abstract: UNASSIGNED: We evaluated the effect of conventional and corrective image reconstruction methods on reduced acquisition time for detecting a myocardial perfusion (MP) defect in MP SPECT using the @entity29983 ( @entity29983 ). Using the 4D Extended Cardiac-Torso (XCAT) phantom, we simulated realistic transmural and @entity296 in various location and size. Realistic Tc-99m Sestamibi MP projection data were generated using an analytical projector that included the effects of attenuation (A), collimator-detector response (D) and scatter (S) for various count levels simulating different acquisition times. They were reconstructed using the 3D @entity30220 without correction and a 3D OS-EM method with ADS correction followed by a smoothing filter with various cut-off frequencies. The @entity29983 followed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) methodology was applied to the reconstructed images to evaluate the detectability of a @entity296 in each method for different defect anatomies and count levels. Areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were computed to assess the changes in the @entity296 detection. The results showed that the 3D OS-EM with ADS corrections showed significantly less changes in AUC value and gave overall higher AUC values than @entity30220 at all cut-off frequencies of the post smoothing filter, count levels and @entity296 sizes. The difference in AUC increased towards less smoothed images where the 3D OS-EM with correction was able to provide similar AUC values with 20 - 40% reduction in acquisition time compared to @entity30220 . The AUC values for @entity296 were lower for both reconstruction methods with smaller differences. We concluded that the 3D OS-EM with ADS corrections provides higher performance in the @entity296 detection task. It allows increased reduction of acquisition time without loss of @entity296 detection in MP SPECT compared to the conventional @entity30220 method especially towards less smoothed images.

title: The Evaluation of Corrective Reconstruction Method For Reduced Acquisition Time and Various Anatomies of Perfusion Defect Using XXXX for Myocardial Perfusion SPECT.

entities_list: @entity29983 :: ('OMIM:160800', 'Disease') :: ['CHO', 'Channelized Hotelling Observer']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['smaller MP defects', 'MP defect', 'endocardial MP defects']

answer: @entity29983 :: (OMIM:160800,Disease) :: ['Channelized Hotelling Observer']


abstract: The application of a weight overload to the humerus of @entity1573 induces a @entity1184 of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) muscle fibers. This growth is accompanied by a rapid and almost complete replacement of one slow-tonic @entity71033 isoform, @entity71034 , by another slow-tonic isoform, @entity71033 . In addition, a population of small fibers appears mainly in extrafascicular spaces and, concurrently, three additional @entity71033 bands are detected by gel electrophoresis. Five antibodies against @entity71033 ( @entity71033 ) isoforms were selected as immunocytochemical probes to determine the cellular location and nature of these myosins. The antibodies react with ventricular, fast skeletal muscle and either @entity71034 or @entity71033 , or both the @entity73 . The antifast and antiventricular antibodies react with @entity71033 present in the 10-day embryonic @entity1347 muscle but do not react with @entity71033 in posthatch @entity1347 muscle. The small fibers in overloaded muscle contain a @entity71033 isoform characteristically expressed during the embryonic stage of @entity1347 muscle development and therefore are named nascent myofibers. Some of the nascent myofibers do not react with the antibody to both @entity73 , indicating the lack of the normal adult slow-tonic myosins which are expressed in 10-day embryos. In order to explore the origin of the nascent fibers, an electron microscopic study was performed. Stereological analysis of the existing fibers shows a stimulation of numbers and sizes of satellite cells. In addition, the volume occupied by nonmuscle and undifferentiated cells increases dramatically. Myotube formation with incipient myofibrils is seen in extrafascicular spaces. These data suggest that new muscle fiber formation accompanies @entity1184 in overloaded @entity1573 @entity1347 muscle and the process may involve satellite cell migration.

title: Nascent muscle fiber appearance in overloaded XXXX slow-tonic muscle.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior latissimus dorsi', 'ALD']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-tonic MHCs']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The standard outcome measure in @entity64 research is @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) evaluated by local blinded investigators. We aimed to assess feasibility and reliability of 2 central adjudication methods of @entity2653 in the setting of a randomized @entity64 trial. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis derived from the Randomized Trial of Revascularization With Solitaire FR Device Versus Best Medical Therapy in the Treatment of @entity64 Due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting Within Eight Hours of Symptom Onset (REVASCAT) trial cohort. Primary outcome was distribution of @entity2653 at 90 days. Local evaluation was done by certified investigators masked to treatment assignment using structured face-to-face interviews. In addition, central assessment was performed by 2 independent raters via structured phone interview (n=120) and via video recordings of the face-to-face interviews with local investigators (n=106). Interrater agreement was evaluated using kappa and discordance statistics. Sensitivity analyses for the primary end point using different adjudication approaches were performed. Correlation between @entity2653 obtained with each modality and 24-hour follow-up @entity1188 volumes was studied. RESULTS: Using local evaluation as the reference, higher agreement rates were noted with central video than with central phone evaluations (kw 0.92 [0.88-0.96] versus 0.77 [0.72-0.83]). Discrepancies in @entity2653 scoring between local and central raters (phone- and video-based) were similar in both treatment allocation arms. Sensitivity analyses showed benefit of endovascular treatment irrespective of adjudication method, but higher odds ratios were observed with local evaluations. Final @entity1188 volume was similarly correlated with @entity2653 across all 3 evaluation modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Central adjudication of @entity2653 is feasible, reducing interrater variability and avoiding potential problems related to lack of blinding. Our findings may have implications in the planning of future randomized @entity64 trials, especially in those including nonpharmacological interventions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01692379.

title: Phone and Video-Based Modalities of Central Blinded Adjudication of Modified Rankin Scores in an XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Acute Stroke', 'endovascular stroke']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin scale']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Endovascular Stroke']


abstract: Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity2008 and of an @entity7139 for early death from @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and/or @entity2131 ( @entity2131 ). @entity1 were subdivided into two main groups: (1) @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), grouping @entity1 with @entity417 ( @entity417 ) and @entity417 with @entity27487 (RARS), and (2) @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), grouping @entity1 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ) and @entity7139 in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 @entity1 with @entity7139 and 14 with @entity7139 . The median time of observation was 26 months for @entity7139 and 12 months for @entity7139 . Ten @entity7139 @entity1 (34%) and 11 @entity7139 @entity1 (78%) had @entity2008 . Among the ten @entity7139 @entity1 with @entity2214 , one (10%) died from @entity3052 , while of 19 @entity7139 @entity1 with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from @entity3052 or @entity2131 . The median survival for @entity1 with @entity7139 and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 @entity7139 @entity1 with @entity2008 (74%) died from @entity3052 or @entity2131 . The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the @entity7139 / @entity7139 variable was taken into account. Being in the @entity7139 group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from @entity3052 or @entity2131 ( @entity2263 .36, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying @entity1 according to an @entity7139 will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.

title: Prognostic value of @entity2008 in @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity27487 :: ('MESH:D000756', 'Disease') :: ['ringed sideroblasts']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia with an excess of blasts', 'RAEB', 'excess of blasts', 'refractory anemia without an excess of blasts', 'RAWEB']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['clonal chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure', 'BMF']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity2008 and of an @entity7139 for early death from @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and/or @entity2131 ( @entity2131 ). @entity1 were subdivided into two main groups: (1) @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), grouping @entity1 with @entity417 ( @entity417 ) and @entity417 with @entity27487 (RARS), and (2) @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), grouping @entity1 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ) and @entity7139 in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 @entity1 with @entity7139 and 14 with @entity7139 . The median time of observation was 26 months for @entity7139 and 12 months for @entity7139 . Ten @entity7139 @entity1 (34%) and 11 @entity7139 @entity1 (78%) had @entity2008 . Among the ten @entity7139 @entity1 with @entity2214 , one (10%) died from @entity3052 , while of 19 @entity7139 @entity1 with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from @entity3052 or @entity2131 . The median survival for @entity1 with @entity7139 and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 @entity7139 @entity1 with @entity2008 (74%) died from @entity3052 or @entity2131 . The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the @entity7139 / @entity7139 variable was taken into account. Being in the @entity7139 group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from @entity3052 or @entity2131 ( @entity2263 .36, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying @entity1 according to an @entity7139 will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.

title: Prognostic value of XXXX in @entity1 with primary @entity2590 .

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['clonal chromosomal abnormalities']


abstract: Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity2008 and of an @entity7139 for early death from @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and/or @entity2131 ( @entity2131 ). @entity1 were subdivided into two main groups: (1) @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), grouping @entity1 with @entity417 ( @entity417 ) and @entity417 with @entity27487 (RARS), and (2) @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), grouping @entity1 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ) and @entity7139 in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 @entity1 with @entity7139 and 14 with @entity7139 . The median time of observation was 26 months for @entity7139 and 12 months for @entity7139 . Ten @entity7139 @entity1 (34%) and 11 @entity7139 @entity1 (78%) had @entity2008 . Among the ten @entity7139 @entity1 with @entity2214 , one (10%) died from @entity3052 , while of 19 @entity7139 @entity1 with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from @entity3052 or @entity2131 . The median survival for @entity1 with @entity7139 and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 @entity7139 @entity1 with @entity2008 (74%) died from @entity3052 or @entity2131 . The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the @entity7139 / @entity7139 variable was taken into account. Being in the @entity7139 group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from @entity3052 or @entity2131 ( @entity2263 .36, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying @entity1 according to an @entity7139 will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.

title: Prognostic value of @entity2008 in XXXX with primary @entity2590 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two cDNA clones for mitochondrial @entity1920 kinase were isolated from a cDNA library of @entity291 liver poly(A)+ RNA by using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides as probes. The clone containing a 0.9-kilobase insert had the reading frame for a 241-residue protein (AK2A), while the other clone containing a 1.6-kilobase insert had the frame for a 234-residue protein (AK2B). Nucleotide sequences of these two clones were the same in the 5' portion up to the coding sequence for the 233rd residue, but different in the remaining 3' portions. The reported @entity535 sequence of mitochondrial @entity1920 kinase from @entity291 heart corresponded to AK2A. Neither AK2A nor AK2B had a cleavable @entity2733 -terminal presequence as that found in other imported mitochondrial proteins. RNA blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNAs from @entity291 liver and heart revealed three species of mRNA with approximate sizes of 0.9, 1.4, and 1.7 kilobases. The 1.7- and 1.4-kilobase species were specific for AK2B, whereas the 0.9-kilobase species was specific for AK2A. In the liver, the 1.7-kilobase mRNA was more abundant, whereas in the heart the 0.9-kilobase mRNA was predominant. The 1.4-kilobase mRNA was present only in the heart. The AK2A- and AK2B-coding sequences were expressed in @entity526 cells under the control of trc promoter. Both the products reverted the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the @entity1920 kinase mutant of @entity526 .

title: Isolation and characterization of two types of cDNA for mitochondrial XXXX kinase and their expression in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['adenylate']


abstract: Two cDNA clones for mitochondrial @entity1920 kinase were isolated from a cDNA library of @entity291 liver poly(A)+ RNA by using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides as probes. The clone containing a 0.9-kilobase insert had the reading frame for a 241-residue protein (AK2A), while the other clone containing a 1.6-kilobase insert had the frame for a 234-residue protein (AK2B). Nucleotide sequences of these two clones were the same in the 5' portion up to the coding sequence for the 233rd residue, but different in the remaining 3' portions. The reported @entity535 sequence of mitochondrial @entity1920 kinase from @entity291 heart corresponded to AK2A. Neither AK2A nor AK2B had a cleavable @entity2733 -terminal presequence as that found in other imported mitochondrial proteins. RNA blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNAs from @entity291 liver and heart revealed three species of mRNA with approximate sizes of 0.9, 1.4, and 1.7 kilobases. The 1.7- and 1.4-kilobase species were specific for AK2B, whereas the 0.9-kilobase species was specific for AK2A. In the liver, the 1.7-kilobase mRNA was more abundant, whereas in the heart the 0.9-kilobase mRNA was predominant. The 1.4-kilobase mRNA was present only in the heart. The AK2A- and AK2B-coding sequences were expressed in @entity526 cells under the control of trc promoter. Both the products reverted the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the @entity1920 kinase mutant of @entity526 .

title: Isolation and characterization of two types of cDNA for mitochondrial @entity1920 kinase and their expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Esophageal submucosal gland duct @entity652 (ESGDA) is a rare @entity5 . The clinicopathological features of the ESGDA and its precursor lesion have not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we aimed at delineating the clinicopathological features of the ESGDA and cyst formation of the esophageal submucosal gland duct (ESGD), as well as their correlations and clinical implications. We identified three cases of ESGDA and 16 cases of cyst formation of the ESGD among 786 endoscopic mucosal resection specimens over a 7-year period. The median @entity1 age was 58 years with a male predominance. These lesions were small submucosal bulges locating at the lower esophagus with a size no more than 1   cm. The main microscopic changes of these lesions included content retention, multilayered epithelium or papillary folds of the ESGD and inflammatory cell infiltration, @entity528 , @entity1373 or @entity194 of the acini. The included cases generally showed moderate to severe microscopic @entity2910 . The ESGDA was mainly consisted by multiple glandular cysts covered by two layers of cells. Immunohistochemical results showed that the luminal duct lining cells and basal cells were positive for @entity5822 and @entity4206 , respectively. Both of the two layer cells were positive for HMWCK and negative for @entity2225 , @entity876 , @entity6628 , @entity5089 , @entity21826 , @entity5091 and @entity2355 . The proliferation index was very low (1%). The diagnostic criteria of the ESGDA were proposed and, the differential diagnosis was discussed. Cyst formation of the ESGD is considered to be the precursor lesion of the ESGDA, because they have overlapping clinicopathological features with progressive relationship. In addition, the ESGDA have close connection with advance of the @entity354 and, probably, an increased risk of @entity189 .

title: Esophageal submucosal gland duct XXXX : a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study with a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['acidophilic degeneration']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the anti-caries effect of @entity369 -containing formulations in vivo on caries lesions compared with @entity1388 or placebo. METHODS: Randomized or quasi-randomized @entity1 clinical trials wherein @entity369 was delivered by any method were considered. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched to identify relevant articles published up to December 2014. Grey literature was also searched. Two authors performed data extraction independently and in duplicate using data collection forms. Each included study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. RESULTS: Of the 470 studies screened, 31 full articles were scrutinized and assessed for eligibility. Ten studies (n = 15,546 @entity1 ) were selected for final inclusion. The meta-analysis results (n = 7 studies) demonstrated a synergistic effect of @entity369 when used in conjunction with @entity1388 on early coronal and root caries compared with placebo or @entity1388 alone. No specific side effects related to @entity369 usage were identified. CONCLUSIONS: When used in combination with a @entity460 compound and @entity1388 , @entity369 potentially provides a superior anti-caries effect compared with matched formulations of @entity1388 alone. However, the level of evidence was downgraded because of risks of bias and potential publication bias. In the future, more high quality, non-industry-supported clinical studies in this research area are required before any definitive recommendations can be made.

title: Anti-Caries Effect of XXXX -Containing Formulations in vivo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'fluorides']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['Arginine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There has been an increased use of @entity560 both by prescription and by the public as a widely available supplement. We evaluated 15 years of single-substance @entity560 exposures to US poison centers. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) to evaluate clinical effects, trends, and outcomes of exposures to @entity560 over the period January 1, 2000 through June 30, 2014. Cases were limited to exposures involving @entity560 as a single substance. Multiple vitamin products that may have included @entity560 were not included in this study. RESULTS: From 2000 through June 30, 2014, there were 25,397 @entity1 exposures to @entity560 reported to NPDS. There was a mean of 196 cases per year from 2000 to 2005, followed by a 1600% increase in exposures between 2005 and 2011 to a new annual mean of 4535 exposures per year. The mean and median ages were 23.4 years and 10 years, respectively. There were no fatalities, but five (0.02%) major effect outcomes. Serious medical outcomes (major or moderate outcome) were infrequent, ranging from 2 @entity1 /year to 22 @entity1 /year. Clinical effects were primarily gastrointestinal (0.7-1.5%) and mild neurological effects (0.2-0.4%). There was a decline in the percentage of @entity1 treated in a health care facility and of @entity1 with serious medical outcome. CONCLUSION: Despite the enormous increase in number of exposures, there was not a significant increase in @entity1 with a serious medical outcome. Rare severe outcomes may occur.

title: XXXX exposures reported to US poison centers 2000-2014: Temporal trends and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis @entity1 suffer from chronic systemic @entity32 and high incidence of @entity65 . One cause for this may be the failure of diseased kidneys to eliminate immune mediators. Current hemodialysis treatment achieves insufficient elimination of proteins in the molecular weight range 15-45kD. Thus high cut-off dialysis might improve the inflammatory state. DESIGN: In this randomized cross-over trial 43 hemodialysis @entity1 were treated for three weeks with high cut-off or high-flux dialysis. Inflammatory plasma mediators, monocyte subpopulation distribution, and leucocyte gene expression were quantified. RESULTS: High cut-off dialysis supplemented by a low-flux filter did not influence the primary end-point, expression density of @entity4619 on monocytes. Nevertheless, treatment reduced multiple immune mediators in plasma. Such reduction proved - at least for some markers - to be a sustained effect over the interdialytic interval. Thus, for example soluble TNF-Receptor1 concentration predialysis was reduced from median 13.3 (IQR 8.9-17.2) to 9.7 (IQR 7.5-13.2) ng/mL with high cut-off while remaining constant with high-flux treatment. The expression profile of multiple proinflammatory genes in leucocytes was significantly dampened. Treatment was well tolerated although albumin losses in high cut-off dialysis would be prohibitive against long-term use. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows for the first time that a dampening effect of high cut-off dialysis on systemic @entity32 is achievable. Earlier studies had failed due to short study duration or insufficient dialysis efficacy. Removal of soluble mediators from the circulation influences cellular activation levels in leucocytes. Continued development of less albumin leaky membranes with similar cytokine elimination is justified. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: High cut-off dialysis in chronic hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: (1) Investigation of the relationship between the detergent concentration and steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of @entity21304 proved to be a valid approach in the study of protein-detergent interaction. (2) @entity10940 , @entity658 and @entity6000 influenced the kinetics of @entity21304 cooperatively at detergent concentrations near their critical micelle concentration. This mode of interaction reflects disaggregation of the oxidase as a result of cooperative binding of the detergent. (3) Addition of increasing concentrations of @entity9266 to the aggregated enzyme caused a more gradual decrease in aggregation of the oxidase, which did not result in a change in activity of the enzyme. This suggests that aggregation of @entity21304 occurs in a highly regular manner in which no catalytic sites are shielded off. (4) Oxidase aggregates present at detergent concentrations below the critical micelle concentration of @entity10940 and @entity6000 showed considerable activity. Their kinetics were equal to those of the oxidase in @entity9266 , suggesting that the protein molecules are aligned in a similar way in all oligomers. Aggregates present in low concentrations of @entity658 showed turnover rates that were twice as low as those observed with other aggregates. (5) Solubilisation of the oxidase by @entity658 or @entity6000 resulted in almost complete inhibition of enzymic activity, whereas the association rate of ferrocytochrome c was almost equal to that found for monomeric oxidase in laurylmaltoside. These results are in agreement with a mixed-type inhibition.

title: The effect of detergents on bovine XXXX : a kinetic approach.

entities_list: @entity658 :: ('MESH:D020358', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cholate']

entities_list: @entity10940 :: ('MESH:C040358', 'Chemical') :: ['laurylmaltoside', 'Laurylmaltoside']

answer: @entity21304 :: (282199(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['cytochrome c oxidase']


abstract: In 1974-84 30 @entity1 died with a diagnosis of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) in Finland. Sixteen of the @entity1 were pathologically confirmed and 14 were probable cases; 6 were familial (20%). One further familial @entity1 was alive at the end of 1984. The median age of the 30 @entity1 at @entity204 was 59.5 years (range 46-73 years). The familial @entity1 were significantly younger than sporadic cases (median and range 49.5 and 46-57 versus 61.5 and 51-73; P less than 0.01). Only 5 of the 24 sporadic @entity1 were @entity1 (male to female ratio 1:3.8). The annual number of new cases as well as the @entity204 rate increased in the late 1970's (annual @entity204 rate 0.57 per million in 1974-84 and 0.91 in 1979-84). This probably reflects the growing awareness of @entity3605 among neurologists, rather than a real increase of the incidence and @entity204 rate. Annual age-specific @entity204 rate @entity307 million population in 1974-84 reached a peak value of 2.57 in the age group of 60-64 years. In @entity13895 the age-specific @entity204 rate of @entity1 was higher than that of @entity1 in all age groups. A chronic medical condition, precedent or concomitant with @entity3605 , was seen in 15 @entity1 .

title: Descriptive epidemiology of XXXX in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity13895 :: ('MESH:C565143', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic CJD']

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: Ten days after his return from Cameroon, a twenty-six year old Frenchman, serving on @entity2798 , presented with fulminant @entity9231 : shock, altered consciousness, @entity417 , threatening @entity5642 (platelets less than 150 X 10(-6).l-1; prothrombin time and Stuart factor less than 50%; @entity2002 less than 1.5 g.l-1). In spite of @entity4807 therapy, parasitaemia increased from 4 to 35% within 24 h. Using an Haemonetics V50, the exchange of one and a half red blood cell masses was carried out with 17 red blood cell packs. @entity10041 was used to prevent the hypocalcaemia induced by the anticoagulant solution. The @entity1 's platelets and plasma were completely reinjected. The result was very satisfactory. This kind of exchange, well tolerated clinically and biologically, would seem better than the classical exchange transfusion. When 10% of the red blood cells are infected by @entity3964 , it is necessary to exchange from one and a half to two blood masses. Lesser exchanges are always associated with important relapses and @entity4807 therapy must be carried on during and after the exchange. Restricting this exchange only to red blood cells enabled the @entity1 to benefit from his own coagulation factors, antibodies and platelets, and consequently to reduce the number of blood donors involved. However, metabolites (especially @entity648 and circulating immune complexes) were not eliminated. Partial plasmapheresis may be associated with erythropheresis using @entity1 albumin as plasma substitute. This technique needs to be assessed, in order to optimize immediate efficiency and post-transfusion infectious risk.

title: [Treatment of fulminant XXXX with erythrapheresis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated coagulation']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary service overseas']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: @entity170 is clearly more easily prevented than treated. Prevention should start early for those thought to be most at risk. However, for the majority, menopause is the most convenient time point at which to evaluate the necessity for prevention. While @entity2931 are the most effective therapeutic agent for prevention of @entity14577 , they must be used judiciously with attention to reduction in other nutritional and lifestyle risk factors. When given to @entity1 with an intact uterus, @entity2931 prescription currently should be accompanied by progestogens, several of which may also reduce @entity604 . All individuals should be encouraged to obtain an adequate @entity460 intake (100-1500 mg day-1) and to continue an active lifestyle. Therapy of the clinically overt disorder follows similar guidelines, with therapeutic options including calcitonin @entity3800 and @entity171 as well as @entity2931 as antiresorptive agents. Methods of stimulating new bone formation are limited, the best documented effects being those of @entity1388 . However, care must be taken in its use and efficacy has yet to be finally established. Other modalities are as yet experimental. Much can be gained by careful attention to the general health of the @entity1 and their environment, since reduction in risk of falls, and thus @entity174 , is at least as important as attempts to modify the skeleton.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['diphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: This study examined the effect of fluid percussion @entity542 on the activity of cholinergic neurons in specific brain areas of the @entity35 12 min, 4 h and 24 h following injury. @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) turnover, used as an index of cholinergic neuronal activity, was determined using a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique. The most striking changes in cholinergic activity were observed in the dorsal pontine tegmentum, where concussive @entity542 produced an increase in @entity1617 turnover 12 min and 4 h following injury. This area has been previously associated with behavioral changes observed following @entity130 . @entity1617 turnover in the thalamus, a region to which pontine cholinergic neurons project, also tended to increase 4 h following injury. On the other hand, @entity1617 turnover tended to decrease in the amygdala 4 h following injury. Although there were no significant changes in hippocampal @entity1617 content or turnover following injury. @entity1617 content did tend to increase in that brain region 12 min following injury. There were no significant effects of injury on cholinergic neurons in the cingulate/frontal cortex. These changes in cholinergic neuronal activity may contribute to the @entity51 following @entity130 . In particular, activation of cholinergic neurons in the pontine region may contribute to components of behavioral suppression associated with reversible traumatic unconsciousness. More generalized changes in cholinergic function may lead to the production of more @entity51 .

title: The effect of concussive XXXX on central cholinergic neurons.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'chronic deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['concussive injury']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: 1. The actions of @entity1812 (Bk) were investigated on @entity35 colon epithelium preparations that had been stripped of the muscle layers. The electrogenic ion flux was monitored by measuring changes in the short circuit current (SCC) produced by addition of drugs. Bk, administered to the basolateral side, but not apical side, of the epithelium evoked an increase in SCC which was separable into two distinct components, both of which were mediated mainly by @entity2865 efflux. 2. The early component was robust, reproducible and exhibited clear concentration-dependency with an EC50 of 6.2 nM. The second phase of the response exhibited a much slower time course than the first phase and diminished amplitude with repeated applications of Bk. 3. In preparations of unstripped epithelium, @entity1812 (Bk) evoked mainly a slow neurogenic response which was attenuated or abolished by @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ). When the epithelium was stripped off, @entity4524 had little effect either on the baseline SCC or on responses to Bk. 4. Perfusion with zero @entity460 solution did not affect the early phase but abolished the late phase of the Bk response. @entity1855 (20 microM), but not @entity594 (20 microM), also attenuated the later phase of the response. 5. @entity2951 (2 microM) administered to the basolateral, but not the apical, side produced an increase in SCC. Following desensitization to capsaicin the second phase of the response to Bk was abolished with little effect on the initial response to Bk. 6. The data suggest that Bk increases the efflux of @entity2865 ions across the colonic epithelium in at least two ways: (a) by an action on the epithelial cells and (b) by an action on neuronal elements within the epithelium. This latter effect of Bk is due to stimulation of @entity2951 -sensitive nerve terminals within the mucosa of the colon epithelium causing the release of a mediator which is responsible for the second phase of the response to Bk.

title: The involvement of afferent nerve terminals in the stimulation of ion transport by XXXX in @entity35 isolated colon.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: 1. The actions of @entity1812 (Bk) were investigated on @entity35 colon epithelium preparations that had been stripped of the muscle layers. The electrogenic ion flux was monitored by measuring changes in the short circuit current (SCC) produced by addition of drugs. Bk, administered to the basolateral side, but not apical side, of the epithelium evoked an increase in SCC which was separable into two distinct components, both of which were mediated mainly by @entity2865 efflux. 2. The early component was robust, reproducible and exhibited clear concentration-dependency with an EC50 of 6.2 nM. The second phase of the response exhibited a much slower time course than the first phase and diminished amplitude with repeated applications of Bk. 3. In preparations of unstripped epithelium, @entity1812 (Bk) evoked mainly a slow neurogenic response which was attenuated or abolished by @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ). When the epithelium was stripped off, @entity4524 had little effect either on the baseline SCC or on responses to Bk. 4. Perfusion with zero @entity460 solution did not affect the early phase but abolished the late phase of the Bk response. @entity1855 (20 microM), but not @entity594 (20 microM), also attenuated the later phase of the response. 5. @entity2951 (2 microM) administered to the basolateral, but not the apical, side produced an increase in SCC. Following desensitization to capsaicin the second phase of the response to Bk was abolished with little effect on the initial response to Bk. 6. The data suggest that Bk increases the efflux of @entity2865 ions across the colonic epithelium in at least two ways: (a) by an action on the epithelial cells and (b) by an action on neuronal elements within the epithelium. This latter effect of Bk is due to stimulation of @entity2951 -sensitive nerve terminals within the mucosa of the colon epithelium causing the release of a mediator which is responsible for the second phase of the response to Bk.

title: The involvement of afferent nerve terminals in the stimulation of ion transport by @entity1812 in XXXX isolated colon.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In adult @entity35 , neurons displaying histochemical staining for 'non-specific' cholinesterase (ChE) are found 3 distinct regions of the dorsal thalamus: the thalamic reuniens nucleus (Re), the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), and a region that includes the lateral part of the central lateral nucleus (CL) and the ventral portion of the lateral dorsal nucleus (LD). Normal development of ChE-positive neurons was studied with cholinesterase histochemical techniques in postnatal @entity1 @entity35 . Although ChE staining of capillary endothelium is detectable shortly after birth, ChE staining of neurons first occurs at about postnatal day 5 (PND 5) with light staining of @entity1347 and @entity10789 . At PND 7, staining in @entity1347 and @entity10789 has increased in intensity and staining also is present in neurons of the anterior ventral (AV) and ventral anterior (VA) nuclei. ChE staining of neurons in Re first appears at PND 10. The number of neurons staining for ChE in each of these nuclei, and also the intensity of staining in individual neurons, appear to increase during the next several days until about PND 14. After PND 14, ChE staining intensity in neurons of @entity1347 , Re, and @entity10789 appears to plateau and the pattern of staining continues into adulthood. In contrast, ChE staining of neurons in VA declines markedly and only a very few neurons in the dorsal part of VA remain ChE-positive after PND 21. ChE staining of neuropil in AV increases markedly, obscuring somatal staining in this nucleus. These results are discussed in regard to transient and continued expression of ChE activity in the dorsal thalamus and possible functional roles of ChE.

title: Development of 'non-specific' cholinesterase-containing neurons in the dorsal thalamus of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior dorsal nucleus', 'AD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The case of a 32-year-old parturient with a quintuplet pregnancy is described. The pregnancy had been complicated by @entity3465 which was treated with ritodrine tocolysis. @entity5935 was administered to hasten fetal lung maturation. The @entity9994 therapy was complicated with @entity1284 and @entity4 requiring intravenous diuretic treatment. The @entity1 presented urgently for Caesarean section, with @entity1284 and worsening thrombocytopaenia. Life-threatening @entity4 was manifest in the immediate preinduction period, following insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and surgery was delayed to improve the mother's condition with intravenous diuretic therapy. Induction was carried out with the @entity1 in the sitting position, with cricoid pressure maintained to protect the airway as the @entity1 was lowered to a wedged, supine position. Intravenous @entity1242 was used to control blood pressure. Low pressure mask-bag ventilation was utilized to maintain @entity26 saturation and the @entity1 was intubated and ventilated with positive end-expiratory pressure. Positive pressure ventilation was continued for 24 hours postoperatively. The perioperative course is reviewed and followed by a discussion of the anaesthetic considerations for multiple gestation pregnancies.

title: Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a parturient with quintuplet gestation, XXXX and thrombocytopaenia.

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature labour']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9994 :: ('MESH:D012312', 'Chemical') :: ['ritodrine']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['fluid overload']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['pulmonary oedema']


abstract: In a cross sectional study, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), beat-to-beat variation ( @entity19793 ) at rest and speed of @entity384 (SPD) have been investigated in 127 nonketonuric long-term @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 aged 19-72 yr and in age-matched control subjects. 84% of the @entity1 had electrophysiologic abnormalities, 58% had symptomatic @entity1897 , 35% had abnormal cardiac parasympathetic tests and 26% had abnormal pupillary tests. The most frequent pathologic feature was a decreased sural SNCV (66%). Among the @entity1 without symptomatic @entity1897 , 71% showed electrophysiologic abnormalities. MNCV and SNCV in median, peroneal and sural nerves correlated with @entity19793 (p less than 0.005), but only peroneal MNCV was related to SPD (p less than 0.005). There was also a relationship between @entity19793 and SPD (p less than 0.05). Glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity4051 ) levels correlated inversely with median MNCV (p less than 0.001), and SNCV (p less than 0.03), peroneal MNCV (p less than 0.05) and sural SNCV (p less than 0.05). @entity1 with abnormal peripheral or autonomic nerve function tests or symptomatic @entity1897 had significantly higher @entity4051 levels than those with normal tests (p less than 0.04) or asymptomatic @entity1 (p less than 0.01). Median MNCV and SNCV, sural SNCV and @entity19793 deteriorated with age (p less than 0.05) and median SNCV and peroneal MNCV deteriorated with the duration of @entity6 (p less than 0.001). Our findings show an association between @entity1897 in long-term @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peripheral and autonomic nerve function in long-term @entity2690 -dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral and autonomic nerve dysfunction', 'peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In a cross sectional study, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), beat-to-beat variation ( @entity19793 ) at rest and speed of @entity384 (SPD) have been investigated in 127 nonketonuric long-term @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 aged 19-72 yr and in age-matched control subjects. 84% of the @entity1 had electrophysiologic abnormalities, 58% had symptomatic @entity1897 , 35% had abnormal cardiac parasympathetic tests and 26% had abnormal pupillary tests. The most frequent pathologic feature was a decreased sural SNCV (66%). Among the @entity1 without symptomatic @entity1897 , 71% showed electrophysiologic abnormalities. MNCV and SNCV in median, peroneal and sural nerves correlated with @entity19793 (p less than 0.005), but only peroneal MNCV was related to SPD (p less than 0.005). There was also a relationship between @entity19793 and SPD (p less than 0.05). Glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity4051 ) levels correlated inversely with median MNCV (p less than 0.001), and SNCV (p less than 0.03), peroneal MNCV (p less than 0.05) and sural SNCV (p less than 0.05). @entity1 with abnormal peripheral or autonomic nerve function tests or symptomatic @entity1897 had significantly higher @entity4051 levels than those with normal tests (p less than 0.04) or asymptomatic @entity1 (p less than 0.01). Median MNCV and SNCV, sural SNCV and @entity19793 deteriorated with age (p less than 0.05) and median SNCV and peroneal MNCV deteriorated with the duration of @entity6 (p less than 0.001). Our findings show an association between @entity1897 in long-term @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peripheral and autonomic nerve function in long-term XXXX -dependent @entity6 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: The hormonal induction and immunological reactivities of the cell-associated plasminogen activators (PAs) produced by granulosa cells obtained from the ovaries of @entity4742 -implanted immature @entity35 were studied. FSH and other @entity268 -inducing ligands, including cholera toxin, @entity1928 , and @entity5987 , elevated the PA activity of granulosa cells in a concentration-dependent manner during a 4-h culture, with an approximate 10-fold maximal increase in PA activity compared to control cells. Negligible levels of PA activity were observed in the extracellular medium in the absence or presence of hormones. The PA induced by FSH or @entity268 in intact cells was progressively neutralized during the 4-h culture by increasing amounts of antibodies to the tissue-type PA (tPA), but not by an IgG fraction against the urokinase-type PA (UK-PA). However, solubilization of granulosa cells with Triton X-100 revealed the presence of intracellular UK-PA activity in both FSH-treated and control cells that consisted of about 20% of the total cellular PA activity. Electrophoretic analysis of extracts from solubilized granulosa cells indicated the presence of three peaks of PA activity. A PA with a Mr of 70,000 was induced by FSH, was completely inactivated by tPA antibodies, and required fibrin for full activity. A 40,000 Mr fibrin-independent PA was also stimulated by FSH and was partially inhibited by UK-PA antibodies, but not by anti-tPA immunoglobulin G. A third peak of PA activity comigrated with a @entity1 UK-PA standard at a Mr of 33,000, was fully neutralized by UK-PA antibodies, and was largely present only in control cells. These results suggest that during the first hours of granulosa cell development, FSH via @entity268 induces the production of a cell-surface tPA, while both FSH-treated and control cells synthesize intracellular UK-PAs. Hormonal regulation of the production and activities of these cellular enzymes may allow the expression of specific differentiated functions of developing granulosa cells.

title: Hormonal and immunological characterization of the cell-associated plasminogen activators produced by cultured XXXX granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: During a 15-month period all @entity1 below 16 years admitted to the @entity1 's Hospital in St. Gallen with acute @entity5163 were studied for @entity6425 . Stool samples from control @entity1 without @entity344 were investigated for RV shedding in order to detect RV carriers or asymptomatically infected @entity1 . RV was detected by electrophoresis of RV genomic dsRNA in 154 @entity1 . 119 (58%) of 205 @entity1 hospitalized because of @entity294 were RV associated, 25 @entity1 became symptomatically ill during their hospitalization, and in 10 (1%) of 954 control @entity1 RV could be found. During the winter 1983/1984 two epidemic peaks of RV associated @entity294 were noted, whereas in the summer period RV related disease occurred only sporadically. The peak incidence of @entity6425 was in the age group between 10 and 12 months. After the 3rd year of life @entity6425 only rarely required hospitalization. During this study period 8 different genomic RNA patterns of RV were found. The number of @entity1 within these 8 RV types, however, is too small to allow definite correlations between epidemiological or clinical features and selected electrophorotypes. The possibility to perform refined epidemiological and clinical analyses of @entity6425 by genomic dsRNA electrophoresis offers important advantages when compared to other RV detection systems. In addition, this method has proven to be fast, simple and reliable.

title: [ XXXX in childhood: studies using a molecular biology method (gene electrophoresis)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus (RV) infection', 'RV infection']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity6425 :: (MESH:D012400,Disease) :: ['Rotavirus infections']


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) when compared with reference serum @entity413 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity413 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity4053 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity6 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity413 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4854 and insulin-induced @entity4053 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity413 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity4053 than during @entity4854 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity413 values in @entity1 with @entity6 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in @entity1 with type 1 XXXX : results of the @entity6 in @entity1 network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) when compared with reference serum @entity413 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity413 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity4053 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity6 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity413 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4854 and insulin-induced @entity4053 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity413 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity4053 than during @entity4854 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity413 values in @entity1 with @entity6 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 : results of the XXXX in @entity1 network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes research']


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) when compared with reference serum @entity413 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity413 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity4053 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity6 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity413 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4854 and insulin-induced @entity4053 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity413 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity4053 than during @entity4854 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity413 values in @entity1 with @entity6 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in XXXX with type 1 @entity6 : results of the @entity6 in @entity1 network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) when compared with reference serum @entity413 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity413 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity4053 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity6 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity413 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4854 and insulin-induced @entity4053 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity413 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity4053 than during @entity4854 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity413 values in @entity1 with @entity6 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 : results of the @entity6 in XXXX network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: One hundred two @entity1 with cervico-facial @entity2347 were treated with surgery alone, radiotherapy alone or both from 1951 to 1980. All the cases have a 5-year minimum follow-up. The local control rate is 55.5% at 5 years and 37.7% at 10 years. The 5-year local control rate is 44% with surgery alone, 65.8% with radiotherapy alone and 77.8% with post-operative radiotherapy. The difference between surgery alone and radiosurgical association is significant (p less than 0.01). The bone involvement diminished local control rate (32.2%/k 68.8%). The 5-year survival rate of the @entity1 who recurred and have been retreated is 70.5%. The 5-year survival rate of the @entity1 after the appearance of a @entity3 is 38.1% and 2 @entity1 have survived more than 10 years. The NED 5-year survival rate is 48.8%. There is no significant difference in the NED 5-year survival rate according to sites or treatments. The crude 5-year survival rate is 70%, 51.4% at 10 years and 32.2% at 15 years. Our study shows that @entity2347 have a peculiar and slow evolution. Surgery with post-operative radiotherapy obtains the best local control. These results and the radiosensibility of these lesions allow us to propose an aggressive treatment for the recurrence and the @entity5 of the directly metastatic @entity1 .

title: Cervico-facial XXXX : study of 102 cases. Influence of radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of aztreonam in the treatment of serious gam-negative @entity281 were investigated in 20 @entity1 , 19 of whom were more than 60 years old. There were 13 cases of @entity293 , 6 of @entity295 and one of @entity298 . Half the @entity1 were in a critical clinical condition with significant severe underlying disease. Aztreonam was given i.v. or i.m. in doses ranging from 1.5 to 4 g/day according to the severity of the @entity281 . The duration of treatment ranged from 7 to 20 days. In 5 @entity1 with @entity325 due to gram-positive and anaerobic organisms in addition to gram-negative pathogens, @entity5646 was given in combination with @entity3402 and @entity868 as appropriate. Clinical and bacteriological cures were observed in all 20 @entity1 . There were two cases of reinfection and 3 of superinfection--all occurred in @entity1 with severe underlying disease. Untoward effects were few and of minor severity. @entity1011 clearance remained stable or improved during aztreonam treatment, even in @entity1 with significant @entity8 . In conclusion, aztreonam was shown to be both effective and safe in the treatment of serious gram-negative @entity281 in elderly @entity1 --even those with @entity8 . In such indications aztreonam appears to be a good alternative to potentially toxic drugs such as the aminoglycosides.

title: Aztreonam in the treatment of serious gram-negative XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: A combination of @entity7324 (3 mg/m2, day 1) and @entity1260 (60 mg/kg, days 1-5 + Mesna) was administered every three weeks to 11 @entity1 with primary resistant and 23 with recurrent @entity4153 . All @entity1 had been pre-treated with chemotherapy, 16 in addition with radiotherapy. At the onset of the @entity7324 - @entity1260 treatment the @entity5 was in a localized regional stage in ten @entity1 , while in 24 it was in a more widely spread stage. In 29 @entity1 whose treatment results could be evaluated the remission rate was 38%, with two complete and nine partial remissions. In a further eight @entity1 the @entity5 was arrested. The @entity1 with complete remission (for 46 and 53 weeks, respectively), those with partial remission (median of 39 weeks) and those with stationary disease (median of 31 weeks) survived significantly longer than those with progressing disease (13 weeks). There was no correlation between treatment result and pre-treatment. On recurrence after complete remission or in the localized regional stage the remission rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, and the survival time was extended in 90% of cases. In addition to @entity390 , @entity1665 and myelosuppression, side-effects included vomiting, reversible CNS symptoms, @entity305 and urotoxicity. On the basis of acceptable @entity137 , combined @entity7324 and @entity1260 constitute an effective treatment of otherwise treatment-refractory cases of @entity4153 .

title: [Therapy of primary resistant or recurrent XXXX with @entity7324 and @entity1260 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['small cell bronchial carcinoma']


abstract: A combination of @entity7324 (3 mg/m2, day 1) and @entity1260 (60 mg/kg, days 1-5 + Mesna) was administered every three weeks to 11 @entity1 with primary resistant and 23 with recurrent @entity4153 . All @entity1 had been pre-treated with chemotherapy, 16 in addition with radiotherapy. At the onset of the @entity7324 - @entity1260 treatment the @entity5 was in a localized regional stage in ten @entity1 , while in 24 it was in a more widely spread stage. In 29 @entity1 whose treatment results could be evaluated the remission rate was 38%, with two complete and nine partial remissions. In a further eight @entity1 the @entity5 was arrested. The @entity1 with complete remission (for 46 and 53 weeks, respectively), those with partial remission (median of 39 weeks) and those with stationary disease (median of 31 weeks) survived significantly longer than those with progressing disease (13 weeks). There was no correlation between treatment result and pre-treatment. On recurrence after complete remission or in the localized regional stage the remission rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, and the survival time was extended in 90% of cases. In addition to @entity390 , @entity1665 and myelosuppression, side-effects included vomiting, reversible CNS symptoms, @entity305 and urotoxicity. On the basis of acceptable @entity137 , combined @entity7324 and @entity1260 constitute an effective treatment of otherwise treatment-refractory cases of @entity4153 .

title: [Therapy of primary resistant or recurrent @entity4153 with @entity7324 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: A combination of @entity7324 (3 mg/m2, day 1) and @entity1260 (60 mg/kg, days 1-5 + Mesna) was administered every three weeks to 11 @entity1 with primary resistant and 23 with recurrent @entity4153 . All @entity1 had been pre-treated with chemotherapy, 16 in addition with radiotherapy. At the onset of the @entity7324 - @entity1260 treatment the @entity5 was in a localized regional stage in ten @entity1 , while in 24 it was in a more widely spread stage. In 29 @entity1 whose treatment results could be evaluated the remission rate was 38%, with two complete and nine partial remissions. In a further eight @entity1 the @entity5 was arrested. The @entity1 with complete remission (for 46 and 53 weeks, respectively), those with partial remission (median of 39 weeks) and those with stationary disease (median of 31 weeks) survived significantly longer than those with progressing disease (13 weeks). There was no correlation between treatment result and pre-treatment. On recurrence after complete remission or in the localized regional stage the remission rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, and the survival time was extended in 90% of cases. In addition to @entity390 , @entity1665 and myelosuppression, side-effects included vomiting, reversible CNS symptoms, @entity305 and urotoxicity. On the basis of acceptable @entity137 , combined @entity7324 and @entity1260 constitute an effective treatment of otherwise treatment-refractory cases of @entity4153 .

title: [Therapy of primary resistant or recurrent @entity4153 with XXXX and @entity1260 ].

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: The clinical features of eight @entity1 and three @entity1 with nonfunctioning islet cell @entity788 were reviewed. The mean @entity1 age was 58 years (range 44 to 75 years). Weight loss and @entity490 were the most frequent presenting symptoms. An abdominal mass was palpable in five @entity1 . At operation regional or distant metastases were present in 82% of @entity1 . Only 18% of @entity1 underwent resection for potential cure. All @entity5 proved histologically to be neuroendocrine in origin. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive reactivity for @entity3508 and chromogranin in all @entity5 studied but was negative for insulin, glucagon, and @entity1943 . Focal positivity for pancreatic polypeptide was seen in one @entity5 . Nine @entity1 with unresectable disease at operation were available for follow-up. Mean survival for the entire group was 23 +/- 7.2 months (range 4 to 72 months). Survival differences between @entity1 and @entity1 appeared to favor @entity1 but were not statistically significant. Postoperative regional or systemic chemotherapy also had no significant effect on @entity1 survival although two of the longest survivors (36 and 72 months) had received adjunctive chemotherapy. Nonfunctioning islet cell @entity5 are locally aggressive, have a propensity for early metastases, and are rarely resectable for cure. Unlike pancreatic exocrine @entity189 , endocrine @entity5 may respond favorably to adjunctive chemotherapy.

title: Nonfunctioning XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: Neurophysins have been recognized as the carrier proteins of vasopressin and @entity398 . The distribution of neurophysins is immunohistochemically confirmed in the hypothalamus, median eminence, and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The authors detected neurophysins in the @entity1 corticotrophs and @entity977 with the use of the immunohistochemical method with antiserum to @entity1 neurophysins, which did not cross-react with @entity4545 (ACTH), @entity71035 . All of ten pituitary glands obtained by autopsy revealed the presence of neurophysin-positive cells in the anterior, intermediate, and the posterior lobes. The neurophysin-positive cells were similar to the corticotrophs in shape and distribution. Simultaneous staining for ACTH and neurophysins in the serial sections revealed that neurophysin-positive cells were also ACTH-positive. One hundred twenty-four cases of @entity977 operated upon were investigated. All of 7 @entity652 were composed of neurophysin-positive cells. Six @entity5 with giantism showed sparsely distributed neurophysin-positive cells. No neurophysin-positive cells were observed in any other cases. This study is the first reported evidence of the presence of neurophysins in the @entity1 corticotrophs and @entity977 .

title: Presence of neurophysins in the @entity1 pituitary corticotrophs, @entity652 , and growth hormone-producing XXXX detected by immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's adenomas"]

entities_list: @entity71035 :: ('5443;1392', 'Gene') :: ['beta-endorphin, and corticotropin-releasing factor']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: Neurophysins have been recognized as the carrier proteins of vasopressin and @entity398 . The distribution of neurophysins is immunohistochemically confirmed in the hypothalamus, median eminence, and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The authors detected neurophysins in the @entity1 corticotrophs and @entity977 with the use of the immunohistochemical method with antiserum to @entity1 neurophysins, which did not cross-react with @entity4545 (ACTH), @entity71035 . All of ten pituitary glands obtained by autopsy revealed the presence of neurophysin-positive cells in the anterior, intermediate, and the posterior lobes. The neurophysin-positive cells were similar to the corticotrophs in shape and distribution. Simultaneous staining for ACTH and neurophysins in the serial sections revealed that neurophysin-positive cells were also ACTH-positive. One hundred twenty-four cases of @entity977 operated upon were investigated. All of 7 @entity652 were composed of neurophysin-positive cells. Six @entity5 with giantism showed sparsely distributed neurophysin-positive cells. No neurophysin-positive cells were observed in any other cases. This study is the first reported evidence of the presence of neurophysins in the @entity1 corticotrophs and @entity977 .

title: Presence of neurophysins in the @entity1 pituitary corticotrophs, XXXX , and growth hormone-producing @entity652 detected by immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Cushing's adenomas']


abstract: Neurophysins have been recognized as the carrier proteins of vasopressin and @entity398 . The distribution of neurophysins is immunohistochemically confirmed in the hypothalamus, median eminence, and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The authors detected neurophysins in the @entity1 corticotrophs and @entity977 with the use of the immunohistochemical method with antiserum to @entity1 neurophysins, which did not cross-react with @entity4545 (ACTH), @entity71035 . All of ten pituitary glands obtained by autopsy revealed the presence of neurophysin-positive cells in the anterior, intermediate, and the posterior lobes. The neurophysin-positive cells were similar to the corticotrophs in shape and distribution. Simultaneous staining for ACTH and neurophysins in the serial sections revealed that neurophysin-positive cells were also ACTH-positive. One hundred twenty-four cases of @entity977 operated upon were investigated. All of 7 @entity652 were composed of neurophysin-positive cells. Six @entity5 with giantism showed sparsely distributed neurophysin-positive cells. No neurophysin-positive cells were observed in any other cases. This study is the first reported evidence of the presence of neurophysins in the @entity1 corticotrophs and @entity977 .

title: Presence of neurophysins in the XXXX pituitary corticotrophs, @entity652 , and growth hormone-producing @entity652 detected by immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity9859 and @entity2247 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity1 @entity14 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 and the @entity2247 specific inhibitor @entity25592 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity9859 specific inhibitor, @entity16539 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity25592 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity16539 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3287 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity16539 or @entity25592 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity16539 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity25592 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity16539 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity23390 , @entity23638 , @entity9322 , @entity26112 and @entity18429 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity12985 , the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity25592 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2247 .

title: Gene modulation by XXXX and @entity2247 specific inhibitors in @entity1 @entity14 cells.

entities_list: @entity12985 :: ('MESH:C025462', 'Chemical') :: ['sulindac sulfide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

answer: @entity9859 :: (4512,Gene) :: ['Cox-1']


abstract: @entity9859 and @entity2247 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity1 @entity14 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 and the @entity2247 specific inhibitor @entity25592 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity9859 specific inhibitor, @entity16539 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity25592 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity16539 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3287 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity16539 or @entity25592 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity16539 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity25592 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity16539 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity23390 , @entity23638 , @entity9322 , @entity26112 and @entity18429 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity12985 , the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity25592 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2247 .

title: Gene modulation by @entity9859 and XXXX specific inhibitors in @entity1 @entity14 cells.

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['Cox-2']


abstract: @entity9859 and @entity2247 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity1 @entity14 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 and the @entity2247 specific inhibitor @entity25592 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity9859 specific inhibitor, @entity16539 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity25592 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity16539 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3287 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity16539 or @entity25592 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity16539 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity25592 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity16539 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity23390 , @entity23638 , @entity9322 , @entity26112 and @entity18429 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity12985 , the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity25592 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2247 .

title: Gene modulation by @entity9859 and @entity2247 specific inhibitors in @entity1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma cancer']


abstract: @entity9859 and @entity2247 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity1 @entity14 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 and the @entity2247 specific inhibitor @entity25592 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity9859 specific inhibitor, @entity16539 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity25592 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity16539 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3287 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity16539 or @entity25592 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity16539 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity25592 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity16539 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity23390 , @entity23638 , @entity9322 , @entity26112 and @entity18429 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity12985 , the @entity9859 specific inhibitor @entity16539 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity25592 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2247 .

title: Gene modulation by @entity9859 and @entity2247 specific inhibitors in XXXX @entity14 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Interferon (IFN)-alpha treatment is a common therapy for @entity3619 and contributes to preventing hepatocarcinogenesis. However, it is not clear whether IFN-alpha directly inhibits the clonal expansion of pre-neoplastic hepatocytes. To clarify the mechanism by which IFN-alpha prevents hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined the effect of IFN-alpha in a chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis model initiated by @entity107 ( @entity108 ) and promoted by @entity5997 ( @entity5997 ) and partial hepatectomy, in which @entity157 ( @entity157 ) arises through pre-neoplastic foci without @entity32 or @entity82 . The protocols of IFN-alpha administration were started simultaneously with chemical initiation and lasted for either 4 or 40 weeks. The pre-neoplastic foci and neoplastic @entity157 were evaluated at 4 or 40 weeks after chemical initiation, respectively. The effects of IFN-alpha were assessed by the expression of @entity5 -related genes and cell cycle-related genes in the pre-neoplastic foci, using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a result of IFN-alpha treatment, the numbers and average volume of pre-neoplastic foci were reduced. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index and the expression of G(1) cyclins were also reduced in the pre-neoplastic foci in the IFN-treated group. The expression of @entity7504 , which is an inhibitor of cyclin-kinase complexes was higher in the foci of the IFN-treated group, while @entity10740 expression was not altered in this group, compared with the control group. IFN-alpha also suppressed the @entity5 development at 40 weeks after initiation. And in the long-term IFN-alpha-treated group, both the @entity5 numbers and average @entity5 size were markedly more reduced than those in the short-term-treated group. Therefore, it was demonstrated that longer treatment with IFN-alpha was more effective, compared with shorter treatment. In conclusion, it was shown that IFN-alpha directly prevented and delayed hepatocarcinogenesis through the suppression of pre-neoplastic cell proliferation and that it may partially depend on @entity7504 induction through a @entity10740 -independent pathway.

title: IFN-alpha prevents the growth of pre-neoplastic lesions and inhibits the development of XXXX in the rat.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-AAF', '2-acetylaminofluorene']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: We evaluated the usefulness of @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) occlusion using a new catheter that combines good angiographic properties, easy manipulation across the duct, documentation of aortic and pulmonary artery pressure, and coil delivery for percutaneous transaortic ductal occlusion. Thirty @entity1 (13 females and 17 males) who met the clinical and echocardiographic criteria for the percutaneous closure of @entity2461 were catheterized. The @entity1 selected for this study had a small to moderate @entity2461 with a conal or tubular shape, adequate aortic ampula, and normal or mildly elevated pulmonary artery pressure. The median age was 4.8 years (range, 10 months-20 years). @entity1 were catheterized by the transaortic approach using the new angiographic and coil delivery catheter specially designed for this procedure. A @entity2461 was closed in every case. A single DuctOcclud pfm coil was delivered in 28 @entity1 , and 2 @entity1 had NitOcclud pfm coils for ductal occlusion. The screening time was measured and found to be 50% less than the measured screening time using other catheters in our laboratory. Only one catheter and one guidewire were used per procedure, with no need for exchange wires or the establishment of an arteriovenous loop. The procedure time was also reduced by 50%. A minimal residual shunt, demonstrated by color-flow Doppler mapping, was present in 2 @entity1 . The new combined angiographic and coil delivery catheter is most suitable for transaortic @entity2461 coil occlusion, significantly decreasing the procedure and screening time.

title: Percutaneous transaortic occlusion of XXXX using a new versatile angiographic and delivery catheter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus', 'PDA']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods were used to examine the GABAergic innervation of the inferior olivary nucleus in adult @entity35 . This neuronal system was visualized with an antibody against @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15), the @entity1246 -synthesizing enzyme. A GAD-positive reaction product was encountered only in short segments of preterminal axons and in axon terminals. Their relative number per unit area of neuropil was very similar in all olivary subnuclei. Despite this homogeneity in density, obvious intraregional differences existed. Some regions were strongly immunoreactive (the "c" subgroup, the beta nucleus, and the mediolateral outgrowth of the medial accessory olive), whereas others were weakly labeled (the dorsomedial cell column and the central zones of the medial accessory and principal olives). The strongly immunoreactive areas contained the largest and most intensively labeled axon terminals. Areas of weak labeling were filled with small, weakly immunoreactive nerve terminals. Thus, variations in size and in intensity of labeling create a specific pattern of @entity1246 innervation, revealed by an almost continuous gradient between the above-mentioned extremes. The GAD-positive axon terminals established conventional synapses with dendrites (94% of the samples) or with cell bodies (6%). The vast majority of these synapses were type II (84%) and only a small proportion formed type I synaptic contacts (16%), regardless of the nature of the postsynaptic element. Immunoreactive terminals were also involved in the complex synaptic arrangements--the glomeruli, which characterize the olivary neuropil. Within these formations, olivary neurons were electrotonically coupled through @entity3161 . There was a constant association between GAD-positive axon terminals and small dendritic appendages linked by gap junctions. This association was revealed not only by the systematic presence of immunolabeled terminals directly apposed to the dendritic appendages but, more importantly, by the frequent presence of type II synapses straddling both elements. These synapses were in close proximity to the low-resistance pathways represented by the gap junctions. The strategic location of these @entity1246 synapses is discussed in relation to recent findings indicating the possibility of a synaptic modulation of the electrical coupling: the release of @entity1246 , by increasing nonjunctional membrane conductance, could shunt the coupling between olivary neurons. The functional decoupling of selected gap junctions would be responsible for the spatial organization of the olivary electrotonic coupling.

title: Localization of @entity367 -decarboxylase-immunoreactive axon terminals in the inferior olive of the @entity35 , with special emphasis on anatomical relations between GABAergic synapses and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['dendrodendritic gap junctions']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity3161 :: (MESH:D020511,Disease) :: ['dendrodendritic gap junctions']


abstract: Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods were used to examine the GABAergic innervation of the inferior olivary nucleus in adult @entity35 . This neuronal system was visualized with an antibody against @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15), the @entity1246 -synthesizing enzyme. A GAD-positive reaction product was encountered only in short segments of preterminal axons and in axon terminals. Their relative number per unit area of neuropil was very similar in all olivary subnuclei. Despite this homogeneity in density, obvious intraregional differences existed. Some regions were strongly immunoreactive (the "c" subgroup, the beta nucleus, and the mediolateral outgrowth of the medial accessory olive), whereas others were weakly labeled (the dorsomedial cell column and the central zones of the medial accessory and principal olives). The strongly immunoreactive areas contained the largest and most intensively labeled axon terminals. Areas of weak labeling were filled with small, weakly immunoreactive nerve terminals. Thus, variations in size and in intensity of labeling create a specific pattern of @entity1246 innervation, revealed by an almost continuous gradient between the above-mentioned extremes. The GAD-positive axon terminals established conventional synapses with dendrites (94% of the samples) or with cell bodies (6%). The vast majority of these synapses were type II (84%) and only a small proportion formed type I synaptic contacts (16%), regardless of the nature of the postsynaptic element. Immunoreactive terminals were also involved in the complex synaptic arrangements--the glomeruli, which characterize the olivary neuropil. Within these formations, olivary neurons were electrotonically coupled through @entity3161 . There was a constant association between GAD-positive axon terminals and small dendritic appendages linked by gap junctions. This association was revealed not only by the systematic presence of immunolabeled terminals directly apposed to the dendritic appendages but, more importantly, by the frequent presence of type II synapses straddling both elements. These synapses were in close proximity to the low-resistance pathways represented by the gap junctions. The strategic location of these @entity1246 synapses is discussed in relation to recent findings indicating the possibility of a synaptic modulation of the electrical coupling: the release of @entity1246 , by increasing nonjunctional membrane conductance, could shunt the coupling between olivary neurons. The functional decoupling of selected gap junctions would be responsible for the spatial organization of the olivary electrotonic coupling.

title: Localization of XXXX -decarboxylase-immunoreactive axon terminals in the inferior olive of the @entity35 , with special emphasis on anatomical relations between GABAergic synapses and @entity3161 .

answer: @entity367 :: (CHEBI:18237,Chemical) :: ['glutamic-acid']