abstract: Activation of the translation initiation factor 4E ( @entity4043 ) promotes malignant transformation and @entity3 . Signaling through the AKT-mTOR pathway activates @entity4043 by phosphorylating the inhibitory 4E binding proteins (4E-BP). This liberates @entity4043 and allows binding to @entity5290 . @entity4043 can then be phosphorylated at @entity563 209 by the MAPK-interacting kinases (Mnk), which also interact with @entity5290 . Although dispensable for normal development, Mnk function and @entity4043 phosphorylation promote cellular proliferation and survival and are critical for malignant transformation. Accordingly, Mnk inhibition may serve as an attractive @entity5 therapy. We now report the identification of a potent, selective and orally bioavailable Mnk inhibitor that effectively blocks 4E phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. In cultured @entity5 cell lines, Mnk inhibitor treatment induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation and soft agar colonization. Importantly, a single, orally administered dose of this Mnk inhibitor substantially suppresses @entity4043 phosphorylation for at least 4 hours in @entity1 xenograft @entity5 tissue and @entity19 liver tissue. Moreover, oral dosing with the Mnk inhibitor significantly suppresses outgrowth of experimental B16 @entity320 pulmonary @entity3 as well as growth of subcutaneous HCT116 @entity694 xenograft @entity5 , without affecting body weight. These findings offer the first description of a novel, orally bioavailable MNK inhibitor and the first preclinical proof-of-concept that MNK inhibition may provide a tractable @entity5 therapeutic approach.

title: Therapeutic inhibition of MAP kinase interacting kinase blocks eukaryotic initiation factor 4E phosphorylation and suppresses outgrowth of experimental lung XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a recognised marker used in clinical practice for assessing the risk of @entity1164 . Physical exercise leads to an improvement in HRR and has a proven beneficial effect on erection quality (EQ) related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system in @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ). This paper evaluates the relationship between HRR and EQ in @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity323 ( @entity323 ) who underwent cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS: The main analysis was based on the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Pearson's chi-square test, chi-square test, with the Yates correction and (if possible) parametric tests were used. This prospective, non-randomised intervention study included 124 @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity323 [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores of  <=21]. Of these, 89 @entity1 underwent a 6-month cardiac rehabilitation phase III programme, whereas 35 did not. The results of the @entity1 ' total IIEF-5 scores and their HRR, demographic and clinical data were analysed. RESULTS: The results of the 89 rehabilitated @entity1 (mean age: 60.44  9.29 years) and 35 controls (mean age: 61.43  8.81 years) were analysed. In the rehabilitated @entity1 , the mean baseline IIEF-5 score was 13.15  5.76 (95% CI: 11.93-14.36) and HRR was 16.49  7.68/min (95% CI: 14.88-18.11). After cardiac rehabilitation, the parameters of @entity323 and HRR improved significantly and were significantly higher than those of the controls; the mean IIEF-5 score of the rehabilitated group increased to 15.36  6.51 (95% CI: 13.99-16.73), while HRR increased to 21.40  7.25/min (95% CI: 19.88-22.93). A significant correlation was found between    HRR and    EQ (r=0.409791) as a result of the 6-month cardiac training programme. CONCLUSION: Cardiac rehabilitation assessed by HRR has a sizable effect on autonomic balance in @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity323 , which plays a significant role in the mechanism of erection improvement.

title: Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and XXXX in males with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a recognised marker used in clinical practice for assessing the risk of @entity1164 . Physical exercise leads to an improvement in HRR and has a proven beneficial effect on erection quality (EQ) related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system in @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ). This paper evaluates the relationship between HRR and EQ in @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity323 ( @entity323 ) who underwent cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS: The main analysis was based on the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Pearson's chi-square test, chi-square test, with the Yates correction and (if possible) parametric tests were used. This prospective, non-randomised intervention study included 124 @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity323 [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores of  <=21]. Of these, 89 @entity1 underwent a 6-month cardiac rehabilitation phase III programme, whereas 35 did not. The results of the @entity1 ' total IIEF-5 scores and their HRR, demographic and clinical data were analysed. RESULTS: The results of the 89 rehabilitated @entity1 (mean age: 60.44  9.29 years) and 35 controls (mean age: 61.43  8.81 years) were analysed. In the rehabilitated @entity1 , the mean baseline IIEF-5 score was 13.15  5.76 (95% CI: 11.93-14.36) and HRR was 16.49  7.68/min (95% CI: 14.88-18.11). After cardiac rehabilitation, the parameters of @entity323 and HRR improved significantly and were significantly higher than those of the controls; the mean IIEF-5 score of the rehabilitated group increased to 15.36  6.51 (95% CI: 13.99-16.73), while HRR increased to 21.40  7.25/min (95% CI: 19.88-22.93). A significant correlation was found between    HRR and    EQ (r=0.409791) as a result of the 6-month cardiac training programme. CONCLUSION: Cardiac rehabilitation assessed by HRR has a sizable effect on autonomic balance in @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity323 , which plays a significant role in the mechanism of erection improvement.

title: Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and @entity323 in males with XXXX .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: @entity117 treatment is essential in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) to block platelet @entity2871 ( @entity928 )    synthesis. @entity1425 is known to enhance platelet reactivity induced by other agonists and to be elevated in @entity1 with @entity583 due to stress. Our objective was to study the influence of @entity1425 on platelet @entity928    synthesis in @entity1 treated with @entity117 for @entity583 at early onset (within 48 hours) and the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the functional response. Washed platelets from 45 @entity1 with @entity583 and 10 @entity117 -free controls were stimulated with @entity1426 (AA) or AA + @entity1425 , and aggregation and @entity928    synthesis were evaluated. Full platelet aggregation was recorded in 8/45 @entity1 (18%) with a partial @entity928    inhibition (86%) vs. the @entity117 -free controls. Platelets from the remaining 37 @entity1 did not aggregate to AA and had @entity928    inhibition >95%. However, when platelets were simultaneously stimulated with AA + @entity1425 , in 25/37 @entity1 a large intensity of aggregation (73%) was observed and a 5.5-fold increase in @entity928    synthesis, although this remained residual (<5% of @entity117 -free controls). This residual- @entity928    was critical in the functional response, as demonstrated by the complete inhibition by @entity928    receptor blockade or additional @entity117 in vitro. The @entity4357 -3-kinase activity and the cytosolic @entity460 levels participated in this platelet response elicited by a receptor cooperation mechanism, while the Rho/ @entity46008 (ROCK) pathway or the blockade of the @entity857 receptors ( @entity15094 , @entity3075 ) were without effect. Residual-cyclooxygenase -1 activity and @entity1425 enhance @entity928   -dependent platelet function, which may reduce the clinical benefit of @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Residual cyclooxygenase-1 activity and @entity1425 reduce the antiplatelet effect of @entity117 in XXXX with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity117 treatment is essential in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) to block platelet @entity2871 ( @entity928 )    synthesis. @entity1425 is known to enhance platelet reactivity induced by other agonists and to be elevated in @entity1 with @entity583 due to stress. Our objective was to study the influence of @entity1425 on platelet @entity928    synthesis in @entity1 treated with @entity117 for @entity583 at early onset (within 48 hours) and the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the functional response. Washed platelets from 45 @entity1 with @entity583 and 10 @entity117 -free controls were stimulated with @entity1426 (AA) or AA + @entity1425 , and aggregation and @entity928    synthesis were evaluated. Full platelet aggregation was recorded in 8/45 @entity1 (18%) with a partial @entity928    inhibition (86%) vs. the @entity117 -free controls. Platelets from the remaining 37 @entity1 did not aggregate to AA and had @entity928    inhibition >95%. However, when platelets were simultaneously stimulated with AA + @entity1425 , in 25/37 @entity1 a large intensity of aggregation (73%) was observed and a 5.5-fold increase in @entity928    synthesis, although this remained residual (<5% of @entity117 -free controls). This residual- @entity928    was critical in the functional response, as demonstrated by the complete inhibition by @entity928    receptor blockade or additional @entity117 in vitro. The @entity4357 -3-kinase activity and the cytosolic @entity460 levels participated in this platelet response elicited by a receptor cooperation mechanism, while the Rho/ @entity46008 (ROCK) pathway or the blockade of the @entity857 receptors ( @entity15094 , @entity3075 ) were without effect. Residual-cyclooxygenase -1 activity and @entity1425 enhance @entity928   -dependent platelet function, which may reduce the clinical benefit of @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Residual cyclooxygenase-1 activity and @entity1425 reduce the antiplatelet effect of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity583 .

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: @entity117 treatment is essential in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) to block platelet @entity2871 ( @entity928 )    synthesis. @entity1425 is known to enhance platelet reactivity induced by other agonists and to be elevated in @entity1 with @entity583 due to stress. Our objective was to study the influence of @entity1425 on platelet @entity928    synthesis in @entity1 treated with @entity117 for @entity583 at early onset (within 48 hours) and the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the functional response. Washed platelets from 45 @entity1 with @entity583 and 10 @entity117 -free controls were stimulated with @entity1426 (AA) or AA + @entity1425 , and aggregation and @entity928    synthesis were evaluated. Full platelet aggregation was recorded in 8/45 @entity1 (18%) with a partial @entity928    inhibition (86%) vs. the @entity117 -free controls. Platelets from the remaining 37 @entity1 did not aggregate to AA and had @entity928    inhibition >95%. However, when platelets were simultaneously stimulated with AA + @entity1425 , in 25/37 @entity1 a large intensity of aggregation (73%) was observed and a 5.5-fold increase in @entity928    synthesis, although this remained residual (<5% of @entity117 -free controls). This residual- @entity928    was critical in the functional response, as demonstrated by the complete inhibition by @entity928    receptor blockade or additional @entity117 in vitro. The @entity4357 -3-kinase activity and the cytosolic @entity460 levels participated in this platelet response elicited by a receptor cooperation mechanism, while the Rho/ @entity46008 (ROCK) pathway or the blockade of the @entity857 receptors ( @entity15094 , @entity3075 ) were without effect. Residual-cyclooxygenase -1 activity and @entity1425 enhance @entity928   -dependent platelet function, which may reduce the clinical benefit of @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Residual cyclooxygenase-1 activity and XXXX reduce the antiplatelet effect of @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity583 .

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: @entity117 treatment is essential in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) to block platelet @entity2871 ( @entity928 )    synthesis. @entity1425 is known to enhance platelet reactivity induced by other agonists and to be elevated in @entity1 with @entity583 due to stress. Our objective was to study the influence of @entity1425 on platelet @entity928    synthesis in @entity1 treated with @entity117 for @entity583 at early onset (within 48 hours) and the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the functional response. Washed platelets from 45 @entity1 with @entity583 and 10 @entity117 -free controls were stimulated with @entity1426 (AA) or AA + @entity1425 , and aggregation and @entity928    synthesis were evaluated. Full platelet aggregation was recorded in 8/45 @entity1 (18%) with a partial @entity928    inhibition (86%) vs. the @entity117 -free controls. Platelets from the remaining 37 @entity1 did not aggregate to AA and had @entity928    inhibition >95%. However, when platelets were simultaneously stimulated with AA + @entity1425 , in 25/37 @entity1 a large intensity of aggregation (73%) was observed and a 5.5-fold increase in @entity928    synthesis, although this remained residual (<5% of @entity117 -free controls). This residual- @entity928    was critical in the functional response, as demonstrated by the complete inhibition by @entity928    receptor blockade or additional @entity117 in vitro. The @entity4357 -3-kinase activity and the cytosolic @entity460 levels participated in this platelet response elicited by a receptor cooperation mechanism, while the Rho/ @entity46008 (ROCK) pathway or the blockade of the @entity857 receptors ( @entity15094 , @entity3075 ) were without effect. Residual-cyclooxygenase -1 activity and @entity1425 enhance @entity928   -dependent platelet function, which may reduce the clinical benefit of @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Residual cyclooxygenase-1 activity and @entity1425 reduce the antiplatelet effect of @entity117 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 of the @entity12512 ( @entity12512 ) remain a challenging problem worldwide, especially in areas with limited technical background; @entity102 is still a subject of controversy. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and paraclinical data of @entity1 with @entity1118 of @entity12512 who had an appendectomy performed. METHODS: During a period of 4 years, all @entity1 presenting with a @entity1118 of the @entity12512 were selected for our study and underwent clinical assessment and systematic ultrasonography of the abdomen; these served as a basis of selecting candidates for appendectomy. The intraoperative findings, histology results, and outcome after appendectomy were analyzed. RESULTS: Three hundred nineteen @entity1 presented with @entity1118 of the @entity12512 of which 213 could be finally analyzed; their mean age was 15.3 years; 192 @entity1 were females. They had @entity158 for 2-8 years. Echography showed a heterogeneous lesion in the @entity12512 in 87% of the cases. The operative findings displayed adhesions and other signs of @entity32 in 182 cases. Pathological analysis frequently revealed @entity82 and lymphoplasmocytic infiltration indicative of @entity32 . Eighty-seven percent of the @entity1 were cured by appendectomy. CONCLUSIONS: There is a chronic process involving the appendix that occurs in the @entity12512 of @entity1 with @entity1118 , typically the adolescent female. Appendectomy usually solves the problem. The criteria for selection of candidates still need to be identified, but in the absence of laparoscopic facilities, we recommend appendectomy when no other cause for the @entity158 has been identified.

title: Clinical, ultrasonographic, and pathologic characteristics of XXXX with chronic right-lower-quadrant abdominal pain that may benefit from appendectomy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity12512 :: ('MESH:D000006', 'Disease') :: ['right lower quadrant of the abdomen', 'RLQA']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pains', 'chronic pains', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Oral dosing of @entity2659 @entity19 on days 2-5 after birth with @entity440 but not @entity441 disrupts the development of the myometrium, resulting in adult uterine @entity1870 . Using laser capture microdissection and RT-PCR we have investigated @entity10788 ( @entity10788 ) and cognate receptor expression in uterine cells of 6-day-old pups that may be important in early developmental changes that give rise to @entity1870 . @entity10788 down-regulation is known to occur during terminal myogenic differentiation. @entity10788 was found exclusively in endometrial luminal epithelium of controls. It was up-regulated 18-fold in the luminal epithelium following dosing with @entity440 but not @entity441 . Western blotting for @entity10788 protein in the whole uterus showed a 25-fold increase after @entity440 treatment. Expression of the low affinity p75 neutrophin receptor ( @entity20384 ) was twofold higher in the myometrium compared with luminal epithelium or stroma. This was not altered following @entity440 treatment. There was no detectable expression of high affinity @entity669 kinase receptor ( @entity26303 ( @entity20384 )). This study shows luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium primarily form @entity10788 . This suggests that @entity10788 normally regulates the differentiation of the mesenchyme into uterine myocytes through paracrine mechanisms and that an early disturbance of this process plays a key role in the subsequent development of @entity1870 .

title: Comparison of the effect of oestradiol, @entity440 and XXXX on nerve growth factor-alpha expression in specific neonatal @entity19 uterine cell types using laser capture microdissection.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity441 :: (MESH:D020849,Chemical) :: ['raloxifene']


abstract: Oral dosing of @entity2659 @entity19 on days 2-5 after birth with @entity440 but not @entity441 disrupts the development of the myometrium, resulting in adult uterine @entity1870 . Using laser capture microdissection and RT-PCR we have investigated @entity10788 ( @entity10788 ) and cognate receptor expression in uterine cells of 6-day-old pups that may be important in early developmental changes that give rise to @entity1870 . @entity10788 down-regulation is known to occur during terminal myogenic differentiation. @entity10788 was found exclusively in endometrial luminal epithelium of controls. It was up-regulated 18-fold in the luminal epithelium following dosing with @entity440 but not @entity441 . Western blotting for @entity10788 protein in the whole uterus showed a 25-fold increase after @entity440 treatment. Expression of the low affinity p75 neutrophin receptor ( @entity20384 ) was twofold higher in the myometrium compared with luminal epithelium or stroma. This was not altered following @entity440 treatment. There was no detectable expression of high affinity @entity669 kinase receptor ( @entity26303 ( @entity20384 )). This study shows luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium primarily form @entity10788 . This suggests that @entity10788 normally regulates the differentiation of the mesenchyme into uterine myocytes through paracrine mechanisms and that an early disturbance of this process plays a key role in the subsequent development of @entity1870 .

title: Comparison of the effect of oestradiol, XXXX and @entity441 on nerve growth factor-alpha expression in specific neonatal @entity19 uterine cell types using laser capture microdissection.

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: Oral dosing of @entity2659 @entity19 on days 2-5 after birth with @entity440 but not @entity441 disrupts the development of the myometrium, resulting in adult uterine @entity1870 . Using laser capture microdissection and RT-PCR we have investigated @entity10788 ( @entity10788 ) and cognate receptor expression in uterine cells of 6-day-old pups that may be important in early developmental changes that give rise to @entity1870 . @entity10788 down-regulation is known to occur during terminal myogenic differentiation. @entity10788 was found exclusively in endometrial luminal epithelium of controls. It was up-regulated 18-fold in the luminal epithelium following dosing with @entity440 but not @entity441 . Western blotting for @entity10788 protein in the whole uterus showed a 25-fold increase after @entity440 treatment. Expression of the low affinity p75 neutrophin receptor ( @entity20384 ) was twofold higher in the myometrium compared with luminal epithelium or stroma. This was not altered following @entity440 treatment. There was no detectable expression of high affinity @entity669 kinase receptor ( @entity26303 ( @entity20384 )). This study shows luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium primarily form @entity10788 . This suggests that @entity10788 normally regulates the differentiation of the mesenchyme into uterine myocytes through paracrine mechanisms and that an early disturbance of this process plays a key role in the subsequent development of @entity1870 .

title: Comparison of the effect of oestradiol, @entity440 and @entity441 on nerve growth factor-alpha expression in specific neonatal XXXX uterine cell types using laser capture microdissection.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the efficacy and side effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat refractory neocortical @entity302 and study differences in effect between a figure-8 and round coil type. METHODS: This single-center randomized sham-controlled crossover trial (NCT01745952 on ClinicalTrials.gov) included 11 @entity1 with well-defined @entity1625 . rTMS (0.5 Hz) was targeted to the focus during three treatment conditions consisting of 1,500  stimulations/day for 10  weekdays at 90% of resting motor threshold (rMT) followed by a 10-week observation period. @entity1 were randomized for the order in which the figure-8, round, and sham coil were used. Outcome assessors and @entity1 were blinded to the type of coil used. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of @entity410 reduction after active rTMS treatment. Other outcome measures were responder rate, quality of life, and side effects. RESULTS: There was no difference between a figure-8 and round coil. None of the @entity1 achieved an overall 50% @entity410 reduction. One @entity1 responded during 1  month after treatment with either active coil, followed by a significant increase in @entity410 frequency. Another @entity1 had a fourfold increase in @entity410 frequency during rTMS treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides evidence that rTMS is on average not effective for reducing @entity410 frequency. No difference in effectiveness between the different coil types was observed. It can, however, exacerbate @entity410 during treatment and lead to a rebound in @entity410 frequency after an initial reduction.

title: Randomized crossover sham-controlled clinical trial of targeted low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation comparing a figure-8 and a round coil to treat refractory neocortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Since February 2003, we have conducted surgical treatment on 8 @entity1 complicated with chronic @entity955 during cardiac surgery. A radial procedure was conducted on 7 @entity1 , and @entity358 was conducted on 1 @entity1 . Underlying diseases included @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in 5 @entity1 , @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) in 1 @entity1 , @entity472 ( @entity472 ) + @entity4794 in 1 @entity1 and chronic type A dissociation in 1 @entity1 . Simultaneous procedures included @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in 3 @entity1 , mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 3 @entity1 , @entity886 ( @entity886 ) + MVR in 1 @entity1 , and aortic root reconstruction by reimplantation procedure + total arch replacement in 1 @entity1 . The operation time was 320 to 840 minutes and 458.1   171.1 minutes on average. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 204 to 404 minutes and 266.7    62.7 minutes on average. The aortic cross-clamp time was 142 to 271 minutes and 171   41.5 minutes on average. One @entity1 died in hospital. Six @entity1 returned to sinus rhythm, and 1 @entity1 required pacemaker implantation. The follow-up period was 2 to 37 months and 13.6    15 months on average. When cryoablation was changed to radiofrequency ablation to assist preparation of the block line, a tendency toward shortening of the aortic clamping time was observed.

title: Surgical treatment of chronic XXXX : Report of 8 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve plasty', 'MVP', 'MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AVR', 'aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ), a disorder caused almost exclusively by mutations in the X-linked gene, @entity20217 , has a phenotype thought to be primarily of neurological origin. Disruption of @entity20217 in @entity19 results in a prominent @entity6694 -like phenotype. One of the consequences of @entity20217 absence in the brain is altered functional and structural plasticity. We aimed to characterize synaptic effects related to plasticity in the hippocampus further and establish whether @entity154 are amenable to pharmacological reversal. Using male @entity19 in which @entity20217 expression was prevented by a stop cassette, we assessed synaptic plasticity in area @entity4778 at different phenotypic stages, scoring the @entity19 weekly for overt @entity6694 -like signs. Strongly symptomatic @entity20217 (stop/y) @entity19 displayed reduced long-term potentiation (LTP, 40.2  1.6% of wild-type), post-tetanic potentiation (PTP, 45  18.8% of wild-type) and paired-pulse facilitation ( @entity2848 , 78  0.1% of wild type) (all P<0.05), the impairment increasing with symptom severity score. These @entity73 were absent in presymptomatic @entity19 . Repeated high frequency stimulation revealed pronounced LTP saturation in symptomatic @entity20217 (stop/y) @entity19 , suggesting an LTP 'ceiling' effect. Bath application of the weak @entity143 receptor blocker @entity3393 (1  M) resulted in partial restoration of a short-term plasticity component. These data support that idea that progressive functional synaptic impairment is a key feature in the @entity6694 brain and demonstrate the potential for the pharmacological restoration of plasticity function.

title: Synaptic plasticity deficits in an experimental model of XXXX : long-term potentiation saturation and its pharmacological reversal.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['plasticity defects']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['plasticity impairments']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RTT', 'Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['rett syndrome']


abstract: A transient and reversible @entity998 state (LCOS) often occurs following surgery for @entity299 . Inappropriately managed LCOS is a risk factor for increased morbidity and @entity204 . LCOS may occasionally be progressive and refractory needing a period of "myocardial rest" with extracorporeal life support (ECLS). ECLS is currently considered a routine tool available for rapid deployment in most industrialized countries. Accumulated experience and refinements in technology have led to improving survivals - discharge survivals of 35%-50%, with almost 100% survival in select groups on elective left ventricular assist device. Thus, there is an increasing trend to initiate ECLS "early or electively in the operating room" in high-risk @entity1 . India has a huge potential need for ECLS given the large number of @entity1 presenting late with preexisting @entity67 or in circulatory collapse. ECLS is an expensive and resource consuming treatment modality and is not a viable therapeutic option in our country. The purpose of this paper is to reiterate an anticipatory, proactive approach to LCOS: (1) methods for early detection of evolving LCOS and (2) timely initiation of individualized therapy. This paper also explores what is feasible with the refinement of "simple, conventional, inexpensive strategies" for the management of LCOS. Therapy for LCOS should be multimodal based on the type of circulation and physiology. Our approach to LCOS includes: (1) intraoperative strategies, (2) aggressive afterload reduction, (3) lusitropy, (4) exclusion of structural defects, (5) harnessing cardiopulmonary interactions, and (6) addressing metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. We have achieved a discharge survival rate of greater than 97% with these simple methods.

title: Management of perioperative XXXX state without extracorporeal life support: What is feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cardiac output-low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['low cardiac output']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Compared with conventional microsurgical technique, the full endoscopic (FE) interlaminar approach is a more minimally invasive technique for the surgical treatment of @entity1798 herniations. Its efficacy and safety have been confirmed by numerous studies. However, a steep learning curve with the use of such a complex technique is a major concern for the initial adoption of this technique. PURPOSE: To evaluate the learning curve of using an FE interlaminar technique for the surgical treatment of @entity890 . STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of @entity1 with @entity890 who underwent discectomy via interlaminar approach assisted by FE instruments. @entity1 SAMPLE: Thirty @entity1 with @entity890 underwent discectomy using an interlaminar endoscopic-only approach between 2008 and 2009. METHODS: The @entity1 were divided into three groups of 10 sequential cases each. Group A consisted of the first 10 cases, Group B the subsequent 10 cases, and Group C the last 10 cases. The clinical evaluation data included operative time, length of hospital stay, visual analog scale (VAS) leg and back @entity158 scores, complications, and rate of conversion to an open. RESULTS: All @entity1 were observed prospectively for 1.61    0.22 years (range, 1.2-2.0 years). There was no measurable intraoperative bleeding and @entity86 in the three groups. Compared with Group A, the operative time in Group B was significantly decreased (p < .001). The @entity1 in Group C had much less operative time than in Group B (p = .002). There was no significant difference with length of hospital stay in the three groups (p = .897). The improvement of VAS leg and back @entity158 scores in each group was similar: there was a significant improvement (p < .01) at 3 months after surgery when compared with preoperative scores, but there was no statistical difference (p > .05) in the VAS leg and back @entity158 scores between 3 months after surgery and final follow-up. The complication rate was 12.5% for Group A, 10% for Group B, and 0% for Group C. The need for conversion to an open procedure for Group A was 20% compared with zero cases in both Groups B and C. There were no symptomatic recurrences in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent clinical and minimally invasive outcomes can be obtained in the surgical treatment of @entity890 via the interlaminar approach assisted by FE technique. However, attention must be paid to the steep learning curve by using this complex technique. Imprecise anatomic orientation and manipulation inside the spinal canal are key factors in the steep learning curve. Obtaining microsurgical experience, attending workshops, and suitable @entity1 selection can help shorten the learning curve and decrease the complications.

title: An evaluation of the learning curve for a complex surgical technique: the full endoscopic interlaminar approach for XXXX herniations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc']


abstract: BACKGROUND:     To correlate cerebral perfusion and flow patterns after @entity2998 revascularization within the circle of Willis ( @entity291 ). METHODS:     Sixty-five @entity1 (male/female ratio: 38/27; mean age: 63.2  8.4years; range: 44-82years) with symptomatic @entity2998 stenosis underwent magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and perfusion imaging prior to and after @entity2998 stenting (CAS). Regions of interest (ROIs) on the MR perfusion maps included the corona radiata (CR), centrum semiovale (CSO), occipital region (O), and basal ganglia region (BA) in both stented and non-stented hemispheres. The non-stented hemisphere was used as internal control. RESULTS:     Subjects were assigned to the altered @entity291 group (N=31) vs. the static @entity291 group (N=34). Thirty-one subjects (47.6%) had an altered flow pattern in the @entity291 after CAS, and thirty-four (52.4%) retained a static @entity291 configuration. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) interhemispheric index correlated with @entity291 morphologic alterations after carotid stenting. Altered @entity291 group had a higher regional interhemispheric index of rCBV in the CR (1.23  0.15 vs. 0.87  0.13; P=0.03) and basal ganglia (1.25  0.12 vs. 0.91  0.11; P=0.03) compared to the static group. CONCLUSIONS:     An association between the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) interhemispheric asymmetry and @entity291 collateralization was observed. In addition, the CR, rather than CSO, was found to have topographic significance.

title: Correlation between the flow pattern of the circle of Willis and segmental perfusion asymmetry after XXXX revascularization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery']


abstract: This trial was designed to determine the 1-year survival rate, efficacy, and safety, produced by @entity1945 and @entity136 as first line chemotherapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Fifty-three @entity1 were enrolled; 51 received treatment. @entity1945 1 mg/m(2), days 1-5 and @entity136 1 g/m(2) days 1 and 15 were administered IV, each drug over 30 min; cycles consisted of 28 days. Treatment continued until progressive disease or intolerable @entity137 . Nineteen @entity1 (36%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group criteria performance status (ECOG PS) = 0, 34 (64%) PS = 1. Median age was 64 years; 37 @entity1 (70%) were male. HISTOLOGY: @entity420 (42%), @entity957 (28%), large cell (19%), and unclassified (11%). Among 47 evaluable @entity1 , eight (17%) had partial response, 11 (23%) had stable disease. One-year survival was 39% and median survival was 7.6 months (range, < 1-19.6). Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 included @entity1398 (53%), @entity417 (18%), @entity882 (12%), @entity1395 (8%), and @entity344 (8%); three @entity1 (6%) experienced @entity221 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The combination @entity1945 / @entity136 produced a 1-year survival similar to previous @entity902 -based regimens, when used as first line chemotherapy for @entity1149 . The @entity137 profile was acceptable.

title: A phase II multicenter study of combined @entity1945 and @entity136 as first line chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['ANSCLC', 'advanced non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['Topotecan', 'topotecan']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['advanced non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: This trial was designed to determine the 1-year survival rate, efficacy, and safety, produced by @entity1945 and @entity136 as first line chemotherapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Fifty-three @entity1 were enrolled; 51 received treatment. @entity1945 1 mg/m(2), days 1-5 and @entity136 1 g/m(2) days 1 and 15 were administered IV, each drug over 30 min; cycles consisted of 28 days. Treatment continued until progressive disease or intolerable @entity137 . Nineteen @entity1 (36%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group criteria performance status (ECOG PS) = 0, 34 (64%) PS = 1. Median age was 64 years; 37 @entity1 (70%) were male. HISTOLOGY: @entity420 (42%), @entity957 (28%), large cell (19%), and unclassified (11%). Among 47 evaluable @entity1 , eight (17%) had partial response, 11 (23%) had stable disease. One-year survival was 39% and median survival was 7.6 months (range, < 1-19.6). Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 included @entity1398 (53%), @entity417 (18%), @entity882 (12%), @entity1395 (8%), and @entity344 (8%); three @entity1 (6%) experienced @entity221 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The combination @entity1945 / @entity136 produced a 1-year survival similar to previous @entity902 -based regimens, when used as first line chemotherapy for @entity1149 . The @entity137 profile was acceptable.

title: A phase II multicenter study of combined XXXX and @entity136 as first line chemotherapy for @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']


abstract: This trial was designed to determine the 1-year survival rate, efficacy, and safety, produced by @entity1945 and @entity136 as first line chemotherapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Fifty-three @entity1 were enrolled; 51 received treatment. @entity1945 1 mg/m(2), days 1-5 and @entity136 1 g/m(2) days 1 and 15 were administered IV, each drug over 30 min; cycles consisted of 28 days. Treatment continued until progressive disease or intolerable @entity137 . Nineteen @entity1 (36%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group criteria performance status (ECOG PS) = 0, 34 (64%) PS = 1. Median age was 64 years; 37 @entity1 (70%) were male. HISTOLOGY: @entity420 (42%), @entity957 (28%), large cell (19%), and unclassified (11%). Among 47 evaluable @entity1 , eight (17%) had partial response, 11 (23%) had stable disease. One-year survival was 39% and median survival was 7.6 months (range, < 1-19.6). Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 included @entity1398 (53%), @entity417 (18%), @entity882 (12%), @entity1395 (8%), and @entity344 (8%); three @entity1 (6%) experienced @entity221 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The combination @entity1945 / @entity136 produced a 1-year survival similar to previous @entity902 -based regimens, when used as first line chemotherapy for @entity1149 . The @entity137 profile was acceptable.

title: A phase II multicenter study of combined @entity1945 and XXXX as first line chemotherapy for @entity1149 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity1206 administered in a doublet with @entity900 has become a standard treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, @entity3003 appears to provide comparable efficacy with a better nonhematologic safety profile than @entity900 . Herein we report the results of a phase I/II trial of weekly @entity1206 and divided-dose @entity3003 in @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 2, and adequate bone marrow. @entity1 received @entity1206 starting at 20 mg/m(2) (to 25 mg/m(2)) and @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 2.5 in divided-doses, both given on Days 1 and 8 every 21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles or until disease progression. Dose-limiting @entity137 was defined for Cycles 1 and 2. @entity5 response and @entity137 were assessed using standard criteria. Twenty-one @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years (range, 43-79) and stage IIIB/IV (8/13) disease were enrolled. All but 1 @entity1 were chemotherapy-nai;ve; the majority (n = 20) had good performance status (< or = 1). Seventy-nine courses (median, 4) were administered. The @entity1206 / @entity3003 doublet was well tolerated, with 7 courses interrupted or delayed because of @entity137 . @entity137 were generally mild and evenly divided between hematologic (i.e., @entity1398 ) and nonhematologic (i.e., fatigue). No growth factor support was required for hematologic @entity137 . There was only one case of grade 2 @entity1665 , and no cases of > or = grade 2 @entity2359 . There were 5 (24%) partial responses, and 9 (43%) @entity1 had stable disease. Weekly @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) and divided-dose @entity3003 AUC 2.5 is a well tolerated regimen with activity in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . Further evaluation of this regimen in combination with novel targeted biologic therapy is warranted.

title: Phase I/II trial of @entity1206 and divided-dose @entity3003 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinorelbine', 'vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1206 administered in a doublet with @entity900 has become a standard treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, @entity3003 appears to provide comparable efficacy with a better nonhematologic safety profile than @entity900 . Herein we report the results of a phase I/II trial of weekly @entity1206 and divided-dose @entity3003 in @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 2, and adequate bone marrow. @entity1 received @entity1206 starting at 20 mg/m(2) (to 25 mg/m(2)) and @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 2.5 in divided-doses, both given on Days 1 and 8 every 21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles or until disease progression. Dose-limiting @entity137 was defined for Cycles 1 and 2. @entity5 response and @entity137 were assessed using standard criteria. Twenty-one @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years (range, 43-79) and stage IIIB/IV (8/13) disease were enrolled. All but 1 @entity1 were chemotherapy-nai;ve; the majority (n = 20) had good performance status (< or = 1). Seventy-nine courses (median, 4) were administered. The @entity1206 / @entity3003 doublet was well tolerated, with 7 courses interrupted or delayed because of @entity137 . @entity137 were generally mild and evenly divided between hematologic (i.e., @entity1398 ) and nonhematologic (i.e., fatigue). No growth factor support was required for hematologic @entity137 . There was only one case of grade 2 @entity1665 , and no cases of > or = grade 2 @entity2359 . There were 5 (24%) partial responses, and 9 (43%) @entity1 had stable disease. Weekly @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) and divided-dose @entity3003 AUC 2.5 is a well tolerated regimen with activity in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . Further evaluation of this regimen in combination with novel targeted biologic therapy is warranted.

title: Phase I/II trial of @entity1206 and divided-dose XXXX in advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: @entity1206 administered in a doublet with @entity900 has become a standard treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, @entity3003 appears to provide comparable efficacy with a better nonhematologic safety profile than @entity900 . Herein we report the results of a phase I/II trial of weekly @entity1206 and divided-dose @entity3003 in @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 2, and adequate bone marrow. @entity1 received @entity1206 starting at 20 mg/m(2) (to 25 mg/m(2)) and @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 2.5 in divided-doses, both given on Days 1 and 8 every 21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles or until disease progression. Dose-limiting @entity137 was defined for Cycles 1 and 2. @entity5 response and @entity137 were assessed using standard criteria. Twenty-one @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years (range, 43-79) and stage IIIB/IV (8/13) disease were enrolled. All but 1 @entity1 were chemotherapy-nai;ve; the majority (n = 20) had good performance status (< or = 1). Seventy-nine courses (median, 4) were administered. The @entity1206 / @entity3003 doublet was well tolerated, with 7 courses interrupted or delayed because of @entity137 . @entity137 were generally mild and evenly divided between hematologic (i.e., @entity1398 ) and nonhematologic (i.e., fatigue). No growth factor support was required for hematologic @entity137 . There was only one case of grade 2 @entity1665 , and no cases of > or = grade 2 @entity2359 . There were 5 (24%) partial responses, and 9 (43%) @entity1 had stable disease. Weekly @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) and divided-dose @entity3003 AUC 2.5 is a well tolerated regimen with activity in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . Further evaluation of this regimen in combination with novel targeted biologic therapy is warranted.

title: Phase I/II trial of XXXX and divided-dose @entity3003 in advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors mediate a systemic antitumor activity via antiangiogenesis and seem to enhance the response of @entity5 to radiation. Radiosensitizing effects of @entity3840 inhibition have not been reported for bone @entity3 . Therefore, the aim of this study was the investigation of the radiosensitizing effects of the selective @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 in secondary @entity3478 of a @entity1149 in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 A549 lung @entity189 were implanted into a cranial window preparation in male @entity915 @entity19 (n = 24). Animals were treated with either @entity12698 or radiation (7 Gy single photon dose) alone or a combination of @entity12698 and radiation, respectively. Untreated animals served as controls. The impact of radiation and @entity3840 inhibition on angiogenesis, microcirculation, and @entity5 growth was analyzed over 28 days by means of intravital microscopy and histological methods. RESULTS: Monotherapies with radiation as well as @entity12698 had significant antitumor effects compared to untreated controls. Both therapies reduced @entity5 growth and vascularization to a similar extent. The simultaneous administration of @entity12698 and radiation further enhanced the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of single-beam radiation. With the combined treatment approach, @entity5 vascularization and @entity5 size were decreased by 57% and 51%, respectively, as compared to monotherapy with radiation. CONCLUSION: The combined application of radiation therapy and @entity3840 inhibition showed synergistic effects concerning the inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity5 angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of radiation with @entity3840 inhibitor therapy represents a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy of bone @entity3 .

title: XXXX enhances radiation response of secondary @entity3478 of a @entity1 @entity1149 via antiangiogenesis in vivo.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['Celecoxib']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors mediate a systemic antitumor activity via antiangiogenesis and seem to enhance the response of @entity5 to radiation. Radiosensitizing effects of @entity3840 inhibition have not been reported for bone @entity3 . Therefore, the aim of this study was the investigation of the radiosensitizing effects of the selective @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 in secondary @entity3478 of a @entity1149 in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 A549 lung @entity189 were implanted into a cranial window preparation in male @entity915 @entity19 (n = 24). Animals were treated with either @entity12698 or radiation (7 Gy single photon dose) alone or a combination of @entity12698 and radiation, respectively. Untreated animals served as controls. The impact of radiation and @entity3840 inhibition on angiogenesis, microcirculation, and @entity5 growth was analyzed over 28 days by means of intravital microscopy and histological methods. RESULTS: Monotherapies with radiation as well as @entity12698 had significant antitumor effects compared to untreated controls. Both therapies reduced @entity5 growth and vascularization to a similar extent. The simultaneous administration of @entity12698 and radiation further enhanced the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of single-beam radiation. With the combined treatment approach, @entity5 vascularization and @entity5 size were decreased by 57% and 51%, respectively, as compared to monotherapy with radiation. CONCLUSION: The combined application of radiation therapy and @entity3840 inhibition showed synergistic effects concerning the inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity5 angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of radiation with @entity3840 inhibitor therapy represents a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy of bone @entity3 .

title: @entity12698 enhances radiation response of secondary @entity3478 of a @entity1 XXXX via antiangiogenesis in vivo.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors mediate a systemic antitumor activity via antiangiogenesis and seem to enhance the response of @entity5 to radiation. Radiosensitizing effects of @entity3840 inhibition have not been reported for bone @entity3 . Therefore, the aim of this study was the investigation of the radiosensitizing effects of the selective @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 in secondary @entity3478 of a @entity1149 in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 A549 lung @entity189 were implanted into a cranial window preparation in male @entity915 @entity19 (n = 24). Animals were treated with either @entity12698 or radiation (7 Gy single photon dose) alone or a combination of @entity12698 and radiation, respectively. Untreated animals served as controls. The impact of radiation and @entity3840 inhibition on angiogenesis, microcirculation, and @entity5 growth was analyzed over 28 days by means of intravital microscopy and histological methods. RESULTS: Monotherapies with radiation as well as @entity12698 had significant antitumor effects compared to untreated controls. Both therapies reduced @entity5 growth and vascularization to a similar extent. The simultaneous administration of @entity12698 and radiation further enhanced the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of single-beam radiation. With the combined treatment approach, @entity5 vascularization and @entity5 size were decreased by 57% and 51%, respectively, as compared to monotherapy with radiation. CONCLUSION: The combined application of radiation therapy and @entity3840 inhibition showed synergistic effects concerning the inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity5 angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of radiation with @entity3840 inhibitor therapy represents a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy of bone @entity3 .

title: @entity12698 enhances radiation response of secondary XXXX of a @entity1 @entity1149 via antiangiogenesis in vivo.

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors mediate a systemic antitumor activity via antiangiogenesis and seem to enhance the response of @entity5 to radiation. Radiosensitizing effects of @entity3840 inhibition have not been reported for bone @entity3 . Therefore, the aim of this study was the investigation of the radiosensitizing effects of the selective @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 in secondary @entity3478 of a @entity1149 in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 A549 lung @entity189 were implanted into a cranial window preparation in male @entity915 @entity19 (n = 24). Animals were treated with either @entity12698 or radiation (7 Gy single photon dose) alone or a combination of @entity12698 and radiation, respectively. Untreated animals served as controls. The impact of radiation and @entity3840 inhibition on angiogenesis, microcirculation, and @entity5 growth was analyzed over 28 days by means of intravital microscopy and histological methods. RESULTS: Monotherapies with radiation as well as @entity12698 had significant antitumor effects compared to untreated controls. Both therapies reduced @entity5 growth and vascularization to a similar extent. The simultaneous administration of @entity12698 and radiation further enhanced the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of single-beam radiation. With the combined treatment approach, @entity5 vascularization and @entity5 size were decreased by 57% and 51%, respectively, as compared to monotherapy with radiation. CONCLUSION: The combined application of radiation therapy and @entity3840 inhibition showed synergistic effects concerning the inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity5 angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of radiation with @entity3840 inhibitor therapy represents a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy of bone @entity3 .

title: @entity12698 enhances radiation response of secondary @entity3478 of a XXXX @entity1149 via antiangiogenesis in vivo.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Perineal @entity547 is a challenging complication after abdominoperineal excision (APE) of the rectum. Surgical repair can be accomplished using challenging abdominal or transperineal approaches. A laparoscopic repair using a Proceed mesh might be an easy and effective alternative. METHODS: We describe a multi-center case-series of twelve @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity9 treated by laparoscopic mesh repair. A cone-shaped 10  *  15  cm Proceed Mesh was tacked to the promontory or sacrum and sutured to the pelvic sidewalls and the anterior peritoneum. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 underwent laparoscopic repair of their @entity9 . Four @entity1 and eight @entity1 presented with a symptomatic @entity9 after abdominoperineal excision between 2008 and 2013 and underwent a laparoscopic repair with a Proceed mesh. The median age at presentation was 53  years (range 39-68  years). The mean total theater time was 119  min (range 75-200  min). No conversion to an open procedure was needed. No early complications where seen. The mean hospital stay was 2.25  days (range 1-4  days). Three @entity1 showed recurrence, of whom two had a defect in the middle of the proceed mesh, one had a defect anterior to the previous @entity9 . All 3 @entity1 underwent a redo-laparoscopic repair with mesh. CONCLUSION: In this case series we present an alternative approach for the surgical repair of perineal @entity547 . Based on our experience, @entity9 after APE can be repaired safely and effectively using the described laparoscopic technique.

title: Laparoscopic repair of XXXX after abdominoperineal excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['perineal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['perineal hernia']


abstract: The gene VI protein (P6) of @entity3260 ) functions as a virulence factor in crucifers by eliciting @entity1109 in infected plants. The ability to induce @entity24194 has been associated previously with P6 through gene-swapping experiments between strains and through the development of transgenic plants that express P6. The primary role that has been identified for P6 in the @entity3260 infection cycle is to modify the host translation machinery to facilitate the translation of the polycistronic @entity3260 35S RNA. This function for P6 has been designated as the translational transactivator ( @entity16491 ) function. In the present study, we have characterized an unusual variant of P6, derived from @entity3260 D4, that does not induce @entity24194 upon transformation into @entity958 . The level of D4 P6 produced in transgenic @entity958 line D4-2 was comparable to the amount found in transgenic plants homozygous for W260 and CM1841 P6, two versions of P6 that induce strong @entity1109 and stunting in @entity958 . A complementation assay proved that P6 expressed in the D4-2 line was functional, as it could support the systemic infection of a CM1841 mutant that contained a lethal frame-shift mutation within gene VI. This complementation assay allowed us to separately assess the contribution of CM1841 gene VI to symptom development versus the contribution of other CM1841 genes. Furthermore, a previous study had shown that the @entity16491 activity of D4 P6 was comparable to that of W260 P6. That comparative analysis of @entity16491 function, coupled with the characterization of the D4-2 transgenic line in the present paper, indicates that the @entity16491 function of P6 may play only a minor role in the development of @entity1109 .

title: Differential induction of symptoms in @entity958 by P6 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity3260 :: ('10641', 'Species') :: ['CaMV strain', 'Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV', 'CaMV']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['chlorotic symptoms']

answer: @entity3260 :: (10641,Species) :: ['Cauliflower mosaic virus']


abstract: The gene VI protein (P6) of @entity3260 ) functions as a virulence factor in crucifers by eliciting @entity1109 in infected plants. The ability to induce @entity24194 has been associated previously with P6 through gene-swapping experiments between strains and through the development of transgenic plants that express P6. The primary role that has been identified for P6 in the @entity3260 infection cycle is to modify the host translation machinery to facilitate the translation of the polycistronic @entity3260 35S RNA. This function for P6 has been designated as the translational transactivator ( @entity16491 ) function. In the present study, we have characterized an unusual variant of P6, derived from @entity3260 D4, that does not induce @entity24194 upon transformation into @entity958 . The level of D4 P6 produced in transgenic @entity958 line D4-2 was comparable to the amount found in transgenic plants homozygous for W260 and CM1841 P6, two versions of P6 that induce strong @entity1109 and stunting in @entity958 . A complementation assay proved that P6 expressed in the D4-2 line was functional, as it could support the systemic infection of a CM1841 mutant that contained a lethal frame-shift mutation within gene VI. This complementation assay allowed us to separately assess the contribution of CM1841 gene VI to symptom development versus the contribution of other CM1841 genes. Furthermore, a previous study had shown that the @entity16491 activity of D4 P6 was comparable to that of W260 P6. That comparative analysis of @entity16491 function, coupled with the characterization of the D4-2 transgenic line in the present paper, indicates that the @entity16491 function of P6 may play only a minor role in the development of @entity1109 .

title: Differential induction of symptoms in XXXX by P6 of @entity3260 .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transradial approach (TRA), when compared with transfemoral, improves the safety of percutaneous coronary procedures. @entity432 variants are known to hinder the performance of transradial approach percutaneous coronary procedures. Data on the occurrence of @entity432 variants in the right and left arm arterial axes of individual @entity1 are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS: From a single-center prospective registry, we selected all @entity1 in whom bilateral upper limb arterial anatomy was assessed based on the performance of left and right radial catheterization obtained during the same or during repeat coronary diagnostic or interventional procedure(s). The occurrence of upper right and left limb @entity432 variants was classified according to the previously described operative ABC classification. A total of 610 @entity1 were identified. An ABC upper limb @entity432 variant was detected in 156 (25.6%) @entity1 . Variants were right-sided only in 65 (11.0%), left-sided only in 40 (6.6%), and bilateral in 46 (7.5%) @entity1 . Thus, @entity432 variants were significantly more common in the right side (P=0.02). Bilateral arterial variants were significantly associated with age, female sex, and valvulopathy. Both A (radial/brachial) and B (axillary/subclavian/innominate) variants exhibited concordance across the 2 sides (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.1-12.7 and 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-30.9, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of an anatomic variant potentially hindering transradial approach coronary diagnostic or interventional procedures is bilateral in <8% of cases and is more common in the right arm. Such information may guide, during the clinical practice, the access selection in the case of repeat procedures or need for additional accesses.

title: Comparison of Right and Left Upper Limb Arterial Variants in XXXX Undergoing Bilateral Transradial Procedures.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial axis', 'arterial axis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the overall prevalence of animals that were infected with @entity3069 ssp. @entity3068 in a subpopulation of Alabama beef @entity291 . This was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of @entity3069 ssp. @entity3068 -specific antibodies in serum. Serum was collected from 79 herds that were participating in the Alabama Brucellosis Certification program. A total of 2,073 beef @entity291 were randomly tested by selecting 30 animals per herd in herds greater than 30 and selecting all animals in herds 30 and less for testing. It has been estimated that the commercial ELISA test used has a 60% sensitivity and a 97% specificity. Of the 79 herds tested, 29 herds were seronegative, 24 herds had 1-2 positive animals, and 26 herds had 3 or more seropositive animals. The average number of infected animals per positive herd was 3.3. In addition, a calculated minimum of 53.5% of the herds were identified as Johne's positive herds with a 95% confidence level. Of the total number of animals tested, 8.0% (166/2,073) of them were positive by the ELISA. After adjustments for test sensitivity and specificity and the proportion of animals sampled per herd, the true prevalence was calculated to be 8.75%. These data suggest that approximately 50% of the herds are infected with @entity3069 ssp. @entity3068 , and the overall prevalence of @entity281 in Alabama beef @entity291 is approximately 8%, which correlates with other previously published regional estimates.

title: An estimated prevalence of XXXX in a subpopulation of Alabama beef @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['Paratuberculosis', 'paratuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium', 'Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['Johne's disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the overall prevalence of animals that were infected with @entity3069 ssp. @entity3068 in a subpopulation of Alabama beef @entity291 . This was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of @entity3069 ssp. @entity3068 -specific antibodies in serum. Serum was collected from 79 herds that were participating in the Alabama Brucellosis Certification program. A total of 2,073 beef @entity291 were randomly tested by selecting 30 animals per herd in herds greater than 30 and selecting all animals in herds 30 and less for testing. It has been estimated that the commercial ELISA test used has a 60% sensitivity and a 97% specificity. Of the 79 herds tested, 29 herds were seronegative, 24 herds had 1-2 positive animals, and 26 herds had 3 or more seropositive animals. The average number of infected animals per positive herd was 3.3. In addition, a calculated minimum of 53.5% of the herds were identified as Johne's positive herds with a 95% confidence level. Of the total number of animals tested, 8.0% (166/2,073) of them were positive by the ELISA. After adjustments for test sensitivity and specificity and the proportion of animals sampled per herd, the true prevalence was calculated to be 8.75%. These data suggest that approximately 50% of the herds are infected with @entity3069 ssp. @entity3068 , and the overall prevalence of @entity281 in Alabama beef @entity291 is approximately 8%, which correlates with other previously published regional estimates.

title: An estimated prevalence of @entity3068 in a subpopulation of Alabama beef XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: This multicenter, prospective, country-wide quality-assurance study at more than 300 hospitals in Germany was designed to characterize and analyze the diagnostic accuracy of rectal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the routine clinical staging of @entity189 (depth of @entity5 infiltration). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were surveyed between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2008. Those who received neoadjuvant therapy after EUS were excluded. The correspondence between the EUS assessment of @entity5 depth (uT) and that determined by histology (pT) was calculated, and the influence of hospital volume upon the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was investigated. RESULTS: At 384 hospitals providing care at all levels, 29206 @entity1 were included; of the 27458 treated by surgical resection, EUS was performed for 12235 (44.6%). Of these, 7096 did not receive neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, allowing a uT-pT comparison. The uT-pT correspondence was 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.6%-65.8%); the frequency of understaging was 18% (95%CI 17.1%-18.9%) and that of overstaging was 17.3% (95%CI 16.4%-18.2%). The kappa coefficient was greatest in the category T1 (k   =   0.591). For T3 @entity5 k was 0.468. The poorest correspondence was found for T2 and T4 @entity5 (k   =   0.367 and 0.321, respectively). A breakdown by hospital volume showed that the uT-pT correspondence was 63.2% (95%CI 61.5%-64.9%) for hospitals undertaking  <=   10   EUS/year, 64.6% (95%CI 62.9%-66.2%) for doing 11-30   EUS/year, and 73.1% (95%CI 69.4%-76.5%) for those hospitals performing >   30   EUS/year. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical routine, the diagnostic accuracy of transrectal ultrasound in staging @entity189 does not attain the very good results reported in the literature. Only in the hands of diagnosticians with a large case volume of @entity189 @entity1 can EUS lead to therapy-relevant decisions.

title: Endorectal ultrasound in XXXX --do the literature results really correspond to the realities of routine clinical care?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: 148 @entity1 under the age of 5 have been identified from the files of the National Cancer Registry of the GDR. They all had @entity5 of the central nervous system (CNS), which were histopathologically diagnosed in the period 1975 to 1980. Additional information concerning their health status and diseases was collected from birth history, postnatal care-unit files, out- and in- @entity1 medical records and other sources. Based on these materials the time of clinical onset of the disease has been elucidated. In 12 of the 148 @entity1 the onset was in the perinatal period and in another 36 during the first year of life. 1,322,450 births took place in the GDR in the index period. The incidence of @entity5 of the CNS with onset of signs and symptoms prior to the end of the first year of life was 3.6 per 100,000 births. The most common type of @entity5 was @entity816 , with an incidence of 0.9/100,000. It is followed in frequency by other @entity4969 and by intracranial @entity44 . No @entity1653 or @entity977 had their onset in infancy. The conclusion is drawn that the incidence of @entity4969 is almost the same in newborns and @entity1 as it is in older age groups. The findings contradict the genera view, that CNS @entity5 in @entity1 are very rare.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX of the central nervous system in the 1st year of life].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is abundant evidence that glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity contribute to impaired b-cell function in @entity164 2 @entity6 . Interestingly, @entity535 (AA) derangement is also a characteristic part of the @entity6 state. The acute effects of AA on pancreatic b-cell function have been widely explored; however, to our knowledge, the chronic effects of AA, e.g. @entity1521 (Pro), @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ), and @entity368 (Leu), on pancreatic b-cell function and integrity have not yet been studied. We aimed to investigate global alterations in b-cell gene expression after long-term exposure of clonal INS-1E cells to elevated level of specific AA in vitro. METHODS: Global gene expression profiling was performed to characterize genes differently modified by Pro, @entity5784 , and Leu, respectively, in INS-1E cells. RESULTS: Gene expression profiling revealed significant changes in INS-1E cell mRNAs involved in the control of several aspects of b-cell function, e.g. epigenetic regulation of gene expression, metabolism, innate and adaptive immune responses, cellular signalling, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and cellular stress response. After 72 h, INS-1E cells were differentially regulated (>= 1.5- or  <= -1.5-fold) by Pro (295 transcripts), @entity5784 (301 transcripts), and Leu (701 transcripts). It appears that @entity5784 effects changes opposite to those induced by Leu and/or Pro. CONCLUSIONS: AA appears to participate in and to influence many physiological processes including those involved in @entity165 metabolism, immune responses, and oxidative phosphorylation. Whether such events promote the b-cell dysfunction and the b-cell failure in @entity6 remains to be elucidated. Our data strongly indicate that AA elevation may take part in the progressive development of @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: XXXX -induced gene expression profiling in clonal b-cell line INS-1E cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidermal pseudotumours from Hippoglossoides dubius and Acanthogobius flavimanus in Japan and gill lesions in Limanda limanda from the UK have been shown to be caused by phylogenetically related protozoan parasites, known collectively as X-cells. However, the phylogenetic position of the X-cell group is not well supported within any of the existing protozoan phyla and they are currently thought to be members of the Alveolata.Ultrastructural features of X-cells in fish pseudotumours are somewhat limited and no typical environmental stages, such as spores or flagellated cells, have been observed. The life cycles for these parasites have not been demonstrated and it remains unknown how transmission to a new host occurs. In the present study, pseudobranchial pseudotumours from @entity7980 , @entity7980 , in Iceland and @entity4890 from the northern black flounder, Pseudopleuronectes obscurus, in Japan were used in experimental transmission studies to establish whether direct transmission of the parasite is achievable. In addition, X-cells from @entity7980 were sequenced to confirm whether they are phylogenetically related to other X-cells and @entity4890 from the northern black flounder were analysed to establish whether the same parasite is responsible for infecting different flatfish species in Japan. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data from @entity7980 X-cells show that they are a related parasite that occupies a basal position to the clade containing other X-cell parasites. The X-cell parasite causing @entity4890 in @entity72340 is the same parasite that causes pseudotumours in @entity72341 . Direct, fish to fish, transmission of the X-cell parasites used in this study, via oral feeding or injection, was not achieved. Non-amoeboid X-cells are contained within discrete sac-like structures that are loosely attached to @entity4890 in flatfish; these X-cells are able to tolerate exposure to seawater. A sensitive nested PCR assay was developed for the sub clinical detection of both parasites and to assist in future life cycle studies. PCR revealed that the parasite in @entity72340 was detectable in non-pseudotumourous areas of fish that had pseudotumours present in other areas of the body. CONCLUSIONS: The inability to successfully transmit both parasites in this study suggests that either host detachment combined with a period of independent development or an alternate host is required to complete the life cycle for X-cell parasites. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA confirm a monophyletic grouping for all sequenced X-cell parasites, but do not robustly support their placement within any established protist phylum. Analysis of SSU rDNA from X-cells in Japanese flatfish reveals that the same parasite can infect more than one species of fish.

title: Molecular identification and transmission studies of X-cell parasites from XXXX @entity7980 (Gadiformes: Gadidae) and the northern black flounder Pseudopleuronectes obscurus (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae).

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal pseudotumours']

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Gadus morhua', 'Atlantic cod']

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Atlantic cod']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidermal pseudotumours from Hippoglossoides dubius and Acanthogobius flavimanus in Japan and gill lesions in Limanda limanda from the UK have been shown to be caused by phylogenetically related protozoan parasites, known collectively as X-cells. However, the phylogenetic position of the X-cell group is not well supported within any of the existing protozoan phyla and they are currently thought to be members of the Alveolata.Ultrastructural features of X-cells in fish pseudotumours are somewhat limited and no typical environmental stages, such as spores or flagellated cells, have been observed. The life cycles for these parasites have not been demonstrated and it remains unknown how transmission to a new host occurs. In the present study, pseudobranchial pseudotumours from @entity7980 , @entity7980 , in Iceland and @entity4890 from the northern black flounder, Pseudopleuronectes obscurus, in Japan were used in experimental transmission studies to establish whether direct transmission of the parasite is achievable. In addition, X-cells from @entity7980 were sequenced to confirm whether they are phylogenetically related to other X-cells and @entity4890 from the northern black flounder were analysed to establish whether the same parasite is responsible for infecting different flatfish species in Japan. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data from @entity7980 X-cells show that they are a related parasite that occupies a basal position to the clade containing other X-cell parasites. The X-cell parasite causing @entity4890 in @entity72340 is the same parasite that causes pseudotumours in @entity72341 . Direct, fish to fish, transmission of the X-cell parasites used in this study, via oral feeding or injection, was not achieved. Non-amoeboid X-cells are contained within discrete sac-like structures that are loosely attached to @entity4890 in flatfish; these X-cells are able to tolerate exposure to seawater. A sensitive nested PCR assay was developed for the sub clinical detection of both parasites and to assist in future life cycle studies. PCR revealed that the parasite in @entity72340 was detectable in non-pseudotumourous areas of fish that had pseudotumours present in other areas of the body. CONCLUSIONS: The inability to successfully transmit both parasites in this study suggests that either host detachment combined with a period of independent development or an alternate host is required to complete the life cycle for X-cell parasites. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA confirm a monophyletic grouping for all sequenced X-cell parasites, but do not robustly support their placement within any established protist phylum. Analysis of SSU rDNA from X-cells in Japanese flatfish reveals that the same parasite can infect more than one species of fish.

title: Molecular identification and transmission studies of X-cell parasites from @entity7980 XXXX (Gadiformes: Gadidae) and the northern black flounder Pseudopleuronectes obscurus (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae).

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Gadus morhua']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to estimate the distribution of udder pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in Estonia during the years 2007-2009. METHODS: The bacteriological findings reported in this study originate from quarter milk samples collected from @entity291 on Estonian dairy farms that had clinical or subclinical @entity1271 . The samples were submitted by local veterinarians to the Estonian Veterinary and Food Laboratory during 2007-2009. Milk samples were examined by conventional bacteriology. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with the disc diffusion test. Logistic regression with a random herd effect to control for clustering was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, 3058 clinical @entity1271 samples from 190 farms and 5146 subclinical @entity1271 samples from 274 farms were investigated. Positive results were found in 57% of the samples (4680 out of 8204), and the proportion did not differ according to year (p > 0.05). The proportion of bacteriologically negative samples was 22.3% and that of mixed growth was 20.6%. @entity8211 . uberis) was the bacterium isolated most frequently (18.4%) from cases of clinical @entity1271 , followed by @entity526 (E. coli) (15.9%) and @entity5967 . agalactiae) (11.9%). The bacteria that caused subclinical @entity1271 were mainly @entity794 ( @entity794 ) (20%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (15.4%). The probability of isolating @entity794 from milk samples was significantly higher on farms that had fewer than 30 @entity291 , when compared with farms that had more than 100 @entity291 (p < 0.005). A significantly higher risk of Str. agalactiae @entity281 was found on farms with more than 600 @entity291 (p = 0.034) compared with smaller farms. The proportion of @entity794 and CNS isolates that were resistant to @entity114 was 61.4% and 38.5%, respectively. Among the @entity526 isolates, @entity869 , @entity3639 and @entity803 resistance were observed in 24.3%, 15.6% and 13.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the main pathogens associated with clinical @entity1271 were Str. uberis and @entity526 . Subclinical @entity1271 was caused mainly by @entity794 and CNS. The number of @entity794 and Str. agalactiae isolates depended on herd size. Antimicrobial resistance was highly prevalent, especially @entity114 resistance in @entity794 and CNS.

title: Udder pathogens and their resistance to antimicrobial agents in dairy XXXX in Estonia.

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae (Str']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis (Str']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of preoperative transcervical @entity1337 for reducing @entity282 from laparoscopic sterilization with Filshie clips. DESIGN: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Gynecologic day-care clinic of Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. SAMPLE: Seventy-eight healthy @entity1 were attending the public hospital requesting sterilization. METHODS: @entity1 received @entity1341 0.25% 20 mL or placebo normal saline 20 mL injected into the uterus, though the fallopian tubes and into the pelvis before tubal occlusion with Filshie clips. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-operative visual analog @entity158 score and request for @entity1337 were recorded. RESULTS: At 30 min after clip application there was a non-significant reduction in @entity158 -score on VAS. However, @entity47421 h median @entity158 score on VAS was similar in both groups. @entity1 request for postoperative @entity1337 was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative transcervical perfusion of the uterus, fallopian tubes and into the pelvis did not reduce @entity282 or request for analgesics after laparoscopic sterilization with Filshie clips.

title: Preoperative transcervical XXXX for laparoscopic sterilization with Filshie clips. A double blind randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The aim was to analyze the relationship between @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and vascular risk among the aged. A prospective population-based study, with a 9-year follow-up. All subjects of the municipality of Lieto in Finland aged >= 64 in 1998-99 participated (n = 1183). Hazard ratios (HRs) for fatal or non-fatal coronary (CHD), cerebrovascular (CV), or all vascular events predicted by @entity209 (defined by International @entity6 Federation) were estimated. During the 9-year follow-up, a total of 348 vascular events occurred, including 208 CHD and 150 CV events. After multivariable adjustment, CHD events (1.70, 1.07-2.71, P = .026) and vascular events (1.57, 1.07-2.30, P = .021) were more common in @entity1 with @entity209 compared to @entity1 without it. Evaluating @entity209 components individually, low HDL- @entity165 among @entity1 predicted a higher occurrence of CV (2.44, 1.46-4.09, P < .001) and all vascular (1.78, 1.26-2.53, P = .001) events. Elevated blood pressure among @entity1 was related to fewer CHD events (0.46, 0.25-0.83, P = .010). Our findings suggest that @entity209 does predict vascular events in late life among @entity1 . In older @entity1 , only low HDL- @entity165 was associated with vascular risk. Slightly or moderately elevated blood pressure values do not predict vascular events in this age group.

title: XXXX and vascular risk: a 9-year follow-up among the aged in Finland.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: @entity2631 is associated with intractable hand @entity158 from @entity2553 , digital @entity63 , @entity2762 , and nerve entrapment. This study investigated the effect of hydrodissection of the @entity923 followed by @entity228 injection for the @entity158 hand. Twenty-six consecutive subjects [12 with @entity158 hand and 14 with @entity309 and @entity923 ( @entity309 /CTS)] underwent sonographically observed @entity923 hydrodissection with 3  ml of 1% @entity3303 administered with a 25-gauge 1-in. needle on a 3-ml RPD mechanical syringe (reciprocating procedure device). After hydrodissection, a syringe exchange was performed, and 80  mg of @entity2995 was injected. Baseline @entity158 , procedural @entity158 , @entity158 at outcome, responders, therapeutic duration, and reinjection interval were determined. Hydrodissection and injection with @entity228 significantly reduced @entity158 scores by 67% in @entity2631 (p   <   0.001) and by 47% in @entity309 /CT (p   <   0.001). @entity2631 and @entity309 /CTS were similar in outcome measures: injection @entity158 (p   =   0.47), @entity158 scores at outcome (p   =   0.13), responders ( @entity2631 , 83.3%; @entity309 /CTS, 57.1%, p   =   0.15), @entity158 at 6  months (p   =   0.15), and therapeutic duration (p   =   0.07). @entity2631 @entity1 responded better in time to next injection ( @entity2631 , 8.5        3.0 months; @entity309 /CTS, 5.2        3.1 months, p   =   0.03). Reduced Raynaud's attacks and healing of digital @entity1066 occurred in 83% of subjects. There were no complications. Hydrodissection with @entity3303 followed by injection of @entity2713 reduces @entity158 and vasomotor changes in the @entity2631 hand. The mechanism may be a combination of hydrodissection-mediated mechanical freeing of entrapped arteries, nerves, and tendinous structures and @entity228 -induced @entity2553 .

title: Sonographically guided hydrodissection and @entity228 injection for XXXX hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful scleroderma', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of inflammatory vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: @entity2631 is associated with intractable hand @entity158 from @entity2553 , digital @entity63 , @entity2762 , and nerve entrapment. This study investigated the effect of hydrodissection of the @entity923 followed by @entity228 injection for the @entity158 hand. Twenty-six consecutive subjects [12 with @entity158 hand and 14 with @entity309 and @entity923 ( @entity309 /CTS)] underwent sonographically observed @entity923 hydrodissection with 3  ml of 1% @entity3303 administered with a 25-gauge 1-in. needle on a 3-ml RPD mechanical syringe (reciprocating procedure device). After hydrodissection, a syringe exchange was performed, and 80  mg of @entity2995 was injected. Baseline @entity158 , procedural @entity158 , @entity158 at outcome, responders, therapeutic duration, and reinjection interval were determined. Hydrodissection and injection with @entity228 significantly reduced @entity158 scores by 67% in @entity2631 (p   <   0.001) and by 47% in @entity309 /CT (p   <   0.001). @entity2631 and @entity309 /CTS were similar in outcome measures: injection @entity158 (p   =   0.47), @entity158 scores at outcome (p   =   0.13), responders ( @entity2631 , 83.3%; @entity309 /CTS, 57.1%, p   =   0.15), @entity158 at 6  months (p   =   0.15), and therapeutic duration (p   =   0.07). @entity2631 @entity1 responded better in time to next injection ( @entity2631 , 8.5        3.0 months; @entity309 /CTS, 5.2        3.1 months, p   =   0.03). Reduced Raynaud's attacks and healing of digital @entity1066 occurred in 83% of subjects. There were no complications. Hydrodissection with @entity3303 followed by injection of @entity2713 reduces @entity158 and vasomotor changes in the @entity2631 hand. The mechanism may be a combination of hydrodissection-mediated mechanical freeing of entrapped arteries, nerves, and tendinous structures and @entity228 -induced @entity2553 .

title: Sonographically guided hydrodissection and XXXX injection for @entity2631 hand.

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity18303 (OMIM:265800) is an @entity74 due to a mutation in the @entity3336 gene, which causes a @entity79 and a deterioration of the bone structure. Our aim was to describe a 5 year-old @entity1 affected by @entity18303 , associated with an extremely severe @entity27 , who was treated effectively with a combination of upper airway surgery and positive pressure ventilation. METHODS: A 5 year-old @entity1 affected by @entity18303 was referred to us for @entity11360 and @entity1576 , and who developed an extremely severe @entity387 . RESULTS: Polysomnography showed extremely severe OSAS (AHI = 81.6 events/hour). The @entity1 was treated successfully with a combination of adenotonsillectomy, uvulo-palato-pharingo plasty (UPPP), followed by positive pressure ventilation. Polysomnographic recordings confirmed the striking reduction of obstructive respiratory events during sleep (from 81.6 to 12.3 events/hour). Lateral skull Rx and cephalometric measures showed that the Posterior Airway Space (PAS) increased from 3 to 19 mm. The decision to perform UPPP in association with adeno-tonsillectomy was motivated by the presence of @entity2419 , caused by @entity1184 and prolapsed soft tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that a conservative surgical treatment, consisting of adenotonsillectomy plus UPPP, may increases the patency of the upper airway, both at palatal and pharyngeal level. The combination of adenotonsillectomy plus UPPP, followed by CPAP ventilation, may avoid tracheotomy in very severe OSAS @entity1 .

title: @entity18303 with XXXX : a possible alternative to tracheotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity18303 :: ('MESH:D058631', 'Disease') :: ['Pycnodysostosis', 'pycnodysostosis']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive, facial dysmorphisms']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of the bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal obstruction']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['extreme sleep apnea']