abstract: Seven autopsies performed on immunosuppressed bone marrow transplant recipients who died with documented herpes virus infection were reviewed. The kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy and revealed no pathological findings, specifically no @entity8 or tubular @entity1986 . Seven renal biopsies performed on kidney transplant recipients in whom a diagnosis of @entity8 was entertained were also studied. These @entity1 exhibited clinical parameters suggestive of @entity2803 . Three @entity1 had subsequent nephrectomies and two showed severe acute vascular rejection. The one kidney without demonstrable acute vascular rejection was negative for cytomegalovirus on culture. Three additional @entity1 improved or stabilized their renal function under therapy for rejection. Light, electron microscopic and immunofluorescent studies, although confirmatory of endothelial cell damage, did not substantiate active @entity8 in these @entity1 . An additional group of fifteen @entity1 with disseminated @entity2803 revealed no evidence of @entity8 . Finally, two kidney transplant recipients with proven @entity2803 (one with associated tubular @entity1986 ) also showed no glomerular alterations. It is the author's opinion that the entity that has been considered as @entity8 probably represents rejection, either a peculiar anti-endothelial type of rejection or a protracted, early, or partially resolved acute vascular rejection without residual or identifiable acute vascular rejection changes in the tissue sampled.

title: XXXX : a controversial lesion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus glomerulopathy', 'glomerulopathy', 'cytomegalovirus renal infection']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Cytomegalovirus glomerulopathy']


abstract: We have analysed the role played by @entity12622 ( @entity378 ) in Italy today, and in particular in L'Aquila, in the light of a worrying recrudescence. We report the case of a 64-year-old @entity1 , in menopause for the past 11 years or so, referred to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the University of L'Aquila, with an anamnesis of menometrorrhagia since the age of 55. The @entity1 was studied from a gynecological and internist profile including the following procedures: gynecological examination and pap-test, colposcopy, transvaginal scan, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic CAT, laboratory tests and Mantoux reaction. The uterus was found to be fibromatous during the gynecological examination and scan, whereas colposcopy revealed a small ectropion and the presence of very adherent yellowish mucus. The Mantoux test was positive. CAT showed cicatricial sequelae in the @entity358 . It was decided to perform curettage, but this was prevented by the presence of pyometra. The @entity1 was treated with specific chemotherapy and then underwent total laparohysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. The histological findings confirmed genital @entity378 . Genital @entity378 is now undergoing a worrying recrudescence. We need to have a full knowledge of the pathology, the diagnostic means with which to discover it and the correct therapeutic instruments to overcome it.

title: XXXX in a menopausal @entity1 . A case report.

entities_list: @entity12622 :: ('MESH:D014401', 'Disease') :: ['genital tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

answer: @entity12622 :: (MESH:D014401,Disease) :: ['Genital tuberculosis']


abstract: We have analysed the role played by @entity12622 ( @entity378 ) in Italy today, and in particular in L'Aquila, in the light of a worrying recrudescence. We report the case of a 64-year-old @entity1 , in menopause for the past 11 years or so, referred to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the University of L'Aquila, with an anamnesis of menometrorrhagia since the age of 55. The @entity1 was studied from a gynecological and internist profile including the following procedures: gynecological examination and pap-test, colposcopy, transvaginal scan, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic CAT, laboratory tests and Mantoux reaction. The uterus was found to be fibromatous during the gynecological examination and scan, whereas colposcopy revealed a small ectropion and the presence of very adherent yellowish mucus. The Mantoux test was positive. CAT showed cicatricial sequelae in the @entity358 . It was decided to perform curettage, but this was prevented by the presence of pyometra. The @entity1 was treated with specific chemotherapy and then underwent total laparohysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. The histological findings confirmed genital @entity378 . Genital @entity378 is now undergoing a worrying recrudescence. We need to have a full knowledge of the pathology, the diagnostic means with which to discover it and the correct therapeutic instruments to overcome it.

title: @entity12622 in a menopausal XXXX . A case report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Functional @entity339 in @entity296 carries a poor prognosis, and its surgical management remains problematic and controversial. The aim of this study was to report the results of our surgical approach to @entity1 who have had @entity583 and have @entity2554 , @entity339 , reduced pump function, @entity120 and @entity453 . This surgical approach consists of endoventricular mitral repair without prosthetic ring, ventricular reconstruction with or without patch, and coronary artery bypass grafting. @entity1 : Forty-six @entity1 (aged 64 +/- 10 years) with previous anterior transmural @entity583 and @entity339 comprised the study group. Indication for surgery was @entity712 in 93% of cases; 25 @entity1 were in New York Heart Association functional class IV and 17 were in class III. @entity339 was moderate to severe in 32 cases (69%). RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, with a mean of 3.2 +/- 1.3 grafts. Associated aortic valve replacement was performed in 4 cases. Global operative mortality rate was 15.2%. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes significantly decreased after surgery (from 140 +/- 40 to 98 +/- 36 mL/m(2) and from 98 +/- 32 to 63 +/- 22 mL/m(2), respectively, P =.001). Systolic pulmonary pressure decreased significantly (from 55 +/- 13 to 43 +/- 16 mm Hg, P =.001). Ejection fraction did not change significantly. Postoperative @entity339 was absent or minimal in 84% of cases; 1 @entity1 had severe @entity339 necessitating valve replacement. New York Heart Association functional class significantly improved. The mean preoperative functional class was 3.4 +/- 0.6 (median 3, range 2-4); after the operation, this decreased to 1.9 +/- 0.7 (median 2, range 1-3, P <.001). Cumulative survival at a 30-month follow-up was 63%. CONCLUSIONS: Our aggressive, combined surgical approach is aimed at correcting the three components of @entity296 : relieving @entity63 , reducing left ventricular wall tension by decreasing left ventricular volumes, and reducing @entity1284 and @entity120 by repairing the mitral valve. Despite a relatively high perioperative mortality rate, surviving @entity1 benefitted from the operation, with improved clinical functional class and thus quality of life.

title: XXXX : intraventricular papillary muscle imbrication without mitral ring during left ventricular restoration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Ischemic mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 may result in significant morbidity and mortality after pediatric cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and outcome of severe @entity120 , defined as a ratio of @entity551 equal to or greater than 1.0, after cardiac surgery in @entity1 . METHODS: Data from all @entity1 younger than 18 years who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1998, were examined. To find @entity1 with severe @entity120 , we reviewed intensive care unit charts from @entity1 who had been monitored with a pulmonary artery catheter after the operation (n = 151), had received mechanical ventilation for more than 4 days after the operation (n = 124), or had died in the operating room or the intensive care unit (n = 22). Intraoperative and postoperative measurements of mean pulmonary arterial pressure and postoperative echocardiographic studies during the first 3 postoperative days were used to select the @entity1 . RESULTS: During the study period, 1349 @entity1 (including 164 neonates and 511 @entity1 , median age 12 months) underwent cardiac operations with an overall perioperative mortality of 22 @entity1 (1.6%). Twenty-seven @entity1 (2%, median age 4.2 months) had severe @entity120 . Of these, 2 (7.4%) died within 30 days of the operation, and 3 others (11%) died within a year (median follow-up 53 months). @entity842 inhalation was used in 5 of the 27 cases, and it probably saved the life of 1 @entity1 , may have helped in 1 case, and had no discernible effect in 3 cases. @entity120 was most common after correction of complete @entity474 (14%, n = 12/85). Thirteen of 131 @entity1 with Down syndrome (9.9%) had severe @entity120 . CONCLUSION: Severe postoperative @entity120 occurred after 2% of the cardiac procedures and in most cases was managed successfully with conventional treatment and had a favorable postoperative outcome. The low incidence relative to previous reports may reflect the benefits of early correction and improved intraoperative and postoperative care.

title: How common is severe XXXX after pediatric cardiac surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension', 'Severe pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary to systemic arterial pressure']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1659 ( @entity1659 ) is a @entity395 characterized by episodes of @entity113 of the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract resulting from a defect in the gene that produces @entity19459 . Although in vitro laboratory data and past reports suggested that heparin might be efficacious in preventing @entity1659 attacks, no controlled study has been reported to examine heparin's efficacy in this regard. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of inhaled and subcutaneous heparin versus that of placebo in the prevention of @entity1659 attacks. METHODS: We performed a double-blind, double-dummy, saline placebo-controlled, randomized, 3-way crossover study with 11 visits. RESULTS: The study was designed to enroll 24 @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 were randomized and received the study drug. @entity1 did not have a significant decrease in average flare intensity after they received injected or inhaled heparin compared with that seen after placebo, the primary endpoint. However, when @entity1 received injected heparin, they had a statistically significant decrease in average flare intensity compared with that seen with inhaled heparin after a normalizing transformation was applied. When the means are back transformed, this translates into median flare intensities of 9.2, 8.0, and 5.1 in the @entity1 treated with inhaled heparin, placebo, and injected heparin, respectively. There were no significant differences when individual symptoms were examined, when total numbers of flares over a 6-week observation period were examined, or when global evaluations by the @entity1 and investigators were evaluated. Adverse event severity was fairly uniform across treatments, with the majority of events classified as moderate and the remainder split between mild and severe. Injected heparin treatment was associated with higher rates of relatedness than other treatments, which was partially explained by 17 adverse events specifically related to the injection process itself (tenderness, @entity2981 , redness, @entity158 , and itching at the injection site). The injection treatment was also associated with a larger overall number of reported adverse events (70 vs 48 in the placebo treatment). Tenderness and @entity2981 at the injection site were entirely confined to the injected heparin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Injected and inhaled heparin failed to attenuate average flare intensity, the primary endpoint, compared with placebo. Interestingly, after @entity1 injected heparin, they had a significant decrease in average flare intensity compared with that seen after inhalation of heparin. There were no differences among groups in other efficacy parameters. Taken together, these data indicate that commercial heparin was ineffective in preventing exacerbations of @entity1659 .

title: Does heparin prophylaxis prevent exacerbations of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['HAE', 'Hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19459 :: ('710', 'Gene') :: ['C1 esterase inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['hereditary angioedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The advantages of treating morbidly @entity28 @entity1 via the laparoscopic approach have been demonstrated, in particular, for adjustable @entity1346 gastric banding, but this operation is associated with a high rate of late complications. Gastric bypass and malabsorbitive procedures are feasible via the laparoscopic approach, but they entail a prolonged operating time and a consistently high morbidity rate. Laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty represents an effective alternative. METHODS: We performed 250 consecutive LVBG between November 1995 and February 2000. The procedure consisted of a personal technique designed to reproduce, by laparoscopy, MacLean's modification of the standard open Mason vertical-banded gastroplasty, with a calibrated transgastric window, a complete division between the staple lines, and a 5-cm-circumference @entity7502 collar. RESULTS: The operative time was 95 min and the conversion rate was 0.8%. Operative mortality was nil; early and late complications, respectively, were 4.4% and 4%; the reoperation rate was 2%. Global results at 4 years were as follows: excess @entity353 (EWL) 61%, success rate (excess weight <50%) 76.9%, body mass index (BMI) 29.4 kg/m2. In morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , the EWL at 4 years was 62.2%, with a 77.4% success rate and a 28.4 kg/m2 BMI; in superobese @entity1 , the EWL at 4 years was 54.9% with a 50% success rate and a 35.5 kg/m2 BMI. The overall follow-up rate was 92%. CONCLUSIONS: LVBG is an effective and safe operation in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , providing good @entity353 with a low morbidity rate, no mortality, and minimum discomfort. However, in superobese @entity1 , the @entity353 results are disappointing; in these @entity1 , LVBG is questionable and more complex procedures should be considered.

title: Laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid XXXX . Assessment of efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Since the introduction of the high-resolution technique more than ten years ago, HRCT has become an established modality for diagnosing @entity17220 . This is especially true for the diagnosis of @entity358 in adults. Experience in HRCT of the lungs is limited in pediatric @entity1 . This review gives an overview of frequent and less frequent HRCT findings in @entity358 in childhood. A purely reticular pattern is rarely observed in @entity1 . @entity358 associated with overinflation are relatively frequent. Paired inspiratory-expiratory scans combine morphological analysis with functional information and have improved the diagnosis of air trapping, e. g. in post-infectious @entity4154 or @entity2107 . Especially in @entity1 the high radiation exposure is a problem. Even when applying a low-dose protocol the radiation dose of HRCT will still exceed the dose of a chest X-ray by 100 times. The indication for pediatric @entity358 is limited to selected cases and it should be decided in agreement with the pediatric radiologists and the pediatric pulmonologists.

title: [High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs in pediatric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the respiratory system']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary diseases', 'pulmonary diseases', 'pulmonary HRCT', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: dThdPase ( @entity1014 phosphorylase) is an enzyme that is involved in @entity35343 metabolism. It has been recently reported that dThdPase is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Previous studies demonstrated that the immunohistochemical expression of dThdPase was related with disease progression. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression levels of dThdPase and their prognostic significance in @entity356 , prospectively. METHODOLOGY: We obtained fresh samples ( @entity5 and adjacent normal mucosa) from 263 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy between April 1998 and March 2000. dThdPase was analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The expression levels of dThdPase in @entity5 (98.4 +/- 62.5 U/mg protein) was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (46.5 +/- 27.8 U/mg protein) (P < 0.0001). Intratumoral dThdPase levels were significantly higher in Borrmann types II and III macroscopically (P < 0.01), in poorly differentiated type histologically (P < 0.05), and in the @entity5 -invading serosa (P < 0.001). The expression levels of dThdPase were also significantly higher in @entity5 tissue from @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.01) and in that from @entity1 with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05). The survival rate of @entity1 with @entity5 of high dThdPase (> or = 100 U/mg protein) was significantly poorer than that of @entity1 with @entity5 of low dThdPase (< 100 U/mg protein) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the measurement of dThdPase may provide useful information for predicting prognosis in @entity356 .

title: Correlation between expression levels of @entity1014 phosphorylase (dThdPase) and clinical features in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity35343 :: ('CHEBI:26440', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: dThdPase ( @entity1014 phosphorylase) is an enzyme that is involved in @entity35343 metabolism. It has been recently reported that dThdPase is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Previous studies demonstrated that the immunohistochemical expression of dThdPase was related with disease progression. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression levels of dThdPase and their prognostic significance in @entity356 , prospectively. METHODOLOGY: We obtained fresh samples ( @entity5 and adjacent normal mucosa) from 263 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy between April 1998 and March 2000. dThdPase was analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The expression levels of dThdPase in @entity5 (98.4 +/- 62.5 U/mg protein) was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (46.5 +/- 27.8 U/mg protein) (P < 0.0001). Intratumoral dThdPase levels were significantly higher in Borrmann types II and III macroscopically (P < 0.01), in poorly differentiated type histologically (P < 0.05), and in the @entity5 -invading serosa (P < 0.001). The expression levels of dThdPase were also significantly higher in @entity5 tissue from @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.01) and in that from @entity1 with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05). The survival rate of @entity1 with @entity5 of high dThdPase (> or = 100 U/mg protein) was significantly poorer than that of @entity1 with @entity5 of low dThdPase (< 100 U/mg protein) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the measurement of dThdPase may provide useful information for predicting prognosis in @entity356 .

title: Correlation between expression levels of XXXX phosphorylase (dThdPase) and clinical features in @entity1 @entity356 .

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: dThdPase ( @entity1014 phosphorylase) is an enzyme that is involved in @entity35343 metabolism. It has been recently reported that dThdPase is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Previous studies demonstrated that the immunohistochemical expression of dThdPase was related with disease progression. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression levels of dThdPase and their prognostic significance in @entity356 , prospectively. METHODOLOGY: We obtained fresh samples ( @entity5 and adjacent normal mucosa) from 263 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy between April 1998 and March 2000. dThdPase was analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The expression levels of dThdPase in @entity5 (98.4 +/- 62.5 U/mg protein) was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (46.5 +/- 27.8 U/mg protein) (P < 0.0001). Intratumoral dThdPase levels were significantly higher in Borrmann types II and III macroscopically (P < 0.01), in poorly differentiated type histologically (P < 0.05), and in the @entity5 -invading serosa (P < 0.001). The expression levels of dThdPase were also significantly higher in @entity5 tissue from @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.01) and in that from @entity1 with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05). The survival rate of @entity1 with @entity5 of high dThdPase (> or = 100 U/mg protein) was significantly poorer than that of @entity1 with @entity5 of low dThdPase (< 100 U/mg protein) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the measurement of dThdPase may provide useful information for predicting prognosis in @entity356 .

title: Correlation between expression levels of @entity1014 phosphorylase (dThdPase) and clinical features in XXXX @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The analysis of tissue specific gene expression by reverse transcription based @entity138 /PCR methods is currently evaluated as a method for the detection of @entity5 cell dissemination in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity0 tissues express @entity4293 and the level of @entity4293 expression in the primary @entity5 correlates with the incidence of @entity3 in the bone. We applied a @entity138 /PCR assay of @entity4293 to detect @entity5 cells in the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood (pb) and bone marrow (bm) of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 . @entity4293 positivity was found in 18/67 pb and 20/71 bm samples. In a median follow up of 23 months there were 7 metastatic relapses (4 osseous, 2 hepatic, 1 pulmonary) and 9 local relapses in @entity1 with primary lymph node positive @entity0 . The hepatic and pulmonary relapses had been both @entity4293 -PCR negative in pb and in bm. Of the 4 @entity1 with metastatic relapses to the bone the samples of bm had been initially negative in all cases, the pb had been positive in 2 cases. Of the 9 @entity1 with local recurrences the pb alone had been positive in 4 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 had been negative in both the pb and the bm. During the period of observation there was no local and metastatic relapse detectable in the group of @entity1 with primary lymph node negative @entity0 . In summary the increased risk for local or systemic relapse would have been predictable by @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 alone in pb in 4 of the 9 local and in 2 of the 7 early metastatic relapses. Further follow-up of the @entity1 cohort analysed is needed to assess the value of the @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 as a prognostic and predictive marker in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Detection of disseminated carcinoma cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood in primary @entity0 with @entity138 /PCR of XXXX ( @entity4293 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity4293 :: (5744,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone-related protein']


abstract: The analysis of tissue specific gene expression by reverse transcription based @entity138 /PCR methods is currently evaluated as a method for the detection of @entity5 cell dissemination in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity0 tissues express @entity4293 and the level of @entity4293 expression in the primary @entity5 correlates with the incidence of @entity3 in the bone. We applied a @entity138 /PCR assay of @entity4293 to detect @entity5 cells in the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood (pb) and bone marrow (bm) of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 . @entity4293 positivity was found in 18/67 pb and 20/71 bm samples. In a median follow up of 23 months there were 7 metastatic relapses (4 osseous, 2 hepatic, 1 pulmonary) and 9 local relapses in @entity1 with primary lymph node positive @entity0 . The hepatic and pulmonary relapses had been both @entity4293 -PCR negative in pb and in bm. Of the 4 @entity1 with metastatic relapses to the bone the samples of bm had been initially negative in all cases, the pb had been positive in 2 cases. Of the 9 @entity1 with local recurrences the pb alone had been positive in 4 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 had been negative in both the pb and the bm. During the period of observation there was no local and metastatic relapse detectable in the group of @entity1 with primary lymph node negative @entity0 . In summary the increased risk for local or systemic relapse would have been predictable by @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 alone in pb in 4 of the 9 local and in 2 of the 7 early metastatic relapses. Further follow-up of the @entity1 cohort analysed is needed to assess the value of the @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 as a prognostic and predictive marker in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Detection of disseminated carcinoma cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood in primary @entity0 with @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity4293 :: (5744,Gene) :: ['PTHrP']


abstract: The analysis of tissue specific gene expression by reverse transcription based @entity138 /PCR methods is currently evaluated as a method for the detection of @entity5 cell dissemination in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity0 tissues express @entity4293 and the level of @entity4293 expression in the primary @entity5 correlates with the incidence of @entity3 in the bone. We applied a @entity138 /PCR assay of @entity4293 to detect @entity5 cells in the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood (pb) and bone marrow (bm) of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 . @entity4293 positivity was found in 18/67 pb and 20/71 bm samples. In a median follow up of 23 months there were 7 metastatic relapses (4 osseous, 2 hepatic, 1 pulmonary) and 9 local relapses in @entity1 with primary lymph node positive @entity0 . The hepatic and pulmonary relapses had been both @entity4293 -PCR negative in pb and in bm. Of the 4 @entity1 with metastatic relapses to the bone the samples of bm had been initially negative in all cases, the pb had been positive in 2 cases. Of the 9 @entity1 with local recurrences the pb alone had been positive in 4 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 had been negative in both the pb and the bm. During the period of observation there was no local and metastatic relapse detectable in the group of @entity1 with primary lymph node negative @entity0 . In summary the increased risk for local or systemic relapse would have been predictable by @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 alone in pb in 4 of the 9 local and in 2 of the 7 early metastatic relapses. Further follow-up of the @entity1 cohort analysed is needed to assess the value of the @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 as a prognostic and predictive marker in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Detection of disseminated carcinoma cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood in primary XXXX with @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 ( @entity4293 )].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The analysis of tissue specific gene expression by reverse transcription based @entity138 /PCR methods is currently evaluated as a method for the detection of @entity5 cell dissemination in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity0 tissues express @entity4293 and the level of @entity4293 expression in the primary @entity5 correlates with the incidence of @entity3 in the bone. We applied a @entity138 /PCR assay of @entity4293 to detect @entity5 cells in the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood (pb) and bone marrow (bm) of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 . @entity4293 positivity was found in 18/67 pb and 20/71 bm samples. In a median follow up of 23 months there were 7 metastatic relapses (4 osseous, 2 hepatic, 1 pulmonary) and 9 local relapses in @entity1 with primary lymph node positive @entity0 . The hepatic and pulmonary relapses had been both @entity4293 -PCR negative in pb and in bm. Of the 4 @entity1 with metastatic relapses to the bone the samples of bm had been initially negative in all cases, the pb had been positive in 2 cases. Of the 9 @entity1 with local recurrences the pb alone had been positive in 4 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 had been negative in both the pb and the bm. During the period of observation there was no local and metastatic relapse detectable in the group of @entity1 with primary lymph node negative @entity0 . In summary the increased risk for local or systemic relapse would have been predictable by @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 alone in pb in 4 of the 9 local and in 2 of the 7 early metastatic relapses. Further follow-up of the @entity1 cohort analysed is needed to assess the value of the @entity138 /PCR of @entity4293 as a prognostic and predictive marker in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Detection of disseminated carcinoma cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood in primary @entity0 with XXXX /PCR of @entity4293 ( @entity4293 )].

answer: @entity138 :: (MESH:C563738,Disease) :: ['RT']


abstract: The loop-diuretic @entity17295 was used to study the influence of pharmacological donor pretreatment on immediate postischemic function in a @entity1707 model of kidney transplantation based on the results of a clinical pilot study [4]. Following laparotomy, both kidneys were flushed via a transaortal catheter with Eurocollins-solution and surgically removed. A cold ischemic period of 1 or 24 h was chosen. After that period, kidneys were reperfused with intraoperatively drawn heparinized blood for one hour. We used a special instrument for hemoperfusion of isolated organs which allows perfusion for several hours under steady-state conditions. Four groups were formed: Control and @entity17295 , 1 or 24 h @entity63 . The perfusion of @entity17295 -treated organs resulted in a lower perfusion-resistance, calculated as pressure/flow-ratio or as pressure/glomerular filtrationratio. The flow in the pretreated group was higher, thus excluding a higher shunt-volume. In parallel, @entity26 consumption as a parameter of postischemic function start and @entity1011 clearance were higher in the @entity17295 treated groups. The experiments demonstrate a superior postischemic function of pretreated kidneys in comparison to control organs after 1 and 24 hours of @entity63 in this model.

title: [Prevention of XXXX before @entity63 by pharmcologic donor conditioning--experimental findings].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cold ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity17295 :: ('MESH:C015451', 'Chemical') :: ['piretanide']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: The loop-diuretic @entity17295 was used to study the influence of pharmacological donor pretreatment on immediate postischemic function in a @entity1707 model of kidney transplantation based on the results of a clinical pilot study [4]. Following laparotomy, both kidneys were flushed via a transaortal catheter with Eurocollins-solution and surgically removed. A cold ischemic period of 1 or 24 h was chosen. After that period, kidneys were reperfused with intraoperatively drawn heparinized blood for one hour. We used a special instrument for hemoperfusion of isolated organs which allows perfusion for several hours under steady-state conditions. Four groups were formed: Control and @entity17295 , 1 or 24 h @entity63 . The perfusion of @entity17295 -treated organs resulted in a lower perfusion-resistance, calculated as pressure/flow-ratio or as pressure/glomerular filtrationratio. The flow in the pretreated group was higher, thus excluding a higher shunt-volume. In parallel, @entity26 consumption as a parameter of postischemic function start and @entity1011 clearance were higher in the @entity17295 treated groups. The experiments demonstrate a superior postischemic function of pretreated kidneys in comparison to control organs after 1 and 24 hours of @entity63 in this model.

title: [Prevention of @entity63 before XXXX by pharmcologic donor conditioning--experimental findings].

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['cold ischemia']


abstract: Our experience of deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus (GPi-DBS) for @entity3519 is summarized. A total of 5 @entity1 with @entity3520 underwent GPi-DBS. There were 3 males and 2 females. The age at onset of @entity3519 ranged from 8 to 45 years and the age at surgery for GPi-DBS ranged from 17 to 59 years. Two of the @entity1 had been treated previously by bilateral thalamotomy or unilateral pallidotomy at other clinics and then developed new symptoms or recurrence. All were stimulated bilaterally. No surgical complications were encountered. The symptoms of @entity3519 were scored by the Burke-Fahn-Marsden @entity3519 rating scale (BFMDRS). The scores ranged from 18 to 62 before surgery. An improvement in the symptoms of @entity3519 was observed soon after the initiation of GPi-DBS, and additional progressive improvement was noted during a period of months or even years after surgery. The score at 6 months after surgery reached a level ranging from 4 to 23. The improvement in score ranged from -51% to -92%. GPi-DBS produced a marked effect even in @entity1 who had previously undergone thalamotomy or pallidotomy. At 6 months after surgery, all @entity1 were receiving bipolar stimulation with a wide interpolar distance, using contact 0 or 1 as the cathode and contact 2 or 3 as the anode. Stimulation was being performed at an intensity of around 2.0 V with a pulse width of 0.21 ms at a high frequency ranging from 120 to 140 Hz. GPi-DBS represents an important therapeutic option in many @entity1 with @entity3520 .

title: Chronic stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary generalized dystonia']

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['primary generalized dystonia']


abstract: @entity699 in @entity308 has been extensively studied during the last three decades. The main hypothesis regarding origin and clinical relevance of this phenomenon, however, has changed significantly. Up to the mid-seventies @entity699 was conceived as consequence of stress modified by the degree of unconscious defense mechanisms in different forms of @entity308 or non- @entity308 @entity146 . At the end of the seventies this point of view changed considerably. @entity699 was regarded as a biological statemarker of the endogenous subtype of @entity308 with clinical differential-diagnostic relevance. An abnormal @entity619 suppression test (DST) was assumed to be the best indication of increased activation of the @entity701 system. These conclusions turned out to be wrong. DST results are not specific for @entity308 and the test seems to be of limited value for measuring the function of the @entity2270 . Intervening variables, such as @entity353 , drug and @entity167 withdrawal or situational stress, influence the test results significantly, independent of the nosological classification. Additionally, interindividual differences in the susceptibility of the @entity2270 may decisively influence the the activation of the @entity2270 as well in healthy subjects under stress as in @entity146 @entity1 .

title: Past and present strategies of research on the XXXX in psychiatry.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['melancholia', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercortisolism', 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['HPA-axis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents and young adults with uncomplicated @entity302 and to compare it with a random sample of the general population. METHODS: Young @entity1 , aged 13-22 years, meeting the criteria and registered in four Swedish hospitals answered questionnaires (n = 158/193) on HRQOL together with 282 (n = 282/390) random controls living in the same areas in Sweden. The instruments used were "I think I am," "Youth Self Report," "Sense of coherence," and "Family APGAR." Data were analyzed by using factorial analysis of variance. RESULTS: @entity1 had a poorer HRQOL than @entity1 . The @entity302 group reported lower competence (i.e., they were less active, had lower social competence and poorer school achievement). Both groups had an overall positive self-esteem. Differences between @entity1 in the @entity302 and control groups were small, whereas differences among @entity1 were more evident. Older age was related to poorer HRQOL in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study points out the importance of being observant of signs of stigmatization in adolescents with @entity302 .

title: Health-related quality of life in youth: a comparison between adolescents and young adults with uncomplicated XXXX and healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'people', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is characterized by a high proliferation index and marked propensity for local invasion resulting in poor prognosis for these @entity1 . To develop @entity5 -targeted novel therapeutic agents, here we demonstrate that @entity213 cell lines express receptors for an immune regulatory cytokine, @entity4047 . By reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), we found that 16 @entity213 cell lines express equally strong RT-PCR positive bands for mRNA of IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9597 chains. However, only three cell lines, HN12, YCUM911, and KCCT873, expressed a strong band for transcripts for @entity9596 chain and five cell lines, YCUL891, KCCTC871, KCCL871, KCCTCM901, and RPMI 2650 expressed faint bands. Transcripts for IL-2Rgamma(c) chain were absent in all of the cell lines tested. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis for four different receptor chains confirmed RT-PCR results and showed pronounced expression of @entity9596 protein in three high @entity9596 expressing cell lines. All of the cell lines were equally positive for IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9597 chains. Receptor-binding studies demonstrated that @entity9596 -positive cell lines expressed a high density of @entity4047 receptors. Using two chimeric proteins composed of @entity4047 and mutated forms of Pseudomonas exotoxin ( @entity4047 -PE38 or @entity4047 -PE38QQR), we found that these two fusion toxins were highly and equally cytotoxic to @entity9596 -positive @entity213 , whereas @entity9596 -negative cell lines showed low or no sensitivity to @entity4047 toxins. To additionally substantiate the critical role of the @entity9596 chain in @entity9596 -mediated @entity137 , two @entity135 cell lines (YCUMS861 and KB), devoid of the transcripts of this chain, were transfected with @entity9596 cDNA and then tested for @entity137 . Transient transfection of the @entity9596 chain highly sensitized these cells to @entity4047 toxin as compared with mock-transfected control cells. Thus, our results indicate that @entity9596 is present in 50% @entity213 cell lines; of these, 19% are high expresser for this chain and respond to @entity4047 cytotoxin. Thus, @entity4047 cytotoxin may be a useful agent for high @entity9596 -expressing @entity213 .

title: Heterogeneity in @entity4047 receptor expression and subunit structure in squamous cell carcinoma of XXXX : differential sensitivity to chimeric fusion proteins comprised of @entity4047 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumor']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['SCCHN tumor', 'Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is characterized by a high proliferation index and marked propensity for local invasion resulting in poor prognosis for these @entity1 . To develop @entity5 -targeted novel therapeutic agents, here we demonstrate that @entity213 cell lines express receptors for an immune regulatory cytokine, @entity4047 . By reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), we found that 16 @entity213 cell lines express equally strong RT-PCR positive bands for mRNA of IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9597 chains. However, only three cell lines, HN12, YCUM911, and KCCT873, expressed a strong band for transcripts for @entity9596 chain and five cell lines, YCUL891, KCCTC871, KCCL871, KCCTCM901, and RPMI 2650 expressed faint bands. Transcripts for IL-2Rgamma(c) chain were absent in all of the cell lines tested. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis for four different receptor chains confirmed RT-PCR results and showed pronounced expression of @entity9596 protein in three high @entity9596 expressing cell lines. All of the cell lines were equally positive for IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9597 chains. Receptor-binding studies demonstrated that @entity9596 -positive cell lines expressed a high density of @entity4047 receptors. Using two chimeric proteins composed of @entity4047 and mutated forms of Pseudomonas exotoxin ( @entity4047 -PE38 or @entity4047 -PE38QQR), we found that these two fusion toxins were highly and equally cytotoxic to @entity9596 -positive @entity213 , whereas @entity9596 -negative cell lines showed low or no sensitivity to @entity4047 toxins. To additionally substantiate the critical role of the @entity9596 chain in @entity9596 -mediated @entity137 , two @entity135 cell lines (YCUMS861 and KB), devoid of the transcripts of this chain, were transfected with @entity9596 cDNA and then tested for @entity137 . Transient transfection of the @entity9596 chain highly sensitized these cells to @entity4047 toxin as compared with mock-transfected control cells. Thus, our results indicate that @entity9596 is present in 50% @entity213 cell lines; of these, 19% are high expresser for this chain and respond to @entity4047 cytotoxin. Thus, @entity4047 cytotoxin may be a useful agent for high @entity9596 -expressing @entity213 .

title: Heterogeneity in XXXX receptor expression and subunit structure in squamous cell carcinoma of @entity135 : differential sensitivity to chimeric fusion proteins comprised of @entity4047 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.

answer: @entity4047 :: (3596,Gene) :: ['interleukin-13']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is characterized by a high proliferation index and marked propensity for local invasion resulting in poor prognosis for these @entity1 . To develop @entity5 -targeted novel therapeutic agents, here we demonstrate that @entity213 cell lines express receptors for an immune regulatory cytokine, @entity4047 . By reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), we found that 16 @entity213 cell lines express equally strong RT-PCR positive bands for mRNA of IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9597 chains. However, only three cell lines, HN12, YCUM911, and KCCT873, expressed a strong band for transcripts for @entity9596 chain and five cell lines, YCUL891, KCCTC871, KCCL871, KCCTCM901, and RPMI 2650 expressed faint bands. Transcripts for IL-2Rgamma(c) chain were absent in all of the cell lines tested. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis for four different receptor chains confirmed RT-PCR results and showed pronounced expression of @entity9596 protein in three high @entity9596 expressing cell lines. All of the cell lines were equally positive for IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9597 chains. Receptor-binding studies demonstrated that @entity9596 -positive cell lines expressed a high density of @entity4047 receptors. Using two chimeric proteins composed of @entity4047 and mutated forms of Pseudomonas exotoxin ( @entity4047 -PE38 or @entity4047 -PE38QQR), we found that these two fusion toxins were highly and equally cytotoxic to @entity9596 -positive @entity213 , whereas @entity9596 -negative cell lines showed low or no sensitivity to @entity4047 toxins. To additionally substantiate the critical role of the @entity9596 chain in @entity9596 -mediated @entity137 , two @entity135 cell lines (YCUMS861 and KB), devoid of the transcripts of this chain, were transfected with @entity9596 cDNA and then tested for @entity137 . Transient transfection of the @entity9596 chain highly sensitized these cells to @entity4047 toxin as compared with mock-transfected control cells. Thus, our results indicate that @entity9596 is present in 50% @entity213 cell lines; of these, 19% are high expresser for this chain and respond to @entity4047 cytotoxin. Thus, @entity4047 cytotoxin may be a useful agent for high @entity9596 -expressing @entity213 .

title: Heterogeneity in @entity4047 receptor expression and subunit structure in squamous cell carcinoma of @entity135 : differential sensitivity to chimeric fusion proteins comprised of XXXX and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.

answer: @entity4047 :: (3596,Gene) :: ['interleukin-13']


abstract: Oral @entity2177 was used at doses ranging from 500 mg to 1500 mg twice daily for 15 to 476 (mean 139) days for treatment of @entity4432 in 38 @entity1 , and acute @entity625 in two. Clinical efficacy could be evaluated in 34 @entity1 ; 22 had resolution of their @entity4034 , five improved and there were seven failures. @entity796 was the causative agent in 28 @entity1 . It was eradicated in 22 @entity1 , persisted but remained sensitive to @entity2177 in three and persisted with emergence of resistance to @entity2177 in three. Nineteen other pathogens, five Gram-negative and 14 Gram-positive, were isolated. Of those, one strain of @entity794 , two of Staph. epidermidis and three of @entity797 remained sensitive to @entity2177 during treatment. In one @entity1 , Slr. faecalis persisted with emergence of resistance to @entity2177 . Ten adverse events related to @entity2177 treatment were observed in nine @entity1 ; two @entity6337 , two cases of @entity227 , and one each of @entity1910 , @entity490 , malaise, @entity221 , @entity1897 and @entity1712 . In three @entity1 the adverse events led to treatment discontinuation. In conclusion, @entity2177 seems to offer an oral alternative to injectible antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity4034 caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Ps. aeruginosa.

title: Therapy of acute and chronic gram-negative XXXX with @entity2177 . Report from a Swedish Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired colour vision']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic reactions']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['drug fever']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: Oral @entity2177 was used at doses ranging from 500 mg to 1500 mg twice daily for 15 to 476 (mean 139) days for treatment of @entity4432 in 38 @entity1 , and acute @entity625 in two. Clinical efficacy could be evaluated in 34 @entity1 ; 22 had resolution of their @entity4034 , five improved and there were seven failures. @entity796 was the causative agent in 28 @entity1 . It was eradicated in 22 @entity1 , persisted but remained sensitive to @entity2177 in three and persisted with emergence of resistance to @entity2177 in three. Nineteen other pathogens, five Gram-negative and 14 Gram-positive, were isolated. Of those, one strain of @entity794 , two of Staph. epidermidis and three of @entity797 remained sensitive to @entity2177 during treatment. In one @entity1 , Slr. faecalis persisted with emergence of resistance to @entity2177 . Ten adverse events related to @entity2177 treatment were observed in nine @entity1 ; two @entity6337 , two cases of @entity227 , and one each of @entity1910 , @entity490 , malaise, @entity221 , @entity1897 and @entity1712 . In three @entity1 the adverse events led to treatment discontinuation. In conclusion, @entity2177 seems to offer an oral alternative to injectible antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity4034 caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Ps. aeruginosa.

title: Therapy of acute and chronic gram-negative @entity4034 with XXXX . Report from a Swedish Study Group.

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: One factor that can strongly influence predicted free energy of binding is the ionization state of functional groups on the ligands and at the binding site at which calculations are performed. This analysis is seldom performed except in very detailed computational simulations. In this work, we address the issues of (i) modeling the complexity resulting from the different ionization states of ligand and protein residues involved in binding, (ii) if, and how, computational methods can evaluate the pH dependence of ligand inhibition constants, and (iii) how to score the protonation-dependent models. We developed a new and fairly rapid protocol called "computational titration" that enables parallel modeling of multiple ionization ensembles for each distinct protonation level. Models for possible protonation combinations for site/ligand ionizable groups are built, and the free energy of interaction for each of them is quantified by the @entity13997 ( @entity13997 ) software. We applied this procedure to the evaluation of the binding affinity of nine inhibitors (six derived from @entity44417 , @entity108 ) of @entity683 virus @entity689 (NA), a surface glycoprotein essential for virus replication and thus a pharmaceutically relevant target for the design of anti- @entity683 drugs. The three-dimensional structures of the NA enzyme-inhibitor complexes indicate considerable complexity as the ligand-protein recognition site contains several ionizable moieties. Each computational titration experiment reveals a peak @entity13997 score as a function of added protons. This maximum @entity13997 score indicates the optimum pH (or the optimum protonation state of each inhibitor-protein binding site) for binding. The pH at which inhibition is measured and/or crystals were grown and analyzed can vary from this optimum. A protonation model is proposed for each ligand that reconciles the experimental complex structure with measured inhibition and the free energy of binding. Computational titration methods allow us to analyze the effect of pH in silico and may be helpful in improving ligand binding free energy prediction when protonation or deprotonation of the residues or ligand functional groups at the binding site might be significant.

title: Simple, intuitive calculations of free energy of binding for protein-ligand complexes. 2. Computational titration and pH effects in molecular models of XXXX -inhibitor complexes.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity13997 :: ('MESH:C563663', 'Disease') :: ['Hydropathic INTeractions', 'HINT']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity44417 :: ('MESH:C036137', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-didehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid']

answer: @entity689 :: (4758,Gene) :: ['neuraminidase']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous reports have shown that oral @entity369 ( @entity534 ) has immune-enhancing properties in injury. However, the effects of parenterally infused @entity534 on @entity295 are not well understood. We used a septic @entity35 model to study @entity534 infusion in inflammatory-related cytokines and blood T lymphocyte population in vivo. METHODS: @entity35 with internal jugular catheters were assigned to one of two groups. Both groups received isonitrogenous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) supplemented with 270 mg of @entity1568 per kilogram per day as @entity534 or @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ). TPN provided 270 kcal/kg of body weight, and the kilocalorie: @entity1568 ratio was 143:1. TPN was maintained for 5 d plus 2, 4, or 6 h or 6 d, according to the scheduled deaths of the @entity35 . On day 5, @entity295 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). After CLP for 2, 4, 6, and 24 @entity5698 were killed. RESULTS: The results showed that interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in peritoneal lavage fluid at 6 h and @entity568 levels at 24 h after CLP in the @entity4022 group were significantly higher than those in the @entity534 group. The T-lymphocyte population in blood showed that CD8(+) suppressor T-cell number was significantly higher in the @entity4022 group than in the @entity534 group at 6 h after CLP. The blood @entity11264 (+):CD8(+) ratio was significantly higher in the @entity534 group than in the @entity4022 group at 24 h after CLP. A negative @entity1568 balance was observed in the @entity534 and @entity4022 groups after CLP; there was no significant difference in @entity1568 balance between the septic groups. No difference in survival rate at 24 h after CLP was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that, compared with the @entity4022 group, @entity8856 preinfused with @entity534 reduces the production of inflammatory mediators at the site of injury and that cellular immunity is enhanced at 24 h after CLP. Parenterally administered @entity534 had no beneficial effect in preventing @entity1568 loss and improving survival in septic @entity35 . Whether @entity4022 has specific effects that reduce the effects of @entity534 require further investigation.

title: Effects of XXXX -enriched total parenteral nutrition on inflammatory-related mediator and T-cell population in septic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous reports have shown that oral @entity369 ( @entity534 ) has immune-enhancing properties in injury. However, the effects of parenterally infused @entity534 on @entity295 are not well understood. We used a septic @entity35 model to study @entity534 infusion in inflammatory-related cytokines and blood T lymphocyte population in vivo. METHODS: @entity35 with internal jugular catheters were assigned to one of two groups. Both groups received isonitrogenous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) supplemented with 270 mg of @entity1568 per kilogram per day as @entity534 or @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ). TPN provided 270 kcal/kg of body weight, and the kilocalorie: @entity1568 ratio was 143:1. TPN was maintained for 5 d plus 2, 4, or 6 h or 6 d, according to the scheduled deaths of the @entity35 . On day 5, @entity295 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). After CLP for 2, 4, 6, and 24 @entity5698 were killed. RESULTS: The results showed that interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in peritoneal lavage fluid at 6 h and @entity568 levels at 24 h after CLP in the @entity4022 group were significantly higher than those in the @entity534 group. The T-lymphocyte population in blood showed that CD8(+) suppressor T-cell number was significantly higher in the @entity4022 group than in the @entity534 group at 6 h after CLP. The blood @entity11264 (+):CD8(+) ratio was significantly higher in the @entity534 group than in the @entity4022 group at 24 h after CLP. A negative @entity1568 balance was observed in the @entity534 and @entity4022 groups after CLP; there was no significant difference in @entity1568 balance between the septic groups. No difference in survival rate at 24 h after CLP was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that, compared with the @entity4022 group, @entity8856 preinfused with @entity534 reduces the production of inflammatory mediators at the site of injury and that cellular immunity is enhanced at 24 h after CLP. Parenterally administered @entity534 had no beneficial effect in preventing @entity1568 loss and improving survival in septic @entity35 . Whether @entity4022 has specific effects that reduce the effects of @entity534 require further investigation.

title: Effects of @entity369 -enriched total parenteral nutrition on inflammatory-related mediator and T-cell population in septic XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential benefit and risks of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of @entity1377 . DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : Five @entity1 with solitary @entity8702 on the temporal portion of the optic nerve presenting with exudative decompensation and decrease in visual acuity (VA). METHODS: All eyes received a standardized PDT treatment with 6 mg/kg body surface area verteporfin and application of 100 J/cm(2) light at 692 nm. One to three PDT courses were performed until resolution of exudation was achieved. A continuous follow-up was provided with documentation 1 week before and at 4 to 6 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after the last treatment application. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional parameters included best-refracted VA (Early Treatment @entity6 Study), and central scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) scotometry and peripheral (automated perimetry) visual fields; anatomic parameters were presence of @entity1829 or @entity1713 (ophthalmoscopy) and @entity5 size (ultrasonography). RESULTS: Pretreatment VA levels ranged from 20/40 to 20/800; posttreatment levels ranged from 20/64 to 20/2000. Tumor regression with resolution of macular exudate and @entity1713 was obtained in all eyes. A decline in VA of 1, 3, and 10 lines, respectively, was documented in three @entity1 . Complications included transient decompensation of vascular permeability, occlusion of retinal vessels, and @entity63 of the optic nerve. CONCLUSIONS: PDT is successful in reducing @entity5 size and exudative activity. Vaso-occlusive effects at the level of the retina and optic nerve compromise the functional benefit. Parameters proven safe in @entity1940 may be inappropriate in retinal capillary lesions of the optic nerve.

title: Benefits and complications of photodynamic therapy of papillary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary capillary hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous detachment', 'serous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['retinal edema']

answer: @entity8702 :: (MESH:D018324,Disease) :: ['capillary hemangiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare optic disc topography and nerve fiber layer thickness in @entity2790 and normal subjects. DESIGN: Prospective, case-controlled study. @entity1 AND CONTROLS: One eye in each of 20 normal and 27 ocular @entity101 @entity1 was enrolled. METHODS: Consecutive normal and ocular @entity101 @entity1 were enrolled. Each @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmic examination, achromatic automated perimetry, short-wavelength automated perimetry, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, confocal scanning laser polarimetry, and optical coherence tomography. The intraocular pressure was 21 mmHg or less for normal subjects and at least 25 mmHg on two separate occasions in @entity2790 . Structural parameters were compared between the two groups. Eyes with evidence of @entity1781 , @entity227 , or evidence of focal @entity227 during short-wavelength automated perimetry were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Optic nerve head topography and nerve fiber layer thickness. RESULTS: The three imaging technologies could not detect differences in optic disc or nerve fiber layer anatomy between the two groups. Ocular @entity101 eyes had a greater corrected pattern standard deviation than normal eyes during short-wavelength automated perimetry (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular @entity101 eyes with normal achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry could not be distinguished from normal subjects with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, confocal scanning laser polarimetry, and optical coherence tomography.

title: Assessment of optic disc anatomy and nerve fiber layer thickness in ocular XXXX subjects with normal short-wavelength automated perimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['achromatic visual field loss', 'visual field injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertensive eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Leukocytes are recruited from peripheral blood into milk as part of the inflammatory response to @entity1271 . However, excessive accumulation of inflammatory cells alters the quality of milk and the proteases produced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages may lead to mammary tissue damage. To investigate PMN recruitment and the kinetics of their intracytoplasmic enzymes in @entity32 , we generated @entity1271 in six @entity291 by intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Clinical signs of acute @entity1271 were observed in all of the @entity291 , and normal status was resumed by 316 h. Intracytoplasmic elastase, collagenase, and cathepsin activities were measured within live cells by flow cytometry in peripheral blood leukocytes and milk PMNs before and during the inflammatory process (at 10 time points between 4 and 316 h). The proportion of immature PMNs was appreciated by @entity70931 surface labeling measured in flow cytometry. @entity1431 was observed in the peripheral blood 4 h postinfusion, concomitant to an increase in somatic cell counts in milk. @entity70931 (+) PMNs were preferentially recruited from the peripheral blood to milk. Enzymatic activities were detected in PMNs, lymphocytes, and monocytes at levels depending on the cell type, sample nature, and time of collection. Milk PMNs had lower enzymatic activities than peripheral blood PMNs. This study showed that milk PMNs recruited during LPS-induced experimental @entity1271 have an immature phenotype and significantly lower enzymatic activities than peripheral blood PMNs. This suggests that @entity70931 , an adhesion molecule, may be involved in the egress from blood to milk and that the enzymatic contents of PMNs are partly used during this process.

title: Enzymatic activities of XXXX peripheral blood leukocytes and milk polymorphonuclear neutrophils during intramammary @entity32 caused by lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Leukocytes are recruited from peripheral blood into milk as part of the inflammatory response to @entity1271 . However, excessive accumulation of inflammatory cells alters the quality of milk and the proteases produced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages may lead to mammary tissue damage. To investigate PMN recruitment and the kinetics of their intracytoplasmic enzymes in @entity32 , we generated @entity1271 in six @entity291 by intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Clinical signs of acute @entity1271 were observed in all of the @entity291 , and normal status was resumed by 316 h. Intracytoplasmic elastase, collagenase, and cathepsin activities were measured within live cells by flow cytometry in peripheral blood leukocytes and milk PMNs before and during the inflammatory process (at 10 time points between 4 and 316 h). The proportion of immature PMNs was appreciated by @entity70931 surface labeling measured in flow cytometry. @entity1431 was observed in the peripheral blood 4 h postinfusion, concomitant to an increase in somatic cell counts in milk. @entity70931 (+) PMNs were preferentially recruited from the peripheral blood to milk. Enzymatic activities were detected in PMNs, lymphocytes, and monocytes at levels depending on the cell type, sample nature, and time of collection. Milk PMNs had lower enzymatic activities than peripheral blood PMNs. This study showed that milk PMNs recruited during LPS-induced experimental @entity1271 have an immature phenotype and significantly lower enzymatic activities than peripheral blood PMNs. This suggests that @entity70931 , an adhesion molecule, may be involved in the egress from blood to milk and that the enzymatic contents of PMNs are partly used during this process.

title: Enzymatic activities of @entity291 peripheral blood leukocytes and milk polymorphonuclear neutrophils during intramammary XXXX caused by lipopolysaccharide.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intestinal microflora provide a strong defence against intestinal pathogens, and may be altered in inflammatory conditions that impact the gut, such as @entity46 . Therefore, intestinal bacteria shed from @entity2608 with @entity46 were compared with age-matched healthy controls. A second study assessed the prevalence of @entity32 in female monkeys to determine whether @entity46 is associated with an increased likelihood of @entity32 . METHODS: Differential and selective agars were used to enumerate total and Gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, as well as Lactobacilli, from female monkeys with or without @entity46 . In addition, the prevalence of @entity32 in monkeys with or without @entity46 was determined in a retrospective analysis of necropsy reports. RESULTS: Monkeys with @entity46 had a significantly different profile of shed microflora. Endometriosis was associated with lower Lactobacilli concentrations and higher Gram-negative bacteria concentrations. Moreover, there was a higher prevalence of @entity32 in monkeys with @entity46 in comparison to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis is associated with an altered profile of intestinal microflora in @entity2608 . Although the exact mechanisms linking @entity46 and the microflora are unknown, it is possible that the microflora were affected by @entity32 .

title: Endometriosis is associated with an altered profile of intestinal microflora in female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal inflammation', 'endometriosis-associated intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes following venous ligation for the treatment of @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) with leptomeningeal or cortical venous drainage. The authors conducted a single-centre, retrospective study of 15 @entity1 with @entity2457 treated consecutively between 1990 and 2000. There were eight female @entity1 of mean age 60 years (range 36-71). Eight @entity1 presented with @entity548 , two with mass affect, two with @entity10 , one with @entity410 and two @entity1 were asymptomatic. Four @entity292 were located in the petrosal region, three at the torcula, three in the transverse sigmoid region, three in the parasagittal region and two at the foramen magnum. Leptomeningeal or cortical veins drained all @entity2457 . Eight @entity1 underwent preoperative embolization of the arterial feeders. @entity1211 resulted in obliteration of all @entity292 confirmed by direct visualization of the thrombosed veins and/or radiographic follow up. Mean follow up period was 37 months with a range of 1-112 months. All symptomatic @entity1 improved and there was no surgical morbidity. These results indicated that venous ligation to obliterate @entity2457 with leptomeningeal or cortical drainage is safe and effective. With appropriate neuroradiological diagnosis and preoperative neuroendovascular intervention, this technique resulted in obliteration of @entity2457 in 15 @entity1 without significant morbidity.

title: XXXX of dural arteriovenous fistulae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVF']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous ligation']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous ligation']


abstract: Complications related to @entity661 pumping (IABP) remain a problem despite the development of small caliber balloon catheter shafts and introducer sheaths. The authors report their experience in counterpulsation-related complications of 201 consecutive @entity1 who underwent 212 percutaneous counterpulsation balloon insertions from June 1989 to June 1996 by use of balloons with 8-9.5 French shafts. Of these, 82% were @entity1 and 36 (18%) were @entity1 , with a mean age of 61 +/-12 years. Indications for counterpulsation were @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (67%), severe @entity1002 without @entity583 (20%), @entity384 (4%), @entity1459 (3%), high-risk supported percutaneous coronary angioplasty (2%), and others (4%). IABP was instituted at the bedside in the intensive care unit in 82 @entity1 (39%) and in the catheterization laboratory in 130 (61%). Median duration of counterpulsation was 48 hours (range 30 minutes to 25 days) with successful weaning from counterpulsation in 70% (148 of 212) of procedures. Overall in-hospital mortality rate was 45% (90 of 201). The overall complication rate was 22/212 (10.4%). Major complications were present in 10/212 procedures (4.7%): 6 @entity1 with @entity63 (1 death directly attributed to this complication, 1 with associated @entity295 and limb amputation, 3 requiring surgical thromboembolectomy, and 1 with persistent @entity63 treated medically until his death caused by intractable @entity1002 ), 2 with important @entity548 (1 fatal despite vascular surgical repair and 1 requiring blood transfusion) and 2 with @entity397 requiring vascular surgery. Minor complications were present in 12 procedures (5.7%), 6 with @entity63 , 3 with @entity548 , and 3 with @entity409 . All of these resolved after balloon removal and required no further intervention. When @entity63 did develop it occurred after a median delay of 24 hours following balloon insertion (range 2 to 98 hours). The only predictor of @entity63 among baseline clinical and procedure-related variables was an age greater than 60 years. Compared with previous recent studies, the rate of complications observed in this study performed with small balloon catheters was acceptably low. @entity63 was the most frequent complication, often occurred early, and required further intervention in half the cases.

title: In-hospital complications of percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['local bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Limb ischemia', 'limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['catheter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['balloon rupture']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['intraaortic balloon counterpulsation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['intraaortic balloon counterpulsation']


abstract: @entity2600 , a @entity9800 analogue, is a specific DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, with activity in @entity5 cell lines with MDR expression. @entity2600 has a broad spectrum of activity in solid @entity5 (especially in @entity14 ). Early reports have shown that @entity2600 could be active in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) with low-dose schedules. To further evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2600 in @entity1 with refractory or relapsed NHLs, we conducted a phase II trial with escalated doses. @entity1 AND THERAPY: From 04/98 to 05/01, 28 @entity1 with @entity1893 were enrolled. @entity1 CHARACTERISTICS: M/F 21/7; median age: 56 years (range 28-72); Ann Arbor stage at the time of the study I/II and III/IV in 6 and 21 @entity1 , respectively. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity66 when they were enrolled in this phase II study and 8 @entity1 were previously treated with high-dose therapy and stem-cell transplantation. @entity2600 was administrated at the doses of 350 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Six courses were given in @entity1 who achieved CR, PR or stable disease. @entity1 were evaluated every 2 courses. If no grade II or more @entity137 was observed after the first course, escalated dose (500 mg/m2) was then undertaken. RESULTS: 19/28 @entity1 received more than 2 courses of @entity2600 and were evaluated for response. Nine @entity1 received one course of therapy because of either @entity74 (n = 6), @entity137 (n = 2) or refusal (n = 1). Ten @entity1 received escalated dose (500 mg/m2). Complete remission and partial was achieved in 2/19 @entity1 , stable disease in 7/19, and @entity74 in 10/19 @entity1 . Median duration of responses was short (3 months, range 1-8 months). Seventy-five courses were evaluated for @entity137 according to the WHO criteria. @entity294 grade 2 or 3 occurred in 9/75 courses; cholinergic syndrome grade 2 in 3/75 courses; @entity390 grade 3 in 7/75 courses. @entity1503 : @entity1210 grade 3 or 4 in 21/75 courses; @entity882 grade 3 in 8/75 courses; infectious episodes grade 2 or 3 in 7/75 courses. In 2/7 courses with escalated doses, grade I/IV @entity1398 occurred withoutother major @entity137 . CONCLUSION: @entity2600 has low activity in heavily pretreated NHLs. Responses were of short duration.

title: Phase II trial of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) in relapsed or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, gastric and small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: @entity2600 , a @entity9800 analogue, is a specific DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, with activity in @entity5 cell lines with MDR expression. @entity2600 has a broad spectrum of activity in solid @entity5 (especially in @entity14 ). Early reports have shown that @entity2600 could be active in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) with low-dose schedules. To further evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2600 in @entity1 with refractory or relapsed NHLs, we conducted a phase II trial with escalated doses. @entity1 AND THERAPY: From 04/98 to 05/01, 28 @entity1 with @entity1893 were enrolled. @entity1 CHARACTERISTICS: M/F 21/7; median age: 56 years (range 28-72); Ann Arbor stage at the time of the study I/II and III/IV in 6 and 21 @entity1 , respectively. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity66 when they were enrolled in this phase II study and 8 @entity1 were previously treated with high-dose therapy and stem-cell transplantation. @entity2600 was administrated at the doses of 350 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Six courses were given in @entity1 who achieved CR, PR or stable disease. @entity1 were evaluated every 2 courses. If no grade II or more @entity137 was observed after the first course, escalated dose (500 mg/m2) was then undertaken. RESULTS: 19/28 @entity1 received more than 2 courses of @entity2600 and were evaluated for response. Nine @entity1 received one course of therapy because of either @entity74 (n = 6), @entity137 (n = 2) or refusal (n = 1). Ten @entity1 received escalated dose (500 mg/m2). Complete remission and partial was achieved in 2/19 @entity1 , stable disease in 7/19, and @entity74 in 10/19 @entity1 . Median duration of responses was short (3 months, range 1-8 months). Seventy-five courses were evaluated for @entity137 according to the WHO criteria. @entity294 grade 2 or 3 occurred in 9/75 courses; cholinergic syndrome grade 2 in 3/75 courses; @entity390 grade 3 in 7/75 courses. @entity1503 : @entity1210 grade 3 or 4 in 21/75 courses; @entity882 grade 3 in 8/75 courses; infectious episodes grade 2 or 3 in 7/75 courses. In 2/7 courses with escalated doses, grade I/IV @entity1398 occurred withoutother major @entity137 . CONCLUSION: @entity2600 has low activity in heavily pretreated NHLs. Responses were of short duration.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX ( @entity2600 ) in relapsed or @entity1893 .

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: @entity2600 , a @entity9800 analogue, is a specific DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, with activity in @entity5 cell lines with MDR expression. @entity2600 has a broad spectrum of activity in solid @entity5 (especially in @entity14 ). Early reports have shown that @entity2600 could be active in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) with low-dose schedules. To further evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2600 in @entity1 with refractory or relapsed NHLs, we conducted a phase II trial with escalated doses. @entity1 AND THERAPY: From 04/98 to 05/01, 28 @entity1 with @entity1893 were enrolled. @entity1 CHARACTERISTICS: M/F 21/7; median age: 56 years (range 28-72); Ann Arbor stage at the time of the study I/II and III/IV in 6 and 21 @entity1 , respectively. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity66 when they were enrolled in this phase II study and 8 @entity1 were previously treated with high-dose therapy and stem-cell transplantation. @entity2600 was administrated at the doses of 350 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Six courses were given in @entity1 who achieved CR, PR or stable disease. @entity1 were evaluated every 2 courses. If no grade II or more @entity137 was observed after the first course, escalated dose (500 mg/m2) was then undertaken. RESULTS: 19/28 @entity1 received more than 2 courses of @entity2600 and were evaluated for response. Nine @entity1 received one course of therapy because of either @entity74 (n = 6), @entity137 (n = 2) or refusal (n = 1). Ten @entity1 received escalated dose (500 mg/m2). Complete remission and partial was achieved in 2/19 @entity1 , stable disease in 7/19, and @entity74 in 10/19 @entity1 . Median duration of responses was short (3 months, range 1-8 months). Seventy-five courses were evaluated for @entity137 according to the WHO criteria. @entity294 grade 2 or 3 occurred in 9/75 courses; cholinergic syndrome grade 2 in 3/75 courses; @entity390 grade 3 in 7/75 courses. @entity1503 : @entity1210 grade 3 or 4 in 21/75 courses; @entity882 grade 3 in 8/75 courses; infectious episodes grade 2 or 3 in 7/75 courses. In 2/7 courses with escalated doses, grade I/IV @entity1398 occurred withoutother major @entity137 . CONCLUSION: @entity2600 has low activity in heavily pretreated NHLs. Responses were of short duration.

title: Phase II trial of @entity2600 ( XXXX ) in relapsed or @entity1893 .

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['CPT-11']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review relevant literature supporting the use of antihypertensive agents, lipid-lowering agents (i.e., statins), and @entity117 therapy for the primary prevention of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in an elderly @entity1 population (age >or=65 y). DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1988-January 2003) was conducted. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Primary and tertiary literature involving the uses of antihypertensives, statins, and @entity117 therapy in the elderly were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Mortality due to @entity301 in the US population has decreased 40-50% over the last 30 years; however, @entity301 remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly @entity1 . As the population continues to age, the number of older adults eligible for primary prevention will rise. The American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines for the primary prevention of @entity301 were updated in 2002; however, they are based on findings from clinical trials that enrolled predominantly middle-aged white @entity1 . The recommendations for elderly individuals are predominantly extrapolated from subgroup analyses of randomized clinical trials or cohort studies. This literature suggests that elderly @entity1 are candidates for primary prevention measures and experience reductions in coronary events when treated with appropriate therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that use of antihypertensives, statins, and @entity117 therapy in the elderly appears effective to an extent similar to, and often greater than, that observed in younger @entity1 . We believe these agents should be prescribed to all appropriate high-risk elderly @entity1 . Ongoing and future studies will more clearly elucidate the benefits of primary prevention therapy, particularly in @entity1 >or=75 years of age.

title: Primary prevention of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety, efficacy, and results of the early treatment of @entity1 with @entity91 using minimally invasive endoscopic strip craniectomies and postoperative helmet molding therapy. METHODS: A total of 100 @entity1 with documented diagnosis of @entity91 were prospectively studied and treated with endoscopic strip craniectomies. A total of 106 stenosed sutures were operated on with the following distribution: 61 sagittal, 23 coronal, 18 metopic, and 4 lambdoid sutures. Sixty-three @entity1 were treated under 16 weeks of age. After surgery, all @entity1 were treated with custom-made molding helmets for up to 7 months. Follow-up ranged between 4 months and 50 months. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent the surgical procedures successfully and without complications. The mean surgical operative time was 52.7 minutes. The mean estimated @entity190 was 26.2 mL; only 1 @entity1 underwent intraoperative blood transfusion, and 10 @entity1 had a non- life-threatening postoperative blood transfusion. All but 3 @entity1 were discharged on the first postoperative day. There were no infections, dural sinus tears, @entity5173 , or @entity16 , and there were no significant complications related to the use of helmet therapy. Most @entity1 have achieved or are in the process of reaching normalization of their @entity2122 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the early treatment of @entity91 with minimally invasive endoscopic strip craniectomies is a safe, efficacious, and valuable therapeutic alternative to the current extensive surgical treatment modalities. The significantly less @entity190 , need for blood transfusions, and length of stay and decreased costs make this procedure an excellent early option for treating @entity1 who present with @entity91 .

title: Early management of XXXX using endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomies and cranial orthotic molding therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial deformities']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injuries']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leaks']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The conduction system in right @entity4032 may be complicated by the presence of paired sinus nodes and twin atrioventricular nodes. With a large cohort of @entity1 and @entity1 with right @entity4032 , we sought to investigate the nature of atrial rhythm, its prevalence, factors predisposing @entity1 to symptomatic @entity943 , and the relation of @entity943 to long-term morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Standard 12-lead baseline electrocardiograms were performed in 110 @entity1 and @entity1 with right @entity4032 at a median age of 1 day, and their clinical records were reviewed. The type, timing, and precipitating factors of symptomatic @entity943 that occurred in 15 @entity1 , among a cohort of 85 @entity1 who had or were awaiting surgical interventions, were noted. RESULTS: All @entity1 except 1 had a sinus rhythm with intact atrioventricular conduction. Of these, 87% (95/109) had single P-wave morphology, whereas 13% (14/109) had multiple P-wave morphologies. For @entity1 with a single P-wave morphology, the frontal P-wave axis was between 0 degrees and 90 degrees in 62% (59/95), 90 degrees and 180 degrees in 23% (22/95), and superior in 15% (14/95). There was no relation between either P-wave axis or morphology and cardiac anatomy. Symptomatic @entity943 occurred in 15 of 85 @entity1 (18%); 11 of the 15 @entity1 had @entity4710 , and 1 @entity1 each had @entity591 , @entity956 , @entity1165 , and @entity6015 . The @entity943 occurred before surgery in 4 @entity1 , early after surgery in 5 @entity1 , and late after surgery in 6 @entity1 . Although 3 of the 7 @entity1 who died suddenly had a history of symptomatic @entity943 , @entity943 was the documented cause of mortality in only 1 of the 32 fatalities (3.1%). Freedom from @entity943 at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years was 93% +/- 3%, 86% +/- 4%, 80% +/- 6%, 73% +/- 9%, and 48% +/- 15% (mean +/- SE), respectively. No risk factors for symptomatic @entity943 were identified by means of logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: The atrial pacemaker varies in location within and between @entity1 with right @entity4032 . Although symptomatic @entity943 are not uncommon, they do not seem to relate to the overall high mortality rate and occurrence of @entity944 in this @entity1 group. Nonetheless, detailed assessment and aggressive management of @entity943 once they occur are warranted because of the precarious single ventricular hemodynamics.

title: Cardiac rhythm and symptomatic XXXX in right @entity4032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['atrial isomerism']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['congenital complete heart block']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The conduction system in right @entity4032 may be complicated by the presence of paired sinus nodes and twin atrioventricular nodes. With a large cohort of @entity1 and @entity1 with right @entity4032 , we sought to investigate the nature of atrial rhythm, its prevalence, factors predisposing @entity1 to symptomatic @entity943 , and the relation of @entity943 to long-term morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Standard 12-lead baseline electrocardiograms were performed in 110 @entity1 and @entity1 with right @entity4032 at a median age of 1 day, and their clinical records were reviewed. The type, timing, and precipitating factors of symptomatic @entity943 that occurred in 15 @entity1 , among a cohort of 85 @entity1 who had or were awaiting surgical interventions, were noted. RESULTS: All @entity1 except 1 had a sinus rhythm with intact atrioventricular conduction. Of these, 87% (95/109) had single P-wave morphology, whereas 13% (14/109) had multiple P-wave morphologies. For @entity1 with a single P-wave morphology, the frontal P-wave axis was between 0 degrees and 90 degrees in 62% (59/95), 90 degrees and 180 degrees in 23% (22/95), and superior in 15% (14/95). There was no relation between either P-wave axis or morphology and cardiac anatomy. Symptomatic @entity943 occurred in 15 of 85 @entity1 (18%); 11 of the 15 @entity1 had @entity4710 , and 1 @entity1 each had @entity591 , @entity956 , @entity1165 , and @entity6015 . The @entity943 occurred before surgery in 4 @entity1 , early after surgery in 5 @entity1 , and late after surgery in 6 @entity1 . Although 3 of the 7 @entity1 who died suddenly had a history of symptomatic @entity943 , @entity943 was the documented cause of mortality in only 1 of the 32 fatalities (3.1%). Freedom from @entity943 at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years was 93% +/- 3%, 86% +/- 4%, 80% +/- 6%, 73% +/- 9%, and 48% +/- 15% (mean +/- SE), respectively. No risk factors for symptomatic @entity943 were identified by means of logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: The atrial pacemaker varies in location within and between @entity1 with right @entity4032 . Although symptomatic @entity943 are not uncommon, they do not seem to relate to the overall high mortality rate and occurrence of @entity944 in this @entity1 group. Nonetheless, detailed assessment and aggressive management of @entity943 once they occur are warranted because of the precarious single ventricular hemodynamics.

title: Cardiac rhythm and symptomatic @entity943 in right XXXX .

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['atrial isomerism']


abstract: We have developed a new technique to gate lung @entity419 PET images in synchronization with the respiratory motion to reduce smearing due to breathing and improve quantitation of @entity419 uptake in lung lesions. METHODS: A camera-based respiratory gating system, the real-time position management (RPM), is used to monitor the respiratory cycle. The RPM provides a trigger to the PET scanner to initiate the gating cycle. Each respiratory cycle is divided into discrete bins triggered at a defined amplitude or phase within the @entity1 's breathing motion, into which PET data are acquired. The acquired data within the time bins correspond to different lesion positions within the breathing cycle. The study includes 5 @entity1 with @entity2 . RESULTS: Measurements of the lesions' volumes in the gated mode showed a reduction of up to 34% compared with that of the nongated measurement. This reduction in the lesion volume has been accompanied by an increase in the intensity in the @entity419 signal per voxel. This finding has resulted in an improvement in measurement of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)), which increased in 1 @entity1 by as much as 159%. The total lesion glycolysis, defined as the product of the SUV(max) and the lesion volume, was also measured in gated and nongated modes and showed a consistency between the 2 measurements. CONCLUSION: We have shown that image smearing can be reduced by gating @entity419 PET images in synchronization with the respiratory motion. This technique allows a more accurate definition of the lesion volume and improves the quantitation specific activity of the tracer (in this case, @entity419 ), which are distorted because of the breathing motion.

title: Effect of respiratory gating on quantifying PET images of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']