abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity726 drainage devices. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 24 cases performed by a single surgeon (S.B.H.) on 20 eyes. Data were gathered on demographics, ocular history, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes. Outcome measures included @entity177 , secondary graft failure, endothelial cell density (ECD), @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ), intraocular pressure, and visual acuity. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 30.3    19.6 months, there was no occurrence of @entity177 , and the rate of secondary graft failure was 29%. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, were 87% [95% confidence interval (CI): 65%-96%], 80% (95% CI: 55%-92%), and 70% (95% CI: 39%-88%). Compared with ECD of the donor lenticule, endothelial cell loss was 49    16% (n = 21) at postoperative month 3, 59    16% (n = 20) at month 6, 61    20% (n = 16) at month 12, and stabilized at 75    17% (n = 9) by month 18. Compared with @entity2840 during the visit before surgery, @entity2840 decreased to 83    18% (n = 18) at postoperative month 3 and gradually increased to 95    11% (n = 6) at month 24. There were 4 (17%) cases of intraocular pressure elevation above 25 mm Hg. Improved visual acuity occurred in 71% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity3279 secondary to @entity409 in the presence of a previous @entity726 drainage device is a successful procedure. However, intermediate term endothelial cell loss is significant, as is the graft failure rate.

title: Outcomes After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in XXXX With @entity726 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various types of systems are used to control the reactivity and shutting down of a nuclear reactor during emergency and routine shutdown operations. Injection of @entity9725 solution (borated water) into the core of a reactor is one of the commonly used methods during emergency operation. A pilot-scale poison tank was designed and fabricated to simulate injection of @entity9725 poison into the core of a reactor along with coolant water. In order to design a full-scale poison tank, it was desired to characterize flow of liquid from the tank. @entity1054 ( @entity27742 ) measurement and analysis was adopted to characterize the flow dynamics. Radiotracer technique was applied to measure @entity27742 of aqueous phase in the tank using @entity5497 -82 as a radiotracer. @entity27742 measurements were carried out with two different modes of operation of the tank and at different flow rates. In Mode-1, the radiotracer was instantaneously injected at the inlet and monitored at the outlet, whereas in Mode-2, the tank was filled with radiotracer and its concentration was measured at the outlet. From the measured @entity27742 curves, mean residence times (MRTs), dead volume and fraction of liquid pumped in with time were determined. The treated @entity27742 curves were modeled using suitable mathematical models. An axial dispersion model with high degree of backmixing was found suitable to describe flow when operated in Mode-1, whereas a tanks-in-series model with backmixing was found suitable to describe flow of the poison in the tank when operated in Mode-2. The results were utilized to scale-up and design a full-scale poison tank for a nuclear reactor.

title: XXXX measurements in a pilot-scale poison tank using radiotracer technique.

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['Residence time distribution']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['Residence time distribution']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt vascular @entity130 in an extremity is an uncommon diagnosis. Considering the complexity of these injuries, it is worthwhile to determine how select factors affect the outcome of the limb and the @entity1 . The objectives of this study were to review the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of @entity1 who sustained blunt @entity1317 in the extremities and relate factors in their treatment to the outcome of the injured extremity. METHODS: A retrospective review of data on adult and pediatric @entity1 who had a diagnosis of blunt @entity1317 in an extremity and underwent some attempt at restoration of vascular flow was conducted. RESULTS: From January 1995 to December 2002, 62 @entity1 (80.3% male; mean age, 33.2 +/- 15.8 years) sustained blunt @entity130 (mean Injury Severity Score, 14.6 +/- 8.4), with 93 @entity1317 in 65 extremities (16 upper and 49 lower). Hard signs of @entity1317 occurred in 41 (66%) @entity1 . An associated @entity174 and/or dislocation was present in 59 @entity1 (95%). Preoperative arteriograms were obtained in 20 @entity1 (17 occlusions, 2 embolizations, and 1 untreated). @entity130 were as follows: 16 upper (brachial artery, 50%) and 63 lower (tibial/peroneal/popliteal, 84%), with ligation being the most common treatment in the latter. Intravascular shunts were used to restore blood flow in 18 vessels (13 arteries and 5 veins) in 13 @entity1 . Delays in diagnosis or treatment occurred in six @entity1 , mostly because of errors in management/judgment. @entity245 were performed in six @entity1 , and five developed @entity5925 . Six @entity1 died. The age (p = 0.0006), Injury Severity Score (p = 0.0007), and Mangled Extremity Severity Score (p = 0.0009) were significantly different for the survivors compared with the nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: Blunt @entity1317 in the lower extremities occur most commonly in the anteroposterior tibial arteries; injured arteries in the proximal upper and lower extremity require resection with interposition grafting, whereas those in the forearm or @entity291 are usually ligated; the amputation rate in 65 injured extremities with blunt vascular @entity130 was 18.%, which is at least three times that for those who sustain penetrating injury; and delays in diagnosis and treatment are uncommon in these @entity1 with @entity1230 .

title: Blunt vascular XXXX in the extremity: diagnosis, management, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed or late fasciotomies']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Vessel injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine clinical presentation and medium-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity5414 of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. TYPE OF STUDY: Matched case control study. METHODS: From a consecutive case series of 575 @entity1 who underwent ACL reconstruction from 1996 through 1999, we report on 10 @entity1 (1.7%) with @entity5414 . These @entity1 were compared with individually matched @entity1 without @entity281 , on average, 3 years after surgery. The examination included physical and radiographic evaluation, functional testing, KT-1000, Lysholm and Tegner scales, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS) form. RESULTS: The predominant clinical presentation among @entity1 with @entity5414 was modest classic signs of @entity281 . However, all had @entity221 and elevated sedimentation rate or high @entity1851 . Bacterial cultures showed coagulase-negative @entity794 species in 6, @entity794 in 1, and Propionibacteriaceae species in 1 @entity1 . The diagnosis was established with a delay of approximately 5 days. All @entity1 underwent arthroscopic debridement and lavage (2 cases) or continuous irrigation (8 cases), as well as antibiotic treatment. One experienced graft @entity397 caused by the @entity281 . At the end of the follow-up evaluation, the infected @entity1 reported significantly lower activity levels than the control subjects (mean Tegner score, 5.3 v 7.2, P =.03). No statistically significant differences were noted in mean Lysholm, IKDC, or KOOS scores, or in KT-1000 difference. Two infected @entity1 scored lower on the Tegner and Lysholm scales postoperatively than they did preoperatively. When examining the causes of @entity281 , we found contamination by coagulase-negative @entity794 on supposedly sterile suture clamps on 3 graft preparation boards. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of suspected @entity5414 after ACL reconstruction, laboratory studies and @entity1173 followed by culture testing should be performed liberally to avoid the otherwise frequently delayed diagnosis. The inferior postoperative activity level noted in infected @entity1 appeared not to be secondary to graft failure but may be related to arthrofibrosis, @entity16 , or recurring postinfectious @entity937 .

title: Presentation, outcome, and cause of XXXX after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'postoperative septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee Injury']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['septic arthritis']


abstract: This article examines acute @entity158 management practices for @entity1 65 years of age and older who were hospitalized during 1999 for @entity173 . Data were collected from the medical records of @entity1 (N = 709) admitted to 12 hospitals in the Midwest and from questionnaires on @entity158 practices completed by nurses (N = 172) caring for these @entity1 . The major variables examined were (1). pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for acute @entity158 in hospitalized elders, (2). nurses' perceived stage of adoption for avoiding @entity6882 use and for administering analgesics around-the-clock, and (3). nurses' perceived barriers to optimal treatment of acute @entity158 in elders. @entity1443 was the most frequently administered analgesic, but administered doses were far less than the maximum daily recommended dose. More than one third (39%) of the nurses reported that they always avoided the use of @entity6882 , and over half reporting avoiding its use sometimes. However, the majority of @entity1 (56.8%) received at least one dose of @entity6882 , even though evidence suggests that other analgesic agents are more appropriate for treatment of acute @entity158 in elders. Only 27% of @entity1 received @entity1 -controlled analgesia, and only 22.3% of @entity1 received around-the-clock administration during the first 24 hours after admission of analgesics that had been ordered on a prn basis. The majority of nurses were aware that around-the-clock administration of analgesics was preferable, but only 33.7% were persuaded (believed) that this method should be used. Intramuscular injection was used for 52.2% of @entity1 , even though this route is not recommended for older adults. The most frequently used nonpharmacological intervention was repositioning, followed by use of pressure relief devices and cold application. Nurses reported difficulty contacting physicians and difficulty communicating with them about type and/or dose of analgesics as the greatest barriers to @entity158 management. Findings from this multi-site study show that active and focused "translation" interventions are needed to promote adoption of evidence-based acute @entity158 management practices by health care providers.

title: Acute XXXX treatment for older adults hospitalized with @entity173 : current nursing practices and perceived barriers.

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetaminophen']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: This article examines acute @entity158 management practices for @entity1 65 years of age and older who were hospitalized during 1999 for @entity173 . Data were collected from the medical records of @entity1 (N = 709) admitted to 12 hospitals in the Midwest and from questionnaires on @entity158 practices completed by nurses (N = 172) caring for these @entity1 . The major variables examined were (1). pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for acute @entity158 in hospitalized elders, (2). nurses' perceived stage of adoption for avoiding @entity6882 use and for administering analgesics around-the-clock, and (3). nurses' perceived barriers to optimal treatment of acute @entity158 in elders. @entity1443 was the most frequently administered analgesic, but administered doses were far less than the maximum daily recommended dose. More than one third (39%) of the nurses reported that they always avoided the use of @entity6882 , and over half reporting avoiding its use sometimes. However, the majority of @entity1 (56.8%) received at least one dose of @entity6882 , even though evidence suggests that other analgesic agents are more appropriate for treatment of acute @entity158 in elders. Only 27% of @entity1 received @entity1 -controlled analgesia, and only 22.3% of @entity1 received around-the-clock administration during the first 24 hours after admission of analgesics that had been ordered on a prn basis. The majority of nurses were aware that around-the-clock administration of analgesics was preferable, but only 33.7% were persuaded (believed) that this method should be used. Intramuscular injection was used for 52.2% of @entity1 , even though this route is not recommended for older adults. The most frequently used nonpharmacological intervention was repositioning, followed by use of pressure relief devices and cold application. Nurses reported difficulty contacting physicians and difficulty communicating with them about type and/or dose of analgesics as the greatest barriers to @entity158 management. Findings from this multi-site study show that active and focused "translation" interventions are needed to promote adoption of evidence-based acute @entity158 management practices by health care providers.

title: Acute @entity158 treatment for older adults hospitalized with XXXX : current nursing practices and perceived barriers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Pavetta crassipes leaf is routinely used locally in Nigeria for the management of @entity1576 and @entity101 . The @entity551 and other cardiovascular effects of Pavetta crassipes were investigated in @entity468 and @entity35 . The effects of the extract on @entity35 and cat blood pressures, isolated @entity35 atria, @entity35 portal vein, isolated @entity35 aorta and @entity35 vas deferens were studied. Specific receptor antagonists ( @entity3897 , @entity8765 , @entity5521 , @entity1169 ) were used to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) involved in the cardiovascular changes induced by P. crassipes. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of Pavetta crassipes lowered the blood pressures of @entity468 and @entity35 in a dose dependent manner. The extract also caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the force of contraction of the isolated @entity35 atria and @entity35 portal vein. The decreases in blood pressure values were attenuated in the presence of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity1169 . The extract also attenuated @entity3044 -induced contraction of the @entity35 atria. However, the extract did not affect contractions evoked by @entity4338 , @entity1063 and @entity750 on the @entity35 aorta. Pavetta crassipes contains biologically active substances that may be useful in the management of @entity101 .

title: XXXX activity of the ethanol extract of Pavetta crassipes leaves.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotensive']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity291 beta-casomorphin-5 (beta-CM-5: @entity70551 ), a micro-opioid agonist derived from milk beta-casein, on step-down type passive avoidance tasks were investigated in @entity19 . Intracerebroventricular administration of a high dose (10 microg) of beta-CM-5 produced a significant decrease in step-down latency. @entity5541 (5 microg, i.c.v.) almost completely reversed the beta-CM-5-induced shortening of step-down latency, although neither @entity5172 (5 ng, i.c.v.) nor @entity14719 (5 microg, i.c.v.) had any significant influence on the effect of beta-CM-5. Meanwhile, a low dose (0.5 microg, i.c.v.) of beta-CM-5 inhibited @entity5591 (1 mg/kg)-induced impairment of passive avoidance response. These results indicated that a high dose of beta-CM-5 induces @entity2730 , whereas a low dose ameliorates @entity5591 -induced @entity2730 .

title: Effects of beta-casomorphin-5 on passive avoidance response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5541 :: ('MESH:C024524', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-Funaltrexamine']

entities_list: @entity5172 :: ('MESH:C055382', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrindole']

entities_list: @entity14719 :: ('MESH:C051844', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-binaltorphimine']

entities_list: @entity70551 :: ('MESH:C034812', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4098 ( @entity4098 ) are uncommon diseases, accounting for approximately 1% of all @entity5 and 0.5-4% of all @entity0 , respectively. In 10-30% of vulval cases an invasive @entity420 is present. In such cases the disease is often aggressive and recurrence rate is high. This is in contrast to @entity4098 where the general consensus is that almost all cases are associated with an in situ or @entity513 . Our aim was to examine the presence of the @entity5 suppressor protein @entity876 and the proliferation marker Ki67 in @entity4261 and @entity4098 and correlate any differences in the expression of these two proteins with the presence of an underlying @entity189 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 52 archival cases of @entity4261 , which included 10 with associated invasive @entity420 , and on 37 archival cases of @entity4098 , including 26 with available associated @entity513 in situ (DCIS) or invasive @entity0 . All cases were @entity406 -fixed and paraffin wax-embedded. Monoclonal antibodies were used with microwave antigen retrieval. Streptavidin- @entity1885 -horseradish peroxidase and @entity15989 detection methods were employed to visualize antibody binding and staining. A section was scored positive for @entity876 if more than 10% of cell nuclei were stained brown and Ki67 was expressed as a percentage of positive cells to the nearest 5% of cells showing nuclear positivity (Ki67 staining index). RESULTS: @entity876 was expressed in 15 of 52 (29%) @entity4261 cases and 5 of 37 (13%) cases of @entity4098 . Four of the ten cases (40%) of @entity4261 associated with invasive disease expressed @entity876 compared with 11 of 42 (26%) cases without invasive disease. The mean Ki67 staining index for @entity4261 associated with invasion was 19%, and for that without invasion, 16%. In the breast cases, the mean staining index was 11%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity876 may have a role to play in @entity4261 progression, and may be a late event in some cases, especially those associated with invasive disease. Ki67 has no apparent prognostic role in @entity4261 as there was no significant difference between those cases associated with and those without invasive disease. Neither @entity876 nor Ki67 appears to have a prognostic role to play in @entity4098 .

title: The role of XXXX and Ki67 in @entity4261 and the breast.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulval neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4098 :: ('MESH:D010144', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of the vulva (PDV) and Paget's disease of the breast", 'PDB']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15989 :: ('MESH:D015100', 'Chemical') :: ["3,3'-diaminobenzidine"]

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the vulva', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4098 ( @entity4098 ) are uncommon diseases, accounting for approximately 1% of all @entity5 and 0.5-4% of all @entity0 , respectively. In 10-30% of vulval cases an invasive @entity420 is present. In such cases the disease is often aggressive and recurrence rate is high. This is in contrast to @entity4098 where the general consensus is that almost all cases are associated with an in situ or @entity513 . Our aim was to examine the presence of the @entity5 suppressor protein @entity876 and the proliferation marker Ki67 in @entity4261 and @entity4098 and correlate any differences in the expression of these two proteins with the presence of an underlying @entity189 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 52 archival cases of @entity4261 , which included 10 with associated invasive @entity420 , and on 37 archival cases of @entity4098 , including 26 with available associated @entity513 in situ (DCIS) or invasive @entity0 . All cases were @entity406 -fixed and paraffin wax-embedded. Monoclonal antibodies were used with microwave antigen retrieval. Streptavidin- @entity1885 -horseradish peroxidase and @entity15989 detection methods were employed to visualize antibody binding and staining. A section was scored positive for @entity876 if more than 10% of cell nuclei were stained brown and Ki67 was expressed as a percentage of positive cells to the nearest 5% of cells showing nuclear positivity (Ki67 staining index). RESULTS: @entity876 was expressed in 15 of 52 (29%) @entity4261 cases and 5 of 37 (13%) cases of @entity4098 . Four of the ten cases (40%) of @entity4261 associated with invasive disease expressed @entity876 compared with 11 of 42 (26%) cases without invasive disease. The mean Ki67 staining index for @entity4261 associated with invasion was 19%, and for that without invasion, 16%. In the breast cases, the mean staining index was 11%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity876 may have a role to play in @entity4261 progression, and may be a late event in some cases, especially those associated with invasive disease. Ki67 has no apparent prognostic role in @entity4261 as there was no significant difference between those cases associated with and those without invasive disease. Neither @entity876 nor Ki67 appears to have a prognostic role to play in @entity4098 .

title: The role of @entity876 and Ki67 in XXXX and the breast.

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease of the vulva']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to characterize the prognostic features of @entity43 ( @entity43 ), examine the clinical impact of surgical staging, and define the role of cytoreductive surgery for @entity1 with @entity1442 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity43 were identified from hospital and @entity5 registry databases. Demographic, operative, pathologic, and follow-up data were abstracted retrospectively. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and statistical comparisons were performed using the log rank test, logistic regression analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 45 years, and follow-up extended to a median of 43.0 months. Stage I/II disease was present in 25.5% of @entity1 and no disease-related deaths were observed in this group. @entity5 was discovered in 29.4% of @entity1 with @entity5 clinically confined to the ovaries. Stage III/IV disease (74.5% of cases) was associated with median progression-free and overall survival times of 32.8 and 114.2 months, respectively. Menopausal status and the anatomic extent of disease were significantly associated with survival outcome. However, the strongest independent predictor of survival for @entity1 with @entity1442 was the amount of @entity41 . Median overall survival for @entity1 with optimal cytoreduction (residual disease </=1 cm) was 115.4 months compared to 43.1 months for those with >1 cm @entity41 (P < 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity43 carries a significant risk of extraovarian spread; however, adequately sampled Stage I/II disease is associated with a favorable prognosis. Optimal cytoreduction is associated with improved survival and should be the primary therapeutic objective for @entity1 with advanced-stage @entity43 .

title: XXXX : surgical management and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary serous ovarian carcinoma', 'MPSC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Micropapillary serous ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review previous reports of cases of @entity4513 to examine its epidemiological and clinical characteristics and to explore the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease. BACKGROUND: @entity4513 is one of many @entity158 conditions that affect the oral cavity and is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis. METHODS: A search of the literature was performed for all cases of @entity4513 reported from 1966 to the present. RESULTS: The typical clinical presentation of @entity4513 that has been reported involves @entity158 in a tooth in the absence of any sign of pathology; the @entity158 may spread to areas of the face, neck, and shoulder. The existing literature suggests that this condition occurs in 3% to 6% of the @entity1 who undergo endodontic treatment, with high female preponderance and a concentration of cases in the fourth decade of life. Deafferentation seems to be the most likely mechanism to initiate the @entity158 , but psychological factors, alteration of neural mechanisms, and even an idiopathic mechanism have been implicated. Not all reported cases were preceded by @entity130 to the teeth or gums. The treatment of choice is a tricyclic antidepressant, alone or in combination with a @entity9852 . The outcome is usually fair, with many @entity1 obtaining complete relief from @entity158 . Especially in the absence of overt pathology, particular attention should be paid to avoiding any unnecessary and potentially dangerous dental intervention on the teeth. CONCLUSION: @entity4513 is surprisingly common, of uncertain origin, and potentially treatable.

title: XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity4513 :: ('MESH:D014098', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical odontalgia', 'atypical odontalgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

answer: @entity4513 :: (MESH:D014098,Disease) :: ['Atypical odontalgia']


abstract: Weight loss in response to caloric restriction is variable. Because skeletal muscle mitochondrial proton leak may account for a large proportion of resting metabolic rate, we compared proton leak in diet-resistant and diet-responsive overweight @entity1 and compared the expression and gene characteristics of @entity5912 and @entity13514 . Of 1,129 overweight @entity1 who completed the University of Ottawa Weight Management Clinic program, 353 met compliance criteria and were free of medical conditions that could affect @entity353 . Subjects were ranked according to percent body @entity353 during the first 6 weeks of a 900-kcal meal replacement protocol. The highest and lowest quintiles of @entity353 were defined as diet responsive and diet resistant, respectively. After body weight had been stable for at least 10 weeks, 12 of 70 subjects from each group consented to muscle biopsy and blood sampling for determinations of proton leak, @entity1629 mRNA expression, and genetic studies. Despite similar baseline weight and age, @entity353 was 43% greater, mitochondrial proton leak-dependent (state 4) respiration was 51% higher (P = 0.0062), and expression of @entity13514 mRNA abundance was 25% greater (P < 0.001) in diet-responsive than in diet-resistant subjects. There were no differences in @entity5912 mRNA abundance. None of the known polymorphisms in @entity13514 or its 5' flanking sequence were associated with @entity353 or @entity13514 mRNA abundance. Thus, proton leak and the expression of @entity13514 correlate with @entity353 success and may be candidates for pharmacological regulation of fat oxidation in obese diet-resistant subjects.

title: Decreased mitochondrial proton leak and reduced expression of uncoupling protein 3 in skeletal muscle of obese diet-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5912 :: ('7351', 'Gene') :: ['UCP2', 'uncoupling protein (UCP)2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Thirty-five ankles in 34 subjects with non-surgically managed stage 5 (chronic) osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) were reassessed an average of 38 months post diagnosis--88 months post symptom onset. The overall clinical result was rated good or excellent in 54%, fair in 17% and poor in 29%. Six @entity1 opted for surgery--arthroscopic drilling--after a trial of one year of nonsurgical treatment and were therefore rated as poor. Tomogram or CT scans at the time of diagnosis and follow-up were compared in 25 @entity1 . We found no significant change in lesion size and there was a poor correlation between change in lesion size and clinical outcome. X-rays performed at follow-up on 20 @entity1 showed mild degenerative changes in 13 of 20 ankles with OLT. No correlation was found between the presence of degenerative changes and the clinical outcome. We conclude that: 1. Non-surgical management of stage 5 OLT is a viable option with little or no risk of developing significant @entity571 . 2. @entity75 remain radiographically stable. 3. There is a poor correlation between changes in lesion size and clinical outcome. However, the few @entity1 with lesions which decrease significantly in size tend to do well and those with lesions which increase significantly in size do poorly. 4. The development of mild radiographic changes of OA does not correlate with clinical outcome. 5. The general course of stage 5 OLT is benign with over half of the @entity1 improving to good or excellent results with non-surgical management. 6. @entity75 tend to do better than medial ones. 7. Adult onset lesions tend to do better than juvenile onset lesions.

title: Nonoperatively managed stage 5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral lesions', 'Most lesions']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['osteochondral talar lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection for malignant @entity5 is controversial, because they are rare and limited data exist in the literature. HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for malignant @entity5 is safe and effective. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 who had a laparoscopic approach for suspected and unsuspected malignant @entity5 were studied retrospectively. The adrenal mass was suspected to be metastatic if the @entity1 had a history of previous extra-adrenal primary malignancy and/or positive fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings. A primary @entity4304 was suspected if there were positive fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings and/or a malignant adrenal imaging phenotype. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Margins of @entity5 resection, (2) @entity5 recurrence (locoregional, port site, and distant), and (3) disease-free survival. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (15 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) had 24 laparoscopic procedures (20 adrenalectomies, 3 biopsies, and 1 diagnostic laparoscopy). Permanent histologic specimens in the 23 @entity1 showed 5 @entity16663 , 1 undifferentiated @entity4304 , 13 adrenal metastases, 2 @entity706 , and 2 cases with no evidence of @entity5 . Clinically suspected adrenal metastases were true positive in 19 @entity1 (83%). The sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration cytology was 57% (n = 7). Only 1 of 6 @entity1 with primary @entity4304 was suspected to have a @entity5 preoperatively. The @entity5 resection margin was negative in all adrenalectomies. There were 3 locoregional recurrences (2 local and 1 lymph node @entity3 ) in the 6 @entity1 with primary @entity4304 , no port site recurrences, and 4 distant recurrences in 13 @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 . The disease-free survival was 65% at a mean follow-up time of 3.3 years (range, 1-7 years). CONCLUSIONS: A laparoscopic approach in @entity1 with suspected adrenal @entity3 can be both diagnostic and therapeutic, and achieves complete @entity5 resection. In contrast, laparoscopic adrenalectomy for clinically unsuspected @entity16663 is associated with a high recurrence rate. Furthermore, preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology for the evaluation of suspected malignant @entity5 is unreliable.

title: Results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for suspected and unsuspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumors', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical cancer', 'adrenocortical cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant adrenal neoplasms']


abstract: @entity9296 and @entity1085 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity1087 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity7252 and a multilocular @entity5 in the fundus of the @entity1085 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity5 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity1085 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity1085 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity5 involvement, and no @entity5990 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity5 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity6349 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity189 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity5 cells were located in the center of the @entity5 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity5 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity5 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity43 -like @entity361 nor an oncocytic change in @entity5 cells was recognized. @entity1086 showed chronic @entity2679 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity189 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity2355 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 , and @entity189 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity876 protein. The present case indicates that @entity7157 without @entity361 may occur in the @entity1085 of old @entity1 , and suggests that @entity9296 without @entity361 may transform into @entity1085 .

title: @entity7157 with @entity9296 elements of the XXXX in an old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma in the gall bladder', 'cystadenocarcinoma of the gall bladder', 'gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stones']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Non-tumorous gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal stroma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatobiliary cystadenoma', 'hepatobiliary cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gall bladder']


abstract: @entity9296 and @entity1085 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity1087 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity7252 and a multilocular @entity5 in the fundus of the @entity1085 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity5 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity1085 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity1085 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity5 involvement, and no @entity5990 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity5 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity6349 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity189 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity5 cells were located in the center of the @entity5 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity5 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity5 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity43 -like @entity361 nor an oncocytic change in @entity5 cells was recognized. @entity1086 showed chronic @entity2679 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity189 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity2355 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 , and @entity189 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity876 protein. The present case indicates that @entity7157 without @entity361 may occur in the @entity1085 of old @entity1 , and suggests that @entity9296 without @entity361 may transform into @entity1085 .

title: @entity7157 with XXXX elements of the @entity1085 in an old @entity1 .

answer: @entity9296 :: (MESH:D003537,Disease) :: ['cystadenoma']


abstract: @entity9296 and @entity1085 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity1087 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity7252 and a multilocular @entity5 in the fundus of the @entity1085 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity5 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity1085 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity1085 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity5 involvement, and no @entity5990 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity5 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity6349 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity189 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity5 cells were located in the center of the @entity5 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity5 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity5 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity43 -like @entity361 nor an oncocytic change in @entity5 cells was recognized. @entity1086 showed chronic @entity2679 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity189 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity2355 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 , and @entity189 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity876 protein. The present case indicates that @entity7157 without @entity361 may occur in the @entity1085 of old @entity1 , and suggests that @entity9296 without @entity361 may transform into @entity1085 .

title: XXXX with @entity9296 elements of the @entity1085 in an old @entity1 .

answer: @entity7157 :: (MESH:D003536,Disease) :: ['Hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity9296 and @entity1085 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity1087 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity7252 and a multilocular @entity5 in the fundus of the @entity1085 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity5 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity1085 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity1085 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity5 involvement, and no @entity5990 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity5 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity6349 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity189 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity5 cells were located in the center of the @entity5 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity5 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity5 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity43 -like @entity361 nor an oncocytic change in @entity5 cells was recognized. @entity1086 showed chronic @entity2679 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity189 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity2355 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 , and @entity189 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity876 protein. The present case indicates that @entity7157 without @entity361 may occur in the @entity1085 of old @entity1 , and suggests that @entity9296 without @entity361 may transform into @entity1085 .

title: @entity7157 with @entity9296 elements of the @entity1085 in an old XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity213 ( @entity213 ) in regard to correlation with prognostic significance have yielded inconclusive results. To determine whether the microvessel density (MVD) within the @entity5 of advanced (Stages III and IV) @entity213 has any impact on @entity5 response to 2-3 courses of @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) and @entity3003 , we prospectively studied pre-chemotherapy specimens from @entity1 with previously untreated, advanced stage @entity213 . We also attempted to study @entity41 after chemotherapy to determine if the MVD within the @entity5 had changed. STUDY DESIGN: The MVD within the @entity5 was obtained by immunohistochemical staining of the @entity5 with Q-Bend 10 ( @entity2280 ). The "hot-spot" areas of each @entity5 (ie., areas with most intense @entity1503 ) were considered for evaluation. Results were expressed as the Average number of microvessels identified in 5-400x microscope fields (ie., the number of microvessels counted in 5-400x microscope fields divided by 5). SETTING: Tertiary University Medical Center. INTERVENTION: Two to 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Progression-free and overall survival with 5 years follow-up, RESULTS: The tumoral MVD in 32 @entity213 specimens before chemotherapy ranged from 4.0-39.0 (mean, 14.8; median, 14.2). Eight out of 32 @entity1 achieved pathologically complete remission; their tumoral MVD revealed a mean of 10.9. The 24 remaining @entity1 had pathologically-confirmed @entity41 post-chemotherapy; their tumoral MVD revealed a mean of 16.5. CONCLUSION: Statistical analyses revealed no evidence of a relationship between remission and a MVD > or < 10 or > or < 16.5. There was no correlation of tumoral MVD with overall or progression-free survival. In 15 @entity1 , tumoral MVD results were also available on the post-chemotherapy specimens. The greater the difference of the tumoral MVD between the pre- and post-chemotherapy specimens, the shorter the @entity1 overall and progression-free survival (p = 0.042).

title: Microvessel density in advanced XXXX before and after chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: A lot of methods are now available for total plasma @entity1255 (tHcy) determination. Commercial kits using immunoassay, easier to use, begin to supplant in-house laboratory methods. Our aim is to evaluate the interchangeability of tHcy measurements in 9 French hospital laboratories. Six different method types were used: 2 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 2 HPLC with fluorescence detection subdivided in one in-house method and one commercial kit (Bio-Rad ), 3 fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA), 1 enzyme immunoassay, 1 @entity535 analyser, 1 capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection (EC- @entity8020 ). Each laboratory analysed 41 @entity1 's plasma samples in which 8 samples contained added @entity43433 . Results were analysed for imprecision, recovery, and methodological differences. The mean among-laboratory imprecision (CV) ranged from 12.5 to 18% in function of plasma sample type and was identical to the mean among-method variation. In terms of recovery, we obtained underestimated results with immunoassays. The bias relative to the GC-MS method was less than 12.5% except for two laboratories, one using FPIA assay and the other EC- @entity8020 . In conclusion, the interchangeability of tHcy results between laboratories is not satisfactory and does not allow us to evaluate cardiovascular risk linked to moderate increases of tHcy.

title: [Comparison of plasma total XXXX determinations in 9 French hospital laboratories by using 6 different methods].

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity43433 :: ('MESH:D006711', 'Chemical') :: ['homocystine']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal was to analyze the results of resection of @entity14 and liver metastases in one procedure. STUDY DESIGN: Between June 1982 and July 1998, 522 @entity1 underwent liver resection for colorectal metastases. Liver resection was performed simultaneously with colorectal resection in 71 cases, representing the population in this study. Morbidity, mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival times were analyzed. Median followup time was 29 months (range 6 to 162 months). Prognostic factors and their influence on outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The median hospital stay was 8 days (range 5 to 23 days). Morbidity was 21% and included nine @entity1143 , seven wound @entity733 , four instances of @entity1578 , three @entity281 , three intraabdominal @entity733 , and one @entity694 . Operative mortality was 0%. Recurrence rate was 57.7% (41 or 71), and progression of disease was detected in 33.8%. Overall and disease-free survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years were 88%, 45%, and 38% and 67%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. Prognostic factors with notable influence on @entity1 outcomes were nodal stage as per @entity2802 classification, number of liver metastases, diameter (smaller or larger than 5 cm), liver resection specimen weight (lighter or heavier than 90 g), and liver resection margin (smaller or larger than 1 cm). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous resection of @entity14 and liver metastases can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates, avoiding a second surgical procedure.

title: Simultaneous colorectal and hepatic resections for XXXX : postoperative and longterm outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic anastomosis leakage']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: Total @entity16055 mutase (PGM) activity in serum has been shown to be increased in acute @entity583 with the same time course as @entity908 kinase (CK) activity. However, the increase in the muscle (MM) and in the cardiac (MB) PGM isoenzymes was not as high as expected. The present study was undertaken to characterise PGM inactivation by serum and to compare it with serum CK inactivation. METHODS: The PGM and the CK activities of extracts of @entity1 heart, skeletal muscle, and brain were determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with different media, namely: plasma, whole serum, dialysed serum, heated serum, serum ultrafiltrate, urate solution, and buffer solution. RESULTS: Type MM PGM was inactivated by plasma, whole serum, heated serum, dialysed serum, and serum ultrafiltrate. Inactivation in dialysed serum was reduced by @entity1098 and largely reversed by @entity1432 agents. Inactivation in serum ultrafiltrate was not prevented by @entity1098 and only partially reversed by @entity3902 . The muscle and type BB CK isoenzymes were inactivated in all the tested media. The incubation of @entity1 and @entity95 skeletal muscle PGM and CK in urate solution showed that urate does not affect mutase activity under conditions that inactivate CK. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the mechanisms of CK inactivation proposed by others and show that the type M @entity46789 subunit is inactivated by two different mechanisms, which appear to involve the thiol groups of the enzyme. One mechanism is caused by either a protein component or a protein bound serum component and involves @entity460 ions and/or another chelatable metal ion. The other mechanism is caused by a lower molecular weight serum component and is metal ion independent.

title: Inactivation of XXXX mutase and @entity908 kinase isoenzymes in human serum.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16055 :: ('CHEBI:61304', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity16055 :: (CHEBI:61304,Chemical) :: ['phosphoglycerate']


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: Total @entity16055 mutase (PGM) activity in serum has been shown to be increased in acute @entity583 with the same time course as @entity908 kinase (CK) activity. However, the increase in the muscle (MM) and in the cardiac (MB) PGM isoenzymes was not as high as expected. The present study was undertaken to characterise PGM inactivation by serum and to compare it with serum CK inactivation. METHODS: The PGM and the CK activities of extracts of @entity1 heart, skeletal muscle, and brain were determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with different media, namely: plasma, whole serum, dialysed serum, heated serum, serum ultrafiltrate, urate solution, and buffer solution. RESULTS: Type MM PGM was inactivated by plasma, whole serum, heated serum, dialysed serum, and serum ultrafiltrate. Inactivation in dialysed serum was reduced by @entity1098 and largely reversed by @entity1432 agents. Inactivation in serum ultrafiltrate was not prevented by @entity1098 and only partially reversed by @entity3902 . The muscle and type BB CK isoenzymes were inactivated in all the tested media. The incubation of @entity1 and @entity95 skeletal muscle PGM and CK in urate solution showed that urate does not affect mutase activity under conditions that inactivate CK. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the mechanisms of CK inactivation proposed by others and show that the type M @entity46789 subunit is inactivated by two different mechanisms, which appear to involve the thiol groups of the enzyme. One mechanism is caused by either a protein component or a protein bound serum component and involves @entity460 ions and/or another chelatable metal ion. The other mechanism is caused by a lower molecular weight serum component and is metal ion independent.

title: Inactivation of @entity16055 mutase and XXXX kinase isoenzymes in human serum.

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: AIM: To review the imaging findings of @entity6 , and document the colour flow ultrasound and MR imaging features in this benign condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity6 was clinically and histologically diagnosed in eight lesions in six @entity1 . All six @entity1 underwent conventional mammography and high frequency grey-scale ultrasound. Colour flow ultrasound was performed additionally in six lesions in four @entity1 and MR imaging in four lesions in three @entity1 before biopsy. The imaging findings were reviewed and correlated with final histological diagnosis. RESULTS: Mammography showed regional asymmetric increased opacity with ill-defined margins in all lesions. A heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with ill-defined margins was identified on high frequency grey-scale ultrasound in all lesions. Marked posterior acoustic shadowing was present in seven of eight (88%) lesions. Six lesions interrogated with colour flow ultrasound showed absence of Doppler signal. MR imaging in three @entity1 revealed non-specific stromal enhancement. CONCLUSION: @entity6 shows absence of Doppler signal on colour flow ultrasound and non-specific stromal enhancement on MR imaging.

title: Ultrasound and MR imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic mastopathy', 'diabetic mastopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic mastopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report an experience with helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography as the initial procedure to rule out @entity455 caused by penetrating @entity9389 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 27 months, 175 @entity1 were referred for helical CT angiography of the neck because of clinical suspicion of @entity1317 . The protocol included a 100-mL bolus of nonionic contrast material injected at 4.5 mL/sec, with 11-second scanning delay, 3-mm collimation, and pitch of 1.3-2.0. CT images were interpreted prospectively by the emergency radiologist, and two radiologists retrospectively interpreted studies with consensus. Outcome was determined with examination of @entity1 and their charts. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: Studies in two @entity1 were considered inadequate for diagnosis; these @entity1 were referred for conventional arteriography and had normal findings. In 27 @entity1 (15.6%), @entity455 were detected. One @entity1 had two @entity1317 . Lesions demonstrated with helical CT angiography were @entity432 (n = 14), @entity2849 (n = 8), @entity2849 and arteriovenous fistulae (n = 4), and partial @entity715 (n = 2). The remaining 146 @entity1 had normal arteries. On the basis of these findings, @entity1 were treated with surgery (n = 21), endovascular intervention (n = 7), and observation alone (n = 146). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that helical CT angiography can be used as the initial method for evaluation in @entity1 with possible @entity1317 of the neck.

title: Penetrating XXXX : helical CT angiography for initial evaluation.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injuries']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity9389 :: (MESH:D019838,Disease) :: ['neck injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine and report the spectrum of ultrasonographic appearances of @entity43 ( @entity43 ) without shadowing in otherwise normal ovaries and the histopathologic and physical characteristics of these foci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The appearances of foci on transvaginal pelvic sonograms obtained in 189 @entity1 with @entity43 were prospectively analyzed. The foci were classified according to bilaterality, size, number (<5, 5-10, or >10), and location (peripheral, central, or diffuse). At histopathologic analysis, resected normal ovaries, seven with and 10 without echogenic foci, in a water bath were scanned. The foci were then localized for histopathologic correlation. To assess the physical properties of the foci, tissue-mimicking water- and @entity653 -based phantoms, with voids of different diameters, in a water bath were scanned with 8- and 70-MHz transducers. RESULTS: At appearance analysis, @entity43 (mean diameter, 1.8 mm +/- 0.6 [SD]) were detected unilaterally in 103 (54.5%) of 189 @entity1 . @entity43 were distributed peripherally in 183 (66.5%), centrally in 15 (5.5%), and diffusely in 77 (28.0%) of 275 ovaries. There were fewer than five foci in 123 (44.7%), five to 10 foci in 91 (33.1%), and more than 10 foci in 61 (22.2%) of 275 ovaries. At histopathologic analysis of the seven ovaries with @entity43 , the foci had tiny cysts with no evidence of @entity730 . A single cyst cluster was identified in two of 10 ovaries that did not have echogenic foci. At physical property analysis, single echogenic foci were associated with specular reflection from the walls of unresolved cysts that were comparable in size to the ultrasound wavelength (about 0.50 mm). CONCLUSION: @entity43 without shadowing are caused by a specular reflection from the walls of tiny unresolved benign cysts rather than by psammomatous @entity730 .

title: Echogenic ovarian foci without shadowing: are they caused by psammomatous XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['echogenic ovarian foci', 'EOF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcifications']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The long-term outcome of @entity1 treated with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) remains unknown and is being evaluated. We sought to assess the feasibility and utility of contrast-enhanced MR angiography in the follow-up of anterior communicating @entity438 treated with GDCs. METHODS: In a prospective study, 20 consecutive @entity1 with AcomA @entity439 underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA), time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA), and contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) 12 months after treatment with GDCs. The aneurysmal sac measured less than 10 mm in 19 @entity1 and 12 mm in one @entity1 . Two observers who did not analyze the DSA images independently reviewed the MRA images. @entity439 were classified according to the presence of a residual neck (ie, @entity432 , small residual neck, large residual neck, or not assessable). DSA was used as the standard of reference. RESULTS: Images from all examinations were assessable. Venous enhancement was observed in five cases at contrast-enhanced MRA; this did not affect image interpretation. Interobserver agreement was good. A comparison of the techniques showed good agreement in the detection of a residual neck. Two cases of a small residual neck were not detected at TOF-MRA, and one case of @entity432 was misclassified as a small residual neck at contrast-enhanced MRA. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that contrast-enhanced MRA is a valuable method for the follow-up of @entity439 in the AcomA after their treatment with GDCs. Further studies with @entity439 locations and larger groups are required to determine the exact role of this technique.

title: XXXX treated with Guglielmi detachable coils: follow-up with contrast-enhanced MR angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['multiple aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['complete occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery (AcomA) aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Blood flow within the middle cerebral artery can be monitored by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. @entity2791 can produce turbulent flow, but controversy remains regarding the @entity850 needed to cause TCD-detectable turbulence. Furthermore, @entity999 and turbulent flow may coexist in the same @entity1 . The current study was designed to study the relationship between stenotic degree and TCD-detectable turbulent flow and its differentiation from @entity999 . METHODS: A stenotic middle cerebral artery model was constructed to allow the study of different degrees of @entity850 . TCD was used to detect the turbulent flow and embolic materials in the circulation model, and signal intensities were analyzed. RESULTS: Turbulent flow was generated with a series of short, asymmetric stenoses in this test. Transition of turbulence from laminar flow began to occur at a moderate @entity850 (55% reduction of cross-sectional area) but became dampened at the high degrees of stenoses (>/=75%). Turbulence caused a notable increase in average Doppler signal intensity. However, the @entity850 was not associated with signal intensity at the region where turbulence existed, but rather was related to the mean flow velocity measured at the narrowed region. Embolic materials such as air bubbles (30 micro m) and platelet-rich clots (100 micro m) had notably higher Doppler signal intensity than that produced by turbulence. CONCLUSION: TCD-detectable turbulence predominantly developed at a moderate @entity2791 and its acoustic signature with TCD is different from that caused by air bubbles and platelet-rich clots.

title: Turbulence and circulating XXXX detectable at Doppler ultrasonography: a differentiation study in a stenotic middle cerebral artery model.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['degree of stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis', 'Arterial stenosis']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['cerebral emboli']


abstract: Topotecan, a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, is an established treatment for @entity1 with recurrent @entity151 ( @entity151 ), with antitumor response rates of approximately 20% and median survival of approximately 32 weeks in @entity1 with @entity5 . Topotecan's comparable activity relative to other agents used in @entity151 and its novel mechanism of action, noncumulative @entity137 , and in vitro synergy with other active agents have provided the rationale for investigating topotecan in first-line therapy. Furthermore, topotecan penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is potentially useful for the relatively large subset of @entity1 with @entity151 and brain metastases. In early studies of topotecan in brain metastases, encouraging antitumor activity has been observed. In several feasibility and phase II studies of topotecan as single-agent therapy in @entity1 with extensive- and limited-stage @entity5 and as part of novel first-line combination regimens, overall response rates have ranged from 42% to 100%. Complete responses of 3%-67% and partial responses of 33%-80% have been observed in first-line therapy. Furthermore, the median overall survival in @entity1 receiving topotecan in first-line therapy has ranged from approximately 8 months ( @entity5 ) to 20 months (limited-stage disease). The most frequent adverse events associated with topotecan-based regimens include grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 that often require the incorporation of growth factor support into the treatment regimen. Nonhematologic adverse events associated with topotecan-based combination regimens have been mild or primarily attributed to other agents in the combination. Alternative doses and schedules (3 consecutive days and weekly) are being explored because they appear to be associated with considerably less myelosuppression. Although several trials have established the feasibility and activity of topotecan in first-line therapy of @entity1 with @entity151 , randomized phase III studies with comparison to standard therapy will be required to confirm a potential role for this active agent and to determine the optimal dosing regimen.

title: Emerging role of topotecan in first-line therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extensive-stage disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and @entity65 after noncardiac surgery. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated @entity1 referred for noncardiac surgery. The ABI was performed before surgery. @entity1 with abnormal ABI ( <=0.9) were included in the @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) group and the remaining constituted the control group. Cardiac troponin and electrocardiogram were obtained 72 hours after surgery. @entity1 were followed up to 30 days, and primary end point was the occurrence of any cardiovascular event: @entity65 , @entity1187 , isolated troponin elevation (ITE), decompensated @entity712 , @entity1455 , unstable @entity943 , nonfatal @entity1167 , @entity3126 , @entity64 , or @entity3657 symptoms increase. RESULTS: We evaluated 124 @entity1 (61.3% male; mean age 65.4 years). During the study, 57.9% of @entity1 in the @entity3657 group had an event versus 25.7% in the control group (P = .011). The ITE was the most observed event (24.2%). After logistic regression, the odds ratio for ITE was 7.4 (95% confidence interval 2.2-25.0, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 submitted to noncardiac surgery, abnormal ABI is associated with a higher occurrence of a cardiovascular event.

title: The Ankle-Brachial Index is Associated With XXXX After Noncardiac Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Complications']


abstract: @entity1919 potentiates @entity413 -stimulated insulin release and mediates the stimulatory effects of hormones such as @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) on pancreatic beta-cells. By inhibition of @entity268 -degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) and, in particular, selective inhibition of @entity14888 activity, stimulatory effects on insulin secretion have been observed. Molecular and functional information on beta-cell @entity14888 is, however, scarce. To provide such information, we have studied the specific effects of the @entity21253 isoform by adenovirus-mediated overexpression. In @entity35 islets and @entity35 @entity9608 cells, approximate 10-fold overexpression of @entity21253 was accompanied by a 6-8-fold increase in membrane-associated @entity21253 activity. The @entity268 concentration was significantly lowered in transduced cells ( @entity2833 (832/13)), and insulin secretion in response to stimulation with high @entity413 (11.1 mm) was reduced by 40% (islets) and 50% ( @entity2833 ). Further, the ability of @entity15212 (100 nm) to augment @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited by approximately 30% (islets) and 70% ( @entity2833 ). Accordingly, when stimulating with @entity268 , a substantial decrease (65%) in exocytotic capacity was demonstrated in patch-clamped single beta-cells. In untransduced @entity9608 cells, application of the @entity14888 -selective inhibitor @entity32237 (10 microm) was shown to increase @entity413 -stimulated insulin release as well as @entity268 -enhanced exocytosis. The findings suggest a significant role of @entity21253 as an important regulator of insulin secretory processes.

title: Important role of XXXX for the stimulatory action of @entity268 on pancreatic beta-cell exocytosis and release of insulin.

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity21253 :: (29516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['phosphodiesterase 3B']


abstract: @entity1919 potentiates @entity413 -stimulated insulin release and mediates the stimulatory effects of hormones such as @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) on pancreatic beta-cells. By inhibition of @entity268 -degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) and, in particular, selective inhibition of @entity14888 activity, stimulatory effects on insulin secretion have been observed. Molecular and functional information on beta-cell @entity14888 is, however, scarce. To provide such information, we have studied the specific effects of the @entity21253 isoform by adenovirus-mediated overexpression. In @entity35 islets and @entity35 @entity9608 cells, approximate 10-fold overexpression of @entity21253 was accompanied by a 6-8-fold increase in membrane-associated @entity21253 activity. The @entity268 concentration was significantly lowered in transduced cells ( @entity2833 (832/13)), and insulin secretion in response to stimulation with high @entity413 (11.1 mm) was reduced by 40% (islets) and 50% ( @entity2833 ). Further, the ability of @entity15212 (100 nm) to augment @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited by approximately 30% (islets) and 70% ( @entity2833 ). Accordingly, when stimulating with @entity268 , a substantial decrease (65%) in exocytotic capacity was demonstrated in patch-clamped single beta-cells. In untransduced @entity9608 cells, application of the @entity14888 -selective inhibitor @entity32237 (10 microm) was shown to increase @entity413 -stimulated insulin release as well as @entity268 -enhanced exocytosis. The findings suggest a significant role of @entity21253 as an important regulator of insulin secretory processes.

title: Important role of @entity21253 for the stimulatory action of XXXX on pancreatic beta-cell exocytosis and release of insulin.

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: Vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory @entity1813 generated after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) may contribute to cerebral vasomotor disturbances and @entity179 . We evaluated the balance of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor @entity1813 produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, and determined their role on cortical perfusion, functional outcome, and @entity179 after pediatric asphyxial @entity1167 . @entity1167 of 9 and 12 minutes was induced in 16- to 18-day-old @entity35 . At 5 and 120 minutes after @entity1167 , we quantified the concentration of CYP @entity1813 in the cortex and subcortical areas. In separate @entity35 , we inhibited @entity15759 ( @entity15759 ) synthesis after @entity1167 and assessed cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), @entity51 score, @entity179 , and @entity4 . After 9 minutes of @entity1167 , vasodilator @entity1813 markedly increased versus sham. Conversely, after 12 minutes of @entity1167 , vasoconstrictor eicosanoid @entity15759 increased versus sham, without compensatory increases in vasodilator @entity1813 . Inhibition of @entity15759 synthesis after 12 minutes of @entity1167 decreased cortical @entity15759 levels, increased CBF, reduced @entity51 at 3 hours, and reduced @entity179 and @entity4 at 48 hours versus vehicle-treated @entity35 . In conclusion, cerebral vasoconstrictor @entity1813 increased after a pediatric @entity1167 of 12 minutes. Inhibition of @entity15759 synthesis improved cortical perfusion and short-term neurologic outcome. These results suggest that alterations in CYP @entity1813 have a role in @entity1779 and @entity179 after @entity1167 and may represent important therapeutic targets.

title: @entity15759 Inhibition by HET0016 Offers Neuroprotection, Decreases XXXX , and Increases Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow in a Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity15759 :: ('MESH:C055987', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', '20-HETE']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Edema']


abstract: Vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory @entity1813 generated after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) may contribute to cerebral vasomotor disturbances and @entity179 . We evaluated the balance of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor @entity1813 produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, and determined their role on cortical perfusion, functional outcome, and @entity179 after pediatric asphyxial @entity1167 . @entity1167 of 9 and 12 minutes was induced in 16- to 18-day-old @entity35 . At 5 and 120 minutes after @entity1167 , we quantified the concentration of CYP @entity1813 in the cortex and subcortical areas. In separate @entity35 , we inhibited @entity15759 ( @entity15759 ) synthesis after @entity1167 and assessed cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), @entity51 score, @entity179 , and @entity4 . After 9 minutes of @entity1167 , vasodilator @entity1813 markedly increased versus sham. Conversely, after 12 minutes of @entity1167 , vasoconstrictor eicosanoid @entity15759 increased versus sham, without compensatory increases in vasodilator @entity1813 . Inhibition of @entity15759 synthesis after 12 minutes of @entity1167 decreased cortical @entity15759 levels, increased CBF, reduced @entity51 at 3 hours, and reduced @entity179 and @entity4 at 48 hours versus vehicle-treated @entity35 . In conclusion, cerebral vasoconstrictor @entity1813 increased after a pediatric @entity1167 of 12 minutes. Inhibition of @entity15759 synthesis improved cortical perfusion and short-term neurologic outcome. These results suggest that alterations in CYP @entity1813 have a role in @entity1779 and @entity179 after @entity1167 and may represent important therapeutic targets.

title: XXXX Inhibition by HET0016 Offers Neuroprotection, Decreases @entity4 , and Increases Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow in a Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model in @entity35 .

answer: @entity15759 :: (MESH:C055987,Chemical) :: ['20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid']


abstract: Vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory @entity1813 generated after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) may contribute to cerebral vasomotor disturbances and @entity179 . We evaluated the balance of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor @entity1813 produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, and determined their role on cortical perfusion, functional outcome, and @entity179 after pediatric asphyxial @entity1167 . @entity1167 of 9 and 12 minutes was induced in 16- to 18-day-old @entity35 . At 5 and 120 minutes after @entity1167 , we quantified the concentration of CYP @entity1813 in the cortex and subcortical areas. In separate @entity35 , we inhibited @entity15759 ( @entity15759 ) synthesis after @entity1167 and assessed cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), @entity51 score, @entity179 , and @entity4 . After 9 minutes of @entity1167 , vasodilator @entity1813 markedly increased versus sham. Conversely, after 12 minutes of @entity1167 , vasoconstrictor eicosanoid @entity15759 increased versus sham, without compensatory increases in vasodilator @entity1813 . Inhibition of @entity15759 synthesis after 12 minutes of @entity1167 decreased cortical @entity15759 levels, increased CBF, reduced @entity51 at 3 hours, and reduced @entity179 and @entity4 at 48 hours versus vehicle-treated @entity35 . In conclusion, cerebral vasoconstrictor @entity1813 increased after a pediatric @entity1167 of 12 minutes. Inhibition of @entity15759 synthesis improved cortical perfusion and short-term neurologic outcome. These results suggest that alterations in CYP @entity1813 have a role in @entity1779 and @entity179 after @entity1167 and may represent important therapeutic targets.

title: @entity15759 Inhibition by HET0016 Offers Neuroprotection, Decreases @entity4 , and Increases Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow in a Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: This report presents three cases of atypical @entity303 in order to illustrate challenges associated with the use of biologic markers of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) for diagnosis and management. Clinical diagnostic methods followed the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for @entity195 . Additional diagnostic studies included serial neurocognitive testing, MRI, neuroSPECT, @entity2204 genotyping, and a CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42). For @entity1 1, both the clinical and biologic markers were consistent with @entity195 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity195 with a high degree of confidence, even though the base rate of nonfamilial @entity195 at this age group (<55 years) is exceedingly rare. This case argues favorably for the use of biologic markers to aid in confirming a diagnosis in an atypical @entity303 . @entity1 2 met the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for @entity195 , although with less confidence. Neurocognitive data indicated a progressive @entity385 , insight was preserved, and @entity2204 was 3/3, but tau concentrations and beta-amyloid(42) were highly consistent with cut-offs for @entity195 ; the differential fell on the @entity8637 's disease/frontotemporal degeneration spectrum. @entity1 3 had no clinical evidence of the disease, even when evaluated via extensive neurocognitive testing over a 2-year interval. However, @entity2204 was 4/4, and CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42) were within the @entity195 range. Therefore, while the CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42) markers was confirmatory of @entity195 , each case was highly atypical. Results illustrate the lack of normative data available when using biologic markers for highly atypical cases, calling into question their usefulness for such @entity1 . These cases illustrate the interplay between neuropsychological and biological markers in establishing neurodegenerative diagnoses.

title: Diagnostic challenges of using CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42) in atypical XXXX of the Alzheimer type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia', 'degenerative dementias']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['right hemispheric syndrome']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['degenerative dementias']


abstract: Despite similar early clinical events, @entity1 who undergo treatment of small vessels are at an increased risk for @entity75 revascularization (TLR) after coronary artery stenting. We sought to determine predictors of TLR after stent implantation in small coronary arteries. We identified 423 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity5642 ( @entity5642 )-guided small vessel stenting procedures in 465 coronary lesions with an angiographic reference vessel diameter of <2.75 mm. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on a final @entity5642 lumen area of < or =6.0 mm2 (n=345 lesions, group I) and >6.0 mm2 (n=115, group II). Baseline @entity1 characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were similar between the 2 groups, except for a higher rate of @entity75 in group I and bifurcation lesions in group II. Group I had higher TLR rates at 1 year compared with group II @entity1 (39% vs 26%, p = 0.02). The TLR rate appeared to decrease with greater stent expansion, especially at >90% of the reference vessel area, as assessed by @entity5642 . By multivariate analysis, an @entity5642 final stent area of < or =6 mm2, @entity6 , absence of prior @entity583 , and history of intervention were independent predictors of 1-year TLR in this population. Final stent area of >6.0 mm2 and greater stent expansion were associated with a decrease in TLR. Therefore, there does not appear to be any "downside" to aggressive stent implantation strategies in small vessels. In contrast, @entity5642 allows maximization of final lumen dimensions to minimize clinical restenosis.

title: Optimal final lumen area and predictors of XXXX revascularization after stent implantation in small coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenotic lesions', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['target lesion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plantar @entity9156 , the most common cause of @entity158 in the inferior heel, accounts for 11% to 15% of all foot symptoms requiring professional care among adults. The present study reports the results of a minimally invasive surgical treatment of @entity3444 . All @entity1 with @entity3444 who had undergone percutaneous @entity1411 at 3 clinical sites from March 2008 to March 2009 were included in the present study. The follow-up evaluations for this treatment were conducted using the Mayo clinical scoring system. We investigated 17 @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity3444 who had undergone this treatment within a follow-up period of >= 13 months. All procedures were performed in the clinic with the @entity1 under local anesthesia. No wound @entity1503 occurred. At a mean follow-up period of 16.0      2.29 (range 13 to 21) months, significant improvement was seen in the preoperative mean Mayo score (from 12.06      2.54 to 89.76      4.28, p  <  .001) and no @entity1 had developed symptom recurrence. Also, none of the @entity1 had developed @entity158 . All @entity1 were able to return to regular shoe wear by 3  weeks postoperatively. The technique of @entity3444 with percutaneous @entity1411 could be a promising treatment option for @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity3444 .

title: Treatment of @entity3444 With Percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plantar fasciitis', 'plantar fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['infections or blood vessel or nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'complex regional pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['latticed plantar fasciotomy']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['Latticed Plantar Fasciotomy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plantar @entity9156 , the most common cause of @entity158 in the inferior heel, accounts for 11% to 15% of all foot symptoms requiring professional care among adults. The present study reports the results of a minimally invasive surgical treatment of @entity3444 . All @entity1 with @entity3444 who had undergone percutaneous @entity1411 at 3 clinical sites from March 2008 to March 2009 were included in the present study. The follow-up evaluations for this treatment were conducted using the Mayo clinical scoring system. We investigated 17 @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity3444 who had undergone this treatment within a follow-up period of >= 13 months. All procedures were performed in the clinic with the @entity1 under local anesthesia. No wound @entity1503 occurred. At a mean follow-up period of 16.0      2.29 (range 13 to 21) months, significant improvement was seen in the preoperative mean Mayo score (from 12.06      2.54 to 89.76      4.28, p  <  .001) and no @entity1 had developed symptom recurrence. Also, none of the @entity1 had developed @entity158 . All @entity1 were able to return to regular shoe wear by 3  weeks postoperatively. The technique of @entity3444 with percutaneous @entity1411 could be a promising treatment option for @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity3444 .

title: Treatment of XXXX With Percutaneous @entity1411 .

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['Chronic Plantar Fasciitis']


abstract: Sulfation is an important metabolic pathway in @entity1 for xenobiotics, hormones and neurotransmitters, and is catalysed by the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. @entity3971 SULTs, especially @entity4913 , are particularly important in xenobiotic and drug metabolism because of their broad substrate specificity and extensive tissue distribution. A common variant @entity4913 allozyme ( @entity4913 *2) exists in the population, and is less stable than the wild-type @entity4913 *1. @entity11921 is widely used as a substrate for quantifying @entity4913 activity. However, our kinetic experiments suggest that @entity11921 is not an ideal substrate when determining @entity4913 activity in @entity1 liver. Assays with a bank of 68 @entity1 liver cytosols revealed three distinct kinetic profiles for @entity11921 sulfation in the population: linear, biphasic and inhibition. Sulfation of @entity11921 by purified, recombinant @entity4913 *1 and @entity4913 *2 shows marked substrate inhibition, with inhibition at @entity11921 concentrations greater than 4 and 10 microM, respectively. Furthermore, sulfation of @entity11921 by purified recombinant @entity70552 was significant at concentrations of @entity11921 less than 10 microM. Western blots showed that the @entity4913 levels in liver are highly variable between liver samples and that no correlation was observed between @entity4913 activity and protein level in liver cytosols. However, a correlation between @entity4913 activity and protein level was observed in @entity1 placental cytosols, where @entity70552 is not expressed. We believe that in @entity1 liver other SULT isoforms (particularly @entity70552 ) contribute to the sulfation of @entity11921 . Therefore, @entity11921 is not an ideal substrate with which to quantitate @entity4913 activity in @entity1 liver tissue.

title: @entity3971 sulfotransferase 1A1 activity in @entity1 liver: kinetic properties, interindividual variation and re-evaluation of the suitability of XXXX as a probe substrate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Nitrophenol', '4-nitrophenol']

answer: @entity11921 :: (MESH:C024836,Chemical) :: ['4-nitrophenol']


abstract: Sulfation is an important metabolic pathway in @entity1 for xenobiotics, hormones and neurotransmitters, and is catalysed by the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. @entity3971 SULTs, especially @entity4913 , are particularly important in xenobiotic and drug metabolism because of their broad substrate specificity and extensive tissue distribution. A common variant @entity4913 allozyme ( @entity4913 *2) exists in the population, and is less stable than the wild-type @entity4913 *1. @entity11921 is widely used as a substrate for quantifying @entity4913 activity. However, our kinetic experiments suggest that @entity11921 is not an ideal substrate when determining @entity4913 activity in @entity1 liver. Assays with a bank of 68 @entity1 liver cytosols revealed three distinct kinetic profiles for @entity11921 sulfation in the population: linear, biphasic and inhibition. Sulfation of @entity11921 by purified, recombinant @entity4913 *1 and @entity4913 *2 shows marked substrate inhibition, with inhibition at @entity11921 concentrations greater than 4 and 10 microM, respectively. Furthermore, sulfation of @entity11921 by purified recombinant @entity70552 was significant at concentrations of @entity11921 less than 10 microM. Western blots showed that the @entity4913 levels in liver are highly variable between liver samples and that no correlation was observed between @entity4913 activity and protein level in liver cytosols. However, a correlation between @entity4913 activity and protein level was observed in @entity1 placental cytosols, where @entity70552 is not expressed. We believe that in @entity1 liver other SULT isoforms (particularly @entity70552 ) contribute to the sulfation of @entity11921 . Therefore, @entity11921 is not an ideal substrate with which to quantitate @entity4913 activity in @entity1 liver tissue.

title: XXXX sulfotransferase 1A1 activity in @entity1 liver: kinetic properties, interindividual variation and re-evaluation of the suitability of @entity11921 as a probe substrate.

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['Phenol']


abstract: Sulfation is an important metabolic pathway in @entity1 for xenobiotics, hormones and neurotransmitters, and is catalysed by the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. @entity3971 SULTs, especially @entity4913 , are particularly important in xenobiotic and drug metabolism because of their broad substrate specificity and extensive tissue distribution. A common variant @entity4913 allozyme ( @entity4913 *2) exists in the population, and is less stable than the wild-type @entity4913 *1. @entity11921 is widely used as a substrate for quantifying @entity4913 activity. However, our kinetic experiments suggest that @entity11921 is not an ideal substrate when determining @entity4913 activity in @entity1 liver. Assays with a bank of 68 @entity1 liver cytosols revealed three distinct kinetic profiles for @entity11921 sulfation in the population: linear, biphasic and inhibition. Sulfation of @entity11921 by purified, recombinant @entity4913 *1 and @entity4913 *2 shows marked substrate inhibition, with inhibition at @entity11921 concentrations greater than 4 and 10 microM, respectively. Furthermore, sulfation of @entity11921 by purified recombinant @entity70552 was significant at concentrations of @entity11921 less than 10 microM. Western blots showed that the @entity4913 levels in liver are highly variable between liver samples and that no correlation was observed between @entity4913 activity and protein level in liver cytosols. However, a correlation between @entity4913 activity and protein level was observed in @entity1 placental cytosols, where @entity70552 is not expressed. We believe that in @entity1 liver other SULT isoforms (particularly @entity70552 ) contribute to the sulfation of @entity11921 . Therefore, @entity11921 is not an ideal substrate with which to quantitate @entity4913 activity in @entity1 liver tissue.

title: @entity3971 sulfotransferase 1A1 activity in XXXX liver: kinetic properties, interindividual variation and re-evaluation of the suitability of @entity11921 as a probe substrate.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The most important pathological feature of @entity565 is @entity32 , which results in airway hyper-responsiveness. We hypothesized that excessive oxidation is likely to contribute to @entity32 in @entity565 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of both acute exposure and a 30-day administration of @entity620 (AA), which has an antioxidant effect, on airway responsiveness in sensitized @entity840 . METHODOLOGY: @entity840 sensitized to ovalbumin (OA), were given drinking water without AA (group 2) or with AA (group 3). The responses of tracheal chains of control animals (group 1) and both groups of sensitized @entity840 (n = 10, for all groups) to cumulative concentrations of @entity2710 were measured, and the effective concentrations of @entity2710 causing 50% of maximum response (EC50 M) were obtained. The response of tracheal chains to 0.1% OA, relative to contraction obtained with 10 micro mol/L @entity2710 , was also measured. The tracheal responses to @entity2710 and OA were measured on tissues both incubated and not incubated with AA. RESULTS: The tracheal responses of group 2 tissues were significantly greater than those of groups 1 and 3 to both OA and @entity2710 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tracheal responses to OA and @entity2710 between groups 1 and 3. Acute incubation of tissues caused a reduction of tracheal response to @entity2710 in all groups, but this was only significantly differ-ent for group 3 (P < 0.05). Acute incubation of tissues did not change tracheal response to OA significantly. CONCLUSION: These results showed that although short-term administration of AA had no major effect on tracheal responsiveness among sensitized animals, 30-day administration of AA could lead to a decrease in airway responsiveness of sensitized @entity840 to both OA and @entity2710 .

title: Effect of XXXX on airway responsiveness in ovalbumin sensitized @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']