abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs) may be a sign of unmet need for dental care. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases codes (ICD-10-CA) for @entity341 visits for NTDC. METHODS: @entity341 visits in 2008-2099 at one hospital in Toronto were identified if the discharge diagnosis in the administrative database system was an ICD-10-CA code for a NTDC (K00-K14). A random sample of 100 visits was selected, and the medical records for these visits were reviewed by a dentist. The description of the clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated, and a diagnosis was assigned. This diagnosis was compared with the diagnosis assigned by the physician and the code assigned to the visit. RESULTS: The 100 @entity341 visits reviewed were associated with 16 different ICD-10-CA codes for NTDC. Only 2 percent of these visits were clearly caused by @entity130 . The code K0887 (toothache) was the most frequent diagnostic code (31 percent). We found 43.3 percent disagreement on the discharge diagnosis reported by the physician, and 58.0 percent disagreement on the code in the administrative database assigned by the abstractor, compared with what it was suggested by the dentist reviewing the chart. CONCLUSION: There are substantial discrepancies between the ICD-10-CA diagnosis assigned in administrative databases and the diagnosis assigned by a dentist reviewing the chart retrospectively. However, ICD-10-CA codes can be used to accurately identify @entity341 visits for NTDC.

title: The accuracy of International Classification of Diseases coding for dental problems not associated with XXXX in a hospital emergency department.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15133 ( @entity15134 ) occurs abundantly in a variety of ecosystems, including ecosystems that place the bacterium under stress. This study assessed the adaptability of @entity15134 by submitting it to nutritional and pH stresses and then analyzing protein expression using bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and Maldi mass spectrometry. RESULTS: @entity15133 grew best in pH neutral, nutrient-rich medium (reference conditions); however, the total protein mass recovered from stressed bacteria cultures was always higher than the total protein mass recovered from our reference culture. The diversity of proteins expressed (repressed by the number of identifiable 2-DE spots) was seen to be highest in the reference cultures, suggesting that stress reduces the overall range of proteins expressed by @entity15134 . Database comparisons allowed 43 of the 55 spots subjected to Maldi mass spectrometry to be characterized as containing a single identifiable protein. Stress-related expression changes were noted for @entity15134 proteins related to the previously characterized bacterial proteins: DnaK, GroEL-2, Rhs, EF-Tu, EF-P; MCP, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, @entity369 deiminase and the @entity855 synthase b-subunit protein as well as for the ribosomal protein subunits L1, L3, L5 and L6. The ability of @entity15134 to adapt its cellular mechanics to sub-optimal growth and protein production conditions was well illustrated by its regulation of ribosomal protein subunits. With the exception of the ribosomal subunit L3, which plays a role in protein folding and maybe therefore be more useful in stressful conditions, all the other @entity1131 were seen to have reduced expression in stressed cultures. Curiously, C. violeaceum cultures were also observed to lose their violet color under stress, which suggests that the @entity15135 pigment biosynthetic pathway is affected by stress. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the proteomic signatures of stressed @entity15134 indicates that nutrient-starvation and pH stress can cause changes in the expression of the @entity15134 receptors, transporters, and proteins involved with biosynthetic pathways, molecule recycling, energy production. Our findings complement the recent publication of the C. violeaceum genome sequence and could help with the future commercial exploitation of C. violeaceum.

title: Proteomic analysis of XXXX and its adaptability to stress.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['ribosomal subunit proteins']

entities_list: @entity15135 :: ('MESH:C063155', 'Chemical') :: ['violacein']

entities_list: @entity15133 :: ('536', 'Species') :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity15133 :: (536,Species) :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum']


abstract: AIMS: To describe results after neoadjuvant proton beam irradiation followed by transscleral resection of large @entity2184 . METHODS: Retrospective interventional case series, including 106 consecutive @entity1 . @entity5 control, enucleation and @entity3 development were assessed with survival curves. Predictors of local recurrence and @entity3 were investigated with log-rank testing. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 3.2   years. Local recurrence occurred in five cases with an estimated risk of 4.2% and 10.4% at 3 and 5   years after treatment, respectively. Enucleation was performed in 10 cases with an estimated risk of 9.2% and 18.4% at 3 and 5   years, respectively. Significant risk factors for local recurrence were not evident. @entity3 was estimated to occur in 28.4% at 3   years and 40.3% at 5   years, correlating with @entity1 's age only (p=0.01). Seventy four @entity1 (69.8%) underwent vitreoretinal surgery for complications after @entity5 resection. Median visual acuity (VA) was 20/50 at diagnosis and 20/400 in the third year after treatment. VA preservation of 20/200 or better was achieved in 33 @entity1 (31.1%). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant proton beam irradiation may help to prevent local recurrence after transscleral resection. Additional vitreoretinal surgery was frequently needed in the presented series. The majority of @entity1 avoided enucleation and functional @entity1939 .

title: Neoadjuvant proton beam irradiation followed by transscleral resection of XXXX in 106 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Local tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 8-year-old Chinese @entity1 with generalized @entity1569 (GPP) refractory to @entity205 and @entity1667 was treated successfully with two infusions of infliximab 3.3 mg/kg. He remained in remission for 21 months. Direct sequencing of @entity34693 gene showed a homozygous mutation, @entity71442 . Juvenile GPP is a rare severe form of @entity1569 occasionally associated with life-threatening complications. Like acitretin, @entity205 and @entity1499 , infliximab has been reported to be effective for juvenile GPP in case reports. However, there is a lack of data in the optimal treatment course of infliximab for juvenile GPP. Prolonged administration of these medications may cause @entity66 . We suggest that short-term infliximab regimen should be recommended as a choice for acute juvenile GPP refractory to traditional systemic therapies. WBC count and CRP are sensitive parameters to reflect the disease activity and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Monitoring @entity404 T lymphocyte count, preventing and correcting @entity404 @entity2905 are important in the treatment course of juvenile GPP.

title: Juvenile generalized XXXX with @entity34693 mutation treated with short-term infliximab.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'pustular psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['toxic or fatal complications']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['pustular psoriasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 8-year-old Chinese @entity1 with generalized @entity1569 (GPP) refractory to @entity205 and @entity1667 was treated successfully with two infusions of infliximab 3.3 mg/kg. He remained in remission for 21 months. Direct sequencing of @entity34693 gene showed a homozygous mutation, @entity71442 . Juvenile GPP is a rare severe form of @entity1569 occasionally associated with life-threatening complications. Like acitretin, @entity205 and @entity1499 , infliximab has been reported to be effective for juvenile GPP in case reports. However, there is a lack of data in the optimal treatment course of infliximab for juvenile GPP. Prolonged administration of these medications may cause @entity66 . We suggest that short-term infliximab regimen should be recommended as a choice for acute juvenile GPP refractory to traditional systemic therapies. WBC count and CRP are sensitive parameters to reflect the disease activity and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Monitoring @entity404 T lymphocyte count, preventing and correcting @entity404 @entity2905 are important in the treatment course of juvenile GPP.

title: Juvenile generalized @entity1569 with XXXX mutation treated with short-term infliximab.

answer: @entity34693 :: (26525,Gene) :: ['IL36RN']


abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION: This paper reviews the importance of AM symbiosis in alleviating plant stress under unfavourable environmental conditions, making emphasis on the role of @entity30861 . A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate this beneficial association will increase its potential use as an innovative and sustainable strategy in modern agriculture. Plants are very dynamic systems with a great capacity for adaptation to a constantly changing environment. This phenotypic plasticity is particularly advantageous in areas damaged or subjected to intensive agriculture. Nowadays, global crop production systems are intensifying the impact on natural resources, such as water availability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find more sustainable alternatives. One of the plant strategies to improve phenotypic plasticity is to establish mutualistic beneficial associations with soil microorganisms, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The establishment of AM symbiosis requires a complex network of interconnected signalling pathways, in which phytohormones play a key role. @entity30861 ( @entity214 ) are plant hormones acting as modulators of the coordinated development under nutrient shortage. @entity214 also act as host detection signals for AM fungi, favouring symbiosis establishment. In this review, current knowledge on the effect of water-related stresses, such as drought and salinity, in AM symbiosis and in SL production is discussed. Likewise, how the symbiosis helps the host plant to alleviate stress symptoms is also reviewed. Finally, we highlight how interactions between hormonal signalling pathways modulate all these responses, especially in the cross-talk between @entity214 and @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ). Understanding the intricate mechanisms that regulate the establishment of AM symbiosis and the plant responses under unfavourable conditions will contribute to implement the use of AM fungi as bioprotective agents against these stresses.

title: How drought and salinity affect arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and XXXX biosynthesis?

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity30861 :: ('CHEBI:68487', 'Chemical') :: ['Strigolactones', 'strigolactones']

answer: @entity30861 :: (CHEBI:68487,Chemical) :: ['strigolactone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Distal coil or stent migration is a rare, but potentially morbid complication of @entity438 . At present, there is no established standard of surgical evacuation of displaced material-in particular, there is no consensus on the optimum time for such intervention. The authors report their positive experiences with an ultra-early surgical evacuation of 2 migrated coils and a flow-diverter stent. METHODS Uncontrolled coil or stent migration occurred in 3 (0.75%) of approximately 400 @entity1 treated between 1999 and 2012 in the authors' institution. In all 3 cases, the materials moved from their intended position to the @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Surgical evacuation was started immediately (within half an hour) after a futile attempt of removing them via intraarterial route, under the same anesthesia and with no active reversal of heparinization. RESULTS No excessive @entity548 was observed. Displaced coils were extracted through an incision of a branch of @entity2500 -the anterior temporal artery, the stent was removed through a direct incision of @entity2500 . Recombinant @entity1456 (rtPA) was injected to the stem of the internal carotid artery toward the end of the procedure, with no discernible adverse effects. Two @entity1 were discharged with no deficit (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] Score 5); the other @entity1 was conscious with mild @entity1269 (GOS Score 4) at discharge. CONCLUSIONS The experiences of these 3 cases suggest that immediate removal of a migrated stent/coil is feasible and may be effective. Indirect access to the @entity2500 through its branch helps to shorten the time of temporary clipping of the artery to a minimum. Maintaining active heparinization and direct intraarterial injection of rtPA are helpful in promoting blood flow in the @entity2500 .

title: Early surgical removal of migrated coil/stent after failed embolization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm embolization']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is common knowledge that an increase of intra-abdomninal pressure ( @entity3813 ) causes a decrease in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the lumbar and lower thoracic region, which may contribute to the development of more high spinal block. There is currently no research devoted to studying the impact of intra-abdominal pressure in pregnancy on the development of high spinal blockade. GOAL OF THE STUDY: To investigate effects of intra-abdominal pressure in pregnancy on the development of spinal blockade and incidence of @entity551 during cesarean section. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 170 pregnant @entity1 with gestational age 38-40 weeks were included in the randomized, blinded, controlled study. All the @entity1 received elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia (SA). Pregnant @entity1 w ,ere divided into two groups of 85 females each. In the first group, the anesthesiologist did not know the value of @entity3813 and used the dose of local anesthetic focusing on height, weight, and according to his own experience. In the second group, an anesthesiologist corrected dose of local anesthetic depending on the @entity3813 and also considered the height and weight of a @entity1 . RESULTS: In 9.2% of @entity1 , @entity3813 was less than 11 mmHg (physiologically normal), in 49%--from 12 to 15 mmHg (degree I of @entity8479 ( @entity8479 )), in 40.3%--from 16 to 20 mmHg (degree II of @entity8479 ), in 1.5%--from 21 to 25 mmHg (degree III of @entity8479 ). In the first group, the incidence of high spinal block (above Th4) and incidence of @entity551 (systolic blood pressure under 90 mm.Hg) was two times higher than in the second group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8479 in pregnant @entity1 contributed to the development of high spinal block and @entity551 . To prevent these complications, we recommend decreasing the dose of local anesthetic with use of the Scale of the Risk of developing high spinal block in pregnant.

title: [Effecting of intra-abdominal pressure in parturient on level of spina block and frequency of XXXX during cesarean section].

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hypertension', 'Intra-abdominal hypertension', 'IAH']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'arterial hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An elevated risk of radiation-induced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been observed in @entity263 @entity1 after radiotherapy (RT), rising to as high as one in 70 @entity1 with more than 10 years follow-up. In this study we have estimated @entity5 risks following RT with both previous and contemporary techniques, including proton therapy, using risk models based on different dose-response relationships. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RT plans treating the prostate and seminal vesicles with either conformal radiotherapy (CRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) were created for 10 @entity1 . The risks of radiation-induced @entity5 were estimated for the bladder and rectum using dose-response models reflecting varying degrees of cell sterilisation: a linear model, @entity3628 and a bell-shaped model also accounting for fractionated RT. RESULTS: The choice of risk models was found to rank the plans quite differently, with the CRT plans having the lowest @entity5 risk using the bell-shaped model, while resulting in the highest risk applying the linear model. Considering all dose-response scenarios, median relative risks of VMAT versus IMPT were 1.1-1.7 for the bladder and 0.9-1.8 for the rectum. Risks of radiation-induced @entity150 were lower from VMAT if exposed at 80 years versus IMPT if exposed at 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 risk estimations for the bladder and rectum revealed no clear relative relationship between the contemporary techniques and CRT, with divergent results depending on choice of model. However, the @entity5 risks for these organs when using IMPT were lower or comparable to VMAT. @entity5 risks could be assessed when considering referral of @entity263 @entity1 to proton therapy, taking also general @entity1 characteristics, such as age, into account.

title: Risk of radiation-induced secondary rectal and XXXX following radiotherapy of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary cancer', 'cancer', 'SC']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['a linear-plateau model']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder and rectal cancers']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An elevated risk of radiation-induced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been observed in @entity263 @entity1 after radiotherapy (RT), rising to as high as one in 70 @entity1 with more than 10 years follow-up. In this study we have estimated @entity5 risks following RT with both previous and contemporary techniques, including proton therapy, using risk models based on different dose-response relationships. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RT plans treating the prostate and seminal vesicles with either conformal radiotherapy (CRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) were created for 10 @entity1 . The risks of radiation-induced @entity5 were estimated for the bladder and rectum using dose-response models reflecting varying degrees of cell sterilisation: a linear model, @entity3628 and a bell-shaped model also accounting for fractionated RT. RESULTS: The choice of risk models was found to rank the plans quite differently, with the CRT plans having the lowest @entity5 risk using the bell-shaped model, while resulting in the highest risk applying the linear model. Considering all dose-response scenarios, median relative risks of VMAT versus IMPT were 1.1-1.7 for the bladder and 0.9-1.8 for the rectum. Risks of radiation-induced @entity150 were lower from VMAT if exposed at 80 years versus IMPT if exposed at 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 risk estimations for the bladder and rectum revealed no clear relative relationship between the contemporary techniques and CRT, with divergent results depending on choice of model. However, the @entity5 risks for these organs when using IMPT were lower or comparable to VMAT. @entity5 risks could be assessed when considering referral of @entity263 @entity1 to proton therapy, taking also general @entity1 characteristics, such as age, into account.

title: Risk of radiation-induced secondary rectal and @entity150 following radiotherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common @entity943 and an independent risk factor for @entity64 among the elderly. A role for @entity32 in the atrial remodeling as well as development and recurrence of @entity955 is known. OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity4155 between @entity1 with different types of @entity955 and healthy individuals. METHODS: @entity4155 was measured in sera of 112 @entity1 and 107 healthy age/sex-matched controls using ELISA assay. In sera of 26 @entity1 with elevated @entity4155 (>1 Pg/ml), @entity5737 and @entity11602 levels were also measured. RESULTS: @entity4155 was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity955 compared to controls (1.28    3.5 vs. 0.19    0.64 Pg/ml, p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of @entity4155 between different types of @entity955 . @entity4155 was significantly higher in @entity1 with a history of coronary artery bypass graft compared to other @entity1 (p=0.01). A significant positive correlation between @entity4155 and @entity11602 concentration was found (p=0.001). An increase in the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was observed in @entity1 with elevated serum @entity4155 compared to other @entity1 (p=0.006). Male @entity1 showed higher increase in NLR (p=0.007) which was accompanied by a decrease in @entity5737 (p=0.000) and a marginal increase in @entity11602 (p=0.085) compared to females. There was an increase in @entity5737 levels in @entity1 receiving @entity117 (ASA) therapy (p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in @entity4155 levels is related to the @entity955 pathology mediated by neutrophils and monocytes. The current study signifies the role of immune cells and cytokines in the pathology of @entity955 .

title: Increased @entity4155 in XXXX Correlates with Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic Acid']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common @entity943 and an independent risk factor for @entity64 among the elderly. A role for @entity32 in the atrial remodeling as well as development and recurrence of @entity955 is known. OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity4155 between @entity1 with different types of @entity955 and healthy individuals. METHODS: @entity4155 was measured in sera of 112 @entity1 and 107 healthy age/sex-matched controls using ELISA assay. In sera of 26 @entity1 with elevated @entity4155 (>1 Pg/ml), @entity5737 and @entity11602 levels were also measured. RESULTS: @entity4155 was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity955 compared to controls (1.28    3.5 vs. 0.19    0.64 Pg/ml, p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of @entity4155 between different types of @entity955 . @entity4155 was significantly higher in @entity1 with a history of coronary artery bypass graft compared to other @entity1 (p=0.01). A significant positive correlation between @entity4155 and @entity11602 concentration was found (p=0.001). An increase in the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was observed in @entity1 with elevated serum @entity4155 compared to other @entity1 (p=0.006). Male @entity1 showed higher increase in NLR (p=0.007) which was accompanied by a decrease in @entity5737 (p=0.000) and a marginal increase in @entity11602 (p=0.085) compared to females. There was an increase in @entity5737 levels in @entity1 receiving @entity117 (ASA) therapy (p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in @entity4155 levels is related to the @entity955 pathology mediated by neutrophils and monocytes. The current study signifies the role of immune cells and cytokines in the pathology of @entity955 .

title: Increased XXXX in @entity955 Correlates with Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio.

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17A']


abstract: An open, multicentre study was carried out in 103 @entity1 with confirmed dermatophyte infections ( @entity4013 or @entity4013 ). The fungi isolated were Tr. rubrum (45), Tr. mentagrophytes (11), Ep. floccosum (26) and @entity14476 (21). All @entity1 were treated with a single daily application of @entity8321 (1% gel) and the duration of treatment was 3 weeks. Weekly clinical controls were performed during the therapeutic period and at least two clinical and mycological examinations were given after the end of treatment. Treatment was evaluated according to the clinical and mycological findings at the 14th post-therapeutic day. The results obtained were classified as very good in 80 @entity1 , good in 11, moderate in 11 and failure in 1 @entity1 . Local tolerance was very good and no side-effects were observed in any @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity4013 or @entity4013 with XXXX 1% gel: an open, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity8321 :: ('MESH:C036596', 'Chemical') :: ['bifonazole']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['tinea cruris', 'tinea corporis']

answer: @entity8321 :: (MESH:C036596,Chemical) :: ['bifonazole']


abstract: An open, multicentre study was carried out in 103 @entity1 with confirmed dermatophyte infections ( @entity4013 or @entity4013 ). The fungi isolated were Tr. rubrum (45), Tr. mentagrophytes (11), Ep. floccosum (26) and @entity14476 (21). All @entity1 were treated with a single daily application of @entity8321 (1% gel) and the duration of treatment was 3 weeks. Weekly clinical controls were performed during the therapeutic period and at least two clinical and mycological examinations were given after the end of treatment. Treatment was evaluated according to the clinical and mycological findings at the 14th post-therapeutic day. The results obtained were classified as very good in 80 @entity1 , good in 11, moderate in 11 and failure in 1 @entity1 . Local tolerance was very good and no side-effects were observed in any @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX or @entity4013 with @entity8321 1% gel: an open, multicentre study.

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea corporis']


abstract: An open, multicentre study was carried out in 103 @entity1 with confirmed dermatophyte infections ( @entity4013 or @entity4013 ). The fungi isolated were Tr. rubrum (45), Tr. mentagrophytes (11), Ep. floccosum (26) and @entity14476 (21). All @entity1 were treated with a single daily application of @entity8321 (1% gel) and the duration of treatment was 3 weeks. Weekly clinical controls were performed during the therapeutic period and at least two clinical and mycological examinations were given after the end of treatment. Treatment was evaluated according to the clinical and mycological findings at the 14th post-therapeutic day. The results obtained were classified as very good in 80 @entity1 , good in 11, moderate in 11 and failure in 1 @entity1 . Local tolerance was very good and no side-effects were observed in any @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity4013 or XXXX with @entity8321 1% gel: an open, multicentre study.

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea cruris']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: During the transition to adulthood, youths face challenges that may limit their likelihood of obtaining services for @entity146 problems. The goal of this analysis was to estimate changes in rates of service use and untreated @entity146 during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Methods: In a prospective, population-based study, @entity1 were assessed up to four times in adolescence (ages 13-16; 3,983 observations of 1,297 @entity1 , 1993-2000) and three times in young adulthood (ages 19, 21, and 24-26; 3,215 observations of 1,273 @entity1 , 1999-2010). Structured diagnostic interviews were used to assess service need ( @entity1 meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for a @entity146 ) and use of behavioral services in 21 service settings in the past three months. Results: During young adulthood, 28.9% of cases of @entity146 were associated with some treatment, compared with a rate of 50.9% for the same @entity1 during adolescence. This decrease included a near-complete drop in use of educational and vocational services as well as declines in use of specialty behavioral services. Young adults most frequently accessed services in specialty behavioral or general medical settings. Males, African Americans, @entity1 with @entity734 , and @entity1 living independently were least likely to get treatment. For cases of @entity146 among young adults, insurance and poverty status were unrelated to likelihood of service use. Conclusions: Young adults were much less likely to receive treatment for @entity146 problems than they were as adolescents. Public policy must address gaps in service use during the transition to adulthood.

title: Increase in Untreated Cases of XXXX During the Transition to Adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Psychiatric Disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary @entity14162 is a relatively rare disease in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen, nonetheless it is an entity that should not be ignored by physicians and surgeons in order to prevent unnecessary interventions and overuse of antibiotics. To substantiate this concept a search was conducted at the Hospital Aleman, Buenos Aires between April 2007 and July 2013. The aim was clinical histories containing sonographic and tomographic images with diagnosis of @entity3314 ; and subsequently their electronic medical records were reviewed. The clinical features and outcome of a case series of 73 primary @entity3314 were selected; the mean age was 45 years (   16); 54 (74%) were @entity1 . @entity490 (left lower quadrant in 89% of cases) was the most common symptom. Abdominal ultrasound was performed on 44 (60%) of @entity1 , computed tomography on 21 (29%), and both studies on 8 (11%) of cases in this series. In 49% of cases surgery consultation was requested. Fifteen @entity1 (21%) were treated with antibiotics, 73% of them were prescribed by a clinician. Sixty seven @entity1 (92%) were treated as outpatients with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); two required laparoscopic surgery, two required hospitalization and two others were treated with opioids. Epiploic apendagitis is uncommon in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen, but is an entity that should not be ignored by physicians to prevent unnecessary interventions and overuse of antibiotics.

title: Primary XXXX : clinical features in 73 cases.

entities_list: @entity3314 :: ('MESH:D015436', 'Disease') :: ['omental appendagitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14162 :: ('MESH:D018280', 'Disease') :: ['epiploic appendagitis']

answer: @entity14162 :: (MESH:D018280,Disease) :: ['epiploic appendagitis']


abstract: The presence of @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) or @entity5 -initiating cells can lead to @entity5 recurrence in a permissive cell-microenvironment interplay, promoting @entity463 ( @entity463 ) and @entity521 ( @entity521 ). Extracellular matrix (ECM) small @entity368 -rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) play multiple roles in tissue homeostasis by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and modulating intracellular signaling pathways. Due to their pan-inhibitory properties against receptor @entity4149 kinases (RTKs), SLRPs are reported to exert anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, their roles seem to be tissue-specific and they are also involved in @entity5 cell migration and drug resistance, paving the way to complex different scenarios. The aim of this study was to determine whether the SLRPs decorin (DCN) and lumican ( @entity30080 ) are recruited in cell plasticity and microenvironmental adaptation of differentiated @entity5 cells induced towards stem-like phenotype. Floating neurospheres were generated by applying CSC enrichment medium (neural stem cell serum-free medium, NSC SFM) to the established SF-268 and SK-N-SH @entity5 cell lines, cellular models of @entity463 and @entity521 , respectively. In both models, the time-dependent synergistic activation of DCN and @entity30080 was observed. The highest DCN and @entity30080 mRNA/protein expression was detected after cell exposure to NSC SFM for 8/12 days, considering these cells as SLRP-expressing (SLRP+) CSC-like. Ultrastructural imaging showed the cellular heterogeneity of both the @entity463 and @entity521 neurospheres and identified the inner living cells. Parental cell lines of both @entity463 and @entity521 grew only in soft agar + NSC SFM, whereas the secondary neurospheres (originated from SLRP+ t8 CSC-like) showed lower proliferation rates than primary neurospheres. Interestingly, the SLRP+ CSC-like from the @entity463 and @entity521 neurospheres were resistant to @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) at concentrations >750  M. Our results suggest that @entity463 and @entity521 CSC-like promote the activation of huge quantities of SLRP in response to CSC enrichment, simultaneously acquiring @entity2904 resistance, cellular heterogeneity, and a quiescent phenotype, suggesting a novel pivotal role for SLRP in drug resistance and cell plasticity of CSC-like, allowing cell survival and ECM/niche modulation potential.

title: Microenvironmental Modulation of Decorin and Lumican in @entity2903 -Resistant XXXX and @entity5 Stem-Like Cells.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'invasion in glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: The presence of @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) or @entity5 -initiating cells can lead to @entity5 recurrence in a permissive cell-microenvironment interplay, promoting @entity463 ( @entity463 ) and @entity521 ( @entity521 ). Extracellular matrix (ECM) small @entity368 -rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) play multiple roles in tissue homeostasis by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and modulating intracellular signaling pathways. Due to their pan-inhibitory properties against receptor @entity4149 kinases (RTKs), SLRPs are reported to exert anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, their roles seem to be tissue-specific and they are also involved in @entity5 cell migration and drug resistance, paving the way to complex different scenarios. The aim of this study was to determine whether the SLRPs decorin (DCN) and lumican ( @entity30080 ) are recruited in cell plasticity and microenvironmental adaptation of differentiated @entity5 cells induced towards stem-like phenotype. Floating neurospheres were generated by applying CSC enrichment medium (neural stem cell serum-free medium, NSC SFM) to the established SF-268 and SK-N-SH @entity5 cell lines, cellular models of @entity463 and @entity521 , respectively. In both models, the time-dependent synergistic activation of DCN and @entity30080 was observed. The highest DCN and @entity30080 mRNA/protein expression was detected after cell exposure to NSC SFM for 8/12 days, considering these cells as SLRP-expressing (SLRP+) CSC-like. Ultrastructural imaging showed the cellular heterogeneity of both the @entity463 and @entity521 neurospheres and identified the inner living cells. Parental cell lines of both @entity463 and @entity521 grew only in soft agar + NSC SFM, whereas the secondary neurospheres (originated from SLRP+ t8 CSC-like) showed lower proliferation rates than primary neurospheres. Interestingly, the SLRP+ CSC-like from the @entity463 and @entity521 neurospheres were resistant to @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) at concentrations >750  M. Our results suggest that @entity463 and @entity521 CSC-like promote the activation of huge quantities of SLRP in response to CSC enrichment, simultaneously acquiring @entity2904 resistance, cellular heterogeneity, and a quiescent phenotype, suggesting a novel pivotal role for SLRP in drug resistance and cell plasticity of CSC-like, allowing cell survival and ECM/niche modulation potential.

title: Microenvironmental Modulation of Decorin and Lumican in XXXX -Resistant @entity463 and @entity5 Stem-Like Cells.

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: The presence of @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) or @entity5 -initiating cells can lead to @entity5 recurrence in a permissive cell-microenvironment interplay, promoting @entity463 ( @entity463 ) and @entity521 ( @entity521 ). Extracellular matrix (ECM) small @entity368 -rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) play multiple roles in tissue homeostasis by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and modulating intracellular signaling pathways. Due to their pan-inhibitory properties against receptor @entity4149 kinases (RTKs), SLRPs are reported to exert anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, their roles seem to be tissue-specific and they are also involved in @entity5 cell migration and drug resistance, paving the way to complex different scenarios. The aim of this study was to determine whether the SLRPs decorin (DCN) and lumican ( @entity30080 ) are recruited in cell plasticity and microenvironmental adaptation of differentiated @entity5 cells induced towards stem-like phenotype. Floating neurospheres were generated by applying CSC enrichment medium (neural stem cell serum-free medium, NSC SFM) to the established SF-268 and SK-N-SH @entity5 cell lines, cellular models of @entity463 and @entity521 , respectively. In both models, the time-dependent synergistic activation of DCN and @entity30080 was observed. The highest DCN and @entity30080 mRNA/protein expression was detected after cell exposure to NSC SFM for 8/12 days, considering these cells as SLRP-expressing (SLRP+) CSC-like. Ultrastructural imaging showed the cellular heterogeneity of both the @entity463 and @entity521 neurospheres and identified the inner living cells. Parental cell lines of both @entity463 and @entity521 grew only in soft agar + NSC SFM, whereas the secondary neurospheres (originated from SLRP+ t8 CSC-like) showed lower proliferation rates than primary neurospheres. Interestingly, the SLRP+ CSC-like from the @entity463 and @entity521 neurospheres were resistant to @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) at concentrations >750  M. Our results suggest that @entity463 and @entity521 CSC-like promote the activation of huge quantities of SLRP in response to CSC enrichment, simultaneously acquiring @entity2904 resistance, cellular heterogeneity, and a quiescent phenotype, suggesting a novel pivotal role for SLRP in drug resistance and cell plasticity of CSC-like, allowing cell survival and ECM/niche modulation potential.

title: Microenvironmental Modulation of Decorin and Lumican in @entity2903 -Resistant @entity463 and XXXX Stem-Like Cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma Cancer']


abstract: In recent years, a significant amount of research has examined the controversial role of activin A in @entity5 . Activin A, a member of the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) superfamily, is best characterized for its function during embryogenesis in mesoderm cell fate differentiation and reproduction. During embryogenesis, @entity2533 superfamily ligands, @entity2533 , bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and activins, act as potent morphogens. Similar to TGFbs and BMPs, activin A is a protein that is highly systemically expressed during early embryogenesis; however, post-natal expression is overall reduced and remains under strict spatiotemporal regulation. Of importance, normal post-natal expression of activin A has been implicated in the migration and invasive properties of various immune cell types, as well as endometrial cells. Aberrant activin A signaling during development results in significant morphological defects and premature mortality. Interestingly, activin A has been found to have both oncogenic and @entity5 suppressor roles in @entity5 . Investigations into the role of activin A in prostate and @entity0 has demonstrated @entity5 suppressive effects, while in lung and head and @entity213 , it has been consistently shown that activin A expression is correlated with increased proliferation, invasion and poor @entity1 prognosis. Activin A signaling is highly context-dependent, which is demonstrated in studies of epithelial cell @entity5 and the microenvironment. This review discusses normal activin A signaling in comparison to @entity2533 and highlights how its dysregulation contributes to @entity5 progression and cell invasion.

title: Intertwining of Activin A and XXXX Signaling: Dual Roles in Cancer Progression and Cancer Cell Invasion.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b', 'TGFb']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGFb']


abstract: Interaction of embryonic @entity1573 cerebral cells with the @entity816 (C6) and @entity521 (N2a) cells were examined by SEM. When @entity816 cells were added to the glial monolayer cell substratum the glial substratum was loosened and @entity816 cells grew into the gaps of the loosened glial substratum. It is believed that the penetrating property of the @entity816 cells may be related to the invasiveness of the @entity5 cells. When @entity521 (N2a) cells were added to normal glial substratum, no invasion of the glial substratum was observed. Instead, for the first 2 days the @entity5 cells rested on the glial substratum and sent out numerous fine filopodia (0.1-0.2 micrometers) closely adhered to the surface of the glial cells. On the third day, the groups of glial cells underneath the @entity521 cells, which have been covered by filopodia of the @entity5 cells were rounded and became retracted from the glial substratum. These morphologically altered cells showed features of the @entity5 cells. It is therefore speculated that @entity521 cells have the ability of changing (transforming?) the glial cells probably through their filopodia. When @entity521 cells were added to the @entity816 substratum, there was an initial reaction on both cell types in which lamellipodia were extremely developed. This initial reaction subsided about 24 hours later and the @entity521 cells became more flattened, and grew on the @entity816 substratum. In this case no rounding up of @entity816 cells was observed. Normal neuronal cells when added to @entity816 substratum, showed well differentiated neuronal characteristics. This indicates that neuronal differentiation can be maintained by a @entity5 substratum.

title: Scanning electron microscopic observations on the interaction between normal neuronal and XXXX cells in monolayer culture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the etiology of a novel, heritable @entity75 in a small group of @entity1 . METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern analysis was used to select @entity1 with the same pattern. Homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed to find the causal gene mutations. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 from 4 families (2 consanguineous) were identified with a similar MRI pattern characterized by T2 signal abnormalities and diffusion restriction in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, often also optic radiation, brainstem tracts, and cerebellar white matter, in combination with delayed @entity17 and progressive @entity1010 . @entity1 presented with early infantile onset @entity75 characterized by progressive @entity4242 , @entity410 , variable @entity299 , and @entity204 . Metabolic testing was unrevealing. Single nucleotide polymorphism array revealed 1 overlapping homozygous region on chromosome 20 in the consanguineous families. In all @entity1 , WES subsequently revealed recessive predicted loss of function mutations in @entity71443 , encoding @entity10761 pyrophosphatase (ITPase). ITPase activity in @entity1 ' erythrocytes and fibroblasts was severely reduced. INTERPRETATION: Until now @entity71443 variants have only been associated with adverse reactions to specific drugs. This is the first report associating @entity71443 mutations with a @entity1 disorder. ITPase is important in @entity17262 metabolism because it removes noncanonical nucleotides from the cellular nucleotide pool. @entity137 of accumulated noncanonical @entity2036 , leading to neuronal apoptosis and interference with proteins normally using @entity855 / @entity3007 , probably explains the disease. This study confirms that combining MRI pattern recognition to define small, homogeneous @entity1 groups with WES is a powerful approach for providing a fast diagnosis in @entity1 with an unclassified genetic @entity75 . Ann Neurol 2015.

title: Recessive XXXX mutations cause an early infantile @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelination']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity10761 :: ('MESH:D007293', 'Chemical') :: ['inosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity71443 :: (3704,Gene) :: ['ITPA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the etiology of a novel, heritable @entity75 in a small group of @entity1 . METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern analysis was used to select @entity1 with the same pattern. Homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed to find the causal gene mutations. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 from 4 families (2 consanguineous) were identified with a similar MRI pattern characterized by T2 signal abnormalities and diffusion restriction in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, often also optic radiation, brainstem tracts, and cerebellar white matter, in combination with delayed @entity17 and progressive @entity1010 . @entity1 presented with early infantile onset @entity75 characterized by progressive @entity4242 , @entity410 , variable @entity299 , and @entity204 . Metabolic testing was unrevealing. Single nucleotide polymorphism array revealed 1 overlapping homozygous region on chromosome 20 in the consanguineous families. In all @entity1 , WES subsequently revealed recessive predicted loss of function mutations in @entity71443 , encoding @entity10761 pyrophosphatase (ITPase). ITPase activity in @entity1 ' erythrocytes and fibroblasts was severely reduced. INTERPRETATION: Until now @entity71443 variants have only been associated with adverse reactions to specific drugs. This is the first report associating @entity71443 mutations with a @entity1 disorder. ITPase is important in @entity17262 metabolism because it removes noncanonical nucleotides from the cellular nucleotide pool. @entity137 of accumulated noncanonical @entity2036 , leading to neuronal apoptosis and interference with proteins normally using @entity855 / @entity3007 , probably explains the disease. This study confirms that combining MRI pattern recognition to define small, homogeneous @entity1 groups with WES is a powerful approach for providing a fast diagnosis in @entity1 with an unclassified genetic @entity75 . Ann Neurol 2015.

title: Recessive @entity71443 mutations cause an early infantile XXXX .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ), including @entity2517 ( @entity2517 ), @entity957 ( @entity957 ), @entity1490 ( @entity1490 ) and @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), is increasing. UVA and UVB radiation lead to genetic alterations in keratinocytes, which eventually result in @entity1489 . In the concept of field cancerization of the skin, genetically altered keratinocytes accumulate over an area exposed to UV radiation. Field treatment not only clears clinically visible @entity1489 lesions but also potentially targets subclinical 'sleeping' cell patches and fields. Topical treatments are available for the field-directed management of @entity1489 . They are either self-administered by the @entity1 ( @entity32990 , @entity3522 , @entity553 or @entity1487 ) or administered by the dermatologist (photodynamic therapy (PDT)). This article discusses the treatment options with respect to their efficacy, tolerability and selectivity. Selective treatment options for atypic keratinocytes include imiquimod, @entity32990 , @entity3522 and PDT. PDT yields 100% treatment compliance because it is always administered by the treating dermatologist. The efficacy rates achieved with PDT significantly exceed those of the @entity1 -administered topicals. The first clinical trials assessing the effects of PDT on field cancerization clinically, histologically and immunochemically have been conducted and have yielded promising results. Preventive effects and a delay in the re-occurrence of @entity1489 have been observed in animal experiments of @entity32990 and PDT, whereas for the latter, clinical data are already available.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Field cancerization: from molecular basis to selective field-directed management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['AK', 'actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity32990 :: ('MESH:C486592', 'Chemical') :: ['ingenol mebutate']

entities_list: @entity553 :: ('MESH:C056493', 'Chemical') :: ['imiquimod']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's Disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity2517 :: (MESH:D055623,Disease) :: ['actinic keratosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was aimed to compare the outcomes of two operational methods used for the fixation of calcaneal @entity174 , the open reduction using a plate and the minimally invasive cannulated screw fixations. Thus, we attempted to find out as to which of these fixation regimens was therapeutically superior by assessing improvement in the restoration of foot functioning and estimating the biochemical indices that reflect bone recovery. A total of 492 calcaneal @entity174 @entity1 admitted in our hospital from February, 2008 to February, 2012 were selected for the study and randomly divided into two groups of 246 cases each. They were treated with either open reduction using a plate or minimally invasive cannulated screw fixation procedures. After the operations, @entity1 were followed up for 2  years and the outcomes including functional restoration of calcaneus, the post-operational complications, and measure of the biochemical indicators of bone recovery were compared. The @entity1 who underwent plate fixation procedure showed the excellent and good rate of 76.8  %. The minimally invasive cannulated screw fixation led to the excellent and good rate of 82.5  %. The angle, width, and height of calcaneus observed in the last follow-up were also improved significantly in the two groups (p  <  0.05); however, these outcomes of the two techniques were not significantly different from each other (p  >  0.05). The post-operative complications occurred with the rates of 14.2 and 4.9  % in the @entity1 treated with the plate and the minimally invasive cannulated screw fixations, respectively. The length of stay and hospitalization costs in the plate fixation group were 9.16      0.83  days and 12,639.74      2,573.82 Chinese Yuan, respectively. In comparison, in cannulated screw fixation group, the length of hospital stay (7.03      0.52  days) and its cost (6,795.01      996.53 Chinese Yuan) were significantly lower. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-5b levels measured at the last follow-up examination were significantly altered (p  <  0.05) in the two groups. However, the difference between the outcomes of the two methods was not statistically significant (p  >  0.05). Plate screw and the cannulated screw fixations showed equally good therapeutic effect and significantly improved @entity1 ' mobility. However, the cannulated screw fixation was superior in terms of post-operative infection-free recovery and economical burden to the @entity1 .

title: Comparison of the Outcomes of Two Operational Methods Used for the Fixation of Calcaneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated the neuroprotective properties of single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 when administered prior to @entity64 . Male @entity35 were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: (1) control (Con) group (n=10), (2) @entity1214 (Mino) group (n=10), (3) @entity17756 (SO) group (n=10). @entity35 were treated with a single dose of @entity1214 or @entity17756 at 30min before @entity64 . A @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was made at 30min after drug administration and reperfusion was done. The @entity35 were subjected to a neurobehavioral test at days 1, 3 and 7 after @entity2500 . The cerebral ischemic volume was quantified by MetaMorph imaging software after TTC staining. The neuronal cell survival and astrocytes expansion were assessed by the @entity2141 and @entity40 immunohistofluorescence staining. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. We statistically analyzed and compared the results with each other. Mino and SO groups had neuroprotective effect and showed a better behavioral performance of adhesive removal and treadmill test at 7 days after @entity64 . Mino and SO groups also showed a smaller @entity1188 volume than control group at 7 days after @entity64 . Immunohistofluorescence staining showed a higher number of @entity2141 positive cells, lower activated astrocytes in @entity40 and a lower apoptosis in TUNEL staining. This study showed that single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 prior to @entity64 had neuroprotective effects. These agents will be useful not only in post- @entity64 therapy but also in @entity64 prevention in several cerebrovascular procedures like carotid endarterectomy, bypass procedure, endovascular angioplasty, thromboembolectomy or thrombolysis.

title: Preischemic Neuroprotective Effect of XXXX and @entity17756 on Transient Cerebral Ischemic @entity35 Model.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity17756 :: ('MESH:C034364', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium ozagrel', 'ozagrel']

answer: @entity1214 :: (MESH:D008911,Chemical) :: ['Minocycline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated the neuroprotective properties of single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 when administered prior to @entity64 . Male @entity35 were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: (1) control (Con) group (n=10), (2) @entity1214 (Mino) group (n=10), (3) @entity17756 (SO) group (n=10). @entity35 were treated with a single dose of @entity1214 or @entity17756 at 30min before @entity64 . A @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was made at 30min after drug administration and reperfusion was done. The @entity35 were subjected to a neurobehavioral test at days 1, 3 and 7 after @entity2500 . The cerebral ischemic volume was quantified by MetaMorph imaging software after TTC staining. The neuronal cell survival and astrocytes expansion were assessed by the @entity2141 and @entity40 immunohistofluorescence staining. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. We statistically analyzed and compared the results with each other. Mino and SO groups had neuroprotective effect and showed a better behavioral performance of adhesive removal and treadmill test at 7 days after @entity64 . Mino and SO groups also showed a smaller @entity1188 volume than control group at 7 days after @entity64 . Immunohistofluorescence staining showed a higher number of @entity2141 positive cells, lower activated astrocytes in @entity40 and a lower apoptosis in TUNEL staining. This study showed that single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 prior to @entity64 had neuroprotective effects. These agents will be useful not only in post- @entity64 therapy but also in @entity64 prevention in several cerebrovascular procedures like carotid endarterectomy, bypass procedure, endovascular angioplasty, thromboembolectomy or thrombolysis.

title: Preischemic Neuroprotective Effect of @entity1214 and XXXX on Transient Cerebral Ischemic @entity35 Model.

answer: @entity17756 :: (MESH:C034364,Chemical) :: ['Sodium Ozagrel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated the neuroprotective properties of single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 when administered prior to @entity64 . Male @entity35 were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: (1) control (Con) group (n=10), (2) @entity1214 (Mino) group (n=10), (3) @entity17756 (SO) group (n=10). @entity35 were treated with a single dose of @entity1214 or @entity17756 at 30min before @entity64 . A @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was made at 30min after drug administration and reperfusion was done. The @entity35 were subjected to a neurobehavioral test at days 1, 3 and 7 after @entity2500 . The cerebral ischemic volume was quantified by MetaMorph imaging software after TTC staining. The neuronal cell survival and astrocytes expansion were assessed by the @entity2141 and @entity40 immunohistofluorescence staining. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. We statistically analyzed and compared the results with each other. Mino and SO groups had neuroprotective effect and showed a better behavioral performance of adhesive removal and treadmill test at 7 days after @entity64 . Mino and SO groups also showed a smaller @entity1188 volume than control group at 7 days after @entity64 . Immunohistofluorescence staining showed a higher number of @entity2141 positive cells, lower activated astrocytes in @entity40 and a lower apoptosis in TUNEL staining. This study showed that single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 prior to @entity64 had neuroprotective effects. These agents will be useful not only in post- @entity64 therapy but also in @entity64 prevention in several cerebrovascular procedures like carotid endarterectomy, bypass procedure, endovascular angioplasty, thromboembolectomy or thrombolysis.

title: Preischemic Neuroprotective Effect of @entity1214 and @entity17756 on Transient Cerebral Ischemic XXXX Model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Here we report the genetic analyses of histone @entity376 methyltransferase (KMT) genes in the phytopathogenic fungus @entity8812 . Eight putative @entity8812 KMT genes were targeted for gene disruption by homologous recombination. Phenotypic assays revealed that the eight KMTs were involved in various @entity281 processes at varying degrees. Moset1 disruptants (  moset1) impaired in histone H3 @entity376 4 methylation (H3K4me) showed the most severe defects in @entity281 -related morphogenesis, including conidiation and appressorium formation. Consequently,   moset1 lost pathogenicity on @entity3505 host plants, thus indicating that H3K4me is an important epigenetic mark for @entity281 -related gene expression in @entity8812 . Interestingly, appressorium formation was greatly restored in the   moset1 mutants by exogenous addition of @entity268 or of the cutin monomer, @entity71444 . The   moset1 mutants were still infectious on the super-susceptible @entity2247 cultivar Nigrate. These results suggested that MoSET1 plays roles in various aspects of @entity281 , including signal perception and overcoming host-specific resistance. However, since   moset1 was also impaired in vegetative growth, the impact of MoSET1 on gene regulation was not @entity281 specific. ChIP-seq analysis of H3K4 di- and tri-methylation (H3K4me2/me3) and MoSET1 protein during @entity281 -related morphogenesis, together with RNA-seq analysis of the   moset1 mutant, led to the following conclusions: 1) Approximately 5% of @entity8812 genes showed significant changes in H3K4-me2 or -me3 abundance during @entity281 -related morphogenesis. 2) In general, H3K4-me2 and -me3 abundance was positively associated with active transcription. 3) Lack of MoSET1 methyltransferase, however, resulted in up-regulation of a significant portion of the @entity8812 genes in the vegetative mycelia (1,491 genes), and during @entity281 -related morphogenesis (1,385 genes), indicating that MoSET1 has a role in gene repression either directly or more likely indirectly. 4) Among the 4,077 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between mycelia and germination tubes, 1,201 and 882 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in a Moset1-dependent manner. 5) The Moset1-dependent DEGs were enriched in several gene categories such as signal transduction, transport, RNA processing, and translation.

title: MoSET1 (Histone H3K4 Methyltransferase in XXXX ) Regulates Global Gene Expression during Infection-Related Morphogenesis.

entities_list: @entity71444 :: ('MESH:C063407', 'Chemical') :: ['16-hydroxypalmitic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity8812 :: ('318829', 'Species') :: ['M. oryzae', 'Magnaporthe oryzae']

answer: @entity8812 :: (318829,Species) :: ['Magnaporthe oryzae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1036 has emerged as a major ophthalmic problem and a leading cause of @entity1939 , since its recognition in 1879. Filamentous fungi are major causative of @entity1036 . In India, the main etiological organism responsible for @entity1036 is Aspergillus species followed by Fusarium species. In South India, Fusarium based keratitis scales up to 43%. Nearly one-third of @entity1036 treatment results in failure, as @entity364 are highly resistant to antibiotic therapies. Therefore, there is need to determine novel and specific targets to constrain @entity22214 in @entity1 eye. In this study, we implemented subtractive proteomics coupled with in silico functional annotation to prioritize potential and specific drug targets which can be used to modulate the virulence of @entity10437 .pisi ( @entity59009 MPVI). The results infer that @entity9138 thiazole synthase (Thi4), an intracellular membrane bound protein as the potential target, which is a core protein in biological and metabolic process of this pathogen. Moreover, this protein occurs in the @entity9138 thiazole biosynthesis pathway which is unique to @entity10437 and devoid in @entity1 . Hence, we predicted a plausible structure for this protein and also performed ligand-binding cavity analysis which can be for a strong base for drug designing studies. This study will pave way in better understanding of potential drug targets in @entity10437 and also leading to therapeutic interventions of @entity364 .

title: In silico analysis and prioritization of drug targets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['Mycotic keratitis', 'mycotic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['F.solani', 'Fusarium solani subsp']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiamine', 'thiamine']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity59009 :: ('140110', 'Species') :: ['Nectria haematococca']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['Fusarium infections']

answer: @entity10437 :: (169388,Species) :: ['Fusarium solani']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Suicidality is more commonly reported among individuals with addictions relative to the general population, though data from Asian countries remain scarce. The medical records of 2187 Singaporean @entity1 with drug (n=879), @entity167 (n=754) or gambling (n=554) disorders entering an outpatient treatment service were examined to explore differences in suicidal ideation and lifetime attempts between substance and gambling addictions. The relationship between suicidality, co-morbidity and addiction severity were also examined. 25.0% reported thoughts of suicide in the past month, 11.8% had a suicide plan and 12.2% reported lifetime attempts. Rates of suicidal ideation (thoughts, and plan) but not lifetime attempts were significantly higher among gambling than substance use @entity1 . Co-morbid (DSM-IV axis-1) disorders were found among 32.5%, 38% and 40% of those reporting thoughts, plan and lifetime attempts respectively. Addiction severity was higher and quality of life lower among those reporting suicidal behaviors. Logistic regression revealed co-morbidity, debt, gender (being female) and being a gambling @entity1 as significant predictors of suicidal behaviors. The findings highlight the importance of screening for suicidality, even in the absence of co-morbidity, particularly among @entity74 @entity1 with debts. Suicide risk should be assessed periodically and referral to suicidal prevention interventions routinely offered to this vulnerable population.

title: Suicidal ideation and lifetime attempts in substance and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gambling disorder']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['gambling disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early utilisation of neuraxial anaesthesia has been recommended to reduce the need for general anaesthesia in @entity28 parturients. The insertion and management of labour epidurals in @entity28 @entity1 is not straight-forward. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the failure rate of extension of epidural analgesia for emergency caesarean section, in pregnant @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI)   >=    40  kg/m(2), to those with a BMI   <   30  kg/m(2). The results will be used to calculate the sample size of a planned prospective study. METHODS: In this retrospective, (1:1) case-control pilot study, @entity28 subjects and control subjects were selected from the obstetric database, if they delivered between January 2007 and December 2011. All subjects used epidural analgesia during labour and subsequently required anaesthesia for Category 1 or 2 Caesarean Section. Data was extracted from the @entity1 medical record. Failure to extend was analysed using liberal and restrictive definitions. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to detect differences between groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine variables predictive of extension failure. RESULTS: There were 63 subjects in each group. The mean BMI of the @entity28 group was 45.4 (5.8) kg/m(2) and 23.9 (3.0) kg/m(2) in the control group. The odds ratio for failure to extend the existing epidural blockade (liberal definition) was 2.48 (95  % CI:1.02 - 6.03) for the @entity28 group compared with the control group (adjusted for age, parity and gestation). Using the restrictive definition, the odds ratio for failure in the @entity28 group was 6.78 (95  % CI:1.43 - 32.2). The combination of respiratory co-morbidity and gestational @entity6 significantly predicted extension failure. Surgical time and epidural complications on labour ward were significantly greater in the @entity28 group. CONCLUSIONS: In this small retrospective cohort, @entity1 with a BMI   >=    40  kg/m(2) were significantly more likely to fail epidural extension for caesarean section. The presence of respiratory co-morbidity and gestational @entity6 were significant predictors of extension failure; their clinical relevance requires further evaluation.

title: What is the failure rate in extending labour analgesia in XXXX with a body mass index   >=    40  kg/m(2)compared with @entity1 with a body mass index   <   30  kg/m(2)? a retrospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early utilisation of neuraxial anaesthesia has been recommended to reduce the need for general anaesthesia in @entity28 parturients. The insertion and management of labour epidurals in @entity28 @entity1 is not straight-forward. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the failure rate of extension of epidural analgesia for emergency caesarean section, in pregnant @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI)   >=    40  kg/m(2), to those with a BMI   <   30  kg/m(2). The results will be used to calculate the sample size of a planned prospective study. METHODS: In this retrospective, (1:1) case-control pilot study, @entity28 subjects and control subjects were selected from the obstetric database, if they delivered between January 2007 and December 2011. All subjects used epidural analgesia during labour and subsequently required anaesthesia for Category 1 or 2 Caesarean Section. Data was extracted from the @entity1 medical record. Failure to extend was analysed using liberal and restrictive definitions. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to detect differences between groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine variables predictive of extension failure. RESULTS: There were 63 subjects in each group. The mean BMI of the @entity28 group was 45.4 (5.8) kg/m(2) and 23.9 (3.0) kg/m(2) in the control group. The odds ratio for failure to extend the existing epidural blockade (liberal definition) was 2.48 (95  % CI:1.02 - 6.03) for the @entity28 group compared with the control group (adjusted for age, parity and gestation). Using the restrictive definition, the odds ratio for failure in the @entity28 group was 6.78 (95  % CI:1.43 - 32.2). The combination of respiratory co-morbidity and gestational @entity6 significantly predicted extension failure. Surgical time and epidural complications on labour ward were significantly greater in the @entity28 group. CONCLUSIONS: In this small retrospective cohort, @entity1 with a BMI   >=    40  kg/m(2) were significantly more likely to fail epidural extension for caesarean section. The presence of respiratory co-morbidity and gestational @entity6 were significant predictors of extension failure; their clinical relevance requires further evaluation.

title: What is the failure rate in extending labour analgesia in @entity1 with a body mass index   >=    40  kg/m(2)compared with XXXX with a body mass index   <   30  kg/m(2)? a retrospective pilot study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A safety signal regarding cases of AKI after exposure to @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) was identified by Health Canada. Therefore, this study assessed whether the use of SNRIs increases the risk of AKI compared with selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and examined the risk associated with each individual SNRI. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Multiple retrospective population-based cohort studies were conducted within eight administrative databases from Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom between January 1997 and March 2010. Within each cohort, a nested case-control analysis was performed to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) of AKI associated with SNRIs compared with SSRIs using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for high-dimensional propensity scores. The overall effect across sites was estimated using meta-analytic methods. RESULTS: There were 38,974 cases of AKI matched to 384,034 controls. Current use of SNRIs was not associated with a higher risk of AKI compared with SSRIs (fixed-effect RR, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.94 to 1.01). Current use of @entity906 and @entity21553 considered together was not associated with a higher risk of AKI (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.00). For current use of @entity4480 , there was significant heterogeneity among site-specific estimates such that a random-effects meta-analysis was performed showing a 16% higher risk, although this risk was not statistically significant (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.40). This result is compatible with residual confounding, because there was a substantial imbalance in the prevalence of @entity6 between users of @entity4480 and users of others SNRIs or SSRIs. After further adjustment by including @entity6 as a covariate in the model along with propensity scores, the fixed-effect RR was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.10). CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that use of SNRIs is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for AKI compared with SSRIs.

title: @entity750 - XXXX Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of AKI: A Cohort Study of Eight Administrative Databases and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity21553 :: ('MESH:C086816', 'Chemical') :: ['desvenlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Norepinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A safety signal regarding cases of AKI after exposure to @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) was identified by Health Canada. Therefore, this study assessed whether the use of SNRIs increases the risk of AKI compared with selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and examined the risk associated with each individual SNRI. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Multiple retrospective population-based cohort studies were conducted within eight administrative databases from Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom between January 1997 and March 2010. Within each cohort, a nested case-control analysis was performed to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) of AKI associated with SNRIs compared with SSRIs using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for high-dimensional propensity scores. The overall effect across sites was estimated using meta-analytic methods. RESULTS: There were 38,974 cases of AKI matched to 384,034 controls. Current use of SNRIs was not associated with a higher risk of AKI compared with SSRIs (fixed-effect RR, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.94 to 1.01). Current use of @entity906 and @entity21553 considered together was not associated with a higher risk of AKI (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.00). For current use of @entity4480 , there was significant heterogeneity among site-specific estimates such that a random-effects meta-analysis was performed showing a 16% higher risk, although this risk was not statistically significant (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.40). This result is compatible with residual confounding, because there was a substantial imbalance in the prevalence of @entity6 between users of @entity4480 and users of others SNRIs or SSRIs. After further adjustment by including @entity6 as a covariate in the model along with propensity scores, the fixed-effect RR was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.10). CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that use of SNRIs is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for AKI compared with SSRIs.

title: XXXX - @entity1063 Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of AKI: A Cohort Study of Eight Administrative Databases and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity137 , survival and laryngeal preservation @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ), radiotherapy after supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy (SHLR) and radiotherapy after total laryngectomy (TLR) for advanced supraglottic @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2012, 532 @entity1 (pts) were treated in our Department: 273 were potentially fit for conservative surgery (Group I) and 259 were not amenable to partial surgery (Group II). RESULTS: A younger age (p = 0.005), a better performance status (p < 0.001), the absence of comorbidities (p < 0.001) and the absence of nodal involvement (p = 0.006) favorably impacted on overall survival. More high-grade @entity33 (p = 0.009), mild @entity1282 (p < 0.001) and mild @entity2133 (p < 0.001) were found in @entity1168 group; surgical @entity1 had more @entity4 of neck (p = 0.009) and @entity137 (p = 0.008). Group I No differences in local, nodal and distant recurrences and in number of rescue laryngectomies were observed. The disease characteristics (T, N and stage) but not the treatment modality impacted on disease-free survival (DFS). Group II There was an higher number of local (p = 0.013) and nodal (p = 0.022) recurrences after @entity1168 . DFS (p = 0.01) was longer after TLR. No differences in DFS between TLR @entity1 and @entity1168 @entity1 who underwent radio-chemotherapy were found. CONCLUSION: In Group I, @entity1168 results in a local-regional control and organ preservation comparable to surgical treatments, with only slight increase of late mild @entity2133 and @entity1282 . In Group II @entity1168 was less effective than TLR, with a significantly worse DFS. The use of concurrent radical radio-chemotherapy seems to provide comparable loco-regional control to TLR.

title: Clinical outcomes and XXXX after exclusive versus postoperative radiotherapy in @entity5 : new solutions for old problems? The case of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['rate after radiotherapy alone', 'RR']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity137 , survival and laryngeal preservation @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ), radiotherapy after supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy (SHLR) and radiotherapy after total laryngectomy (TLR) for advanced supraglottic @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2012, 532 @entity1 (pts) were treated in our Department: 273 were potentially fit for conservative surgery (Group I) and 259 were not amenable to partial surgery (Group II). RESULTS: A younger age (p = 0.005), a better performance status (p < 0.001), the absence of comorbidities (p < 0.001) and the absence of nodal involvement (p = 0.006) favorably impacted on overall survival. More high-grade @entity33 (p = 0.009), mild @entity1282 (p < 0.001) and mild @entity2133 (p < 0.001) were found in @entity1168 group; surgical @entity1 had more @entity4 of neck (p = 0.009) and @entity137 (p = 0.008). Group I No differences in local, nodal and distant recurrences and in number of rescue laryngectomies were observed. The disease characteristics (T, N and stage) but not the treatment modality impacted on disease-free survival (DFS). Group II There was an higher number of local (p = 0.013) and nodal (p = 0.022) recurrences after @entity1168 . DFS (p = 0.01) was longer after TLR. No differences in DFS between TLR @entity1 and @entity1168 @entity1 who underwent radio-chemotherapy were found. CONCLUSION: In Group I, @entity1168 results in a local-regional control and organ preservation comparable to surgical treatments, with only slight increase of late mild @entity2133 and @entity1282 . In Group II @entity1168 was less effective than TLR, with a significantly worse DFS. The use of concurrent radical radio-chemotherapy seems to provide comparable loco-regional control to TLR.

title: Clinical outcomes and @entity137 after exclusive versus postoperative radiotherapy in XXXX : new solutions for old problems? The case of @entity5 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['supraglottic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity137 , survival and laryngeal preservation @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ), radiotherapy after supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy (SHLR) and radiotherapy after total laryngectomy (TLR) for advanced supraglottic @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2012, 532 @entity1 (pts) were treated in our Department: 273 were potentially fit for conservative surgery (Group I) and 259 were not amenable to partial surgery (Group II). RESULTS: A younger age (p = 0.005), a better performance status (p < 0.001), the absence of comorbidities (p < 0.001) and the absence of nodal involvement (p = 0.006) favorably impacted on overall survival. More high-grade @entity33 (p = 0.009), mild @entity1282 (p < 0.001) and mild @entity2133 (p < 0.001) were found in @entity1168 group; surgical @entity1 had more @entity4 of neck (p = 0.009) and @entity137 (p = 0.008). Group I No differences in local, nodal and distant recurrences and in number of rescue laryngectomies were observed. The disease characteristics (T, N and stage) but not the treatment modality impacted on disease-free survival (DFS). Group II There was an higher number of local (p = 0.013) and nodal (p = 0.022) recurrences after @entity1168 . DFS (p = 0.01) was longer after TLR. No differences in DFS between TLR @entity1 and @entity1168 @entity1 who underwent radio-chemotherapy were found. CONCLUSION: In Group I, @entity1168 results in a local-regional control and organ preservation comparable to surgical treatments, with only slight increase of late mild @entity2133 and @entity1282 . In Group II @entity1168 was less effective than TLR, with a significantly worse DFS. The use of concurrent radical radio-chemotherapy seems to provide comparable loco-regional control to TLR.

title: Clinical outcomes and @entity137 after exclusive versus postoperative radiotherapy in @entity5 : new solutions for old problems? The case of XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III and IV disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We longitudinally assessed @entity1 presenting with total mismatch and hypothesized that hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR), severity of @entity64 , and @entity432 are predictors of tissue fate. METHODS: @entity1 with suspected @entity64 or @entity4905 admitted to our emergency department between September 2008 and October 2012 with suspected @entity64 or @entity4905 were eligible to participate in the ongoing @entity64 imaging study 1000Plus. @entity1 received acute and follow-up @entity64 MRI, basic demographics were collected, and @entity64 severity was rated according to the NIH @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). Inclusion criteria for the substudy were total mismatch on admission examination and available follow-up. RESULTS: We identified 23 @entity1 with total mismatch: median age 70 years (interquartile range 66-78), 10 female (43.5%). @entity1188 was found on follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging (median lesion size 1.3 mL) in 9 @entity1 (39.1%). @entity1188 was correlated with NIHSS at admission (p = 0.026) and HIR (p = 0.015) but not with @entity432 . Clinical outcome as measured by last recorded NIHSS score and modified Rankin Scale score at discharge was significantly worse in @entity1 with @entity1188 on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Final @entity1188 is frequently seen in @entity1 with total mismatch. Clinical presentation at admission and severity of hypoperfusion measured by HIR, but not occlusion of the supplying vessel, predict tissue fate.

title: Natural course of total mismatch and predictors for tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vessel occlusion', 'occlusion of blood vessel']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To calculate the cost-utility of different strategies for the detection of occult lymph node metastases in @entity7487 -T2N0 @entity5 . METHODS: A decision tree followed by a Markov model was designed to compare the cost-utility of the following strategies: (a) USgFNAC (ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology), (b) SLNB (sentinel lymph node biopsy), (c) USgFNAC and, if negative, SLNB (d) END (elective neck dissection). Data was collected from 62 @entity1 in four Dutch head and neck centres. Utilities were measured with the EQ5D questionnaire and resource use was recorded from @entity1 charts. Costs were calculated from a hospital perspective. Uncertainty was explored with scenario analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: With a 5- or 10-year time horizon, SLNB results in the highest number of additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs, 0.12 and 0.26, respectively) for the smallest additional costs (   56 and    74, respectively) compared to USgFNAC. With a lifetime horizon END results in the highest number of additional QALYs (0.55) for an additional    1.626 per QALY gained compared to USgFNAC. When we make different assumptions regarding the duration of disutilities (   5 years) or the improvement (   3%) of sensitivity of SLNB, SLNB is the most favourable strategy from all time horizons. CONCLUSION: SLNB is a good diagnostic strategy to evaluate @entity7487 -T2N0 @entity5 . SLNB is the preferred strategy in a 5- or 10-year time horizon. From a lifetime horizon, END may be preferred. SLNB may become the optimal strategy from all time horizons if its sensitivity can be slightly improved.

title: Cost-utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in XXXX -T2N0 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity7487 :: (1489,Gene) :: ['cT1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To calculate the cost-utility of different strategies for the detection of occult lymph node metastases in @entity7487 -T2N0 @entity5 . METHODS: A decision tree followed by a Markov model was designed to compare the cost-utility of the following strategies: (a) USgFNAC (ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology), (b) SLNB (sentinel lymph node biopsy), (c) USgFNAC and, if negative, SLNB (d) END (elective neck dissection). Data was collected from 62 @entity1 in four Dutch head and neck centres. Utilities were measured with the EQ5D questionnaire and resource use was recorded from @entity1 charts. Costs were calculated from a hospital perspective. Uncertainty was explored with scenario analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: With a 5- or 10-year time horizon, SLNB results in the highest number of additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs, 0.12 and 0.26, respectively) for the smallest additional costs (   56 and    74, respectively) compared to USgFNAC. With a lifetime horizon END results in the highest number of additional QALYs (0.55) for an additional    1.626 per QALY gained compared to USgFNAC. When we make different assumptions regarding the duration of disutilities (   5 years) or the improvement (   3%) of sensitivity of SLNB, SLNB is the most favourable strategy from all time horizons. CONCLUSION: SLNB is a good diagnostic strategy to evaluate @entity7487 -T2N0 @entity5 . SLNB is the preferred strategy in a 5- or 10-year time horizon. From a lifetime horizon, END may be preferred. SLNB may become the optimal strategy from all time horizons if its sensitivity can be slightly improved.

title: Cost-utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in @entity7487 -T2N0 XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using a @entity19 model of intrauterine @entity32 , we have demonstrated that exposure to @entity32 induces @entity600 and perinatal @entity1545 . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory effects in many inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that treatment with @entity1 adipose tissue-derived MSCs may decrease the rate of @entity600 and perinatal @entity1545 through changes in antiinflammatory and regulatory milieu. STUDY DESIGN: A @entity19 model of intrauterine @entity32 was used with the following groups: (1) control; (2) intrauterine @entity32 (lipopolysaccharide); and (3) intrauterine lipopolysaccharide+intraperitoneal (MSCs). Preterm birth was investigated. Luminex multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed for protein levels of cytokines in maternal and fetal compartments. Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify and localize MSCs and to examine microglial morphologic condition and @entity2359 in perinatal brain. Behavioral testing was performed at postnatal day 5. RESULTS: Pretreatment with MSCs significantly decreased the rate of @entity600 by 21% compared with the lipopolysaccharide group (P<.01). Pretreatment was associated with increased @entity1618 in maternal serum, increased @entity58 in placenta, decreased @entity777 in fetal brain (P<.05), decreased microglial activation (P<.05), and @entity2359 (P<.05). These findings were associated with improved neurobehavioral testing at postnatal day 5 (P<.05). Injected MSCs were localized to placenta. CONCLUSION: Maternally administered MSCs appear to modulate maternal and fetal immune response to intrauterine @entity32 in the model and @entity600 , perinatal @entity1545 , and @entity51 in offspring @entity19 .

title: XXXX model: maternal administration of stem cells for prevention of prematurity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['decrease preterm birth', 'preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'decreased fetal neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity505 -ion radiotherapy treatment planning, the @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) measured in water is applied to the @entity1 dose calculation with density scaling using the stopping power ratio. Since body tissues are chemically different from water, this dose calculation can be subject to errors, particularly due to differences in inelastic nuclear interactions. In recent studies, the authors proposed and validated a @entity15929 correction method for these errors. In the present study, the authors used this correction method to assess the influence of these nuclear interactions in body tissues on @entity5 dose in various clinical cases. METHODS: Using 10-20 cases each of prostate, head and neck (HN), bone and soft tissue (BS), lung, liver, pancreas, and uterine @entity5 , the authors first used treatment plans for @entity505 -ion radiotherapy without nuclear interaction correction to derive uncorrected dose distributions. The authors then compared these distributions with recalculated distributions using the nuclear interaction correction (corrected dose distributions). RESULTS: Median (25%/75% quartiles) differences between the target mean uncorrected doses and corrected doses were 0.2% (0.1%/0.2%), 0.0% (0.0%/0.0%), -0.3% (-0.4%/-0.2%), -0.1% (-0.2%/-0.1%), -0.1% (-0.2%/0.0%), -0.4% (-0.5%/-0.1%), and -0.3% (-0.4%/0.0%) for the prostate, HN, BS, lung, liver, pancreas, and uterine cases, respectively. The largest difference of -1.6% in target mean and -2.5% at maximum were observed in a uterine case. CONCLUSIONS: For most clinical cases, dose calculation errors due to the water nonequivalence of the tissues in nuclear interactions would be marginal compared to intrinsic uncertainties in treatment planning, @entity1 setup, beam delivery, and clinical response. In some extreme cases, however, these errors can be substantial. Accordingly, this correction method should be routinely applied to treatment planning in clinical practice.

title: Influence of nuclear interactions in body tissues on @entity5 dose in XXXX -ion radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['planar integrated dose', 'PID']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity505 -ion radiotherapy treatment planning, the @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) measured in water is applied to the @entity1 dose calculation with density scaling using the stopping power ratio. Since body tissues are chemically different from water, this dose calculation can be subject to errors, particularly due to differences in inelastic nuclear interactions. In recent studies, the authors proposed and validated a @entity15929 correction method for these errors. In the present study, the authors used this correction method to assess the influence of these nuclear interactions in body tissues on @entity5 dose in various clinical cases. METHODS: Using 10-20 cases each of prostate, head and neck (HN), bone and soft tissue (BS), lung, liver, pancreas, and uterine @entity5 , the authors first used treatment plans for @entity505 -ion radiotherapy without nuclear interaction correction to derive uncorrected dose distributions. The authors then compared these distributions with recalculated distributions using the nuclear interaction correction (corrected dose distributions). RESULTS: Median (25%/75% quartiles) differences between the target mean uncorrected doses and corrected doses were 0.2% (0.1%/0.2%), 0.0% (0.0%/0.0%), -0.3% (-0.4%/-0.2%), -0.1% (-0.2%/-0.1%), -0.1% (-0.2%/0.0%), -0.4% (-0.5%/-0.1%), and -0.3% (-0.4%/0.0%) for the prostate, HN, BS, lung, liver, pancreas, and uterine cases, respectively. The largest difference of -1.6% in target mean and -2.5% at maximum were observed in a uterine case. CONCLUSIONS: For most clinical cases, dose calculation errors due to the water nonequivalence of the tissues in nuclear interactions would be marginal compared to intrinsic uncertainties in treatment planning, @entity1 setup, beam delivery, and clinical response. In some extreme cases, however, these errors can be substantial. Accordingly, this correction method should be routinely applied to treatment planning in clinical practice.

title: Influence of nuclear interactions in body tissues on XXXX dose in @entity505 -ion radiotherapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']