abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms regulating @entity3206 ( @entity3206 ) are not well understood, although poor nutritional status and "intense" breastfeeding behaviors are associated with longer durations. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed primarily to investigate the hypothesis that higher body fat and @entity1243 concentrations are related to shorter @entity3206 in healthy, lactating US @entity1 . Nutrient intake, breastfeeding behaviors, prolactin, and insulin levels were also evaluated. METHODS: Fasting serum was collected during the third trimester of pregnancy, at 2 and 4 weeks postpartum, and every 4 weeks until the occurrence of the first postpartum menses. Body composition and breastfeeding behaviors were assessed at the same times postpartum. @entity1 (n = 13) were categorized based on initial percentage body fat and timing of first postpartum menses. RESULTS: There were no consistent relationships between body composition, @entity1243 , or breastfeeding behaviors and duration of @entity3206 . However, there was an interaction (P = .005) between ovulation group and time on adiposity; earlier ovulating @entity1 had less percentage body fat in early lactation than did later ovulating @entity1 . There was also an interaction (P = .1) between ovulation group and time postpartum on @entity1243 , such that @entity1243 concentrations tended to be greater in later than earlier ovulating groups beginning at 12 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSION: In summary, although baseline percentage body fat and @entity1243 were not related to duration of @entity3206 , fertility returned earlier in @entity1 who lost greater percentage body fat during the early postpartum period.

title: Loss of Body Fat and Associated Decrease in XXXX in Early Lactation Are Related to Shorter Duration of Postpartum Anovulation in Healthy US @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['PPA', 'postpartum anovulation']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms regulating @entity3206 ( @entity3206 ) are not well understood, although poor nutritional status and "intense" breastfeeding behaviors are associated with longer durations. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed primarily to investigate the hypothesis that higher body fat and @entity1243 concentrations are related to shorter @entity3206 in healthy, lactating US @entity1 . Nutrient intake, breastfeeding behaviors, prolactin, and insulin levels were also evaluated. METHODS: Fasting serum was collected during the third trimester of pregnancy, at 2 and 4 weeks postpartum, and every 4 weeks until the occurrence of the first postpartum menses. Body composition and breastfeeding behaviors were assessed at the same times postpartum. @entity1 (n = 13) were categorized based on initial percentage body fat and timing of first postpartum menses. RESULTS: There were no consistent relationships between body composition, @entity1243 , or breastfeeding behaviors and duration of @entity3206 . However, there was an interaction (P = .005) between ovulation group and time on adiposity; earlier ovulating @entity1 had less percentage body fat in early lactation than did later ovulating @entity1 . There was also an interaction (P = .1) between ovulation group and time postpartum on @entity1243 , such that @entity1243 concentrations tended to be greater in later than earlier ovulating groups beginning at 12 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSION: In summary, although baseline percentage body fat and @entity1243 were not related to duration of @entity3206 , fertility returned earlier in @entity1 who lost greater percentage body fat during the early postpartum period.

title: Loss of Body Fat and Associated Decrease in @entity1243 in Early Lactation Are Related to Shorter Duration of Postpartum Anovulation in Healthy US XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of biocompatible chemical compounds that enhance plant disease resistance through Induced Resistance (IR) is an innovative strategy to improve the yield and quality of crops. Phosphites (Phi), inorganic salts of @entity16000 , are environment friendly, and have been described to induce disease control. Phi, similar to other plant inductors, are thought to be effective against different types of biotic and abiotic stress, and it is assumed that the underlying signaling pathways probably overlap and interact. The signaling pathways triggered by UV-B radiation, for instance, are known to crosstalk with other signaling routes that respond that biotic stress. In the present work, the effect of @entity71430 (KPhi) pre-treatment on UV-B stress tolerance was evaluated in @entity415 leaves. Plants were treated with KPhi and, after 3 days, exposed to 2  h/day of UV-B (1.5 Watt m(-2)) for 0, 3 and 6 days. KPhi pre-treatment had a beneficial effect on two photosynthetic parameters, specifically chlorophyll content and expression of the @entity71431 gene. @entity66 caused by UV-B was also prevented by KPhi. A decrease in the accumulation of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) in leaves and an increase in @entity12682 @entity36023 ( @entity36023 ) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activities were also observed. In addition, the expression levels of a gene involved in @entity3096 synthesis increased in UV-B-stressed plants only when pre-treated with KPhi. Finally, accumulation of glucanases and chitinases was induced by UV-B stress and markedly potentiated by KPhi pre-treatment. Altogether, this is the first report that shows a contribution of KPhi in UV-B stress tolerance in @entity415 plants.

title: Potassium phosphite increases tolerance to UV-B in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity71430 :: ('MESH:C056591', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphite']

entities_list: @entity16000 :: ('MESH:C570063', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorous acid']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8434 ( @entity8434 ) is reported from nearly all geographic areas of Bangladesh, but little information is available on its epidemiologic and clinical features. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations of hepatic and abdominal @entity8434 cases presenting to tertiary referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study was conducted via chart reviews of hepatic and abdominal @entity8434 @entity1 under care at tertiary referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between 2002 and 2011. Age, sex, education level, occupation, urban versus rural residence, drinking water source, history of @entity235 ownership, cyst type and location, and clinical manifestations were recorded for all @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 130 @entity1 enrolled, 92 (70.8%) were female and 38 (29.2%) were male. The majority of @entity1 were from rural (76.2%) rather than urban (23.8%) areas. All cases were from the northern part of the country, with no cases reported from the south or southeast. Most @entity1 were between 21 and 40 years of age. A total of 119 @entity1 (91.5%) had cysts only in the liver, with the remaining 8.5% having cysts in both the liver and lungs or in the abdominal cavity. Seventy-six (58.5%) of the @entity99 were stage @entity2601 , indicating @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Active transmission of @entity12047 appears to be occurring in Bangladesh, as indicated by the high number of @entity2601 @entity99 seen at tertiary care hospitals. Community ultrasound screening studies are warranted to better define the distribution of cases and risk factors for parasite transmission.

title: Abdominal XXXX in Bangladesh: a hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['CE', 'Cystic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['recent infection']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['cystic echinococcosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on long-term visual outcomes in @entity1 receiving continuous fixed-interval dosing of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) treatment in neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Single-practice retrospective chart review. @entity1 : One hundred nine eyes with exudative @entity1020 receiving continuous fixed-interval dosing (every 4-8 weeks) of anti- @entity7 therapy (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept) for at least 5 years. Eyes were excluded if they averaged fewer than 6.5 injections per year. METHODS: Snellen @entity227 was recorded at baseline and all subsequent injections. Changes from baseline were calculated at yearly intervals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was mean change in letter score at 5, 6, and 7 years; secondary outcomes included the percentage of @entity1 with 20/40 vision or better at 7 years and the mean change in letter score at each yearly time point based on baseline visual grouping (20/40 or better, 20/50-20/100, 20/200 or worse). RESULTS: Forty-four, 75, and 109 @entity1 with 7, 6, and 5 years, respectively, of continuous treatment were identified. Mean change in letter score at year 5 was  +14.0 letters (P  = 3.9  * 10(-9)),  +12.2 letters at 6 years (P  =  1.5  * 10(-7)), and  +12.1 letters at 7 years (P  = 3.8  * 10(-5)). Driving vision (20/40 or better) was achieved in 43.2% of treated eyes. Subanalysis revealed that the greatest visual gains at 5 and 7 years were seen in those @entity1 with baseline @entity227 worse than 20/200 (+24.5 and  +25.5 letters), followed by those with 20/50 to 20/100 vision (+6.7 and  +6.9 letters), and finally those with 20/20 to 20/40 (+3.7 and  +3.4 letters). @entity1 received an average of 10.5 injections per year. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous fixed-interval dosing of anti- @entity7 therapy in @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 results in favorable long-term preservation out to 7 years, with vision stabilizing or improving in 93.2% of eyes. Additionally, 43.2% of @entity1 maintained driving vision in the treatment eye at 7 years compared with 10.1% at baseline. Our data suggest better outcomes with continuous therapy over published results with sporadic, as-needed therapy.

title: Long-Term Outcomes in Eyes Receiving Fixed-Interval Dosing of Anti- XXXX Agents for Wet Age-Related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on long-term visual outcomes in @entity1 receiving continuous fixed-interval dosing of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) treatment in neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Single-practice retrospective chart review. @entity1 : One hundred nine eyes with exudative @entity1020 receiving continuous fixed-interval dosing (every 4-8 weeks) of anti- @entity7 therapy (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept) for at least 5 years. Eyes were excluded if they averaged fewer than 6.5 injections per year. METHODS: Snellen @entity227 was recorded at baseline and all subsequent injections. Changes from baseline were calculated at yearly intervals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was mean change in letter score at 5, 6, and 7 years; secondary outcomes included the percentage of @entity1 with 20/40 vision or better at 7 years and the mean change in letter score at each yearly time point based on baseline visual grouping (20/40 or better, 20/50-20/100, 20/200 or worse). RESULTS: Forty-four, 75, and 109 @entity1 with 7, 6, and 5 years, respectively, of continuous treatment were identified. Mean change in letter score at year 5 was  +14.0 letters (P  = 3.9  * 10(-9)),  +12.2 letters at 6 years (P  =  1.5  * 10(-7)), and  +12.1 letters at 7 years (P  = 3.8  * 10(-5)). Driving vision (20/40 or better) was achieved in 43.2% of treated eyes. Subanalysis revealed that the greatest visual gains at 5 and 7 years were seen in those @entity1 with baseline @entity227 worse than 20/200 (+24.5 and  +25.5 letters), followed by those with 20/50 to 20/100 vision (+6.7 and  +6.9 letters), and finally those with 20/20 to 20/40 (+3.7 and  +3.4 letters). @entity1 received an average of 10.5 injections per year. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous fixed-interval dosing of anti- @entity7 therapy in @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 results in favorable long-term preservation out to 7 years, with vision stabilizing or improving in 93.2% of eyes. Additionally, 43.2% of @entity1 maintained driving vision in the treatment eye at 7 years compared with 10.1% at baseline. Our data suggest better outcomes with continuous therapy over published results with sporadic, as-needed therapy.

title: Long-Term Outcomes in Eyes Receiving Fixed-Interval Dosing of Anti- @entity7 Agents for Wet Age-Related XXXX .

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of biomarkers used for the prognostic evaluation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity20319 , @entity11833 , @entity4735 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in completely resected @entity1149 @entity1 . In total, 130 @entity1 , surgically treated for @entity1149 between 2000 and 2012, were included. An analysis of SNPs from peripheral blood cells was performed by polymerase chain reaction. @entity20319 @entity20322 , @entity11833 @entity20315 , @entity4735 @entity20317 , and @entity876 @entity7820 polymorphisms were evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters and survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used. Median age rate was 59.3, ranging between 36 and 78  years. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was found as 46.2  months. In those with @entity4735 CC allele, median @entity4557 was detected as 28.3  months (95  % confidence interval (CI), 20.8-35.8), 46.9  months in those with CT heterozygous (95  % CI, 18.6-75.2), and 80.1  months for those with TT mutant allel (95  % CI, 33.0-127.2). Median @entity4557 was seen to be longer in mutant group and also statistically significant (P   =   0.018). Additionally, upon evaluating CC normal group with CT   +   TT alleles including mutant alleles, median @entity4557 was found as 56.5  months (95  % CI, 24.6-88.4) in CT   +   TT group, and this was statistically significant (P   =   0.005) Also, median @entity4557 was 15.1  months in those including @entity4735 CC allele and 56.5  months in CT   +   TT allele in the group with no adjuvant treatment (P   =   0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that @entity4735 / @entity4735 polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor in operated @entity1149 @entity1 , and these findings should be supported with prospective studies.

title: Prognostic value of @entity11833 , @entity4735 , @entity20319 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity1 with early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['relapse-free survival duration', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity20322 :: ('p|SUB|R|399|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg399Gln']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity20315 :: ('p|SUB|N|118|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asn118Asn']

entities_list: @entity20317 :: ('p|SUB|K|751|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys751Gln']

entities_list: @entity7820 :: ('p|SUB|R|72|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg72Pro']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of biomarkers used for the prognostic evaluation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity20319 , @entity11833 , @entity4735 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in completely resected @entity1149 @entity1 . In total, 130 @entity1 , surgically treated for @entity1149 between 2000 and 2012, were included. An analysis of SNPs from peripheral blood cells was performed by polymerase chain reaction. @entity20319 @entity20322 , @entity11833 @entity20315 , @entity4735 @entity20317 , and @entity876 @entity7820 polymorphisms were evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters and survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used. Median age rate was 59.3, ranging between 36 and 78  years. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was found as 46.2  months. In those with @entity4735 CC allele, median @entity4557 was detected as 28.3  months (95  % confidence interval (CI), 20.8-35.8), 46.9  months in those with CT heterozygous (95  % CI, 18.6-75.2), and 80.1  months for those with TT mutant allel (95  % CI, 33.0-127.2). Median @entity4557 was seen to be longer in mutant group and also statistically significant (P   =   0.018). Additionally, upon evaluating CC normal group with CT   +   TT alleles including mutant alleles, median @entity4557 was found as 56.5  months (95  % CI, 24.6-88.4) in CT   +   TT group, and this was statistically significant (P   =   0.005) Also, median @entity4557 was 15.1  months in those including @entity4735 CC allele and 56.5  months in CT   +   TT allele in the group with no adjuvant treatment (P   =   0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that @entity4735 / @entity4735 polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor in operated @entity1149 @entity1 , and these findings should be supported with prospective studies.

title: Prognostic value of @entity11833 , @entity4735 , @entity20319 , and XXXX single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 .

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of biomarkers used for the prognostic evaluation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity20319 , @entity11833 , @entity4735 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in completely resected @entity1149 @entity1 . In total, 130 @entity1 , surgically treated for @entity1149 between 2000 and 2012, were included. An analysis of SNPs from peripheral blood cells was performed by polymerase chain reaction. @entity20319 @entity20322 , @entity11833 @entity20315 , @entity4735 @entity20317 , and @entity876 @entity7820 polymorphisms were evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters and survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used. Median age rate was 59.3, ranging between 36 and 78  years. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was found as 46.2  months. In those with @entity4735 CC allele, median @entity4557 was detected as 28.3  months (95  % confidence interval (CI), 20.8-35.8), 46.9  months in those with CT heterozygous (95  % CI, 18.6-75.2), and 80.1  months for those with TT mutant allel (95  % CI, 33.0-127.2). Median @entity4557 was seen to be longer in mutant group and also statistically significant (P   =   0.018). Additionally, upon evaluating CC normal group with CT   +   TT alleles including mutant alleles, median @entity4557 was found as 56.5  months (95  % CI, 24.6-88.4) in CT   +   TT group, and this was statistically significant (P   =   0.005) Also, median @entity4557 was 15.1  months in those including @entity4735 CC allele and 56.5  months in CT   +   TT allele in the group with no adjuvant treatment (P   =   0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that @entity4735 / @entity4735 polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor in operated @entity1149 @entity1 , and these findings should be supported with prospective studies.

title: Prognostic value of XXXX , @entity4735 , @entity20319 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 .

answer: @entity11833 :: (2067,Gene) :: ['ERCC1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of biomarkers used for the prognostic evaluation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity20319 , @entity11833 , @entity4735 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in completely resected @entity1149 @entity1 . In total, 130 @entity1 , surgically treated for @entity1149 between 2000 and 2012, were included. An analysis of SNPs from peripheral blood cells was performed by polymerase chain reaction. @entity20319 @entity20322 , @entity11833 @entity20315 , @entity4735 @entity20317 , and @entity876 @entity7820 polymorphisms were evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters and survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used. Median age rate was 59.3, ranging between 36 and 78  years. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was found as 46.2  months. In those with @entity4735 CC allele, median @entity4557 was detected as 28.3  months (95  % confidence interval (CI), 20.8-35.8), 46.9  months in those with CT heterozygous (95  % CI, 18.6-75.2), and 80.1  months for those with TT mutant allel (95  % CI, 33.0-127.2). Median @entity4557 was seen to be longer in mutant group and also statistically significant (P   =   0.018). Additionally, upon evaluating CC normal group with CT   +   TT alleles including mutant alleles, median @entity4557 was found as 56.5  months (95  % CI, 24.6-88.4) in CT   +   TT group, and this was statistically significant (P   =   0.005) Also, median @entity4557 was 15.1  months in those including @entity4735 CC allele and 56.5  months in CT   +   TT allele in the group with no adjuvant treatment (P   =   0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that @entity4735 / @entity4735 polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor in operated @entity1149 @entity1 , and these findings should be supported with prospective studies.

title: Prognostic value of @entity11833 , XXXX , @entity20319 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 .

answer: @entity4735 :: (2068,Gene) :: ['ERCC2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of biomarkers used for the prognostic evaluation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity20319 , @entity11833 , @entity4735 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in completely resected @entity1149 @entity1 . In total, 130 @entity1 , surgically treated for @entity1149 between 2000 and 2012, were included. An analysis of SNPs from peripheral blood cells was performed by polymerase chain reaction. @entity20319 @entity20322 , @entity11833 @entity20315 , @entity4735 @entity20317 , and @entity876 @entity7820 polymorphisms were evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters and survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used. Median age rate was 59.3, ranging between 36 and 78  years. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was found as 46.2  months. In those with @entity4735 CC allele, median @entity4557 was detected as 28.3  months (95  % confidence interval (CI), 20.8-35.8), 46.9  months in those with CT heterozygous (95  % CI, 18.6-75.2), and 80.1  months for those with TT mutant allel (95  % CI, 33.0-127.2). Median @entity4557 was seen to be longer in mutant group and also statistically significant (P   =   0.018). Additionally, upon evaluating CC normal group with CT   +   TT alleles including mutant alleles, median @entity4557 was found as 56.5  months (95  % CI, 24.6-88.4) in CT   +   TT group, and this was statistically significant (P   =   0.005) Also, median @entity4557 was 15.1  months in those including @entity4735 CC allele and 56.5  months in CT   +   TT allele in the group with no adjuvant treatment (P   =   0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that @entity4735 / @entity4735 polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor in operated @entity1149 @entity1 , and these findings should be supported with prospective studies.

title: Prognostic value of @entity11833 , @entity4735 , XXXX , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 .

answer: @entity20319 :: (7515,Gene) :: ['XRCC1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of biomarkers used for the prognostic evaluation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity20319 , @entity11833 , @entity4735 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in completely resected @entity1149 @entity1 . In total, 130 @entity1 , surgically treated for @entity1149 between 2000 and 2012, were included. An analysis of SNPs from peripheral blood cells was performed by polymerase chain reaction. @entity20319 @entity20322 , @entity11833 @entity20315 , @entity4735 @entity20317 , and @entity876 @entity7820 polymorphisms were evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters and survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used. Median age rate was 59.3, ranging between 36 and 78  years. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was found as 46.2  months. In those with @entity4735 CC allele, median @entity4557 was detected as 28.3  months (95  % confidence interval (CI), 20.8-35.8), 46.9  months in those with CT heterozygous (95  % CI, 18.6-75.2), and 80.1  months for those with TT mutant allel (95  % CI, 33.0-127.2). Median @entity4557 was seen to be longer in mutant group and also statistically significant (P   =   0.018). Additionally, upon evaluating CC normal group with CT   +   TT alleles including mutant alleles, median @entity4557 was found as 56.5  months (95  % CI, 24.6-88.4) in CT   +   TT group, and this was statistically significant (P   =   0.005) Also, median @entity4557 was 15.1  months in those including @entity4735 CC allele and 56.5  months in CT   +   TT allele in the group with no adjuvant treatment (P   =   0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that @entity4735 / @entity4735 polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor in operated @entity1149 @entity1 , and these findings should be supported with prospective studies.

title: Prognostic value of @entity11833 , @entity4735 , @entity20319 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms in XXXX with early-stage @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Eighty successive @entity1 underwent the Mustard operation for "simple" @entity3886 (TGA) between January, 1970, and January, 1980. Ages ranged from 42 days to 12.4 years (mean 14.7 months). Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) with balloon volumes of more than 2.5 ml produced significant increases of arterial @entity26 saturation, although the initial benefit of BAS was greater than that found at follow-up catheterization. In these @entity1 the left ventricular (LV) pressure tended to decrease during the first months of life, but this drop was less marked at the end of the first year. Deep @entity2332 and @entity1167 were employed in all cases. Several modifications were adapted to the original surgical technique in order to reduce last sequelae. There were two early and three late deaths. At follow-up (mean 4.5 years) 74% of @entity1 were symptom free. Sinoatrial and atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances were present in five and six @entity1 , respectively. Caval or @entity3885 occurred in 13 @entity1 , seven of whom required reoperation. Isolated @entity997 was present in one @entity1 only, but in four it was associated with other defects. Primary right ventricular (RV) failure occurred in one @entity1 . These findings, in relation to mortality, complications, and the excellent clinical results in the majority of survivors, compare favorably with results published for @entity1 with "simple" TGA who have been subjected to other types of physiological or anatomic correction. At the present time, there seems to be no good reason to alter our surgical policy in this group of @entity1 .

title: Appraisal of the Mustard procedure for the physiological correction of "simple" XXXX . Eighty consecutive cases, 1970-1980.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiocirculatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1980, 20 @entity1 with @entity82 were treated by resection of ventricular endocardium and replacement of the @entity340 . There were 13 male and seven female @entity1 whose ages ranged between 12 and 58 years. Thirteen were white and the remaining seven were black Africans. Nine presented a right-sided form, five a left-sided one, and six presented involvement of both ventricles. The role of @entity1712 is discussed in the etiology of the disease. The operation was performed according to the techniques we had developed in our first operative case-excision of the @entity340 . Complete resection of the endocardium, and valvular replacement. There were three operative @entity204 . Complete @entity616 was observed in seven of our @entity1 . particularly in those with right-sided @entity884 . At late follow-up, we have not observed any case of recurrence of the disease. On the basis of our experience and the results previously published in the literature, we believe that endocardiectomy is the best current treatment of this disease.

title: Surgical treatment of constrictive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous endocarditis']


abstract: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of adults with @entity4503 who underwent @entity886 ( @entity886 ), consisting of replacement of the diseased BAV with 2 or 3 pericardial leaflets plus fixation of the sinotubular junction for accurate and constant leaflet coaptation. From December 2007 through April 2013, 135 consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 49.2    13.1 yr; 73.3% @entity1 ) with symptomatic @entity4503 underwent @entity886 . Raphe was observed in 84 @entity1 (62.2%), and the remaining 51 @entity1 had pure BAV without raphe. A total of 122 @entity1 (90.4%) underwent 3-leaflet reconstruction, and 13 (9.6%) underwent 2-leaflet reconstruction. Concomitant aortic wrapping with an artificial graft was performed in 63 @entity1 (46.7%). There were no in-hospital deaths and 2 late deaths (1.5%); 6 @entity1 (4.4%) needed valve-related reoperation. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 98%    1.5%, and freedom from valve-related reoperation at 5 years was 92.7%    3.6%. In the last available echocardiograms, @entity337 was absent or trivial in 116 @entity1 (85.9%), mild in 16 (11.9%), moderate in 2 (1.5%), and severe in one (0.7%). The mean aortic valve gradient was 10.2    4.5 mmHg, and the mean aortic valve orifice area index was 1.3    0.3 cm(2)/m(2). The 3-leaflet technique resulted in lower valve gradients and greater valve areas than did the 2-leaflet technique. Thus, in @entity1 with BAV, @entity886 yielded satisfactory early and midterm results with low mortality rates and low reoperation risk after the initial procedure.

title: Aortic valve reconstruction with use of pericardial leaflets in adults with bicuspid XXXX : early and midterm outcomes.

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease', 'BAV disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve reconstructive surgery', 'AVRS']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hydatid cyst is a significant health problem in underdeveloped and developing countries, particularly among @entity742 breeders. Although @entity299 is seen only in 0.2% to 3% of the cases, early diagnosis and treatment are important. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old @entity1 with @entity1353 and atypical pericardial type @entity662 for three months was referred to us. Chest X-ray revealed linear calcification in the left side of the heart. Computed tomography demonstrated a cyst with peripheral calcification and without internal septation in the lateral left ventricle (LV) myocardium. Serologic IgG test was positive for @entity8434 . No other cyst was seen in the other organs such as the lungs and liver. By midline sternotomy on pump, an incision was made 2-cm lateral to the left ascending artery through the LV myocardium and without entering any cardiac chamber. After injecting hypertonic (5%) saline, the cyst was punctured and its fluid contents were aspirated, the cyst was enucleated, and the cavity marsupialization was done for protection of the myocardium. LV ejection fraction before operation was 40% but after operation and repairing LV myocardium, ejection fraction increased to 50% in. Histopathologic examination confirmed a hydatid cyst. CONCLUSIONS: In myocardial hydatid cysts, we recommend a direct approach without entering the cardiac chambers to avoid dissemination of the @entity281 . We recommend excision of the germinative membrane without capitonnage to avoid impairment of @entity296 .

title: Heart hydatid cyst close to the left descending artery in a thirteen-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contraction']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) are benign, highly vascularized lesions located in the jugular foramen with frequent invasion to the temporal bone, the upper neck, and the posterior fossa cavity. Their natural history, surgical treatment, and outcome have been well addressed in the recent literature; however, there is no consensus regarding the optimal management while minimizing treatment-related morbidity. In this study, we assessed the interdisciplinary microsurgical treatment and outcome of large TJP collected at a single center. METHODS: Out of 54 @entity1 with skull base @entity1823 , 14 (25%) presented with large TJP (Fisch grade C and D). Posterior fossa involvement was present in 10 @entity1 (Fisch D). Eleven @entity1 presented with @entity393 , two @entity1 with mild @entity2103 , and two @entity1 with lower @entity129 . Two other @entity1 with previous surgery presented with @entity5 regrowth. RESULTS: Preoperative embolization was performed in 13 cases. @entity5 removal was possible in 10 @entity1 . Hearing was preserved in four @entity1 with normal preoperative audiogram. The facial nerve was preserved in all @entity1 . Temporary @entity2103 occurred in two @entity1 and resolved in long-term follow-up. In three @entity1 , preexisting @entity2103 remained unchanged. Persistent @entity3746 was present in three @entity1 and was treated with laryngoplasty. The global recovery based on the Karnofsky performance scale was 100% in 10 @entity1 and 90% in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolization and interdisciplinary microsurgical resection are the preferred treatment for selected @entity1 due to high @entity5 control rates and good long-term results.

title: Microsurgical treatment of large and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord palsy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Radical tumor']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Tympanojugular paragangliomas', 'TJPs', 'paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['giant tympanojugular paragangliomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity170 is a serious condition affecting up to 50% of Indian postmenopausal @entity1 . Denosumab reduces bone resorption by targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of denosumab in Indian postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind, multicenter, phase 3 study, 250 Indian postmenopausal @entity1 aged 55 to 75 years (T-score <-2.5 and >-4.0 at the lumbar spine or total hip; serum 25(OH) D levels >= 20 ng/mL) were randomized to receive one subcutaneous dose of denosumab 60 mg or placebo. All subjects received oral calcium >= 1000 mg and vitamin D3 >=  400 IU daily. The primary end point was mean percent change in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) at the lumbar spine from baseline to Month 6. Secondary end points included mean percent change from baseline in @entity79 , and trochanter at Month 6 and median percent change from baseline in bone turnover markers at Months 1, 3, and 6. RESULTS: Total 225 subjects (denosumab = 111, placebo = 114) completed the six-month study. Baseline demographics were similar between groups. A 3.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.9%, 4.2%) increase favoring denosumab versus placebo was seen for the primary end point (P < 0.0001). Denosumab demonstrated a significant treatment benefit over placebo for the secondary end points. There were no @entity174 or withdrawals due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with results from studies conducted in other parts of the world, denosumab was well tolerated and effective in increasing @entity79 and decreasing bone turnover markers over a six-month period in Indian postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of denosumab in Indian postmenopausal @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'BMD at total hip, femoral neck']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity170 is a serious condition affecting up to 50% of Indian postmenopausal @entity1 . Denosumab reduces bone resorption by targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of denosumab in Indian postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind, multicenter, phase 3 study, 250 Indian postmenopausal @entity1 aged 55 to 75 years (T-score <-2.5 and >-4.0 at the lumbar spine or total hip; serum 25(OH) D levels >= 20 ng/mL) were randomized to receive one subcutaneous dose of denosumab 60 mg or placebo. All subjects received oral calcium >= 1000 mg and vitamin D3 >=  400 IU daily. The primary end point was mean percent change in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) at the lumbar spine from baseline to Month 6. Secondary end points included mean percent change from baseline in @entity79 , and trochanter at Month 6 and median percent change from baseline in bone turnover markers at Months 1, 3, and 6. RESULTS: Total 225 subjects (denosumab = 111, placebo = 114) completed the six-month study. Baseline demographics were similar between groups. A 3.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.9%, 4.2%) increase favoring denosumab versus placebo was seen for the primary end point (P < 0.0001). Denosumab demonstrated a significant treatment benefit over placebo for the secondary end points. There were no @entity174 or withdrawals due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with results from studies conducted in other parts of the world, denosumab was well tolerated and effective in increasing @entity79 and decreasing bone turnover markers over a six-month period in Indian postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of denosumab in Indian postmenopausal XXXX with @entity170 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Empagliflozin is agent of new antidiabetic drugs that cause @entity10200 blocking the @entity13897 reuptake in the proxi-mal tubule. The loss of 50-100 g of @entity13897 / 24 hours in the urine results in a reduction of fasting @entity13897 , especially post-prandial @entity13897 , the energy expenditure of 200-400 kcal / day and blood pressure lowering. Treatment efficacy does not decrease over time, as it is not dependent on its own insulin production. The work evaluates the safety of modern treatment with empagliflozin which will soon appear in the portfolio of antidiabetic agents in the Czech Republic. The conducted studies with a special focus on empagliflozin treatment have shown high efficacy, safety and good tolerability of drug. It has been described a higher incidence of @entity281 with non-severe course, especially in @entity1 . The drug does not cause hypoglycaemia. In combination with sulfonylurea hypoglycaemia may occur. Empagliflozin does not cause clinically significant @entity2700 or @entity551 in @entity1 about 60 years of age, but some caution in empagliflozin treatment should be in elderly and fragile @entity1 . The big convenience of empagliflozin is its clinically non-significant interactions with other drugs and simple dosage of 1 tablet / day orally. In conclusion, empagliflozin is highly effective oral antidiabetic agent with a potential of wide application in all stages of type 2 @entity6 in monotherapy or combined with other medication. The treatment is associated with @entity353 and blood pressure lowering. The drug is effective and safe until @entity470 45 ml / s, in lower values the treatment should be discontinued. The occurrence of side effects is rare, except increased incidence of @entity281 especially in @entity1 and increased risk of hypoglycaemia when empagliflozin is combined with sulfonylurea.Key words: @entity6 treatment - empagliflozin - HbA1c - @entity31504 .

title: [New XXXX inhibitor empagliflozin: modern and safe treatment of  @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus type 2 - diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['genital infections']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity31504 :: (6524,Gene) :: ['SGLT2']


abstract: Empagliflozin is agent of new antidiabetic drugs that cause @entity10200 blocking the @entity13897 reuptake in the proxi-mal tubule. The loss of 50-100 g of @entity13897 / 24 hours in the urine results in a reduction of fasting @entity13897 , especially post-prandial @entity13897 , the energy expenditure of 200-400 kcal / day and blood pressure lowering. Treatment efficacy does not decrease over time, as it is not dependent on its own insulin production. The work evaluates the safety of modern treatment with empagliflozin which will soon appear in the portfolio of antidiabetic agents in the Czech Republic. The conducted studies with a special focus on empagliflozin treatment have shown high efficacy, safety and good tolerability of drug. It has been described a higher incidence of @entity281 with non-severe course, especially in @entity1 . The drug does not cause hypoglycaemia. In combination with sulfonylurea hypoglycaemia may occur. Empagliflozin does not cause clinically significant @entity2700 or @entity551 in @entity1 about 60 years of age, but some caution in empagliflozin treatment should be in elderly and fragile @entity1 . The big convenience of empagliflozin is its clinically non-significant interactions with other drugs and simple dosage of 1 tablet / day orally. In conclusion, empagliflozin is highly effective oral antidiabetic agent with a potential of wide application in all stages of type 2 @entity6 in monotherapy or combined with other medication. The treatment is associated with @entity353 and blood pressure lowering. The drug is effective and safe until @entity470 45 ml / s, in lower values the treatment should be discontinued. The occurrence of side effects is rare, except increased incidence of @entity281 especially in @entity1 and increased risk of hypoglycaemia when empagliflozin is combined with sulfonylurea.Key words: @entity6 treatment - empagliflozin - HbA1c - @entity31504 .

title: [New @entity31504 inhibitor empagliflozin: modern and safe treatment of  XXXX ].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment initiation rates following @entity174 have often been reported to be low and in recent years numerous programs have been implemented worldwide to increase them. This study aimed at describing @entity170 ( @entity170 ) treatment initiation in a representative sample of @entity1 who were hospitalized for a @entity174 ( @entity174 ) or @entity174 ( @entity174 ) in 2009-2011 in France. The data source was a nationwide sample of 600,000 individuals, extracted from the French National Insurance Healthcare System database. All @entity1 aged 50 years and older who were hospitalized for a @entity174 or @entity174 between 2009 and 2011 and who had not received any @entity170 treatment in the preceding 12 months were included in a retrospective cohort study. @entity170 treatments initiated during the year following the @entity174 were analyzed. From 2009 to 2011, 729 @entity1 were hospitalized for a @entity174 or a @entity174 and 284 were on @entity170 treatment at the time of the @entity174 occurrence. Among the 445 @entity1 who had no prevalent @entity170 treatment, 131 (29.4%) received supplementation treatment only ( @entity560 and/or @entity460 ) and 42 (9.4%) received a pharmacologic @entity170 treatment in the year following their @entity174 . Pharmacological @entity170 treatments included @entity171 (n = 21), @entity176 (n = 14), hormone replacement therapy (n = 4), or @entity441 (n = 3). General practitioners prescribed 75% of initial @entity170 treatments. Despite the guidelines published in 2006 and the numerous initiatives to promote post- @entity174 @entity170 treatment, @entity170 treatment initiation rate in @entity1 who were hospitalized for a @entity174 remained low in 2009-2011 in France.

title: Low XXXX Treatment Initiation Rate in @entity1 after Distal Forearm or Proximal Humerus Fracture: A Healthcare Database Nested Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['PHF', 'fragility fractures', 'DFF', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture', 'proximal humerus fracture', 'distal forearm fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['OP', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium ranelate']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment initiation rates following @entity174 have often been reported to be low and in recent years numerous programs have been implemented worldwide to increase them. This study aimed at describing @entity170 ( @entity170 ) treatment initiation in a representative sample of @entity1 who were hospitalized for a @entity174 ( @entity174 ) or @entity174 ( @entity174 ) in 2009-2011 in France. The data source was a nationwide sample of 600,000 individuals, extracted from the French National Insurance Healthcare System database. All @entity1 aged 50 years and older who were hospitalized for a @entity174 or @entity174 between 2009 and 2011 and who had not received any @entity170 treatment in the preceding 12 months were included in a retrospective cohort study. @entity170 treatments initiated during the year following the @entity174 were analyzed. From 2009 to 2011, 729 @entity1 were hospitalized for a @entity174 or a @entity174 and 284 were on @entity170 treatment at the time of the @entity174 occurrence. Among the 445 @entity1 who had no prevalent @entity170 treatment, 131 (29.4%) received supplementation treatment only ( @entity560 and/or @entity460 ) and 42 (9.4%) received a pharmacologic @entity170 treatment in the year following their @entity174 . Pharmacological @entity170 treatments included @entity171 (n = 21), @entity176 (n = 14), hormone replacement therapy (n = 4), or @entity441 (n = 3). General practitioners prescribed 75% of initial @entity170 treatments. Despite the guidelines published in 2006 and the numerous initiatives to promote post- @entity174 @entity170 treatment, @entity170 treatment initiation rate in @entity1 who were hospitalized for a @entity174 remained low in 2009-2011 in France.

title: Low @entity170 Treatment Initiation Rate in XXXX after Distal Forearm or Proximal Humerus Fracture: A Healthcare Database Nested Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kalanchoe crenata popularly known as " @entity235 's liver" is used in most African countries for the treatment of @entity102 such as @entity6 , @entity565 and @entity645 / @entity791 related @entity281 . The evaluation of K. crenata for herb-drug interactions has not been reported. This study therefore aims to evaluate the risk of K. crenata for herb-drug interaction in vitro. Crude @entity1042 and fractions of K. crenata were incubated and preincubated with recombinant @entity1 @entity4433 and @entity5322 . Comparative studies were conducted in both @entity1 liver microsomes and recombinant @entity1 CYP to ascertain the inhibition profile of the crude extract and the various fractions. The cocktail approach of recombinant @entity1 CYPs was conducted to confirm the inhibition potential of the fractions in the presence of other CYPs. The results showed significant time-dependent inhibition of tested samples on @entity5322 with crude @entity1042 (39KC), fractions 45A, 45B and 45D given IC50 fold decrease of 3.29, 2.26, 1.91 and 1.49 respective. Time dependent kinetic assessment of 39KC and 45D showed KI and kinact values for 39KC as 1.77 g/mL and 0.091 min-1 while that of 45D were 6.45  g/mL and 0.024 min-1 respectively. Determination of kinact based on IC50 calculations yielded 0.015 and 0.04 min-1 for 39KC and 45D respectively. Cocktail approach exhibited fold decreases in IC50 for all test fractions on @entity5322 within the ranges of 2.10 - 4.10. At least one phytoconstituent in the crude @entity1042 extract of Kalanchoe crenata is a reversible and time-dependent inhibitor of @entity5322 .

title: In Vitro Evaluation of Reversible and Time-Dependent Inhibitory Effects of Kalanchoe Crenata on XXXX and @entity5322 Activity.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity4433 :: (1557,Gene) :: ['CYP2C19']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kalanchoe crenata popularly known as " @entity235 's liver" is used in most African countries for the treatment of @entity102 such as @entity6 , @entity565 and @entity645 / @entity791 related @entity281 . The evaluation of K. crenata for herb-drug interactions has not been reported. This study therefore aims to evaluate the risk of K. crenata for herb-drug interaction in vitro. Crude @entity1042 and fractions of K. crenata were incubated and preincubated with recombinant @entity1 @entity4433 and @entity5322 . Comparative studies were conducted in both @entity1 liver microsomes and recombinant @entity1 CYP to ascertain the inhibition profile of the crude extract and the various fractions. The cocktail approach of recombinant @entity1 CYPs was conducted to confirm the inhibition potential of the fractions in the presence of other CYPs. The results showed significant time-dependent inhibition of tested samples on @entity5322 with crude @entity1042 (39KC), fractions 45A, 45B and 45D given IC50 fold decrease of 3.29, 2.26, 1.91 and 1.49 respective. Time dependent kinetic assessment of 39KC and 45D showed KI and kinact values for 39KC as 1.77 g/mL and 0.091 min-1 while that of 45D were 6.45  g/mL and 0.024 min-1 respectively. Determination of kinact based on IC50 calculations yielded 0.015 and 0.04 min-1 for 39KC and 45D respectively. Cocktail approach exhibited fold decreases in IC50 for all test fractions on @entity5322 within the ranges of 2.10 - 4.10. At least one phytoconstituent in the crude @entity1042 extract of Kalanchoe crenata is a reversible and time-dependent inhibitor of @entity5322 .

title: In Vitro Evaluation of Reversible and Time-Dependent Inhibitory Effects of Kalanchoe Crenata on @entity4433 and XXXX Activity.

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A4']


abstract: One hundred and sixty-three @entity1 subjected to three different types of thoracic operation were allocated randomly either to balanced intravenous anaesthesia including i.v. opiates with post-operative intramuscular opiates (intramuscular group) or to balanced intravenous anaesthesia without i.v. opiates but with high thoracic epidural regional block during the operation as well as epidural @entity47059 post-operatively (epidural group). Post-operative @entity47059 was given only at the request of the @entity1 and as frequently as needed to obtain satisfactory @entity158 relief. @entity1 in the epidural group received @entity47059 exclusively by epidural injection. In this paper (Part I), general parameters between the epidural group and the im. group are compared. The epidural group showed acceptable cardiovascular stability during the operation. With the catheter tip at the T3-T4 level, there was apparently a preferential spread downwards of the local anaesthetics. Post-operatively both groups (i.m. and epidural) provided effective and rapid onset of @entity1337 . There were no major differences in post-operative @entity158 assessment, either by the @entity1 or by the team.

title: Post-operative @entity1337 by epidural versus intramuscular XXXX after thoracotomy. Part I.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity47059 :: ('MESH:C008549', 'Chemical') :: ['nicomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity47059 :: (MESH:C008549,Chemical) :: ['nicomorphine']


abstract: One hundred and sixty-three @entity1 subjected to three different types of thoracic operation were allocated randomly either to balanced intravenous anaesthesia including i.v. opiates with post-operative intramuscular opiates (intramuscular group) or to balanced intravenous anaesthesia without i.v. opiates but with high thoracic epidural regional block during the operation as well as epidural @entity47059 post-operatively (epidural group). Post-operative @entity47059 was given only at the request of the @entity1 and as frequently as needed to obtain satisfactory @entity158 relief. @entity1 in the epidural group received @entity47059 exclusively by epidural injection. In this paper (Part I), general parameters between the epidural group and the im. group are compared. The epidural group showed acceptable cardiovascular stability during the operation. With the catheter tip at the T3-T4 level, there was apparently a preferential spread downwards of the local anaesthetics. Post-operatively both groups (i.m. and epidural) provided effective and rapid onset of @entity1337 . There were no major differences in post-operative @entity158 assessment, either by the @entity1 or by the team.

title: Post-operative XXXX by epidural versus intramuscular @entity47059 after thoracotomy. Part I.

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plantar @entity1119 is a common illness with significant impact on quality of life. @entity11440 presents good short-term results, but longer follow-up results are lacking. We evaluated @entity11440 effectiveness in @entity1 who were not surgically treated and who had at least six  months of follow-up. METHODS: From September 2007 to September 2013, 85 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in our institutional protocol for the "pharmacological-first" treatment of @entity1119 with @entity11440 . Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up, 15 @entity1 have not yet been under treatment for six  months, and data were available for 39 @entity1 (all female) treated for at least six  months. Data at the start of the protocol, six  weeks after beginning treatment, and at their final visit were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three of the 77 @entity1 (29.87%) did not improve after pharmacological therapy. From the 39 @entity1 with more than six  months of follow-up (median 16.9  months, range 9-71), 79.5% reported moderate/great improvement in @entity1411 after six  weeks of treatment, and this rate increased to 84.7% in the last follow-up visit; 82.85% showed improvement in other sites presenting @entity1119 . @entity2133 was the most common side effect; 51.6% of @entity1 reported it to be moderate/severe at the last visit. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with good initial response to @entity11440 , more than 82% presented moderate or great improvement in plantar and other sites' excessive sweating; @entity2133 was the most common side effect but was tolerable and did not lead any @entity1 to interrupt treatment.

title: Long-term results of the use of @entity11440 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'Dry mouth']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['primary plantar hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxybutynin', 'oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['excessive plantar sweating']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['plantar hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plantar @entity1119 is a common illness with significant impact on quality of life. @entity11440 presents good short-term results, but longer follow-up results are lacking. We evaluated @entity11440 effectiveness in @entity1 who were not surgically treated and who had at least six  months of follow-up. METHODS: From September 2007 to September 2013, 85 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in our institutional protocol for the "pharmacological-first" treatment of @entity1119 with @entity11440 . Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up, 15 @entity1 have not yet been under treatment for six  months, and data were available for 39 @entity1 (all female) treated for at least six  months. Data at the start of the protocol, six  weeks after beginning treatment, and at their final visit were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three of the 77 @entity1 (29.87%) did not improve after pharmacological therapy. From the 39 @entity1 with more than six  months of follow-up (median 16.9  months, range 9-71), 79.5% reported moderate/great improvement in @entity1411 after six  weeks of treatment, and this rate increased to 84.7% in the last follow-up visit; 82.85% showed improvement in other sites presenting @entity1119 . @entity2133 was the most common side effect; 51.6% of @entity1 reported it to be moderate/severe at the last visit. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with good initial response to @entity11440 , more than 82% presented moderate or great improvement in plantar and other sites' excessive sweating; @entity2133 was the most common side effect but was tolerable and did not lead any @entity1 to interrupt treatment.

title: Long-term results of the use of XXXX for the treatment of @entity1119 .

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: Several studies have reported on injury of the corticoreticular pathway in @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity131 . However, little is known about injury of the corticoreticular pathway in @entity1 with @entity510 . The aim of the current study was to investigate corticoreticular pathway injury in @entity1 with @entity510 . Design: Comparative study. Subjects: Among 137 @entity1 with @entity510 , 17 @entity1 with @entity425 who showed intact integrity of the corticospinal tract were recruited. Methods: Motricity Index was used for measurement of motor function. The fractional anisotropy value, apparent diffusion coefficient value, fibre volume, and integrity of the corticoreticular pathway were used for the diffusion tensor imaging parameters. Results: Twelve (70.6%) of 17 @entity1 and 18 (52.9%) of 34 hemispheres showed a discontinuation of the corticoreticular pathway at the midbrain level. The contralateral shoulder, hip, and lower extremity of the discontinued corticoreticular pathway showed lower motor functions, in comparison with those of the contralateral side of the intact corticoreticular pathway (p   <   0.05). By contrast, the Motricity Index for distal joint, upper and total Motricity Index were not different irrespective of the state of the corticoreticular pathway (p   >   0.05). Conclusion: Corticoreticular pathway injury is common in @entity1 with @entity425 after @entity510 , and it appears to be related to @entity425 in the contralateral shoulder, hip and lower extremity.

title: Injury of the corticoreticular pathway in XXXX after rupture of a cerebral artery aneurysm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness', 'weakness']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reaching and grasping parameters with and without haptic feedback were characterized in @entity1 with @entity64 . Twelve (67    10yrs) individuals with @entity64 and arm/hand paresis (Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Arm: >=  46/66 pts) participated. Three dimensional (3D) temporal and spatial kinematics of reaching and grasping movements to 3 objects (can: cylindrical grasp; screwdriver: power grasp; pen: precision grasp) in a @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ) with and without additional haptic feedback and a 3D virtual environment (VE) with haptic feedback were recorded. @entity1 reached, grasped and transported physical and virtual objects using similar movement strategies in all conditions. Reaches made in VE were less smooth and slower compared to the @entity4270 . Arm and trunk kinematics were similar in both environments and glove conditions. For grasping, @entity64 subjects preserved aperture scaling to object size but used wider hand apertures with longer delays between times to maximal reaching velocity and maximal grasping aperture. Wearing the glove decreased reaching velocity. Our results in a small group of subjects suggest that providing haptic information in the VE did not affect the validity of reaching and grasping movement. Small disparities in movement parameters between environments may be due to differences in perception of object distance in VE. Reach-to-grasp kinematics to smaller objects may be improved by better 3D rendering. Comparable kinematics between environments and conditions is encouraging for the incorporation of high quality VEs in rehabilitation programs aimed at improving upper limb recovery.

title: Quality of Grasping and the Role of Haptics in a 3D Immersive Virtual Reality Environment in Individuals With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['physical environment', 'PE']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Breakdown of the balance between maternal pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways is thought to allow an anti-fetal maternal immune response that underlies development of @entity32 . @entity32 is manifested by the influx of maternal inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells, into the placental membranes, villi, and decidua. These infiltrates are recognized pathologically as chronic @entity5870 , @entity102 of unknown etiology, and chronic deciduitis. Each of these histological entities is associated with adverse fetal outcomes including intrauterine growth restriction and @entity600 . Studying the gene expression patterns in chronically inflamed placenta, particularly when overlapping histologies are present, may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism(s). Therefore, this study compared tissue with and without @entity32 , manifested as overlapping chronic @entity5870 , @entity102 of unknown etiology, and chronic deciduitis. RNA expression profiling was conducted on @entity406 fixed, paraffin embedded placental tissue using Illumina microarrays. @entity18123 was the most significant differentially expressed gene identified and had increased expression in the inflamed tissue. In addition, @entity67802 , @entity14638 , @entity2731 , @entity373 , @entity12448 , and @entity9707 had increased expression in the inflamed placental samples. These differentially expressed genes are associated with T follicular helper cells, natural killer cells, and B cells. Furthermore, these genes differ from those typically associated with the individual components of @entity32 , such as @entity102 , suggesting that the inflammatory infiltrate associated with overlapping chronic @entity5870 , @entity102 of unknown etiology, and chronic deciduitis differs is unique. To further explore and validate gene expression findings, we conducted immunohistochemical assessment of protein level expression and demonstrate that @entity18123 expression was largely attributable to the presence of plasma cells as part of chronic deciduitis and that IgA positive plasma cells are associated with chronic deciduitis occurring in combination with chronic @entity5870 and @entity102 of unknown etiology but not with isolated chronic deciduitis.

title: Overlap XXXX Is Associated with a Unique Gene Expression Pattern.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic placental inflammation', 'Chronic placental inflammation']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic villitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Chronic Placental Inflammation']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are widely distributed and relocated in the environment as a result of the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Many @entity2556 and their @entity21807 are highly toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic to microorganisms as well as to higher systems including @entity1 . BP is one of the most toxicologically active @entity2556 and is often used as a prototype for this entire class of contaminants. In order to select anti-BP antibodies, the conjugate of BP with BSA (BP-BSA) was used to screen na  ve combinatorial phage library of @entity1 scFvs. Seven unique scFvs against BP-BSA were selected after three rounds of selection. Analysis of the genes encoding the scFvs subdivided them to gene families and subfamilies. Homology with the closest germline ranged from 80.21% to 97.57% for heavy chains and 88.89% to 98.57% for the light chains. Four of the seven @entity10390 @entity3689 residues sequences without stop codons in frame were selected for proteomic analysis with each other. Four scFvs encoded unique non-related proteins with low-sequence identity among them. All CDRs and the boundaries in the @entity2612 formation were carried out. Two of the scFvs (T68 and T72) with the highest binding capabilities to @entity2556 were expressed in @entity526 and purified using a @entity3406 resin. The KDs of T68 to BP-BSA, @entity12684 , @entity9435 , and @entity9437 were almost similar, approximately 10(-7   )M. The KDs of T72 to @entity9437 and @entity12684 were 9.42   *   10(-8   )M and 2.63   *   10(-7   )M, respectively. The computational models of T68 and T72 active centers were different.

title: Generation and Characterization of @entity1 Single-Chain Antibodies Against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity9437 :: ('MESH:C030935', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]anthracene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are widely distributed and relocated in the environment as a result of the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Many @entity2556 and their @entity21807 are highly toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic to microorganisms as well as to higher systems including @entity1 . BP is one of the most toxicologically active @entity2556 and is often used as a prototype for this entire class of contaminants. In order to select anti-BP antibodies, the conjugate of BP with BSA (BP-BSA) was used to screen na  ve combinatorial phage library of @entity1 scFvs. Seven unique scFvs against BP-BSA were selected after three rounds of selection. Analysis of the genes encoding the scFvs subdivided them to gene families and subfamilies. Homology with the closest germline ranged from 80.21% to 97.57% for heavy chains and 88.89% to 98.57% for the light chains. Four of the seven @entity10390 @entity3689 residues sequences without stop codons in frame were selected for proteomic analysis with each other. Four scFvs encoded unique non-related proteins with low-sequence identity among them. All CDRs and the boundaries in the @entity2612 formation were carried out. Two of the scFvs (T68 and T72) with the highest binding capabilities to @entity2556 were expressed in @entity526 and purified using a @entity3406 resin. The KDs of T68 to BP-BSA, @entity12684 , @entity9435 , and @entity9437 were almost similar, approximately 10(-7   )M. The KDs of T72 to @entity9437 and @entity12684 were 9.42   *   10(-8   )M and 2.63   *   10(-7   )M, respectively. The computational models of T68 and T72 active centers were different.

title: Generation and Characterization of XXXX Single-Chain Antibodies Against @entity2555 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 underwent renal exploration with nephroscopy to localize and to treat chronic unilateral gross @entity811 . Recurrent episodes of clot colic were noted in 6 @entity1 , 1 required multiple transfusions and persistent fears of @entity5 or problems with insurability prompted several @entity1 to seek referral. All @entity1 had undergone @entity548 studies, urine culture, cytology, excretory urograms, retrograde pyelograms and selective renal angiography. These studies either were normal or failed to identify the @entity548 source. Nephroscopy was recommended after failure of conservative treatments. At operative nephroscopy, done after preliminary cytoscopy to confirm active @entity548 , the @entity548 sites were identified in all our @entity1 . Discrete @entity2695 were found in 5 @entity1 and the @entity548 could be localized to 1 calix in 7 others. Of our @entity1 12 underwent partial nephrectomy and 1 had a nephrectomy. To date there has been no recurrence of @entity548 in any of these @entity1 . Despite careful histological examination microscopic @entity2695 could be found in only 6 of our specimens. Chronic gross @entity811 can be disabling physically and emotionally. In most, if not all, such cases judicious renal exploration with nephroscopy is warranted and cure can be expected with conservative partial nephrectomy.

title: Nephroscopy in chronic unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas', 'submucosal hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: A 15-year experience with intracavitary radiation for the treatment of selected @entity150 is presented. The age range of these @entity1 was 39 to 91 years, with an average of 65 years. There were 38 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 with multiple stage A @entity150 and @entity2735 . Some @entity1 were poor risks for treatment by total extirpative surgery. A simplified technique using a 25 mg. @entity30365 capsule as a central source is described for administration of 4,000 to 5,000 rad to the surface of the bladder. Most @entity1 tolerate the presence of the radium catheter with little difficulty. No morbidity and no mortality were reported. In this series more than 60 per cent of the @entity1 benefited from the therapy, with no recurrence noted in some cases after up to 8 1/2 years of followup. Intracavitary radiation is used in few clinics. Use of this modality does not preclude or complicate the subsequent use of other conservative measures or radical therapy if required. It is an effective procedure for treatment of multiple superficial and noninvasive @entity5 , including primary or recurrent @entity2735 , that are uncontrolled by other conservative measures.

title: Update on intracavitary radiation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the scan delay for use in performing cardiac CT angiography in @entity235 . ANIMALS: 4 clinically normal adult Beagles. PROCEDURES: In a crossover study, 12 formulations of @entity6111 solutions differing in @entity1496 dose (300, 400, and 800 mg/kg) and concentration (undiluted and diluted 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 with saline [0.9% @entity4202 ] solution) were administered IV to each @entity235 . Dynamic CT angiography was performed to evaluate enhancement characteristics of each formulation, with the region of interest set over the aorta. Time-attenuation curves (TACs) were obtained and analyzed. RESULTS: Peak arc-type TACs were obtained after administration of all undiluted formulations. Curve shape changed from peak arc type to plateau type as the total volume of the contrast solution (ie, dilution) increased. Prolonged peaks characteristic of plateau-type TACs suggested that a sufficient period of homogeneous attenuation could be achieved for CT scanning with administration of higher @entity6111 dilutions (1:2 or 1:3) containing higher @entity1496 doses (400 or 800 mg/kg). In particular, attenuation values for plateau-type TACs remained between 200 and 300 Hounsfield units for > 16 seconds after the plateau endpoint was reached for 1:2 and 1:3 dilutions containing an @entity1496 dose of 800 mg/kg. Scan delays of 13 to 17 seconds were computed for those 2 formulations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that for clinically normal @entity235 , a scan delay of 13 to 17 seconds could be used to perform cardiac CT angiography with @entity6111 solutions containing an @entity1496 dose of 800 mg/kg at dilutions of 1:2 or 1:3.

title: Dynamic computed tomographic determination of scan delay for use in performing cardiac angiography in clinically normal XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Difficulties in setting healthcare priorities are encountered throughout the world. There is no agreement on the most appropriate principles or methods for healthcare rationing although there is some consensus that it should be undertaken as systematically and accountably as possible. Although some steps towards achieving accountability have been made at the macro and meso level, at the consultation level rationing remains implicit and poorly understood. Using morbid @entity28 surgery as a case study, we observed a series of UK National Health Service consultations where rationing was ongoing and conducted in-depth interviews with doctors and @entity1 (2011-2014). A longitudinal approach was taken to research and in total 22 consultations were observed and 78 interviews were undertaken. Sampling was undertaken purposively and theoretically and analyses were undertaken thematically. Clinicians needed to prioritise 55 @entity1 from 450 eligible referrals, but disagreed over the extent to which clinical and financial factors were the driving force behind decision-making. The most prominent rationing technique observed in consultations was rationing by selection, but examples of rationing by delay, by deterrence, and by deflection were also commonplace. Although all clinicians sought to avoid rationing by denial, only six of the 22 @entity1 recruited to the research were known to have been treated at the end of the three-year period. Most clinicians sought to manage rationing implicitly, and only one explained the link between decision-making criteria and financial constraints on care availability. Although existing frameworks for categorising @entity9462 rationing techniques were useful in identifying implicit strategies, in practice these techniques over-lapped substantially and we have proposed a simpler framework for analysing @entity9462 rationing decisions at the consultation level, which includes just three categories - rationing by exclusion, rationing by deterrence, and rationing by delay.

title: How clinical rationing works in practice: A case study of morbid XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIMS: Branch @entity2994 (BRVO) leads to @entity6980 and is important cause of @entity227 . Although the vascular morphological changes following experimental @entity2994 have been described in a variety of models using angiography, the underlying cellular events are ill defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We here show that laser-induced experimental BRVO in @entity19 leads to a wave of TUNEL-positive endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis in the upstream vascular network associated with a transient @entity4 and @entity548 . Subsequently, we observe an induction of EC proliferation within the dilated vein and capillaries, detected by @entity10081 incorporation, and the @entity4 resolves. However, the pericytes of the upstream capillaries are severely reduced, which was associated with continuing EC apoptosis and proliferation. The vascular remodeling was associated with increased expression of @entity641 , @entity38207 , but also @entity10245 expression. Exposure of the experimental animals to @entity519 , when pericyte (PC) dropout had occurred, led to a dramatic increase in endothelial cell proliferation, confirming the vascular instability induced by the experimental BRVO. CONCLUSION: Experimental BRVO leads to acute endothelial cells apoptosis and increased permeability. Subsequently the upstream vascular network remains destabilized, characterized by pericyte dropout, un-physiologically high endothelial cells turnover and sensitivity to @entity519 . These early changes might pave the way for @entity393 and subsequent chronic @entity63 and @entity4 that characterize the late stage disease.

title: Experimental Branch Retinal XXXX Induces Upstream Pericyte Loss and Vascular Destabilization.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['extensive vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['capillary loss']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Vein Occlusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The low anterior rectal resection and double stapling technique are well-established surgical procedures with well-known pitfalls, potential complications, and preventive measures. @entity254 is a surgical error which should not occur. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 39-year old @entity1 underwent low anterior resection with double stapling technique, for @entity189 in the City Hospital. On the fifth postoperative day she noticed passage of gas and two days later passage of feces from vagina. The surgeons who performed the operation explained to her that it is a normal condition for such modern procedure that is supervised by international educator engaged by the Government. The @entity1 lived with this condition, passage of gas and feces from the vagina and nothing from anus for three months when her oncologist referred her for a second opinion at the University Clinic for Digestive Surgery. The digital examinations revealed @entity1939 , and feces in vagina; thus having the @entity1 's history in mind, we assumed that the @entity1 had a colovaginal @entity254 . Our assumption was confirmed by two succeeding radiological examinations. Initially, water soluble contrast enema was performed to assess the colon, when a clear-cut blind rectal stump was detected. Afterwards, the vaginography revealed a copious flow of contrast material from the vagina toward the sigmoid colon. After a few days, a restorative surgery was done. DISCUSSION: Most of the early @entity260 are a result of surgical errors. CONCLUSION: We believe that there is no excuse for such a surgical error and postoperative follow-up.

title: XXXX : A totally unacceptable surgical error.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'Colovaginal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['a blind rectal stump']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Colovaginal anastomosis']


abstract: @entity2041 transferases (GST) are phase II enzymes catalyzing the detoxification of endogenous noxious compounds and xenobiotics. They also regulate phosphorylation activities of MAPKinases in a catalytic-independent manner. Previous studies have demonstrated the regulation of @entity14032 -dependent pathway by @entity71432 . Considering the crucial role of @entity14032 in the early steps of the hepatocyte cell cycle, we sought to determine whether @entity71432 were essential for hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy (PH). Using a conventional double knockout @entity19 model for the @entity71433 and @entity71434 genes, we found that the lack of @entity71433 reduced the rate of DNA replication and mitotic index during the first wave of hepatocyte proliferation. The lowered proliferation was associated with the decrease in @entity637 and @entity777 plasma concentrations, reduced hepatic @entity13765 expression and delayed and/or altered activation of @entity10433 , @entity14032 and @entity8837 signaling pathways. In addition, the expression and/or activation of cell cycle regulators such as @entity1896 , @entity11953 , @entity11319 and @entity12156 was postponed demonstrating that the absence of @entity71432 delayed the entry into and progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle and impaired the synchrony of proliferation in hepatocytes following PH. Furthermore, while @entity14032 and its downstream targets @entity9829 and @entity37362 were activated during the early steps of the liver regeneration in wild-type animals, the constitutively active @entity14032 found in the quiescent liver of @entity71432 knockout @entity19 underwent a decrease in its activity after PH. Transient induction of antioxidant enzymes and @entity842 synthase were also delayed or repressed during the regenerative response. Altogether our results demonstrate that @entity71432 are a critical regulators of hepatocyte proliferation in the initial phases of liver regeneration.

title: XXXX transferases P1/P2 regulate the timing of signaling pathway activations and cell cycle progression during @entity19 liver regeneration.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: @entity2041 transferases (GST) are phase II enzymes catalyzing the detoxification of endogenous noxious compounds and xenobiotics. They also regulate phosphorylation activities of MAPKinases in a catalytic-independent manner. Previous studies have demonstrated the regulation of @entity14032 -dependent pathway by @entity71432 . Considering the crucial role of @entity14032 in the early steps of the hepatocyte cell cycle, we sought to determine whether @entity71432 were essential for hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy (PH). Using a conventional double knockout @entity19 model for the @entity71433 and @entity71434 genes, we found that the lack of @entity71433 reduced the rate of DNA replication and mitotic index during the first wave of hepatocyte proliferation. The lowered proliferation was associated with the decrease in @entity637 and @entity777 plasma concentrations, reduced hepatic @entity13765 expression and delayed and/or altered activation of @entity10433 , @entity14032 and @entity8837 signaling pathways. In addition, the expression and/or activation of cell cycle regulators such as @entity1896 , @entity11953 , @entity11319 and @entity12156 was postponed demonstrating that the absence of @entity71432 delayed the entry into and progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle and impaired the synchrony of proliferation in hepatocytes following PH. Furthermore, while @entity14032 and its downstream targets @entity9829 and @entity37362 were activated during the early steps of the liver regeneration in wild-type animals, the constitutively active @entity14032 found in the quiescent liver of @entity71432 knockout @entity19 underwent a decrease in its activity after PH. Transient induction of antioxidant enzymes and @entity842 synthase were also delayed or repressed during the regenerative response. Altogether our results demonstrate that @entity71432 are a critical regulators of hepatocyte proliferation in the initial phases of liver regeneration.

title: @entity2041 transferases P1/P2 regulate the timing of signaling pathway activations and cell cycle progression during XXXX liver regeneration.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Multipotent stem cells have potential therapeutic roles in the treatment of @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). However, the limited access to stem cell sources restricts their clinical application. To address this issue, we established a simple in vitro epigenetic reprogramming technique in which skin fibroblasts are induced to dedifferentiate into multipotent cells. In this study, @entity1 fibroblasts were isolated from circumcised adult foreskin and were reprogrammed by co-culture for 72 h with fish oocyte extract (FOE) in serum-free medium. The cells were then observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation assays. Then FOE-treated @entity1 fibroblasts were transplanted by tail vein injection into irradiated mdx @entity19 , an animal model of @entity1555 . Two months after injection, the therapeutic effects of FOE-treated fibroblasts on mdx skeletal muscle were evaluated by serum @entity908 kinase (CK) activity measurements and by immunostaining and RT-PCR of @entity1 @entity4714 expression. The results indicated that the reprogrammed fibroblasts expressed higher levels of the pluripotent antigen markers SSEA-4, @entity2440 and @entity4729 , and were able to differentiate in vitro into adipogenic cells, osteoblastic cells, and myotube-like cells. Tail vein injection of FOE-treated fibroblasts into irradiated mdx @entity19 slightly reduced serum CK activity and the percentage of centrally nucleated myofibers two months after cell transplantation. Furthermore, we confirmed @entity1 @entity4714 protein and mRNA expression in mdx @entity19 skeletal muscle. These data demonstrated that FOE-treated fibroblasts were multipotent and could integrate into mdx @entity19 myofibers through the vasculature.

title: In vitro and in vivo analysis of XXXX fibroblast reprogramming and multipotency.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: How to properly manage neuroendocrine liver @entity3 (NELM) remains debatable, and only limited clinical data have been published from Asian population. The objective of this study is to identify possible prognostic factors affecting overall survival time and to provide a guideline for future clinical practice.A retrospective study was performed on 1286 @entity1 who had @entity5 in our specialized center, and data from 130 @entity1 who had NELM were summarized. Demographic and clinicopathologic data, @entity5 grade, treatment method, and prognosis were statistically analyzed.Most of the NELMs originated from pancreas (65.4%). Important prognostic factors that included @entity5 location and size were identified with multivariate analysis. @entity1 with either @entity5 resection or liver @entity3 resection showed a 5-year survival of 35.7% or 33.3%, respectively, whereas resection of both resulted in a 50% 5-year survival. More importantly, resection was performed on 7 @entity1 with grade 3 (G3) @entity5 , and resulted in 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival of 100%, 42.8%, and 28.6%, respectively, whereas the other 9 G3 @entity1 without resection died within 3 years. P=0.49 comparing the resected group with nonresected group in G3 @entity1 . Besides, the overall 5-year survival rates for resected and nonresected @entity1 were 40.5% and 5.4%, respectively.Multiple prognostic factors influenced the overall outcome of NELM including @entity1 age, @entity5 location, and size, etc. Aggressive surgical approaches could be considered for maximum survival time disregarding the pathological grade of the @entity5 . Study with larger sample size should be considered to reevaluate the recommendation of the WHO guidelines for G3 @entity5 .

title: Surgical Resection Improves the Outcome of the XXXX With Neuroendocrine Tumor Liver Metastases: Large Data From Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: 1. @entity973 ( @entity974 ) and @entity5128 ions ( @entity1041 ), which block voltage-dependent @entity972 channels in other nerve membranes, have been used to study nerve conduction in fibres of normal @entity35 spinal roots and those demyelinated with @entity7394 toxin. The pharmacological actions have been compared with those of temperature. 2. Both @entity1041 and @entity974 increased the amplitude and duration of the monophasically recorded compound action potentials of non-myelinated fibres in normal @entity35 dorsal roots. Enhancement of the action potential amplitude by @entity974 was maximal near 1 mM, and was not readily reversed by washing. At concentrations up to 50 mM the action of @entity1041 was weaker and reversible. 3. In normal dorsal and ventral roots @entity1041 (20 mM) and @entity974 (5 mM) had only a mildly depressant action on the compound action potentials of myelinated fibres. Whereas the slight reduction in peak amplitude and increase in width was also found in a single fibres treated with @entity1041 , none was discerned in single fibres exposed to @entity974 over a wide temperature range. 4. It is concluded that voltage-dependent @entity972 channels occur in significant numbers in @entity1 non-myelinated fibres, but not at nodes of Ranvier. 5. Spinal roots previously treated with @entity7394 toxin to cause @entity17 were studied by longitudinal current analysis. Fibres affected by @entity7394 toxin had a late phase of outward current, either restricted to nodes or, in the case of continuous conduction, distributed along internodes, and this outward current was specifically blocked by @entity974 . 6. Both @entity974 and @entity1041 increased the temperature at which conduction block occurred in most single demyelinated fibres, so that in some cases fibres blocked at physiological temperatures were enabled to conduct. @entity974 was more potent than @entity1041 , but less consistent in its effect. 7. It is concluded that @entity972 channels are present at widened nodes and in internodal axolemma exposed by @entity17 . Their presence enables @entity1041 and @entity974 to overcome conduction block in some @entity17 .

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity5128 ions on normal and demyelinated @entity1 nerve fibres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'demyelinated nerve fibres']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Aminopyridine']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: 1. @entity973 ( @entity974 ) and @entity5128 ions ( @entity1041 ), which block voltage-dependent @entity972 channels in other nerve membranes, have been used to study nerve conduction in fibres of normal @entity35 spinal roots and those demyelinated with @entity7394 toxin. The pharmacological actions have been compared with those of temperature. 2. Both @entity1041 and @entity974 increased the amplitude and duration of the monophasically recorded compound action potentials of non-myelinated fibres in normal @entity35 dorsal roots. Enhancement of the action potential amplitude by @entity974 was maximal near 1 mM, and was not readily reversed by washing. At concentrations up to 50 mM the action of @entity1041 was weaker and reversible. 3. In normal dorsal and ventral roots @entity1041 (20 mM) and @entity974 (5 mM) had only a mildly depressant action on the compound action potentials of myelinated fibres. Whereas the slight reduction in peak amplitude and increase in width was also found in a single fibres treated with @entity1041 , none was discerned in single fibres exposed to @entity974 over a wide temperature range. 4. It is concluded that voltage-dependent @entity972 channels occur in significant numbers in @entity1 non-myelinated fibres, but not at nodes of Ranvier. 5. Spinal roots previously treated with @entity7394 toxin to cause @entity17 were studied by longitudinal current analysis. Fibres affected by @entity7394 toxin had a late phase of outward current, either restricted to nodes or, in the case of continuous conduction, distributed along internodes, and this outward current was specifically blocked by @entity974 . 6. Both @entity974 and @entity1041 increased the temperature at which conduction block occurred in most single demyelinated fibres, so that in some cases fibres blocked at physiological temperatures were enabled to conduct. @entity974 was more potent than @entity1041 , but less consistent in its effect. 7. It is concluded that @entity972 channels are present at widened nodes and in internodal axolemma exposed by @entity17 . Their presence enables @entity1041 and @entity974 to overcome conduction block in some @entity17 .

title: The effects of @entity973 and XXXX ions on normal and demyelinated @entity1 nerve fibres.

answer: @entity5128 :: (MESH:D019789,Chemical) :: ['tetraethylammonium']