abstract: OBJECTIVE: Standard postoperative therapy for @entity788 consists of both chemotherapy alone and chemoradiation. We sought to investigate whether the sequence of chemotherapy and chemoradiation and overall time to initiation of adjuvant therapy would impact local vs. distant recurrence. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, resected @entity788 @entity1 charts were evaluated for medical background, surgical, pathological, chemoradiation (CRT), and follow-up. Local recurrence (LR) was defined as failures occurring in the postoperative bed and regional lymph nodes. Early vs. late CRT was defined by whether CRT was given early (within 1-2 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy) or late in the course of adjuvant chemotherapy (after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy). The postoperative interval variance was compared to LR factors such as progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Of the 34 eligible @entity1 , 47% (n=16) underwent early CRT and 41% (n=14) underwent late CRT. 12% (n=14) did not undergo any induction chemotherapy. At median follow-up of 22 months, 53% (n=18) had @entity3 , 24% (n=8) had LR, and 24% (n=8) were disease free. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that early vs. late CRT did not appear to significantly impact @entity1349 (p=0.63), PFS (p=0.085) or LR (p=0.19). Postoperative interval did not affect PFS (p=0.42) or @entity1349 (p=0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Early vs. late CRT and the time to initiation of adjuvant therapy were not significantly associated with LR in @entity1 with resected @entity788 . Future prospective studies are required to determine if sequencing of chemotherapy, CRT, or the postoperative interval impact survival and patterns of recurrence.

title: Early vs. Late Chemoradiation Therapy and the Postoperative Interval to Adjuvant Therapy Do Not Correspond to Local Recurrence in Resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: Contemporary cerebral-cardiopulmonary resuscitation investigations in the experimental laboratory have defined mechanisms for blood flow during closed-chest @entity13324 and have demonstrated that the current @entity13324 technique produces limited systemic perfusion. Modified closed-chest @entity13324 techniques usually improve perfusion. Unfortunately few laboratory @entity13324 studies have actually investigated resuscitation and survival. In addition, the animal model employed ( @entity2224 ) may have limited clinical relevance, based on clinical experience and resuscitation practice, and data reporting techniques and their interpretation may be affected by control values that are not normal because of the effects of anesthetics. Closed-chest @entity13324 was intended to buy time until a countershock could be delivered. Clinical and laboratory experience indicate that this goal can be met. Cerebral perfusion during closed-chest @entity13324 is low, but adequacy from a functional perspective following restoration of circulation has not been carefully studied. Preservation of neuronal integrity after restoration of spontaneous circulation may be more important than cerebral perfusion during @entity1167 and @entity13324 . The role and benefit of open-chest @entity13324 have yet to be determined, because this technique will most likely be used after conventional @entity13324 failure. New and different experimental models are required to meet clinical needs and challenges. The alliance between practitioner and investigator should be strengthened if common goals are to be attained.

title: Artificial perfusion techniques during XXXX : questions of experimental focus versus clinical need.

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been set up for determination of plasma IgG and IgM antibodies to native (n) and denatured (d) DNA. Normal male and female donors generally gave low values in the assays for IgG; IgM control values were higher, particularly in females. Mean values for @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) were greatly raised in all four categories of assay in relation to the control (female) group. Levels of IgG anti-nDNA in @entity1252 correlated well with a standard diagnostic test (Farr), and this ELISA assay was more successful than Farr in discriminating between @entity1 and normal females. No such correlation with Farr was found for IgM anti-nDNA. Correlations were found in @entity1252 between levels of antibodies to nDNA and dDNA. Inhibition tests--including those with a plasmid DNA preparation containing no single-stranded regions--showed that most of the IgG antibodies determined in the 'native' assay were able to bind to nDNA and dDNA with comparable avidity, whereas most of those reacting in the 'denatured' assay could only bind dDNA. The former antibodies were probably directed against shared determinants on the @entity39531 - @entity1391 backbone and the latter against base-dependent structures not exposed in nDNA. Inhibition results for IgM assays were similar, though the predominance of antibodies specific for dDNA appeared less marked. ELISA assays could well prove more useful than established methods in diagnosis and monitoring of @entity1252 and other diseases.

title: Evaluation of an ELISA system for determination of class-specific antibodies to native and denatured DNA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39531 :: ('MESH:D003855', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribose']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bone marrow-derived monocyte-to-fibroblast transition is a key step in @entity8 pathogenesis, which is regulated by the inflammatory microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which the inflammatory microenvironment regulates this transition is not fully understood. In this study, we examined how the CD8(+) T cell/IFN-y microenvironment regulates the monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in @entity8 . Genetic ablation of CD8 promoted a monocyte-to-fibroblast transition and increased @entity8 , whereas reconstitution of CD8 knockout (KO) @entity19 with CD8(+) T cells decreased @entity82 . However, depletion of @entity1961 (+) T cells in CD8 KO @entity19 also reduced @entity82 . To elucidate the role of @entity1961 (+) T cells in mediating CD8-regulated monocyte-to-fibroblast transition, @entity1961 (+) T cells were isolated from obstructed kidneys of CD8 KO or wild-type @entity19 . @entity1961 (+) T cells isolated from CD8 KO obstructed kidney expressed more @entity58 and @entity19986 and less IFN-y and T-bet and showed increased monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in vitro compared with those isolated from wild-type obstructed kidney. To examine the role of IFN-y-expressing CD8(+) T cells, we reconstituted CD8 KO @entity19 with CD8(+) T cells isolated from IFN-y KO @entity19 . The IFN-y KO CD8(+) cells had no effect on @entity58 , @entity19986 , IFN-y, and T-bet mRNA expression in obstructed kidneys or @entity8 . Taken together, our findings identify the axis of CD8(+) T cells and IFN-y- @entity1961 (+) T cells as an important microenvironment for the monocyte-to-fibroblast transition, which negatively regulates @entity8 .

title: Depletion of CD8+ T Cells Exacerbates @entity1961 + T Cell-Induced Monocyte-to-Fibroblast Transition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'renal interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bone marrow-derived monocyte-to-fibroblast transition is a key step in @entity8 pathogenesis, which is regulated by the inflammatory microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which the inflammatory microenvironment regulates this transition is not fully understood. In this study, we examined how the CD8(+) T cell/IFN-y microenvironment regulates the monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in @entity8 . Genetic ablation of CD8 promoted a monocyte-to-fibroblast transition and increased @entity8 , whereas reconstitution of CD8 knockout (KO) @entity19 with CD8(+) T cells decreased @entity82 . However, depletion of @entity1961 (+) T cells in CD8 KO @entity19 also reduced @entity82 . To elucidate the role of @entity1961 (+) T cells in mediating CD8-regulated monocyte-to-fibroblast transition, @entity1961 (+) T cells were isolated from obstructed kidneys of CD8 KO or wild-type @entity19 . @entity1961 (+) T cells isolated from CD8 KO obstructed kidney expressed more @entity58 and @entity19986 and less IFN-y and T-bet and showed increased monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in vitro compared with those isolated from wild-type obstructed kidney. To examine the role of IFN-y-expressing CD8(+) T cells, we reconstituted CD8 KO @entity19 with CD8(+) T cells isolated from IFN-y KO @entity19 . The IFN-y KO CD8(+) cells had no effect on @entity58 , @entity19986 , IFN-y, and T-bet mRNA expression in obstructed kidneys or @entity8 . Taken together, our findings identify the axis of CD8(+) T cells and IFN-y- @entity1961 (+) T cells as an important microenvironment for the monocyte-to-fibroblast transition, which negatively regulates @entity8 .

title: Depletion of CD8+ T Cells Exacerbates XXXX + T Cell-Induced Monocyte-to-Fibroblast Transition in @entity8 .

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a cross-talk between opioid receptors (OPRs) and @entity859 receptors (ADRs) in @entity1937 preconditioning (R-Pre) and, if so, to investigate the types of ADRs involved in the cross-talk. Isolated @entity35 hearts received 30 min of regional @entity63 followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. OPR and ADR antagonists were perfused from 10 min before R-Pre until the end of R-Pre. The heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),velocity of contraction (+dP/dtmax), and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) were recorded. The area at risk and area of @entity39 were measured. After reperfusion, the LVDP, +dP/dtmax,and @entity301 showed a significant increase in the R-Pre group compared with the control group (no intervention before or after regional @entity63 ). These increases in the R-Pre group were blocked by @entity1510 , a nonspecific ADR antagonist, an A1 ADR antagonist, and an A2B ADR antagonist. The @entity1188 size was reduced significantly in the R-Pre group compared with the control group. The @entity1188 -reducing effect in the R-Pre group was blocked by @entity1510 , the nonspecific ADR antagonist, the A1 ADR antagonist, and the A2B ADR antagonist. The results of this study demonstrate that there is cross-talk between ADRs and OPRs in R-Pre and that A1 ADR and A2B ADR appear to be involved in the cross-talk.

title: @entity1937 -induced preconditioning has cross-talk with A1 and A2B XXXX receptors in ischemic-reperfused @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary flow', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a cross-talk between opioid receptors (OPRs) and @entity859 receptors (ADRs) in @entity1937 preconditioning (R-Pre) and, if so, to investigate the types of ADRs involved in the cross-talk. Isolated @entity35 hearts received 30 min of regional @entity63 followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. OPR and ADR antagonists were perfused from 10 min before R-Pre until the end of R-Pre. The heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),velocity of contraction (+dP/dtmax), and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) were recorded. The area at risk and area of @entity39 were measured. After reperfusion, the LVDP, +dP/dtmax,and @entity301 showed a significant increase in the R-Pre group compared with the control group (no intervention before or after regional @entity63 ). These increases in the R-Pre group were blocked by @entity1510 , a nonspecific ADR antagonist, an A1 ADR antagonist, and an A2B ADR antagonist. The @entity1188 size was reduced significantly in the R-Pre group compared with the control group. The @entity1188 -reducing effect in the R-Pre group was blocked by @entity1510 , the nonspecific ADR antagonist, the A1 ADR antagonist, and the A2B ADR antagonist. The results of this study demonstrate that there is cross-talk between ADRs and OPRs in R-Pre and that A1 ADR and A2B ADR appear to be involved in the cross-talk.

title: XXXX -induced preconditioning has cross-talk with A1 and A2B @entity859 receptors in ischemic-reperfused @entity35 heart.

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['Remifentanil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a cross-talk between opioid receptors (OPRs) and @entity859 receptors (ADRs) in @entity1937 preconditioning (R-Pre) and, if so, to investigate the types of ADRs involved in the cross-talk. Isolated @entity35 hearts received 30 min of regional @entity63 followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. OPR and ADR antagonists were perfused from 10 min before R-Pre until the end of R-Pre. The heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),velocity of contraction (+dP/dtmax), and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) were recorded. The area at risk and area of @entity39 were measured. After reperfusion, the LVDP, +dP/dtmax,and @entity301 showed a significant increase in the R-Pre group compared with the control group (no intervention before or after regional @entity63 ). These increases in the R-Pre group were blocked by @entity1510 , a nonspecific ADR antagonist, an A1 ADR antagonist, and an A2B ADR antagonist. The @entity1188 size was reduced significantly in the R-Pre group compared with the control group. The @entity1188 -reducing effect in the R-Pre group was blocked by @entity1510 , the nonspecific ADR antagonist, the A1 ADR antagonist, and the A2B ADR antagonist. The results of this study demonstrate that there is cross-talk between ADRs and OPRs in R-Pre and that A1 ADR and A2B ADR appear to be involved in the cross-talk.

title: @entity1937 -induced preconditioning has cross-talk with A1 and A2B @entity859 receptors in ischemic-reperfused XXXX heart.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Wound complications in post-bariatric @entity1 undergoing body-contouring surgery after massive @entity353 are not uncommon and often, surgical debridement or conservative management is necessary. Honey is one of the most ancient remedies for wound care and it is also considered to possess debriding effects. Current research has demonstrated promising results showing that honey can improve wound granulation and epithelialization, reduce exudate and shorten healing times. METHODS: This case report has been reported in line with the CARE criteria. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 40 year-old female suffered wound @entity281 and dehiscence after undergoing post-bariatric abdominoplasty. The @entity1 was not interested in surgical revision and split skin grafting. Therefore, conservative wound treatment with topical Manuka honey was instituted resulting in significant clinical improvement and effective healing concurrently with good @entity1 satisfaction. DISCUSSION: @entity6081 in post-bariatric @entity1 undergoing abdominoplasty are common and often require surgical revision or conservative wound treatment. No previous publication has addressed outpatient treatment of post-bariatric abdominoplasty wound complications with medical grade honey. CONCLUSION: Although more research is needed for definitive conclusions of honey's efficacy, it is safe and as presented in our case, it may under certain circumstances reduce the need of surgical wound debridement and serve as a remedy for conservative treatment.

title: Post-bariatric abdominoplasty resulting in wound XXXX and dehiscence-Conservative treatment with medical grade honey: A case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical wound complications']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study examines the significance (between-groups comparisons) and frequency (within-group analyses) of deficits in @entity245 ( @entity245 , mainly deficits in decoding and phonemic awareness), @entity10870 ( @entity10870 , mainly deficits in listening comprehension), or both (mainly deficits in phonological short-term memory [STM]). @entity1 included two groups of @entity1 who had received a diagnosis of either @entity10870 (N=15) or @entity245 (N=15). For the between-groups comparison, the groups were matched pairwise on nonverbal IQ to 30 chronological age controls (CAC) and 30 reading level controls (RLC). For the within-group analyses, the @entity1 were compared to 91 CACs and 63 RLCs. We developed tasks not used for the diagnoses to assess phonological skills (decoding, phonemic awareness, phonological STM) and @entity7687 (listening and reading comprehension). @entity10870 @entity1 scored lower than both @entity245 @entity1 and RLCs on tasks assessing listening and reading comprehension, and lower than RLCs on phonological STM and phonemic awareness. Within-group comparisons showed that a higher proportion of @entity10870 than @entity245 @entity1 presented severe deficits in the same four domains. The opposite pattern was found for decoding skills (7 @entity10870 @entity1 with a severe deficit, versus 13 in the @entity245 group). These findings are discussed in the light of models explaining the overlap between @entity10870 and @entity245 . They highlight the need to assess both phonological and @entity7687 in @entity10870 and @entity245 @entity1 , using both between- and within-groups designs.

title: Specific language impairment and XXXX : What are the boundaries? Data from Greek @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'developmental dyslexia']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

entities_list: @entity7687 :: ('MESH:D001184', 'Disease') :: ['non-phonological skills']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental dyslexia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study examines the significance (between-groups comparisons) and frequency (within-group analyses) of deficits in @entity245 ( @entity245 , mainly deficits in decoding and phonemic awareness), @entity10870 ( @entity10870 , mainly deficits in listening comprehension), or both (mainly deficits in phonological short-term memory [STM]). @entity1 included two groups of @entity1 who had received a diagnosis of either @entity10870 (N=15) or @entity245 (N=15). For the between-groups comparison, the groups were matched pairwise on nonverbal IQ to 30 chronological age controls (CAC) and 30 reading level controls (RLC). For the within-group analyses, the @entity1 were compared to 91 CACs and 63 RLCs. We developed tasks not used for the diagnoses to assess phonological skills (decoding, phonemic awareness, phonological STM) and @entity7687 (listening and reading comprehension). @entity10870 @entity1 scored lower than both @entity245 @entity1 and RLCs on tasks assessing listening and reading comprehension, and lower than RLCs on phonological STM and phonemic awareness. Within-group comparisons showed that a higher proportion of @entity10870 than @entity245 @entity1 presented severe deficits in the same four domains. The opposite pattern was found for decoding skills (7 @entity10870 @entity1 with a severe deficit, versus 13 in the @entity245 group). These findings are discussed in the light of models explaining the overlap between @entity10870 and @entity245 . They highlight the need to assess both phonological and @entity7687 in @entity10870 and @entity245 @entity1 , using both between- and within-groups designs.

title: Specific language impairment and @entity245 : What are the boundaries? Data from Greek XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity12204 carboxypeptidase (CPSso) is a thermostable @entity219 -metalloenzyme with a M(r) of 43,000. Taking into account the experimentally determined @entity219 content of one ion per subunit, we developed two alternative 3D models, starting from the available structures of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris carboxypeptidase (Model A) and Pseudomonas carboxypeptidase G2 (Model B). The former enzyme is monomeric and has one metal ion in the active site, while the latter is dimeric and has two bound @entity219 ions. The two models were computed by exploiting the structural alignment of the one @entity219 - with the two @entity219 -containing active sites of the two templates, and with a threading procedure. Both computed structures resembled the respective template, with only one bound @entity219 with tetrahedric coordination in the active site. With these models, two different quaternary structures can be modeled: one using Model A with a hexameric symmetry, the other from Model B with a tetrameric symmetry. Mutagenesis experiments directed toward the residues putatively involved in metal chelation in either of the models disproved Model A and supported Model B, in which the metal-binding site comprises His(108), @entity2574 (109), and His(168). We also identified @entity367 (142) as the acidic residue interacting with the water molecule occupying the fourth chelation site. Furthermore, the overall fold and the oligomeric structure of the molecule was validated by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). An ab initio original approach was used to reconstruct the shape of the CPSso in solution from the experimental curves. The results clearly support a tetrameric structure. The Monte Carlo method was then used to compare the crystallographic coordinates of the possible quaternary structures for CPSso with the SAXS profiles. The fitting procedure showed that only the model built using the Pseudomonas carboxypeptidase G2 structure as a template fitted the experimental data.

title: 3D structure of XXXX carboxypeptidase developed by molecular modeling is confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and small angle X-ray scattering.

entities_list: @entity12204 :: ('2287', 'Species') :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']

answer: @entity12204 :: (2287,Species) :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']


abstract: @entity14625 (MG) is a highly reactive @entity413 metabolic intermediate and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products. MG level is elevated in @entity74 such as @entity6 . Substantial evidence has shown that MG is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity6 and @entity6 complications. We investigated the impact of MG on insulin secretion by MIN6 and INS-1 cells and the potential mechanisms of this effect. Our study demonstrates that MG impaired insulin secretion by MIN6 or ISN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production and apoptosis rate in MIN6 or ISN-1 cells and inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and @entity855 production. Furthermore, the expression of @entity5912 , JNK, and @entity1435 as well as the phosphorylation JNK and @entity1435 was increased by MG. These effects of MG were attenuated by MG scavenger @entity898 . Collectively, these data indicate that MG impairs insulin secretion of pancreatic b-cells through increasing ROS production. High levels of ROS can damage b-cells directly via JNK/ @entity1435 upregulation and through activation of @entity5912 resulting in reduced MMP and @entity855 production, leading to b-cell dysfunction and impairment of insulin production.

title: XXXX Impairs Insulin Secretion of Pancreatic b-Cells through Increased Production of ROS and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Upregulation of @entity5912 and MAPKs.

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity14625 :: (MESH:D011765,Chemical) :: ['Methylglyoxal']


abstract: @entity14625 (MG) is a highly reactive @entity413 metabolic intermediate and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products. MG level is elevated in @entity74 such as @entity6 . Substantial evidence has shown that MG is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity6 and @entity6 complications. We investigated the impact of MG on insulin secretion by MIN6 and INS-1 cells and the potential mechanisms of this effect. Our study demonstrates that MG impaired insulin secretion by MIN6 or ISN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production and apoptosis rate in MIN6 or ISN-1 cells and inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and @entity855 production. Furthermore, the expression of @entity5912 , JNK, and @entity1435 as well as the phosphorylation JNK and @entity1435 was increased by MG. These effects of MG were attenuated by MG scavenger @entity898 . Collectively, these data indicate that MG impairs insulin secretion of pancreatic b-cells through increasing ROS production. High levels of ROS can damage b-cells directly via JNK/ @entity1435 upregulation and through activation of @entity5912 resulting in reduced MMP and @entity855 production, leading to b-cell dysfunction and impairment of insulin production.

title: @entity14625 Impairs Insulin Secretion of Pancreatic b-Cells through Increased Production of ROS and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Upregulation of XXXX and MAPKs.

answer: @entity5912 :: (7351,Gene) :: ['UCP2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The standard of salt @entity1496 content in China has been adjusted several times since implementation of the universal salt iodization (USI) in 1995. The new standard of iodized salt content was adjusted from 35      15 to 30      9  mg/kg in Henan province in 2012. We aimed to determine whether the vulnerable populations were @entity1496 sufficient after the adjustment of salt @entity1496 content and to provide a guideline for the adjustment of USI policy in China. Two cross-sectional surveys of @entity1496 status in vulnerable populations, including reproductive-age, pregnant and lactating @entity1 , @entity1 <2  years, and @entity1 aged 8-10  years, were conducted in Henan province in 2013 and 2014. In 2013, the median urinary @entity1496 concentration (mUIC) of reproductive-age @entity1 was 200.1   g/L and that of school @entity1 aged 8-10  years was 221.0   g/L. These mUICs were considered as "more than adequate." The mUICs of reproductive-age @entity1 and school @entity1 in 2014 showed a significant decline compared to the mUICs in 2013 (P  =  0.012 and P  =  0.001, respectively). The mUICs of the pregnant @entity1 were 204.2   g/L in 2013 and 202.5   g/L in 2014, which both met the requirement level recommended by WHO. In 2013, the mUIC of lactating @entity1 was 169.1   g/L and that of @entity1 <2  years was 203.2   g/L, which were significantly lower than that of 2014 (P  <  0.001 and P  <  0.001, respectively). The lactating @entity1 and @entity1 in 2013 and 2014 were both regarded as " @entity1496 adequate." @entity1496 status of the vulnerable populations is still adequate as a whole in Henan province after decreasing the salt @entity1496 content. However, the mUIC of school @entity1 aged 8-10 years is slightly above the adequate level. To reduce the risk of @entity1496 excess in the general population and prevent the possibility of @entity1496 deficiency of the vulnerable population, it is necessary to explore the appropriate level of iodized salt content.

title: XXXX Status of Vulnerable Populations in Henan Province of China 2013-2014 After the Implementation of the New Iodized Salt Standard.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['Iodine']


abstract: For many years mushrooms have been used empirically in traditional medicine to treat several diseases. Study of the maitake mushroom, with its immunomodulatory and antitumoral properties, has led to the isolation of several bioactive compounds. One of these, D fraction, is known to reduce @entity5 cell viability. This study examined the effect of isolated D fraction on viability and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF7). These cells were treated with maitake (D fraction) extract at 18    g/mL, 36    g/mL, 91    g/mL, 183    g/mL, or 367    g/mL or were left untreated (control) for 24 hours. MCF7 incubation with the maitake extract resulted in decreased cell viability [ @entity15781 assay] in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was statistically significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner at every concentration tested (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick-end labeling assay). Upon incubation with D fraction, a microarray assay revealed upregulation of @entity2428 and @entity4674 transcripts, 2 proteins directly involved in the apoptotic pathway. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies confirmed these findings; @entity2428 was one of most overexpressed gene, as observed by microarray assay. These findings confirm the apoptotic effect of maitake D fraction in @entity0 cells and further highlight the involvement of @entity4674 release to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic release of @entity4674 , another player in the apoptotic pathway, was also increased after incubation with D fraction in a dose-dependent manner. This finding indicates that the effect of this compound involves @entity2383 . The identification of the molecular mechanisms by which D fraction exerts its effects is crucial for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for @entity5 .

title: Maitake (D fraction) mushroom extract induces apoptosis in XXXX cells by @entity2428 gene activation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity15781 :: ('MESH:C070380', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: For many years mushrooms have been used empirically in traditional medicine to treat several diseases. Study of the maitake mushroom, with its immunomodulatory and antitumoral properties, has led to the isolation of several bioactive compounds. One of these, D fraction, is known to reduce @entity5 cell viability. This study examined the effect of isolated D fraction on viability and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF7). These cells were treated with maitake (D fraction) extract at 18    g/mL, 36    g/mL, 91    g/mL, 183    g/mL, or 367    g/mL or were left untreated (control) for 24 hours. MCF7 incubation with the maitake extract resulted in decreased cell viability [ @entity15781 assay] in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was statistically significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner at every concentration tested (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick-end labeling assay). Upon incubation with D fraction, a microarray assay revealed upregulation of @entity2428 and @entity4674 transcripts, 2 proteins directly involved in the apoptotic pathway. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies confirmed these findings; @entity2428 was one of most overexpressed gene, as observed by microarray assay. These findings confirm the apoptotic effect of maitake D fraction in @entity0 cells and further highlight the involvement of @entity4674 release to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic release of @entity4674 , another player in the apoptotic pathway, was also increased after incubation with D fraction in a dose-dependent manner. This finding indicates that the effect of this compound involves @entity2383 . The identification of the molecular mechanisms by which D fraction exerts its effects is crucial for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for @entity5 .

title: Maitake (D fraction) mushroom extract induces apoptosis in @entity0 cells by XXXX gene activation.

answer: @entity2428 :: (578,Gene) :: ['BAK-1']


abstract: Collagen-dependent microstructure and physicochemical properties of newly formed bone around implant surfaces represent key determinants of implant biomechanics. This study investigated the effects of implant surface topography on collagen biosynthesis of adherent @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSCs were grown for 0 to 42 days on @entity702 disks (20.0   1.0 mm) with smooth or rough surfaces. Cell attachment and spreading were evaluated by incubating cells with Texas-Red-conjugated @entity6286 antibody. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of @entity13239 and collagen modifying genes including @entity10783 hydroxylases (PHs), @entity12553 oxidases (LOXs) and @entity12553 hydroxylases (LHs). Osteogenesis was assessed at the level of osteoblast specific gene expression and @entity622 staining for mineralization. Cell layer-associated matrix and collagen content were determined by @entity535 analysis. At 4h, 100% cells were flattened on both surfaces, however the cells on smooth surface had a fibroblast-like shape, while cells on rough surface lacked any defined long axis. PH, LH, and most @entity16911 mRNA levels were greater in hMSCs grown on rough surfaces for 3 days. The mineralized area was greater for rough surface at 28 and 42 days. The collagen content (percent total protein) was also greater at rough surface compared to smooth surface at 28 (36% versus 26%) and 42 days (46% versus 29%), respectively (p<.05). In a cell culture model, rough surface topography positively modulates collagen biosynthesis and accumulation and the expression of genes associated with collagen cross-linking in adherent hMSC. The altered biosynthesis of the collagen-rich ECM adjacent to endosseous implants may influence the biomechanical properties of osseointegrated endosseous implants.

title: XXXX surface topography affects collagen biosynthesis of adherent cells.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct a population-level analysis of practice trends and probability of surgery based on the number of @entity479 injections for common hand conditions. METHODS: @entity1 aged at least 18 years receiving injection or surgery for @entity923 ( @entity923 ), @entity1795 ( @entity1795 ), or de Quervain @entity57251 (DQ) were identified for inclusion using the 2009 to 2013 Truven MarketScan databases. The researchers counted the number of injections performed and calculated the time between injection and operation for @entity1 receiving both treatments. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to evaluate the odds of undergoing surgery based on the number of injections performed, controlling for @entity1 age, sex, comorbidities, and insurance type. RESULTS: The study sample included 251,030 @entity1 who underwent @entity479 injection or operative release for @entity923 (n  = 129,917), @entity1795 (n  = 102,778), and DQ (n  = 18,335). Most @entity1 with @entity923 were managed with immediate surgery (71%), whereas most @entity1 with @entity1795 and DQ were managed initially with injection (74% and 84%, respectively). Among @entity1 receiving both an injection and an operation, a single injection was the  most common practice before surgery (69%, 58%, and 67% of @entity1 with @entity923 , @entity1795 , and DQ, respectively). Multiple injections for DQ and @entity1795 were associated with relatively low predicted probability of surgery (17% and 26%, respectively, after 2 injections). However, the predicted probability of surgery after 2 injections was higher in @entity1 with @entity923 (44%). CONCLUSIONS: Given the associated probability of surgery after multiple injections for the 3 hand conditions examined, the practice of repeat injections should be critically examined to determine whether underuse or overuse is present and whether efficiency and use of resources can be improved upon. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic II.

title: National Utilization Patterns of XXXX Injection and Operative Intervention for Treatment of Common Hand Conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity57251 :: ('MESH:D053682', 'Disease') :: ['tenovaginitis']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['trigger finger', 'TF']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A limited or absent bronchodilator response is used to classify @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and can determine the treatment offered. The reliability of the recommended response criteria and their relationship to disease progression has not been established. METHODS: 660 @entity1 meeting @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) diagnostic criteria for irreversible @entity1030 were studied. Spirometric parameters were measured on three occasions before and after @entity3045 and @entity13265 sequentially or in combination over 2 months. Responses were classified using the American @entity1514 (ATS) and @entity1576 criteria. @entity1 were followed for 3 years with post-bronchodilator FEV(1) and exacerbation history recorded 3 monthly and health status 6 monthly. RESULTS: FEV(1) increased significantly with each bronchodilator, a response that was normally distributed. Mean post-bronchodilator FEV(1) was reproducible between visits (intraclass correlation 0.93). The absolute change in FEV(1) was independent of the pre-bronchodilator value but the percentage change correlated with pre-bronchodilator FEV(1) (r=-0.44; p<0.0001). Using ATS criteria, 52.1% of @entity1 changed responder status between visits compared with 38.2% using @entity1576 criteria. Smoking status, atopy, and withdrawing inhaled corticosteroids were unrelated to bronchodilator response, as was the rate of decline in FEV(1), decline in health status, and exacerbation rate. CONCLUSION: In moderate to severe @entity1030 bronchodilator responsiveness is a continuous variable. Classifying @entity1 as "responders" and "non-responders" can be misleading and does not predict disease progression.

title: Bronchodilator reversibility testing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic Society/GOLD']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ERS', 'European Respiratory Society']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether and to what extent irrigation fluid absorption occurs during laser vaporization (LV) of the prostate using the 180  W XPS    GreenLight laser. METHODS: This prospective investigation was performed in a tertiary care center with a consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing 180  W LV of the prostate. Intraoperative irrigation was performed with isotonic saline containing 1  % @entity1068 . The volume of irrigation fluid absorption was calculated from periodically performed breath @entity1068 measurements during LV. Additionally, intraoperative changes in biochemical and hematological blood parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Positive breath @entity1068 tests were detectable in 22 of 54 @entity1 . The median absorption volume in these @entity1 was 950  ml (range 208-4579  ml). Ten @entity1 absorbed more than 2000  ml. Absorbers had smaller prostates, more capsular perforations and injuries to venous sinuses, and more total energy was applied with higher output power. Five @entity1 had transient symptoms potentially related to fluid absorption. A significant drop in hemoglobin, hematocrit, venous pH and @entity3157 and an increase in @entity2865 were detectable in the absorber group. These changes were significantly different in the non-absorber group. CONCLUSIONS: Absorption of irrigation fluid did occur in a relevant proportion of @entity1 undergoing XPS    GreenLight LV. High-volume absorption (>= 2000  ml), which might be clinically relevant, was detectable in almost 20  % of all procedures. Absorption of saline irrigation fluid does not result in a classical @entity751 , but fluid and @entity2865 overload can lead to serious complications, particularly in cardiovascular high-risk @entity1 . Thus, @entity1 with symptoms potentially related to fluid absorption should be monitored carefully.

title: Absorption of irrigation fluid during XPS    GreenLight laser vaporization of the prostate: results from a prospective breath XXXX monitoring study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['TUR syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Chemical mediator(s) involved in the renal vasodilatory and systemic @entity551 effects of platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ) remain unresolved. Because @entity842 (NO) and @entity5567 have many similar cardiovascular actions, we examined whether endogenous NO contributes to the renal and systemic actions of @entity5567 . METHODS: @entity5567 was administered into the renal arterial or systemic venous circulation of anesthetized @entity35 . The change in renal blood flow (RBF) and/or mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded in the absence and presence of NO synthase inhibition. RESULTS: Transient exposure of the renal vacsular bed to intrarenal @entity5567 boluses (1-10 ng kg(-1)) resulted in an immediate increase in RBF that was partially inhibited by the intrarenal administration of a NO synthase inhibitor, whereas the ensuing rapid fall in MAP was unaffected by NO synthase blockade. A sustained exposure to intrarenal @entity5567 infusion (2.5 ng min(-1) kg(-1)) in intrarenal NO synthase inhibitor-treated @entity35 ( @entity101 with vasoconstricted kidneys) had no effect on RBF and MAP, which was in contrast to the increase in RBF and modest fall in MAP in control intrarenal vasopressin-treated @entity35 ( @entity101 with vasoconstricted kidneys). To dissociate the influence of systemic @entity551 on the RBF response, @entity35 kidneys were denervated and MAP elevated by a pressor agent whilst maintaining renal arterial blood pressure constant. Subsequent intrarenal @entity5567 infusion at 2.5 and 10 ng min(-1) kg(-1) resulted in a substantial rise in RBF and modest fall in MAP, responses that were abolished by intrarenal NO synthase inhibition at the lower intrarenal @entity5567 infusion or abolished/attenuated at the higher intrarenal @entity5567 infusion. Additional experiments administered drugs intravenously to exclude the possibility that the modified MAP response by NO synthase inhibition was related to the drugs being administered into the kidney. Intravenous @entity5567 boluses (0.1-1 microg kg(-1)) resulted in a transient fall in MAP that was independent of the NO pathway, whereas the systemic @entity551 induced by intravenous @entity5567 infusion (10 ng min(-1) kg(-1)) was greatly attenuated by NO synthase inhibition. CONCLUSION: NO has a major role in mediating the renal and peripheral vasodilatory responses induced by a sustained exposure to @entity5567 in the @entity35 , whereas NO's overall contribution was less or absent during transient @entity5567 exposure.

title: Role of XXXX in the renal and systemic vasodilatory responses to platelet-activating factor in the @entity35 , in vivo.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Chemical mediator(s) involved in the renal vasodilatory and systemic @entity551 effects of platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ) remain unresolved. Because @entity842 (NO) and @entity5567 have many similar cardiovascular actions, we examined whether endogenous NO contributes to the renal and systemic actions of @entity5567 . METHODS: @entity5567 was administered into the renal arterial or systemic venous circulation of anesthetized @entity35 . The change in renal blood flow (RBF) and/or mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded in the absence and presence of NO synthase inhibition. RESULTS: Transient exposure of the renal vacsular bed to intrarenal @entity5567 boluses (1-10 ng kg(-1)) resulted in an immediate increase in RBF that was partially inhibited by the intrarenal administration of a NO synthase inhibitor, whereas the ensuing rapid fall in MAP was unaffected by NO synthase blockade. A sustained exposure to intrarenal @entity5567 infusion (2.5 ng min(-1) kg(-1)) in intrarenal NO synthase inhibitor-treated @entity35 ( @entity101 with vasoconstricted kidneys) had no effect on RBF and MAP, which was in contrast to the increase in RBF and modest fall in MAP in control intrarenal vasopressin-treated @entity35 ( @entity101 with vasoconstricted kidneys). To dissociate the influence of systemic @entity551 on the RBF response, @entity35 kidneys were denervated and MAP elevated by a pressor agent whilst maintaining renal arterial blood pressure constant. Subsequent intrarenal @entity5567 infusion at 2.5 and 10 ng min(-1) kg(-1) resulted in a substantial rise in RBF and modest fall in MAP, responses that were abolished by intrarenal NO synthase inhibition at the lower intrarenal @entity5567 infusion or abolished/attenuated at the higher intrarenal @entity5567 infusion. Additional experiments administered drugs intravenously to exclude the possibility that the modified MAP response by NO synthase inhibition was related to the drugs being administered into the kidney. Intravenous @entity5567 boluses (0.1-1 microg kg(-1)) resulted in a transient fall in MAP that was independent of the NO pathway, whereas the systemic @entity551 induced by intravenous @entity5567 infusion (10 ng min(-1) kg(-1)) was greatly attenuated by NO synthase inhibition. CONCLUSION: NO has a major role in mediating the renal and peripheral vasodilatory responses induced by a sustained exposure to @entity5567 in the @entity35 , whereas NO's overall contribution was less or absent during transient @entity5567 exposure.

title: Role of @entity842 in the renal and systemic vasodilatory responses to platelet-activating factor in the XXXX , in vivo.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop an automated surveillance system, using pressure-based hemodynamic factors that would detect which @entity1 were making the transition from compensated to @entity712 before they developed worsening symptoms and required acute medical  care. METHODS AND RESULTS: Intracardiac pressures in 274 @entity1 with @entity712 were measured using an implantable hemodynamic monitor (IHM) and were analyzed in a retrospective manner. An automated @entity551 ( @entity551 ) algorithm was developed using the cumulative sum method. The performance  characteristics of the @entity551 algorithm were defined in all @entity1 who developed a @entity712 -related event (HFRE); @entity1 without HFRE served as controls. Optimal @entity551 threshold values were chosen using a receiver operator curve analysis. Each of the pressures measured with the IHM were evaluated using the @entity551 analysis. All had sensitivities >= 80% and false-positive rates <4.7/ @entity1 -year; however, estimated pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (ePAD) had the best performance. An ePAD based on the optimized @entity551 threshold of 6.0 yielded a sensitivity of 83% and a false-positive rate of 4.1/ @entity1 -year for detecting @entity1 making the transition from compensated to @entity712 . These  performance characteristics were not significantly different for @entity1 with an ejection fraction > vs. <50%, estimated glomerular filtration rate > vs. <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), or age > vs. <60 years. CONCLUSIONS: The automated @entity551 algorithm had high sensitivity and acceptable false-positive rates in detecting the development of @entity712 before the @entity1 developed worsening symptoms and required acute medical care. These data support the development of a prospective study to examine the utility of adding an automated @entity551 algorithm to IHM-based management strategies to prevent @entity712 .

title: Hemodynamic factors associated with acute XXXX : part 2--use in automated detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'pressure change detection']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['decompensated heart failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['decompensated heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: This study evaluates the biological response of @entity1958 tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (aMSCs) to ionizing radiation (IR). METHODS: Irradiated BALB/c @entity19 aMSCs were characterized for functionality and phenotype. The clonogenic capacity of irradiated aMSCs was assessed and compared with those of metastatic @entity0 cell line (4T1) and normal @entity19 fibroblasts (NIH3T3-wt). We investigated the IR-induced DNA damage response, apoptosis, changes in cell cycle (CC) dynamics and protein and gene expression. RESULTS: Irradiated and non-irradiated aMSCs were able to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes with no significant difference. Irradiated aMSCs maintained the expression of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) surface antigens and, as expected, were negative for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) surface antigens when tested up to 7 days after IR for all irradiation doses with no significant difference. Clonogenically, irradiated aMSCs had higher relative survival fraction and plating efficiency than 4T1 and NIH3T3-wt. Irradiated aMSCs expressed higher    @entity2006 and significantly showed faster and more time-efficient IR-induced DNA damage response evident by up-regulated @entity31796 and @entity13698 . Two hours after IR, most of aMSCs DNA damage/repair-related genes showed up-regulation that disappeared within 6   h after IR. Irradiated aMSCs showed a significant rise and an earlier peak of p-ATM-dependent and -independent (p84/5E10-mediated) G2/M CC arrest compared with 4T1 and NIH3T3-wt. CONCLUSIONS: After IR exposure, aMSCs showed a robust and time-efficient radiation-induced DNA damage repair response, stable phenotypical characteristics and multi-lineage differentiation potential, suggesting they may be reliable candidates for cell therapy in radiation oncology regenerative medicine.

title: XXXX mesenchymal stromal cells response to ionizing radiation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1958 :: (230796(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Adipose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most @entity1 undergo an upper gastrointestinal study (UGI) before an anti-reflux (AR) procedure or @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ). @entity854 detected by UGI are uncommon and we hypothesize that the value of routine preoperative use of this test is limited. METHODS: Five hundred and seventy-two @entity1 who underwent either an AR or @entity5274 over a 10-y period at our institution were reviewed. Data including @entity1 demographics, indications for surgery, preoperative testing, and type of operation were collected. RESULTS: Of the 572 cases, an UGI was performed in approximately 71%. The results were interpreted as normal in 63%, and abnormal in 37%. The most common abnormality noted was gastroesophageal reflux in approximately 80%, followed by an @entity854 in 6%, most of which were expected. Of 36 anatomic abnormalities noted, only four were unexpected in the total cohort. In addition to an UGI, half of the subjects received additional evaluations that included pH probes and gastric emptying studies (GES). In these studies, 56% of pH probes and 45% of GES had findings in which reflux was noted. Compared with UGIs, these tests were significantly more likely to identify reflux in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the utility of an UGI before AR or @entity5274 procedures is low. @entity854 were rare and changed clinical management in a total of four cases. A prospective trial would help to further validate these findings and help identify @entity1 who would benefit from an UGI.

title: The usefulness of the upper gastrointestinal series in the pediatric patient before anti-reflux procedure or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube placement', 'GT']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic abnormality', 'Anatomic abnormalities']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['gastrostomy tube placement']


abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using crude and affinity-purified antigens of adult worms of @entity9642 was performed for infected cat sera with different worm burden, from preinfection to 18th week after @entity281 . Crude antigen was used with supernatant of homogenated worms by freezing-thawing method, and the supernate was centrifuged for l hour at 10,000 rpm at 4C. Affinity-purified antigen (antibody-bound antigen) was prepared from fractions (bound and unbound) of crude antigen by affinity chromatography on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B, and IgG as a ligand was prepared from @entity9643 cat serum (6 months infected) obtained by @entity1329 (40-45 per cent saturated) precipitation method. By SDS-PAGE, crude antigen showed 22 polypeptide fractions while purified antigen showed 4 fractions: 36, 400, 34,700,27,600 and 11,500 in molecular weights. All @entity468 were divided into five groups(G1-G5) by different worm burdens. The mean of recovered worms (+/-SD) and the number of @entity468 in each group are as follows:G1, 2 worms(0) and 4 @entity468 ; G2, 4.75(+/-0.66) and eight; G3, 10.75(+/-1.92) and four; G4, 25.20(+/-3.43) and five; G5, 48(+/-12.63) and five @entity468 . The results were summarized as follows: The antibody levels(OD value) increased by worm burden in G1 to G4 generally. However, individual antibody levels were not exactly related with worm burden in all groups, especially there was a wide difference in G4 and G5. These results suggested that the worm burden in G4 (about 20 - 30 worms) is enough to produce antibody maximum in @entity468 of 2~3 kg weight. The antibody levels increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to control sera at the 3rd week in G1 and G2, at the 2nd week in G3, and at the 1st week in G4 and G5. Especially in the 4th week, OD value increased more in G1(p<0.001) and in G2 to G5(p<0.01). In the pattern of antibody levels by ELISA in each group, OD in G1 increased to the 18th week continuously, in G2 OD was maintained same after the 16th week, but in G3 it decresed after the 16th week, and it was maintained same in G4 and G5 after the 14th week. The antibody levels by ELISA with the affinity-purified antigen were higher than those with crude antigen in all groups generally. Especially, the difference of OD values between two antigens was larger from the 4th to the 10th week. In G1 and G2 OD with purified antigen was higher than that with crude one to the 18th week. It was also higher in G3 than that with crude antigen to the 16th week and OD of G4 and G5 were higher before the 14th week than that with crude antigen, however became lower at the 16th week. Consequently, the antibody level in ELISA with affinity-purified antigen was more sensitive at the early weeks after @entity281 and in light @entity281 groups than that with crude antigen.

title: [ELISA of XXXX in cat by crude and purified antigens of @entity9642 ]

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity9643 :: (MESH:D010237,Disease) :: ['paragonimiasis']


abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using crude and affinity-purified antigens of adult worms of @entity9642 was performed for infected cat sera with different worm burden, from preinfection to 18th week after @entity281 . Crude antigen was used with supernatant of homogenated worms by freezing-thawing method, and the supernate was centrifuged for l hour at 10,000 rpm at 4C. Affinity-purified antigen (antibody-bound antigen) was prepared from fractions (bound and unbound) of crude antigen by affinity chromatography on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B, and IgG as a ligand was prepared from @entity9643 cat serum (6 months infected) obtained by @entity1329 (40-45 per cent saturated) precipitation method. By SDS-PAGE, crude antigen showed 22 polypeptide fractions while purified antigen showed 4 fractions: 36, 400, 34,700,27,600 and 11,500 in molecular weights. All @entity468 were divided into five groups(G1-G5) by different worm burdens. The mean of recovered worms (+/-SD) and the number of @entity468 in each group are as follows:G1, 2 worms(0) and 4 @entity468 ; G2, 4.75(+/-0.66) and eight; G3, 10.75(+/-1.92) and four; G4, 25.20(+/-3.43) and five; G5, 48(+/-12.63) and five @entity468 . The results were summarized as follows: The antibody levels(OD value) increased by worm burden in G1 to G4 generally. However, individual antibody levels were not exactly related with worm burden in all groups, especially there was a wide difference in G4 and G5. These results suggested that the worm burden in G4 (about 20 - 30 worms) is enough to produce antibody maximum in @entity468 of 2~3 kg weight. The antibody levels increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to control sera at the 3rd week in G1 and G2, at the 2nd week in G3, and at the 1st week in G4 and G5. Especially in the 4th week, OD value increased more in G1(p<0.001) and in G2 to G5(p<0.01). In the pattern of antibody levels by ELISA in each group, OD in G1 increased to the 18th week continuously, in G2 OD was maintained same after the 16th week, but in G3 it decresed after the 16th week, and it was maintained same in G4 and G5 after the 14th week. The antibody levels by ELISA with the affinity-purified antigen were higher than those with crude antigen in all groups generally. Especially, the difference of OD values between two antigens was larger from the 4th to the 10th week. In G1 and G2 OD with purified antigen was higher than that with crude one to the 18th week. It was also higher in G3 than that with crude antigen to the 16th week and OD of G4 and G5 were higher before the 14th week than that with crude antigen, however became lower at the 16th week. Consequently, the antibody level in ELISA with affinity-purified antigen was more sensitive at the early weeks after @entity281 and in light @entity281 groups than that with crude antigen.

title: [ELISA of @entity9643 in cat by crude and purified antigens of XXXX ]

answer: @entity9642 :: (34504,Species) :: ['Paragonimus westermani']


abstract: Data from cellular systems and transgenic animal models suggest a role of @entity3294 in the regulation of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism. However, the precise mechanism whereby @entity3294 regulates VLDL metabolism remains to be elucidated in @entity1 . In this study, we examined the associations between the kinetics of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity3294 and VLDL-apoB-100 kinetics, and plasma @entity1254 concentrations. The kinetics of HDL- @entity3294 and VLDL-apoB-100 were measured in 37 nonobese @entity1 using stable isotope techniques. Plasma @entity1254 concentration was measured using immunoassays. Total plasma @entity3294 concentration was positively associated with HDL- @entity3294 production rate (PR) (r = 0.734, P < .01); both were positively associated with plasma @entity412 concentration (r = 0.360 and 0.369, respectively) and VLDL-apoB-100 PR (r = 0.406 and 0.427, respectively), and inversely associated with plasma @entity1254 concentration (r = -0.449 and -0.375, respectively). Plasma @entity1254 was inversely associated with plasma @entity412 concentration (r = -0.327), VLDL-apoB-100 concentration (r = -0.337), and VLDL-apoB-100 PR (r = -0.373). In multiple regression models including waist circumference and plasma insulin, plasma @entity1254 concentration was an independent determinant of total plasma @entity3294 concentration (b-coefficient = -0.508, P = .001) and HDL- @entity3294 PR (b-coefficient = -0.374, P = .03). Conversely, total plasma @entity3294 concentration (b-coefficient = 0.348, P = .047) and HDL- @entity3294 PR (b-coefficient = -0.350, P = .035) were both independent determinants of VLDL-apoB-100 PR. However, these associations were not independent of plasma @entity1254 . Variation in HDL @entity3294 production, and hence total plasma @entity3294 concentration, may exert a major effect on VLDL-apoB-100 production. Plasma @entity1254 may also contribute to the variation in VLDL-apoB-100 production partly by regulating @entity3294 transport.

title: Apolipoprotein A-II and adiponectin as determinants of very low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism in nonobese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3294 :: ('336', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein (apo) A-II', 'apoA-II']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mentally ill female veterans obtain a smaller proportion of their care from Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities than mentally ill male veterans do, possibly because @entity1 are less likely than @entity1 to be service connected for @entity146 disabilities. "Service connected" veterans have documented, compensative conditions related to or aggravated by military service, and they receive priority for enrollment into the VA healthcare system. OBJECTIVES: To see if there are gender discrepancies in rates of service connection for @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and, if so, to see if these discrepancies could be attributed to appropriate subject characteristics (eg, differences in symptom severity or impairment). RESEARCH DESIGN: Mailed survey linked to administrative data. Claims audits were conducted on 11% of the sample. SUBJECTS: Randomly selected veterans seeking VA disability benefits for @entity1005 . @entity1 were oversampled to achieve a gender ratio of 1:1. RESULTS: A total of 3337 veterans returned usable surveys (effective response rate, 68%). @entity1 's unadjusted rate of service connection for @entity1005 was 71%; @entity1 's, 52% (P < 0.0001). Adjustment for veterans' @entity1005 symptom severity or functional impairment did not appreciably reduce this discrepancy, but adjustment for dissimilar rates of combat exposure did. Estimated rates of service connection were 53% for @entity1 and 56% for @entity1 after adjusting for combat exposure. This combat preference could not be explained by more severe @entity1005 symptoms or greater functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Instead of a gender bias in awards for @entity1005 service connection, we found evidence of a combat advantage that disproportionately favored @entity1 . The appropriateness of this apparent advantage is unclear and needs further investigation.

title: Gender Differences in service connection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare prospectively, in @entity1 undergoing chest computed tomography (CT) for pulmonary-nodules or @entity281 , image-quality and accuracy of standard dose (SD) and reduced dose (RD) CT with @entity11721 -filtration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This IRB-approved study included 100 consecutive @entity1 (36 female;median age 56 years) referred for follow-up of pulmonary-nodules (n=43) or suspicion of @entity281 (n=57) undergoing single-energy CT with SD and RD using tin-filtration at 100kVp (CTDIvol 2.47mGy and 0.07mGy, respectively). Images were reconstructed with advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) at strength 3 and 5. Image-noise was measured. Two independent readers evaluated nodules and @entity358 . SD CT served as reference standard. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in noise between RD with ADMIRE5 and SD with ADMIRE3 (118HU  14 vs. 120HU  17; p=0.08). Sensitivity for detection of atelectasis and interstitial lung changes was higher in images reconstructed with ADMIRE5 (93% and 88%; respectively) than in those reconstructed with ADIMRE3 (77% and 78%; respectively). Sensitivity for detection of consolidations was 90% for ADMIRE3 and 89% for ADMIRE5. Sensitivity for nodule detection was 71% for ADMIRE3 and 81% for ADMIRE5. Specificity for detection of atelectasis and interstitial lung changes was 99% and 96% with ADMIRE5 and 99% and 96% with ADMIRE3. Specificity for detection of consolidations was 99% for ADMIRE3 and 5. Specificity for detection of nodules was 87% for both ADMIRE3 and 5. CONCLUSION: Chest CT with a radiation dose equivalent to conventional radiography is feasible and allows for detection of @entity358 with high sensitivity, whereas the accuracy for detecting nodules is only moderate.

title: Evaluation of pulmonary nodules and XXXX on chest CT with radiation dose equivalent to chest radiography: Prospective intra-individual comparison study to standard dose CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection', 'pulmonary-infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: A number of promising therapies for @entity296 are emerging, and the role of translational research in testing the efficacy and safety of these agents in relevant clinical models has become important. The goal of this study was to develop a chronic model of @entity296 in a large animal model. In this study, 40 consecutive @entity1707 were initially enrolled. To induce progressive @entity850 , a plastic occluder with a fixed diameter of 1.0 mm fitted with an 18-gauge @entity920 wire was placed around the proximal @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary artery. Coronary angiography, hemodynamic measurements, and echocardiography were performed at 2 wk and 1, 2, and 3 mo. Overall mortality was 26% at 3 mo, and up to 80% of the @entity1707 showed total occlusion of @entity1347 at 1 mo. A significant @entity308 of peak LV pressure rate of rise (+dP/dt(max)) was observed in the animals showing @entity432 throughout the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction was also impaired, and the left ventricular volumes tended to be larger in the @entity1707 with occlusion. Approximately 10% of scar tissue was found in the @entity1347 occluded @entity1707 , whereas the coronary flow pattern in the rest of the area took the pattern of hibernating @entity1562 . At the same time, histological and protein analysis established the presence of @entity82 and ongoing apoptosis in the @entity63 area. In this model, the timing and incidence of total occlusion and low mortality offer significant advantages over other @entity296 models in conducting preclinical studies.

title: Development of a preclinical model of XXXX in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: A number of promising therapies for @entity296 are emerging, and the role of translational research in testing the efficacy and safety of these agents in relevant clinical models has become important. The goal of this study was to develop a chronic model of @entity296 in a large animal model. In this study, 40 consecutive @entity1707 were initially enrolled. To induce progressive @entity850 , a plastic occluder with a fixed diameter of 1.0 mm fitted with an 18-gauge @entity920 wire was placed around the proximal @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary artery. Coronary angiography, hemodynamic measurements, and echocardiography were performed at 2 wk and 1, 2, and 3 mo. Overall mortality was 26% at 3 mo, and up to 80% of the @entity1707 showed total occlusion of @entity1347 at 1 mo. A significant @entity308 of peak LV pressure rate of rise (+dP/dt(max)) was observed in the animals showing @entity432 throughout the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction was also impaired, and the left ventricular volumes tended to be larger in the @entity1707 with occlusion. Approximately 10% of scar tissue was found in the @entity1347 occluded @entity1707 , whereas the coronary flow pattern in the rest of the area took the pattern of hibernating @entity1562 . At the same time, histological and protein analysis established the presence of @entity82 and ongoing apoptosis in the @entity63 area. In this model, the timing and incidence of total occlusion and low mortality offer significant advantages over other @entity296 models in conducting preclinical studies.

title: Development of a preclinical model of @entity296 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-resolution genomic microarrays enable simultaneous detection of copy-number aberrations such as the known recurrent aberrations in @entity1072 [del(11q), del(13q), @entity72762 ], and copy-number neutral loss of heterozygosity. Moreover, comparison of genomic profiles from sequential @entity1 ' samples allows detection of @entity2214 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We screened samples from 369 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1072 from a population-based cohort using 250K single nucleotide polymorphism-arrays. @entity2214 was evaluated in 59 follow-up samples obtained after 5-9 years. RESULTS: At diagnosis, copy-number aberrations were identified in 90% of @entity1 ; 70% carried known recurrent alterations, including del(13q) (55%), trisomy 12 (10.5%), del(11q) (10%), and del(17p) (4%). Additional recurrent aberrations were detected on chromosomes 2 (1.9%), 4 (1.4%), 8 (1.6%) and 14 (1.6%). Thirteen @entity1 (3.5%) displayed recurrent copy-number neutral loss of heterozygosity on 13q, of whom 11 had concurrent homozygous del(13q). Genomic complexity and large 13q deletions correlated with inferior outcome, while the former was linked to poor-prognostic aberrations. In the follow-up study, @entity2214 developed in 8/24 (33%) @entity1 with unmutated @entity7513 , and in 4/25 (16%) @entity7513 -mutated and treated @entity1 . In contrast, untreated @entity1 with mutated @entity7513 (n=10) did not acquire additional aberrations. The most common secondary event, del(13q), was detected in 6/12 (50%) of all @entity1 with acquired alterations. Interestingly, aberrations on, for example, chromosome 6q, 8p, 9p and 10q developed exclusively in @entity1 with unmutated @entity7513 . CONCLUSIONS: Whole-genome screening revealed a high frequency of genomic aberrations in newly diagnosed @entity1072 . @entity2214 was associated with other markers of @entity146 and commonly included the known recurrent aberrations.

title: Array-based genomic screening at diagnosis and during follow-up in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution', 'Clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between sleep and social-emotional development in two-year-old toddlers. METHODS: The study is part of a longitudinal cohort study, the Akershus Birth Cohort Study, which targeted all @entity1 giving birth at Akershus University Hospital in Norway. The current study is from the fourth round of the study, including 2014 @entity1 two years after delivery. The Brief @entity1 Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional (ASQ:SE) were filled out by the mothers and were used to assess toddler sleep, and social-emotional development, respectively. Other domains of development (communication problems, gross motor problems, and fine motor problems) were assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the ASQ:SE, and logistic regression analyses were used to examine both crude associations between sleep variables and @entity6100 , and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The mean sleep duration of the toddlers was 12h and 27min; the majority of the @entity1 (54%) had 1-2 awakenings per night, while 10% of the @entity1 had a sleep onset latency of more than 30min. All sleep parameters, including short sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings and sleep onset problems, were significantly associated with @entity6100 in a dose-response manner. For example, sleeping less than 11h per night was associated with a five-fold increase in the odds of @entity6100 , compared to sleeping 13-14h per night. Adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal age, maternal education, marital status, parity, gestational age, @entity1 birth-weight and other developmental problems, did not, or only slightly, attenuate the associations between any of the sleep variables and @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings and sleep onset problems were all associated with higher odds of @entity6100 , even after accounting for developmental problems and demographic factors. Thus, a broad assessment of sleep and @entity6100 when toddlers present with either can be useful.

title: Pediatric sleep problems and XXXX . A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Infant', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['social-emotional problems']

answer: @entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['social-emotional problems']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block is a known and useful technique, widely used for @entity282 management of abdominal wall incisions. During the past years, and following the expansion of ultrasound guided techniques, its use has even gained more adepts. It is usually used as an adjuvant technique, primarily in order to control @entity282 and reduce opioids consumption. We report the case of an 82 years old @entity1 admitted for drainage of a postoperative @entity1410 after correction of a @entity547 . The corrective surgery had gone on without incident, under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask. Two weeks later, the @entity1 came back to our emergency department with a clear @entity1410 of the abdominal wall. Surgery was decided. A sole local anesthetic technique was achieved, using a TAP block. The block was performed under ultrasound guidance, using a subcostal approach. The surgery went on without complications. Therefore, TAP block offers a hemodynamic stability, appropriate intra-operative anesthesia and post-surgical analgesia of the abdominal wall.

title: Transversus abdominal plane block as a sole anesthetic technique for XXXX drainage.

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['McBurney incisional hernia']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['abdominal wall hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a significant association between @entity299 and @entity385 . The @entity299 ( @entity299 ) after decompressive craniectomy for @entity385 from @entity385 were studied retrospectively. METHODS: Retrospective data were collected for preexisting cardiac risk factors, baseline clinical measures, and perioperative @entity299 including life-threatening @entity943 , @entity741 , @entity712 , and @entity1167 . The association between perioperative @entity299 and mortality was assessed using the   (2) test. RESULTS: Data from 42 @entity1 were analyzed. Mortality occurred in 19 (45.2%) @entity1 . Eleven (57.9% of deaths) suffered mortality because of neurological causes, 7 @entity1 (36.8% of mortality) because of cardiac causes, and 1 because of other causes. Mortality in @entity1 who developed @entity299 was significantly higher than in those without @entity299 [75% mortality with @entity299 vs. 18.2% without @entity299 (P<0.0001)]. The odds ratio for mortality with @entity299 was 13.5 (3.1 to 59.5). There was a significant correlation between the number of @entity299 and mortality (Spearmans   =0.738 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Serious @entity299 are common in the acute period after @entity64 and decompressive craniectomy, and are important contributors to mortality.

title: Serious cardiac adverse events after decompressive craniectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['SCAEs', 'cardiac events', 'cardiac dysfunction', 'serious cardiac adverse events']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'malignant cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['malignant cerebral infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laryngoscopy and intubation are associated with increase in heart rate and mean blood pressure which are deleterious for @entity1 especially with @entity101 , @entity299 , raised intraocular and intracranial pressure. This study was undertaken with an objective to determine the efficacy of @entity5889 in preventing increase in heart rate and mean arterial pressure in response to laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation. @entity1 #ENTITYSTARTX00026; METHODS: A randomized controlled, prospective, double blinded study was undertaken on 60 @entity1 ASA grade I and II posted for elective laparoscopy surgery to receive either saline (group I, control group, n=30) or @entity5889 0.2mg kg(-1)(group II, study group, n=30 ) as a bolus dose, 5 minutes before laryngoscopy. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were taken 3 minute after study drug (T-1), just after intubation (T-2), then after every minute till 5 min (T3-7) and after 10 min of intubation (T-8). Twenty percent rise in heart rate and mean arterial pressure was considered as significant. Students 't' test was used for the analysis of data by using statistical software Medcal version 11.1.1.0. and P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was significant rise in heart rate(20.4%) in group I after intubation at T-2 compared with baseline at T-1 as compared to group II (16.66%). Mean arterial pressure showed rise of 12.35% in group I and 4.39% in group II at T-2 but was not significant. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure then gradually decreased from T3-8 but remained slightly higher than group II at 8th minute. CONCLUSION: We thus conclude that @entity5889 0.2 mg kg (-1)prevented a marked rise in heart rate and mean arterial pressure associated with laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation.

title: Effect of XXXX on haemodynamic response to orotracheal intubation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine', 'Nalbuphine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity5889 :: (MESH:D009266,Chemical) :: ['nalbuphine']


abstract: Hypericum perforatum is a well-known medicinal plant which contains a wide variety of metabolites, including @entity51028 , which have a wide range of biological properties, including antifungal activity. In the present study, we evaluated the capability of roots regenerated from calli of H. perforatum subsp. angustifolium to produce @entity51028 . Root biomass was positively correlated with the @entity21234 concentration, whereas a concentration of 1 mg l(-1) was the most suitable for the development of roots. High @entity52466 concentrations also inhibited @entity43765 accumulation. @entity51028 were produced in large amounts, with a very stable trend throughout the culture period. When the roots were treated with chitosan, the @entity43765 content dramatically increased, peaking after 7 days. Chitosan also induced a release of these metabolites into the culture. The maximum accumulation (14.26    0.62 mg g(-1) dry weight [DW]) and release (2.64    0.13 mg g(-1) DW) of @entity51028 were recorded 7 days after treatment. The most represented @entity51028 were isolated, purified, and spectroscopically characterized. Antifungal activity of the total root extracts was tested against a broad panel of @entity1 fungal pathogen strains (30 Candida species, 12 @entity1327 , and 16 dermatophytes); this activity significantly increased when using chitosan. Extracts obtained after 7 days of chitosan treatment showed high antifungal activity (mean minimum inhibitory concentration of 83.4, 39.1, and 114  g ml(-1) against Candida spp., @entity1327 , and dermatophytes, respectively). Our results suggest that root cultures can be considered as a potential tool for large-scale production of extracts with stable quantities of @entity51028 .

title: Root cultures of Hypericum perforatum subsp. angustifolium elicited with chitosan and production of XXXX -rich extracts with antifungal activity.

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity21234 :: ('MESH:C014612', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity51028 :: ('MESH:D044004', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthones', 'xanthones']

answer: @entity43765 :: (MESH:C009689,Chemical) :: ['xanthone']


abstract: 78 @entity1 with @entity420 were studied with a diagnostic protocol in order to obtain a TNM clinical stage in the preoperative period. Each @entity1 underwent digital rectal examination, proctoscopy, double contrast barium enema, pelvic CT scan, liver ultrasound and chest x-ray. The degree of infiltration of the rectal wall by the @entity5 and the presence or absence of node and liver metastases were evaluated. After resection all specimens were studied by a pathologist who defined the pathologic stage. Data obtained by each diagnostic procedure were compared with the pathologic data. For each method, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity were evaluated. Each method showed an equivalent accuracy (100%) to detect infiltration of the muscularis of the rectum. Data were less accurate in identifying extraparietal @entity5 invasion. Accuracy was 79% for rectal examination, 74% for double contrast barium enema and 72% for pelvic CT scan. In the evaluation of lymph-node involvement, accuracy was 77%, specificity 74% and sensitivity 80%. Liver metastases were detected with 94% accuracy, 97% specificity and 50% sensitivity.

title: Clinical staging of XXXX . Results of a prospective continuing study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The aim of this controlled animal study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered 30 min after @entity1796 . The study animals comprised 16 Sprague Dawley male @entity35 divided in two groups. The right Achilles tendons were injured by blunt @entity130 using a mini guillotine, and were treated with LLLT or placebo LLLT 30 min later. The injury and LLLT procedures were then repeated 15 hours later on the same tendon. One group received active LLLT (   = 904 nm, 60 mW mean output power, 0.158 W/cm(2) for 50 s, energy 3 J) and the other group received placebo LLLT 23 hours after LLLT. Ultrasonographic images were taken to measure the thickness of the right and left Achilles tendons. Animals were then killed, and all Achilles tendons were tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS). All analyses were performed by blinded observers. There was a significant @entity924 in the active LLLT group when compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences between the placebo and uninjured left tendons. There were no significant differences in UTS between laser-treated, placebo-treated and uninjured tendons. Laser irradiation of the Achilles tendon at 0.158 W/cm(2) for 50 s (3 J) administered within the first 30 min after blunt @entity130 , and repeated after 15 h, appears to lead to @entity4 of the tendon measured 23 hours after LLLT. The guillotine blunt @entity130 model seems suitable for inflicting @entity1796 and measuring the effects of treatment on @entity4 by ultrasonography and UTS. More studies are needed to further refine this model.

title: An experimental study of low-level laser therapy in @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['increase in tendon thickness']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the Achilles tendon', 'tendon injury']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['Achilles tendon injury']


abstract: The aim of this controlled animal study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered 30 min after @entity1796 . The study animals comprised 16 Sprague Dawley male @entity35 divided in two groups. The right Achilles tendons were injured by blunt @entity130 using a mini guillotine, and were treated with LLLT or placebo LLLT 30 min later. The injury and LLLT procedures were then repeated 15 hours later on the same tendon. One group received active LLLT (   = 904 nm, 60 mW mean output power, 0.158 W/cm(2) for 50 s, energy 3 J) and the other group received placebo LLLT 23 hours after LLLT. Ultrasonographic images were taken to measure the thickness of the right and left Achilles tendons. Animals were then killed, and all Achilles tendons were tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS). All analyses were performed by blinded observers. There was a significant @entity924 in the active LLLT group when compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences between the placebo and uninjured left tendons. There were no significant differences in UTS between laser-treated, placebo-treated and uninjured tendons. Laser irradiation of the Achilles tendon at 0.158 W/cm(2) for 50 s (3 J) administered within the first 30 min after blunt @entity130 , and repeated after 15 h, appears to lead to @entity4 of the tendon measured 23 hours after LLLT. The guillotine blunt @entity130 model seems suitable for inflicting @entity1796 and measuring the effects of treatment on @entity4 by ultrasonography and UTS. More studies are needed to further refine this model.

title: An experimental study of low-level laser therapy in XXXX @entity1796 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incidence of local relapse after definitive chemoradiation (>59  Gy) for locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is high, irrespective of high dose radiation applied. Experience with salvage lung resections in @entity1 with locally relapsed @entity1149 after definitive chemoradiation is limited. We present our series of salvage lung resections for local @entity1149 relapse after curative-intent chemoradiation for locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS: Nine consecutive @entity1 with local @entity5 recurrence or persistence following definitive chemoradiation were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess @entity1 survival. RESULTS: All @entity1 received definitive radiation (median dose 66.2  Gy) with concurrent chemotherapy. @entity5 stage prior to chemoradiation was IIIA in 8 @entity1 and IV in 1. In 4 @entity1 @entity5 invaded the chest wall, in 2 the spine and in 1 the aorta. Median interval between chemoradiation and salvage resection was 30.2  weeks. Nine @entity1 underwent 9 resections (6 lobectomies, 1 bilobectomy, 1 pneumonectomy and 1 bi-segmentectomy). One @entity204 occurred on the 12th postoperative day. Median overall survival was 23  months; postoperative 3-year survival was 47  %. Median progression-free survival was 21  months. CONCLUSION: Salvage lung resection for locally recurrent or persisted @entity1149 in selected @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 following definitive chemoradiation is a worthwhile treatment option.

title: Should salvage surgery be considered for local recurrence after definitive chemoradiation in locally advanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is usually assumed that @entity4512 is associated with both the physical workload and the psychosocial work environment, as well as with personal and lifestyle factors. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of @entity4512 in @entity1 with varying or different occupational exposures, and to explore the associations between @entity4512 and the occupational and personal factors. METHODS: A questionnaire on physical, psychosocial and individual factors was answered by 1591 @entity1 in five occupational groups with contrasting occupational exposures (teachers, anaesthetic, theatre, and assistant nurses, and sonographers). The outcome measure was @entity4512 (in a new model based on frequency and intensity of complaints the preceding year) from the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back and feet. RESULTS: Neck @entity158 was equally frequent among teachers, assistant nurses and sonographers, and less frequent in anaesthetic and theatre nurses. The sonographers experienced the highest prevalence of @entity158 , while the assistant nurses were the most affected in the wrists and hands, lower back, and feet. The teachers reported the highest scores in most of the psychosocial dimensions. The theatre nurses scored highest in strenuous work postures and movements (mechanical exposure index, MEI), and the assistant nurses in physical activity and lifting (physical exposure index, PHYI). Multivariable models in the total population showed that both the physical workload and the psychosocial work environment were associated with @entity158 in all body regions, though different factors affected different regions. @entity158 in the neck, shoulders, hands and lower back was strongly associated with a high MEI and high job demands, while @entity158 in the feet was associated with a high PHYI and a high BMI. A young age was associated with @entity158 in the neck, and an older age was associated with @entity158 in the hands and feet. Lack of time for personal recovery was associated with @entity158 in the shoulders and lower back. CONCLUSIONS: The occupational groups were affected differently and need different protective measures. For the teachers, the psychosocial work environment should be improved. The surgical staff and sonographers require measures to mitigate lifting and constrained postures.

title: Cross-sectional associations between occupational factors and XXXX in @entity1 teachers, nurses and sonographers.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'shoulder pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is usually assumed that @entity4512 is associated with both the physical workload and the psychosocial work environment, as well as with personal and lifestyle factors. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of @entity4512 in @entity1 with varying or different occupational exposures, and to explore the associations between @entity4512 and the occupational and personal factors. METHODS: A questionnaire on physical, psychosocial and individual factors was answered by 1591 @entity1 in five occupational groups with contrasting occupational exposures (teachers, anaesthetic, theatre, and assistant nurses, and sonographers). The outcome measure was @entity4512 (in a new model based on frequency and intensity of complaints the preceding year) from the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back and feet. RESULTS: Neck @entity158 was equally frequent among teachers, assistant nurses and sonographers, and less frequent in anaesthetic and theatre nurses. The sonographers experienced the highest prevalence of @entity158 , while the assistant nurses were the most affected in the wrists and hands, lower back, and feet. The teachers reported the highest scores in most of the psychosocial dimensions. The theatre nurses scored highest in strenuous work postures and movements (mechanical exposure index, MEI), and the assistant nurses in physical activity and lifting (physical exposure index, PHYI). Multivariable models in the total population showed that both the physical workload and the psychosocial work environment were associated with @entity158 in all body regions, though different factors affected different regions. @entity158 in the neck, shoulders, hands and lower back was strongly associated with a high MEI and high job demands, while @entity158 in the feet was associated with a high PHYI and a high BMI. A young age was associated with @entity158 in the neck, and an older age was associated with @entity158 in the hands and feet. Lack of time for personal recovery was associated with @entity158 in the shoulders and lower back. CONCLUSIONS: The occupational groups were affected differently and need different protective measures. For the teachers, the psychosocial work environment should be improved. The surgical staff and sonographers require measures to mitigate lifting and constrained postures.

title: Cross-sectional associations between occupational factors and @entity4512 in XXXX teachers, nurses and sonographers.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']