abstract: The i(12p) chromosome has been shown to characterize more than 80% of @entity33600 ( @entity2971 ) and is an important diagnostic marker. Although recent cytogenetic analyses of @entity2971 have defined nonrandom chromosome abnormalities in these @entity5 , no attempt has so far been made to compare i(12p)-positive and -negative @entity5 in terms of their cytogenetic, histologic, and clinical features. During a 5-year period, we have ascertained 202 @entity2971 , of which 117 had clonally abnormal karyotypes. Among the latter, 91 had one or more copies of i(12p), whereas 26 lacked an i(12p). We report here the karyotypic analysis of these 26 i(12p)-negative @entity2971 . In this group, nonrandom sites of chromosomal rearrangements included 12p13 (9/26) and 1p11-q11 (5/26). Comparison of the cytogenetic features of i(12p)-negative @entity5 with i(12p)-positive @entity5 revealed the only significant difference to be rearrangements affecting 12p13 in the former (35%) as compared to their absence in the latter (3%). Hybridization of metaphase preparations of 9 i(12p)-negative @entity5 with a chromosome 12 painting probe and with a microdissected 12p painting probe revealed extra copies of chromosome 12 segments incorporated into marker chromosomes whose composition could not otherwise be resolved by banding analysis; all were shown to be derived from 12p. These data demonstrate that both i(12p)-negative and -positive groups are characterized by an increased copy number of 12p, which is consistent with a lack of significant clinical or biological difference between them. An increased 12p copy number thus is a specific aberration of significance to the development of @entity2971 .

title: Molecular cytogenetic analysis of i(12p)-negative human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['GCTs', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity33600 :: ('MESH:C564777', 'Disease') :: ['male germ cell tumors']

answer: @entity33600 :: (MESH:C564777,Disease) :: ['male germ cell tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine magnetic resonance (MR) enteroclysis findings in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ), @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) type I, and @entity1050 , to develop and validate a scoring system to identify @entity1 with @entity1050 II and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR enteroclysis to detect @entity1593 -related @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed with approval of the institutional review board. One radiologist blinded to clinical details retrospectively evaluated quantitative and qualitative criteria of 28 studies obtained in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1593 (uncomplicated @entity1593 , n = 10; @entity1050 I, n = 8; @entity1050 II, n = 10). A scoring system was developed by using parameters identified in multivariate analysis to be associated with @entity1050 II, which two radiologists evaluated in a second group of 40 symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1593 . Accuracy to detect @entity5 was assessed in the total study group. Cumulative survival was evaluated in the total study group by using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: MR enteroclysis could not be used to discriminate between uncomplicated @entity1593 and @entity1050 I. The presence of less than 10 folds per 5 cm jejunum, mesenteric fat infiltration, and bowel wall thickening were associated with @entity1050 II. A positive MR score was defined as the presence of two or more of these features. In the validation group, the MR score was positive in 13 of 15 @entity1 with @entity1050 II (sensitivity, 0.87) and negative in 24 of 25 @entity1 without @entity1050 II (specificity, 0.96). The 5-year survival rate was 95% in @entity1 with a negative MR score and 56% in @entity1 with a positive MR score (P < .0001). MR enteroclysis helped to identify the presence of seven of eight @entity5 and to diagnose absence of @entity5 in 58 of 60 studies. CONCLUSION: MR enteroclysis can be used to investigate the presence of @entity1050 II or @entity5 in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1593 .

title: MR enteroclysis in refractory XXXX : proposal and validation of a severity scoring system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['RCD', 'RCD type II', 'refractory CD']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: A study has been done to assess the extent to which toxoplasma was responsible for fetal wastage. Hemagglutination and intradermal tests were used for diagnosis of @entity3252 . In addition, on 50 specimens of abortus material, placenta, and endometrial biopsy, animal innoculation was performed and at least 8 passages were done before negative results were declared. In 5 cases, toxoplasma was recovered. Brief clinical data for these @entity1 are presented. Hemagglutination tests were positive in 14% of the study group; i.e., cases with a history of fetal wastage in the form of abortions, @entity2209 , @entity600 , and @entity204 . In the control group of @entity1 with a good obstetric history, positive reactions were obtained in 4.9%. This difference was statistically significant. Reactions were more often positive in higher dilutions in the study group than in the controls. The intradermal test was positive in 14% of the @entity1 in the study group as compared to 6.7% of the controls. The difference was not statistically significant. In all cases, routine tests for other commonly known etiological factors for abortions were also done. Sometimes, more than 1 factor was discovered. A certain percentage of positive reactions to hemagglutination and intradermal tests in the control group is thought to be due to exposure of the @entity1 to @entity281 , but with no cysts in the uterus. It is concluded that the hemagglutination test is simple and a reliable screening test for @entity3252 . Toxoplasma is an etiological factor of abortions and @entity2209 particularly when fetal losses exceed 3.

title: XXXX : abortions and @entity2209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['Toxoplasmosis']


abstract: A study has been done to assess the extent to which toxoplasma was responsible for fetal wastage. Hemagglutination and intradermal tests were used for diagnosis of @entity3252 . In addition, on 50 specimens of abortus material, placenta, and endometrial biopsy, animal innoculation was performed and at least 8 passages were done before negative results were declared. In 5 cases, toxoplasma was recovered. Brief clinical data for these @entity1 are presented. Hemagglutination tests were positive in 14% of the study group; i.e., cases with a history of fetal wastage in the form of abortions, @entity2209 , @entity600 , and @entity204 . In the control group of @entity1 with a good obstetric history, positive reactions were obtained in 4.9%. This difference was statistically significant. Reactions were more often positive in higher dilutions in the study group than in the controls. The intradermal test was positive in 14% of the @entity1 in the study group as compared to 6.7% of the controls. The difference was not statistically significant. In all cases, routine tests for other commonly known etiological factors for abortions were also done. Sometimes, more than 1 factor was discovered. A certain percentage of positive reactions to hemagglutination and intradermal tests in the control group is thought to be due to exposure of the @entity1 to @entity281 , but with no cysts in the uterus. It is concluded that the hemagglutination test is simple and a reliable screening test for @entity3252 . Toxoplasma is an etiological factor of abortions and @entity2209 particularly when fetal losses exceed 3.

title: @entity3252 : abortions and XXXX .

answer: @entity2209 :: (MESH:D050497,Disease) :: ['stillbirths']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective study of 78 @entity1 who underwent palliative reconstructive operation for @entity1699 representing an entire consecutive experience between 1983 and 1991 to identify predictors of mortality that might enable more appropriate triage of @entity1 to either reconstruction or transplantation. Twenty-nine @entity1 had @entity2333 , mitral @entity1146 ; 18 had @entity472 , @entity4794 ; 20 had @entity2333 and @entity4794 ; and 11 had miscellaneous forms of @entity1699 . There were 29 hospital deaths (37%). A worst preoperative pH (p = 0.01) and immediate preoperative pH (p = 0.03) less than the median were predictors of hospital mortality. The anatomic subgroup @entity2333 , @entity4794 (p = 0.06) had a possible increased hospital mortality. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate among hospital survivors was 34% at 3 years and 25% at 5 years. The anatomic subgroup @entity2333 , mitral @entity1146 (p = 0.02) had a worse late outcome (11% 3-year survival) whereas the subgroup @entity472 , @entity4794 (p = 0.04; 76% 3-year survival) had a better late outcome. There were no other significant predictors of late survival other than immediate prerepair pH (p = 0.05). Interpretation of this experience is complicated by the large number of different surgical techniques used for both first-stage neonatal reconstruction and the Fontan procedure plus introduction of the bidirectional Glenn shunt as an intermediate step midway through the experience. Nevertheless in this time frame and with the variety of techniques used, this experience demonstrates that @entity1 with @entity2333 , mitral @entity1146 , particularly those who have been very acidotic in the neonatal period, are least likely to do well with the reconstructive approach to @entity1699 and are the most appropriate subgroup to be directed to transplantation. @entity1 with @entity472 , @entity4794 have an excellent late outcome with the reconstructive approach.

title: Anatomic subtype and survival after reconstructive operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atresia']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: Evident progress has been made in the treatment of @entity1911 . The results of hormone analysis became very accurate, the method for @entity5 localisation are non invasive and safe: with 131-I-MIBG, ultrasonography and CT-scan an exact preoperative localisation is possible without serious risks. @entity1 are prepared for the operation with alpha- and beta-blocking agents. Modern methods of anaesthesia with continuous monitoring of blood pressure, pulmonary pressure and cardiac output and a standardized operative procedure are essential. From 1965 to 1987 71 @entity1 with a total of 87 @entity2922 producing @entity5 have been operated. In all cases a transabdominal access was chosen. @entity5 were removed in 8 @entity1 , multiple (7) @entity5 in 2 @entity1 . The comparison of the 2 time intervals 1965 to 1976 and 1977 to 1987 showed a significant decrease of serious intra- and @entity260 . Surgical specimens of 36 @entity1 with @entity1911 were used for immunohistologic evaluation. Marked positivity was found in 44% of cases for @entity175 . The reaction for @entity3549 ( @entity3549 ) was positive in 28% of cases. @entity1943 was not detected in any case, @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) in all cases. 6 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with high doses of 131-I-MIBG, 4 other @entity1 received a combined chemotherapy.

title: [Treatment of XXXX : changes in diagnosis and therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3549 :: ('7432', 'Gene') :: ['VIP', 'vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant pheochromocytoma', 'Biadrenal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic (US) features of @entity1557 ( @entity1557 ), according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. METHODS: From 2010 through 2013, 586 @entity1 with @entity24344 were seen; 101 (17%) of those lesions were diagnosed as complex @entity24344 on percutaneous needle biopsy or surgery. Among the @entity1 with complex @entity24344 , 67 who had US examination results available were included in this study. In addition, the results from 98 @entity1 who had simple @entity24344 were included as controls. US features were retrospectively analyzed by two breast radiologists in consensus for shape, margin, echogenicity, posterior acoustic pattern, boundary, orientation, and associated findings. They also reassessed the BI-RADS category for @entity24344 . Color Doppler US examination results were classified according to the amount of vascularity as absent, moderate, or marked. RESULTS: Complex @entity1557 were larger than simple @entity24344 were (14.5 cm versus 12.1 cm, p > 0.05). On univariate analysis, a round to irregular shape, an uncircumscribed margin, the presence of associated findings, and BI-RADS categorization as 4a and 4b were more frequently revealed in complex than in simple @entity24344 (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the @entity5 margin was a predictive factor for complex @entity1557 (odds ratio: 6.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-32.49, p < 0.05). On color Doppler US, the complex @entity24344 had higher degrees of vascularity than simple @entity1557 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Complex @entity24344 , in comparison with simple @entity24344 , tend to have more aggressive features and to be in higher BI-RADS categories on US examination.

title: Gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic features of complex XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['FA', 'complex fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity1557 :: (MESH:D018226,Disease) :: ['fibroadenomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute @entity137 with @entity1168 brachytherapy for large prostate volumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and two @entity263 @entity1 with prostate volumes >50 mL (range: 5-29 mL) were treated with @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy    intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to 4,500 cGy in 25 daily fractions between 2009 and 2013. @entity1168 brachytherapy monotherapy doses consisted of two 1,350-1,400 cGy fractions separated by 2-3 weeks, and @entity1168 brachytherapy boost doses consisted of two 950-1,150 cGy fractions separated by 4 weeks. Twelve of 32 (38%) unfavorable intermediate risk, high risk, and very high risk @entity1 received @entity342 deprivation therapy. Acute @entity137 was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 14 months. Dosimetric goals were achieved in over 90% of cases. Three of 102 (3%) @entity1 developed Grade 2 acute @entity4272 . No variables were significantly associated with Grade 2 acute @entity4272 . Seventeen of 102 (17%) @entity1 developed Grade 2 acute urinary retention. American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score was the only variable significantly associated with Grade 2 acute urinary retention (p=0.04). There was no >=  Grade 3 acute @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate and normal tissue sparing were adequate in @entity1 with prostate volumes >50 mL. Higher pre-treatment AUA symptom scores increased the relative risk of Grade 2 acute urinary retention. However, the overall incidence of acute @entity137 was acceptable in @entity1 with large prostate volumes.

title: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute XXXX with @entity1168 brachytherapy for large prostate volumes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute @entity137 with @entity1168 brachytherapy for large prostate volumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and two @entity263 @entity1 with prostate volumes >50 mL (range: 5-29 mL) were treated with @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy    intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to 4,500 cGy in 25 daily fractions between 2009 and 2013. @entity1168 brachytherapy monotherapy doses consisted of two 1,350-1,400 cGy fractions separated by 2-3 weeks, and @entity1168 brachytherapy boost doses consisted of two 950-1,150 cGy fractions separated by 4 weeks. Twelve of 32 (38%) unfavorable intermediate risk, high risk, and very high risk @entity1 received @entity342 deprivation therapy. Acute @entity137 was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 14 months. Dosimetric goals were achieved in over 90% of cases. Three of 102 (3%) @entity1 developed Grade 2 acute @entity4272 . No variables were significantly associated with Grade 2 acute @entity4272 . Seventeen of 102 (17%) @entity1 developed Grade 2 acute urinary retention. American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score was the only variable significantly associated with Grade 2 acute urinary retention (p=0.04). There was no >=  Grade 3 acute @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate and normal tissue sparing were adequate in @entity1 with prostate volumes >50 mL. Higher pre-treatment AUA symptom scores increased the relative risk of Grade 2 acute urinary retention. However, the overall incidence of acute @entity137 was acceptable in @entity1 with large prostate volumes.

title: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute @entity137 with XXXX brachytherapy for large prostate volumes.

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['high-dose-rate']


abstract: C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 were injected i.v. with class I H-2-disparate B10.QBR spleen cells (10(7)/ @entity19 ). This regimen, termed donor alloantigen-specific i.v. pre-sensitization (DSP), induced almost complete reduction of the anti-B10.QBR mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) that has been regarded to represent a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-independent graft rejection pathway. Because the DSP regimen failed to affect the generation of CTL responses, it did not prolong graft survival. Repeated (four or 11 times) administration in vivo (during 5 or 18 days) of @entity3446 at suboptimal doses (0.5-2.0 mg/kg/day) failed to eliminate the capacities to exhibit MLR as well as to generate CTL responses. The suppression of CTL responses was achieved only through the combination of these two treatments. It was also shown that prolongation of skin graft survival was not induced by either of a single DSP or @entity3446 treatment alone, but by the combination of these. Potent suppression of CTL responses was also induced when a single DSP was combined with repeated injection of a suboptimal dose (0.75 mg/kg/day) of another immunosuppressive drug, @entity1140 , instead of @entity3446 . However, there was a substantial difference in cellular mechanisms underlying the suppression of CTL responses by the above two different combinations. Under conditions in which lymphoid cells from @entity19 receiving the treatments with DSP plus @entity1140 failed to generate CTL responses, the addition of recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity5041 ) to cultures restored the CTL generation, suggesting that CTL precursors themselves are not attenuated by the combined treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Suppression of allograft responses by combining alloantigen-specific i.v. pre-sensitization with suboptimal doses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2014/15 @entity683 season in Canada was characterized by an @entity3082 due to vaccine-mismatched @entity683 , disproportionately affecting elderly individuals >= 65-years-old. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) against A(H3N2) hospitalization among elderly individuals during the peak weeks of the 2014/15 epidemic in Quebec, Canada. METHODS: Nasal specimens and clinical/epidemiological data were collected within 7 days of illness onset from elderly @entity1 admitted with respiratory symptoms to one of four participating hospitals between November 30, 2014 and January 13, 2015. Cases tested RT-PCR positive for @entity683 A(H3N2) and controls tested negative for any @entity683 . VE was assessed by test-negative case-control design. RESULTS: There were 314 @entity1 including 186 cases (62% vaccinated) and 128 controls (59% vaccinated) included in primary VE analysis. Median age was 81.5 years, two-thirds were admitted from the community and 91% had underlying comorbidity. Crude VE against A(H3N2) hospitalization was -17% (95%CI: -86% to 26%), decreasing to -23% (95%CI: -99 to 23%) with adjustment for age and comorbidity, and to -39% (95%CI: -142 to 20%) with additional adjustment for specimen collection interval, calendar time, type of residence and hospital. In sensitivity analyses, VE estimates were improved toward the null with restriction to @entity1 admitted from the community (-2%; 95%CI: -105 to 49%) or with specimen collection  <=4 days since illness onset (- 8%; 95%CI: -104 to 43%) but further from the null with restriction to @entity1 with comorbidity (-51%; 95%CI: -169 to 15%). CONCLUSION: The 2014/15 mismatched @entity683 vaccine provided elderly @entity1 with no cross-protection against hospitalization with the A(H3N2) epidemic strain, reinforcing the need for adjunct protective measures among high-risk individuals and improved vaccine options.

title: Mid-Season Estimates of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against XXXX (H3N2) Hospitalization in the Elderly in Quebec, Canada, January 2015.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A(H3N2) viruses', 'influenza']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['early epidemic']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['Influenza A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: First-Trimester Use of Selective @entity750 -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of @entity600 Original Article, N Engl J Med 2007;356:2675-2683. In the Abstract (page 2675), the second sentence of Results should have read, "Analyses of the associations between individual SSRIs and specific defects showed significant associations between the use of @entity3756 and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity903 and right ventricular outflow @entity3885 (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.8; 6 exposed subjects)," rather than ".  .  . and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and @entity1757 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0; 13 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity903 .  .  . ." In the third paragraph of the "Assessment of Previous Hypotheses" subsection of Results (page 2678), the second sentence should have ended, ".  .  . ranged from 0.5 to 3.3, and one risk estimate had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity903 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ," rather than ".  .  . 3.3, and two risk estimates had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity3756 in relation to @entity1757 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0, based on 13 exposed subjects) and @entity903 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ." In Table 2 (page 2679), the 95% confidence interval given for @entity1757 in the " @entity3756 " column should have been "(1.0-4.0)," rather than "(1.2-4.0)." In the second paragraph of the Discussion, the first parenthetical in the second sentence (page 2680) should have read, "(odds ratio, 2.0; lower confidence bound, 1.0)," rather than "(odds ratio, 2.0)." In the first sentence of the third paragraph (page 2680), the term "selected @entity299 " should have been "selected defects." In the fifth paragraph, the final sentence (page 2681) should have ended, ".  .  . neither of which was common to both drugs," rather than ".  .  . none of which were common .  .  . ." The article is correct at NEJM.org.

title: First-Trimester Use of Selective XXXX -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['tract obstruction defects']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: First-Trimester Use of Selective @entity750 -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of @entity600 Original Article, N Engl J Med 2007;356:2675-2683. In the Abstract (page 2675), the second sentence of Results should have read, "Analyses of the associations between individual SSRIs and specific defects showed significant associations between the use of @entity3756 and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity903 and right ventricular outflow @entity3885 (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.8; 6 exposed subjects)," rather than ".  .  . and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and @entity1757 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0; 13 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity903 .  .  . ." In the third paragraph of the "Assessment of Previous Hypotheses" subsection of Results (page 2678), the second sentence should have ended, ".  .  . ranged from 0.5 to 3.3, and one risk estimate had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity903 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ," rather than ".  .  . 3.3, and two risk estimates had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity3756 in relation to @entity1757 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0, based on 13 exposed subjects) and @entity903 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ." In Table 2 (page 2679), the 95% confidence interval given for @entity1757 in the " @entity3756 " column should have been "(1.0-4.0)," rather than "(1.2-4.0)." In the second paragraph of the Discussion, the first parenthetical in the second sentence (page 2680) should have read, "(odds ratio, 2.0; lower confidence bound, 1.0)," rather than "(odds ratio, 2.0)." In the first sentence of the third paragraph (page 2680), the term "selected @entity299 " should have been "selected defects." In the fifth paragraph, the final sentence (page 2681) should have ended, ".  .  . neither of which was common to both drugs," rather than ".  .  . none of which were common .  .  . ." The article is correct at NEJM.org.

title: First-Trimester Use of Selective @entity750 -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Birth Defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity569 84 multicentric prospective trial of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) was designed to (1) test the effectiveness of @entity1260 3 g/m2 on days 1 and 2, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1 and 14, and @entity4316 0.9 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 ( @entity3480 ) repeated every 21 days; and (2) reduce late effects of treatment by reserving radiation therapy to the primary site for @entity1 not achieving a complete response (CR) to primary chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1984 and 1989, the MMT 84 study registered 34 @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity980 ( @entity980 ) and other @entity361 ( @entity361 ) of the orbit in this trial. RESULTS: The 4-year event-free survival rate is 62% +/- 9% (SD) and the 4-year survival rate 86% +/- 7% (SD). A total of 11 local recurrences occurred, 10 among 22 @entity1 treated without initial radiation. Salvage of local failure was achieved in nine of 11 @entity1 with the use of radiation and additional chemotherapy, but three later developed distant metastases and two have died. One isolated regional lymph node failure has occurred, while no @entity1 relapsed with isolated distant metastases. Six of 12 @entity1 who failed are alive with no evidence of disease from 16 to 50 months after relapse. The treatment was well tolerated in all @entity1 , except for one with @entity8 and one who died of @entity1370 . Twelve @entity1 remain in first remission without the use of radiation to the @entity5 from 27 to 84 months. CONCLUSION: Despite a higher incidence of local recurrence when treated by primary chemotherapy, early survival rates were not compromised and a significant number of @entity1 avoided the late effects of radiation. However, longer follow-up is required to assess the ultimate outcome of @entity1 treated in this manner.

title: Primary chemotherapy in @entity980 and other XXXX of the orbit: results of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology MMT 84 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['MMTs', 'malignant mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas', 'RMSs']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity361 :: (MESH:C535700,Disease) :: ['malignant mesenchymal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity569 84 multicentric prospective trial of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) was designed to (1) test the effectiveness of @entity1260 3 g/m2 on days 1 and 2, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1 and 14, and @entity4316 0.9 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 ( @entity3480 ) repeated every 21 days; and (2) reduce late effects of treatment by reserving radiation therapy to the primary site for @entity1 not achieving a complete response (CR) to primary chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1984 and 1989, the MMT 84 study registered 34 @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity980 ( @entity980 ) and other @entity361 ( @entity361 ) of the orbit in this trial. RESULTS: The 4-year event-free survival rate is 62% +/- 9% (SD) and the 4-year survival rate 86% +/- 7% (SD). A total of 11 local recurrences occurred, 10 among 22 @entity1 treated without initial radiation. Salvage of local failure was achieved in nine of 11 @entity1 with the use of radiation and additional chemotherapy, but three later developed distant metastases and two have died. One isolated regional lymph node failure has occurred, while no @entity1 relapsed with isolated distant metastases. Six of 12 @entity1 who failed are alive with no evidence of disease from 16 to 50 months after relapse. The treatment was well tolerated in all @entity1 , except for one with @entity8 and one who died of @entity1370 . Twelve @entity1 remain in first remission without the use of radiation to the @entity5 from 27 to 84 months. CONCLUSION: Despite a higher incidence of local recurrence when treated by primary chemotherapy, early survival rates were not compromised and a significant number of @entity1 avoided the late effects of radiation. However, longer follow-up is required to assess the ultimate outcome of @entity1 treated in this manner.

title: Primary chemotherapy in XXXX and other @entity361 of the orbit: results of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology MMT 84 Study.

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas']


abstract: @entity11617 (ET) is increased in plasma after @entity583 . Whether brief periods of @entity741 not leading to @entity583 also increase plasma ET is not known. The purpose of the present study was to examine cardiac ET balance in association with a 10-min LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion. Venous blood was selectively sampled from the transiently @entity63 myocardium using a shunt between the anterior interventricular vein and the right atrium in eight @entity4485 -anesthetized @entity1707 . Flow in the shunt was measured with a Doppler flow probe. Arterial blood was drawn from the aortic arch. Plasma ET was measured using an ET [1-21]-specific 125I assay system. This assay system has no cross-reactivity with big ET. A net cardiac ET uptake of 0.7 (0.3-1.4) fmol min-1 g-1 (median, 95% confidence interval) in the control period shifted to a net release during the first 10 min of reperfusion. The release reached a maximum of 2.8 (0.4-6.0) fmol min-1 g-1 after 1.5 min of reperfusion. Cardiac venous ET concentration increased from 3.4 (2.5-4.8) to 4.4 (3.6-6.9) and 4.4 (3.6-6.6) fmol ml-1 at 1.5 and 5 min of reperfusion, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Arterial ET concentration decreased from 4.8 (3.9-6.1) to 2.7 (2.4-4.3) fmol ml-1 at 10 min of reperfusion (p < 0.001). ET is released from the porcine heart for several minutes during reperfusion after a brief @entity1563 .

title: XXXX is released from the porcine coronary circulation after short-term @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['Endothelin']

answer: @entity11617 :: (MESH:D016232,Chemical) :: ['Endothelin']


abstract: @entity11617 (ET) is increased in plasma after @entity583 . Whether brief periods of @entity741 not leading to @entity583 also increase plasma ET is not known. The purpose of the present study was to examine cardiac ET balance in association with a 10-min LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion. Venous blood was selectively sampled from the transiently @entity63 myocardium using a shunt between the anterior interventricular vein and the right atrium in eight @entity4485 -anesthetized @entity1707 . Flow in the shunt was measured with a Doppler flow probe. Arterial blood was drawn from the aortic arch. Plasma ET was measured using an ET [1-21]-specific 125I assay system. This assay system has no cross-reactivity with big ET. A net cardiac ET uptake of 0.7 (0.3-1.4) fmol min-1 g-1 (median, 95% confidence interval) in the control period shifted to a net release during the first 10 min of reperfusion. The release reached a maximum of 2.8 (0.4-6.0) fmol min-1 g-1 after 1.5 min of reperfusion. Cardiac venous ET concentration increased from 3.4 (2.5-4.8) to 4.4 (3.6-6.9) and 4.4 (3.6-6.6) fmol ml-1 at 1.5 and 5 min of reperfusion, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Arterial ET concentration decreased from 4.8 (3.9-6.1) to 2.7 (2.4-4.3) fmol ml-1 at 10 min of reperfusion (p < 0.001). ET is released from the porcine heart for several minutes during reperfusion after a brief @entity1563 .

title: @entity11617 is released from the porcine coronary circulation after short-term XXXX .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity11614 ( @entity11614 ) is a potent vasoconstrictor whose serum concentration increases with the development of @entity731 . Coronary artery-vein bypass grafts are susceptible to @entity2553 and to the development of accelerated @entity731 . Although @entity11614 is thought to play a role in @entity3361 , the effect of @entity11614 in atherosclerotic vein grafts is unknown. The responses of veins, arteries, and vein bypass grafts from normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic animals to @entity11614 were therefore investigated. Vein bypass grafts were placed in the carotid position of 12 New Zealand White @entity95 . Seven were fed a 1% @entity165 diet for 4 weeks before surgery and thereafter until harvest ( @entity407 ), and five were fed a normal diet (normolipidemia). Vein grafts, contralateral common carotid arteries, and jugular veins were harvested 4 weeks after surgery. Whereas there were no histologic changes in veins or carotids, normolipidemic vein grafts developed intimal @entity1373 and hyperlipidemic vein grafts developed @entity731 . Isometric tension studies with @entity11614 (10(-12) to 10(-6) M) showed that @entity407 increased the maximal tension generated to @entity11614 in the veins (660 +/- 80 to 1,110 +/- 140 mg, mean +/- SEM; p < 0.05), carotids (150 +/- 30 mg to 540 +/- 120 mg; p < 0.05), and vein grafts (180 +/- 20 to 450 +/- 60 mg; p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endothelin and vein bypass grafts in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of @entity1576 in school-aged @entity1 and to determine the value of field spirometry. METHODS: Data on 313 1st and 4th graders from four public schools in Lisbon were analyzed. A respiratory self-answered questionnaire and standard spirometry were performed. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was followed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the @entity1 presented at least one episode of wheezing (18% >=  2 episodes), and 4% had @entity565 . Wheezing was more frequent with family history of @entity402 (adjusted OR = 2.7; 95%CI 1.4-5.1), maternal smoking during pregnancy, @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) (adjusted OR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.2-6.2), @entity5924 (adjusted OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.3-8.2), and @entity566 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95%CI 1.4-7.2). @entity565 was more frequent with previous history of @entity1729 (adjusted OR = 14.6; 95%CI 1.7-122.9) and @entity566 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 8.2; 95%CI 2.0-34.2). Fifty-five percent of spirometry measurements met the acceptability criteria of the American @entity1514 Society and of the European Respiratory Society. Wheezers presented mean lower z scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), ratio between FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25-75) (p < 0.05), as well as higher percentage of abnormal FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75/ (FEF25-75, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed a high prevalence of obstructive airway symptoms in school-aged @entity1 in Lisbon. Symptoms assessed by the questionnaire showed good correlation with spirometric values. The small prevalence of @entity565 leads us to speculate that @entity565 is under-diagnosed in this population.

title: XXXX screening in school-aged @entity1 using portable spirometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['LRTI', 'lower respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of @entity1576 in school-aged @entity1 and to determine the value of field spirometry. METHODS: Data on 313 1st and 4th graders from four public schools in Lisbon were analyzed. A respiratory self-answered questionnaire and standard spirometry were performed. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was followed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the @entity1 presented at least one episode of wheezing (18% >=  2 episodes), and 4% had @entity565 . Wheezing was more frequent with family history of @entity402 (adjusted OR = 2.7; 95%CI 1.4-5.1), maternal smoking during pregnancy, @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) (adjusted OR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.2-6.2), @entity5924 (adjusted OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.3-8.2), and @entity566 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95%CI 1.4-7.2). @entity565 was more frequent with previous history of @entity1729 (adjusted OR = 14.6; 95%CI 1.7-122.9) and @entity566 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 8.2; 95%CI 2.0-34.2). Fifty-five percent of spirometry measurements met the acceptability criteria of the American @entity1514 Society and of the European Respiratory Society. Wheezers presented mean lower z scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), ratio between FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25-75) (p < 0.05), as well as higher percentage of abnormal FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75/ (FEF25-75, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed a high prevalence of obstructive airway symptoms in school-aged @entity1 in Lisbon. Symptoms assessed by the questionnaire showed good correlation with spirometric values. The small prevalence of @entity565 leads us to speculate that @entity565 is under-diagnosed in this population.

title: @entity1576 screening in school-aged XXXX using portable spirometry.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of human @entity1530 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). METHODS: We genotyped three SNPs ( @entity73248 , @entity73249 and @entity73250 ). The primers were designed using Primer3 algorithm via primer-BLAST interface. PCR products were digested by using NlaIII, BmrI and TaqaI enzymes. Quality control was performed by DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS: In total, 207 @entity1 with @entity1691 and 32 healthy controls were included in the study. The sensitivity and specificity of SNPs @entity73248 and @entity73250 in identifying @entity1530 were identical and adequate at 0.946 and 1.000, respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity for @entity73249 was 0.878 and 0.934, respectively. The presence of another SNP ( @entity73251 ) in close proximity to @entity73248 complicated the analysis for RFLP and required that we sequence all the T allele carrying samples. CONCLUSION: The SNPs @entity73248 and @entity73250 may have a place in the identification of @entity1530 in the Turkish population; however, methods other than PCR-RFLP should be considered.

title: Do major histocompatibility complex tag single nucleotide polymorphisms accurately identify XXXX in the Turkish population?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

answer: @entity1530 :: (3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-B27']


abstract: RATIONALE: The default mode network ( @entity1233 ), one of several resting-state networks (RSN) in the brain, is thought to be involved in self-referential thought, awareness, and episodic memories. @entity1239 improves cognitive performance, in part by improving attention. Nicotinic agonists have been shown to decrease activity in regions within @entity1233 and increase activity in regions involved in visual attention during effortful processing of external stimuli. It is unknown if these pharmacological effects also occur in the absence of effortful processing. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine if @entity1239 suppresses activity in default mode and enhances activity in extra-striate RSNs in the absence of an external visual task. METHODS: Within-subject, single-blinded, counterbalanced study of 19 non-smoking subjects who had resting functional MRI scans after 7 mg @entity1239 or placebo patch. Group independent component analysis was performed. The @entity1233 component was identified by spatial correlation with a reference @entity1233 mask. A visual attention component was identified by spatial correlation with an extra-striate mask. Analyses were conducted using statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS: @entity1239 was associated with decreased activity in regions within the @entity1233 and increased activity in extra-striate regions. CONCLUSIONS: Suppression of @entity1233 and enhancement of extra-striate resting-state activity in the absence of visual stimuli or effortful processing suggest that @entity1239 's cognitive effects may involve a shift in activity from networks that process internal to those that process external information. This is a potential mechanism by which cholinergic agonists may have a beneficial effect in diseases associated with altered resting-state activity.

title: XXXX effects on default mode network during resting state.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: Moxibustion, an acupuncture-like intervention, is increasingly used in the management of @entity627 . The aim of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the trials testing effectiveness of moxibustion for major @entity627 . Fourteen databases were searched from their inception through May 2010, without language restriction. @entity922 ( @entity922 ) were included if moxibustion was used as the sole treatment or as a part of a combination therapy with conventional drugs for @entity627 . Cochrane criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 14 @entity922 met our inclusion criteria. All were of low methodological quality. The meta-analysis of the eight @entity922 suggested favorable effects of moxibustion on the response rate compared with conventional drug therapy [n   =   631; relative risk (RR), 1.13; 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 1.02 to 1.26; P   =   0.02] with high heterogeneity (I (2)   =   58%). A subgroup analysis showed significant effects of moxibustion on the RR compared with drug therapy in @entity1 with @entity626 , whereas it failed to do so in @entity309 . The results of meta-analysis of the six @entity922 suggested favorable effects of moxibustion plus drug therapy on the response rate compared with conventional drug therapy alone (n   =   433; RR, 1.25; 95% CIs, 1.09 to 1.43; P   =   0.02) with high heterogeneity (I (2)   =   62%). This systematic review fails to provide conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of moxibustion compared with drug therapy in @entity627 . The total number of @entity922 included in this review and their methodological quality were low. These limitations make it difficult to draw firm conclusions.

title: Moxibustion for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic conditions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs', 'Randomized clinical trials']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic conditions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the function recovery and treatment effect of extended supraglottic orizontal-partial laryngectomy in the treatment of advanced @entity189 and @entity189 . METHOD: Forty-four @entity1 who received extended supraglottic orizontal partial laryngectomy were followed up on the survival, breath function, pronunciation and swallowing function. RESULT: The 2-year, 3-year survival rates of this group were 72.7% and 71.4%, respectively. There were no recurrence cases in this group. All cases of @entity204 were due to cervical lymph node @entity3 or recurrent cervical lymph node @entity3 after cervical lymph node dissection. The extractive rate of tracheostomy tube was 97.7%. Forty-two @entity1 own good pronunciations. Two @entity1 who received partial arytenoid cartilage resection own weaker pronunciations. After practising, all the @entity1 can eat without the nasal feeding tube. CONCLUSION: Extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy give complete resection of the @entity75 . @entity1 who received extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy have good breath, swallowing and pronunciation function.

title: [The application of extended supraglottic horizontal partial laryngectomy in advanced XXXX and @entity189 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'vallecula carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the function recovery and treatment effect of extended supraglottic orizontal-partial laryngectomy in the treatment of advanced @entity189 and @entity189 . METHOD: Forty-four @entity1 who received extended supraglottic orizontal partial laryngectomy were followed up on the survival, breath function, pronunciation and swallowing function. RESULT: The 2-year, 3-year survival rates of this group were 72.7% and 71.4%, respectively. There were no recurrence cases in this group. All cases of @entity204 were due to cervical lymph node @entity3 or recurrent cervical lymph node @entity3 after cervical lymph node dissection. The extractive rate of tracheostomy tube was 97.7%. Forty-two @entity1 own good pronunciations. Two @entity1 who received partial arytenoid cartilage resection own weaker pronunciations. After practising, all the @entity1 can eat without the nasal feeding tube. CONCLUSION: Extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy give complete resection of the @entity75 . @entity1 who received extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy have good breath, swallowing and pronunciation function.

title: [The application of extended supraglottic horizontal partial laryngectomy in advanced @entity189 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vallecula carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sublingual immunotherapy with @entity8786 drops on @entity1 with @entity2023 . METHOD: One hundred and twelve cases were collected from adult @entity1 with dust-mite @entity2023 of our hospital who could adhere to treatment and regular follow-up. These @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT group, n = 56) or medical treatment (Control group, n = 56). To evaluate the clinical efficacy by side effects which were registered, symptom and medication scores which were assessed and @entity7370 quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) which was completed in the baseline and two years after treatment. RESULT: Dropouts after the 2 years' treatment were 5 of SLIT group and 4 of Control group respectively. SLIT group induced the significant reductions on both the symptom scores (7.81    3.14 to 3.89    2.01, P < 0.0 1) and the medication scores (2.86    0.75 to 0.44    0.06, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Control group induced the reductions on both the symptom scores (8.01    3.32 to 5.20    2.43) and the medication scores (2.95    0.80 to 1.75    0.40). There were significant differences (P< 0. 01) in symptom and medication scores between the two groups after 2-year treatment. The @entity1 in SLIT group had fewer symptoms and lower intake of medication. There were statistically significant differences in RQLQ between SLIT group [19 (15,22)] and Control group [36 (26,47)] after two years treatment (Z = -5. 21, P < 0.01). SLIT group also had significant improvement in RQLQ (Z = -6.10, P < 0.01) between before and after the treatment. There were 4 @entity1 who showed adverse reactions in SLIT group (3 occurred in increment period, and 1 occurred in the maintenance period). The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.14%. No severe systemic side effects were registered. CONCLUSION: SLIT with standardized @entity8786 drops in China is safe and effective to @entity1 with @entity2023 .

title: [Study on the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with standardized @entity8786 drops for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sublingual immunotherapy with @entity8786 drops on @entity1 with @entity2023 . METHOD: One hundred and twelve cases were collected from adult @entity1 with dust-mite @entity2023 of our hospital who could adhere to treatment and regular follow-up. These @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT group, n = 56) or medical treatment (Control group, n = 56). To evaluate the clinical efficacy by side effects which were registered, symptom and medication scores which were assessed and @entity7370 quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) which was completed in the baseline and two years after treatment. RESULT: Dropouts after the 2 years' treatment were 5 of SLIT group and 4 of Control group respectively. SLIT group induced the significant reductions on both the symptom scores (7.81    3.14 to 3.89    2.01, P < 0.0 1) and the medication scores (2.86    0.75 to 0.44    0.06, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Control group induced the reductions on both the symptom scores (8.01    3.32 to 5.20    2.43) and the medication scores (2.95    0.80 to 1.75    0.40). There were significant differences (P< 0. 01) in symptom and medication scores between the two groups after 2-year treatment. The @entity1 in SLIT group had fewer symptoms and lower intake of medication. There were statistically significant differences in RQLQ between SLIT group [19 (15,22)] and Control group [36 (26,47)] after two years treatment (Z = -5. 21, P < 0.01). SLIT group also had significant improvement in RQLQ (Z = -6.10, P < 0.01) between before and after the treatment. There were 4 @entity1 who showed adverse reactions in SLIT group (3 occurred in increment period, and 1 occurred in the maintenance period). The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.14%. No severe systemic side effects were registered. CONCLUSION: SLIT with standardized @entity8786 drops in China is safe and effective to @entity1 with @entity2023 .

title: [Study on the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with standardized XXXX drops for @entity2023 ].

answer: @entity8786 :: (6954,Species) :: ['dermatophagoides farinae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metamemory describes the monitoring and knowledge about one's memory capabilities. @entity1 with @entity161 have been found to be less able in differentiating between correct and false answers (smaller confidence gap) when asked to provide retrospective confidence ratings in previous studies. Furthermore, higher proportions of very-high-confident but false responses have been found in this @entity1 group (high knowledge corruption). Whether and how these biases contribute to the early pathogenesis of @entity716 is yet unclear. This study thus aimed at investigating metamemory function in the early course of @entity716 . METHOD: @entity1 in an at-risk mental state for @entity716 (ARMS, n = 34), @entity1 with a first episode of @entity716 (FEP, n = 21) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 38) were compared on a verbal recognition task combined with retrospective confidence-level ratings. RESULTS: FEP @entity1 showed the smallest confidence gap, followed by ARMS @entity1 , followed by HCs. All groups differed significantly from each other. Regarding knowledge corruption, FEP @entity1 differed significantly from HCs, whereas a statistical trend was revealed in comparison of ARMS and FEP groups. Correlations were revealed between metamemory, measures of positive symptoms and working memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: These data underline the presence of a metamemory bias in ARMS @entity1 which is even more pronounced in FEP @entity1 . The bias might represent an early cognitive marker of the beginning @entity716 state. Longitudinal studies are needed to unravel whether @entity51 predict the transition to @entity716 and to evaluate therapeutic interventions.

title: Investigation of metamemory functioning in the at-risk mental state for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['metacognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3069 complex (MAC) is a ubiquitous pathogen, widely distributed in the environment including water, soil and animals. It is an uncommonly encountered clinical pathogen; primarily causing @entity358 in @entity1 with underlying @entity358 or disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts. Sporadically, extra- @entity358 have been documented including involvement of the liver, spleen, skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes. @entity4767 due to MAC are exceedingly rare and carry a poor prognosis. Additionally, such infections are largely reported in @entity1 infected with @entity645 . Herein we report the first case of @entity932 due to MAC in an immunocompetent @entity1 with a normal @entity404 count and negative @entity645 status. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 40-year-old male presented to us with progressively worsening CNS symptoms. The @entity1 's presentation was uncharacteristic of @entity19262 in immunocompetent hosts, as he developed subacute, progressive symptoms that included severe @entity10 , @entity227 , and @entity892 , without any pulmonary or systemic manifestations. Neuroimaging revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions, which required neurosurgical intervention. MAC was the only pathogen that grew from intraoperative tissue cultures. The @entity1 was subsequently treated with a 12-month regimen consisting of @entity4581 , @entity3110 , and @entity1215 , with successful clinical resolution. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that it is important to consider rare infections such as MAC in immunocompetent @entity1 , regardless of atypical symptoms. Despite the severity of this infection, with timely diagnosis effective treatment is available.

title: XXXX due to @entity3069 complex in an immunocompetent host: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system (CNS) infections']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abscess']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['left eyelid swelling, blurry vision']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['Clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifampin']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['MAC infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['frontal headaches']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['Intracranial abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3069 complex (MAC) is a ubiquitous pathogen, widely distributed in the environment including water, soil and animals. It is an uncommonly encountered clinical pathogen; primarily causing @entity358 in @entity1 with underlying @entity358 or disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts. Sporadically, extra- @entity358 have been documented including involvement of the liver, spleen, skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes. @entity4767 due to MAC are exceedingly rare and carry a poor prognosis. Additionally, such infections are largely reported in @entity1 infected with @entity645 . Herein we report the first case of @entity932 due to MAC in an immunocompetent @entity1 with a normal @entity404 count and negative @entity645 status. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 40-year-old male presented to us with progressively worsening CNS symptoms. The @entity1 's presentation was uncharacteristic of @entity19262 in immunocompetent hosts, as he developed subacute, progressive symptoms that included severe @entity10 , @entity227 , and @entity892 , without any pulmonary or systemic manifestations. Neuroimaging revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions, which required neurosurgical intervention. MAC was the only pathogen that grew from intraoperative tissue cultures. The @entity1 was subsequently treated with a 12-month regimen consisting of @entity4581 , @entity3110 , and @entity1215 , with successful clinical resolution. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that it is important to consider rare infections such as MAC in immunocompetent @entity1 , regardless of atypical symptoms. Despite the severity of this infection, with timely diagnosis effective treatment is available.

title: @entity932 due to XXXX complex in an immunocompetent host: a case report.

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic transcutaneous inguinal @entity547 repair in @entity1 may reduce @entity282 , improve cosmesis, allow for less manipulation of the cord structures, and offer easy access to the contralateral groin. However, there is concern for unacceptably high recurrence rates when the procedure is generalized. To address this increase in recurrence, in 2011 we described in this journal a modification of the laparoscopic transcutaneous technique that replicates high transfixation ligature of the @entity547 sac with the aim of inducing more secure healing, preventing @entity23002 , and distributing tension across two suture passes. We now describe our long-term follow-up of this novel repair. METHODS: After obtaining IRB approval, a retrospective chart review and phone follow-up were performed on all @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic transfixation ligature @entity547 repair between October 2009 and August 2014 (including further follow-up of the 21 @entity1 reviewed in the 2011 report of this technique). Data collection included demographics, laterality of @entity547 , evidence of recurrence, complications, and time to follow-up. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 24 months (range 2-52 months). Three pediatric surgeons performed 216 laparoscopic transfixation ligature repairs on 166 @entity1 . DEMOGRAPHICS: mean age 29.5 months (range 1-192 months); male 67.2% and female 32.8%; 4.2% of @entity1 were premature at operation. Repairs were bilateral in 42% of @entity1 , right sided in 34%, and left sided in 24%. Three @entity1 together experienced 4 recurrences, for an overall recurrence rate of 1.8%. Two of the recurrences occurred in @entity4536 @entity1 with severe @entity299 who recurred twice after laparoscopic transfixation ligature repair then subsequently failed an attempt at open repair. Excluding this one outlier @entity1 , the recurrence rate was 0.9%. The complication rate was 1.7% (3 hydroceles and 1 inguinal @entity1410 ; all resolved spontaneously). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic high transfixation ligature @entity547 repair can be adopted by surgeons with basic laparoscopic skills, and result in excellent outcomes with acceptable recurrence rates.

title: Long-term follow-up of laparoscopic transcutaneous inguinal herniorraphy with high transfixation suture ligature of the XXXX sac.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23002 :: ('MESH:C563296', 'Disease') :: ['suture slippage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['a 2-month old syndromic']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: We have examined the @entity5483 ( @entity5483 ) protein gene expression in euthyroid and @entity1375 @entity35 . @entity5483 mRNA levels were estimated by northern blot analysis of total RNA from brown adipose tissue (BAT). Stimuli were endogenous (cold) and exogenous @entity1063 (NE), @entity3044 , T3, and T4. While the euthyroid @entity35 @entity5483 mRNA levels increase 2- to 3-fold by 2 h after NE or overnight cold exposure, these stimuli and @entity3044 are ineffective in @entity1375 @entity35 . One single dose of T4, equal to the daily production rate, brings about a normal response in @entity1375 @entity35 exposed to cold overnight. @entity1375 @entity35 recover their responsiveness to NE approximately 4 h after a receptor saturating dose of T3. On the other hand, such a dose of T3 induces a 3- to 4-fold increase in @entity5483 mRNA levels in @entity1375 @entity35 without the need of exogenous NE, and this response is not reduced by raising ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (28 C). However, the following evidence indicates that T3 requires adrenergic input to stimulate the accumulation of @entity5483 mRNA: first, euthyroid animals maintained at 28 C do not respond to such a treatment. Second, when T3 was injected to @entity1375 @entity35 with unilaterally denervated BAT, only the intact side responded to T3 with an elevation of the @entity5483 mRNA levels, but both sides remained responsive to T3 + NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Full expression of @entity5483 protein gene requires the concurrence of XXXX and triiodothyronine.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroid', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: We have examined the @entity5483 ( @entity5483 ) protein gene expression in euthyroid and @entity1375 @entity35 . @entity5483 mRNA levels were estimated by northern blot analysis of total RNA from brown adipose tissue (BAT). Stimuli were endogenous (cold) and exogenous @entity1063 (NE), @entity3044 , T3, and T4. While the euthyroid @entity35 @entity5483 mRNA levels increase 2- to 3-fold by 2 h after NE or overnight cold exposure, these stimuli and @entity3044 are ineffective in @entity1375 @entity35 . One single dose of T4, equal to the daily production rate, brings about a normal response in @entity1375 @entity35 exposed to cold overnight. @entity1375 @entity35 recover their responsiveness to NE approximately 4 h after a receptor saturating dose of T3. On the other hand, such a dose of T3 induces a 3- to 4-fold increase in @entity5483 mRNA levels in @entity1375 @entity35 without the need of exogenous NE, and this response is not reduced by raising ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (28 C). However, the following evidence indicates that T3 requires adrenergic input to stimulate the accumulation of @entity5483 mRNA: first, euthyroid animals maintained at 28 C do not respond to such a treatment. Second, when T3 was injected to @entity1375 @entity35 with unilaterally denervated BAT, only the intact side responded to T3 with an elevation of the @entity5483 mRNA levels, but both sides remained responsive to T3 + NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Full expression of XXXX protein gene requires the concurrence of @entity1063 and triiodothyronine.

answer: @entity5483 :: (24860(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['uncoupling']


abstract: The object of this study was to determine whether the immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin (CK)-positive cells is useful as quick section diagnosis, and whether the retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RLA) can be reduced by this method without any disadvantage for the @entity1 . The RLA represents a combined diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for staging as well as removal of regional lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 . The disadvantage of the radical RLA is a 40 to 90% loss of potency. The risk of the reduced RLA is the relapse. The metastatic affection of the first retroperitoneal lymph node station, the so-called "sentinale" lymph nodes, allows a judgement for the remaining lymph nodes, and, therefore, for the extent of the necessary operation. The conventional frozen technique has a limited reliability, whereas the paraffin technique needs too much time. We used the immunohistochemistry as alternative method for the rapid as well as reliable evaluation of @entity3 . A group (7 cases) of 35 @entity1 with @entity5 of the testis was only treated by radical RLA after detection of CK-positive cells in the sentinale lymph nodes. The other @entity1 were treated by modified RLA (20 cases) or reduced RLA (6 cases). The results were compared with a control group (48 cases) which was treated by radical RLA only. Using the modified RLA the relapse-free interval was not affected and the loss of ejaculation as a consequence of radical treatment could be avoided.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunohistological detection of lymph node XXXX in the testicular center as quick section diagnosis during retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-seminomatous tumors', 'malignant testis tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: 1. The influence of perfusion pressure on flow distribution in the left ventricular wall was investigated with a newly developed microsphere method in Langendorff preparations of the @entity35 heart. 2. Microspheres with a diameter of 10 microns stained with the fluorescent dye yellow-green were infused into the perfusion medium. The hearts were then relaxed with a @entity460 -chelator, fixed with @entity406 and cut transversally with a freezing microtome. Photographs were taken of the 52 microns slices with a fluorescence photomacroscope. The ventricular wall was subdivided into four zones, evaluated planimetrically and the beads were counted for calculation of microsphere density. 3. Perfusion of groups of hearts, paced at 5 Hz, with Tyrode's solution at pressures of 30, 50, 80 or 120 cm @entity2507 for 30 min revealed an increase of left ventricular pressure amplitude, coronary flow, myocardial @entity26 consumption and flow redistribution towards the endocardium of the left ventricular wall with increasing perfusion pressure. 4. The quotient of the sphere densities in the inner endocardium over that in the outer epicardium, however, was already maximal at a pressure of 80 cm @entity2507 and amounted to 1.59 +/- 0.15. This quotient was only 0.52 +/- 0.11 at a perfusion pressure of 30 cm @entity2507 , thus indicating massive change in flow distribution upon hypoperfusion. 5. These results indicate that transmural left ventricular flow redistribution in response to hypoperfusion in the isolated @entity35 heart is similar to that in hearts of much larger species.

title: Perfusion pressure and transmural flow distribution in the left ventricles of isolated XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A microanalysis of hunger-driven and palatability-driven feeding was carried out after @entity6341 -mediated inactivation of two frontal regions in @entity35 , the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Food and water intake, feeding microstructure, and general motor activity were measured under two motivational conditions: food-deprived @entity35 given standard chow or ad libitum-fed @entity35 given a palatable @entity6353 shake. @entity6341 infusions into the @entity550 diminished intake, total feeding duration, and average feeding bout duration for the palatable-food condition only but failed to alter exploratory-like behavior (ambulation or rearing). In contrast, intra-vmPFC @entity6341 infusions did not alter the overall intake of chow or @entity6353 shake. However, these infusions markedly increased mean feeding bout duration for both food types and produced a modest but significant reduction of exploratory-like behavior. The lengthening of feeding-bout duration and reduction in rearing were mimicked by intra-vmPFC blockade of @entity140 -type but not @entity3391 -type @entity3264 receptors. Neither water consumption nor the microstructure of water drinking was affected by inactivation of either site. These results indicate a regional heterogeneity in frontal control of feeding behavior. Neural processing in @entity550 supports palatability-driven feeding but is not necessary for intake of a standard food under a food-restriction condition, whereas ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and @entity140 signaling therein, modulates the duration of individual feeding bouts regardless of motivational context. Results are discussed in the context of regionally heterogeneous frontal modulation of two distinct components of feeding behavior: reward valuation based upon taste perception ( @entity550 ) vs switching between ingestive and non-ingestive (eg, exploratory-like) behavioral repertoires (vmPFC).

title: GABA-Mediated Inactivation of Medial Prefrontal and Agranular Insular Cortex in the XXXX : Contrasting Effects on Hunger- and Palatability-Driven Feeding.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscimol', 'muscimol']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['agranular/dysgranular insular cortex', 'AIC']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to find out if a compound injected into the spinal subarachnoid space, after having entered ventral and dorsal nerve roots, can be traced to the @entity1897 . This would indicate a centrifugal movement of substances from the cerebrospinal fluid along nerves; one route of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid which in the past has been widely discussed. In vivo studies were made using Evans blue-albumin and @entity7395 as tracers. Evans blue-albumin is macromolecular in size and emits a red fluorescence after exposure to ultraviolet light. @entity3740 ions are small and easily visible in the electron microscope. The tracers were injected into the cervical subarachnoid space and 15 min to 24 h later samples from roots, dorsal root @entity21 , proximal part of spinal nerves and the median nerves were taken and further processed for detection of tracers. Fluorescence microscopy from samples removed 15 min and 24 h after the injection of Evans blue-albumin showed a red fluorescence of low intensity in the endoneurium of nerve roots, @entity21 and proximal spinal nerve. After 24 h also the median nerve elicited some fluorescence. The sheaths around these structures were also fluorescent. @entity3740 was detected between cell layers of the nerve root sheath as well as inside the nerve root parenchyma. In about 50% of the samples from dorsal root @entity21 extracellular @entity3740 was found in the capsule. The tracer was also found in the epineurium of 50% of the spinal nerves and occasionally in the perineurium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Drainage of molecules from subarachnoid space to spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerve of the rat. A study based on Evans blue-albumin and XXXX as tracers.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['epineurial-perineurial sheaths and the endoneurium of peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity7395 :: ('MESH:C028521', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum chloride']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['Lanthanum', 'lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity3740 :: (MESH:D007811,Chemical) :: ['lanthanum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of childhood environment including exposure to infection via siblings and pets in @entity1744 ( @entity166 ) and @entity2210 is relatively unknown. We assessed proxy measures of microbial exposure in early childhood to assess if these are associated with @entity166 and functional @entity2210 in later life. METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  767, response rate  =  53%) were a random population sample from Sydney, Australia who previously responded to a validated survey. @entity166 and functional @entity2210 were defined using Rome III criteria. Early environmental risk factors assessed included type of birth delivery, premature birth, breastfeeding, bedroom sharing, and pet exposure (the latter two then combined as early hygiene factors) up to 5  years of age. Post infectious @entity166 ( @entity166 ) was assessed by development of @entity166 following @entity1902 . KEY RESULTS: In this sample, in adult life 17% developed @entity166 (of which 20% had @entity166 ) and 12% functional @entity2210 . Development of @entity166 was associated with childhood factors-a shorter duration of breastfeeding (odds ratios [OR]  =  0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97, p  =  0.01), sharing a bedroom (OR  =  1.89, 95% CI: 1.73-3.08, p  =  0.01), exposure to a herbivore pet (OR  =  1.65 (1.10, 2.48), p  =  0.02), and hygiene factors (OR  =  4.39; 95% CI: 1.89-10.21, p  =  0.001). The sole factor associated with functional @entity2210 was exposure to a herbivore pet (1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.87, p  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Childhood environment factors, particularly bedroom sharing and pet exposure, combined with subsequent risk of microbial exposure are a risk factor for @entity166 in later life. These associations however need confirmation to rule out any risk of a type I error.

title: Identification of early environmental risk factors for XXXX and @entity2210 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of childhood environment including exposure to infection via siblings and pets in @entity1744 ( @entity166 ) and @entity2210 is relatively unknown. We assessed proxy measures of microbial exposure in early childhood to assess if these are associated with @entity166 and functional @entity2210 in later life. METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  767, response rate  =  53%) were a random population sample from Sydney, Australia who previously responded to a validated survey. @entity166 and functional @entity2210 were defined using Rome III criteria. Early environmental risk factors assessed included type of birth delivery, premature birth, breastfeeding, bedroom sharing, and pet exposure (the latter two then combined as early hygiene factors) up to 5  years of age. Post infectious @entity166 ( @entity166 ) was assessed by development of @entity166 following @entity1902 . KEY RESULTS: In this sample, in adult life 17% developed @entity166 (of which 20% had @entity166 ) and 12% functional @entity2210 . Development of @entity166 was associated with childhood factors-a shorter duration of breastfeeding (odds ratios [OR]  =  0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97, p  =  0.01), sharing a bedroom (OR  =  1.89, 95% CI: 1.73-3.08, p  =  0.01), exposure to a herbivore pet (OR  =  1.65 (1.10, 2.48), p  =  0.02), and hygiene factors (OR  =  4.39; 95% CI: 1.89-10.21, p  =  0.001). The sole factor associated with functional @entity2210 was exposure to a herbivore pet (1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.87, p  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Childhood environment factors, particularly bedroom sharing and pet exposure, combined with subsequent risk of microbial exposure are a risk factor for @entity166 in later life. These associations however need confirmation to rule out any risk of a type I error.

title: Identification of early environmental risk factors for @entity1744 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: Pulmonary immaturity, @entity26 exposure that elicits cellular damage by free radicals, and @entity11283 induced by mechanical ventilation are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2107 . In the adult counterpart of adult @entity649 , @entity16 characterizes a histopathological sequence of lung findings that can occur during the disease course. Although adult @entity649 has many etiologies, elevated @entity26 exposure is known to be a contributor to the ensuing @entity651 . In @entity2107 , @entity26 exposure is thought to be a primary agent of injury. The evolution of the histopathological findings in the premature @entity3474 model of @entity8855 / @entity2107 was investigated in this study and compared to that in @entity26 -treated adult @entity6599 with adult @entity649 . Findings from lung specimens of 121 prematurely delivered @entity6599 at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3-6, 7-11+ days after delivery document that the premature lung has a delayed and more blunted exudative response when compared to that of @entity1 and @entity3474 adults. Saccular @entity4 , not hyaline membranes, is the dominant histopathological finding in the exudative phase of @entity16 and occurs later (7-11 days) in @entity1 lungs when compared to comparably treated adult lungs in which maximal exudative changes are seen at 3-6 days. The reparative response in the premature @entity3474 is characterized by saccular wall thickening and @entity82 , with less intramural organization of exudate in saccular/alveolar spaces when compared to adults. The airway changes in the premature are more severe than those seen in @entity66 . These findings indicate that @entity16 does occur in the immature lung albeit with differing characteristics when contrasted to comparably injured adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the evolution of @entity2107 in the @entity3474 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['adult disease']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Diffuse alveolar damage']


abstract: Pulmonary immaturity, @entity26 exposure that elicits cellular damage by free radicals, and @entity11283 induced by mechanical ventilation are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2107 . In the adult counterpart of adult @entity649 , @entity16 characterizes a histopathological sequence of lung findings that can occur during the disease course. Although adult @entity649 has many etiologies, elevated @entity26 exposure is known to be a contributor to the ensuing @entity651 . In @entity2107 , @entity26 exposure is thought to be a primary agent of injury. The evolution of the histopathological findings in the premature @entity3474 model of @entity8855 / @entity2107 was investigated in this study and compared to that in @entity26 -treated adult @entity6599 with adult @entity649 . Findings from lung specimens of 121 prematurely delivered @entity6599 at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3-6, 7-11+ days after delivery document that the premature lung has a delayed and more blunted exudative response when compared to that of @entity1 and @entity3474 adults. Saccular @entity4 , not hyaline membranes, is the dominant histopathological finding in the exudative phase of @entity16 and occurs later (7-11 days) in @entity1 lungs when compared to comparably treated adult lungs in which maximal exudative changes are seen at 3-6 days. The reparative response in the premature @entity3474 is characterized by saccular wall thickening and @entity82 , with less intramural organization of exudate in saccular/alveolar spaces when compared to adults. The airway changes in the premature are more severe than those seen in @entity66 . These findings indicate that @entity16 does occur in the immature lung albeit with differing characteristics when contrasted to comparably injured adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity16 in the evolution of @entity2107 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: Pulmonary immaturity, @entity26 exposure that elicits cellular damage by free radicals, and @entity11283 induced by mechanical ventilation are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2107 . In the adult counterpart of adult @entity649 , @entity16 characterizes a histopathological sequence of lung findings that can occur during the disease course. Although adult @entity649 has many etiologies, elevated @entity26 exposure is known to be a contributor to the ensuing @entity651 . In @entity2107 , @entity26 exposure is thought to be a primary agent of injury. The evolution of the histopathological findings in the premature @entity3474 model of @entity8855 / @entity2107 was investigated in this study and compared to that in @entity26 -treated adult @entity6599 with adult @entity649 . Findings from lung specimens of 121 prematurely delivered @entity6599 at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3-6, 7-11+ days after delivery document that the premature lung has a delayed and more blunted exudative response when compared to that of @entity1 and @entity3474 adults. Saccular @entity4 , not hyaline membranes, is the dominant histopathological finding in the exudative phase of @entity16 and occurs later (7-11 days) in @entity1 lungs when compared to comparably treated adult lungs in which maximal exudative changes are seen at 3-6 days. The reparative response in the premature @entity3474 is characterized by saccular wall thickening and @entity82 , with less intramural organization of exudate in saccular/alveolar spaces when compared to adults. The airway changes in the premature are more severe than those seen in @entity66 . These findings indicate that @entity16 does occur in the immature lung albeit with differing characteristics when contrasted to comparably injured adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity16 in the evolution of XXXX in the @entity3474 .

answer: @entity2107 :: (MESH:D001997,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']


abstract: Repeatable head immobilization is important for minimizing positioning error during radiation therapy for veterinary @entity1 with @entity135 . The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe a novel technique for head immobilization (Device II) and compare this technique with a previously described technique (Device I). Device II provided additional support by incorporating three teeth (vs. two teeth with Device I). Between 2011 and 2013, both devices were applied in clinically affected @entity468 (Device I, n = 17; Device II, n = 11) and @entity235 (Device I, n = 85; Device II, n = 22) of various breeds and sizes. The following data were recorded for each included @entity1 : variability in the angle of the skull (roll, yaw, and pitch), coordinates of the isocenter, and distance from the reference mark to the @entity5 . Devices I and II differed for skull angle variability during the treatment of @entity235 (roll, P = 0.0007; yaw, P = 0.0018; pitch, P = 0.0384) and for yaw of during the treatment of @entity468 (P < 0.0001). In each case, Device II was superior to Device I. The distance from the reference mark to the center of the @entity5 was significantly decreased for Device II vs. Device I ( @entity235 , P < 0.0001; @entity468 , P = 0.0002). Device II also provided more accurate coordinates for the isocenter. Authors recommend the use of, Device II for future clinical @entity1 .

title: A NOVEL SUPPORT DEVICE FOR HEAD IMMOBILIZATION DURING RADIATION THERAPY THAT IS APPLICABLE TO BOTH XXXX AND @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head neoplasms']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['CATS']


abstract: Repeatable head immobilization is important for minimizing positioning error during radiation therapy for veterinary @entity1 with @entity135 . The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe a novel technique for head immobilization (Device II) and compare this technique with a previously described technique (Device I). Device II provided additional support by incorporating three teeth (vs. two teeth with Device I). Between 2011 and 2013, both devices were applied in clinically affected @entity468 (Device I, n = 17; Device II, n = 11) and @entity235 (Device I, n = 85; Device II, n = 22) of various breeds and sizes. The following data were recorded for each included @entity1 : variability in the angle of the skull (roll, yaw, and pitch), coordinates of the isocenter, and distance from the reference mark to the @entity5 . Devices I and II differed for skull angle variability during the treatment of @entity235 (roll, P = 0.0007; yaw, P = 0.0018; pitch, P = 0.0384) and for yaw of during the treatment of @entity468 (P < 0.0001). In each case, Device II was superior to Device I. The distance from the reference mark to the center of the @entity5 was significantly decreased for Device II vs. Device I ( @entity235 , P < 0.0001; @entity468 , P = 0.0002). Device II also provided more accurate coordinates for the isocenter. Authors recommend the use of, Device II for future clinical @entity1 .

title: A NOVEL SUPPORT DEVICE FOR HEAD IMMOBILIZATION DURING RADIATION THERAPY THAT IS APPLICABLE TO BOTH @entity468 AND XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['DOGS']


abstract: Marburg @entity778 is a lethal @entity7593 for which no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available. Development of appropriate medical countermeasures requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between the host and the pathogen and the resulting disease course. In this study, 15 @entity2608 were sequentially sacrificed following aerosol exposure to the @entity37237 , with longitudinal changes in physiology, immunology, and histopathology used to assess disease progression. Immunohistochemical evidence of @entity281 and resulting histopathological changes were identified as early as day 3 postexposure (p.e.). The appearance of fever in infected animals coincided with the detection of serum @entity646 and plasma viral genomes on day 4 p.e. High (>10(7) PFU/ml) viral loads were detected in all major organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, etc.) beginning day 6 p.e. Clinical pathology findings @entity1003 , @entity491 , and profound liver destruction as indicated by elevated liver transaminases, @entity2629 , and @entity4988 . Altered cytokine expression in response to @entity281 included early increases in Th2 cytokines such as @entity57330 ( @entity57330 ) and @entity73252 and late-stage increases in Th1 cytokines such as @entity36224 , @entity51338 , and @entity54773 ( @entity54773 ). This study provides a longitudinal examination of clinical disease of aerosol MARV @entity281 in the @entity2608 model. IMPORTANCE: In this study, we carefully analyzed the timeline of Marburg virus @entity281 in nonhuman primates in order to provide a well-characterized model of disease progression following aerosol exposure.

title: Temporal Characterization of Marburg XXXX following Aerosol Challenge in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus (MARV) infection']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity37237 :: ('MESH:D008379', 'Disease') :: ['MARV variant Angola']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity54773 :: ('574371(Tax:9544)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['included coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Angola infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaque', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Virus Angola Infection']


abstract: Marburg @entity778 is a lethal @entity7593 for which no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available. Development of appropriate medical countermeasures requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between the host and the pathogen and the resulting disease course. In this study, 15 @entity2608 were sequentially sacrificed following aerosol exposure to the @entity37237 , with longitudinal changes in physiology, immunology, and histopathology used to assess disease progression. Immunohistochemical evidence of @entity281 and resulting histopathological changes were identified as early as day 3 postexposure (p.e.). The appearance of fever in infected animals coincided with the detection of serum @entity646 and plasma viral genomes on day 4 p.e. High (>10(7) PFU/ml) viral loads were detected in all major organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, etc.) beginning day 6 p.e. Clinical pathology findings @entity1003 , @entity491 , and profound liver destruction as indicated by elevated liver transaminases, @entity2629 , and @entity4988 . Altered cytokine expression in response to @entity281 included early increases in Th2 cytokines such as @entity57330 ( @entity57330 ) and @entity73252 and late-stage increases in Th1 cytokines such as @entity36224 , @entity51338 , and @entity54773 ( @entity54773 ). This study provides a longitudinal examination of clinical disease of aerosol MARV @entity281 in the @entity2608 model. IMPORTANCE: In this study, we carefully analyzed the timeline of Marburg virus @entity281 in nonhuman primates in order to provide a well-characterized model of disease progression following aerosol exposure.

title: Temporal Characterization of Marburg @entity778 following Aerosol Challenge in XXXX .

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Rhesus Macaques']