abstract: @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers have a considerably increased risk to develop @entity5344 . The personalized clinical management of carriers and other at-risk individuals depends on precise knowledge of the @entity5 risks. In this report, we give an overview of the present literature on empirical @entity5 risks, and we describe risk prediction models that are currently used for individual risk assessment in clinical practice. @entity5 risks show large variability between studies. @entity0 risks are at 40-87% for @entity5345 mutation carriers and 18-88% for @entity2674 mutation carriers. For @entity43 , the risk estimates are in the range of 22-65% for @entity5345 and 10-35% for @entity2674 . The @entity0 risk is high (10-year risk after first @entity5 27% for @entity5345 and 19% for @entity2674 ). Risk prediction models have been proposed to provide more individualized risk prediction, using additional knowledge on family history, mode of inheritance of major genes, and other genetic and non-genetic risk factors. User-friendly software tools have been developed that serve as basis for decision-making in family counseling units. In conclusion, further assessment of @entity5 risks and model validation is needed, ideally based on prospective cohort studies. To obtain such data, clinical management of carriers and other at-risk individuals should always be accompanied by standardized scientific documentation.

title: XXXX risks and risk prediction models.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'contralateral breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) repair was first performed in 1999, but still the technique is treated as one of the most complex pediatric surgical procedures. AIM: The study presents a single-center experience and learning curve of thoracoscopic repair of @entity1152 and @entity1727 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 10 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1152 and @entity1727 were treated thoracoscopically in our center. There were 8 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 . Mean gestational age was 36.5 weeks and mean weight was 2230 g. Four @entity1 had associated anomalies. The surgery was performed after stabilization of the @entity1 between the first and fourth day after birth. Five @entity1 required intubation before surgery for respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy was not performed before the operation. RESULTS: In 8 @entity1 , the endoscopic approach was successfully used thoracoscopically, while in 2 @entity1 conversion to an open thoracotomy was necessary. In all @entity1 except 1, the @entity254 was patent, with no evidence of leak. One @entity1 demonstrated a leak, which did not resolve spontaneously, necessitating surgical repair. In long-term follow-up, 1 @entity1 required esophageal dilatation of the @entity254 . All @entity1 are on full oral feeding. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic approach is the method of choice for the treatment of @entity1152 in our center because of excellent visualization and precise atraumatic preparation even in neonates below a weight of 2000 g.

title: Thoracoscopic repair of XXXX with a distal fistula - lessons from the first 10 operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-esophageal (distal) fistula', 'tracheo-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA', 'Thoracoscopic esophageal atresia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity137 of combination @entity1311 (24 hours) and @entity3003 in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity3483 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity1011 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity648 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity1311 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity3003 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity1 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity1311 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity1 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity137 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity420 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity1 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity1 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity137 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity3028 occurred in 57% of @entity1 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity1261 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity221 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity882 and @entity417 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity1 , respectively. Eight @entity1 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity16 , @entity925 / @entity4841 , and @entity882 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity1311 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity1 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity3003 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination is active in advanced @entity1149 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: @entity1311 and @entity3003 in combination in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 : a phase II XXXX , response, and survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity137 of combination @entity1311 (24 hours) and @entity3003 in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity3483 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity1011 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity648 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity1311 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity3003 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity1 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity1311 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity1 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity137 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity420 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity1 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity1 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity137 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity3028 occurred in 57% of @entity1 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity1261 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity221 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity882 and @entity417 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity1 , respectively. Eight @entity1 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity16 , @entity925 / @entity4841 , and @entity882 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity1311 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity1 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity3003 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination is active in advanced @entity1149 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: @entity1311 and XXXX in combination in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 : a phase II @entity137 , response, and survival analysis.

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity137 of combination @entity1311 (24 hours) and @entity3003 in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity3483 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity1011 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity648 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity1311 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity3003 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity1 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity1311 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity1 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity137 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity420 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity1 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity1 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity137 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity3028 occurred in 57% of @entity1 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity1261 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity221 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity882 and @entity417 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity1 , respectively. Eight @entity1 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity16 , @entity925 / @entity4841 , and @entity882 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity1311 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity1 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity3003 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination is active in advanced @entity1149 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: XXXX and @entity3003 in combination in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 : a phase II @entity137 , response, and survival analysis.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity137 of combination @entity1311 (24 hours) and @entity3003 in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity3483 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity1011 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity648 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity1311 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity3003 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity1 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity1311 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity1 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity137 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity420 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity1 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity1 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity137 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity3028 occurred in 57% of @entity1 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity1261 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity221 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity882 and @entity417 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity1 , respectively. Eight @entity1 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity16 , @entity925 / @entity4841 , and @entity882 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity1311 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity1 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity3003 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination is active in advanced @entity1149 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: @entity1311 and @entity3003 in combination in the treatment of advanced XXXX : a phase II @entity137 , response, and survival analysis.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Recent reports suggest that 20 million @entity1 worldwide are regularly using khat as a stimulant, even though the habit of chewing khat is known to cause serious health issues. Historical evidence suggests khat use has existed since the 13th century in Ethiopia and the southwestern Arabian regions even before the cultivation and use of coffee. In the past three decades, its availability and use spread all over the world including the United States and Europe. Most of the consumers in the Western world are immigrant groups from Eastern Africa or the Middle East. The global transport and availability of khat has been enhanced by the development of synthetic forms of its active component. The World Health Organization considers khat a drug of abuse since it causes a range of health problems. However, it remains lawful in some countries. Khat use has long been a part of Yemeni culture and is used in virtually every social occasion. The main component of khat is @entity21936 , which is structurally and functionally similar to @entity4944 and @entity2072 . Several studies have demonstrated that khat chewing has unfavorable cardiovascular effects. The effect on the myocardium could be explained by its effect on the heart rate, blood pressure, its vasomotor effect on the coronary vessels, and its @entity4944 -like effects. However, its direct effect on the myocardium needs further elaboration. To date, there are few articles that contribute @entity204 among khat chewers to khat-induced @entity712 . Further studies are needed to address the risk factors in khat chewers that may explain khat-induced @entity1370 , @entity296 , and @entity712 .

title: Khat use: history and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity21936 :: ('MESH:C023665', 'Chemical') :: ['cathinone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare risks and benefits of laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation versus abdominal hysterectomy without morcellation for large fibroids. STUDY DESIGN: We developed a shared clinical decision tool to communicate risks and benefits of laparoscopic versus abdominal hysterectomy to @entity1 with large fibroids as mandated by the FDA. The decision tool was designed to serve as a framework for providers to counsel @entity1 about mode of hysterectomy to facilitate shared decision-making between @entity1 and provider. Risks and benefits were estimated from the literature, including surgical complications ( @entity1211 , @entity1744 , adhesions, @entity281 , and transfusions), uterine @entity242 risks, and quality-of-life endpoints. The shared clinical decision tool was applied to a hypothetical population of 20,000 @entity1 with large uterine fibroids, of which 10,000 underwent laparoscopic hysterectomies and 10,000 had abdominal hysterectomies. RESULTS: @entity1661 would result in 50.1% more adhesions, 10.7% more @entity547 , 4.8% more surgical site infections, 2.8% more @entity1744 , and 2% more @entity1211 compared to laparoscopic hysterectomy. @entity1661 would also result in longer hospital stays (2 days), slower return to work (13.6 days), greater postoperative day 3 narcotic requirements (48%), and lower SF-36 quality-of-life scores (50.4 points lower). 0.28% of @entity2909 @entity1 would have unsuspected uterine @entity242 . Among these @entity1 , laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation would have a 27% reduction in 5-year overall survival rates and a 28.8 month shorter recurrence-free survival period. CONCLUSION: Some evidence suggests laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation may result in increased risk of @entity5 with worse survival outcomes among uterine @entity242 @entity1 compared to abdominal hysterectomy without morcellation, however, the current data is limited and the exact risks associated specifically with electromechanical morcellation are not conclusive. Data also supports abdominal hysterectomy would lead to a net detriment in other outcomes, with greater risks of @entity1211 , obstruction, @entity547 , adhesions, @entity281 , and @entity190 compared to laparoscopic hysterectomy. This shared clinical decision tool may aid the @entity1 and physician in determining an optimal mode of hysterectomy for large uterine fibroids while taking account of risks and benefits as mandated by the FDA.

title: XXXX : a shared clinical decision tool for mode of hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer dissemination']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal hysterectomy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'hernia, surgical site infections']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'hernia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['fibroid hysterectomy']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolisms', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction', 'bowel obstructions']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['Fibroid morcellation']


abstract: The aim of this work was to study in @entity35 the temporal course of laboratory parameters and morphologic features in @entity656 induced by @entity6139 ( @entity6140 -8) or by a closed duodenal loop. @entity788 was induced either with an @entity1445 of @entity6140 -8 (3 x 75 micrograms/kg at 1 h intervals) or by ligation of the duodenum on both sides of the bilio-pancreatic duct. The animals were examined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after AP induction. In @entity6140 -8-induced @entity656 , the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio (8.2 +/- 1.1 mg/g) and the amylase level (44.8 +/- 7.5 x 10(3) U/ml) were significantly increased vs. the controls (4.5 +/- 0.8 mg/g and 3.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) U/ml, respectively) 2 h after the intervention. The plasma @entity6140 was significantly increased at 4 h (4.55 +/- 1.7 pM) and remained elevated thereafter. The tissue @entity1234 concentration was significantly elevated at 8 h (0.28 +/- 0.07 mumol/mg pancreas) vs. the controls (0.20 +/- 0.02 mumol/mg pancreas). In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity656 , the ratio pancreatic weight/body weight steadily increased during the study; it reached its maximum level at 24 h (7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/g) vs. the sham-operated control (4.8 +/- 0.9 mg/g). The serum amylase level was significantly elevated at 2 h (47.1 +/- 9.3 x 10(3) U/ml), and then decreased steadily. Plasma @entity6140 values were significantly higher than the controls throughout the study. A significant increase in the tissue @entity1234 concentration (0.94 +/- 0.15 mumol/mg vs. 0.20 +/- 0.01 mumol/mg pancreas) appeared at 4 h. Our data indicate that in @entity6140 -8-induced @entity656 the laboratory signs of @entity788 are most expressed at 4 h, whereas the morphologic changes culminate 8 h, following the last @entity6140 injection. In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity656 , the histologic findings showed a progressive deterioration. Endogenous @entity6140 and @entity26 -derived free radicals seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of both types of @entity656 .

title: Time-course changes in pancreatic laboratory and morphologic parameters in two different XXXX models in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6139 :: ('MESH:D012844', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin octapeptide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyldialdehyde']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: The aim of this work was to study in @entity35 the temporal course of laboratory parameters and morphologic features in @entity656 induced by @entity6139 ( @entity6140 -8) or by a closed duodenal loop. @entity788 was induced either with an @entity1445 of @entity6140 -8 (3 x 75 micrograms/kg at 1 h intervals) or by ligation of the duodenum on both sides of the bilio-pancreatic duct. The animals were examined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after AP induction. In @entity6140 -8-induced @entity656 , the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio (8.2 +/- 1.1 mg/g) and the amylase level (44.8 +/- 7.5 x 10(3) U/ml) were significantly increased vs. the controls (4.5 +/- 0.8 mg/g and 3.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) U/ml, respectively) 2 h after the intervention. The plasma @entity6140 was significantly increased at 4 h (4.55 +/- 1.7 pM) and remained elevated thereafter. The tissue @entity1234 concentration was significantly elevated at 8 h (0.28 +/- 0.07 mumol/mg pancreas) vs. the controls (0.20 +/- 0.02 mumol/mg pancreas). In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity656 , the ratio pancreatic weight/body weight steadily increased during the study; it reached its maximum level at 24 h (7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/g) vs. the sham-operated control (4.8 +/- 0.9 mg/g). The serum amylase level was significantly elevated at 2 h (47.1 +/- 9.3 x 10(3) U/ml), and then decreased steadily. Plasma @entity6140 values were significantly higher than the controls throughout the study. A significant increase in the tissue @entity1234 concentration (0.94 +/- 0.15 mumol/mg vs. 0.20 +/- 0.01 mumol/mg pancreas) appeared at 4 h. Our data indicate that in @entity6140 -8-induced @entity656 the laboratory signs of @entity788 are most expressed at 4 h, whereas the morphologic changes culminate 8 h, following the last @entity6140 injection. In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity656 , the histologic findings showed a progressive deterioration. Endogenous @entity6140 and @entity26 -derived free radicals seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of both types of @entity656 .

title: Time-course changes in pancreatic laboratory and morphologic parameters in two different @entity656 models in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe @entity154 of the incudostapedial joint (ISJ) and to discuss the possible unique embryogenesis of the ISJ based on the two anomalies that were encountered. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of all @entity1 with @entity2720 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 presented with @entity393 . Upon further workup, we observed a preserved incudostapedial joint (ISJ) with deficiencies of the incus and stapes in three cases. Our fourth case demonstrated the inverse pattern of the @entity154 in which the ISJ was missing with an intact proximal incus and stapes crura. Three @entity1 opted for surgical intervention with improvement in hearing. One case preferred @entity393 over surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity600 are uncommon potential causes of @entity393 . Although numerous patterns of @entity154 have been reported in the literature, our case series is the first to demonstrate both the absence of the ISJ in one @entity1 and the presence of the ISJ in the presence of missing stapes crura and incus body in other @entity1 . Though limited by the small number of cases, the inverse relationship of the single case compared to the three other cases, suggests a possible independent embryological development pathway for the ISJ. Therefore, an embryological explanation of the defects should be considered. Additionally, surgical intervention can improve hearing outcomes for @entity1 with @entity2720 .

title: XXXX of the incudostapedial joint.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies', 'ossicular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated ISJ malformations']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['ISJ anomalies', 'isolated ISJ anomalies']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hearing loss', 'hearing amplification', 'congenital conductive hearing loss']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital anomalies']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study included all @entity1 treated at the University Hospital of Geneva for a first episode of uncomplicated @entity4436 . Risks of recurrence and treatment failure were evaluated by comparing the results between short-course and long-course intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy groups. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 hospitalized at our facility from January 2007 to February 2012 for a first episode of uncomplicated @entity4436 (Hinchey Ia), as confirmed by computed tomography, were prospectively collected. We published an auxiliary analysis from this registered study at Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier number: NCT01015378). Two groups of @entity1 were considered: one received a short-course IV antibiotic arm ( @entity2756 and @entity868 ) for up to 5 days (followed by 5 days of oral antibiotics); the other received a long-course IV arm between days 5 and 10. The primary outcome was the recurrence-free survival time. RESULTS: Follow-up was completed for 256 @entity1 -50% @entity1 and 50% @entity1 , with a median age of 56 years (range, 24-85 years). The average follow-up was 50 months (range, 19-89 months). Of the 256 @entity1 included in the study, 46 @entity1 received a short-course IV antibiotic treatment and 210 received a long-course treatment. The recurrence-free survivals were very similar between the two groups, which was supported by a log rank test (P = 0.772). Four treatment failures, all in the long-course IV antibiotic treatment group, occurred. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity4436 with a short IV antibiotic treatment is possible and does not modify the recurrence rate in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity4436 .

title: Short-term Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment in Uncomplicated XXXX Does Not Increase the Risk of Recurrence Compared to Long-term Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['Diverticulitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lameness in @entity1707 decreases animal welfare and economic profit for the farmer. An important reason for impaired welfare in lame animals is @entity158 due to @entity1273 . No direct measurement of @entity158 is possible in animals, and methods to indirectly detect and quantify the amount of @entity158 an animal is experiencing are urgently needed. In this study, two methods to assess @entity158 associated with @entity1273 in @entity1707 were evaluated to determine if they were sensitive enough to detect a @entity1273 as an effect of an experimental analgesic medication. Asymmetry associated with @entity1273 was objectively quantified using pressure mat kinetic parameters: peak vertical force (PVF), load rate (LR), vertical impulse (VI) and peak vertical pressure (PVP). Locomotor activity was assessed in an open field test. A dose of 0.04   mg/kg @entity4783 , a strong analgesic, was used to treat 10 lame @entity1707 , while eight other lame @entity1707 , treated with physiological saline solution, served as controls. @entity4783 decreased @entity1273 -associated asymmetry for pressure mat LR (P   =   0.002), VI (P   =   0.003) and PVP (P   =   0.001) and increased activity of the lame @entity1707 in the open field (P   =   0.023), while saline-treated animals did not show any changes in asymmetry and became less active in the open field (P   <0.001). It was concluded that measurement of gait asymmetry by pressure mat analysis and locomotor activity in an open field test are both sensitive enough to detect the analgesic effects of @entity4783 when used to treat moderate to severe clinical @entity158 in a relatively small group of affected @entity1707 . The methods used in this study may also provide promising additional tools for future research into @entity158 recognition and @entity1273 treatment in @entity1707 .

title: Clinical effects of XXXX on open field behaviour and gait symmetry in healthy and lame weaned piglets.

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['lameness', 'lameness reduction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['early pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine', 'Buprenorphine']

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['buprenorphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy. DESIGN: A review of a case series. SETTING: A single teaching and referral centre in Vancouver. @entity1 : Ninety-five consecutive @entity1 referred to the Division of General Surgery with suspected @entity698 requiring surgical intervention. The @entity1 ranged in age from 15 to 85 years. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy or open appendectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility of laparoscopic appendectomy, duration of operation, intraoperative and postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: Of the 95 @entity1 , 9 had contraindications to laparoscopic appendectomy and underwent an open operation. Of the 86 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy, the diagnosis of @entity698 was confirmed in 69 (80%). Following this, 61 (88%) @entity1 underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, and in 8 the procedure was converted to open appendectomy because of periappendiceal @entity733 or an immobile or perforated appendix. The mean duration of operation was 78.5 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days. @entity260 consisted of ileus in two @entity1 and @entity294 in two @entity1 . There were no wound @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed safely, with minimal complications on most @entity1 with @entity698 ; hospital stay is reduced. Laparoscopy allows accurate diagnosis.

title: Laparoscopic appendectomy: a review of 95 consecutive suspected cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is the most readily feasible home-dialysis method for renal replacement therapy. However, repeated use of @entity298 can lead to induction of mesothelial/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT/ @entity958 ) and @entity82 , eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure and discontinuation of @entity298 . @entity34733 ( @entity34733 ) is believed to be a potent downstream inhibitor of @entity2533 in renal @entity82 , but the effect of @entity34733 on MMT/ @entity958 relevant to @entity298 is unknown. In this study, as determined by microRNA array analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miRNA-129-5p is decreased in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent of @entity1 having @entity298 for more than 6 months extending to several years compared with those who have undergone @entity298 for less than 6 months. The decreased expression of @entity34733 was accompanied with alterations in @entity958 -related genes and the expression of respective proteins in vivo. In addition, in in vitro studies we noted that the expression of @entity5962 and @entity3670 were significantly reduced with increased cell migration in HMrSV5, a @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HPMC), treated with @entity2533 , whereas expression of @entity2277 , fibronectin and transcription factors @entity18436 and @entity24852 increased significantly, as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, alteration in @entity958 -related genes and proteins were reversed by overexpression of @entity34733 . No effect was observed in cells treated with miR-negative control. Meanwhile, inhibition of @entity18436 and @entity24852 with their respective siRNA also could decrease the expression of @entity958 -related genes and protein levels in HPMCs induced with @entity2533 . Finally, we demonstrate that @entity18436 can inhibit the promoter activity of @entity5962 while enhancing the promoter activity of @entity2277 . We also observed that @entity34733 could directly target the 3'UTR of @entity18436 and @entity24852 genes, and repressed their post-transcriptional activities. These data suggest that there is a novel @entity2533 / @entity34733 / @entity18436 or @entity24852 pathway that has a significant role in MMT and @entity82 in the setting of @entity298 .Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 11 May 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.57.

title: XXXX modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting @entity18436 and @entity24852 during peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity34733 :: (100302178,Gene) :: ['MicroRNA-129-5p']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is the most readily feasible home-dialysis method for renal replacement therapy. However, repeated use of @entity298 can lead to induction of mesothelial/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT/ @entity958 ) and @entity82 , eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure and discontinuation of @entity298 . @entity34733 ( @entity34733 ) is believed to be a potent downstream inhibitor of @entity2533 in renal @entity82 , but the effect of @entity34733 on MMT/ @entity958 relevant to @entity298 is unknown. In this study, as determined by microRNA array analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miRNA-129-5p is decreased in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent of @entity1 having @entity298 for more than 6 months extending to several years compared with those who have undergone @entity298 for less than 6 months. The decreased expression of @entity34733 was accompanied with alterations in @entity958 -related genes and the expression of respective proteins in vivo. In addition, in in vitro studies we noted that the expression of @entity5962 and @entity3670 were significantly reduced with increased cell migration in HMrSV5, a @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HPMC), treated with @entity2533 , whereas expression of @entity2277 , fibronectin and transcription factors @entity18436 and @entity24852 increased significantly, as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, alteration in @entity958 -related genes and proteins were reversed by overexpression of @entity34733 . No effect was observed in cells treated with miR-negative control. Meanwhile, inhibition of @entity18436 and @entity24852 with their respective siRNA also could decrease the expression of @entity958 -related genes and protein levels in HPMCs induced with @entity2533 . Finally, we demonstrate that @entity18436 can inhibit the promoter activity of @entity5962 while enhancing the promoter activity of @entity2277 . We also observed that @entity34733 could directly target the 3'UTR of @entity18436 and @entity24852 genes, and repressed their post-transcriptional activities. These data suggest that there is a novel @entity2533 / @entity34733 / @entity18436 or @entity24852 pathway that has a significant role in MMT and @entity82 in the setting of @entity298 .Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 11 May 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.57.

title: @entity34733 modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting XXXX and @entity24852 during peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity18436 :: (9839,Gene) :: ['SIP1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is the most readily feasible home-dialysis method for renal replacement therapy. However, repeated use of @entity298 can lead to induction of mesothelial/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT/ @entity958 ) and @entity82 , eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure and discontinuation of @entity298 . @entity34733 ( @entity34733 ) is believed to be a potent downstream inhibitor of @entity2533 in renal @entity82 , but the effect of @entity34733 on MMT/ @entity958 relevant to @entity298 is unknown. In this study, as determined by microRNA array analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miRNA-129-5p is decreased in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent of @entity1 having @entity298 for more than 6 months extending to several years compared with those who have undergone @entity298 for less than 6 months. The decreased expression of @entity34733 was accompanied with alterations in @entity958 -related genes and the expression of respective proteins in vivo. In addition, in in vitro studies we noted that the expression of @entity5962 and @entity3670 were significantly reduced with increased cell migration in HMrSV5, a @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HPMC), treated with @entity2533 , whereas expression of @entity2277 , fibronectin and transcription factors @entity18436 and @entity24852 increased significantly, as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, alteration in @entity958 -related genes and proteins were reversed by overexpression of @entity34733 . No effect was observed in cells treated with miR-negative control. Meanwhile, inhibition of @entity18436 and @entity24852 with their respective siRNA also could decrease the expression of @entity958 -related genes and protein levels in HPMCs induced with @entity2533 . Finally, we demonstrate that @entity18436 can inhibit the promoter activity of @entity5962 while enhancing the promoter activity of @entity2277 . We also observed that @entity34733 could directly target the 3'UTR of @entity18436 and @entity24852 genes, and repressed their post-transcriptional activities. These data suggest that there is a novel @entity2533 / @entity34733 / @entity18436 or @entity24852 pathway that has a significant role in MMT and @entity82 in the setting of @entity298 .Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 11 May 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.57.

title: @entity34733 modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting @entity18436 and XXXX during peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity24852 :: (6659,Gene) :: ['SOX4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcome of @entity1 presenting with symptoms of uncomplicated @entity2335 who were seen by a doctor, with @entity1 who were given treatment following a diagnostic algorithm. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Out-of-hours service, Oslo, Norway. INTERVENTION: @entity1 with typical symptoms of uncomplicated @entity2335 were included in the trial in the time period September 2010-November 2011. They were randomized into two groups. One group received standard treatment according to the diagnostic algorithm, the other group received treatment after a regular consultation by a doctor. SUBJECTS: @entity1 (n = 441) aged 16-55 years. Mean age in both groups 27 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of days until symptomatic resolution. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups in the basic @entity1 demographics, severity of symptoms, or percentage of urine samples with single culture growth. A median of three days until symptomatic resolution was found in both groups. By day four 79% in the algorithm group and 72% in the regular consultation group were free of symptoms (p = 0.09). The number of @entity1 who contacted a doctor again in the follow-up period and received alternative antibiotic treatment was insignificantly higher (p = 0.08) after regular consultation than after treatment according to the diagnostic algorithm. There were no cases of severe @entity2885 or hospital admissions during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Using a diagnostic algorithm is a safe and efficient method for treating @entity1 with symptoms of uncomplicated @entity2335 at an out-of-hours service. This simplification of treatment strategy can lead to a more rational use of consultation time and a stricter adherence to National Antibiotic Guidelines for a common disorder.

title: A randomized controlled trial of a diagnostic algorithm for symptoms of uncomplicated XXXX at an out-of-hours service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['cystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three weeks after Typhoon Haiyan, an increasing number of @entity697 cases were reported in Kananga, Leyte, an area where evacuated residents had returned home two days after the disaster. An outbreak investigation was conducted to identify the source and risk factors associated with the increase of @entity1902 . METHODS: A case was defined as any @entity1 in Kananga who developed acute @entity294 (>=   3 times/24 hours) and any of the following symptoms: fever, @entity390 , @entity391 or @entity490 from 11 November 2013 to 10 December 2013. Active case finding was conducted by reviewing medical records, and a case-control study was conducted. Rectal swabs and water samples were tested for bacteriological examination. RESULTS: One hundred and five cases were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that consumption of untreated drinking-water was associated with @entity221 (adjusted odds ratio: 18.2). Both rectal swabs and municipal water samples tested positive for @entity1678 . On inspection of the municipal water system, breaks in the distribution pipes were found with some submerged in river water. CONCLUSION: This @entity697 was most likely caused by @entity1678 and transmitted through a contaminated water source. This study highlights that areas less damaged by a disaster that do not require ongoing evacuation centres can still have @entity697 . All affected areas should be monitored during a disaster response, not just those with evacuation centres. Boiling or chlorinating of water should also be recommended for all areas affected by disaster.

title: A community-based XXXX outbreak after Typhoon Haiyan, Leyte, Philippines, 2013.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'acute gastroenteritis outbreak', 'acute gastroenteritis outbreaks']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess risk of developing multiple primaries after a diagnosis of @entity694 and to determine the impact that having a family history of @entity5 has on @entity5 risk. METHODS: Data from the Utah Cancer Registry and the Utah Population Database were used. A cohort of 2,236 first primary @entity694 were observed for the subsequent development of additional primary @entity5 . RESULTS: We observed a greater than expected incidence of @entity788 among the cohort. The standardized incidence ratios were 2.77 (95 percent confidence interval (CI), 2.07-3.70), 2.26 (95 percent CI, 1.34-3.81), and 2.38 (95 percent CI, 1.32-4.30), respectively. Having a family history of @entity694 did not greatly influence risk of having a multiple primary. However, there was a trend toward increased risk of @entity788 (hazard rate ratios, 1.99; 95 percent CI, 0.67-5.90) and @entity150 (hazard rate ratios, 2.35; 95 percent CI, 0.77-7.18) among @entity1 with a family history of @entity5 . We also observed that risk of uterine @entity5 in the cohort was positively associated with family history of uterine @entity5 , risk of @entity0 was positively associated with family history of @entity0 , and risk of @entity263 was positively associated with family history of @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity694 are at a greater risk of developing @entity788 . Although a family history of @entity694 did not have a large impact on developing other @entity5 , a family history of other primary @entity5 did influence risk of other @entity5 .

title: Impact of family history of @entity694 on development of multiple primaries after diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['colon, rectal, and possibly pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'colon, rectal, and pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectal cancer', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess risk of developing multiple primaries after a diagnosis of @entity694 and to determine the impact that having a family history of @entity5 has on @entity5 risk. METHODS: Data from the Utah Cancer Registry and the Utah Population Database were used. A cohort of 2,236 first primary @entity694 were observed for the subsequent development of additional primary @entity5 . RESULTS: We observed a greater than expected incidence of @entity788 among the cohort. The standardized incidence ratios were 2.77 (95 percent confidence interval (CI), 2.07-3.70), 2.26 (95 percent CI, 1.34-3.81), and 2.38 (95 percent CI, 1.32-4.30), respectively. Having a family history of @entity694 did not greatly influence risk of having a multiple primary. However, there was a trend toward increased risk of @entity788 (hazard rate ratios, 1.99; 95 percent CI, 0.67-5.90) and @entity150 (hazard rate ratios, 2.35; 95 percent CI, 0.77-7.18) among @entity1 with a family history of @entity5 . We also observed that risk of uterine @entity5 in the cohort was positively associated with family history of uterine @entity5 , risk of @entity0 was positively associated with family history of @entity0 , and risk of @entity263 was positively associated with family history of @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity694 are at a greater risk of developing @entity788 . Although a family history of @entity694 did not have a large impact on developing other @entity5 , a family history of other primary @entity5 did influence risk of other @entity5 .

title: Impact of family history of XXXX on development of multiple primaries after diagnosis of @entity694 .

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of @entity292 in @entity30 remains controversial and can be radical (resection of both segments) or conservative (ileal resection with suture or wedge resection of the sigmoid). At our institution, the sigmoid defect is sutured if the sigmoid is not affected by primary @entity30 or by important stricture; otherwise, the sigmoid is resected. We reviewed our experience to evaluate our results with this procedure. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity292 underwent operation. Among them, 15 had a preoperative colonoscopy, whereas others had no endoscopic work-up. In nine @entity1 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by @entity30 (n = 7) or stricture (n = 2) and was resected. In 21 @entity1 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by proximity, and a simple suture (n = 15) or wedge resection (n = 6) was performed. Eleven @entity1 had a temporary stoma (37 percent). One had coloprotectomy. RESULTS: One @entity1 died postoperatively. One @entity1 had postoperative sigmoidocutaneous @entity292 after conservative treatment. Histology of the sigmoid specimen showed @entity30 in 8 @entity1 (27 percent), including 5 of 9 resected specimens, and 3 of 21 conservative procedures. All @entity1 with @entity30 did not have preoperative colonoscopy. Nine of 11 stomas were closed in a median delay of four months. With a median delay of nine years, four @entity1 have again undergone surgery for recurrent @entity30 , all of whom underwent surgery initially without preoperative colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: Preoperative endoscopic assessment of the colon is a reliable guide to use when choosing between sigmoid resection or a conservative approach and can result in reduced morbidity and improved long-term results.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in @entity30 : role of preoperative colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'ileosigmoid fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["colonic Crohn's disease", "Crohn's misdiagnosis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['ileosigmoid fistulas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of @entity292 in @entity30 remains controversial and can be radical (resection of both segments) or conservative (ileal resection with suture or wedge resection of the sigmoid). At our institution, the sigmoid defect is sutured if the sigmoid is not affected by primary @entity30 or by important stricture; otherwise, the sigmoid is resected. We reviewed our experience to evaluate our results with this procedure. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity292 underwent operation. Among them, 15 had a preoperative colonoscopy, whereas others had no endoscopic work-up. In nine @entity1 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by @entity30 (n = 7) or stricture (n = 2) and was resected. In 21 @entity1 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by proximity, and a simple suture (n = 15) or wedge resection (n = 6) was performed. Eleven @entity1 had a temporary stoma (37 percent). One had coloprotectomy. RESULTS: One @entity1 died postoperatively. One @entity1 had postoperative sigmoidocutaneous @entity292 after conservative treatment. Histology of the sigmoid specimen showed @entity30 in 8 @entity1 (27 percent), including 5 of 9 resected specimens, and 3 of 21 conservative procedures. All @entity1 with @entity30 did not have preoperative colonoscopy. Nine of 11 stomas were closed in a median delay of four months. With a median delay of nine years, four @entity1 have again undergone surgery for recurrent @entity30 , all of whom underwent surgery initially without preoperative colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: Preoperative endoscopic assessment of the colon is a reliable guide to use when choosing between sigmoid resection or a conservative approach and can result in reduced morbidity and improved long-term results.

title: Surgical management of @entity292 in XXXX : role of preoperative colonoscopy.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This analysis was undertaken to assess whole abdomen radiation therapy and concurrent @entity1487 for @entity137 and patterns of failure in high-risk @entity694 @entity1 after curative surgical resection. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 were treated adjuvantly after curative resection. Four @entity1 (22 percent) had Stage B and 14 (78 percent) had Stage C disease. Histology was poorly differentiated in 4 (22 percent) and moderately differentiated in 14 (78 percent) @entity1 . Four @entity1 received whole abdominal radiation only, 30 Gy at 1 Gy/day. Fourteen @entity1 had an additional locoregional boost of 9.6 to 16 Gy at 1.6 Gy/day. The liver received 19.8 Gy at 0.67 Gy/day. @entity1487 was given as a continuous infusion during therapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of three years, 6 of 18 (33 percent) @entity1 have relapsed. @entity177 occurred locally in 3 of 18 (17 percent) and distantly in 4 of 18 @entity1 (22 percent). Four of six (67 percent) failures occurred in the liver. The five-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival were 78 percent and 66 percent, respectively. Median elapsed time on radiotherapy was 73 days, with 5 of 18 @entity1 (28 percent) requiring two or more weeks of unplanned treatment breaks. Acute Grade 3 to 4 @entity137 ( @entity294 , @entity1431 ) occurred in 3 of 18 @entity1 (17 percent), with late complications ( @entity1744 ) occurring in 2 of 18 @entity1 (11 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Whole abdominal radiotherapy with concomitant @entity1487 appears to improve local control but not to prevent liver @entity3 . Significant @entity137 resulted in frequent interruption of therapy and protracted its course. Whether this adjuvant regimen impacts on survival or offers an advantage over locoregional irradiation remains to be studied.

title: Whole abdominal radiotherapy and concomitant @entity1487 as adjuvant therapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This analysis was undertaken to assess whole abdomen radiation therapy and concurrent @entity1487 for @entity137 and patterns of failure in high-risk @entity694 @entity1 after curative surgical resection. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 were treated adjuvantly after curative resection. Four @entity1 (22 percent) had Stage B and 14 (78 percent) had Stage C disease. Histology was poorly differentiated in 4 (22 percent) and moderately differentiated in 14 (78 percent) @entity1 . Four @entity1 received whole abdominal radiation only, 30 Gy at 1 Gy/day. Fourteen @entity1 had an additional locoregional boost of 9.6 to 16 Gy at 1.6 Gy/day. The liver received 19.8 Gy at 0.67 Gy/day. @entity1487 was given as a continuous infusion during therapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of three years, 6 of 18 (33 percent) @entity1 have relapsed. @entity177 occurred locally in 3 of 18 (17 percent) and distantly in 4 of 18 @entity1 (22 percent). Four of six (67 percent) failures occurred in the liver. The five-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival were 78 percent and 66 percent, respectively. Median elapsed time on radiotherapy was 73 days, with 5 of 18 @entity1 (28 percent) requiring two or more weeks of unplanned treatment breaks. Acute Grade 3 to 4 @entity137 ( @entity294 , @entity1431 ) occurred in 3 of 18 @entity1 (17 percent), with late complications ( @entity1744 ) occurring in 2 of 18 @entity1 (11 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Whole abdominal radiotherapy with concomitant @entity1487 appears to improve local control but not to prevent liver @entity3 . Significant @entity137 resulted in frequent interruption of therapy and protracted its course. Whether this adjuvant regimen impacts on survival or offers an advantage over locoregional irradiation remains to be studied.

title: Whole abdominal radiotherapy and concomitant XXXX as adjuvant therapy in advanced @entity694 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: During a haemodialysis (HD), because of the contact of blood with the surface of the dialyser, the immune system becomes activated and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are released into plasma. Particularly exposed to the ROS are lipids and proteins contained in plasma, which undergo peroxidation. The main breakdown product of oxidized lipids is the @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ). A common method for measuring the concentration of @entity1865 is a @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS) method. Despite the formation of @entity1865 in plasma during HD, its concentration decreases because it is removed from the blood in the dialyser. Therefore, this research proposes the Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance ( @entity71859 ) spectroscopy, which enables determination of primary peroxidation products. We examined the influence of the amount of @entity273 added to lipid suspension that was earlier extracted from plasma specimen on lipid peroxidation with use of TBARS and @entity71859 methods. Linear correlation between these methods was shown. The proposed method was effective during the evaluation of changes in the extent of lipid peroxidation in plasma during a haemodialysis in @entity742 . A measurement using the @entity71859 showed an increase in plasma lipid peroxidation after 15 and 240 minutes of treatment, while the TBARS concentration was respectively lower.

title: Application of XXXX Spectroscopy to Determine the Extent of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma during Haemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity71859 :: (101106566,Gene) :: ['FTIR-ATR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Distended turgid veins have been noted in the feet of @entity1 with @entity3949 . This study assessed the supine venous pressure and its correlation with @entity3949 and arteriovenous (AV) shunting in the feet of type I and type II @entity6 subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with chronic @entity13144 , 11 @entity1 with a history of @entity1411 , 14 @entity6 control subjects, and 11 normal control subjects were studied. @entity16 was assessed by vibration and thermal thresholds and standard @entity65 tests. Supine venous pressure was measured by insertion of a 21-gauge needle connected to a strain gauge manometer into the veins on the dorsum of the foot. Venous @entity4095 was used as a measure of AV shunting. RESULTS: Venous pressure was raised in the group with chronic @entity13144 (18.9 +/- 4.2 mmHg, P < 0.001 vs. the @entity6 control group [11.3 +/- 2.6 mmHg]), the normal control group (12.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg, mean +/- SD), and the @entity6 group with a history of @entity1411 (16.0 +/- 3.7 mmHg, P = 0.008 vs. @entity6 control subjects and P = 0.04 vs. normal control subjects), with a maximum of 28 mmHg. Venous pressure was correlated with heart rate variation to deep breathing, r = -0.61 (P = 0.001), vibration threshold, r = 0.56 (P = 0.001), Valsalva ratio, r = -0.64 (P -= 0.001), warm threshold, r = 0.69 (P = 0.001), and venous @entity4095 , r = 0.43 (P = 0.02). There was no correlation with skin temperature, duration of @entity6 , age, HbA1c, random blood @entity413 , ankle/brachial Doppler index, height, or serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSIONS: Venous pressure is much higher in the @entity6 and is correlated with the severity of @entity16 and with AV shunting.

title: Lower limb venous pressure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'neuropathic diabetic limb']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity13144 :: ('MESH:D001177', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot joints']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic foot ulceration']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether insulin resistance and microalbuminuria are associated in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in 11 normoalbuminuric and 9 microalbuminuric @entity2175 @entity1 matched for sex, age, body composition, glycemic control, @entity6 duration, and therapy. RESULTS: Isotopically determined @entity413 disposal was similar in normo- and microalbuminuric @entity1 in the basal state (mean +/- SD; 3.30 +/- 1.01 vs. 3.46 +/- 0.82 mg.kg lean body mass [LBM]-1. @entity1009 ; NS) and during @entity3190 (7.16 +/- 2.65 vs. 6.63 +/- 2.88 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ;NS). No difference was observed in nonoxidative @entity413 disposal or lipid oxidation. Endogenous @entity413 production was equally suppressed by insulin (-0.08 +/- 0.99 vs. 0.30 +/- 1.12 mg.kg-1 LBM. @entity1009 ; NS). @entity413 oxidation tended to be lower in the normoalbuminuric @entity1 in the basal state (1.16 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.36 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ) and during @entity3190 (2.35 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.90 +/- 0.77 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ; both P < 0.15). Urinary albumin excretion rate correlated with the insulin-stimulated @entity413 oxidation rate (r = 0.59, P = 0.0064), and a similar trend was seen in the basal state (r = 0.42, P = 0.063). Protein oxidation was higher in normoalbuminuric @entity1 (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.4 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ; P = 0.017) and correlated inversely with @entity633 (r = -0.70, P = 0.0007). Serum growth hormone increased during insulin infusion; however, the increase was significantly greater in microalbuminuric @entity1 . Plasma lipoproteins, maximal aerobic capacity, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Basal and insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptakes are comparable in carefully matched normo- and microalbuminuric @entity2175 @entity1 , and @entity413 oxidation may be positively related to @entity633 . The inverse relation between protein oxidation and @entity633 may be due to higher growth hormone levels during daily life perturbations in @entity413 in microalbuminuric @entity1 .

title: Similar insulin sensitivity in XXXX @entity1 with normo- and microalbuminuria.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether insulin resistance and microalbuminuria are associated in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in 11 normoalbuminuric and 9 microalbuminuric @entity2175 @entity1 matched for sex, age, body composition, glycemic control, @entity6 duration, and therapy. RESULTS: Isotopically determined @entity413 disposal was similar in normo- and microalbuminuric @entity1 in the basal state (mean +/- SD; 3.30 +/- 1.01 vs. 3.46 +/- 0.82 mg.kg lean body mass [LBM]-1. @entity1009 ; NS) and during @entity3190 (7.16 +/- 2.65 vs. 6.63 +/- 2.88 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ;NS). No difference was observed in nonoxidative @entity413 disposal or lipid oxidation. Endogenous @entity413 production was equally suppressed by insulin (-0.08 +/- 0.99 vs. 0.30 +/- 1.12 mg.kg-1 LBM. @entity1009 ; NS). @entity413 oxidation tended to be lower in the normoalbuminuric @entity1 in the basal state (1.16 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.36 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ) and during @entity3190 (2.35 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.90 +/- 0.77 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ; both P < 0.15). Urinary albumin excretion rate correlated with the insulin-stimulated @entity413 oxidation rate (r = 0.59, P = 0.0064), and a similar trend was seen in the basal state (r = 0.42, P = 0.063). Protein oxidation was higher in normoalbuminuric @entity1 (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.4 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity1009 ; P = 0.017) and correlated inversely with @entity633 (r = -0.70, P = 0.0007). Serum growth hormone increased during insulin infusion; however, the increase was significantly greater in microalbuminuric @entity1 . Plasma lipoproteins, maximal aerobic capacity, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Basal and insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptakes are comparable in carefully matched normo- and microalbuminuric @entity2175 @entity1 , and @entity413 oxidation may be positively related to @entity633 . The inverse relation between protein oxidation and @entity633 may be due to higher growth hormone levels during daily life perturbations in @entity413 in microalbuminuric @entity1 .

title: Similar insulin sensitivity in @entity2175 XXXX with normo- and microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Subcellular localization of gene products and cell migration are both critical for pattern formation during development. The bullwinkle gene is required in @entity238 for disparate aspects of these processes. In females mutant at the bullwinkle locus, the follicle cells that synthesize the dorsal eggshell filaments do not migrate properly, creating short, broad structures. Mosaic analyses demonstrate that wild-type BULLWINKLE function is required in the germ line for these migrations. Since the mRNA for gurken, the putative ligand that signals dorsal follicle cell fate, is correctly localized in bullwinkle mutants, we conclude that our bullwinkle alleles do not affect the dorsoventral polarity of the oocyte and thus must be affecting the follicle cell migrations in some other way. In addition, the embryos that develop from bullwinkle mothers are bicaudal. A @entity19632 : @entity12668 fusion protein is correctly localized to the posterior pole of bullwinkle oocytes during stage 9. Thus, the microtubule structure of the oocyte and general transport along it do not appear to be disrupted prior to cytoplasmic streaming. Unlike other bicaudal mutants, oskar mRNA is localized correctly to the posterior pole of the oocyte at stage 10. By early embryogenesis, however, some oskar mRNA is mislocalized to the anterior pole. Consistent with the mislocalization of oskar mRNA, a fraction of the @entity29307 protein and @entity23061 mRNA are also mislocalized to the anterior pole of bullwinkle embryos. Mislocalization of @entity23061 mRNA to the anterior is dependent on functional @entity29307 protein. Although the mirror-image segmentation defects appear to result from the action of the posterior group genes, germ cells are not formed at the anterior pole. The bicaudal phenotype is also germ-line dependent for bullwinkle. We suspect that BULLWINKLE interacts with the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix and is necessary for gene product localization and cell migration during oogenesis after stage 10a.

title: Mutations in the XXXX gene bullwinkle cause the formation of abnormal eggshell structures and bicaudal embryos.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: 1. The transcriptional regulation of the @entity35 brain L-type @entity460 channel alpha 1D subunit (RB alpha 1D) gene was investigated using @entity19 @entity11 cells. 2. Differentiation of @entity19 cells in the presence of @entity5015 or @entity1968 resulted in the appearance of mRNA encoding the RB alpha 1D subunit detected using Northern blot analysis. 3. A @entity35 genomic DNA library was screened, and a 15.2-kb clone was isolated and partially sequenced which included part of the 5' upstream sequence through the initial part of intron 2 of the RB alpha 1D gene. 4. Deletion analysis, using a CAT reporter gene and transfected @entity19 cells, revealed that the 1.2-kb 5'-upstream sequence from the RB alpha 1D gene contains cis-acting positive and negative regulatory elements. A deletion of the 3' end of exon 1 also suggested the presence of regulatory elements in the first exon. 5. DNase footprinting of exon 1 of the RB alpha 1D gene revealed two regions protected from digestion by specific protein binding, and the second region included an (ATG)7 trinucleotide repeat sequence. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed nuclear protein(s) binding to the (ATG)7 sequence. 6. The (ATG)7 sequence functions as a enhancer when linked to a @entity1014 kinase promoter and a CAT reporter gene. 7. These results provide the initial description of the transcriptional regulation of the RB alpha 1D gene and identify a novel enhancer that consists of an (ATG)7 trinucleotide repeat sequence.

title: Transcriptional regulation of the neuronal L-type XXXX channel alpha 1D subunit gene.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma-glioma']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Accuracy of continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) devices in @entity4053 has been a widely reported shortcoming of this technology. We report the accuracy in @entity4053 of a new version of the Dexcom (San Diego, CA) G4 @entity902 CGM system (software 505) and present results regarding the optimum setting of CGM hypoglycemic alerts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CGM values were compared with YSI analyzer (YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, @entity2145 ) measurements every 15   min. We reviewed the accuracy of the CGM system in the hypoglycemic range using standard metrics. We analyzed the time required for the CGM system to detect biochemical @entity4053 (70   mg/dL) compared with the YSI with alert settings at 70   mg/dL and 80   mg/dL. We also analyzed the time between the YSI value crossing 55   mg/dL, defined as the threshold for @entity73 due to @entity4053 , and when the CGM system alerted for @entity4053 . RESULTS: The mean absolute difference for a @entity413 level of less than 70   mg/dL was 6   mg/dL. Ninety-six percent of CGM values were within 20   mg/dL of the YSI values between 40 and 80   mg/dL. When the CGM hypoglycemic alert was set at 80   mg/dL, the device provided an alert for biochemical @entity4053 within 10   min in 95% of instances and at least a 10-min advance warning before the @entity73 threshold in 91% of instances in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an 80   mg/dL threshold setting for hypoglycemic alerts on the G4 @entity902 (software 505) may provide @entity1 with timely warning of @entity4053 before the onset of @entity73 , enabling them to treat themselves for @entity4053 with fast-acting @entity3363 and prevent neuroglycopenia associated with very low @entity413 levels.

title: Hypoglycemic Accuracy and Improved Low XXXX Alerts of the Latest Dexcom G4 @entity902 Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Accuracy of continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) devices in @entity4053 has been a widely reported shortcoming of this technology. We report the accuracy in @entity4053 of a new version of the Dexcom (San Diego, CA) G4 @entity902 CGM system (software 505) and present results regarding the optimum setting of CGM hypoglycemic alerts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CGM values were compared with YSI analyzer (YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, @entity2145 ) measurements every 15   min. We reviewed the accuracy of the CGM system in the hypoglycemic range using standard metrics. We analyzed the time required for the CGM system to detect biochemical @entity4053 (70   mg/dL) compared with the YSI with alert settings at 70   mg/dL and 80   mg/dL. We also analyzed the time between the YSI value crossing 55   mg/dL, defined as the threshold for @entity73 due to @entity4053 , and when the CGM system alerted for @entity4053 . RESULTS: The mean absolute difference for a @entity413 level of less than 70   mg/dL was 6   mg/dL. Ninety-six percent of CGM values were within 20   mg/dL of the YSI values between 40 and 80   mg/dL. When the CGM hypoglycemic alert was set at 80   mg/dL, the device provided an alert for biochemical @entity4053 within 10   min in 95% of instances and at least a 10-min advance warning before the @entity73 threshold in 91% of instances in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an 80   mg/dL threshold setting for hypoglycemic alerts on the G4 @entity902 (software 505) may provide @entity1 with timely warning of @entity4053 before the onset of @entity73 , enabling them to treat themselves for @entity4053 with fast-acting @entity3363 and prevent neuroglycopenia associated with very low @entity413 levels.

title: Hypoglycemic Accuracy and Improved Low @entity413 Alerts of the Latest Dexcom G4 @entity902 Continuous XXXX Monitoring System.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Accuracy of continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) devices in @entity4053 has been a widely reported shortcoming of this technology. We report the accuracy in @entity4053 of a new version of the Dexcom (San Diego, CA) G4 @entity902 CGM system (software 505) and present results regarding the optimum setting of CGM hypoglycemic alerts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CGM values were compared with YSI analyzer (YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, @entity2145 ) measurements every 15   min. We reviewed the accuracy of the CGM system in the hypoglycemic range using standard metrics. We analyzed the time required for the CGM system to detect biochemical @entity4053 (70   mg/dL) compared with the YSI with alert settings at 70   mg/dL and 80   mg/dL. We also analyzed the time between the YSI value crossing 55   mg/dL, defined as the threshold for @entity73 due to @entity4053 , and when the CGM system alerted for @entity4053 . RESULTS: The mean absolute difference for a @entity413 level of less than 70   mg/dL was 6   mg/dL. Ninety-six percent of CGM values were within 20   mg/dL of the YSI values between 40 and 80   mg/dL. When the CGM hypoglycemic alert was set at 80   mg/dL, the device provided an alert for biochemical @entity4053 within 10   min in 95% of instances and at least a 10-min advance warning before the @entity73 threshold in 91% of instances in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an 80   mg/dL threshold setting for hypoglycemic alerts on the G4 @entity902 (software 505) may provide @entity1 with timely warning of @entity4053 before the onset of @entity73 , enabling them to treat themselves for @entity4053 with fast-acting @entity3363 and prevent neuroglycopenia associated with very low @entity413 levels.

title: Hypoglycemic Accuracy and Improved Low @entity413 Alerts of the Latest Dexcom G4 XXXX Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System.

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['Platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the common carotid artery (CCA), measured with external vascular ultrasound, has been widely used in clinical trials as a surrogate marker for @entity453 . Despite this, the degree of correlation between carotid @entity121 and the extent and severity of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS: Common carotid @entity121 was measured by ultrasound in 350 consecutive subjects of age 60 +/- 10 years (range, 30 to 85 years) on the day of coronary angiography. Carotid mean @entity121 was 0.83 +/- 0.20 mm (range, 0.43 to 1.80 mm), and maximum @entity121 was 1.04 +/- 0.27 mm (range, 0.49 to 2.19 mm). Coronary angiograms were analyzed by independent observers for disease severity (number of vessels with > or = 70% stenosis), extent score, and a modified Gensini score. Mean carotid @entity121 was weakly but significantly correlated with @entity453 severity (r = .26), extent (r = .23), and modified Gensini score (r = .29, P < .0001 for all correlations). Carotid @entity121 was not clinically useful, however, because it was not specific or sensitive enough to identify @entity1 with or without significant @entity453 . Increasing age, male sex, and presence of @entity6 were all associated with a significantly (P < .01) higher @entity453 score than the average for any level of carotid @entity121 , suggesting differential effects of these traditional risk factors on the coronary and common carotid arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Although carotid @entity121 is significantly correlated with extent and severity of @entity453 , the relationship is weak. This relatively poor correlation (r2 < .10) should be considered in the interpretation of clinical trials that use carotid @entity121 as a surrogate end point for @entity453 .

title: Carotid intima-media thickness is only weakly correlated with the extent and severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'Intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Epidemiological evidence suggests that sleep duration and poor sleep are associated with mortality, as well as with a wide range of negative health outcomes. However, few studies have examined the association between sleep and self-rated health, particularly through the combination of sleep complaints. The objective of this study was to examine whether self-rated health is associated with sleep complaints, considering the combination of sleep duration, @entity22 , and sleep sufficiency. This cross-sectional study was performed in the 18 largest public hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 2518 female nurses answered a self-filled multidimensional questionnaire. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated the chance of poor self-rated health in the presence of different combinations of sleep duration and quality. Compared with @entity1 who reported adequate sleep duration with no @entity25 (reference group), the odds ratios (95% CI) for poor self-rated health were 1.79 (1.27-2.24) for those who reported only insufficient sleep, 1.85 (0.94-3.66) for only a @entity25 , and 3.12 (1.94-5.01) for only @entity22 . Compared with those who expressed all three complaints ( @entity25 , @entity22 , and insufficient sleep), the odds ratio for poor self-rated health was 4.49 (3.25-6.22). Differences in the magnitude of the associations were observed, depending on the combination of sleep complaints. Because self-rated health is a consistent predictor of morbidity, these results reinforce the increasing awareness of the role of sleep in health and disease. Our findings contribute to the recognition of sleep as a public health matter that deserves to be better understood and addressed by policymakers.

title: Associations of a Short Sleep Duration, Insufficient Sleep, and XXXX with Self-Rated Health among Nurses.

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality complaints', 'short sleep duration']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) carries a high mortality rate, even with prompt transfer to a medical center. An artificial neural network (ANN) is a computational model that improves predictive ability through pattern recognition while continually adapting to new input data. The goal of this study was to effectively use ANN modeling to provide vascular surgeons a discriminant adjunct to assess the likelihood of in-hospital mortality on a pending @entity1755 admission using easily obtainable @entity1 information from the field. METHODS: Of 332 total @entity1 from a single institution from 1998 to 2013 who had attempted @entity1755 repair, 125 were reviewed for preoperative factors associated with in-hospital mortality; 108 @entity1 received an open operation, and 17 @entity1 received endovascular repair. Five variables were found significant on multivariate analysis (P  < .05), and four of these five (preoperative shock, @entity909 , @entity1167 , and age) were modeled by multiple logistic regression and an ANN. These predictive models were compared against the Glasgow @entity439 Score. All models were assessed by generation of receiver operating characteristic curves and actual vs predicted outcomes plots, with area under the curve and Pearson r(2) value as the primary measures of discriminant ability. RESULTS: Of the 125 @entity1 , 53 (42%) did not survive to discharge. Five preoperative factors were significant (P  < .05) independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in multivariate analysis: advanced age, @entity8 , @entity909 , @entity1167 , and shock, although @entity8 was excluded from the models. The sequential accumulation of zero to four of these risk factors progressively increased overall mortality rate, from 11% to 16% to 44% to 76% to 89% (age  >=   70  years considered a risk factor). Algorithms derived from multiple logistic regression, ANN, and Glasgow @entity439 Score models generated area under the curve values of 0.85     0.04, 0.88     0.04 (training set), and 0.77      0.06 and Pearson r(2) values of .36, .52 and .17, respectively. The ANN model represented the most discriminant of the three. CONCLUSIONS: An ANN-based predictive model may represent a simple, useful, and highly discriminant adjunct to the vascular surgeon in accurately identifying those @entity1 who may carry a high mortality risk from attempted repair of @entity1755 , using only easily definable preoperative variables. Although still requiring external validation, our model is available for demonstration at https://redcap.vanderbilt.edu/surveys/?s=NN97NM7DTK.

title: Prediction of in-hospital mortality after XXXX repair using an artificial neural network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['rAAA', 'Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ) represent 23%-34% of @entity235 primary @entity242 . @entity1821 account for 2%-6% of @entity3257 but myxoid variants are rarely reported and information on their behaviour is fragmentary. An 8-year-old male crossbreed (case 1), a 12-year-old female French bulldog (case 2), and an 11-year-old crossbreed (case 3) underwent splenectomy after the detection of a splenic nodule. Histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) were performed. Bundles of spindle-to-polygonal cells containing occasional cytoplasmic oil-red-O positive vacuoles embedded in an Alcian blue-positive extracellular matrix were observed. Aggregates of round cells were detected in cases 1 and 3. All @entity5 were vimentin positive and actin, @entity38630 , @entity11691 , and S100 negative. The @entity1579 evidenced different maturational stages of adipose cells (lipoblasts, intermediate, and undifferentiated). All the cases developed hepatic @entity3 and were euthanized. Disease free interval was 2 months in cases 1 and 3, and 21 months in case 2. The presence of a neoplastic embolus in case 1 and areas of round cell differentiation in cases 1 and 3 represented the sole prognostic indices.

title: Pathological characterization of primary splenic myxoid liposarcomas in three XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['splenic sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['NANLs', 'Non-angiomatous-non-lymphomatous sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic liposarcomas']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the occurrence rate of @entity551 and bradycardic events (HBEs) during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed with interscalene brachial plexus block anesthesia in the sitting position in 2 groups of @entity1 who underwent the procedure with @entity1063 or @entity1425 added to the irrigation fluid. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1063 in comparison with @entity1425 in controlling @entity954 and maintaining adequate visualization of the arthroscopic field of view during the procedure. We hypothesized that @entity1063 added to the irrigation fluid during shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position would reduce the occurrence of HBEs, allowing optimal @entity954 control. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity1 underwent an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed under peripheral anesthesia and in the beach-chair position. @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups of 60 cases each: @entity1063 (0.66 mg/L) and @entity1425 (0.33 mg/L) were added to irrigation bags in group N and group E, respectively. The primary outcome was the occurrence rate of HBEs during surgery. The secondary outcomes were timing of onset of HBEs, accompanying symptoms, and @entity954 that @entity227 . The clarity of the visual field was rated postoperatively by the surgeon using a visual analog scale. Comparison between groups for all baseline variables and outcome measurements was performed with the   (2) or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables and the Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, for continuous variables. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: One @entity1 was excluded from group E because of block failure; therefore 119 @entity1 were finally included in the study. Comparison between groups showed no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The occurrence rate of HBEs was significantly greater in group E (n  = 15) than in group N (n  = 5) (P  = .02). No differences between groups were found in the average time of onset of HBEs, accompanying symptoms, and clarity of the visual field. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous administration of @entity1063 , 0.66 mg/L, diluted in irrigation fluid during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with the @entity1 in the beach-chair position reduces the incidence of HBEs and is as effective as @entity1425 in controlling @entity954 and maintaining the visual clarity of the surgical field. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized clinical study.

title: The effect of XXXX versus @entity1425 in irrigation fluid on the incidence of @entity551 /bradycardic events during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with interscalene block in the sitting position.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired arthroscopic visualization']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the occurrence rate of @entity551 and bradycardic events (HBEs) during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed with interscalene brachial plexus block anesthesia in the sitting position in 2 groups of @entity1 who underwent the procedure with @entity1063 or @entity1425 added to the irrigation fluid. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1063 in comparison with @entity1425 in controlling @entity954 and maintaining adequate visualization of the arthroscopic field of view during the procedure. We hypothesized that @entity1063 added to the irrigation fluid during shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position would reduce the occurrence of HBEs, allowing optimal @entity954 control. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity1 underwent an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed under peripheral anesthesia and in the beach-chair position. @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups of 60 cases each: @entity1063 (0.66 mg/L) and @entity1425 (0.33 mg/L) were added to irrigation bags in group N and group E, respectively. The primary outcome was the occurrence rate of HBEs during surgery. The secondary outcomes were timing of onset of HBEs, accompanying symptoms, and @entity954 that @entity227 . The clarity of the visual field was rated postoperatively by the surgeon using a visual analog scale. Comparison between groups for all baseline variables and outcome measurements was performed with the   (2) or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables and the Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, for continuous variables. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: One @entity1 was excluded from group E because of block failure; therefore 119 @entity1 were finally included in the study. Comparison between groups showed no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The occurrence rate of HBEs was significantly greater in group E (n  = 15) than in group N (n  = 5) (P  = .02). No differences between groups were found in the average time of onset of HBEs, accompanying symptoms, and clarity of the visual field. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous administration of @entity1063 , 0.66 mg/L, diluted in irrigation fluid during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with the @entity1 in the beach-chair position reduces the incidence of HBEs and is as effective as @entity1425 in controlling @entity954 and maintaining the visual clarity of the surgical field. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized clinical study.

title: The effect of @entity1063 versus @entity1425 in irrigation fluid on the incidence of XXXX /bradycardic events during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with interscalene block in the sitting position.

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']