abstract: We summarize some of the most important findings from research evaluating the hypothesized causes of specific @entity717 (' @entity5545 ') over the past four decades. After outlining components of reading ability, we discuss manifest causes of reading difficulties, in terms of @entity2244 that might lead to such difficulties. The evidence suggests that inadequate facility in word identification due, in most cases, to more @entity51 in alphabetic coding is the basic cause of difficulties in learning to read. We next discuss hypothesized deficiencies in reading-related cognitive abilities as underlying causes of @entity2244 . The evidence in these areas suggests that, in most cases, phonological @entity1957 associated with phonological coding deficits are the probable causes of the disorder rather than visual, semantic, or syntactic deficits, although reading difficulties in some @entity1 may be associated with general language deficits. Hypothesized deficits in general learning abilities (e.g., attention, association learning, cross-modal transfer etc.) and low-level sensory deficits have weak validity as causal factors in specific @entity717 . These inferences are, by and large, supported by research evaluating the biological foundations of @entity5545 . Finally, evidence is presented in support of the idea that many poor readers are impaired because of inadequate instruction or other experiential factors. This does not mean that biological factors are not relevant, because the brain and environment interact to produce the neural networks that support reading acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of the clinical implications of the research findings, focusing on the need for enhanced instruction.

title: Specific @entity717 ( XXXX ): what have we learned in the past four decades?

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in component reading skills']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['skills deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['basic deficits']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reading disability']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: We summarize some of the most important findings from research evaluating the hypothesized causes of specific @entity717 (' @entity5545 ') over the past four decades. After outlining components of reading ability, we discuss manifest causes of reading difficulties, in terms of @entity2244 that might lead to such difficulties. The evidence suggests that inadequate facility in word identification due, in most cases, to more @entity51 in alphabetic coding is the basic cause of difficulties in learning to read. We next discuss hypothesized deficiencies in reading-related cognitive abilities as underlying causes of @entity2244 . The evidence in these areas suggests that, in most cases, phonological @entity1957 associated with phonological coding deficits are the probable causes of the disorder rather than visual, semantic, or syntactic deficits, although reading difficulties in some @entity1 may be associated with general language deficits. Hypothesized deficits in general learning abilities (e.g., attention, association learning, cross-modal transfer etc.) and low-level sensory deficits have weak validity as causal factors in specific @entity717 . These inferences are, by and large, supported by research evaluating the biological foundations of @entity5545 . Finally, evidence is presented in support of the idea that many poor readers are impaired because of inadequate instruction or other experiential factors. This does not mean that biological factors are not relevant, because the brain and environment interact to produce the neural networks that support reading acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of the clinical implications of the research findings, focusing on the need for enhanced instruction.

title: Specific XXXX ( @entity5545 ): what have we learned in the past four decades?

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['reading disability']


abstract: @entity20647 ( @entity20647 ) based therapies are now widely used for the treatment of type 2 @entity6 . Developing our understanding of intestinal @entity20647 release may facilitate the development of new therapeutics aimed at targeting the @entity20647 producing L-cells. This study was undertaken to characterise the electrical activity of primary L-cells and the importance of voltage gated @entity1372 and @entity460 channels for @entity20647 secretion. Primary @entity19 L-cells were identified and purified using @entity19 expressing a fluorescent protein driven by the proglucagon promoter. Fluorescent L-cells were identified within primary colonic cultures for patch clamp recordings. @entity20647 secretion was measured from primary colonic cultures. L-cells purified by flow cytometry were used to measure gene expression by microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. Electrical activity in L-cells was due to large voltage gated @entity1372 currents, inhibition of which by @entity1022 reduced both basal and @entity1160 -stimulated @entity20647 secretion. Voltage gated @entity460 channels were predominantly of the L-type, Q-type and T-type, by expression analysis, consistent with the finding that @entity20647 release was blocked both by @entity594 and   -conotoxin MVIIC. We observed large voltage-dependent @entity972 currents, but only a small @entity34072 sensitive current that might be attributable to @entity37400 . @entity20647 release from primary L-cells is linked to electrical activity and activation of L-type and Q-type @entity460 currents. The concept of an electrically excitable L-cell provides a basis for understanding how @entity20647 release may be modulated by nutrient, hormonal and pharmaceutical stimuli.

title: Electrical activity-triggered glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from primary XXXX L-cells.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity34072 :: ('MESH:C029141', 'Chemical') :: ['chromanol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Approximately 25% of childhood @entity981 carry the @entity9604 / @entity5316 fusion gene. Despite their excellent initial treatment response, up to 20% of @entity1 relapse. To gain insight into the relapse mechanisms, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 18 matched diagnosis and @entity1778 . CNAs were more abundant at relapse than at diagnosis (mean 12.5 vs 7.5 per case; P=.01) with 5.3 shared on average. Their patterns revealed a direct clonal relationship with exclusively new aberrations at relapse in only 21.4%, whereas 78.6% shared a common ancestor and subsequently acquired distinct CNA. Moreover, we identified recurrent, mainly nonoverlapping deletions associated with glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis targeting the @entity58800 ( @entity58800 ) (n=3), glucocorticoid receptor @entity4738 (n=4), and components of the mismatch repair pathways (n=3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization screening of additional 24 relapsed and 72 nonrelapsed @entity9604 / @entity5316 -positive cases demonstrated that @entity58800 deletions were significantly more common in relapse cases (16.6% vs 2.8%; P=.02). Unlike @entity58800 deletions, which were always already present at diagnosis, @entity4738 and mismatch repair aberrations prevailed at relapse. They were all associated with @entity1778 , which poorly responded to treatment. These findings implicate glucocorticoid-associated drug resistance in @entity9604 / @entity5316 -positive relapse pathogenesis and therefore might help to guide future therapies.

title: XXXX / @entity5316 -positive relapses evolve from an ancestral clone and frequently acquire deletions of genes implicated in glucocorticoid signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity58800 :: ('90427', 'Gene') :: ['BMF', 'Bcl2 modifying factor']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['relapse leukemias', 'leukemias']

answer: @entity9604 :: (2120,Gene) :: ['ETV6']


abstract: Approximately 25% of childhood @entity981 carry the @entity9604 / @entity5316 fusion gene. Despite their excellent initial treatment response, up to 20% of @entity1 relapse. To gain insight into the relapse mechanisms, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 18 matched diagnosis and @entity1778 . CNAs were more abundant at relapse than at diagnosis (mean 12.5 vs 7.5 per case; P=.01) with 5.3 shared on average. Their patterns revealed a direct clonal relationship with exclusively new aberrations at relapse in only 21.4%, whereas 78.6% shared a common ancestor and subsequently acquired distinct CNA. Moreover, we identified recurrent, mainly nonoverlapping deletions associated with glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis targeting the @entity58800 ( @entity58800 ) (n=3), glucocorticoid receptor @entity4738 (n=4), and components of the mismatch repair pathways (n=3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization screening of additional 24 relapsed and 72 nonrelapsed @entity9604 / @entity5316 -positive cases demonstrated that @entity58800 deletions were significantly more common in relapse cases (16.6% vs 2.8%; P=.02). Unlike @entity58800 deletions, which were always already present at diagnosis, @entity4738 and mismatch repair aberrations prevailed at relapse. They were all associated with @entity1778 , which poorly responded to treatment. These findings implicate glucocorticoid-associated drug resistance in @entity9604 / @entity5316 -positive relapse pathogenesis and therefore might help to guide future therapies.

title: @entity9604 / XXXX -positive relapses evolve from an ancestral clone and frequently acquire deletions of genes implicated in glucocorticoid signaling.

answer: @entity5316 :: (861,Gene) :: ['RUNX1']


abstract: Sera from 20 of 24 @entity1 with pernicious @entity417 reacted by immunoblotting with a 65-70 kD protein in @entity235 and rodent gastric mucosal cells enriched for 80-90% parietal cells, and in microsomal preparations derived from these cells. All 20 reactive sera were positive for parietal cell microsomal antibody demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Eighteen parietal cell microsomal antibody-positive sera from @entity1 with unconfirmed pernicious @entity417 also reacted with the same 65-70 kD protein. Serum reactivity with the same 65-70 kD protein was not seen with @entity235 and rodent liver cells or with microsomal preparations derived from these cells. Sera from 10 @entity1 with @entity3619 , 10 with @entity2631 and 10 with @entity309 and 22 healthy @entity1 did not react with the 65-70 kD protein. These results suggest that the 65-70 kD protein is probably the parietal cell microsomal autoantigen. A second antigen of 85-90 kD mol. wt. present only in @entity235 @entity356 also correlates with the presence of parietal cell microsomal antibody. However, the contribution of this second antigen to parietal cell microsomal antibody reactivity remains uncertain.

title: 65-70 kD protein identified by immunoblotting as the presumptive gastric microsomal autoantigen in pernicious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal preparations']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: Eighty-eight @entity1 with @entity43 , treated by first-line chemotherapy, achieved a complete clinical response and underwent second-look laparotomy to assess the true pathologic status of their disease. Persistent @entity5 was found in 50 @entity1 (57%). Thirty-two of these (36%) had obvious gross @entity5 , whereas, 16 (18%) had microscopic disease. Thirty-eight @entity1 (43%) had no pathologic evidence of persistent @entity43 . With a follow-up of 6 to 60 months, 30 of these @entity1 (79%) remain without evidence of recurrence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed three covariates that were independently significant in predicting continued disease-free status. These included: the greatest diameter of the largest @entity41 left at the primary operation; histologic features of the @entity5 ; and the diameter of the largest @entity5 aggregate found at initial operation. A mathematical model based on the most significant covariates was designed to assess the relative risk of any @entity1 having persistent @entity5 at second-look laparotomy. A comparison of the predicted to actual outcome revealed a sensitivity of the model of 88%, a specificity of 71%, and an accuracy of 77%. Second-look laparotomy represents the basis on which potentially curative second-line salvage therapy can be initiated. With an increasing period of follow-up and with greater numbers of @entity1 , it can potentially document a complete pathologic response to first-line therapy administered with curative intent, and identify @entity1 for additional, adjunctive therapy, who are at risk of recurrence.

title: A critical reassessment of second-look laparotomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The response to initial treatment with @entity900 -containing combination chemotherapy as well as survival, were correlated with @entity5 differentiation (well, moderate or poorly differentiated) in 164 @entity1 with advanced, untreated @entity957 of the @entity135 . Thirty-three percent of the @entity5 were graded as poorly differentiated, 59% moderately differentiated, and 8% were well differentiated. The overall clinical response rates were nearly equal for the three grades of differentiation: 79% for well differentiated, 86% for moderately differentiated, and 89% for poorly differentiated. The complete response rate was somewhat higher for poorly differentiated @entity5 : 46% as compared to 32% and 29% for moderately and well differentiated respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The median survival for each morphologic group was 22, 16, and 12 months for well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity5 , respectively (P = 0.097). For @entity1 achieving a complete clinical response to chemotherapy, there was a difference in survival when stratified according to degree of histologic differentiation. @entity1 who were complete responders and had well or moderately differentiated @entity5 attained 75% and 38% survival at 36 months, respectively, versus 19% for @entity1 with complete response and poorly differentiated @entity5 (P = 0.064). The degree of differentiation of previously untreated @entity1544 of the @entity135 does not conclusively predict @entity5 response to combination chemotherapy, but may reflect differences in natural history. Survival is improved in @entity1 with differentiated @entity5 as compared to those with poorly differentiated @entity5 . Morphologic grading in @entity1 achieving a complete response reveals a decrease in survival for @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity5 .

title: The impact of conventional morphologic analysis on response rates and survival in @entity1 with @entity135 treated initially with XXXX -containing combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The response to initial treatment with @entity900 -containing combination chemotherapy as well as survival, were correlated with @entity5 differentiation (well, moderate or poorly differentiated) in 164 @entity1 with advanced, untreated @entity957 of the @entity135 . Thirty-three percent of the @entity5 were graded as poorly differentiated, 59% moderately differentiated, and 8% were well differentiated. The overall clinical response rates were nearly equal for the three grades of differentiation: 79% for well differentiated, 86% for moderately differentiated, and 89% for poorly differentiated. The complete response rate was somewhat higher for poorly differentiated @entity5 : 46% as compared to 32% and 29% for moderately and well differentiated respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The median survival for each morphologic group was 22, 16, and 12 months for well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity5 , respectively (P = 0.097). For @entity1 achieving a complete clinical response to chemotherapy, there was a difference in survival when stratified according to degree of histologic differentiation. @entity1 who were complete responders and had well or moderately differentiated @entity5 attained 75% and 38% survival at 36 months, respectively, versus 19% for @entity1 with complete response and poorly differentiated @entity5 (P = 0.064). The degree of differentiation of previously untreated @entity1544 of the @entity135 does not conclusively predict @entity5 response to combination chemotherapy, but may reflect differences in natural history. Survival is improved in @entity1 with differentiated @entity5 as compared to those with poorly differentiated @entity5 . Morphologic grading in @entity1 achieving a complete response reveals a decrease in survival for @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity5 .

title: The impact of conventional morphologic analysis on response rates and survival in @entity1 with XXXX treated initially with @entity900 -containing combination chemotherapy.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['advanced head and neck cancers']


abstract: The response to initial treatment with @entity900 -containing combination chemotherapy as well as survival, were correlated with @entity5 differentiation (well, moderate or poorly differentiated) in 164 @entity1 with advanced, untreated @entity957 of the @entity135 . Thirty-three percent of the @entity5 were graded as poorly differentiated, 59% moderately differentiated, and 8% were well differentiated. The overall clinical response rates were nearly equal for the three grades of differentiation: 79% for well differentiated, 86% for moderately differentiated, and 89% for poorly differentiated. The complete response rate was somewhat higher for poorly differentiated @entity5 : 46% as compared to 32% and 29% for moderately and well differentiated respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The median survival for each morphologic group was 22, 16, and 12 months for well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity5 , respectively (P = 0.097). For @entity1 achieving a complete clinical response to chemotherapy, there was a difference in survival when stratified according to degree of histologic differentiation. @entity1 who were complete responders and had well or moderately differentiated @entity5 attained 75% and 38% survival at 36 months, respectively, versus 19% for @entity1 with complete response and poorly differentiated @entity5 (P = 0.064). The degree of differentiation of previously untreated @entity1544 of the @entity135 does not conclusively predict @entity5 response to combination chemotherapy, but may reflect differences in natural history. Survival is improved in @entity1 with differentiated @entity5 as compared to those with poorly differentiated @entity5 . Morphologic grading in @entity1 achieving a complete response reveals a decrease in survival for @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity5 .

title: The impact of conventional morphologic analysis on response rates and survival in XXXX with @entity135 treated initially with @entity900 -containing combination chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Targeted delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity5 would provide early detection and increased therapeutic efficacy against @entity5 . Here we have screened a phage-displayed peptide library to identify peptides that selectively bind to @entity2 cells. Evaluation of individual phage clones after screening revealed that a phage clone displaying the CSNIDARAC peptide bound to @entity1 @entity2 cells at higher extent than other phage clones. The synthetic CSNIDARAC peptide strongly bound to @entity1 cells and was efficiently internalized into the cells, while little binding of a control peptide was seen. It also preferentially bound to other @entity2 cell lines as compared to cells of different @entity5 types. In vivo imaging of @entity2 was achieved by homing of fluorescence dye-labeled CSNIDARAC peptide to the @entity5 after intravenous injection into @entity19 . Ex vivo imaging and microscopic analysis of isolated organs further demonstrated the targeting of CSNIDARAC peptide to @entity5 . The CSNIDARAC peptide-targeted and @entity632 -loaded liposomes inhibited the @entity5 growth more efficiently than untargeted liposomes or free @entity632 . In vivo imaging of fluorescence dye-labeled liposomes demonstrated selective homing of the CSNIDARAC-liposomes to @entity5 . In the same context, higher levels of @entity632 and apoptosis in @entity5 tissue were observed when treated with the targeted liposomes than untargeted liposomes or free @entity632 . These results suggest that the CSNIDARAC peptide is a promising targeting probe that is able to direct imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity2 .

title: A novel peptide probe for imaging and targeted delivery of liposomal @entity632 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: Targeted delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity5 would provide early detection and increased therapeutic efficacy against @entity5 . Here we have screened a phage-displayed peptide library to identify peptides that selectively bind to @entity2 cells. Evaluation of individual phage clones after screening revealed that a phage clone displaying the CSNIDARAC peptide bound to @entity1 @entity2 cells at higher extent than other phage clones. The synthetic CSNIDARAC peptide strongly bound to @entity1 cells and was efficiently internalized into the cells, while little binding of a control peptide was seen. It also preferentially bound to other @entity2 cell lines as compared to cells of different @entity5 types. In vivo imaging of @entity2 was achieved by homing of fluorescence dye-labeled CSNIDARAC peptide to the @entity5 after intravenous injection into @entity19 . Ex vivo imaging and microscopic analysis of isolated organs further demonstrated the targeting of CSNIDARAC peptide to @entity5 . The CSNIDARAC peptide-targeted and @entity632 -loaded liposomes inhibited the @entity5 growth more efficiently than untargeted liposomes or free @entity632 . In vivo imaging of fluorescence dye-labeled liposomes demonstrated selective homing of the CSNIDARAC-liposomes to @entity5 . In the same context, higher levels of @entity632 and apoptosis in @entity5 tissue were observed when treated with the targeted liposomes than untargeted liposomes or free @entity632 . These results suggest that the CSNIDARAC peptide is a promising targeting probe that is able to direct imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity2 .

title: A novel peptide probe for imaging and targeted delivery of liposomal XXXX to @entity2 .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous drainage in the management of solitary @entity733 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sonography and CT were used in the initial diagnosis of @entity733 in @entity1 with vague left upper @entity158 and/or fever. Solitary @entity733 of nine male @entity1 whose ages varied between 21 and 27 years (mean age: 24.7 years) were percutaneously drained under CT guidance. Puncture with 18-gauge Chiba needles and coaxial guidewire technique was used for insertion of six or eight French pigtail catheters. Antibiotics in accordance with the microbiological results were also given adjuvant to drainage. Follow-up examinations were performed by sonography, daily for the first week and weekly for the next 7 weeks, and by CT at the end of first, fourth and eighth weeks. RESULTS: All @entity1 tolerated the intervention well, except for one complicating with @entity9440 and @entity548 , who underwent emergency splenectomy. The remaining eight @entity1 recovered within 4 weeks without any @entity4558 sequela. A mean of 3.9 days was needed before removing the drainage catheter based on regression criteria. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CT-guided percutaneous @entity733 may be proven effective and is superior to splenectomy in selected cases, as it preserves host immunity.

title: Computed tomography-guided percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['splenic abscess', 'splenic abscesses', 'drainage of splenic abscesses']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['drainage of splenic abscesses']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to verify whether induction of senescence could be sufficient to reverse drug resistance and, if so, to determine the underlying mechanism(s). Our findings indicated that cotreatment of drug-resistant @entity521 cells with @entity632 , at sublethal concentrations, in combination with the pan-caspase inhibitor, @entity43190 , elicited a strong reduction of cell viability that occurred in a caspase-independent manner. This was accompanied by the appearance of a senescence phenotype, as evidenced by increased @entity994 / @entity994 expression and senescence-associated @entity1194 activity. Experiments using specific inhibitors of major cellular proteases other than caspases have shown that inhibition of @entity17913 , but not proteasome or @entity467 , was responsible for the senescence-initiated reversal of drug resistance. This phenomenon appeared to be general because it was valid for other drugs and drug-resistant cell lines. A nonchemical approach, through cell transfection with @entity17913 small interfering RNA, also strongly reversed drug resistance. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that @entity17913 inhibition resulted in the alteration of intracellular drug distribution. In addition, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that @entity994 / @entity994 is a substrate for @entity17913 , suggesting that inhibition of this enzyme may result in @entity994 / @entity994 stabilization and its increased accumulation. All together, these findings suggest that @entity17913 inhibition in drug-resistant cells facilitates induction of senescence and reversal of drug resistance. This may represent the basis for a novel function of @entity17913 as a cell survival molecule responsible for initiation of resistance to chemotherapy.

title: Senescence-initiated reversal of drug resistance: specific role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1194 :: ('2720', 'Gene') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity17913 :: (1514,Gene) :: ['cathepsin L']


abstract: CONTEXT: Some have argued that Canada's uniquely restrictive approach to private health insurance keeps the socioeconomic elite inside the public system so that their demands and influence elevate the standard of service for all Canadian citizens. The extent to which this theory is a valid representation of Canadian health care is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To explore how @entity1 with acute @entity583 from different socioeconomic backgrounds perceive their care in Canada's universal health care system and to correlate @entity1 ' backgrounds and perceptions with actual care received. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective observational cohort study with follow-up telephone interviews of 2256 @entity1 30 days following acute @entity583 discharged from 53 hospitals across Ontario, Canada, between December 1999 and June 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postdischarge use of cardiac specialty services; satisfaction with care; willingness to pay directly for faster service or more choice; and mortality according to income and education, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, clinical factors, onsite angiography capacity at the admitting hospital, and rural-urban residence. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 in lower socioeconomic strata, more affluent or better educated @entity1 were more likely to undergo coronary angiography (67.8% vs 52.8%; P<.001), receive cardiac rehabilitation (43.9% vs 25.6%; P<.001), or be followed up by a cardiologist (56.7% vs 47.8%; P<.001). Socioeconomic differences in cardiac care persisted after adjustment for confounders. Despite receiving more specialized services, @entity1 with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to be dissatisfied with their access to specialty care (adjusted RR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.32) and to favor out-of-pocket payments for quicker access to a wider selection of treatment options (30% vs 15% for @entity1 with household incomes of Can 60 000 dollars or higher vs less than Can 30 000 dollars, respectively; P<.001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with mortality at 1 year following hospitalization for @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with those with lower incomes or less education, upper middle-class Canadians gain preferential access to services within the publicly funded health care system yet remain more likely to favor supplemental coverage or direct purchase of services.

title: Socioeconomic status, service patterns, and perceptions of care among survivors of acute XXXX in Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity55 in @entity1 is common and can lead to grave consequences if not addressed in a proper and timely manner. In the management of @entity55 , early identification of the causative infective agent is of obvious importance for treatment, as it allows selection of the appropriate antibiotics. However, such identification requires laboratory test results, which may not be immediately available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of 13 markers in differentiating between viral and @entity2028 in Han @entity1 (34 healthy controls and 78 @entity1 ). It was found that WBC counts were more accurate in diagnosis of the type of agent responsible for @entity281 than was the degree of expression of @entity518 . Among the 13 markers investigated, @entity518 was the best at discriminating between co-infected (bacterium and virus) and single-infected (bacterium or virus) @entity1 with @entity3127 . @entity518 expression of less than 1.0256, excluded most @entity325 (the negative predictive value was greater than 89.7%). Diagnosed sole @entity5131 clinically overlapped with @entity2028 , but @entity2028 was more often associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)). When the two marker readouts-- @entity518 < 1.0256 and WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)--were combined, the positive predictive value for @entity2028 was 92.3%. These findings can help clinicians discriminate between @entity3127 caused by virus, bacterium or both with a high specificity.

title: The diagnostic accuracy of XXXX protein and twelve other markers in discriminating @entity5131 in Han @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infections']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia alone', 'bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial pneumonia']

answer: @entity518 :: (3146,Gene) :: ['high-mobility group box 1']


abstract: @entity55 in @entity1 is common and can lead to grave consequences if not addressed in a proper and timely manner. In the management of @entity55 , early identification of the causative infective agent is of obvious importance for treatment, as it allows selection of the appropriate antibiotics. However, such identification requires laboratory test results, which may not be immediately available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of 13 markers in differentiating between viral and @entity2028 in Han @entity1 (34 healthy controls and 78 @entity1 ). It was found that WBC counts were more accurate in diagnosis of the type of agent responsible for @entity281 than was the degree of expression of @entity518 . Among the 13 markers investigated, @entity518 was the best at discriminating between co-infected (bacterium and virus) and single-infected (bacterium or virus) @entity1 with @entity3127 . @entity518 expression of less than 1.0256, excluded most @entity325 (the negative predictive value was greater than 89.7%). Diagnosed sole @entity5131 clinically overlapped with @entity2028 , but @entity2028 was more often associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)). When the two marker readouts-- @entity518 < 1.0256 and WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)--were combined, the positive predictive value for @entity2028 was 92.3%. These findings can help clinicians discriminate between @entity3127 caused by virus, bacterium or both with a high specificity.

title: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity518 protein and twelve other markers in discriminating XXXX in Han @entity1 .

answer: @entity5131 :: (MESH:D011024,Disease) :: ['bacterial, viral and co-infected bronchial pneumonia']


abstract: @entity55 in @entity1 is common and can lead to grave consequences if not addressed in a proper and timely manner. In the management of @entity55 , early identification of the causative infective agent is of obvious importance for treatment, as it allows selection of the appropriate antibiotics. However, such identification requires laboratory test results, which may not be immediately available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of 13 markers in differentiating between viral and @entity2028 in Han @entity1 (34 healthy controls and 78 @entity1 ). It was found that WBC counts were more accurate in diagnosis of the type of agent responsible for @entity281 than was the degree of expression of @entity518 . Among the 13 markers investigated, @entity518 was the best at discriminating between co-infected (bacterium and virus) and single-infected (bacterium or virus) @entity1 with @entity3127 . @entity518 expression of less than 1.0256, excluded most @entity325 (the negative predictive value was greater than 89.7%). Diagnosed sole @entity5131 clinically overlapped with @entity2028 , but @entity2028 was more often associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)). When the two marker readouts-- @entity518 < 1.0256 and WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)--were combined, the positive predictive value for @entity2028 was 92.3%. These findings can help clinicians discriminate between @entity3127 caused by virus, bacterium or both with a high specificity.

title: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity518 protein and twelve other markers in discriminating @entity5131 in Han XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: This study aims to analyse the association between ethnicity, elevated metabolic parameters and @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in a multiethnic cohort of overweight to @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: For 1053 @entity1 , standard deviation of body mass index (BMI-SDS) was calculated and metabolic parameters (fasting blood @entity413 , fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-IR, lipids, blood pressure) were measured. @entity209 was defined by WHO criteria. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Adjusted differences in BMI- @entity214 and metabolic parameters between different migration groups were assessed with linear regression models. The risk for @entity209 was calculated with multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Forty-eight per cent of the @entity1 were German, 25% Turkish and 27% had another ethnicity. Concerning weight status, 23% are overweight, 31% @entity28 and 46% extremely @entity28 with higher rates among the immigrant population. Multivariable models indicate significant associations between elevated metabolic parameters and higher BMI-SDS values. Overall prevalence of @entity209 was 32.3%. @entity209 was detected significantly more often among Turkish @entity1 (40.4%) compared to Germans (27.3%; p=0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed a greater risk for @entity209 with older age (OR=1.09; p=0.003) and Turkish ethnicity (OR=1.62; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Nearly all @entity1 had symptoms of @entity209 , and 40% had @entity209 showing that this highly health-threatening condition is quite common. Therefore, effective therapy and prevention efforts must be developed for this high risk group. More migration-specific research regarding insulin resistance, @entity209 and Type 2 @entity3918 is needed.

title: Ethnicity and comorbidities in an overweight and XXXX multiethnic childhood cohort in Berlin.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total elbow arthroplasty is a well-established treatment for the @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity309 . We present the results of what we believe to be the first prospective study of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis. METHODS: Between June 1982 and December 2000, 204 primary total elbow prostheses were inserted in 166 @entity1 who had @entity309 . No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.4 years. All @entity1 were examined preoperatively, at one and two years postoperatively, and at regular intervals thereafter. RESULTS: Six of the 204 elbows had @entity158 at rest at the time of the latest follow-up. Ten @entity1 (ten elbows) without previous @entity16 had development of paresthesias in the distribution of the ulnar nerve postoperatively. @entity1 who had @entity158 at rest or at night and those who had ulnar nerve symptoms preoperatively were found to have a significant chance of having the same complaints postoperatively. @entity158 at rest or at night and a decrease in function during the follow-up period were associated with humeral loosening. Twenty-four elbows had revision of the total elbow prosthesis because of loosening of the humeral component (ten), loosening after @entity174 (six), dislocation (four), @entity281 (two), restricted range of motion (one), or @entity174 of the middle part of the humeral shaft, proximal to the prosthesis (one). One prosthesis was removed because of humeral loosening, and eight were removed because of @entity281 . Another five prostheses were radiographically loose at the time of the latest follow-up. The rate of implant survival, according to the method of Kaplan-Meier, was 77.4% after ten years and 65.2% after eighteen years. CONCLUSIONS: Total elbow replacement is associated with a high complication rate and therefore may be warranted only for seriously disabled @entity1 . Currently, the results associated with the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis are comparable with the results associated with other prostheses, but loosening of the humeral component remains a concern. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Primary Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful elbow joint']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: AIM: To explore success, the percentage of @entity1 who received definitive implants compared to all @entity1 screened, and efficacy, the percentage of @entity1 that had improved in at least 3 of the 5 parameters after 1 year. In addition, we determined if there was a statistically significant reduction in @entity158 and functional limiting. Finally, we wanted to investigate if the different paresthesia coverage has a different outcome after 1 year of @entity602 treatment. METHODS: We studied 170 @entity1 with @entity9 , @entity11252 and @entity455 , who received @entity602 ( @entity602 ) in the last 4 years. We evaluated, at the beginning and after 1 year, the @entity1 with a questionnaire that assessed @entity158 , what kind of function, drug consumption, @entity1 's satisfaction and the improvement in the quality of life. RESULTS: This study showed a success of more than 50% and an efficacy of more than 69.9%, with no significant differences in 3 different @entity1118 conditions. @entity158 and functional limiting presented a statistically significant reduction. Finally, we confirmed that there were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with different paresthesia coverage. CONCLUSION: This prospective study confirmed that @entity602 had good success and efficacy in the treatment of several types of @entity1118 . Finally, our study showed the importance of obtaining paresthesia in the affected area but it is not essential to cover the entire @entity158 area.

title: Prospective study of the success and efficacy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain syndrome']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord stimulation']


abstract: Most individuals with no pre-existing @entity65 have a low risk of experiencing arterial @entity715 . Using the standard Prescrire methodology, we reviewed the literature on the risk-benefit balance of @entity117 in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events. In the general population, a meta-analysis in 95 456 @entity1 suggests that @entity117 has no effect on either total or cardiovascular mortality. @entity117 may slightly reduce the risk of @entity64 in @entity1 and @entity583 in @entity1 , but it increases the risk of @entity548 . It is unclear whether the benefits outweigh the risks. @entity117 does not reduce mortality in the elderly. in one trial, @entity117 reduced the risk of @entity64 and @entity583 in @entity1 aged 65 and over. However, the risk of @entity1779 associated with @entity117 increases with age. Therefore, the risk-benefit balance of @entity117 in primary cardiovascular prevention in the elderly is uncertain. @entity117 is more beneficial in @entity1 with cardiovascular risk factors, but the @entity548 risk is sometimes higher too. In clinical trials, @entity117 did not reduce either total or cardiovascular mortality in @entity101 or @entity6 @entity1 . In contrast, it reduced the risk of @entity583 in @entity101 @entity1 and @entity6 @entity1 . @entity117 did not prevent cardiovascular events in smokers, and has not been assessed in @entity1 with hypercholesterolaemia. In practice, the risks outweigh the benefits when @entity117 is used to prevent a first thrombotic event in @entity1 at low risk. When the cardiovascular risk is higher than in the general population, for example in @entity1 with risk factors, the weak preventive effects of @entity117 on @entity583 and @entity64 may outweigh the small extra risk of @entity548 . The possible value of @entity117 for cardiovascular prevention should be discussed with each individual @entity1 . In general, it is preferable to recommend measures with a proven impact on mortality, such as dietary changes, smoking cessation, or drug therapy for @entity1 with risk factors.

title: XXXX and primary cardiovascular prevention. Uncertain balance between benefits and risks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1419 usually presents late in the clinical course and has a poor prognosis. No effective systemic therapy is currently available. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of the ECF regimen ( @entity1259 , @entity900 . and 24-h continuous infusion of @entity1487 ) in advanced @entity1419 . @entity1 AND METHOD: On day 1, @entity1259 50 mg/m(2) and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) were administered i.v., repeated every 21 days. @entity1487 (200 mg/m(2)/day was given continuous i.v. via an ambulatory infusion pump throughout the treatment course. A total of 24 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) with advanced @entity1419 between August 1996 and April 2002 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Of the 20 evaluable @entity1 , two had partial response (10%) and nine had stable disease (45%), including two minor response. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in six @entity1 , while grade 3/4 @entity882 was seen in five @entity1 . There was no @entity281 or @entity548 during any of the cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: ECF regimen is well-tolerated but is not an effective treatment for advanced @entity1419 . Newer clinical trials with combination drugs should be developed.

title: XXXX , @entity900 , and protracted infusion of @entity1487 (ECF) in advanced @entity1419 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['Epirubicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1419 usually presents late in the clinical course and has a poor prognosis. No effective systemic therapy is currently available. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of the ECF regimen ( @entity1259 , @entity900 . and 24-h continuous infusion of @entity1487 ) in advanced @entity1419 . @entity1 AND METHOD: On day 1, @entity1259 50 mg/m(2) and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) were administered i.v., repeated every 21 days. @entity1487 (200 mg/m(2)/day was given continuous i.v. via an ambulatory infusion pump throughout the treatment course. A total of 24 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) with advanced @entity1419 between August 1996 and April 2002 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Of the 20 evaluable @entity1 , two had partial response (10%) and nine had stable disease (45%), including two minor response. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in six @entity1 , while grade 3/4 @entity882 was seen in five @entity1 . There was no @entity281 or @entity548 during any of the cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: ECF regimen is well-tolerated but is not an effective treatment for advanced @entity1419 . Newer clinical trials with combination drugs should be developed.

title: @entity1259 , @entity900 , and protracted infusion of @entity1487 (ECF) in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1419 usually presents late in the clinical course and has a poor prognosis. No effective systemic therapy is currently available. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of the ECF regimen ( @entity1259 , @entity900 . and 24-h continuous infusion of @entity1487 ) in advanced @entity1419 . @entity1 AND METHOD: On day 1, @entity1259 50 mg/m(2) and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) were administered i.v., repeated every 21 days. @entity1487 (200 mg/m(2)/day was given continuous i.v. via an ambulatory infusion pump throughout the treatment course. A total of 24 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) with advanced @entity1419 between August 1996 and April 2002 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Of the 20 evaluable @entity1 , two had partial response (10%) and nine had stable disease (45%), including two minor response. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in six @entity1 , while grade 3/4 @entity882 was seen in five @entity1 . There was no @entity281 or @entity548 during any of the cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: ECF regimen is well-tolerated but is not an effective treatment for advanced @entity1419 . Newer clinical trials with combination drugs should be developed.

title: @entity1259 , @entity900 , and protracted infusion of XXXX (ECF) in advanced @entity1419 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1419 usually presents late in the clinical course and has a poor prognosis. No effective systemic therapy is currently available. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of the ECF regimen ( @entity1259 , @entity900 . and 24-h continuous infusion of @entity1487 ) in advanced @entity1419 . @entity1 AND METHOD: On day 1, @entity1259 50 mg/m(2) and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) were administered i.v., repeated every 21 days. @entity1487 (200 mg/m(2)/day was given continuous i.v. via an ambulatory infusion pump throughout the treatment course. A total of 24 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) with advanced @entity1419 between August 1996 and April 2002 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Of the 20 evaluable @entity1 , two had partial response (10%) and nine had stable disease (45%), including two minor response. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in six @entity1 , while grade 3/4 @entity882 was seen in five @entity1 . There was no @entity281 or @entity548 during any of the cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: ECF regimen is well-tolerated but is not an effective treatment for advanced @entity1419 . Newer clinical trials with combination drugs should be developed.

title: @entity1259 , XXXX , and protracted infusion of @entity1487 (ECF) in advanced @entity1419 .

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 , cardiac morphological adaptations to athletic training have been exhaustively described, while the existence of morphologic (adaptive) changes in the peripheral vessels are less well known. Therefore, the scope of the present study was 1) to assess the existence of morphologic changes in the peripheral vessels, such as the common femoral artery ( @entity3795 ), in @entity2587 engaged in different types of sports; and 2) to assess the relationship existing between the cardiac and @entity3795 changes in highly endurance- ( N = 16) and strength-trained @entity2587 ( N = 15), and in sedentary controls ( N = 20). METHODS: The cross-sectional diameters of the left ventricular (LV) posterior wall and cavity and @entity3795 diameter and intima-media thickness were determined by M-mode echocardiography and ultrasound, respectively. RESULTS: @entity3795 intima-media thickness in the endurance-trained (0.33 +/- 0.03 mm.m(-2) ) was similar to the strength-trained @entity2587 (0.34 +/- 0.05 mm.m(-2) ) and both greater (P < 0.01) compared with the controls (0.27 +/- 0.03 mm.m(-2) ). @entity3795 diameter in endurance-trained @entity2587 (5.6 +/- 0.6 mm.m(-2) ) was highest among groups (strength-trained @entity2587 4.2 +/- 0.4 mm.m(-2), controls 4.2 +/- 0.5 mm.m(-2) ). Thus, the relative @entity3795 wall thickness (2.intima-media thickness/ @entity3795 diameter) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the strength-trained (0.16 +/- 0.02) than in the endurance-trained @entity2587 (0.13 +/- 0.02) and the controls (0.13 +/- 0.02), respectively. The relative LV posterior wall thickness (2.LV posterior wall thickness/LV diameter) was not significantly different among the groups. LV posterior wall thickness was significantly related to @entity3795 intima-media thickness (r = 0.31, P < 0.05) and LV diameter to @entity3795 diameter (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows a physiological relationship between the LV and @entity3795 wall and cavity dimensions in endurance-trained @entity2587 and controls, respectively. The greater relative wall thickness of the strength-trained @entity2587 may be related to different influencing factors, e.g., increased blood pressure.

title: The relationship of left ventricular to femoral artery structure in male XXXX .

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion by means of a balloon occlusion technique was evaluated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity320 of the lower limbs who were non-responders to isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion or who were not eligible for this procedure. A pilot study was performed in 17 @entity1 , who underwent @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion with 50 mg/m(2) of @entity3601 or 50 mg/m(2) of melphalan and 25 mg/m(2) of @entity1138 . Each procedure was followed by haemofiltration. A leakage monitoring study was performed in five of the 17 @entity1 . The response rate and time to disease progression were the primary endpoints, with overall survival as the secondary endpoint. During the procedures there were no technical, @entity455 , and no @entity204 occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period. Significant leakage (median 40%) was measured in the five @entity1 studied. No severe @entity137 was observed. After one course of treatment, the objective response rate was 47% (95% confidence interval 22.5-71.5%), the median time to disease progression was 10 months (range 2-40 months), and the 3 year overall survival was 20%. @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion seems to be a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 with unresectable recurrent limb @entity320 who are not eligible for isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion. Due to the non-homogeneity of the study, with some @entity1 receiving a combination of melphalan and @entity1138 and others receiving only melphalan, it is not possible to make definite conclusions with regard to efficacy. Further studies are necessary to establish whether the response rates can be improved by using different drug regimens.

title: XXXX pelvic and limb perfusion with melphalan and @entity1138 for recurrent limb @entity320 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic or vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or regional toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic']


abstract: @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion by means of a balloon occlusion technique was evaluated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity320 of the lower limbs who were non-responders to isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion or who were not eligible for this procedure. A pilot study was performed in 17 @entity1 , who underwent @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion with 50 mg/m(2) of @entity3601 or 50 mg/m(2) of melphalan and 25 mg/m(2) of @entity1138 . Each procedure was followed by haemofiltration. A leakage monitoring study was performed in five of the 17 @entity1 . The response rate and time to disease progression were the primary endpoints, with overall survival as the secondary endpoint. During the procedures there were no technical, @entity455 , and no @entity204 occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period. Significant leakage (median 40%) was measured in the five @entity1 studied. No severe @entity137 was observed. After one course of treatment, the objective response rate was 47% (95% confidence interval 22.5-71.5%), the median time to disease progression was 10 months (range 2-40 months), and the 3 year overall survival was 20%. @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion seems to be a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 with unresectable recurrent limb @entity320 who are not eligible for isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion. Due to the non-homogeneity of the study, with some @entity1 receiving a combination of melphalan and @entity1138 and others receiving only melphalan, it is not possible to make definite conclusions with regard to efficacy. Further studies are necessary to establish whether the response rates can be improved by using different drug regimens.

title: @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion with melphalan and XXXX for recurrent limb @entity320 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion by means of a balloon occlusion technique was evaluated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity320 of the lower limbs who were non-responders to isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion or who were not eligible for this procedure. A pilot study was performed in 17 @entity1 , who underwent @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion with 50 mg/m(2) of @entity3601 or 50 mg/m(2) of melphalan and 25 mg/m(2) of @entity1138 . Each procedure was followed by haemofiltration. A leakage monitoring study was performed in five of the 17 @entity1 . The response rate and time to disease progression were the primary endpoints, with overall survival as the secondary endpoint. During the procedures there were no technical, @entity455 , and no @entity204 occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period. Significant leakage (median 40%) was measured in the five @entity1 studied. No severe @entity137 was observed. After one course of treatment, the objective response rate was 47% (95% confidence interval 22.5-71.5%), the median time to disease progression was 10 months (range 2-40 months), and the 3 year overall survival was 20%. @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion seems to be a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 with unresectable recurrent limb @entity320 who are not eligible for isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion. Due to the non-homogeneity of the study, with some @entity1 receiving a combination of melphalan and @entity1138 and others receiving only melphalan, it is not possible to make definite conclusions with regard to efficacy. Further studies are necessary to establish whether the response rates can be improved by using different drug regimens.

title: @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion with melphalan and @entity1138 for recurrent limb XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and @entity137 of @entity1205 in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) after cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal involvement of gynecological @entity5 , mainly @entity43 . Eighteen @entity1 , with a mean age of 64 years (range 51-80), underwent cytoreductive surgery and subsequent @entity298 with 75 mg/m2 @entity1205 at 41-43 degrees C. One @entity1 was treated twice. In eight cases, peritoneal fluid and blood samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic analysis. @entity204 occurred in two heavily pretreated elderly @entity1 with a high volume i.p. @entity5 recurrence, probably reflecting poor @entity1 selection (mortality rate 10.5%). Other complications, mainly minor, were recorded after 63% of the procedures. Hematological @entity1205 -induced @entity137 was limited, while the incidence of wound complications was relatively high and probably caused by the direct exposure of the wound to @entity1205 during @entity298 . The maximal i.p. versus plasma concentration ratio ranged from 17 to 95 (average 45), while the i.p. versus systemic exposure ratio varied between 105 and 555 (average 207). We conclude that the use of @entity1205 in @entity298 following cytoreductive surgery seems feasible and results in a high i.p. versus systemic exposure ratio. The AUC for the peritoneal cavity is on average 13-27 times higher after i.p. administration of 75 mg/m2 during @entity298 than the AUC achieved in the systemic compartment after i.v. administration of the recommended dose of 100 mg/m2, while @entity1205 -induced systemic @entity137 is highly limited.

title: Pharmacokinetic study of @entity1205 in intraoperative hyperthermic i.p. chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['continuous hyperthermic perfusion peritoneal chemotherapy', 'CHPPC']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and @entity137 of @entity1205 in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) after cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal involvement of gynecological @entity5 , mainly @entity43 . Eighteen @entity1 , with a mean age of 64 years (range 51-80), underwent cytoreductive surgery and subsequent @entity298 with 75 mg/m2 @entity1205 at 41-43 degrees C. One @entity1 was treated twice. In eight cases, peritoneal fluid and blood samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic analysis. @entity204 occurred in two heavily pretreated elderly @entity1 with a high volume i.p. @entity5 recurrence, probably reflecting poor @entity1 selection (mortality rate 10.5%). Other complications, mainly minor, were recorded after 63% of the procedures. Hematological @entity1205 -induced @entity137 was limited, while the incidence of wound complications was relatively high and probably caused by the direct exposure of the wound to @entity1205 during @entity298 . The maximal i.p. versus plasma concentration ratio ranged from 17 to 95 (average 45), while the i.p. versus systemic exposure ratio varied between 105 and 555 (average 207). We conclude that the use of @entity1205 in @entity298 following cytoreductive surgery seems feasible and results in a high i.p. versus systemic exposure ratio. The AUC for the peritoneal cavity is on average 13-27 times higher after i.p. administration of 75 mg/m2 during @entity298 than the AUC achieved in the systemic compartment after i.v. administration of the recommended dose of 100 mg/m2, while @entity1205 -induced systemic @entity137 is highly limited.

title: Pharmacokinetic study of XXXX in intraoperative hyperthermic i.p. chemotherapy for @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity397 of an @entity42 is among the most frequent causes of @entity18767 in @entity1 , and especially in young @entity1 . An ultrasound (US) examination performed in emergency allows the easy detection of fluids leaking into the abdomen. It may however be difficult to establish whether this fluid is blood and identify the cyst or the signs of a @entity397 . The aim of the present study was the assessment of CT diagnostic capabilities in cases of @entity18767 following @entity397 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT abdominal studies performed in emergency in 15 @entity1 with surgical findings of @entity42 and consequent @entity18767 were retro-spectively reviewed. An ultrasound examination carried out in 12 @entity1 was positive in all cases for abdominal effusion, without however confirming the presence of an @entity42 or without definitely defining the @entity397 . Spiral CT examinations were performed with a preliminary unenhanced study of the abdomen (10-mm thickness image acquisitions, 10-mm intervals) and with scans obtained after injection of 150 cc of contrast medium (c.m.) at the speed of 2 cc/sec, 60-sec delay; late-phase acquisition scans of the pelvic cavity were obtained in eight of the 15 @entity1 . RESULTS: CT imaging allowed the depiction of the effusion in all cases. This was limited to the pelvic cavity in five cases and extended to the upper abdomen in the remaining ten @entity1 ; in seven of these ten cases, a difference in the density between the upper abdomen and the pelvic cavity was detected. An @entity42 was visualized in 11 @entity1 ; in eight of them, an irregular opacification of the walls was recorded, suggesting the diagnosis of @entity397 . In the remaining four cases, a c.m. extravasation was observed, starting from the adnexal region, intracystic in one of them. In all these @entity1 , a hyperdense collection in the pelvic cavity was documented in late-phase acquisitions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: CT imaging in cases of @entity548 due to @entity42 permits the acquisition of useful diagnostic information: a different effusion density in the pelvic cavity and in the upper abdomen, the direct visualization of the @entity3928 (even when involved in a large effusion), the irregularity of opacified cystic walls (a sign of @entity397 ), and finally, the direct extravasion and collection of the c.m. in the pelvic cavity. These is fundamental information in those cases in whom US findings are negative or doubtful.

title: XXXX following @entity42 : CT usefulness in the diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst rupture', 'ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['cystic rupture', 'rupture', 'cyst rupture']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

answer: @entity18767 :: (MESH:D006465,Disease) :: ['Hemoperitoneum']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity397 of an @entity42 is among the most frequent causes of @entity18767 in @entity1 , and especially in young @entity1 . An ultrasound (US) examination performed in emergency allows the easy detection of fluids leaking into the abdomen. It may however be difficult to establish whether this fluid is blood and identify the cyst or the signs of a @entity397 . The aim of the present study was the assessment of CT diagnostic capabilities in cases of @entity18767 following @entity397 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT abdominal studies performed in emergency in 15 @entity1 with surgical findings of @entity42 and consequent @entity18767 were retro-spectively reviewed. An ultrasound examination carried out in 12 @entity1 was positive in all cases for abdominal effusion, without however confirming the presence of an @entity42 or without definitely defining the @entity397 . Spiral CT examinations were performed with a preliminary unenhanced study of the abdomen (10-mm thickness image acquisitions, 10-mm intervals) and with scans obtained after injection of 150 cc of contrast medium (c.m.) at the speed of 2 cc/sec, 60-sec delay; late-phase acquisition scans of the pelvic cavity were obtained in eight of the 15 @entity1 . RESULTS: CT imaging allowed the depiction of the effusion in all cases. This was limited to the pelvic cavity in five cases and extended to the upper abdomen in the remaining ten @entity1 ; in seven of these ten cases, a difference in the density between the upper abdomen and the pelvic cavity was detected. An @entity42 was visualized in 11 @entity1 ; in eight of them, an irregular opacification of the walls was recorded, suggesting the diagnosis of @entity397 . In the remaining four cases, a c.m. extravasation was observed, starting from the adnexal region, intracystic in one of them. In all these @entity1 , a hyperdense collection in the pelvic cavity was documented in late-phase acquisitions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: CT imaging in cases of @entity548 due to @entity42 permits the acquisition of useful diagnostic information: a different effusion density in the pelvic cavity and in the upper abdomen, the direct visualization of the @entity3928 (even when involved in a large effusion), the irregularity of opacified cystic walls (a sign of @entity397 ), and finally, the direct extravasion and collection of the c.m. in the pelvic cavity. These is fundamental information in those cases in whom US findings are negative or doubtful.

title: @entity18767 following XXXX : CT usefulness in the diagnosis.

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cyst rupture']


abstract: It has been postulated that paternal gonadal exposure would increase the sex ratio by inducing X-chromosomal dominant lethals but that maternal gonadal exposure would decrease the sex ratio by inducing @entity1112 . We therefore evaluated the sex ratio (male-to-female ratio) of @entity1 born to survivors of childhood @entity5 in Denmark. @entity1 with @entity5 were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry from 1943 to 1996 and their offspring from the Central Population Registry. Radiation treatments were determined from records within the Cancer Registry and gonadal radiation exposures were estimated based on the @entity5 being treated and the likely proximity of the radiation fields to the gonads. Overall, 1100 survivors of childhood @entity5 became the parents of 2130 @entity1 . The sex ratio for male (0.99) and female (1.00) @entity5 survivors was similar and did not differ significantly from the Danish population (1.06). Radiotherapy did not influence the sex ratio of the @entity1 of either male or female survivors, and there was no evidence for dose-related changes over categories of estimated dose to parental gonads. We saw no consistent association between the sex ratio and the interval between @entity5 diagnosis of the parent and birth of the @entity1 . This nationwide study provides no support for the hypothesis that radiation exposure to the gonads results in an inherited genetic effect that would be manifested by a change in the sex ratio of @entity1 born after exposure. It may be, however, that sex ratio alterations are not a good or even a valid indicator of possible genetic effects in @entity1 .

title: Sex ratio among offspring of childhood XXXX survivors treated with radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['recessive sex-linked lethals']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Knowledge of the function of the cell cycle checkpoints in @entity5 cells may be important to develop treatment strategies for @entity1 @entity5 . The protein @entity876 is an important factor that regulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis in response to drugs. In @entity1 @entity3620 , @entity876 is generally not mutated, but may be inactivated by SV40 early region T antigen (SV40 Tag). However, the function of @entity876 has not been investigated in @entity2615 cells. Here, we investigated the function of the cell cycle checkpoints in six @entity1 @entity2615 cell lines (HMCLs) by studying the cell distribution in the different phases of the cell cycle by flow cytometry, and expression of cell cycle proteins, @entity876 , @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ). In addition, we studied @entity876 gene mutations and expression of SV40 Tag. After exposure to gamma-radiation, HMCLs were arrested either in one or both phases of the cell cycle, demonstrating a heterogeneity in cell cycle control. G1 arrest was @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )- and @entity876 -dependent. Lack of arrest in G1 was not related to @entity876 mutation or binding to SV40 Tag, except in one HMCL presenting a missense mutation at codon 248. These results may help us to understand @entity2615 and develop new treatments.

title: Cell cycle checkpoint status in @entity1 XXXX cell lines: response to gamma radiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: Knowledge of the function of the cell cycle checkpoints in @entity5 cells may be important to develop treatment strategies for @entity1 @entity5 . The protein @entity876 is an important factor that regulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis in response to drugs. In @entity1 @entity3620 , @entity876 is generally not mutated, but may be inactivated by SV40 early region T antigen (SV40 Tag). However, the function of @entity876 has not been investigated in @entity2615 cells. Here, we investigated the function of the cell cycle checkpoints in six @entity1 @entity2615 cell lines (HMCLs) by studying the cell distribution in the different phases of the cell cycle by flow cytometry, and expression of cell cycle proteins, @entity876 , @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ). In addition, we studied @entity876 gene mutations and expression of SV40 Tag. After exposure to gamma-radiation, HMCLs were arrested either in one or both phases of the cell cycle, demonstrating a heterogeneity in cell cycle control. G1 arrest was @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )- and @entity876 -dependent. Lack of arrest in G1 was not related to @entity876 mutation or binding to SV40 Tag, except in one HMCL presenting a missense mutation at codon 248. These results may help us to understand @entity2615 and develop new treatments.

title: Cell cycle checkpoint status in XXXX @entity3620 cell lines: response to gamma radiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The degranulatory activity of @entity53 was tested on blood eosinophil leukocytes in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of adult ovariectomized @entity35 with 30 micrograms @entity53 /100 g body wt. increased the percentage of degranulated eosinophils from 10% to about 70% at 6 or 24 h after treatment, and increased the rate of in vitro eosinophil degranulation of those eosinophils that were non-degranulated at the time of blood sample collection. The addition of @entity53 to blood samples from untreated ovariectomized @entity35 (0.05 micrograms/ml) increased the percentage of eosinophils degranulated in vitro at 1 h of incubation from 20% to near 60%. It is suggested that @entity172 acts directly on the eosinophils, probably via specific hormone receptors. Considering the hypothesis that eosinophils are involved in the mediation of a group of responses to @entity172 in the uterus, it is proposed that the hormone-induced degranulation of these cells may have physiological implications in the regulation of the intensity and duration of the eosinophil-mediated responses. In addition, @entity172 -induced eosinophil degranulation may interfere with the action of eosinophils that have migrated to other target organs (lymphoid organs, etc.) under the action of other agents (glucocorticoid hormones, @entity112 , etc.) or conditions (immune reactions, etc.).

title: Degranulatory action of XXXX on blood eosinophil leukocytes in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether luteal E(2) administration reduces size discrepancies of early antral follicles. DESIGN: Prospective, crossover study. SETTING: ART unit, Clamart, France. @entity1 (S): Sixty @entity1 and 120 cycles. INTERVENTION(S): On cycle day 3 (baseline day 3), all @entity1 underwent measurements of early antral follicles by ultrasound and serum FSH and ovarian hormones. From day 20 until the next cycle day 2, 30 of them received oral 17beta-E(2), whereas the remaining @entity1 served as controls. The day after E(2) discontinuation (E(2) day 3) or on subsequent cycle day 3 (control day 3), @entity1 were reevaluated as on baseline day 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Magnitude of follicular size discrepancies. RESULT(S): Follicular size discrepancies and follicular diameters were significantly attenuated on E(2) day 3 (3.7 +/- 0.5 mm) as compared with baseline day 3 (4.9 +/- 1.0 mm), but not in controls (5.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.8 mm). FSH (4.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 7.3 +/- 3.3 mIU/mL) and inhibin B (34 +/- 28 vs. 71 +/- 32 pg/mL) levels were consistently lower on E(2) day 3 than on baseline day 3 but remained unchanged in controls. CONCLUSION(S): Luteal E(2) administration reduces the size and improves the homogeneity of early antral follicles on day 3. This approach may be instrumental in synchronizing follicular development during controlled @entity43 .

title: Coordination of early antral follicles by luteal estradiol administration provides a basis for alternative controlled XXXX regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENT', 'women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']


abstract: @entity308 is a frequent but often unrecognized and under treated complication of @entity64 that has scarcely been investigated in animal models particularly regarding treatment issues. Using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and testing spontaneous motor activity, we studied whether a transient focal @entity2806 modifies @entity19 behaviours and antidepressant drug effects. We first evaluated whether FST realized 2 days or 1 week after brain reperfusion may be routinely used in male Swiss @entity19 previously submitted to a 15, 30 or 60-min transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. We then evaluated behavioural changes up to 5 weeks in @entity19 previously submitted to a 15-min @entity63 . Behaviours according to the administration of @entity2645 or @entity3755 at 1 and 5 weeks after a 15-min @entity63 were finally evaluated. Transient @entity63 was associated with a decrease in immobility in the FST performed 2 days after reperfusion while no changes were observed in 1 and 5 weeks post- @entity63 groups. Changes were related neither to @entity2806 duration nor to @entity1188 volume. At both 1 and 5 weeks after @entity2806 , a dramatic decrease in the antidepressant response to @entity2645 related to a decrease in climbing behaviour was observed while the effects of @entity3755 were improved through an increase in both climbing and swimming. Behaviours in the FST were unrelated to any spontaneous motor activity changes. Responses to anti-depressant drugs are strongly modified in @entity19 previously submitted to @entity2806 . Present results underline that not all antidepressant drugs are appropriate after @entity385 .

title: XXXX changes the long term response to antidepressant drugs in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Brain ischemia']


abstract: @entity308 is a frequent but often unrecognized and under treated complication of @entity64 that has scarcely been investigated in animal models particularly regarding treatment issues. Using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and testing spontaneous motor activity, we studied whether a transient focal @entity2806 modifies @entity19 behaviours and antidepressant drug effects. We first evaluated whether FST realized 2 days or 1 week after brain reperfusion may be routinely used in male Swiss @entity19 previously submitted to a 15, 30 or 60-min transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. We then evaluated behavioural changes up to 5 weeks in @entity19 previously submitted to a 15-min @entity63 . Behaviours according to the administration of @entity2645 or @entity3755 at 1 and 5 weeks after a 15-min @entity63 were finally evaluated. Transient @entity63 was associated with a decrease in immobility in the FST performed 2 days after reperfusion while no changes were observed in 1 and 5 weeks post- @entity63 groups. Changes were related neither to @entity2806 duration nor to @entity1188 volume. At both 1 and 5 weeks after @entity2806 , a dramatic decrease in the antidepressant response to @entity2645 related to a decrease in climbing behaviour was observed while the effects of @entity3755 were improved through an increase in both climbing and swimming. Behaviours in the FST were unrelated to any spontaneous motor activity changes. Responses to anti-depressant drugs are strongly modified in @entity19 previously submitted to @entity2806 . Present results underline that not all antidepressant drugs are appropriate after @entity385 .

title: @entity2806 changes the long term response to antidepressant drugs in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The overwintering potential of the @entity19428 , @entity19428 (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in cold winter areas within its northern distribution is a key element in understanding its ecology. Recent studies have suggested that although originating in tropical Africa, the @entity238 has become adapted to the cold weather that prevails within its northernmost areas of distribution. We address the question of whether the @entity19428 has expanded its overwintering range to include the mountains of central Israel. Doing so would imply that the @entity238 has developed either a behavioral or a physiological mechanism to cope with low temperature and/or damp conditions in combination with cold. We monitored adult populations year round, sampling fruit, calculating expected emergence days for overwintering flies, and studying adults captured within dense and sparse apple orchards. We also performed several manipulative experiments to study preimago ability to survive the winter under natural or seminatural conditions. The study was conducted in the central mountains of Israel at 700-m altitude from 1994 to 2003. Comparison experiments also were conducted at 400 m and at sea level. Our results show 1) no adults captured during the winter and spring, 2) an absence of new @entity277 during the winter and spring, and 3) inability of preimago stages to overwinter in the central mountains of Israel. Thus, we conclude that the @entity238 does not overwinter in the central mountains of Israel. We discuss the ecological and applied significance of our findings.

title: Inability of XXXX (Diptera: Tephritidae) to overwinter in the Judean hills.

entities_list: @entity19428 :: ('7213', 'Species') :: ['Mediterranean fruit fly', 'Ceratitis capitata']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations']

answer: @entity19428 :: (7213,Species) :: ['Ceratitis capitata']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a phase II study of oral @entity782 , a histone and protein deacetylase inhibitor, to examine its efficacy and tolerability in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity706 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this open label phase II study (NCT00253630), @entity1 with relapsed/ @entity706 (FL), @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ), or @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ), with  <= 4 prior therapies were eligible. Oral @entity782 was administered at a dose of 200 mg twice daily on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), with secondary end points of progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression, duration of response, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS: All 35 eligible @entity1 were evaluable for response. The median number of @entity782 cycles received was nine. ORR was 29% (five complete responses [CR] and five partial responses [PR]). For 17 @entity1 with FL, ORR was 47% (four CR, four PR). There were two of nine responders with @entity1074 (one CR, one PR), and no formal responders among the nine @entity1 with @entity1073 , although one @entity1 maintained stable disease for 26 months. Median PFS was 15.6 months for @entity1 with FL, 5.9 months for @entity1073 , and 18.8 months for @entity1074 . The drug was well-tolerated over long periods of treatment, with the most common grade 3 adverse events being @entity882 , @entity417 , @entity1210 , and @entity1295 . CONCLUSION: Oral @entity782 is a promising agent in FL and @entity1074 , with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies in combination with other active agents in this setting are warranted.

title: Phase II study of @entity782 for treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma', 'refractory follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MZL', 'marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity782 :: ('MESH:C111237', 'Chemical') :: ['vorinostat']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a phase II study of oral @entity782 , a histone and protein deacetylase inhibitor, to examine its efficacy and tolerability in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity706 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this open label phase II study (NCT00253630), @entity1 with relapsed/ @entity706 (FL), @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ), or @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ), with  <= 4 prior therapies were eligible. Oral @entity782 was administered at a dose of 200 mg twice daily on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), with secondary end points of progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression, duration of response, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS: All 35 eligible @entity1 were evaluable for response. The median number of @entity782 cycles received was nine. ORR was 29% (five complete responses [CR] and five partial responses [PR]). For 17 @entity1 with FL, ORR was 47% (four CR, four PR). There were two of nine responders with @entity1074 (one CR, one PR), and no formal responders among the nine @entity1 with @entity1073 , although one @entity1 maintained stable disease for 26 months. Median PFS was 15.6 months for @entity1 with FL, 5.9 months for @entity1073 , and 18.8 months for @entity1074 . The drug was well-tolerated over long periods of treatment, with the most common grade 3 adverse events being @entity882 , @entity417 , @entity1210 , and @entity1295 . CONCLUSION: Oral @entity782 is a promising agent in FL and @entity1074 , with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies in combination with other active agents in this setting are warranted.

title: Phase II study of XXXX for treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and @entity1073 .

answer: @entity782 :: (MESH:C111237,Chemical) :: ['vorinostat']


abstract: CONTEXT: Progressive brain volume changes in @entity161 are thought to be due principally to the disease. However, recent animal studies indicate that antipsychotics, the mainstay of treatment for @entity161 @entity1 , may also contribute to brain tissue volume decrement. Because antipsychotics are prescribed for long periods for @entity161 @entity1 and have increasingly widespread use in other @entity146 , it is imperative to determine their long-term effects on the @entity1 brain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate relative contributions of 4 potential predictors (illness duration, antipsychotic treatment, illness severity, and @entity734 ) of brain volume change. DESIGN: Predictors of brain volume changes were assessed prospectively based on multiple informants. SETTING: Data from the Iowa Longitudinal Study. @entity1 : Two hundred eleven @entity1 with @entity161 who underwent repeated neuroimaging beginning soon after illness onset, yielding a total of 674 high-resolution magnetic resonance scans. On average, each @entity1 had 3 scans (>= 2 and as many as 5) over 7.2 years (up to 14 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Brain volumes. RESULTS: During longitudinal follow-up, antipsychotic treatment reflected national prescribing practices in 1991 through 2009. Longer follow-up correlated with smaller brain tissue volumes and larger cerebrospinal fluid volumes. Greater intensity of antipsychotic treatment was associated with indicators of generalized and specific brain tissue reduction after controlling for effects of the other 3 predictors. More antipsychotic treatment was associated with smaller gray matter volumes. Progressive @entity62 was most evident among @entity1 who received more antipsychotic treatment. Illness severity had relatively modest correlations with tissue volume reduction, and @entity167 /illicit drug misuse had no significant associations when effects of the other variables were adjusted. CONCLUSIONS: Viewed together with data from animal studies, our study suggests that antipsychotics have a subtle but measurable influence on brain tissue loss over time, suggesting the importance of careful risk-benefit review of dosage and duration of treatment as well as their off-label use.

title: Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['decrement in white matter volume']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the outcome after adjuvant @entity1161 with standard fractionation regimen in metastatic @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) from @entity320 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 86 successive @entity1 (57 @entity1 ) were treated for locally advanced @entity320 in our institution. 60 @entity1 (69%) underwent @entity1600 dissection followed by @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), while 26 @entity1 (31%) had no radiotherapy. RESULTS: The median number of resected @entity1600 was 12 (1 to 36) with 2 metastases (1 to 28). Median survival after the first relapse was 31.8 months. Extracapsular extension was a significant prognostic factor for regional control (p = 0.019). Median total dose was 50 Gy (30 to 70 Gy). A standard fractionation regimen was used (2 Gy/fraction). Median number of fractions was 25 (10 to 44 fractions). @entity1 were treated with five fractions/week. @entity1 with extracapsular extension treated with surgery followed by @entity1161 (total dose >= 50 Gy) had a better regional control than @entity1 treated by surgery followed by @entity1161 with a total dose <50 Gy (80% vs. 35% at 5-year follow-up; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant radiotherapy was able to increase regional control in targeted sub-population ( @entity1600 with extracapsular extension).

title: Adjuvant @entity1161 in metastatic XXXX from @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph nodes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the outcome after adjuvant @entity1161 with standard fractionation regimen in metastatic @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) from @entity320 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 86 successive @entity1 (57 @entity1 ) were treated for locally advanced @entity320 in our institution. 60 @entity1 (69%) underwent @entity1600 dissection followed by @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), while 26 @entity1 (31%) had no radiotherapy. RESULTS: The median number of resected @entity1600 was 12 (1 to 36) with 2 metastases (1 to 28). Median survival after the first relapse was 31.8 months. Extracapsular extension was a significant prognostic factor for regional control (p = 0.019). Median total dose was 50 Gy (30 to 70 Gy). A standard fractionation regimen was used (2 Gy/fraction). Median number of fractions was 25 (10 to 44 fractions). @entity1 were treated with five fractions/week. @entity1 with extracapsular extension treated with surgery followed by @entity1161 (total dose >= 50 Gy) had a better regional control than @entity1 treated by surgery followed by @entity1161 with a total dose <50 Gy (80% vs. 35% at 5-year follow-up; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant radiotherapy was able to increase regional control in targeted sub-population ( @entity1600 with extracapsular extension).

title: Adjuvant @entity1161 in metastatic @entity1600 from XXXX .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']