abstract: INTRODUCTION: We sought to determine the effect of cardiac massage on a pre-existing regurgitant mitral valve during open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OCCPR) in an animal experiment. METHODS: Our study included 29 @entity235 that were used as experimental models. We anesthetized them and inserted a transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) probe. Then we performed a transverse thoracotomy, attempting to produce @entity339 ( @entity339 ). In models that showed @entity1167 we initiated OCCPR to restore cardiac function. The regurgitant area of mitral jet and left ventricular (LV) diameters and volumes were calculated before and during OCCPR using TEE. RESULTS: @entity2224 and/or electromechanical dissociation occurred in 13 animals (45%). In 4 models without preexisting @entity339 , no additional regurgitation was detected during OCCPR, while in another 5 with preexisting @entity339 we noticed a slight increase in the regurgitant flow. The regurgitant flow area changed from 0.62 +/- 1 cm2 before to 1.1 +/- 0.36 cm2 during OCCPR (p<0.008). In the 4 animals that had severe damage to the mitral apparatus after the attempts, the regurgitant flow increased from 4.01 +/- 0.93 cm2 to 7.7 +/- 2.6 cm2 (p<0.002). The LV transverse diameter decreased from 4.39 +/- 0.62 cm to 1.54 +/- 0.5 cm and its volume from 60.5 +/- 7.14 cm3 to 17.02 +/- 4.14 cm3 (both p<0.001), thus showing the effectiveness of OCCPR. CONCLUSIONS: Given the presence of preexisting @entity339 , direct cardiac massage during OCCPR would probably be less effective than expected, because of an increase in the amount of the regurgitant.

title: The effect of open-chest cardiac resuscitation on mitral regurgitant flow: an on-line transesophageal echocardiographic study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'acute mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of @entity337 conservatively followed in clinical practice is poorly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Long-term outcome of 246 @entity1 with severe or moderately severe @entity337 diagnosed by color Doppler echocardiography was analyzed. With conservative management, mortality rate was higher than expected (at 10 years, 34+/-5%, P<0. 001) and morbidity was high (10-year rates of 47+/-6% for @entity712 and 62+/-4% for aortic valve surgery). At 10 years, 75+/-3% of @entity1 had died or had surgery and 83+/-3% had had cardiovascular events. In multivariate analysis, predictors of survival were age (P<0.001), functional class (P<0.001), comorbidity index (P=0.033), @entity955 (P=0.002), and left ventricular end-systolic diameter corrected for body surface area (P=0.025). Ejection fraction was also an independent predictor of overall survival, including postoperative follow-up of surgically treated @entity1 (P<0.001). High risk during conservative treatment, with mortality rate in excess of that expected, was noted among @entity1 with severe, even transient, symptoms (24.6% yearly, P<0.001) but also in those with mild (class II) symptoms (6.3% yearly, P=0.02) and in asymptomatic @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction <55% (5.8% yearly, P=0.03) or with end-systolic diameter normalized to body surface area >/=25 mm/m2 (7.8% yearly, P=0.004). Surgery performed during follow-up was independently associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.54; P=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 diagnosed with severe @entity337 in clinical practice incur excess mortality and high morbidity, underscoring the serious prognosis of the disease. Surgery, which reduces cardiac mortality rates, should be considered promptly in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Mortality and morbidity of XXXX in clinical practice. A long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy has been shown to reduce allergen sensitivity to allergens such as cat and dust mite. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cat or dust mite immunotherapy on @entity6587 and the need for inhaled @entity288 in @entity1 with @entity565 , cat or dust mite @entity566 , and @entity2023 . SUBJECTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 , 7 to 16 years old, completed the 3-year study. They were randomly allocated to receive cat/dust mite or placebo and birch/timothy immunotherapy. METHODS: Before immunotherapy was begun and then once each year, bronchial @entity112 challenges were performed. Bronchial allergen challenge with the perennial allergen was done before and after the 3-year study. Pharmacotherapy was given according to a standardized protocol. RESULTS: PC20 allergen increased significantly in both the active immunotherapy group (P <.001) and in the placebo-pollen group (P <.05). PC20 @entity112 increased continuously in the active immunotherapy group (P <.05 and P =.002 after 1 and 3 years, respectively) and had also increased after 3 years in the placebo-pollen group (P <.05). The difference between the 2 groups was significant for PC20 allergen (P =.001) but not for PC20 @entity112 . There was no significant change in the dose of inhaled @entity4184 needed for symptom control in either of the groups. CONCLUSION: Pollen immunotherapy combined with inhaled corticosteroids results in improvement of both cat/dust mite bronchial sensitivity and hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 . The combination of cat or dust mite, pollen immunotherapy, and inhaled @entity4184 enhances this improvement. Cat immunotherapy also induces cat allergen tolerance.

title: Immunotherapy in @entity1 with allergic asthma: effect on XXXX and pharmacotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6587 :: (MESH:D016535,Disease) :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy has been shown to reduce allergen sensitivity to allergens such as cat and dust mite. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cat or dust mite immunotherapy on @entity6587 and the need for inhaled @entity288 in @entity1 with @entity565 , cat or dust mite @entity566 , and @entity2023 . SUBJECTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 , 7 to 16 years old, completed the 3-year study. They were randomly allocated to receive cat/dust mite or placebo and birch/timothy immunotherapy. METHODS: Before immunotherapy was begun and then once each year, bronchial @entity112 challenges were performed. Bronchial allergen challenge with the perennial allergen was done before and after the 3-year study. Pharmacotherapy was given according to a standardized protocol. RESULTS: PC20 allergen increased significantly in both the active immunotherapy group (P <.001) and in the placebo-pollen group (P <.05). PC20 @entity112 increased continuously in the active immunotherapy group (P <.05 and P =.002 after 1 and 3 years, respectively) and had also increased after 3 years in the placebo-pollen group (P <.05). The difference between the 2 groups was significant for PC20 allergen (P =.001) but not for PC20 @entity112 . There was no significant change in the dose of inhaled @entity4184 needed for symptom control in either of the groups. CONCLUSION: Pollen immunotherapy combined with inhaled corticosteroids results in improvement of both cat/dust mite bronchial sensitivity and hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 . The combination of cat or dust mite, pollen immunotherapy, and inhaled @entity4184 enhances this improvement. Cat immunotherapy also induces cat allergen tolerance.

title: Immunotherapy in XXXX with allergic asthma: effect on @entity6587 and pharmacotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity7462 vary from complete absence of B cells and/or serum immunoglobulin to lacunar deficits involving specific antibody responses to polysaccharides. OBJECTIVES: We compared the B-cell @entity5893 expression in @entity1 with selective antipolysaccharide antibody deficiencies (SPADs), @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ), and @entity12587 and in normal control subjects. METHODS: Five @entity1 populations were evaluated: (1) @entity1 with severe SPAD (no protective serologic postvaccine response to any of 12 polysaccharide antigens tested); (2) @entity1 with intermediate SPAD (diminished response to polysaccharide antigens and adequate response to 1 to 3 of 12 serotypes tested); (3) patients with @entity12587 ; (4) @entity1 with @entity6078 ; and (5) age-matched control subjects. Blood was collected from all @entity1 and evaluated by using flow cytometry. Results were compared by using the Student t test. RESULTS: @entity1 with severe @entity942 had a marked predominance of @entity5893 + B cells in the peripheral blood (93% to 97% of total B cells, n = 2). The intermediate SPAD group had a mean @entity5893 + B-cell percentage that was significantly higher than that of the age-matched control group (87. 4%, n = 7, vs 52.5%, n = 20; P =.007). @entity1 with @entity6078 and @entity12587 had mean @entity5893 + B-cell percentages that were similar to those of the age-matched control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate that @entity1 with SPAD had a markedly increased percentage of @entity5893 + B cells in the peripheral blood as compared with age-matched control subjects and @entity1 with other @entity7462 . This observation suggests that an association may be present between @entity5893 + B-cell predominance and SPAD.

title: Selective antipolysaccharide antibody deficiency associated with peripheral blood XXXX + B-cell predominance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12587 :: ('MESH:D017099', 'Disease') :: ['IgG subclass deficiency']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['humoral deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['SPAD deficiencies']

answer: @entity5893 :: (921,Gene) :: ['CD5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between latex-specific IgE titer and the type or total number of latex-induced symptoms has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the association of latex-IgE in vitro assay results with the type, number, or severity of symptoms in @entity1 allergic to latex. METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 with positive histories and positive skin test responses were identified as having type I @entity566 . Data was collected for reported symptoms after latex exposure. Symptom severity was quantitated by 2 scores: (1) the total number of symptoms to latex exposure and (2) a symptom severity score (3 = anaphylaxis, 2 = @entity565 , and 1 = @entity7370 , @entity110 , or both). All subjects underwent AlaSTAT and CAP tests. RESULTS: AlaSTAT class was associated with total number of symptoms (r = 0.32, P <.001) and severity score (r = 0.33, P <.002). Similarly, CAP class was associated with both number of symptoms (r = 0.32, P <. 0001) and severity score (r = 0.31, P <.001). Among the symptoms reported, @entity565 had the strongest association with a positive in vitro IgE assay (odds ratio = 6.7 [95% confidence interval = 1.9, 25. 6]), followed by @entity110 (odds ratio = 1.9 [95% confidence interval = 0.8, 4.6]). @entity5526 had no statistical association with in vitro assays in this study. AlaSTAT and CAP class correlated together significantly (r = 0.58, P <.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 allergic to latex with higher AlaSTAT or CAP class were more symptomatic. Increasing class or titer also predicted more severe symptoms. Higher class of either the AlaSTAT or CAP assay to latex was strongly associated with latex-related @entity565 and @entity110 and marginally associated with latex-related @entity7370 .

title: Relation of latex-specific IgE titer and symptoms in XXXX allergic to latex.

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['Contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review @entity1 with @entity4153 (SCC) treated at a regional @entity5 centre, as due to its rarity and aggressive nature, GU SCC remains a therapeutic challenge. @entity1 AND METHODS: The charts of @entity1 managed at a regional @entity5 centre between 1991 and 2002 for any GU diagnosis were manually reviewed to identify GU SCC. Demographic, staging, treatment and outcome data were extracted. The Veterans Administration @entity151 staging classification of "limited" or "extensive" disease was adapted for SCC of the prostate and bladder (with "limited" defined as disease localized to the true and false pelvis, and "extensive" as disease beyond the pelvis). RESULTS: In all, 555, 858 and 5066 new cases of primary @entity703 , respectively, were identified. Of these @entity1 , 22 had GU SCC (12 bladder and 10 prostate; there were no cases of SCC of the kidney). Eight of 12 @entity1 with bladder SCC had limited disease; five of 12 are alive (all with limited disease at diagnosis), and the median survival was 19.8 months. Surviving @entity1 received similar therapy, with transurethral resection of the @entity150 , @entity902 -based chemotherapy, @entity2879 (4-6 cycles), and radical radiotherapy (56-60 Gy). Two of 10 @entity1 with SCC of the prostate had limited-stage disease, but all 10 died, the median survival being 9.5 months. Survival by stage for both types combined was 59 months for limited disease and 8 months for extensive disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that GU SCC is an aggressive @entity5 ; limited-stage SCC of the bladder or prostate, when treated with @entity902 / @entity2879 chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy, has a more favourable outcome than that of extensive GU SCC.

title: XXXX : a retrospective review of treatment and survival patterns at The Ottawa Hospital Regional Cancer Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary (GU) small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal, bladder and prostate cancer']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Genitourinary small cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a retrospective review of treatment outcomes for recurrent @entity135 @entity1 treated with re-irradiation (re-RT) at a single medical center. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From July 1996-September 2005, 105 @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 underwent re-RT at our institution. Sites included were: the neck (n = 21), nasopharynx (n = 21), paranasal sinus (n = 18), oropharynx (n = 16), oral cavity (n = 9), larynx (n = 10), parotid (n = 6), and hypopharynx (n = 4). The median prior RT dose was 62 Gy. Seventy-five @entity1 received chemotherapy with their re-RT ( @entity902 -based in the majority of cases). The median re-RT dose was 59.4 Gy. In 74 (70%), re-RT utilized intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 35 months, 18 @entity1 were alive with no evidence of disease. The 2-year loco-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival rates were 42% and 37%, respectively. @entity1 who underwent IMRT, compared to those who did not, had a better 2-year LRPF (52% vs. 20%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, non-nasopharynx and non-IMRT were associated with an increased risk of loco-regional (LR) failure. @entity1 with LR progression-free disease had better 2-year overall survival vs. those with LR failure (56% vs. 21%, p < 0.001). Acute and late Grade 3-4 @entity137 were reported in 23% and 15% of @entity1 . Severe Grade 3-4 late complications were observed in 12 @entity1 , with a median time to development of 6 months after re-RT. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our data, achieving LR control is crucial for improved overall survival in this @entity1 population. The use of IMRT predicted better LR @entity5 control. Future aggressive efforts in maximizing @entity5 control in the recurrent setting, including dose escalation with IMRT and improved chemotherapy, are warranted.

title: Salvage re-irradiation for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck (HN) cancer', 'HN cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there are disparities in utilization of outpatient and home care services after @entity64 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The Kaiser Permanente of Northern California health care system, which provides health care for approximately 3.3 million members. @entity1 : A total of 11,119 @entity1 hospitalized for a @entity64 between 1996 and 2003 and followed for 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Receipt of outpatient rehabilitation (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, or physical medicine and rehabilitation/physiatry visits), and/or home health care. RESULTS: There were significant differences in outpatient rehabilitation visits and home health enrollment during the year after acute care discharge for all the parameters under study. Older age and female gender were associated with less outpatient rehabilitation treatment, but these subpopulations were more likely to be enrolled in home health care. Non-whites, @entity1 from urban areas, those with @entity385 , and those with longer acute care hospital stays had relatively more outpatient rehabilitation and were also more likely to be enrolled in the home health program. In addition, @entity1 living in geographic areas with a median household income of  80,000 or more had significantly more outpatient rehabilitation visits than did @entity1 living in lower income areas. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in outpatient rehabilitation visits and in home health care exist in this large integrated health system in terms of age, gender, race/ethnicity, residence area, type of @entity64 , and length of stay in an acute care hospital. The Kaiser Permanente integrated health care system seems to have outpatient @entity64 rehabilitation and home health programs that are providing care without disparities in relation to non-white populations, but other disparities appear to exist that may be related to socioeconomic factors, referral patterns, family support systems, or other cultural factors that have not been identified.

title: Disparities in outpatient and home health service utilization following XXXX : results of a 9-year cohort study in Northern California.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: We report the clinical and genetic findings in a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity51832 ( @entity51832 ). The @entity1 had a family history of @entity459 ( @entity459 ) and uterine @entity81 in her mother. The @entity1 presented @entity425 . The diagnosis of @entity459 was confirmed by an elevated @entity3243 hormone level above 1450 pg/ml with @entity2741 and @entity5200 . X-ray radiographies showed a radiolucent lesion in the right body of the mandible. Bilateral neck exploration was performed. An inferior right parathyroidectomy, a left thyroid lobectomy with isthmectomy and thymectomy were carried out. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed a @entity1373 of the @entity3243 principal cells. The association of @entity459 with a right jaw @entity5 and uterine @entity81 suggested the diagnosis of @entity51832 . Mutation screening of @entity15966 gene was carried out and identified a germline mutation, consisting in a base deletion in exon 1, @entity70841 , inducing a frameshift. The diagnosis of @entity51832 is clinically important because of its hereditary component and its high risk of @entity5 , making a genetic inquiry necessary.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'parathyroid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid']

entities_list: @entity51832 :: ('MESH:C563273', 'Disease') :: ['HPT-JT', 'hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome', 'HPT-JT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity51832 :: (MESH:C563273,Disease) :: ['Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the associated obstetric and sociodemographic risk of @entity308 in a population-based study. METHODS: All @entity1 presenting for postpartum care (n=1656) were surveyed at pregnancy care units of southern-eastern Hungary between January 2004 and May 2006 with an anonymously completed Leverton questionnaire (LQ). The demographic characteristics, obstetric data and related variables were determined as potential correlates of @entity308 . Significant predictive factors associated with vulnerability were analysed by means of linear correlation and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The Leverton score significantly differed between primiparous and multiparous @entity1 [primiparous 11.3+/-7.0 (mean+/-standard deviation) and multiparous @entity1 12.1+/-7.1]. The univariate difference was not significant as regards previous @entity249 [ @entity249 : 11.4+/-6.2 and no @entity249 : 11.7+/-7.2]. Vulnerability to @entity308 was diagnosed in 892 (53.9%) of the postpartum @entity1 . The predictors of @entity308 include an unwanted pregnancy (AOR: 5.6, 95% CI: 3.97-9.71) and an unfavourable pregnancy case history (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 2.912-5.76). The higher number of @entity1 represent significantly lower odds for postpartum vulnerability in the case of multiparous @entity1 (AOR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05-0.16). CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity308 can be modified by the sociodemographic and obstetric history data. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Our predictive data reflect that the LQ is useful screening method for postnatal vulnerability and determine the advisability of intervention/preventive therapy control the effects of the risk factors concerning vulnerability.

title: Obstetric and sociodemographic risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['vulnerability to postnatal depression', 'postnatal depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['vulnerability to postnatal depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2276 is a benign vascular lesion of the skin and mucous membranes. Many different treatments have been used, with variable success rates. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the effects of cryotherapy and curettage in the treatment of @entity2276 . METHODS: Eighty-nine @entity1 with @entity2276 were randomized to receive cryotherapy with liquid @entity1568 or curettage and electrodesiccation. Forty @entity1 in the cryotherapy group and 36 @entity1 in the curettage group completed the study period. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 who completed the study, treatment resulted in complete resolution of all lesions after one to three sessions (mean 1.42) in the cryotherapy group and after one to two sessions (mean 1.03) in the curettage group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Twenty-three @entity1 (57.5%) in the cryotherapy group and 25 @entity1 (69%) in the curettage group had no scar or @entity2118 . Except for cosmetic problems, no other @entity532 was recorded in the study. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that both cryotherapy and curettage are safe and effective. Curettage had the advantage of fewer treatment sessions required to achieve resolution and better cosmetic results. We suggest that curettage could be the first-line treatment for @entity2276 .

title: Comparison of cryotherapy and curettage for the treatment of XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['side-effect or complication']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2276 :: ('MESH:D017789', 'Disease') :: ['Pyogenic granuloma', 'pyogenic granuloma']

answer: @entity2276 :: (MESH:D017789,Disease) :: ['pyogenic granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the self-medication hypothesis, @entity161 @entity1 would abuse psychoactive substances to get a relief from their negative symptoms. Studies testing the self-medication hypothesis in @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ) @entity161 have not been conclusive, with some studies showing that @entity5748 @entity1 experience fewer negative symptoms, whereas other studies have failed to detect such differences. One potential confounding factor for this discrepancy lies in the diverse scales used to evaluate the negative symptoms. A systematic quantitative review of the literature using computerized search engines has been undertaken. METHOD: Studies were retained in the analysis if: (i) they assessed negative symptoms using the @entity12269 ; (ii) groups of @entity161 @entity1 were divided according to substance use disorders ( @entity167 , @entity889 , @entity835 , @entity2072 , @entity30515 , @entity4521 and @entity12781 ). RESULTS: Attainable published studies were screened. According to our inclusion criteria, 18 possible studies emerged. Data from 11 studies were available for mathematical analysis. A moderate effect size (total n = 1135, 451 @entity5748 , 684 single diagnosis, adjusted Hedges' g = -0.470, p = 0.00001) was obtained, within a random-effect model, suggesting that @entity5748 @entity1 experience fewer negative symptoms. Groups did not differ in age, sex, and positive/general psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Using narrow criteria (e.g. @entity12269 ), the results of this meta-analysis show that @entity161 @entity1 with a substance use disorder experience fewer negative symptoms than abstinent @entity161 @entity1 . As such, these results suggest either that substance abuse relieves the negative symptoms of @entity161 or that the @entity1 with fewer negative symptoms would be more prone to substance use disorders.

title: A meta-analysis of negative symptoms in XXXX @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['dual diagnosis', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity30515 :: ('MESH:D006213', 'Chemical') :: ['hallucinogens']

answer: @entity5748 :: (MESH:D009105,Disease) :: ['dual diagnosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the self-medication hypothesis, @entity161 @entity1 would abuse psychoactive substances to get a relief from their negative symptoms. Studies testing the self-medication hypothesis in @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ) @entity161 have not been conclusive, with some studies showing that @entity5748 @entity1 experience fewer negative symptoms, whereas other studies have failed to detect such differences. One potential confounding factor for this discrepancy lies in the diverse scales used to evaluate the negative symptoms. A systematic quantitative review of the literature using computerized search engines has been undertaken. METHOD: Studies were retained in the analysis if: (i) they assessed negative symptoms using the @entity12269 ; (ii) groups of @entity161 @entity1 were divided according to substance use disorders ( @entity167 , @entity889 , @entity835 , @entity2072 , @entity30515 , @entity4521 and @entity12781 ). RESULTS: Attainable published studies were screened. According to our inclusion criteria, 18 possible studies emerged. Data from 11 studies were available for mathematical analysis. A moderate effect size (total n = 1135, 451 @entity5748 , 684 single diagnosis, adjusted Hedges' g = -0.470, p = 0.00001) was obtained, within a random-effect model, suggesting that @entity5748 @entity1 experience fewer negative symptoms. Groups did not differ in age, sex, and positive/general psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Using narrow criteria (e.g. @entity12269 ), the results of this meta-analysis show that @entity161 @entity1 with a substance use disorder experience fewer negative symptoms than abstinent @entity161 @entity1 . As such, these results suggest either that substance abuse relieves the negative symptoms of @entity161 or that the @entity1 with fewer negative symptoms would be more prone to substance use disorders.

title: A meta-analysis of negative symptoms in @entity5748 XXXX .

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vasoconstriction and vascular @entity56 to @entity750 has been described previously in animal models of @entity130 . The present study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of the @entity20757 /Rho-kinase pathway to the collar-induced the change of vascular contractility and reactivity in @entity35 carotid artery. METHODS: @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 were assigned to 4 treatments (n=12): vehicle, @entity8232 , @entity917 , and @entity8232 plus @entity917 . After 1 week of treatment, @entity130 was induced by positioning a @entity1346 collar around the right carotid artery for 1 week. Blood flow and vascular reactivity to @entity750 was determined 1 week after injury, and carotids were harvested for morphometry and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: @entity130 leaded to histological changes of vasoconstriction with the percent lumen patency of 54.5    4.3% (p<0.001) decreasing, accompanying by the reduction of the blood flow (2.79    0.22 ml/min vs. 3.67    0.26 mi/min/p<0.001) when compared to contralateral arteries. The increase of vascular reactivity sensitivity to @entity750 was observed in the collared artery when compared with the contralateral artery. Treatment with @entity917 and @entity8232 prevented the development of vasoconstriction, improved the carotid blood flow and normalized the @entity56 to @entity750 . Injury increased Angiotensin II type 1( @entity1129 (1)receptor, Rho-kinase, and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. @entity917 lowered the Rho-kinase and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. @entity8232 inhibited the p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. CONCLUSIONS: Collar-induced @entity130 resulted in the enhancement of vascular contractility and reactivity. The activation of @entity20757 /Rho-kinase signal pathway, stimulated by @entity1129 (1) receptor, plays an important role in the collar-induced the change of vascular contractility and reactivity.

title: Involvement of Rho-kinase in collar-induced XXXX to @entity750 in @entity35 carotid.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity8232 :: ('MESH:C049347', 'Chemical') :: ['fasudil', 'Fasudil']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Adventitia injury', 'adventitia injury']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['vasoconstriction and vascular hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vasoconstriction and vascular @entity56 to @entity750 has been described previously in animal models of @entity130 . The present study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of the @entity20757 /Rho-kinase pathway to the collar-induced the change of vascular contractility and reactivity in @entity35 carotid artery. METHODS: @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 were assigned to 4 treatments (n=12): vehicle, @entity8232 , @entity917 , and @entity8232 plus @entity917 . After 1 week of treatment, @entity130 was induced by positioning a @entity1346 collar around the right carotid artery for 1 week. Blood flow and vascular reactivity to @entity750 was determined 1 week after injury, and carotids were harvested for morphometry and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: @entity130 leaded to histological changes of vasoconstriction with the percent lumen patency of 54.5    4.3% (p<0.001) decreasing, accompanying by the reduction of the blood flow (2.79    0.22 ml/min vs. 3.67    0.26 mi/min/p<0.001) when compared to contralateral arteries. The increase of vascular reactivity sensitivity to @entity750 was observed in the collared artery when compared with the contralateral artery. Treatment with @entity917 and @entity8232 prevented the development of vasoconstriction, improved the carotid blood flow and normalized the @entity56 to @entity750 . Injury increased Angiotensin II type 1( @entity1129 (1)receptor, Rho-kinase, and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. @entity917 lowered the Rho-kinase and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. @entity8232 inhibited the p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. CONCLUSIONS: Collar-induced @entity130 resulted in the enhancement of vascular contractility and reactivity. The activation of @entity20757 /Rho-kinase signal pathway, stimulated by @entity1129 (1) receptor, plays an important role in the collar-induced the change of vascular contractility and reactivity.

title: Involvement of Rho-kinase in collar-induced @entity56 to XXXX in @entity35 carotid.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vasoconstriction and vascular @entity56 to @entity750 has been described previously in animal models of @entity130 . The present study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of the @entity20757 /Rho-kinase pathway to the collar-induced the change of vascular contractility and reactivity in @entity35 carotid artery. METHODS: @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 were assigned to 4 treatments (n=12): vehicle, @entity8232 , @entity917 , and @entity8232 plus @entity917 . After 1 week of treatment, @entity130 was induced by positioning a @entity1346 collar around the right carotid artery for 1 week. Blood flow and vascular reactivity to @entity750 was determined 1 week after injury, and carotids were harvested for morphometry and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: @entity130 leaded to histological changes of vasoconstriction with the percent lumen patency of 54.5    4.3% (p<0.001) decreasing, accompanying by the reduction of the blood flow (2.79    0.22 ml/min vs. 3.67    0.26 mi/min/p<0.001) when compared to contralateral arteries. The increase of vascular reactivity sensitivity to @entity750 was observed in the collared artery when compared with the contralateral artery. Treatment with @entity917 and @entity8232 prevented the development of vasoconstriction, improved the carotid blood flow and normalized the @entity56 to @entity750 . Injury increased Angiotensin II type 1( @entity1129 (1)receptor, Rho-kinase, and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. @entity917 lowered the Rho-kinase and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. @entity8232 inhibited the p- @entity12221 (Thr696) expression. CONCLUSIONS: Collar-induced @entity130 resulted in the enhancement of vascular contractility and reactivity. The activation of @entity20757 /Rho-kinase signal pathway, stimulated by @entity1129 (1) receptor, plays an important role in the collar-induced the change of vascular contractility and reactivity.

title: Involvement of Rho-kinase in collar-induced @entity56 to @entity750 in XXXX carotid.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2314 is a @entity2315 that is caused by mutations in the gene encoding a-galactosidase A on Xq22.1. Typically hemizygous male @entity1 exhibit classic phenotypes such as @entity15967 , acroparesthesias, @entity158 "crises," @entity3797 , and whorl-shaped corneal opacities from childhood. However, during adulthood, they gradually develop @entity177 , @entity299 , and @entity64 resulting in early death between 40 to 50 years of age. However, recent studies have indicated a high prevalence of disabling clinical symptoms in heterozygous females @entity1 . @entity1 having the cardiac variant of @entity2314 exhibit only left @entity123 , while @entity1 having the renal variant exhibit only @entity177 . Individuals affected by these variants show higher residual enzyme activity of @entity10153 than individuals affected by the classic form of @entity2314 due to missense mutations of the @entity10153 gene. The cerebrovascular involvement in @entity2314 is not rare in both adult hemizygotes and heterozygotes. @entity1188 caused by the occulsion of small vessels involving mostly the vertebrobasilar region in approximately two-thirds of the cases, and that is associated with the deposition glycoshingolipids including GL-3 in the walls of these vessels. In Caucasian @entity1 , elongated, ectatic, and tortuous vertebral and basilar arteries are frequently observed on MRAs. Life-threatening @entity154 with @entity715 has been identified in a large Hungarian family in which the family members share @entity16818 mutation. On performing MRI, an increased signal intensity was observed in the pulvinar in T1-weighted images; this is the characteristic so-called "pulvinar sign". Enzyme replacement therapy has been approved in Japan since 2004 and 2007 for agalsidase beta and agalsidase alpha, respectively. This treatment modestly improves the small-fiber @entity16 , @entity3797 , @entity1121 , and stabilizes the renal function in the long term for up to 54 months. However, it has not helped in decreasing the incidence of @entity64 .

title: [ XXXX in light of recent review].

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['megadolichobasilar anomaly']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ["Fabry's disease", 'Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity15967 :: ('MESH:D000794', 'Disease') :: ['angiokeratoma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarctions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['episodic pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity16818 :: ('p|SUB|L|16|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L16P']

entities_list: @entity3797 :: ('MESH:D007007', 'Disease') :: ['hypohidrosis']

entities_list: @entity10153 :: ('2717', 'Gene') :: ['GLA', 'alpha-galactosidase A']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate linkage and association between the @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) gene and body composition variables in the Quebec Family Study (QFS). DESIGN: Single-point linkage analysis using families, and covariance and chi-square analyses using normal weight and @entity28 unrelated subjects from QFS. SUBJECTS: 169 nuclear families were used for linkage study. 308 unrelated subjects (146 males; 162 females) from these families were used for chi-square testing of genotype and allele distributions between subjects with body mass index (BMI) < 27 kg/m2 (n = 167) and those with BMI > or = 27 kg/m2 (n = 141), and for a series of covariance analyses using age, plus height for fat mass (FM) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), as covariates. A corrected P value (P*) for multiple tests has been calculated according to P* = 1-(1-P)(number of phenotypes). MEASUREMENTS: Variables were BMI (in kg/m2), sum of six skinfolds (SF6 in mm), FM (in kg), percent body fat (%FAT) and @entity1386 (in kg). Polymerase chain react restricted fragment length polymorphisms PCR-RFLP) was used to identified a @entity13157 substitution in exon 4, a @entity13159 in exon 6, a @entity13161 in exon 14 and an automatic DNA sequencer for a CA microsatellite repeat in intron 3, and heteroduplex pattern on non-denaturing gel for a CTTT repeat in intron 16. RESULTS: Good evidence of linkage was observed for @entity13159 with FM (P = 0.005; P* = 0.02), and for the CTTT repeat with @entity1386 (P = 0.007; P* = 0.03). Weaker linkages (0.02 < or = P < or = 0.05) were also observed between @entity13159 and BMI, SF6 and @entity1386 , between the CA repeat and BMI, SF6 and FM, and between the CTTT repeat and FM. Moreover, @entity1386 values were found to be different among genotypes for the CTTT repeat polymorphism with heavier females, carriers of the 123* allele at the CTTT repeat, showing 4 kg less of @entity1386 (43.6 +/- 1.0, n = 21 vs 47.7 +/- 0.8, n = 30; P = 0.005; P* = 0.02) than non-carriers. Also, at the @entity13159 polymorphism, in lower BMI males, carriers of the Q223 allele were 4 kg lighter in @entity1386 (53.4 +/- 0.6, n = 47 vs 56.6 +/- 0.9, n = 18; P = 0.005; P* = 0.02) than non-carriers. No significant differences were observed between lower and higher BMI subjects in genotype and allele frequency distributions for any of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the @entity13156 gene is involved in the regulation of the body composition in @entity1 particularly of @entity1386 in the QFS.

title: Linkages and associations between the XXXX ( @entity13156 ) gene and @entity1 body composition in the Qu  bec Family Study.

entities_list: @entity13156 :: ('3953', 'Gene') :: ['LEPR', 'leptin receptor']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat free mass']

answer: @entity13156 :: (3953,Gene) :: ['leptin receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate linkage and association between the @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) gene and body composition variables in the Quebec Family Study (QFS). DESIGN: Single-point linkage analysis using families, and covariance and chi-square analyses using normal weight and @entity28 unrelated subjects from QFS. SUBJECTS: 169 nuclear families were used for linkage study. 308 unrelated subjects (146 males; 162 females) from these families were used for chi-square testing of genotype and allele distributions between subjects with body mass index (BMI) < 27 kg/m2 (n = 167) and those with BMI > or = 27 kg/m2 (n = 141), and for a series of covariance analyses using age, plus height for fat mass (FM) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), as covariates. A corrected P value (P*) for multiple tests has been calculated according to P* = 1-(1-P)(number of phenotypes). MEASUREMENTS: Variables were BMI (in kg/m2), sum of six skinfolds (SF6 in mm), FM (in kg), percent body fat (%FAT) and @entity1386 (in kg). Polymerase chain react restricted fragment length polymorphisms PCR-RFLP) was used to identified a @entity13157 substitution in exon 4, a @entity13159 in exon 6, a @entity13161 in exon 14 and an automatic DNA sequencer for a CA microsatellite repeat in intron 3, and heteroduplex pattern on non-denaturing gel for a CTTT repeat in intron 16. RESULTS: Good evidence of linkage was observed for @entity13159 with FM (P = 0.005; P* = 0.02), and for the CTTT repeat with @entity1386 (P = 0.007; P* = 0.03). Weaker linkages (0.02 < or = P < or = 0.05) were also observed between @entity13159 and BMI, SF6 and @entity1386 , between the CA repeat and BMI, SF6 and FM, and between the CTTT repeat and FM. Moreover, @entity1386 values were found to be different among genotypes for the CTTT repeat polymorphism with heavier females, carriers of the 123* allele at the CTTT repeat, showing 4 kg less of @entity1386 (43.6 +/- 1.0, n = 21 vs 47.7 +/- 0.8, n = 30; P = 0.005; P* = 0.02) than non-carriers. Also, at the @entity13159 polymorphism, in lower BMI males, carriers of the Q223 allele were 4 kg lighter in @entity1386 (53.4 +/- 0.6, n = 47 vs 56.6 +/- 0.9, n = 18; P = 0.005; P* = 0.02) than non-carriers. No significant differences were observed between lower and higher BMI subjects in genotype and allele frequency distributions for any of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the @entity13156 gene is involved in the regulation of the body composition in @entity1 particularly of @entity1386 in the QFS.

title: Linkages and associations between the @entity13156 ( XXXX ) gene and @entity1 body composition in the Qu  bec Family Study.

answer: @entity13156 :: (3953,Gene) :: ['LEPR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate linkage and association between the @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) gene and body composition variables in the Quebec Family Study (QFS). DESIGN: Single-point linkage analysis using families, and covariance and chi-square analyses using normal weight and @entity28 unrelated subjects from QFS. SUBJECTS: 169 nuclear families were used for linkage study. 308 unrelated subjects (146 males; 162 females) from these families were used for chi-square testing of genotype and allele distributions between subjects with body mass index (BMI) < 27 kg/m2 (n = 167) and those with BMI > or = 27 kg/m2 (n = 141), and for a series of covariance analyses using age, plus height for fat mass (FM) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), as covariates. A corrected P value (P*) for multiple tests has been calculated according to P* = 1-(1-P)(number of phenotypes). MEASUREMENTS: Variables were BMI (in kg/m2), sum of six skinfolds (SF6 in mm), FM (in kg), percent body fat (%FAT) and @entity1386 (in kg). Polymerase chain react restricted fragment length polymorphisms PCR-RFLP) was used to identified a @entity13157 substitution in exon 4, a @entity13159 in exon 6, a @entity13161 in exon 14 and an automatic DNA sequencer for a CA microsatellite repeat in intron 3, and heteroduplex pattern on non-denaturing gel for a CTTT repeat in intron 16. RESULTS: Good evidence of linkage was observed for @entity13159 with FM (P = 0.005; P* = 0.02), and for the CTTT repeat with @entity1386 (P = 0.007; P* = 0.03). Weaker linkages (0.02 < or = P < or = 0.05) were also observed between @entity13159 and BMI, SF6 and @entity1386 , between the CA repeat and BMI, SF6 and FM, and between the CTTT repeat and FM. Moreover, @entity1386 values were found to be different among genotypes for the CTTT repeat polymorphism with heavier females, carriers of the 123* allele at the CTTT repeat, showing 4 kg less of @entity1386 (43.6 +/- 1.0, n = 21 vs 47.7 +/- 0.8, n = 30; P = 0.005; P* = 0.02) than non-carriers. Also, at the @entity13159 polymorphism, in lower BMI males, carriers of the Q223 allele were 4 kg lighter in @entity1386 (53.4 +/- 0.6, n = 47 vs 56.6 +/- 0.9, n = 18; P = 0.005; P* = 0.02) than non-carriers. No significant differences were observed between lower and higher BMI subjects in genotype and allele frequency distributions for any of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the @entity13156 gene is involved in the regulation of the body composition in @entity1 particularly of @entity1386 in the QFS.

title: Linkages and associations between the @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) gene and XXXX body composition in the Qu  bec Family Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and @entity1282 that accompany severe @entity1545 and to identify factors that affect oral intake. DESIGN: Inception cohort study. SETTING: Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Consecutively admitted @entity1 with severe @entity1545 who achieved cognitive levels during admission to assess swallowing and who did not sustain injuries preventing swallowing assessment (n = 54). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Type of swallowing abnormalities and presence of @entity1173 evident on videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), days to initiation and achievement of oral feeding, ventilation days, presence of a tracheostomy, and cognitive levels at initiation and achievement of oral feeding. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of subjects exhibited @entity4939 . Loss of bolus control and reduced lingual control occurred most commonly. Aspiration rate was 41%. Normal swallowers achieved oral feeding in 19 days versus 57 days for abnormal swallowers. Rancho Los Amigos (RLA) Level IV was needed for initiation of oral feeding; Level VI was needed for total oral feeding. Risk factors for @entity4939 included: lower admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and RLA scores, presence of a tracheostomy, and ventilation time longer than 2 weeks. Risk factors for @entity1173 were lower admission GCS and RLA scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1282 and @entity73 are frequently present in @entity1 with severe @entity1545 and significantly affect oral intake of food. @entity1 who swallow abnormally take significantly longer to start eating and to achieve total oral feeding, and they require nonoral supplementation three to four times longer than those who swallow normally.

title: XXXX in severe @entity1545 : risk factors affecting return to oral intake.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral/cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal swallowing']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Swallowing disorders', 'type of swallowing disorders']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Swallowing disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and @entity1282 that accompany severe @entity1545 and to identify factors that affect oral intake. DESIGN: Inception cohort study. SETTING: Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Consecutively admitted @entity1 with severe @entity1545 who achieved cognitive levels during admission to assess swallowing and who did not sustain injuries preventing swallowing assessment (n = 54). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Type of swallowing abnormalities and presence of @entity1173 evident on videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), days to initiation and achievement of oral feeding, ventilation days, presence of a tracheostomy, and cognitive levels at initiation and achievement of oral feeding. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of subjects exhibited @entity4939 . Loss of bolus control and reduced lingual control occurred most commonly. Aspiration rate was 41%. Normal swallowers achieved oral feeding in 19 days versus 57 days for abnormal swallowers. Rancho Los Amigos (RLA) Level IV was needed for initiation of oral feeding; Level VI was needed for total oral feeding. Risk factors for @entity4939 included: lower admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and RLA scores, presence of a tracheostomy, and ventilation time longer than 2 weeks. Risk factors for @entity1173 were lower admission GCS and RLA scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1282 and @entity73 are frequently present in @entity1 with severe @entity1545 and significantly affect oral intake of food. @entity1 who swallow abnormally take significantly longer to start eating and to achieve total oral feeding, and they require nonoral supplementation three to four times longer than those who swallow normally.

title: @entity1282 in severe XXXX : risk factors affecting return to oral intake.

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Interest for traumatic thoracic aorta @entity397 stems from the fact that its number continually increases, and it can be rapidly lethal. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present early and long term results as well as experiences of our team in surgical treatment of traumatic thoracic aorta @entity397 . METHOD: Our retrospective study includes 12 @entity1 with traumatic thoracic aorta @entity397 treated between 1985 and 2007.There were 10 male and two female @entity1 of average age 30.75 years (18-74). RESULTS: In six cases, primary diagnosis was established during the first seven days days after @entity130 , while in 6 more than one month later. In 11 cases, classical open surgical procedure was performed, while endovascular treatment was used in one @entity1 . Three (25%) @entity1 died, while two (16.6%) had @entity451 . Nine patinets (75%) were trated without complications, and are in good condition after a mean follow-up period of 9.7 years (from one month to 22 years). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment requires spinal cord protection to prevent @entity451 , using cardiopulmonary by-pass (three of our cases) or external heparin-bonded shunts (five of our cases). Cardiopulmonary by-pass is followed with lower incidence of @entity451 , however it is not such a good solution for @entity1 with polytrauma because of @entity548 . The endovascular repair is a safe and feasible procedure in the acute phase, especilly because of @entity20736 and polytrauma which contributes to higher mortality rate after open surgery. On the other hand, in chronic postrauamatic aortic @entity397 , open surgical treatment is connected with a lower mortality rate and good long-term results. There have been no published data about long-term results of endovascular treatment in the chronic phase.

title: [Treatment of traumatic XXXX of the thoracic aorta].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity20736 :: ('MESH:D012774', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic shock']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: AIM: We present our experiences in the treatment of nonfunctioning @entity5 of the pancreas to define the natural history and to suggest proper management. METHOD: From August 1993 to June 2005, the medical records of 19 @entity1 with the diagnosis of nonfunctioning neuroendocrine (islet cell) @entity5 of the pancreas were retrospectively reviewed with respect to @entity1 characteristics, characteristics of @entity5 , surgical procedures, and long-term outcomes in the Yonsei University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 (10 males and 9 females) was 51 years. @entity490 and discomfort (58%) were the most frequent symptoms. @entity5 with a median size of 3.5 cm were noted in the head of the pancreas in 9 @entity1 and in the body or in the tail of the pancreas in 10 @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 (68%) had @entity5 with malignant features. Twelve @entity1 (63%) underwent surgical resection, and curative resection was performed in 10 @entity1 (53%). Unresectable @entity5 (p=0.0055), distant metastases (p=0.0124), and macroinvasion to adjacent organs (p=0.024) had significantly adverse effects on the mean survival. Neither palliative surgery nor adjuvant chemoradiation therapy seemed to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of nonfunctioning @entity5 of the pancreas is important, and curative resection should be attempted for a good prognosis.

title: Experiences with nonfunctioning XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'neuroendocrine neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high rate of local recurrence after radical resection of pancreatic @entity420 fosters intensive efforts to develop new approaches for adjuvant treatment. The established animal models show significant limitations in simulating an adjuvant therapeutic setting. For optimal approximation to the clinical situation we therefore improved a @entity19 orthotopic @entity1 xenotransplantation model. METHODS: Subtotal pancreatectomy in @entity19 was performed after orthotopic inoculation of @entity1 @entity788 cells and manifestation of solid @entity5 . The natural course of disease, @entity5 growth and @entity3 were analysed. @entity136 as a cytotoxic drug was tested in vitro on the cell line used in this model and the effect of adjuvant treatment with @entity136 in vivo was investigated. RESULTS: All @entity5 -resected animals showed local recurrence. Organ @entity3 occurred in 67% in resected compared to 25% of non-resected animals. @entity136 in vitro was ineffective, but as adjuvant monotherapy resulted in a highly significant @entity5 weight and metastatic events. CONCLUSION: Subtotal pancreatectomy for xenotransplanted @entity788 in @entity915 beige @entity19 is feasible. Due to high rates of local recurrence and increased organ @entity3 , this model offers a relevant option for preclinical adjuvant testing, especially as in vitro and in vivo effects of cytotoxic drugs differ enormously.

title: Adjuvant treatment of pancreatic carcinoma in a clinically adapted XXXX resection model.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We present a case report of a 59-year-old @entity1 with a history of arterial @entity101 and excision of @entity320 . He was admitted to the hospital because of two months history of @entity294 , @entity353 and @entity1457 . In addition, the @entity1 suffered from marked vegetative instability with symptomatic @entity551 , @entity305 and progression of @entity177 , without @entity644 . Complex examination did not reveal @entity5 , endocrine, autoimmune, @entity179 . A serial biopsy of colon failed to provide a clue to the diagnosis. However, @entity2783 was found on the kidney biopsy. Neither @entity32 nor malignancy was revealed and, hence, no causal treatment could have been established. The @entity1 died from @entity881 . The autopsy confirmed @entity1582 . The triad consisting ofdiarrhoea, @entity305 and @entity551 should rise the suspicion on @entity2783 .

title: [Persistent XXXX , @entity551 , @entity305 ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic AA amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['infectious or neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: We present a case report of a 59-year-old @entity1 with a history of arterial @entity101 and excision of @entity320 . He was admitted to the hospital because of two months history of @entity294 , @entity353 and @entity1457 . In addition, the @entity1 suffered from marked vegetative instability with symptomatic @entity551 , @entity305 and progression of @entity177 , without @entity644 . Complex examination did not reveal @entity5 , endocrine, autoimmune, @entity179 . A serial biopsy of colon failed to provide a clue to the diagnosis. However, @entity2783 was found on the kidney biopsy. Neither @entity32 nor malignancy was revealed and, hence, no causal treatment could have been established. The @entity1 died from @entity881 . The autopsy confirmed @entity1582 . The triad consisting ofdiarrhoea, @entity305 and @entity551 should rise the suspicion on @entity2783 .

title: [Persistent @entity294 , XXXX , @entity305 ].

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: We present a case report of a 59-year-old @entity1 with a history of arterial @entity101 and excision of @entity320 . He was admitted to the hospital because of two months history of @entity294 , @entity353 and @entity1457 . In addition, the @entity1 suffered from marked vegetative instability with symptomatic @entity551 , @entity305 and progression of @entity177 , without @entity644 . Complex examination did not reveal @entity5 , endocrine, autoimmune, @entity179 . A serial biopsy of colon failed to provide a clue to the diagnosis. However, @entity2783 was found on the kidney biopsy. Neither @entity32 nor malignancy was revealed and, hence, no causal treatment could have been established. The @entity1 died from @entity881 . The autopsy confirmed @entity1582 . The triad consisting ofdiarrhoea, @entity305 and @entity551 should rise the suspicion on @entity2783 .

title: [Persistent @entity294 , @entity551 , XXXX ].

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4924 is characterized by a displacement of the tricuspid valve toward apex, because of anomalous attachment of the tricuspid leaflets. There are type B of @entity3153 and paroxysmal @entity943 in more than a half of all @entity1 . CASE REPORT: We presented a female, 32-year old, with frequent @entity7965 of @entity955 . After conversion of rhythm an ECG showed @entity3153 . Echocardiographic examination discovered normal size of the left cardiac chambers with paradoxical @entity1757 . The right ventricle was very small because of its atrialization. The origin of the tricuspid valve was 20 mm closer to apex of the right ventricle than the origin of the mitral valve. Electrophysiological examination showed a posterolateral right accesorial pathway. @entity955 was induced very easily in electrophysiological laboratory and a successful ablation of accessorial pathway was made. There were no @entity3153 and @entity7965 of @entity955 after that. CONCLUSION: @entity4924 is one of the reasons of paroxysmal @entity955 , especially in young @entity1 with @entity3153 .

title: [ @entity4924 as a cause of paroxysmal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal motion']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome', 'Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4924 is characterized by a displacement of the tricuspid valve toward apex, because of anomalous attachment of the tricuspid leaflets. There are type B of @entity3153 and paroxysmal @entity943 in more than a half of all @entity1 . CASE REPORT: We presented a female, 32-year old, with frequent @entity7965 of @entity955 . After conversion of rhythm an ECG showed @entity3153 . Echocardiographic examination discovered normal size of the left cardiac chambers with paradoxical @entity1757 . The right ventricle was very small because of its atrialization. The origin of the tricuspid valve was 20 mm closer to apex of the right ventricle than the origin of the mitral valve. Electrophysiological examination showed a posterolateral right accesorial pathway. @entity955 was induced very easily in electrophysiological laboratory and a successful ablation of accessorial pathway was made. There were no @entity3153 and @entity7965 of @entity955 after that. CONCLUSION: @entity4924 is one of the reasons of paroxysmal @entity955 , especially in young @entity1 with @entity3153 .

title: [ XXXX as a cause of paroxysmal @entity955 ].

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein's anomaly']


abstract: The risk for @entity715 is significantly increased in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting both venous and arterial vessels. Activated platelets are known to participate in @entity715 formation and growth. A general feature of activated cells is the shedding of microparticles (MP) which support coagulation by exposure of negatively charged phospholipids and possibly tissue factor (TF). In this work we characterized circulating MP in @entity1 with @entity1252 and their relationship with a procoagulant state. Thirty @entity1 with @entity1252 (aged 15-72 years, mean age 38 years) and 20 healthy controls (aged 22-54 years, mean age 34 years) were studied; @entity1 fulfilled 4 revised criteria for @entity1252 . The number and cellular source of circulating MP were determined by flow cytometry using double labeling with specific monoclonal antibodies and @entity4404 . @entity556 generation was measured as the endogenous @entity556 potential (ETP) without the addition of exogenous phospholipids and TF; under these conditions the generation of @entity556 depended directly on the number of MP present in plasma. @entity556 anti- @entity556 (TAT) and plasmin-antiplasmin ( @entity2786 ) complexes were measured by ELISA. Compared to the controls, circulating MP were significantly elevated in the @entity1 group (1218 +/- 136 vs 653 +/- 74 x 10(3)/ml plasma, p: 0.0007). In both groups, most of these MP were of platelet origin (927 +/- 131 vs 517 +/- 72 x 10(3)/ml plasma, p:0.009 ). ETP was higher among @entity1 as compared to the controls (804 +/- 64 vs 631 +/- 37 nM @entity556 , p: 0.025). Plasma levels ofTAT in @entity1 and controls were 3.4 +/- 0.8 and 1.4 +/- 0.5 microg/L, respectively (p:0.04), and of @entity2786 complexes were 62.5 +/- 14 and 24.05 +/- 2.5 microg/ml, respectively (p: 0.014). The number of platelet-derived MP correlated significantly with @entity556 generation (r: 0.42; p: 0.038) and TAT levels (r: 0.40; p: 0.035). We did not find an association of circulating MP with disease activity nor with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The increased number of circulating platelet-derived microparticles and their association with high ETP and activation of the coagulation system suggest that these microparticles play an important role in the pathogenesis of the prothrombotic state in @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Circulating platelet-derived microparticles in XXXX . Association with increased @entity556 generation and procoagulant state.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The risk for @entity715 is significantly increased in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting both venous and arterial vessels. Activated platelets are known to participate in @entity715 formation and growth. A general feature of activated cells is the shedding of microparticles (MP) which support coagulation by exposure of negatively charged phospholipids and possibly tissue factor (TF). In this work we characterized circulating MP in @entity1 with @entity1252 and their relationship with a procoagulant state. Thirty @entity1 with @entity1252 (aged 15-72 years, mean age 38 years) and 20 healthy controls (aged 22-54 years, mean age 34 years) were studied; @entity1 fulfilled 4 revised criteria for @entity1252 . The number and cellular source of circulating MP were determined by flow cytometry using double labeling with specific monoclonal antibodies and @entity4404 . @entity556 generation was measured as the endogenous @entity556 potential (ETP) without the addition of exogenous phospholipids and TF; under these conditions the generation of @entity556 depended directly on the number of MP present in plasma. @entity556 anti- @entity556 (TAT) and plasmin-antiplasmin ( @entity2786 ) complexes were measured by ELISA. Compared to the controls, circulating MP were significantly elevated in the @entity1 group (1218 +/- 136 vs 653 +/- 74 x 10(3)/ml plasma, p: 0.0007). In both groups, most of these MP were of platelet origin (927 +/- 131 vs 517 +/- 72 x 10(3)/ml plasma, p:0.009 ). ETP was higher among @entity1 as compared to the controls (804 +/- 64 vs 631 +/- 37 nM @entity556 , p: 0.025). Plasma levels ofTAT in @entity1 and controls were 3.4 +/- 0.8 and 1.4 +/- 0.5 microg/L, respectively (p:0.04), and of @entity2786 complexes were 62.5 +/- 14 and 24.05 +/- 2.5 microg/ml, respectively (p: 0.014). The number of platelet-derived MP correlated significantly with @entity556 generation (r: 0.42; p: 0.038) and TAT levels (r: 0.40; p: 0.035). We did not find an association of circulating MP with disease activity nor with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The increased number of circulating platelet-derived microparticles and their association with high ETP and activation of the coagulation system suggest that these microparticles play an important role in the pathogenesis of the prothrombotic state in @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Circulating platelet-derived microparticles in @entity1252 . Association with increased XXXX generation and procoagulant state.

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: Friend murine erythroleukaemia (F-MEL) cells are a useful model for studying the processes that regulate erythroid differentiation since exposure of these cells to chemical inducers ( @entity3733 or HMBA) results in commitment to terminal cell division and synthesis of haemoglobin. This study examined the relationship between differentiation and apoptosis in @entity3733 sensitive and resistant F-MEL cells. Clear apoptosis was not observed in @entity3733 -treated sensitive F-MEL (strain 745A) cells during the induction of differentiation. In contrast, @entity3733 -induced 745A cells exhibited delayed apoptosis compared to uninduced cells. Since the @entity588 family members play a major role in the control of apoptosis and/or differentiation, we determined their expression before and after @entity3733 or @entity16747 treatment. Neither untreated nor chemically-induced 745A cells expressed the @entity588 protein. The levels of @entity589 and Bad proteins remained relatively constant during @entity3733 -induced differentiation. @entity3733 or HMBA treatment of 745A cells induced a marked increase of @entity1836 expression during the late phase of differentiation which persisted even when the cells began to die. This upregulation of @entity1836 was independent of cell density but was correlated with cell arrest in G0/G1. @entity3733 treatment induced a similar delay of apoptosis and enhancement of @entity1836 expression in F-MEL (strain TFP10) cells which fail to synthesize haemoglobin in the presence of @entity3733 . @entity619 , which blocks @entity3733 -induced differentiation of F-MEL cells, prevented the induction of @entity1836 . Inhibitors such as @entity8304 or @entity52729 , which inhibit haemoglobin synthesis but not commitment to terminal cell division, did not suppress @entity1836 induction in @entity3733 -induced cells. Taken together, these results indicate that @entity3733 treatment of F-MEL cells induces a marked increase in @entity1836 expression suggesting a role for this anti-apoptotic protein in the process of erythroid differentiation in F-MEL cells. Moreover, induction of @entity1836 during this process seems to be associated with loss of proliferative capacity rather than with haemoglobin synthesis.

title: XXXX induction during terminal differentiation of friend erythroleukaemia cells correlates with delay of apoptosis and loss of proliferative capacity but not with haemoglobinization.

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity52729 :: ('MESH:C020804', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylacetone']

answer: @entity1836 :: (598,Gene) :: ['Bcl-XL']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity6 has not been still defined clinically and aetiopathogenetically. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of disease duration, glycoregulation degree and @entity65 in our group of @entity1 . METHOD: This study included diabetics, (100 @entity1 ) the same number of @entity1 with @entity1723 and II as well as 20 healthy individuals in the control group. Classic Ewing's cardiovascular tests were used for @entity65 diagnosis: (1) the cardiovascular response to Valsalva manoeuvre, (2) the cardiovascular response to deep breathing (the so-called E/I ratio), (3) the cardiovascular response to rising (the so-called 30/15 ratio), (4) the test of @entity551 and (5) the TA response to handgrip. It has been arbitrarily taken that @entity1 , whose score of "parasympathetic" tests (Valsalva manoeuvre, E/I ratio, 30/15) is equal or bigger than 1.5 (out of possible 3), have damage of the parasympathetic part of the @entity4148 while @entity1 , whose score of "sympathetic tests" (the test of @entity551 and TA response to hand-grip is equal or bigger than 1 (out of possible 2), have damage of the sympathetic part of the @entity4148 . The @entity1 whose total score is equal or bigger than 2 have @entity65 . The glycoregulation degree is determined by the level of HbA1c. RESULTS: There is a statistically significant, positive correlation between the values of the parasympathetic score and disease duration as well as between the total score, that is, @entity65 and disease duration. The connection between the sympathetic score, that is, damage of the sympathetic part of the @entity4148 and disease duration has not been observed. There is a positive correlation between the values of the parasympathetic score and HbA1c. The same pattern exists regarding the ratio of damage of the sympathetic part of the @entity4148 and the value of HbAlc, as well as the ratio of @entity65 , that is, the total score and HbA1c. Almost twofold, a bigger coefficient of correlation between the sympathetic score and HbA1c in relation to the coefficient of correlation of the parasympathetic score and HbA1c, points to bigger sensitivity of the sympathetic part of the @entity4148 to subacute deterioration of glycoregulation. The correlation between the values of autonomous scores and @entity6 type has not been noted. CONCLUSION: Our results show that besides disease duration, the subacute deterioration of glycoregulation also leads to the appearance of @entity65 in @entity6 . The sympathetic nervous tissue is functionally more sensitive than the parasympathetic one to @entity209 in @entity6 . The @entity65 will occur independently of the type of @entity6 .

title: [Cardiovascular autonomous dysfunction in diabetics: the influence of disease duration, glycoregulation degree and XXXX type].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type I']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous nervous system']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular autonomous neuropathy', 'cardiovascular autonomous dysfunction', 'CAN', 'Cardiovascular autonomous neuropathy', 'diabetes type on damage of the cardiovascular part of the autonomous nervous system']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An association between childhood behavioral disturbance and adulthood @entity161 has been seen previously in retrospective or follow-back studies and in prospective studies. The authors examined the relationship between childhood @entity146 and adulthood @entity161 -related @entity914 . Because a high rate of childhood @entity146 is known to be associated with adult @entity734 , these analyses controlled for @entity734 . METHOD: The subjects of this investigation (N = 185) were offspring of parents with @entity161 or @entity1316 and of normal parents from the New York High-Risk Project (sample A). Data on childhood @entity146 were obtained in a parent interview at initial assessment in 1971-1972. Adulthood outcomes ( @entity161 -related @entity6406 , @entity148 , @entity734 ) were based on lifetime axis I diagnoses according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria. RESULTS: @entity734 had a significant interaction with the clinical outcome groups. In subjects without @entity734 , those with @entity161 -related @entity914 had exhibited significantly more @entity146 as @entity1 than had adult offspring with affective or @entity148 or with @entity734 only or no disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the view that @entity161 -related @entity914 can be followed back to early behavioral disturbances. The confounding effects of @entity734 should be statistically controlled in studies of longitudinal associations between childhood behavioral disturbance and axis I outcomes.

title: Relationship between childhood behavioral disturbance and later XXXX in the New York High-Risk Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity6406 :: ('MESH:D000341', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses, affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Substance abuse', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A pilot study to assess the feasibility and affordability of a targeted screening programme for @entity1028 in a group of employer-based medical schemes. DESIGN: Administrative database review and data extraction. Member enrolment by mail. Analysis using simple descriptive statistics. Review of international experience. OUTCOME MEASURES: Screening uptake and findings, type and cost of interventions recommended by providers. RESULTS: Database review identified 2187 age-eligible subjects (males between 60 and 65 years) who were advised to consult with their doctor/s if they had a history of smoking/and or @entity65 . Two hundred and seven were referred for abdominal ultrasound screening, and @entity439 > or = 3.0 cm were found in 11 (5.3%). Only 1 subject had an @entity439 of sufficient size to justify early surgical intervention, and which resulted in the @entity1 's @entity204 . Total cost of this pilot study approached R1 million. Analysis indicated that the sampling rate would have to be increased if such a programme were to be introduced as a routine medical benefit. CONCLUSIONS: International experience has been that screening for @entity1028 reduces morbidity and mortality but at a significant cost. Opinion of the researchers and trustees of the participating medical schemes was that this cost would be beyond the means of schemes at this time. Screening programmes, particularly those that increase health care costs in the early phases by identifying subjects for costly interventions, are unlikely to enjoy support as long as the health funding environment maintains its focus on short-term costs and benefits.

title: Screening for XXXX --a pilot study in six medical schemes.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of repeated acupuncture stimulation and local anaesthetic injection at the most @entity158 points in @entity1 with @entity1643 . METHOD: This randomised controlled clinical trial involved 26 @entity1 with @entity1643 randomly allocated to either an acupuncture group (n = 13) or a local anaesthetic injection group (n = 13). Both acupuncture and anaesthetic injection were performed at two to five of the most @entity158 points on the lower back once weekly for 4 weeks. In the acupuncture group, a 0.18 mm diameter stainless steel needle was inserted to a depth of 10-20 mm and manual stimulation was applied. In the local anaesthetic injection group, a 0.5 mm diameter needle was inserted to a depth of 10-20 mm and a local anaesthetic was injected. @entity1 evaluated @entity158 using a Visual Analogue Scale immediately before and after the first treatment, before each subsequent treatment, and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after completion of treatment. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the two groups in the change in Visual Analogue Scale @entity158 scores (p<0.01), with acupuncture providing more favourable results than local anaesthetic injection. The reduction in @entity158 score from baseline calculated at each time period was significantly different between the two groups after the first (p<0.05) and final (p<0.01) treatments, and during the follow-up period (after 2 weeks (p<0.01) and 4 weeks (p<0.05)). CONCLUSION: Both injection and acupuncture relieved @entity158 , but acupuncture was superior for the immediate and sustained effects, suggesting that it is a useful treatment for @entity1643 . The difference in the effects may be attributable to differences in the mechanism of @entity158 suppression.

title: Comparison of the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment and local anaesthetic injection for XXXX : a randomised controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although anti-pseudomonal antibiotics are routinely used in the treatment of acute respiratory exacerbations of @entity82 ( @entity1577 ), the specific efficacy of such treatment remains uncertain, the mechanism of action of these agents is not fully understood, and the role of sputum susceptibility testing in clinical decision making is controversial. AIMS: We investigated the relationship between susceptibility testing and clinical outcome in adult @entity1577 @entity1 colonised with @entity796 . METHODS: Sputum samples were collected before, during and after respiratory exacerbations from 31 admissions (17 @entity1 ). Sputum colony counts and MIC of @entity796 were performed. RESULTS: Sputum colony counts did not change significantly during or after intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. Clinical outcome parameters (lung function, 12-minute walking distance, sputum weight and quality of life) were compared with susceptibility of @entity796 colonies isolated at admission to the antibiotics used, and no correlation was evident. There was no evidence for the development of cross-resistance and there was no change in the proportion of mucoid colonies with therapy. CONCLUSIONS: While this study has a small @entity1 sample size, it highlights the inconsistency of the role of antipseudomonal drugs also shown in other similar studies. The presence of @entity796 in sputum of acutely ill @entity1577 @entity1 prompts us to prescribe i.v. antipseudomonal drugs. If this approach was valid, we would expect to find a reduction in sputum colony counts and improvement in clinical parameters with the use of antibiotics to which the organisms were sensitive. The fact that such a relationship cannot be consistently demonstrated in this and other studies suggests that the use of antipseudomonal therapy in these @entity1 requires more critical bacteriological and clinical evaluation.

title: Are antipseudomonal antibiotics really beneficial in acute respiratory exacerbations of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['adult cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Emerging evidence suggests @entity1 amnion tissue as a valuable source of two distinct types of pluripotent cells, amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs), for applications in cell replacement therapy. For some approaches, it may be necessary to culture and differentiate these cells before they can be transplanted. No systematic attempt has been yet made to determine the quantity and quality of amnion cells after isolation and culture. We looked at amnion cell isolates from 27 term placentas. Following our optimized protocol, primary yields were 6.3 x 10(6) hAECs and 1.7 x 10(6) hAMSCs per gram amnion. All 27 cases gave vital cultures of hAMSCs, while one third of cases (9 of 27) failed to give adherent cultures of hAECs. Primary cultures contained significantly more proliferating than apoptotic cells (hAECs: 16.4% vs. 4.0%; hAMSCs: 9.5% vs. 2.4%). Neither hAECs nor hAMSCs were clonogenic. They showed slow proliferation that almost stopped beyond passage 5. Microscopic follow-up revealed that hAEC morphology gradually changed towards mesenchymal phenotype over several passages. Flow cytometric characterization of primary cultures showed expression of mesenchymal progenitor markers @entity12359 , @entity5399 , CD105, and @entity2394 , as well as the embryonic stem cell markers SSEA-3 and -4 on both amnion cell types. These profiles were grossly maintained in secondary cultures. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis exhibited transcripts of @entity4729 and @entity6826 in primary and secondary cultures of all cases, but no telomerase reverse transcriptase. Immunocytochemistry confirmed translation into @entity4729 protein in part of hAEC cultures, but not in hAMSCs. Further, both amnion cell types stained for @entity5399 and SSEA-4. Osteogenic induction studies with amnion cells from four cases showed significantly stronger differentiation of hAECs than hAMSCs; this capacity to differentiate greatly varied between cases. In conclusion, hAECs and hAMSCs in culture exhibit and maintain a similar marker profile of mesenchymal progenitors. hAECs were found as a less reliable source than hAMSCs and altered morphology during subculture.

title: Comparative characterization of cultured XXXX term amnion epithelial and mesenchymal stromal cells for application in cell therapy.

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['stem cell factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) remains the standard procedure for @entity5 located within 0.5 cm from dentate line (DL). In this study, we present a new type of restorative surgery: intersphincteric resection with partial removal of external anal sphincter (EAS) and anorectal reconstruction for-ultra low @entity5 . Between March 2003 and May 2008 fifty @entity1 (28 males, aged between 39 and 71) were operated on for ultra low @entity5 uT2-3N0M0 with partial preservation of EAS and total anorectal reconstruction (smooth-muscle neosphincter and colonic pouch). A protective stoma was performed in all cases. Functional outcome and quality of life were recorded at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months after stoma closure using Wexner score and FIQL respectively. Anal manometry, vectrum volumetry and myography data were taken as well. Results. @entity260 developed in 2 @entity1 , but no secondary surgery was required. @entity189 were staged as pT2 (n = 14) and @entity1803 (n = 36). The distal clearance was 2.00.4 (range 1.5-2.8) cm, lateral clearance was 0.80.3 (range 0.2-1.4) cm. After a median follow-up of 24 (range 2-61) months, 2 local recurrences were occurred and salvaged by APR. Contractive activity of saved elements of EAS improved with a course of time and squeezing anal pressure increased as well. Perfect functional outcome was achieved in 25 of 34 @entity1 at 12 months after stoma closure, and all the @entity1 were satisfied with procedure. Good functional results of suggested surgery seems to be an acceptable alternative to APR with permanent stoma in selected @entity1 .

title: Intersphincteric resection with partial removal of external anal sphincter for low XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity25911 or dissecting @entity14663 also known as "perifoliculitis @entity3100 abscedens et suffodiens" (PCAS), is a rare, severe and distinct @entity66 . It most probably occurs because of @entity432 via @entity5656 , having the same mechanism of acnea conglobata and @entity6691 suppurativa. These dermatoses may be associated or may have an isolated evolution. PCAS is one of the primitive cicatricial @entity1665 of neutrophilic type (with pustules). What is characteristic for the histopathologic picture of the disease is the deep inflammatory infiltrate, placed at the reticular derm or hypoderm level. The @entity1613 evolves towards forming profound abscesses and the destruction of polysebaceous follicles because of @entity738 , usually lymphoplasmocitary and with gigantic cells. Here is the case of a 24-year-old male with records of acne conglobata and @entity11885 , with relapsed inflammatory nodular lesions on the surface of the alopecic plaques and follicular pustules on their margin. The @entity1 had followed before hospitalizing a systemic treatment with antibiotics ( @entity4580 , @entity803 , @entity2177 , in therapeutic schemes that the @entity1 cannot mention, but anyway of short time) and after that a treatment with @entity4878 ( @entity10211 , 20-30 mg/day, in two successive therapies of one month each). The evolution of the disease under these treatments was with outbreaks and short times of remission of the @entity75 and nodular lesions of the scalp. The clinical diagnosis of PCAS is difficult, especially in the initial stage of the disease, as it was the case of the @entity1 presented here. We underline the importance of a correct history of the disease, of the complete clinical exams and the need of paraclinical investigations (histopathologic exam from the lesional biopsy - microscopy and immunohistochemistry) in order to come with a positive diagnosis of PCAS and a differential one.

title: The importance of histopathologic aspects in the diagnosis of dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['acne lesions']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity25911 :: ('MESH:C562486', 'Disease') :: ['Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial perifolliculitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['follicular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6691 :: ('MESH:D016575', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['cicatricial alopecia of the scalp']

answer: @entity25911 :: (MESH:C562486,Disease) :: ['cellulitis of the scalp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was designed to examine the acute and long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1992 to 2006, 24 @entity1 (21 @entity1 , mean age 58.4 years) with @entity358 underwent pulmonary resection. Operative indications were massive or repetitive hemoptysis in 6 @entity1 , medically unmanageable localized infection in 14 @entity1 , and undetermined mass in 4 @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 (75.0 %) had background @entity358 and four @entity1 (16.7 %) were mildly immunocompromised. Eight @entity1 had @entity1538 , while sixteen @entity1 had @entity7319 . Two @entity1 with @entity4327 had their pleural spaces sterilized before pulmonary resections. Fungus balls and pulmonary cavities along with the surrounding lung were removed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Surgical procedures consisted of 13 lobectomies, 5 pneumonectomies including one completion pneumonectomy, 2 segmentectomies and 4 wedge resections. @entity260 occurred in 10 @entity1 (41.6 %) and one @entity1 died from @entity548 due to postoperative @entity3509 . Other major complications were prolonged air leaks, @entity548 , and chylothorax. In the follow-up period, all but one @entity1 were free from @entity2381 . Hemoptysis was not seen in any @entity1 . Overall survival rates at 2, 5, and 10 years were 86.6 %, 79.4 % and 79.4 %, respectively. Disease-free survival rates from @entity2381 were 86.6 %, 72.6 % and 72.6 % at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary resection for aspergilloma showed favorable acute and long-term outcomes when surgical treatment was applied in selected @entity1 .

title: Favorable acute and long-term outcomes after the resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['simple aspergillomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'aortic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['complex aspergillomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillomas', 'pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergillomas']