abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 is an important @entity16 of childhood @entity4008 , but little is known about its epidemiology and outcomes. AIM: To determine the predictive factors, clinical features, causative pathogens, and outcomes of @entity385 secondary to perinatal and childhood @entity4008 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis METHODS: Over the period 1986-2001, 166 perinatal and childhood @entity1 were identified as having culture-proven @entity4008 , of whom 14 had @entity385 at admission. The clinical and CSF data of @entity1 with and without @entity385 on admission were compared. RESULTS: @entity385 @entity1 accounted for 10% (14/166) of @entity4008 , mostly in the first year of life (11/14, 79%). @entity5746 species (n = 4) and @entity328 (n = 4) were the most frequent causative pathogens, accounting for 57% (8/14) of episodes. Single @entity1188 were found in four @entity1 and multiple @entity1188 in 10. At 1 year follow-up, outcome was good in three, but poor in 11. Significant differences between the two @entity1 groups at admission included age bands, presence of @entity410 , @entity1276 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and CSF @entity880 concentration. DISCUSSION: There was a high prevalence of @entity385 when the disease was caused by @entity2260 and @entity5746 species. Occurrence was highest in the first year of life, and the prognosis in this @entity1 group is poor. Risk factors associated with @entity385 in our @entity1 included age 28-365 days, @entity410 , @entity1276 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and high CSF @entity880 concentrations.

title: @entity385 in perinatal and childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis', 'bacterial meningitis cases']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarctions', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 is an important @entity16 of childhood @entity4008 , but little is known about its epidemiology and outcomes. AIM: To determine the predictive factors, clinical features, causative pathogens, and outcomes of @entity385 secondary to perinatal and childhood @entity4008 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis METHODS: Over the period 1986-2001, 166 perinatal and childhood @entity1 were identified as having culture-proven @entity4008 , of whom 14 had @entity385 at admission. The clinical and CSF data of @entity1 with and without @entity385 on admission were compared. RESULTS: @entity385 @entity1 accounted for 10% (14/166) of @entity4008 , mostly in the first year of life (11/14, 79%). @entity5746 species (n = 4) and @entity328 (n = 4) were the most frequent causative pathogens, accounting for 57% (8/14) of episodes. Single @entity1188 were found in four @entity1 and multiple @entity1188 in 10. At 1 year follow-up, outcome was good in three, but poor in 11. Significant differences between the two @entity1 groups at admission included age bands, presence of @entity410 , @entity1276 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and CSF @entity880 concentration. DISCUSSION: There was a high prevalence of @entity385 when the disease was caused by @entity2260 and @entity5746 species. Occurrence was highest in the first year of life, and the prognosis in this @entity1 group is poor. Risk factors associated with @entity385 in our @entity1 included age 28-365 days, @entity410 , @entity1276 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and high CSF @entity880 concentrations.

title: XXXX in perinatal and childhood @entity4008 .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Cerebral infarction']


abstract: @entity3999 head consists of a globular catalytic domain and a long alpha-helical regulatory domain. The catalytic domain is responsible for binding to actin and for setting the stage for the main force-generating event, which is a "swing" of the regulatory domain. The proximal end of the regulatory domain contains the essential light chain 1 (LC1). This light chain can interact through the N and C termini with actin and @entity3999 heavy chain. The interactions may inhibit the motion of the proximal end. In consequence the motion of the distal end (containing regulatory light chain, @entity13406 ) may be different from the motion of the proximal end. To test this possibility, the angular motion of LC1 and @entity13406 was measured simultaneously during muscle contraction. Engineered LC1 and @entity13406 were labeled with red and green fluorescent probes, respectively, and exchanged with native light chains of striated muscle. The confocal microscope was modified to measure the anisotropy from 0.3 microm(3) volume containing approximately 600 fluorescent cross-bridges. Static measurements revealed that the magnitude of the angular change associated with transition from rigor to relaxation was less than 5 degrees for both light chains. Cross-bridges were activated by a precise delivery of @entity855 from a caged precursor. The time course of the angular change consisted of a fast phase followed by a slow phase and was the same for both light chains. These results suggest that the interactions of LC1 do not inhibit the angular motion of the proximal end of the regulatory domain and that the whole domain rotates as a rigid body.

title: Regulatory and essential light chains of XXXX rotate equally during contraction of skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: @entity31106 ( @entity31106 ) is a rare condition characterized by cutaneous vascular proliferation that usually occurs in @entity1 with diverse types of @entity262 . Although intravascular proliferation of endothelial cells has been considered to be the key histologic feature in @entity31106 , other patterns of vascular proliferation have also been described. We reviewed the clinicopathologic features in 15 cases of @entity31106 . The study group comprised eight males and seven females with an age range of 47-88 years (median 65 years). Eleven @entity1 had @entity262 : @entity8 (six @entity1 , including three post renal transplantation); @entity340 (two @entity1 ); one @entity1 each had @entity7160 , @entity463 multiforme (on chemotherapy), and @entity309 / @entity2760 rheumatica. Six @entity1 were iatrogenically immunosuppressed at the onset of the @entity272 . The clinical appearance included multiple erythematous macules, plaques, @entity5 , and @entity1066 , with a wide distribution but a propensity to involve limbs. Lesions had been present for 1 month to 4 years (median 4 months). Lesions resolved in four cases, improved in two cases, remained static in one case, and progressed in four cases. Two cases were recent and follow-up was not available in two other cases. Three @entity1 died of their @entity262 with resolution, improvement, and progression of lesions, respectively. All lesions were characterized histologically by a proliferation of capillaries in the dermis, with variably diffuse (seven cases), lobular (six cases), or mixed lobular and diffuse patterns (two cases). There was marked intercase and intracase heterogeneity in histologic features. Common features included fibrin microthrombi (nine cases), reactive ( @entity9156 -like) dermal alterations (seven cases), and foci of epithelioid endothelium (four cases). Four of 10 cases tested showed positive immunohistochemical staining for @entity16102 latent nuclear antigen in lesional endothelial cell nuclei. This study suggests that @entity31106 has a broader clinicopathologic spectrum than previously described. The pathogenesis of this @entity395 is unknown, but it is likely that immunologic factors play a role.

title: XXXX : a study of 15 cases demonstrating a wide clinicopathologic spectrum.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity31106 :: ('MESH:C535293', 'Disease') :: ['RAE', 'Reactive angioendotheliomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated lesions']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['coexistent systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity31106 :: (MESH:C535293,Disease) :: ['Reactive angioendotheliomatosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We describe and analyze the effectiveness and safety of @entity4671 for procedural sedation and evaluate the @entity1 's perspective on effectiveness, side effects, and satisfaction. METHODS: We conducted an observational retrospective study of all @entity1 who received @entity4671 for procedural sedation over 2 years in 3 affiliated suburban emergency departments of a large group-model health maintenance organization. Data were abstracted from the ED records. Additionally, a @entity1 questionnaire was prospectively administered by telephone. RESULTS: @entity4671 was used for sedation in 134 @entity1 between 6 and 93 years of age during 150 procedures. The mean cumulative dose was 0.20 mg/kg. Adjunctive medication was used in 36 (23%) procedures. Moderate sedation with verbal arousability was induced in 48 (32%) @entity1 , and deep sedation with verbal unresponsiveness was induced in 102 (68%) @entity1 . Full recovery to the preprocedural level of alertness was achieved within 30 minutes in 142 (95%) of procedures. Mean changes in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and @entity26 saturation were clinically insignificant. There were 7 (4.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9% to 9.4%) adverse events, including 5 (3.3%; 95% CI 1.1% to 7.6%) cases of @entity26 desaturation below 94% in older @entity1 (>55 years of age) who received slightly higher mean doses of @entity4671 (0.23 mg/kg). Four of these @entity1 received brief assisted bag-valve-mask ventilation and recovered uneventfully; none required endotracheal intubation. The questionnaire was completed by 120 (90%) of 134 @entity1 and involved 136 procedures. During 127 (93%) of these, @entity4671 was believed to be extremely effective in causing sleep, and for 127 (93%) it induced complete procedural @entity2730 . Only 5 (4%) @entity1 experienced @entity390 or @entity391 . Regarding willingness to receive @entity4671 for their next procedure, the @entity1 ' responses were favorable: extremely, 95%; moderately, 2%; slightly, 3%; and not at all, 1%. CONCLUSION: @entity4671 is a useful agent for carefully conducted procedural sedation because it provides effective, brief, deep sedation with little hemodynamic compromise. Its safety may be jeopardized by the occurrence of @entity1576 in older @entity1 receiving higher doses. @entity1 report a high degree of satisfaction with @entity4671 .

title: XXXX for procedural sedation in emergency medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['Etomidate']


abstract: The @entity563 proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of proteins with a diverse set of functions, including the control of @entity1003 , complement activation, programmed cell death and development. The most abundant serpins in @entity1 plasma are @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ) and @entity8698 (ACT). During @entity32 , circulating levels can increase by up to 3-fold for the former and by 4-5-fold for the latter. The major site for increased synthesis is the liver. Other tissues, such as the lung, are also capable of synthesizing @entity6417 and ACT, and expression can be increased by up to 100-fold by cytokines. There is a tissue-specific promoter for the liver, and alternative promoters for other tissues that express @entity6417 . Basal @entity6417 expression is regulated by the synergistic action of the tissue-specific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 4. An enhancer positioned approx. 1.2 kb from the end of the last exon in the 3' flanking sequence modulates cytokine-induced expression by @entity650 and @entity9255 . Microcell hybrid transfection studies have shown that a sequence containing 15 kb of 5' flanking sequence is sufficient to allow stable expression of @entity6417 in a position-independent manner. There is probably a single promoter for ACT. @entity9255 -inducible elements have been identified in the 5' flanking sequence approx. 100 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site, and a further interleukin-1-responsive enhancer has been identified approx. 13 kb upstream. The pathways for a humoral response are being mapped at high resolution.

title: Gene regulation of the XXXX proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and @entity8698 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity9255 :: ('5008', 'Gene') :: ['Oncostatin M', 'oncostatin M']

entities_list: @entity8698 :: ('12', 'Gene') :: ['alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: The @entity563 proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of proteins with a diverse set of functions, including the control of @entity1003 , complement activation, programmed cell death and development. The most abundant serpins in @entity1 plasma are @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ) and @entity8698 (ACT). During @entity32 , circulating levels can increase by up to 3-fold for the former and by 4-5-fold for the latter. The major site for increased synthesis is the liver. Other tissues, such as the lung, are also capable of synthesizing @entity6417 and ACT, and expression can be increased by up to 100-fold by cytokines. There is a tissue-specific promoter for the liver, and alternative promoters for other tissues that express @entity6417 . Basal @entity6417 expression is regulated by the synergistic action of the tissue-specific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 4. An enhancer positioned approx. 1.2 kb from the end of the last exon in the 3' flanking sequence modulates cytokine-induced expression by @entity650 and @entity9255 . Microcell hybrid transfection studies have shown that a sequence containing 15 kb of 5' flanking sequence is sufficient to allow stable expression of @entity6417 in a position-independent manner. There is probably a single promoter for ACT. @entity9255 -inducible elements have been identified in the 5' flanking sequence approx. 100 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site, and a further interleukin-1-responsive enhancer has been identified approx. 13 kb upstream. The pathways for a humoral response are being mapped at high resolution.

title: Gene regulation of the @entity563 proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and XXXX .

answer: @entity8698 :: (12,Gene) :: ['alpha1-antichymotrypsin']


abstract: Type XI collagen is composed of three chains, alpha 1(XI), alpha 2(XI), and alpha 3(XI), and plays a critical role in the formation of @entity39529 fibrils and in skeletal morphogenesis. It was previously reported that the -530-bp promoter segment of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene ( @entity43263 ) was sufficient for cartilage-specific expression and that a 24-bp sequence from this segment was able to switch promoter activity from neural tissues to cartilage in @entity19 when this sequence was placed in the heterologous neurofilament light gene (NFL) promoter. To identify a protein factor that bound to the 24-bp sequence of the @entity43263 promoter, we screened a @entity19 limb bud cDNA expression library in the @entity375 one-hybrid screening system and obtained the cDNA clone @entity70895 . Sequence analysis revealed that @entity70895 is a @entity219 finger protein consisting of a Kr  ppel-associated box (KRAB) and is a homologue of @entity1 @entity70896 , which was previously isolated by random cloning and sequencing. The KRAB domain has been found in a number of @entity219 finger proteins and implicated as a transcriptional repression domain, although few target genes for KRAB-containing @entity219 finger proteins has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that @entity70895 functions as a negative regulator of @entity43263 . In situ hybridization analysis of developing @entity19 cartilage showed that @entity70895 mRNA is highly expressed by @entity1184 chondrocytes but is minimally expressed by resting and proliferating chondrocytes, in an inverse correlation with the expression patterns of @entity43263 . Gel shift assays showed that @entity70895 bound a specific sequence within the 24-bp site of the @entity43263 promoter. We found that @entity43263 promoter activity was inhibited by transfection of the @entity70895 expression vector in RSC cells, a @entity511 cell line. The expression vector for mutant @entity70895 lacking the KRAB domain failed to inhibit @entity43263 promoter activity. These results demonstrate that KRAB- @entity219 finger protein @entity70895 inhibits transcription of its physiological target gene, suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism of cartilage-specific expression of @entity43263 .

title: A Kr  ppel-associated box- XXXX finger protein, @entity70895 , represses cell-type-specific promoter activity of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity39529 :: ('MESH:C535964', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage collagen']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: Type XI collagen is composed of three chains, alpha 1(XI), alpha 2(XI), and alpha 3(XI), and plays a critical role in the formation of @entity39529 fibrils and in skeletal morphogenesis. It was previously reported that the -530-bp promoter segment of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene ( @entity43263 ) was sufficient for cartilage-specific expression and that a 24-bp sequence from this segment was able to switch promoter activity from neural tissues to cartilage in @entity19 when this sequence was placed in the heterologous neurofilament light gene (NFL) promoter. To identify a protein factor that bound to the 24-bp sequence of the @entity43263 promoter, we screened a @entity19 limb bud cDNA expression library in the @entity375 one-hybrid screening system and obtained the cDNA clone @entity70895 . Sequence analysis revealed that @entity70895 is a @entity219 finger protein consisting of a Kr  ppel-associated box (KRAB) and is a homologue of @entity1 @entity70896 , which was previously isolated by random cloning and sequencing. The KRAB domain has been found in a number of @entity219 finger proteins and implicated as a transcriptional repression domain, although few target genes for KRAB-containing @entity219 finger proteins has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that @entity70895 functions as a negative regulator of @entity43263 . In situ hybridization analysis of developing @entity19 cartilage showed that @entity70895 mRNA is highly expressed by @entity1184 chondrocytes but is minimally expressed by resting and proliferating chondrocytes, in an inverse correlation with the expression patterns of @entity43263 . Gel shift assays showed that @entity70895 bound a specific sequence within the 24-bp site of the @entity43263 promoter. We found that @entity43263 promoter activity was inhibited by transfection of the @entity70895 expression vector in RSC cells, a @entity511 cell line. The expression vector for mutant @entity70895 lacking the KRAB domain failed to inhibit @entity43263 promoter activity. These results demonstrate that KRAB- @entity219 finger protein @entity70895 inhibits transcription of its physiological target gene, suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism of cartilage-specific expression of @entity43263 .

title: A Kr  ppel-associated box- @entity219 finger protein, XXXX , represses cell-type-specific promoter activity of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene.

answer: @entity70895 :: (74120(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NT2']


abstract: New finding: @entity346 as a sequella to post-natal @entity3347 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 born of mothers who abused illegal substances during pregnancy can present with signs and symptoms of a @entity3347 , including @entity146 , jitteriness, @entity294 . Usually these symptoms appear from a few hours up to a few days after birth. It is frequently followed by a post-withdrawal period of several weeks duration with crying, excitability, sleep irregularities and feeding difficulties. The purpose is to report the presence of @entity346 in @entity1 born from @entity734 mothers. METHODS: Five @entity1 born from @entity734 mothers were examined. RESULTS: Three @entity1 (case 1 - 3) presented with @entity346 . Two other @entity1 (case 4 - 5) presented with a peculiar transient @entity346 , lasting 6 months and 7 months respectively. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, @entity346 has never been reported in the literature. It was detected in two @entity1 who suffered from a post-natal @entity3347 necessitating substitution therapy, including @entity1286 . This may represent a form of @entity1286 @entity137 .

title: [New finding: transitory XXXX secondary to neonatal abstinence syndrome].

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal nystagmus', 'congenital horizontal pendular nystagmus', 'transient horizontal pendular nystagmus', 'nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-addicted']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['horizontal pendular nystagmus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of low concentration CO on neurobehaviour function and the maximal allowable concentration (MAC) in limited time. METHOD: 40 KM (kunming) male @entity19 were randomly divided into groups A, B, C and D. They were exposed to normal air, 30 mg/m3 CO, 300 mg/m3 CO and 600 mg/m3 CO respectively. The changes in neurobehaviour function of the @entity19 before, during and after 72 h exposure in 0.5 m3 static chambers were observed. Four indices were measured: @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and error rate (ER) in the water maze test, enter check frequency (ECF) and urine or excrement frequency (UEF) in open field test. RESULT: The set upright frequency in group D was smaller than those in groups A, B and C during exposure. @entity1054 and ER values went in a direction contrary to pre-exposure the four groups in the second 3 days (6 d) after or out of exposure, while ER values showed that group D > group C > group A > group B in the third 3 days (9 d). @entity1054 value was not different among the 4 groups, but its order of numerical value was similar to the ER order. The order of ECF values was that group C > group A and group D in 3 d after or out of exposure and not different among the 4 groups in 6 d and group D < group A and group B in 9 d. UEF values were not different among the 4 groups in 3 d and 9 d, but group D > group A and group B in 6 d after or out of exposure. Comparison with every group itself, showed statistically significance increase in ER values in 9 d out of exposure than before exposure in group D. ECF values showed the statistics significant increase in 9 d in group A and B. CONCLUSION: Low concentration CO may interfere with the learning and memory of @entity19 in the water maze and impede the development of the motor nervous function and disturb the steadiness of emotion of @entity19 in the open field. In addition, low concentration of CO may be of @entity137 .

title: [Effects of low concentration carbon monoxide on the neurobehavior function in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['tardy toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['response time', 'RT']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This article discusses theoretical, psychometric, and practical considerations of quality of life assessment in older adults with @entity73 . It describes a new measure of quality of life in @entity303 , the QOL-AD, and examines the reliability and validity of @entity1 and caregiver reports of @entity1 quality of life. METHODS: Subjects were 177 @entity1 /caregiver dyads. @entity1 Mini Mental State Exam scores ranged from 0 to 29, with a mean score of 16 (SD = 7). Each @entity1 and caregiver rated the @entity1 's quality of life on the QOL-AD. @entity1 functional and cognitive status, psychological state, physical function, and @entity146 were also assessed. Reliability and validity of @entity1 QOL-AD reports were examined across three levels of @entity73 . RESULTS: One hundred, fifty-five @entity1 were able to complete the QOL-AD. Completers scored between 4 and 29 on the Mini Mental State Exam, whereas noncompleters all scored 10 or lower. Reliability for both @entity1 and caregiver reports on the QOL-AD was good (alpha values ranged from 0.83 to 0.90). Validity of @entity1 and caregiver reports across cognitive levels was supported by correlation with measures of @entity308 (r = -0.41 to -0.65), day-to-day functioning (r = -0.10 to -0.45), and pleasant events frequency (r = 0.18 to 0.51). Intraclass correlation between @entity1 and caregiver reports was positive across all cognitive levels (r = 0.14 to 0.39). CONCLUSIONS: The QOL-AD seems to be reliable and valid for individuals with MMSE scores greater than 10. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between @entity1 and caregiver reports of @entity1 quality of life and to identify factors that influence quality of life throughout the progression of @entity303 .

title: Assessing quality of life in older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: 1. To evaluate the effect of primary in vitro antigenic stimulation on a population of immunologically competent cells, a homologous cell transfer system was used, with adult @entity1573 as the spleen cell donors, killed @entity6469 as the antigen, and newly hatched chicks as the recipients. 2. The distribution of antibody titers in recipients of cells from random donors was bimodal, with about 30 per cent showing no detectable titer and the remainder distributed normally. 3. Variability of titer was reduced significantly in subgroups receiving cells from a single donor, indicating that the primary source of variability was the genetic capacity of discrete cell populations to respond to antigen. 4. In serial passage studies, activity of donor cell populations was lost rapidly: antibody was not demonstrated after the second passage, and the graft versus host reaction ( @entity381 ) was not demonstrated after the third passage. Results were similar with in vitro antigenic stimulation at the time of the first passage only and with additional stimulation at the time of subsequent transfers. 5. The thesis that,the homograft reaction of the newly hatched recipients had contributed significantly to the variability in the single transfer studies and to the rapid loss of activity in the serial transfer experiments was confirmed by the results of transfers following alteration of the lymphoreticular system of the host by thorotrast administration, splenectomy, and treatment with @entity8097 during embryogenesis. All three favored the survival and function of transferred cells, raising the average antibody titer and virtually eliminating the no-response category. The inhibition of homograft immunity was most pronounced in the @entity8097 group.

title: Antibody-producing capacity of adult XXXX spleen cells in newly hatched chicks.

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['Brucella abortus']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity8097 :: ('MESH:D009277', 'Chemical') :: ['19-nortestosterone']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Reducing the acquisition time of whole-body @entity419 positron emission tomography ( @entity419 PET) (corrected for attenuation) is of major importance in clinical practice. With the introduction of @entity44139 (LSO), the acquisition time can be dramatically reduced, provided that @entity1 are injected with larger amounts of tracer and/or the system is operated in 3D mode. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of @entity419 required in order to achieve good-to-excellent image quality when a "3-min emission, 2-min transmission/bed position" protocol is used for an LSO PET camera. A total of 218 consecutive whole-body @entity419 PET studies were evaluated retrospectively. After excluding @entity1 with liver @entity3 , hyperglycaemia and paravenous injections, the final study population consisted of 186 subjects (112 @entity1 , 74 @entity1 , age 59 +/- 15 years). @entity1 were injected with an activity of @entity419 ranging from 2.23 to 15.21 MBq/kg. Whole-body images corrected for attenuation (3 min emission, 2 min transmission/bed position) were acquired with an LSO PET camera (Ecat Accel, @entity5377 ) 60 min after tracer administration. @entity1 were positioned with their arms along the body. Image reconstruction was done iteratively and a post-reconstruction filter was applied. Image quality was scored visually by two independent observers using a five-point scoring scale (poor, reasonable, good, very good, excellent). In addition, the coefficient of variability (COV) was measured in a region of interest over the liver in order to quantify noise. Of the images obtained in 118 @entity1 injected with > or =8 MBq/kg @entity419 , 92% and 90% were classified as good, very good or excellent by observer 1 and observer 2, respectively. The COV averaged 10.63% +/- 3.19% for doses > or =8 MBq/kg and 16.46% +/- 5.14% for doses <8 MBq/kg. Administration of an @entity419 dose of > or =8 MBq/kg results in images of good to excellent quality in the vast majority of @entity1 when using an LSO PET camera and applying a 3-min emission, 2-min transmission/bed position acquisition protocol. At lower doses, a rapid decline in image quality and increasing noise are observed. Alternative protocols should be adopted in order to compensate for the loss in image quality when doses <8 MBq/kg are used.

title: Optimal dose of XXXX required for whole-body PET using an LSO PET camera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-FDG', 'fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity44139 :: ('MESH:C477682', 'Chemical') :: ['lutetium oxyorthosilicate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapy of malignant diseases of the conjunctiva with local chemotherapy is an extension of the therapeutic options in this field. We report on our experience in the therapy of @entity320 of the conjunctiva associated with primary acquired @entity1709 (PAM). METHODS AND @entity1 : Between March 1998 and April 2001, 13 @entity1 with @entity320 associated with PAM (6 female; 7 male; mean age 57+/-13 years) were treated with local chemotherapy. The @entity5 was classified as stage pT2 (pN0, pM0) in seven @entity1 , stage @entity1803 (pN0, pM0) in three @entity1 and in the remaining three @entity1 the lid was involved in the malignant process (pT4, pN0, pM0). Local chemotherapy ( @entity1138 0.02% eyedrops 5 times a day) was applied after incisional biopsies in 2 cycles for 14 days with a 14-day break. In 4 @entity1 a third cycle was included. RESULTS: Regression of the @entity5 was observed after completion of the therapy in all cases. Severe ocular or systemic secondary effects were not seen in our @entity1 . Nine @entity1 were without recurrence within the follow-up time. In three @entity1 , a recurrence of the disease was observed. In these cases, the eyelid was involved in the process. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy with @entity1138 is a useful option in the treatment of @entity320 of the conjunctiva associated with PAM if the @entity5 stage is @entity1803 or less. From our point of view the combination with incisional biopsy is of great benefit. Prognosis of @entity320 involving the lid margin (pT4) is poor.

title: [Management of conjunctival malignant @entity320 associated with primary acquired @entity1709 (PAM) using 0.02% XXXX eyedrops].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanomas', 'malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva', 'conjunctival malignant melanomas']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapy of malignant diseases of the conjunctiva with local chemotherapy is an extension of the therapeutic options in this field. We report on our experience in the therapy of @entity320 of the conjunctiva associated with primary acquired @entity1709 (PAM). METHODS AND @entity1 : Between March 1998 and April 2001, 13 @entity1 with @entity320 associated with PAM (6 female; 7 male; mean age 57+/-13 years) were treated with local chemotherapy. The @entity5 was classified as stage pT2 (pN0, pM0) in seven @entity1 , stage @entity1803 (pN0, pM0) in three @entity1 and in the remaining three @entity1 the lid was involved in the malignant process (pT4, pN0, pM0). Local chemotherapy ( @entity1138 0.02% eyedrops 5 times a day) was applied after incisional biopsies in 2 cycles for 14 days with a 14-day break. In 4 @entity1 a third cycle was included. RESULTS: Regression of the @entity5 was observed after completion of the therapy in all cases. Severe ocular or systemic secondary effects were not seen in our @entity1 . Nine @entity1 were without recurrence within the follow-up time. In three @entity1 , a recurrence of the disease was observed. In these cases, the eyelid was involved in the process. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy with @entity1138 is a useful option in the treatment of @entity320 of the conjunctiva associated with PAM if the @entity5 stage is @entity1803 or less. From our point of view the combination with incisional biopsy is of great benefit. Prognosis of @entity320 involving the lid margin (pT4) is poor.

title: [Management of conjunctival malignant @entity320 associated with primary acquired XXXX (PAM) using 0.02% @entity1138 eyedrops].

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melanosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapy of malignant diseases of the conjunctiva with local chemotherapy is an extension of the therapeutic options in this field. We report on our experience in the therapy of @entity320 of the conjunctiva associated with primary acquired @entity1709 (PAM). METHODS AND @entity1 : Between March 1998 and April 2001, 13 @entity1 with @entity320 associated with PAM (6 female; 7 male; mean age 57+/-13 years) were treated with local chemotherapy. The @entity5 was classified as stage pT2 (pN0, pM0) in seven @entity1 , stage @entity1803 (pN0, pM0) in three @entity1 and in the remaining three @entity1 the lid was involved in the malignant process (pT4, pN0, pM0). Local chemotherapy ( @entity1138 0.02% eyedrops 5 times a day) was applied after incisional biopsies in 2 cycles for 14 days with a 14-day break. In 4 @entity1 a third cycle was included. RESULTS: Regression of the @entity5 was observed after completion of the therapy in all cases. Severe ocular or systemic secondary effects were not seen in our @entity1 . Nine @entity1 were without recurrence within the follow-up time. In three @entity1 , a recurrence of the disease was observed. In these cases, the eyelid was involved in the process. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy with @entity1138 is a useful option in the treatment of @entity320 of the conjunctiva associated with PAM if the @entity5 stage is @entity1803 or less. From our point of view the combination with incisional biopsy is of great benefit. Prognosis of @entity320 involving the lid margin (pT4) is poor.

title: [Management of conjunctival malignant XXXX associated with primary acquired @entity1709 (PAM) using 0.02% @entity1138 eyedrops].

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of pegylated liposomal @entity632 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1204 . METHODS: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m2, and repeated on an every 28-day schedule. RESULTS: A total of 19 @entity1 were enrolled in this phase 2 trial. Fourteen @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy ( @entity3003 / @entity1311 -9; @entity900 / @entity1311 -3; single agent @entity1311 -2), seven prior radiation therapy, and three prior hormonal therapy. No @entity1 had previously received @entity632 . Two @entity1 (11%) developed grade 1 @entity8566 following treatment with pegylated liposomal @entity632 . There were no episodes of @entity299 (>10% reduction in baseline ejection fraction). Three @entity1 required hospitalization for @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity417 , and @entity2700 . Only 2 (11%) @entity1 required dose reduction. Four of 19 @entity1 (21%; 95% CI: 3-39%) evaluable for response exhibited objective and subjective evidence of an antineoplastic effect of therapy (duration of responses: 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6+ months). CONCLUSION: The pegylated liposomal @entity632 regimen employed in this trial exhibited an acceptable @entity137 profile ( @entity299 , @entity8566 ). Definite, although modest, antineoplastic activity in a @entity1 population with recurrent or advanced @entity1204 was documented.

title: Phase 2 trial of pegylated liposomal XXXX in advanced @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of pegylated liposomal @entity632 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1204 . METHODS: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m2, and repeated on an every 28-day schedule. RESULTS: A total of 19 @entity1 were enrolled in this phase 2 trial. Fourteen @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy ( @entity3003 / @entity1311 -9; @entity900 / @entity1311 -3; single agent @entity1311 -2), seven prior radiation therapy, and three prior hormonal therapy. No @entity1 had previously received @entity632 . Two @entity1 (11%) developed grade 1 @entity8566 following treatment with pegylated liposomal @entity632 . There were no episodes of @entity299 (>10% reduction in baseline ejection fraction). Three @entity1 required hospitalization for @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity417 , and @entity2700 . Only 2 (11%) @entity1 required dose reduction. Four of 19 @entity1 (21%; 95% CI: 3-39%) evaluable for response exhibited objective and subjective evidence of an antineoplastic effect of therapy (duration of responses: 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6+ months). CONCLUSION: The pegylated liposomal @entity632 regimen employed in this trial exhibited an acceptable @entity137 profile ( @entity299 , @entity8566 ). Definite, although modest, antineoplastic activity in a @entity1 population with recurrent or advanced @entity1204 was documented.

title: Phase 2 trial of pegylated liposomal @entity632 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performance scores predict benefits and @entity137 from chemotherapy. Among older @entity5 @entity1 , however, many investigators have empirically called for a detailed assessment of activities of daily living, claiming that the utility of performance scores is limited in this older population. This study's goals were therefore twofold: (1). to explore the predictive capability of an activities questionnaire and of performance score with respect to chemotherapy's @entity137 and efficacy; (2). to describe the daily activities of older @entity1 as they undergo chemotherapy for incurable metastatic @entity2 . METHODS: As part of a multi-institutional therapeutic trial, this study included 48 @entity1 >or=65 years of age with metastatic @entity1149 . All were assigned an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score and completed an activity questionnaire (Voorrips) prior to the initiation of @entity3003 and @entity1311 . @entity1 were monitored for @entity137 (CTC, version 2) and @entity5 status. RESULTS: Within this cohort, ECOG performance scores were poor at predicting grade 3 or worse toxic events ( P=0.71, Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared). In contrast, the activity questionnaire categories did predict grade 3 or worse @entity137 ( P=0.03) with a positive association observed between greater levels of activity and lower @entity137 rates. Neither instrument predicted 90-day disease progression, although there was a trend that suggested a positive association between favorable scores and lower progression rates ( P=0.051). @entity1 described a broad range of daily activities. CONCLUSION: Activity questionnaires capture a broad range of data that may prove useful in predicting @entity137 among older @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Daily activities: exploring their spectrum and prognostic impact in older, chemotherapy-treated XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performance scores predict benefits and @entity137 from chemotherapy. Among older @entity5 @entity1 , however, many investigators have empirically called for a detailed assessment of activities of daily living, claiming that the utility of performance scores is limited in this older population. This study's goals were therefore twofold: (1). to explore the predictive capability of an activities questionnaire and of performance score with respect to chemotherapy's @entity137 and efficacy; (2). to describe the daily activities of older @entity1 as they undergo chemotherapy for incurable metastatic @entity2 . METHODS: As part of a multi-institutional therapeutic trial, this study included 48 @entity1 >or=65 years of age with metastatic @entity1149 . All were assigned an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score and completed an activity questionnaire (Voorrips) prior to the initiation of @entity3003 and @entity1311 . @entity1 were monitored for @entity137 (CTC, version 2) and @entity5 status. RESULTS: Within this cohort, ECOG performance scores were poor at predicting grade 3 or worse toxic events ( P=0.71, Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared). In contrast, the activity questionnaire categories did predict grade 3 or worse @entity137 ( P=0.03) with a positive association observed between greater levels of activity and lower @entity137 rates. Neither instrument predicted 90-day disease progression, although there was a trend that suggested a positive association between favorable scores and lower progression rates ( P=0.051). @entity1 described a broad range of daily activities. CONCLUSION: Activity questionnaires capture a broad range of data that may prove useful in predicting @entity137 among older @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Daily activities: exploring their spectrum and prognostic impact in older, chemotherapy-treated @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity263 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 related @entity204 in @entity1 . An important role in the development of @entity263 is played by @entity3800 and @entity342 ablation is therefore currently used in @entity5 treatment. In the past, @entity172 were widely used in treatment of @entity263 , but there are indications that @entity172 could also be involved in @entity105 . Lately, much research has been done on the modulation of the binding of @entity134 hormones to their receptors by @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ), which could interfere with the @entity134 hormone's message. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine in whole DU-145 @entity1 prostate cells the effect of EFAs and their metabolites on the binding and affinity of the @entity172 receptor (ER) and @entity342 receptor (AR) to @entity53 (E(2)) and @entity251 (T), respectively. @entity1718 were dissolved in @entity1068 and added to the cell culture in a final @entity1068 concentration of 0.2% on the fourth day of incubation. The results showed that the @entity5204 under investigation inhibited the AR's capacity, in contrast to the ER's capacity which was stimulated. However, the dissociation constants (K(d)) of the AR and ER complexes in the presence of the @entity5204 , were as follows. Except for @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) which decreased the @entity4785 constant and EPA and @entity7461 (ALA) which increased the ER dissociation constant, the remaining FAs had no significant effect on the K(d) values of both the AR and ER complexes. According to these priliminary results it is postulated that @entity1 should benefit with a diet rich in certain essential @entity1474 although its function remains to be clarified.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity53 and @entity251 binding to whole DU-145 prostate cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens', 'estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['AR dissociation']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: @entity263 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 related @entity204 in @entity1 . An important role in the development of @entity263 is played by @entity3800 and @entity342 ablation is therefore currently used in @entity5 treatment. In the past, @entity172 were widely used in treatment of @entity263 , but there are indications that @entity172 could also be involved in @entity105 . Lately, much research has been done on the modulation of the binding of @entity134 hormones to their receptors by @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ), which could interfere with the @entity134 hormone's message. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine in whole DU-145 @entity1 prostate cells the effect of EFAs and their metabolites on the binding and affinity of the @entity172 receptor (ER) and @entity342 receptor (AR) to @entity53 (E(2)) and @entity251 (T), respectively. @entity1718 were dissolved in @entity1068 and added to the cell culture in a final @entity1068 concentration of 0.2% on the fourth day of incubation. The results showed that the @entity5204 under investigation inhibited the AR's capacity, in contrast to the ER's capacity which was stimulated. However, the dissociation constants (K(d)) of the AR and ER complexes in the presence of the @entity5204 , were as follows. Except for @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) which decreased the @entity4785 constant and EPA and @entity7461 (ALA) which increased the ER dissociation constant, the remaining FAs had no significant effect on the K(d) values of both the AR and ER complexes. According to these priliminary results it is postulated that @entity1 should benefit with a diet rich in certain essential @entity1474 although its function remains to be clarified.

title: Effect of @entity1718 on @entity53 and XXXX binding to whole DU-145 prostate cells.

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: @entity263 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 related @entity204 in @entity1 . An important role in the development of @entity263 is played by @entity3800 and @entity342 ablation is therefore currently used in @entity5 treatment. In the past, @entity172 were widely used in treatment of @entity263 , but there are indications that @entity172 could also be involved in @entity105 . Lately, much research has been done on the modulation of the binding of @entity134 hormones to their receptors by @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ), which could interfere with the @entity134 hormone's message. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine in whole DU-145 @entity1 prostate cells the effect of EFAs and their metabolites on the binding and affinity of the @entity172 receptor (ER) and @entity342 receptor (AR) to @entity53 (E(2)) and @entity251 (T), respectively. @entity1718 were dissolved in @entity1068 and added to the cell culture in a final @entity1068 concentration of 0.2% on the fourth day of incubation. The results showed that the @entity5204 under investigation inhibited the AR's capacity, in contrast to the ER's capacity which was stimulated. However, the dissociation constants (K(d)) of the AR and ER complexes in the presence of the @entity5204 , were as follows. Except for @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) which decreased the @entity4785 constant and EPA and @entity7461 (ALA) which increased the ER dissociation constant, the remaining FAs had no significant effect on the K(d) values of both the AR and ER complexes. According to these priliminary results it is postulated that @entity1 should benefit with a diet rich in certain essential @entity1474 although its function remains to be clarified.

title: Effect of @entity1718 on XXXX and @entity251 binding to whole DU-145 prostate cells.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the outcome following moderate @entity131 ( @entity131 ) (GCS 9-12). Most @entity1 regain consciousness; however, the full magnitude of long-term @entity73 is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study evaluating the outcome of @entity1 suffering moderate @entity131 between October 1995 and March 1998. Long-term outcome was assessed by telephone interviews. RESULTS: A total of 79 consecutive @entity1 were included. Average length of ICU and total hospital stay was 9.1 and 15.8 days respectively. The median GCS at 24 hours was 10 with 67% improving to GCS 15 by time of discharge. The presence of multisystem @entity130 did not affect outcome; however, age >/=45, initiation of enteral feeding after postinjury day 4 and the presence of @entity55 were all associated with longer lengths of stay and increased complication rates. Fifty-six (71%) @entity1 were contacted for follow-up at an average of 27.5 months. GOS scores were 5 in 44%, 4 in 41%, 3 in 9%, 1 in 6%. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 employed premorbidly returned to full-time work. Questions regarding cognitive and functional status revealed significant problems in the majority of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity55 , age >/=45 years and a delay in initiation of enteral feeding all increased the duration of acute care hospital stay following moderate @entity131 . In addition, cognitive, emotional, and functional problems following such injuries are extensive and long lasting. Physicians must be knowledgeable of these long-term sequela so they can provide the appropriate support and treatment to these @entity1 .

title: Outcome following moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and functional deficits']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To update the knowledge about @entity448 and @entity22 in childhood. SOURCES: Search of Medline database, including articles from 1997 to 2002. The key words @entity448 , feeding disorders, @entity22 , @entity25 and childhood were used. Some textbooks were also included. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Definition, main types and causes, diagnosis and treatment of @entity448 and @entity22 are presented. CONCLUSIONS: @entity448 and @entity22 are prevalent in childhood. The former is a much more frequent complaint in pediatric visits. The diagnosis is almost always based solely on a good history. Both conditions are generally behavioral and reflect the family dynamics. They are preventable and treated at the primary care level, based upon simple strategies, although sometimes not easily accepted by the @entity1 .

title: [Difficulties in the management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep and eating disorders']


abstract: Stereotactic radiosurgery has been proposed as the first line treatment for @entity5 and has been particularly advocated in cases of @entity8605 ( @entity13755 ) with bilateral acoustic nerve @entity5 . We present the case of a 22-year-old male with @entity13755 and bilateral acoustic nerve @entity5 . He underwent an uncomplicated excision of the larger, left sided lesion. Histology showed a benign @entity5513 with no atypical features. One year later he underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife 1500 cGy) to the right sided lesion. After @entity5 had reduced in size and undergone central necrosis. However, 2 years later MRI of the brain revealed a dramatic increase in the size of the right sided @entity5 , with considerable brain stem compression. The @entity1 subsequently died. This highly unusual case highlights the need for careful clinical and radiological follow up. in @entity1 with @entity5 , regardless of the treatment method employed.

title: Rapid enlargement of a XXXX following gamma knife treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['initial swelling, within 12 months the tumour', 'tumours', 'acoustic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: Data from numerous studies show that lumpectomy (breast-conserving therapy) plus radiation therapy provides survival equivalent to that following mastectomy (either modified radical or radical mastectomy) for @entity1 with @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). According to the data from the National Cancer Data Base and the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) Program, use of lumpectomy among female @entity3821 @entity1 has increased dramatically over the last decade. This study examined population-based trends in treatment for @entity3821 among Louisiana @entity1 and compared the trends with the SEER data. Our data revealed that the percentage of the @entity3821 @entity1 who received a lumpectomy increased from 34.3% in 1988-1991 to 53.7% in 1996-1999 in Louisiana (p<0.05) while @entity3821 @entity1 who received a modified radical mastectomy decreased from 51.7% to 26.1% (p<0.05). Increasing use of lumpectomy was seen across all races, age groups, @entity22550 , and poverty-level areas. Utilization of lumpectomy was about the same for white and African-American @entity1 but varied by age group, @entity22550 , and poverty level. Female @entity3821 @entity1 residing in rural areas or high poverty level areas were less likely to receive a lumpectomy than those residing in urban or affluent areas. Among the @entity1 who had a lumpectomy, 34.4% received post-lumpectomy radiotherapy in the first study period (1988-1991) and 49.7% in the last study period (1996-1999). In Louisiana, utilization of post-lumpectomy radiotherapy decreased with advancing age. Despite the increase in use of lumpectomy, its utilization remained approximately 10% lower than in the SEER areas throughout the study period. A similar deficit was observed for post-lumpectomy radiation therapy.

title: Patterns of treatment for XXXX of the breast in Louisiana, 1988-1999.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['rural/urban areas', 'rural/urban area']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Higher plasma total @entity1255 (tHcy) levels have been associated with @entity2998 and @entity385 in whites. However, data regarding such associations are limited for Asians. This study examined associations between tHcy levels and severity of @entity2998 in Japanese subjects. Additionally, because @entity1188 is the most prevalent type of @entity385 in Japan, we also investigated its associations with tHcy levels. METHODS: The subjects were 152 Japanese @entity1 (age, 66.2+/-11.0 years) at our hospital. Using ultrasound, we evaluated severity of @entity2998 by plaque score, which is defined by the sum of all plaque (intima-media thickness > or =1.1 mm) height in bilateral carotid arteries. In 112 of 152 @entity1 , the existence of @entity1188 was evaluated on brain MRI scans. RESULTS: A moderate linear association was found between tHcy levels and plaque score (r=0.48, P<0.0001). Moreover, tHcy level was associated with plaque score (beta=0.26, P<0.001) independently of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. In logistic regression analyses, each 1-micromol/L-higher tHcy level was associated with a 1.37-fold-higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19 to 1.58] likelihood for @entity1188 , increasing the likelihood by 1.22-fold (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.43) independently of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Higher tHcy levels appear to have associations with increased severity of @entity2998 and prevalent @entity1188 in the Japanese. Larger prospective studies are necessary to establish whether higher tHcy levels serve as a harbinger for insidious carotid and @entity66 .

title: Association of plasma @entity1255 concentration with atherosclerotic carotid plaques and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis', 'carotid atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['lacunar infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Higher plasma total @entity1255 (tHcy) levels have been associated with @entity2998 and @entity385 in whites. However, data regarding such associations are limited for Asians. This study examined associations between tHcy levels and severity of @entity2998 in Japanese subjects. Additionally, because @entity1188 is the most prevalent type of @entity385 in Japan, we also investigated its associations with tHcy levels. METHODS: The subjects were 152 Japanese @entity1 (age, 66.2+/-11.0 years) at our hospital. Using ultrasound, we evaluated severity of @entity2998 by plaque score, which is defined by the sum of all plaque (intima-media thickness > or =1.1 mm) height in bilateral carotid arteries. In 112 of 152 @entity1 , the existence of @entity1188 was evaluated on brain MRI scans. RESULTS: A moderate linear association was found between tHcy levels and plaque score (r=0.48, P<0.0001). Moreover, tHcy level was associated with plaque score (beta=0.26, P<0.001) independently of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. In logistic regression analyses, each 1-micromol/L-higher tHcy level was associated with a 1.37-fold-higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19 to 1.58] likelihood for @entity1188 , increasing the likelihood by 1.22-fold (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.43) independently of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Higher tHcy levels appear to have associations with increased severity of @entity2998 and prevalent @entity1188 in the Japanese. Larger prospective studies are necessary to establish whether higher tHcy levels serve as a harbinger for insidious carotid and @entity66 .

title: Association of plasma XXXX concentration with atherosclerotic carotid plaques and @entity1188 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity4155 is a newly discovered cytokine that is secreted by activated memory CD4+ T cells and modulated the early stage of immune response. To elucidate the pathophysiology of minimal-change @entity1985 (MCNS), we focused on @entity4155 , which is one of the key factors in regulating an inflammatory response, and thus determined the daily excretion of @entity4155 in urine. METHODS: For this purpose, excretion levels of @entity4155 were measured in the urine of @entity1 with MCNS during relapse and remission using a highly sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained were compared with levels of daily urinary excretion of @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A group of healthy subjects served as control. In both experimental groups urine levels of @entity4155 excretion were plotted against their daily urinary protein excretion. RESULTS: We demonstrated increased levels of @entity4155 excretion in the urine of @entity1 with MCNS and @entity8 as compared to the non- @entity1985 and healthy controls. In MCNS the daily urinary @entity4155 (uIL-17) excretion was increased and returned to baseline with remission of the @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ). We also demonstrated a positive correlation between urinary protein excretion and daily uIL-17 excretion. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data indicate that uIL-17 excretion is increased during the @entity1985 , suggesting the possibility that daily uIL-17 excretion may reflect the disease activity of @entity1985 .

title: Increased urinary excretion of interleukin-17 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'IgAN']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity4155 is a newly discovered cytokine that is secreted by activated memory CD4+ T cells and modulated the early stage of immune response. To elucidate the pathophysiology of minimal-change @entity1985 (MCNS), we focused on @entity4155 , which is one of the key factors in regulating an inflammatory response, and thus determined the daily excretion of @entity4155 in urine. METHODS: For this purpose, excretion levels of @entity4155 were measured in the urine of @entity1 with MCNS during relapse and remission using a highly sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained were compared with levels of daily urinary excretion of @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A group of healthy subjects served as control. In both experimental groups urine levels of @entity4155 excretion were plotted against their daily urinary protein excretion. RESULTS: We demonstrated increased levels of @entity4155 excretion in the urine of @entity1 with MCNS and @entity8 as compared to the non- @entity1985 and healthy controls. In MCNS the daily urinary @entity4155 (uIL-17) excretion was increased and returned to baseline with remission of the @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ). We also demonstrated a positive correlation between urinary protein excretion and daily uIL-17 excretion. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data indicate that uIL-17 excretion is increased during the @entity1985 , suggesting the possibility that daily uIL-17 excretion may reflect the disease activity of @entity1985 .

title: Increased urinary excretion of interleukin-17 in @entity1985 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 is centrilobular necrosis which is usually associated with an acute cardiovascular event and in a general hospital setting has been considered to be a rare condition. It is though thought to be frequently unrecognized, which is important as it has implications for both investigations and drug therapy. Previous reports have not focused on the elderly. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the incidence of @entity99 in elderly @entity1 admitted to a Department of Geriatric Medicine and (2) to assess both the clinical and biochemical features of the condition. METHODS: 1,905 elderly @entity1 (1,270 F, 635 M) admitted consecutively to our department over a 2-year period were assessed prospectively. All were aged > or =65 years (mean 78, range 65-98). @entity99 was diagnosed by a rapid development of @entity409 tests of hepatocellular type in acutely ill @entity1 in whom a fall in blood pressure occurred and other causes of @entity409 were excluded. The admission, lowest and subsequent blood pressures were recorded. Daily renal and liver function tests, including prothrombin times, were measured during the acute illness. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (1%) developed @entity99 . The clinical picture was dominated by the causal condition, the commonest being @entity1002 (12 @entity1 ). The mean fall in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures were 61, 44 and 48 mm Hg, respectively. Within 3 days the @entity493 aminotransferase increased to more than 5 times normal and there were marked elevations of the lactic dehydrogenase. In those who survived, the liver enzymes returned to normal within 7-22 days (mean 13). The prothrombin time was prolonged to >20 s in 6 @entity1 (32%). Six @entity1 died, 5 from @entity1002 ; the mean @entity1011 in 5 of those who died was 244 micromol/l (range 174-355) and in each the @entity1133 was >25 micromol/l. CONCLUSION: @entity99 is an uncommon but not rare condition in elderly @entity1 admitted acutely to a Department of Geriatric Medicine. There was a dramatic rise in liver enzymes which in survivors returned to normal within 3 weeks. Clinical features were dominated by the causal condition and a third of the @entity1 died.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic hepatitis', 'ischaemic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic hepatitis']


abstract: Direct cytotoxic effects of radiocontrast (RC) agents have been implicated in radiocontrast @entity8 (RCIN). The interaction between extracellular @entity460 , which plays a central role in intercellular contacts, and the in vitro @entity137 of RC was tested in Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers grown on permeable supports. Cell viability was determined by @entity3460 exclusion. The function of intercellular junctions was assessed by measuring the electrical transmonolayer resistance (TMR). The cell contacts were examined with indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against the junctional proteins @entity70897 . The ionic RC agents @entity4946 and @entity7567 (74 mg @entity1496 /ml), but not the nonionic compounds @entity6111 or @entity7568 , decreased ionized @entity460 ( @entity141 ) in the incubation media from 1.48 +/- 0.04 mM (control) to 0.89 +/- 0.06 mM ( @entity4946 ), respectively to 1.05 +/- 0.08 mM ( @entity7567 ). @entity4946 , and to a lesser extent @entity7567 , reduced the number of viable MDCK cells and showed a redistribution of the @entity10527 , @entity872 and @entity874 immunofluorescence signal with a parallel decrease of the TMR indicating an impaired monolayer integrity. A similar reduction of extracellular @entity141 through @entity4527 failed to reproduce these effects. Conversely, raising @entity141 in @entity4946 -containing media to control levels did not abrogate its @entity137 . In conclusion, the ionic RC agents @entity4946 and @entity7567 , but not the nonionic compounds @entity6111 or @entity7568 , reduce extracellular @entity141 in vitro. However, this reduction of @entity141 does not explain their cytotoxic effects which could contribute to the pathogenesis of RCIN in vivo by opening intercellular junctions.

title: Ionic radiocontrast media disrupt intercellular contacts via an extracellular XXXX -independent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity4946 :: ('MESH:D003973', 'Chemical') :: ['Diatrizoate', 'diatrizoate']

entities_list: @entity7567 :: ('MESH:D007485', 'Chemical') :: ['ioxaglate']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: Various devices have been developed for the transcatheter closure of secundum @entity118 ( @entity30160 ) to avoid the morbidity, discomfort, and thoracotomy scar associated with surgical closure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer septal occluder for transcatheter closure of @entity30160 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Only @entity1 who were clinically diagnosed with @entity30160 were selected. The anatomy of @entity2438 had to meet certain echocardiographic criteria. Under the guidance of echocardiography and fluoroscopy, the implantation of the device was accomplished as recommended by the manufacturer. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (median age 18.4 years) with an @entity30160 underwent transcatheter closure. Procedure time ranged from 30-200 minutes and fluoroscopy time from 10-50 minutes. The diameter of the @entity2438 measured by echocardiography ranged from 13-25 mm, while both the stretched diameters of the ASDs and the sizes of the devices ranged from 18-34 mm. The successful placement rate was 100%. The residual shunt rate was 100% immediately after device implantation and 10% after 24 hours. After 3 months, 3.3% of the @entity1 had a (trivial) residual shunt. The device did not affect the surrounding structures of @entity2438 . No embolization of the device occurred. CONCLUSION: The Amplatzer device designed for the closure of @entity30160 can be implanted easily and also is retrievable. Due to a low ratio of residual shunt and few complications, this device is a good choice for transcatheter closure of @entity30160 . Long-term follow-up will be required for widespread clinical use.

title: Transcatheter closure of secundum XXXX with a new self-expanding nitinol double disk device (Amplatzer device): experience in Nanjing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: Neonates that present with @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and intact @entity955 (IAS) pose a major management problem for the pediatric cardiac team. They are critically ill newborns with profound @entity519 and @entity520 that require immediate attention. Controversy exists as to the most appropriate management strategy. In one series where a primary and emergent surgical-staged reconstructive procedure was performed, the in-house hospital mortality was 65% and the overall survival was 17%. With equal abysmal results, transcatheter creation of an @entity118 ( @entity118 ) using conventional balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) with or without the combination of blade @entity955 had an unacceptable high risk of @entity299 leading to tamponade and @entity204 . However, using more modern transcatheter techniques of transseptal perforation of the @entity955 followed by progressive and serial balloon septoplasty, creating an @entity118 , significantly reduced the risk of the procedure. In one series, 16 consecutive neonates underwent this type of interventional procedure without procedural mortality. The management strategy of creating an @entity118 in the catheterization lab followed by Stage I reconstructive surgical repair 3-5 days after the initial catheterization procedure improved the in-house survival to 57%. Unfortunately, there continues to be significant attrition of these @entity1 undergoing Stage II and III reconstructive repair, which supports cardiac transplantation as an alternative strategy. There have been echocardiographic and histopathologic studies of these neonates, and an important echo classification of left atrial morphology has been described with perhaps some prognostic implication. In addition, autopsy specimens have demonstrated significant "arterialization" of the pulmonary venous architecture that likely dooms the @entity1 with single ventricle physiology to a poor outcome. Future improvement in transcatheter techniques and materials offer promise in palliating these critically ill neonates. The concept of radiofrequency energy perforating catheters has great merit and may reduce the risk of @entity299 as compared with the rigid and long transseptal needle. Echocardiographic imaging at the time of entry through the IAS may improve the safety as well. The novel concepts of "butterfly" or " @entity235 -bone" stents placed across the @entity955 creates a precisely sized @entity118 that may be more conducive to effectively lower left @entity101 , yet avoids excessive pulmonary blood flow associated with large atrial communications. In addition, new materials, such as the Cutting Balloon Catheter, may offer promise in creating ASDs in these @entity1 . A more @entity146 approach would be to consider intrauterine fetal transcatheter opening of the IAS using modified techniques that have been attempted for @entity3585 . Unfortunately to date, the results of attempted relief of @entity472 have been extremely poor. Finally, we as interventionalists need to continue to improve our skills to help in the complex management of these critically ill neonates and @entity1 . Only through continued efforts of the entire cardiac team of intensivists, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and interventionalists will our management strategy be defined to maximize the future outcome in this group of @entity1 .

title: Intervention in the critically ill neonate and @entity1 with @entity1699 and intact XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['atrial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septotomy', 'atrial septum']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac perforation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial septum']


abstract: Neonates that present with @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and intact @entity955 (IAS) pose a major management problem for the pediatric cardiac team. They are critically ill newborns with profound @entity519 and @entity520 that require immediate attention. Controversy exists as to the most appropriate management strategy. In one series where a primary and emergent surgical-staged reconstructive procedure was performed, the in-house hospital mortality was 65% and the overall survival was 17%. With equal abysmal results, transcatheter creation of an @entity118 ( @entity118 ) using conventional balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) with or without the combination of blade @entity955 had an unacceptable high risk of @entity299 leading to tamponade and @entity204 . However, using more modern transcatheter techniques of transseptal perforation of the @entity955 followed by progressive and serial balloon septoplasty, creating an @entity118 , significantly reduced the risk of the procedure. In one series, 16 consecutive neonates underwent this type of interventional procedure without procedural mortality. The management strategy of creating an @entity118 in the catheterization lab followed by Stage I reconstructive surgical repair 3-5 days after the initial catheterization procedure improved the in-house survival to 57%. Unfortunately, there continues to be significant attrition of these @entity1 undergoing Stage II and III reconstructive repair, which supports cardiac transplantation as an alternative strategy. There have been echocardiographic and histopathologic studies of these neonates, and an important echo classification of left atrial morphology has been described with perhaps some prognostic implication. In addition, autopsy specimens have demonstrated significant "arterialization" of the pulmonary venous architecture that likely dooms the @entity1 with single ventricle physiology to a poor outcome. Future improvement in transcatheter techniques and materials offer promise in palliating these critically ill neonates. The concept of radiofrequency energy perforating catheters has great merit and may reduce the risk of @entity299 as compared with the rigid and long transseptal needle. Echocardiographic imaging at the time of entry through the IAS may improve the safety as well. The novel concepts of "butterfly" or " @entity235 -bone" stents placed across the @entity955 creates a precisely sized @entity118 that may be more conducive to effectively lower left @entity101 , yet avoids excessive pulmonary blood flow associated with large atrial communications. In addition, new materials, such as the Cutting Balloon Catheter, may offer promise in creating ASDs in these @entity1 . A more @entity146 approach would be to consider intrauterine fetal transcatheter opening of the IAS using modified techniques that have been attempted for @entity3585 . Unfortunately to date, the results of attempted relief of @entity472 have been extremely poor. Finally, we as interventionalists need to continue to improve our skills to help in the complex management of these critically ill neonates and @entity1 . Only through continued efforts of the entire cardiac team of intensivists, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and interventionalists will our management strategy be defined to maximize the future outcome in this group of @entity1 .

title: Intervention in the critically ill neonate and @entity1 with XXXX and intact @entity955 .

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: Neonates that present with @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and intact @entity955 (IAS) pose a major management problem for the pediatric cardiac team. They are critically ill newborns with profound @entity519 and @entity520 that require immediate attention. Controversy exists as to the most appropriate management strategy. In one series where a primary and emergent surgical-staged reconstructive procedure was performed, the in-house hospital mortality was 65% and the overall survival was 17%. With equal abysmal results, transcatheter creation of an @entity118 ( @entity118 ) using conventional balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) with or without the combination of blade @entity955 had an unacceptable high risk of @entity299 leading to tamponade and @entity204 . However, using more modern transcatheter techniques of transseptal perforation of the @entity955 followed by progressive and serial balloon septoplasty, creating an @entity118 , significantly reduced the risk of the procedure. In one series, 16 consecutive neonates underwent this type of interventional procedure without procedural mortality. The management strategy of creating an @entity118 in the catheterization lab followed by Stage I reconstructive surgical repair 3-5 days after the initial catheterization procedure improved the in-house survival to 57%. Unfortunately, there continues to be significant attrition of these @entity1 undergoing Stage II and III reconstructive repair, which supports cardiac transplantation as an alternative strategy. There have been echocardiographic and histopathologic studies of these neonates, and an important echo classification of left atrial morphology has been described with perhaps some prognostic implication. In addition, autopsy specimens have demonstrated significant "arterialization" of the pulmonary venous architecture that likely dooms the @entity1 with single ventricle physiology to a poor outcome. Future improvement in transcatheter techniques and materials offer promise in palliating these critically ill neonates. The concept of radiofrequency energy perforating catheters has great merit and may reduce the risk of @entity299 as compared with the rigid and long transseptal needle. Echocardiographic imaging at the time of entry through the IAS may improve the safety as well. The novel concepts of "butterfly" or " @entity235 -bone" stents placed across the @entity955 creates a precisely sized @entity118 that may be more conducive to effectively lower left @entity101 , yet avoids excessive pulmonary blood flow associated with large atrial communications. In addition, new materials, such as the Cutting Balloon Catheter, may offer promise in creating ASDs in these @entity1 . A more @entity146 approach would be to consider intrauterine fetal transcatheter opening of the IAS using modified techniques that have been attempted for @entity3585 . Unfortunately to date, the results of attempted relief of @entity472 have been extremely poor. Finally, we as interventionalists need to continue to improve our skills to help in the complex management of these critically ill neonates and @entity1 . Only through continued efforts of the entire cardiac team of intensivists, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and interventionalists will our management strategy be defined to maximize the future outcome in this group of @entity1 .

title: Intervention in the critically ill neonate and XXXX with @entity1699 and intact @entity955 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop, introduce and test a methodology, which provides valid data about the prevalence and incidence of chronic, non-communicable diseases of great public health importance. DESIGN: The School of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Hungary and the National Public Health and Medical Officer Service the first time launched a morbidity sentinel stations network of general practitioners in four counties in Hungary in May 1998. Within the framework of this program the participating general practitioners reported the prevalence data of @entity65 , @entity6 , @entity1575 , and major @entity5 at the beginning, and from than on continuously report the incidence of these diseases. The authors built quality assurance into the program at different levels in order to ensure high quality data. @entity1 : The study population consists of @entity1 belonging to the participating general practitioners' practices at any time, selected in a way to represent the eastern and western part of the country as well as the participating practices in the counties (Gy  r-Moson-Sopron, Hajd  -Bihar, Szabolcs-Szatm  r-Bereg, Zala) would give a geographically and according to settlement size representative sample of general practitioners in those counties. Eighty general practitioners were approached in the four counties by the county offices and overall 73 of them, 1.4% of the total practices in Hungary (5212), agreed to participate in the study, therefore information can be collected on 1.37% of the Hungarian population's (138,088 @entity1 ) morbidity status. MAIN RESULTS: The population of practices participating in the program gives a representative sample of the counties population by age and sex. The prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity1575 is high in all the counties involved. In most of the selected diseases the authors have found differences in the prevalence between the eastern and western part of Hungary with higher values in the western counties. The differences were most apparent in the older age groups in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The development and sustainability of primary care based, sentinel stations type, euroconform morbidity data collection system is undoubtedly justified in Hungary. The collected and thoroughly analysed data provide not only a valid and comprehensive basis to describe some aspects of the health status of the Hungarian population but also gives an opportunity to continuously monitor the changes in morbidity of the selected diseases. Thus, the program serves an important basis for health care capacity building, priority setting and the evaluation of the effectiveness of public health interventions.

title: [Establishment and preliminary evaluation of the General Practitioners' Morbidity Sentinel Stations Program in Hungary. Prevalence of XXXX , @entity6 and @entity1575 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop, introduce and test a methodology, which provides valid data about the prevalence and incidence of chronic, non-communicable diseases of great public health importance. DESIGN: The School of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Hungary and the National Public Health and Medical Officer Service the first time launched a morbidity sentinel stations network of general practitioners in four counties in Hungary in May 1998. Within the framework of this program the participating general practitioners reported the prevalence data of @entity65 , @entity6 , @entity1575 , and major @entity5 at the beginning, and from than on continuously report the incidence of these diseases. The authors built quality assurance into the program at different levels in order to ensure high quality data. @entity1 : The study population consists of @entity1 belonging to the participating general practitioners' practices at any time, selected in a way to represent the eastern and western part of the country as well as the participating practices in the counties (Gy  r-Moson-Sopron, Hajd  -Bihar, Szabolcs-Szatm  r-Bereg, Zala) would give a geographically and according to settlement size representative sample of general practitioners in those counties. Eighty general practitioners were approached in the four counties by the county offices and overall 73 of them, 1.4% of the total practices in Hungary (5212), agreed to participate in the study, therefore information can be collected on 1.37% of the Hungarian population's (138,088 @entity1 ) morbidity status. MAIN RESULTS: The population of practices participating in the program gives a representative sample of the counties population by age and sex. The prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity1575 is high in all the counties involved. In most of the selected diseases the authors have found differences in the prevalence between the eastern and western part of Hungary with higher values in the western counties. The differences were most apparent in the older age groups in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The development and sustainability of primary care based, sentinel stations type, euroconform morbidity data collection system is undoubtedly justified in Hungary. The collected and thoroughly analysed data provide not only a valid and comprehensive basis to describe some aspects of the health status of the Hungarian population but also gives an opportunity to continuously monitor the changes in morbidity of the selected diseases. Thus, the program serves an important basis for health care capacity building, priority setting and the evaluation of the effectiveness of public health interventions.

title: [Establishment and preliminary evaluation of the General Practitioners' Morbidity Sentinel Stations Program in Hungary. Prevalence of @entity101 , XXXX and @entity1575 ].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop, introduce and test a methodology, which provides valid data about the prevalence and incidence of chronic, non-communicable diseases of great public health importance. DESIGN: The School of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Hungary and the National Public Health and Medical Officer Service the first time launched a morbidity sentinel stations network of general practitioners in four counties in Hungary in May 1998. Within the framework of this program the participating general practitioners reported the prevalence data of @entity65 , @entity6 , @entity1575 , and major @entity5 at the beginning, and from than on continuously report the incidence of these diseases. The authors built quality assurance into the program at different levels in order to ensure high quality data. @entity1 : The study population consists of @entity1 belonging to the participating general practitioners' practices at any time, selected in a way to represent the eastern and western part of the country as well as the participating practices in the counties (Gy  r-Moson-Sopron, Hajd  -Bihar, Szabolcs-Szatm  r-Bereg, Zala) would give a geographically and according to settlement size representative sample of general practitioners in those counties. Eighty general practitioners were approached in the four counties by the county offices and overall 73 of them, 1.4% of the total practices in Hungary (5212), agreed to participate in the study, therefore information can be collected on 1.37% of the Hungarian population's (138,088 @entity1 ) morbidity status. MAIN RESULTS: The population of practices participating in the program gives a representative sample of the counties population by age and sex. The prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity1575 is high in all the counties involved. In most of the selected diseases the authors have found differences in the prevalence between the eastern and western part of Hungary with higher values in the western counties. The differences were most apparent in the older age groups in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The development and sustainability of primary care based, sentinel stations type, euroconform morbidity data collection system is undoubtedly justified in Hungary. The collected and thoroughly analysed data provide not only a valid and comprehensive basis to describe some aspects of the health status of the Hungarian population but also gives an opportunity to continuously monitor the changes in morbidity of the selected diseases. Thus, the program serves an important basis for health care capacity building, priority setting and the evaluation of the effectiveness of public health interventions.

title: [Establishment and preliminary evaluation of the General Practitioners' Morbidity Sentinel Stations Program in Hungary. Prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the nasal resistance in different position and its possible @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHOD: The positional rhinomanometry and the detection of polysomnography were performed in 14 normal subjects, 20 snoring @entity1 and 40 @entity1 with @entity27 . RESULT: The study reveals that: 1. the nasal resistance in seated position and in supine position of the @entity1 with @entity27 but without @entity11766 or snoring @entity1 without @entity11766 were higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). 2. The nasal resistance in seated position and in supine position of the @entity1 with both @entity27 and @entity11766 were higher than that of the snoring @entity1 with @entity11766 (P < 0.05). 3. The nasal resistance in supine position was higher than the nasal resistance in seated position in all the groups (P < 0.05), even in the @entity1 with @entity27 (P < 0.01). 4. The AHI, waken intervals, snoring index of the @entity1 both with @entity27 and @entity11766 were higher than those of the @entity1 only with @entity27 . CONCLUSION: Nasal resistance increased in the @entity1 with snoring or @entity27 and increased more in the supine position. Nasal resistance may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity27 .

title: [The study of the relationship between XXXX and positional nasal resistance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal diseases', 'nasal disease']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'relationship to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']