abstract: BACKGROUND: We have developed an exercise machine prototype for increasing exercise intensity by means of passively exercising lower limb muscles. The purpose of the present study was to compare the passive exercise intensity of our newly-developed machine with the intensities of different types of exercises. We also attempted to measure muscle activity to study how these forms of exercise affected individual parts of the body. METHODS: Subjects were 14 healthy @entity1 with the following demographics: age 30 years, height 171.5 cm, weight 68.3 kg. They performed 4 types of exercise: Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise (PWLLE), Simulated @entity1641 riding exercise (SHRE), Bicycle exercise, and Walking exercise, as described below at an interval of one week or longer. @entity26 uptake, blood pressure, heart rate, and electromyogram (EMG) were measured or recorded during exercise. At rest prior to exercise and immediately after the end of each exercise intensity, the oxygenated hemoglobin levels of the lower limb muscles were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy to calculate the rate of decline. This rate of decline was obtained immediately after exercise as well as at rest to calculate @entity26 consumption of the lower limb muscles as expressed as a ratio of a post-exercise rate of decline to a resting one. RESULTS: The heart rate and @entity26 uptake observed in PWLLE during maximal intensity were comparable to that of a 20-watt bicycle exercise or 2 km/hr walking exercise. Maximal intensity PWLLE was found to provoke muscle activity comparable to an 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. As was the case with the EMG results, during maximal intensity PWLLE, the rectus femoris muscle consumed @entity26 in amounts identical to that of an 80-watt bicycle or a 6 km/hr walking exercise. CONCLUSION: Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise using our trial machine could provide approximately 3 MET of exercise and the thigh exhibited muscle activity equivalent to that of 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. Namely, given the same @entity26 uptake, PWLLE exceeded bicycle or walking exercise in muscle activity, thus PWLLE is believed to strengthen muscle power while reducing the load imposed on the cardiopulmonary system.

title: A study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated XXXX riding, bicycle, and walking exercise.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen', 'oxygen']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2977 ( @entity2977 ) in adults is very rare, and surgical resection is the treatment of choice. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in adult @entity1 with @entity2977 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of nine consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity2977 treated surgically between January 1995 and April 2006 at a single center. The clinical characteristics and surgical outcome were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The records of five @entity1 and four @entity1 were examined. The median age at diagnosis was 30.5 years (range 16-44 years). The most frequent symptoms were cough (n=4) and hemoptysis (n=2). Three @entity1 had recurrent @entity1729 . Chest computed tomography (CT) was reviewed in all cases. The lesions were on the right side in six @entity1 and on the left in three. All @entity1 had lesions in a single lobe, except one @entity1 who had multi-lobar lesions. The @entity2977 appeared as thin-walled multi-septated @entity5409 in six @entity1 and as parenchymal consolidations in three @entity1 . Four @entity1 underwent VATS lobectomy and four underwent lobectomy through a conventional open thoracotomy. One @entity1 had open pneumonectomy. The median operating time (160 min in VATS lobectomy and 165 min in open lobectomy), median duration of chest tube drainage (4 days in VATS lobectomy and 6.5 days in open lobectomy), and postoperative complications (one @entity1 in each treatment group) were similar between the VATS and open lobectomy groups. The hospital stay was shorter in the VATS lobectomy group (median 5 days) than in the open lobectomy group (median 7.5 days). No postoperative or procedure-related mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2977 is rare in adults. @entity1 usually present with recurrent @entity1729 and thin-walled multi-septated @entity5409 . VATS is a feasible and safe technique to treat adult @entity1 with @entity2977 .

title: Clinical characteristics and feasibility of thoracoscopic approach for XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation', 'CCAM']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

answer: @entity2977 :: (MESH:D015615,Disease) :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To discuss the shortcomings of current staging systems and to suggest modifications according to new surgical methods and data. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review. METHODS: The medical records of 36 @entity1 , all of whom underwent resection of juvenile @entity18871 by external or endonasal approach between 1983 and 2002, were reviewed retrospectively. Follow-up period of @entity1 ranged from 3 to 7 years (mean, 4.5 years). @entity5 extent, sites and rate of persistent disease were analyzed and compared with the literature. RESULTS: Persistent or recurrent disease was found in 12 of the 36 @entity1 (33%). The primary @entity5 of these 12 cases invaded one or more anatomic region beside nasopharynx: the base of the pterygoid process in 9 cases (75%), the infratemporal fossa in 4 (33%), the pterygomaxillar fossa in 4 (33%), and the sphenoid sinus in 2 cases (17%). Involvement of the pterygoid process base was observed in only 3 of the 24 @entity1 without persistent disease, whereas it was found 10 out of 12 @entity1 with persistent disease. CONCLUSIONS: Advances in radiographic imaging, embolization, and surgical methods of treating @entity18871 have changed the sites associated with a high risk for persistent disease or morbidity. These changes have made it necessary for the authors to devise more appropriate classifications and, subsequently, several new staging systems were gradually introduced. Recent technological advances, particularly angled endoscopes, have resulted in improved exposure. In the light of all these recent advances, data from our series, and the literature, we suggested a new classification for determining the risk of persistent disease, choosing the appropriate surgical method, and for maintaining uniformity.

title: Juvenile XXXX : a revised staging system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma', 'angiofibromas']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']


abstract: According to the American Association for the Study of @entity409 guidelines, percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) is a safe and highly effective treatment for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and should be the standard against which any new therapy is compared. The primary purpose of this study was to identify survival benefit of any percutaneous ablation therapy as compared with @entity8681 in the treatment of @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 . The secondary endpoints were @entity5 response, local @entity5 progression, and complications. Randomized controlled trials that compared pecutaneous ablative therapies with @entity8681 were included. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CANCERLIT, and manual search from 1978 to July 2008 were used. To control the potential heterogeneity, the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird was used for a meta-analysis. Egger's test was performed to test a potential publication bias. We identified seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but only four RCTs including 652 @entity1 that compared radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with @entity8681 met the inclusion criteria to perform a meta-analysis assessing 3-year survival. A meta-analysis of the four RCTs demonstrated a significant improvement in 3-year survival favoring RFA over @entity8681 (odds ratio 0.477, 95% confidence interval 0.340-0.670; P < 0.001). Heterogeneity among the four trials was not significant (Q = 4.586; P= 0.205). Egger's test revealed that the publication bias was not significant (P = 0.647). However, the number of @entity1 included in the analysis was insufficient for a robust meta-analysis of @entity5 response. The @entity5 progression or major complication was not unified among the trials included in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: RFA demonstrated significantly improved 3-year survival status for @entity1 with @entity157 , when compared to @entity8681 .

title: Systematic review of randomized trials for XXXX treated with percutaneous ablation therapies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'definition of local tumor', 'initial tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Diseases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'small hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Posterior nose @entity548 is a frequent and challenging emergency. The authors report their experience using hot water irrigation as a non-invasive treatment option for @entity1415 . Between January 2003 and January 2005 a group of 103 @entity1 were enrolled in this prospective study evaluating the effectiveness of a "hot water irrigation" technique to control acute posterior nose @entity548 . All @entity1 with @entity1415 were included, whereas @entity1415 was controlled using conventional methods. The @entity1 's nose was initially anaesthetized with topical Tetracain 4% (without vasoconstriction) and a modified @entity1415 was introduced into the @entity548 nasal cavity obstructing the choana. The @entity548 nasal cavity was continuously irrigated using 500 ml of 50 degrees C hot water. In a total of 84 @entity1 (82%) the @entity548 was successfully and permanently stopped. Forty-seven of these @entity1 (56%) regularly took antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. The method failed in 19 of 103 @entity1 (18%). In the group with unsuccessful irrigation, 11 @entity1 (58%) were receiving treatment with antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. Their proportion was not different from the successfully treated group. The success rate of hot water irrigation as non-invasive treatment of @entity1415 appears at least as effective as conventional methods. However it avoids painful packing, hospitalizations, or immediate surgery, and allows the @entity1 to breath normally through his open nasal cavities.

title: Non-invasive treatment of intractable XXXX with hot-water irrigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['posterior epistaxis', 'anterior epistaxis', 'epistaxis-balloon-catheter']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['posterior epistaxis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of cervical laminectomy with posterior lateral mass fusion/fixation in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ). METHOD: Twenty-five @entity1 treated for @entity3799 by laminectomy and lateral mass fusion at the Division of Neurosurgery at The Ohio State University between 1989 and 1994 were studied retrospectively. Only @entity1 with longer than 2-year postoperative follow-up durations were included. At follow-up examination, each @entity1 completed an SF36 questionnaire, underwent a physical examination, underwent plain radiography showing the spinal curvature with plate and screw position, and underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine, which evaluated dural sac decompression and @entity602 . @entity1 -generated data were used for outcome measurements. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 47.5 months. Good outcome was defined by the presence of three criteria: ability to walk unassisted (Grade IIIA or better), ability to write unassisted, and ability to manage buttons and/or zippers unassisted. The inability to meet these criteria was defined as a poor outcome. Two @entity1 (8%) experienced complications that resulted from the surgery. There was no instability or progression to significant @entity1513 . Lesions that were hyperintense on magnetic resonance images did not correlate with outcome. Eighty percent of the @entity1 achieved good outcomes, and 76% had improved @entity602 scores. None of the @entity1 had late @entity16 . @entity1 with better neurological statuses at the time of surgery (Grade IIIA or better) were more likely to improve (P < 0.0001); the likelihood of a change in status for those starting with poorer grades (IIIB or worse) was not statistically significant (P < 0.08). CONCLUSION: Cervical laminectomy with posterior fusion/fixation proved useful in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3799 with straight or lordotic spines and multilevel compression. This therapy addresses the dynamic and compressive forces that are important in the pathogenesis of @entity3799 , resulting in minimal complications and possible improvement in long-term outcomes.

title: Cervical spondylotic XXXX : functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'spinal cord abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CSM', 'cervical spondylotic myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity50 can lead to @entity428 and can be complicated by @entity932 . We present a case report of a @entity1 who underwent endovascular recanalization and stenting of a thrombosed occipital sinus. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old @entity1 with a history of chronic @entity50 refractory to anticoagulant therapy presented with acute onset of @entity2026 and @entity1269 . Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity1276 and @entity2657 . Angiography delineated multiple dural arteriovenous fistulae and persistent occlusion of the posterior sagittal, occipital, and bilateral transverse dural sinuses with retrograde cortical venous drainage. INTERVENTION: After embolization of the dural arteriovenous fistulae, a transvenous approach was used to recanalize and perform balloon angioplasty of the right internal jugular vein and the occipital and left transverse sinuses, resulting in subsequent clinical improvement. The @entity1 's condition deteriorated 3 days later with reocclusion of both balloon-dilated sinuses. Repeat angioplasty and then deployment of an endovascular stent in the occipital sinus were performed, and reestablishment of venous outflow was achieved, resulting in a decrease of intracranial venous pressure from 41 to 14 mm Hg and neurological improvement. At the 3-month follow-up examination, the stented occipital sinus remained patent and served as the only conduit for extracranial venous outflow; the @entity1 remained neurologically intact at the 12-month follow-up examination. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of mechanical recanalization, balloon angioplasty, and stent deployment in the occipital sinus to provide sustained venous outflow for the treatment of @entity101 with retrograde cortical venous drainage in a @entity1 with dural pansinus @entity715 refractory to anticoagulant therapy.

title: Endovascular recanalization with balloon angioplasty and stenting of an occluded occipital sinus for treatment of XXXX : technical case report.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Dural sinus thrombosis', 'sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial venous hypertension']


abstract: Foot ulcers are a significant @entity6 and often precede lower extremity amputation. The most frequent underlying etiologies are @entity16 , @entity130 , @entity85 , @entity101 , and @entity3657 . Loss of protective sensation is the primary factor in foot ulceration in diabetics. Mechanical stresses resulting from @entity85 , @entity2720 , and poor foot care/footwear are important in the causal pathway of both @entity63 . It was shown that the recurrence of @entity281 was common among Indian @entity6 @entity1 (52%). A lesser prevalence of @entity1095 (13%) among Indians was noted when compared with those in Western countries (48%). Smoking increases the risk by reducing blood circulation in the legs and reducing sensation in the feet. Prompt and aggressive treatment of @entity4760 can often prevent exacerbation of the problem and eliminate the potential for amputation. The aim of the therapy should be early intervention to allow prompt healing of the lesion and prevent recurrence once it is healed. Multidisciplinary management programs that focus on prevention, education, regular foot examinations, aggressive intervention, and optimal use of therapeutic footwear have demonstrated significant reductions in the history of lower extremity amputations.

title: The XXXX foot: perspectives from Chennai, South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high plantar pressures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'complication of diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic and ischemic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['foot infection']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['limited joint mobility']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'joint deformity']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity1 characteristics and correlate between the site and severity of the @entity32 and ocular and/or @entity262 association in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity3170 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Medical records of 100 @entity1 with @entity3170 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using a customized database software. RESULTS: The age range at presentation was 18 to 76 years (mean, 43; median, 44). Sixty-nine percent of the @entity1 were female. Thirty-two (32%) @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The @entity3170 was nodular in 23 eyes (16%). Half of the @entity1 had a concurrent @entity2194 . @entity262 was found in 36 @entity1 (36%). In two @entity1 , @entity3170 preceded a systemic @entity66 ( @entity2883 and @entity9465 ). Ocular complications included @entity1596 (11.4%), corneal involvement (15%), and @entity726 (7.8%). No significant correlation of the site and severity of @entity32 to the presence of associated @entity2194 was found. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months. Twenty-eight @entity1 experienced recurrence of @entity3170 during the follow-up. Half of the @entity1 required treatment with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3170 is usually a benign, self-limited disease, but it should not be trivialized since it may be associated with @entity66 . A careful review of systems should be performed in all @entity1 presenting with @entity3170 , and this should be repeated at least annually during the follow-up. A thorough eye examination is obviously essential to detect and treat @entity2194 .

title: Severity of @entity3170 and XXXX association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or ocular diseases', 'eye disease', 'ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic disease', 'systemic disease and ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Associated systemic disease', 'systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Wegener granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity9465 :: ('MESH:D055952', 'Disease') :: ['Cogan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['Episcleritis', 'episcleritis']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity1 characteristics and correlate between the site and severity of the @entity32 and ocular and/or @entity262 association in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity3170 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Medical records of 100 @entity1 with @entity3170 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using a customized database software. RESULTS: The age range at presentation was 18 to 76 years (mean, 43; median, 44). Sixty-nine percent of the @entity1 were female. Thirty-two (32%) @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The @entity3170 was nodular in 23 eyes (16%). Half of the @entity1 had a concurrent @entity2194 . @entity262 was found in 36 @entity1 (36%). In two @entity1 , @entity3170 preceded a systemic @entity66 ( @entity2883 and @entity9465 ). Ocular complications included @entity1596 (11.4%), corneal involvement (15%), and @entity726 (7.8%). No significant correlation of the site and severity of @entity32 to the presence of associated @entity2194 was found. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months. Twenty-eight @entity1 experienced recurrence of @entity3170 during the follow-up. Half of the @entity1 required treatment with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3170 is usually a benign, self-limited disease, but it should not be trivialized since it may be associated with @entity66 . A careful review of systems should be performed in all @entity1 presenting with @entity3170 , and this should be repeated at least annually during the follow-up. A thorough eye examination is obviously essential to detect and treat @entity2194 .

title: Severity of XXXX and @entity262 association.

answer: @entity3170 :: (MESH:D015423,Disease) :: ['episcleritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the frequency of @entity3002 (CNS) from @entity706 and to evaluate whether CNS prophylaxis is appropriate for these @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with biopsy-confirmed @entity706 were evaluated between 1989 and 1995. The @entity706 were subclassified histopathologically according to the new Revised @entity706 (REAL) criteria. Molecular genetic analysis of @entity5 cell DNA was done by Southern blot. @entity1 had a complete ophthalmologic evaluation and metastatic work-up and were then routinely followed up by an ophthalmologist and a medical oncologist. RESULTS: The 34 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 studied had a median age of 67 years (23 to 92). Ocular @entity706 were situated in the orbit in 54 @entity1 , in the conjunctiva in 14 @entity1 , and in the eyelid in 3 @entity1 . Bilateral involvement occurred in 11 @entity1 . The most common histologic diagnoses were (54 @entity1 , 76%) extra-nodal marginal @entity706 and @entity1072 in 10 @entity1 (14%). Molecular genetic analysis performed in all @entity1 confirmed a monoclonal B-cell population in 55 @entity1 (77%), including a single rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in 14 @entity1 , and more than two rearrangements in 41 @entity1 . No @entity1 had isolated T-cell gene rearrangements. @entity706 was diagnosed in 43 @entity1 (61%), 17 @entity1 (24%) were found to have concurrent @entity706 on metastatic work-up and 11 @entity1 (15%) had a previous diagnosis of @entity706 before the onset of their @entity5 . The median duration of follow-up was 20 months. Overall, 32 @entity1 (45%) had @entity5 , which remained localized to the orbit adnexa. Eleven @entity1 (15%) relapsed, but none had eye or central nervous system involvement nor required CNS-directed therapy. Although eight @entity1 died, only two died as a direct result of @entity706 . No @entity1 received CNS prophylaxis with either intrathecal chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Ocular @entity706 are rare non-Hodgkin's @entity1892 . Metastatic involvement of the eye or central nervous system is rare and CNS prophylaxis with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is unnecessary.

title: Is central nervous system prophylaxis necessary in ocular XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['zone lymphomas', 'European-American Lymphoma', 'Localized ocular adnexal lymphoma', 'systemic lymphoma', 'extraocular lymphoma', 'adnexal lymphomas', 'ocular adnexal lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ocular tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis to the eye and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['small lymphocytic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['adnexal lymphoma']


abstract: The @entity3494 species @entity71508 has been described as a contaminant of surface waters of anthropogenic origin. Here, we undertake to identify the most sensitive biological receptor among several sentinel aquatic species used in eco-toxicological assessment and to understand @entity137 in terms of internal dose. Therefore, a screening of short-term effects using different aquatic organisms (bacterium @entity7866 , fish @entity3392 , crustacean Daphnia magna and green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) was conducted. For most organisms tested, effects were not detectable even at very high @entity71508 concentrations (up to 9.6mM) and thus the ecotoxic potential was found to be low in comparison to other @entity3494 compounds. The only organisms showing a clear response were the unicellular green alga, e.g. S. vacuolatus with an EC(50) value of 1.12 mM (84 mg L(-1) As). A linear relationship between ambient and internal concentration was found for this organism with a slope of 1.63 x 10(-3). Therefore, the internal concentration which shows a significant effect, e.g. 20% of inhibition of reproduction, was found to occur at a relatively low internal dose of 0.98 microM. Moreover, no biotransformation products inside the algae could be detected using @entity3494 speciation analysis with @entity428 , thus biological effects must be attributed to the untransformed compound. We conclude that the very low uptake observed for @entity71508 may be interpreted as preventive against toxic effects for the organisms.

title: Uptake and XXXX of @entity71508 in aquatic organisms.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7866 :: ('668', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio fischeri']

entities_list: @entity71508 :: ('MESH:C521298', 'Chemical') :: ['hexafluoroarsenate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The @entity3494 species @entity71508 has been described as a contaminant of surface waters of anthropogenic origin. Here, we undertake to identify the most sensitive biological receptor among several sentinel aquatic species used in eco-toxicological assessment and to understand @entity137 in terms of internal dose. Therefore, a screening of short-term effects using different aquatic organisms (bacterium @entity7866 , fish @entity3392 , crustacean Daphnia magna and green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) was conducted. For most organisms tested, effects were not detectable even at very high @entity71508 concentrations (up to 9.6mM) and thus the ecotoxic potential was found to be low in comparison to other @entity3494 compounds. The only organisms showing a clear response were the unicellular green alga, e.g. S. vacuolatus with an EC(50) value of 1.12 mM (84 mg L(-1) As). A linear relationship between ambient and internal concentration was found for this organism with a slope of 1.63 x 10(-3). Therefore, the internal concentration which shows a significant effect, e.g. 20% of inhibition of reproduction, was found to occur at a relatively low internal dose of 0.98 microM. Moreover, no biotransformation products inside the algae could be detected using @entity3494 speciation analysis with @entity428 , thus biological effects must be attributed to the untransformed compound. We conclude that the very low uptake observed for @entity71508 may be interpreted as preventive against toxic effects for the organisms.

title: Uptake and @entity137 of XXXX in aquatic organisms.

answer: @entity71508 :: (MESH:C521298,Chemical) :: ['hexafluoroarsenate']


abstract: Infection by @entity4538 ) is associated with the development of @entity455 and may cause severe @entity75 in infected fetuses. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta ( @entity18514 ) control important cellular processes associated with @entity731 and fetal development. In the present investigation, our goal was to determine whether infection by HCMV can influence the expression of @entity18514 in @entity1 smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In connection with HCMV infection in vitro the levels of @entity18514 at the cell surface and in the total cellular protein of SMCs were reduced in parallel with decreases in the levels of the corresponding mRNAs. These effects were dependent on immediate-early (IE) or early (E) HCMV gene products, since inhibition of late genes did not prevent HCMV from affecting the expression of @entity18514 . The downregulation of @entity3820 caused by HCMV was dose dependent. Furthermore, confocal microscopy revealed that the localization of @entity3820 was altered in HCMV-infected cells, in which this protein colocalized with proteins associated with endosomes ( @entity71509 ) and lysosomes ( @entity59827 ), indicating entrance into pathways for protein degradation. Altogether these observations indicate that an IE and/or E HCMV protein(s) downregulates the expression of @entity18514 in SMCs. This phenomenon may disrupt cellular processes of importance in connection with cellular differentiation, migration, and/or proliferation. These observations may explain why @entity281 with HCMV can cause fetal @entity75 .

title: XXXX downregulates expression of receptors for platelet-derived growth factor by smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['congenital infection']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['Human cytomegalovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychological wellbeing of sole mothers in Australia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of survey data from The Australian Longitudinal Study on @entity1 's Health. @entity1 : 9689 younger @entity1 (aged 22-27 years) surveyed in 2000 and 12 338 mid-age @entity1 (aged 47-52 years) surveyed in 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic characteristics and economic status; prevalence of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, and psychoactive medication use; @entity308 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and @entity458 (the Mental Health Component Score of the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]). RESULTS: Among the younger @entity1 , sole mothers were more likely than other @entity1 to have experienced suicidal thoughts (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% CI, 1.45-3.27) and self-harm (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.97-5.38). Among the younger and mid-age @entity1 , sole mothers were the group most likely to have used medication for @entity308 (ORs, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.76-4.30] and 2.29 [95% CI, 1.56-3.37], respectively). They were more than twice as likely to have experienced @entity308 , and had significantly poorer @entity458 (P < 0.001). After adjusting for economic status, only @entity308 and @entity458 remained significantly associated with sole motherhood, and the strength of these relationships was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Economic status partly accounts for the relatively poorer @entity458 of sole mothers. Sole mothers are more likely than other @entity1 to experience debilitating @entity458 .

title: The XXXX of sole mothers in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health problems', 'psychological health']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological health']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a nurse-led preoperative @entity231 assessment and postoperative care clinic and to assess the safety, efficacy and outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : A prospective study involving 185 public @entity1 (221 eyes) referred to the Department of Ophthalmology at Flinders Medical Centre for @entity231 surgery. The study was conducted between February 2003 and August 2004. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were assessed in the nurse-led preoperative assessment clinic. Those deemed suitable for @entity231 surgery were also assessed by an ophthalmologist and underwent @entity231 surgery if appropriate. The nurse managed postoperative care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concordance between nurse practitioner and ophthalmologist assessments; waiting times for first clinic appointment and surgery; visual acuity and degree of @entity227 ; @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: 114 @entity1 (61.6%) were assigned to see the ophthalmologist for @entity231 surgery. Median waiting times fell from 115 days (range, 23-268 days) to 21 days (range, 9-43 days) for initial clinic appointment, and from 44 days (range, 5-148 days) to 29 days (range, 14-154 days) for surgery. All 114 @entity1 were listed for @entity231 surgery, and surgery had been performed on 121 eyes by the end of the study. After surgery, visual acuity improved by a mean of 0.45 logMAR (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) (SD, 0.24; range, 0.08-1.32). All @entity1 had improved visual ability and high levels of satisfaction. Three quality assurance evaluations demonstrated full concordance between nurse and ophthalmologist assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a nurse-led @entity231 assessment clinic improved access to care for public @entity1 with @entity231 . The safety and efficacy of the program and its excellent visual and @entity1 -centred outcomes commend its adaptation and implementation to other ophthalmology departments.

title: The efficacy of a nurse-led preoperative XXXX assessment and postoperative care clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Clinical acoustic voice-recording analysis is usually performed using classical perturbation measures, including jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratios (NHRs). However, restrictive mathematical limitations of these measures prevent analysis for severely @entity1740 . Previous studies of alternative nonlinear random measures addressed wide varieties of vocal pathologies. Here, we analyze a single vocal pathology cohort, testing the performance of these alternative measures alongside classical measures. We present voice analysis pre- and postoperatively in 17 @entity1 with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). The @entity1 underwent standard medialization thyroplasty surgery, and the voices were analyzed using jitter, shimmer, NHR, nonlinear recurrence period density entropy (RPDE), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and correlation dimension. In addition, we similarly analyzed 11 healthy controls. Systematizing the preanalysis editing of the recordings, we found that the novel measures were more stable and, hence, reliable than the classical measures on healthy controls. RPDE and jitter are sensitive to improvements pre- to postoperation. Shimmer, NHR, and @entity12606 showed no significant change (P>0.05). All measures detect statistically significant and clinically important differences between controls and @entity1 , both treated and untreated (P<0.001, area under curve [AUC]>0.7). Pre- to postoperation grade, roughness, breathiness, @entity1395 , and strain (GRBAS) ratings show statistically significant and clinically important improvement in overall @entity7364 grade (G) (AUC=0.946, P<0.001). Recalculating AUCs from other study data, we compare these results in terms of clinical importance. We conclude that, when preanalysis editing is systematized, nonlinear random measures may be useful for monitoring UVFP-treatment effectiveness, and there may be applications to other forms of @entity7364 .

title: Objective XXXX quantification in vocal fold paralysis: comparing nonlinear with classical measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonic voices']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['dysphonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenon-CT is a quantitive technique for estimating cerebral blood flow. To investigate whether penumbra exists around @entity1410 , regional cerebral blood flow (ICBF) was measured by Xenon-CT in @entity1 with @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). METHODS: Xenon-CT was performed on 15 @entity1 with @entity21915 and @entity1410 volume < 50 mL. rCBF was measured within 36 h of onset and an average of 13 days later by 27-pixel rings in perihematomal area and its enantiomorph in contralateral hemisphere. Penumbra was defined as rCBF 8-20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ). RESULTS: Average @entity1779 volume was 13 +/- 7 mL (6.4-23.7 mL). First rCBF examination was conducted at 21.7 +/- 9.4 h (5-37 h), second rCBF examination was conducted at 13.4 +/- 1.8 days (11-18 days) after onset. Within 36h of onset, mean perihematomal rCBF was 28.4 +/- 7.8 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); contralateral region was 34.2 +/- 12.2 mL x 100 g(-l) x @entity1009 ) (p = 0.11). Average 13 days after onset, mean rCBF close to @entity1410 was 19.4 +/- 8.1 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); rCBF in contralateral region was 40.1 +/- 11.3 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ) (p < 0.0001). rCBF in distal perihematomal region was 27.8 +/- 9.5 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); the difference was significant compared to contralateral region (p = 0.0003). One @entity1 's rCBF in area of @entity4 around @entity1410 was less than 20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ) at first examination. At second examination, 6 @entity1 had same occurrence in region adjacent to @entity1410 and 2 @entity1 experienced it in distal perihematomal region. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced perihematomal rCBF was shown after @entity1779 ; this phenomenon lasted at least 14 days. A number of @entity1779 @entity1 experienced penumbra around @entity1410 .

title: Xenon-CT study of regional cerebral blood flow around XXXX in @entity1 with @entity21915 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21915 :: ('MESH:D020145', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenon-CT is a quantitive technique for estimating cerebral blood flow. To investigate whether penumbra exists around @entity1410 , regional cerebral blood flow (ICBF) was measured by Xenon-CT in @entity1 with @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). METHODS: Xenon-CT was performed on 15 @entity1 with @entity21915 and @entity1410 volume < 50 mL. rCBF was measured within 36 h of onset and an average of 13 days later by 27-pixel rings in perihematomal area and its enantiomorph in contralateral hemisphere. Penumbra was defined as rCBF 8-20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ). RESULTS: Average @entity1779 volume was 13 +/- 7 mL (6.4-23.7 mL). First rCBF examination was conducted at 21.7 +/- 9.4 h (5-37 h), second rCBF examination was conducted at 13.4 +/- 1.8 days (11-18 days) after onset. Within 36h of onset, mean perihematomal rCBF was 28.4 +/- 7.8 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); contralateral region was 34.2 +/- 12.2 mL x 100 g(-l) x @entity1009 ) (p = 0.11). Average 13 days after onset, mean rCBF close to @entity1410 was 19.4 +/- 8.1 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); rCBF in contralateral region was 40.1 +/- 11.3 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ) (p < 0.0001). rCBF in distal perihematomal region was 27.8 +/- 9.5 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); the difference was significant compared to contralateral region (p = 0.0003). One @entity1 's rCBF in area of @entity4 around @entity1410 was less than 20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ) at first examination. At second examination, 6 @entity1 had same occurrence in region adjacent to @entity1410 and 2 @entity1 experienced it in distal perihematomal region. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced perihematomal rCBF was shown after @entity1779 ; this phenomenon lasted at least 14 days. A number of @entity1779 @entity1 experienced penumbra around @entity1410 .

title: Xenon-CT study of regional cerebral blood flow around @entity1410 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity21915 :: (MESH:D020145,Disease) :: ['basal ganglia hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenon-CT is a quantitive technique for estimating cerebral blood flow. To investigate whether penumbra exists around @entity1410 , regional cerebral blood flow (ICBF) was measured by Xenon-CT in @entity1 with @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). METHODS: Xenon-CT was performed on 15 @entity1 with @entity21915 and @entity1410 volume < 50 mL. rCBF was measured within 36 h of onset and an average of 13 days later by 27-pixel rings in perihematomal area and its enantiomorph in contralateral hemisphere. Penumbra was defined as rCBF 8-20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ). RESULTS: Average @entity1779 volume was 13 +/- 7 mL (6.4-23.7 mL). First rCBF examination was conducted at 21.7 +/- 9.4 h (5-37 h), second rCBF examination was conducted at 13.4 +/- 1.8 days (11-18 days) after onset. Within 36h of onset, mean perihematomal rCBF was 28.4 +/- 7.8 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); contralateral region was 34.2 +/- 12.2 mL x 100 g(-l) x @entity1009 ) (p = 0.11). Average 13 days after onset, mean rCBF close to @entity1410 was 19.4 +/- 8.1 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); rCBF in contralateral region was 40.1 +/- 11.3 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ) (p < 0.0001). rCBF in distal perihematomal region was 27.8 +/- 9.5 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ); the difference was significant compared to contralateral region (p = 0.0003). One @entity1 's rCBF in area of @entity4 around @entity1410 was less than 20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity1009 ) at first examination. At second examination, 6 @entity1 had same occurrence in region adjacent to @entity1410 and 2 @entity1 experienced it in distal perihematomal region. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced perihematomal rCBF was shown after @entity1779 ; this phenomenon lasted at least 14 days. A number of @entity1779 @entity1 experienced penumbra around @entity1410 .

title: Xenon-CT study of regional cerebral blood flow around @entity1410 in XXXX with @entity21915 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of visual inspection with @entity1543 (VIA) as a screening test for early @entity2622 in the Dakahlia Governorate in Egypt. METHODS: Diluted @entity1543 (5%) was applied to the cervix during routine gynecologic examination. @entity1 with positive results were referred for colposcopy. Those with negative results were referred for colposcopy only when they had clinical indications. RESULTS: Among the 5,000 @entity1 who were screened using VIA, 409 were referred for colposcopy. @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) was diagnosed in 151 (60%) of the 253 @entity1 with positive screening results and in 4 of the 156 @entity1 with negative screening results. There were 39 @entity1 with high-grade and 116 with @entity3146 . The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the VIA screening test was 97%. Its positive predictive value was 60% for all grades of @entity3146 and 90% for high-grade @entity3146 . CONCLUSION: Visual inspection with @entity1543 , although associated with a relatively high rate of false-positive results, is a valuable test for the screening of @entity2622 .

title: Screening for XXXX using visual inspection with @entity1543 .

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma', 'detection of cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade CIN', 'Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of visual inspection with @entity1543 (VIA) as a screening test for early @entity2622 in the Dakahlia Governorate in Egypt. METHODS: Diluted @entity1543 (5%) was applied to the cervix during routine gynecologic examination. @entity1 with positive results were referred for colposcopy. Those with negative results were referred for colposcopy only when they had clinical indications. RESULTS: Among the 5,000 @entity1 who were screened using VIA, 409 were referred for colposcopy. @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) was diagnosed in 151 (60%) of the 253 @entity1 with positive screening results and in 4 of the 156 @entity1 with negative screening results. There were 39 @entity1 with high-grade and 116 with @entity3146 . The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the VIA screening test was 97%. Its positive predictive value was 60% for all grades of @entity3146 and 90% for high-grade @entity3146 . CONCLUSION: Visual inspection with @entity1543 , although associated with a relatively high rate of false-positive results, is a valuable test for the screening of @entity2622 .

title: Screening for @entity2622 using visual inspection with XXXX .

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: @entity634 and @entity635 are proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. To reduce @entity5003 @entity137 , extracellular domains of the soluble (s) IL-1R are shed from cell membranes and prevent triggering of cell-bound receptors. We investigated to what extent @entity19 sIL-1RI can neutralize the @entity5003 produced by @entity558 -stimulated macrophages. When @entity19 peritoneal macrophages were incubated with @entity558 , addition of sIL-1RI significantly inhibited the bioactivity of @entity5003 . Stimulation of cells with sIL-1RI alone induced no bioactive @entity5003 . When immunoreactive cytokine concentrations were measured with specific radioimmunoassays, sIL-1RI alone appeared to induce a significant release of @entity634 in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was independent of new protein synthesis. The production of @entity635 or @entity637 was not influenced by sIL-1RI. There was no interference of sIL-1RI with the @entity634 radioimmunoassay. In @entity19 , an i.v. injection of sIL-RI alone induced a rapid release of @entity634 , but not of @entity637 or @entity635 . Treatment of @entity19 with sIL-1RI improved the survival during a lethal infection with @entity5132 . In conclusion, sIL-1RI induces a rapid release of @entity634 from cells, as well as into the systemic circulation. Although this @entity634 may be inactivated in circulation by the same sIL-1RI, this phenomenon probably has immunostimulatory effects at local levels where the sIL-1RI-induced @entity634 acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner.

title: Soluble @entity19 @entity5003 receptor type I induces release of constitutive XXXX alpha.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1']


abstract: @entity634 and @entity635 are proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. To reduce @entity5003 @entity137 , extracellular domains of the soluble (s) IL-1R are shed from cell membranes and prevent triggering of cell-bound receptors. We investigated to what extent @entity19 sIL-1RI can neutralize the @entity5003 produced by @entity558 -stimulated macrophages. When @entity19 peritoneal macrophages were incubated with @entity558 , addition of sIL-1RI significantly inhibited the bioactivity of @entity5003 . Stimulation of cells with sIL-1RI alone induced no bioactive @entity5003 . When immunoreactive cytokine concentrations were measured with specific radioimmunoassays, sIL-1RI alone appeared to induce a significant release of @entity634 in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was independent of new protein synthesis. The production of @entity635 or @entity637 was not influenced by sIL-1RI. There was no interference of sIL-1RI with the @entity634 radioimmunoassay. In @entity19 , an i.v. injection of sIL-RI alone induced a rapid release of @entity634 , but not of @entity637 or @entity635 . Treatment of @entity19 with sIL-1RI improved the survival during a lethal infection with @entity5132 . In conclusion, sIL-1RI induces a rapid release of @entity634 from cells, as well as into the systemic circulation. Although this @entity634 may be inactivated in circulation by the same sIL-1RI, this phenomenon probably has immunostimulatory effects at local levels where the sIL-1RI-induced @entity634 acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner.

title: Soluble @entity19 XXXX receptor type I induces release of constitutive @entity5003 alpha.

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1']


abstract: @entity634 and @entity635 are proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. To reduce @entity5003 @entity137 , extracellular domains of the soluble (s) IL-1R are shed from cell membranes and prevent triggering of cell-bound receptors. We investigated to what extent @entity19 sIL-1RI can neutralize the @entity5003 produced by @entity558 -stimulated macrophages. When @entity19 peritoneal macrophages were incubated with @entity558 , addition of sIL-1RI significantly inhibited the bioactivity of @entity5003 . Stimulation of cells with sIL-1RI alone induced no bioactive @entity5003 . When immunoreactive cytokine concentrations were measured with specific radioimmunoassays, sIL-1RI alone appeared to induce a significant release of @entity634 in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was independent of new protein synthesis. The production of @entity635 or @entity637 was not influenced by sIL-1RI. There was no interference of sIL-1RI with the @entity634 radioimmunoassay. In @entity19 , an i.v. injection of sIL-RI alone induced a rapid release of @entity634 , but not of @entity637 or @entity635 . Treatment of @entity19 with sIL-1RI improved the survival during a lethal infection with @entity5132 . In conclusion, sIL-1RI induces a rapid release of @entity634 from cells, as well as into the systemic circulation. Although this @entity634 may be inactivated in circulation by the same sIL-1RI, this phenomenon probably has immunostimulatory effects at local levels where the sIL-1RI-induced @entity634 acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner.

title: Soluble XXXX @entity5003 receptor type I induces release of constitutive @entity5003 alpha.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pretreatment @entity1486 (PSA) dynamics (PSA velocity and PSA doubling time) are widely advocated as useful prognostic markers in @entity263 . We aimed to assess the published evidence for the clinical utility of PSA dynamics in this population. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies published before March 2007 in which a PSA dynamic (velocity or doubling time) was calculated in @entity1 before definitive treatment, a subsequent event (such as biopsy or recurrence) was ascertained, and the association between the two was analyzed. Our principal end point was the type of analysis reported, particularly whether the predictive accuracy of a statistical model that included both absolute PSA level and a PSA dynamic was compared with that of a model that included only PSA. RESULTS: Eighty-seven articles were eligible for analysis. The most common end points were biopsy (42 articles), and either recurrence (14 articles) or @entity3 or death (14 articles) after definitive therapy. Although PSA dynamics were generally found to be associated with outcome, only one article compared predictive accuracy of models with and without a PSA dynamic: this reported that PSA velocity improved prediction slightly (from 0.81 to 0.83), but was subject to verification bias. No article used decision analytic methods to examine the clinical impact of PSA dynamics. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence that calculation of PSA velocity or doubling time in untreated @entity1 provides predictive information beyond that provided by absolute PSA level alone. We see no justification for the use of PSA dynamics in clinical decision making before treatment in @entity5 .

title: Systematic review of pretreatment XXXX velocity and doubling time as predictors for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pretreatment @entity1486 (PSA) dynamics (PSA velocity and PSA doubling time) are widely advocated as useful prognostic markers in @entity263 . We aimed to assess the published evidence for the clinical utility of PSA dynamics in this population. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies published before March 2007 in which a PSA dynamic (velocity or doubling time) was calculated in @entity1 before definitive treatment, a subsequent event (such as biopsy or recurrence) was ascertained, and the association between the two was analyzed. Our principal end point was the type of analysis reported, particularly whether the predictive accuracy of a statistical model that included both absolute PSA level and a PSA dynamic was compared with that of a model that included only PSA. RESULTS: Eighty-seven articles were eligible for analysis. The most common end points were biopsy (42 articles), and either recurrence (14 articles) or @entity3 or death (14 articles) after definitive therapy. Although PSA dynamics were generally found to be associated with outcome, only one article compared predictive accuracy of models with and without a PSA dynamic: this reported that PSA velocity improved prediction slightly (from 0.81 to 0.83), but was subject to verification bias. No article used decision analytic methods to examine the clinical impact of PSA dynamics. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence that calculation of PSA velocity or doubling time in untreated @entity1 provides predictive information beyond that provided by absolute PSA level alone. We see no justification for the use of PSA dynamics in clinical decision making before treatment in @entity5 .

title: Systematic review of pretreatment @entity1486 velocity and doubling time as predictors for XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the preoperative results of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in the fellow eyes of @entity1 with idiopathic unilateral macular hole and to evaluate the usefulness of this method in predicting the likelihood of macular hole formation in the fellow eye. METHODS: Over a period of 5 years, 80 eyes of 40 @entity1 (mean age, 64.9 years) with unilateral @entity937 were examined. The diagnosis of @entity937 was confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The fellow eyes were intact in all cases. All @entity1 underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Before the surgery, both eyes of the @entity1 were examined by mfERG. During the follow-up period, the 40 fellow eyes were also observed by OCT, and the changes in the vitreofoveal attachment were investigated. The preoperative response densities and ring ratios of mfERG were analyzed in both eyes, and discriminant analysis was used to calculate the best separator function. RESULTS: Preoperative mfERGs demonstrated significantly lower mean response densities in the central area of the 40 eyes with macular hole than in the fellow eyes. During the follow-up period, macular hole was diagnosed in 13 fellow eyes by OCT. The preoperative values of the mfERGs in these eyes were significantly lower than in the other 27 cases. The mfERG ring ratios were significantly lower in the fellow eyes in which macular holes developed than in those that remained intact. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of ERG in the fellow eyes of @entity1 with macular hole seems clinically useful. The lower amplitude may forecast the propensity for subsequent development of a macular hole. @entity1 with low central ERG amplitude and lower ring ratios in the healthy fellow eyes should have stricter follow-up.

title: Role of multifocal electroretinography in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic macular hole']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['idiopathic macular hole']


abstract: @entity1127 containing @entity2281 -positive neural proliferations in the lamina propria that lack ganglion cells have been variously referred to as " @entity2950 " or " @entity3292 ." However, these lesions have not been systematically examined, and whether they are associated with type 1 @entity4786 ( @entity1265 ) or other @entity74 is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of these lesions, in comparison to @entity14 from known @entity1265 @entity1 . Morphologically similar lesions from 26 @entity1 (mean age, 62 y; range, 46 to 88 y; male/female ratio, 10/16) were retrieved from surgical pathology and consult files. Clinical and endoscopic data were obtained, and immunohistochemistry for @entity2281 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein (NFP), epithelial membrane antigen, @entity3670 , @entity2280 , smooth muscle actin, and KIT was performed. The findings were compared with those in mucosal biopsies of 5 submucosal @entity3292 from @entity1265 @entity1 . All 26 @entity1127 were sessile, ranging from 1 to 6 mm in size (mean, 2.5 mm). Most arose in the distal colon (15 rectosigmoid, 7 descending, 2 transverse, and 2 ascending), and were incidentally found at screening colonoscopy. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 3 mo to 17.5 y), none of the @entity1 developed other @entity1127 , and none had evidence of @entity1265 or other @entity74 . Histologically, the lamina propria of the @entity1127 contained a diffuse cellular proliferation of uniform bland spindle cells with elongated, tapering nuclei, abundant, dense eosinophilic cytoplasm, and indistinct cell borders, entrapping adjacent crypts. No nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, mitotic activity, or associated ganglion cells were observed. All showed strong staining for @entity2281 protein in essentially 100% of cells. NFP highlighted rare axons in 7 lesions. All other markers were negative. The 5 @entity3292 showed similar histologic features, but were generally less uniformly cellular, showed some intralesional heterogeneity, and showed less extensive staining for @entity2281 protein; all contained scattered NFP-positive axons. In summary, solitary colorectal @entity1127 containing pure Schwann cell proliferations in the lamina propria are not associated with @entity1265 . Distinguishing these lesions from @entity1265 -associated @entity3292 is difficult based on histologic features; the presence of an underlying submucosal nodule or mass should be excluded endoscopically, and immunohistochemistry should be performed. Although their nature is uncertain, we propose the interim designation "mucosal Schwann cell 'hamartoma'" to avoid @entity911 with the neural lesions that have significant associations with @entity74 .

title: Mucosal Schwann cell "hamartoma": clinicopathologic study of 26 neural XXXX and mucosal neuromas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['neural polyps', 'polyps', 'Colorectal polyps']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited syndromes']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps distinct from neurofibromas']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an anti-metabolite, widely used in the @entity5 chemotherapy and @entity309 . However, its long-term clinical use is restricted on account of its severe intestinal @entity137 . The present study was aimed to investigate the intestinal @entity137 of @entity1500 and the possible protective effect of @entity12837 (LA) on @entity35 . @entity1500 -induced intestinal @entity137 was evaluated at the dose of 2.5mg/kg for short-term (5 days treatment) and 1mg/kg for long-term (5 days in a week for four consecutive weeks treatment) study. The possible protective effect of LA was evaluated in both short- as well as long-term study in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1500 treatment induced @entity294 and mortality in @entity35 , indicating its severe @entity137 in the target organ of investigation, i.e., intestine. Further, the intestinal @entity137 of @entity1500 was assessed by evaluating different parameters of oxidative stress, DNA damage, @entity137 as well as histological changes. Immunostaining for @entity10740 revealed higher genotoxic assault in the intestinal cells due to @entity1500 treatment. Pretreatment of @entity35 with LA led to significant decrease in the oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular damage, inflammatory changes and apoptosis as determined by @entity1234 level, @entity2041 level, comet assay parameters, histological evaluation, immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the present investigation, we report that LA pretreatment ameliorates @entity1500 -induced intestinal @entity137 in @entity35 as evident from the protection against oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage and protection of cellular morphology as well as improvement in the stool consistency and animal survival rate.

title: Intervention of @entity12837 ameliorates XXXX -induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity: A study in @entity35 intestine.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an anti-metabolite, widely used in the @entity5 chemotherapy and @entity309 . However, its long-term clinical use is restricted on account of its severe intestinal @entity137 . The present study was aimed to investigate the intestinal @entity137 of @entity1500 and the possible protective effect of @entity12837 (LA) on @entity35 . @entity1500 -induced intestinal @entity137 was evaluated at the dose of 2.5mg/kg for short-term (5 days treatment) and 1mg/kg for long-term (5 days in a week for four consecutive weeks treatment) study. The possible protective effect of LA was evaluated in both short- as well as long-term study in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1500 treatment induced @entity294 and mortality in @entity35 , indicating its severe @entity137 in the target organ of investigation, i.e., intestine. Further, the intestinal @entity137 of @entity1500 was assessed by evaluating different parameters of oxidative stress, DNA damage, @entity137 as well as histological changes. Immunostaining for @entity10740 revealed higher genotoxic assault in the intestinal cells due to @entity1500 treatment. Pretreatment of @entity35 with LA led to significant decrease in the oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular damage, inflammatory changes and apoptosis as determined by @entity1234 level, @entity2041 level, comet assay parameters, histological evaluation, immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the present investigation, we report that LA pretreatment ameliorates @entity1500 -induced intestinal @entity137 in @entity35 as evident from the protection against oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage and protection of cellular morphology as well as improvement in the stool consistency and animal survival rate.

title: Intervention of XXXX ameliorates @entity1499 -induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity: A study in @entity35 intestine.

answer: @entity12837 :: (MESH:D008063,Chemical) :: ['alpha-lipoic acid']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an anti-metabolite, widely used in the @entity5 chemotherapy and @entity309 . However, its long-term clinical use is restricted on account of its severe intestinal @entity137 . The present study was aimed to investigate the intestinal @entity137 of @entity1500 and the possible protective effect of @entity12837 (LA) on @entity35 . @entity1500 -induced intestinal @entity137 was evaluated at the dose of 2.5mg/kg for short-term (5 days treatment) and 1mg/kg for long-term (5 days in a week for four consecutive weeks treatment) study. The possible protective effect of LA was evaluated in both short- as well as long-term study in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1500 treatment induced @entity294 and mortality in @entity35 , indicating its severe @entity137 in the target organ of investigation, i.e., intestine. Further, the intestinal @entity137 of @entity1500 was assessed by evaluating different parameters of oxidative stress, DNA damage, @entity137 as well as histological changes. Immunostaining for @entity10740 revealed higher genotoxic assault in the intestinal cells due to @entity1500 treatment. Pretreatment of @entity35 with LA led to significant decrease in the oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular damage, inflammatory changes and apoptosis as determined by @entity1234 level, @entity2041 level, comet assay parameters, histological evaluation, immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the present investigation, we report that LA pretreatment ameliorates @entity1500 -induced intestinal @entity137 in @entity35 as evident from the protection against oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage and protection of cellular morphology as well as improvement in the stool consistency and animal survival rate.

title: Intervention of @entity12837 ameliorates @entity1499 -induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity: A study in XXXX intestine.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) is a serious clinical event observed in 2% of @entity542 @entity1 . Studies regarding the effects of @entity4282 volume (EHV) on prognosis are not sufficient. In this study, we applied the volume fraction approach of the stereological method to estimate the @entity75 ( @entity75 ), and investigated the relation between the @entity75 and prognosis. Fifty-nine @entity4282 @entity1 (46 male and 13 female subjects, with average age of 21 years) admitted to the emergency clinic were included. The @entity75 was estimated on the printed films of cranial computed tomography scans. For this purpose, common point counting grids were superimposed over the scan frames. According to the clinical results, @entity1 were divided into three groups as complete recovery (43), disability (8) and exitus (8). The @entity75 was compared with the clinical results. @entity75 was determined as 4.6% in the @entity1 with recovery, 8.1% in disability, and 7.6% in exitus @entity1 . The @entity75 values were lowest in recovery @entity1 , and the difference between the recovery and the other two groups was statistically significant (p=0.007). However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity75 between disability and exitus @entity1 (p>0.05). In conclusion, the @entity75 can be an important tool to determine prognosis, and it can be measured using the volume fraction approach of stereological methods as developed in the present study.

title: Prediction of prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX by a new stereological method.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['Epidural hematoma', 'epidural hematoma', 'EH']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HBVF', 'hematoma to brain volume fraction']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['epidural hematoma']


abstract: @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) is a serious clinical event observed in 2% of @entity542 @entity1 . Studies regarding the effects of @entity4282 volume (EHV) on prognosis are not sufficient. In this study, we applied the volume fraction approach of the stereological method to estimate the @entity75 ( @entity75 ), and investigated the relation between the @entity75 and prognosis. Fifty-nine @entity4282 @entity1 (46 male and 13 female subjects, with average age of 21 years) admitted to the emergency clinic were included. The @entity75 was estimated on the printed films of cranial computed tomography scans. For this purpose, common point counting grids were superimposed over the scan frames. According to the clinical results, @entity1 were divided into three groups as complete recovery (43), disability (8) and exitus (8). The @entity75 was compared with the clinical results. @entity75 was determined as 4.6% in the @entity1 with recovery, 8.1% in disability, and 7.6% in exitus @entity1 . The @entity75 values were lowest in recovery @entity1 , and the difference between the recovery and the other two groups was statistically significant (p=0.007). However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity75 between disability and exitus @entity1 (p>0.05). In conclusion, the @entity75 can be an important tool to determine prognosis, and it can be measured using the volume fraction approach of stereological methods as developed in the present study.

title: Prediction of prognosis in XXXX with @entity4282 by a new stereological method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity299 , such as @entity120 ( @entity120 ), are the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity8674 @entity1 . @entity6211 , due to its role in @entity844 oxidation, might help control the elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of @entity120 in @entity8674 major @entity1 , identify clinical predictors for its development, and determine the potential effects of @entity6211 . In total, 32 @entity1 with @entity8674 major were recruited; 16 age- and sex-matched @entity1 constituted the control group. Cardiac evaluation was performed by using echocardiography. The @entity1 with @entity120 received 50 mg/kg/day @entity6211 orally for 3 months and were then reevaluated. Based on PASP, the @entity1 were divided into group A without @entity120 and group B with @entity120 . The prevalence of @entity120 was 37.5%. The other echocardiographic measurements were not significantly different between groups A and B. PASP did not have any significant correlation with the following variables: age, total number of blood units received, splenic status, serum ferritin level, and ejection fraction. Following the administration of @entity6211 , there was a significant decrease in the mean PASP from 33.96 +/- 7.85 to 24.11 +/- 7.61. All cardiac dimensions decreased following @entity6211 , but the changes were not statistically significant. Even though @entity8674 major resulted in an elevation in the PASP in only a fraction of the @entity1 , it seems to have an impact on the heart dimensions and function of all @entity1 . No clinical predictors were identified. Oral administration of @entity6211 appears to significantly improve PASP.

title: @entity120 in XXXX major and the role of @entity6211 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine', 'L-Carnitine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PHT']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: @entity299 , such as @entity120 ( @entity120 ), are the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity8674 @entity1 . @entity6211 , due to its role in @entity844 oxidation, might help control the elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of @entity120 in @entity8674 major @entity1 , identify clinical predictors for its development, and determine the potential effects of @entity6211 . In total, 32 @entity1 with @entity8674 major were recruited; 16 age- and sex-matched @entity1 constituted the control group. Cardiac evaluation was performed by using echocardiography. The @entity1 with @entity120 received 50 mg/kg/day @entity6211 orally for 3 months and were then reevaluated. Based on PASP, the @entity1 were divided into group A without @entity120 and group B with @entity120 . The prevalence of @entity120 was 37.5%. The other echocardiographic measurements were not significantly different between groups A and B. PASP did not have any significant correlation with the following variables: age, total number of blood units received, splenic status, serum ferritin level, and ejection fraction. Following the administration of @entity6211 , there was a significant decrease in the mean PASP from 33.96 +/- 7.85 to 24.11 +/- 7.61. All cardiac dimensions decreased following @entity6211 , but the changes were not statistically significant. Even though @entity8674 major resulted in an elevation in the PASP in only a fraction of the @entity1 , it seems to have an impact on the heart dimensions and function of all @entity1 . No clinical predictors were identified. Oral administration of @entity6211 appears to significantly improve PASP.

title: XXXX in @entity8674 major and the role of @entity6211 therapy.

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: @entity299 , such as @entity120 ( @entity120 ), are the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity8674 @entity1 . @entity6211 , due to its role in @entity844 oxidation, might help control the elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of @entity120 in @entity8674 major @entity1 , identify clinical predictors for its development, and determine the potential effects of @entity6211 . In total, 32 @entity1 with @entity8674 major were recruited; 16 age- and sex-matched @entity1 constituted the control group. Cardiac evaluation was performed by using echocardiography. The @entity1 with @entity120 received 50 mg/kg/day @entity6211 orally for 3 months and were then reevaluated. Based on PASP, the @entity1 were divided into group A without @entity120 and group B with @entity120 . The prevalence of @entity120 was 37.5%. The other echocardiographic measurements were not significantly different between groups A and B. PASP did not have any significant correlation with the following variables: age, total number of blood units received, splenic status, serum ferritin level, and ejection fraction. Following the administration of @entity6211 , there was a significant decrease in the mean PASP from 33.96 +/- 7.85 to 24.11 +/- 7.61. All cardiac dimensions decreased following @entity6211 , but the changes were not statistically significant. Even though @entity8674 major resulted in an elevation in the PASP in only a fraction of the @entity1 , it seems to have an impact on the heart dimensions and function of all @entity1 . No clinical predictors were identified. Oral administration of @entity6211 appears to significantly improve PASP.

title: @entity120 in @entity8674 major and the role of XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity6211 :: (MESH:D002331,Chemical) :: ['L-carnitine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship of the QTc interval with mortality and functional outcome after acute @entity385 , and determine whether a threshold cutoff is present beyond which risk of @entity204 increases. METHODS: The QTc interval was measured for all @entity1 presenting to the emergency department. The outcomes were mortality at 90 days and functional outcome at hospital discharge. The cutoffs were determined plotting martingale residuals. RESULTS: @entity1 with a @entity1162 were more likely to die within 90 days compared with @entity1 without a prolonged interval (relative risk [RR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-4.1; P < .001). The estimated survival at 90 days was 70.5% and 87.1%, respectively. This association retained statistical significance after adjusting for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.9; P = .043). @entity1 with a @entity1162 were also more likely to have poor functional status compared with @entity1 without a prolonged interval (odds ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-3.0; P = .006). This association was not statistically significant after adjusting for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio 1.2; 95% CI 0.7-2.4). The identified threshold cutoffs for increased risk of @entity204 at 90 days were 440 milliseconds for @entity1 and 438 milliseconds for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There appears to be an increased risk of @entity204 in @entity1 with acute @entity385 and a @entity1162 at the time of emergency department presentation. Prognosis appears to be worse with QTc intervals longer than 440 milliseconds in @entity1 and longer than 438 milliseconds in @entity1 .

title: Prolonged QTc as a predictor of mortality in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity2963 is a common disease in the United States associated with significant morbidity. Surgical treatment with cholecystectomy has been increasing with a significant cost to the health care system. Surgical management is not without risk. Cholecystectomy has also been associated with a significant morbidity and mortality in elderly @entity1 . Cholecystectomies are often performed unnecessarily in @entity5990 @entity1 for nonspecific symptoms. Many @entity1 with nonspecific @entity158 , which may have a psychogenic component, continue to experience similar @entity158 after cholecystectomy. There are problems in determining the symptom status of @entity1 . @entity1 who believe surgery will relieve symptoms may maximize their symptoms, whereas @entity1 who are reluctant to undergo surgery may minimize their symptoms. Although cholecystectomy is the mainstay of @entity5990 treatment, @entity6741 therapy and, if available, ESWL and topical dissolution are nonsurgical treatment alternatives in selected @entity1 . In selected cases, in particular in the elderly and in other @entity1 at increased risk from surgery, nonsurgical management offers lower morbidity and mortality than does operative treatment. The decision for surgical versus nonsurgical management should be based on both objective selection criteria and @entity1 choice.

title: Nonsurgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstone disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate self-reporting of adherence to cardiovascular medication using electronic pillboxes ( @entity262 [ @entity262 ]) as the gold standard comparator. In total, 78 individuals (52% @entity101 , 21% diabetics, 27% with @entity2299 ) were recruited prospectively from an outpatient clinic setting in Switzerland. @entity1 completed two self-report measures (visual analogue scale [VAS] and a validated self-reporting questionnaire) at baseline and were asked to use @entity262 as their pillbox for the subsequent 10 weeks. @entity1 expressed their medication adherence behaviour on a VAS (0 mm="I never take any tablets"; 100 mm="I take all tablets as prescribed") and entered one of six numbers (from 1: perfect adherence to 6: non-adherence) on the questionnaire. Medication compliance was monitored for 75 d on average. Mean (+/-SD, range) scores for @entity262 with respect to timing adherence, correct dosing, and self-administration adherence were 79+/-25% (8-100%), 83+/-20% (24-100%), and 92+/-17% (54-118%), respectively. A majority of @entity1 (78.8%) over-reported their adherence to the VAS (93+/-7 mm, 73-100), and VAS scores correlated poorly with @entity262 recordings (Spearman's rho for timing adherence, correct dosing, self-administration adherence 0.29 [p=0.018], 0.24 [p=0.051], 0.26 [p=0.036], respectively). Similarly, we found no correlation between adherence as expressed in the questionnaire and @entity262 (regression coefficients <0.1). We conclude that a majority of @entity1 over-report adherence to cardiovascular medication if asked to complete a visual analogue scale and a validated questionnaire. Therefore, using self-reporting as the sole means of assessing medication compliance is insufficiently accurate to detect poor adherence. (Hypertens Res 2008; 31: 2037-2043).

title: XXXX ' self-reported adherence to cardiovascular medication using electronic monitors as comparators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['MEMS', 'medical event monitoring system']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 , who was followed as an A-bomb victim, was diagnosed to have advanced @entity1086 with liver @entity3 on December, 2005. Due to her advanced age, her previous doctor recommended the best supportive care. Therefore, her general condition was good, so we decided to treat her with @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion of @entity1487 (CEF therapy). She was given @entity1487 500 mg/body per day via continuous infusion on days 1 to 5, @entity900 50mg body and @entity1259 20mg body on day 1 every 28 days, and these dosages have been reduced. CEF therapy was started from February, 2007. @entity75 and liver @entity3 decreased remarkably after completion of 2 cycles, and we judged it as a complete response. After 10 cycles, lung @entity3 was found by CT scan in August, 2007. We tried chemotherapy with @entity136 as a second-line treatment. The result of @entity136 was again a progressive disease, so we switched her regimen to S-1 as a third-line treatment on January, 2008. Chemotherapy is continued by the outpatient care now, 25 months after the medical treatment started. The present result suggests that CEF therapy may be useful for metastatic @entity1086 .

title: [Elderly @entity1 with metastatic @entity1086 treated by XXXX , @entity1259 and continuous infusion @entity1487 ].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 , who was followed as an A-bomb victim, was diagnosed to have advanced @entity1086 with liver @entity3 on December, 2005. Due to her advanced age, her previous doctor recommended the best supportive care. Therefore, her general condition was good, so we decided to treat her with @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion of @entity1487 (CEF therapy). She was given @entity1487 500 mg/body per day via continuous infusion on days 1 to 5, @entity900 50mg body and @entity1259 20mg body on day 1 every 28 days, and these dosages have been reduced. CEF therapy was started from February, 2007. @entity75 and liver @entity3 decreased remarkably after completion of 2 cycles, and we judged it as a complete response. After 10 cycles, lung @entity3 was found by CT scan in August, 2007. We tried chemotherapy with @entity136 as a second-line treatment. The result of @entity136 was again a progressive disease, so we switched her regimen to S-1 as a third-line treatment on January, 2008. Chemotherapy is continued by the outpatient care now, 25 months after the medical treatment started. The present result suggests that CEF therapy may be useful for metastatic @entity1086 .

title: [Elderly @entity1 with metastatic @entity1086 treated by @entity900 , XXXX and continuous infusion @entity1487 ].

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 , who was followed as an A-bomb victim, was diagnosed to have advanced @entity1086 with liver @entity3 on December, 2005. Due to her advanced age, her previous doctor recommended the best supportive care. Therefore, her general condition was good, so we decided to treat her with @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion of @entity1487 (CEF therapy). She was given @entity1487 500 mg/body per day via continuous infusion on days 1 to 5, @entity900 50mg body and @entity1259 20mg body on day 1 every 28 days, and these dosages have been reduced. CEF therapy was started from February, 2007. @entity75 and liver @entity3 decreased remarkably after completion of 2 cycles, and we judged it as a complete response. After 10 cycles, lung @entity3 was found by CT scan in August, 2007. We tried chemotherapy with @entity136 as a second-line treatment. The result of @entity136 was again a progressive disease, so we switched her regimen to S-1 as a third-line treatment on January, 2008. Chemotherapy is continued by the outpatient care now, 25 months after the medical treatment started. The present result suggests that CEF therapy may be useful for metastatic @entity1086 .

title: [Elderly @entity1 with metastatic XXXX treated by @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion @entity1487 ].

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 , who was followed as an A-bomb victim, was diagnosed to have advanced @entity1086 with liver @entity3 on December, 2005. Due to her advanced age, her previous doctor recommended the best supportive care. Therefore, her general condition was good, so we decided to treat her with @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion of @entity1487 (CEF therapy). She was given @entity1487 500 mg/body per day via continuous infusion on days 1 to 5, @entity900 50mg body and @entity1259 20mg body on day 1 every 28 days, and these dosages have been reduced. CEF therapy was started from February, 2007. @entity75 and liver @entity3 decreased remarkably after completion of 2 cycles, and we judged it as a complete response. After 10 cycles, lung @entity3 was found by CT scan in August, 2007. We tried chemotherapy with @entity136 as a second-line treatment. The result of @entity136 was again a progressive disease, so we switched her regimen to S-1 as a third-line treatment on January, 2008. Chemotherapy is continued by the outpatient care now, 25 months after the medical treatment started. The present result suggests that CEF therapy may be useful for metastatic @entity1086 .

title: [Elderly @entity1 with metastatic @entity1086 treated by @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion XXXX ].

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 , who was followed as an A-bomb victim, was diagnosed to have advanced @entity1086 with liver @entity3 on December, 2005. Due to her advanced age, her previous doctor recommended the best supportive care. Therefore, her general condition was good, so we decided to treat her with @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion of @entity1487 (CEF therapy). She was given @entity1487 500 mg/body per day via continuous infusion on days 1 to 5, @entity900 50mg body and @entity1259 20mg body on day 1 every 28 days, and these dosages have been reduced. CEF therapy was started from February, 2007. @entity75 and liver @entity3 decreased remarkably after completion of 2 cycles, and we judged it as a complete response. After 10 cycles, lung @entity3 was found by CT scan in August, 2007. We tried chemotherapy with @entity136 as a second-line treatment. The result of @entity136 was again a progressive disease, so we switched her regimen to S-1 as a third-line treatment on January, 2008. Chemotherapy is continued by the outpatient care now, 25 months after the medical treatment started. The present result suggests that CEF therapy may be useful for metastatic @entity1086 .

title: [Elderly XXXX with metastatic @entity1086 treated by @entity900 , @entity1259 and continuous infusion @entity1487 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIMS: @entity8 affects the prognosis of @entity1 after aortic surgery. However, the factors associated with the postoperative @entity177 has not been clarified precisely. METHOD: We prospectively examined renal function in 80 @entity1 (age: 73 +/- 7 years, 66 males) who required the elective repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Serum @entity1011 (Scr) was measured. 24-h- @entity1011 clearance (Ccr) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were determined. Renal volume and mean renal length were calculated using the data obtained by ultrasonography. 48 @entity1 showed normal UAE (< 30 mg/day), and 24 had microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/day) and 8 had overt @entity644 (> 300 mg/day). Scr were 0.9 +/- 0.4, 1.0 +/- 0.3 and 2.1 +/- 1.3 mg/dl, respectively. RESULTS: On Day 5 after surgery, 12 @entity1 (15%) showed @entity177 as defined either by an increase in Scr (> or = 0.5 mg/dl) or by a decrease in Ccr > or =20%). The acute @entity177 was related to mean renal volume, mean renal length, duration of operation and the use of antibiotics. At Month 12 after surgery, Scr increased in the overt @entity644 group. The @entity177 at Month 12 was found in 8 @entity1 (10%) with microalbuminuria or overt @entity644 , and related to preoperative Ccr, UAE, mean renal volume, mean renal length, smoking status and blood pressure. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the @entity177 occurred in considerable number of @entity1 with @entity1028 after elective operation on acute and chronic phase, although the development of @entity454 is rare. Factors related to the @entity697 appears to be different. UAE and renal size should be measured, even if Scr is in normal range at preoperative observation.

title: Microalbuminuria and @entity177 after elective repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute and late deterioration']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: AIMS: @entity8 affects the prognosis of @entity1 after aortic surgery. However, the factors associated with the postoperative @entity177 has not been clarified precisely. METHOD: We prospectively examined renal function in 80 @entity1 (age: 73 +/- 7 years, 66 males) who required the elective repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Serum @entity1011 (Scr) was measured. 24-h- @entity1011 clearance (Ccr) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were determined. Renal volume and mean renal length were calculated using the data obtained by ultrasonography. 48 @entity1 showed normal UAE (< 30 mg/day), and 24 had microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/day) and 8 had overt @entity644 (> 300 mg/day). Scr were 0.9 +/- 0.4, 1.0 +/- 0.3 and 2.1 +/- 1.3 mg/dl, respectively. RESULTS: On Day 5 after surgery, 12 @entity1 (15%) showed @entity177 as defined either by an increase in Scr (> or = 0.5 mg/dl) or by a decrease in Ccr > or =20%). The acute @entity177 was related to mean renal volume, mean renal length, duration of operation and the use of antibiotics. At Month 12 after surgery, Scr increased in the overt @entity644 group. The @entity177 at Month 12 was found in 8 @entity1 (10%) with microalbuminuria or overt @entity644 , and related to preoperative Ccr, UAE, mean renal volume, mean renal length, smoking status and blood pressure. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the @entity177 occurred in considerable number of @entity1 with @entity1028 after elective operation on acute and chronic phase, although the development of @entity454 is rare. Factors related to the @entity697 appears to be different. UAE and renal size should be measured, even if Scr is in normal range at preoperative observation.

title: Microalbuminuria and XXXX after elective repair of @entity1028 .

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['deterioration of renal function']