abstract: Intravenous injection often causes vasc @entity1317 h as veno @entity146 sc @entity158 d phle @entity3527 sc @entity1317 eriorates the pati @entity1 OL and sometimes limits the continuation of injection therapy. Pharmaceutical intervention and pharmacological mechanisms used to reduce vasc @entity1317 uced by vino @entity1206 epir @entity1259 e reviewed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the dose of vino @entity1206 40 mg) was a significant predictor for veno @entity146 teration of the volume of normal saline for vino @entity1206 solution, from 50 to 100 mL, significantly decreased the grade of veno @entity146 the other hand, the phle @entity3527 res were significantly higher in pati @entity1 ated with epir @entity1259 dy-to-use solution compared with lyophilized powder. The change of formulation of epir @entity1259 lyophilized powder decreased the risk of veno @entity146 e concentration inducing 50% cell viability inhibition was lower in the order of vesicant, irritant, and nonvesicant drugs on porcine aorta endothelial cells (PAECs), suggesting that the injuring effects of anticancer drugs on PAECs may be relevant as an indicator of the frequency of their vasc @entity1317 e exposure to vino @entity1206 PAECs rapidly depleted intracellular glut @entity2041 els and increased intracellular reactive oxyg @entity26 cies production. Moreover, exposure to epir @entity1259 reased intracellular lipid pero @entity2625 els and enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 @entity1435 ogen-activated protein kinase. These results demonstrate that oxidative stress plays an important role in vino @entity1206 d epir @entity1259 uced endo @entity130 d may therefore increase the potential for vasc @entity1317 n intravenous injection.

title: Pharmacological Study and Pharmaceutical Intervention to Reduce Intravenous Injection-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['venous irritation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vascular pain']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular injury', 'vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Vascular Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate whether @entity1 and spouse @entity5 mediated the association between @entity5 severity and occupational functioning among employed spouses of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 . We examined whether sociodemographic characteristics, lower spouse-reported marital quality, and lower spouse self-rated health were associated with poorer spouse occupational functioning. METHODS: One hundred forty-three currently employed spouses of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 were administered measures of socioeconomic status, occupational functioning (work absenteeism, low productivity, and poor performance), @entity5 , marital quality, and self-rated health. @entity1 completed measures of @entity5 -related @entity73 and @entity5 stage were collected from medical charts. RESULTS: In the model evaluating work absenteeism, greater @entity1 functional impairment was associated with more absenteeism, but there was no evidence of a mediating effect for either partners' @entity5 . Higher @entity5 stage and more functional impairment were associated with higher spouse @entity5 , which in turn predicted poorer work productivity. @entity1 @entity5 did not mediate the association between @entity1 functional impairment or @entity5 stage and spouse work productivity. Finally, higher @entity5 stage was associated with more spouse @entity5 , which in turn predicted poorer work performance. There were no direct or indirect effects of the @entity1 's functional impairment on spouse work performance. CONCLUSIONS: Distressed spouses are more likely to have poorer work productivity after their partners' @entity0 . These spouses may need assistance in managing their distress and the @entity1 's functional impairment to ensure that their work productivity is not adversely affected. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Psychological distress as a mediator of the association between disease severity and occupational functioning among employed spouses of @entity1 recently diagnosed with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['distress and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-specific distress']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate whether @entity1 and spouse @entity5 mediated the association between @entity5 severity and occupational functioning among employed spouses of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 . We examined whether sociodemographic characteristics, lower spouse-reported marital quality, and lower spouse self-rated health were associated with poorer spouse occupational functioning. METHODS: One hundred forty-three currently employed spouses of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 were administered measures of socioeconomic status, occupational functioning (work absenteeism, low productivity, and poor performance), @entity5 , marital quality, and self-rated health. @entity1 completed measures of @entity5 -related @entity73 and @entity5 stage were collected from medical charts. RESULTS: In the model evaluating work absenteeism, greater @entity1 functional impairment was associated with more absenteeism, but there was no evidence of a mediating effect for either partners' @entity5 . Higher @entity5 stage and more functional impairment were associated with higher spouse @entity5 , which in turn predicted poorer work productivity. @entity1 @entity5 did not mediate the association between @entity1 functional impairment or @entity5 stage and spouse work productivity. Finally, higher @entity5 stage was associated with more spouse @entity5 , which in turn predicted poorer work performance. There were no direct or indirect effects of the @entity1 's functional impairment on spouse work performance. CONCLUSIONS: Distressed spouses are more likely to have poorer work productivity after their partners' @entity0 . These spouses may need assistance in managing their distress and the @entity1 's functional impairment to ensure that their work productivity is not adversely affected. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Psychological distress as a mediator of the association between disease severity and occupational functioning among employed spouses of XXXX recently diagnosed with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fewer than 4% of @entity977 are @entity5 . These @entity5 predominantly represent metastatic disease from elsewhere. This study evaluates inpatient complications, demographics, and hospitalization characteristics of @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for @entity4611 . METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was evaluated for @entity1104 @entity1 from 1998 to 2010. Demographics, hospitalization characteristics, and complications were evaluated among @entity1 with @entity5 and compared to those with @entity5 . RESULTS: There were 17,425 inpatient records, 1.0% of which involved @entity977 . There was no difference in age between these cohorts (p = 0.378). @entity1 with @entity5 had greater length of stay (6.7 days vs 4.5 days, p = 0.003) and higher trending charges ( 55,371 vs  40,550 p = 0.091). The most common @entity260 among @entity1 with @entity5 included @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ) (17.9%), fluid/electrolyte abnormalities (14.0%), @entity16 (5.6%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity5254 (2.2%), and @entity4611 (2.2%). @entity1 with @entity5 had a significantly greater rates of postoperative @entity2010 and fluid/electrolyte abnormalities (odds ratio = 2.0 and 1.7, respectively), whereas no statistical difference was noted in the rates of CSF @entity5254 (p = 0.372). CONCLUSION: In this analysis of inpatient hospitalizations for @entity1104 @entity1 , @entity5 was associated with a greater rate of postoperative @entity2010 and fluid/electrolyte abnormalities, but no differences in the rates of postoperative CSF @entity5254 and other complications were found. @entity1 with @entity4611 undergoing @entity1104 had significantly longer hospitalizations and higher trending charges than those with benign lesions. This analysis is, however, subject to the limitations of the database.

title: Transsphenoidal surgery for XXXX : an analysis of inpatient complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'malignant pituitary disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic pituitary disorders', 'malignant pituitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pituitary tumors', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['transsphenoidal surgery', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['malignant pituitary lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for gallbladder removal and the most common laparoscopic procedure worldwide. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery has recently emerged as a less invasive potential alternative to conventional three- or four-port laparoscopy. However, the feasibility of @entity9834 ( @entity9834 ) remains unclear, and there are no rigorous criteria in the literature. Identifying @entity1 at risk of failure of this new technique is essential. The aim of our study was to determine risk factors that may predict failure of the procedure. METHODS: From May 2010 to March 2012, 110 consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity9834 and were reviewed retrospectively. The main feasibility criterion was the procedure failure rate, defined as addition of supplementary port(s) and prolonged (>60  min) operative time. The factors evaluated were age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, previous abdominal surgery, indication for surgery and gallbladder suspension. RESULTS: There was conversion in 16 @entity1 (14.5  %), and the operative time exceeded 60  min for 20 @entity1 (30.9  %). Univariate analysis showed a significant independent association between additional port requirement and each of weight as a continuous value, weight >= 80  kg, BMI >26.5  kg/m(2) and height >172  cm. Univariate analysis also showed a significant independent association between prolonged operative duration (>60  min) and each of height and weight as continuous values, height >172  cm and previous abdominal surgery. In the multivariate analysis, only weight remained independently associated with additional port requirement, and height remained independently associated with prolonged operative duration. CONCLUSION: Preoperative identification of the factors increasing the risk of conversion may assist surgeons in making decisions concerning the management of @entity1 , including appropriate use of @entity9834 .

title: Do height and weight affect the feasibility of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9834 :: ('MESH:D017562', 'Disease') :: ['SILC', 'single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy']

answer: @entity9834 :: (MESH:D017562,Disease) :: ['single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the impact of salt reduction on liking, salt taste perception, and use of table salt when consuming @entity1573 stew in light of South Africa's new salt recommendations. In total, 432 South-African consumers (aged 35.2      12.3 years) consumed a full portion of a @entity1573 stew meal once at a central location. Four stock cube powders varying in salt content were used to prepare @entity1573 stews: 1) no reduction - 2013 @entity4024 level; regular salt level as currently available on the South African market (24473  mg @entity4024 /100  g), 2) salt reduction smaller than 2016 level, i.e. 10%-reduced (22025  mg @entity4024 /100  g), 3) 2016 salt level, as per regulatory prescriptions (18000  mg @entity4024 /100  g), 4) 2019 salt level, as per regulatory prescriptions (13000  mg @entity4024 /100  g). Consumers were randomly allocated to consume one of the four meals. Liking, salt taste perception, and use of table salt and pepper were measured. @entity1573 stews prepared with reduced-salt stock powders were equally well-liked as @entity1573 stews with the current salt level. Moreover, a gradual reduction of the salt in the @entity1573 stews resulted in a reduced salt intake, up to an average of 19% for the total group compared to the benchmark 2013 @entity4024 level stew. However, 19% of consumers compensated by adding salt back to full compensation in some cases. More salt was added with increased reductions of salt in the meals, even to the point of full compensation. Further investigation into the impacts of nutrition communication and education about salt reduction on salt taste perception and use is needed. This research provides new consumer insights on salt use and emphasises the need for consumer-focused behaviour change approaches, in addition to reformulation of products.

title: Liking, salt taste perception and use of table salt when consuming reduced-salt XXXX stews in light of South Africa's new salt regulations.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'Chicken']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Migraine is an expensive condition impacting on the economically active sector of the population. Given the expense of anti- @entity2704 medicine, it is important to monitor the impact of generic prescribing and therapeutic substitution. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to analyse the prescribing patterns and cost of anti- @entity2704 medicines to determine the impact of generic prescribing and prescribing changes over time. METHOD: A retrospective drug utilisation study was conducted on South African private sector medical insurance claims data for 2011. Results A total of 797 @entity1 received 1583 anti- @entity2704 medicines during 2011. The majority of @entity1 (70.14 %) were females. The average age of @entity1 was 41.61 (SD = 14.91) years. Clonidine was the most frequently prescribed (49.21 % of prescribing frequency; 25.70 % of cost), followed by the triptans [selective serotonin (5-HT1B/1D)-receptor agonists] (27.98 % of prescribing frequency; 45.92 % of cost). Five triptans were prescribed. The average cost per sumatriptan prescription was the lowest (the only triptan with generic equivalents). Rizatriptan was the most frequently prescribed triptan (18.51 % of prescribing frequency; 29.15 % of cost). CONCLUSION: The results were generally in agreement with previous South African studies. The impact of the introduction of newer triptans and of generic equivalents on prescribing patterns was clear.

title: Prescribing patterns of anti- XXXX medicines in South Africa using a claims database.

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity improves @entity158 and function among individuals with @entity626 ( @entity571 ), but most @entity1 with this condition are inactive. Physical therapists play a key role in helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to increase appropriate physical activity. However, health care access issues, financial constraints, and other factors impede some @entity1 from receiving physical therapy (PT) for knee @entity571 . A need exists to develop and evaluate other methods to provide physical activity instruction and support to @entity1 with knee @entity571 . This study is examining the effectiveness of an internet-based exercise training (IBET) program designed for knee @entity571 , designed by physical therapists and other clinicians. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized controlled trial of 350 @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 , allocated to three groups: IBET, standard PT, and a wait list (WL) control group (in a 2:2:1 ratio, respectively). The study was funded by the @entity1 Centered Outcomes Research Institute, which conducted a peer review of the proposal. The IBET program provides @entity1 with a tailored exercise program (based on functional level, symptoms, and current activity), video demonstrations of exercises, and guidance for appropriate exercise progression. The PT group receives up to 8 individual visits with a physical therapist, mirroring standard practice for knee @entity571 and with an emphasis on a home exercise program. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 4  months (primary time point) and 12  months (to assess maintenance of treatment effects). The primary outcome is the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, and secondary outcomes include objective physical function, satisfaction with physical function, physical activity, @entity308 and global assessment of change. Linear mixed models will be used to compare both the IBET and standard PT groups to the WL control group, examine whether IBET is non-inferior to PT (a treatment that has an established evidence base for knee @entity571 ), and explore whether @entity1 characteristics are associated with differential effects of IBET and/or standard PT. This research is in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. DISCUSSION: The IBET program could be disseminated widely at relatively low cost and could be an important resource for helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to adopt and maintain appropriate physical activity. This trial will provide an important evaluation of the effectiveness of this IBET program for knee @entity571 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02312713.

title: Physical therapy vs. internet-based exercise training (PATH-IN) for @entity1 with XXXX : study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity improves @entity158 and function among individuals with @entity626 ( @entity571 ), but most @entity1 with this condition are inactive. Physical therapists play a key role in helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to increase appropriate physical activity. However, health care access issues, financial constraints, and other factors impede some @entity1 from receiving physical therapy (PT) for knee @entity571 . A need exists to develop and evaluate other methods to provide physical activity instruction and support to @entity1 with knee @entity571 . This study is examining the effectiveness of an internet-based exercise training (IBET) program designed for knee @entity571 , designed by physical therapists and other clinicians. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized controlled trial of 350 @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 , allocated to three groups: IBET, standard PT, and a wait list (WL) control group (in a 2:2:1 ratio, respectively). The study was funded by the @entity1 Centered Outcomes Research Institute, which conducted a peer review of the proposal. The IBET program provides @entity1 with a tailored exercise program (based on functional level, symptoms, and current activity), video demonstrations of exercises, and guidance for appropriate exercise progression. The PT group receives up to 8 individual visits with a physical therapist, mirroring standard practice for knee @entity571 and with an emphasis on a home exercise program. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 4  months (primary time point) and 12  months (to assess maintenance of treatment effects). The primary outcome is the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, and secondary outcomes include objective physical function, satisfaction with physical function, physical activity, @entity308 and global assessment of change. Linear mixed models will be used to compare both the IBET and standard PT groups to the WL control group, examine whether IBET is non-inferior to PT (a treatment that has an established evidence base for knee @entity571 ), and explore whether @entity1 characteristics are associated with differential effects of IBET and/or standard PT. This research is in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. DISCUSSION: The IBET program could be disseminated widely at relatively low cost and could be an important resource for helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to adopt and maintain appropriate physical activity. This trial will provide an important evaluation of the effectiveness of this IBET program for knee @entity571 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02312713.

title: Physical therapy vs. internet-based exercise training (PATH-IN) for XXXX with @entity626 : study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: These experiments queried the potential for developmental change in the positive and negative feedback sensitivities of LH secretion to @entity53 . Serum LH levels were compared in juvenile, peripubertal, and adult female @entity19 after ovariectomy and challenge with a variety of 4-day @entity134 treatments. Since male stimuli accelerate the attainment of puberty in this species, comparisons also were made between age- and weight-matched groups of pre- vs. postpubertal females, obtained by housing them in either the presence or absence of males. The following conclusions were derived from eight experiments. 1) Progressively more @entity53 is required to suppress the postovariectomy rise in serum LH as the female @entity19 develops the juvenile stage to full adulthood. 2) This slow, progressive change is due in part to a steadily increasing capacity to secrete LH when unhindered by any negative feedback regulation by the ovary; it is not due to developmental changes in @entity53 metabolism. 3) The LH surging mechanism is functional and already coupled to its circadian oscillator in the juvenile @entity19 , but surges of adult magnitude could not be induced with exogenous @entity134 until the peripubertal period. 4) The @entity53 requirements for preovulatory LH surging change markedly after the peripubertal stage of development; a wide range of temporal changes in blood @entity53 levels will elicit LH surging in the adult @entity19 , but the immature female requires a rigid pattern of change involving only a narrow range of blood levels of this @entity134 . 5) Exposure of peripubertal females to male stimuli alters neither their negative feedback sensitivity to @entity53 nor their @entity172 requirements for LH surging. These conclusions are integrated into two working models that focus first on the @entity172 requirements for LH surging in the adult @entity19 , and second on the maturation of this process and the attainment of pubertal ovulation. (Endocrinology 108: 506, 1981)

title: The regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion by XXXX : relationships among negative feedback, surge potential, and male stimulation in juvenile, peripubertal, and adult female @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: These experiments queried the potential for developmental change in the positive and negative feedback sensitivities of LH secretion to @entity53 . Serum LH levels were compared in juvenile, peripubertal, and adult female @entity19 after ovariectomy and challenge with a variety of 4-day @entity134 treatments. Since male stimuli accelerate the attainment of puberty in this species, comparisons also were made between age- and weight-matched groups of pre- vs. postpubertal females, obtained by housing them in either the presence or absence of males. The following conclusions were derived from eight experiments. 1) Progressively more @entity53 is required to suppress the postovariectomy rise in serum LH as the female @entity19 develops the juvenile stage to full adulthood. 2) This slow, progressive change is due in part to a steadily increasing capacity to secrete LH when unhindered by any negative feedback regulation by the ovary; it is not due to developmental changes in @entity53 metabolism. 3) The LH surging mechanism is functional and already coupled to its circadian oscillator in the juvenile @entity19 , but surges of adult magnitude could not be induced with exogenous @entity134 until the peripubertal period. 4) The @entity53 requirements for preovulatory LH surging change markedly after the peripubertal stage of development; a wide range of temporal changes in blood @entity53 levels will elicit LH surging in the adult @entity19 , but the immature female requires a rigid pattern of change involving only a narrow range of blood levels of this @entity134 . 5) Exposure of peripubertal females to male stimuli alters neither their negative feedback sensitivity to @entity53 nor their @entity172 requirements for LH surging. These conclusions are integrated into two working models that focus first on the @entity172 requirements for LH surging in the adult @entity19 , and second on the maturation of this process and the attainment of pubertal ovulation. (Endocrinology 108: 506, 1981)

title: The regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion by @entity172 : relationships among negative feedback, surge potential, and male stimulation in juvenile, peripubertal, and adult female XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Objective. Basilar artery (BA) terminates in right and left posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). Each @entity5546 supplies respective occipital lobe of the cerebrum. The present study is designed to know the morphology, morphometry, branching pattern, and symmetry of @entity5546 . Methods. The study included 340 PCAs dissected from 170 @entity1 cadaveric brains. Results. Morphological variations of P1 segment included, @entity3894 (2.35%), @entity509 (5.29%), duplication (2.35%), fenestration (1.17%), and common trunk shared with SCA (1.76%). Morphological variations of origin of P2 segment included direct origin of it from BA (1.17%) and @entity6455 (2.35%). Unusually, two P2 segments, each arising separately from BA and @entity6455 , were observed in 1.17%. Unilateral two P2 segments from CW were found in 0.58%. Morphological variations of course of P2 were duplication (0.58%), fenestration (0.58%), and @entity439 (1.76%). Unilateral P2 either adult or fetal was seen in 4.71%. The group II branching pattern was found to be most common. Asymmetry of P2 was 40%. Morphometry of P2 revealed mean length of 52   mm and mean diameter of 2.7   mm. Conclusion. The present study provides the complete anatomical description of @entity5546 regarding morphology, morphometry, symmetry, and its branching pattern. Awareness of these variations is likely to be useful in cerebrovascular procedures.

title: Study of Posterior Cerebral Artery in XXXX Cadaveric Brain.

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better characterize the genomics of @entity1 with biochemical recurrence (BCR) who have metastatic disease progression in order to improve treatment decisions for @entity263 . METHODS: The expression profiles of three clinical outcome groups after radical prostatectomy (RP) were compared: those with @entity66 ( @entity66 ; n = 108); those with BCR (rise in @entity1486 [PSA] level without @entity3 ; n = 163); and those with @entity3 (n = 192). The @entity1 were profiled using @entity1 Exon 1.0 ST microarrays, and outcomes were supported by a median 18  years of follow-up. A @entity3 signature was defined and verified in an independent RP cohort to ensure the robustness of the signature. Furthermore, bioinformatics characterization of the signature was conducted to decipher its biology. RESULTS: Minimal gene expression differences were observed between adjuvant treatment-na  ve @entity1 in the @entity66 group and @entity1 without @entity3 in the BCR group. More than 95% of the differentially expressed genes ( @entity3 signature) were found in comparisons between primary @entity5 of @entity3 @entity1 and the two other outcome groups. The @entity3 signature was validated in an independent cohort and was significantly associated with cell cycle genes, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, DNA repair, @entity342 , G-protein coupled and NOTCH signal transduction pathways. CONCLUSION: This study shows that @entity3 development after BCR is associated with a distinct transcriptional programme that can be detected in the primary @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity66 and BCR have highly similar transcriptional profiles, suggesting that measurement of PSA on its own is a poor surrogate for lethal disease. Use of genomic testing in @entity1 undergoing RP with an initial rise in PSA level may be useful to improve secondary therapy decision-making.

title: Clinical and genomic analysis of XXXX progression with a background of  postoperative biochemical recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['NED', 'no evidence of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['metastatic prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification and diagnosis of Harris lines (HLs) is usually achieved using radiography. To date, histological methods have been mainly implemented in research exploring the underlying processes of @entity1733 deposition using longitudinal sections taken from animal bone. Here, a new insight into @entity1733 formation is provided following transverse histological sectioning in a @entity1 specimen. A distinct @entity1733 was identified macroscopically, and from a radiograph, in a left distal tibia taken from an adult @entity1 male. Transverse sections were taken through the @entity1733 , and also from trabeculae immediately superior and inferior to the @entity1733 . Thin sections were produced following standard histological procedures. Micrographs were captured using a digital microscope camera. Trabeculae immediately superior and inferior to the @entity1733 displayed no indication of abnormal growth, exhibiting abundant osteocyte lacunae and a lamellar structure. However, the micro-anatomy of the @entity1733 was characterised by the following three main features: (1) non-lamellar appearance, (2) a complete lack of osteocyte lacunae, and (3) presence of irregularly distributed tubular structures. These three histological features indicate a specific process of bone deposition, implying that trapping of osteoblasts may not take place during @entity1733 formation. Pictorial and descriptive records of @entity1733 histology are provided, aiding current understanding about the nature of @entity1733 , its identification from histology, and serving as a reference point for future comparative research.

title: Histology of a Harris line in a XXXX distal tibia.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To conduct a systematic review of studies on early probiotic supplementation to prevent @entity209 ( @entity209 ). METHODS: Using the Cochrane systematic review strategy we searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and the conference proceedings of the Pediatric American Society meetings and trial registries in December 2014. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non RCTs of probiotic supplementation to the mother and/or @entity1 for a minimum duration of 4 wk were selected. Of these, studies that reported on @entity209 or its components ( @entity28 , raised blood pressure, @entity4854 , @entity2299 ) in @entity1 between 2-19 years were to be eligible for inclusion in the review. Risk of bias (ROB) in selected RCTs and quality assessment of non-RCT studies were to be assessed by the Cochrane ROB assessment table and New Castle Ottawa scale. RESULTS: There were no studies on early probiotic administration for prevention of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Follow up studies of two placebo controlled RCTs (n = 233) reported on the effects of early probiotics on one or more components of @entity209 in @entity1 aged 2-19 years. Meta-analysis of those two studies could not be performed due to differences in the @entity1 population, type of outcomes studied and the timing of their assessment. Assessment of childhood metabolic outcomes was not the primary objective of these studies. The first study that assessed the effects of prenatal and postnatal supplementation of @entity1905 on body mass index till 10 years, did not report a significant benefit. In the second study, @entity6983 19 was supplemented to healthy term @entity1 from 4-13 mo. No significant effect on body mass index, body composition or metabolic markers was detected. CONCLUSION: Current evidence on early probiotic administration to prevent @entity15 is inadequate. Gaps in knowledge need to be addressed before large RCTs can be planned.

title: Early probiotics to prevent XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['childhood MS', 'CMS']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'childhood metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['childhood metabolic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Opioids reduce injury from @entity741 -reperfusion in @entity1 . In experimental models, this mechanism involves @entity9096 inhibition. @entity19515 regulates mitochondrial protein import, with @entity9096 inhibition increasing @entity19515 mitochondrial content. Therefore, we determined whether @entity1286 -induced cardioprotection is mediated by @entity19515 and if the protective effect is downstream of @entity9096 inhibition. Male @entity35 , aged 8-10 weeks, were subjected to an in vivo @entity741 -reperfusion injury protocol involving 30 minutes of @entity63 followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Hemodynamics were continually monitored and @entity583 size determined. @entity35 received @entity1286 (0.3   mg/kg), the @entity9096 inhibitor, @entity25650 (0.6   mg/kg), or saline, 10 minutes prior to @entity63 . Some @entity35 received selective @entity19515 inhibitors, @entity49801 (0.3   mg/kg), or @entity5101 ( @entity5252 , 0.6   mg/kg) alone or 5 minutes prior to @entity1286 or @entity25650 . @entity1286 reduced @entity583 size when compared to control (42    2% versus 60    1%). This protection was abolished by prior treatment of @entity49801 or @entity5252 (59    1%, 56    2%). @entity9096 inhibition also reduced @entity583 size (41    2%) with @entity19515 inhibition by @entity49801 or @entity5252 partially inhibiting @entity25650 -induced @entity1188 size reduction (54    3%, 47    1%, resp.). These data suggest that opioid-induced cardioprotection is mediated by @entity19515 . Part of this protection afforded by @entity19515 is downstream of @entity9096 , potentially via the HSP-TOM mitochondrial import pathway.

title: XXXX Reduces @entity583 via Heat Shock Protein 90 in Rodents.

entities_list: @entity49801 :: ('MESH:C035359', 'Chemical') :: ['radicicol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Opioids reduce injury from @entity741 -reperfusion in @entity1 . In experimental models, this mechanism involves @entity9096 inhibition. @entity19515 regulates mitochondrial protein import, with @entity9096 inhibition increasing @entity19515 mitochondrial content. Therefore, we determined whether @entity1286 -induced cardioprotection is mediated by @entity19515 and if the protective effect is downstream of @entity9096 inhibition. Male @entity35 , aged 8-10 weeks, were subjected to an in vivo @entity741 -reperfusion injury protocol involving 30 minutes of @entity63 followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Hemodynamics were continually monitored and @entity583 size determined. @entity35 received @entity1286 (0.3   mg/kg), the @entity9096 inhibitor, @entity25650 (0.6   mg/kg), or saline, 10 minutes prior to @entity63 . Some @entity35 received selective @entity19515 inhibitors, @entity49801 (0.3   mg/kg), or @entity5101 ( @entity5252 , 0.6   mg/kg) alone or 5 minutes prior to @entity1286 or @entity25650 . @entity1286 reduced @entity583 size when compared to control (42    2% versus 60    1%). This protection was abolished by prior treatment of @entity49801 or @entity5252 (59    1%, 56    2%). @entity9096 inhibition also reduced @entity583 size (41    2%) with @entity19515 inhibition by @entity49801 or @entity5252 partially inhibiting @entity25650 -induced @entity1188 size reduction (54    3%, 47    1%, resp.). These data suggest that opioid-induced cardioprotection is mediated by @entity19515 . Part of this protection afforded by @entity19515 is downstream of @entity9096 , potentially via the HSP-TOM mitochondrial import pathway.

title: @entity1286 Reduces XXXX via Heat Shock Protein 90 in Rodents.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarct Size']


abstract: A 2(3) factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized to determine effects of postweaning @entity8936 implantation, breed (Angus vs Limousin) and castration (bull vs steer) on growth, behavior and carcass traits. An initial slaughter group was used to account for breed differences in composition and to determine fat and lean growth in the 9-10-11th rib section ( @entity71671 ). The remaining @entity291 were fed a finishing diet to a fat end point of .76 cm, as determined by a backfat probe. Control bulls outgained (P less than .01) control steers both to the first kill date and over the entire test and did not require significantly more time to reach the fat end point. The implant did not influence gain in bulls but did increase gain in steers. Angus and Limousins were similar in growth rate for the first 126 d before the first slaughter date. Limousins required more (P less than .01) time to reach the fat end point. Bulls and Limousins produced heavier (P less than .01) carcasses and larger rib eyes (P less than .05; bulls; P less than .01; Limousins). Steers and Angus had higher (P less than .01) marbling scores and lower bone maturity. Implanting decreased (P less than .05) marbling and increased carcass maturity. Small but significant shifts in carcass wholesale cut weight distribution were found between breed and sex condition groups. Bulls and Limousins had greater lean growth in the @entity71671 . Bulls and steers were similar in fat growth, but Angus exceeded Limousin in this trait. @entity8936 reduced scrotal circumference (P less than .01) and testicle weight at slaughter (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of XXXX implants on growth, behavior and carcass traits in Angus and Limousin bulls and steers.

entities_list: @entity8936 :: ('MESH:D015029', 'Chemical') :: ['zeranol', 'Zeranol']

answer: @entity8936 :: (MESH:D015029,Chemical) :: ['zeranol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This review is to explore whether potential gene interactions in the cell cycles of gametes, zygotes, and @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells are associated with the development of @entity5 . METHODS: MEDPILOT at the Central Library of the University of Cologne, Germany (Zentralbibliothek K  ln) that covers 5,800 international medical journals and 4,300 E-journals was used to collect data. The initial searches were done in December 2012 and additional searches in October 2013-May 2015. The search terms included " @entity5 development," "gene interaction," and " @entity2085 cells," and the time period was between 1998 and 2015. A total of 147 articles in English language only were included in this review. RESULTS: Transgenerational gene translation is implemented in the zygote through interactions of epigenetic isoforms of transcription factors (TFs) from parental gametes, predominantly during the first two zygote cleavages. Pluripotent transcription factors may provide interacting links with mutated genes during zygote-to- @entity2085 cell switches. Translation of post-transcriptional carcinogenic genes is implemented by abnormally spliced, @entity5 -specific isoforms of gene-encoded mRNA/non-coding RNA variants of TFs employing de novo gene synthesis and neofunctionalization. Post-translationally, mutated genes are preserved in pre-neoplastic @entity2085 cell subpopulations that can give rise to overt @entity5 stem cells. Thus, TFs operate as cell/disease-specific epigenetic messengers triggering clinical expression of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Potential gene interactions in the cell cycle of gametes, zygotes, and @entity2085 cells may play some roles in the development of @entity5 .

title: Potential Gene Interactions in the Cell Cycles of Gametes, Zygotes, Embryonic Stem Cells and the Development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a sequential screening method's efficacy in predicting @entity1151 (PTE) after gynecologic surgery. METHODS: A prospective study employing a two-stage screening process was conducted among consecutive asymptomatic adults who underwent outpatient evaluation for gynecologic surgery at Nara Medical University Hospital, Japan, between April 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013. @entity1 with a preoperative plasma D-dimer level greater than or equal to 1.0 g/mL underwent compression ultrasonography of the lower extremities. The primary outcome measure was postoperative detection of symptomatic PTE. RESULTS: Overall, 1729 @entity1 were included. The mean D-dimer level was 1.7  3.3 g/mL. Compression ultrasonography was conducted among 470 (27.1%) @entity1 with positive D-dimer test results; symptomatic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) was preoperatively detected among 94 (20.0%) of them. @entity1 with @entity1150 (n=94) had higher D-dimer levels than @entity1 (n=1635) without (7.8  12.8 g/mL vs 1.1  1.8 g/mL; P<0.001). Despite anticoagulant therapy, symptomatic PTE was detected postoperatively among two of these 94 @entity1 . Symptomatic PTE was also detected among four of 376 @entity1 with positive D-dimer test results but no evidence of @entity1150 by ultrasonography. No clinical onset of postoperative PTE was observed among 1259 @entity1 with D-dimer levels below the cut-off value. CONCLUSION: The PROVEN screening strategy (Preoperative surveillance using a sequential strategy) was ineffective at predicting postoperative symptomatic PTE.

title: Sequential screening to predict XXXX after gynecologic surgery in Nara, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ) is a common @entity299 . Our study was to analyze clinical features of @entity4503 and evaluate whether aortic valve @entity460 score (AVCS) was a reliable marker for @entity472 ( @entity472 ) in @entity1 with @entity4503 . 101 @entity1 with @entity4503 who both underwent echocardiology and cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan in our institution were included. Basic clinical data, haemodynamic feature, aortic valve and coronary @entity460 score were collected and compared among @entity1 with different valve function and different degree of @entity472 . Risk factors related to severe @entity472 were evaluated by logistic regression, and a receiver operative characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff @entity460 score greater than which the diagnosis of severe @entity472 was optimized. @entity1 with @entity337 ( @entity337 ) were younger and demonstrated larger aortic annulus and @entity50 compared with @entity1 with other @entity340 . Aortic valve @entity460 score was higher in @entity1 with @entity472 than with @entity337 . For @entity1 with different degree of @entity472 , there were statistical significances in the value of age, aortic valve @entity460 score and coronary @entity460 score. AVCS was positively related to severe @entity472 with an odd ratio of 1.286 (95  % CI 1.099-1.504) by every 300 points increase. AVCS was also a strong predictor for severe @entity472 with area under the curve 0.855 with a cutoff value of 897 (sensitivity 86.7  %, specificity 72.2  %). Conclusively, aortic @entity460 score calculated by quantitative CT is a reliable marker in evaluating severity of @entity472 .

title: The significance of aortic valve calcification in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['Bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ) is a common @entity299 . Our study was to analyze clinical features of @entity4503 and evaluate whether aortic valve @entity460 score (AVCS) was a reliable marker for @entity472 ( @entity472 ) in @entity1 with @entity4503 . 101 @entity1 with @entity4503 who both underwent echocardiology and cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan in our institution were included. Basic clinical data, haemodynamic feature, aortic valve and coronary @entity460 score were collected and compared among @entity1 with different valve function and different degree of @entity472 . Risk factors related to severe @entity472 were evaluated by logistic regression, and a receiver operative characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff @entity460 score greater than which the diagnosis of severe @entity472 was optimized. @entity1 with @entity337 ( @entity337 ) were younger and demonstrated larger aortic annulus and @entity50 compared with @entity1 with other @entity340 . Aortic valve @entity460 score was higher in @entity1 with @entity472 than with @entity337 . For @entity1 with different degree of @entity472 , there were statistical significances in the value of age, aortic valve @entity460 score and coronary @entity460 score. AVCS was positively related to severe @entity472 with an odd ratio of 1.286 (95  % CI 1.099-1.504) by every 300 points increase. AVCS was also a strong predictor for severe @entity472 with area under the curve 0.855 with a cutoff value of 897 (sensitivity 86.7  %, specificity 72.2  %). Conclusively, aortic @entity460 score calculated by quantitative CT is a reliable marker in evaluating severity of @entity472 .

title: The significance of aortic valve calcification in XXXX with @entity4503 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-- @entity1238 ) whole embryo bioassay has been developed to screen for environmental substances that cause @entity600 . We have used this assay to test its effectiveness in working with actual water samples from the field. Tar Creek is contaminated by discharges from abandoned lead and @entity219 mines. In addition to high concentrations of @entity219 , @entity68 and other metals, water samples are routinely low in pH and @entity26 content. The pH values of three Tar Creek sample sites were below the established tolerance limits of the embryos. Therefore, one group of samples had no pH adjustment while a second group had the pH adjusted to 7.0. Two of the four sites contained agents that reduced embryonic growth and caused high rates of mortality. A third site contained teratogenic substances. We have determined that metal content is responsible, along with the low pH, for the biologic effects. We have identified high concentrations of toxic metals in Tar Creek by water analysis and were able to demonstrate, by removing metals via Chelex 100 ion exchange chromatography, that the observed @entity137 and teratogenicity were caused by metal ions. We have concluded that FETAX is an excellent test for complex mixtures. Physicochemical parameters, such as pH, @entity26 and metals content, can be altered and the effect of these changes on @entity137 and teratogenicity determined using FETAX. The interaction of toxic substances and low pH are important when considering embryo survival and development.

title: Detection of teratogenic substances in acidic mine water samples using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-- XXXX (FETAX).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: Purpose: HM781-36B is a novel and irreversible pan- @entity1 @entity470 (HER) inhibitor with TEC cytoplasmic kinase inhibition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antitumor activity and mechanism of action for HM781-36B in @entity14 cell lines. Materials and Methods: The @entity14 cell lines were exposed to HM781-36B and/or oxaliplatin (L-OHP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), SN-38. The cell viability was examined by Cell Titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay kit. Change in the cell cycle and protein expression was determined by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Synergism between 2 drugs was evaluated by the combination index. Results: The addition of HM781-36B induced potent growth inhibition in both DiFi cells with @entity470 overexpression and SNU-175 cells (IC50 = 0.003 and 0.005    M, respectively). Furthermore, HM781-36B induced G1 arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis, and reduced the levels of HER family and downstream signaling molecules, @entity7952 and pAKT, as well as nonreceptor/cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, @entity38054 . The combination of HM781-36B with 5-FU, L-OHP, or SN-38 showed an additive or synergistic effect in most @entity14 cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest the potential roles of HM781-36B as the treatment for @entity470 -overexpressing @entity694 , singly or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. The role of @entity38054 expression as a marker of response to HM781-36B should be further explored.

title: Antitumor Activity of HM781-36B, alone or in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Agents, in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Cells']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 oocyte undergos two asymmetric cell divisions during meiotic maturation and fertilization. Acentric spindle positioning and cortical polarity are major factors involved in asymmetric cell division, both of which are thought to depend on the dynamic interaction between myosin II and actin filaments. @entity23452 ( @entity23452 ) encoding by Mylk1 gene could directly phosphorylate and activate myosin II. To determine whether @entity23452 was required for oocyte asymmetric division, we specifically disrupted Mylk1 gene in oocytes by Cre-loxP conditional knockout system. We found that Mylk1 mutant female @entity19 showed severe @entity249 . Unexpectedly, contrary to previously reported in vitro findings, our data showed that oocyte meiotic maturation including spindle organization, polarity establishment, homologous chromosomes separation and polar body extrusion were not affected in Mylk1(fl/fl);GCre(+) females. Follicular development, ovulation and early embryonic develop to compact morula occurred normally in Mylk1(fl/fl);GCre(+) females, but deletion of @entity23452 caused delayed morula-to-blastocyst transition. More than a third of embryos were at morula stage at 3.5 days post coitum (dpc) in vivo. The delayed embryos could develop further to early blastocyst stage in vitro on Day 4 when most control embryos reached expanded blastocysts. Our findings provide evidence that @entity23452 is linked to timely blastocyst formation, though it is dispensable for oocyte meiotic maturation.

title: Deletion of Mylk1 in Oocytes Causes Delayed Morula-to-Blastocyst Transition and Reduced Fertility Without Affecting Folliculogenesis and Oocyte Maturation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['subfertility']

entities_list: @entity23452 :: ('213435(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MLCK', 'Myosin light chain kinase']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to assess the psychological factors that influence engagement in health behaviors in individuals with @entity1118 using a new measure, the Behavioral Engagement Test for @entity1118 (BET-CP). A secondary aim was to determine preliminary psychometric properties of the BET-CP. SUBJECTS: @entity1 were 86 adults with chronic @entity4512 recruited from University of @entity158 clinics and the community. METHODS: @entity1 completed a battery of self-report instruments online, including the BET-CP and measures of related constructs. Items on the BET-CP assessed motivation, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and the symptom benefit required to engage across four health behaviors: exercise, diet, sleep, and @entity158 self-management (e.g., relaxation and activity pacing). RESULTS: @entity1 reported modest expectations of @entity158 -related symptom improvement if they practiced the health behaviors (22-26% improvement), but they required twice that (47-54% improvement) to make it worth their while to commit to practicing them. @entity1 expected to get the most symptom relief from relaxation and activity pacing, but they were most confident and motivated to eat a healthy diet. In a subsample of @entity1 who provided data for psychometric analysis, the BET-CP demonstrated strong test-retest reliability across 7 days and adequate convergent validity. CONCLUSION: While @entity1 with @entity4512 have outcome expectancies that are nearly in line with research on @entity158 treatments, their stringent requirements for symptom benefit may impede engagement in the health behaviors recommended for their @entity2531 . Additional psychometric study with larger sample sizes is needed to further validate the BET-CP.

title: Cognitive-Motivational Influences on Health Behavior Change in Adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Florida pain', 'behavioral pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between food insecurity, excess body weight, psychosocial factors and food behaviours among low-income African-American families. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of @entity1 in the baseline evaluation of the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) @entity28 prevention trial. We collected data on socio-economic factors, food source destinations, acquiring food, preparation methods, psychosocial factors, beliefs and attitudes, participation in food assistance programmes, anthropometry and food security. We used principal component analysis to identify patterns of food source destinations and logistic regression to examine associations. SETTING: Fourteen low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods in Baltimore City, @entity601 , USA. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and ninety-eight adult caregiver- @entity1 (10-14 years old) dyads. RESULTS: Of households, 41  6 % had some level of food insecurity and 12  4 % experienced some level of hunger. Food-insecure @entity1 with hunger were significantly more likely to be unemployed and to have lower incomes. We found high rates of excess body weight ( @entity2973 and @entity28 ) among adults and @entity1 (82  8 % and 37  9 % among food insecure without hunger, 89  2 % and 45  9 % among food insecure with hunger, respectively), although there were no significant differences by food security status. Food source usage patterns, food acquisition, preparation, knowledge, self-efficacy and intentions did not differ by food security. Food security was associated with perceptions that healthy foods are affordable and convenient. Greater caregiver body satisfaction was associated with food insecurity and excess body weight. CONCLUSIONS: In this setting, @entity28 and food insecurity are major problems. For many food-insecure families, perceptions of healthy foods may serve as additional barriers to their purchase and consumption.

title: Food insecurity, @entity2973 and XXXX among low-income African-American families in Baltimore City: associations with food-related perceptions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between food insecurity, excess body weight, psychosocial factors and food behaviours among low-income African-American families. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of @entity1 in the baseline evaluation of the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) @entity28 prevention trial. We collected data on socio-economic factors, food source destinations, acquiring food, preparation methods, psychosocial factors, beliefs and attitudes, participation in food assistance programmes, anthropometry and food security. We used principal component analysis to identify patterns of food source destinations and logistic regression to examine associations. SETTING: Fourteen low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods in Baltimore City, @entity601 , USA. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and ninety-eight adult caregiver- @entity1 (10-14 years old) dyads. RESULTS: Of households, 41  6 % had some level of food insecurity and 12  4 % experienced some level of hunger. Food-insecure @entity1 with hunger were significantly more likely to be unemployed and to have lower incomes. We found high rates of excess body weight ( @entity2973 and @entity28 ) among adults and @entity1 (82  8 % and 37  9 % among food insecure without hunger, 89  2 % and 45  9 % among food insecure with hunger, respectively), although there were no significant differences by food security status. Food source usage patterns, food acquisition, preparation, knowledge, self-efficacy and intentions did not differ by food security. Food security was associated with perceptions that healthy foods are affordable and convenient. Greater caregiver body satisfaction was associated with food insecurity and excess body weight. CONCLUSIONS: In this setting, @entity28 and food insecurity are major problems. For many food-insecure families, perceptions of healthy foods may serve as additional barriers to their purchase and consumption.

title: Food insecurity, XXXX and @entity28 among low-income African-American families in Baltimore City: associations with food-related perceptions.

answer: @entity2973 :: (MESH:D050177,Disease) :: ['overweight']


abstract: Pericentric inversion of @entity1 chromosome 9 [inv(9)] is a relatively common cytogenetic finding. It is largely considered a clinically insignificant variant of the normal @entity1 karyotype. However, numerous studies have suggested its possible association with certain pathologies, e.g., @entity249 , @entity7992 or @entity161 . We analysed the incidence of inv(9) and the spectrum of clinical indications for karyotyping among inv(9) carriers in three medical genetics departments in Prague. In their cytogenetic databases, among 26,597 total records we identified 421 (1.6 %) cases of inv(9) without any concurrent cytogenetic pathology. This study represents the world's largest epidemiological study on inv(9) to date. The incidence of inv(9) calculated in this way from diagnostic laboratory data does not differ from the incidence of inv(9) in three specific populationbased samples of healthy individuals (N = 4,166) karyotyped for preventive (amniocentesis for advanced maternal age, gamete donation) or legal reasons ( @entity1 awaiting adoption). The most frequent clinical indication in inv(9) carriers was " @entity177 " - 37.1 %. The spectra and percentages of indications in individuals with inv(9) were further statistically evaluated for one of the departments (N = 170) by comparing individuals with inv(9) to a control group of 661 individuals with normal karyotypes without this inversion. The proportion of clinical referrals for " @entity177 " among inv(9) cases remains higher than in controls, but the difference is not statistically significant for both genders combined. Analysis in separated genders showed that the incidence of " @entity177 " could differ among inv(9) female and male carriers.

title: Pericentric Inversion of XXXX Chromosome 9 Epidemiology Study in Czech Males and Females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic reproductive failure']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['habitual abortions']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conventional cytostatic @entity5 treatments rarely result in the complete eradication of @entity5 cells. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies focus on antagonizing the immunosuppressive activity of established @entity5 . In particular, recent studies of antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) eliciting a specific antitumor immune response has raised the hopes of achieving the complete elimination of @entity5 tissue. @entity670 , fingolimod and betulin have already been described as active compounds in different types of @entity5 . Herein, we applied an integrated screening approach to characterize both their cytostatic and their immune-modulating properties side-by-side. As will be described in detail, our data confirmed that all three compounds exerted proapoptotic and antiproliferative activity in different @entity6844 cell lines to a given extent, as revealed by an @entity98 assay, CFSE and @entity14939 staining. However, while @entity670 and fingolimod also affected the survival of primary bone marrow (BM) derived DCs of C57BL/6 @entity19 , betulin exhibited a lower @entity137 for BMDCs in comparison to the @entity320 cells. Moreover, we could show for the first time, that only betulin caused a simultaneous, highly specific immune-stimulating activity, as measured by the IL-12p70 release of @entity1990 -stimulated BMDCs by ELISA, which was due to increased @entity10357 mRNA expression. Interestingly, the activation of DCs resulted in enhanced T lymphocyte stimulation, indicated by increased @entity2047 and IFN-y production of cytotoxic T cells in spleen cell co-culture assays which led to a decreased viability of B16 cells in an antigen specific model system. This may overcome the immunosuppressive environment of a @entity5 and destroy @entity5 cells more effectively in vivo if the immune response is specific targeted against the @entity5 tissue by antigen-loaded dendritic cells. In summary, cytostatic agents, such as betulin, that simultaneously exhibit immune stimulatory activity may serve as lead compounds and hold great promise as a novel approach for an integrated @entity5 therapy.

title: Simultaneous and Dose XXXX Cytotoxic and Immune Stimulatory Activity of Betulin.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein', 'Genistein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Dependent Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the costs of inhospital, percutaneous treatment of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) carried out in Poland, a European Union country with a low-budget national health system. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on all @entity1 admitted to a tertiary care hospital for endovascular treatment of @entity63 over 1 year. SETTING: A single, large volume, tertiary angiology center located in Southern Poland. @entity1 : @entity63 @entity1 due to aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, or infrapopliteal arterial stenoses or occlusions with indications for first-line endovascular therapy or similar @entity1 who refused open surgical procedure despite having primary indications for vascular surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Direct stenting using bare-metal stents was the primary mode of treatment for lesions located within the aortoiliac and femoropopliteal arterial segments. Plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) was the second most commonly used technique. For below-the-knee arteries, POBA was the mainstay of treatment, which was occasionally supported by drug-eluting stent angioplasty. Directional atherectomy, scoring balloon angioplasty, or local fibrinolysis was used infrequently. Drug-eluting balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was not used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the mean reimbursement of costs provided by the Polish National Health Fund (NHF) for inhospital treatment of @entity1 for whom endovascular procedures were performed as initial treatment for @entity63 and the inhospital costs of endovascular treatment calculated by the caregiver in the 2 years since the first procedure. The average total number of days spent in hospital, amputation-free survival (AFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and limb salvage rate (LSR) according to a life-table method were also calculated for the 2 years. RESULTS: In the first year, there were 496 endovascular and 15 surgical hospitalizations for revascularization procedures to treat 340 limbs in 327 @entity1 , with a further 53 revascularization procedures in the second year. There were an additional 90 hospitalizations over the first year and 38 over the second year for @entity63 -associated cardiovascular comorbidities. The mean reimbursement for hospitalizations of @entity1 included into observation, provided by the NHF, was  4901.94 per @entity1 for the first year and  833.57 per @entity1 alive to the second year. The mean cost of hospitalization for percutaneous revascularization treatment was  3804.25 per @entity1 for the first year and  3340.30 per @entity1 requiring revascularization within the second year. All costs were calculated in constant 2011 USD. The average total number of days spent in hospital was 8.4  days for the first year and 1.97  days per @entity1 alive to the second year. At 1 and 2  years, the AFS was 76.8% and 66.6%, the @entity1349 was 86.5% and 77.3%, and the LSR was 89.4% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular therapy using the currently available techniques can be performed in almost all @entity1 suffering from @entity63 at relatively low costs, and satisfactory results can be obtained. Physicians play a pivotal role in ensuring quality of treatment and the reduction of treatment cost in these @entity1 .

title: Costs of Real-Life Endovascular Treatment of XXXX : Report from Poland-A European Union Country with a Low-Budget Health Care System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Critical Limb Ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of nephrotoxicity associated with @entity3273 dose, and whether this relationship differs depending on renal function. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study of @entity1 who received intravenous @entity3273 to treat @entity281 caused by extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms. Adult @entity1 receiving @entity3273 for 72 hours or longer were included in this study. @entity1 who received renal replacement therapy at baseline or were administered @entity3273 for less than 3 days were excluded. @entity3273 -induced nephrotoxicity was defined as a doubling of baseline serum @entity1011 . @entity3273 dosing was evaluated based on both actual body weight and ideal body weight. SETTING: Single general hospital between 2010 and 2013. @entity1 : A total number of 475 @entity1 received @entity3273 therapy. Of these @entity1 , 329 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred forty-three @entity1 (43.5%) experienced nephrotoxicity during @entity3273 treatment. The median onset time of nephrotoxicity was 6 days (interquartile range, 4-8 days). The @entity1 with nephrotoxicity were older. Hematocrit and serum albumin levels were lower in @entity1 with nephrotoxicity. Median daily dosing of @entity3273 based on ideal body weight was significantly higher in @entity1 with nephrotoxicity than in those without nephrotoxicity (4.55 vs 4.43 mg/kg/d, respectively; p = 0.021). The cumulative dose was not different between @entity1 with and without nephrotoxicity. In multiple logistic regression analysis, daily @entity3273 dosing based on ideal body weight was only significantly associated with the development of nephrotoxicity in @entity1 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m (odds ratio, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.22-4.5). In these affected @entity1 , based on a receiver operating characteristic plot, the optimal predictive cutoff of @entity3273 dose for the development of nephrotoxicity was 2.87 mg/kg/d of @entity3273 , with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 76.7%. In @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate >=  60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m, age, serum albumin, hematocrit, and use of glycopeptide were associated with the development of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Development of nephrotoxicity was significantly more strongly associated with the dose of @entity3273 , but only in @entity1 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m and not in those with normal renal function.

title: Association Between XXXX Dose and Development of Nephrotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['Colistin', 'colistin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3273 :: (MESH:D003091,Chemical) :: ['Colistin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological and clinical studies have clearly established the link between low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) and @entity731 -related cardiovascular consequences. Although it has been a common practice for physicians to prescribe lipid-lowering therapy for @entity1 with @entity2299 , the achievement rate is still not satisfied in Taiwan. Therefore, the determinants for achieving the @entity11429 target needed to be clarified for better healthcare of the @entity1 with @entity2299 . METHOD: This registry-type prospective observational study enrolled the @entity1 with @entity65 ( @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 )) from 18 medical centers across Taiwan, and clinically followed them for five years. At every clinical visit, vital signs, clinical endpoints, adverse events, concurrent medications and laboratory specimens were obtained as thoroughly as possible. The lipid profile (total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity11429 , @entity412 ), liver enzymes, and @entity1011 phosphokinase were evaluated at baseline, and every year thereafter. The cross sectional observational data was analyzed for this report. RESULT: Among the 3,486 registered @entity1 , 54% had their @entity11429 < 100 mg/dL. By univariate analysis, the @entity1 achieving the @entity11429 target were associated with older age, more male sex, taller height, lower blood pressure, more under lipid-lowering therapy, more smoking cessation, more history of @entity453 , @entity3918 , physical activity, but less history of @entity66 . The multivariate analysis showed statin therapy was the most significant independent determinant for achieving the treatment target, followed by age, history of @entity453 , @entity6 , blood pressure, and sex. However, most @entity1 were on regimens of very-low to low equipotent doses of statins. CONCLUSION: Although the lipid treatment guideline adherence is improving in recent years, only 54% of the @entity1 with @entity65 have achieved their @entity11429 target in Taiwan, and the most significant determinant for this was statin therapy.

title: Determinants for Achieving the XXXX Target of Lipid Control for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity11429 :: (22796,Gene) :: ['LDL-C']


abstract: AIM: Dietary restriction (DR) and @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) induce robust protection against the detrimental effects of @entity8 (I/RI). Several mechanisms of protection have been proposed, such as hormesis. Hormesis is defined as a life-supporting beneficial effect resulting from the cellular responses to single or multiple rounds of (mild) stress. The cold exposure (CE) model is a stress model similar to DR, and has been shown to have hormetic effects and has proved to increase longevity. CE is considered to be the most robust method to increase metabolism through activation of brown adipocytes. BAT has been considered important in etiology of @entity28 and its metabolic consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since DR, @entity4053 , and CE models are proposed to work through hormesis, we investigated physiology of adipose tissue and effect on BAT in these models and compared them to ad libitum (AL) fed @entity19 . We also studied the differential effect of these stress models on immunological changes, and effect of CE on renal I/RI. KEY FINDINGS: We show similar physiological changes in adiposity in male C57Bl/6 @entity19 due to DR, @entity4053 and CE, but the CE @entity19 were not protected against renal I/RI. The immunophenotypic changes observed in the CE @entity19 were similar to the AL animals, in contrast to @entity4053 @entity19 , that showed major immunophenotypic changes in the B and T cell development stages in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings thus demonstrate that DR, @entity4053 and CE are hormetic stress models. DR and @entity4053 protect against renal I/IR, whereas CE could not.

title: Protection against XXXX through hormesis? Dietary intervention versus cold exposure.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia-reperfusion injury']


abstract: AIM: Echocardiographic screening for @entity6331 has been piloted in high-risk areas in New Zealand and internationally, and fulfils most of the criteria for a targeted screening programme. The question of acceptability of @entity6331 screening has not been assessed, and the aim of our study was to assess parental acceptability of a school-based echocardiographic screening programme in a high-risk population in New Zealand. METHODS: A post-screening questionnaire was developed to survey parents of @entity1 who underwent echocardiographic screening. The families of 34 @entity1 with abnormal scan results and a sample of 80 @entity1 with normal scan results were surveyed by phone within 4 months of screening. RESULTS: Positive results were seen in all survey questions in both normal and abnormal scan groups. All families were supportive of an ongoing screening programme. Of @entity1 with abnormal results, 62% of their parents reported that they would treat their @entity1 differently; however, all responses were positive health-promoting outcomes. CONCLUSION: The study showed strong positive support for school-based echocardiographic screening by a community with high @entity4789 incidence. The study did not detect any short-term negative effects in those with abnormal results. The survey result shows family and community support for the establishment of echocardiographic screening programmes in high @entity4789 areas provided there is adequate infrastructural support.

title: Family acceptability of school-based echocardiographic screening for XXXX in a high-risk population in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['acute rheumatic fever']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity403 + T cells ( @entity404 + Tregs and @entity405 + Treg) have been demonstrated to play roles in the maintenance of tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). We have found that @entity403 + y  TCR+ Treg cells (y  Tregs) exerted regulatory functions. In the current study, @entity1 were recruited and divided as non-cGVHD, limited cGVHD and extensive cGVHD groups. Healthy volunteers were recruited as healthy group. Treg cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Serum cytokine levels of @entity1199 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, interferon-y and transforming growth factor-b1 ( @entity2533 ) were evaluated by ELISA. The results showed that percentages of @entity404 + Tregs, @entity405 + Tregs and y  Tregs were all significantly increased in non-cGVHD group compared with those in healthy group, limited cGVHD group and extensive cGVHD group. Moreover, compared with extensive cGVHD group, percentages of these three types of Tregs were significantly increased in limited cGVHD group. The levels of @entity2533 increased dramatically in non-cGVHD group compared with other groups. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the increased levels of @entity2533 and @entity1199 were positively associated with increased Treg subsets, indicating that @entity2533 and @entity1199 participated in the expansion process of @entity403 + Tregs in vivo. Our findings support that increasing the number of Tregs following allo-HSCT would be a preferential strategy for controlling cGVHD. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Reduction of XXXX + T cell subsets involved in incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity403 :: (50943,Gene) :: ['Foxp3']


abstract: @entity4663 are essential for embryonic and fetal survival, growth, and development. Additionally, @entity4663 may induce autophagy in @entity1 cells. However, little is known about the availability of @entity4663 or autophagy in the porcine conceptus with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). The present study was performed to evaluate the developmental changes of @entity4664 concentrations in @entity1592 and normal porcine fetuses as well as autophagic marker levels in the fetal intestinal mucosa during the second half of gestation when most fetal growth occurs. @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ), amniotic fluid (AMF), umbilical vein, and the small-intestinal mucosa were obtained from both @entity1592 and normal fetal @entity1707 at d 60, 90, and 110 of gestation. Concentrations of @entity4663 in fetal fluids as well as protein abundances of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B), an autophagic marker, in the fetal small-intestinal mucosa were determined. Concentrations of @entity4663 varied greatly in different fetal compartments and changed substantially with advancing gestation. Concentrations of @entity4663 in @entity1592 fetal fluids and the small-intestinal mucosa were markedly different from those in their normal counterparts at d 60 and 90 of gestation, whereas most of the differences were not detected by late (d 110) gestation. Specifically, @entity4664 levels were lower in the umbilical vein plasma but higher in @entity5173 and AMF from @entity1592 fetuses. Furthermore, enhanced levels of an autophagic marker were observed in the small-intestinal mucosa of @entity1592 fetuses throughout mid and late gestation in association with abnormal @entity11667 levels in fetal plasma. These findings support the notion that enhanced autophagy may be an important survival mechanism in @entity1592 fetuses. Collectively, our findings provide a new framework for future studies to define the roles for @entity4663 in the prevention and treatment of @entity1592 in both @entity1 medicine and animal production.

title: Developmental changes in XXXX and autophagic marker levels in normal and growth-restricted fetal @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Allantoic fluid', 'ALF']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamines', 'polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: @entity4663 are essential for embryonic and fetal survival, growth, and development. Additionally, @entity4663 may induce autophagy in @entity1 cells. However, little is known about the availability of @entity4663 or autophagy in the porcine conceptus with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). The present study was performed to evaluate the developmental changes of @entity4664 concentrations in @entity1592 and normal porcine fetuses as well as autophagic marker levels in the fetal intestinal mucosa during the second half of gestation when most fetal growth occurs. @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ), amniotic fluid (AMF), umbilical vein, and the small-intestinal mucosa were obtained from both @entity1592 and normal fetal @entity1707 at d 60, 90, and 110 of gestation. Concentrations of @entity4663 in fetal fluids as well as protein abundances of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B), an autophagic marker, in the fetal small-intestinal mucosa were determined. Concentrations of @entity4663 varied greatly in different fetal compartments and changed substantially with advancing gestation. Concentrations of @entity4663 in @entity1592 fetal fluids and the small-intestinal mucosa were markedly different from those in their normal counterparts at d 60 and 90 of gestation, whereas most of the differences were not detected by late (d 110) gestation. Specifically, @entity4664 levels were lower in the umbilical vein plasma but higher in @entity5173 and AMF from @entity1592 fetuses. Furthermore, enhanced levels of an autophagic marker were observed in the small-intestinal mucosa of @entity1592 fetuses throughout mid and late gestation in association with abnormal @entity11667 levels in fetal plasma. These findings support the notion that enhanced autophagy may be an important survival mechanism in @entity1592 fetuses. Collectively, our findings provide a new framework for future studies to define the roles for @entity4663 in the prevention and treatment of @entity1592 in both @entity1 medicine and animal production.

title: Developmental changes in @entity4663 and autophagic marker levels in normal and growth-restricted fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Forty-eight individually fed crossbred steers (initial BW = 381    7.61 kg) were used to determine the effects of @entity653 ( @entity4022 ) concentration in steam-flaked @entity4336 (SFC)-based diets with added yellow grease on animal performance and carcass characteristics. @entity653 was included at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% dietary @entity3918 replacing SFC. A completely randomized design was used with steers as the experimental unit, and the model included the fixed effects of diet. Contrast statements were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of @entity4022 inclusion. Final BW and DMI were not affected ( > 0.27) by @entity4022 concentration. Average daily gain and G:F based on live BW did not differ as @entity4022 level increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of @entity3918 ( > 0.33). Carcass-adjusted final BW and carcass-adjusted G:F were also not affected by @entity4022 concentration ( > 0.22); however, carcass-adjusted ADG tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 inclusion and increasing thereafter ( = 0.10). Calculated dietary NE and NE did not differ as @entity4022 increased in the diet ( > 0.37). Hot carcass weight tended to respond quadratically, decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 and increasing thereafter ( = 0.10). Likewise, dressing percentage tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 inclusion and increasing to 10% @entity4022 inclusion ( = 0.09). Fat thickness decreased linearly as @entity4022 inclusion increased in the diet ( < 0.01); however, no differences were detected in marbling score and LM area ( > 0.21). Calculated yield grade (YG) decreased linearly as @entity4022 increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of @entity3918 ( = 0.04). Based on our results, there was no animal performance benefit for replacing SFC with @entity4022 in diets containing yellow grease, and the only change in carcass merit was a slight improvement in YG.

title: Effects of @entity653 concentration in steam-flaked XXXX -based diets with supplemental yellow grease on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerin', 'glycerin']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: Forty-eight individually fed crossbred steers (initial BW = 381    7.61 kg) were used to determine the effects of @entity653 ( @entity4022 ) concentration in steam-flaked @entity4336 (SFC)-based diets with added yellow grease on animal performance and carcass characteristics. @entity653 was included at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% dietary @entity3918 replacing SFC. A completely randomized design was used with steers as the experimental unit, and the model included the fixed effects of diet. Contrast statements were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of @entity4022 inclusion. Final BW and DMI were not affected ( > 0.27) by @entity4022 concentration. Average daily gain and G:F based on live BW did not differ as @entity4022 level increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of @entity3918 ( > 0.33). Carcass-adjusted final BW and carcass-adjusted G:F were also not affected by @entity4022 concentration ( > 0.22); however, carcass-adjusted ADG tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 inclusion and increasing thereafter ( = 0.10). Calculated dietary NE and NE did not differ as @entity4022 increased in the diet ( > 0.37). Hot carcass weight tended to respond quadratically, decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 and increasing thereafter ( = 0.10). Likewise, dressing percentage tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 inclusion and increasing to 10% @entity4022 inclusion ( = 0.09). Fat thickness decreased linearly as @entity4022 inclusion increased in the diet ( < 0.01); however, no differences were detected in marbling score and LM area ( > 0.21). Calculated yield grade (YG) decreased linearly as @entity4022 increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of @entity3918 ( = 0.04). Based on our results, there was no animal performance benefit for replacing SFC with @entity4022 in diets containing yellow grease, and the only change in carcass merit was a slight improvement in YG.

title: Effects of XXXX concentration in steam-flaked @entity4336 -based diets with supplemental yellow grease on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers.

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerin']


abstract: In @entity5417 immune complexes in inflamed vessel walls characteristically contain immunoglobulin A(IgA). To determine whether IgA is also the predominant immunoglobulin in circulating immune complexes, we compared the results of three immune complex assays with specificities for different classes of immunoglobulins in a longitudinal study of 37 @entity1 (30 @entity1 and seven adults) with @entity5417 . Circulating IgA-containing immune complexes were detected by their reactivity with a low avidity anti-IgA antibody in 27 of the 37 @entity1 . IgA was simultaneously present in cutaneous vessel walls in 95 percent of the @entity1 with circulating IgA-containing immune complexes. High levels of IgA-containing immune complexes were found only during the initial phase of the disease. Immune complexes containing bound complement breakdown products were demonstrated by binding to conglutinin. IgA was found in these immune complexes in 17 patients, IgG in 17 and IgM in nine @entity1 . There was no apparent relation with the class of immunoglobulin in the deposits. Conglutinin-binding immune complexes were present later in the course of the disease and after remission. @entity6300 -binding immune complexes were only found in two @entity1 . These findings suggest that immune complexes-containing IgA may initiate the @entity1333 of @entity5417 , whereas complement-reacted immune complexes containing immunoglobulins of the other classes appear in the circulation in a later phase.

title: Circulating IgA-immune complexes in XXXX . A longitudinal study of their relationship to disease activity and vascular deposition of IgA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ['Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura']

answer: @entity5417 :: (MESH:D011695,Disease) :: ['Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effective treatment of sudden @entity1274 and factors affecting its prognosis. METHOD: The clinical data and follow-up results of 164 @entity1 with sudden @entity1274 were analyzed retrospectively. All the 164 @entity1 were given intravenous vasodilator, neurotrophic drugs treatment, oral @entity229 treatment, and intratympanic @entity619 injection. All @entity1 were divided into low frequency @entity393 type,intermediate frequency @entity393 , high frequency @entity393 , all frequency @entity393 and @entity2319 group. Pure tone hearing threshold test were performed before and 3 months after treatment. All @entity1 and different groups were compared before and after treatment damage frequency of average air conduction and various frequency air conduction hearing. Analysis of gender, age, process and hearing curve type, frequency hearing of impaired before treatment, the symptoms with or without vertigo. RESULT: All the @entity1 ' hearing improved after treatment. The treatment efficiency was 46.3%, and low frequency hearing improvements were better than the high frequency hearing. Including age, process, frequency hearing of impaired before treatment, with or without vertigo isindependent factors influencing its prognosis. CONCLUSION: Based on the regular treatment,oral and intratympanic injection glucocorticoid therapy are safe and effective for sudden @entity393 ,The prognosis and age, course, impaired hearing before curve type, treatment frequency hearing level is closely related, with or without vertigo.

title: [The treatment effects analysis of 164 @entity1 with sudden XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['total deafness']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effective treatment of sudden @entity1274 and factors affecting its prognosis. METHOD: The clinical data and follow-up results of 164 @entity1 with sudden @entity1274 were analyzed retrospectively. All the 164 @entity1 were given intravenous vasodilator, neurotrophic drugs treatment, oral @entity229 treatment, and intratympanic @entity619 injection. All @entity1 were divided into low frequency @entity393 type,intermediate frequency @entity393 , high frequency @entity393 , all frequency @entity393 and @entity2319 group. Pure tone hearing threshold test were performed before and 3 months after treatment. All @entity1 and different groups were compared before and after treatment damage frequency of average air conduction and various frequency air conduction hearing. Analysis of gender, age, process and hearing curve type, frequency hearing of impaired before treatment, the symptoms with or without vertigo. RESULT: All the @entity1 ' hearing improved after treatment. The treatment efficiency was 46.3%, and low frequency hearing improvements were better than the high frequency hearing. Including age, process, frequency hearing of impaired before treatment, with or without vertigo isindependent factors influencing its prognosis. CONCLUSION: Based on the regular treatment,oral and intratympanic injection glucocorticoid therapy are safe and effective for sudden @entity393 ,The prognosis and age, course, impaired hearing before curve type, treatment frequency hearing level is closely related, with or without vertigo.

title: [The treatment effects analysis of 164 XXXX with sudden @entity1274 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']