abstract: Two @entity1 with disseminated @entity3219 are reported. One @entity1 presented with severe @entity882 and @entity381 . Histoplasmin skin test, blood and bone marrow cultures and smears, sputum cultures, and chest radiographs were negative for @entity3218 . She died on the sixth hospital day from a massive @entity1779 . Cardiorespiratory function was maintained until one kidney was removed for homotransplantation. The second @entity1 , with chronic @entity631 and @entity5507 , received the renal homograft from the first @entity1 . Initial signs of homograft rejection developed five days postoperatively. Diffuse @entity882 occurred shortly thereafter. Spores of @entity3218 were observed in blood smears, in leukocyte concentrates, and in five-day leukocyte cultures from the blood obtained prior to @entity204 . Disseminated @entity3219 was found in both @entity1 at autopsy. The severe @entity1423 in both cases suggests that systemic @entity3219 should be considered as a cause of @entity882 .To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of direct transmission of @entity3218 , and must be considered a hazard in homotransplantation.In vitro leukocyte cultures as a method for early diagnosis of certain disseminated @entity281 needs further investigation.

title: @entity3219 and XXXX : transmission by renal homotransplantation.

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: Molecular mechanisms of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity15608 ( @entity15608 ) are unclear. We aimed at assessing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and @entity876 and @entity817 @entity8554 mutations in these lesions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 17 @entity957 and 16 @entity15608 were included, with additional 5 fresh @entity957 genotyped for @entity876 mutations. LOH was assessed by six polymorphic markers located at 9p22, 9q22, and 17p13 and correlated with cell proliferation (Ki-67) and @entity876 immunostaining. Direct sequencing of @entity876 exons 2-11 (fresh samples), and exons 5-9 (FFPE samples) was carried out. @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was genotyped in eight @entity957 . LOH occurred in at least one marker in 15/17 @entity957 and in 9/16 @entity15608 . The marker exhibiting the highest frequency of allelic loss (FAL) in @entity957 was D9S157 (8/12 informative cases) and D9S287 in @entity15608 (4/11 informative cases). Cell proliferation was not correlated with LOH or with the FAL and no correlation between @entity876 IHC and 17p LOH  was observed. We found @entity876 missense mutations in both lesions and nonsense in @entity957 , including CC>TT transition, which is a marker of UV damage. @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was not detected. LOH and @entity876 mutations detected in @entity957 and @entity15608 may be associated with tumorigenesis, whereas @entity817 @entity8554 mutation does not seem to significantly contribute to @entity957 pathogenesis.

title: Lip cancer and pre-cancerous lesions harbor XXXX mutations, exhibit allelic loss at 9p, 9q, and 17p, but no BRAFV600E mutations.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['LSCC', 'lip squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15608 :: ('MESH:C535669', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'actinic cheilitis']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-management strategies have the potential to support @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Telehealth interventions may have a role in delivering this support along with the opportunity to monitor symptoms and physiological variables. This paper reports findings from a six-month, clinical, cohort study of @entity1030 @entity1 ' use of a mobile telehealth based (mHealth) application and how individually determined alerts in @entity26 saturation levels, pulse rate and symptoms scores related to @entity1 self-initiated treatment for exacerbations. METHODS: The development of the mHealth intervention involved a @entity1 focus group and multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers and clinicians. Individual data thresholds to set alerts were determined, and the relationship to exacerbations, defined by the initiation of stand-by medications, was measured. The sample comprised 18 @entity1 (age range of 50-85 years) with varied levels of computer skills. RESULTS: @entity1 identified no difficulties in using the mHealth application and used all functions available. 40  % of exacerbations had an alert signal during the three days prior to a @entity1 starting medication. @entity1 were able to use the mHealth application to support self- management, including monitoring of clinical data. Within three months, 95  % of symptom reporting sessions were completed in less than 100  s. CONCLUSIONS: Home based, unassisted, daily use of the mHealth platform is feasible and acceptable to @entity1 with @entity1030 for reporting daily symptoms and medicine use, and to measure physiological variables such as pulse rate and @entity26 saturation. These findings provide evidence for integrating telehealth interventions with clinical care pathways to support self-management in @entity1030 .

title: Using a mobile health application to support self-management in XXXX : a six-month cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is sometimes difficult to choose anti-thrombotic agents for secondary prevention in @entity64 @entity1 at high bleeding risk. Recently, @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) was reported to reduce the recurrence of @entity64 in @entity753 @entity1 without increasing hemorrhagic risk. In this study, we investigated the features of recurrent @entity64 @entity1 during @entity8393 medication as secondary @entity64 prevention. METHODS: Following the approval of the ethical committee, @entity64 @entity1 in the outpatient clinic were consecutively screened and @entity1 who continuously take @entity8393 were enrolled in this study (n   =   71, average age 69.7 yo). Blood sample data was adopted from the latest visit or the admission at the @entity64 recurrence. According to the previous @entity64 history, all @entity1 were classified into the @entity64 ( @entity64 ) group (n   =   10) and the @entity385 , including asymptomatic @entity1188 , (IS) group (n   =   61). RESULT: Any @entity64 recurrence was not observed in the @entity64 group. Whereas, @entity385 was observed in 6 @entity1 in the IS group, although there was no @entity64 recurrence. Recurrent @entity64 @entity1 showed the higher serum level of @entity165 or the @entity8 . The @entity64 subtype of @entity1 were 2 @entity64 , 3 @entity1188 (two were compromised with @entity177 and one had insufficient amount of @entity8393 ) and one @entity1188 (who showed high @entity412 level). CONCLUSION: @entity64 was not occurred in our observation of @entity8393 prescribed @entity1 . The clinical features of recurrent @entity64 @entity1 were the existing complications of @entity2299 and @entity8 .

title: XXXX as long-term secondary prevention after @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosapentaenoic Acid']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'HS', 'embolic strokes', 'Hemorrhagic stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic infarctions', 'lacunar infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic stroke recurrence']

answer: @entity7784 :: (MESH:D015118,Chemical) :: ['Eicosapentaenoic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is sometimes difficult to choose anti-thrombotic agents for secondary prevention in @entity64 @entity1 at high bleeding risk. Recently, @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) was reported to reduce the recurrence of @entity64 in @entity753 @entity1 without increasing hemorrhagic risk. In this study, we investigated the features of recurrent @entity64 @entity1 during @entity8393 medication as secondary @entity64 prevention. METHODS: Following the approval of the ethical committee, @entity64 @entity1 in the outpatient clinic were consecutively screened and @entity1 who continuously take @entity8393 were enrolled in this study (n   =   71, average age 69.7 yo). Blood sample data was adopted from the latest visit or the admission at the @entity64 recurrence. According to the previous @entity64 history, all @entity1 were classified into the @entity64 ( @entity64 ) group (n   =   10) and the @entity385 , including asymptomatic @entity1188 , (IS) group (n   =   61). RESULT: Any @entity64 recurrence was not observed in the @entity64 group. Whereas, @entity385 was observed in 6 @entity1 in the IS group, although there was no @entity64 recurrence. Recurrent @entity64 @entity1 showed the higher serum level of @entity165 or the @entity8 . The @entity64 subtype of @entity1 were 2 @entity64 , 3 @entity1188 (two were compromised with @entity177 and one had insufficient amount of @entity8393 ) and one @entity1188 (who showed high @entity412 level). CONCLUSION: @entity64 was not occurred in our observation of @entity8393 prescribed @entity1 . The clinical features of recurrent @entity64 @entity1 were the existing complications of @entity2299 and @entity8 .

title: @entity7784 as long-term secondary prevention after XXXX .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several studies have claimed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from @entity1 tissues can @entity32 , the immunomodulatory mechanism of MSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effects and the underlying mechanism of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSC) on @entity32 compared with adipose tissue- derived stem cells (ASC) in a @entity19 model of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). METHODS: MSCs were isolated from @entity1 palatine tonsil (T-MSC) and the surface markers were analyzed. The effect of T-MSCs was evaluated in 24 BALB/c @entity19 that were randomly divided into four groups (negative control group, positive control group, T-MSC group, and ASC group). MSCs were administered intravenously to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized @entity19 (T-MSC and ASC groups) on days 18 to 23, and subsequent OVA challenge was conducted daily from days 24 to 28. Several parameters of @entity32 were assessed. RESULTS: T-MSC and ASC had similar characteristics in surface markers. Intravenous injection of T-MSC significantly @entity146 , eosinophil infiltration, serum total, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the nasal and systemic T-helper (Th) 2 cytokine profile. Further analysis revealed that nasal innate cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 25 and @entity26051 , and chemokines, such as @entity639 , @entity34493 , induction was suppressed in T-MSCs injected groups, which explained their underlying mechanism. In addition, the T-MSC group had more inhibition of @entity32 than did the ASC group, which might be attributed to the more proliferative activity of T-MSC. CONCLUSION: Administration of T-MSC effectively @entity146 and inflammatory parameters in the @entity19 model of @entity2023 . T-MSC treatment reduced Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE secretion from B cells. In addition, innate cytokine ( @entity18841 and @entity26051 ) expression and @entity639 messenger RNA expression was inhibited in the nasal mucosa, which is suggestive of the mechanism of @entity32 . Therefore, T-MSC treatment is potentially an alternative therapeutic modality in @entity2023 .

title: Immunomodulatory effect of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells in @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ameliorate allergic airway inflammation', 'allergic inflammation', 'reduced allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several studies have claimed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from @entity1 tissues can @entity32 , the immunomodulatory mechanism of MSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effects and the underlying mechanism of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSC) on @entity32 compared with adipose tissue- derived stem cells (ASC) in a @entity19 model of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). METHODS: MSCs were isolated from @entity1 palatine tonsil (T-MSC) and the surface markers were analyzed. The effect of T-MSCs was evaluated in 24 BALB/c @entity19 that were randomly divided into four groups (negative control group, positive control group, T-MSC group, and ASC group). MSCs were administered intravenously to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized @entity19 (T-MSC and ASC groups) on days 18 to 23, and subsequent OVA challenge was conducted daily from days 24 to 28. Several parameters of @entity32 were assessed. RESULTS: T-MSC and ASC had similar characteristics in surface markers. Intravenous injection of T-MSC significantly @entity146 , eosinophil infiltration, serum total, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the nasal and systemic T-helper (Th) 2 cytokine profile. Further analysis revealed that nasal innate cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 25 and @entity26051 , and chemokines, such as @entity639 , @entity34493 , induction was suppressed in T-MSCs injected groups, which explained their underlying mechanism. In addition, the T-MSC group had more inhibition of @entity32 than did the ASC group, which might be attributed to the more proliferative activity of T-MSC. CONCLUSION: Administration of T-MSC effectively @entity146 and inflammatory parameters in the @entity19 model of @entity2023 . T-MSC treatment reduced Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE secretion from B cells. In addition, innate cytokine ( @entity18841 and @entity26051 ) expression and @entity639 messenger RNA expression was inhibited in the nasal mucosa, which is suggestive of the mechanism of @entity32 . Therefore, T-MSC treatment is potentially an alternative therapeutic modality in @entity2023 .

title: Immunomodulatory effect of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX model of @entity2023 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To formulate f-MWNTs-cationic liposome hybrids for the simultaneous delivery of siPLK1 and @entity632 to @entity5 cells. METHOD: f-MWNTs-cationic liposome hybrids were prepared by the thin film hydration method where the lipid film was hydrated with 100   g/ml or 1  mg/ml of ox-MWNTs- @entity3655 (+) or MWNTs- @entity3655 (+) in 5% dextrose. siRNA complexation and protection ability was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. f-MWNTs and liposome interaction was evaluated using @entity20186 (NR) fluorescence spectroscopy. Cellular uptake in A549 cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Silencing of target proteins was determined by Luciferase and @entity98 assays. Sub-G1 analysis was performed to evaluate apoptosis following co-delivery of siPLK1 and @entity632 ( @entity3105 ). RESULTS: Zeta potential and siRNA complexation profile obtained for all hybrids were comparable to those achieved with cationic liposomes. ox-MWNTs- @entity3655 (+) showed greater extent of interaction with cationic liposomes compared to MWNTs- @entity3655 (+). ox-MWNTs- @entity3655 (+) was able to protect siRNA from nuclease-mediated degradation. Enhanced cellular uptake of both the carrier and loaded siRNA in A549 cell, were observed for this hybrid compared to the liposomal carrier. A synergistic pro-apoptotic effect was obtained when siPLK1 silencing was combined with @entity632 treatment for the hybrid:siRNA complexes compared to the lipoplexes, in A549 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: f-MWNTs-cationic liposome hybrid designed in this study can serve as a potential vehicle for the co-delivery of siRNA and cytotoxic drugs to @entity5 cells in vitro.

title: Cationic Liposome- Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids for Dual siPLK1 and XXXX Delivery In Vitro.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Serum total osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, may regulate @entity413 metabolism and influence the risk of developing adverse metabolic outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational evidence, to assess and quantify the associations of serum total osteocalcin with type 2 @entity6 and intermediate metabolic phenotypes [e.g., @entity209 ( @entity209 )]. Relevant studies were identified in a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant studies to May 2015. Mean differences and risk estimates (odds ratios or relative risks) with 95  % CIs were aggregated using random-effects models. Fifty-two observational (38 cross-sectional, eight cohort, five case-control, and one both cross-sectional and cohort) studies with data on 46,998 non-overlapping @entity1 were included. Baseline serum total osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in type 2 @entity6 compared with non-type 2 @entity6 and in @entity209 compared with non- @entity209 in pooled analysis of cross-sectional evidence. Pooled risk estimates (95  % CIs) for type 2 @entity6 in a comparison of extreme fourths of total osteocalcin levels were 0.23 (95  % CI 0.12, 0.46) and 0.89 (95  % CI 0.78, 1.01) for cross-sectional and cohort studies respectively. The corresponding estimate was 0.39 (0.27, 0.56) for @entity209 from cross-sectional evidence. In both cross-sectional and cohort studies, a unit increase in serum total osteocalcin levels was associated with a significant mean increase in HOMA-B and mean reduction in HbA1c; with significant mean reductions in fasting plasma @entity413 levels, HOMA-IR, and body mass index in only cross-sectional studies. Available evidence-mainly from cross-sectional studies, supports inverse associations of serum total osteocalcin with risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to establish whether serum total osteocalcin may be useful in the prevention of adverse metabolic outcomes such as type 2 @entity6 .

title: Association of serum total osteocalcin with type 2 XXXX and intermediate metabolic phenotypes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational evidence.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity13974 and repetitive, high-voltage spikes have been recorded in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of @entity35 weeks and months after fluid percussion injury (FPI), a model of @entity131 . These ECoG events, which have many similarities to @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) and @entity2048 , have been proposed to represent @entity6191 @entity410 characteristic of @entity32933 ( @entity32933 ). The present study quantified features of SWD episodes in @entity35 at different time points after moderate to severe FPI, and compared them with age-matched control @entity35 . Control and FPI-injured @entity35 at 1 year of age displayed large-amplitude and frequent SWD events at frontal and parietal recording sites. At 3-6 months, @entity11228 were shorter in duration and less frequent; extremely brief @entity11228 (i.e., "larval") were detected as early as 1 month. The onset of the @entity11228 was nearly always synchronous across electrodes and of larger amplitude in frontal regions. A sensory stimulus, such as a click, immediately and consistently stopped the occurrence of the @entity11228 . @entity11228 were consistently accompanied by @entity146 . All features of @entity11228 in control and experimental (FPI) @entity35 were indistinguishable. None of the FPI-treated @entity35 developed @entity6191 or convulsive @entity410 that could be distinguished electrographically or behaviorally from @entity11228 . Because @entity11228 have features similar to genetic @entity2048 , these results challenge the hypothesis that @entity11228 after FPI reflect @entity32933 .

title: Progressive, XXXX -Like, Spike-Wave Discharges Are Common in Both Injured and Uninjured @entity35 : Implications for the Fluid Percussion Injury Model of @entity32933 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral arrest']

entities_list: @entity11228 :: ('MESH:C535500', 'Disease') :: ['SWDs', 'spike-wave-discharges']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity13974 :: ('MESH:C537362', 'Disease') :: ['Variable-duration oscillations']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['nonconvulsive']

entities_list: @entity32933 :: ('MESH:D004834', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic epilepsy', 'PTE']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: @entity13974 and repetitive, high-voltage spikes have been recorded in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of @entity35 weeks and months after fluid percussion injury (FPI), a model of @entity131 . These ECoG events, which have many similarities to @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) and @entity2048 , have been proposed to represent @entity6191 @entity410 characteristic of @entity32933 ( @entity32933 ). The present study quantified features of SWD episodes in @entity35 at different time points after moderate to severe FPI, and compared them with age-matched control @entity35 . Control and FPI-injured @entity35 at 1 year of age displayed large-amplitude and frequent SWD events at frontal and parietal recording sites. At 3-6 months, @entity11228 were shorter in duration and less frequent; extremely brief @entity11228 (i.e., "larval") were detected as early as 1 month. The onset of the @entity11228 was nearly always synchronous across electrodes and of larger amplitude in frontal regions. A sensory stimulus, such as a click, immediately and consistently stopped the occurrence of the @entity11228 . @entity11228 were consistently accompanied by @entity146 . All features of @entity11228 in control and experimental (FPI) @entity35 were indistinguishable. None of the FPI-treated @entity35 developed @entity6191 or convulsive @entity410 that could be distinguished electrographically or behaviorally from @entity11228 . Because @entity11228 have features similar to genetic @entity2048 , these results challenge the hypothesis that @entity11228 after FPI reflect @entity32933 .

title: Progressive, @entity410 -Like, Spike-Wave Discharges Are Common in Both Injured and Uninjured @entity35 : Implications for the Fluid Percussion Injury Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity32933 :: (MESH:D004834,Disease) :: ['Post-Traumatic Epilepsy']


abstract: @entity13974 and repetitive, high-voltage spikes have been recorded in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of @entity35 weeks and months after fluid percussion injury (FPI), a model of @entity131 . These ECoG events, which have many similarities to @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) and @entity2048 , have been proposed to represent @entity6191 @entity410 characteristic of @entity32933 ( @entity32933 ). The present study quantified features of SWD episodes in @entity35 at different time points after moderate to severe FPI, and compared them with age-matched control @entity35 . Control and FPI-injured @entity35 at 1 year of age displayed large-amplitude and frequent SWD events at frontal and parietal recording sites. At 3-6 months, @entity11228 were shorter in duration and less frequent; extremely brief @entity11228 (i.e., "larval") were detected as early as 1 month. The onset of the @entity11228 was nearly always synchronous across electrodes and of larger amplitude in frontal regions. A sensory stimulus, such as a click, immediately and consistently stopped the occurrence of the @entity11228 . @entity11228 were consistently accompanied by @entity146 . All features of @entity11228 in control and experimental (FPI) @entity35 were indistinguishable. None of the FPI-treated @entity35 developed @entity6191 or convulsive @entity410 that could be distinguished electrographically or behaviorally from @entity11228 . Because @entity11228 have features similar to genetic @entity2048 , these results challenge the hypothesis that @entity11228 after FPI reflect @entity32933 .

title: Progressive, @entity410 -Like, Spike-Wave Discharges Are Common in Both Injured and Uninjured XXXX : Implications for the Fluid Percussion Injury Model of @entity32933 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To validate the physical and psychological effectiveness of cardiac pacing in pediatric @entity1 with breath-holding spells (BHS) and prolonged @entity1167 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records and clinical data of all the @entity1 with BHS who presented to our center in the period of 2001-2013 were reviewed. All @entity1 who received cardiac pacemaker implantation for prolonged @entity1167 during BHS were included. In addition, the parents were asked to fill out a standardized quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were identified. The mean onset of symptoms was 7 month (1-12 months) of age, documented @entity1167 was 12-21 seconds, and a permanent cardiac pacemaker device was implanted at a mean age of 23 months (8 months-3.9 years). No pacemaker related adverse events were recorded. Follow up showed immediate resolution from spells in four cases (4/7). Two @entity1 (2/7) showed significant reduction of frequency and severity of spells, with complete elimination of @entity909 ( @entity909 ). One @entity1 (1/7) with an additional @entity16 continued to have minor pallid BHS and eventually switched from pallid to cyanotic spells without further detection of @entity1168 or @entity1167 in holter examination. QOL questionnaire revealed significant reduction in subjective stress levels of @entity1 (P = 0.012) and parents (P = 0.007) after pacemaker implantation. CONCLUSION: Cardiac pacing using appropriate pacemaker settings seems effective in the prevention of @entity909 and reduction of the frequency of BHS. Our results imply a reduction of subjective stress levels of @entity1 and parents as well as an increased quality of everyday life. After all, randomized controlled trials of the influence of cardiac pacemaker implantation on subjective stress levels in @entity1 with BHS are needed.

title: Improved quality of life after treatment of prolonged XXXX during breath holding spells with a cardiac pacemaker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness', 'LOC']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['asystole']


abstract: Mean age of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 has been progressively increasing over the last decades and ageing of these @entity1 is becoming a real challenge in every day clinical practice. Unfortunately, international guidelines on @entity157 management do not address this problem exhaustively and do not provide any specific recommendation. We carried out a literature search in MEDLINE database for studies reporting on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of @entity157 in elderly @entity1 . Available data seem to indicate that in elderly @entity1 the outcome of @entity157 is mostly influenced by liver function and @entity5 stage rather than by age and the latter should not influence treatment allocation. Age is not a risk for resection and older @entity1 with resectable @entity157 and good liver function could gain benefit from surgery. Mild comorbidities do not seem a contraindication for surgery in aged @entity1 . Conversely, major resection in elderly, even when performed in experienced high-volume centres, should be avoided. Both percutaneous ablation and transarterial chemoembolization are not contraindicated in aged @entity1 and safety profile of these procedures is acceptable. @entity2857 is a viable option for advanced @entity157 in elderly provided that a careful evaluation of concomitant comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular ones, is taken into account. Available data seem to suggest that in either elderly and younger, treatment is a main predictor of outcome. Consequently, a nihilistic attitude of physicians towards under- or no-treatment of aged @entity1 should not be longer justified.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Management of hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For facial soft tissue augmentation or wound coverage using tissue-engineering technology, cultured fibroblasts have been most commonly used as key cells and their properties have been extensively studied. Clinical strategies based on @entity1 cultured fibroblasts, however, require Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the facilities and the procedures used and time-consuming culture. Adipose tissue-derived @entity455 ( @entity455 ) cells may be a reliable alternative to fibroblasts because they are easily harvested by liposuction and do not require culture or FDA approval. No quantitative standard governing their use has, however, been issued. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare matrix-forming abilities of @entity455 cells and fibroblasts. @entity1 dermal fibroblasts were obtained from the dermis of 10 healthy adults and cultured, and @entity455 cells were obtained from 10 @entity1 who underwent liposuction. Monolayer and suspension cell cultures were performed using both cell types for 3 days. Cell proliferations, collagen synthesis levels, and glycosaminoglycan levels were compared using a @entity2454 assay, a collagen type I @entity1473 -terminal propeptide enzyme immunoassay, and the Blyscan Dye method, respectively. Cell proliferation ratios (fibroblasts versus @entity455 cells) in monolayer and suspension cultures were 1:0.75 and 1:0.99, respectively; collagen synthesis ratios in monolayer and suspension cultures were 1:0.50 and 1:0.52, respectively; and glycosaminoglycan production ratios were 1:0.70 and 1:0.74, respectively. The results of this in vitro study indicate that @entity455 cells have 50-74% of the matrix-forming ability of fibroblasts.

title: Comparison of the Matrix Synthesizing Abilities of XXXX Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells and Fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['stromal vascular fraction', 'SVF']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anterior communicating artery (AcoA) @entity439 is the most common form of @entity438 . It occurs rarely together with other @entity1504 . Today, microsurgical techniques and endovascular methods are used in the treatment of these @entity439 . Endoscopic endonasal approach is a useful technique for midline lesions of the skull base and is underpinned with extensive experience. In this article, we present a 72-year-old female @entity1 who underwent endoscopic endonasal transplanum-transtubercular surgery for @entity1653 followed by clipping of the incidental AcoA @entity439 . After complete removal of a @entity1653 via an endoscopic endonasal approach, an anterior and superior projected saccular AcoA @entity439 in the gyrus rectus area was totally clipped successfully via pure endoscopic endonasal transplanum-transtubercular approach, without any damage to parent arteries. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital within a short period of time without any @entity260 . Endoscopic endonasal approach is a new paradigm in the treatment of @entity439 . Although this technique cannot be routinely used due to lack of experience, it is an effective and safe method in selected and anatomically appropriate cases. We believe that increased knowledge and experience will create successful results in this approach, and it can offer an alternative method for selected @entity439 cases.

title: Pure Endoscopic Endonasal Clipping of an Incidental Anterior Communicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningioma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Artery Aneurysm']


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity34441 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). @entity1281 and @entity34441 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity1281 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity34441 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity1338 , @entity1169 and @entity11848 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity1281 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity11848 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity1281 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity35 , @entity1281 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity2918 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity101 state.

title: Influence of @entity117 and XXXX on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity11848 :: ('MESH:D004078', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydralazine']

answer: @entity34441 :: (MESH:C040624,Chemical) :: ['BM 13177']


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity34441 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). @entity1281 and @entity34441 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity1281 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity34441 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity1338 , @entity1169 and @entity11848 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity1281 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity11848 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity1281 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity35 , @entity1281 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity2918 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity101 state.

title: Influence of XXXX and @entity34441 on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity34441 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). @entity1281 and @entity34441 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity1281 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity34441 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity1338 , @entity1169 and @entity11848 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity1281 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity11848 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity1281 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity35 , @entity1281 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity2918 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity101 state.

title: Influence of @entity117 and @entity34441 on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity34441 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). @entity1281 and @entity34441 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity1281 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity34441 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity1338 , @entity1169 and @entity11848 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity1281 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity11848 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity1281 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity35 , @entity1281 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity2918 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity101 state.

title: Influence of @entity117 and @entity34441 on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In the diagnosis of @entity1620 , it is generally accepted that respiratory function has to be absent, however, spinal reflexes can be preserved. We presented a @entity1 who showed a complex movements of upper limbs (Lazarus' sign) and respiratory like movement during the @entity386 test for the determination of @entity1620 . This 72-year old female admitted to our hospital in a semicomatous state due to severe @entity510 . Her conscious level suddenly deteriorated to deep @entity772 because of second @entity548 on the same day. She became @entity386 and no brain stem reflexes elicited. Three days later, electrophysiological examination revealed a flat recording of electroencephalography, absence of auditory evoked potentials and no response of blink reflex. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials obtained by median nerve stimulation showed the presence of @entity5300 and spinal N13-P 13 components originating from cervical dorsal horn, however, the scalp @entity4668 generated by cervico-medullary junction was absent. This @entity1 fulfilled all other criteria for @entity1620 . Four days after, an @entity386 test was performed. Spontaneous movements of both upper limbs were observed starting between 7 and 8 minutes after disconnecting the intubation tube from the ventilator. Both arms flexed at the elbow, abducted and elevated from the bed. Then, both hands were brought up to chest. Wrist and fingers were in a neutral position (Lazarus' sign). Simultaneously, shallow and irregular respiration like movements were recognized. These movements ceased immediately after connecting the respirator. These two types of movements were reproducible except for in the final test. Blood pressure gradually decreased, and @entity1167 occurred one hour after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Lazarus' sign and respiratory-like movement in a @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid and ventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain death']


abstract: In the diagnosis of @entity1620 , it is generally accepted that respiratory function has to be absent, however, spinal reflexes can be preserved. We presented a @entity1 who showed a complex movements of upper limbs (Lazarus' sign) and respiratory like movement during the @entity386 test for the determination of @entity1620 . This 72-year old female admitted to our hospital in a semicomatous state due to severe @entity510 . Her conscious level suddenly deteriorated to deep @entity772 because of second @entity548 on the same day. She became @entity386 and no brain stem reflexes elicited. Three days later, electrophysiological examination revealed a flat recording of electroencephalography, absence of auditory evoked potentials and no response of blink reflex. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials obtained by median nerve stimulation showed the presence of @entity5300 and spinal N13-P 13 components originating from cervical dorsal horn, however, the scalp @entity4668 generated by cervico-medullary junction was absent. This @entity1 fulfilled all other criteria for @entity1620 . Four days after, an @entity386 test was performed. Spontaneous movements of both upper limbs were observed starting between 7 and 8 minutes after disconnecting the intubation tube from the ventilator. Both arms flexed at the elbow, abducted and elevated from the bed. Then, both hands were brought up to chest. Wrist and fingers were in a neutral position (Lazarus' sign). Simultaneously, shallow and irregular respiration like movements were recognized. These movements ceased immediately after connecting the respirator. These two types of movements were reproducible except for in the final test. Blood pressure gradually decreased, and @entity1167 occurred one hour after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Lazarus' sign and respiratory-like movement in a XXXX with @entity1620 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergence of colonization and infection with @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE) has become a worldwide challenge. To investigate whether the increasing incidence of VRE isolation can be correlated with use of glycopeptides in the hospital setting, we conducted a hospital-wide two-year study in the university hospital of Vienna. METHODS: Within the period from January 2011 through December 2012 all @entity1 with isolation of invasive or non-invasive VRE were retrospectively included. Specialty-specific data concerning the consumption of @entity2176 and @entity11248 , @entity2887 and third generation @entity2886 in @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) from June 2010 through May 2012 were extracted from the hospital pharmacy computer system. To assess the relationship between the usage of those antibiotics and the incidence of VRE (VRE-rate per 10 000 @entity1 ) a Poisson regression was performed. FINDINGS: In the study period 266 @entity1 were colonized or infected with VRE. Specialty-specific VRE isolation was as follows: general surgical units (44 @entity1 ), bone marrow transplant unit (35 @entity1 ), general medical units (33 @entity1 ), cardiothoracic surgery (27 @entity1 ), nephrology (26 @entity1 ), haematooncology (22 @entity1 ), gastroenterology (17 @entity1 ), urology (17 @entity1 ), and the infectious diseases unit (11 @entity1 ). Hospital-wide consumption of glycopeptides was higher for @entity11248 than for @entity2176 (26 242 versus 8677 @entity2794 ). Specialty-specific VRE incidence significantly increased with the use of @entity48094 , @entity2887 or third generation @entity2886 (p   <   0.001). The results of the Poisson regression for @entity2176 (p   =   0.0018) and @entity11248 (p   <   0.0001) separately were both highly significant. Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated a strong correlation between the two variables (rho   =   0.8). CONCLUSION: Overall usage of glycopeptides, @entity2887 or third generation @entity2886 contributed to the emergence of VRE in the hospital setting.

title: Non-linear significant relationship between use of glycopeptides and isolation of XXXX -resistant Enterococcus species in a university hospital setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity48094 :: ('MESH:D006020', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopeptides']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['DDDs', 'defined daily doses']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a former publication the authors showed that low amounts of amorphous content (LOQ of 0.5%) in a hydrophobic model API ( @entity10924 ) can be measured with an individually adjusted one-step dynamic organic vapor sorption ( @entity6094 ). In this investigation the applicability is tested on various APIs which differ in @entity2421 (absorption of water). The vapor sorption method proved to be applicable in almost all cases. Moisture sorption isotherms were determined for all five investigated crystalline and amorphous APIs. However, it was necessary to select the parameters individually for each API. The used solvents (water, @entity1042 , @entity5723 and @entity1044 ) and the humidity-levels (0.05 p/p0 until 0.5 p/p0) were chosen carefully because otherwise the amorphous amounts switch to their crystalline counterparts and are not detectable. The production of fully amorphous samples (absence of crystalline material measured by DSC, mDSC and XRPD) was optimized over several trials. As successfully methods proved ball-milling, freeze-drying, spray-drying and/or quench cooling. In the next step these fully amorphous amounts were blended with crystalline starting material to calibration curves (Turbula blender, influence of electrostatic charge to homogeneity) for the calculation of amorphous content. In summary, the following presented methods were used to determine and quantify low amorphous amounts (between 1.5% and 17.0%) in jet-milled powders (grinding pressure of 8bar, 1-3 grinding cycles), respectively.

title: Applicability of the one-step XXXX method for the determination of amorphous amounts for further different hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.

entities_list: @entity10924 :: ('MESH:C120481', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciclesonide']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene chloride']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['lipophilicity (poor water solubility) and hygroscopicity']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

answer: @entity6094 :: (216614,Species) :: ['DVS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the combined effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and home-based occupational therapy on activities of daily living (ADL) and grip strength, in @entity1 with @entity73 following @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial with one-week follow-up. @entity1 received five consecutive days of occupational therapy at home, combined with either anodal (n   =   8) or sham (n   =   7) tDCS. The primary outcome was ADL performance, which was assessed with the Jebsen-Taylor test (JTT). RESULTS: Both groups improved JTT over time (p   <   0.01). The anodal group improved grip strength compared with the sham group from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.025). However, this difference was attenuated at one-week follow-up. There was a non-significant tendency for greater improvement in JTT in the anodal group compared with the sham group, from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.158). CONCLUSIONS: Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is a promising add-on intervention regarding training of @entity73 . It is well tolerated by @entity1 and can easily be applied for home-based training. Larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore possible effects of tDCS in @entity1 with @entity1779 . Implications for Rehabilitation Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is well tolerated by @entity1 and can easily be applied for home-based rehabilitation.

title: Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and home-based occupational therapy for @entity73 following XXXX : a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the combined effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and home-based occupational therapy on activities of daily living (ADL) and grip strength, in @entity1 with @entity73 following @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial with one-week follow-up. @entity1 received five consecutive days of occupational therapy at home, combined with either anodal (n   =   8) or sham (n   =   7) tDCS. The primary outcome was ADL performance, which was assessed with the Jebsen-Taylor test (JTT). RESULTS: Both groups improved JTT over time (p   <   0.01). The anodal group improved grip strength compared with the sham group from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.025). However, this difference was attenuated at one-week follow-up. There was a non-significant tendency for greater improvement in JTT in the anodal group compared with the sham group, from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.158). CONCLUSIONS: Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is a promising add-on intervention regarding training of @entity73 . It is well tolerated by @entity1 and can easily be applied for home-based training. Larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore possible effects of tDCS in @entity1 with @entity1779 . Implications for Rehabilitation Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is well tolerated by @entity1 and can easily be applied for home-based rehabilitation.

title: Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and home-based occupational therapy for XXXX following @entity1779 : a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['upper limb motor impairment']


abstract: @entity740 is a major contributor to @entity1 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity235 and @entity1 @entity234 ( @entity234 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity281 -mediated @entity631 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity8 . @entity13556 -infected @entity235 are a naturally occurring model of @entity234 -associated @entity631 . @entity631 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity1310 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity82 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity234 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity13556 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity234 @entity235 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity235 had increased glomerular @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity8 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity235 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity234 staging, @entity631 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity235 with clinical @entity234 and @entity177 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity8 during @entity234 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and XXXX -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during @entity13556 -associated @entity631 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['VL-associated renal disease', 'glomerular lesion', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13556 :: ('5671', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania infantum', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis', 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity4334 :: (D009711,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: @entity740 is a major contributor to @entity1 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity235 and @entity1 @entity234 ( @entity234 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity281 -mediated @entity631 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity8 . @entity13556 -infected @entity235 are a naturally occurring model of @entity234 -associated @entity631 . @entity631 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity1310 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity82 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity234 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity13556 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity234 @entity235 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity235 had increased glomerular @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity8 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity235 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity234 staging, @entity631 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity235 with clinical @entity234 and @entity177 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity8 during @entity234 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and @entity4334 -binding domain XXXX -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during @entity13556 -associated @entity631 .

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: @entity740 is a major contributor to @entity1 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity235 and @entity1 @entity234 ( @entity234 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity281 -mediated @entity631 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity8 . @entity13556 -infected @entity235 are a naturally occurring model of @entity234 -associated @entity631 . @entity631 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity1310 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity82 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity234 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity13556 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity234 @entity235 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity235 had increased glomerular @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity8 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity235 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity234 staging, @entity631 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity235 with clinical @entity234 and @entity177 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity8 during @entity234 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during XXXX -associated @entity631 .

answer: @entity13556 :: (5671,Species) :: ['Leishmania infantum']


abstract: @entity740 is a major contributor to @entity1 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity235 and @entity1 @entity234 ( @entity234 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity281 -mediated @entity631 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity8 . @entity13556 -infected @entity235 are a naturally occurring model of @entity234 -associated @entity631 . @entity631 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity1310 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity82 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity234 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity13556 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity234 @entity235 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity235 had increased glomerular @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity8 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity235 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity234 staging, @entity631 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity235 with clinical @entity234 and @entity177 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity8 during @entity234 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during @entity13556 -associated XXXX .

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify biomechanical and clinical parameters that influence knee flexion (KF) angle at initial contact (IC) and during single limb stance phase of gait in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) who walk with flexed-knee gait. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of gait kinematics and clinical data collected from 2010-2013. SETTING: Motion _ Gait Analysis Laboratory at Lucile Packard @entity1 's Hospital, Stanford, CA. @entity1 : Gait analysis data from @entity1 with @entity306 (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I-III) who had no prior surgery were analyzed. @entity1 exhibiting KF >= 20   at IC were included; the more-involved limb was analyzed. METHODS: Outcome measures were analyzed with respect to clinical findings, including passive range of motion, @entity1746 ( @entity2653 ), gait kinematics, and musculoskeletal models of muscle-tendon lengths during gait. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1613 ( @entity1613 ) and minimum KF during single-limb support (KFSLS) were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, and their data were analyzed (20 males and 14 females, mean age 10.1 years, range 5-20 years). Mean @entity1613 was 34.4    8.4 degrees and correlated with lower @entity2653 score (   = -0.530, P = .004), later peak KF during swing (   = 0.614, P < .001), and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.359, P = .037). Mean KFSLS was 18.7    14.9 and correlated to KF contracture (   = 0.605, P < .001) and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.572, P < .001) and medial gastrocnemius (   = -0.386, P = .024). GMFCS correlated more strongly to @entity1613 (   = 0.502, P = .002) than to KFSLS (   = 0.371, P = .031). Linear regression found that both the @entity2653 score (P = .001) and delayed timing of peak KF during swing (P = .001) independently predicted @entity1613 . KF contracture (P = .026) and maximal length of the semimembranosus (P = .043) independently predicted KFSLS. CONCLUSION: Correlates of @entity1613 differed from those for KFSLS and suggest that impaired selective motor control and later timing of swing-phase KF influence knee position at IC, whereas KF contracture and muscle lengths influence minimal KF in single-limb support, findings with important treatment implications.

title: Biomechanical and Clinical Correlates of Stance-Phase Knee Flexion in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['Selective Motor Control Assessment for the Lower Extremity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'spastic CP', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Spastic Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify biomechanical and clinical parameters that influence knee flexion (KF) angle at initial contact (IC) and during single limb stance phase of gait in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) who walk with flexed-knee gait. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of gait kinematics and clinical data collected from 2010-2013. SETTING: Motion _ Gait Analysis Laboratory at Lucile Packard @entity1 's Hospital, Stanford, CA. @entity1 : Gait analysis data from @entity1 with @entity306 (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I-III) who had no prior surgery were analyzed. @entity1 exhibiting KF >= 20   at IC were included; the more-involved limb was analyzed. METHODS: Outcome measures were analyzed with respect to clinical findings, including passive range of motion, @entity1746 ( @entity2653 ), gait kinematics, and musculoskeletal models of muscle-tendon lengths during gait. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1613 ( @entity1613 ) and minimum KF during single-limb support (KFSLS) were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, and their data were analyzed (20 males and 14 females, mean age 10.1 years, range 5-20 years). Mean @entity1613 was 34.4    8.4 degrees and correlated with lower @entity2653 score (   = -0.530, P = .004), later peak KF during swing (   = 0.614, P < .001), and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.359, P = .037). Mean KFSLS was 18.7    14.9 and correlated to KF contracture (   = 0.605, P < .001) and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.572, P < .001) and medial gastrocnemius (   = -0.386, P = .024). GMFCS correlated more strongly to @entity1613 (   = 0.502, P = .002) than to KFSLS (   = 0.371, P = .031). Linear regression found that both the @entity2653 score (P = .001) and delayed timing of peak KF during swing (P = .001) independently predicted @entity1613 . KF contracture (P = .026) and maximal length of the semimembranosus (P = .043) independently predicted KFSLS. CONCLUSION: Correlates of @entity1613 differed from those for KFSLS and suggest that impaired selective motor control and later timing of swing-phase KF influence knee position at IC, whereas KF contracture and muscle lengths influence minimal KF in single-limb support, findings with important treatment implications.

title: Biomechanical and Clinical Correlates of Stance-Phase Knee Flexion in XXXX With @entity306 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Persons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stunting affects 26.7% of @entity1 worldwide, and little is known about its effects on the outcomes of @entity55 . We evaluated the effect of stunting on the outcomes of @entity55 among @entity1 enrolled in two large clinical trials. METHODS: We analysed data from two WHO and USAID-sponsored inpatient treatment trials, the Severe Pneumonia Evaluation Antimicrobial Research study (n  =  958) and the @entity115 Penicillin Pneumonia International Study (n  =  1702), which enrolled @entity1 aged 2-59  months across 16 sites in LMICs. We assessed the effect of stunting (height-for-age Z score  <  -2) on treatment outcome and time to resolution of hypoxaemic @entity55 . RESULTS: Among 2542 (96%) @entity1 with valid data for height, 28% were stunted and 12.8% failed treatment by 5  days. The failure rate among stunted @entity1 was 16.0% vs. 11.5% among non-stunted @entity1 [unadjusted RR  =  1.24 (95% CI 1.08, 1.41); adjusted RR  =  1.28 (95% CI 1.10, 1.48)]. An inverse relationship was observed between height and failure rates, even among non-stunted @entity1 . Among 845 @entity1 with hypoxaemic @entity55 , stunting was associated with a lower probability of normalisation of respiratory rate [HR  =  0.63 (95% CI 0.52, 0.75)] and @entity26 saturation [HR  =  0.74 (95% CI 0.61, 0.89)]. CONCLUSIONS: Stunting increases the risk of treatment failure and is associated with a longer course of recovery in @entity1 with @entity55 . Strategies to decrease stunting may decrease the burden of adverse outcomes in @entity55 in low-resource settings.

title: Stunting is associated with poor outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['childhood pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['childhood pneumonia']


abstract: AIMS: Neointimal @entity1373 is a common feature of fibro-proliferative @entity455 and characterizes initial stages of @entity731 . Neointimal lesions mainly comprise smooth muscle-like cells. The presence of these lesions is related to local differences in shear stress. Neointimal cells may arise through migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells from the media. However, a role for the endothelium as a source of smooth muscle-like cells has largely been disregarded. Here, we investigated the role of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in neointimal @entity1373 and atherogenesis, and studied its modulation by shear stress. METHODS AND RESULTS: In @entity1 @entity731 plaques and porcine aortic tissues, myo-endothelial cells were identified, suggestive for EndMT. Flow disturbance by @entity2334 in @entity19 similarly showed the presence of myo-endothelial cells specifically in regions exposed to disturbed flow. While uniform laminar shear stress (LSS) was found to inhibit EndMT, endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow underwent EndMT, in vitro and in vivo, and showed atherogenic differentiation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies using a constitutive active mutant of @entity37775 and short hairpins targeting @entity6976 established a pivotal role for @entity6976 signalling in the inhibition of EndMT. CONCLUSION: Together, these data suggest that EndMT contributes to neointimal @entity1373 and induces atherogenic differentiation of endothelial cells. Importantly, we uncovered that EndMT is modulated by shear stress in an @entity6976 -dependent manner. These findings provide new insights in the role of adverse endothelial plasticity in @entity455 and identify a novel atheroprotective mechanism of uniform LSS, namely inhibition of EndMT.

title: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to fibro-proliferative XXXX and is modulated by fluid shear stress.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic-aortic constriction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A group of 63708 Bangladeshi adults from a rural area were screened in 2011-12 for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk using a questionnaire based tool developed as part of the 'WHO @entity65 -RISK Management Package for low-and medium resource setting'. In the current study @entity1 who were found to be high risk and a sample of the not high risk @entity1 from the screening were further characterized clinically and biochemically to explore the burden and determinants of @entity65 risk factors in a remote rural Bangladeshi population. METHODS: The high risk @entity1 comprised all 1170 subjects who screened positive in 2011-12 and the not high risk group comprised 563 randomly sampled @entity1 from the 62538 who screened negative. Socio-demographic, behavioral, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data ( @entity413 and lipids) were collected by standardized procedures. Body Mass Index (BMI) was classified following Asian BMI criteria. Data was analyzed using univariable and multivariable methods. RESULTS: On univariable analysis in high risk and not high risk @entity1 respectively, age in years ( @entity13309 ) was 50        11 for both groups, ratio of male: female was 40:60 and 66:44, current smoking 28.5  % and 50.6  %; smokeless @entity286 use 37.1  % and 34.8  %; overweight and @entity28 measured by body mass index (BMI) was 39.1  % and 20.5  %; high waist circumference (WC) 36.1  % and 11.9  %; high waist to hip ratio (WHR) 53.8  % and 26.3  %; and with high waist to height ratio (WHtR) 56.4  % and 28.4  %, existence of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) was 15.8  % and 3.6  %, pre- @entity101 43.8  % and 12.1  %, @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) 14.0  % and 10.5  %, pre- @entity3918 16.9  % and 12.1  % and dyslipidaemia 85.8  % and 89.5  %. In multivariable logistic regression analysis female sex, BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR, @entity101 and dyslipidaemia remain significantly more common among high risk @entity1 (p   <   0.05 and p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of clinical and biochemical risk factors of CVDs are quite high even in this rural population and this may be related to the socioeconomic and cultural transition in Bangladeshi society. Surprisingly more of the high risk group was female and there were fewer smokers. @entity28 and @entity101 were more frequent in high risk @entity1 .

title: Clinical and biochemical characterization of high risk and not high risk for XXXX adults in a population from peripheral region of Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Certain probiotic bacteria have been shown to reduce distension-dependent gut @entity158 , but the mechanisms involved remain obscure. Live luminal @entity6374 (DSM 17938) and its conditioned medium dose dependently reduced jejunal spinal nerve firing evoked by distension or @entity2951 , and 80% of this response was blocked by a specific @entity4412 channel antagonist or in @entity4412 knockout @entity19 . The specificity of DSM action on @entity4412 was further confirmed by its inhibition of @entity2951 -induced intracellular @entity460 increases in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Another @entity10263 with ability to reduce gut @entity158 did not modify this response. Prior feeding of @entity35 with @entity9854 inhibited the @entity1168 induced by @entity158 . These results offer a system for the screening of new and improved candidate bacteria that may be useful as novel therapeutic adjuncts in gut @entity158 . Certain bacteria exert visceral antinociceptive activity, but the mechanisms involved are not determined. @entity6374 DSM 17938 was examined since it may be antinociceptive in @entity1 . Since transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( @entity4412 ) channel activity may mediate nociceptive signals, we hypothesized that @entity4412 current is inhibited by DSM. We tested this by examining the effect of DSM on the firing frequency of spinal nerve fibres in @entity19 jejunal mesenteric nerve bundles following serosal application of @entity2951 . We also measured the effects of DSM on @entity2951 -evoked increase in intracellular @entity141 or ionic current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, we tested the in vivo antinociceptive effects of oral DSM on @entity356 in @entity35 . Live DSM reduced the response of @entity2951 - and distension-evoked firing of spinal nerve action potentials (238    27.5% vs. 129    17%). DSM also reduced the @entity2951 -evoked @entity4412 ionic current in DRG neuronal primary culture from 83    11% to 41    8% of the initial response to @entity2951 only. Another @entity10263 ( @entity10263 JB-1) with known visceral anti-nociceptive activity did not have these effects. DSM also inhibited @entity2951 -evoked @entity141 increase in DRG neurons; an increase in @entity141 fluorescence intensity ratio of 2.36    0.31 evoked by @entity2951 was reduced to 1.25    0.04. DSM releasable products (conditioned medium) mimicked DSM inhibition of @entity2951 -evoked excitability. The @entity4412 antagonist @entity71149 or the use of @entity4412 knock-out @entity19 revealed that @entity4412 channels mediate about 80% of the inhibitory effect of DSM on mesenteric nerve response to high intensity gut distension. Finally, feeding with DSM inhibited perception in @entity35 of @entity158 . Our results identify a specific target channel for a probiotic with potential therapeutic properties.

title: The @entity4412 channel in rodents is a major target for antinociceptive effect of the probiotic XXXX DSM 17938.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus', 'lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']

entities_list: @entity71149 :: ('MESH:C576177', 'Chemical') :: ['6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distension']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful gastric distension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity6374 :: (1598,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']


abstract: Certain probiotic bacteria have been shown to reduce distension-dependent gut @entity158 , but the mechanisms involved remain obscure. Live luminal @entity6374 (DSM 17938) and its conditioned medium dose dependently reduced jejunal spinal nerve firing evoked by distension or @entity2951 , and 80% of this response was blocked by a specific @entity4412 channel antagonist or in @entity4412 knockout @entity19 . The specificity of DSM action on @entity4412 was further confirmed by its inhibition of @entity2951 -induced intracellular @entity460 increases in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Another @entity10263 with ability to reduce gut @entity158 did not modify this response. Prior feeding of @entity35 with @entity9854 inhibited the @entity1168 induced by @entity158 . These results offer a system for the screening of new and improved candidate bacteria that may be useful as novel therapeutic adjuncts in gut @entity158 . Certain bacteria exert visceral antinociceptive activity, but the mechanisms involved are not determined. @entity6374 DSM 17938 was examined since it may be antinociceptive in @entity1 . Since transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( @entity4412 ) channel activity may mediate nociceptive signals, we hypothesized that @entity4412 current is inhibited by DSM. We tested this by examining the effect of DSM on the firing frequency of spinal nerve fibres in @entity19 jejunal mesenteric nerve bundles following serosal application of @entity2951 . We also measured the effects of DSM on @entity2951 -evoked increase in intracellular @entity141 or ionic current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, we tested the in vivo antinociceptive effects of oral DSM on @entity356 in @entity35 . Live DSM reduced the response of @entity2951 - and distension-evoked firing of spinal nerve action potentials (238    27.5% vs. 129    17%). DSM also reduced the @entity2951 -evoked @entity4412 ionic current in DRG neuronal primary culture from 83    11% to 41    8% of the initial response to @entity2951 only. Another @entity10263 ( @entity10263 JB-1) with known visceral anti-nociceptive activity did not have these effects. DSM also inhibited @entity2951 -evoked @entity141 increase in DRG neurons; an increase in @entity141 fluorescence intensity ratio of 2.36    0.31 evoked by @entity2951 was reduced to 1.25    0.04. DSM releasable products (conditioned medium) mimicked DSM inhibition of @entity2951 -evoked excitability. The @entity4412 antagonist @entity71149 or the use of @entity4412 knock-out @entity19 revealed that @entity4412 channels mediate about 80% of the inhibitory effect of DSM on mesenteric nerve response to high intensity gut distension. Finally, feeding with DSM inhibited perception in @entity35 of @entity158 . Our results identify a specific target channel for a probiotic with potential therapeutic properties.

title: The XXXX channel in rodents is a major target for antinociceptive effect of the probiotic @entity6374 DSM 17938.

answer: @entity4412 :: (193034(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TRPV1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modulatory descending pathways, originating at supraspinal sites that converge at dorsal horn neurons, influence @entity158 perception in @entity1 . Defects in descending @entity158 control are linked to @entity1118 states and its restoration may be a valuable analgesic tool. Conditioned @entity158 modulation (CPM) is a surrogate marker of descending inhibition that reduces the perception of @entity158 from a primary test stimulus during application of a conditioning stimulus. Here the effects of the analgesics @entity20708 , a combined mu-opioid receptor agonist and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, and @entity1286 , a strong mu-opioid receptor agonist, were tested on CPM in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 12 healthy @entity158 , to understand possible differences in mechanism of action between these opioids. METHODS AND RESULTS: On three occasions CPM responses were obtained 60-90 and 120-150 min following intake of @entity20708 (100 mg immediate release tablet), @entity1286 (40 mg immediate release tablet) or placebo. At both time points, CPM was detectable after treatment with placebo and @entity20708 (peak @entity158 ratings reduced by 20-30% after application of the conditioning stimulus) but not after @entity1286 . Compared to placebo @entity1286 displayed significantly less CPM: mean treatment difference 18.2% (95% CI 3.4 to 32.9%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 19.5% (95% CI 5.7 to 33.2%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.001). No difference in CPM between placebo and @entity20708 was detected: mean treatment difference 1.5% (95% CI -11.6 to 14.6%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 1.5% (95% CI -16.0 to 18.9%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that in volunteers @entity1286 affects CPM, while @entity20708 was without effect despite identical experimental conditions. These data confirm that @entity20708 's main mechanism of action is distinct from that of @entity1286 and likely related to the effect of adrenergic stimulation on descending controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register NTR2716.

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of XXXX and @entity1286 on Conditioned Pain Modulation in Healthy Volunteers.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-free volunteers']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity20708 :: ('MESH:C523979', 'Chemical') :: ['tapentadol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity20708 :: (MESH:C523979,Chemical) :: ['Tapentadol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modulatory descending pathways, originating at supraspinal sites that converge at dorsal horn neurons, influence @entity158 perception in @entity1 . Defects in descending @entity158 control are linked to @entity1118 states and its restoration may be a valuable analgesic tool. Conditioned @entity158 modulation (CPM) is a surrogate marker of descending inhibition that reduces the perception of @entity158 from a primary test stimulus during application of a conditioning stimulus. Here the effects of the analgesics @entity20708 , a combined mu-opioid receptor agonist and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, and @entity1286 , a strong mu-opioid receptor agonist, were tested on CPM in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 12 healthy @entity158 , to understand possible differences in mechanism of action between these opioids. METHODS AND RESULTS: On three occasions CPM responses were obtained 60-90 and 120-150 min following intake of @entity20708 (100 mg immediate release tablet), @entity1286 (40 mg immediate release tablet) or placebo. At both time points, CPM was detectable after treatment with placebo and @entity20708 (peak @entity158 ratings reduced by 20-30% after application of the conditioning stimulus) but not after @entity1286 . Compared to placebo @entity1286 displayed significantly less CPM: mean treatment difference 18.2% (95% CI 3.4 to 32.9%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 19.5% (95% CI 5.7 to 33.2%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.001). No difference in CPM between placebo and @entity20708 was detected: mean treatment difference 1.5% (95% CI -11.6 to 14.6%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 1.5% (95% CI -16.0 to 18.9%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that in volunteers @entity1286 affects CPM, while @entity20708 was without effect despite identical experimental conditions. These data confirm that @entity20708 's main mechanism of action is distinct from that of @entity1286 and likely related to the effect of adrenergic stimulation on descending controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register NTR2716.

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of @entity20708 and XXXX on Conditioned Pain Modulation in Healthy Volunteers.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3631 is a Gram-negative aerobic diplococcus, responsible for a variety of @entity7135 . The genome of @entity29600 is comprised of 2114 genes that are translated into 1953 proteins. The 698 genes (   35%) encode hypothetical proteins (HPs), because no experimental evidence of their biological functions are available. Analyses of these proteins are important to understand their functions in the metabolic networks and may lead to the discovery of novel drug targets against the @entity281 caused by @entity3631 . This study aimed at the identification and categorization of each HP present in the genome of @entity29600 using computational tools. Functions of 363 proteins were predicted with high accuracy among the annotated set of HPs investigated. The reliably predicted 363 HPs were further grouped into 41 different classes of proteins, based on their possible roles in cellular processes such as metabolism, transport, and replication. Our studies revealed that 22 HPs may be involved in the pathogenesis caused by this microorganism. The top two HPs with highest virulence scores were subjected to @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations to better understand their conformational behavior in a water environment. We also compared the @entity74 simulation results with other virulent proteins present in @entity3631 . This study broadens our understanding of the mechanistic pathways of pathogenesis, drug resistance, tolerance, and adaptability for host immune responses to @entity3631 .

title: Towards New Drug Targets? Function Prediction of Putative Proteins of XXXX and Their Virulence Characterization.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis', 'N. meningitidis']

answer: @entity29600 :: (122586,Species) :: ['Neisseria meningitidis MC58']


abstract: The relationship between the kidney and other organs is notable. The best known is the relation with the cardiovascular system. Relationships with other organs are less studied, although their involvement sometimes dominates the clinical picture and the outcome of disease. The paper analyzes the kidney-liver relationship, @entity740 and @entity409 from an immune viewpoint. The immune system operates as a unitary whole. There is an interdependence between the immune system of the liver, considered a lymphoid organ, and the kidney, whose participation in immune processes is well-known. The most important chronic @entity409 are @entity1956 and C. Infection with these viruses can lead to renal involvement, producing mainly @entity8 . At the same time, secondary @entity631 can cause an unfavorable outcome of the @entity66 . The relationship between @entity409 and @entity740 during chronic B and C @entity99 occurs via circulating immune complexes or complexes formed in situ. Cell-mediated immunity is also involved. The antiviral treatment of B and C @entity99 is also aimed at @entity8 . The participation of immune mechanisms raises the question of administering immunomodulating medication, a type of medication that influences viral replication--this is why it is associated with antiviral medication. Other two chronic @entity409 , namely liver @entity82 , in which the main mechanism is a toxic one, and @entity7936 can produce via immune mechanisms glomerular involvement. In its turn, @entity740 in advanced stages causes lipid metabolism disturbances with @entity2298 , which can influence fatty loading of the liver in the above-mentioned @entity409 . One can speak about a cross-talk between the liver and the kidney, in which immune mechanisms play an important role.

title: XXXX . An Immunologic Cross-talk.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular disease', 'secondary glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['namely chronic kidney disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease--Chronic Liver Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elucidating the microstructural responses of the @entity1091 disilicate system like the popular IPS e.max   CAD ( @entity6637 ), made specifically for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM), as a temperature-dependent system unravels new ways to enhance material properties and performance. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of various thermal processing on the crystallization kinetics, crystallite microstructure, and strength of @entity6637 . METHODS: The control group of the @entity6637 samples was heated using the standard manufacturer heating-schedule. Two experimental groups were tested: (1) an extended temperature range (750-840  C vs. 820-840  C) at the segment of 30  C/min heating rate, and (2) a protracted holding time (14min vs. 7min) at the isothermal temperature of 840  C. Five other groups of different heating schedules with lower-targeted temperatures were evaluated to investigate the microstructural changes. For each group, the crystalline phases and morphologies were measured by @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the activation energy of @entity6637 under non-isothermal conditions. A universal testing machine was used to measure 3-point flexural strength and @entity174 toughness, and elastic modulus and @entity3358 were measured by a nanoindenter. A one-way ANOVA/Tukey was performed per property (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: DSC, @entity11898 , and SEM revealed three distinct microstructures during @entity6637 crystallization. Significant differences were found between the control group, the two aforementioned experimental groups, and the five lower-targeted-temperature groups per property (p<0.05). The activation energy for @entity1091 disilicate growth was 667 (  29.0)kJ/mol. CONCLUSIONS: Groups with the extended temperature range (750-840  C) and protracted holding time (820-840  C H14) produced significantly higher elastic-modulus and @entity3358 properties than the control group but showed similar flexural-strength and @entity174 -toughness properties with the control group. In general, rapid growth of @entity1091 disilicates occurred only when maximum formation of @entity1091 metasilicates had ended.

title: Microstructural evolution and physical behavior of a XXXX disilicate glass-ceramic.

entities_list: @entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['XRD', 'X-ray diffraction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous literature demonstrates the interest of gait analysis to predict @entity73 in old @entity1 . AIMS: This pilot study aims to determine if gait speed or gait variability is a marker able to early identify, among @entity73 ( @entity73 ) subjects, those at risk to develop @entity195 (AD) in the future. METHODS: 13 @entity73 subjects were included in 2007. Their gait parameters (walking speed, stride length and gait frequency, regularity and symmetry) were measured in 2007 and 2008 in simple task (ST) and in dual task (DT) using a triaxial accelerometer (Locometrix(  )). Among the 13 @entity73 subjects included in 2007, 10 were assessed in 2008. So, 23 (13 in 2007  +  10 in 2008) gait tests were collected. In 2011, @entity73 @entity1 were considered as " @entity73 +" when they developed AD (between baseline and 2011) and as " @entity73 -" if they did not. Among the 23 gait tests, 15 were from @entity73 + (9 gait tests in 2007 and 6 in 2008) and 8 from @entity73 - (4 gait tests in 2007 and 4 gait tests in 2008). Mann-Whitney non-parametric U test was used to compare gait parameters of @entity73 + and @entity73 -. RESULTS: Gait speed, symmetry and regularity were lower in @entity73 + than in @entity73 -. DISCUSSION: Despite the small sample size, the results presented in this original pilot study are in line as the infrequent previous literature related to this topic. The authors discuss lacks and strengths of this work. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both gait speed and gait variability could be markers to early identify @entity73 at risk to develop AD.

title: Gait speed or gait variability, which one to use as a marker of risk to develop XXXX ? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']