abstract: Up-to-date observations in the regions where effective food @entity1496 supplementation was introduced confirm a significant decrease in @entity5651 incidence. However, in some regions the incidence of @entity5651 remains unchanged or even the increase in the frequency of @entity66 of the thyroid like, Grave's-Basedov disease and chronic/subacute @entity1669 is observed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity66 of the thyroid in @entity1 aged 6-13 years in the Polish population after 5 years of obligatory @entity1496 supplementation program. The study included 480 school @entity1 from 4 elementary schools chosen randomly in the city of Bia  ystok and 120 @entity1 at the same age treated due to @entity5651 with KI and/or thyroxin for minimum 12 months in the Regional Specialist Outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology. All @entity1 underwent physical examination with palpation of @entity5651 and USG of the thyroid. @entity1496 concentration was assessed in the morning urine by the catalytic method of Sandell-K  lthoff. The concentrations ofTSH and antibodies against TSH, @entity5787 ( @entity5787 ) and @entity3745 (Tg) were also determined. The mean concentrations of anti-Tg antibodies were statistically significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity5651 in comparison with @entity1 with the thyroid gland within the norm (155.8 IU/ml vs. 24.4 IU/ml, p = 0.045). In @entity1 with @entity5651 the incidence of'positive' titre of anti-Tg antibodies was 4-fold as high as in @entity1 without @entity5651 (33.3% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.0147). High incidence of antibodies against @entity3745 in the population of @entity1 with @entity5651 and a positive correlation between the titre of anti-Tg antibodies and the size of the thyroid in this group suggest a significant role of @entity74 in the pathogenesis of @entity5651 in the studied population.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX of the thyroid in @entity1 in the Bia  ystok population].

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['TPO', 'thyroid-peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunological disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['autoimmunological disorders']


abstract: Up-to-date observations in the regions where effective food @entity1496 supplementation was introduced confirm a significant decrease in @entity5651 incidence. However, in some regions the incidence of @entity5651 remains unchanged or even the increase in the frequency of @entity66 of the thyroid like, Grave's-Basedov disease and chronic/subacute @entity1669 is observed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity66 of the thyroid in @entity1 aged 6-13 years in the Polish population after 5 years of obligatory @entity1496 supplementation program. The study included 480 school @entity1 from 4 elementary schools chosen randomly in the city of Bia  ystok and 120 @entity1 at the same age treated due to @entity5651 with KI and/or thyroxin for minimum 12 months in the Regional Specialist Outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology. All @entity1 underwent physical examination with palpation of @entity5651 and USG of the thyroid. @entity1496 concentration was assessed in the morning urine by the catalytic method of Sandell-K  lthoff. The concentrations ofTSH and antibodies against TSH, @entity5787 ( @entity5787 ) and @entity3745 (Tg) were also determined. The mean concentrations of anti-Tg antibodies were statistically significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity5651 in comparison with @entity1 with the thyroid gland within the norm (155.8 IU/ml vs. 24.4 IU/ml, p = 0.045). In @entity1 with @entity5651 the incidence of'positive' titre of anti-Tg antibodies was 4-fold as high as in @entity1 without @entity5651 (33.3% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.0147). High incidence of antibodies against @entity3745 in the population of @entity1 with @entity5651 and a positive correlation between the titre of anti-Tg antibodies and the size of the thyroid in this group suggest a significant role of @entity74 in the pathogenesis of @entity5651 in the studied population.

title: [Prevalence of @entity74 of the thyroid in XXXX in the Bia  ystok population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: The link between nasal-temporal motion asymmetries and anomalous binocular sensory function in infantile @entity5971 ( @entity5971 ) has led to the idea that visual evoked potential responses to horizontal motion (mVE) is an alternative measure of sensory binocularity to stereopsis. A second hypothesis is that the mVEP response is a marker for bifoveal fusion. The purpose of this study was to directly evaluate these two hypotheses by examining the correspondence between the mVEP response and both stereoacuity and bifoveal fusion in a cohort of strabismic @entity1 with variable binocular sensory function. METHODS: Motion VEPs, random dot stereopsis, and bifoveal fusion were measured in 94 @entity1 : 20 with infantile @entity5971 , 16 with infantile accommodative @entity5971 , 22 with late-onset accommodative @entity5971 , 10 with intermittent infantile strabismus, and 26 normal control @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 with infantile @entity5971 and infantile accommodative @entity5971 had high concordance between mVEP responses and stereoacuity and mVEP responses and bifoveal fusion. Asymmetric mVEP responses were highly concordant with both no measurable stereopsis and an absence of fusional vergence. @entity1 with late-onset accommodative @entity5971 and intermittent infantile strabismus revealed discordance between the mVEP response and stereoacuity and high concordance between the mVEP response and bifoveal fusion. Asymmetric mVEP responses were highly concordant with the absence of bifoveal fusion and the minimum-size prism to elicit fusional vergence. CONCLUSIONS: The qualitative and quantitative relationship between the mVEP response and fusional vergence suggests that the mVEP response is an objective measure of bifoveal fusion. The availability of such a test will facilitate studies of normal development of bifoveal fusion and development of @entity751 in strabismus.

title: Motion VEPs, stereopsis, and bifoveal fusion in XXXX with strabismus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['monofixation syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Intravesical BCG is already established as effective therapy in the management of superficial @entity150 . However, varying results have been obtained with different BCG strains; these are ascribed to variations in their immunogenicity. The locally available BCG strain which contains approximately 1.2 x 10(9) colony-forming units per 120 mg was used for intravesical instillation in 27 @entity1 with recurrent superficial transitional @entity150 . Ten of the 13 @entity1 who received BCG prophylactically to reduce or stop recurrencies completed therapy and 7 (70%) were in remission after 1 or 2 courses with a mean follow-up of 2 years. Fourteen @entity1 received BCG therapeutically for in situ @entity189 . Thirteen of these @entity1 completed therapy and 9 (69%) responded favourably after 1 or 2 courses of BCG for a mean follow-up period of 23 months. Adverse effects of the treatment were mild and well tolerated except in a @entity1 who received radiotherapy. Although 21 @entity1 experienced @entity146 only 1 discontinued treatment as a direct result. The only other @entity1 in whom treatment had to be stopped, developed severe @entity625 after 3 instillations. A statistically significant reduction in the number of recurrences (P less than 0.001) was experienced by the @entity1 who received BCG prophylactically. Although this is a very limited study, the locally available BCG strain exhibited therapeutic activity. It is cost-effective and warrants further study.

title: [Intravesical BCG as a treatment for superficial and in situ transitional cell XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bladder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the bladder', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: Stimulants used to treat @entity71 ( @entity71 ) have been well researched, but comparisons among stimulants are hindered by the absence of direct comparative trials. The goal of this work was to compare the efficacy of @entity2727 and @entity4944 formulations through a meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. We analyzed recent published literature on the stimulant therapy of @entity71 to describe the variability of drug-placebo effect sizes. A literature search was conducted to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of @entity71 in @entity1 and adolescents published after 1979. Meta-analysis regression assessed the influence of medication type and study design features on medication effects. Twenty-three trials met criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. These trials studied 11 drugs using 19 different outcome measures of hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive behavior. We found significant differences between @entity4944 and @entity2727 products, even after correcting for study design features that might have confounded the results. Our analyses indicate that effect sizes for @entity4944 products are significantly, albeit moderately, greater than those for @entity2727 . We found that most measures of effect from all studies were statistically significant. Our findings suggest that @entity4944 products may be moderately more efficacious than @entity2727 products, even after controlling for potentially confounding study design features. This difference in effect size may be due to differences between @entity4944 and @entity2727 in the molecular mechanisms involved in facilitating the dopaminergic neurotransmission.

title: Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents using meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amfetamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: Stimulants used to treat @entity71 ( @entity71 ) have been well researched, but comparisons among stimulants are hindered by the absence of direct comparative trials. The goal of this work was to compare the efficacy of @entity2727 and @entity4944 formulations through a meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. We analyzed recent published literature on the stimulant therapy of @entity71 to describe the variability of drug-placebo effect sizes. A literature search was conducted to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of @entity71 in @entity1 and adolescents published after 1979. Meta-analysis regression assessed the influence of medication type and study design features on medication effects. Twenty-three trials met criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. These trials studied 11 drugs using 19 different outcome measures of hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive behavior. We found significant differences between @entity4944 and @entity2727 products, even after correcting for study design features that might have confounded the results. Our analyses indicate that effect sizes for @entity4944 products are significantly, albeit moderately, greater than those for @entity2727 . We found that most measures of effect from all studies were statistically significant. Our findings suggest that @entity4944 products may be moderately more efficacious than @entity2727 products, even after controlling for potentially confounding study design features. This difference in effect size may be due to differences between @entity4944 and @entity2727 in the molecular mechanisms involved in facilitating the dopaminergic neurotransmission.

title: Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for @entity71 in XXXX and adolescents using meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Standard evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1817 cannot distinguish abnormal autonomic tone from @entity1817 . This distinction has potentially important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Intrinsic heart rate (IHR)--the peak heart rate (HR) measured during pharmacologic combined autonomic blockade--reflects intrinsic SN function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of IHR--and its relationship with resting heart rate (RHR)--in distinguishing autonomic influence from @entity1817 among @entity1 with @entity1817 . IHR was determined in the electrophysiology laboratory using intravenous @entity1169 , 0.2 mg/kg, followed by intravenous @entity3897 , 0.04 mg/kg; the peak HR recorded was the IHR. IHR was measured in two groups. Seven control subjects, defined as @entity1 with normal noninvasive SN testing, had IHR mean of 128 +/- 24 beats/min; this was greater than RHR mean of 89 +/- 16 beats/min (p less than 0.01). Eight @entity1 with abnormal noninvasive SN testing had IHR mean of 103 +/- 6 beats/min; this was greater than RHR mean of 71 +/- 9 beats/min (p less than 0.01). We therefore reached the following conclusions. (1) Among this particular group of @entity1 with abnormal noninvasive SN testing, IHR was consistently in the normal range for age and greater than RHR, suggesting that excess vagal tone can play a significant role in the expression of @entity1817 . (2) Among normal individuals, IHR is age-related, decreasing with advancing age. IHR greater than RHR suggests that vagal tone predominates in the normal resting state as the net increase in HR during combined autonomic blockade is due to blockade of vagally mediated chronotropic inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intrinsic heart rate in XXXX and young adults: an index of sinus node function isolated from autonomic control.

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['SN dysfunction', 'intrinsic SN disease', 'sinus node (SN) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Low rates of @entity1085 among @entity234 have been reported but not systematically studied. The authors investigated the rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of @entity1085 in the follow-up in 1982-1984 of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a population-based study conducted across the United States in 1971-1975. Based on hospital discharge diagnoses of @entity1085 , 368 cases were identified for the period 1971-1984 among 10,551 @entity1 , aged 25-74 years, who denied @entity1085 at the baseline examination. The crude incidence of @entity1085 per 1,000 @entity1 -years was 2.59 for white @entity1 , 1.45 for black @entity1 , 4.09 for white @entity1 , and 2.35 for black @entity1 . Controlling for @entity28 , parity, @entity1068 consumption, use of diuretics, use of oral contraceptives, and two indicators of socioeconomic status, the authors found that the hazard rate of hospitalization with @entity1085 increased with age for white @entity1 and @entity393 @entity1 . The hazard ratio for black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 at 30 years of age was 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.96, but at age 70, it was 0.18 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.09-0.37. For @entity1 , @entity28 and parity were important risk factors for @entity1085 (p less than or equal to 0.001), and the use of diuretics was marginally associated (p = 0.08). Black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 had a hazard rate of @entity1085 of 0.53 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.24-1.16. For @entity1 , increasing age was related to @entity1085 (p less than 0.001), and @entity28 was weakly related (p = 0.06). The black/white hazard ratios decreased further when controlling for socioeconomic status, persisted if the study population was limited to those hospitalized during follow-up, and increased slightly for cases with an acute complication of @entity1085 . Thus, differential access to medical care may not explain the lower rate among @entity234 .

title: Low incidence of hospitalization with XXXX among @entity234 in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased for black']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gallbladder disease']


abstract: Low rates of @entity1085 among @entity234 have been reported but not systematically studied. The authors investigated the rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of @entity1085 in the follow-up in 1982-1984 of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a population-based study conducted across the United States in 1971-1975. Based on hospital discharge diagnoses of @entity1085 , 368 cases were identified for the period 1971-1984 among 10,551 @entity1 , aged 25-74 years, who denied @entity1085 at the baseline examination. The crude incidence of @entity1085 per 1,000 @entity1 -years was 2.59 for white @entity1 , 1.45 for black @entity1 , 4.09 for white @entity1 , and 2.35 for black @entity1 . Controlling for @entity28 , parity, @entity1068 consumption, use of diuretics, use of oral contraceptives, and two indicators of socioeconomic status, the authors found that the hazard rate of hospitalization with @entity1085 increased with age for white @entity1 and @entity393 @entity1 . The hazard ratio for black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 at 30 years of age was 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.96, but at age 70, it was 0.18 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.09-0.37. For @entity1 , @entity28 and parity were important risk factors for @entity1085 (p less than or equal to 0.001), and the use of diuretics was marginally associated (p = 0.08). Black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 had a hazard rate of @entity1085 of 0.53 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.24-1.16. For @entity1 , increasing age was related to @entity1085 (p less than 0.001), and @entity28 was weakly related (p = 0.06). The black/white hazard ratios decreased further when controlling for socioeconomic status, persisted if the study population was limited to those hospitalized during follow-up, and increased slightly for cases with an acute complication of @entity1085 . Thus, differential access to medical care may not explain the lower rate among @entity234 .

title: Low incidence of hospitalization with @entity1085 among XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['blacks']


abstract: The effects of centrally acting agents which alter cholinergic activity were assessed in @entity19 rendered tolerant to and dependent on @entity1286 (M @entity19 ) and in naive @entity19 ( @entity19 ). In both N and M @entity19 , @entity2607 potentiated @entity1286 @entity1337 slightly, and this action was blocked by @entity3897 and @entity5591 . When administered 10 min before @entity1510 in dependent @entity19 @entity3897 enhanced precipitated withdrawal jumping; when given 30 min before @entity1510 , @entity3897 produced an inhibition of the response. @entity2607 abd @entity5592 greatly inhibited the jumping response, while @entity12864 had no effect. The inhibitory effect of @entity2607 on @entity1510 precipitated withdrawal jumpimg was reversed by @entity3897 and @entity5591 but @entity3897 did not alter @entity1286 tolerance and @entity734 development. Brain @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) levels in both N and M @entity19 were increased by @entity2607 , the increase being greater in M @entity19 . This increase was blocked by prior administration of @entity3897 or @entity5591 . When @entity3897 was administered to M @entity19 10 min before sacrifice, brain AC-h levels decreased. However, when brain @entity1617 levels were determined 30 min after @entity3897 , no change was found. It was concluded that @entity1617 does not play a major direct role in the development of tolerance and @entity734 , but that @entity1617 is involved in the manifestations of acute @entity1286 effects and in some of the withdrawal signs in the dependent state.

title: @entity1286 tolerance and physical XXXX : influence of cholinergic agonists and antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity12864 :: ('CHEBI:4753', 'Chemical') :: ['echothiophate']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine', 'Physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: The effects of centrally acting agents which alter cholinergic activity were assessed in @entity19 rendered tolerant to and dependent on @entity1286 (M @entity19 ) and in naive @entity19 ( @entity19 ). In both N and M @entity19 , @entity2607 potentiated @entity1286 @entity1337 slightly, and this action was blocked by @entity3897 and @entity5591 . When administered 10 min before @entity1510 in dependent @entity19 @entity3897 enhanced precipitated withdrawal jumping; when given 30 min before @entity1510 , @entity3897 produced an inhibition of the response. @entity2607 abd @entity5592 greatly inhibited the jumping response, while @entity12864 had no effect. The inhibitory effect of @entity2607 on @entity1510 precipitated withdrawal jumpimg was reversed by @entity3897 and @entity5591 but @entity3897 did not alter @entity1286 tolerance and @entity734 development. Brain @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) levels in both N and M @entity19 were increased by @entity2607 , the increase being greater in M @entity19 . This increase was blocked by prior administration of @entity3897 or @entity5591 . When @entity3897 was administered to M @entity19 10 min before sacrifice, brain AC-h levels decreased. However, when brain @entity1617 levels were determined 30 min after @entity3897 , no change was found. It was concluded that @entity1617 does not play a major direct role in the development of tolerance and @entity734 , but that @entity1617 is involved in the manifestations of acute @entity1286 effects and in some of the withdrawal signs in the dependent state.

title: XXXX tolerance and physical @entity734 : influence of cholinergic agonists and antagonists.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: Negative air ions (NAIs) are known to kill @entity5132 ; however, their precise mechanism of action is uncertain. Elucidation of this has been hampered by a lack of reproducibility between results obtained by different investigators. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of variation in experimental parameters on the sensitivity of @entity5132 to negative air ions and the role of @entity1787 in this process. Ten strains of @entity5132 were exposed to NAIs generated at different emitter distances, exposure times, relative humidities and under aerobic and @entity26 -free conditions. In further experiments, @entity1787 levels were measured under the same conditions. The effect of NAIs on @entity5132 growth was assessed by measuring the area of the zone of inhibition generated around the electrode of the ionizer. There was a significant reduction in area of zone of inhibition with increasing emitter distance (P < 0.05), relative humidity (P < 0.05) or under @entity26 -free conditions (P < 0.05). Increases in exposure time resulted in a significant increase in growth inhibition (P < 0.05). @entity1787 levels increased with increasing exposure times (P < 0.01) but were significantly reduced as emitter distance increased (P < 0.01). When utilized in a nonventilated room, levels of @entity1787 produced did not exceed recognized safety limits. These results (a) demonstrate the importance of careful control of experimental parameters if reproducibility of studies involving NAIs is to be achieved, and (b) highlight the possible role of @entity1787 in the microbicidal effects of NAIs.

title: Sensitivity of XXXX to negative air ion streams.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Homozygous @entity753 (HFHC) is a rare @entity74 with an incidence of one in one million. It is associated with severe @entity731 and early death from @entity65 . Mutation in the gene that encodes the synthesis of the cellular receptor for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is responsible for this @entity209 . Currently, the only effective treatment for this disease is liver transplantation, which alone or in association with medications, normalizes plasma @entity165 level. The authors report the results of liver transplantation for two cases of HFHC. The first case, a 15-year-old @entity1 received a whole liver from a deceased donor, and the second, an 11-year-old @entity1 , received a left liver lobe transplant from his mother's sister. Their preoperative fasting lipid concentrations were grossly raised. The older @entity1 had severe @entity731 and had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting 5 months before transplantation. Both had preoperative plasma @entity165 levels higher than 750 mg/dL with normal thyroid and liver function tests. After the operation, the @entity1 received @entity1667 as pulse therapy followed by oral @entity617 , @entity618 , and @entity1140 for immunosuppression. Their hospital stays were 24 and 13 days, respectively. The first case needed reexploration because of @entity548 on the second day after the operation. The lipid concentrations rapidly returned to the normal range in the first week after the operation, remaining in this range over the first 6 months of follow-up. Liver transplantation offers an highly effective treatment for HFHC. It is better to operate on @entity1 before severe @entity731 changes in the coronary arteries. All @entity1 must undergo a complete cardiac evaluation before surgery.

title: Liver transplantation for homozygous XXXX : two case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited condition']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity1370 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity1161 and the impact of pre-existing @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity1161 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity63 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity1161 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity1161 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The @entity1161 did not increase the risk of @entity583 . Presence of @entity583 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity5 , @entity299 and @entity299 . Among @entity1 who received @entity1161 , @entity5 laterality was not associated with @entity583 outcome. The effect of @entity1161 on the heart was not influenced by @entity299 or @entity299 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity1161 would increase the risk of @entity583 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity5 laterality, or history of @entity299 or @entity299 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity299 , and XXXX in @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac risk factors', 'CRFs', 'heart disease', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiac toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity1370 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity1161 and the impact of pre-existing @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity1161 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity63 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity1161 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity1161 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The @entity1161 did not increase the risk of @entity583 . Presence of @entity583 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity5 , @entity299 and @entity299 . Among @entity1 who received @entity1161 , @entity5 laterality was not associated with @entity583 outcome. The effect of @entity1161 on the heart was not influenced by @entity299 or @entity299 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity1161 would increase the risk of @entity583 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity5 laterality, or history of @entity299 or @entity299 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity299 , and @entity1370 in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity1370 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity1161 and the impact of pre-existing @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity1161 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity63 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity1161 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity1161 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The @entity1161 did not increase the risk of @entity583 . Presence of @entity583 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity5 , @entity299 and @entity299 . Among @entity1 who received @entity1161 , @entity5 laterality was not associated with @entity583 outcome. The effect of @entity1161 on the heart was not influenced by @entity299 or @entity299 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity1161 would increase the risk of @entity583 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity5 laterality, or history of @entity299 or @entity299 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, XXXX , and @entity1370 in @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac risk factors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity1370 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity1161 and the impact of pre-existing @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity1161 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity63 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity1161 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity1161 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The @entity1161 did not increase the risk of @entity583 . Presence of @entity583 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity5 , @entity299 and @entity299 . Among @entity1 who received @entity1161 , @entity5 laterality was not associated with @entity583 outcome. The effect of @entity1161 on the heart was not influenced by @entity299 or @entity299 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity1161 would increase the risk of @entity583 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity5 laterality, or history of @entity299 or @entity299 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity299 , and @entity1370 in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: The histological modification produced by neoadjuvant chemoradiation on primary @entity5 has been investigated by many authors, and a prognostic value of @entity5 regression grade (TRG) has been identified. Tumor regression grade on metastatic mesorectal lymphnodes has been never evaluated. The purpose of this study is to analyse the TRG on mesorectal lymphnodes (lymphnode regression grade, @entity68317 ) after preoperative chemoradiation in @entity5 @entity1 and to determine the correlation with TRG of @entity5 . METHODS: Surgical specimens from 35 @entity1 who underwent chemoradiation were included. @entity68317 on mesorectal lymphnodes was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Response to treatment was evaluated by a 5-point @entity68317 based on the ratio of @entity41 to @entity82 . RESULTS: Complete pathologic response ( @entity68317 ) was observed in 18 @entity1 (51%). In 4 @entity1 (11%) no regression was observed ( @entity68317 5). In 4 cases only reactive lymphnodes were found. @entity68317 on lymphnodes significantly correlated with TRG on @entity5 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation determines a @entity5 regression on mesorectal lymphnodes as on @entity5 ; further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity68317 .

title: Tumor regression in mesorectal lymphnodes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the United Kingdom, approximately 10.8 million @entity1 suffer from @entity565 , placing an economic burden on the society of more than 2 billion pounds sterling per year. For @entity56 , treatment options consist of allergen avoidance, symptomatic treatment and @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). Only @entity6542 addresses the underlying cause of the disease, reducing symptoms and offering the potential for long-term improvement. Grazax--the first tablet-based @entity6542 --is indicated for the treatment of @entity1 with grass pollen-induced @entity7370 , including those with co-existing @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of Grazax in @entity1 with @entity7370 and co-existing @entity565 . METHODS: A prospective pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out as part of a multinational clinical trial assessing the efficacy of Grazax (n = 79) compared with placebo (n = 72). Both groups had access to symptomatic medication; thus the placebo group represented current standard care. Pooled data on health resource use, productivity loss because of absence from work and quality of life (Quality Adjusted Life Years, QALYs) were collected in the trial. Reduced productivity at work was estimated from the literature. A societal perspective was adopted with a 9-year time horizon. The NHS price of Grazax of 2.25 pounds sterling per tablet was used. RESULTS: The QALY gain was significantly higher for @entity1 treated with Grazax than the placebo group receiving symptomatic medication alone (0.197 discounted QALYs gained 9 years into the future - equal to an extra 72 days of perfect health over 9 years). The levels of resource use and productivity loss were higher for the placebo group. As a result, the cost per QALY gained with Grazax was 4319 pounds sterling , which is highly cost-effective. Price sensitivity analyses demonstrated that Grazax remained cost-effective up to a tablet price of 5.07 pounds sterling . CONCLUSION: @entity6542 with Grazax is a cost-effective strategy compared with standard management of @entity1 with @entity7370 and co-existing @entity565 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of specific immunotherapy with Grazax in allergic rhinitis co-existing with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['allergen-specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable and reversible @entity1224 and is associated with airway @entity32 , airway remodelling (including goblet cell hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition and increased smooth muscle mass) and increased airway responsiveness. It is believed that airway @entity32 plays a critical role in the development of airway remodelling, with @entity1312 and @entity641 pathways being strongly associated with the disease progression. @entity19 models of @entity565 are capable of recapitulating some components of @entity565 and have been used to look at both @entity1312 and @entity641 pathways, which use @entity9094 and @entity14570 signalling molecules, respectively. OBJECTIVES: Using brief and chronic models of allergen exposure, we utilized BALB/c and C57Bl/6 to explore the hypothesis that observed differences in responses to allergen between these @entity19 strains will involve fundamental differences in @entity1312 and @entity641 responses. METHODS: The following outcome measurements were performed: airway physiology, bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts/cytokine analysis, histology, immunoblots and gene expression assays. RESULTS: We demonstrate in BALB/c @entity19 an @entity1312 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity9094 , nuclear localized in inflammatory cells, which is associated with indices of airway remodelling and development of @entity409 . In BALB/c @entity19 , phosphorylation of @entity14570 is delayed relative to @entity9094 activation and also involves an @entity1312 -dependent mechanism. In contrast, despite an allergen-induced increase in @entity58 , @entity1312 and eosinophils, C57Bl/6 demonstrates a reduced and distinct pattern of phosphorylated @entity9094 , no @entity14570 phosphorylation changes and fail to develop indices of remodelling or changes in airway function. CONCLUSION: The activation of signalling pathways and nuclear translocation of signalling molecules downstream of @entity1312 and @entity641 further support the central role of these molecules in the pathology and dysfunction in animal models of @entity565 . Activation of signalling pathways downstream from @entity1312 and @entity641 may be more relevant in disease progression than elevations in airway @entity32 alone.

title: Role of XXXX and @entity14570 in a model of chronic allergen exposure: a @entity19 comparison study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['airway dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity9094 :: (20852(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable and reversible @entity1224 and is associated with airway @entity32 , airway remodelling (including goblet cell hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition and increased smooth muscle mass) and increased airway responsiveness. It is believed that airway @entity32 plays a critical role in the development of airway remodelling, with @entity1312 and @entity641 pathways being strongly associated with the disease progression. @entity19 models of @entity565 are capable of recapitulating some components of @entity565 and have been used to look at both @entity1312 and @entity641 pathways, which use @entity9094 and @entity14570 signalling molecules, respectively. OBJECTIVES: Using brief and chronic models of allergen exposure, we utilized BALB/c and C57Bl/6 to explore the hypothesis that observed differences in responses to allergen between these @entity19 strains will involve fundamental differences in @entity1312 and @entity641 responses. METHODS: The following outcome measurements were performed: airway physiology, bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts/cytokine analysis, histology, immunoblots and gene expression assays. RESULTS: We demonstrate in BALB/c @entity19 an @entity1312 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity9094 , nuclear localized in inflammatory cells, which is associated with indices of airway remodelling and development of @entity409 . In BALB/c @entity19 , phosphorylation of @entity14570 is delayed relative to @entity9094 activation and also involves an @entity1312 -dependent mechanism. In contrast, despite an allergen-induced increase in @entity58 , @entity1312 and eosinophils, C57Bl/6 demonstrates a reduced and distinct pattern of phosphorylated @entity9094 , no @entity14570 phosphorylation changes and fail to develop indices of remodelling or changes in airway function. CONCLUSION: The activation of signalling pathways and nuclear translocation of signalling molecules downstream of @entity1312 and @entity641 further support the central role of these molecules in the pathology and dysfunction in animal models of @entity565 . Activation of signalling pathways downstream from @entity1312 and @entity641 may be more relevant in disease progression than elevations in airway @entity32 alone.

title: Role of @entity9094 and XXXX in a model of chronic allergen exposure: a @entity19 comparison study.

answer: @entity14570 :: (17126(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SMAD2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable and reversible @entity1224 and is associated with airway @entity32 , airway remodelling (including goblet cell hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition and increased smooth muscle mass) and increased airway responsiveness. It is believed that airway @entity32 plays a critical role in the development of airway remodelling, with @entity1312 and @entity641 pathways being strongly associated with the disease progression. @entity19 models of @entity565 are capable of recapitulating some components of @entity565 and have been used to look at both @entity1312 and @entity641 pathways, which use @entity9094 and @entity14570 signalling molecules, respectively. OBJECTIVES: Using brief and chronic models of allergen exposure, we utilized BALB/c and C57Bl/6 to explore the hypothesis that observed differences in responses to allergen between these @entity19 strains will involve fundamental differences in @entity1312 and @entity641 responses. METHODS: The following outcome measurements were performed: airway physiology, bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts/cytokine analysis, histology, immunoblots and gene expression assays. RESULTS: We demonstrate in BALB/c @entity19 an @entity1312 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity9094 , nuclear localized in inflammatory cells, which is associated with indices of airway remodelling and development of @entity409 . In BALB/c @entity19 , phosphorylation of @entity14570 is delayed relative to @entity9094 activation and also involves an @entity1312 -dependent mechanism. In contrast, despite an allergen-induced increase in @entity58 , @entity1312 and eosinophils, C57Bl/6 demonstrates a reduced and distinct pattern of phosphorylated @entity9094 , no @entity14570 phosphorylation changes and fail to develop indices of remodelling or changes in airway function. CONCLUSION: The activation of signalling pathways and nuclear translocation of signalling molecules downstream of @entity1312 and @entity641 further support the central role of these molecules in the pathology and dysfunction in animal models of @entity565 . Activation of signalling pathways downstream from @entity1312 and @entity641 may be more relevant in disease progression than elevations in airway @entity32 alone.

title: Role of @entity9094 and @entity14570 in a model of chronic allergen exposure: a XXXX comparison study.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse strain']


abstract: Two-stage autogenous brachial vein-brachial artery access (ABBA) has been proposed as an option where adequate superficial vein is not available for the creation of conventional haemodialysis fistulae. METHODS: This report depicts the clinical outcome of a series of 17 consecutive @entity1 who underwent ABBA in a single centre. Of the 17 @entity1 , nine had had at least one previous arterioventricular (AV) @entity292 or graft, and eight were new to haemodialysis. Patencies were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: In 14 @entity1 , the brachial vein was transposed (82%) and the time to transposition ranged from 4 to 26 weeks (median time: 6 weeks). The functional patency rate was 45.75% at 12 months. After stage one, all @entity292 that went on to develop well had a brachial vein flow of at least 900 ml @entity1009 ), and this was significantly higher than in @entity292 that failed to develop (p=0.005). The maturation rate in our study was 65% and the median time to cannulation of the @entity292 was 8 weeks from the stage 1. Of the 17 @entity1 , 12 (71%) experienced at least one complication. Ten (59%) demonstrated moderate-to-severe @entity850 ; eight of which necessitated angioplasty and/or percutaneous mechanical thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: ABBA was characterised by a high incidence of complications and a long period to achieve maturation. Despite close monitoring and a high rate of secondary interventions, the patency rate was low. With this experience, we now only consider it an alternative in @entity1 without adequate superficial veins, who have had failed grafts or where there is a very high risk of @entity281 .

title: Autogenous brachial-brachial XXXX for vein access. Haemodynamic factors predicting outcome and 1 year clinical data.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenoses']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: The aim of our study was to assess our experience with the retrievable Gunther Tulip (GT) inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, with regard to its insertion, efficacy, ease of placement and retrieval, and associated complications. Between November 2001 and October 2005, 322 GT filters were placed in 317 @entity1 . Insertion indications included the following: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) prophylaxis in @entity130 @entity1 (n = 232), @entity358 prophylaxis in perioperative @entity1 (n = 27), @entity358 prophylaxis in moribund intensive care unit @entity1 (n = 22), recent @entity358 (n = 48), extensive @entity1150 (n = 66), contraindication to anticoagulation (n = 63), anticoagulation complication (n = 8) and @entity1150 with failed anticoagulation (n = 8). Some @entity1 had more than one indication for caval filter placement. Two hundred and five attempted retrievals have been carried out, with 15 failures. Our successful retrieval rate is 92%. Nineteen filters were originally inserted permanently. There have been three minor complications associated with insertion and five with retrieval. The mean time from filter insertion to attempted retrieval was 76.95 days. The ideal filter implantation time gives the @entity1 the benefit of @entity358 protection, while avoiding the long-term risks associated with caval filters. Although GT retrieval times have lengthened considerably, our data suggest that this is at the expense of successful retrieval rates.

title: Retrievable Gunther Tulip inferior vena cava filter: experience in 317 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus', 'PE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The inclusion criteria were established for a videothoracoscopic resection of @entity5 . We retrospectively evaluated the validity of these criteria in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: The computed tomography (CT) image characteristics and clinical information comprised these criteria. The image considerations included the location of the @entity5 in the anterior mediastinum, a distinct fat plane between the @entity5 and vital organs, unilateral @entity5 predominance, @entity5 encapsulation, the existence of residual normal-appearing thymic tissue, and no mass compression effect. All enrollees were expected to be free of @entity1143 , @entity2294 , @entity912 of the hemidiaphragm, and the encasement of great vessels. An elevation of either the serum @entity160 or beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin levels, severe @entity662 , @entity4264 , hoarseness, and age less than 20 years excluded the @entity1 from enrollment. The heterogeneous content of the @entity5 was not an exclusion criterion, and the @entity5 size was not considered important. According to the above criteria, 44 @entity1 were enrolled between November 1999 and November 2005. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 had stage I @entity704 and 17 had @entity34 . All @entity1 successfully underwent a complete @entity5 resection using a three-port endoscopic technique. There was no open conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these criteria, we can select suitable @entity1 to confidently perform a thoracoscopic resection of @entity5 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX successfully resected by videothoracoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['superior vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early-stage thymoma']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II thymoma']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: To stably maintain pregnancy, several genes are expressed in the uterus. In particular, the endometrial expression of genes encoding growth factors appears to play a key role in maternal-foetal communication. The previous studies characterized the endometrial expression kinetics of the genes encoding @entity30506 ( @entity30506 ), its receptor ( @entity46280 ), @entity73089 ( @entity73089 ), @entity71636 ( @entity71636 ), @entity73090 and @entity36931 (CaBP-9k) in @entity1707 during implantation. Here, we further characterized the expression patterns of these molecules during the entire porcine pregnancy. Porcine uteri were collected at @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 12, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 110 and subjected to RT-PCR. @entity30506 and @entity46280 showed similar expression patterns, being highly expressed around implantation and then disappearing. @entity73089 and @entity71636 expression levels rose steadily until they peaked at PD30, after which they gradually decreased to PD12 levels. This @entity71636 mRNA expression pattern was confirmed by real-time PCR and similar @entity71636 protein expression patterns were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of PD60 uteri revealed @entity71636 in the glandular and luminal epithelial cells. @entity73090 was steadily expressed throughout the entire pregnancy, while CaBP-9k was expressed strongly on PD12, and then declined sharply on PD15 before recovering slightly for the remainder of the pregnancy. Thus, the @entity30506 family may play a key role during implantation in @entity1707 . In addition, CaBP-9k may help to maintain uterine quiescence during pregnancy by sequestering cytoplasmic @entity141 .

title: Uterine expression of XXXX family during the course of pregnancy in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy days', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity73089 :: ('397484(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha', 'TGF-alpha']

entities_list: @entity30506 :: ('397083(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

answer: @entity30506 :: (397083(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor']


abstract: To stably maintain pregnancy, several genes are expressed in the uterus. In particular, the endometrial expression of genes encoding growth factors appears to play a key role in maternal-foetal communication. The previous studies characterized the endometrial expression kinetics of the genes encoding @entity30506 ( @entity30506 ), its receptor ( @entity46280 ), @entity73089 ( @entity73089 ), @entity71636 ( @entity71636 ), @entity73090 and @entity36931 (CaBP-9k) in @entity1707 during implantation. Here, we further characterized the expression patterns of these molecules during the entire porcine pregnancy. Porcine uteri were collected at @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 12, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 110 and subjected to RT-PCR. @entity30506 and @entity46280 showed similar expression patterns, being highly expressed around implantation and then disappearing. @entity73089 and @entity71636 expression levels rose steadily until they peaked at PD30, after which they gradually decreased to PD12 levels. This @entity71636 mRNA expression pattern was confirmed by real-time PCR and similar @entity71636 protein expression patterns were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of PD60 uteri revealed @entity71636 in the glandular and luminal epithelial cells. @entity73090 was steadily expressed throughout the entire pregnancy, while CaBP-9k was expressed strongly on PD12, and then declined sharply on PD15 before recovering slightly for the remainder of the pregnancy. Thus, the @entity30506 family may play a key role during implantation in @entity1707 . In addition, CaBP-9k may help to maintain uterine quiescence during pregnancy by sequestering cytoplasmic @entity141 .

title: Uterine expression of @entity30506 family during the course of pregnancy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of connexins ( @entity73091 and @entity13509 ) in the @entity291 ovary (experiment 1-3). Experiment 1: ovaries containing preovulatory follicles or corpora lutea (CL) were collected at 0, 4, 10, 20, 25 (follicles) and 60 h (CL) relative to injection of @entity1176 . Experiment 2: CL were assigned to the following stages: days 1-2, 3-4, 5-7, 8-12, 13-16, >18 (after regression) of oestrous cycle and of early and late pregnancy (<4 and >4 months). Experiment 3: induced luteolysis, @entity291 on days 8-12 were injected with PGF2alpha analogue ( @entity2669 ), and CL were collected by transvaginal ovariectomy before and 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 64 h after PGF2alpha injection. Real-time RT-PCR was applied to investigate mRNA expression and immunofluorescence was utilized for protein localization. @entity73091 mRNA increased rapidly 4 h after @entity1176 injection (during LH surge) and decreased afterwards during the whole experimental period. @entity13509 mRNA expression decreased continuously after @entity1176 application. @entity73091 mRNA in CL increased significantly in the second part of oestrous cycle and after regression. In contrast, the highest mRNA expression for @entity13509 in CL was detected during the early luteal phase. After induced luteolysis the mRNA expression of @entity73091 increased significantly at 24 h. As shown by immunofluorescence, @entity73091 was predominantly localized in the connective tissue and blood vessels of @entity291 CL, whereas @entity13509 was present in the luteal cells and blood vessels. This resulted in a strong increase of @entity73091 expression during the late luteal phase and after luteal regression. Subsequently, @entity13509 expression was distinctly decreased after luteal regression. These data suggest that @entity73091 and @entity13509 are involved in the local cellular mechanisms participating in tissue remodelling during the critical time around periovulation as well as during CL formation (angiogenesis), function and regression in the @entity291 ovary.

title: Expression and localization of gap junctional connexins 26 and 43 in XXXX periovulatory follicles and in corpus luteum during different functional stages of oestrous cycle and pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity2669 :: ('MESH:D003008', 'Chemical') :: ['Cloprostenol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The composition of @entity731 coronary plaque is a major determinant of future clinical events. Spectral analysis of IVUS radiofrequency data has demonstrated potential to provide detailed quantitative information on plaque composition. We prospectively assessed plaque composition in matched coronary segments at a six-month interval and sought to explore correlations between temporal changes in plaque composition and circulating biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty coronary segments (mean baseline length, 29.9+/-14.1mm) with non-significant angiographic (<50 % diameter) stenosis, in non-culprit vessels of @entity1 (n=20) referred for percutaneous intervention, were studied at baseline and six-month follow-up. Spectral analysis of IVUS radiofrequency data, obtained with a 30 MHz catheter in segments matched on predefined anatomic landmarks, was performed with IVUS-Virtual Histology software. After 6 months, an overall decrease in the level of different biomarkers of instability was present. There were no significant changes in absolute values (mm2) of plaque components; @entity460 (0.036+/-0.05 vs. 0.033+/-0.04), fibrous (2.68+/-1.5 vs. 2.90+/-1.5), fibrolipidic (0.77+/-0.4 vs. 0.73+/-0.4), and lipid core (0.42+/-0.4 vs. 0.52+/-0.5), between baseline and six-months. Nor did any conventional IVUS variable (lumen, vessel, or plaque cross-sectional area, or percent area stenosis). Change in lipid core area (r=0.51, p=0.024), fibrous area (r=0.49, p=0.033) and @entity460 area (r=0.63, p=0.004), were significantly correlated with change in @entity6511 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Routine medical care does not result in significant overall changes in IVUS-derived plaque size or composition over a 6-month period. This study provides indication of quantifiable boundaries beyond which modifications in tissue composition might be interpreted as statistically significant.

title: First-in- XXXX prospective evaluation of temporal changes in coronary plaque composition by in vivo intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis: an Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study (IBIS) substudy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and influence of continuing an epidural infusion of 0.0625% @entity1341 -0.0002% @entity3575 during the second stage of labor in nulliparous @entity1 . When the cervix was fully dilated, coded study solution was substituted for the known @entity1341 - @entity3575 solution. The study solution for 29 @entity1 was 0.0625% @entity1341 -0.0002% @entity3575 ; 34 @entity1 received saline placebo. The two groups had similar @entity158 scores during the first stage of labor. During the second stage, @entity158 scores were significantly higher in the saline-placebo group at each 30-min interval between 60 and 150 min after the diagnosis of full cervical dilation. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups in global assessment of analgesia quality during the second stage, but the difference occurred in those @entity1 with a second-stage duration of greater than or equal to 60 min. Among the @entity1 who delivered vaginally, eleven of 28 (39%) @entity1 in the @entity1341 - @entity3575 group, versus five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, had surgical perineal anesthesia for vaginal delivery (P less than .05). Six of 28 (21%) @entity1 in the @entity1341 - @entity3575 group, and five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, underwent instrumental vaginal delivery (P = NS). The median duration of the second stage of labor was 53 min (range = 5-283) in the @entity1341 - @entity3575 group, and 63 min (range = 16-181) in the saline-placebo group (P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Continuous epidural infusion of 0.0625% XXXX -0.0002% @entity3575 during the second stage of labor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and influence of continuing an epidural infusion of 0.0625% @entity1341 -0.0002% @entity3575 during the second stage of labor in nulliparous @entity1 . When the cervix was fully dilated, coded study solution was substituted for the known @entity1341 - @entity3575 solution. The study solution for 29 @entity1 was 0.0625% @entity1341 -0.0002% @entity3575 ; 34 @entity1 received saline placebo. The two groups had similar @entity158 scores during the first stage of labor. During the second stage, @entity158 scores were significantly higher in the saline-placebo group at each 30-min interval between 60 and 150 min after the diagnosis of full cervical dilation. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups in global assessment of analgesia quality during the second stage, but the difference occurred in those @entity1 with a second-stage duration of greater than or equal to 60 min. Among the @entity1 who delivered vaginally, eleven of 28 (39%) @entity1 in the @entity1341 - @entity3575 group, versus five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, had surgical perineal anesthesia for vaginal delivery (P less than .05). Six of 28 (21%) @entity1 in the @entity1341 - @entity3575 group, and five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, underwent instrumental vaginal delivery (P = NS). The median duration of the second stage of labor was 53 min (range = 5-283) in the @entity1341 - @entity3575 group, and 63 min (range = 16-181) in the saline-placebo group (P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Continuous epidural infusion of 0.0625% @entity1341 -0.0002% XXXX during the second stage of labor.

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: A prospective study was performed to determine the value of sonoelastography (SE) targeted biopsy for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) detection. A series of 230 male screening volunteers was examined. Two independent examiners evaluated each subject. One single investigator performed < or =5 SE targeted biopsies into suspicious regions in the peripheral zone only. The stiffness of the lesion was displayed by SE and color-coded from red (soft) to blue (hard). @entity75 were considered as malignant and targeted by biopsy. Subsequently, another examiner performed ten systematic biopsies. @entity5 detection rates of the two techniques were compared. @entity5 was detected in 81 of the 230 @entity1 (35%), including 68 (30%) by SE targeted biopsy and in 58 (25%) by systematic biopsy. @entity5 was detected by targeted biopsy alone in 23 @entity1 (10%) and by systematic biopsy alone in 13 @entity1 (6%). The detection rate for SE targeted biopsy cores (12.7% or 135 of 1,109 cores) was significantly better than for systematic biopsy cores (5.6% or 130 of 2,300 cores, P < 0.001). SE targeted biopsy in a @entity1 with @entity5 was 2.9-fold more likely to detect @entity263 than systematic biopsy. SE targeted biopsy detected more cases of @entity263 than systematic biopsy, with fewer than half the number of biopsy cores in this prostate-specific antigen screening population.

title: Comparison of sonoelastography guided biopsy with systematic biopsy: impact on XXXX detection.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Hard lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: An analysis was undertaken of data pertaining to over 100 @entity1 with lower @entity490 who were laparoscoped. Prior to laparoscopy, 11 of the @entity1 were considered to almost certainly have @entity9414 , of whom six (55%) had @entity9414 at laparoscopy; 17 to probably have @entity9414 , of whom six (35%) did; 28 to possibly have @entity9414 , of whom five (18%) did; and 56 to be very unlikely to have @entity9414 , of whom five (9%) did. Of the 22 @entity1 who had @entity9414 at laparoscopy, 14 (64%) had a @entity1047 IgG antibody titre of >or=1:128 and might reasonably be regarded as having @entity66 on this basis; six without such a titre probably did not have @entity66 as @entity11739 could not be detected at any genital site. At laparoscopy, 18 @entity1 had @entity1104 without obvious @entity32 ; clinically, 15 of them had been regarded as possibly having @entity9414 or unlikely to have it, with 12 having chronic @entity2371 . Twelve (67%) of the 18 @entity1 had a chlamydial IgG antibody titre of >or=1:128. IgM antibody was also detected most often in the ' @entity9414 ' group. Of 49 @entity1 without any abnormality detected at laparoscopy, nine (18%) had a high chlamydial IgG antibody titre. Overall, a @entity1 who had a high titre of chlamydial IgG antibody and acute @entity2371 , together with a clinical picture of @entity32 , was more likely to have @entity9414 than @entity1104 alone. Likewise, a @entity1 who had a high titre of chlamydial IgG antibody and chronic @entity2371 , together with a clinical picture suggesting that @entity9414 was unlikely, was more likely to have @entity1104 alone than acute @entity9414 . However, while antibody measurement and seeking cervical @entity11739 may help in formulating a diagnosis, there seems no simple way of detecting the small proportion of @entity1 who are infected by @entity11739 in the upper genital tract but whose laparoscopic findings indicate normality. So far as @entity1 care is concerned, the only way of preventing damage to the upper genital tract is to treat early on the basis of suspicion.

title: Further observations, mainly serological, on a cohort of XXXX with or without pelvic inflammatory disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['tubal inflammation', 'pelvic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial disease']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity9414 :: ('MESH:D012488', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial salpingitis', 'salpingitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C. trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia trachomatis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyze @entity1 ' @entity1863 (BU) exposure after oral administration of extemporeanously prepared BU capsules prior to blood stem cell transplantation. METHODS: @entity1 were treated with 1 mg/kg body weight BU administered orally every 6h on each of 4 consecutive days prior to blood stem cell transplantation. Each BU dose was administered in 1 gelatine capsule to be swallowed and containing the individually calculated dose of pure BU active substance. Blood samples were obtained from 6 adult @entity1 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min after the 1st, 5th, and 13th BU dose, frozen and analyzed subsequently by using a HPLC assay with UV detection. In addition, in two @entity1 concomitant TDM was executed. BU exposure was monitored concurrently and BU doses were targeted to achieve a steady-state plasma concentration (C(SS)) of 600-900 ng/mL or 900-1100 ng/mL depending on the underlying disease. In these @entity1 blood samples were obtained 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min after the 1st, 5th, 9th, and 13th BU dose and analyzed concurrently. RESULTS: For the six @entity1 monitored retrospectively, the time to reach peak plasma BU concentration (C(max)) ranged from 1 to 5 h (mean 2.4 h). BU C(max) - values varied from 728 to 1807 ng/ mL (mean 1174 ng/mL), and BU clearance (CL/F) from 2.32 to 3.75 mL/min/kg (mean 2.97 mL/min/ kg). The mean BU steady state (C(SS)) concentration calculated was 973 ng/mL (range 754-1226 ng/mL) with a mean AUC of 5818 ng.h/mL (range 4521- 7171 ng.h/mL). One of the two @entity1 receiving targeted BU doses required an upward dose adjustment. None of the eight @entity1 @entity391 during BU therapy. CONCLUSIONS: BU active substance encapsulated without further excipients in gelatine capsules is highly suitable for oral BU therapy. However, therapeutic drug monitoring and BU dose adjustment is still advisable to achieve optimal systemic BU exposure in each individual @entity1 .

title: XXXX systemic exposure after oral administration of extemporeanously prepared high-dose @entity1863 capsules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['suffered from vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['Busulfan']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyze @entity1 ' @entity1863 (BU) exposure after oral administration of extemporeanously prepared BU capsules prior to blood stem cell transplantation. METHODS: @entity1 were treated with 1 mg/kg body weight BU administered orally every 6h on each of 4 consecutive days prior to blood stem cell transplantation. Each BU dose was administered in 1 gelatine capsule to be swallowed and containing the individually calculated dose of pure BU active substance. Blood samples were obtained from 6 adult @entity1 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min after the 1st, 5th, and 13th BU dose, frozen and analyzed subsequently by using a HPLC assay with UV detection. In addition, in two @entity1 concomitant TDM was executed. BU exposure was monitored concurrently and BU doses were targeted to achieve a steady-state plasma concentration (C(SS)) of 600-900 ng/mL or 900-1100 ng/mL depending on the underlying disease. In these @entity1 blood samples were obtained 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min after the 1st, 5th, 9th, and 13th BU dose and analyzed concurrently. RESULTS: For the six @entity1 monitored retrospectively, the time to reach peak plasma BU concentration (C(max)) ranged from 1 to 5 h (mean 2.4 h). BU C(max) - values varied from 728 to 1807 ng/ mL (mean 1174 ng/mL), and BU clearance (CL/F) from 2.32 to 3.75 mL/min/kg (mean 2.97 mL/min/ kg). The mean BU steady state (C(SS)) concentration calculated was 973 ng/mL (range 754-1226 ng/mL) with a mean AUC of 5818 ng.h/mL (range 4521- 7171 ng.h/mL). One of the two @entity1 receiving targeted BU doses required an upward dose adjustment. None of the eight @entity1 @entity391 during BU therapy. CONCLUSIONS: BU active substance encapsulated without further excipients in gelatine capsules is highly suitable for oral BU therapy. However, therapeutic drug monitoring and BU dose adjustment is still advisable to achieve optimal systemic BU exposure in each individual @entity1 .

title: @entity1863 systemic exposure after oral administration of extemporeanously prepared high-dose XXXX capsules.

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']


abstract: Anticoagulation therapy in @entity1 with @entity955 is important. This review consists of three parts: chronic anticoagulation, anticoagulation for cardioversion, and a brief comment on anticoagulation around the time of left atrial radiofrequency ablation. The risk stratification scheme of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology (ACC/AHA/ESC) guidelines for chronic anticoagulation is briefly reviewed. Although there are several other similar schemes, they are not identical. The key point is the balance between benefit and risk. Some emerging controversies are outlined. Two specific questions explored are: is well-controlled @entity101 a risk factor, and does paroxysmal @entity955 confer the same risk as continuous @entity955 ? Differences in the risk of @entity548 while taking a @entity2067 antagonist noted in recent compared with older data are discussed. Risk of @entity548 in the elderly and combined antithrombotic therapy with a @entity2067 antagonist and an antiplatelet agent in high-risk @entity1 are briefly discussed. Recent failures of studies attempting to find a suitable alternative to @entity2067 antagonists are outlined. The treatment guidelines for anticoagulation for cardioversion are briefly reviewed. The risk of @entity1031 according to international normalized ratio and use of low-molecular-weight heparin as an alternative to @entity1229 are discussed. Anticoagulation before and after left atrial radiofrequency ablation is empirical, and long-term anticoagulation seems advisable for high risk @entity1 at the present time. The two most pressing needs for further investigation are (1) clarification, simplification, and consolidated of risk stratification schemes and treatment recommendations and (2) discovery of alternatives to @entity1229 .

title: Anticoagulation in XXXX : a contemporary viewpoint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Population-based @entity5344 family registries can facilitate studies to evaluate genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of these @entity5 . The purpose of this study is to describe what is, as far as we know, the first population-based @entity5344 family registry and to estimate @entity5344 risk in relatives of @entity5344 probands. Population-based consecutive incident cases of @entity5344 were invited to participate in the University of California, Irvine breast and ovarian family registry. In this study, we report data on 1567 @entity0 and 328 @entity43 probands. The operational components of this family registry include enrollment of probands, family history interviewing, confidentiality, pathology, verification and review, biospecimen bank, statistical/genetic analysis, and special studies on positional cloning of known genes. All of the components are tracked through the University of California, Irvine Genetic Research Information System. In @entity0 probands, relative risk (RR) of @entity0 in mothers and sisters is significantly elevated [RR = 1.7 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-2.0 and RR = 2.8 and 95% CI = 2.3-3.3, respectively]. In families of @entity43 probands, mothers are at increased risk of @entity43 (RR = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.1-8.7). RR of @entity0 in mothers of @entity0 probands is significantly elevated (RR = 4.9; 95% CI, 2.6-8.5). No elevation of @entity5344 risk was observed among relatives of Asian probands. In general, there is a decrease in RR among mothers and sisters with increase in age of onset of probands. In second-degree relatives and first cousins, the @entity0 hazards ratios increase with increase in the number of affected first-degree relatives and decrease with increase in age at onset of the proband.

title: Cancer risk estimates for family members of a population-based family registry for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic-white breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'Hispanic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 underwent reoperation for @entity704 at intervals of 2 months to 17 years 10 months after the initial operation. There were no operative or hospital deaths. @entity1737 occurred in 12 @entity1 , but in only 2 was it a determinant for reoperation. The longest survival after reoperation is 12 years 9 months, and that @entity1 is free from @entity5 . Four distinct surgical groups emerged, and their recognition provides an improved method of reporting and suggests a strategy for better overall management. Group 1 (n = 5) had completion of thymectomy (reoperation) after thymomectomy alone or after incomplete thymectomy. The interval was 2 months to 17 years 10 months. All 5 had @entity1737 . At reoperation, @entity704 were found in 3 and a hyperplastic thymus in 2. Four are alive and @entity5 free 2 years to 8 years 2 months after reoperation. One died @entity5 free after 5 years. Group 2 (n = 8) had reoperation for recurrent @entity704 after standard (presumably complete) resection. The interval was 2 years to 13 1/2 years. Four had @entity1737 . Four are alive 8 months to 5 years 8 months after reoperation, 3 without detectable @entity5 . Four died 3 years 3 months to 8 years 4 months after reoperation, 3 free from @entity5 . Group 3 (n = 8) underwent reoperation for initially unresectable @entity704 after adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both. The interval was 3 months to 4 years 8 months. Three had @entity1737 . Six are alive 4 months to 4 years after reoperation, only 1 with @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reoperation for XXXX : report of 23 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymoma', 'thymomas']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: The RELIEF study (Reflux assEssment and quality of life improvement with micronized @entity3088 in chronic @entity4096 [CVI]) is a prospective, controlled, multicenter, international study performed in @entity1 with or without @entity1211 . This study was conducted between March 1997 and December 1998 in 23 countries worldwide with the participation of more than 10,000 @entity1 suffering from CVI. The European countries, the subject of this report, were represented by the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Spain. The principal aims of the study were: 1. To validate the first quality-of-life scale specific to chronic @entity4096 (CMVIQ) in different languages and to assess the evolution of quality of life in @entity1 suffering from CVI, with or without @entity1211 , treated with micronized purified @entity3096 fraction (MPFF*) (1,000 mg/day). 2. To collect international epidemiologic data on @entity1211 assessed with pocket Doppler and photoplethysmography. 3. To assess the evolution of symptoms and signs with a specific emphasis on @entity4 through validated Leg-O-Meter measurement (heaviness, @entity158 , cramps, sensation of swelling, @entity4 ) in @entity1 suffering from CVI and treated with MPFF, 1,000 mg/day, during 6 months. The first country-by-country statistical analysis and the European consolidated analysis are now available. The CIVIQ questionnaires adapted to each participating country have been validated with highly significant validity and reproducibility (p<0.0001). All dimensions have demonstrated a highly significant and evolving improvement during the study. The results show several interesting findings concerning the epidemiologic data and, of these, two were particularly interesting: - More than 50% of @entity1 suffering from CVI (class 0 to 4 of the CEAP classification) were reflux-free, which means that they were suffering from functional CVI. @entity1 distribution between the different classes of the CEAP classification changed in a statistically significant manner after 6 months' treatment with MPFF; the number of @entity1 in the more severe classes decreased to the benefit of the less severe classes. Symptoms such as @entity158 , @entity13197 , sensation of swelling, and cramps were significantly improved (p=0.0001). This was associated with a significant decrease in @entity4 , when present, measured by leg circumferences with the Leg-O-Meter (p=0.0001). In conclusion, the European results of the RELIEF study showed the perfect validity and reproducibility of CIVIQ questionnaire adaptations, and the positive progression of quality-of-life scores on MPFF treatment. This progression was paralleled by clinical improvement of @entity1 reflected not only by assessment of CVI symptoms and signs but also by evolution of the CEAP classification.

title: RELIEF study: first consolidated European data. Reflux assEssment and quaLity of lIfe improvement with micronized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity13197 :: ('MESH:D010264', 'Disease') :: ['leg heaviness']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['Flavonoids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), a complex treatment strategy for intensity-modulated radiation therapy, may increase treatment efficiency and has recently been established clinically. This analysis compares VMAT against established IMRT and 3D-conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) delivery techniques. METHODS: Based on CT datasets of 9 @entity1 treated for @entity263 step-and-shoot IMRT, serial tomotherapy (MIMiC), 3D-CRT and VMAT were compared with regard to plan quality and treatment efficiency. Two VMAT approaches (one rotation (VMAT1x) and one rotation plus a second 200 degrees rotation ( @entity16458 x)) were calculated for the plan comparison. Plan quality was assessed by calculating homogeneity and conformity index (HI and CI), dose to normal tissue (non-target) and D(95%) (dose encompassing 95% of the target volume). For plan efficiency evaluation, treatment time and number of monitor units (MU) were considered. RESULTS: For MIMiC/IMRT(MLC)/ @entity16458 x/ @entity35885 x/3D-CRT, mean CI was 1.5/1.23/1.45/1.51/1.46 and HI was 1.19/1.1/1.09/1.11/1.04. For a prescribed dose of 76 Gy, mean doses to organs-at-risk (OAR) were 50.69 Gy/53.99 Gy/60.29 Gy/61.59 Gy/66.33 Gy for the anterior half of the rectum and 31.85 Gy/34.89 Gy/38.75 Gy/38.57 Gy/55.43 Gy for the posterior rectum. Volumes of non-target normal tissue receiving > or =70% of prescribed dose (53 Gy) were 337 ml/284 ml/482 ml/505 ml/414 ml, for > or =50% (38 Gy) 869 ml/933 ml/1155 ml/1231 ml/1993 ml and for > or =30% (23 Gy) 2819 ml/3414 ml/3340 ml/3438 ml /3061 ml. D(95%) was 69.79 Gy/70.51 Gy/71,7 Gy/71.59 Gy/73.42 Gy. Mean treatment time was 12 min/6 min/3.7 min/1.8 min/2.5 min. CONCLUSION: All approaches yield treatment plans of improved quality when compared to 3D-conformal treatments, with serial tomotherapy providing best OAR sparing and VMAT being the most efficient treatment option in our comparison. Plans which were calculated with 3D-CRT provided good target coverage but resulted in higher dose to the rectum.

title: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) vs. serial tomotherapy, step-and-shoot IMRT and 3D-conformal RT for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nonoperative treatment of @entity12290 ( @entity12290 ) can lead to unsatisfactory functional results. Short-term results are available but the impact on the evolution of the deformity is not known. To address these problems, a new brace for the flexible @entity34 was developed, and midterm followup was obtained. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In a prospective case series, eighteen @entity1 (mean age 64.2 years; range, 31 to 82; four male, 14 female) with flexible Stage II @entity12290 were fitted with the new custom-molded foot orthosis. At latest followup of a mean of 61.4 (range, 20 to 87) months, functional results were assessed with the AOFAS ankle hindfoot score and clinical or radiographic progression was recorded. RESULTS: The score improved significantly from a mean of 56 points (range, 20 to 64) to a mean of 82 points (range, 64 to 100, p < 0.001). Three @entity1 (3/18, 16%) had a clinical progression to a fixed deformity (Stage III) and a radiographic increase of their deformity. All the other @entity1 were satisfied with the brace's comfort and noted an improvement in their mobility. Complications were seen in three @entity1 (3/18, 16%), and consisted of the development of calluses. CONCLUSION: The "shell brace" is a valuable option for nonoperative treatment of the flexible Stage II @entity12290 . Hindfoot flexibility was conserved throughout the observation period in all but three @entity1 . Functional outcome and @entity1 acceptance was above average. Problems were few, and closely associated with a progression to a fixed, @entity5 .

title: Shell brace for stage II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['PTTI', 'posterior tibial tendon insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III deformity']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II deformity']

answer: @entity12290 :: (MESH:D037081,Disease) :: ['posterior tibial tendon insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and radical pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) for @entity3620 (MM). @entity1 AND METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study we analysed the results of the 57 @entity1 [49 male and 8 female, median age 59 (range 14-70) years] who underwent radical surgery for MM found to have pathological N2 disease over a 7-year-period. EPP was performed on 45 and P/D on 12 @entity1 . Prognostic factors, postoperative course, pathological data and postoperative survival were analysed. RESULTS: Those in the P/D group were significantly older (median age 62 vs 58 years, p=0.03) than in the EPP group. There was no difference in postoperative hospital stay (p=0.1) nor T stage (p=0.7) between the groups. There were no significant differences in the proportion of @entity1 undergoing some adjuvant therapy in each group (p=0.2). Mean survival from diagnosis was 15 months in the EPP group and 16 months for those who underwent P/D (p=0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of the lung during radical surgery for N2 MM does not compromise survival even in an older group population. We therefore now have ceased to perform EPP in cases of N2 disease and we make every effort to accurately stage @entity1 with mediastinoscopy to identify them.

title: Case-control study between extrapleural pneumonectomy and radical pleurectomy/decortication for pathological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['N2 malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['N2 malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of some @entity146 comorbidities found to be associated with suicidal behavior in previous studies and to evaluate their influence on suicidal behavior in a sample of @entity1 with @entity162 . METHOD: We assessed 239 bipolar @entity1 from January 2005 to January 2007. @entity2270 diagnosis was performed according to the DSM-IV using a structured interview (the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus), and @entity4225 was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV @entity1314 . Lifetime suicide history was assessed using a semistructured interview in addition to a review of medical records. RESULTS: There were 99 @entity1 (41.4%) with a history of previous suicide attempts. The @entity146 comorbidities associated with suicidal behavior were @entity4225 (chi(2) = 36.008, p = .0001), @entity4697 (chi(2) = 5.537, p = .019), @entity988 (chi(2) = 12.820, p = .001), other drug addictions (chi(2) = 10.055, p = .02), generalized @entity148 (chi(2) = 10.216, p = .001), and smoking (chi(2) = 9.070, p = .003). However, when logistic regression analyses were used, only the diagnosis of @entity1314 remained significant (Wald chi(2) = 19.13, p = .0001). When analyzing the subtypes of suicide attempts, we found that @entity4225 and @entity988 were associated with violent suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of @entity4225 or @entity988 (only for violent sub-type of suicidal behavior) was the only comorbidity independently associated with suicide in @entity1 with @entity162 . For suicide prevention, screening to identify @entity1 at high risk for suicidal behavior should be performed routinely in @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Suicidal behavior in XXXX : what is the influence of @entity146 comorbidities?

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['border-line personality disorder', 'Axis II Personality Disorders']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of some @entity146 comorbidities found to be associated with suicidal behavior in previous studies and to evaluate their influence on suicidal behavior in a sample of @entity1 with @entity162 . METHOD: We assessed 239 bipolar @entity1 from January 2005 to January 2007. @entity2270 diagnosis was performed according to the DSM-IV using a structured interview (the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus), and @entity4225 was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV @entity1314 . Lifetime suicide history was assessed using a semistructured interview in addition to a review of medical records. RESULTS: There were 99 @entity1 (41.4%) with a history of previous suicide attempts. The @entity146 comorbidities associated with suicidal behavior were @entity4225 (chi(2) = 36.008, p = .0001), @entity4697 (chi(2) = 5.537, p = .019), @entity988 (chi(2) = 12.820, p = .001), other drug addictions (chi(2) = 10.055, p = .02), generalized @entity148 (chi(2) = 10.216, p = .001), and smoking (chi(2) = 9.070, p = .003). However, when logistic regression analyses were used, only the diagnosis of @entity1314 remained significant (Wald chi(2) = 19.13, p = .0001). When analyzing the subtypes of suicide attempts, we found that @entity4225 and @entity988 were associated with violent suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of @entity4225 or @entity988 (only for violent sub-type of suicidal behavior) was the only comorbidity independently associated with suicide in @entity1 with @entity162 . For suicide prevention, screening to identify @entity1 at high risk for suicidal behavior should be performed routinely in @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Suicidal behavior in @entity162 : what is the influence of XXXX comorbidities?

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']