abstract: UNASSIGNED: The relationship between @entity29189 , a member of the transforming acidic coiled-coil proteins (TACCs) family, and @entity2 remains unclear. The present study was designed to explore the prognostic and clinical significance of @entity29189 in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). An immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was performed to analyze the expression of @entity29189 in 195 @entity2 cases. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity29189 were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR or western blotting. The correlation between @entity29189 expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed by   2 analysis and Fisher's exact test. Kaplan  -Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine the correlation of prognostic outcomes with @entity29189 . The results showed that the levels of @entity29189 mRNA and total protein were higher in @entity2 lesions than paired non-cancerous tissues. IHC analysis revealed that @entity29189 was highly expressed in 94 (48.2%) cases. The expression of @entity29189 was strongly correlated with smoking status, histological classification, differentiation, @entity4166 fragment levels, T stage and the clinical stage of @entity1149  @entity1 . Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that @entity29189 is a useful biomarker for @entity1149 prognosis. The low @entity29189 expression group exhibited better progression-free survival (PFS) among  @entity1 who received anti-microtubule chemotherapy. In conclusion, the results showed that a high level of @entity29189 expression was correlated with advanced clinicopathological classifications, poor overall survival (OS) and poor recurrence  -free survival (RFS) in @entity1149  @entity1 . Our findings indicate that @entity29189 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for @entity1149 .

title: The clinical significance of transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Of the original Peutz-Jeghers families reported by Jeghers, the "Harrisburg Family" has now been followed for 49 yr. Their 12 affected family members comprise the largest Peutz-Jeghers kindred reported. The course of this family illustrates that @entity2838 is not a benign disease. One family member developed a @entity189 in a @entity4607 with adenomatous changes; this progression in the duodenum has not previously been reported. Ten @entity1 underwent 75 polypectomies. One @entity1 developed @entity5277 . Three @entity1 died in young adulthood. The development of @entity344 in 2 of 12 affected @entity1 suggests that @entity2838 may be a @entity558 . Consequently, even asymptomatic gastric, duodenal, and @entity1586 should be removed endoscopically. If surgical intervention is necessary, intraoperative endoscopy with polypectomy may prevent the development of a @entity5277 . Colonoscopic screening of @entity1 and their family members may be beneficial and surveillance for extraintestinal @entity5 appears to be warranted.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic survey of the "Harrisburg family" with a 49-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant condition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity2838 :: (MESH:D010580,Disease) :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with a primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) transformed into @entity981 ( @entity981 ) were treated with intensive chemotherapy. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in six @entity1 (24 per cent). In five of these six @entity1 two courses of chemotherapy were needed to achieve CR. In eight @entity1 chemotherapy cleared the bone marrow of blasts, but the @entity3894 was fatal. A partial effect on @entity236 was seen in four @entity1 and no effect in another six. Eleven @entity1 (44 per cent) died from the consequences of chemotherapy-induced @entity1503 . A short interval between @entity2590 and transformation into @entity981 was associated with a better chance of achieving complete remission. Age, karyotype, type of @entity2590 , peripheral blood or bone marrow findings had no influence on the result of chemotherapy. The median survival from start of treatment was 5 months (range 0.5-24 months). In the @entity1 who achieved a CR, the median duration of the remission was 7 months (range 3-12 months). The poor response rate, the short duration of the remissions and the high treatment-related mortality suggest that current intensive anti-leukemic chemotherapy in @entity981 after primary @entity2590 is of limited benefit.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for XXXX after primary @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ANL']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow blasts']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with a primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) transformed into @entity981 ( @entity981 ) were treated with intensive chemotherapy. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in six @entity1 (24 per cent). In five of these six @entity1 two courses of chemotherapy were needed to achieve CR. In eight @entity1 chemotherapy cleared the bone marrow of blasts, but the @entity3894 was fatal. A partial effect on @entity236 was seen in four @entity1 and no effect in another six. Eleven @entity1 (44 per cent) died from the consequences of chemotherapy-induced @entity1503 . A short interval between @entity2590 and transformation into @entity981 was associated with a better chance of achieving complete remission. Age, karyotype, type of @entity2590 , peripheral blood or bone marrow findings had no influence on the result of chemotherapy. The median survival from start of treatment was 5 months (range 0.5-24 months). In the @entity1 who achieved a CR, the median duration of the remission was 7 months (range 3-12 months). The poor response rate, the short duration of the remissions and the high treatment-related mortality suggest that current intensive anti-leukemic chemotherapy in @entity981 after primary @entity2590 is of limited benefit.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for @entity981 after primary XXXX .

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: @entity10056 is currently one of the most preferred microorganisms for recombinant enzyme production due to its efficient expression system. The advantages include the production of high amounts of recombinant proteins containing the appropriate posttranslational modifications and easy cultivation conditions. a-L-Rhamnosidase is a biotechnologically important enzyme in food and pharmaceutical industry, used for example in debittering of citrus fruit juices, rhamnose pruning from @entity16956 , or enhancement of wine aromas, creating a demand for the production of an active and stable enzyme. The production of recombinant a-L-rhamnosidase cloned in the Mut(S) strain of @entity10056 KM71H was optimized. The encoding gene is located under the control of the AOX promoter, which is induced by @entity1042 whose concentration is instrumental for these strain types. Fermentation was upscaled in bioreactors employing various media and several @entity1042 -feeding strategies. It was found that fed batch with BSM media was more effective compared to BMMH (Buffered @entity1042 -complex Medium) media due to lower cost and improved biomass formation. In BSM (Basal Salt Medium) medium, the dry cell weight reached approximately 60 g/L, while in BMMH it was only 8.3 g/L, without additional @entity653 , which positively influenced the amount of enzyme produced. New @entity1042 feeding strategy, based on the level of dissolved @entity26 was developed in this study. This protocol that is entirely independent on @entity1042 monitoring was up scaled to a 19.5-L fermenter with 10-L working volume with the productivity of 13.34 mgprot/L/h and specific activity of a-L-rhamnosidase of 82 U/mg. The simplified fermentation protocol was developed for easy and effective fermentation of @entity10056 Mut(S) based on dissolved @entity26 monitoring in the induction phase of an enzyme production.

title: Upscale of recombinant a-L-rhamnosidase production by XXXX Mut(S) strain.

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol', 'Methanol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: The retinal organization associated with the multiple optic papillae of the catfish @entity4576 was examined. In each retina from ten to 17 papillae form an @entity4616 (which is wider dorsoventrally than mediolaterally). The dorsalmost papilla in this ring lies at the center of the retina. In addition, up to seven small papillae lie within the ring. Bundles of fibers leave the @entity1274 . These bundles remain separate as they pass through the distal portions of the neural retina and then merge before passing through the choroid. Bundles running through @entity1829 receive fibers from a roughly wedge-shaped retinal area; bundles running through @entity4037 receive fibers from a small area of central retina and a disproportionately large area of peripheral retina. A band of high @entity4494 cell density was observed extending between the nasal and temporal poles of the retina. No correlation was found between the retinal areas contributing fibers to the bundles of axons emerging from individual papillae and the areas of high cell density. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the average area of the @entity2479 cells and the @entity4494 cell density. From HRP preparations and axon counts we estimate that each retina of 95-mm catfish contains about 50,000 @entity4494 cells.

title: Visual system of the XXXX ( @entity4576 ): II. The morphology associated with the multiple optic papillae and @entity2479 cell distribution.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal papillae']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural retina via the papillae']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral papillae']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: The retinal organization associated with the multiple optic papillae of the catfish @entity4576 was examined. In each retina from ten to 17 papillae form an @entity4616 (which is wider dorsoventrally than mediolaterally). The dorsalmost papilla in this ring lies at the center of the retina. In addition, up to seven small papillae lie within the ring. Bundles of fibers leave the @entity1274 . These bundles remain separate as they pass through the distal portions of the neural retina and then merge before passing through the choroid. Bundles running through @entity1829 receive fibers from a roughly wedge-shaped retinal area; bundles running through @entity4037 receive fibers from a small area of central retina and a disproportionately large area of peripheral retina. A band of high @entity4494 cell density was observed extending between the nasal and temporal poles of the retina. No correlation was found between the retinal areas contributing fibers to the bundles of axons emerging from individual papillae and the areas of high cell density. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the average area of the @entity2479 cells and the @entity4494 cell density. From HRP preparations and axon counts we estimate that each retina of 95-mm catfish contains about 50,000 @entity4494 cells.

title: Visual system of the @entity4576 ( XXXX ): II. The morphology associated with the multiple optic papillae and @entity2479 cell distribution.

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']


abstract: The retinal organization associated with the multiple optic papillae of the catfish @entity4576 was examined. In each retina from ten to 17 papillae form an @entity4616 (which is wider dorsoventrally than mediolaterally). The dorsalmost papilla in this ring lies at the center of the retina. In addition, up to seven small papillae lie within the ring. Bundles of fibers leave the @entity1274 . These bundles remain separate as they pass through the distal portions of the neural retina and then merge before passing through the choroid. Bundles running through @entity1829 receive fibers from a roughly wedge-shaped retinal area; bundles running through @entity4037 receive fibers from a small area of central retina and a disproportionately large area of peripheral retina. A band of high @entity4494 cell density was observed extending between the nasal and temporal poles of the retina. No correlation was found between the retinal areas contributing fibers to the bundles of axons emerging from individual papillae and the areas of high cell density. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the average area of the @entity2479 cells and the @entity4494 cell density. From HRP preparations and axon counts we estimate that each retina of 95-mm catfish contains about 50,000 @entity4494 cells.

title: Visual system of the @entity4576 ( @entity4576 ): II. The morphology associated with the multiple optic papillae and XXXX cell distribution.

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: Background. Given the technical difficulties, a limited number of works have been published on @entity11 surgery and risk factors for @entity5 recurrence (TR) are poorly documented. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine TR in adult @entity1 with initial diagnosis of insular @entity11 ( @entity11 ) that subsequently underwent second surgery. Methods. A consecutive series of 53 @entity1 with insular @entity11 was retrospectively reviewed; 23 @entity1 had two operations for TR. Results. At the time of second surgery, almost half of the @entity1 had experienced progression into high-grade @entity11 (HGGs). Univariate analysis showed that TR is influenced by the following: extent of resection (EOR) (P < 0.002),   VT2T1 value (P < 0.001), histological diagnosis of @entity3271 (P = 0.017), and mutation of @entity818 (P = 0.022). The multivariate analysis showed that EOR at first surgery was the independent predictor for TR (P < 0.001). Conclusions. In @entity1 with insular LGG the EOR at first surgery represents the major predictive factor for TR. At time of TR, more than 50% of cases had progressed in HGG, raising the question of the oncological management after the first surgery.

title: Second Surgery in Insular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['insular gliomas', 'Low-Grade Gliomas', 'LGGs', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Low-Grade Gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, the FDA guidelines regarding the eligibility of @entity1 with acute @entity385 to receive IV rt-PA have been modified and are not in complete accord with the latest AHA/ASA guidelines. The resultant differences may result in discrepancies in @entity1 selection for intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: Several comprehensive @entity64 centers in the state of Pennsylvania have undertaken a collaborative effort to clarify and unify our own recommendations regarding how to reconcile these different guidelines. RESULTS: @entity410 at onset of @entity64 , small previous strokes that are subacute or chronic, multilobar @entity1188 involving more than one third of the middle cerebral artery territory on CT scan, @entity4053 , minor or rapidly improving symptoms should not be considered as contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. It is recommended to follow the AHA/ASA guidelines regarding blood pressure management and @entity548 diathesis. @entity1 receiving @entity6236 inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors within the preceding 48h should be excluded from receiving IV rt-PA. CT angiography is effective in identifying candidates for endovascular therapy. Consultation with and/or transfer to a comprehensive @entity64 center should be an option where indicated. @entity1 should receive IV rt-PA up to 4.5h after the onset of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: The process of identifying @entity1 who will benefit the most from IV rt-PA is still evolving. Considering the rapidity with which @entity1 need to be evaluated and treated, it remains imperative that systems of care adopt protocols to quickly gather the necessary data and have access to expert consultation as necessary to facilitate best practices.

title: Pennsylvania comprehensive XXXX center collaborative: Statement on the recently updated IV rt-PA prescriber information for acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, the FDA guidelines regarding the eligibility of @entity1 with acute @entity385 to receive IV rt-PA have been modified and are not in complete accord with the latest AHA/ASA guidelines. The resultant differences may result in discrepancies in @entity1 selection for intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: Several comprehensive @entity64 centers in the state of Pennsylvania have undertaken a collaborative effort to clarify and unify our own recommendations regarding how to reconcile these different guidelines. RESULTS: @entity410 at onset of @entity64 , small previous strokes that are subacute or chronic, multilobar @entity1188 involving more than one third of the middle cerebral artery territory on CT scan, @entity4053 , minor or rapidly improving symptoms should not be considered as contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. It is recommended to follow the AHA/ASA guidelines regarding blood pressure management and @entity548 diathesis. @entity1 receiving @entity6236 inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors within the preceding 48h should be excluded from receiving IV rt-PA. CT angiography is effective in identifying candidates for endovascular therapy. Consultation with and/or transfer to a comprehensive @entity64 center should be an option where indicated. @entity1 should receive IV rt-PA up to 4.5h after the onset of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: The process of identifying @entity1 who will benefit the most from IV rt-PA is still evolving. Considering the rapidity with which @entity1 need to be evaluated and treated, it remains imperative that systems of care adopt protocols to quickly gather the necessary data and have access to expert consultation as necessary to facilitate best practices.

title: Pennsylvania comprehensive @entity64 center collaborative: Statement on the recently updated IV rt-PA prescriber information for acute XXXX .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Computed tomography scans at the level of L4/L5 were analysed in 66 @entity1 and 34 @entity1 who presented for routine tomography, stratified into different age categories. Areas of intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat were calculated from the scans. In @entity1 and in @entity1 the proportion of the body surface as intra-abdominal fat increased with age (in @entity1 from 12.4 per cent in the age group less than 40 years to 18.0 per cent in the age group greater than 65 years; in @entity1 from 10.5 per cent to 14.7 per cent in the respective age categories). Only in @entity1 this increase with age was independent of the degree of @entity28 . In @entity1 younger than 40 years the proportion of intra-abdominal fat did not increase with increasing BMI while it did in older @entity1 and @entity1 . The proportion of intra-abdominal fat in 7 adolescents appeared to be 5.4 per cent, considerably lower compared to adult @entity1 and @entity1 . Subcutaneous fat areas increased with the degree of @entity28 but not with age. From simple anthropometric measurements, the intra-abdominal fat area was best correlated with the waist circumference in all ages (except for @entity1 younger than 40 years) while it showed weaker associations with abdominal skinfolds and circumference ratios. Age and BMI explained 68 and 74 per cent of the variance in intra-abdominal fat area in @entity1 and @entity1 respectively. Waist added 8 per cent to the explained variance in @entity1 but nothing in @entity1 . BMI and waist circumference showed similar correlations to total, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat areas in all age categories whereas correlations of skinfolds with intra-abdominal fat areas decreased with age.

title: Abdominal fat depots measured with computed tomography: effects of degree of XXXX , sex, and age.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECT: Nonfunctioning @entity977 comprise approximately 30% of all @entity977 . The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the management of residual or recurrent nonfunctioning @entity977 . METHODS: A review was conducted of the data obtained in 42 @entity1 who underwent adjuvant GKS at the University of Pittsburgh between 1987 and 2001. Prior treatments included transsphenoidal resection, craniotomy and resection, or conventional radiotherapy. Endocrinological, ophthalmological, and radiological responses were evaluated. The duration of follow-up review varied from 6 to 102 months (mean 31.2 months). Fifteen @entity1 were observed for more than 40 months. The mean radiation dose to the @entity5 margin was 16 Gy. Conformal radiosurgery planning was used to restrict the dose to the optic nerve and chiasm. Tumor control after GKS was achieved in 100% of @entity1 with microadenomas and 97% of @entity1 with macroadenomas. Gamma knife radiosurgery was equally effective in controlling @entity652 with cavernous sinus invasion and suprasellar extension. No @entity1 developed a new @entity942 following GKS. One @entity1 's @entity5 enlarged with an associated decline in visual function. Another @entity1 experienced a deterioration of visual fields despite a decrease in @entity5 size. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery can achieve @entity5 control in virtually all residual or recurrent nonfunctioning @entity977 . Dose sparing facilitates @entity5 management even when the @entity652 is close to the optic apparatus or invades the cavernous sinus.

title: Radiosurgery for residual or recurrent nonfunctioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinological deficiency']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this paper is to report a unique complication of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ). The nature of this complication and its related factors are discussed. METHODS: Forty-one medically refractory @entity1 with @entity4254 were treated with GKS. All @entity1 received 80 Gy to the proximal trigeminal nerve root, using a 4-mm collimator and a single isocenter. Follow up consisted of three monthly outpatient sessions after GKS. Improvement, recurrence, complications, and changes in magnetic resonance imaging were recorded. To evaluate the factors behind the complications, a subgroup of 33 @entity1 was assessed in whom the follow-up duration was more than 9 months. The follow-up duration was 3 to 36 months (mean 13 months). The results were excellent in 20 @entity1 , good in 11, and fair in seven. No @entity1 had a poor result. Three @entity1 suffered recurrences. Seven @entity1 suffered complications 9 to 24 months after GKS. All seven @entity1 @entity1183 and @entity1183 was recorded. Three of them also complained of " @entity936 " with diminution or absence of corneal reflex but no other @entity854 and conjunctiva were found on ophthalmological examination. In these three @entity1 , @entity1183 of the first division of the trigeminal nerve area had been found before their " @entity936 " symptoms appeared. The irradiated volume on the brainstem was significantly related to this complication. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity936 seems to be a special form of @entity132 . An @entity1445 of radiation to the brainstem may play an important role in the manifestation of this complication.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX : the dry-eye complication.

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['complained of facial numbness', 'hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the cornea']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'dry eye symptom']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term treatment efficacy and morbidity of @entity1 who undergo gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for @entity976 . METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive Swedish @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively: 11 @entity1 (< or = 15 years) and 10 adults. The time from diagnosis to the most recent follow-up imaging study was 6.3 to 34.3 years (mean 18.2 years, median 16.8 years). @entity5 volumes and morbidity from GKS or other treatments were assessed at the time of the most recent imaging study or at the time of a subsequent new treatment. The observation period ranged from 0.5 to 29 years (mean 7.5 years, median 3.5 years). The prescription dose ranged from less than 3 Gy to 25 Gy. The mean @entity5 volume was 7.8 cm3 (range 0.4-33 cm3). There were 22 @entity5 in 21 @entity1 treated with GKS. Five of these @entity5 were reduced in size, three were unchanged, and 14 increased. @entity5 progression correlated with a low dose to the @entity5 margin. Eleven (85%) of 13 @entity5 that received a dose of less than 6 Gy to the margin increased in size, whereas only three (33%) of nine @entity5 that received 6 Gy increased. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). In five of six @entity1 @entity5 that became smaller after GKS there were no recurrences within a mean follow-up period of 12 years. Nine (82%) of 11 @entity5 in @entity1 ultimately increased after GKS, compared with five (50%) of 10 in adults. In eight @entity1 there was a deterioration of visual function. In all except one this could be related to a volume increase but radiation-induced damage could not be excluded as a factor in any of them. Four @entity1 developed @entity4611 . CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery is effective in controlling growth of @entity976 with a minimum dose of 6 Gy. The findings also suggest that other stereotactic techniques, such as cyst aspiration and intracystic treatment, are only of value in reducing @entity5 volume in preparation for safe GKS.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX : long-term results in the first Swedish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term treatment efficacy and morbidity of @entity1 who undergo gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for @entity976 . METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive Swedish @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively: 11 @entity1 (< or = 15 years) and 10 adults. The time from diagnosis to the most recent follow-up imaging study was 6.3 to 34.3 years (mean 18.2 years, median 16.8 years). @entity5 volumes and morbidity from GKS or other treatments were assessed at the time of the most recent imaging study or at the time of a subsequent new treatment. The observation period ranged from 0.5 to 29 years (mean 7.5 years, median 3.5 years). The prescription dose ranged from less than 3 Gy to 25 Gy. The mean @entity5 volume was 7.8 cm3 (range 0.4-33 cm3). There were 22 @entity5 in 21 @entity1 treated with GKS. Five of these @entity5 were reduced in size, three were unchanged, and 14 increased. @entity5 progression correlated with a low dose to the @entity5 margin. Eleven (85%) of 13 @entity5 that received a dose of less than 6 Gy to the margin increased in size, whereas only three (33%) of nine @entity5 that received 6 Gy increased. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). In five of six @entity1 @entity5 that became smaller after GKS there were no recurrences within a mean follow-up period of 12 years. Nine (82%) of 11 @entity5 in @entity1 ultimately increased after GKS, compared with five (50%) of 10 in adults. In eight @entity1 there was a deterioration of visual function. In all except one this could be related to a volume increase but radiation-induced damage could not be excluded as a factor in any of them. Four @entity1 developed @entity4611 . CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery is effective in controlling growth of @entity976 with a minimum dose of 6 Gy. The findings also suggest that other stereotactic techniques, such as cyst aspiration and intracystic treatment, are only of value in reducing @entity5 volume in preparation for safe GKS.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity976 : long-term results in the first Swedish XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We studied the effect of bone substitutes on revascularization and the restart of blood supply after sintered bone implantation in comparison with synthetic @entity692 implantation and fresh autogenous bone transplantation (control) in @entity35 parietal bones. Methods for the study included the microvascular corrosion cast method and immunohistochemical techniques were also used. The revascularization of the control group was the same as that for usual wound healing in the observations of the microvascular corrosion casts. The sintered bone implantation group was quite similar to that of the control group. In the synthetic @entity692 group, immature newly-formed blood vessels existed even on the 21st day after implantation and the physiological process of angiogenesis was interrupted. Immunohistochemically, @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ), which activates angiogenesis, appeared at the early stages of both the control group and the sintered bone implantation group. @entity6667 reduced parallel with the appearance of the @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), which obstructs angiogenesis, and the angiogenesis passed gradually into the mature stage. In the @entity692 implantation group, @entity1810 appeared at the early stage of the implants. The appearance of @entity6667 lagged and it existed around the pores of @entity692 even on the 21st day of the implantation. Proliferation and wandering of endothelial cells continued without any maturing of the vessels. These findings suggest that the structure and the components of the implant material affect angiogenesis after implantation as well as new bone formation.

title: Angiogenesis after sintered bone implantation in XXXX parietal bone.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor factor-beta-1', 'TGF-beta-1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Visual information is encoded at the photoreceptor synapse by modulation of the tonic release of @entity2227 from one or more electron-dense ribbons. This release is highest in the dark, when photoreceptors are depolarized, and decreases in grades when photoreceptors hyperpolarize with increasing light. Functional diversity between neurons postsynaptic at the synaptic ribbon arises in part from differential expression of both metabotropic (G-protein-gated) and ionotropic (ligand-gated) @entity2227 receptor. In the brain, different subunits also modulate the presynaptic active zone. In hippocampus, ionotropic @entity4176 receptors localize to the presynaptic membrane of glutamatergic axon terminals and facilitate depolarization of the synapse (e.g. Lauri et al., 2001). Such facilitation may be helpful in the retina, where consistent depolarization of the photoreceptor axon terminal is necessary to maintain @entity2227 release in the dark. We investigated whether such a mechanism could be present in primate retina by using electron microscopy to examine the localization of the @entity4176 subunits @entity2373 /7 at the rod axon terminal, where only a single ribbon synapse mediates @entity2227 release. We scored 54 rod axon terminals whose postsynaptic space contained one or more @entity2373 /7-labeled processes and traced these processes through serial sections to determine their identity. Of 68 labeled processes, 63% originated from narrow "fingers" of cytoplasm extending from the presynaptic axon terminal into the postsynaptic cleft. Each rod terminal typically inserts 4-6 presynaptic fingers, and we scored several instances where multiple fingers contained label. Such consistency suggests that each presynaptic finger expresses @entity2373 /7. The physiological properties of @entity4176 receptors and the geometry of the rod axon terminal suggest that presynaptic @entity2373 /7 could provide a steady inward current to maintain consistent depolarization of the rod synapse in the long intervals between photons in the dark.

title: Localization of XXXX receptors to the presynaptic active zone of the rod photoreceptor in primate retina.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The presence of @entity3 is a major prognostic factor in @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ). The relapse pattern of @entity1 with @entity5 has long indicated that cases with disseminated @entity2828 cells escape detection at diagnosis. @entity2828 cells are characterized by specific gene fusions that can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). @entity1 AND METHODS: RT-PCR targeting @entity12726 or EWS-ERG transcripts was used to search for @entity5 cells in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) at diagnosis in 172 @entity1 with @entity2828 , and the prognostic significance of this parameter was assessed. RESULTS: As we suggested previously in a smaller series of @entity1 , RT-PCR positivity of the BM was correlated with a high risk of adverse outcome in the overall study population (P =.007). More interestingly, among @entity1 with otherwise @entity5 , BM micrometastasis also predicted significantly poorer disease-free survival rates (P =.043). The presence of circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) was more frequently observed in @entity1 with large @entity5 (P =.006). CTC were associated with a poor outcome among @entity1 with clinically localized disease (P =.045). @entity1 with clinically localized disease and @entity1263 cells as evidenced by BM and/or PB RT-PCR positivity had @entity5 and experienced relapses at a systemic rather than at a local level. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with localized @entity2828 and BM micrometastasis or CTC are comparable to @entity1 with @entity3 in terms of the localization of the @entity5 , outcome, and relapse pattern.

title: Increased risk of systemic relapses associated with bone marrow micrometastasis and circulating XXXX cells in localized ewing @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'Ewing tumor']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral occult tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'occult tumor', 'primary tumor', 'localized tumors', 'axial or proximal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The presence of @entity3 is a major prognostic factor in @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ). The relapse pattern of @entity1 with @entity5 has long indicated that cases with disseminated @entity2828 cells escape detection at diagnosis. @entity2828 cells are characterized by specific gene fusions that can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). @entity1 AND METHODS: RT-PCR targeting @entity12726 or EWS-ERG transcripts was used to search for @entity5 cells in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) at diagnosis in 172 @entity1 with @entity2828 , and the prognostic significance of this parameter was assessed. RESULTS: As we suggested previously in a smaller series of @entity1 , RT-PCR positivity of the BM was correlated with a high risk of adverse outcome in the overall study population (P =.007). More interestingly, among @entity1 with otherwise @entity5 , BM micrometastasis also predicted significantly poorer disease-free survival rates (P =.043). The presence of circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) was more frequently observed in @entity1 with large @entity5 (P =.006). CTC were associated with a poor outcome among @entity1 with clinically localized disease (P =.045). @entity1 with clinically localized disease and @entity1263 cells as evidenced by BM and/or PB RT-PCR positivity had @entity5 and experienced relapses at a systemic rather than at a local level. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with localized @entity2828 and BM micrometastasis or CTC are comparable to @entity1 with @entity3 in terms of the localization of the @entity5 , outcome, and relapse pattern.

title: Increased risk of systemic relapses associated with bone marrow micrometastasis and circulating @entity5 cells in localized ewing XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that simple nasolacrimal duct (NLD) probing can be an effective primary surgery for congenital NLD obstruction regardless of age. The success of @entity384 after failed NLD probing suggests that maximally enlarging the passage through the NLD system may enhance the success of simple NLD probing. This study used sequential probing with modified, taper-tip probes to evaluate whether maximally enlarging the nasolacrimal duct can effectively treat @entity1448 in all age groups. METHODS: Under general anesthesia, each obstructed NLD system was sequentially probed with larger diameter NLD probes until firm resistance prevented the passage of any larger probe size. Successful treatment was defined as a negative dye-disappearance test 2 weeks after probing and the absence of tearing symptoms at last contact. RESULTS: A retrospective chart review identified 40 @entity1 ages 6 to 32 months (average, 17.7 months) who underwent the sequential probing procedure. Sequential NLD probing was successful in 66 (92%) of 72 eyes. Of the failures, both eyes in a 15-month-old @entity1 with @entity1467 had tight, @entity1157 . In the remaining 4 eyes, 2 had resolution of symptoms but partially positive dye-disappearance tests, and 2 underwent successful repeat sequential NLD probing. Subdividing by age, 27 (100%) of 27 obstructed NLD systems were treated successfully in @entity1 older than 18 months compared with 39 (87%) of 45 in younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Sequential NLD probing to maximally enlarge the NLD system has a high rate of success in all @entity1 . Age does not appear to have an impact on success of probing.

title: Dilation probing as primary treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous NLD systems']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['congenital NLD obstructions']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: There has been a renaissance in the surgical management of @entity191 . This has been due to long-term effects of levodopa and a better understanding of the basal ganglia and its circuitry. Ablative surgery and neurostimulation are the only realistic surgical options at present. Although surgical treatments, such as ablation and stimulation are effective, they are not useful for stopping the progression or restoring the system. Neural transplantation helps restore the system by using a number of techniques. Targets mostly used are in the thalamus, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. A number of factors must be considered including @entity1 's age, disability and his wishes. Globus pallidus stimulation might be preferable for @entity1 who suffer from @entity910 as a major source of disability. Pallidotomy might be appropriate in cases where frequent stimulator adjustments are impractical. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation is more suitable for @entity1 with significant off periods and in younger @entity1 in whom it may be desirable to maintain intact circuitry. Fetal neural transplantation, stem cell transplantation, xenotransplantation, adrenal medullary transplantation and transplantation of genetically engineered cells are at various stages of development and research. Ethical issues surrounding these process are likely to arouse strong emotions and have to be carefully considered.

title: Current surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A distinctive skin problem has been observed for the last 10 years that appeared on the neck of a young adult. This encouraged us to conduct this study, to evaluate its clinical and histopathological picture. METHOD: Thirty @entity1 were studied in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq during a one-year period from November 1998 through to November 1999. There were 29 males and a female, their ages ranged from 11-50 years (mean 25 years). @entity1 complained of @entity1910 on the back and sides of the neck, they were fully interrogated and examined and skin biopsy was carried out in 10 @entity1 . RESULTS: The study showed that this disease has well defined clinical pictures, which affect young males mainly and appeared in summer time. The @entity1910 was located mostly on the back of the neck; it had dark-red to red-violeceous, rounded to oval, single or multiple plaques. The @entity1910 was mainly asymptomatic a part from appearance. The histopathological picture has many similarities with that of @entity9338 , but with striking increased vascularity of the dermis. CONCLUSION: From the clinical and histopathological study, this skin problem deserve its own name @entity272 , which was induced by solar radiation and has many similarities with @entity9338 and could be confused with lichen simplex chronicus.

title: XXXX . A clinical and histopathological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['lichen planus actinicus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['lichenoid dermatosis']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['Lichenoid dermatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recurrence rate in @entity169 repair is the main concern of both the surgeon and @entity1 . The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome in @entity1 undergoing open @entity169 repair by using muscle fascial plication and nylon darn. METHODS: This technique was performed in 2 University hospitals within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, for a period of 23 years, October 1978 through to October 2001, on a total of 600 @entity1 . RESULTS: The total number of @entity1 was 654 these were all male. The same repair was performed in elective cases, in acute emergency and for both direct and indirect @entity169 . @entity1 suffering from chronic cough are referred to a pulmonologist for treatment before surgery. Follow-up was for a period of 10 years thereafter by phone communication. Fifty-four @entity1 were excluded from the study as they failed to attend for follow up after the 3rd year. Six hundred @entity1 underwent 619 repairs. Post operative @entity158 was controlled by @entity6882 in the first 24-hours, thereafter by @entity1443 tablets. @entity1 were advised to return to normal activity after 3/52. No heavy weight lifting before 3-4 months. Recurrence occurred in one case. CONCLUSION: Muscle fascial plication combined with nylon darn is a good operation for the repair of @entity169 .

title: Plication darn for the repair of XXXX . A university hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: Twenty-one Donryu male @entity35 of six weeks old were injected with @entity20132 ( @entity18399 ), once a week, for 4 to 20 weeks, and sacrificed at intervals of two weeks since a lapse of four weeks after the commencement of the injections. The DMH induced 320 atypia lesions, from 0.03 through 20 mm in size, of grade II or higher. The rate of benign lesions was higher in the group receiving less than 20 injections than in the group of 20 injections of DMH, while in the latter group, the rates of the benign, borderline and malignant lesions were stable, suggesting that benign lesions mainly develop in the earlier period of the DMH treatment, and thereafter various grades of lesions develop at a constant rate. All the benign lesions were less than 1 mm in size, and all lesions greater than 1 mm were malignant. In addition, the size of the lesion was significantly greater when it was occupied by malignant crypts in a greater rate. These results indicate that the benign lesions become cancerous before they reach a certain size ( @entity2513 sequence). Twenty-seven minute lesions (less than 1 mm) were mixed lesions of malignant and benign atypia, suggesting that the @entity2513 sequence is elicited in any size of lesion. On the other hand, there were 41 minute @entity5 , which constituted 27.7% of the overall minute lesions and included three "single crypt" @entity5 . In addition, @entity5 were smaller when compared to the malignant-dominant mixed lesions. These results indicate that about 30% of @entity694 develop de-novo.

title: The histogenesis of DMH-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignant-only lesions']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity20132 :: ('CHEBI:73759', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic carcinoma']


abstract: Twenty-one Donryu male @entity35 of six weeks old were injected with @entity20132 ( @entity18399 ), once a week, for 4 to 20 weeks, and sacrificed at intervals of two weeks since a lapse of four weeks after the commencement of the injections. The DMH induced 320 atypia lesions, from 0.03 through 20 mm in size, of grade II or higher. The rate of benign lesions was higher in the group receiving less than 20 injections than in the group of 20 injections of DMH, while in the latter group, the rates of the benign, borderline and malignant lesions were stable, suggesting that benign lesions mainly develop in the earlier period of the DMH treatment, and thereafter various grades of lesions develop at a constant rate. All the benign lesions were less than 1 mm in size, and all lesions greater than 1 mm were malignant. In addition, the size of the lesion was significantly greater when it was occupied by malignant crypts in a greater rate. These results indicate that the benign lesions become cancerous before they reach a certain size ( @entity2513 sequence). Twenty-seven minute lesions (less than 1 mm) were mixed lesions of malignant and benign atypia, suggesting that the @entity2513 sequence is elicited in any size of lesion. On the other hand, there were 41 minute @entity5 , which constituted 27.7% of the overall minute lesions and included three "single crypt" @entity5 . In addition, @entity5 were smaller when compared to the malignant-dominant mixed lesions. These results indicate that about 30% of @entity694 develop de-novo.

title: The histogenesis of DMH-induced @entity694 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: From 1957 to 1987 altogether 206 cases of tracheobronchial @entity5744 were diagnosed. Two third of the @entity1 were one or two years old. @entity1 prevailed with 57 per cent. 55 per cent of all foreign bodies were nuts. Only 10 per cent were radiopaque (screws, nails, needles or pieces of bones). The attempt to eliminate the foreign body via the bronchoscope was successful in 96 per cent and failed in seven cases. Six @entity1 had to undergo a thoracotomy. In one third of the cases the foreign body remained two weeks or longer in the bronchial tree. 66 @entity1 with such a "chronic" foreign body were later on examined by bronchography, which showed in 29 per cent severe deformations of the bronchial wall and in 14 per cent even bronchiectasis. An acute @entity5744 should always be considered and handled as an emergency.

title: [Acute XXXX as a respiratory emergency in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Boys', 'patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body aspiration']

answer: @entity5744 :: (MESH:D005547,Disease) :: ['foreign body aspiration']


abstract: A prospective randomized study in selected @entity1 with Stage IB and IIA @entity2622 was carried out at Washington University between January 1966 and December 1979. @entity1 were randomized to be treated with irradiation alone consisting of 1000 cGy whole pelvis, additional 4000 cGy to the parametria with a step wedge midline block, and two intracavitary insertions for 7500 mgh; or irradiation and surgery, consisting of 2000 cGy whole pelvis irradiation, one intracavitary insertion for 5000-6000 mgh followed 2 to 6 weeks later by a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. A total of 40 @entity1 with Stage IB and 16 with Stage IIA were randomized to be treated with irradiation alone. A similar group of 48 @entity1 with Stage IB and 14 with IIA were randomized to the preoperative radiation and surgery group. The 5-year, @entity5 -free actuarial survival for Stage IB @entity1 treated with radiation was 89% and with preoperative radiation and surgery 80%. In Stage IIA, the @entity5 -free actuarial 5-year survival was 56% for the irradiation alone group and 79% for the @entity1 treated with preoperative radiation and radical hysterectomy. In the @entity1 with Stage IB treated by irradiation alone only one pelvic failure combined with distant @entity3 occurred, and 3 @entity1 developed distant @entity3 . In the 48 @entity1 treated with combined therapy, there were six pelvic failures (12.5%) all combined with distant metastases and two distant metastases alone. In the 16 @entity1 with Stage IIA treated with radiotherapy alone, there were four pelvic failures (all parametrial), three of them combined with distant @entity3 . In the 14 @entity1 treated with irradiation and surgery, two developed a pelvic recurrence, and one distant @entity3 . In the preoperative radiation group, the incidence of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes was 6.3% in Stage IB and 7.1% in Stage IIA. Major complications of therapy in the @entity1 treated with radiation alone (10%) consisted of one @entity3622 , two @entity789 , and one rectal stricture. In the preoperative radiation group, three ureteral strictures and two severe @entity4272 were noted (8%). The present study shows no significant difference in therapeutic results or morbidity for invasive @entity2622 Stage IB or IIA treated with irradiation alone or combined with a radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy.

title: Randomized study of preoperative radiation and surgery or irradiation alone in the treatment of stage IB and IIA XXXX : final report.

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis-rectal strictures']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: The article deals with @entity1188 in the territory of the posterior cerebral arteries. For a better understanding of pathoanatomical and pathogenetical factors influencing @entity385 embryological, orthological and pathological data on the posterior cerebral artery and on its leptomeningeal anastomoses to other cerebral arteries were reported in the first two chapters. Chapter 3 includes a review of findings on the predilection sites for occlusions of the posterior cerebral artery, on the relative incidence and also on pathogenetical factors of @entity385 . The few papers especially dealing with the @entity385 in the @entity6852 were indicated likewise. Chapter 4 contains our own findings on 180 @entity1 with @entity385 , who were all examined with @entity6852 (the slices were done parallel to the fronto-occipital line); data on age, sex and hemispheric distribution of the sample and on combinations with other @entity385 were reported. 159 @entity385 (of 144 @entity1 including 15 with @entity1188 ) could be described "anatomically". As to the maximum @entity1188 areas referred to 8 defined slice levels, differences to the findings reported so far in the literature were observed; they comprise the (ventro-) lateral borders of the @entity1188 areas including the longitudinal fibre projections (e.g. the optic radiation), the cranial extension of the @entity385 and the splenial as well as thalamic lesions. The @entity385 were classified as uni-territorial, bi-territorial and subtotal subtypes. Among the uni-territorial @entity385 calcarine @entity1188 outweighed those in the territory of the posterior temporal (temporo-occipital) artery and of the parieto-occipital artery by a ratio of 2:1:1. The overlap areas of the uni-territorial @entity385 are shown in figures. The second, less frequent bi-territorial subtype is a combination of @entity1188 in the territories of the calcarine and the parieto-occipital arteries. The calcarine, the medio-basal and the subtotal subtype occurred in about 23% of the "anatomically" evaluated @entity385 . At length, thalamic and @entity1188 associated with any of the subtypes were observed in about a quarter of all @entity385 . As to the subtotal @entity385 additional thalamic and @entity1188 can be expected in about 40%.

title: [On the posterior XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral infarctions', 'infarctions', 'splenial infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarctions', 'posterior cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract with massive tissue @entity1712 may present a difficult diagnostic problem. In a series of 250 @entity344 drawn from the files of St Bartholomew's and St Mark's Hospitals there were 28 cases of a @entity706 with distinctive histological features, characterized by a massive tissue @entity1712 . Two of these @entity5 were present in the stomach and 26 in the small intestine. Eight of the latter were associated with @entity66 . On low power examination a zoning phenomenon was regularly seen and fissuring @entity1066 , with perforation and @entity292 formation, was a common finding. The @entity5 cells were large and pleomorphic with irregular nuclear morphology and prominent nucleoli. Eosinophils were the predominant inflammatory cell associated with the @entity706 but plasma cells, epithelioid histiocytes and small lymphocytes were also present. Vascular changes were prominent. Involved lymph nodes showed gross expansion of the paracortex by @entity5 . Immunohistochemical studies showed that this @entity706 was probably of T-cell origin.

title: XXXX with @entity1712 of the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Malignant lymphoma']


abstract: Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract with massive tissue @entity1712 may present a difficult diagnostic problem. In a series of 250 @entity344 drawn from the files of St Bartholomew's and St Mark's Hospitals there were 28 cases of a @entity706 with distinctive histological features, characterized by a massive tissue @entity1712 . Two of these @entity5 were present in the stomach and 26 in the small intestine. Eight of the latter were associated with @entity66 . On low power examination a zoning phenomenon was regularly seen and fissuring @entity1066 , with perforation and @entity292 formation, was a common finding. The @entity5 cells were large and pleomorphic with irregular nuclear morphology and prominent nucleoli. Eosinophils were the predominant inflammatory cell associated with the @entity706 but plasma cells, epithelioid histiocytes and small lymphocytes were also present. Vascular changes were prominent. Involved lymph nodes showed gross expansion of the paracortex by @entity5 . Immunohistochemical studies showed that this @entity706 was probably of T-cell origin.

title: @entity706 with XXXX of the gastrointestinal tract.

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: Adequate adrenocortical function is essential to survive @entity3124 . Most @entity3124 @entity1 display an elevated plasma @entity701 level, reflecting activation of the @entity774 , which is considered to be a homeostatic adaptation. In the setting of @entity3124 , the failure of an appropriate neuroendocrine response can lead to the picture of vasopressor-dependent refractory @entity551 . In randomised trials with @entity1 in @entity326 , a more rapid haemodynamic recovery was obtained with physiological doses of @entity701 than with placebo. The observed haemodynamic response following @entity701 administration supports the concept of relative @entity1887 . Causes of this relative @entity1887 are a dysfunction of the @entity2339 and/or @entity701 resistance. There is increasing evidence that @entity701 physiology and regulation are substantially altered in the course of @entity326 . Several controlled studies have shown that stress doses of @entity701 given in @entity1 with @entity326 reduce the time to shock reversal and decrease mortality. A multicenter large-scale trial (CORTICUS) is on the way investigating the benefit of stress doses of @entity701 on the mortality of @entity326 . In this review glucocorticoid physiology and regulation during @entity326 and the effects of hydrocortison administration in the course of @entity326 are being discussed.

title: [Corticosteroids in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: This paper describes the introduction of a @entity5 screening programme in the German Democratic Republic after conclusions were drawn from two pilot studies. The pilot studies were carried out to decide between two organizational structures: computerized monitoring, such as invitations to participate, versus full integration of the programme into the basic gynaecological health care system. Since similarly high attendance rates were obtained in the two systems, the recommendation for the GDR as a whole was to conform with the noncomputerized system. This programme has been implemented in Berlin, capital of the GDR, for ten years. Incidence decreased rapidly among @entity1 of all ages (33% lower than at the beginning) and for @entity1 aged 40-49 (58% lower). Mortality rates for @entity1 of all ages are now 37% lower, and for @entity1 of ages 50-59, 57% lower. A comparison of incidence in the screened and unscreened population shows that nonparticipants have a relative risk of 3.0 for developing the disease and of 11.3 for dying from the disease. In an analysis of the failures of screening, the cervical smears of 184 previously screened @entity5 cases were re-examined. In 48% no reason for failure was found. Possibilities for improving the results further, including a screening registry, are discussed.

title: Organization and results of XXXX screening in the German Democratic Republic.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Eight workers with clinically diagnosed or suspected occupational @entity566 caused by penicillins were studied by the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and by skin test. The majority of the workers handled @entity16393 , some of them had been in contact with @entity3397 and one worked with @entity68768 only. Six workers had @entity484 and 2 workers suffered from @entity2490 only. Lymphocytes from workers with @entity16393 -induced symptoms responded to this drug in vitro by an increased @entity665 incorporation and by lymphoblastogenesis. @entity16393 -specific @entity566 had been confirmed by positive patch test in 5 workers. Lymphocytes from @entity16393 - @entity56 workers did not respond to other penicillins such as @entity3397 or @entity68768 in vitro. However, such penicillins were antigenic in vitro since lymphocytes from an @entity68768 patch test positive worker proliferated on exposure to @entity68768 in vitro. The findings at the cellular level were further supported by the specificity of the skin test. Thus, @entity16393 patch test positive workers had a negative skin reaction to @entity3397 . In conclusion, these data suggest the role of @entity114 side chains in the sensitization process underlying occupational @entity566 to penicillins. LTT can be used as a tool for studying antigenic specificities involved in a sensitization process leading to penicillin @entity566 .

title: Side-chain-specific lymphocyte responses in workers with occupational XXXX induced by penicillins.

entities_list: @entity16393 :: ('MESH:C011674', 'Chemical') :: ['Bacampicillin', 'bacampicillin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity68768 :: ('MESH:C100243', 'Chemical') :: ['azidocillin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Levels of physical activity in @entity1643 @entity1 are relatively low due to their fear of provoking @entity158 . This may have a secondary impact on maintenance of bone mass. The objective of this study is to determine if @entity1 with @entity1643 are at a higher risk of @entity79 . DESIGN: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured in 25 @entity1643 @entity1 at the lumbar spine, hip and distal forearm. SETTING: A university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five @entity1643 @entity1 (mean age 45 years) enrolled on a residential back @entity158 rehabilitation programme. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (52%) were @entity6092 or @entity3604 in one or more sites. @entity79 at the lumbar spine was generally lower than the mean @entity79 of age-matched subjects (p = 0.04). There was no significant relationship between @entity79 and duration of @entity158 , disability, sex or previous surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1643 @entity1 have an increased incidence of @entity2331 and @entity170 . This finding reinforces the importance of motivating @entity1 to incorporate exercise into daily life. Given the limited set of subjects used in the present study, further studies are required.

title: Bone density in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'Chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'bone demineralization', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of lowering the cut point of the 2010 criteria to identify more @entity1 with @entity309 among early inflammatory @entity625 @entity1 . METHODS: We included early @entity625 @entity1 from the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort with at least one joint with clinical @entity603 and symptoms for <1 year, with no other explanation for their symptoms. The demographic and clinical characteristics of each @entity1 were recorded at baseline. @entity1 were classified as case or non-case at the 1-year follow-up by the definition used in the development of the 2010 criteria ( @entity6822 initiation). To assess the diagnostic performance of the 2010 criteria, the sensitivity and specificity at each cut point were determined. RESULTS: We included 557 @entity1 in our analysis. At the 1-year follow-up, 253 @entity1 (45%) were classified as case ( @entity6822 use). In the group of @entity1 who scored 0-5 points (n = 328), 98 @entity1 (30%) were classified as case ( @entity6822 use). The sensitivity and specificity of the 2010 criteria using the cut point of 6 were 61% and 76%, respectively. With the cut point of 5, the sensitivity would increase to 76% and the specificity would decrease to 68%. CONCLUSION: By lowering the cut point of the 2010 criteria from 6 to 5 points, we were able to identify 15% more @entity309 @entity1 at the cost of 8% more false-positive @entity1 .

title: Do we need to lower the cut point of the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for diagnosing XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: From October 1985 to February 1988, 41 @entity1 with @entity150 were treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and radiotherapy with simultaneous @entity900 chemotherapy at the University Hospital in Erlangen. Radiotherapy was performed as primary treatment in case of macroscopic @entity41 after TUR (n = 22) or as adjuvant treatment in @entity1 with macroscopically complete transurethral resection (n = 19). Age ranged from 44 to 77 years. Radiotherapy was given in daily fractions of 1.8 Gy. The pelvis was treated with a box up to 41.4 Gy and the bladder was boosted up to 50.4 Gy by a rotation technique. @entity900 was administered in the first and fifth treatment week on five consecutive days with 25 mg @entity900 /m2 per day as short infusion. Pathohistologic response was examined by control cystoscopy with biopsies from the deep layers 6 weeks after completing radiochemotherapy. Maximum follow-up is 24 months after control cystoscopy. After TUR plus radiochemotherapy, histologically confirmed complete remission rates according to T-stage were: 7/8 T1-, 26/31 T2-3-, and 2/2 T4- @entity5 . In @entity1 with macroscopic @entity5 prior to radiochemotherapy, histological and cytological complete remission was achieved in 2/ @entity54060 -, 14/18 T2-3-, and 1/1 T4-cancers with an overall complete response rate of 77%. In complete responders, 3 isolated local recurrences (2 T1- and one T3-recurrence) and two local recurrences with distant metastases have occurred until now. Six @entity1 had only partial response. Mild to moderate side effects occurred frequently, but overall treatment tolerance was good even in older @entity1 . Complications did not occur. So far, 7 cystectomies have been performed, 6 were a result of persistent or recurrent @entity5 and one a result of a @entity1494 after multiple TURs. Thirty-four of forty-one @entity1 (83%!) maintained their bladder and normal bladder function. In conclusion, moderate dose radiation therapy (50 Gy) in combination with simultaneous @entity900 chemotherapy is a well-tolerated treatment and highly effective for controlling @entity66 and preservation of bladder function in @entity150 .

title: Preliminary results of treatment of invasive @entity150 with radiotherapy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['contracted bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['invasive bladder cancers']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: From October 1985 to February 1988, 41 @entity1 with @entity150 were treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and radiotherapy with simultaneous @entity900 chemotherapy at the University Hospital in Erlangen. Radiotherapy was performed as primary treatment in case of macroscopic @entity41 after TUR (n = 22) or as adjuvant treatment in @entity1 with macroscopically complete transurethral resection (n = 19). Age ranged from 44 to 77 years. Radiotherapy was given in daily fractions of 1.8 Gy. The pelvis was treated with a box up to 41.4 Gy and the bladder was boosted up to 50.4 Gy by a rotation technique. @entity900 was administered in the first and fifth treatment week on five consecutive days with 25 mg @entity900 /m2 per day as short infusion. Pathohistologic response was examined by control cystoscopy with biopsies from the deep layers 6 weeks after completing radiochemotherapy. Maximum follow-up is 24 months after control cystoscopy. After TUR plus radiochemotherapy, histologically confirmed complete remission rates according to T-stage were: 7/8 T1-, 26/31 T2-3-, and 2/2 T4- @entity5 . In @entity1 with macroscopic @entity5 prior to radiochemotherapy, histological and cytological complete remission was achieved in 2/ @entity54060 -, 14/18 T2-3-, and 1/1 T4-cancers with an overall complete response rate of 77%. In complete responders, 3 isolated local recurrences (2 T1- and one T3-recurrence) and two local recurrences with distant metastases have occurred until now. Six @entity1 had only partial response. Mild to moderate side effects occurred frequently, but overall treatment tolerance was good even in older @entity1 . Complications did not occur. So far, 7 cystectomies have been performed, 6 were a result of persistent or recurrent @entity5 and one a result of a @entity1494 after multiple TURs. Thirty-four of forty-one @entity1 (83%!) maintained their bladder and normal bladder function. In conclusion, moderate dose radiation therapy (50 Gy) in combination with simultaneous @entity900 chemotherapy is a well-tolerated treatment and highly effective for controlling @entity66 and preservation of bladder function in @entity150 .

title: Preliminary results of treatment of invasive XXXX with radiotherapy and @entity900 .

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: @entity95 lens epithelial cells from newborn animals exhibited limited growth when cultured under standard conditions. Cell lines were generated when explants from individual lenses were cultured in medium supplemented with conditioned medium or untreated rabbit serum. All lines exhibited a stable epithelial morphology. One line, N/ @entity54206 , was examined extensively with respect to its growth, ploidy, and maintenance of lens-specific functions. Cells at population-doubling level (pdl) 120 exhibited a normal chromosomal banding pattern, were diploid, were non-tumorigenic in vivo, did not grow in suspension culture, and did not exhibit sustained growth in medium supplemented with low concentrations of serum. The shape of the growth curves and the final density for cells at pdl 24 and 181 exposed to various concentrations of serum were identical. The cells showed no diminution in growth as a function of in vitro age. The cells retained lens-specific functions. Proteins were isolated from cells at pdl 40 and 170, and were separated on @entity2975 gels. Western immunoblot analysis using antiserum to alpha-crystallin, a tissue-specific protein found in lens epithelial cells in vivo, indicated the presence of alpha-A- and alpha-B-crystallin polypeptides. The cells also contained the transcription factors required for activating the @entity19 @entity36809 gene promoter, which is known to function with precise tissue specificity. When an expression vector including the bacterial @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) gene controlled by the @entity36809 gene promoter was introduced into the lens epithelial cells, the CAT gene was expressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Retention of lens specificity in long-term cultures of diploid XXXX lens epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Four cases of @entity20426 diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are described and 105 cases of this @entity154 in adults in Japan were reviewed. Among 105 cases, @entity490 was the most frequent symptom. Concerning associated diseases, peptic @entity1066 was present in 24.8% and @entity788 in 13.3%. In case 1, duodenal @entity1066 and @entity45 were noted. Pancreatolithiasis was found in two cases (case 1 and 2). Case 4 presented the clinical features of acute @entity788 . Out of 105 cases, well-described 26 were divided into six types. The following results were obtained. 1) The most frequent type was that in which the annular duct arose from the duct of Wirsung. 2) The next most frequent type was that in which the main pancreatic duct encircled the duodenum. 3) The other types corresponded to those in which the annular duct arose from the duct of Santorini and the common bile duct. We emphasized that ERCP is the most important procedure to find the characteristic features and to establish the therapeutic strategy in cases of @entity20426 .

title: XXXX detected in adults, diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity20426 :: ('MESH:C536376', 'Disease') :: ['annular pancreas']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cyst']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity20426 :: (MESH:C536376,Disease) :: ['Annular pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested a theory of mind (ToM) @entity161 . However, the role of interfering variables such as IQ, attention, memory, and severity of the disorder has remained ambiguous. METHODS: A theory of mind picture story comprising a sequencing task, a first and a second order false belief test, and a tactical deception test was given to a group of 23 @entity1 with @entity23440 and to 12 healthy control @entity1 . In addition, a nonsocial picture story had to be sequenced. Severity of the psychopathology was measured by using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), IQ was estimated using the 'Mehrfachwahlwortschatztest' (MWT, multiple choice verbal comprehension test). RESULTS: The @entity161 group was impaired relative to controls on the theory of mind task, but not on the sequencing task of the nonsocial picture story. However, when controlled for IQ, no such difference was found. These findings were neither related to severity, duration, nor age at onset of the disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Theory of mind deficits in @entity161 may be related to domain general impairments, e.g., intelligence and working memory load, rather than reflecting a 'genuine' compromised mental state attribution similar to @entity2438 . @entity161 @entity1 may, however, rather be impaired in how and when to apply strategic social reasoning. Further studies to investigate the nature of @entity6100 in @entity161 are warranted.

title: Theory of mind and the role of IQ in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['social deficiency']

entities_list: @entity23440 :: ('MESH:D012562', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disorganized schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic', 'deficit in schizophrenic disorders']

answer: @entity23440 :: (MESH:D012562,Disease) :: ['chronic disorganized schizophrenia']


abstract: A 20-year-old female, who was one of identical twins, was transferred from an another hospital for further therapy of a right @entity703 . There was no history of @entity811 , @entity812 . Routine laboratory studies were within the normal range. On excretory urogram, the @entity5 , 7 x 9 cm in diameter, was demonstrated in lower pole of the right kidney. A selective renal arteriography revealed that the central area of the @entity5 was rather hypovascular, but, some @entity2295 was seen in the peripheral area. Pedal lymphography, chest X-ray and bone survey showed normal findings. A right nephrectomy was carried out. Grossly, the @entity5 in the lower pole of the kidney was well demarcated by a pseudocapsule and had massive @entity39 areas. Pathological sections revealed a granular cell @entity1358 . No extension into the peripheric fat was present. The @entity1 remains well and free of recurrent @entity5 one year post-operatively. We discussed the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity1358 in young adults in the literature.

title: [ XXXX in a 20-year-old female].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the right kidney']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the kidney']


abstract: Because of its high incidence in many of the most populous countries in the world, its often fulminant course, poor response to conservative treatment, low resectabilty rate when symptomatic, high recurrence rate after resection and liver transplantation, and grave prognosis, @entity157 is now regarded as one of the major @entity5 . @entity157 is the most common primary @entity96 . Relative to other @entity5 , it ranks fifth in overall frequency (fifth in @entity1 and eighth in @entity1 ) and fourth in annual mortality rate. An estimated 372,000 new cases of @entity157 are diagnosed each year, constituting 4.6% of all new @entity1 @entity5 (6.3% in @entity1 ; 2.7% in @entity1 ). The annual mortality rate from the @entity5 is virtually the same as its annual incidence. The highest incidences occur in eastern and southeastern Asia, some of the Western Pacific islands, and sub-Saharan Africa. Intermediate incidences are found in eastern and southern Europe, the Caribbean, Central America, and Western Asia. @entity157 is uncommon in the remaining countries. @entity1 are affected more often than are @entity1 . The incidence generally increases with increasing age, although there is a definite shift towards a younger age distribution in black African and ethnic Chinese populations.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumour of the liver']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: In two case-control studies conducted in the six-county San Francisco Bay Area, 111 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 in 1974-1977 and 188 @entity1 diagnosed in 1983-1985 were interviewed concerning their menstrual, sexual, and reproductive histories. For comparison, interviews were conducted with 752 control @entity1 admitted to the same hospitals within six months of the cases; for cases diagnosed in the later period, interviews were also conducted with an additional 259 population-based controls selected by random digit dialing. Controls were matched to cases by age and race. Qualitative and quantitative findings were similar for the two studies. In the combined data, cases were more likely than their matched controls to have been nulliparous, to have undergone menarche at an early age, and to have refrained from using oral contraceptives. Menopause occurred slightly later for cases than for controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. Neither age at first term pregnancy (20 or more weeks gestation) nor number of term pregnancies was predictive of @entity43 risk. The protection afforded by oral contraceptive use was independent of parity, and it increased with increasing duration of use. There were no trends in risk with time since last oral contraceptive use or with time since first use, after adjustment for duration of use. These observations suggest that oral contraceptive use decreases risk for @entity43 , rather than merely indicates fertility, which may itself decrease risk of developing the disease. The authors combined reproductive characteristics and oral contraceptive use to estimate a @entity1 's total duration of ovulation, which was positively associated with @entity43 risk (p less than 0.001 for trend). These observations support the concept that the greater the duration of ovulation or accompanying endocrinologic phenomena, the greater a @entity1 's risk for @entity43 .

title: Personal and environmental characteristics related to XXXX . I. Reproductive and menstrual events and oral contraceptive use.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between baseline radiographic severity of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and the importance of long-term joint space narrowing. DESIGN: Sub-analysis from a three-year randomized, placebo-controlled, prospective study, of 212 @entity1 with knee @entity571 , recruited in an osteoarthritic outpatient clinic and having been part of a study evaluating the effect of @entity4823 on symptom and structure modification in knee @entity571 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Measurements of mean joint space width (JSW), assessed by a computer-assisted method, were performed at baseline and after 3 years, on weightbearing anteroposterior knee radiographs. RESULTS: In the placebo group, baseline JSW was significantly and negatively correlated with the joint space narrowing observed after 3 years (r=-0.34, P=0.003). In the lowest quartile of baseline mean JSW (<4.5mm), the JSW increased after 3 years by (mean (S.D.)) 3.8% (23.8) in the placebo group and 6.2% (17.5) in the @entity4823 group. The difference between the two groups in these @entity1 with the most severe @entity571 at baseline was not statistically significant (P=0.70). In the highest quartile of baseline mean JSW (>6.2mm), a joint space narrowing of 14.9% (17.9) occurred in the placebo group after 3 years while @entity1 from the @entity4823 group only experienced a narrowing of 6.0% (15.1). @entity1 with the most severe @entity571 at baseline had a RR of 0.42 (0.17-1.01) to experience a 0.5mm joint space narrowing over 3 years, compared to those with the less affected joint. In @entity1 with mild @entity571 , i.e. in the highest quartile of baseline mean JSW, @entity4823 use was associated with a trend (P=0.10) towards a significant reduction in joint space narrowing. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity1 with the less severe radiographic knee @entity571 will experience, over 3 years, the most dramatic disease progression in terms of joint space narrowing. Such @entity1 may be particularly responsive to structure-modifying drugs.

title: Correlation between radiographic severity of @entity626 and future disease progression. Results from a 3-year prospective, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine sulfate']

answer: @entity4823 :: (MESH:D005944,Chemical) :: ['glucosamine sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between baseline radiographic severity of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and the importance of long-term joint space narrowing. DESIGN: Sub-analysis from a three-year randomized, placebo-controlled, prospective study, of 212 @entity1 with knee @entity571 , recruited in an osteoarthritic outpatient clinic and having been part of a study evaluating the effect of @entity4823 on symptom and structure modification in knee @entity571 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Measurements of mean joint space width (JSW), assessed by a computer-assisted method, were performed at baseline and after 3 years, on weightbearing anteroposterior knee radiographs. RESULTS: In the placebo group, baseline JSW was significantly and negatively correlated with the joint space narrowing observed after 3 years (r=-0.34, P=0.003). In the lowest quartile of baseline mean JSW (<4.5mm), the JSW increased after 3 years by (mean (S.D.)) 3.8% (23.8) in the placebo group and 6.2% (17.5) in the @entity4823 group. The difference between the two groups in these @entity1 with the most severe @entity571 at baseline was not statistically significant (P=0.70). In the highest quartile of baseline mean JSW (>6.2mm), a joint space narrowing of 14.9% (17.9) occurred in the placebo group after 3 years while @entity1 from the @entity4823 group only experienced a narrowing of 6.0% (15.1). @entity1 with the most severe @entity571 at baseline had a RR of 0.42 (0.17-1.01) to experience a 0.5mm joint space narrowing over 3 years, compared to those with the less affected joint. In @entity1 with mild @entity571 , i.e. in the highest quartile of baseline mean JSW, @entity4823 use was associated with a trend (P=0.10) towards a significant reduction in joint space narrowing. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity1 with the less severe radiographic knee @entity571 will experience, over 3 years, the most dramatic disease progression in terms of joint space narrowing. Such @entity1 may be particularly responsive to structure-modifying drugs.

title: Correlation between radiographic severity of XXXX and future disease progression. Results from a 3-year prospective, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of @entity4823 .

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The alpha-EEG @entity25 has been associated with chronic @entity158 . Although controversial, the @entity154 is believed by some to be an important biologic correlate of certain otherwise poorly explained painful conditions (e.g., @entity239 and @entity5815 ). To shed further light on this phenomenon, this study compared the sleep and psychological characteristics of @entity1118 @entity1 who exhibited the alpha-EEG @entity25 with @entity158 -free @entity146 and medical @entity1 who also were found to exhibit the alpha-EEG @entity154 . METHODS: The alpha-EEG sleep was identified in the polysomnographic records of 5% of over 1000 consecutive sleep @entity1 . Objective sleep parameters, @entity25 and psychological characteristics (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI] scores) of @entity1 exhibiting this @entity154 were examined. RESULTS: The alpha-EEG @entity154 was identified in only 5% of the total @entity1 sample. @entity1 with the alpha-EEG @entity154 could be further classified into three diagnostic subgroups: @entity1118 , @entity146 and other @entity25 , The subgroups were compared on sleep parameters and psychological characteristics. Less than 40% of the @entity1 exhibiting the alpha-EEG @entity154 experienced @entity1118 . @entity1118 @entity1 evidenced disturbed sleep patterns and psychological characteristics that were for the most part similar to those observed in some @entity158 -free medical and @entity146 @entity1 . Only the medical subgroup exhibited objective @entity25 . The alpha-EEG sleep disturbance was not accounted for by psychological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the notion that alpha-EEG sleep is of direct etiological significance in producing the @entity158 complaint among @entity1 with @entity1118 since the alpha-EEG sleep was not a sufficient condition for @entity158 .

title: Sleep and XXXX : challenges to the alpha-EEG sleep pattern as a @entity158 specific @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'benign pain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep anomaly', 'daytime sleepiness', 'medical/sleep disorders']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The alpha-EEG @entity25 has been associated with chronic @entity158 . Although controversial, the @entity154 is believed by some to be an important biologic correlate of certain otherwise poorly explained painful conditions (e.g., @entity239 and @entity5815 ). To shed further light on this phenomenon, this study compared the sleep and psychological characteristics of @entity1118 @entity1 who exhibited the alpha-EEG @entity25 with @entity158 -free @entity146 and medical @entity1 who also were found to exhibit the alpha-EEG @entity154 . METHODS: The alpha-EEG sleep was identified in the polysomnographic records of 5% of over 1000 consecutive sleep @entity1 . Objective sleep parameters, @entity25 and psychological characteristics (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI] scores) of @entity1 exhibiting this @entity154 were examined. RESULTS: The alpha-EEG @entity154 was identified in only 5% of the total @entity1 sample. @entity1 with the alpha-EEG @entity154 could be further classified into three diagnostic subgroups: @entity1118 , @entity146 and other @entity25 , The subgroups were compared on sleep parameters and psychological characteristics. Less than 40% of the @entity1 exhibiting the alpha-EEG @entity154 experienced @entity1118 . @entity1118 @entity1 evidenced disturbed sleep patterns and psychological characteristics that were for the most part similar to those observed in some @entity158 -free medical and @entity146 @entity1 . Only the medical subgroup exhibited objective @entity25 . The alpha-EEG sleep disturbance was not accounted for by psychological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the notion that alpha-EEG sleep is of direct etiological significance in producing the @entity158 complaint among @entity1 with @entity1118 since the alpha-EEG sleep was not a sufficient condition for @entity158 .

title: Sleep and @entity1118 : challenges to the alpha-EEG sleep pattern as a @entity158 specific XXXX .

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep anomaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The alpha-EEG @entity25 has been associated with chronic @entity158 . Although controversial, the @entity154 is believed by some to be an important biologic correlate of certain otherwise poorly explained painful conditions (e.g., @entity239 and @entity5815 ). To shed further light on this phenomenon, this study compared the sleep and psychological characteristics of @entity1118 @entity1 who exhibited the alpha-EEG @entity25 with @entity158 -free @entity146 and medical @entity1 who also were found to exhibit the alpha-EEG @entity154 . METHODS: The alpha-EEG sleep was identified in the polysomnographic records of 5% of over 1000 consecutive sleep @entity1 . Objective sleep parameters, @entity25 and psychological characteristics (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI] scores) of @entity1 exhibiting this @entity154 were examined. RESULTS: The alpha-EEG @entity154 was identified in only 5% of the total @entity1 sample. @entity1 with the alpha-EEG @entity154 could be further classified into three diagnostic subgroups: @entity1118 , @entity146 and other @entity25 , The subgroups were compared on sleep parameters and psychological characteristics. Less than 40% of the @entity1 exhibiting the alpha-EEG @entity154 experienced @entity1118 . @entity1118 @entity1 evidenced disturbed sleep patterns and psychological characteristics that were for the most part similar to those observed in some @entity158 -free medical and @entity146 @entity1 . Only the medical subgroup exhibited objective @entity25 . The alpha-EEG sleep disturbance was not accounted for by psychological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the notion that alpha-EEG sleep is of direct etiological significance in producing the @entity158 complaint among @entity1 with @entity1118 since the alpha-EEG sleep was not a sufficient condition for @entity158 .

title: Sleep and @entity1118 : challenges to the alpha-EEG sleep pattern as a XXXX specific @entity25 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']