abstract: 1. The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of action of @entity47289 ( @entity47289 )-induced contraction of the @entity840 isolated @entity825 . 2. @entity47289 (1 nM-0.3 microM) produces a concentration-dependent contraction of @entity840 @entity825 with an EC50 of approximately 25 nM. The combination of the peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist, SK_F 104353 (10 microM) and the H1- @entity112 receptor antagonist, @entity8765 (10 microM), which abolishes antigen-induced contraction in @entity840 @entity825 , was without effect on @entity47289 concentration-response curves. Furthermore, the @entity71362 antagonist, @entity6849 , (1 or 10 microM) did not inhibit ET-induced contraction. 3. @entity47289 (0.3 microM) did not stimulate @entity112 or immunoreactive peptidoleukotriene release from @entity840 isolated @entity825 . 4. The release of various prostanoids from @entity840 @entity825 was increased significantly by @entity47289 (0.3 microM); the profile of release was @entity1672 (PGD2) = @entity1421 = @entity9077 (PGI2 metabolite) > @entity7489 = PGF2 alpha > 9 alpha, 11 beta PGF2 (PGD2 metabolite). @entity47289 -induced release of @entity2918 , which was about 30% of that elicited by antigen in sensitized tissues, was not affected by epithelium removal and was observed in tissues from which the smooth muscle had been removed. Previous studies in our laboratory indicated that @entity3352 potentiated contraction produced by high concentrations of @entity47289 , whereas a @entity2871 receptor antagonist was without appreciable effect on @entity47289 concentration-response curves. 5. Pretreatment of tissues for 1 h with @entity2951 (10 microM), which depletes different sensory neurones, produced a small, but significant, inhibitory effect on @entity47289 concentration-response curves in the presence but not the absence of the epithelium. The combination of the NK1 @entity4756 receptor antagonist,CP-96,345 (0.1 microM), and the @entity10125 @entity4756 receptor antagonist, @entity21313 (0.1 microM), was without effect on ET-l concentration-response curves but substantially antagonized @entity2951 -induced contraction.6. The present data suggest that in @entity840 isolated @entity825 , ET- 1 produces contraction predominantly via a direct mechanism: there is no significant contribution of the release of @entity112 , @entity4443 , @entity5567 , or @entity4756 (acting on NK1 or @entity10125 receptors). Although @entity47289 evokes the release of an array of @entity2918 from the @entity825 they do not appear to have a major influence on the contractile response.

title: Relative contributions of direct and indirect mechanisms mediating endothelin-induced contraction of @entity840 XXXX .

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity160 ( @entity160 ) is a useful @entity5 marker for @entity157 and @entity2970 . Recently, elevations of serum @entity160 were reported in @entity1 with other @entity5 , especially @entity356 . Two distinct @entity5 morphologies, hepatoid and clear cell, have been correlated with @entity160 production. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity160 -producing @entity356 were evaluated with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies. RESULTS: In @entity1 1, the primary and metastatic @entity189 consisted homogeneously of @entity189 with clear cytoplasm. In @entity1 2, the @entity5 was composed of three different areas: @entity189 with clear cytoplasm, @entity5 cartilage, and so-called @entity189 . The morphologic characteristics of @entity189 with clear cytoplasm were similar to those of the developing gut epithelium at the stage of 2-4 months' gestation. The elution patterns of the serum @entity160 on lectin-affinity sepharose column study also suggested a correlation with fetal gut differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity160 -producing clear cell @entity356 are differentiated into fetal intestine. One @entity1 also had hepatocytic and cartilaginous differentiation, indicative of a blastomatous characteristic of the @entity5 . These @entity5 arose in association with intestinal metaplasia.

title: @entity160 -producing XXXX with enteroblastic differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['yolk sac tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['tubulopapillary carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'hepatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['Alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity160 ( @entity160 ) is a useful @entity5 marker for @entity157 and @entity2970 . Recently, elevations of serum @entity160 were reported in @entity1 with other @entity5 , especially @entity356 . Two distinct @entity5 morphologies, hepatoid and clear cell, have been correlated with @entity160 production. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity160 -producing @entity356 were evaluated with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies. RESULTS: In @entity1 1, the primary and metastatic @entity189 consisted homogeneously of @entity189 with clear cytoplasm. In @entity1 2, the @entity5 was composed of three different areas: @entity189 with clear cytoplasm, @entity5 cartilage, and so-called @entity189 . The morphologic characteristics of @entity189 with clear cytoplasm were similar to those of the developing gut epithelium at the stage of 2-4 months' gestation. The elution patterns of the serum @entity160 on lectin-affinity sepharose column study also suggested a correlation with fetal gut differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity160 -producing clear cell @entity356 are differentiated into fetal intestine. One @entity1 also had hepatocytic and cartilaginous differentiation, indicative of a blastomatous characteristic of the @entity5 . These @entity5 arose in association with intestinal metaplasia.

title: XXXX -producing @entity356 with enteroblastic differentiation.

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['Alpha-fetoprotein']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop @entity26 -induced @entity989 in the @entity19 with reproducible and quantifiable @entity2479 suitable for examining pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention for @entity2479 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and other vasculopathologies. METHODS: One-week-old C57BL/6J @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 for 5 days and then to room air. A novel fluorescein-dextran perfusion method has been developed to assess the vascular pattern. The proliferative neovascular response was quantified by counting the nuclei of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in 6 microns sagittal cross-sections. @entity2915 were also stained for @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ). RESULTS: @entity941 -dextran angiography delineated the entire vascular pattern, including neovascular tufts in flat-mounted retinas. @entity871 -induced @entity2295 occurred at the junction between the vascularized and avascular retina in the mid-periphery. @entity2479 occurred in all the pups between postnatal day 17 and postnatal day 21. There was a mean of 89 neovascular nuclei per cross-section of 9 eyes in @entity871 compared to less than 1 nucleus per cross-section of 8 eyes in the normoxia control (P < 0.0001). Proliferative vessels were not associated with @entity9327 -positive astrocyte processes. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have described a reproducible and quantifiable @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity2479 that should prove useful for the study of pathogenesis of @entity2479 as well as for the study of medical intervention for @entity989 and other @entity989 .

title: XXXX -induced @entity989 in the @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization', 'proliferative retinal neovascularization', 'Retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperoxia', 'hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-sections']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinopathy of prematurity', 'retinal angiopathies', 'ROP']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop @entity26 -induced @entity989 in the @entity19 with reproducible and quantifiable @entity2479 suitable for examining pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention for @entity2479 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and other vasculopathologies. METHODS: One-week-old C57BL/6J @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 for 5 days and then to room air. A novel fluorescein-dextran perfusion method has been developed to assess the vascular pattern. The proliferative neovascular response was quantified by counting the nuclei of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in 6 microns sagittal cross-sections. @entity2915 were also stained for @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ). RESULTS: @entity941 -dextran angiography delineated the entire vascular pattern, including neovascular tufts in flat-mounted retinas. @entity871 -induced @entity2295 occurred at the junction between the vascularized and avascular retina in the mid-periphery. @entity2479 occurred in all the pups between postnatal day 17 and postnatal day 21. There was a mean of 89 neovascular nuclei per cross-section of 9 eyes in @entity871 compared to less than 1 nucleus per cross-section of 8 eyes in the normoxia control (P < 0.0001). Proliferative vessels were not associated with @entity9327 -positive astrocyte processes. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have described a reproducible and quantifiable @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity2479 that should prove useful for the study of pathogenesis of @entity2479 as well as for the study of medical intervention for @entity989 and other @entity989 .

title: @entity26 -induced XXXX in the @entity19 .

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop @entity26 -induced @entity989 in the @entity19 with reproducible and quantifiable @entity2479 suitable for examining pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention for @entity2479 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and other vasculopathologies. METHODS: One-week-old C57BL/6J @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 for 5 days and then to room air. A novel fluorescein-dextran perfusion method has been developed to assess the vascular pattern. The proliferative neovascular response was quantified by counting the nuclei of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in 6 microns sagittal cross-sections. @entity2915 were also stained for @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ). RESULTS: @entity941 -dextran angiography delineated the entire vascular pattern, including neovascular tufts in flat-mounted retinas. @entity871 -induced @entity2295 occurred at the junction between the vascularized and avascular retina in the mid-periphery. @entity2479 occurred in all the pups between postnatal day 17 and postnatal day 21. There was a mean of 89 neovascular nuclei per cross-section of 9 eyes in @entity871 compared to less than 1 nucleus per cross-section of 8 eyes in the normoxia control (P < 0.0001). Proliferative vessels were not associated with @entity9327 -positive astrocyte processes. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have described a reproducible and quantifiable @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity2479 that should prove useful for the study of pathogenesis of @entity2479 as well as for the study of medical intervention for @entity989 and other @entity989 .

title: @entity26 -induced @entity989 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14454 caused by @entity4114 worms is endemic to tropical regions where it is the most common cause of @entity811 . However, the intermediate @entity4245 hosts, Bulinus truncatus, have been described in Portugal, Spain, Sardinia, and Corsica. @entity4114 has long remained exotic to Europe, however, an outbreak of @entity14454 in Corsica started in 2011 with B. truncatus as the primary intermediate host. We describe the case of a 12-year-old French @entity1 presenting @entity811 and @entity3833 who was diagnosed with @entity14454 . Urine examination confirmed the presence of viable parasitic ova. He also had a positive serology. Since there was no history of travel to a @entity2040 endemic region, the probable area of contamination was identified as the south of Corsica where the family had spent their summer holidays 7 months earlier. Two other family members had a positive serology without ova excretion in urine. The @entity1 were treated with praziquantel. In light of these recent locally acquired cases in France, @entity2040 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity811 , especially in @entity1 who have recently visited Corsica.

title: An unusual case of XXXX in a French family returning from Corsica.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis', 'Urinary schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In adults with arterial @entity101 , measuring arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) can determine the extent of cardiovascular subclinical organ damage. @entity122 has independent predictive value for cardiovascular events, but there are currently no recommendations for measuring @entity122 in @entity1 . In addition, central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) strongly reflects vascular changes. The aim of this study was to establish percentiles for cSBP and @entity122 in @entity1 and adolescents to evaluate and classify altered vascular function in youths. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured @entity122 and cSBP with an oscillometric device with inbuilt ARCSolver-algorithm (estimated by using the brachial waveform) and calculated smoothed reference percentiles for 1445 @entity1 and young adults (49.5% female; 13.41      2.80 years, range 8-22 years; @entity122 4.67      0.34  m/s; cSBP 100.7      8.9  mmHg) using the LMS-method based on age and height. @entity122 and cSBP increased with age and height, but slightly differently for @entity1 and @entity1 , possibly reflecting different growth patterns. Between 8 and 21 years, @entity122 increased from 4.29      0.32 to 4.98      0.33  m/s in @entity1 and from 4.27      0.18 to 5.22      0.46  m/s in @entity1 . While @entity1 showed a minor increase in cSBP (91.2      7.5 to 109.1      8.6  mmHg), the cSBP in @entity1 ranged from 90.0      5.8 to 110.5      9.6  mmHg with a more pronounced increase between 14 and 17 years. CONCLUSION: These percentiles for @entity122 and cSBP can help define arterial stiffness in youths and contribute to risk stratification for @entity65 . For example, in @entity1 with @entity1556 or isolated systolic @entity101 , @entity122 and cSBP can provide additional information about the function of the vascular system, thereby strengthening intervention strategies.

title: Percentiles for central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity in XXXX and adolescents recorded with an oscillometric device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Objective. Immune processes play a significant role in @entity731 plaque progression. Regulatory T cells and T helpers 17 were shown to possess anti- and pro-atherogenic activity, respectively. We aimed to investigate the balance of circulating Treg and Th17 in stable @entity951 @entity1 with different stages of @entity453 . Methods. Treg, Th17 and Th1 cell frequencies were studied in 117 @entity1 via direct immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Group 1 had intact coronary arteries. Group 2 and Group 3 had undergone previous coronary stenting; in Group 2 no @entity453 was found, in Group 3 @entity1 had disease progression in non-invaded coronary arteries. Group 4 had severe @entity453 . Results. The frequencies of @entity404 +CD25highCD127low, @entity404 +foxp3+, and @entity404 +IL10  +  T cells were decreased, and @entity404 +IL17  +  T cells frequencies were increased in group 4 vs. 1. Treg/Th17 ratios were declined in groups 3 and 4 vs. groups 1 and 2. @entity688 level was lower while hsCRP and sCD25 levels were higher in group 4 vs. 1. Conclusion. We assume that the imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory/atherogenic lymphocyte subpopulations is associated with @entity731 progression.

title: Treg/Th17 balance in stable CAD @entity1 with different stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary atherosclerosis progression']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: Objective. Immune processes play a significant role in @entity731 plaque progression. Regulatory T cells and T helpers 17 were shown to possess anti- and pro-atherogenic activity, respectively. We aimed to investigate the balance of circulating Treg and Th17 in stable @entity951 @entity1 with different stages of @entity453 . Methods. Treg, Th17 and Th1 cell frequencies were studied in 117 @entity1 via direct immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Group 1 had intact coronary arteries. Group 2 and Group 3 had undergone previous coronary stenting; in Group 2 no @entity453 was found, in Group 3 @entity1 had disease progression in non-invaded coronary arteries. Group 4 had severe @entity453 . Results. The frequencies of @entity404 +CD25highCD127low, @entity404 +foxp3+, and @entity404 +IL10  +  T cells were decreased, and @entity404 +IL17  +  T cells frequencies were increased in group 4 vs. 1. Treg/Th17 ratios were declined in groups 3 and 4 vs. groups 1 and 2. @entity688 level was lower while hsCRP and sCD25 levels were higher in group 4 vs. 1. Conclusion. We assume that the imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory/atherogenic lymphocyte subpopulations is associated with @entity731 progression.

title: Treg/Th17 balance in stable CAD XXXX with different stages of @entity453 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A new @entity414 biosensor was constructed using @entity504 (Fc) induced electro-activated uricase ( @entity33345 ) deposited within @entity19588 (Naf) on glassy @entity505 electrode (GCE). Electro-activation of @entity33345 was successfully achieved by cyclic voltammetry through the electrostatic interaction of Fc with Trp residues within the hydrophobic pockets in @entity33345 . The Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc composite was characterised by AFM, FTIR and EDX to ensure proper immobilisation. The interaction of Fc with the enzyme was analysed by Trp fluorescence spectroscopy and the a-helicity of the protein was measured by CD spectropolarimetry. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the modified sensor was lowered (1.39k   ) and the enzyme efficiency was enhanced by more than two fold as a result of Fc incorporation. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry all demonstrated the excellent response of the Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE biosensor to @entity414 . The sensor system generated a linear response over a range of 500nM to 600 M UA, with a sensitivity and limit of detection of 1.78 A M(-1) and 230nM, respectively. The heterogeneous rate constant (ks) for UA oxidation was much higher for Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE (1.0*10(-4)cms(-1)) than for @entity7034 / @entity33345 /GCE (8.2*10(-5)cms(-1)). Real samples, i.e. @entity1 blood, were tested for serum UA and the sensor yielded accurate results at a 95% confidence limit.

title: A novel third generation @entity414 biosensor using uricase electro-activated with XXXX on a @entity19588 coated glassy @entity505 electrode.

entities_list: @entity504 :: ('MESH:C004998', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrocene']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity504 :: (MESH:C004998,Chemical) :: ['ferrocene']


abstract: A new @entity414 biosensor was constructed using @entity504 (Fc) induced electro-activated uricase ( @entity33345 ) deposited within @entity19588 (Naf) on glassy @entity505 electrode (GCE). Electro-activation of @entity33345 was successfully achieved by cyclic voltammetry through the electrostatic interaction of Fc with Trp residues within the hydrophobic pockets in @entity33345 . The Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc composite was characterised by AFM, FTIR and EDX to ensure proper immobilisation. The interaction of Fc with the enzyme was analysed by Trp fluorescence spectroscopy and the a-helicity of the protein was measured by CD spectropolarimetry. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the modified sensor was lowered (1.39k   ) and the enzyme efficiency was enhanced by more than two fold as a result of Fc incorporation. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry all demonstrated the excellent response of the Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE biosensor to @entity414 . The sensor system generated a linear response over a range of 500nM to 600 M UA, with a sensitivity and limit of detection of 1.78 A M(-1) and 230nM, respectively. The heterogeneous rate constant (ks) for UA oxidation was much higher for Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE (1.0*10(-4)cms(-1)) than for @entity7034 / @entity33345 /GCE (8.2*10(-5)cms(-1)). Real samples, i.e. @entity1 blood, were tested for serum UA and the sensor yielded accurate results at a 95% confidence limit.

title: A novel third generation @entity414 biosensor using uricase electro-activated with @entity504 on a @entity19588 coated glassy XXXX electrode.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: A new @entity414 biosensor was constructed using @entity504 (Fc) induced electro-activated uricase ( @entity33345 ) deposited within @entity19588 (Naf) on glassy @entity505 electrode (GCE). Electro-activation of @entity33345 was successfully achieved by cyclic voltammetry through the electrostatic interaction of Fc with Trp residues within the hydrophobic pockets in @entity33345 . The Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc composite was characterised by AFM, FTIR and EDX to ensure proper immobilisation. The interaction of Fc with the enzyme was analysed by Trp fluorescence spectroscopy and the a-helicity of the protein was measured by CD spectropolarimetry. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the modified sensor was lowered (1.39k   ) and the enzyme efficiency was enhanced by more than two fold as a result of Fc incorporation. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry all demonstrated the excellent response of the Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE biosensor to @entity414 . The sensor system generated a linear response over a range of 500nM to 600 M UA, with a sensitivity and limit of detection of 1.78 A M(-1) and 230nM, respectively. The heterogeneous rate constant (ks) for UA oxidation was much higher for Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE (1.0*10(-4)cms(-1)) than for @entity7034 / @entity33345 /GCE (8.2*10(-5)cms(-1)). Real samples, i.e. @entity1 blood, were tested for serum UA and the sensor yielded accurate results at a 95% confidence limit.

title: A novel third generation XXXX biosensor using uricase electro-activated with @entity504 on a @entity19588 coated glassy @entity505 electrode.

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: A new @entity414 biosensor was constructed using @entity504 (Fc) induced electro-activated uricase ( @entity33345 ) deposited within @entity19588 (Naf) on glassy @entity505 electrode (GCE). Electro-activation of @entity33345 was successfully achieved by cyclic voltammetry through the electrostatic interaction of Fc with Trp residues within the hydrophobic pockets in @entity33345 . The Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc composite was characterised by AFM, FTIR and EDX to ensure proper immobilisation. The interaction of Fc with the enzyme was analysed by Trp fluorescence spectroscopy and the a-helicity of the protein was measured by CD spectropolarimetry. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the modified sensor was lowered (1.39k   ) and the enzyme efficiency was enhanced by more than two fold as a result of Fc incorporation. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry all demonstrated the excellent response of the Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE biosensor to @entity414 . The sensor system generated a linear response over a range of 500nM to 600 M UA, with a sensitivity and limit of detection of 1.78 A M(-1) and 230nM, respectively. The heterogeneous rate constant (ks) for UA oxidation was much higher for Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE (1.0*10(-4)cms(-1)) than for @entity7034 / @entity33345 /GCE (8.2*10(-5)cms(-1)). Real samples, i.e. @entity1 blood, were tested for serum UA and the sensor yielded accurate results at a 95% confidence limit.

title: A novel third generation @entity414 biosensor using uricase electro-activated with @entity504 on a XXXX coated glassy @entity505 electrode.

answer: @entity19588 :: (CHEBI:61428,Chemical) :: ['Nafion']


abstract: @entity9695 is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with additional antipyretic and analgesic activity. The recommended dosage is 100 to 200 mg twice daily orally or rectally. The pharmacokinetics profile of @entity9695 has been studied in @entity1 with a predisposition for altered pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetic profile of @entity9695 and its hydroxy metabolite was not altered when the drug was administered in a standard regimen (100mg twice daily) to elderly @entity1 aged < 80 years, suggesting that dosage adjustment is not necessary for such @entity1 . In @entity1 aged 7 to 9 years, @entity9695 50mg administered in a granular formulation showed a tendency for greater absorption and elimination than that recorded for adults administered @entity9695 in tablet form. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetic profile of this paediatric formulation should be assessed in @entity1 aged < 7 years to determine whether their dosage should be adjusted. In @entity1 with moderate @entity177 , the pharmacokinetic profile of @entity9695 was not altered even though the terminal elimination half-life of its @entity6845 metabolite was greater and this resulted in slight accumulation with multiple dose administration in a standard regimen. This slight effect was not considered to be clinically significant and therefore dosage adjustment for @entity1 with moderate @entity8 appears unnecessary. Administration of @entity9695 to @entity1 with severe @entity177 should be avoided until the propensity and significance of @entity71363 accumulation is quantified in this @entity1 group. The pharmacokinetic profile of @entity9695 has not been determined in @entity1 with @entity99 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of age and disease on the pharmacokinetics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6845 :: ('CHEBI:43176', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy']

entities_list: @entity71363 :: ('MESH:C055891', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy-nimesulide']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['Nimesulide', 'nimesulide']

answer: @entity9695 :: (MESH:C012655,Chemical) :: ['nimesulide']


abstract: @entity2082 is a weak complete carcinogen and potent @entity5 promoter. In vivo, @entity2082 causes a rapid but transient increase in liver growth, whereas in cultured female hepatocytes it enhances DNA synthesis induced by epidermal growth factor and is thus classified as a comitogen. The objectives of this study were to determine: (a) whether @entity53 also has comitogenic activity; (b) whether the comitogenic effects of @entity172 extend to complete hepatic mitogens other than epidermal growth factor and (c) whether inhibition of hepatocyte DNA synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta can be blocked by @entity53 . Female @entity35 hepatocytes in primary culture were exposed to @entity53 with and without various growth factors, and we determined DNA synthesis by measuring @entity665 incorporation into extracted DNA or by determining the nuclear labeling index by means of autoradiography. The results show that @entity53 , like @entity2082 , has comitogenic activity for epidermal growth factor, although it is somewhat less potent. Four complete hepatic mitogens showed different abilities to stimulate DNA synthesis, with hepatocyte growth factor > transforming growth factor-alpha > epidermal growth factor > @entity10494 . @entity53 enhanced DNA synthesis occurring in response to all four of these complete hepatic mitogens. This finding suggests that the mechanism of @entity172 comitogenesis may involve effects at a point where the different signal-transduction pathways leading from the growth factors converge. The level of @entity172 -mediated enhancement of DNA synthesis was similar for all four mitogens, ranging from 1.5 to 2.2-fold, depending on the experiment. Furthermore, determination of the nuclear labeling index showed that @entity172 enhancement of DNA synthesis was associated with an increase in the percentage of hepatocytes that responded to the growth factors. Finally, @entity53 did not specifically block the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta.

title: Comitogenic effects of XXXX on DNA synthesis induced by various growth factors in cultured female @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethinyl estradiol', 'ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity10494 :: ('25317(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acidic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: @entity2082 is a weak complete carcinogen and potent @entity5 promoter. In vivo, @entity2082 causes a rapid but transient increase in liver growth, whereas in cultured female hepatocytes it enhances DNA synthesis induced by epidermal growth factor and is thus classified as a comitogen. The objectives of this study were to determine: (a) whether @entity53 also has comitogenic activity; (b) whether the comitogenic effects of @entity172 extend to complete hepatic mitogens other than epidermal growth factor and (c) whether inhibition of hepatocyte DNA synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta can be blocked by @entity53 . Female @entity35 hepatocytes in primary culture were exposed to @entity53 with and without various growth factors, and we determined DNA synthesis by measuring @entity665 incorporation into extracted DNA or by determining the nuclear labeling index by means of autoradiography. The results show that @entity53 , like @entity2082 , has comitogenic activity for epidermal growth factor, although it is somewhat less potent. Four complete hepatic mitogens showed different abilities to stimulate DNA synthesis, with hepatocyte growth factor > transforming growth factor-alpha > epidermal growth factor > @entity10494 . @entity53 enhanced DNA synthesis occurring in response to all four of these complete hepatic mitogens. This finding suggests that the mechanism of @entity172 comitogenesis may involve effects at a point where the different signal-transduction pathways leading from the growth factors converge. The level of @entity172 -mediated enhancement of DNA synthesis was similar for all four mitogens, ranging from 1.5 to 2.2-fold, depending on the experiment. Furthermore, determination of the nuclear labeling index showed that @entity172 enhancement of DNA synthesis was associated with an increase in the percentage of hepatocytes that responded to the growth factors. Finally, @entity53 did not specifically block the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta.

title: Comitogenic effects of @entity172 on DNA synthesis induced by various growth factors in cultured female XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ) is caused by uninhibited secretion of @entity8243 from a @entity7581 . Gastrinomas most commonly arise within the wall of the duodenum followed by the pancreas. @entity1600 have also been reported in the literature. This is a case of @entity8579 where preoperative localization revealed a @entity7581 in a solitary portacaval lymph node, presumed to be a primary lymph node @entity7581 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: The @entity1 is a 57 year old female diagnosed with @entity8579 , suspected of having a primary lymph node @entity7581 . The @entity1 underwent an exploratory laparotomy and excision of a portacaval lymph node with a frozen section which was positive for @entity7581 . Intraoperative sonography of the pancreas, upper endoscopy with transillumination of the duodenum, and a duodenotomy with bimanual examination of the duodenal wall were also performed. The @entity1 was found to have a 4mm duodenal mass near the pylorus, which was excised. DISCUSSION: Pathology showed that the duodenal mass was primary @entity7581 . Serum @entity8243 levels taken four months postoperatively were normal and the repeat octreotide scan did not show any evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity1600 is a diagnosis of exclusion. The duodenum and pancreas must be fully explored to rule out a primary @entity7581 that may be occult.

title: XXXX . A diagnosis of exclusion. A case for duodenotomy in the setting of a negative imaging for primary tumor: A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Primary lymph node gastrinoma', 'Primary lymph node gastrinomas']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome', 'ZES']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['Primary lymph node gastrinoma']


abstract: Recently, we reported that @entity10696 ( @entity8083 ), a natural cofactor for hydroxylases of @entity669 and @entity2340 , has a @entity1154 -releasing action independent of its cofactor activity. Here we attempted to determine whether 6R-BH4 acts inside the cell or from the outside of the cell by using brain microdialysis in the @entity35 striatum. For this purpose, sepiapterin, and immediate precursor of 6R-BH4 in the salvage pathway, was used to selectively increase the intracellular 6R-BH4 levels. Dialytic perfusion of sepiapterin increased tissue levels of reduced biopterin (mainly 6R-BH4) but not the extracellular levels. Administration of @entity24268 increased the extracellular levels of @entity9191 ( @entity9191 ) (an index of in vivo @entity669 hydroxylase activity) and of @entity935 (DA) (an index of in vivo DA release). Either of the increases was eliminated after pretreatment with a @entity669 hydroxylase inhibitor @entity8490 . Administration of 6R-BH4 increased extracellular levels of reduced biopterin. @entity9191 , and DA. After pretreatment with @entity8490 , the increase in @entity9191 levels was abolished, but most of the increase in DA levels persisted. The increase in DA levels also persisted after pretreatment with @entity842 synthase inhibitors. These data demonstrate that 6R-BH4 stimulates DA release directly, independent of its cofactor action for @entity669 hydroxylase and @entity842 synthase, by acting from the outside of neurons.

title: XXXX -releasing action of @entity10696 : analysis of its action site using sepiapterin.

entities_list: @entity24268 :: ('MESH:C016727', 'Chemical') :: ['sepiapterin']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity9191 :: ('MESH:D004295', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine', 'DOPA']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity10696 :: ('CHEBI:59560', 'Chemical') :: ['6R-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Recently, we reported that @entity10696 ( @entity8083 ), a natural cofactor for hydroxylases of @entity669 and @entity2340 , has a @entity1154 -releasing action independent of its cofactor activity. Here we attempted to determine whether 6R-BH4 acts inside the cell or from the outside of the cell by using brain microdialysis in the @entity35 striatum. For this purpose, sepiapterin, and immediate precursor of 6R-BH4 in the salvage pathway, was used to selectively increase the intracellular 6R-BH4 levels. Dialytic perfusion of sepiapterin increased tissue levels of reduced biopterin (mainly 6R-BH4) but not the extracellular levels. Administration of @entity24268 increased the extracellular levels of @entity9191 ( @entity9191 ) (an index of in vivo @entity669 hydroxylase activity) and of @entity935 (DA) (an index of in vivo DA release). Either of the increases was eliminated after pretreatment with a @entity669 hydroxylase inhibitor @entity8490 . Administration of 6R-BH4 increased extracellular levels of reduced biopterin. @entity9191 , and DA. After pretreatment with @entity8490 , the increase in @entity9191 levels was abolished, but most of the increase in DA levels persisted. The increase in DA levels also persisted after pretreatment with @entity842 synthase inhibitors. These data demonstrate that 6R-BH4 stimulates DA release directly, independent of its cofactor action for @entity669 hydroxylase and @entity842 synthase, by acting from the outside of neurons.

title: @entity935 -releasing action of XXXX : analysis of its action site using sepiapterin.

answer: @entity10696 :: (CHEBI:59560,Chemical) :: ['6R-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin']


abstract: In previous studies two neurite growth inhibiting protein fractions of 35 and 250 kDa were identified in myelin preparations of the @entity35 CNS. These activities were not found in the myelin of PNS. A monoclonal antibody (mAb IN-1) was raised against the 250 kDa protein fraction and selected for its ability to neutralize the inhibitory effect of CNS myelin and of both isolated protein fractions. IN-1 has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to neutralize the inhibitory effect of differentiated @entity62 . In the present study, the antigens of IN-1 were localized by immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections of the adult @entity35 nervous system. The staining pattern of IN-1 was compared to that of mAbs specific for proteins found in CNS and PNS myelin. These proteins include @entity8382 , @entity8381 , and @entity30203 . IN-1 stained white matter and myelinated fibre tracts in the CNS on sections of fresh frozen tissue fixed with 95% @entity1068 : 5% @entity1543 (Clark's solution). @entity17 and spinal roots remained unstained. The staining pattern of IN-1 corresponded most closely to that of a mAb against @entity8381 , a protein which occurs exclusively in CNS myelin and on differentiated oligodendrocytes.

title: A monoclonal antibody (IN-1) which neutralizes neurite growth inhibitory proteins in the XXXX CNS recognizes antigens localized in CNS myelin.

entities_list: @entity8381 :: ('24558(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Sciatic nerve myelin']

entities_list: @entity30203 :: ('29409(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin associated glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrocytes and CNS white matter']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report an unrecognized EEG pattern occurring in @entity1 with @entity772 with @entity159 ( @entity159 ) treated with thiopental and characterized by a high amplitude generalized sharp wave that was induced by isolated or repetitive low frequency photic or tactile stimulation (stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 ). METHODS: Review of clinical and EEG records of 4 @entity1 with stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 identified among @entity1 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) of our institution who underwent EEG monitoring between July 2011 and January 2013. RESULTS: Four @entity1 had refractory @entity159 secondary to @entity99 , @entity1313 , immunomediated @entity75 , or anti- @entity143 @entity198 . All of them were treated with several antiepileptic drugs and anesthetics, but stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 were only recorded after control of @entity159 with thiopental. The discharges occurred without associated clinical manifestations. Two @entity1 died in the ICU, and two had a favorable outcome. Stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 were not recorded in 240 critically ill @entity1 admitted to the ICU who had an EEG recorded during this period. Twenty-two of them were in @entity159 , and only one was treated with thiopental. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 is an EEG pattern occurring in @entity1 with @entity159 treated with thiopental. The clinical relevance and pathophysiology of stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 remain to be clarified.

title: Stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 : an unrecognized EEG pattern in refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['nonconvulsive status epilepticus', 'NCSE']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['nonconvulsive status epilepticus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report an unrecognized EEG pattern occurring in @entity1 with @entity772 with @entity159 ( @entity159 ) treated with thiopental and characterized by a high amplitude generalized sharp wave that was induced by isolated or repetitive low frequency photic or tactile stimulation (stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 ). METHODS: Review of clinical and EEG records of 4 @entity1 with stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 identified among @entity1 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) of our institution who underwent EEG monitoring between July 2011 and January 2013. RESULTS: Four @entity1 had refractory @entity159 secondary to @entity99 , @entity1313 , immunomediated @entity75 , or anti- @entity143 @entity198 . All of them were treated with several antiepileptic drugs and anesthetics, but stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 were only recorded after control of @entity159 with thiopental. The discharges occurred without associated clinical manifestations. Two @entity1 died in the ICU, and two had a favorable outcome. Stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 were not recorded in 240 critically ill @entity1 admitted to the ICU who had an EEG recorded during this period. Twenty-two of them were in @entity159 , and only one was treated with thiopental. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 is an EEG pattern occurring in @entity1 with @entity159 treated with thiopental. The clinical relevance and pathophysiology of stimulus-induced generalized @entity302 remain to be clarified.

title: Stimulus-induced generalized XXXX : an unrecognized EEG pattern in refractory @entity159 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform discharges']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity739 ( @entity739 ) are a devastating @entity302 of infancy. Analysis of infraslow EEG activity (ISA) has shown potential in the presurgical evaluation of @entity1 with @entity302 and in differentiating between focal and @entity6191 . Infraslow EEG activity analysis may provide insights into the pathophysiology of some @entity302 , such as @entity739 . To our knowledge, there are no published reports describing ISA in @entity1 with @entity739 . The purpose of this study was to describe ictal patterns of ISA in @entity1 with @entity739 and to correlate with clinical data. METHODS: EEG recordings of all cases of @entity739 in the past 10 years at the Alberta @entity1 's Hospital were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were a technically adequate video EEG recording that captured at least one @entity2473 . For each @entity1 , the first 10 confirmed @entity2473 were examined. Spasms were evaluated for changes in ISA, which were either generalized, lateralized, or absent ISA (g-ISA, l-ISA, or n-ISA, respectively). Results were correlated with treatments, clinical course, and information pertinent to likely etiology of the @entity739 . RESULTS: A total of 77% of @entity2473 were associated with ISA; 57% with g-ISA, 20% l-ISA, and 21% n-ISA. All @entity1 with exclusively g-ISA showed at least a partial response to initial therapy, while this was the case in 66.7% of those with at least some l-ISA and 50% of those with exclusively n-ISA. Other @entity410 types occurred in 60% of @entity1 with exclusively g-ISA versus 83% with some l-ISA and all @entity1 with exclusively n-ISA. CONCLUSIONS: Ictal ISA was observed in the majority of @entity739 . Trends were observed suggesting that the presence of exclusive g-ISA changes may be a positive prognostic factor in @entity739 .

title: Infraslow EEG changes in infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile spasms', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['difficult-to-treat epilepsy syndromes', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic encephalopathy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsy syndromes']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasms']


abstract: The levels of 16 @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) were determined in the liver, kidney, gills and muscle tissues of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus; n=16), and @entity21961 ( @entity21961 ; n=7) collected from coastal waters of the South Caspian Sea from March and April 2011. The distribution and composition pattern of @entity2556 in the different tissues of sturgeons, and the effects of lipid content in sturgeon tissues and the @entity10333 -water partition coefficient (Kow) of @entity2556 congeners on them were analyzed. The levels of total @entity2556 in the various tissues of Persian sturgeon and @entity21961 ranged from 2.095 to 6.587 and 1.942 to 6.206 gg(-1)dw, respectively. @entity21961 showed significantly higher levels of heavy @entity2556 (   4-rings) than Persian sturgeon. The analysis has revealed a high degree of differential accumulation of the studied @entity2556 in the tissues of the both species. Low molecular weight @entity2556 predominated in the sturgeons, accounting for 81.89% of the total @entity2556 . Among the sixteen tested @entity2556 , @entity12683 was the most dominant congener, followed by @entity11966 and @entity11965 . The @entity2556 levels and distribution in the tissues of sturgeons are dependent on both the Kow of @entity2556 congeners and the lipid content in these tissues. There was a significant positive relationship (r=0.868, p<0.005) between lipid content and @entity2556 levels. The statistically significant negative relationships (p<0.01) were found between log Kow and log-transformed @entity2556 levels for muscle tissues of both sturgeon species.

title: Distribution and composition pattern of XXXX in different tissues of sturgeons collected from Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity21961 :: ('7903', 'Species') :: ['Stellate sturgeon', 'Acipenser stellatus']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Infection of @entity1 with verotoxin-producing @entity526 (VTEC) O113:H21 is associated with clinical features comparable to those associated with @entity281 with attaching and effacing VTEC strains including those of serotype O157:H7. We have shown previously that the adhesion phenotype of VTEC O157:H7 is influenced by the presence of a homolog of the chromosomal eaeA (for @entity526 attaching and effacing) gene. In contrast, by colony blot hybridization, VTEC O113:H21 is negative for the eaeA gene. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define the adhesion phenotype of VTEC O113:H21 strain CL-15 to both cultured epithelial cells (HEp-2) and @entity95 intestine in vivo. Under transmission electron microscopy, areas of microvillus effacement were observed in regions directly beneath the organism in @entity281 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, F-actin adhesion pedestals on the host plasma membrane were absent. Failure of CL-15 to induce polymerization of actin was confirmed by using staining of F-actin with @entity941 -labeled @entity6286 . Under indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, @entity281 HEp-2 cells also failed to demonstrate the recruitment of another cytoskeletal element, @entity8859 , below foci of bacterial adhesion. In contrast, VTEC O157:H7 @entity281 of HEp-2 cells was associated with increased @entity8859 immunofluorescence. These findings suggest that bacterial factors distinct from those of EaeA are necessary for the adhesion phenotype of VTEC O113:H21.

title: Distinct binding properties of eaeA-negative verocytotoxin-producing XXXX of serotype O113:H21.

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'CL-15-infected']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social cognition has been shown to be affected in @entity162 , even during euthymia. However, the social cognitive profile of this group of disorders remains to be ascertained, given that such a broad neuropsychological construct has not been systematically examined in bipolar subjects across different tasks. The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of @entity1 -control differences for distinct social cognition assessment instruments: the Hinting Task, the Eyes Test, Faux Pas, the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, and emotional labeling using visual stimuli. METHOD: Effect sizes were extracted from studies chosen according to more stringent criteria than previously used in systematic reviews on the topic and pooled by means of meta-analytical procedures. RESULTS: No significant @entity1 -control differences were found for the recognition of three basic emotions (happiness, sadness, and anger). Small but significant effect sizes favoring healthy controls (Hedges*  g<0.5) were noted for emotional intelligence, the Hinting Task, the Eyes Test, and the recognition of fear, disgust, and surprise. A medium effect size (Hedges*  g=0.58) was noted for the Faux Pas Test. LIMITATIONS: The possible effects of other @entity149 on social cognitive performance could not be explored. CONCLUSION: On average, small-to-moderate differences may exist between euthymic @entity162 subjects and healthy controls regarding social cognitive performance, with mental state decoding being more preserved than mental state reasoning. The influence of clinical and neurocognitive variables, which may play an important role in the social cognitive outcomes of these @entity1 , deserves further clarification.

title: An individual task meta-analysis of social cognition in euthymic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairments']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic @entity2332 is considered beneficial to @entity64 @entity1 . However, many complications ensue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new invasive regional cooling device in @entity2806 in a @entity35 model. METHODS: After a pilot study confirming the efficiency of the cooling device, 15 adult male @entity35 , weighing 300-400  g, were randomly assigned into three groups: cooling device applied at 14  C and at 26  C, and a sham group. Focal @entity2806 was achieved by electrocauterization of the left middle cerebral artery through craniectomy and temporal occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 3 hours. Within 30 minutes after the end of @entity63 , the cooling device was inserted into the @entity35 brain through a stereotactic frame to provide regional @entity2332 for 2 hours. The @entity35 were sacrificed immediately after the 2-hour regional @entity2332 . RESULTS: Although @entity5045 staining showed smaller @entity2806 in both the 26  C and 14  C groups compared to the control group, Fluoro Jade C staining showed no neuroprotective effects in the rostrum cerebral cortex in both groups. However, both @entity5045 and Fluoro Jade C staining indicated significant beneficial effects in the caudal cerebral cortex in @entity35 with cooling device applied at 26  C compared to the 14  C and control groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the device can effectively achieve regional @entity2332 and could be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity2806 during the acute phase.

title: Protective effect against focal XXXX in acute phase of a novel invasive device for regional @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic injury', 'ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic @entity2332 is considered beneficial to @entity64 @entity1 . However, many complications ensue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new invasive regional cooling device in @entity2806 in a @entity35 model. METHODS: After a pilot study confirming the efficiency of the cooling device, 15 adult male @entity35 , weighing 300-400  g, were randomly assigned into three groups: cooling device applied at 14  C and at 26  C, and a sham group. Focal @entity2806 was achieved by electrocauterization of the left middle cerebral artery through craniectomy and temporal occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 3 hours. Within 30 minutes after the end of @entity63 , the cooling device was inserted into the @entity35 brain through a stereotactic frame to provide regional @entity2332 for 2 hours. The @entity35 were sacrificed immediately after the 2-hour regional @entity2332 . RESULTS: Although @entity5045 staining showed smaller @entity2806 in both the 26  C and 14  C groups compared to the control group, Fluoro Jade C staining showed no neuroprotective effects in the rostrum cerebral cortex in both groups. However, both @entity5045 and Fluoro Jade C staining indicated significant beneficial effects in the caudal cerebral cortex in @entity35 with cooling device applied at 26  C compared to the 14  C and control groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the device can effectively achieve regional @entity2332 and could be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity2806 during the acute phase.

title: Protective effect against focal @entity2806 in acute phase of a novel invasive device for regional XXXX .

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medication-induced @entity25 are a major concern in drug development as a multitude of prescription drugs alter sleep patterns, often negatively. Polysomnography is used in clinical diagnostics but is also applicable to animal models. Rodent sleep architecture (nocturnal) differs from larger diurnal mammals, including @entity1 , increasing the translational potential of non-rodent species to the clinic. This study aimed to characterize the response to pharmacological agents known to affect sleep structure and EEG activity in a non- @entity1 primate ( @entity5434 ) using telemetry-based polysomnography. METHODS: Animals were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for continuous electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-oculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring combined with video. EEG, EMG and EOG were monitored for 12 to 24h to establish baseline values, followed by administration of pharmacological agents (saline, @entity2254 , @entity3175 or @entity5834 ). RESULTS: @entity4944 (0.3 and 1mg/kg, by oral administration (PO)) significantly reduced total sleep time, including the duration of both non-rapid eye movement [NREM] sleep and REM sleep. It also decreased EEG activity in low frequencies (i.e., 4-6Hz) during wakefulness. @entity3175 (2mg/kg, PO) did not significantly alter sleep duration, but importantly reduced EEG activity in low frequencies (approximately 2-12Hz) during wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep. Finally, @entity5834 (10 and 30mg/kg, PO) decreased both NREM and REM sleep duration. In addition, spectral analysis revealed important decreases in low frequency activity (i.e., 1-8Hz) during wakefulness with a parallel increase in high frequency activity (i.e., 20-50Hz) during NREM sleep. DISCUSSION: As these observations are similar to previously reported pharmacological effects in @entity1 , results support that EEG, EOG and EMG monitoring by telemetry in @entity5434 represents a useful non-clinical model to investigate and quantify drug-induced @entity25 .

title: Reprint of "Effects of @entity4944 , XXXX and @entity5834 on polysomnography (EEG, EMG, EOG)-derived variables measured using telemetry in @entity5434 ".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis', 'Cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medication-induced @entity25 are a major concern in drug development as a multitude of prescription drugs alter sleep patterns, often negatively. Polysomnography is used in clinical diagnostics but is also applicable to animal models. Rodent sleep architecture (nocturnal) differs from larger diurnal mammals, including @entity1 , increasing the translational potential of non-rodent species to the clinic. This study aimed to characterize the response to pharmacological agents known to affect sleep structure and EEG activity in a non- @entity1 primate ( @entity5434 ) using telemetry-based polysomnography. METHODS: Animals were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for continuous electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-oculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring combined with video. EEG, EMG and EOG were monitored for 12 to 24h to establish baseline values, followed by administration of pharmacological agents (saline, @entity2254 , @entity3175 or @entity5834 ). RESULTS: @entity4944 (0.3 and 1mg/kg, by oral administration (PO)) significantly reduced total sleep time, including the duration of both non-rapid eye movement [NREM] sleep and REM sleep. It also decreased EEG activity in low frequencies (i.e., 4-6Hz) during wakefulness. @entity3175 (2mg/kg, PO) did not significantly alter sleep duration, but importantly reduced EEG activity in low frequencies (approximately 2-12Hz) during wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep. Finally, @entity5834 (10 and 30mg/kg, PO) decreased both NREM and REM sleep duration. In addition, spectral analysis revealed important decreases in low frequency activity (i.e., 1-8Hz) during wakefulness with a parallel increase in high frequency activity (i.e., 20-50Hz) during NREM sleep. DISCUSSION: As these observations are similar to previously reported pharmacological effects in @entity1 , results support that EEG, EOG and EMG monitoring by telemetry in @entity5434 represents a useful non-clinical model to investigate and quantify drug-induced @entity25 .

title: Reprint of "Effects of XXXX , @entity3175 and @entity5834 on polysomnography (EEG, EMG, EOG)-derived variables measured using telemetry in @entity5434 ".

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medication-induced @entity25 are a major concern in drug development as a multitude of prescription drugs alter sleep patterns, often negatively. Polysomnography is used in clinical diagnostics but is also applicable to animal models. Rodent sleep architecture (nocturnal) differs from larger diurnal mammals, including @entity1 , increasing the translational potential of non-rodent species to the clinic. This study aimed to characterize the response to pharmacological agents known to affect sleep structure and EEG activity in a non- @entity1 primate ( @entity5434 ) using telemetry-based polysomnography. METHODS: Animals were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for continuous electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-oculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring combined with video. EEG, EMG and EOG were monitored for 12 to 24h to establish baseline values, followed by administration of pharmacological agents (saline, @entity2254 , @entity3175 or @entity5834 ). RESULTS: @entity4944 (0.3 and 1mg/kg, by oral administration (PO)) significantly reduced total sleep time, including the duration of both non-rapid eye movement [NREM] sleep and REM sleep. It also decreased EEG activity in low frequencies (i.e., 4-6Hz) during wakefulness. @entity3175 (2mg/kg, PO) did not significantly alter sleep duration, but importantly reduced EEG activity in low frequencies (approximately 2-12Hz) during wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep. Finally, @entity5834 (10 and 30mg/kg, PO) decreased both NREM and REM sleep duration. In addition, spectral analysis revealed important decreases in low frequency activity (i.e., 1-8Hz) during wakefulness with a parallel increase in high frequency activity (i.e., 20-50Hz) during NREM sleep. DISCUSSION: As these observations are similar to previously reported pharmacological effects in @entity1 , results support that EEG, EOG and EMG monitoring by telemetry in @entity5434 represents a useful non-clinical model to investigate and quantify drug-induced @entity25 .

title: Reprint of "Effects of @entity4944 , @entity3175 and @entity5834 on polysomnography (EEG, EMG, EOG)-derived variables measured using telemetry in XXXX ".

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medication-induced @entity25 are a major concern in drug development as a multitude of prescription drugs alter sleep patterns, often negatively. Polysomnography is used in clinical diagnostics but is also applicable to animal models. Rodent sleep architecture (nocturnal) differs from larger diurnal mammals, including @entity1 , increasing the translational potential of non-rodent species to the clinic. This study aimed to characterize the response to pharmacological agents known to affect sleep structure and EEG activity in a non- @entity1 primate ( @entity5434 ) using telemetry-based polysomnography. METHODS: Animals were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for continuous electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-oculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring combined with video. EEG, EMG and EOG were monitored for 12 to 24h to establish baseline values, followed by administration of pharmacological agents (saline, @entity2254 , @entity3175 or @entity5834 ). RESULTS: @entity4944 (0.3 and 1mg/kg, by oral administration (PO)) significantly reduced total sleep time, including the duration of both non-rapid eye movement [NREM] sleep and REM sleep. It also decreased EEG activity in low frequencies (i.e., 4-6Hz) during wakefulness. @entity3175 (2mg/kg, PO) did not significantly alter sleep duration, but importantly reduced EEG activity in low frequencies (approximately 2-12Hz) during wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep. Finally, @entity5834 (10 and 30mg/kg, PO) decreased both NREM and REM sleep duration. In addition, spectral analysis revealed important decreases in low frequency activity (i.e., 1-8Hz) during wakefulness with a parallel increase in high frequency activity (i.e., 20-50Hz) during NREM sleep. DISCUSSION: As these observations are similar to previously reported pharmacological effects in @entity1 , results support that EEG, EOG and EMG monitoring by telemetry in @entity5434 represents a useful non-clinical model to investigate and quantify drug-induced @entity25 .

title: Reprint of "Effects of @entity4944 , @entity3175 and XXXX on polysomnography (EEG, EMG, EOG)-derived variables measured using telemetry in @entity5434 ".

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess a program in which @entity497 ( @entity497 ) provided @entity1 with self-sampling devices to detect high-risk @entity1082 ). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 13 @entity497 visited homes in a rural area in Haiti's Central Plateau to recruit premenopausal @entity1 aged 30-50years between July 2009 and April 2010. Eligible @entity1 had not undergone a cervical smear in the previous 3years. @entity1 learned about cervical @entity5 and self-sampling for HPV testing before using a self-sampler in private. They then completed a questionnaire. @entity497 later returned to provide results and advice about follow-up care. RESULTS: @entity497 enrolled 493 @entity1 . Among the 485 @entity1 for whom questionnaires were received, 468 (96.5%) were comfortable using the self-sampler and 484 (99.8%) stated they would recommend it to others. Among 426 analyzed samples, 54 (12.7%) were positive for high-risk HPV, of whom 46 (85.2%) received follow-up care and 17 (31.5%) had precursor lesions and were treated. CONCLUSION: Using a CHW-led intervention, @entity1 at high risk for developing cervical @entity5 were identified and navigated to preventive care. Therefore, pairing @entity497 with HPV self-sampling is a promising strategy to combat cervical @entity5 and similar settings.

title: Pairing XXXX with HPV self-sampling for cervical @entity5 prevention in rural Haiti.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health workers', 'CHWs']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer in rural Haiti', 'cancer']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community health workers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess a program in which @entity497 ( @entity497 ) provided @entity1 with self-sampling devices to detect high-risk @entity1082 ). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 13 @entity497 visited homes in a rural area in Haiti's Central Plateau to recruit premenopausal @entity1 aged 30-50years between July 2009 and April 2010. Eligible @entity1 had not undergone a cervical smear in the previous 3years. @entity1 learned about cervical @entity5 and self-sampling for HPV testing before using a self-sampler in private. They then completed a questionnaire. @entity497 later returned to provide results and advice about follow-up care. RESULTS: @entity497 enrolled 493 @entity1 . Among the 485 @entity1 for whom questionnaires were received, 468 (96.5%) were comfortable using the self-sampler and 484 (99.8%) stated they would recommend it to others. Among 426 analyzed samples, 54 (12.7%) were positive for high-risk HPV, of whom 46 (85.2%) received follow-up care and 17 (31.5%) had precursor lesions and were treated. CONCLUSION: Using a CHW-led intervention, @entity1 at high risk for developing cervical @entity5 were identified and navigated to preventive care. Therefore, pairing @entity497 with HPV self-sampling is a promising strategy to combat cervical @entity5 and similar settings.

title: Pairing @entity497 with HPV self-sampling for cervical XXXX prevention in rural Haiti.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Goal pursuit is known to be impaired in @entity161 , but nothing much is known in these @entity1 about unconscious affective processes underlying goal pursuit. Evidence suggests that in healthy individuals positive subliminal cues are taken as a signal that goal pursuit is easy and therefore reduce the effort that is mobilized for goal attainment. @entity1 with @entity161 and healthy controls were instructed that a long run of successive correct responses in a visual attention task would entitle them to a reward (the goal to attain). Affective pictures were displayed supraliminally or subliminally during each run and electrophysiological activity was recorded. @entity1 self-assessed the emotional content of the pictures correctly. However, differences between @entity1 and controls emerged during the goal pursuit task. Healthy controls mobilized less effort for the positive than the neutral subliminal pictures, as suggested by @entity101 and the weaker contingent negative variation ( @entity471 ). For the @entity1 , no influence of positive subliminal pictures was found on performance and on the @entity471 . Similarly the influence of positive pictures was absent or abnormal on components which are usually impaired in @entity1 (fronto-central P2 and N2). In contrast, positive pictures influenced normally the parieto-occipital N2, related to a component of visual attention which has been proposed to be preserved in @entity161 . The present study indicates the difficulties of @entity1 to modulate effort mobilization during goal pursuit in the presence of positive subliminal cues. The results question the role of @entity73 on affective influences.

title: Influence of positive subliminal and supraliminal affective cues on goal pursuit in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased error rates']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether guided deep breathing using a device improves breathlessness, quality of life, and breathing pattern in moderate and severe stage of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHODS: In total, 150 @entity1 participated in a double-blind randomized controlled trial in a four-week intervention and a four-month follow-up. @entity1 were randomized into a guided deep breathing group (GDBG), music listening group (MLG), or sitting still group (SSG). The @entity1 ' symptom score using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and a Global Rating Change scale (GRC) was applied to measure breathlessness as primary outcome. The activity score and impact score of SRGQ, and breathing pattern were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Positive effects of the GDBG were detected in GRC scale in breathlessness at four weeks (p=0.03) with remaining effect compared to MLG (p=0.04), but not to SSG at four months follow-up. GDBG showed positive effect for respiratory rate (p<0.001) at four weeks follow-up. A positive significant change (p<0.05-0.01) was found in all groups of SGRQ symptom score. CONCLUSION: GDBG had a beneficial effect on respiratory pattern and breathlessness. MLG and SSG also yielded significant improvements. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Guided deep breathing may be used as a self-management procedure.

title: Effects of guided deep breathing on breathlessness and the breathing pattern in XXXX : A double-blind randomized control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity779 is the commonest arthropod-borne @entity281 worldwide. In recent years, rapid growth in global air travel has resulted in a considerable increase in the incidence of imported cases. In Romania it is now the second most frequent cause for hospitalization (after @entity311 ) in @entity1 arriving from tropical regions. METHODS: Serological and molecular diagnostics were applied to samples obtained between 2008 and 2013 from travelers with suspected dengue. Molecular typing was performed by RT-PCR followed by sequencing of the E-NS1 junction. RESULTS: Twelve of 37 suspected cases were confirmed and three remained probable. The @entity281 were acquired in endemic regions in Asia, Africa and in Europe (Madeira Island). Dengue virus nucleic acid was detected and sequenced in nine cases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viruses were of genotypes I and V of serotype 1, cosmopolitan genotype of serotype 2 and genotypes I and III of serotype 3. CONCLUSIONS: Romanian tourists traveling to dengue-endemic countries are at risk of acquiring @entity281 . Appropriate prevention measures prior to travel and upon return should be taken, particularly as the dengue secondary vector @entity197 is now established in Bucharest.

title: Molecular epidemiology of XXXX imported into Romania between 2008 and 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue fever']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue fever cases']


abstract: In response to @entity2421 stress, cells of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) undergo swelling followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and a transient release of organic osmolytes such as @entity5121 . In this study, we tested the hypothesis whether membrane recycling is involved in the latter process. Therefore, the state of submembranal actin and the cellular uptake or release of the fluid-phase marker @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-dextran ( @entity10751 ) were investigated as related to changes in membrane permeability for @entity5121 . After exposure to @entity2421 medium the submembranal actin web rapidly disaggregated but it started to reorganize after 5 min of incubation. The basal-lateral pole of IMCD cells showed a significant uptake of extracellular @entity10751 after 100 sec. After 5 min, part of this fluorescence intensity had moved towards the cell center but the main part remained submembranal. Disintegration of the actin network by cytochalasin D diminished the uptake of @entity10751 during @entity2421 as did a permanent increase in intracellular @entity460 induced by @entity1360 treatment. During a second osmotic stimulation of IMCD cells preloaded with @entity10751 , @entity10751 was released in a linear time course reaching a plateau after 1 min. Isotonic @entity1360 treatment of preloaded cells also generated a rapid @entity10751 release during the first minute but induced a further 2-fold increase during the next 4 min. Under both conditions initial @entity10751 release was highly correlated with the simultaneously determined increase in @entity5121 permeability. A similar strong correlation was found when different incubation temperatures were used (0 degree C, 15 degrees C, 37 degrees C). These results suggest that during exposure of IMCD cells to @entity2421 the submembranal actin web rapidly disintegrates, and "reserve" vesicles, probably containing @entity5121 transporter, move to and fuse with the basal-lateral plasma membrane. The fusion causes a rapid increase in @entity5121 permeability. These membrane areas are recovered by internalization, and the transport systems for @entity5121 are concomitantly retrieved. In parallel to this internalization the submembranal actin filament network is rearranged. This process seems to be regulated by changes in intracellular @entity460 .

title: Membrane traffic and XXXX release during osmo- and volume regulation in isolated rat renal inner medullary collecting duct cells.

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic', 'hypotonicity']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5121 :: (MESH:D013012,Chemical) :: ['sorbitol']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to compare total paracentesis associated with dextran-40 infusion with diuretics in the treatment of tense @entity843 in @entity1 with @entity82 . Eighty @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: 40 @entity1 were treated with paracentesis plus dextran-40 infusion (8 g per liter of ascitic fluid removed), and 40 @entity1 with diuretics. After treatment @entity1 were discharged with diuretics, and @entity1 developing tense @entity843 during follow up (54 +/- 4 weeks) were treated according to their initial schedule. Paracentesis was more effective than diuretics in mobilizing the ascitic fluid. The incidence of complications was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the diuretic group (38%) than in the paracentesis group (15%). This difference was mainly due to a higher incidence of @entity99 in the former group (30% vs. 2.5%). A significantly higher incidence of @entity99 was also observed in the diuretic group during the follow-up readmissions for @entity843 recurrence. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the probability of survival after inclusion. Plasma @entity916 activity and plasma @entity1369 concentration measured before and 2 and 6 days after paracentesis in 20 randomly selected @entity1 increased significantly (p < 0.05) (baseline values: 5.3 +/- 1.4 ng.ml-1.h-1 and 63 +/- 21 ng/dl; 48 h after paracentesis: 11.7 +/- 3.9 ng.ml-1.h-1 and 99 +/- 31 ng/dl; 6 days after paracentesis: 10.9 +/- 3 ng.ml-1.h-1 and 110 +/- 27 ng/dl).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Total paracentesis with dextran 40 vs diuretics in the treatment of XXXX in @entity82 : a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to compare total paracentesis associated with dextran-40 infusion with diuretics in the treatment of tense @entity843 in @entity1 with @entity82 . Eighty @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: 40 @entity1 were treated with paracentesis plus dextran-40 infusion (8 g per liter of ascitic fluid removed), and 40 @entity1 with diuretics. After treatment @entity1 were discharged with diuretics, and @entity1 developing tense @entity843 during follow up (54 +/- 4 weeks) were treated according to their initial schedule. Paracentesis was more effective than diuretics in mobilizing the ascitic fluid. The incidence of complications was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the diuretic group (38%) than in the paracentesis group (15%). This difference was mainly due to a higher incidence of @entity99 in the former group (30% vs. 2.5%). A significantly higher incidence of @entity99 was also observed in the diuretic group during the follow-up readmissions for @entity843 recurrence. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the probability of survival after inclusion. Plasma @entity916 activity and plasma @entity1369 concentration measured before and 2 and 6 days after paracentesis in 20 randomly selected @entity1 increased significantly (p < 0.05) (baseline values: 5.3 +/- 1.4 ng.ml-1.h-1 and 63 +/- 21 ng/dl; 48 h after paracentesis: 11.7 +/- 3.9 ng.ml-1.h-1 and 99 +/- 31 ng/dl; 6 days after paracentesis: 10.9 +/- 3 ng.ml-1.h-1 and 110 +/- 27 ng/dl).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Total paracentesis with dextran 40 vs diuretics in the treatment of @entity843 in XXXX : a randomized controlled study.

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: @entity189 are rare genital @entity5 . In a retrospective study on 21 @entity1 factors influencing the quality of life and sexual function were investigated. All @entity1 were interviewed according to the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire (FSFI) and the Short Form 12(  ) questionnaire (SF12). RESULTS: We identified 21 @entity1 that had been operated for @entity189 FIGO stage I or IIIa in the years 2006-2008. @entity1 that had  adjuvant radiotherapy were excluded. 14 @entity1 had been treated by a wide excision, the other 7 by a vulvectomy. 10 @entity1 had undergone a total inguinal lymphadenectomy, 5 @entity1 a sentinel node biopsy. In a multivariate analysis lymphadenectomy was the only factor influencing the @entity1 ' sexual function: @entity1 without lymphadenectomy or with sentinel node biopsy scored better in terms of sexual function, neither age nor the extend of the surgery resulted in a significant difference. CONCLUSION: The lymphadenectomy has a negative influence on the @entity1 ' sexual function after surgical treatment for @entity189 . The indication for lymphadenectomy should hence be seen critically.

title: Quality of life and sexual function after surgery in early stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'Vulvar carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways must sometimes be done during orthodromic @entity2917 when manifest anterograde accessory pathway conduction is absent or retrograde fusion obscures accessory pathway location during ventricular pacing. Unfortunately, abrupt heart rate slowing upon radiofrequency induced termination of @entity2917 often causes catheter dislodgment. We report our experience in circumventing this problem during radiofrequency ablation by using entrainment of @entity2917 . The latter maintains retrograde activation pattern over the accessory pathway while preventing abrupt ventricular rate change. Eight @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , mean age 37.3 +/- 17.9) with eleven left-sided accessory pathways were included. Ablation during entrainment was used as the first approach in three @entity1 with concealed accessory pathways and one @entity1 with a bidirectional accessory pathway. In another four @entity1 , ablation during entrainment was used after technical difficulties in ablating during @entity591 . Only 1-3 radiofrequency applications were required to eliminate the accessory pathway using the entrainment technique. The catheter remained stable when accessory pathway conduction was interrupted by radiofrequency current. In conclusion, entrainment of @entity2917 during radiofrequency application is useful for maintaining catheter position for accessory pathway ablation during @entity2917 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways during entrainment of AV reentrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is considered to be a protective factor against development of @entity170 . But @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) are likely to increase the risk of @entity170 . This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various @entity1697 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Forty one @entity1 (study group) with @entity6 (mean age 51.9  5.5 yr; 31 females) receiving treatment with @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) [ @entity12721 alone (n=14) or in combination with other @entity1697 (n=27)] for a period of at least three consecutive years and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age 51.4  5.1 yr) were included in the study. A detailed clinical history was taken and all were subjected to physical examination and recording of anthropometric data. @entity79 was assessed for both @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: The mean body mass index (kg/m [2] ) (26.5  4.90 vs 27.3   5.33) and median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] duration of menopause (yr) among @entity1 [6(2-12) vs 6(1-13)] were comparable between both groups. The @entity79 ( @entity79 ; g/cm [2] ) at the level of neck of femur (NOF) (0.761  0.112 vs 0.762  0.110), lumbar spine antero-posterior view (LSAP) (0.849  0.127 vs 0.854  0.135); median Z-score NOF {0.100[(-0.850)-(0.550)] vs -0.200[(-0.800)-(0.600)]}, LSAP {-1.200[(-1.700)-(-0.200)] vs -1.300 [(-1.85)-(-0.400)]} were also similar in study and control groups. Presence of normal @entity79 (9/41 vs 8/41), @entity2331 (16/41 vs 18/41) and @entity170 (16/41 vs 15/41) were comparable between the study and control groups. No significant difference was observed in the @entity79 , T-scores and Z-scores at NOF and LSAP among @entity6 @entity1 treated with @entity12721 ; those treated with other @entity1697 and controls. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that the use of @entity1697 for a period of three years or more does not significantly affect the @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Effect of @entity1697 on bone metabolism in @entity1 with @entity6 _ occurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral hypoglycaemic agents', 'OHA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is considered to be a protective factor against development of @entity170 . But @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) are likely to increase the risk of @entity170 . This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various @entity1697 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Forty one @entity1 (study group) with @entity6 (mean age 51.9  5.5 yr; 31 females) receiving treatment with @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) [ @entity12721 alone (n=14) or in combination with other @entity1697 (n=27)] for a period of at least three consecutive years and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age 51.4  5.1 yr) were included in the study. A detailed clinical history was taken and all were subjected to physical examination and recording of anthropometric data. @entity79 was assessed for both @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: The mean body mass index (kg/m [2] ) (26.5  4.90 vs 27.3   5.33) and median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] duration of menopause (yr) among @entity1 [6(2-12) vs 6(1-13)] were comparable between both groups. The @entity79 ( @entity79 ; g/cm [2] ) at the level of neck of femur (NOF) (0.761  0.112 vs 0.762  0.110), lumbar spine antero-posterior view (LSAP) (0.849  0.127 vs 0.854  0.135); median Z-score NOF {0.100[(-0.850)-(0.550)] vs -0.200[(-0.800)-(0.600)]}, LSAP {-1.200[(-1.700)-(-0.200)] vs -1.300 [(-1.85)-(-0.400)]} were also similar in study and control groups. Presence of normal @entity79 (9/41 vs 8/41), @entity2331 (16/41 vs 18/41) and @entity170 (16/41 vs 15/41) were comparable between the study and control groups. No significant difference was observed in the @entity79 , T-scores and Z-scores at NOF and LSAP among @entity6 @entity1 treated with @entity12721 ; those treated with other @entity1697 and controls. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that the use of @entity1697 for a period of three years or more does not significantly affect the @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Effect of XXXX on bone metabolism in @entity1 with @entity6 _ occurrence of @entity170 .

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['oral hypoglycaemic agents']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is considered to be a protective factor against development of @entity170 . But @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) are likely to increase the risk of @entity170 . This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various @entity1697 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Forty one @entity1 (study group) with @entity6 (mean age 51.9  5.5 yr; 31 females) receiving treatment with @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) [ @entity12721 alone (n=14) or in combination with other @entity1697 (n=27)] for a period of at least three consecutive years and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age 51.4  5.1 yr) were included in the study. A detailed clinical history was taken and all were subjected to physical examination and recording of anthropometric data. @entity79 was assessed for both @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: The mean body mass index (kg/m [2] ) (26.5  4.90 vs 27.3   5.33) and median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] duration of menopause (yr) among @entity1 [6(2-12) vs 6(1-13)] were comparable between both groups. The @entity79 ( @entity79 ; g/cm [2] ) at the level of neck of femur (NOF) (0.761  0.112 vs 0.762  0.110), lumbar spine antero-posterior view (LSAP) (0.849  0.127 vs 0.854  0.135); median Z-score NOF {0.100[(-0.850)-(0.550)] vs -0.200[(-0.800)-(0.600)]}, LSAP {-1.200[(-1.700)-(-0.200)] vs -1.300 [(-1.85)-(-0.400)]} were also similar in study and control groups. Presence of normal @entity79 (9/41 vs 8/41), @entity2331 (16/41 vs 18/41) and @entity170 (16/41 vs 15/41) were comparable between the study and control groups. No significant difference was observed in the @entity79 , T-scores and Z-scores at NOF and LSAP among @entity6 @entity1 treated with @entity12721 ; those treated with other @entity1697 and controls. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that the use of @entity1697 for a period of three years or more does not significantly affect the @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Effect of @entity1697 on bone metabolism in @entity1 with XXXX _ occurrence of @entity170 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is considered to be a protective factor against development of @entity170 . But @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) are likely to increase the risk of @entity170 . This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various @entity1697 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Forty one @entity1 (study group) with @entity6 (mean age 51.9  5.5 yr; 31 females) receiving treatment with @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) [ @entity12721 alone (n=14) or in combination with other @entity1697 (n=27)] for a period of at least three consecutive years and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age 51.4  5.1 yr) were included in the study. A detailed clinical history was taken and all were subjected to physical examination and recording of anthropometric data. @entity79 was assessed for both @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: The mean body mass index (kg/m [2] ) (26.5  4.90 vs 27.3   5.33) and median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] duration of menopause (yr) among @entity1 [6(2-12) vs 6(1-13)] were comparable between both groups. The @entity79 ( @entity79 ; g/cm [2] ) at the level of neck of femur (NOF) (0.761  0.112 vs 0.762  0.110), lumbar spine antero-posterior view (LSAP) (0.849  0.127 vs 0.854  0.135); median Z-score NOF {0.100[(-0.850)-(0.550)] vs -0.200[(-0.800)-(0.600)]}, LSAP {-1.200[(-1.700)-(-0.200)] vs -1.300 [(-1.85)-(-0.400)]} were also similar in study and control groups. Presence of normal @entity79 (9/41 vs 8/41), @entity2331 (16/41 vs 18/41) and @entity170 (16/41 vs 15/41) were comparable between the study and control groups. No significant difference was observed in the @entity79 , T-scores and Z-scores at NOF and LSAP among @entity6 @entity1 treated with @entity12721 ; those treated with other @entity1697 and controls. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that the use of @entity1697 for a period of three years or more does not significantly affect the @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Effect of @entity1697 on bone metabolism in XXXX with @entity6 _ occurrence of @entity170 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Background Difficult @entity40236 Ventilation ( @entity18296 ), is a situation in which it is impossible for an unassisted anesthesiologist to maintain @entity26 saturation >90% using 100% @entity26 and positive pressure ventilation to prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during @entity40236 ventilation.   The incidence varies from 0.08 - 15%. @entity1 -related anatomical features are by far the most significant cause.   We analyzed data from an @entity28 surgical population (BMI> 30 kg/m (2)) to identify specific risk and predictive factors for @entity18296 . Methods Five hundred and fifty seven @entity28 @entity1 were identified from a database of 1399 cases associated with preoperative airway examinations where @entity40236 ventilation was attempted. Assessment of @entity40236 ventilation in this group was stratified by a severity score (0-3), and a step-wise selection method was used to identify independent predictors.   The area under the curve of the receiver-operating-characteristic was then used to evaluate the model's predictive value. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. Results @entity18296 was observed in 80/557 (14%) @entity1 . Three independent predictive factors for @entity18296 in @entity28 @entity1 were identified: age 49 years, short neck, and neck circumference   43 cm. In the current study th sensitivity for one factor is 0.90 with a specificity 0.35. However, the specificity increased to 0.80 with inclusion of more than one factor. Conclusion According to the current investigation, the three predictive factors are strongly associated with @entity18296 in @entity28 @entity1 . Each independent risk factor alone provides a good screening for @entity18296 and two factors substantially improve specificity. Based on our analysis, we speculate that the absence of at least 2 of the factors we identified might have a significant negative predictive value and can reasonably exclude @entity18296 , with a negative likelihood ratio 0.81.

title: Predictive factors for difficult @entity40236 ventilation in the XXXX surgical population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']