abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few effective treatments for recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). We present a @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 who achieved a prolonged response to treatment with @entity12379 , an irreversible @entity470 family blocker, plus @entity2903 . A 58-year-old female @entity1 was diagnosed with multifocal primary @entity463 . After surgical resection, first-line therapy comprised radiotherapy and @entity2903 . Following disease progression after 3 @entity2903 cycles, the @entity1 entered a phase I/II clinical trial of @entity12379 (20-40 mg daily for 28 days) plus @entity2903 (50 mg/m2 every 21/28 days). Next-generation sequencing analysis of the @entity1313 specimen was performed. At the last assessment, 63 treatment cycles had been completed and the @entity1 had survived for ~5 years since recurrence. Significant disease regression was observed after 5 cycles and was maintained during long-term follow-up. Adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of @entity12379 and were managed by treatment interruption/dose reduction. The @entity1 had several @entity470 ( @entity470 ) aberrations, including gene amplification and EGFRvIII positivity. Three somatic mutations were identified, including an unprecedented extracellular-domain substitution ( @entity71602 ). The @entity1 has survived ~6-fold longer than normally expected in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . The complex @entity470 genotype may underlie sustained response to @entity12379 plus @entity2903 .

title: @entity12379 , an irreversible @entity470 family blocker, with protracted @entity2903 in recurrent XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective nonelastic @entity71603 -based tourniquets are typically pulled tight and friction or hook-and-loop secured before engaging a mechanical advantage system to reach @entity432 . This study examined the effects of skin surface initial secured pressure (Friction Pressure) on the skin surface pressure applied at @entity432 (Occlusion Pressure) and on the use of the mechanical advantage system. METHODS: Combat Application Tourniquets   ( @entity468 ; combattourniquet.com) and Tactical Ratcheting Medical Tourniquets (RMTs; www .ratchetingbuckles.com) were applied to 12 recipient thighs with starting Friction Pressures of 25 (RMT only), 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 (CAT only), and 200mmHg (CAT only). The CAT @entity71603 was single threaded. Pressure was measured with an air-filled, size #1, neonatal blood pressure cuff under the Base (CAT), Ladder (RMT), and @entity71603 (CAT and RMT) of each 3.8cm-wide tourniquet. RESULTS: Base or Ladder pressure and @entity71603 pressure were related but increasingly different at increasing pressures, with @entity71603 pressures being lower (Friction Pressure, r > 0.91; Occlusion Pressure, r > 0.60). Friction Pressure did not affect Occlusion Pressure for either design. Across the 12 thighs, the correlation coefficient for @entity71603 Friction Pressure versus CAT windlass turns was r = -0.91    0.04, and versus RMT ladder distance traveled was r = -0.94    0.06. Friction Pressures of 150mmHg or greater were required to achieve @entity432 with two or fewer windlass turns. CAT and RMT @entity71603 Occlusion Pressures were similar on each recipient (median, minimum - maximum; CAT: 318mmHg, 260 - 536mmHg; RMT: 328mmHg, 160 - 472mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Achieving high initial @entity71603 tension is desirable to minimize windlass turns or ratcheting buckle travel distance required to reach @entity432 , but does not affect tourniquet surface-applied pressure needed for @entity432 . For same-width, nonelastic @entity71603 -based tourniquets, differences in the mechanical advantage system may be unimportant to final tourniquet-applied pressure needed for @entity432 .

title: Initial tourniquet pressure does not affect tourniquet XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['CAT Occlusion', 'arterial occlusion pressure', 'arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusion pressure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood flow restricted (BFR) training, the brief and partial restriction of venous outflow of an extremity during low load resistance exercises, is a safe and effective method of improving strength in healthy, active individuals. A relatively unexplored potential of this adjunctive modality lies in treating @entity1 with severe @entity85 , persistent chronic @entity121 and hamstring @entity425 despite traditional therapy, and low improvement during early postoperative strengthening. METHODS: This case series describes @entity1 with chronic @entity121 and hamstring @entity425 who received an intervention of BFR at low loads, 20% of 1 repetition max (1RM), to restore strength. A case series was conducted of seven @entity1 , all located at one hospital and all with traumatic lower extremity injuries. The seven @entity1 were treated at the same medical center and with the same BFR protocol. All seven @entity1 had isokinetic dynamometer testing that showed persistent thigh @entity425 despite previous rehabilitation with traditional therapy and 35% to 75% peak torque deficit in either knee extension or flexion compared with the contralateral lower extremity. @entity1 underwent 2 weeks of BFR training therapy using a pneumatic tourniquet set at 110mmHg while performing leg extensions, leg presses, and reverse leg presses. All affected extremities were retested after 2 weeks (six treatment sessions). Dynamometer measurements were done with flexion and extension at two speeds: 90   and 300  /sec. The data recorded included peak torque normalized for body weight, average power, and total work. RESULTS: All seven @entity1 demonstrated improvements in peak torque, average power, and total work for both knee flexion and extension, with power being the most improved overall. Peak torque improved an average of 13% to 37%, depending on contraction direction and speed. Average power improved an average of 42% to 81%, and total work improved an average of 35% to 55%. CONCLUSION: BFR therapy at low loads can affect improvement in muscle strength in @entity1 who are unable to perform high-resistance exercise or @entity1 who have persistent extremity @entity425 despite traditional therapy.

title: Blood flow restriction rehabilitation for extremity XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal trauma']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness', 'weakness']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['weakness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stent graft therapy has emerged as an alternative to open surgery in the management of chronic dissection-related @entity439 (DRAD) in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA). The incidence of perioperative complications, need for secondary aortic intervention (SAI), and rate of @entity715 have not been thoroughly described. METHODS: Perioperative and midterm outcomes in @entity1 who underwent stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA at a single institution between January 2006 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative anatomic factors, including the number of visceral and renal side branches off the false lumen, and false lumen volume, were analyzed for their ability to predict treatment failure. Treatment failure was defined as death, need for a SAI, and failure to achieve @entity715 of the DRAD DTA. Treatment success was defined as @entity715 of the false lumen in the area of the DRAD DTA with stability or a decrease in the maximum diameter of the DRAD DTA. RESULTS: During the study period, 47 @entity1 underwent stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA. @entity1 were a mean age of 58.3     11.7  years, 74.5% (n  = 35) were male, and 14.9% (n  = 7) had a history of connective tissue disease. The left subclavian artery was covered in 48.9% (n  = 23), and revascularization was performed in 87.0% (n  = 20). Spinal drains were used in 74.5% (n  = 35). @entity2759 developed in 6.4% (n  = 3), which resolved in two and improved in one. No retrograde @entity1580 occurred. The 30-day mortality was 4.3% (n  = 2); one death was in a @entity1 with @entity397 . Mean clinical follow-up was 35.1     20.9  months. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 89%     5%. Treatment failure occurred in 18 @entity1 (38.3%): 9 required SAIs, 6 did not have @entity715 of the false lumen in the area of the DRAD DTA, and 4 died, with 1 @entity1 dying during a SAI. No preoperative anatomic factor predicted treatment failure. The 5-year freedom from treatment failure was 54%     9%. Including the nine @entity1 who underwent SAI, treatment success was achieved in 85.2% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center experience of stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA, treatment success was achieved in 85% of @entity1 after a SAI rate of 20%. No preoperative anatomic factor predicted treatment failure, which occurred in almost 40% of the @entity1 . Identifying predictors of treatment failure may improve future outcomes.

title: Outcomes after stent graft therapy for dissection-related XXXX in the descending thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal false-lumen thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal degeneration']


abstract: @entity3459 ( @entity5630 ) is a rare autosomal, @entity74 related to a variety of mutations or polymorphisms throughout the factor VII (FVII) gene (F7). The aims of this study were to characterize the molecular defect of the F7 gene in four unrelated @entity1 with @entity5630 and to find the genotype-phenotype correlation. All nine exons, exon-intron boundaries, and 5' and 3'-untranslated regions of the F7 gene were amplified by PCR and the purified PCR products were sequenced directly. Suspected mutations were confirmed by another PCR and sequencing of the opposite strand. Family studies were also performed. A total of five unique lesions were identified, including three missense mutations ( @entity71604 , @entity71605 , @entity71606 , predicting @entity71607 , @entity18211 and @entity71608 substitution, respectively) and two splice junction mutations ( @entity55247 , @entity71609 ), among which two ( @entity18211 , @entity71608 ) were novel. A previously reported mutation @entity71607 was seen in the homozygous state in two unrelated @entity1 . The other two cases were both compound heterozygotes of a missense mutation and a splicing site mutation. Multiple sequence alignment using DNAMAN analysis showed that all the missense mutations were found in residues that highly conserved across species and vitamin K-dependent serine proteases. Online software Polyphen and SIFT were used to confirm the pathogenic of the missense mutation. @entity71607 seems to be a hotspot of the F7 gene in ethnic Han Chinese population.

title: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of four XXXX @entity1 from central China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity71607 :: ('p|SUB|Y|128|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Tyr128Cys']

entities_list: @entity18211 :: ('p|SUB|E|280|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Glu280Ala']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary coagulation factor VII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity71608 :: ('p|SUB|F|388|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Phe388Cys']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive inherited hemorrhagic disorder']

answer: @entity5630 :: (MESH:D005168,Disease) :: ['factor VII deficiency']


abstract: @entity3459 ( @entity5630 ) is a rare autosomal, @entity74 related to a variety of mutations or polymorphisms throughout the factor VII (FVII) gene (F7). The aims of this study were to characterize the molecular defect of the F7 gene in four unrelated @entity1 with @entity5630 and to find the genotype-phenotype correlation. All nine exons, exon-intron boundaries, and 5' and 3'-untranslated regions of the F7 gene were amplified by PCR and the purified PCR products were sequenced directly. Suspected mutations were confirmed by another PCR and sequencing of the opposite strand. Family studies were also performed. A total of five unique lesions were identified, including three missense mutations ( @entity71604 , @entity71605 , @entity71606 , predicting @entity71607 , @entity18211 and @entity71608 substitution, respectively) and two splice junction mutations ( @entity55247 , @entity71609 ), among which two ( @entity18211 , @entity71608 ) were novel. A previously reported mutation @entity71607 was seen in the homozygous state in two unrelated @entity1 . The other two cases were both compound heterozygotes of a missense mutation and a splicing site mutation. Multiple sequence alignment using DNAMAN analysis showed that all the missense mutations were found in residues that highly conserved across species and vitamin K-dependent serine proteases. Online software Polyphen and SIFT were used to confirm the pathogenic of the missense mutation. @entity71607 seems to be a hotspot of the F7 gene in ethnic Han Chinese population.

title: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of four @entity5630 XXXX from central China.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) results from the accumulation of @entity74 contributing to the progression from @entity1373 to @entity1204 . Information on these various genetic changes has been primarily derived from studying groups of either @entity1373 or @entity5 .We evaluated both @entity5072 and @entity1204 tissue obtained from the same surgical specimens for @entity984 mutations, @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and mismatch repair gene methylation, and results were correlated between the paired @entity5072 tissue and @entity1204 . The aim was to determine if molecular alterations appearing in ECs might also be present in the premalignant ( @entity5072 ) region of the @entity5 . METHODS: One hundred ninety-seven cases of @entity1204 with associated @entity1373 were evaluated. DNA samples were studied using primer sets for @entity984 gene codons 12/13 and for @entity124 utilizing the Bethesda panel. Methylation testing was performed on specimens that were microsatellite unstable using the MRC Holland SALSA MS-MLPA methylation-specific DNA detection kit. RESULTS: Forty-one (20.8%) of 197 @entity5 demonstrated a @entity984 mutation, with 35 (85.4%) of 41 accompanying @entity1373 also containing a @entity984 mutation. Forty-five @entity5 (22.8%) were microsatellite unstable, with 38 (84.4%) of 45 accompanying @entity1373 also demonstrating instability. Of the 45 microsatellite unstable @entity5 , 28 (62.2%) demonstrated methylation in both the @entity5 and the accompanying @entity1373 , whereas 9 pairs (20%) showed no methylation for either the @entity5 or @entity1373 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 95% of endometrial specimens demonstrated identical molecular findings regarding @entity984 mutation and microsatellite stability in the paired @entity5 and @entity5072 tissue. The same methylation pattern was found in 82.2% of the studied paired samples. Our findings strongly suggest that the molecular changes of @entity984 mutation, @entity124 , and methylation occur early in the @entity5 . We propose that endometrial biopsies revealing @entity1373 should be studied for these molecular alterations as an indicator of possible early @entity105 .

title: Strong Correlation Between Molecular Changes in @entity1204 and Concomitant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'only hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['numerous genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['Hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) results from the accumulation of @entity74 contributing to the progression from @entity1373 to @entity1204 . Information on these various genetic changes has been primarily derived from studying groups of either @entity1373 or @entity5 .We evaluated both @entity5072 and @entity1204 tissue obtained from the same surgical specimens for @entity984 mutations, @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and mismatch repair gene methylation, and results were correlated between the paired @entity5072 tissue and @entity1204 . The aim was to determine if molecular alterations appearing in ECs might also be present in the premalignant ( @entity5072 ) region of the @entity5 . METHODS: One hundred ninety-seven cases of @entity1204 with associated @entity1373 were evaluated. DNA samples were studied using primer sets for @entity984 gene codons 12/13 and for @entity124 utilizing the Bethesda panel. Methylation testing was performed on specimens that were microsatellite unstable using the MRC Holland SALSA MS-MLPA methylation-specific DNA detection kit. RESULTS: Forty-one (20.8%) of 197 @entity5 demonstrated a @entity984 mutation, with 35 (85.4%) of 41 accompanying @entity1373 also containing a @entity984 mutation. Forty-five @entity5 (22.8%) were microsatellite unstable, with 38 (84.4%) of 45 accompanying @entity1373 also demonstrating instability. Of the 45 microsatellite unstable @entity5 , 28 (62.2%) demonstrated methylation in both the @entity5 and the accompanying @entity1373 , whereas 9 pairs (20%) showed no methylation for either the @entity5 or @entity1373 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 95% of endometrial specimens demonstrated identical molecular findings regarding @entity984 mutation and microsatellite stability in the paired @entity5 and @entity5072 tissue. The same methylation pattern was found in 82.2% of the studied paired samples. Our findings strongly suggest that the molecular changes of @entity984 mutation, @entity124 , and methylation occur early in the @entity5 . We propose that endometrial biopsies revealing @entity1373 should be studied for these molecular alterations as an indicator of possible early @entity105 .

title: Strong Correlation Between Molecular Changes in XXXX and Concomitant @entity1373 .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine pulmonary function testing has been recommended as part of the emergency department management of acute @entity565 despite the lack of evidence demonstrating the necessity for these measurements. The purpose of this study was to assess the physician's ability to estimate pulmonary function in @entity1 with acute @entity565 and to determine the effect that pulmonary function testing has on @entity1 management. METHODS: Emergency medicine physicians estimated pulmonary function in adult @entity748 @entity1 prior to spirometry. The estimations and spirometry were repeated after 1 hour and again at discharge. The physicians noted their treatment plan before and after receiving the results of pulmonary function testing. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 were enrolled in the study. There was only moderate correlation between pretreatment estimates of pulmonary function and the actual value (r = .41). On average, physicians underestimated the degree of pretreatment @entity1224 (as percentage of predicted normal value) by 8.1 +/- 16.0 percentage points. Knowledge of the pulmonary function test results changed management in 20.4% of @entity1 . The most common change was an alteration in the decision to continue treatment after 3 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians tend to underestimate the degree of @entity1224 in acute @entity565 , particularly on initial assessment. Since the availability of pulmonary function tests changes management in a significant number of @entity1 , routine pulmonary function testing is recommended as part of the assessment and monitoring of acute @entity565 .

title: Effect of pulmonary function testing on the management of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common causes of @entity409 . Gene expression analysis may be a useful tool for understanding @entity924 and the failure of cuff healing, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become an effective method for such studies. However, this technique requires the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization. Here, we evaluate the suitability of six reference genes (18S, @entity14875 , @entity2262 , @entity7501 , @entity9996 and @entity11567 ) using samples from the rotator cuff tendons of 28 individuals with @entity924 (3 tendons regions) and 8 controls (2 tendon regions); for the tear @entity1 , we evaluated ruptured and non-ruptured tendon samples. The stability of the candidate reference genes was determined using the NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper and DataAssist software packages. Overall, @entity9996 was the best single reference gene, and @entity9996 + @entity11567 composed the best pair and @entity9996 + @entity11567 + @entity14875 composed the best trio of reference genes from the analysis of different groups, including the simultaneous analysis of all tissue samples. To identify the optimal combination of reference genes, we evaluated the expression of @entity13239 and @entity1414 , and no obvious differences were observed when using 2, 3 or 4 reference genes for most of the analyses. However, @entity1414 expression differed between ruptured and non-ruptured (posterior superior region) tendons of @entity1 only when normalized by @entity9996 + @entity11567 + @entity2262 and @entity9996 + @entity11567 . On the other hand, the comparison between these two groups using the best trio of reference genes ( @entity9996 + @entity11567 + @entity14875 ) and 4 reference genes did not revealed a significant difference in @entity1414 expression. Consequently, the use of suitable reference genes for a reliable gene expression evaluation by RT-qPCR should consider the type of tendon samples investigated. @entity9996 + @entity11567 + @entity14875 seems to be the best combination of reference genes for the analysis of involving different tendon samples of individuals with rotator cuff tears.

title: Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Tendons from XXXX with Rotator Cuff Tear.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon tears']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide and liver resection is the only potential curative treatment option for those @entity1 . @entity260 specific to elderly surgical @entity1 such as @entity933 will be increasingly relevant in the coming decades. Herein, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for @entity260 in @entity1 who have received hepatectomy for @entity157 . METHODS: This is a single medical center observational study and the study subjects comprised 401 individuals who underwent liver resection for @entity157 during January 2009 to October 2013. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether preoperative, intra-operative, or postoperative variables were associated with the development of @entity933 . RESULTS: Of the 401 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy, 34 developed @entity260 (8.4%). In the majority of those @entity1 , symptoms and signs of the syndrome occurred on postoperative day 2 and the mean duration of symptoms was 3.61    3.71 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (>71 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.133, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.071-1.200, p<0.001], prolonged operative time (>190 minutes) (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.000-1.017, p = 0.038), a decreased postoperative hemoglobin level (< 10.16 g/dL) (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.613-0.983, p = 0.036), and history of hypnotic drug use (OR = 3.074, 95% CI: 1.045-9.039, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors for the development of @entity260 after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism of @entity260 is not well understood, numbers of studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity260 tend to have prolonged hospital stay, worse postoperative outcome and an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality. In this study, we found that advanced age, prolonged operative time, postoperative low hemoglobin level and history of hypnotic drug use are independent risk factors for @entity260 .

title: Low Hemoglobin Level Is Associated with the Development of @entity933 after Hepatectomy for XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide and liver resection is the only potential curative treatment option for those @entity1 . @entity260 specific to elderly surgical @entity1 such as @entity933 will be increasingly relevant in the coming decades. Herein, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for @entity260 in @entity1 who have received hepatectomy for @entity157 . METHODS: This is a single medical center observational study and the study subjects comprised 401 individuals who underwent liver resection for @entity157 during January 2009 to October 2013. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether preoperative, intra-operative, or postoperative variables were associated with the development of @entity933 . RESULTS: Of the 401 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy, 34 developed @entity260 (8.4%). In the majority of those @entity1 , symptoms and signs of the syndrome occurred on postoperative day 2 and the mean duration of symptoms was 3.61    3.71 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (>71 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.133, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.071-1.200, p<0.001], prolonged operative time (>190 minutes) (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.000-1.017, p = 0.038), a decreased postoperative hemoglobin level (< 10.16 g/dL) (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.613-0.983, p = 0.036), and history of hypnotic drug use (OR = 3.074, 95% CI: 1.045-9.039, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors for the development of @entity260 after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism of @entity260 is not well understood, numbers of studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity260 tend to have prolonged hospital stay, worse postoperative outcome and an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality. In this study, we found that advanced age, prolonged operative time, postoperative low hemoglobin level and history of hypnotic drug use are independent risk factors for @entity260 .

title: Low Hemoglobin Level Is Associated with the Development of XXXX after Hepatectomy for @entity157 @entity1 .

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['Delirium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide and liver resection is the only potential curative treatment option for those @entity1 . @entity260 specific to elderly surgical @entity1 such as @entity933 will be increasingly relevant in the coming decades. Herein, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for @entity260 in @entity1 who have received hepatectomy for @entity157 . METHODS: This is a single medical center observational study and the study subjects comprised 401 individuals who underwent liver resection for @entity157 during January 2009 to October 2013. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether preoperative, intra-operative, or postoperative variables were associated with the development of @entity933 . RESULTS: Of the 401 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy, 34 developed @entity260 (8.4%). In the majority of those @entity1 , symptoms and signs of the syndrome occurred on postoperative day 2 and the mean duration of symptoms was 3.61    3.71 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (>71 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.133, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.071-1.200, p<0.001], prolonged operative time (>190 minutes) (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.000-1.017, p = 0.038), a decreased postoperative hemoglobin level (< 10.16 g/dL) (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.613-0.983, p = 0.036), and history of hypnotic drug use (OR = 3.074, 95% CI: 1.045-9.039, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors for the development of @entity260 after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism of @entity260 is not well understood, numbers of studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity260 tend to have prolonged hospital stay, worse postoperative outcome and an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality. In this study, we found that advanced age, prolonged operative time, postoperative low hemoglobin level and history of hypnotic drug use are independent risk factors for @entity260 .

title: Low Hemoglobin Level Is Associated with the Development of @entity933 after Hepatectomy for @entity157 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of microvascular invasion in @entity263 and its correlation with other prognostic factors. DESIGN: Evaluation of the frequency and extent of microvascular invasion by routine light microscopy in 210 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies with @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity3 was identified in 111 (53%) of 210 specimens. Focal microvascular invasion (involvement of fewer than three high-power fields) was present in 42 cases (20%); extensive microvascular invasion (involvement of three or more high-power fields) was present in 69 cases (33%). Capsular perforation was present in 43% and 62% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Seminal vesical involvement was observed in 23% and 47% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Lymph node @entity3 were only observed in cases with microvascular invasion and were present in 7% and 23% of cases with focal and extensive invasion, respectively. There was also a strong positive correlation of microvascular invasion with surgical margin status, Gleason score, and @entity5 volume. Tumors ranged in volume from 0.14 cc to 47.25 cc (mean, 9.09 cc), and the volume in cases without microvascular invasion was lower than in those with invasion (mean, 5.4 cc and 12.7 cc, respectively); also, the volume in cases with focal invasion was lower than in those with extensive invasion (mean, 9.4 cc and 16.1 cc, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 in @entity263 correlates positively with virtually all measures of pathologic stage. Its presence should be reported in all prostate specimens according to the @entity5 Committee of the College of Americans Pathologists.

title: @entity3 in XXXX correlates with pathologic stage.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Microvascular invasion']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of microvascular invasion in @entity263 and its correlation with other prognostic factors. DESIGN: Evaluation of the frequency and extent of microvascular invasion by routine light microscopy in 210 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies with @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity3 was identified in 111 (53%) of 210 specimens. Focal microvascular invasion (involvement of fewer than three high-power fields) was present in 42 cases (20%); extensive microvascular invasion (involvement of three or more high-power fields) was present in 69 cases (33%). Capsular perforation was present in 43% and 62% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Seminal vesical involvement was observed in 23% and 47% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Lymph node @entity3 were only observed in cases with microvascular invasion and were present in 7% and 23% of cases with focal and extensive invasion, respectively. There was also a strong positive correlation of microvascular invasion with surgical margin status, Gleason score, and @entity5 volume. Tumors ranged in volume from 0.14 cc to 47.25 cc (mean, 9.09 cc), and the volume in cases without microvascular invasion was lower than in those with invasion (mean, 5.4 cc and 12.7 cc, respectively); also, the volume in cases with focal invasion was lower than in those with extensive invasion (mean, 9.4 cc and 16.1 cc, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 in @entity263 correlates positively with virtually all measures of pathologic stage. Its presence should be reported in all prostate specimens according to the @entity5 Committee of the College of Americans Pathologists.

title: XXXX in @entity263 correlates with pathologic stage.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Microvascular invasion']


abstract: Background. Serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP) is commonly elevated in @entity421 @entity1 . A number of studies have investigated the prognostic role of SALP level in @entity1 with @entity421 but yielded inconsistent results. Method. Systematic computerized searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant original articles. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the prognostic value of SALP level. Results. Finally, 21 studies comprising 3228 @entity1 were included. Overall, the pooled HRs of SALP suggested that elevated level had an unfavorable impact on @entity421 @entity1 ' @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.61-2.06; p < 0.001) and event-free survival (EFS) (HR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.61-2.42; p < 0.001). Combined RRs of SALP indicated that elevated level was associated with presence of @entity3 at diagnosis (RR = 5.55; 95% CI: 1.61-9.49; p = 0.006). No significantly different results were obtained after stratified by variables of age range, @entity5 stage, sample size, and geographic region. Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrated that high SALP level is significantly associated with poor @entity1349 or EFS rate and presence of @entity3 at diagnosis. SALP level is a convenient and effective biomarker of prognosis for @entity421 .

title: Prognostic Significance of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level in XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Published Data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the role of planned relaparotomy (PR) in the treatment of intraperitoneal infection, compared with that of relaparotomy on demand (RD). DESIGN: Case-control study on the basis of a prospective multicenter cohort analytic study. Statistical evaluation was done by the McNemar test for qualitative data and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for qualitative data. SETTING: Eighteen hospitals of different care levels in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. @entity1 : Thirty-eight of 42 @entity1 with @entity1320 who underwent PR were matched for APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score, age, cause of infection, site of origin of @entity298 , and the ability of the surgeon to securely eliminate the source of infection with 38 @entity1 taken from a cohort of 278 undergoing RD. INTERVENTIONS: Planned relaparotomy was defined as at least one relaparotomy decided on at the time of the first surgical intervention; RD, relaparotomy indicated by clinical findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality and incidence of postoperative @entity881 and @entity166 . RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mortality between @entity1 treated with PR (21%) or RD (13%). Postoperative @entity881 as defined by a Goris score of more than 5 was more frequent in the group of @entity1 undergoing PR (50%), compared with the group undergoing RD (24%) (P = .01), as were @entity166 (68% vs 39% [P = .01]). @entity166 were due to more frequent suture leaks (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), recurrent @entity1320 (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), and septecemia (45% vs 18% [P = .05]) in the PR vs the RD groups. The incidence of other complications was not different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Until larger prospective studies are available, the indication for PR should be evaluated with caution.

title: Planned relaparotomy vs relaparotomy on demand in the treatment of XXXX . The @entity298 Study Group of the Surgical Infection Society-Europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis', 'intra-abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications', 'Infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the role of planned relaparotomy (PR) in the treatment of intraperitoneal infection, compared with that of relaparotomy on demand (RD). DESIGN: Case-control study on the basis of a prospective multicenter cohort analytic study. Statistical evaluation was done by the McNemar test for qualitative data and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for qualitative data. SETTING: Eighteen hospitals of different care levels in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. @entity1 : Thirty-eight of 42 @entity1 with @entity1320 who underwent PR were matched for APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score, age, cause of infection, site of origin of @entity298 , and the ability of the surgeon to securely eliminate the source of infection with 38 @entity1 taken from a cohort of 278 undergoing RD. INTERVENTIONS: Planned relaparotomy was defined as at least one relaparotomy decided on at the time of the first surgical intervention; RD, relaparotomy indicated by clinical findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality and incidence of postoperative @entity881 and @entity166 . RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mortality between @entity1 treated with PR (21%) or RD (13%). Postoperative @entity881 as defined by a Goris score of more than 5 was more frequent in the group of @entity1 undergoing PR (50%), compared with the group undergoing RD (24%) (P = .01), as were @entity166 (68% vs 39% [P = .01]). @entity166 were due to more frequent suture leaks (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), recurrent @entity1320 (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), and septecemia (45% vs 18% [P = .05]) in the PR vs the RD groups. The incidence of other complications was not different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Until larger prospective studies are available, the indication for PR should be evaluated with caution.

title: Planned relaparotomy vs relaparotomy on demand in the treatment of @entity1320 . The XXXX Study Group of the Surgical Infection Society-Europe.

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Peritonitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) therapy is currently accepted as a treatment strategy for type 1 @entity6 . Transition from @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ; including basal-bolus regimens) to CSII is based on expectations of better metabolic control and fewer hypoglycaemic events. Evidence to date has not been always conclusive. Areas covered: Evidence for CSII and @entity2794 in terms of glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and psychosocial outcomes is reviewed in the adult and paediatric population with type 1 @entity6 . Findings from studies on threshold-based @entity2690 pump suspension and predictive low @entity413 management (PLGM) are outlined. Limitations of current CSII application and future technological developments are discussed. Expert opinion: Glycaemic control and quality of life (QOL) may be improved by CSII compared to @entity2794 depending on baseline HbA1c and hypoglycaemia rates. Future studies are expected to provide evidence on clinical and cost effectiveness in those who will benefit the most. Training, structured education and support are important to benefit from CSII. Novel technological approaches linking continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) and CSII may help mitigate against frequent hypoglycaemia in those at risk. Development of @entity413 -responsive automated closed-loop @entity2690 delivery systems may reduce the burden of disease management and improve outcomes in type 1 @entity6 .

title: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion therapy and multiple daily @entity2690 injections in XXXX : a comparative overview and future horizons.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injection therapy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) therapy is currently accepted as a treatment strategy for type 1 @entity6 . Transition from @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ; including basal-bolus regimens) to CSII is based on expectations of better metabolic control and fewer hypoglycaemic events. Evidence to date has not been always conclusive. Areas covered: Evidence for CSII and @entity2794 in terms of glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and psychosocial outcomes is reviewed in the adult and paediatric population with type 1 @entity6 . Findings from studies on threshold-based @entity2690 pump suspension and predictive low @entity413 management (PLGM) are outlined. Limitations of current CSII application and future technological developments are discussed. Expert opinion: Glycaemic control and quality of life (QOL) may be improved by CSII compared to @entity2794 depending on baseline HbA1c and hypoglycaemia rates. Future studies are expected to provide evidence on clinical and cost effectiveness in those who will benefit the most. Training, structured education and support are important to benefit from CSII. Novel technological approaches linking continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) and CSII may help mitigate against frequent hypoglycaemia in those at risk. Development of @entity413 -responsive automated closed-loop @entity2690 delivery systems may reduce the burden of disease management and improve outcomes in type 1 @entity6 .

title: Continuous subcutaneous XXXX infusion therapy and multiple daily @entity2690 injections in @entity6 : a comparative overview and future horizons.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) therapy is currently accepted as a treatment strategy for type 1 @entity6 . Transition from @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ; including basal-bolus regimens) to CSII is based on expectations of better metabolic control and fewer hypoglycaemic events. Evidence to date has not been always conclusive. Areas covered: Evidence for CSII and @entity2794 in terms of glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and psychosocial outcomes is reviewed in the adult and paediatric population with type 1 @entity6 . Findings from studies on threshold-based @entity2690 pump suspension and predictive low @entity413 management (PLGM) are outlined. Limitations of current CSII application and future technological developments are discussed. Expert opinion: Glycaemic control and quality of life (QOL) may be improved by CSII compared to @entity2794 depending on baseline HbA1c and hypoglycaemia rates. Future studies are expected to provide evidence on clinical and cost effectiveness in those who will benefit the most. Training, structured education and support are important to benefit from CSII. Novel technological approaches linking continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) and CSII may help mitigate against frequent hypoglycaemia in those at risk. Development of @entity413 -responsive automated closed-loop @entity2690 delivery systems may reduce the burden of disease management and improve outcomes in type 1 @entity6 .

title: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion therapy and multiple daily XXXX injections in @entity6 : a comparative overview and future horizons.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) versus antemortem computed tomography (AMCT) using brains from the same @entity1 . We studied 36 nontraumatic subjects who underwent AMCT, PMCT, and pathological autopsy in our hospital between April 2009 and December 2013. PMCT was performed within 20 h after @entity204 , followed by pathological autopsy including the brain. Autopsy confirmed the absence of @entity1504 that might be related to the cause of @entity204 or might affect measurements in our study. Width of the third ventricle, width of the central sulcus, and attenuation in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) from the same area of the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and high convexity were statistically compared between AMCT and PMCT. Both the width of the third ventricle and the central sulcus were significantly shorter in PMCT than in AMCT (P < 0.0001). GM attenuation increased after @entity204 at the level of the centrum semiovale and high convexity, but the differences were not statistically significant considering the differences in attenuation among the different computed tomography scanners. WM attenuation significantly increased after @entity204 at all levels (P<0.0001). The differences were larger than the differences in scanners. GM/WM ratio of attenuation was significantly lower by PMCT than by AMCT at all levels (P<0.0001). PMCT showed an increase in WM attenuation, loss of GM-WM differentiation, and @entity4 , evidenced by a decrease in the size of ventricles and sulci.

title: XXXX and Loss of Gray and White Matter Differentiation in @entity1 Postmortem Cases by Computed Tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial disorders']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Brain Swelling']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) versus antemortem computed tomography (AMCT) using brains from the same @entity1 . We studied 36 nontraumatic subjects who underwent AMCT, PMCT, and pathological autopsy in our hospital between April 2009 and December 2013. PMCT was performed within 20 h after @entity204 , followed by pathological autopsy including the brain. Autopsy confirmed the absence of @entity1504 that might be related to the cause of @entity204 or might affect measurements in our study. Width of the third ventricle, width of the central sulcus, and attenuation in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) from the same area of the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and high convexity were statistically compared between AMCT and PMCT. Both the width of the third ventricle and the central sulcus were significantly shorter in PMCT than in AMCT (P < 0.0001). GM attenuation increased after @entity204 at the level of the centrum semiovale and high convexity, but the differences were not statistically significant considering the differences in attenuation among the different computed tomography scanners. WM attenuation significantly increased after @entity204 at all levels (P<0.0001). The differences were larger than the differences in scanners. GM/WM ratio of attenuation was significantly lower by PMCT than by AMCT at all levels (P<0.0001). PMCT showed an increase in WM attenuation, loss of GM-WM differentiation, and @entity4 , evidenced by a decrease in the size of ventricles and sulci.

title: @entity4 and Loss of Gray and White Matter Differentiation in XXXX Postmortem Cases by Computed Tomography.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In two-phase helical CT, organs are scanned in both the arterial and the parenchymal phase after IV injection of contrast material. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of two-phase helical CT for the preoperative localization of @entity4292 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with 11 surgically proven @entity4294 were included in the study. Helical CT scans of the pancreas were obtained with 5-mm collimation and overlapping image reconstruction. Images were obtained in the arterial and parenchymal phases after contrast material injection. A test bolus was used for tailored bolus timing. Images were analyzed by two observers. If a @entity5 was detected, its density relative to the surrounding parenchyma was scored by consensus, using a five-point scale. RESULTS: Nine of 11 @entity5 could be located using two-phase helical CT (sensitivity, 82%), including one 4-mm @entity7581 . Two lesions smaller than 5 mm could not be visualized. Two @entity5 were easier to detect (n = 1) or could only be detected on parenchymal-phase images (n = 1). @entity5 conspicuity was better on arterial-phase images in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results show that obtaining CT scans in both the arterial and the parenchymal phase leads to improved detection of @entity4292 .

title: Helical CT for the preoperative localization of XXXX of the pancreas: value of arterial and parenchymal phase images.

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4292 :: ('MESH:C535838', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic islet cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma']

answer: @entity4294 :: (MESH:D007516,Disease) :: ['islet cell tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence suggests that early life factors may influence @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk; however, little is known about the contributions of prenatal @entity701 . Objectives were to prospectively assess the associations of maternal @entity701 levels during pregnancy with offspring's 10-year @entity301 risk during middle age. METHODS: @entity1 were 262 mother-offspring dyads from the New England Family Study. Maternal free @entity701 was assessed in third-trimester maternal serum samples. Ten-year @entity301 risk was calculated in offspring at a mean age of 42 years, using the validated Framingham risk algorithm incorporating @entity6 , systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , smoking, age, and sex. RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses adjusted for age and race/ethnicity, high versus low maternal @entity701 tertile was associated with 36.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.4% to 72.5%) greater mean 10-year @entity301 risk score in @entity1 . There was no association in @entity1 (-2.8%, 95% CI = -23.8% to 24.0%). Further adjustment for in utero socioeconomic position showed 26.1% (95% CI = -0.5% to 59.9%) greater @entity301 risk in @entity1 . Adjustment for maternal age and size for gestational age had little effect on findings. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal prenatal @entity701 levels were positively associated with 10-year @entity301 risk among female, and not male, offspring. Adjusting for socioeconomic position during pregnancy reduced effect size in @entity1 , suggesting that it may be a common prior factor in both maternal @entity701 and @entity301 risk. These findings provide evidence that targeting mothers who have elevated prenatal @entity701 levels, including elevated @entity701 in the setting of low socioeconomic position, may potentially reduce long-term @entity301 risk in their offspring.

title: Prospective Evaluation of Associations Between Prenatal XXXX and Adulthood Coronary Heart Disease Risk: The New England Family Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Cortisol']


abstract: OBJECT The authors' aim in this paper was to review the intraoperative use of epidural @entity230 in lumbar discectomy surgery with a focus on surgical complications. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. Relevant papers were retrieved and analyzed. The authors performed a meta-analysis of all available data. Search terms included epidural, @entity230 , discectomy, lumbar disc surgery, @entity890 , @entity1667 , and perioperative.The primary outcome was surgical complications such as wound @entity281 or need for reoperation. Secondary outcomes were @entity158 and postoperative narcotic usage. RESULTS Sixteen trials and 1 retrospective study (a total of 1933 @entity1 ) were eligible for inclusion in this study. In all studies, @entity230 were added epidurally over the nerve root before closure in cases, and control @entity1 underwent discectomy alone. The mean age (42.7 years vs 42.4 years; RR 0.30 [95% CI -0.30 to 0.90], p = 0.32), overall complication rates (2.69% vs 1.18%; RR 1.94 [95% CI 0.72-5.26], p = 0.19), and infectious complication rates (0.94% vs 0.08%; RR 4.58 [95% CI 0.75-27.95], p = 0.10) were similar between the @entity479 group and control group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is good evidence that epidural @entity230 can decrease @entity158 in the short term and decrease the usage of postoperative narcotics after lumbar spinal surgery for degenerative @entity66 . The authors' results demonstrate a trend toward @entity281 with epidural @entity479 use, but there was not a statistically significant difference. More studies are needed to validate the long-term risk/benefit ratio of epidural @entity230 in lumbar discectomy.

title: Complications of intraoperative epidural XXXX use in lumbar discectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['increased infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated lumbar disc']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECT Traumatic @entity174 of the thoracolumbar spine are common injuries, accounting for approximately 90% of all spinal @entity130 . Lumbar spine @entity130 in the elderly is a growing public health problem with relatively little evidence to guide clinical management. The authors sought to characterize the complications, morbidity, and mortality associated with surgical and nonsurgical management in elderly @entity1 with traumatic @entity174 of the lumbar spine. METHODS Using the National Sample Program of the National @entity130 Data Bank, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of @entity1 >=  55 years of age who had traumatic fracture to the lumbar spine. This group was divided into middle-aged (55-69 years) and elderly (>=  70 years) cohorts. Cohorts were subdivided into nonoperative, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, noninstrumented surgery, and instrumented surgery. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to characterize and identify predictors of medical and surgical complications, mortality, hospital length of stay, ICU length of stay, number of days on ventilator, and hospital discharge in each subgroup. Adjusted odds ratios, mean differences, and associated 95% CIs were reported. Statistical significance was assessed at p < 0.05, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied for each outcome analysis. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2012, 22,835 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, which represents 94,103 incidents nationally. Analyses revealed a similar medical and surgical complication profile between age groups. The most prevalent medical complications were @entity55 (7.0%), acute @entity649 (3.6%), and @entity1150 (3%). @entity281 occurred in 6.3% of cases. Instrumented surgery was associated with the highest odds of each complication (p < 0.001). The inpatient mortality rate was 6.8% for all subjects. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that age >=  70 years was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.77-3.60), whereas instrumented surgery (multivariable OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.28-0.52) and vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.45) were associated with decreased odds of @entity204 . In surviving @entity1 , both older age (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.30-0.34) and instrumented fusion (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.33-0.41) were associated with decreased odds of discharge to home. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms that lumbar surgery in the elderly is associated with increased morbidity. In particular, instrumented fusion is associated with periprocedural complications, prolonged hospitalization, and a decreased likelihood of being discharged home. However, fusion surgery is also associated with reduced mortality. Age alone should not be an exclusionary factor in identifying surgical candidates for instrumented lumbar spinal fusion. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Perioperative morbidity and mortality after lumbar XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) function is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Changes in LV function have been examined during the early and late phases after @entity583 , but serial measurements of LV function during the subacute period have not been performed. To assess sequential changes in LV function during the subacute period after @entity583 , we used quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography to examine 22 @entity1 over a 1-year period. Twenty-one of the 22 @entity1 had a Q-wave @entity583 . Eleven had an anterior @entity583 and 10 had an inferior @entity583 ; their peak @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) was 1213 mIU/ml +/- 14. Three weeks after acute @entity583 , @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) had increased from 45% to 52%. Seven of 19 @entity1 showed an @entity1002 < 43% at baseline. In five of these @entity1 , @entity1002 improved, but in two @entity1 , @entity1002 was still < 43% in week 3. There was a significant enlargement of LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (94 ml to 112 ml, p < 0.05) across the four observations but no change in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV; 54 ml to 56 ml, p = n.s.). When two groups (G1 [ @entity308 ], @entity1002 < or = 43%; G2 [preserved], @entity1002 > 43%) were compared, the group with @entity308 @entity1002 demonstrated a higher probability of improvement in @entity1002 (34% to 47%, p < 0.001) and @entity64 volume (38 ml to 65 ml, p < 0.01).

title: Serial assessment of left ventricular function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF', 'LV ejection fraction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social factors may enhance health effects of air pollution, yet empirical support is inconsistent. The interaction of social and environmental factors may only be evident with long-term exposures and outcomes that reflect long-term disease development. METHODS: We used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 to assess left-ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We assigned residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), @entity28600 of @entity1568 , and @entity7459 in the year 2000 to each @entity1 in 2000 using prediction models. We examined modifying roles of four measures of adversity: race/ethnicity, racial/ethnic residential segregation, and socioeconomic status and psychosocial adversity as composite indices on the association between air pollution and LVMI or LVEF. RESULTS: Compared with whites, blacks showed a stronger adjusted association between air pollution and LVMI. For example, for each 5   g/m greater PM2.5 level, whites showed a 1.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = -1.3, 3.1), while blacks showed an additional 4.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 8.2). Results were similar for @entity28600 of @entity1568 and @entity7459 with regard to black race and LVMI. However, we found no evidence of a modifying role of other social factors or ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found no evidence of a modifying role for any social factors or racial/ethnic groups on the association between air pollution and LVEF. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that racial group membership may modify the association between air pollution and @entity65 .

title: Air Pollution, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Social Disadvantage: The Multi-ethnic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rodents include both the @entity5 -susceptible short-lived @entity19 and the two unrelated @entity5 -resistant long-lived mole- @entity35 . In this work, their genomes were analyzed with the goal to reveal pathways enriched in genes, which are more similar between the mole- @entity35 than between the @entity19 and the @entity25095 . The pathways related to cell cycle control were prominent. They include external signal transduction and all cell cycle stages. There are several stem cell pathways among them. The other enriched pathways involve ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation, immunity, mRNA splicing, and apoptosis. The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation is a core of network of enriched pathways. However, this phenomenon is not specific for the @entity19 and the mole- @entity35 . The other muroid species  show features similar to the @entity19 , whereas the non-muroid rodents and the @entity1 show features similar to the mole- @entity35 . The higher ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous @entity4334 substitutions (dN/dS) indicates the accelerated evolution of revealed pathways in the muroid rodents (except the blind mole- @entity35 ). Paradoxically, the dN/dS averaged over the whole genome is lower in the muroids, i.e., the purifying selection is generally stronger in them. In practical sense, these data suggest caveat for using muroid rodents ( @entity19 , @entity35 , and hamsters) as biomedical models of @entity1 conditions involving cell cycle and show the network of pathways where muroid genes are most different (compared with non-muroid) from @entity1 genes. The @entity840 is emphasized as a more suitable rodent model for biomedical research involving cell cycle.

title: Accelerated pathway evolution in XXXX -like rodents involves cell cycle control.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Global mortality of polytraumatised @entity1 presenting pelvic @entity174 remains high (330%), despite improvements in treatment algorithms in Level I @entity130 Centers. Many classifications have been developed in order to identify and analyse these pelvic ring lesions. However, it remains difficult to predict intra-pelvic @entity548 . The aim of this study was to identify pelvic ring anatomical lesions associated with significant @entity190 , susceptible to lead to life-threatening @entity548 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study focused on a retrospective analysis of @entity1 ' medical files, all of whom were admitted to one of the shock rooms of Grenoble University Hospital, France, between January 2004 and December 2008. Treatment was given according to the institutional algorithm of the Alps @entity130 Center and Emergency North Alpine Network @entity130 System (TRENAU). Different hemodynamical parameters at arrival were measured, and the @entity174 were classified according to Young and Burgess, Tile, Letournel and Denis. One hundred and ninety seven @entity1 were analysed. They were subdivided into two groups, embolised (Group E) and non-embolised (Group NE). RESULTS: Group NE included 171 @entity1 with a mean age of 40.2  8.7 years (15-90). Group E included 26 @entity1 with a mean age of 41.6  5.3 years (18-67). Twenty-six @entity1 died during the initial treatment phase. Eleven belonged to Group E and 15 to Group NE. Mortality was significantly higher in Group E (42.3% vs 8.8% in Group NE) (p<0.05). There were significantly many more Tile C unstable @entity174 in Group E (p=0.0014), and anterior lesions, according to Letournel, with pubic symphysis disruption were significantly more likely to lead to active @entity548 treated by selective embolisation (p=0.0014). Posterior pelvic ring lesions with iliac wing @entity174 and transforaminal sacral @entity174 ( @entity5854 ) were also more frequently associated with @entity548 treated by embolisation (p=0.0088 and p=0.0369 respectively). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: It appears that in our series the primary identification and classification of osteo-ligamentous lesions (according to Letournel and Denis' classifications) allows to anticipate the importance of @entity548 and to adapt the management of @entity1 accordingly, in order to quickly organise angiography with embolisation.

title: Which pelvic XXXX are potentially lethal?

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['ring fractures', 'fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['ring fractures']


abstract: Nanoparticles hold great promise for delivering medical cargos to cancerous tissues to enhance contrast and sensitivity of imaging agents or to increase specificity and efficacy of therapeutics. A growing body of data suggests that nanoparticle shape, in combination with surface chemistry, affects their in vivo fates, with elongated filaments showing enhanced @entity5 targeting and tissue penetration, while promoting immune evasion. The synthesis of high aspect ratio filamentous materials at the nanoscale remains challenging using synthetic routes; therefore we turned toward nature's materials, developing and studying the filamentous structures formed by the plant virus @entity415 virus X ( @entity41058 ). We recently demonstrated that @entity41058 shows enhanced @entity5 homing in various preclinical models. Like other nanoparticle systems, the proteinaceous platform is cleared from circulation and tissues by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). To increase bioavailability we set out to develop PEGylated stealth filaments and evaluate the effects of @entity970 chain length and conformation on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, as well as potential immune and inflammatory responses. We demonstrate that PEGylation effectively reduces immune recognition while increasing pharmacokinetic profiles. Stealth filaments show reduced interaction with cells of the MPS; the protein:polymer hybrids are cleared from the body tissues within hours to days indicating biodegradability and biocompatibility. Tissue compatibility is indicated with no apparent inflammatory signaling in vivo. Tailoring @entity970 chain length and conformation (brush vs. mushroom) allows tuning of the pharmacokinetics, yielding long-circulating stealth filaments for applications in nanomedicine.

title: Stealth filaments: Polymer chain length and conformation affect the in vivo fate of PEGylated XXXX virus X.

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immunological status, consisting of " @entity32 status" and "nutritional condition," is important for the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 , including @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the @entity32 status, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) reflects the immunological nutritional condition. In the present study, the correlation between the NLR and the PNI as well as the consistency and magnitude of the prognostic impact of the NLR and the PNI were investigated. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of data from 334 @entity1 who had undergone a curative resection for @entity1149 . The NLR and the PNI were calculated, which was routinely performed before surgery. The correlations between the NLR and the PNI and survival were then evaluated. RESULTS: A clear inverse correlation was observed between the NLR and the PNI. The NLR was associated with sex, smoking history, the @entity787 level, @entity5 size, and vascular invasion. The PNI was associated with sex, age, smoking history, @entity5 size, histological type, @entity5 differentiation, and vascular invasion. @entity1 with NLR >= 2.5 had a significantly poorer survival outcome, and @entity1 with PNI <50 had a significantly poorer survival outcome. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, nodal metastasis, @entity5 differentiation, NLR, and PNI were independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between the NLR and the PNI, and a high NLR and a low PNI were significantly associated with a poor survival among @entity1 who had undergone a complete resection for @entity1149 .

title: Preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index predict survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'various cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immunological status, consisting of " @entity32 status" and "nutritional condition," is important for the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 , including @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the @entity32 status, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) reflects the immunological nutritional condition. In the present study, the correlation between the NLR and the PNI as well as the consistency and magnitude of the prognostic impact of the NLR and the PNI were investigated. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of data from 334 @entity1 who had undergone a curative resection for @entity1149 . The NLR and the PNI were calculated, which was routinely performed before surgery. The correlations between the NLR and the PNI and survival were then evaluated. RESULTS: A clear inverse correlation was observed between the NLR and the PNI. The NLR was associated with sex, smoking history, the @entity787 level, @entity5 size, and vascular invasion. The PNI was associated with sex, age, smoking history, @entity5 size, histological type, @entity5 differentiation, and vascular invasion. @entity1 with NLR >= 2.5 had a significantly poorer survival outcome, and @entity1 with PNI <50 had a significantly poorer survival outcome. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, nodal metastasis, @entity5 differentiation, NLR, and PNI were independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between the NLR and the PNI, and a high NLR and a low PNI were significantly associated with a poor survival among @entity1 who had undergone a complete resection for @entity1149 .

title: Preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index predict survival in XXXX with @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to identify factors predictive of postoperative improvement of @entity3518 in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) treated by subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. BACKGROUND: Camptocormia, one of the most disabling features of @entity191 , often responds poorly to medical therapies. The reported effects of deep brain stimulation on @entity191 -associated @entity3518 vary, and preoperative characteristics affecting the surgical outcome remain unclear. METHODS: We evaluated 17 @entity1 with @entity3518 whose preoperative off-medication thoracolumbar angle exceeded 45  . We used photographs to measure their thoracolumbar angle preoperatively, 3   months after surgery, and at the last follow-up (mean 36.5   months postoperatively) in status on-medication and off-medication. The @entity1 age, duration of @entity191 and @entity3518 , daily medications, Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscores and the Schwab-England activity of daily living scale (S-E) were also recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of the postoperative improvement of @entity3518 . RESULTS: STN stimulation significantly improved the UPDRS subscores and S-E, and resulted in a reduction of daily medications 3   months post-treatment. The preoperative thoracolumbar angle (mean  SD) in status off-medication (84.0  29.5  ) was significantly ameliorated 3   months postoperatively (49.8  29.3  ) and at the last follow-up (54.8  28.3  ). There was no correlation between the postoperative @entity3518 improvement rate and preoperative parameters other than the duration and severity of @entity3518 and the @entity3034 responsiveness of the thoracolumbar angle. Symptom duration negatively affected @entity3034 responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: STN stimulation improves @entity191 -associated @entity3518 in parallel with preoperative @entity3034 responsiveness. Long symptom duration interferes with @entity3034 responsiveness.

title: Subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves @entity191 in parallel to its preoperative XXXX responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3518 :: ('MESH:C537968', 'Disease') :: ['camptocormia']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['levodopa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to identify factors predictive of postoperative improvement of @entity3518 in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) treated by subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. BACKGROUND: Camptocormia, one of the most disabling features of @entity191 , often responds poorly to medical therapies. The reported effects of deep brain stimulation on @entity191 -associated @entity3518 vary, and preoperative characteristics affecting the surgical outcome remain unclear. METHODS: We evaluated 17 @entity1 with @entity3518 whose preoperative off-medication thoracolumbar angle exceeded 45  . We used photographs to measure their thoracolumbar angle preoperatively, 3   months after surgery, and at the last follow-up (mean 36.5   months postoperatively) in status on-medication and off-medication. The @entity1 age, duration of @entity191 and @entity3518 , daily medications, Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscores and the Schwab-England activity of daily living scale (S-E) were also recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of the postoperative improvement of @entity3518 . RESULTS: STN stimulation significantly improved the UPDRS subscores and S-E, and resulted in a reduction of daily medications 3   months post-treatment. The preoperative thoracolumbar angle (mean  SD) in status off-medication (84.0  29.5  ) was significantly ameliorated 3   months postoperatively (49.8  29.3  ) and at the last follow-up (54.8  28.3  ). There was no correlation between the postoperative @entity3518 improvement rate and preoperative parameters other than the duration and severity of @entity3518 and the @entity3034 responsiveness of the thoracolumbar angle. Symptom duration negatively affected @entity3034 responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: STN stimulation improves @entity191 -associated @entity3518 in parallel with preoperative @entity3034 responsiveness. Long symptom duration interferes with @entity3034 responsiveness.

title: Subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves XXXX in parallel to its preoperative @entity3034 responsiveness.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease-associated camptocormia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to explore the mechanism of brain structure and function in unmedicated @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity308 and 50 matched healthy control @entity1 free of psychotropic medication underwent high-resolution structural and rsfMRI scanning. Optimized diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra and the Data Processing Assistant for rsfMRI were used to find potential differences in gray-matter volume (GMV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) between the two groups. A Pearson correlation model was used to analyze associations of morphometric and functional changes with clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, @entity1 with @entity308 showed significant GMV increase in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and GMV decrease in the left lingual gyrus (P<0.001, uncorrected). In ReHo analysis, values were significantly increased in the left precuneus and decreased in the left putamen (P<0.001, uncorrected) in @entity1 with @entity308 compared to healthy controls. There was no overlap between anatomical and functional changes. Linear correlation suggested no significant correlation between mean GMV values within regions with @entity854 and ReHo values in regions with functional abnormality in the @entity1 group. These changes were not significantly correlated with symptom severity. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests a dissociation pattern of brain regions with anatomical and functional alterations in unmedicated @entity1 with @entity308 , especially with regard to GMV and ReHo.

title: Anatomical and functional brain abnormalities in unmedicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical abnormality']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']


abstract: CONTEXT: Leptin and ghrelin are two important appetite and energy balance-regulating peptides. Common polymorphisms in the genes coding these peptides and their related receptors are shown to be associated with body weight, different markers of @entity28 and @entity209 . This review article aims to investigate the association of common polymorphisms of these genes with overweight/ @entity28 and the @entity209 related to it. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The keywords leptin, ghrelin, polymorphism, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), @entity28 , overweight, Body Mass Index, @entity209 , and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (MeSH headings) were used to search in the following databases: Pubmed, Sciencedirect (Elsevier), and Google scholar. Overall, 24 case-control studies, relevant to our topic, met the criteria and were included in the review. RESULTS: The most prevalent leptin/leptin receptor genes ( @entity1243 / @entity13156 ) and ghrelin/ @entity14950 genes ( @entity5739 / @entity14950 ) single @entity4334 polymorphisms studied were @entity1243 @entity29425 , @entity13156 @entity13159 , and @entity59126 , respectively. Nine studies of the 17 studies on @entity1243 / @entity13156 , and three studies of the seven studies on @entity5739 / @entity14950 showed significant relationships. CONCLUSIONS: In general, our study suggests that the association between @entity1243 / @entity13156 and @entity5739 / @entity14950 with overweight/ @entity28 and the related @entity209 is inconclusive. These results may be due to unidentified gene-environment interactions. More investigations are needed to further clarify this association.

title: The Association of Polymorphisms in Leptin/Leptin Receptor Genes and Ghrelin/ XXXX Genes With Overweight/Obesity and the Related Metabolic Disturbances: A Review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity59126 :: ('p|SUB|L|72|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Leu72Met']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disturbances', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14950 :: ('2693', 'Gene') :: ['ghrelin receptor', 'GHSR']

answer: @entity14950 :: (2693,Gene) :: ['Ghrelin Receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of @entity1 with cervical @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ) treated with cold knife cone (CKC) biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ). STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective, population-based cohort study of Western Australian @entity1 with @entity15709 diagnosed between 2001 and 2012. Outcomes included pathological margin status and the incidence of persistent or recurrent endocervical @entity5 ( @entity15709 and @entity420 ) during follow-up (<12months) and surveillance (>= 12months) periods. RESULTS: The study group comprised 338 @entity1 including 107 (32%) treated initially by LEEP and 231 (68%) treated by CKC biopsy. The mean age was 33.2years (range 18 to 76years) and median follow-up interval was 3.6years (range <1year to 11.8years). Overall, 27 (8.0%) @entity1 had @entity15709 persistence/recurrence while 9 (2.7%) were diagnosed with @entity420 during the follow-up and surveillance periods. No @entity1 died of cervical @entity5 within the study period. There were no significant differences in the incidence of persistent and/or recurrent endocervical @entity5 according to the type of excisional procedure. @entity1 with positive biopsy margins were 3.4 times more likely to have disease persistence or recurrence. CONCLUSION(S): LEEP and CKC biopsy appear equally effective in the treatment of @entity15709 for @entity1 wishing to preserve fertility. @entity1 undergoing conservative management for @entity15709 should be closely monitored, particularly if biopsy margins are positive in initial excision specimens. @entity1 and their clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of residual and recurrent disease.

title: Comparison of cold knife cone biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure in the management of cervical XXXX : What is the gold standard?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['ACIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

answer: @entity15709 :: (MESH:D065311,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present the use of selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation in a @entity1 requiring complex reoperative aortic surgery. Reports describing this technique are limited. METHODS: A 66-year-old @entity1 with a previously repaired type A dissection and worsening @entity1353 was found to have a giant ascending aortic @entity2849 compressing the right pulmonary artery and vein secondary to dehiscence of the ascending aortic graft from the proximal and distal anastomoses. Moderate-to-severe @entity337 was shown by transthoracic echocardiogram. RESULTS: Cold blood selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation was achieved using 14-French pediatric arterial cannulas (750 mL-1.0 L/min). The left ventricle was effectively decompressed via placement of an apical vent through a left anterolateral thoracotomy. Electroencephalographic quiescence was observed before sternal entry. We proceeded with replacement of the aortic arch under deep hypothermic @entity1167 (34 minutes) and Cabrol root replacement. Cerebral blood flow was maintained throughout the case and the @entity1 suffered no @entity149 . CONCLUSIONS: Selective cerebral perfusion via carotid artery cannulation can safely preserve cerebral blood flow in the setting of complex reoperative surgery of the thoracic aorta.

title: Safe sternal reentry in the setting of a giant aortic @entity2849 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive sequelae']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present the use of selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation in a @entity1 requiring complex reoperative aortic surgery. Reports describing this technique are limited. METHODS: A 66-year-old @entity1 with a previously repaired type A dissection and worsening @entity1353 was found to have a giant ascending aortic @entity2849 compressing the right pulmonary artery and vein secondary to dehiscence of the ascending aortic graft from the proximal and distal anastomoses. Moderate-to-severe @entity337 was shown by transthoracic echocardiogram. RESULTS: Cold blood selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation was achieved using 14-French pediatric arterial cannulas (750 mL-1.0 L/min). The left ventricle was effectively decompressed via placement of an apical vent through a left anterolateral thoracotomy. Electroencephalographic quiescence was observed before sternal entry. We proceeded with replacement of the aortic arch under deep hypothermic @entity1167 (34 minutes) and Cabrol root replacement. Cerebral blood flow was maintained throughout the case and the @entity1 suffered no @entity149 . CONCLUSIONS: Selective cerebral perfusion via carotid artery cannulation can safely preserve cerebral blood flow in the setting of complex reoperative surgery of the thoracic aorta.

title: Safe sternal reentry in the setting of a giant aortic XXXX and @entity337 .

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of zerumbone, a natural sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, on high glucose-induced @entity137 in pancreatic b cells. @entity2833 @entity35 pancreatic b cells were treated with 33 mM glucose with or without different concentrations of zerumbone and cell viability and apoptosis were assessed. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the action of zerumbone was examined. Notably, zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the reduction of cell viability induced by high glucose. Such protection was in a concentration-dependent fashion up to 60  M of zerumbone. @entity13909 /propidium iodide staining analysis showed that zerumbone impaired the apoptotic response of high glucose-treated @entity2833 cells, which was coupled with a significant decline in cleaved caspase-3 and @entity2311 . Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity12220 and @entity6336 induced by high glucose. Zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the generation of ROS and the phosphorylation of @entity12220 and @entity6336 MAPKs in high glucose-treated @entity2833 cells. Pharmacological activation of @entity12220 and @entity6336 with anisomycin reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of zerumbone. Additionally, simultaneous inhibition of @entity12220 and @entity6336 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the apoptotic response in high glucose-treated @entity2833 cells. In conclusion, zerumbone confers protection against high glucose-induced apoptosis of @entity2833 pancreatic b cells, largely through interfering with ROS production and @entity12220 and @entity6336 activation. Zerumbone may have potential therapeutic effects against @entity4854 -induced b cell damage in @entity6 .

title: Zerumbone protects XXXX @entity35 pancreatic beta cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity2833 :: (24505(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['INS-1']


abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of zerumbone, a natural sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, on high glucose-induced @entity137 in pancreatic b cells. @entity2833 @entity35 pancreatic b cells were treated with 33 mM glucose with or without different concentrations of zerumbone and cell viability and apoptosis were assessed. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the action of zerumbone was examined. Notably, zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the reduction of cell viability induced by high glucose. Such protection was in a concentration-dependent fashion up to 60  M of zerumbone. @entity13909 /propidium iodide staining analysis showed that zerumbone impaired the apoptotic response of high glucose-treated @entity2833 cells, which was coupled with a significant decline in cleaved caspase-3 and @entity2311 . Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity12220 and @entity6336 induced by high glucose. Zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the generation of ROS and the phosphorylation of @entity12220 and @entity6336 MAPKs in high glucose-treated @entity2833 cells. Pharmacological activation of @entity12220 and @entity6336 with anisomycin reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of zerumbone. Additionally, simultaneous inhibition of @entity12220 and @entity6336 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the apoptotic response in high glucose-treated @entity2833 cells. In conclusion, zerumbone confers protection against high glucose-induced apoptosis of @entity2833 pancreatic b cells, largely through interfering with ROS production and @entity12220 and @entity6336 activation. Zerumbone may have potential therapeutic effects against @entity4854 -induced b cell damage in @entity6 .

title: Zerumbone protects @entity2833 XXXX pancreatic beta cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5947 (PRL) is important in the regulation of milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (MEC). In @entity291 , circulating levels of PRL are not limiting, suggesting the possible involvement of other factors that may control the response to PRL at the cellular level. The effects of @entity1267 ( @entity1267 ) on milk synthesis are controlled locally within mammary glands and involve PRL signaling. To further investigate this relationship between @entity1267 and PRL signaling, udder halves of 17 dairy @entity291 were milked either 4 times a day (4*) or once a day (1*) for 14 d in early lactation. Mammary biopsies were obtained 3 to 5h following milking from both udder halves of 10 @entity291 , and changes in PRL and associated pathways were measured. The abundance of @entity11733 mRNA was higher after 4* milking, whereas that of the @entity53668 ( @entity53668 ) and @entity34121 were lower relative to that after 1* milking. In 4* mammary tissues, the protein levels of STAT5, activated STAT5, and b1-integrin were higher, whereas the those of the long isoform of @entity53668 and activated @entity34121 were lower than 1* tissues. The activation of STAT5 correlated strongly with major @entity35422 mRNA abundance (r=0.86 to 0.94) and b1-integrin protein levels (r=0.91). These results confirm that major @entity35422 gene expression is associated with STAT5 activation and suggests that the STAT5 and b1-integrin signaling pathways are linked. Modulation of b1-integrin abundance in response to changes in @entity1267 may be a mechanism that controls the MEC ability to respond to PRL and therefore its secretory activity.

title: Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is linked to b1-integrin protein abundance in unilaterally milked XXXX mammary glands.

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'milking frequency']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Optimal management of @entity1 with diffuse incidental @entity263 (Stage A2) is an unresolved issue. Current forms of therapy include radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, and no treatment. Long-term results with curative therapy have been unreported because of the relatively recent substaging of Stage A into incidental and @entity66 . The results of radical prostatectomy in 25 @entity1 with Stage A2 @entity263 were reviewed. @entity322 was the most serious complication and occurred in four @entity1 (16%). Pathologically, 24 @entity1 (96%) had @entity189 present in the radical prostatectomy specimen. In 22 @entity1 (88%) the @entity5 was entirely confined to the prostate. Two @entity1 (8%) demonstrated @entity3 , and one (4%) had capsular penetration. In follow-up metastatic disease has developed in one @entity1 , and another died without evidence of @entity5 . The remaining @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease. Since 88% of @entity1 with Stage A2 disease have their @entity5 entirely confined to the prostate, radical prostatectomy offers an excellent chance of long-term cure, as in Stage B @entity263 .

title: Efficacy of radical prostatectomy for stage A2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse disease']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']