mg  Kg(-1)   day(-1)) by gavage for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored weekly. Aortic rings were isolated to assess endothelium-dependent relaxations. Quantitative morphometry of structural alterations of the aortic wall was carried out in @entity6175 / @entity1711 sections. Formation of vascular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), and inducible (i) NOS and phosphorylated- @entity12149 NF-kB subunit expression were measured in the aortas. @entity11017 and @entity6929 aortic levels and gelatinolytic activity were determined by gelatin and in situ zymography and by immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS: Treatment with @entity14568 attenuated the increases in SBP and prevented the @entity409 associated with 2K1C @entity101 . Moreover, @entity14568 reversed the vascular aortic remodelling, the increases in aortic ROS levels and in iNOS and phosphorylated- @entity12149 NF-kB expression found in 2K1C @entity35 . These effects were associated with attenuation of 2K1C up-regulation of aortic @entity11017 and @entity6929 levels and gelatinolytic activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that @entity14568 down-regulates vascular MMPs and ameliorates @entity455 and remodelling in @entity2792 , thus providing evidence supporting the suggestion that @entity14568 is probably a good candidate to be used to treat @entity101 .

title: @entity13373 down-regulates vascular matrix metalloproteinases and ameliorates XXXX and remodelling in @entity2792 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mounting evidence implicates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the @entity455 and remodelling associated with @entity101 . We tested the hypothesis that treatment with @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), which interferes with NF-kB-induced MMPs gene transcription, could exert antihypertensive effects, prevent @entity11017 and @entity6929 up-regulation, and protect against the functional alterations and vascular remodelling of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) @entity101 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Sham-operated or @entity101 @entity35 were treated with vehicle or @entity14568 (100 mg  Kg(-1)   day(-1)) by gavage for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored weekly. Aortic rings were isolated to assess endothelium-dependent relaxations. Quantitative morphometry of structural alterations of the aortic wall was carried out in @entity6175 / @entity1711 sections. Formation of vascular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), and inducible (i) NOS and phosphorylated- @entity12149 NF-kB subunit expression were measured in the aortas. @entity11017 and @entity6929 aortic levels and gelatinolytic activity were determined by gelatin and in situ zymography and by immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS: Treatment with @entity14568 attenuated the increases in SBP and prevented the @entity409 associated with 2K1C @entity101 . Moreover, @entity14568 reversed the vascular aortic remodelling, the increases in aortic ROS levels and in iNOS and phosphorylated- @entity12149 NF-kB expression found in 2K1C @entity35 . These effects were associated with attenuation of 2K1C up-regulation of aortic @entity11017 and @entity6929 levels and gelatinolytic activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that @entity14568 down-regulates vascular MMPs and ameliorates @entity455 and remodelling in @entity2792 , thus providing evidence supporting the suggestion that @entity14568 is probably a good candidate to be used to treat @entity101 .

title: @entity13373 down-regulates vascular matrix metalloproteinases and ameliorates @entity455 and remodelling in XXXX .

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mounting evidence implicates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the @entity455 and remodelling associated with @entity101 . We tested the hypothesis that treatment with @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), which interferes with NF-kB-induced MMPs gene transcription, could exert antihypertensive effects, prevent @entity11017 and @entity6929 up-regulation, and protect against the functional alterations and vascular remodelling of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) @entity101 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Sham-operated or @entity101 @entity35 were treated with vehicle or @entity14568 (100 mg  Kg(-1)   day(-1)) by gavage for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored weekly. Aortic rings were isolated to assess endothelium-dependent relaxations. Quantitative morphometry of structural alterations of the aortic wall was carried out in @entity6175 / @entity1711 sections. Formation of vascular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), and inducible (i) NOS and phosphorylated- @entity12149 NF-kB subunit expression were measured in the aortas. @entity11017 and @entity6929 aortic levels and gelatinolytic activity were determined by gelatin and in situ zymography and by immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS: Treatment with @entity14568 attenuated the increases in SBP and prevented the @entity409 associated with 2K1C @entity101 . Moreover, @entity14568 reversed the vascular aortic remodelling, the increases in aortic ROS levels and in iNOS and phosphorylated- @entity12149 NF-kB expression found in 2K1C @entity35 . These effects were associated with attenuation of 2K1C up-regulation of aortic @entity11017 and @entity6929 levels and gelatinolytic activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that @entity14568 down-regulates vascular MMPs and ameliorates @entity455 and remodelling in @entity2792 , thus providing evidence supporting the suggestion that @entity14568 is probably a good candidate to be used to treat @entity101 .

title: XXXX down-regulates vascular matrix metalloproteinases and ameliorates @entity455 and remodelling in @entity2792 .

answer: @entity13373 :: (MESH:C020972,Chemical) :: ['Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: General practitioners (GPs) are being encouraged to treat more drug users but there are few studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of primary care treatment. AIM: To determine whether @entity1 retained on @entity284 maintenance treatment for one year in a modern British primary care setting, with prescribing protocols based on the new national guidelines, can achieve similar harm reduction outcomes to those demonstrated in other settings, using objective outcome measures where available. DESIGN OF STUDY: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: The Primary Care Clinic for @entity734 , Sheffield. METHOD: The intervention consisted of a @entity284 maintenance treatment provided by GPs with prescribing protocols based on the 1999 national guidelines. The first 96 eligible consenting @entity1 entering treatment were recruited; 65 completed the study. Outcome measures were current drug use, @entity645 risk-taking behaviour, social functioning, criminal activity, and mental and physical health, supplemented by urinalysis and criminal record data. RESULTS: Frequency of @entity4521 use was reduced from a mean of 3.02 episodes per day (standard deviation [SD] = 1.73) to a mean of 0.22 episodes per day (SD = 0.54), (chi 2 = 79.48, degrees of freedom [df] = 2, P < 0.001), confirmed by urinalysis. Mean numbers of convictions and cautions were reduced by 62% (z = 3.378, P < 0.001) for all crime. @entity645 risk-taking behaviour, social functioning, and physical and psychological wellbeing all showed significant improvements. CONCLUSION: @entity1 retained on @entity284 maintenance treatment for one year in a primary care setting can achieve improvements on a range of harm reduction outcomes similar to those shown by studies in other, often more highly structured programmes.

title: Does XXXX maintenance treatment based on the new national guidelines work in a primary care setting?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Drug Dependence']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As many as 10% of airline passengers travelling without prophylaxis for long distances may develop a @entity49 . There is, however, no evidence that economy class travellers are at increased risk of @entity715 . OBJECTIVES: A suitably powered prospective study, based on the incidence of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) reported in previous studies on long-haul flights, was designed to determine the incidence of positive venous duplex scans and D-dimer elevations in low and intermediate-risk passengers, comparing passengers travelling in business and economy class. @entity1 /METHODS: Eight hundred and ninety-nine passengers were recruited (180 travelling business class and 719 travelling economy). D-dimers were measured before and after the flight. A value greater than 500 ng/ml was accepted as abnormal. A @entity49 screen was conducted which included the @entity5337 mutation, the prothombin 20210A mutation, protein C and S levels, @entity5582 levels, and anticardiolipin antibodies immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). On arrival, lower limb compression ultrasonography of the deep veins was performed. Logistical regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors related to abnormally high D-dimer levels. RESULTS: Only 434 subjects had a full venous duplex scan performed. None had ultrasonic evidence of @entity49 . Nine passengers tested at departure had elevated D-dimer levels and these volunteers were excluded from further study. Seventy-four of the 899 passengers had raised D-dimers on arrival. Twenty-two of 180 business class passengers (12%) developed elevated D-dimers compared with 52 of 719 economy class passengers (7%). There was no significant association between elevation of D-dimers and the class flown (odds ratio (OR) 0.61, p = 0.109). The @entity5337 mutation, factor VIII levels and the use of @entity117 were, however, associated with raised D-dimers (OR 3.36, p = 0.024; OR 1.01, p = 0.014; and OR 2.04, p = 0.038, respectively). Five hundred and five passengers were contacted within 6 months and none reported any symptoms of a clinical @entity715 or @entity358 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of ultrasonically proven @entity1150 is much lower than previously reported. However, more than 10% of all passengers developed raised D-dimers, which were unrelated to the class flown. A rise in D-dimers is associated with an inherent risk of @entity715 and/or @entity49 , demonstrates activation of both the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems during long-haul flights, and may indicate the development of small thrombi.

title: The BEST study--a prospective study to compare business class versus economy class air travel as a cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: @entity9590 may be caused by an @entity56 response or by the vasomotor reaction to cholinergic @entity2915 . The differential diagnosis of these etiologic forms poses a difficult problem for the clinicians. The pathophysiology of @entity2490 is characterized by @entity455 and mucous @entity4 , @entity28523 which may result from such diverse etiologic factors as cholinergic @entity2915 and @entity566 . In our study, we will evaluate total IgE levels in nasal secretions, irrespective of serum of local origin. Fifty-four @entity1 suffering from @entity9590 , aged between 7 and 63 years, were studied. Fourteen presented @entity25488 , while the remaining 40 were affected with the IgE-dependent form. The following tests were done: blood eosinophil count, mucous eosinophyl count, serum IgE (PRIST), cutaneous tests with house dust, acarus and fungal antigens and nasal provocation tests. IgE levels in mucous were also evaluated. The following results were obtained: 1. No significant differences were found in blood eosinophil counts between the groups studied. 2. No significant differences were found in serum IgE levels between the groups studied. 3. Significant differences were found (P less than 0.001) in the levels of eosinophils in mucous among the groups studied. 4. Mucous IgE levels are significantly greater in the @entity56 form than in the vasomotor form of @entity2490 . The level of IgE in mucous serves as a useful but not pathognomic parameters in the differential diagnosis of the different etiologic forms of @entity2490 . As such it should be considered within the context of all clinical and analytic data before a conclusive diagnosis is made.

title: [IgE values in nasal mucus in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ingurgitation']

entities_list: @entity25488 :: ('MESH:D012223', 'Disease') :: ['vasomotor rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial rhinitis', 'Perennial rhinitis']

answer: @entity9590 :: (MESH:D012221,Disease) :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']


abstract: @entity29587 ( @entity29587 ) is a rare cause of @entity699 . Recently, aberrant expression of adrenal receptors for various hormones and/or cytokines has been identified in several cases with @entity29587 , which may act as a pathogenetic factor for the disorder. We report here an @entity29587 @entity1 with a Rathke's @entity2419 . Endocrinological examinations revealed that the pituitary cyst had no hormonal secretion. Administrations of either AVP or @entity3044 provoked @entity701 production in the @entity1 , whereas DDAVP, @entity21087 or endogenous LH induced by @entity1176 did not. Reverse transcriptional-PCR analysis of total RNA obtained from the @entity1 's adrenal tissue revealed the expression of mRNA of receptors for V1a, V1b, V2, and LH/hCG. Three of these receptors except for V1a receptor were not expressed in normal adrenal tissue. Hyperosmolar saline infusion promoted the @entity1 's @entity701 secretion through the increase in endogenous AVP (peak plasma @entity1831 level reached 90.4 pg/ml during the test). These results suggest that endogenous AVP and @entity2661 are involved in the pathophysiology of the @entity1 . Further study will be necessary to clarify the molecular mechanisms that regulate tissue-specific expression of these receptors and their role in the overgrowth of adrenal in @entity29587 .

title: A case of XXXX : simultaneous expression of several aberrant hormone receptors in the adrenal gland.

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity21087 :: ('MESH:C062720', 'Chemical') :: ['mosapride']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity29587 :: ('MESH:C565662', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia', 'AIMAH']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft cyst']

answer: @entity29587 :: (MESH:C565662,Disease) :: ['ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: Tolerance of mature @entity1 brain to photon irradiation is described. Isoeffect curves have been derived for tolerance of large and small volumes of brain, by examination of doses determined empirically and in clinical use. These have been compared with isoeffect curves of @entity1514 , @entity1781 , and brain @entity39 . The results show that the best-fitting Ellis-type equations, when five fractions per week are used, have low exponents for overall treatment time and high exponents for the number of increments (N), and are similar to published data on @entity35 @entity4685 . Of the equations used to test the relationship between total dose and number of increments, the power curve was the best fit. Mean values of exponents for N derived for brain and spinal cord tolerance were 0.4 or more. These were similar to values obtained for @entity1781 , though the data are more limited for this complication. Brain @entity39 is observed at slightly higher doses probably because of a difference in the end-point observed rather than because of any fundamental difference in tissue response. Evidence is presented to suggest that some repopulation may occur in widely spaced schedules. The use of the Ellis equation derived from connective-tissue data is inappropriate for central nervous system tissue, and its use may lead to a substantial risk of overdosage. A plea is made for adequate documentation of treatment details when @entity1 data are reported. The importance of dose per fraction is emphasized.

title: Tolerance of the mature XXXX central nervous system to photon irradiation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic myelitis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve and chiasm damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECT: Intraventricular and @entity5 resulting in @entity1276 commonly require a CSF diversion procedure. A @entity5 biopsy can often be performed concurrently. Although the tissue samples obtained during endoscopic biopsy procedures are small, a diagnosis can be made in most cases. In the present study the authors analyzed the efficacy of concurrent endoscopic biopsy and CSF diversion procedures using a single bur hole and trajectory. METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity1 with intraventricular and @entity5 were treated with endoscopic biopsy and CSF diversion procedures using a rigid rod-lens endoscope or a rigid fiberscope during a 10-year period. All @entity1 underwent a @entity5 biopsy and an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), @entity8468 ( @entity8468 ), or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, depending on the @entity5 location and site of obstruction. A single bur hole for both procedures was used in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the 87 @entity1 , the biopsy was diagnostic in 72 (83%) and merely suggestive in 7 (8%); in 8 @entity1 (9%) the sample was nondiagnostic. Among the 22 @entity1 who underwent an initial endoscopic biopsy and subsequent procedures, the specimen obtained at the second surgery was concordant with the initial endoscopic biopsy sample in 13 @entity1 ; it was somewhat similar in 4 @entity1 . In the other 5 @entity1 , either a microsurgical or stereotactic approach was used to correctly diagnose the pathology. Fifty-five @entity1 were considered for endoscopic CSF diversion procedures; an ETV was performed in 52 @entity1 and @entity8468 in 2. An ETV could not be performed in 3 @entity1 for technical reasons. A VP shunt was inserted in 32 @entity1 , with 25 undergoing shunt placement at the same time as the ETV and 7 at a later date. Significant @entity548 was encountered in 3 @entity1 during the @entity5 biopsy and in 1 @entity1 during the ETV. The ETV failed in 1 @entity1 during the follow-up, and a repeat ETV was required. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic biopsy sampling and a concurrent CSF diversion procedure through a single bur hole and trajectory can be considered for intraventricular @entity5 . The overall success rates of 83% for the biopsy procedure and 86% for the ETV indicate that the procedures are beneficial in the majority of cases. A concordance rate of 75% was found in @entity1 who underwent an initial biopsy procedure and a subsequent microsurgical approach for @entity5 excision.

title: Efficacy of simultaneous single-trajectory endoscopic @entity5 biopsy and endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures in intra- and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'paraventricular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['aqueductal stenting', 'AS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['paraventricular tumors']


abstract: OBJECT: Intraventricular and @entity5 resulting in @entity1276 commonly require a CSF diversion procedure. A @entity5 biopsy can often be performed concurrently. Although the tissue samples obtained during endoscopic biopsy procedures are small, a diagnosis can be made in most cases. In the present study the authors analyzed the efficacy of concurrent endoscopic biopsy and CSF diversion procedures using a single bur hole and trajectory. METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity1 with intraventricular and @entity5 were treated with endoscopic biopsy and CSF diversion procedures using a rigid rod-lens endoscope or a rigid fiberscope during a 10-year period. All @entity1 underwent a @entity5 biopsy and an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), @entity8468 ( @entity8468 ), or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, depending on the @entity5 location and site of obstruction. A single bur hole for both procedures was used in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the 87 @entity1 , the biopsy was diagnostic in 72 (83%) and merely suggestive in 7 (8%); in 8 @entity1 (9%) the sample was nondiagnostic. Among the 22 @entity1 who underwent an initial endoscopic biopsy and subsequent procedures, the specimen obtained at the second surgery was concordant with the initial endoscopic biopsy sample in 13 @entity1 ; it was somewhat similar in 4 @entity1 . In the other 5 @entity1 , either a microsurgical or stereotactic approach was used to correctly diagnose the pathology. Fifty-five @entity1 were considered for endoscopic CSF diversion procedures; an ETV was performed in 52 @entity1 and @entity8468 in 2. An ETV could not be performed in 3 @entity1 for technical reasons. A VP shunt was inserted in 32 @entity1 , with 25 undergoing shunt placement at the same time as the ETV and 7 at a later date. Significant @entity548 was encountered in 3 @entity1 during the @entity5 biopsy and in 1 @entity1 during the ETV. The ETV failed in 1 @entity1 during the follow-up, and a repeat ETV was required. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic biopsy sampling and a concurrent CSF diversion procedure through a single bur hole and trajectory can be considered for intraventricular @entity5 . The overall success rates of 83% for the biopsy procedure and 86% for the ETV indicate that the procedures are beneficial in the majority of cases. A concordance rate of 75% was found in @entity1 who underwent an initial biopsy procedure and a subsequent microsurgical approach for @entity5 excision.

title: Efficacy of simultaneous single-trajectory endoscopic XXXX biopsy and endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures in intra- and @entity5 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sliding @entity547 are an uncommon type of @entity169 . Very little is published in the literature regarding the outcome of laparoscopic repair of sliding @entity547 . The present series evaluates the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic repair of these @entity547 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data of @entity1 with sliding @entity169 undergoing laparoscopic repair from January 2003 to July 2010 was done. The @entity1 demographics, clinical presentations, operative details, and complications were studied. Related literature was reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 1136 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic repair of @entity169 , of which 54 @entity1 had sliding @entity169 (4.7%). Forty-one @entity1 (76%) had left-sided @entity547 and 13 @entity1 (24%) had right-sided @entity547 . Mean age of presentation was 63.5 years. Thirty-five @entity1 (64.8%) presented as complicated @entity547 (27 irreducible, 7 obstructed, and 1 strangulated). Thirty-nine @entity1 had sigmoid colon, 9 @entity1 had cecum, 3 @entity1 had ascending colon, and 3 @entity1 had urinary bladder as the sliding component. Eight @entity1 underwent Lichtenstein repair, 27 @entity1 transabdominal preperitoneal repair, and 19 @entity1 total extraperitoneal repair. Mean operating time of laparoscopic repair was 53 minutes (40-105 minutes). Five procedures (10.8%) were converted to open repair. Overall morbidity was 44.4%. Median hospital stay was 1.5 days (1-14 days). There were no recurrences in up to 7 years follow-up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of sliding @entity169 is feasible and safe with good outcome. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach is the preferable method.

title: Sliding inguinal XXXX : scope of laparoscopic repair.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity1 at elevated cardiovascular risk receive long-term @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) anti-platelet treatment. The present study specifically addresses the pharmacological interactions between selective @entity12050 inhibitors and @entity1281 and the possible consequences for the @entity715 risk during long-term treatment. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: New Zealand white @entity95 were fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with 1% @entity165 (CON) for 12 weeks. Age-matched control @entity95 were fed the same standard diet without addition of @entity165 (SD). @entity95 were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: @entity13586 (ROFE, 25 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ), @entity117 ( @entity1281 , 5 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ) or a combination of both ( @entity1281 + ROFE). At the end of the feeding period, the severity of @entity731 formation was assessed in the aorta. @entity715 formation was assessed in the left carotid artery using a modified Folts procedure. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity165 -fed @entity95 with @entity1281 significantly reduced plaque formation. This reduction in lesion size was not observed in animals treated with the combination of @entity13586 and @entity1281 . In the modified Folts model, treatment with either @entity13586 or @entity1281 increased the total blood flow above that of untreated animals. This increase was statistically significant in the case of @entity1281 , while cotreatment with @entity13586 abolished this @entity1281 effect completely and reduced the total flow rate to the levels seen in untreated hypercholesterolaemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12050 inhibition by @entity13586 attenuates the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 effects of @entity1281 during long-term treatment in @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

title: Antagonism of the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 actions of @entity117 by XXXX in the @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity1 at elevated cardiovascular risk receive long-term @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) anti-platelet treatment. The present study specifically addresses the pharmacological interactions between selective @entity12050 inhibitors and @entity1281 and the possible consequences for the @entity715 risk during long-term treatment. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: New Zealand white @entity95 were fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with 1% @entity165 (CON) for 12 weeks. Age-matched control @entity95 were fed the same standard diet without addition of @entity165 (SD). @entity95 were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: @entity13586 (ROFE, 25 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ), @entity117 ( @entity1281 , 5 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ) or a combination of both ( @entity1281 + ROFE). At the end of the feeding period, the severity of @entity731 formation was assessed in the aorta. @entity715 formation was assessed in the left carotid artery using a modified Folts procedure. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity165 -fed @entity95 with @entity1281 significantly reduced plaque formation. This reduction in lesion size was not observed in animals treated with the combination of @entity13586 and @entity1281 . In the modified Folts model, treatment with either @entity13586 or @entity1281 increased the total blood flow above that of untreated animals. This increase was statistically significant in the case of @entity1281 , while cotreatment with @entity13586 abolished this @entity1281 effect completely and reduced the total flow rate to the levels seen in untreated hypercholesterolaemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12050 inhibition by @entity13586 attenuates the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 effects of @entity1281 during long-term treatment in @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

title: Antagonism of the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 actions of @entity117 by @entity13586 in the @entity165 -fed XXXX .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity1 at elevated cardiovascular risk receive long-term @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) anti-platelet treatment. The present study specifically addresses the pharmacological interactions between selective @entity12050 inhibitors and @entity1281 and the possible consequences for the @entity715 risk during long-term treatment. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: New Zealand white @entity95 were fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with 1% @entity165 (CON) for 12 weeks. Age-matched control @entity95 were fed the same standard diet without addition of @entity165 (SD). @entity95 were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: @entity13586 (ROFE, 25 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ), @entity117 ( @entity1281 , 5 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ) or a combination of both ( @entity1281 + ROFE). At the end of the feeding period, the severity of @entity731 formation was assessed in the aorta. @entity715 formation was assessed in the left carotid artery using a modified Folts procedure. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity165 -fed @entity95 with @entity1281 significantly reduced plaque formation. This reduction in lesion size was not observed in animals treated with the combination of @entity13586 and @entity1281 . In the modified Folts model, treatment with either @entity13586 or @entity1281 increased the total blood flow above that of untreated animals. This increase was statistically significant in the case of @entity1281 , while cotreatment with @entity13586 abolished this @entity1281 effect completely and reduced the total flow rate to the levels seen in untreated hypercholesterolaemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12050 inhibition by @entity13586 attenuates the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 effects of @entity1281 during long-term treatment in @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

title: Antagonism of the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 actions of @entity117 by @entity13586 in the XXXX -fed @entity95 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity1 at elevated cardiovascular risk receive long-term @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) anti-platelet treatment. The present study specifically addresses the pharmacological interactions between selective @entity12050 inhibitors and @entity1281 and the possible consequences for the @entity715 risk during long-term treatment. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: New Zealand white @entity95 were fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with 1% @entity165 (CON) for 12 weeks. Age-matched control @entity95 were fed the same standard diet without addition of @entity165 (SD). @entity95 were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: @entity13586 (ROFE, 25 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ), @entity117 ( @entity1281 , 5 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ) or a combination of both ( @entity1281 + ROFE). At the end of the feeding period, the severity of @entity731 formation was assessed in the aorta. @entity715 formation was assessed in the left carotid artery using a modified Folts procedure. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity165 -fed @entity95 with @entity1281 significantly reduced plaque formation. This reduction in lesion size was not observed in animals treated with the combination of @entity13586 and @entity1281 . In the modified Folts model, treatment with either @entity13586 or @entity1281 increased the total blood flow above that of untreated animals. This increase was statistically significant in the case of @entity1281 , while cotreatment with @entity13586 abolished this @entity1281 effect completely and reduced the total flow rate to the levels seen in untreated hypercholesterolaemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12050 inhibition by @entity13586 attenuates the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 effects of @entity1281 during long-term treatment in @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

title: Antagonism of the antithrombotic and anti- XXXX actions of @entity117 by @entity13586 in the @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity1 at elevated cardiovascular risk receive long-term @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) anti-platelet treatment. The present study specifically addresses the pharmacological interactions between selective @entity12050 inhibitors and @entity1281 and the possible consequences for the @entity715 risk during long-term treatment. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: New Zealand white @entity95 were fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with 1% @entity165 (CON) for 12 weeks. Age-matched control @entity95 were fed the same standard diet without addition of @entity165 (SD). @entity95 were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: @entity13586 (ROFE, 25 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ), @entity117 ( @entity1281 , 5 mg  kg     , @entity49662 ) or a combination of both ( @entity1281 + ROFE). At the end of the feeding period, the severity of @entity731 formation was assessed in the aorta. @entity715 formation was assessed in the left carotid artery using a modified Folts procedure. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity165 -fed @entity95 with @entity1281 significantly reduced plaque formation. This reduction in lesion size was not observed in animals treated with the combination of @entity13586 and @entity1281 . In the modified Folts model, treatment with either @entity13586 or @entity1281 increased the total blood flow above that of untreated animals. This increase was statistically significant in the case of @entity1281 , while cotreatment with @entity13586 abolished this @entity1281 effect completely and reduced the total flow rate to the levels seen in untreated hypercholesterolaemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12050 inhibition by @entity13586 attenuates the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 effects of @entity1281 during long-term treatment in @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

title: Antagonism of the antithrombotic and anti- @entity731 actions of XXXX by @entity13586 in the @entity165 -fed @entity95 .

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: Chemotherapeutic efficacy is inversely related to @entity5 burden. A possible contributory factor in chemotherapy resistance is the occurrence of decreased red blood cell deformability in @entity19 with advanced @entity5 . Poorly deformable red blood cells may prevent adequate drug delivery to @entity5 cells. Two methods for improving red cell deformability were found in this study. The first involved treatment of @entity11748 -bearing @entity19 with red cell metabolic substrates, including @entity14572 , @entity859 , @entity413 , @entity21923 , and @entity620 . The combination of @entity14572 plus @entity21923 (3 mg of each drug in 0.5 cm3 @entity1391 -buffered saline) was most effective in restoring deformability to normal. Administration of an active chemotherapeutic agent ( @entity3600 or @entity786 ) also improved red cell deformability, with maximal restoration occurring 4--5 days after drug treatment. Standard and 50% of standard drug doses were equally effective in restoring deformability. The optimal therapy program for day 7 @entity11748 utilized @entity14572 plus @entity21923 given 10--15 min before @entity3600 15 mg/kg on day 7 and before @entity3600 30 mg/kg on day 12. This treatment yielded 44% cures, whereas @entity3600 alone, in identical dose and schedule, gave no cures. Median survival was 50 days for the @entity14572 - @entity2388 -treated @entity19 , as against 30 days for @entity3600 alone. Therefore, treatment with non-toxic doses of red blood cell metabolic substrates plus optimal timing of chemotherapy, two maneuvers that significantly increased red blood cell deformability, resulted in significant therapeutic benefit.

title: Cure of advanced XXXX after correction of abnormal red blood cell deformability.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pretreatment tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity21923 :: ('CHEBI:50144', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity11748 :: (MESH:D007939,Disease) :: ['L1210 leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: terminal deletions of the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 3 cause a rare @entity2526 characterized by @entity851 , @entity245 , @entity1032 , @entity4238 , @entity4242 and @entity1736 . The phenotype of individuals with deletions varies from normal to severe. It was suggested that a 1,5 Mb minimal terminal deletion including the two genes @entity32167 and @entity40264 is sufficient to cause the syndrome. In addition the @entity43851 gene, mapping at 3p26.3 distally to @entity32167 and @entity40264 , was proposed as candidate gene for a non specific @entity1032 because of its high level of expression in the brain. METHODS AND RESULTS: we describe two affected siblings in which array-CGH analysis disclosed an identical discontinuous terminal 3p26.3 deletion spanning less than 1 Mb. The deletion was transmitted from their normal father and included only the @entity43851 gene. The two brothers present @entity4242 , light @entity1032 , learning and language difficulties but not the typical phenotype manifestations described in @entity36147 . CONCLUSION: a terminal 3p26.3 deletion including only the @entity43851 gene is a very rare finding previously reported only in one family. The phenotype of the affected individuals in the two families is very similar and the deletion has been inherited from an apparently normal parent. As already described for others recurrent syndromes with variable phenotype, these findings are challenging in genetic counselling because of an evident variable penetrance.

title: Microarray based analysis of an inherited terminal 3p26.3 deletion, containing only the XXXX gene, from a normal father to his two affected children.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['contiguous gene disorder']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphisms']

answer: @entity43851 :: (10752,Gene) :: ['CHL1']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, possesses potent anti- @entity5 activity against a variety of malignant cells. However, its action on lymphocytes and the underlying mechanism are not completely understood. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effects of @entity2052 on the proliferation, activation, and apoptosis of @entity19 lymphocytes activated with concanavalin A (ConA). Our results showed that @entity2052 inhibited the proliferation of ConA-activated lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Low-dose @entity2052 ( <= 1.1 mM) enhanced @entity26490 expression on the activated lymphocytes, whereas at high doses (>=  3.3 mM) it decreased @entity26490 expression. Furthermore, @entity2052 reduced activation-induced apoptotic cell death at low doses, but at high doses it promoted apoptotic cell death of activated lymphocytes dramatically. It was found that the @entity1380 / @entity1379 ratio and phosphorylation of histone H2A.X was decreased at low doses of @entity2052 but was increased at high doses. The phosphorylation of @entity10433 was also differentially regulated by different doses of @entity2052 . @entity2052 , at 5 mM induced the phosphorylation of @entity1995 but not JNK and @entity8837 . In addition, @entity2052 induced a dose-dependent increase in the acetylation of histone H3. These results demonstrate that @entity2052 exhibits dose-dependent biphasic effect on apoptosis of activated lymphocytes probably through differential modulation of several apoptosis-related signaling pathways.

title: XXXX exhibits biphasic effects on apoptotic cell death of activated lymphocytes through differential modulation of multiple signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity8837 :: ('26417;26413', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a complex, multifactorial inflammatory @entity272 with genetic and environmental interactions. @entity1 with @entity1569 exhibit @entity527 with itch, but the mechanisms of @entity5144 itch are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate epidermal nerve density and opioid receptor levels in @entity5144 skin with or without itch. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1569 aged between 39 and 82 years were included in this study. The number of epidermal nerve fibres, the levels of @entity22522 ( @entity22522 ) and the expression patterns of  - and k-opioid systems were examined immunohistologically in skin biopsies from @entity5144 @entity1 with or without itch and healthy volunteers as controls. RESULTS: The number of epidermal nerve fibres tended to increase in approximately 40% of @entity5144 @entity1 with itch compared with healthy controls, while such intraepidermal nerves were not observed in other itchy @entity1 . In comparison with healthy controls, @entity22522 levels also tended to decrease in the epidermis of @entity5144 @entity1 with itch. However, no relationship was found between nerve density and @entity22522 levels in the epidermis of @entity5144 @entity1 with itch. The levels of  -opioid receptor and b-endorphin in the epidermis were the same in healthy controls and @entity5144 @entity1 with or without itch. The levels of k-opioid receptor and @entity10813 were significantly decreased in the epidermis of @entity5144 @entity1 with itch compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Based on @entity22522 levels in the epidermis, epidermal opioid systems, rather than hyperinnervation, may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity5144 itch.

title: Evaluation of epidermal nerve density and opioid receptor levels in XXXX itch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous plaques']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic']

entities_list: @entity10813 :: ('MESH:D004399', 'Chemical') :: ['dynorphin A']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic']


abstract: @entity5 from a large colony of over 2000 @entity35 were reviewed by a panel of pathologists under the auspices of Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology, In the course of this study, a distinct @entity5 in 105 @entity35 was segregated and given the name " @entity2058 ." This report describes the histologic features and anatomic distribution of the @entity5 , along with its incidence by age and sex of the @entity35 . The @entity5 is characterized by a spectrum of histologic patterns, one extreme resembling a sarcomatous process and the other a granulomatous process. The exact morphologic composition varied from animal to animal, as well as in @entity5 from the same animal. The sarcomatous pattern is composed of sheets of uniform cells, occasionally exhibiting phagocytosis. The granulomatous pattern contains epithelioid histiocytes, central areas of @entity5 @entity39 surrounded by palisading cells, and multinucleate giant cells. The liver is the organ most commonly containing @entity2058 , both in animals with @entity5 and in those with involvement of only one organ. Hepatic invasion is typified by expansion of the portal areas and infiltration of the sinusoids by @entity5 cells. The lung is the second most common site. The distribution of @entity2 is bronchiolocentric and angiocentric. Other common sites included the lymph node and spleen, along with large soft tissue @entity5 of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Although occasional previous reports apparently have described a similar or identical @entity5 under varying names, no large group of @entity5 of this unique type in @entity35 has been studied and characterized previously.

title: XXXX with a granuloma-like component occurring in a large colony of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'multiple tumors', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumors']

entities_list: @entity2058 :: ('MESH:D054747', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2058 :: (MESH:D054747,Disease) :: ['Histiocytic sarcoma']


abstract: @entity5 from a large colony of over 2000 @entity35 were reviewed by a panel of pathologists under the auspices of Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology, In the course of this study, a distinct @entity5 in 105 @entity35 was segregated and given the name " @entity2058 ." This report describes the histologic features and anatomic distribution of the @entity5 , along with its incidence by age and sex of the @entity35 . The @entity5 is characterized by a spectrum of histologic patterns, one extreme resembling a sarcomatous process and the other a granulomatous process. The exact morphologic composition varied from animal to animal, as well as in @entity5 from the same animal. The sarcomatous pattern is composed of sheets of uniform cells, occasionally exhibiting phagocytosis. The granulomatous pattern contains epithelioid histiocytes, central areas of @entity5 @entity39 surrounded by palisading cells, and multinucleate giant cells. The liver is the organ most commonly containing @entity2058 , both in animals with @entity5 and in those with involvement of only one organ. Hepatic invasion is typified by expansion of the portal areas and infiltration of the sinusoids by @entity5 cells. The lung is the second most common site. The distribution of @entity2 is bronchiolocentric and angiocentric. Other common sites included the lymph node and spleen, along with large soft tissue @entity5 of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Although occasional previous reports apparently have described a similar or identical @entity5 under varying names, no large group of @entity5 of this unique type in @entity35 has been studied and characterized previously.

title: @entity2058 with a granuloma-like component occurring in a large colony of XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may influence risk of @entity65 are still unclear. Impaired fibrinolytic function is associated with an enhanced risk of @entity65 and therefore the effect of HRT on fibrinolysis may be of importance. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prolonged effect of HRT on the fibrinolytic system and to determine whether two common polymorphisms in the @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) genes modulate this effect. METHODS: Healthy postmenopausal @entity1 (n = 248) were randomized to HRT (n = 122) or no substitution (n = 126) 5 years prior to investigation. RESULTS: Significantly higher values of @entity3479 activity and lower values of @entity2289 activity and @entity2289 antigen were found in the HRT group compared with the control group. This effect was independent of smoking and without influence from the two common polymorphisms @entity2289 -675(4G/5G) and @entity3479 intron8ins311. Furthermore, no difference between opposed @entity172 (with @entity5709 as the gestagen component) and unopposed @entity172 therapy was found. Both an intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis were performed and similar results were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with HRT in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 was found to be associated with a beneficial fibrinolytic profile. This effect was found independent of smoking status, opposed and unopposed @entity172 therapy had equal effect, and no influence of the two common polymorphisms @entity2289 -675(4G/5G) and @entity3479 intron8ins311 was found. This effect of HRT on fibrinolytic capacity may be one of the beneficial effects of HRT in relation to @entity65 .

title: Positive impact of hormone replacement therapy on the fibrinolytic system: a long-term randomized controlled study in healthy postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity75 ( @entity75 ), the most common type of cutaneous lesions in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), clinically may not be differentiated from ordinary acne. Disagreement exists as to the exact nature of these acneiform and @entity14663 -like lesions and whether to include them as a major criterion. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether @entity75 can be a useful tool for the diagnosis of @entity195 when non-follicular lesions over the trunk or extremities were selected, and were correlated with histological and/or immunofluorescence study. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity195 (five @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean +/- SEM age, 32 +/- 7.9 years), were enrolled in the study with blind histopathological and immunofluorescence studies. Biopsies of the @entity75 and adjacent (approximately 2 cm distant) normal-appearing skin were performed from the extremities and trunk. Follicle-based @entity75 and those lesions over face were excluded. Histological evaluation primarily included epidermal and dermal alterations, cellular infiltration and vascular changes. We also performed direct immunofluorescence studies, using polyclonal antibodies for IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and fibrin. RESULTS: Lesional specimens of the @entity1 with @entity195 revealed a significant @entity1333 as compared with non-lesional skin (P<0.05). The vessels of the lesional skin showed a higher IgM deposition than non-lesional skin (52.9% and 17.6%) (P<0.05). IgG, C3 and fibrin deposits on the vessels of the lesional skin were also higher than non-lesional skin (35.3, 11.8%; 41.2, 17.6%; and 47.1, 17.6%, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that non-follicular @entity75 over the trunk or extremities are more specific, and immune complex-mediated @entity1333 is likely to be the main feature of these lesions, as they are in other cutaneous lesions of @entity195 .

title: Histological and immunofluorescence findings of non-follicular papulopustular lesions in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['leucocytoclastic vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PPL', 'Papulopustular lesions', 'acneiform lesions']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity75 ( @entity75 ), the most common type of cutaneous lesions in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), clinically may not be differentiated from ordinary acne. Disagreement exists as to the exact nature of these acneiform and @entity14663 -like lesions and whether to include them as a major criterion. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether @entity75 can be a useful tool for the diagnosis of @entity195 when non-follicular lesions over the trunk or extremities were selected, and were correlated with histological and/or immunofluorescence study. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity195 (five @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean +/- SEM age, 32 +/- 7.9 years), were enrolled in the study with blind histopathological and immunofluorescence studies. Biopsies of the @entity75 and adjacent (approximately 2 cm distant) normal-appearing skin were performed from the extremities and trunk. Follicle-based @entity75 and those lesions over face were excluded. Histological evaluation primarily included epidermal and dermal alterations, cellular infiltration and vascular changes. We also performed direct immunofluorescence studies, using polyclonal antibodies for IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and fibrin. RESULTS: Lesional specimens of the @entity1 with @entity195 revealed a significant @entity1333 as compared with non-lesional skin (P<0.05). The vessels of the lesional skin showed a higher IgM deposition than non-lesional skin (52.9% and 17.6%) (P<0.05). IgG, C3 and fibrin deposits on the vessels of the lesional skin were also higher than non-lesional skin (35.3, 11.8%; 41.2, 17.6%; and 47.1, 17.6%, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that non-follicular @entity75 over the trunk or extremities are more specific, and immune complex-mediated @entity1333 is likely to be the main feature of these lesions, as they are in other cutaneous lesions of @entity195 .

title: Histological and immunofluorescence findings of non-follicular papulopustular lesions in XXXX with @entity195 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Blood sucking animals are a rich source of proteinase inhibitors mainly those that interfere in their host hemostatic systems. The tick @entity278 is an ectoparasite of @entity235 and other animals. The aims of this work were the purification and characterization of @entity563 proteinase inhibitors present in @entity278 larvae (RsTI). The inhibitors (RsTI) were isolated by affinity chromatography on trypsin- @entity3367 and ion exchange chromatographies in Resource Q and Mono S columns. These RsTIs were separated in around 12 different protein peaks, when they showed molecular masses between 8 and 18 kDa, by @entity214 -PAGE. Purified RsTIs presented differences in the specificity for different @entity563 proteinases. RsTIQ2 was, better inhibitor than RsTIQ7 and RsTIS5 for neutrophil elastase, plasmin, and HuPK with dissociation constants (K(i)) of 1.3, 3.2, and 22 nM, respectively. Other inhibitors such as RsTIQ7, RsTIS3, and RsTIS5 also affected neutrophil elastase and plasmin with K(i) in the nM range. The RsTIQ2, RsTIQ7, and RsTIS5 @entity535 sequence data allowed classifying them as members of the Kunitz-type @entity563 proteinase inhibitor family, even though the RsTI role is still unknown. Our present results showed that @entity563 proteinase inhibitors from @entity278 are similar to inhibitors from Boophilus microplus other hard tick species, suggesting a similar role of these inhibitors in hard tick species and also as a potential tool to generate or improve vaccine against different ectoparasites with an unique antigen.

title: XXXX trypsin inhibitors present in the tick larvae: isolation, characterization, and partial primary structure determination.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity278 :: ('34632', 'Species') :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus', 'R. sanguineus']

answer: @entity278 :: (34632,Species) :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alefacept is a T cell-modulating biologic therapy for @entity1569 that could affect @entity1 ' ability to mount immune responses. OBJECTIVE: This open-label, phase IV, multicenter study assessed the ability of adults with chronic @entity1569 receiving alefacept to generate antibodies to a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( @entity2286 ). METHODS: @entity1 were treated with a standard 12-week course of alefacept and administered the 23-valent @entity2286 at week 6. Antipneumococcal antibodies were measured at baseline and weeks 6, 9, 12, and 33. The primary end point was the percentage of @entity1 with a 2-fold or greater increase from prevaccination (week 6) to 6 weeks postvaccination (week 12) in antibody titers to 2 or more of 5 designated PPV antigens. RESULTS: Of 43 @entity1 enrolled, 42 were included in the full analysis set, with 86% of @entity1 exhibiting a 2-fold or greater increase and 57% of @entity1 exhibiting a 4-fold or greater increase in antibody titers to 2 or more of 5 designated antigens from prevaccination to 6 weeks postvaccination. At 6 months postvaccination, 78% of @entity1 had a 2-fold or greater increase and 47% of @entity1 had a 4-fold or greater increase in antibody titers to 2 or more of the 5 designated antigens. There were statistically significant increases in mean antibody titers to all 23 antigens in @entity2286 from prevaccination to 6 weeks postvaccination. LIMITATIONS: This was an open-label study with no comparator. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 mounted immune responses to @entity2286 ; increases in antibody titers in these @entity1 were consistent with those seen in healthy individuals.

title: Immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults with chronic XXXX treated with alefacept.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque psoriasis']


abstract: Using surviving @entity35 @entity409 , the influence of blood serum lipoproteins on cellular lysosomes was studied. Lipoproteins were isolated by the preparative isopicnic ultracentrifugation method. Apoproteins were separated by means of delipidation of suitable lipoprotein fractions. After preincubation of @entity409 in media with @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDDLP, VLDLP), apo- @entity2101 and apo-VLDLP, the rise of free acid hydrolase activities was seen. The stability of lysosomes in @entity2421 solutions turned out to be low, and the tendency to lysosomal aggregation increased. Typical peribiliary localization of lysosomes in the cell remained unchanged. Following preincubation of @entity409 with @entity701 , @entity7544 and VLDLP or LDLP, the rise of free lysosomal enzyme activity, greater aggregation and lysosome polymorphism and their less osmotic resistance took place. After liver slice preincubation with hormones and @entity2101 , besides all of these changes, the lysosomal translocation to the nuclei was seen. When apoproteins, separately or together with hormones, were added, the same type of alteration of lysosomal membranes occurred. Our results suggest an importance of lipo (apo) proteins in the control of structure and functions of cellular lysosomal apparatus.

title: [Functional and ultrastructural lysosome changes in surviving XXXX liver sections as affected by blood serum lipoproteins].

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver slices']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high density lipoproteins', 'HDLP']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity7544 :: ('CHEBI:28918', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenalin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The prognosis of adult @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) remains poor. Recent studies in adolescents and young adults reported better outcomes when therapy was intensified. Based on hyper-CVAD ( @entity786 / @entity1891 / @entity632 / @entity619 ) as a backbone, we designed an augmented version with intensified doses of @entity1891 , @entity619 , and asparaginase ( @entity4445 in the first 62 @entity1 and pegaspargase in the remainder) starting from course 1. Ninety @entity1 have been enrolled, with a median age of 34 years (range, 14-70 years). Most @entity1 (78%) had pre-B @entity981 and were in first salvage (76%), with a first remission duration of 12.6 months (range, 1-78 months). Ten @entity1 had primary refractory disease. Of 88 evaluable @entity1 , 41 (47%) achieved complete remission (CR), with a median time to CR of 29 days (range, 18-80 days). Eight @entity1 (9%) died within the first 30 days. Median CR duration, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 5, 6.2, and 6 months, respectively. Median overall survival of CR @entity1 was 10.2 months (range, 1.4-69.5+ months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (32%) proceeded to stem cell transplantation. @entity455 were frequent. Pegaspargase was equally effective and easier to administer than @entity4445 . @entity2915 may be suitable to be studied in younger adults with untreated @entity981 .

title: @entity2915 based on dose-intensified @entity1891 , @entity619 , and asparaginase in adult XXXX salvage therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Myelosuppression-associated complications']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Augmented hyper-CVAD']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The prognosis of adult @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) remains poor. Recent studies in adolescents and young adults reported better outcomes when therapy was intensified. Based on hyper-CVAD ( @entity786 / @entity1891 / @entity632 / @entity619 ) as a backbone, we designed an augmented version with intensified doses of @entity1891 , @entity619 , and asparaginase ( @entity4445 in the first 62 @entity1 and pegaspargase in the remainder) starting from course 1. Ninety @entity1 have been enrolled, with a median age of 34 years (range, 14-70 years). Most @entity1 (78%) had pre-B @entity981 and were in first salvage (76%), with a first remission duration of 12.6 months (range, 1-78 months). Ten @entity1 had primary refractory disease. Of 88 evaluable @entity1 , 41 (47%) achieved complete remission (CR), with a median time to CR of 29 days (range, 18-80 days). Eight @entity1 (9%) died within the first 30 days. Median CR duration, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 5, 6.2, and 6 months, respectively. Median overall survival of CR @entity1 was 10.2 months (range, 1.4-69.5+ months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (32%) proceeded to stem cell transplantation. @entity455 were frequent. Pegaspargase was equally effective and easier to administer than @entity4445 . @entity2915 may be suitable to be studied in younger adults with untreated @entity981 .

title: @entity2915 based on dose-intensified @entity1891 , XXXX , and asparaginase in adult @entity981 salvage therapy.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: The prognosis of adult @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) remains poor. Recent studies in adolescents and young adults reported better outcomes when therapy was intensified. Based on hyper-CVAD ( @entity786 / @entity1891 / @entity632 / @entity619 ) as a backbone, we designed an augmented version with intensified doses of @entity1891 , @entity619 , and asparaginase ( @entity4445 in the first 62 @entity1 and pegaspargase in the remainder) starting from course 1. Ninety @entity1 have been enrolled, with a median age of 34 years (range, 14-70 years). Most @entity1 (78%) had pre-B @entity981 and were in first salvage (76%), with a first remission duration of 12.6 months (range, 1-78 months). Ten @entity1 had primary refractory disease. Of 88 evaluable @entity1 , 41 (47%) achieved complete remission (CR), with a median time to CR of 29 days (range, 18-80 days). Eight @entity1 (9%) died within the first 30 days. Median CR duration, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 5, 6.2, and 6 months, respectively. Median overall survival of CR @entity1 was 10.2 months (range, 1.4-69.5+ months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (32%) proceeded to stem cell transplantation. @entity455 were frequent. Pegaspargase was equally effective and easier to administer than @entity4445 . @entity2915 may be suitable to be studied in younger adults with untreated @entity981 .

title: @entity2915 based on dose-intensified XXXX , @entity619 , and asparaginase in adult @entity981 salvage therapy.

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: The prognosis of adult @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) remains poor. Recent studies in adolescents and young adults reported better outcomes when therapy was intensified. Based on hyper-CVAD ( @entity786 / @entity1891 / @entity632 / @entity619 ) as a backbone, we designed an augmented version with intensified doses of @entity1891 , @entity619 , and asparaginase ( @entity4445 in the first 62 @entity1 and pegaspargase in the remainder) starting from course 1. Ninety @entity1 have been enrolled, with a median age of 34 years (range, 14-70 years). Most @entity1 (78%) had pre-B @entity981 and were in first salvage (76%), with a first remission duration of 12.6 months (range, 1-78 months). Ten @entity1 had primary refractory disease. Of 88 evaluable @entity1 , 41 (47%) achieved complete remission (CR), with a median time to CR of 29 days (range, 18-80 days). Eight @entity1 (9%) died within the first 30 days. Median CR duration, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 5, 6.2, and 6 months, respectively. Median overall survival of CR @entity1 was 10.2 months (range, 1.4-69.5+ months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (32%) proceeded to stem cell transplantation. @entity455 were frequent. Pegaspargase was equally effective and easier to administer than @entity4445 . @entity2915 may be suitable to be studied in younger adults with untreated @entity981 .

title: XXXX based on dose-intensified @entity1891 , @entity619 , and asparaginase in adult @entity981 salvage therapy.

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['Augmented hyper-CVAD']


abstract: Atacicept, a specific inhibitor of BLys and APRIL, was used in a phase I study for 14 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and 4 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 (WM). They received 1 cycle of 5 once-weekly s.c. injections, followed by an extension if in stable disease or in response. The maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Of 11 @entity1 with @entity1582 who completed initial treatment, 5 @entity1 were progression-free after cycle 1 and 4 @entity1 were progression-free after extended therapy. Of 4 @entity1 with WM, 3 @entity1 were progression-free after cycle 1. Polyclonal immunoglobulin isotypes and total B cells were reduced. Plasma concentrations of soluble CD 138 decreased. Biological effect was more pronounced in WM. Of the 16 @entity1 tested at baseline, 13 had measurable levels of free APRIL (>= 25 ng/mL). In this small series, no correlations were apparent between baseline levels of free APRIL and biological or clinical response criteria.

title: Phase I study of atacicept in relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 ( XXXX ) and Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 .

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['MM']


abstract: Atacicept, a specific inhibitor of BLys and APRIL, was used in a phase I study for 14 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and 4 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 (WM). They received 1 cycle of 5 once-weekly s.c. injections, followed by an extension if in stable disease or in response. The maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Of 11 @entity1 with @entity1582 who completed initial treatment, 5 @entity1 were progression-free after cycle 1 and 4 @entity1 were progression-free after extended therapy. Of 4 @entity1 with WM, 3 @entity1 were progression-free after cycle 1. Polyclonal immunoglobulin isotypes and total B cells were reduced. Plasma concentrations of soluble CD 138 decreased. Biological effect was more pronounced in WM. Of the 16 @entity1 tested at baseline, 13 had measurable levels of free APRIL (>= 25 ng/mL). In this small series, no correlations were apparent between baseline levels of free APRIL and biological or clinical response criteria.

title: Phase I study of atacicept in relapsed/refractory multiple XXXX ( @entity1582 ) and Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 .

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']