abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors previously identified plasma @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) level as a quantitative @entity651 biomarker in @entity813 ( @entity813 ). They hypothesized that plasma levels of @entity2289 used as a quantitative trait could facilitate discovery of genetic loci important in @entity813 pathogenesis. A two-stage cohort study was performed. In stage 1, they tested associations of loci with @entity2289 plasma level using linear modeling. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina CVD Bead Chip v2. Loci meeting a p < 5   *   10(-4) cutoff were carried forward and tested in stage 2 for association with @entity813 . Two hundred ninety-seven enrollees were evaluated in stage 1. Six loci, associated with @entity2289 , were carried forward to stage 2 and evaluated in 728 @entity1 . @entity72351 ( @entity52249 [ @entity52249 ]) was significantly associated with @entity813 (p   =   0.006). The increased risk of @entity813 for carrying at least one copy of this variant was 11.7% (95% confidence interval 4.9-18.5%). The false-positive rate for individuals with this genotype who did not have @entity813 was 6.1%. Variants in the @entity52249 gene are associated with higher circulating @entity2289 plasma levels and validate for association with clinical @entity813 . A protein quantitative trait analysis for @entity813 risk prioritizes genetic variations in @entity52249 and supports a role for Toll-like receptors in @entity813 pathogenesis.

title: Protein Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis Identifies Genetic Variation in the Innate Immune Regulator XXXX in Post-Lung Transplant Primary Graft Dysfunction Risk.

entities_list: @entity52249 :: ('54472', 'Gene') :: ['TOLLIP', 'Toll interacting protein']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft dysfunction', 'PGD']

answer: @entity52249 :: (54472,Gene) :: ['TOLLIP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prenatal @entity519 (PH) is one of the most common stresses on fetuses, and might lead to abnormal brain development. This work investigates whether PH affects behavioral development of the learning/memory ability in the adolescent offspring @entity35 and the underlying molecular basis in the brain. In this study, pregnant @entity35 used to generate PH offspring were treated with @entity519 (10.5% @entity26 ) from gestational day 4 to 21. Brain weights of either the fetuses or the 6-week old offspring in the PH group were found to be significantly lower compared with the control group. Morris water maze tests showed longer escape latency and swimming distance during navigation testing in the PH offspring; Retention tests demonstrated less frequency of crossing target areas indicating @entity73 in the PH offspring. The expressions of subunits of @entity3391 receptors (NMDARs), @entity4474 / @entity4474 , @entity4476 / @entity4476 , and @entity4319 / @entity4319 , were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of adolescent offspring in the PH group. @entity6035 as well as active form of b-catenin protein were also significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of early response gene, @entity50589 , was significantly reduced. The results above provide new evidence that PH might result in the spatial acquisition and @entity51 in the adolescent offspring, associated with dysregulation of NMDARs-Wnt-Catenin signaling in the hippocampus. This study result deepens the knowledge of the long-term influence of prenatal insults on the neuro-behavioral development.

title: Hippocampal NMDAR-Wnt-Catenin signaling disrupted with @entity73 in adolescent offspring exposed to prenatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired learning and memory ability']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['retrieval deficits']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prenatal @entity519 (PH) is one of the most common stresses on fetuses, and might lead to abnormal brain development. This work investigates whether PH affects behavioral development of the learning/memory ability in the adolescent offspring @entity35 and the underlying molecular basis in the brain. In this study, pregnant @entity35 used to generate PH offspring were treated with @entity519 (10.5% @entity26 ) from gestational day 4 to 21. Brain weights of either the fetuses or the 6-week old offspring in the PH group were found to be significantly lower compared with the control group. Morris water maze tests showed longer escape latency and swimming distance during navigation testing in the PH offspring; Retention tests demonstrated less frequency of crossing target areas indicating @entity73 in the PH offspring. The expressions of subunits of @entity3391 receptors (NMDARs), @entity4474 / @entity4474 , @entity4476 / @entity4476 , and @entity4319 / @entity4319 , were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of adolescent offspring in the PH group. @entity6035 as well as active form of b-catenin protein were also significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of early response gene, @entity50589 , was significantly reduced. The results above provide new evidence that PH might result in the spatial acquisition and @entity51 in the adolescent offspring, associated with dysregulation of NMDARs-Wnt-Catenin signaling in the hippocampus. This study result deepens the knowledge of the long-term influence of prenatal insults on the neuro-behavioral development.

title: Hippocampal NMDAR-Wnt-Catenin signaling disrupted with XXXX in adolescent offspring exposed to prenatal @entity519 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deficits']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effect of @entity353 induced by bariatric surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention on levels of circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations pre- and 12 months post-intervention in 136 subjects with @entity5845 participating in a controlled clinical trial comparing the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention vs. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. At baseline median (interquartile range) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels were 2.40 (1.28-3.95) ng/L in the bariatric surgery group and 2.35 (1.38-4.40) ng/L in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (p   =   0.736). The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentration in a normal-weight control group was 0.90 (0.60-2.13) ng/L. During 12 months of follow-up, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I decreased significantly more in the bariatric surgery group than in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (0.80 (0-1.80) vs. 0.15 (-0.50 to 1.00) ng/L; p   =   0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, surgery emerged as a predictor of reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels (odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence intervals 1.03-5.22; p   =   0.041) independent of age, gender and other possible confounding baseline variables. In subsequent multivariate analyses, reductions in body weight and @entity1674 emerged as possible mediators of reduction in circulating levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5845 , bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly greater reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, an index of subclinical @entity296 , than intensive lifestyle intervention. The reduction appeared to be mediated by reductions in body weight and serum @entity1674 . This suggests that @entity353 following bariatric surgery may reduce cardiometabolic stress and subsequent risk of @entity712 .

title: Effect of @entity353 on subclinical XXXX : A clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial injury']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effect of @entity353 induced by bariatric surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention on levels of circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations pre- and 12 months post-intervention in 136 subjects with @entity5845 participating in a controlled clinical trial comparing the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention vs. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. At baseline median (interquartile range) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels were 2.40 (1.28-3.95) ng/L in the bariatric surgery group and 2.35 (1.38-4.40) ng/L in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (p   =   0.736). The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentration in a normal-weight control group was 0.90 (0.60-2.13) ng/L. During 12 months of follow-up, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I decreased significantly more in the bariatric surgery group than in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (0.80 (0-1.80) vs. 0.15 (-0.50 to 1.00) ng/L; p   =   0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, surgery emerged as a predictor of reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels (odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence intervals 1.03-5.22; p   =   0.041) independent of age, gender and other possible confounding baseline variables. In subsequent multivariate analyses, reductions in body weight and @entity1674 emerged as possible mediators of reduction in circulating levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5845 , bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly greater reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, an index of subclinical @entity296 , than intensive lifestyle intervention. The reduction appeared to be mediated by reductions in body weight and serum @entity1674 . This suggests that @entity353 following bariatric surgery may reduce cardiometabolic stress and subsequent risk of @entity712 .

title: Effect of XXXX on subclinical @entity296 : A clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention.

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: In contrast to the majority of outcome data, many consider C1 @entity174 to be benign injuries and so have advocated for conservative management, except in the case of concomitant transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) injury where C1-C2 or occiput-C2 fusions are recommended. PURPOSE: Our goal was to evaluate a series of unstable C1 @entity174 treated with C1 open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes by determining the success of reduction and @entity158 relief. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a retrospective cohort review. @entity1 SAMPLE: The sample includes adult @entity1 with unstable C1 @entity174 treated with open reduction and primary internal fixation. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures included visual analog @entity158 scale (VAS), radiographic reduction (lateral mass displacement), maintenance of reduction, C1-C2 instability, and complications. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 with C1 @entity174 between September 2002 and September 2013 identified 12 consecutive @entity1 from a level I @entity130 center who were treated with primary internal fixation without fusion. Electronic medical records and preoperative and postoperative radiographs were reviewed. The surgical technique consisted of a posterior cervical approach to the C1 arch and open reduction using bilateral C1 lateral mass screws connected transversely with a rod. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography scans were used to assess reduction. Long-term follow-up flexion and extension radiographs were used to assess C1-C2 stability. The authors did not receive relevant funding in relation to this research. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 underwent C1 ORIF, with a mean age of 43 (9 males and 3 females) and a mean follow-up of 17 months. Transverse atlantal ligament was found to be disrupted with type I or @entity130 in 11 of the 12 @entity1 : 5 type I and 6 type II. Preoperative lateral mass displacement averaged 7.1   mm, with postoperative displacement after reduction averaging 2.4   mm (p-value <.001). The VAS score averaged 0.7 at latest follow-up. No @entity1 went on to develop C1-C2 instability on final flexion-extension films. No @entity1 had a complication that resulted in neurologic @entity1317 associated with the procedure. No @entity1 were found to have late sequelae of malunion or loss of reduction. Two surgically related complications occurred, namely one @entity1 with errant screw requiring return to the operating room (OR) and one with @entity4040 of the occipital-C1 joint. CONCLUSIONS: Although a small series, early evidence suggests that @entity1 with unstable C1 ring @entity174 can be successfully managed with primary ORIF. Open reduction and internal fixation results in a stable construct that maintains reduction, results in excellent @entity158 control, and does not lead to C1-C2 instability. In our series, we have not observed the presence of TAL injury to adversely affect outcomes, and thus do not believe it is a contraindication to ORIF. Comparative studies comparing internal fixation with non-operative, C1-C2, or occiput-C2 fusions would yield more insight into optimal treatment options for these @entity174 .

title: A retrospective review of fixation of C1 ring XXXX -does the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) really matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['deficit or vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type II injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The California Public Employees Retirement System (CalPERS) Health Matters program is a randomized controlled trial of a community-based @entity15285 program operating in Sacramento, California, since January 2001. It is modeled after the Health Enhancement Program and Senior Wellness Program of Seattle, Washington. Like the Health Enhancement Program, this program incorporates a menu of disability-prevention strategies, with @entity15285 , @entity1 education on the self-management of @entity102 , and @entity410 forming the program's core. Unlike the Health Enhancement Program, the Health Matters program focuses as much attention on linking @entity1 to existing community, health plan, and self-directed programming as it does encouraging them to participate in programming developed especially for the project. All @entity1 and controls continue to receive their usual medical care from their managed care providers. Eligibility criteria for the program include having one or more qualifying chronic health conditions, being aged 65 and older, being a member of a participating health plan, and being accepted into CalPERS' Long Term Care Insurance Program. Baseline exclusions include being cognitively impaired or qualifying for long-term care insurance benefits due to deficiencies in two or more activities of daily living. The project has been successful in its enrollment strategy. It has also been successful in recruiting @entity1 into project-sponsored, community-based, and self-directed disability-prevention programming. This is particularly true for programming related to diet, exercise, and various aspects of disease management.

title: Preventing disability through community-based XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15285 :: ('MESH:C536430', 'Disease') :: ['health coaching']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity15285 :: (MESH:C536430,Disease) :: ['health coaching']


abstract: Soluble antibodies against the T3/antigen receptor complex alone are not sufficient to induce proliferation and @entity1199 expression by T lymphocytes. An additional requirement is the presence of accessory cells (AC). In this model, AC provide at least two functions required for T cell activation: 1) the surface interaction of T3 antibodies with Fc receptors on the AC surface and 2) the production of soluble mediators such as @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ). In the experiments reported here, these stimuli are represented by T3 antibodies immobilized onto Sepharose beads and by recombinant @entity1192 . In this study we investigated differences in activation requirements in resting and activated T cells. Resting T cells were represented by AC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or the T cell line Jurkat, which phenotypically resembles a resting T cell. @entity3457 cells were represented by T cell clones and the T cell line HUT 78, which express the activation molecules Ia and the @entity3647 (Tac). In resting cells, activation required the presence of three different signals: perturbation of the T3/antigen receptor complex by T3 antibodies, surface redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes, and presence of @entity1192 . In contrast, activated T cells require only perturbation and redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes and not @entity1192 for the induction of proliferation or @entity1199 production. Possible mechanisms of intracellular signaling for these stimuli are discussed.

title: T cell activation: differences in the signals required for XXXX production by nonactivated and activated T cells.

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Activated T']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL 2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is a chronic @entity16 affecting more than 69 million @entity1 worldwide, nearly 90% of them in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In those countries, only four major antiepileptic drugs are commonly used: @entity109 , @entity2049 , @entity1092 and @entity3174 . There are also problems with the accessibility, availability and quality of drugs. The main objective was to review the literature concerning "long" sustained-release formulations of AEDs that have the potential to reduce the number of administrations and help overcome problems of compliance, accessibility and the treatment gap. The main endpoint was a releasing of the active ingredient over more than 24h. We also assessed the feasibility and acceptability in resource-limited settings. Two drugs were found in unconventional release formulations: @entity2049 and @entity1092 ; but they were not "long" sustained release because they required administration once a day. Several techniques were available, including: esterification, transdermal devices, liposomes and polymeric devices preformed or formed in situ. In situ methods for the preparation of injectable biodegradable microparticles or implants for controlled delivery seemed best suited to the objective. Furthermore, they appear to fulfil the requirements of feasibility and cost. @entity1092 appeared as well to be a relevant candidate for a "long" sustained release formulation that would improve access to medicines for @entity1 with @entity302 in resource-limited settings. .

title: How to reduce the treatment gap for @entity1 with XXXX in resource-limited settings by innovative galenic formulations: A review of the current situation, overview of potential techniques, interests and limits.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate', 'Sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is a chronic @entity16 affecting more than 69 million @entity1 worldwide, nearly 90% of them in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In those countries, only four major antiepileptic drugs are commonly used: @entity109 , @entity2049 , @entity1092 and @entity3174 . There are also problems with the accessibility, availability and quality of drugs. The main objective was to review the literature concerning "long" sustained-release formulations of AEDs that have the potential to reduce the number of administrations and help overcome problems of compliance, accessibility and the treatment gap. The main endpoint was a releasing of the active ingredient over more than 24h. We also assessed the feasibility and acceptability in resource-limited settings. Two drugs were found in unconventional release formulations: @entity2049 and @entity1092 ; but they were not "long" sustained release because they required administration once a day. Several techniques were available, including: esterification, transdermal devices, liposomes and polymeric devices preformed or formed in situ. In situ methods for the preparation of injectable biodegradable microparticles or implants for controlled delivery seemed best suited to the objective. Furthermore, they appear to fulfil the requirements of feasibility and cost. @entity1092 appeared as well to be a relevant candidate for a "long" sustained release formulation that would improve access to medicines for @entity1 with @entity302 in resource-limited settings. .

title: How to reduce the treatment gap for XXXX with @entity302 in resource-limited settings by innovative galenic formulations: A review of the current situation, overview of potential techniques, interests and limits.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity75 causing peduncular @entity146 (PH) produce vivid @entity1833 occasionally accompanied by @entity25 . Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and @entity1949 sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 developed @entity1833 with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute @entity385 . @entity1949 @entity146 (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this @entity1 compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the @entity1 . Focal damage to the rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in @entity1 , suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.

title: Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular @entity146 with XXXX @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinosis', 'sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brainstem lesions']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations', 'abrupt-onset complex visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['REM']


abstract: @entity75 causing peduncular @entity146 (PH) produce vivid @entity1833 occasionally accompanied by @entity25 . Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and @entity1949 sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 developed @entity1833 with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute @entity385 . @entity1949 @entity146 (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this @entity1 compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the @entity1 . Focal damage to the rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in @entity1 , suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.

title: Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular XXXX with @entity1949 @entity146 .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['hallucinosis']


abstract: @entity75 causing peduncular @entity146 (PH) produce vivid @entity1833 occasionally accompanied by @entity25 . Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and @entity1949 sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 developed @entity1833 with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute @entity385 . @entity1949 @entity146 (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this @entity1 compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the @entity1 . Focal damage to the rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in @entity1 , suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.

title: Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular @entity146 with @entity1949 XXXX .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sleep behavior disorder']


abstract: Outcome assessment after @entity3331 and periarticular @entity174 are not well described in the literature. This review focuses on outcome assessment, specifically surveying various scoring systems after knee @entity130 . Additionally, we include a report on a series of 637 @entity1 with @entity1230 that were re-examined at least 10 years after the inciting incident. The series includes 48 @entity1 with @entity130 isolated to the knees, and for comparison, 107 poly-traumatized @entity1 with @entity3330 and no other @entity130 . The outcomes were assessed utilizing the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity score, the Hannover Score for Polytrauma Outcome (HASPOC), and the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12). We calculated correlation coefficients to compare the general health questionnaires with the more specific knee scores. For the comparison of knee injured @entity1 with femoral shaft @entity174 @entity1 , we applied the Wilcoxon test. With respect to the Tegner activity score, we observed deterioration from a mean preoperative score of 5.0, to 2.8 points at follow up. The mean Lysholm score was 81.97, ranging from 15 to 100 points. However, there was no correlation between results obtained from the Lysholm score with the results of the general health questionnaires. Although not statistically significant, the general health questionnaires (HASPOC and SF-12) trended towards a less favourable outcome for polytraumatized @entity1 who sustained a @entity3331 in comparison to those with a femoral shaft @entity174 . In conclusion, the outcomes of @entity3331 in poly-traumatized @entity1 are rather heterogeneous, but generally are worse than in those with @entity130 that spare the knee joint.

title: Scoring systems for outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries', 'knee injury']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral diaphyseal fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['knee injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular response to acute @entity417 in @entity1 is thought to differ from that of other species. Studies of anesthetized @entity1 have found either no change or a @entity1168 . A previous study showed that in 32 healthy unmedicated @entity1 , heart rate increased during acute @entity417 . The hypothesis that heart rate in @entity1 increases in response to acute @entity417 and that the increase is affected by gender was tested. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Acute @entity417 to a Hb concentration of approximately 5 g per dL in 95 unmedicated healthy @entity1 was produced by simultaneous withdrawal of blood and IV replacement with 5-percent HSA and autologous platelet-rich plasma. The relationship between heart rate and Hb concentration was examined using a mixed-effects linear regression model that allowed each @entity1 to have a fitted line with its own slope and intercept. Cubic and quadratic terms were added to determine if these improved the goodness of fit. The effect of gender was tested by including it and its interactions with Hb in the mixed model. RESULTS: The relationship between heart rate and Hb concentration was linear (p < 0.001) and consistent among the population studied: heart rate = 116.0-4.0 [Hb] (slope 95% CI: -4.2 to -3.8 beats/min/g Hb). Adding a cubic or quadratic term did not significantly improve the goodness of fit of the mathematical expression to the data, confirming the linear nature of the relationship between heart rate and Hb concentration. For @entity1 , the slope of the heart rate response was significantly greater than it was for males (difference +/- SE: 0.70 +/- 0.23, p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: In 95 unmedicated, healthy @entity1 , heart rate was a linear function of Hb during acute @entity417 . Females had a significantly greater slope of increase in heart rate with decreasing Hb concentration than did males. The relationship is consistent among individuals, is similar to that reported for conscious @entity235 , and differs from that found previously in anesthetized @entity1 .

title: Heart rate increases linearly in response to acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['isovolemic anemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['isovolemic anemia']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first intercultural report of antimalarial plants in this region. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used against @entity311 by indigenous @entity1 in the Upper Rio Negro region and to review the literature on antimalarial activity and traditional use of the cited species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 observation, semi-structured interviews, and ethnobotanical walks were conducted with 89 informants in five indigenous communities between April 2010 and November 2013 to obtain information on the use of medicinal plants against @entity311 . We reviewed academic databases for papers published in scientific journals up to January 2014 in order to find works on ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and antimalarial activity of the species cited. RESULTS: Forty-six plant species belonging to 24 families are mentioned. Fabaceae (17.4%), Arecaceae (13.0%) and Euphorbiaceae (6.5%) account together for 36.9% of these species. Only seven plant species showed a relatively high consensus. Among the plant parts, barks (34.0%) and roots (28.0%) were the most widely used. Of the 46 species cited, 18 (39.1%) have already been studied for their antimalarial properties according to the literature, and 26 species (56.5%) have no laboratory essays on antimalarial activity. CONCLUSIONS: Local traditional knowledge of the use of antimalarials is still widespread in indigenous communities of the Upper Rio Negro, where 46 plants species used against @entity311 were recorded. Our studies highlight promising new plants for future studies: Glycidendron amazonicum, Heteropsis tenuispadix, Monopteryx uaucu, Phenakospermum guianensis, Pouteria ucuqui, Sagotia brachysepala and notably Aspidosperma schultesii, Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, Euterpe catinga, E. precatoria, Physalis angulata, Cocos nucifera and Swartzia argentea with high-use consensus. Experimental validation of these remedies may help in developing new drugs for @entity311 .

title: Antimalarial plants used by indigenous XXXX of the Upper Rio Negro in Amazonas, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participant', 'people']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The aim of the study - to evaluate the prognostic value of galectin-3 for cumulative survival in @entity1 with controlled @entity1893 . Eighty two out subjects with full or partial remission of @entity1893 were enrolled in the study. Observation period was up to 12 months. Blood samples for biomarkers measurements were collected. ELISA method for measurements of circulating level of @entity14813 and NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was used. Hemodynamic evaluation was performed by transthoracic echocardiography. Fifty five cumulative clinical events occurred in 21 @entity1 (25.6%) within the follow-up, with their distribution being as follows: 5 cardiovascular deaths, 24 @entity943 , 8 cardiac @entity63 events, 3 strokes, 9 chronic @entity712 and 6 hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons. Circulating levels of @entity14813 in subjects without and with cardiovascular events were 5.37 ng/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.90-7.85 ng/ml) and 13.97 ng/ml (95% CI=7.82-20.11 ng/ml) (P=0.03) respectively. The results of regression analysis showed directly related circulating @entity14813 with E/Em (r=0.45, P=0.045), T2DM (r=0.38, P=0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed independent predictive value of circulating @entity14813 for 12 months cumulative cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR]=1.11; 95% CI=1.05-1.25; P=0.005). In fact, @entity14813 , NT-pro-BNP, GFR, and LVEF remained statistically significant predictors for cumulative cardiovascular events, whereas T2DM, @entity101 , @entity28 did not. Increased circulating @entity14813 associates with increased 12 months cumulative cardiovascular events among @entity1 with documented @entity1893 .

title: GALECTIN-3 AS A PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN XXXX WITH NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: @entity177 and subsequent bacterial translocation have been implicated in the development of organ dysfunction and septic complications associated with severe @entity656 . Splanchnic hypoperfusion and @entity63 /reperfusion injury have been postulated as a cause of increased intestinal permeability. The urinary concentration of intestinal @entity844 binding protein ( @entity1630 ) has been shown to be a sensitive marker of @entity63 , with increased levels being associated with @entity63 /reperfusion. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between excretion of @entity1630 in urine, gut @entity33 (intestinal hyperpermeability and systemic exposure to @entity5694 ), and clinical severity. @entity1 with a clinical and biochemical diagnosis of @entity656 were studied within 72 hours of onset of @entity158 . @entity968 probes of 3350 kDa and 400 kDa were administered enterally, and the ratio of the percentage of retrieval of each probe after renal excretion was used as a measure of intestinal macromolecular permeability. Collected urine was also used to determine the @entity1630 concentration ( @entity1630 -c) and total @entity1630 ( @entity1630 ) excreted over the 24-hour period, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The systemic inflammatory response was estimated from peak 0 to 72-hour plasma @entity1851 levels, and systemic exposure to endotoxins was measured using serum IgM endotoxin cytoplasmic antibody (EndoCAb) levels. The severity of the attack was assessed on the basis of the Atlanta criteria. Sixty-one @entity1 with @entity656 (severe in 19) and 12 healthy control subjects were studied. Compared to mild attacks, severe attacks were associated with significantly higher urinary @entity1630 -c (median 1092 pg/ml vs. 84 pg/ml; P < 0.001) and @entity1630 (median 1.14 microg vs. 0.21 microg; P = 0.003). Furthermore, the control group had significantly lower @entity1630 -c (median 37 pg/ml; P = 0.029) and @entity1630 (median 0.06 microg; P = 0.005) than @entity1 with mild attacks. @entity1630 correlated positively with the @entity968 3350 percentage retrieval (r = 0.50; P < 0.001), CRP (r = 0.51; P < 0.001), and inversely with serum IgM EndoCAb levels (r = -0.32; P = 0.02). The results of this study support the hypothesis that splanchnic hypoperfusion contributes to the loss of intestinal mucosal integrity associated with a severe attack of @entity788 .

title: Intestinal hypoperfusion contributes to gut barrier failure in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal barrier failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal barrier failure']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene glycol', 'polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2178 adversely affects endothelial function and NO availability. We analyzed the effect of @entity1129 (1) receptor blockade on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and basal @entity842 (NO) production and release in @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (53 +/- 10 years) with essential @entity101 were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind therapy with either @entity917 (80 mg), @entity918 ( @entity918 ) (25 mg), or placebo once daily. Basal NO production and release was assessed by measuring forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to intra-arterial infusion of @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), and endothelium-dependent vasodilation by measuring FBF in response to intra-arterial administration of @entity934 , respectively. Intra-arterial infusion of @entity1063 and @entity1854 was used to assess endothelium-independent changes in FBF. Blood pressure (BP) similarly decreased with active treatments (P < .001). After @entity917 treatment, the decrease of FBF in response to @entity7293 was augmented (4 micromol/min @entity7293 , -1.3 +/- 1.2 after v -0.5 +/- 1.1 mL/min/100 mL before therapy, P < .02; 8 micromol/min @entity7293 : -1.7 +/- 1.3 after v -1.1 +/- 1.2 mL/min 100 mL before therapy, P < .05). No improvement was found after placebo or @entity918 treatment. Changes in @entity7293 -induced decrease of FBF with @entity917 treatment were not related to BP changes. Neither drug substantially modified the response of FBF induced by intra-arterial infusion of @entity934 , @entity1063 , and @entity1854 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1129 (1) receptor blockade with @entity917 improved basal NO production and release. The effect seems to be BP independent, as BP reduction with @entity918 failed to increase NO availability.

title: Effect of AT1 receptor blockade on endothelial function in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['HCTZ', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the suitability of segmental mandibular sandwich osteotomy combined with an interpositional autograft to meet the dimensional requirements of preimplant bone augmentation in cases of a severely @entity3202 mandible. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 27 consecutive @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 ) were included in the present study. The amount of bone gain was calculated using digital volume tomography before surgery and 3 months after bone augmentation. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful for 18 @entity1 . @entity132 were observed in 6 @entity1 , with complete recovery after 3 to 12 weeks. Dehiscence of soft tissue closure occurred in 3 @entity1 . The mean vertical gain was 3.41 mm (range 0.3 to 12). The mean horizontal gain was 3.08 mm (range 0.2 to 8.5). A total of 88 implants were placed in 40 surgical sites at 12 weeks after bone reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Segmental mandibular sandwich osteotomy is a suitable augmentation procedure in the mandible for the @entity133 and provides adequate height and transversal bone augmentation.

title: Forty sandwich osteotomies in XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['Temporary sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic alveolar ridge']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic mandibles']


abstract: We identified @entity1 with @entity8693 from the medical records of the Massachusetts General Hospital and @entity1 's Hospital, Boston, and investigated their early feeding history. Between 1969 and 1983, forty @entity1 with the deficiency were seen at one or both hospitals. Clinical information was obtained from hospital records and from questionnaires mailed to the parents. Complete morbidity, mortality, and early feeding data were obtained for 32 of the @entity1 who were born at 38 to 42 weeks' gestation and whose weights were appropriate for gestational age. We compared the presence of severe @entity409 and the death rate of those who had been exclusively breast-fed for one month with those who had been bottle-fed. Severe @entity409 was present in eight (40%) of bottle-fed and one (8%) of breast-fed @entity1 . Twenty-four of the 32 @entity1 were still alive at the termination of the study; 12 had been breast-fed and 12 bottle-fed during their first month of life. All eight deceased @entity1 had been bottle-fed. The mortality rate in the bottle-fed group was significantly greater than that of the breast-fed group. Our study suggests that breast-feeding may offer some protection against severe @entity409 and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity8693 .

title: XXXX in @entity8693 . A retrospective analysis of the influence of early breast- vs bottle-feeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity8693 :: ('MESH:D019896', 'Disease') :: ['alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver disease']


abstract: We identified @entity1 with @entity8693 from the medical records of the Massachusetts General Hospital and @entity1 's Hospital, Boston, and investigated their early feeding history. Between 1969 and 1983, forty @entity1 with the deficiency were seen at one or both hospitals. Clinical information was obtained from hospital records and from questionnaires mailed to the parents. Complete morbidity, mortality, and early feeding data were obtained for 32 of the @entity1 who were born at 38 to 42 weeks' gestation and whose weights were appropriate for gestational age. We compared the presence of severe @entity409 and the death rate of those who had been exclusively breast-fed for one month with those who had been bottle-fed. Severe @entity409 was present in eight (40%) of bottle-fed and one (8%) of breast-fed @entity1 . Twenty-four of the 32 @entity1 were still alive at the termination of the study; 12 had been breast-fed and 12 bottle-fed during their first month of life. All eight deceased @entity1 had been bottle-fed. The mortality rate in the bottle-fed group was significantly greater than that of the breast-fed group. Our study suggests that breast-feeding may offer some protection against severe @entity409 and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity8693 .

title: @entity409 in XXXX . A retrospective analysis of the influence of early breast- vs bottle-feeding.

answer: @entity8693 :: (MESH:D019896,Disease) :: ['alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency']


abstract: We studied predictive factors with respect to angiogenesis and proliferative indices for early symptomatic recurrences in @entity1 with @entity816 ( @entity816 ). One hundred and eighteen @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity816 were divided into non-recurrent and early symptomatic recurrence groups to analyze clinicoradiological and immunohistopathological (n=33) parameters. @entity1 with @entity5 presented with symptoms for a mean duration of 10.2    9.1 months while those with recurrent @entity5 presented slightly earlier (6.9    4.5 months). @entity5 locations were the cerebellum (38.1%), optic chiasm (27.9%), supratentorial region (19.4%) and brainstem (9.3%). Recurrent @entity5 were mostly located in the cerebellum (44%) and brainstem (33%). Strong contrast enhancement was noted in 70 (59.3%) @entity5 , while 48 (40.7%) showed poor contrast. Resection was complete in 53% of @entity1 while near total excision was achieved for the remaining @entity1 . Cellularity and pleomorphism were similar in both groups. Extensive endothelial proliferation was observed in 18.1% of @entity1 while the remainder showed a focal pattern. Diffuse @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression was observed in 36.3% of @entity1 while 63.6% showed mild-to-moderate focal expression. Endothelial proliferation and @entity7 expression were more pronounced in @entity1 with @entity5 , but this was not statistically significant. MIB-I labeling indices were similar (1-5%) for both groups. Symptomatic recurrences were common in infratentorial PAs. Radiology, histopathology and proliferative indices did not offer any prognostic information. Angiogenesis markers such as endothelial proliferation and VEFG expression did not predict early symptomatic recurrence. Diffuse @entity7 expression and endothelial proliferation were observed in @entity5 that showed strong contrast enhancement.

title: Predictive factors for early symptomatic recurrence in XXXX : does angiogenesis have a role to play?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Common tumor', 'non-recurrent tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of prostate volume on @entity263 (CaP) detection in @entity1 who underwent repeated sextant transrectal ultrasound biopsy of the prostate. METHODS: Between September 1991 and September 2000, 4376 @entity1 underwent sextant transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate. Of the 4376 @entity1 , 556 underwent repeat biopsy because of persistent prostate-specific antigen elevation (greater than 4 ng/mL) and/or an abnormal digital rectal examination or suspicious pathologic findings. The percentage of CaP missed on the initial biopsy and detected on the repeat biopsy between arbitrary prostate volumes of less than 50 and 50 cm3 or greater and between less than 37.5 and 37.5 cm3 or greater, the median prostate volumes of @entity1 with CaP, were compared. @entity1 age, prostate-specific antigen level, digital rectal examination findings, and Gleason score in each volumetric cutoff group were also compared. RESULTS: CaP was detected in 22% of @entity1 who underwent a repeat biopsy. The percentage of CaP missed on the initial biopsy but subsequently detected on the repeat biopsy consistently increased as the volume increased. A statistically significant difference in the percentage of CaP not detected on the initial biopsy was found between prostate volumes of less than 50 and 50 cm3 or greater and between less than 37.5 and 37.5 cm3 or greater (P <0.05). No statistically significant difference in prostate-specific antigen, age, digital rectal examination, or Gleason score was found between each volumetric cutoff group. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of @entity1 are diagnosed with CaP after a repeat biopsy. We have demonstrated that the percentage of CaP missed on the initial biopsy and detected on the repeat biopsy increases as the prostate volume increases. The results of our study suggest that in @entity1 with large prostates, traditional sextant biopsies may not be adequate to detect CaP.

title: Influence of prostate volume in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the clinical value and role of uCyt+ as a noninvasive tool for the detection and surveillance of @entity189 . METHODS: Included in this prospective study were 235 @entity1 (mean age 71.5 years, range 32 to 86). Of these, 98 @entity1 had signs and symptoms suggestive of @entity150 and 137 @entity1 were being followed up after complete transurethral resection of superficial @entity5 ( @entity5 ). All @entity1 underwent urinary cytology and the uCyt+ test performed on ThinPrep (thin layer). All underwent subsequent cystoscopy and evaluation of any suspicious lesion by biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 had histologically proven @entity5 . In the group of @entity1 with signs and symptoms suspicious of @entity5 , the sensitivity of cytology increased from 5% for G1 to 84.6% for G3 @entity5 ; for uCyt+, it was 85% for G1, 100% for G2, and 92.3% for G3 @entity5 . Combining cytology and uCyt+, the sensitivity was 85% for @entity18403 . In the group of follow-up @entity1 , the sensitivity of cytology increased from 4.3% for G1 to 94.4% for G3 @entity5 ; for uCyt+, it was 78.2% for G1, 70% for G2, and 94.4% for G3 @entity5 . Combining both tests, the sensitivity was 78.2% for G1, 90% for G2, and 100% for G3. CONCLUSIONS: The uCyt+ is a valid test in the detection of @entity5 of all grades and stages. It improves the sensitivity of cytology in low-grade @entity5 . The two tests combined may be a highly sensitive method to detect @entity5 early in detection and surveillance.

title: Role of uCyt+ in the detection and surveillance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'tumors', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver metastases (LM) from @entity0 are generally considered as disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. However in selected @entity1 hepatectomy may be an important adjunct to systemic treatment. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity0 @entity1 (mean age 49.2 +/- 5.2 years) with LM as the sole site of metastatic disease (except for bone metastases in 3 @entity1 ) underwent hepatectomy between 1986 and 2000. The mean number of LM was 4.0 +/- 8. All @entity1 presented either a stable disease or an objective response to chemotherapy. The last 25 @entity1 also underwent hepatic artery catheter installation in order to receive postoperative hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). RESULTS: The postoperative morbidity was 12.9%. There was no postoperative mortality. R0 and R1-R2 resections were obtained in, respectively, 81.5% and 18.5% of @entity1 . After a median follow-up of 32 months the median survival was 34 +/- 9 months, with 3- and 5-year overall survival rates of 50% and 34%, and 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates of 42% and 22%, respectively. The number of LM, the presence of hilar lymph nodes (33%), and the completeness of resection had no significant prognostic impact. The only factor influencing survival in both the univariate and multivariate analysis was the hormone receptor status (P = 0.03): the relative risk of @entity204 was increased by 3.5-fold when negative. In the HAIC group, the liver recurrence rate decreased from 60.5% to 31.2% without any impact on global survival. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatectomy is beneficial for selected @entity1 with isolated LM. Indications should be based more on technical (low operative risk, probable R0 resection) than on oncologic criteria. The decision is simple for young @entity1 but more difficult for older @entity1 in whom a negative hormone receptor status appears to be a contraindication.

title: An attempt to clarify indications for hepatectomy for liver metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Angiogenesis is the growth of both new vascular and lymphatic blood vessels from the existing vasculature. During this process, blood endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) express specific markers, which help their discrimination and easier identification. Since the coronary thrombi material aspirated from @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) proved as good angiogenesis model, we investigated the expression of @entity2280 and @entity2279 as BECs markers, and D2-40, @entity14600 and @entity7802 as LEC markers in this material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aspirated thrombi were stained immunohistochemically for @entity2280 , @entity2279 , D2-40, @entity14600 and @entity7802 . Organizational patterns of immunopositive cells were graded as single cells, clusters or microvessels. Double immunofluorescence for @entity2279 , D2-40, @entity14600 and VEGRF3 was done. Thrombi were also graded as fresh (<1day old), lytic (1-5days old) and organized (>5days old). RESULTS: Serial sections of aspirated thrombi showed concordant BEC and LEC markers immunopositivity. Double immunoflorescence proved co-expression of @entity2279 and LEC markers on the same cells. Cells expressing LEC markers organized in clusters and microvessels were mainly present in lytic and organized thrombi. CONCLUSION: Co-expression of BEC and LEC markers on the same non-tumorous cell during thrombus neovascularization indicates existing in vivo plasticity of endothelial cells under non-tumorous pathological conditions. It also points that @entity2280 and @entity2279 on one hand, and D2-40, @entity14600 and @entity7802 immunostaining on the other hand, cannot solely be a reliable indicators whether vessel is lymphatic or not.

title: Co-expression of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cell markers on early endothelial cells present in aspirated coronary thrombi from @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Angiogenesis is the growth of both new vascular and lymphatic blood vessels from the existing vasculature. During this process, blood endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) express specific markers, which help their discrimination and easier identification. Since the coronary thrombi material aspirated from @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) proved as good angiogenesis model, we investigated the expression of @entity2280 and @entity2279 as BECs markers, and D2-40, @entity14600 and @entity7802 as LEC markers in this material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aspirated thrombi were stained immunohistochemically for @entity2280 , @entity2279 , D2-40, @entity14600 and @entity7802 . Organizational patterns of immunopositive cells were graded as single cells, clusters or microvessels. Double immunofluorescence for @entity2279 , D2-40, @entity14600 and VEGRF3 was done. Thrombi were also graded as fresh (<1day old), lytic (1-5days old) and organized (>5days old). RESULTS: Serial sections of aspirated thrombi showed concordant BEC and LEC markers immunopositivity. Double immunoflorescence proved co-expression of @entity2279 and LEC markers on the same cells. Cells expressing LEC markers organized in clusters and microvessels were mainly present in lytic and organized thrombi. CONCLUSION: Co-expression of BEC and LEC markers on the same non-tumorous cell during thrombus neovascularization indicates existing in vivo plasticity of endothelial cells under non-tumorous pathological conditions. It also points that @entity2280 and @entity2279 on one hand, and D2-40, @entity14600 and @entity7802 immunostaining on the other hand, cannot solely be a reliable indicators whether vessel is lymphatic or not.

title: Co-expression of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cell markers on early endothelial cells present in aspirated coronary thrombi from XXXX with @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to determine the transition rate and factors associated with the progression of normo- and low microalbuminuria to @entity2316 (overt @entity644 ). METHODS: For 8 years we prospectively observed 1,558 Japanese @entity1 with @entity6 whose basal urinary albumin: @entity1011 ratio (UACR) had been measured as <17.0 mg/mmol at entry. The incidence of @entity8 (UACR >33.9 mg/mmol) was determined by measuring UACR twice a year. RESULTS: Progression to @entity8 occurred in 74 @entity1 . The annual transition rate was 0.67%, and was substantially higher for the low-microalbuminuric group than for the normoalbuminuric group (1.85% and 0.23%, respectively; hazard ratio for the low-microalbuminuric group 8.45, p   <   0.01). The hazard ratio for an HbA(1c) of 7-9% or >= 9% was 2.72 (p   <   0.01) or 5.81 (p   <   0.01) relative to HbA(1c) <7.0%, respectively. In comparison with individuals with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of <120 mmHg, the hazard ratios for @entity1 with an SBP of 120-140 mmHg or >= 140 mmHg were 2.31 (p   =   0.06) and 3.54 (p   <   0.01), respectively. Smoking also affected progression to @entity644 (hazard ratio 1.99, p   <   0.01). In contrast, 30.3% of the low-microalbuminuric group returned to normoalbuminuria (i.e. were in remission). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results suggest that if @entity1 with @entity6 are receiving treatment from diabetologists for hyperglycaemia and @entity101 when they are in the early stages of @entity8 (i.e. normo- or low microalbuminuria), their rate of transition to @entity644 is considerably lowered, and that differentiating @entity1 with low microalbuminuria from those with high microalbuminuria might be clinically useful. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry C000000222.

title: Low transition rate from normo- and low microalbuminuria to XXXX in Japanese type 2 diabetic individuals: the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: @entity137 bioassays are important tools to determine biological effects of chemical agents on species. The questions remained on, what effects have been imposed on each of the different molecular site of cells by chemical exposure and how to find a pattern for chemical @entity137 . To address the questions, HepG2 cell lines were exposed to the different concentrations of @entity900 for 24 hours to result cell mortality in the range of one to one hundred percent. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used in this study to analyze the chemical alterations on HepG2 cell line by @entity900 . @entity2357 ( @entity2357 ) analysis was then applied to the FTIR spectrum results to search for a biomarker peak and present the desire cellular effects of @entity900 . The comparison of cellular FTIR spectra after exposure to different concentrations of @entity900 confirmed the binding of @entity900 to DNA through direct interaction of @entity902 to @entity2774 and @entity6244 bases of DNA. Biochemical Index Spectra (BIS) were defined based on the differences between of normal and @entity900 exposed cells. Information from the BIS was subjected to @entity2357 analysis to trigger any particular relationship between the @entity137 spectral response and @entity900 concentration. This approach was capable of predicting the concentration of @entity900 for any particular effects observed in the cellular FTIR spectrum (R(2) = 0.968    0.037). Our work supports the promises that, FTIR can demonstrate the trace of @entity137 before the cells dies. Finally, @entity2357 of FTIR data directly predicts the effective concentration of chemicals in particular cellular components.

title: Predicting of Effective Dose as Biomarker for XXXX Using Partial Least Square-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (PLS_FTIR).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Partial least square regression', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: We have investigated whether intracellular signal transduction molecules can be used as immunohistological markers of normal and neoplastic @entity1 leucocytes in routine tissue sections. We obtained selective labelling of white cells for eight such molecules (the 'linker' molecules @entity30930 and @entity13788 , the Src family kinases @entity18226 , @entity7984 , @entity10255 and @entity2060 , and the phospholipases @entity7985 and @entity27420 ). Antibodies to @entity30930 and @entity7985 selectively labelled T cells, and antibodies to @entity13788 , @entity18226 , @entity7984 , @entity10255 and @entity27420 labelled B cells (although @entity7984 immunostaining was restricted to mantle zone B cells). Antibodies to the @entity10255 and @entity2060 kinases labelled probable thymocyte precursors at the periphery of the thymic cortex. In addition to lymphoid cells, several other leucocyte types were immunostained (e.g. @entity30930 , @entity18226 , @entity10255 and @entity2060 were found in megakaryocytes, myeloid cells and/or macrophages, and @entity27420 was detected in arterial endothelium). @entity30930 and @entity7985 were found in most @entity784 studied, and some @entity1892 were also positive for @entity7985 (e.g. diffuse large cell and @entity2109 ). The five B cell-associated markers were found in most B-cell non-Hodgkin's @entity706 , although some diffuse large @entity1892 were negative (e.g. for @entity18226 ) and anti- @entity7984 tended not to stain small B-cell neoplasms. The observation that a range of leucocyte signalling molecules can be detected in routine biopsies offers new possibilities for studying normal and neoplastic @entity1 white cells in diagnostic tissue samples.

title: Intracellular signalling molecules as immunohistochemical markers of normal and neoplastic XXXX leucocytes in routine biopsy samples.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to reveal pathologic characteristics and clinical behaviour of @entity1 40 years old or younger diagnosed with and treated for urothelial @entity150 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathologic data of 91 @entity1 , initially diagnosed and treated at our institution from May 1996 to December 2014. @entity5 recurrence was defined as new occurrence of @entity150 at the same or different sites of the bladder. @entity5 progression was defined as an increase in stage or grade in any of the recurrences. RESULTS: The mean age was 33.8 (range: 17-40) years. The pathological examination after transurethral resection revealed 83 (91.2%) @entity1 with non-muscle invasive @entity150 , and 8 (8.8%) @entity1 with muscle invasive @entity150 . According to the distribution of grade, there were 75, 4 and 12 @entity1 with grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 diseases, respectively. Initial @entity5 staging was: pTa with 40 @entity1 (43.9%), pT1 with 43 @entity1 (47.2%), pT2 with 7 @entity1 (7.6%), and pT3 with 1 @entity1 (1.2%). While 17 (18.6%) @entity1 recurred in the follow-up, 10 (10.9%) @entity1 had progression. There were no differences in recurrence and progression rates in the Ta and T1 stages between groups (p = 0.233, p = 0.511, respectively). CONCLUSION: The risk of progression increased as the number of relapses increased. The clinical behaviour of high-stage and high-grade disease in younger @entity1 is similar to the older group.

title: Urothelial XXXX in young adults: Diagnosis, treatment and clinical behaviour.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer', 'urothelial bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the costs associated with caring for severely demented residents nursing homes with and without feeding tubes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A 700-bed long-term care facility in Boston. @entity1 : Nursing home residents aged 65 years and over with advanced @entity303 and eating problems for whom long-term feeding tube had been discussed as a treatment option. MEASUREMENTS: Costs were compared over the 6 months that followed the tube-feeding decision for those residents who did and did not undergo feeding tube placement for the following items: nursing time, physician assessments, food, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, diagnostic tests, treatment with antibiotics and parenteral hydration, and feeding tube insertion. RESULTS: Twenty-two subjects were included, 11 were tube-fed (mean age 84.3 years +/- 6.0) and 11 were hand-fed (mean age 90.2 years +/- 9.1). The daily costs of nursing home care were higher for the residents without feeding tubes compared with residents with tubes ( 4219 +/- 1546 vs  2379 +/- 1032, P = 0.006). Nonetheless, Medicaid reimbursement to nursing homes in at least 26 states is higher for demented residents who are tube-fed than for residents with similar deficits who are not tube-fed. Costs typically billed to Medicare were greater for the tube-fed @entity1 ( 6994 +/- 5790 vs.  959 +/- 591, P < 0.001), primarily because of the high costs associated with initial feeding tube placement and hospitalizations or @entity341 for the management of complications of tube-feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing homes are faced with a potential fiscal incentive to tube-feed residents with advanced @entity303 : tube-fed residents generate a higher daily reimbursement rate from Medicaid, yet require less expensive nursing home care. From a Medicare perspective, tube-fed @entity1 are expensive due to the high costs associated with feeding tube placement and acute management of complications. Further work is needed to determine whether these potential financial incentives influence tube-feeding decisions in practice.

title: Tube-feeding versus hand-feeding nursing home residents with advanced XXXX : a cost comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency rooms visits']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ), or @entity14 ( @entity14 ), is an autosomal dominant condition responsible for early onset @entity5 mostly in the colonrectum and endometrium as well as in other organ sites. @entity4309 is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes, prevalently in @entity4311 , @entity6756 , and less frequently in @entity4638 and @entity14437 . Twenty-nine non-related index cases with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) were collected from a region in southeast Italy (Apulia). Among this set of @entity1 , fifteen fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria II. The presence of @entity5 @entity124 ( @entity124 ) was assessed in all index cases and 19 (15 AC+/4 AC-) were classified as @entity124 . Mutation analysis performed on all @entity1 , identified 15 pathogenic mutations in @entity72352 in @entity4311 . 4/15 mutations in @entity72353 /4 @entity4311 mutations have not been previously reported. Three previously reported mutations were further investigated for the possibility of a common founder effect. Genetic counseling was offered to all probands and extended to 183 relatives after molecular testing and 85 (46%) mutation carriers were identified. Eighty mutation carriers underwent an accurate clinical and instrumental surveillance protocol. Our results confirm that the identification of @entity4309 @entity1 based exclusively on family history may miss @entity1 carrying germline mutations in the MMR genes. Moreover, our results demonstrated that molecular screening and subsequent instrumental surveillance are very effective in identifying CRCs at earlier stages and reducing the number of deaths from secondary cancers in @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Identification and surveillance of 19 XXXX families in southern Italy: report of six novel germline mutations and a common founder mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-H', 'MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC', 'CRC', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with @entity882 and fetal loss, and have been reported elevated in @entity1 with @entity1468 . Site: Preeclampsia-Eclampsia Research Unit, Instituto Materno Infantil del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico and the Specialty Hospital Research Unit, La Raza Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG-IgM) as markers of acute endothelial damage in @entity1 with @entity1468 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized case control study composed of two groups: Group A (cases), 18 @entity1 with @entity1468 and group B (control), 18 normal pregnancies. Antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) antibodies were determined in both groups in addition to with coagulation tests and clinical variables in mother and newborn in day of admission and nine weeks after obstetrical resolution. We excluded patients with anticoagulant or dialysis therapy, taking NSAIDs or who recently required transfusion or plasmaferesis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in levels of IgM and in weights and mortality among newborns between the two groups. In terms of maternal complications, we found @entity2102 as leading cause. We also observed in the case group significant differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and IgM levels between admission day and nine weeks later. Our results lead us to the conclusion that there must be exist immunologic mechanism that induces synthesis of anticardiolipin antibodies (IgM isotype) during acute state of the disease, accounting for vascular changes and prothrombotic state responsible for @entity532 .

title: [IgM antiphospholipical antibodies in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['maternal and neonatal complications']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia-eclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia-eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Splenectomy is gaining increasing importance for cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity6118 . However, its safety and efficacy for @entity1 with chronic @entity409 remain unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the medical records of 38 consecutive cirrhotic @entity1 who underwent splenectomy or simultaneous hepatectomy and @entity157 . RESULTS: White blood cell and platelet counts significantly increased 3 months after splenectomy. Serum levels of total @entity648 and prothrombin time significantly improved 1 year after splenectomy. Interferon therapy was administered to 25 @entity1 after splenectomy. A sustained viral response was achieved in 8 @entity1 (42%). The total incidence of @entity715 ( @entity715 ) detected by postoperative dynamic computed tomography was 13/38 (34.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed preoperative spleen volume (SV) to be the sole independent predictor of postoperative @entity715 . Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis showed that a cut-off SV of 450 ml corresponded to a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 56%. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy improved the liver function and facilitated effective interferon therapy in cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity6118 , although preoperative SV was frequently associated with postoperative @entity715 .

title: Splenectomy in chronic hepatic disorders: portal vein XXXX and improvement of liver function.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['splenectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['PSVT', 'portal or splenic vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Profilins are ubiquitous proteins, present in all eukaryotic cells and identified as allergens in pollen, latex and plant foods. The highly conserved structure justifies the cross-reactive nature of IgE antibodies against plant profilins and their designation as pan-allergens. Primary sensitization to profilin seems to arise from pollen sensitization with later development of cross-reactive IgE antibodies against plant food (and possibly latex) profilins. The role of profilin in inducing @entity56 needs to be evaluated and raises important issues in @entity566 diagnosis due to cross-reactivity. IgE cross-reactivity among profilins is associated with multiple pollen sensitization and with various @entity2023 . In @entity1576 , sensitization to pollen to which the @entity1 has virtually no environmental exposure has been identified as a manifestation of profilin sensitization. As a food allergen, profilin usually elicits mild reactions, such as @entity566 , is not modified by processing and is especially important in @entity566 to some fruits, such as @entity2487 , watermelon, banana, @entity523 , citrus fruit and persimmon. Purified natural and recombinant profilins for in vitro and in vivo @entity566 tests are helpful in the diagnostic work-up. Herein we review the current state of knowledge about the allergen profilin and its implications in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity56 . We conclude that, although its role in triggering @entity56 is still controversial, profilin is undoubtedly a relevant allergen. As a pan-allergen, profilin is associated with multiple pollen sensitization and pollen-food-latex syndromes that the allergist has to be aware of in order to accomplish an accurate diagnosis and successful treatment of @entity56 .

title: Profilins: mimickers of XXXX or relevant allergens?

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollen-food syndromes']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Past research indicates that @entity7864 ( @entity7864 ) @entity1 are less likely than non-Hispanic white (NHW) @entity1 to have an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) diagnosis, even if they seem to meet criteria for the disorder. This study examined differences in community identification of ASDs between @entity7864 and NHW @entity1 identified by a population-based surveillance system. METHODS: @entity1 were identified as an @entity72 surveillance case by the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program in surveillance years 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006. Health and education records were abstracted and reviewed to determine @entity72 surveillance case status; community identification was defined by a documented @entity72 diagnosis, special education eligibility, and behaviors noted in records. @entity1 were placed in 1 of 5 mutually exclusive categories on the basis of @entity72 specificity. RESULTS: Total @entity72 prevalence was higher for NHW than @entity7864 @entity1 , but @entity7864 @entity1 were more likely than NHW @entity1 to have @entity2438 and @entity2438 eligibility at a public school documented in records. @entity7864 @entity1 were less likely than NHW @entity1 to have @entity245 -not otherwise specified and @entity13104 documented in records, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. @entity7864 @entity1 were more likely than NHW @entity1 to have co-occurring @entity717 . CONCLUSION: @entity7864 @entity1 were less likely than NHW @entity1 to have been identified with less severe ASDs, which might have prevented or delayed intervention services that would have catered to their needs. This study illustrates the need for continued professional education, particularly concerning milder ASDs in minority groups.

title: Racial disparities in community identification of XXXX over time; Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, 2000-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black', 'NHB']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorder', 'autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ["Asperger's disorder"]

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: @entity2916 is an @entity74 characterized by @entity410 that are refractory to medication in severely affected individuals. The mechanism involved in drug resistance in @entity2916 is unknown. The proteins @entity1262 (multidrug resistance) and @entity11092 ) are linked to chemotherapy resistance in @entity5 cells. However, the relationship between refractoriness to antiepileptic drugs and @entity1262 or @entity11092 brain expression has been poorly studied. We have previously described a case of @entity2916 with @entity302 that expressed multidrug resistance gene ( @entity1262 ) in tuber cells from @entity75 . In this retrospective study, we describe the expression of @entity1262 and @entity11092 in the @entity2916 of three pediatric @entity1 with @entity2916 and @entity302 surgically treated. Monoclonal antibodies for @entity1262 and @entity11092 proteins were used for immunohistochemistry. In epileptogenic cortical tuber brain specimens, @entity1262 and @entity11092 proteins were strongly immunoreactive in abnormal balloon cells, dysplastic neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, and some blood-brain vessels. A more extensive @entity1262 immunoreactivity was observed. These data suggest that @entity302 phenotype in @entity2916 can be associated with the expression of both multidrug resistance @entity1262 and @entity11092 transporters in @entity2916 .

title: Multidrug resistance proteins in XXXX and @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP-1', 'MRP-1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'Tuberous sclerosis', 'epileptogenic cortical tubers']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: @entity2916 is an @entity74 characterized by @entity410 that are refractory to medication in severely affected individuals. The mechanism involved in drug resistance in @entity2916 is unknown. The proteins @entity1262 (multidrug resistance) and @entity11092 ) are linked to chemotherapy resistance in @entity5 cells. However, the relationship between refractoriness to antiepileptic drugs and @entity1262 or @entity11092 brain expression has been poorly studied. We have previously described a case of @entity2916 with @entity302 that expressed multidrug resistance gene ( @entity1262 ) in tuber cells from @entity75 . In this retrospective study, we describe the expression of @entity1262 and @entity11092 in the @entity2916 of three pediatric @entity1 with @entity2916 and @entity302 surgically treated. Monoclonal antibodies for @entity1262 and @entity11092 proteins were used for immunohistochemistry. In epileptogenic cortical tuber brain specimens, @entity1262 and @entity11092 proteins were strongly immunoreactive in abnormal balloon cells, dysplastic neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, and some blood-brain vessels. A more extensive @entity1262 immunoreactivity was observed. These data suggest that @entity302 phenotype in @entity2916 can be associated with the expression of both multidrug resistance @entity1262 and @entity11092 transporters in @entity2916 .

title: Multidrug resistance proteins in @entity2916 and XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ), Apoptotic Index (AI), the ratio of the two indices ( @entity6578 /AI) in normal endocervical glands, @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ) and invasive @entity420 , and to evaluate the relationship among these indices with various clinicopathological features. METHODS: The @entity6578 , AI and @entity6578 /AI ratio in cervical @entity420 were evaluated based on: (1) cell morphology in @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained sections; (2) immunohistochemical study for Ki67 antigen and @entity10730 ( @entity10730 )-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL). Eighty cases of invasive @entity420 and eighteen cases of @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ) adjacent to invasive @entity420 were included. Adjacent normal endocervical epithelium in 26 cases of @entity420 was included as control. RESULTS: The @entity6578 , AI and @entity6578 /AI in normal endocervical glands, @entity15709 and invasive @entity189 showed statistically significant differences (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between AI and @entity6578 , as assessed by morphological features (P<0.001) and immunohistochemistry (P=0.006). The @entity6578 /AI ratio, determined by morphology, significantly correlated with staging (P=0.023) and survival (P=0.0045). Multivariate survival analysis showed that both @entity6578 /AI ratio determined by morphology (P<0.001) and stage of @entity5 (P=0.03) had independent prognostic value in invasive @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS: Tumor proliferation significantly correlated with apoptotic activity in cervical @entity420 . The @entity6578 /AI ratio was an independent prognostic factor associated with @entity1 survival. Histological determination of @entity6578 /AI ratio proved to be an economical and potentially useful adjunct in predicting clinical outcome of @entity1 with cervical @entity420 .

title: Proliferation to apoptosis ratio as a prognostic marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['Mitotic Index', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of cervix', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary blood flow during Stage 1 (Norwood) palliation for @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) is achieved via @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ) or right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (RVPA). Controversy exists regarding the differential impact of shunt type on outcome among those who require transplantation early in life. In this study we explored waitlist and post-transplant outcomes within this sub-population stratified by shunt type. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were enrolled through the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study (PHTS) database. @entity1 included those listed for heart transplantation at 1 of 35 participating centers, all of whom were <6 years of age and with a diagnosis of @entity1699 (and variants) status post Stage 1 palliation with @entity5033 or RVPA. Standard risk factors for @entity204 were analyzed using multivariable hazards modeling. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2013, 190 @entity1 were identified. Compared with the RVPA group (n = 111), the @entity5033 group (n = 79) was less likely to have undergone a Glenn palliation (41% vs 73%, p < 0.001), were younger at listing (median age 1.3 vs 1.8 years, p = 0.05), had lower median weight (7.9 vs 9.4 kg, p = 0.02), and were more likely to be mechanically ventilated at listing (35% vs 22%, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in median waitlist time (1.7 vs 2.6 months, p = 0.2) or rate of transplantation (61% vs 60%, p = 1.0). Among waitlisted @entity1 , 3-month survival was less for @entity5033 compared with RVPA @entity1 (74% vs 91%, p = 0.02). @entity1 who had not yet achieved Glenn palliation before listing had lower waitlist 3-month survival (76% vs 90%, p = 0.02). In @entity5033 @entity1 <1 year old, there was a trend toward improved survival in those with Glenn palliation compared to those without (100% vs 68%, p = 0.08). Early post-transplant mortality rates were similar between the RVPA and @entity5033 groups (p = 0.4) with overall survival 84% at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1699 @entity1 , the need for transplant before Glenn palliation is associated with poorer waitlist survival. Waitlist survival is poorer in the @entity5033 group, with this difference driven by pre-Glenn @entity5033 @entity1 . Post-transplant outcomes were unaffected by shunt type.

title: Impact of initial Norwood shunt type on young XXXX @entity1 listed for heart transplant: A multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['MBT', 'modified Blalock-Taussig shunt']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary blood flow during Stage 1 (Norwood) palliation for @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) is achieved via @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ) or right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (RVPA). Controversy exists regarding the differential impact of shunt type on outcome among those who require transplantation early in life. In this study we explored waitlist and post-transplant outcomes within this sub-population stratified by shunt type. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were enrolled through the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study (PHTS) database. @entity1 included those listed for heart transplantation at 1 of 35 participating centers, all of whom were <6 years of age and with a diagnosis of @entity1699 (and variants) status post Stage 1 palliation with @entity5033 or RVPA. Standard risk factors for @entity204 were analyzed using multivariable hazards modeling. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2013, 190 @entity1 were identified. Compared with the RVPA group (n = 111), the @entity5033 group (n = 79) was less likely to have undergone a Glenn palliation (41% vs 73%, p < 0.001), were younger at listing (median age 1.3 vs 1.8 years, p = 0.05), had lower median weight (7.9 vs 9.4 kg, p = 0.02), and were more likely to be mechanically ventilated at listing (35% vs 22%, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in median waitlist time (1.7 vs 2.6 months, p = 0.2) or rate of transplantation (61% vs 60%, p = 1.0). Among waitlisted @entity1 , 3-month survival was less for @entity5033 compared with RVPA @entity1 (74% vs 91%, p = 0.02). @entity1 who had not yet achieved Glenn palliation before listing had lower waitlist 3-month survival (76% vs 90%, p = 0.02). In @entity5033 @entity1 <1 year old, there was a trend toward improved survival in those with Glenn palliation compared to those without (100% vs 68%, p = 0.08). Early post-transplant mortality rates were similar between the RVPA and @entity5033 groups (p = 0.4) with overall survival 84% at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1699 @entity1 , the need for transplant before Glenn palliation is associated with poorer waitlist survival. Waitlist survival is poorer in the @entity5033 group, with this difference driven by pre-Glenn @entity5033 @entity1 . Post-transplant outcomes were unaffected by shunt type.

title: Impact of initial Norwood shunt type on young @entity1699 XXXX listed for heart transplant: A multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence suggests that a considerably large proportion of @entity5 @entity1 are affected by treatment-related financial harm. As medical debt grows for some with @entity5 , the downstream effects can be catastrophic, with a recent study suggesting a link between extreme financial @entity147 and worse mortality. At least three factors might explain the relationship between extreme financial @entity147 and greater risk of mortality: 1) overall poorer well-being, 2) impaired health-related quality of life, and 3) sub-par quality of care. While research has described the financial harm associated with @entity5 treatment, little has been done to effectively intervene on the problem. Long-term solutions must focus on policy changes to reduce unsustainable drug prices and promote innovative insurance models. In the mean time, @entity1 continue to struggle with high out-of-pocket costs. For more immediate solutions, we should look to the oncologist and @entity1 . Oncologists should focus on the value of care delivered, encourage @entity1 engagement on the topic of costs, and be better educated on financial resources available to @entity1 . For their part, @entity1 need improved cost-related health literacy so they are aware of potential costs and resources, and research should focus on how @entity1 define high-value care. With a growing list of financial side effects induced by @entity5 treatment, the time has come to intervene on the "financial @entity137 " of @entity5 care.

title: Financial XXXX of Cancer Care: It's Time to Intervene.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary cultures of isolated @entity1 adipose-derived adult stem (ADAS) cells are multipotent and differentiate in vitro along the adipocyte, chondrocyte, neuronal, osteoblast, and skeletal muscle pathways. METHODS: We examined the ADAS cell yield per unit volume of liposuction tissue, and their surface protein phenotype by flow cytometry. Adipogenesis was assessed by @entity21170 staining and ELISA analysis of leptin secretion. RESULTS: The donor population was 87.5% female (n=18) with a mean age (+/-SD) of 44+/-10 years and body mass index (BMI) of 24.9+/-2.7. The mean cell yield was 404 000+/-206 000 cells per milliliter of lipoaspirate (n=18). Linear regression analysis of the cells derived from the female donors demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the number of cells obtained per milliliter of lipoaspirate with the BMI but not the age of the donor. The undifferentiated ADAS cells were homogeneously positive for the cell-surface markers @entity2282 , @entity10793 , @entity2393 , @entity1759 , @entity16445 , @entity1009 , @entity5399 , and HLA-ABC, and homogeneously negative for the cell surface markers @entity9536 , @entity1195 , and HLA-DR. The absence of the panhematopoietic marker, @entity1195 , indicates that the ADAS cells do not derive from circulating BM hematopoietic stem cells. Adipocyte differentiation led to a 5.1-fold increase in @entity21170 staining, and a 196-fold increase in leptin secretion levels. Culture of the cells in the presence of antibiotic and @entity2379 did not alter the undifferentiated ADAS cell immunophenotype based on flow cytometry, or their adipocyte differentiation based on leptin secretion. DISCUSSION: The ability to isolate a consistently homogeneous population of undifferentiated adult stem cells from adipose tissue of multiple donors supports their potential utility in future tissue-engineering applications.

title: Yield of XXXX adipose-derived adult stem cells from liposuction aspirates.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['fungizone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']