abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity432 ( @entity432 ) on CT brain scan is an assumed radiological marker of acute intra-arterial @entity715 . However, the relationship between @entity432 between time of @entity64 onset has not been adequately investigated, leading to uncertainty regarding its validity as a marker of acute ischaemia. We attempted to determine if the presence of the @entity432 is associated with time from @entity64 onset. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary referral centre. Consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity64 and confirmed middle cerebral @entity432 on initial CT angiogram from 2007-2011 were included. Visual estimation and manual measurement of Hounsfield units of affected and corresponding non-affected artery on non-contrast CT was completed and mean density was calculated from four separate readings. Primary outome measures were Time from @entity64 onset and @entity432 on both visual estimation and the ratio of mean value in Hounsfield Units (HU) of affected to non-affected artery. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-four subjects with confirmed @entity432 on CT Angiogram were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age distribution or vascular risk factor presence between subjects with or without @entity432 . Subjects with @entity432 were less likely to be male (50.9  % vs 70.8  %, p   =   0.02).) @entity432 was found in 106 (68.8  %) of all subjects. Median NIHSS score at presentation was significantly higher in the @entity432 group (17 vs 12, p   =   0.02). No statistically significant association between @entity432 and @entity64 onset time or density ratio between affected and non-affected artery was detected overall within either the first 24-h or on subgroup analysis of those in the first 4.5-h. A small subgroup of three @entity1 with @entity64 onset greater than 24-h all had absent @entity432 . CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of a correlation between time of @entity64 onset and presence of a @entity432 within the first 24-h post acute @entity64 was identified. The @entity432 was associated with a higher NIHSS score at presentation.

title: Is there association between hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign on CT scan and time from XXXX onset within the first 24-hours?

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdense artery sign', 'arterial occlusion', 'HAS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Clinicopathologic findings in 102 @entity1 with primary @entity344 were reviewed. @entity490 was the common presenting symptom. The primary sites of the @entity5 were: 67 in the stomach, 24 in the small intestine, 7 in the ileocecal region, 3 in the large intestine, and 1 in the esophagus. The disease more frequently affected males than females and showed peak incidence in the 5th decade of life. @entity6595 usually presented with a single lesion, but multiple lesions were frequent in the small intestine. The body and/or antrum of the stomach were the commonest sites of the @entity706 . @entity6595 were diagnosed at an earlier stage than @entity706 . There was 1 case with @entity978 . The remaining 101 @entity1 with @entity1893 were classified according to the Rappaport and the Kiel classifications. The proportion of @entity8462 in the present series was 7%. The frequencies of diffuse histiocytic type ard germinal center cell @entity5 were 62 and 74%, respectively. Cox's multivariate analysis for prognostic factors revealed that the stage of the @entity5 , sex, and age were prognostically significant.

title: Primary XXXX . A clinicopathologic study of 102 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['nodular lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']


abstract: Clinicopathologic findings in 102 @entity1 with primary @entity344 were reviewed. @entity490 was the common presenting symptom. The primary sites of the @entity5 were: 67 in the stomach, 24 in the small intestine, 7 in the ileocecal region, 3 in the large intestine, and 1 in the esophagus. The disease more frequently affected males than females and showed peak incidence in the 5th decade of life. @entity6595 usually presented with a single lesion, but multiple lesions were frequent in the small intestine. The body and/or antrum of the stomach were the commonest sites of the @entity706 . @entity6595 were diagnosed at an earlier stage than @entity706 . There was 1 case with @entity978 . The remaining 101 @entity1 with @entity1893 were classified according to the Rappaport and the Kiel classifications. The proportion of @entity8462 in the present series was 7%. The frequencies of diffuse histiocytic type ard germinal center cell @entity5 were 62 and 74%, respectively. Cox's multivariate analysis for prognostic factors revealed that the stage of the @entity5 , sex, and age were prognostically significant.

title: Primary @entity344 . A clinicopathologic study of 102 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: With a view to examine the possibility of a direct role of opioids in the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis, the following in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted in male @entity35 of different age groups. Intratesticular (i.t.) injections of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and its antagonist @entity1510 (nal) were given bilaterally to adult (80-100 days), peripubertal (40 days) and juvenile (20 days) @entity35 and blood was collected at different time intervals up to 90 min and assayed for @entity251 (T). beta-EP suppressed T levels in all age groups of @entity35 while @entity1510 stimulated T secretion only in adult @entity35 . In another experiment, adult @entity35 were also injected with 60 IU of @entity1465 (sc) after 30 min. of beta-EP/nal treatment. @entity1510 induced a greater rise in T in the presence of @entity1465 while beta-EP blocked the @entity1465 induced rise in @entity251 . In the in vitro sets of experiments, isolated interstitial cells from testes of adult, 40 and 20 days old @entity35 were incubated for 4 hr with @entity1465 (25 IU), beta-EP (0.5ng) and nal (5.0ng) alone or in combinations. @entity1510 alone was ineffective although it significantly enhanced @entity1465 stimulated T release. beta-EP decreased both basal and @entity1465 stimulated T release. Based on these results we postulate that opioids may influence steroidogenesis possibly by altering the response of interstitial cells to LH.

title: Effect of beta-endorphin and XXXX on @entity35 testicular steroidogenesis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: With a view to examine the possibility of a direct role of opioids in the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis, the following in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted in male @entity35 of different age groups. Intratesticular (i.t.) injections of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and its antagonist @entity1510 (nal) were given bilaterally to adult (80-100 days), peripubertal (40 days) and juvenile (20 days) @entity35 and blood was collected at different time intervals up to 90 min and assayed for @entity251 (T). beta-EP suppressed T levels in all age groups of @entity35 while @entity1510 stimulated T secretion only in adult @entity35 . In another experiment, adult @entity35 were also injected with 60 IU of @entity1465 (sc) after 30 min. of beta-EP/nal treatment. @entity1510 induced a greater rise in T in the presence of @entity1465 while beta-EP blocked the @entity1465 induced rise in @entity251 . In the in vitro sets of experiments, isolated interstitial cells from testes of adult, 40 and 20 days old @entity35 were incubated for 4 hr with @entity1465 (25 IU), beta-EP (0.5ng) and nal (5.0ng) alone or in combinations. @entity1510 alone was ineffective although it significantly enhanced @entity1465 stimulated T release. beta-EP decreased both basal and @entity1465 stimulated T release. Based on these results we postulate that opioids may influence steroidogenesis possibly by altering the response of interstitial cells to LH.

title: Effect of beta-endorphin and @entity1510 on XXXX testicular steroidogenesis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Type 4 pili are essential for virulence in @entity6368 . The gonococcal pilin subunit is encoded by pilE, upstream of which three putative promoter sequences (P1, P2, and P3) have been identified. P1 and P2 are sigma 70-like promoters and are functional when a PpiE::cat transcriptional fusion is expressed in @entity27600 alpha. P3 is sigma 54 dependent and overlaps the P1 sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis of the pilE promoters followed by transcriptional analysis in @entity526 indicated that in the absence of an appropriate activator protein, binding of RNA polymerase-sigma 54 to P3 inhibits transcription from P1 on the order of 30-fold. Transcription from P3 was undetectable in @entity526 . However, PilR-dependent, P3-associated expression was detected in @entity796 PAK containing a PpilE::cat fusion, with P3 the only intact promoter. A similar analysis was performed on gonococcal reporter strains containing wild-type and mutated PpilE::cat cassettes recombined into the chromosome. In such piliated gonococcal recombinants cultured in vitro, P1 was responsible for cat expression and almost certainly for transcription of pilE. Transcription from P2 and P3 was not detectable under these conditions. Inhibition of transcription from P1 by sigma 54 binding to P3 was not apparent in @entity6368 MS11-A, suggesting that sigma 54 was either absent or unable to bind to P3 in these cells.

title: The pilE gene of XXXX MS11 is transcribed from a sigma 70 promoter during growth in vitro.

entities_list: @entity27600 :: ('536056', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli DH5']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We tested the hypothesis that @entity3624 oxidase inhibition among African Americans receiving the @entity6662 -type diuretic @entity9804 may improve blood pressure control with fewer @entity5052 -related side effects. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of African Americans with Stage 1 @entity101 without clinically significant @entity8 . One hundred fifty African American @entity1 or @entity1 between the ages of 18 and 65  years who met the exclusion/inclusion criteria with untreated or treated @entity101 were started on @entity9804 (25  mg/d) and @entity4337 . After a 5-week run-in on @entity9804 , baseline testing was performed and they were randomized to @entity208 (300  mg/dL) or placebo with doses adjusted based on @entity414 levels and followed for 8  weeks. One hundred ten subjects completed the study. Baseline systolic blood pressures after the 5-week @entity9804 run-in were 119.9      13.6 in the @entity208 group and 117      11.2 in the placebo group indicating excellent blood pressure control with the single agent. After at least 4  week postrandomization, the difference in mean change in systolic blood pressure in @entity208 less placebo from visits 5 to 3 was 4.3  mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -0.2 to 8.7; P  =  .059). The difference in mean change in @entity414 levels over the same period was 2.1  mg/dL (95% confidence interval, 1.7-2.6; P  <  .001). The use of @entity9804 with or without @entity208 resulted in excellent blood pressure control. The addition of @entity208 tended to improve clinic blood pressure, but the difference from the group receiving @entity9804 alone was not statistically significant.

title: The Effect of the Addition of XXXX on Blood Pressure Control in African Americans Treated With a Thiazide-like Diuretic.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity9804 :: ('MESH:D002752', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorthalidone']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['Allopurinol']


abstract: The purpose of this paper is to report clinical observations on the stabilisation of dentine caries in two chewing gum studies carried out in young subjects. One study focused on the permanent dentition of 1,277 initially 10-year old subjects, while the other study was carried out on 510 initially 6-year old subjects and focused on the primary dentition. In both trials, several chewing gum formulas containing dietary @entity8371 ( @entity8372 and @entity5121 , or their combinations) were used for up to 40 months (10-year olds) or up to 24 months (6-year olds). The daily consumption level of both @entity8371 was up to 10.7 g per subject, used normally in 5-minute chewing episodes 3 to 5 times per day. Supervised chewing in schools lasted 5 min per episode, and for variable times during non-school days. Rehardening of @entity75 was observed clinically by experienced, blinded examiners using sharp dental explorers and fibre optic light. After 40 months (permanent dentition) or after 18 months (primary dentition), rehardening ( @entity1167 ) generally occurred more frequently in subjects who used @entity8371 gums than in subjects who did not receive gum as part of the programmes, or who received @entity969 gum. Arrest or non-progression of dentine caries was most frequently observed in subjects who used 100 per cent @entity8372 gums or mixtures of @entity8372 and @entity5121 , but the differences between gums were not consistently significant. However, the usage of 100 per cent @entity8372 pellet-shaped gum was more frequently associated with arrest of dentine caries than other treatments. These results and previous studies suggest that high- @entity8372 chewing gum usage can retard or arrest even rampant dentine caries in conditions where effective restoration and prevention programmes have not been instituted, and can also provide additional protection against further caries development during full implementation of restorative procedures by holding the lesion in a non-progressive condition.

title: Stabilisation of rampant caries: XXXX gums and arrest of dentine caries in two long-term cohort studies in young subjects.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dentine caries lesions']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['caries arrest']

entities_list: @entity8371 :: ('CHEBI:26191', 'Chemical') :: ['polyols', 'polyol']

answer: @entity8371 :: (CHEBI:26191,Chemical) :: ['polyol']


abstract: Both abnormal automaticity and triggered activity induced by delayed afterdepolarizations have been proposed as the primary mechanism for @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) occurring in @entity235 24 hr after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Because of this controversy, we studied the effects of ventricular pacing and therapeutic concentrations of @entity3303 and @entity9851 on sustained rhythmic activity of isolated subendocardial preparations excised from the @entity1188 , and on @entity1165 in conscious @entity235 . There were differences in the sustained rhythmic activity cycle length of isolated preparations and the @entity1165 cycle length that were attributable to the absence of sympathetic input in the former and its presence in the latter. In isolated tissues, pacing for 1 or 10 beats reset the sustained rhythmic activity and pacing for 1 min induced overdrive suppression. @entity3303 (5 micrograms/ml) had no effect on sustained rhythmic activity but @entity9851 (2 micrograms/ml) suppressed it. Delayed afterdepolarizations occurred but appeared to be induced by pacing or by the hyperpolarization associated with recovery. Although delayed afterdepolarizations were infrequent at 24 hr, their frequency increased with the hyperpolarization of the membrane that occurred at 48 to 96 hr after @entity1188 . Delayed afterdepolarizations also occurred more readily when superfusate temperature was lowered. In conscious @entity235 , pacing the @entity1165 for 1 or 10 beats or 1 min had no effect. @entity3303 (2 to 10 micrograms/ml) did not affect the @entity1165 but @entity9851 (2 to 5 micrograms/ml) increased @entity1165 cycle length significantly. Pacing for 1 min in the presence of @entity9851 , but not @entity3303 , converted @entity1165 to sinus rhythm. Our results suggest that although delayed afterdepolarizations occur at 24 hr after @entity1188 in the standard Harris preparation, they are most readily seen as an accompaniment of hyperpolarization, pacing, or lowering of bath temperature. The predominant rhythm at 24 hr appears to be automatic.

title: An evaluation of automaticity and triggered activity in the XXXX heart one to four days after myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity9851 :: ('MESH:D016293', 'Chemical') :: ['ethmozin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevation of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentration reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. HDLs have been shown to possess acute anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic properties. We hypothesize that HDL therapy can acutely alter local and systemic manifestations of plaque instability. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with early symptomatic @entity66 were randomized to either receive reconstituted HDL (rHDL) 40  mg/kg (n  =  20) or placebo (n  =  20). Carotid endarterectomies were performed 24  hr later. Plaques were obtained intraoperatively and used for  measurement of thrombomodulatory genes expression. Plasma samples were collected before the infusion, 24 and 48  hr later to measure changes in systemic markers of plaque instability. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in thrombomodulatory genes expression between the 2 groups. Systemic levels of tissue factor, @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), and monocyte chemotactic factor-1 ( @entity2842 ) were significantly reduced in the rHDL group. However, the effects on @entity1495 and @entity2842 were abolished in the immediate postoperative period. Although rHDL did not affect plasma @entity650 levels 24  hr following the infusion, it prevented the significant postoperative elevation seen in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: A single infusion of rHDL can acutely alter plasma biomarkers associated with plaque instability and @entity65 .

title: Investigating the Effect of a Single Infusion of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein in XXXX with Symptomatic Carotid Plaques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We propose that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the @entity7 pathway of angiogenesis will associate with survival in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-three SNPs in @entity7 -pathway genes were genotyped in 150 European stage I-III @entity1149 @entity1 and tested for associations with @entity1 survival. Replication was performed in an independent cohort of 142 European stage I-III @entity1 . Reporter gene assays were used to assess the effects of SNPs on transcriptional activity. RESULTS: In the initial cohort, five SNPs associated (q < 0.05) with @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ). The minor alleles of intronic @entity6758 SNPs, @entity73211 and @entity35887 , associated with reduced @entity4557 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.67 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.22-2.29] and HR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.14-2.01], respectively) and reduced transcriptional activity. The minor alleles of intronic KRAS SNPs, @entity73212 and @entity73213 , associated with increased @entity4557 (HR = 0.64 [0.46-0.87] and HR = 0.64 [0.47-0.87], respectively), and the minor allelic variant of @entity73212 also reduced transcriptional activity. Lastly, the minor allele of the intronic KRAS SNP @entity73214 associated with reduced @entity4557 (HR = 1.65 [95% CI, 1.16-2.37]). Analysis of the functional variants suggests they are located in transcriptional enhancer elements. The negative effect of @entity35887 on @entity4557 was confirmed in the replication cohort (HR = 1.69 [0.99-2.89], p = 0.028), and the association was significant in pooled analysis of both cohorts (HR = 1.67 [1.21-2.30], p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The functional @entity6758 variant @entity35887 is a prognostic determinant of recurrence in stage I-III @entity1149 . Its predictive value should be tested in the adjuvant setting of stage I-III @entity1149 .

title: Functional XXXX Genetic Variation is a Prognostic Factor for Recurrence in Stage I-III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity6758 :: (2321,Gene) :: ['FLT1']


abstract: The effects of particle size and pelleting on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology were determined using 160 finishing @entity1707 . The @entity1707 were fed a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal-based diet with the @entity4336 milled to particle sizes of 1,000, 800, 600, or 400 microns. The diets were fed in meal or pellet form. Pelleting the diets resulted in 5% greater ADG (P < .01) and 7% greater grain/feed (P < .001). Also, pelleting increased digestibilities of @entity3918 , N, and GE by 5 to 8% (P < .001). Reducing particle size increased electrical energy required for milling and decreased milling production rates, especially as particle size was decreased from 600 to 400 microns. Reducing particle size of the @entity4336 from 1,000 to 400 microns increased gain/feed by 8% (linear effect, P < .001) and digestibility of GE by 7% (quadratic effect, P < .03). Improved nutrient digestibility and lower ADFI resulted in 26% less daily excretion of @entity3918 and 27% less daily excretion of N in the feces as particle size was reduced from 1,000 to 400 microns (linear effects, P < .001). @entity75 and keratinization increased with reduced particle size (P < .003) and keratinization increased with pelleting (P < .02), although they were unrelated to growth performance (i.e., gain/feed actually improved as lesion scores increased). Considering milling energy, growth performance, stomach morphology, nutrient digestibility, and nutrient excretion, a particle size of 600 microns, or slightly less, is an acceptable compromise for @entity4336 in both meal and pelleted diets for finishing @entity1707 .

title: Effects of particle size and pelleting on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology in finishing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Stomach lesions']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Forty-three @entity35 underwent a series of operations with the @entity515 laser to incise the uterine horn. Electronically pulsed laser light was compared with the continuous-wave (CW) mode on alternative horns, with each animal serving as its own control. Five variations of the superpulsed mode were compared with the same number of CW settings. Three experiments were performed: acute evaluation after partial uterine horn transection, acute observation after complete transection, and chronic studies after partial transection. The sectioned uterine horns were grossly observed and photographed, then sampled, histologically fixed, and studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zones of thermal @entity39 were measured by an imaging tube and quantified by a @entity1112 tablet. The results of this study demonstrated 2.5 times less thermal @entity39 by electronically pulsed, versus the CW, laser beam. Four-and-one-half times less @entity39 was also observed when the pulsed laser was employed for complete transection experiments. Adhesions were provoked in every animal that underwent chronic investigation. Inflammatory response, adhesion progression, and hydrosalpinx formation were significantly diminished in the pulsed-treated group. Qualitatively, wounds inflicted by pulsing showed different geometric patterns, compared with CW incisions. Electronic pulsing offers the surgeon the combined advantages of knife-like incisions and the precision and hemostatic properties of the @entity515 laser.

title: Comparison of electronically superpulsed and continuous-wave XXXX laser on the @entity35 uterine horn.

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['computer-linked digitizing']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: Forty-three @entity35 underwent a series of operations with the @entity515 laser to incise the uterine horn. Electronically pulsed laser light was compared with the continuous-wave (CW) mode on alternative horns, with each animal serving as its own control. Five variations of the superpulsed mode were compared with the same number of CW settings. Three experiments were performed: acute evaluation after partial uterine horn transection, acute observation after complete transection, and chronic studies after partial transection. The sectioned uterine horns were grossly observed and photographed, then sampled, histologically fixed, and studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zones of thermal @entity39 were measured by an imaging tube and quantified by a @entity1112 tablet. The results of this study demonstrated 2.5 times less thermal @entity39 by electronically pulsed, versus the CW, laser beam. Four-and-one-half times less @entity39 was also observed when the pulsed laser was employed for complete transection experiments. Adhesions were provoked in every animal that underwent chronic investigation. Inflammatory response, adhesion progression, and hydrosalpinx formation were significantly diminished in the pulsed-treated group. Qualitatively, wounds inflicted by pulsing showed different geometric patterns, compared with CW incisions. Electronic pulsing offers the surgeon the combined advantages of knife-like incisions and the precision and hemostatic properties of the @entity515 laser.

title: Comparison of electronically superpulsed and continuous-wave @entity515 laser on the XXXX uterine horn.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prognostic indicators for @entity201 have not been widely confirmed because of its rarity. Despite the early appearance of symptoms, it has a very poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors in @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for @entity1126 ( @entity1126 ) in a high-volume center for @entity660 . METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2013, 1490 PD were performed for periampullary disease. Data from all @entity1 with histologically proven @entity201 were reviewed. Preoperative data, post-operative complications, pathologic features, and survival were investigated. RESULTS: Among 50 histologically proven @entity1126 (3.3  %), 4 @entity1 who underwent CBD resection were excluded. Thus, the study population consisted of 46 @entity1 . Overall surgical morbidity rate was 67.4  %; mortality was nil. @entity532 were @entity3472 (47.8  %), abdominal collections (34.8  %), post-pancreatectomy @entity548 (21.7  %), and delayed @entity356 (10.9  %). The majority of resections were R0 (73.9  %). The presence of metastatic lymph nodes (N1) was identified in 76.1  % of cases. Among N1 cases, the most frequently involved lymph nodes were pancreaticoduodenal nodes (50  %), hepatoduodenal ligament nodes (21.7  %), superior mesenteric artery nodes (8.7  %), and anterior hepatic artery nodes (4.3  %). Overall, survival rates were 88.8, 40, and 18  % at 1, 3, and 5  years, respectively. Median survival was 31  months. By univariate analysis, only @entity5 grading and nodal metastasis were predictors of poor prognosis (p   <   0.05). These findings were not confirmed in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity1126 is a rare entity even if large surgical series are reviewed. @entity5 differentiation and nodal status have been confirmed as important prognostic factors. Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the procedure of choice in order to obtain free surgical margins and in order to harvest the correct number of lymph nodes for a correct staging.

title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX : surgical results, prognostic factors, and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Major complications']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['distal bile duct cancer', 'DBDC']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'distal cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['distal cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used to manage antenatal @entity308 . Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the prevalence of @entity600 associated with pregnancy exposure to such agents and summarize the hypothesized teratogenic mechanisms. Areas covered: Medical literature published in English (1980 - June 2015) was electronically searched to identify all articles reporting an increased prevalence of @entity600 associated with prenatal SSRI exposure and hypothesizing teratogenic mechanisms. Expert opinion: The only recurrent pattern of @entity154 associated with antenatal SSRI exposure is @entity299 . SSRIs may alter the function of @entity750 and related receptors which are involved in the development of the @entity1154 -dependent @entity299 . Nevertheless, the magnitude of this increase and, thus, its clinical significance are unclear. Therefore, a cautious approach of using SSRI during pregnancy only in the case of major @entity308 episodes should be applied. However, this risk should be balanced against the risks associated with the worsening of @entity308 , and take into consideration the large number of studies that found no associations between transplacental SSRI exposure and @entity299 . Prenatal ultrasonography and Doppler sonography to detect early @entity299 are also advisable. Non-pharmacological approaches are preferred for less severe @entity146 .

title: Early pregnancy exposure to selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors, risks of @entity600 , and hypothesized teratogenic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects', 'cardiac defects', 'cardiac structures', 'cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used to manage antenatal @entity308 . Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the prevalence of @entity600 associated with pregnancy exposure to such agents and summarize the hypothesized teratogenic mechanisms. Areas covered: Medical literature published in English (1980 - June 2015) was electronically searched to identify all articles reporting an increased prevalence of @entity600 associated with prenatal SSRI exposure and hypothesizing teratogenic mechanisms. Expert opinion: The only recurrent pattern of @entity154 associated with antenatal SSRI exposure is @entity299 . SSRIs may alter the function of @entity750 and related receptors which are involved in the development of the @entity1154 -dependent @entity299 . Nevertheless, the magnitude of this increase and, thus, its clinical significance are unclear. Therefore, a cautious approach of using SSRI during pregnancy only in the case of major @entity308 episodes should be applied. However, this risk should be balanced against the risks associated with the worsening of @entity308 , and take into consideration the large number of studies that found no associations between transplacental SSRI exposure and @entity299 . Prenatal ultrasonography and Doppler sonography to detect early @entity299 are also advisable. Non-pharmacological approaches are preferred for less severe @entity146 .

title: Early pregnancy exposure to selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors, risks of XXXX , and hypothesized teratogenic mechanisms.

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['major structural malformations']


abstract: The VH gene repertoire of @entity1 peripheral B cells was analyzed using PCR analysis of individual blood B cells. Because genomic DNA of single B cells was analyzed, data from both productive and nonproductive VDJ rearrangements were obtained. Nine out of 75 B cells contained both functional and nonfunctional rearrangement products, whereas 62/75 had a single productive VDJ rearrangement. The distribution of VH families was ordered in accordance with the germline complexity, although a bias toward VH3 and some of its members was found. This bias was noted in both the productively and nonproductively rearranged repertoires, indicating that it resulted from molecular and not selective processes. Evidence for negative selection of certain VH3 and VH4 family members was noted in that they were found less often as productive than nonproductive VDJ rearrangements. In addition, evidence for positive selection based on @entity2612 was obtained, in that JH6 and @entity39690 were found at a higher frequency in the productively compared with the nonproductively rearranged repertoire. The @entity2612 segments were markedly heterogenous, with a much greater degree of variability noted in the nonproductive VDJ rearrangements. Finally, a much greater frequency of mutations was noted in the nonproductively rearranged VH genes within individual B cells. These results have begun to delineate the @entity1 peripheral B cell repertoire and identify processes that shape it both positively and negatively.

title: Analysis of the heavy chain repertoire of XXXX peripheral B cells using single-cell polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity378 ( @entity378 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity2842 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity2842 and @entity11602 , circulating soluble @entity3646 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity3646 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity3646 ( @entity3646  2) in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1907 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity1907 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity1906 , and in disease controls with @entity2028 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity378 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity11602 were raised least in @entity1906 , and most in pulmonary @entity1 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity2842 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity378 , were negatively correlated with @entity11602 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity378 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity3646 , sIL-4R, @entity2842 or @entity11602 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity3646  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: @entity2842 , XXXX and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and @entity1907 ; a 2 year study of @entity1 and contacts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonias or Dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal TB', 'renal and meningeal TB']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity11602 :: (6362,Gene) :: ['CCL18']


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity378 ( @entity378 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity2842 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity2842 and @entity11602 , circulating soluble @entity3646 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity3646 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity3646 ( @entity3646  2) in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1907 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity1907 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity1906 , and in disease controls with @entity2028 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity378 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity11602 were raised least in @entity1906 , and most in pulmonary @entity1 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity2842 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity378 , were negatively correlated with @entity11602 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity378 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity3646 , sIL-4R, @entity2842 or @entity11602 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity3646  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: XXXX , @entity11602 and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and @entity1907 ; a 2 year study of @entity1 and contacts.

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['CCL2']


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity378 ( @entity378 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity2842 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity2842 and @entity11602 , circulating soluble @entity3646 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity3646 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity3646 ( @entity3646  2) in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1907 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity1907 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity1906 , and in disease controls with @entity2028 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity378 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity11602 were raised least in @entity1906 , and most in pulmonary @entity1 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity2842 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity378 , were negatively correlated with @entity11602 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity378 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity3646 , sIL-4R, @entity2842 or @entity11602 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity3646  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: @entity2842 , @entity11602 and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and XXXX ; a 2 year study of @entity1 and contacts.

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary TB']


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity378 ( @entity378 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity2842 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity2842 and @entity11602 , circulating soluble @entity3646 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity3646 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity3646 ( @entity3646  2) in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1907 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity1907 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity1906 , and in disease controls with @entity2028 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity378 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity11602 were raised least in @entity1906 , and most in pulmonary @entity1 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity2842 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity378 , were negatively correlated with @entity11602 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity378 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity3646 , sIL-4R, @entity2842 or @entity11602 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity3646  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: @entity2842 , @entity11602 and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and @entity1907 ; a 2 year study of XXXX and contacts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The mechanisms by which @entity21410 (PA) enters and leaves brain, choroid plexus, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were investigated by injecting [3H]PA either intravenously or intraventricularly into adult @entity95 . @entity48400 , either alone or together with unlabeled PA, was infused at a constant rate into conscious @entity95 . At 180 min, @entity48400 readily entered CSF, choroid plexus, and brain. In brain, CSF, and plasma, greater than 90% of the 3H was associated with [3H]PA. The addition of 200 mumol/kg PA to the infusion syringe decreased the penetration of @entity48400 into brain and CSF by approximately 70%. Two hours after the intraventricular injection of @entity48400 , @entity48400 was rapidly cleared from the CSF by a probenecid-sensitive mechanism. No metabolism of the @entity48400 occurred in brain. However, 18 h after the intraventricular injection of 37 microCi (34 nmol) of @entity48400 , approximately 40% of the 3H remaining in forebrain was converted to @entity73215 . These results show that PA enters and leaves CSF and brain by saturable transport systems. However, @entity48400 is very slowly converted to @entity73215 in brain in vivo.

title: XXXX transport and metabolism in the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity21410 :: ('MESH:D010205', 'Chemical') :: ['pantothenic acid']

answer: @entity21410 :: (MESH:D010205,Chemical) :: ['Pantothenic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13992 is an intravenous @entity4770 analog approved for the treatment of @entity120 ( @entity120 ). Few studies have compared the pharmacodynamics and effectiveness of @entity13992 and @entity4770 in @entity1 with high-risk @entity120 . METHODS: Case series of @entity1 with @entity120 admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit for transition from @entity4770 to intravenous @entity13992 for refractory class III-IV functional symptoms or @entity712 . Mixed linear models were used for comparisons between repeated hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: Five of fourteen @entity1 treated with intravenous @entity13992 during the study period underwent transition to @entity4770 . Two had @entity120 associated with @entity785 , three had idiopathic @entity120 . Pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly increased within 1 h after discontinuation of @entity13992 in all subjects. Mean PAPs immediately prior to discontinuation of @entity13992 (53.4    7.5 mmHg) were significantly lower than the values 1 h after discontinuation (63.6    9.6 mmHg, p = 0.026), but were significantly higher than the values following transition to @entity4770 (45.4    5.5, p = 0.0493); 4/5 subjects had short-term clinical follow-up data available; all improved in functional class. No subject experienced adverse events during the transition. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk @entity120 @entity1 with an inadequate response to @entity13992 may have significant clinical and hemodynamic response to @entity4770 . Following discontinuation of @entity13992 in these @entity1 , the hemodynamic effects of discontinuation were seen in substantially shorter time than what is known to be the pharmacokinetic terminal half-life.

title: Differential response to intravenous @entity4770 analog therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['epoprostenol', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity13992 :: ('MESH:C427248', 'Chemical') :: ['treprostinil', 'Treprostinil']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13992 is an intravenous @entity4770 analog approved for the treatment of @entity120 ( @entity120 ). Few studies have compared the pharmacodynamics and effectiveness of @entity13992 and @entity4770 in @entity1 with high-risk @entity120 . METHODS: Case series of @entity1 with @entity120 admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit for transition from @entity4770 to intravenous @entity13992 for refractory class III-IV functional symptoms or @entity712 . Mixed linear models were used for comparisons between repeated hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: Five of fourteen @entity1 treated with intravenous @entity13992 during the study period underwent transition to @entity4770 . Two had @entity120 associated with @entity785 , three had idiopathic @entity120 . Pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly increased within 1 h after discontinuation of @entity13992 in all subjects. Mean PAPs immediately prior to discontinuation of @entity13992 (53.4    7.5 mmHg) were significantly lower than the values 1 h after discontinuation (63.6    9.6 mmHg, p = 0.026), but were significantly higher than the values following transition to @entity4770 (45.4    5.5, p = 0.0493); 4/5 subjects had short-term clinical follow-up data available; all improved in functional class. No subject experienced adverse events during the transition. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk @entity120 @entity1 with an inadequate response to @entity13992 may have significant clinical and hemodynamic response to @entity4770 . Following discontinuation of @entity13992 in these @entity1 , the hemodynamic effects of discontinuation were seen in substantially shorter time than what is known to be the pharmacokinetic terminal half-life.

title: Differential response to intravenous XXXX analog therapy in @entity1 with @entity120 .

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13992 is an intravenous @entity4770 analog approved for the treatment of @entity120 ( @entity120 ). Few studies have compared the pharmacodynamics and effectiveness of @entity13992 and @entity4770 in @entity1 with high-risk @entity120 . METHODS: Case series of @entity1 with @entity120 admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit for transition from @entity4770 to intravenous @entity13992 for refractory class III-IV functional symptoms or @entity712 . Mixed linear models were used for comparisons between repeated hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: Five of fourteen @entity1 treated with intravenous @entity13992 during the study period underwent transition to @entity4770 . Two had @entity120 associated with @entity785 , three had idiopathic @entity120 . Pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly increased within 1 h after discontinuation of @entity13992 in all subjects. Mean PAPs immediately prior to discontinuation of @entity13992 (53.4    7.5 mmHg) were significantly lower than the values 1 h after discontinuation (63.6    9.6 mmHg, p = 0.026), but were significantly higher than the values following transition to @entity4770 (45.4    5.5, p = 0.0493); 4/5 subjects had short-term clinical follow-up data available; all improved in functional class. No subject experienced adverse events during the transition. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk @entity120 @entity1 with an inadequate response to @entity13992 may have significant clinical and hemodynamic response to @entity4770 . Following discontinuation of @entity13992 in these @entity1 , the hemodynamic effects of discontinuation were seen in substantially shorter time than what is known to be the pharmacokinetic terminal half-life.

title: Differential response to intravenous @entity4770 analog therapy in XXXX with @entity120 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity322 ( @entity322 ) among parous @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age and compare their level of knowledge regarding @entity322 to those @entity1 without the condition. METHODS: A convenience sample of @entity1 aged 20 to 50 years who had given birth at least once completed questionnaires regarding (1) demographic information, (2) knowledge of @entity322 (PIKQ-Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quiz and PIKQ+), and (3) prevalence of @entity322 (ICIQ- @entity322 questionnaire-International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence short form). @entity1 who were pregnant or 3 months or less postpartum were excluded from the analysis of the ICIQ- @entity322 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-three @entity1 , representing 89.7% of those approached, participated in the study. Their mean age was 35.3   5.0 years (mean    SD), all completed the knowledge questionnaire while 260 (80.5%) completed the @entity322 questionnaire. Eighty-three (31.9%) suffered from @entity322 , and most (67.5%) were between 31 and 40 years of age. @entity1 ' level of knowledge about @entity322 was found to be moderate (mean = 7.37    3.6) on the PIKQ+. Knowledge level was correlated with age (P = .017) and with higher levels of education (P < .001). There was a significantly higher level of @entity322 knowledge (PIKQ+ scores) among @entity1 with @entity322 (mean = 8.6; SD = 3.01) as compared to those who did not report @entity322 (mean = 7.6; SD =  3.75; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of parous @entity1 aged 20 to 50 years reported @entity322 . Knowledge related to the condition tends to be moderate, increasing with higher age and education.

title: Self-reported Prevalence of and Knowledge About Urinary Incontinence Among Community-Dwelling Israeli XXXX of @entity1 -Bearing Age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity322 ( @entity322 ) among parous @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age and compare their level of knowledge regarding @entity322 to those @entity1 without the condition. METHODS: A convenience sample of @entity1 aged 20 to 50 years who had given birth at least once completed questionnaires regarding (1) demographic information, (2) knowledge of @entity322 (PIKQ-Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quiz and PIKQ+), and (3) prevalence of @entity322 (ICIQ- @entity322 questionnaire-International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence short form). @entity1 who were pregnant or 3 months or less postpartum were excluded from the analysis of the ICIQ- @entity322 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-three @entity1 , representing 89.7% of those approached, participated in the study. Their mean age was 35.3   5.0 years (mean    SD), all completed the knowledge questionnaire while 260 (80.5%) completed the @entity322 questionnaire. Eighty-three (31.9%) suffered from @entity322 , and most (67.5%) were between 31 and 40 years of age. @entity1 ' level of knowledge about @entity322 was found to be moderate (mean = 7.37    3.6) on the PIKQ+. Knowledge level was correlated with age (P = .017) and with higher levels of education (P < .001). There was a significantly higher level of @entity322 knowledge (PIKQ+ scores) among @entity1 with @entity322 (mean = 8.6; SD = 3.01) as compared to those who did not report @entity322 (mean = 7.6; SD =  3.75; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of parous @entity1 aged 20 to 50 years reported @entity322 . Knowledge related to the condition tends to be moderate, increasing with higher age and education.

title: Self-reported Prevalence of and Knowledge About Urinary Incontinence Among Community-Dwelling Israeli @entity1 of XXXX -Bearing Age.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: CONTEXT: Changes in vascular permeability and expansion of the fluid-filled antrum are major events in the LH-induced ovulatory process. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to investigate the presence and expression levels of aquaporins (AQPs) in the granulosa and theca cell compartments of the follicle during defined phases of @entity1 ovulation. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a prospective experimental study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a university hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent laparoscopic sterilization and at the same time follicle retrieval at four periovulatory phases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: mRNA levels of @entity3261 -4 were measured in separated granulosa and theca cells from preovulatory phase, early ovulatory (EO) phase, late ovulatory phase, and postovulatory phase. Immunohistochemistry was done for @entity3261 -4 in intact @entity1 follicles. RESULTS: All four AQPs were expressed in both the theca and granulosa cells during ovulation. In granulosa cells, @entity3261 levels increased in the late ovulatory and postovulatory phases. Expression of @entity7060 -3 followed a similar pattern with a marked increase in the EO phase, whereas @entity3951 levels decreased from preovulatory to the EO phase. The presence of @entity3261 -4 in the @entity1 follicle was verified by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The results show for the first time the presence of @entity3261 -4 in @entity1 follicles during ovulation. The marked early rise in expression of @entity7060 and @entity18810 suggests a role during the process leading to follicular rupture, and the late rise of @entity3261 suggests a role in corpus luteum formation.

title: The water permeability channels aquaporins 1-4 are differentially expressed in granulosa and theca cells of the preovulatory follicle during precise stages of XXXX ovulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with 50% or more asymptomatic @entity543 (ACS) on intensive medical treatment is low. Hence, the optimal treatment of ACS remains controversial at this point of time. AIM: We assessed the risk of @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and @entity299 in @entity1 with 50% or more ACS on intensive medical treatment. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity385 /minor @entity64 (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score  <=5) who had undergone vessel imaging as part of their evaluation and @entity1 with @entity453 who had undergone vessel imaging before cardiac intervention were screened for the presence of asymptomatic @entity543 . The risk of @entity385 / @entity64 , @entity299 , and vascular deaths were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 1,800 @entity1 , 92 @entity1 (.05%) had ACS having 50% to 99% stenosis; 63 had @entity385 /minor @entity64 , and 29 had @entity453 , of whom 7 @entity1 had bilateral ACS, thus constituting 99 study units of ACS. The mean follow-up was 34.7  months (range 3-120  months). Two @entity1 developed @entity63 events on the side ipsilateral to the ACS and 9 @entity1 developed @entity299 during the follow-up. The average annual event rate for cerebral @entity63 events was .93% (95% confidence interval [CI], .11-3.37), 4.21% (95% CI, 1.92-7.98) for @entity299 , and 3.27% (95% CI, 1.31-6.74) for @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with ACS is low, acute coronary events and vascular deaths were significant. This highlights the importance of intensive risk factor modification to reduce adverse cardiovascular events in ACS rather than revascularization of the @entity543 .

title: Risk of XXXX and Cardiac Events in Medically Treated Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['stroke/transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can account for the dosimetric impact of anatomical change in @entity135 @entity1 ; however it can be resource intensive. Consequently, it is imperative that @entity1 likely to require ART are identified. The purpose of this study was to find predictive factors that identify @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity1 more likely to need ART. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity1 with @entity957 or @entity189 were analysed. @entity1 @entity5 characteristics were compared between @entity1 who were replanned and those that were not. Factors found to be significant were included in logistic regression models. Risk profiles were developed from these models. A dosimetric analysis was performed. RESULTS: @entity66 stage, pre-treatment largest involved node size, diagnosis and initial weight (categorised in 2 groups) were identified as significant for inclusion in the model. Two models were found to be significant (p=0.001), correctly classifying 98.2% and 96.1% of @entity1 respectively. Three ART risk profiles were developed. CONCLUSION: Predictive factors identifying @entity957 or @entity189 @entity1 more likely to require ART were reported. A risk profile approach could facilitate the effective implementation of ART into radiotherapy departments through forward planning and appropriate resource allocation.

title: Predicting the need for adaptive radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['demographics and tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Development of the antimalarial drug resistant strains has currently become a major public health challenge. There is an urgent need to develop new antimalarial drugs. @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are receiving increasing attention as anticancer therapy. It has revolutionarised the management of CML to say the least. TKIs are also increasingly being implicated in complicated but vital life cycle of @entity311 parasite. Hence we tested two commonly used but different classes of TKIs ( @entity2213 and @entity2857 ) in-vitro for their antimalarial activity and possible synergistic activity with existing antimalarial drug. Antimalarial activity was tested with the help of modified WHO microtest technique in-vitro for five different @entity3964 laboratory strains (3D7, Dd2, 7G8, MRC2, PKL9). @entity2213 and @entity2857 showed a promising antimalarial activity with all the strains. These compounds caused dose dependent inhibition of parasite maturation. The isobologram analysis of the interactions of these TKIs with standard antimalarial drug, @entity506 revealed distinct patterns of synergism, additivity and antagonism at different ratios. @entity2213 showed worthwhile synergism with @entity506 indicating @entity2213 and other @entity4149 kinase inhibitors may have significant antimalarial activity and can be used in combination therapy.

title: XXXX kinase inhibitors: New class of antimalarials on the horizon?

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity4149 :: ('D014443', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['Tyrosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) is reportedly associated with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) development. However, the predictors of @entity910 ( @entity910 ) remained unclear. We retrospectively enrolled 234 @entity1 without structural @entity299 who underwent a permanent pacemaker implantation with RVAP between 1982 and 2004. RVAP-induced @entity712 was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction decrease >5  % with @entity712 symptom without other @entity712 development etiology. The QRS duration of a paced beat (pQRSd) and @entity296 score were analyzed from each @entity1 's 12-lead ECG. During a mean 15.6  years (range 3.3-30.0  years), 48 @entity1 (20.5  %) @entity1 developed RVAP-induced @entity712 . The @entity910 group @entity1 had a longer pQRSd (192.4      13.5 vs. 175.7      14.7  ms in non- @entity910 @entity1 , p  <  0.001) and a higher @entity296 score (5.2      1.9 vs. 2.7      1.9, respectively p  <  0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, old age at implantation [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.62, 95  % confidential interval (CI) 1.22-2.16, p  =  0.001], a longer pQRSd (HR 1.54, 95  % CI 1.15-2.05, p  =  0.003), a higher @entity296 score (HR 1.23, 95  % CI 1.03-1.49, p  =  0.037), and a higher percentage of ventricular pacing (HR 1.31, 95  % CI 1.01-1.49, p  =  0.010) were independent predictors of @entity910 . Based on the results of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the pQRSd cutoff was 185  ms (AUC 0.79, sensitivity 66.7  %, specificity 76.3  %) and @entity296 score cutoff value was 4 (AUC 0.81, sensitivity 81.3  %, specificity 66.1  %). The pQRSd was positively correlated with scar score (r  =  0.70, p  <  0.001). pQRSd >= 185  ms and/or @entity296 score >= 4 might be independent long-term prognostic markers of @entity910 .

title: Paced QRS duration and XXXX amount: predictors of long-term outcome of right ventricular apical pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['pacing-induced HF', 'PHF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial scar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyse the inocuity and the incidence of complications of a 0.2 mg/ml solution of @entity1138 (M.M.C.), for two application time, 2.5 or 5 minutes. METHODS: 110 trabeculectomies were realised in 99 @entity1 ; they were high-risk (HR) @entity1 in 66 cases, and low-risk (LR) @entity1 in 44 cases. M.M.C. was used for 2.5 minutes in 44 cases (20 HR @entity1 , 24 LR @entity1 ), and for 5 minutes in 66 cases (46 HR @entity1 , 20 LR @entity1 ). RESULTS: In both groups HR and LR, there is no significant difference on the pressure lowering whether the 0.2 mg/ml solution of M.M.C. is used during 2.5 minutes or 5 minutes (Student t-test at 6 months: HR: p = 0.224; FR: p = 0.542). For the early and late complication in the HR group, there is no significant difference whether M.M.C. is used 2.5 or 5 minutes. In the LR group, there is a significant difference for hypothalamy (p = 0.035) and @entity1713 (p = 0.027). In this LR group, there is no significant difference in the late complications. CONCLUSIONS: A 0.2 mg/ml solution of M.M.C., when indicated, may be used as well in the HR and LR group during 2'30". In the HR group, if there are several risk factors, we propose to adapt the application time between 2.5 and 5 minutes, and increase it by 1/2 or 1 minute for each risk factor.

title: [Comparative study of administration time of XXXX in trabeculectomy: 2.5 or 5 minutes?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide basic pharmacodynamic information for key antibiotics used to treat @entity3069 and @entity3069 xenopi @entity358 . METHODS: @entity3069 hominissuis IWGMT49 and M. xenopi ATCC 19250 type strains were used; the MICs of @entity4581 , @entity4509 and @entity3477 were determined by broth microdilution. Time-kill assays were performed, exposing bacteria to 2-fold concentrations from 0.062* to 32* the MIC at 37  C for 240 h for @entity3069 or 42 days for M. xenopi. The sigmoid maximum effect (Emax) model was fitted to the time-kill curve data. RESULTS: Maximum killing of @entity3069 by @entity4509 was obtained between 24 and 120 h (0.0180 h(-1)) and was faster and higher than with @entity4581 (0.0109 h(-1)); however, regrowth and @entity4509 -resistant mutants were observed. Killing rates for M. xenopi were higher, 0.1533 h(-1) for @entity4581 and 0.1385 h(-1) for @entity3477 , yet required 42 days. There were no significant differences between the Hill's slopes determined for all of the antibiotics tested against @entity3069 or M. xenopi (P=0.9663 and P=0.0844, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The killing effect of @entity4509 and @entity4581 on @entity3069 hominissuis was low, although @entity4509 activity was higher than that of @entity4581 , supporting its role in a combined therapy. @entity4581 and @entity3477 may have similar activity within treatment regimens for M. xenopi disease. Future studies of in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions are needed to improve the current regimens to treat these two important slowly growing mycobacteria in @entity358 .

title: Time-kill kinetics of slowly growing mycobacteria common in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['Clarithromycin', 'clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium', 'M. avium', 'M. avium subspecies', 'Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary disease']


abstract: We describe the use of two in vitro tests to characterize plasma antioxidant capacity at the time of cardiac bypass in operations for @entity299 in 30 @entity1 aged 3 days to 16 years (average 4.4 +/- 0.9 years [standard error]). Bypass and crossclamp time, circuit volume, and type of operation were recorded for each @entity1 . First, a test of plasma radical antioxidant power measured chain breaking (secondary) antioxidant capacity of plasma to prevent oxidation of @entity4722 in vitro. Second, overall ability of plasma to prevent lipid peroxidation was assessed by a classic test of plasma inhibition of @entity1234 formation in a beef brain homogenate. Plasma total radical antioxidant power level at baseline was 0.74 +/- 0.03 mumol/ml plasma, which decreased to 0.15 +/- 0.05 mumol/ml plasma after bypass (p < 0.001) and 0.26 +/- 0.08 mumol/ml plasma with recovery (n = 18, p < 0.001). Analysis of variance of postbypass total radical antioxidant power value showed age (p = 0.0002, r = 0.63) and bypass time (p = 0.009, r = 0.4677) to be significant factors. Pump prime volume in milliliters per kilogram and preoperative hemoglobin value were not significant factors. Beef brain @entity1234 formation in vitro was limited 92% +/- 3% by normal plasma before operation versus 53% +/- 5% after operation (p < 0.001) and 51% +/- 5% at recovery after arrival in the pediatric intensive care unit (p < 0.001). Analysis of variance of the changes from before to after operation showed age p = 0.0015, r = 0.55) and bypass time (p = 0.033, r = 0.39) to be significant factors. Thus antioxidant capacity of plasma is significantly diminished after cardiopulmonary bypass in @entity1 . Young @entity1 age and long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass are identified as factors that correlate positively with depletion of antioxidant capacity with bypass.

title: Plasma antioxidant depletion after cardiopulmonary bypass in operations for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Evidence based on ultrastructure and immunocytochemical staining suggests that morphological gradations between epithelial and myoepithelial cells, and possibly between epithelial and alveolar-like cells, can occur in terminal ductal structures of @entity35 and @entity1 mammary glands. In @entity5 the benign, carcinogen-induced @entity35 and benign, @entity1 mammary @entity5 can contain epithelial, @entity133 , whereas their malignant counterparts mainly contain only epithelial-like cells. Clonal epithelial cell lines from normal @entity35 mammary glands, from @entity5 and from SV40-transformed @entity1 mammary cultures can differentiate to either @entity133 . In those of the @entity35 , the differentiation processes occur in steps, intermediate cells along the myoepithelial-like pathway resemble the morphological intermediates in the terminal ductal structures in vivo. Changes in specific polypeptides characterize each of the intermediate cells in vitro. One of the earliest increases observed in the myoepithelial-like pathway in vitro is that due to a novel protein @entity73216 , whereas the major increases in @entity18715 and the basement membrane proteins laminin and type IV collagen occur at later steps. The @entity377 sequence of the gene for @entity73216 is related to that of the small, regulatory @entity460 -binding proteins, and antibodies raised to synthetic fragments of its predicted @entity535 sequence react with only myoepithelial cells within the @entity35 mammary parenchyma. Increases in the production of @entity73216 and @entity18715 are largely due to increases in their messenger RNAs, possibly arising at the level of transcription of the DNA, whereas the increases in production of laminin and type IV collagen occur at a post-transcriptional level. The normal transcriptional promoter sequences of TATA or CAAT are not found adjacent to the genes for @entity73216 or @entity18715 . Cells and cell lines from malignant @entity35 mammary @entity5 of increasing metastatic potential and from malignant areas of @entity1 @entity513 largely fail to yield fully differentiated @entity133 in culture; however, weakly metastasizing @entity35 cells yield variants which may retain a vestige of the myoepithelial phenotype. It is suggested that novel regulatory transcriptional element(s) may control the production of some of the proteins along the normal myoepithelial-like pathway, and that these elements may be relatively unique in their capacity to become inoperative in the @entity0 cell.

title: Stem cells in mammary gland differentiation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['malignant breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'tumours', 'benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['myoepithelial-like and alveolar-like cells', 'myoepithelial-like or alveolar-like cells']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 of both sexes, who, because of @entity731 , were treated with @entity3413 (40 mg daily), @entity3724 (200 mg daily), or @entity3413 plus @entity3724 . Monocyte release of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity3691 ( @entity6334 ) were assessed separately for @entity1 and @entity1 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity2842 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity6334 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity3413 , @entity3724 , and @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity310 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity3413 and @entity3724 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity32 did not differ between the @entity1 and @entity1 . The effect of @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity650 and @entity2842 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity3413 administered together with @entity3724 on @entity310 , @entity1356 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity1 than in the @entity1 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity3413 / / @entity3724 combination therapy in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity731 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in @entity1 and @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenic dyslipidaemia']

entities_list: @entity3691 :: ('MESH:D005230', 'Chemical') :: ['free fatty acids']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 of both sexes, who, because of @entity731 , were treated with @entity3413 (40 mg daily), @entity3724 (200 mg daily), or @entity3413 plus @entity3724 . Monocyte release of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity3691 ( @entity6334 ) were assessed separately for @entity1 and @entity1 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity2842 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity6334 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity3413 , @entity3724 , and @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity310 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity3413 and @entity3724 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity32 did not differ between the @entity1 and @entity1 . The effect of @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity650 and @entity2842 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity3413 administered together with @entity3724 on @entity310 , @entity1356 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity1 than in the @entity1 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity3413 / / @entity3724 combination therapy in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity731 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 of both sexes, who, because of @entity731 , were treated with @entity3413 (40 mg daily), @entity3724 (200 mg daily), or @entity3413 plus @entity3724 . Monocyte release of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity3691 ( @entity6334 ) were assessed separately for @entity1 and @entity1 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity2842 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity6334 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity3413 , @entity3724 , and @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity310 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity3413 and @entity3724 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity32 did not differ between the @entity1 and @entity1 . The effect of @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity650 and @entity2842 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity3413 administered together with @entity3724 on @entity310 , @entity1356 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity1 than in the @entity1 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity3413 / / @entity3724 combination therapy in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity731 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in XXXX and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 of both sexes, who, because of @entity731 , were treated with @entity3413 (40 mg daily), @entity3724 (200 mg daily), or @entity3413 plus @entity3724 . Monocyte release of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity3691 ( @entity6334 ) were assessed separately for @entity1 and @entity1 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity2842 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity6334 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity3413 , @entity3724 , and @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity310 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity650 , and @entity2842 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity3413 and @entity3724 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity32 did not differ between the @entity1 and @entity1 . The effect of @entity3413 / @entity3724 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity650 and @entity2842 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity3413 administered together with @entity3724 on @entity310 , @entity1356 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity1 than in the @entity1 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity3413 / / @entity3724 combination therapy in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity731 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in @entity1 and XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The importance of vagal efferent signaling for the insulinotropic and glucagonostatic effects of @entity6757 was investigated in a randomized single-blinded study. Healthy male @entity1 (n=10) received @entity3897 to block vagal cholinergic transmission or saline infusions on separate occasions. At t=15min, plasma @entity413 was clamped at 6mmol/L. @entity6757 was infused at a low dose (0.3pmol/kg/min) from t = 45-95min and at a higher dose(1 pmol/kg/min) from t = 95-145 min. @entity3897 blocked muscarinic, cholinergic transmission, as evidenced by an increase in heart rate (peak: 70  2(saline) vs. 90  2( @entity3897 ) beats/min, P<0.002) and suppression of pancreatic polypeptide levels (area under the curve during the @entity6757 infusions (AUC45-145): 492  85(saline) vs. 247  59( @entity3897 ) pmol/L*min,P<0.0001). More @entity413 was needed to maintain the clamp during the high-dose @entity6757 infusion steady state period on the @entity3897 day (6.4  0.9(saline) vs. 8.7  0.8( @entity3897 ) mg/kg/min,P<0.0023). @entity6757 dose-dependently increased insulin secretion on both days. The insulinotropic effect of @entity6757 was not impaired by @entity3897 (C-peptide AUCs45-145: 99  8(saline) vs. 113  13( @entity3897 ) nmol/L*min,P=0.19). @entity3897 suppressed glucagon levels additively with @entity6757 (AUC45-145:469  70(saline) vs. 265  50( @entity3897 ) pmol/L*min,P=0.018) - resulting in @entity4053 when infusions were suspended (3.6  0.2(saline) vs. 2.7  0.2( @entity3897 ) mmol/L, P<0.0001). To ascertain whether @entity3897 could independently suppress glucagon levels, control experiments (n=5) were carried out without @entity6757 infusions (AUC45-145: 558  103(saline) vs. 382  76( @entity3897 ) pmol/L*min,P=0.06). Our results suggest that efferent muscarinic activity is not required for the insulinotropic effect of exogenous @entity6757 but that blocking efferent muscarinic activity independently suppresses glucagon secretion. In combination, @entity6757 and muscarinic blockade strongly affects @entity413 turnover.

title: The Role of Efferent Cholinergic Transmission for the Insulinotropic and Glucagonostatic Effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6757 :: (100125288,Gene) :: ['GLP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are known to interfere with @entity1255 metabolism. @entity3562 may be a risk factor associated in the long-term treatment with @entity734 . Both ge.netic and non-genetic factors are responsible for @entity3562 . @entity9769 @entity9770 polymorphism leads to the reduction in enzyme activity and subsequent elevation of plasma @entity1255 . This study aimed to investigate the role of @entity9769 @entity9770 polymorphism in @entity302 @entity1 receiving @entity734 as monotherapy ( @entity3174 , @entity2049 , and @entity1092 ) and showing @entity137 and non- @entity137 , and the impact of @entity734 on @entity3562 in North Indian population. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Blood samples for this case-control study were collected from the outpatient depart.ment and wards of the Department of Neurosciences at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between July 2008 and May 2010. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this study, 200 @entity302 @entity1 and 100 normal controls were assessed for total @entity1255 (tHcy), @entity2186 , and @entity1501 levels using enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method (ImmuliteR, 1000 systems, DPC, United States); genotyping of @entity9769 @entity9770 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in tHcy levels in @entity302 @entity1 with @entity137 and non- @entity137 than in normal controls (P < .005). The allelic and genotypic distributions were found to be statistically significant in @entity137 and non- @entity137 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The result confirmed that @entity3562 is common in adults receiving AED treatment for @entity302 with @entity137 and non- @entity137 groups. This increase in tHcy is mainly related to low @entity1501 and vita.min B12 levels, which are the main determinants for tHcy.

title: Impact of @entity9769 ( @entity9770 ) gene polymorphism on antiepileptic drug monotherapy in North Indian XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'Antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are known to interfere with @entity1255 metabolism. @entity3562 may be a risk factor associated in the long-term treatment with @entity734 . Both ge.netic and non-genetic factors are responsible for @entity3562 . @entity9769 @entity9770 polymorphism leads to the reduction in enzyme activity and subsequent elevation of plasma @entity1255 . This study aimed to investigate the role of @entity9769 @entity9770 polymorphism in @entity302 @entity1 receiving @entity734 as monotherapy ( @entity3174 , @entity2049 , and @entity1092 ) and showing @entity137 and non- @entity137 , and the impact of @entity734 on @entity3562 in North Indian population. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Blood samples for this case-control study were collected from the outpatient depart.ment and wards of the Department of Neurosciences at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between July 2008 and May 2010. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this study, 200 @entity302 @entity1 and 100 normal controls were assessed for total @entity1255 (tHcy), @entity2186 , and @entity1501 levels using enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method (ImmuliteR, 1000 systems, DPC, United States); genotyping of @entity9769 @entity9770 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in tHcy levels in @entity302 @entity1 with @entity137 and non- @entity137 than in normal controls (P < .005). The allelic and genotypic distributions were found to be statistically significant in @entity137 and non- @entity137 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The result confirmed that @entity3562 is common in adults receiving AED treatment for @entity302 with @entity137 and non- @entity137 groups. This increase in tHcy is mainly related to low @entity1501 and vita.min B12 levels, which are the main determinants for tHcy.

title: Impact of XXXX ( @entity9770 ) gene polymorphism on antiepileptic drug monotherapy in North Indian @entity302 population.

answer: @entity9769 :: (4524,Gene) :: ['MTHFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are known to interfere with @entity1255 metabolism. @entity3562 may be a risk factor associated in the long-term treatment with @entity734 . Both ge.netic and non-genetic factors are responsible for @entity3562 . @entity9769 @entity9770 polymorphism leads to the reduction in enzyme activity and subsequent elevation of plasma @entity1255 . This study aimed to investigate the role of @entity9769 @entity9770 polymorphism in @entity302 @entity1 receiving @entity734 as monotherapy ( @entity3174 , @entity2049 , and @entity1092 ) and showing @entity137 and non- @entity137 , and the impact of @entity734 on @entity3562 in North Indian population. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Blood samples for this case-control study were collected from the outpatient depart.ment and wards of the Department of Neurosciences at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between July 2008 and May 2010. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this study, 200 @entity302 @entity1 and 100 normal controls were assessed for total @entity1255 (tHcy), @entity2186 , and @entity1501 levels using enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method (ImmuliteR, 1000 systems, DPC, United States); genotyping of @entity9769 @entity9770 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in tHcy levels in @entity302 @entity1 with @entity137 and non- @entity137 than in normal controls (P < .005). The allelic and genotypic distributions were found to be statistically significant in @entity137 and non- @entity137 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The result confirmed that @entity3562 is common in adults receiving AED treatment for @entity302 with @entity137 and non- @entity137 groups. This increase in tHcy is mainly related to low @entity1501 and vita.min B12 levels, which are the main determinants for tHcy.

title: Impact of @entity9769 ( XXXX ) gene polymorphism on antiepileptic drug monotherapy in North Indian @entity302 population.

answer: @entity9770 :: (c|SUB|C|677|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C677T']


abstract: We aim to quantify and relate the dominant dynamic factors of @entity1176 signals and of the resultant patterns of LH release from pituitary cells. Using perifused @entity742 cells we have already shown that rising edges of @entity1176 pulses are major effectors of LH release and that a longer absence of signal between pulses improves response. This study reports the effects on LH release dynamics of continuous levels of @entity1176 with superimposed pulses and of slowing the important rising edge of the @entity1176 pulses. Low baseline @entity1176 perifusions at physiological levels (5-60 pM) reduced the response to hourly pulses of 850 pM @entity1176 . Continuous @entity1176 (420 pM), which initially yielded maximal LH release followed by desensitization, prevented extra stimulation by pulses of equal concentration, but 10-fold higher pulses gave additional LH output. After desensitization an hour's respite from stimulation resensitized cells to 420 pM pulses. Whereas continuous stimulation of cells with @entity1176 even at the very low level of 5-10 pM [ED50 = 58 +/- 6 (SE) pM] produced desensitization in 10-15 min, slowly rising @entity1176 (0.56-14 pM/min) caused increasing LH output with time. However, in comparison with square wave pulses, stimulatory signals consisting of slowly rising concentrations of @entity1176 produced peaks characterized by less total LH output and a changed shape. This was consistent with desensitization at low concentrations of @entity1176 reducing response to later increases in the level of stimulation. The mechanism for detecting @entity1176 signals and/or the mechanisms controlling release of LH were desensitized to constant @entity1176 at any concentration but retained a reduced sensitivity, or developed an additional release capacity, to increased levels of @entity1176 . Properties of four distinct types of LH release dynamics were described quantitatively and were shown to be controlled by different time constants in the @entity1176 pulse stimulation patterns.

title: Dynamic characteristics of luteinizing hormone release from perifused XXXX anterior pituitary cells stimulated by combined pulsatile and continuous gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']