abstract: BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) cause @entity1986 and are an underappreciated cause of @entity810 . We examined the risk of @entity810 and acute @entity1986 in a large population of older @entity1 receiving PPIs. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study involving Ontario residents aged 66 years and older who initiated PPI therapy between Apr. 1, 2002, and Nov. 30, 2011. We used propensity score matching to establish a highly comparable reference group of control @entity1 . The primary outcome was hospital admission with @entity810 within 120 days, and a secondary analysis examined acute @entity1986 . We used Cox proportional hazards regression to adjust for differences between groups. RESULTS: We studied 290  592 individuals who commenced PPI therapy and an equal number of matched controls. The rates of @entity810 (13.49 v. 5.46 per 1000 @entity1 -years, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] 2.52, 95% CI 2.27 to 2.79) and acute @entity1986 (0.32 vs. 0.11 per 1000 @entity1 -years; HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.14) were higher among @entity1 given PPIs than among controls. INTERPRETATION: In our study population of older adults, those who started PPI therapy had an increased risk of @entity810 and acute @entity1986 . These are potentially reversible conditions that may not be readily attributed to drug treatment. Clinicians should appreciate the risk of acute @entity1986 during treatment with PPIs, monitor @entity1 appropriately and discourage the indiscriminate use of these drugs.

title: Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of @entity810 in older XXXX : a population-based cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study is to identify the myocardial changes in severely malnourished @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, observational study, conducted for a period of 1   year, enrolled 200 @entity1 (120 males and 80 females) between 6   months and 5   years of age with severe @entity7493 , according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. The parents were duly informed, the study was explained and written consent was obtained. A random selection of cases was carried out, and they were further divided into five groups according to their age as follows: <1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5   years. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were taken at the time of admission for all the cases and the control group and were taken again after nutritional therapy either at the time of discharge or after a fortnight. The differences were then compared. RESULTS: On admission, 32% of cases had flat P-wave, out of which 75% reverted to normal with therapy. Similarly, 84% of cases had increased corrected QT interval at the time of admission. ST segment was depressed only in 8% of cases. 88% of cases had altered (flat to depressed) T wave at the time of admission. With the help of nutritional supplementation, all these abnormalities were back to a normal level at the time of discharge. CONCLUSION: Electrocardiographic changes may be of help in assessing the severity and prognosis of severe acute @entity3147 . The reversibility of ECG changes with dietary treatment suggests that the cardiac changes are not permanent in nature and may not affect adult life if the @entity3147 is corrected. The cardiac status as denoted by heart rate remained the same even after a fortnight, suggesting that prolonged therapy and assessment of cardiac status is warranted even after fortnight therapy.

title: To Identify Myocardial Changes in Severely Malnourished XXXX : A Prospective Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: To investigate the factors responsible for the morning rise in blood pressure (BP) in @entity27 ( @entity27 ) we examined a group of 253 consecutive snorers or @entity27 @entity1 . On the basis of their AHI the @entity1 were classified in four groups. BP was measured on the evening before sleep onset and on the following morning after 15 min of rest by a finger arterial pressure device (Finapres). In 150 subjects BP was monitored during the night by a Finapres device. In the morning BP increased in the @entity1 group with an average difference of 9.9 +/- 0.5 mmHg for systolic ( @entity13519 ) and 9.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg for diastolic pressure ( @entity13520 ). The increase was significant in snorers and @entity27 @entity1 without differences between groups. The morning rise in @entity13519 was related to diurnal values of @entity13519 , age and AHI whereas the time spent in @entity386 and the diurnal values of @entity13520 significantly contributed to the @entity13520 increase. In the subgroup of 150 @entity1 in whom BP was analyzed during sleep, the awakening increase was related to the absolute BP value during sleep and to the BP changes from wakefulness to sleep. The magnitude of the BP changes from evening to morning was not dependent on the degree of BP variability during sleep. We conclude that the awakening increase in BP in @entity1 with snoring or @entity27 may be mediated by the setting of pressure response to @entity386 or to mechanical effort during sleep. Anthropometric variables and diurnal cardiovascular setting may play an additional role in modulating the final pressure response to upper @entity1224 .

title: Determinants of the awakening rise in systemic blood pressure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: Currently numerous clinical trials are in progress utilizing intracarotid (i.c.) @entity3600 (BCNU) for the treatment of @entity11 based upon the proposed focal nature of these @entity5 and the assumption that the i.c. route delivers higher levels of drug to the @entity5 . To date, however, increased efficacy in an animal model has not been clearly demonstrated for the i.c. delivery of BCNU. We have evaluated the dose-response curve for the i.v. and i.c. administration of @entity3600 in a commonly utilized experimental @entity1313 model, the 9L @entity35 @entity3038 . An initial @entity137 trial utilizing the i.p. 10% lethal dose (LD10) of BCNU by the i.v. and i.c. routes failed to demonstrate any significance in @entity137 between the two routes. Tumor-bearing animals were then treated on Day 15-16 after @entity5 inoculations with 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the LD10 dose by either the i.v. or the i.c. route. Both i.v. and i.c. BCNU gave maximum survival increases at 75-100% LD10 doses, and there was no therapeutic advantage seen from i.c. delivery. However, at 50% of the LD10 dose (6.65 mg/kg), triplicate experiments demonstrated that the i.c. but not the i.v. dose maintained maximum efficacy equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given either i.v. or i.c. When the dose was reduced to 25% of the LD10 dose (3.33 mg/kg), two of three experiments showed efficacy of the i.c. delivery of this lower drug dosage to be equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given i.v. or i.c. The i.v. dosage resulted in a significant reduction in survival in all three trials. At 10% of the LD10 dose (1.30 mg/kg), neither the i.v. nor the i.c. administration retained equivalent efficacy to 100% of the LD10. However, in one of two trials, the i.c. groups had statistically better survival than controls, while in neither experiment was any advantage over controls seen in the i.v. treated groups. At 1% of the LD10 dose, neither the i.v. nor the i.c. route demonstrated any therapeutic efficacy. From our data, the advantage of the i.c. delivery of BCNU in the intracranial 9L @entity35 @entity3038 appears to be in the fact that significantly lower dosages than those given i.v. may be utilized to achieve equivalent survival with potentially less systemic @entity137 .

title: Comparison of intravenous versus intracarotid therapy with XXXX in a @entity35 @entity1313 model.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', '1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

answer: @entity3600 :: (MESH:D002330,Chemical) :: ['1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']


abstract: Currently numerous clinical trials are in progress utilizing intracarotid (i.c.) @entity3600 (BCNU) for the treatment of @entity11 based upon the proposed focal nature of these @entity5 and the assumption that the i.c. route delivers higher levels of drug to the @entity5 . To date, however, increased efficacy in an animal model has not been clearly demonstrated for the i.c. delivery of BCNU. We have evaluated the dose-response curve for the i.v. and i.c. administration of @entity3600 in a commonly utilized experimental @entity1313 model, the 9L @entity35 @entity3038 . An initial @entity137 trial utilizing the i.p. 10% lethal dose (LD10) of BCNU by the i.v. and i.c. routes failed to demonstrate any significance in @entity137 between the two routes. Tumor-bearing animals were then treated on Day 15-16 after @entity5 inoculations with 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the LD10 dose by either the i.v. or the i.c. route. Both i.v. and i.c. BCNU gave maximum survival increases at 75-100% LD10 doses, and there was no therapeutic advantage seen from i.c. delivery. However, at 50% of the LD10 dose (6.65 mg/kg), triplicate experiments demonstrated that the i.c. but not the i.v. dose maintained maximum efficacy equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given either i.v. or i.c. When the dose was reduced to 25% of the LD10 dose (3.33 mg/kg), two of three experiments showed efficacy of the i.c. delivery of this lower drug dosage to be equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given i.v. or i.c. The i.v. dosage resulted in a significant reduction in survival in all three trials. At 10% of the LD10 dose (1.30 mg/kg), neither the i.v. nor the i.c. administration retained equivalent efficacy to 100% of the LD10. However, in one of two trials, the i.c. groups had statistically better survival than controls, while in neither experiment was any advantage over controls seen in the i.v. treated groups. At 1% of the LD10 dose, neither the i.v. nor the i.c. route demonstrated any therapeutic efficacy. From our data, the advantage of the i.c. delivery of BCNU in the intracranial 9L @entity35 @entity3038 appears to be in the fact that significantly lower dosages than those given i.v. may be utilized to achieve equivalent survival with potentially less systemic @entity137 .

title: Comparison of intravenous versus intracarotid therapy with @entity3600 in a @entity35 XXXX model.

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: Currently numerous clinical trials are in progress utilizing intracarotid (i.c.) @entity3600 (BCNU) for the treatment of @entity11 based upon the proposed focal nature of these @entity5 and the assumption that the i.c. route delivers higher levels of drug to the @entity5 . To date, however, increased efficacy in an animal model has not been clearly demonstrated for the i.c. delivery of BCNU. We have evaluated the dose-response curve for the i.v. and i.c. administration of @entity3600 in a commonly utilized experimental @entity1313 model, the 9L @entity35 @entity3038 . An initial @entity137 trial utilizing the i.p. 10% lethal dose (LD10) of BCNU by the i.v. and i.c. routes failed to demonstrate any significance in @entity137 between the two routes. Tumor-bearing animals were then treated on Day 15-16 after @entity5 inoculations with 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the LD10 dose by either the i.v. or the i.c. route. Both i.v. and i.c. BCNU gave maximum survival increases at 75-100% LD10 doses, and there was no therapeutic advantage seen from i.c. delivery. However, at 50% of the LD10 dose (6.65 mg/kg), triplicate experiments demonstrated that the i.c. but not the i.v. dose maintained maximum efficacy equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given either i.v. or i.c. When the dose was reduced to 25% of the LD10 dose (3.33 mg/kg), two of three experiments showed efficacy of the i.c. delivery of this lower drug dosage to be equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given i.v. or i.c. The i.v. dosage resulted in a significant reduction in survival in all three trials. At 10% of the LD10 dose (1.30 mg/kg), neither the i.v. nor the i.c. administration retained equivalent efficacy to 100% of the LD10. However, in one of two trials, the i.c. groups had statistically better survival than controls, while in neither experiment was any advantage over controls seen in the i.v. treated groups. At 1% of the LD10 dose, neither the i.v. nor the i.c. route demonstrated any therapeutic efficacy. From our data, the advantage of the i.c. delivery of BCNU in the intracranial 9L @entity35 @entity3038 appears to be in the fact that significantly lower dosages than those given i.v. may be utilized to achieve equivalent survival with potentially less systemic @entity137 .

title: Comparison of intravenous versus intracarotid therapy with @entity3600 in a XXXX @entity1313 model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: Modern chemoradiotherapy used for the treatment of @entity5 has significant acute @entity137 . Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may reduce these side-effects. We report our experience implementing IMRT with simultaneous boost at the @entity5 Centre and Royal North Shore Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected acute @entity137 data on all consecutive @entity1 treated definitively with IMRT between January 2008 and December 2011. @entity1 received concurrent @entity1487 and @entity1138 . The radiotherapy dose varied by stage in accordance with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0529 protocol. The first 30 plans were evaluated for adherence to RTOG 0529 dose specifications. Locoregional control and survival outcomes were analysed in July 2014. RESULTS: We included 42 @entity1 (stage I 12%; II 41%; III 45%) with a median follow-up time of 43 months. At 3 years the locoregional control was 94% (95% confidence interval: 78-99), overall survival was 92% (95% confidence interval: 78-97), disease-free survival was 89% (95% confidence interval: 73-96), @entity3 -free survival was 89% (95% confidence interval: 73-96) and colostomy-free survival was 89% (95% confidence interval: 72-96). There was no acute grade 4 @entity137 . Acute grade 3 @entity137 rates were: dermatological (33%), gastrointestinal (14%) and haematological (19%). Twenty-six per cent of @entity1 were hospitalised for treatment-related @entity137 . Only 12% required a treatment break greater than 3 days. All @entity1 achieved RTOG 0529 planning target volume dose specifications. Most critical organ dose constraints were either met or met with minor deviation. The exception was 76% major deviation in small bowel constraints. Despite this no increase in gastrointestinal @entity137 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT with simultaneous integrated boost is safe and well tolerated in an unselected population. Most dose specifications are achievable. Excellent locoregional control and survival outcomes are achievable outside of a clinical trial setting.

title: Implementing Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy with Simultaneous Integrated Boost for XXXX : 3 Year Outcomes at Two Sydney Institutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Sydney Cancer', 'anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Anal Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. No cure currently exists for @entity179 , which cause @entity1939 in millions of @entity1 worldwide. Electrical retinal prostheses have been developed by several groups with the goal of restoring vision lost to these diseases, but electrical stimulation has limitations. It excites both somas and axons, activating retinal pathways nonphysiologically, and limits spatial resolution because of current spread. Chemical stimulation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) using the neurotransmitter @entity2227 has been suggested as an alternative to electrical stimulation with some significant advantages. However, sufficient scientific data to support developing a chemical-based retinal prosthesis is lacking. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a neurotransmitter-based retinal prosthesis and determine therapeutic stimulation parameters. Approach. We injected controlled amounts of @entity2227 into @entity35 retinas from the epiretinal side ex vivo via micropipettes using a pressure injection system and recorded RGC responses with a multielectrode array. Responsive units were identified using a spike rate threshold of 3 Hz. Main results. We recorded both somal and axonal units and demonstrated successful glutamatergic stimulation across different RGC subtypes. Analyses show that exogenous @entity2227 acts on RGC synapses similar to endogenous @entity2227 and, unlike electrical prostheses, stimulates only RGC somata. The spatial spread of @entity2227 stimulation was [Formula: see text]  m from the injection site, comparable to current electrical prostheses. Further, the @entity2227 injections produced spatially differential responses in OFF, ON, and ON-OFF RGC subtypes, suggesting that differential stimulation of the OFF and ON systems may be possible. A temporal resolution of 3.2 Hz was obtained, which is a rate suitable for spatial vision. Significance. We provide strong support for the feasibility of an epiretinal neurotransmitter-based retinal prosthesis. Our findings suggest that chemical stimulation of RGCs is a viable alternative to electrical stimulation and could offer distinct advantages such as the selective stimulation of RGC somata.

title: Chemical stimulation of XXXX retinal neurons: feasibility of an epiretinal neurotransmitter-based prosthesis.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['partial or total blindness']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degenerative diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity161 is the most devastating @entity1032 that causes severe deterioration in social and occupational functioning. This is a pilot study for family-based association analysis of @entity161 in a Korean population to search candidate genes functionally relevant and positionally on chromosome 18. METHODS: We have recruited 27 probands (with @entity716 ) with their parents and siblings whenever possible. We analyzed 20 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) of seven neuronal genes in chromosome 18 for DNA samples that was checked for the data quality and genotype error. For testing of association, we performed family-based association tests analyses with each individual SNP, using the phenotype of @entity716 . And then, we performed family-based association tests haplotype analyses with each individual SNP, using the phenotype of @entity716 . Finally, we performed linkage disequilibrium analyses for the phenotype of @entity161 . RESULTS: We found one significant SNPs of one neuronal gene in chromosome 18 (P value   <   0.05) for the qualitative phenotype of @entity716 ( @entity71705 : @entity47410 ). We also found significant haplotypes of four SNPs in @entity47410 ( @entity47410 ) gene of chromosome 18 (P value   <   0.1) for the phenotype of @entity716 ( @entity71705 - @entity71706 - @entity71707 - @entity71708 ). Two SNPS within the @entity47410 gene ( @entity71708 , @entity71709 ), plus SNPs within the malic enzyme 2 ( @entity71710 , @entity71711 ), and @entity1594 genes ( @entity71712 , @entity71713 ) were in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (D'   >   0.60). DISCUSSION: The present findings provide convergent evidence (fine mapping of a chromosomal locus 18q21 associated with @entity161 ) suggesting that a specific @entity47410 could be a candidate gene for causing a spectrum of @entity161 phenotype.

title: Pilot study for family-based association analysis of XXXX in a Korean population: Analysis for candidate genes positionally on chromosome 18q21.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity47410 :: ('5596', 'Gene') :: ['MAPK4', 'mitogen-activated protein kinase 4']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction We aimed to identify causes of false-positives in ultrasound scanning of synovial/tenosynovial/bursal @entity32 and provide corresponding imaging examples. Methods We first performed systematic literature review to identify previously reported causes of false-positives. We next determined causes of false-positives and corresponding example images for educational material through Delphi exercises and discussion by 15 experts who were an instructor and/or a lecturer in the 2013 advanced course for musculoskeletal ultrasound organized by Japan College of Rheumatology Committee for the Standardization of Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography (JCR-CoSMUS). Results Systematic literature review identified 11 articles relevant to sonographic false-positives of @entity32 . Based on these studies, 21 candidate causes of false-positives were identified in the consensus meeting. Of these items, 11 achieved a pre-defined consensus (>=  80 %) in Delphi exercise and were classified as follows: I. Gray-scale assessment (A. Non-specific synovial findings, B. Normal anatomical structures which can mimic @entity75 due to either their low echogenicity or anisotropy); II. Doppler assessment (A. Intra-articular normal vessels, B. Reverberation). Twenty-four corresponding examples with 49 still and 23 video images also achieved consensus. Conclusions Our study provides a set of representative images that can help sonographers to understand false-positives in ultrasound scanning of @entity603 and @entity2762 .

title: Consensus-based identification of factors related to false-positives in ultrasound scanning of XXXX and @entity2762 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['synovial lesions']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['synovial/tenosynovial inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction We aimed to identify causes of false-positives in ultrasound scanning of synovial/tenosynovial/bursal @entity32 and provide corresponding imaging examples. Methods We first performed systematic literature review to identify previously reported causes of false-positives. We next determined causes of false-positives and corresponding example images for educational material through Delphi exercises and discussion by 15 experts who were an instructor and/or a lecturer in the 2013 advanced course for musculoskeletal ultrasound organized by Japan College of Rheumatology Committee for the Standardization of Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography (JCR-CoSMUS). Results Systematic literature review identified 11 articles relevant to sonographic false-positives of @entity32 . Based on these studies, 21 candidate causes of false-positives were identified in the consensus meeting. Of these items, 11 achieved a pre-defined consensus (>=  80 %) in Delphi exercise and were classified as follows: I. Gray-scale assessment (A. Non-specific synovial findings, B. Normal anatomical structures which can mimic @entity75 due to either their low echogenicity or anisotropy); II. Doppler assessment (A. Intra-articular normal vessels, B. Reverberation). Twenty-four corresponding examples with 49 still and 23 video images also achieved consensus. Conclusions Our study provides a set of representative images that can help sonographers to understand false-positives in ultrasound scanning of @entity603 and @entity2762 .

title: Consensus-based identification of factors related to false-positives in ultrasound scanning of @entity603 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2762 :: (MESH:D013717,Disease) :: ['tenosynovitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a case series of thoracic bite trauma in @entity235 and @entity468 and to evaluate risk factors for mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study concerning thoracic bite wounds in @entity235 and @entity468 was performed. Lesions were categorized by depth of penetration: no wound, superficial, deep or penetrating. Thoracic radiographic reports were reviewed. Lesion management was classified as non-surgical, wound exploration, or explorative thoracotomy. RESULTS: Sixty-five cases were collected. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 with normal respiratory patterns showed thoracic radiographic lesions. Respiratory distress was not correlated with mortality. Twenty-eight @entity1 were presented with superficial wounds and 13 with @entity130 . Eight @entity1 exhibited penetrating wounds. Radiographic lesions were observed in 77% of @entity235 and 100% of @entity468 . Explorative thoracotomy was performed in 28% of @entity1 , and surgical wound exploration in 17.2%. With the exception of @entity272 , thoracic wall discontinuity was the most frequent lesion. Thoracotomy was associated with increased length of hospitalisation but was not correlated with mortality. The mortality rate was 15.4%. No studied factor correlated with mortality, and the long-term outcomes were excellent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A penetrating injury, more than three radiographic lesions, or both together seemed to be indicative of the need for a thoracotomy. In the absence of these criteria, systematic bite wound explorative surgery is recommended, with extension to thoracotomy if thoracic body wall disruption is observed.

title: XXXX in @entity235 and @entity468 : a retrospective study of 65 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin wounds']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['deep wounds']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Thoracic bite trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a case series of thoracic bite trauma in @entity235 and @entity468 and to evaluate risk factors for mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study concerning thoracic bite wounds in @entity235 and @entity468 was performed. Lesions were categorized by depth of penetration: no wound, superficial, deep or penetrating. Thoracic radiographic reports were reviewed. Lesion management was classified as non-surgical, wound exploration, or explorative thoracotomy. RESULTS: Sixty-five cases were collected. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 with normal respiratory patterns showed thoracic radiographic lesions. Respiratory distress was not correlated with mortality. Twenty-eight @entity1 were presented with superficial wounds and 13 with @entity130 . Eight @entity1 exhibited penetrating wounds. Radiographic lesions were observed in 77% of @entity235 and 100% of @entity468 . Explorative thoracotomy was performed in 28% of @entity1 , and surgical wound exploration in 17.2%. With the exception of @entity272 , thoracic wall discontinuity was the most frequent lesion. Thoracotomy was associated with increased length of hospitalisation but was not correlated with mortality. The mortality rate was 15.4%. No studied factor correlated with mortality, and the long-term outcomes were excellent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A penetrating injury, more than three radiographic lesions, or both together seemed to be indicative of the need for a thoracotomy. In the absence of these criteria, systematic bite wound explorative surgery is recommended, with extension to thoracotomy if thoracic body wall disruption is observed.

title: @entity130 in @entity235 and XXXX : a retrospective study of 65 cases.

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a case series of thoracic bite trauma in @entity235 and @entity468 and to evaluate risk factors for mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study concerning thoracic bite wounds in @entity235 and @entity468 was performed. Lesions were categorized by depth of penetration: no wound, superficial, deep or penetrating. Thoracic radiographic reports were reviewed. Lesion management was classified as non-surgical, wound exploration, or explorative thoracotomy. RESULTS: Sixty-five cases were collected. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 with normal respiratory patterns showed thoracic radiographic lesions. Respiratory distress was not correlated with mortality. Twenty-eight @entity1 were presented with superficial wounds and 13 with @entity130 . Eight @entity1 exhibited penetrating wounds. Radiographic lesions were observed in 77% of @entity235 and 100% of @entity468 . Explorative thoracotomy was performed in 28% of @entity1 , and surgical wound exploration in 17.2%. With the exception of @entity272 , thoracic wall discontinuity was the most frequent lesion. Thoracotomy was associated with increased length of hospitalisation but was not correlated with mortality. The mortality rate was 15.4%. No studied factor correlated with mortality, and the long-term outcomes were excellent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A penetrating injury, more than three radiographic lesions, or both together seemed to be indicative of the need for a thoracotomy. In the absence of these criteria, systematic bite wound explorative surgery is recommended, with extension to thoracotomy if thoracic body wall disruption is observed.

title: @entity130 in XXXX and @entity468 : a retrospective study of 65 cases.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of multiple primary @entity1697 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 1015 @entity1 who were treated during follow up for @entity5 at Tokyo Medical and Dental University between March 2001 and December 2012. We compared the clinical characteristics of 961 @entity1 who developed single primary @entity957 ( @entity6461 ) during follow up and 54 @entity1 who subsequently developed multiple primary @entity189 in the oral cavity. RESULTS: Mean age at first diagnosis was significantly higher in @entity1 with multiple primary @entity189 . Multiple primary @entity189 showed a female predilection, were most prevalent in the gingiva, and tended to show @entity5 and nodal stages than single primary @entity189 . The local recurrence rate was higher for multiple primary @entity189 , and it increased with the number of multiple primary occurrences. The disease-specific survival rate at 10years for @entity1 with single primary @entity189 was 85.3% and that for @entity1 with multiple primary @entity189 was 79.6%. The cumulative incidence rate for metachronous second multiple primary @entity189 after the onset of first @entity189 at 10years was 8.0%. The recurrence of multiple primary @entity189 did not decrease the survival rate. CONCLUSION: Differences were found in the clinical characteristics between @entity1 with single oral @entity6461 and those with multiple primary @entity1697 . Early diagnosis and treatment as well as close long-term follow up are needed for @entity1 with multiple primary @entity1697 .

title: Clinical characteristics of multiple primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the oral cavity', 'oral carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer', 'earlier tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinomas than single primary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['carcinomas of the oral cavity']


abstract: Serum @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were examined in @entity1 with @entity1378 due to @entity66 (TNG) before and during antithyroid drug therapy. A total of 32 @entity1 were studied; 23 @entity1 (14 with @entity2743 and nine with TNG) were in a @entity1378 state (group A) and nine @entity1 (four with @entity2743 and five with TNG) were in a euthyroid state, under @entity5012 or @entity3937 treatment (group B). Ten @entity1378 @entity1 from group A (seven with @entity2743 and three with TNG) were also examined while euthyroid on treatment (Subgroup A). Serum was taken from all @entity1 for the measurement of sIL-2R, @entity1356 , total T4 (TT4), total T3 (TT3) and TSH concentrations. The results were compared with those from 30 normal controls. Serum sIL-2R levels were higher in Group A (671.3 +/- 74.0 U @entity64137 , mean +/- SE), than in Group B (214.1 +/- 61.8 U @entity64137 ) and controls (149 +/- 14.8 U @entity64137 ), P < 0.001. Similarly, the subgroup of 10 @entity1 had higher levels of sIL-2R during the @entity1378 phase than while euthyroid (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between sIL-2R values and levels of T4 and T3. In contrast, serum @entity1356 levels were higher in Group B @entity1 (197.5 +/- 39.2 pg @entity64137 ) compared with those in Group A (66.5 +/- 17 pg @entity64137 , P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased serum XXXX during treatment of @entity1378 with antithyroid drugs.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease (GD) and toxic nodular goitre"]

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['carbimazole']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1 beta']


abstract: Serum @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were examined in @entity1 with @entity1378 due to @entity66 (TNG) before and during antithyroid drug therapy. A total of 32 @entity1 were studied; 23 @entity1 (14 with @entity2743 and nine with TNG) were in a @entity1378 state (group A) and nine @entity1 (four with @entity2743 and five with TNG) were in a euthyroid state, under @entity5012 or @entity3937 treatment (group B). Ten @entity1378 @entity1 from group A (seven with @entity2743 and three with TNG) were also examined while euthyroid on treatment (Subgroup A). Serum was taken from all @entity1 for the measurement of sIL-2R, @entity1356 , total T4 (TT4), total T3 (TT3) and TSH concentrations. The results were compared with those from 30 normal controls. Serum sIL-2R levels were higher in Group A (671.3 +/- 74.0 U @entity64137 , mean +/- SE), than in Group B (214.1 +/- 61.8 U @entity64137 ) and controls (149 +/- 14.8 U @entity64137 ), P < 0.001. Similarly, the subgroup of 10 @entity1 had higher levels of sIL-2R during the @entity1378 phase than while euthyroid (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between sIL-2R values and levels of T4 and T3. In contrast, serum @entity1356 levels were higher in Group B @entity1 (197.5 +/- 39.2 pg @entity64137 ) compared with those in Group A (66.5 +/- 17 pg @entity64137 , P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased serum @entity1356 during treatment of XXXX with antithyroid drugs.

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the longitudinal course of negative symptoms, especially in relationship to functioning, in the early phase of @entity161 is crucial to developing intervention approaches. The course of negative symptoms and daily functioning was examined over a 1-year period following a recent onset of @entity161 and at an 8-year follow-up point. METHODS: The study included 149 recent-onset @entity161 @entity1 who had a mean age of 23.7 (SD=4.4)years and mean education of 12.9 (SD=2.2)years. Negative symptom (BPRS and @entity12269 ) and functional outcome (SCORS) assessments were conducted frequently by trained raters. RESULTS: After antipsychotic medication stabilization, negative symptoms during the first outpatient year were moderately stable (BPRS ICC=0.64 and @entity12269 ICC=0.66). Despite this overall moderate stability, 24% of @entity1 experienced at least one period of negative symptoms exacerbation. Furthermore, entry level of negative symptoms was significantly associated with poor social functioning (r=-.34, p<.01) and work/school functioning (r=-.25, p<.05) at 12months, and with negative symptoms at the 8-year follow-up (r=.29, p<.05). DISCUSSION: Early negative symptoms are fairly stable during the first outpatient year, are predictors of daily functioning at 12months, and predict negative symptoms 8years later. Despite the high levels of stability, negative symptoms did fluctuate in a subsample of @entity1 . These findings suggest that negative symptoms may be an important early course target for intervention aimed at promoting recovery.

title: Negative symptoms and functioning during the first year after a recent onset of XXXX and 8years later.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Five @entity1 had severe generalized @entity2414 , which lasted for several months after anterior communicating @entity438 surgery. Two of them had no signs of @entity75 . They were @entity911 for not more than four days after surgery. One of them performed normally on the non-memory tests and short-term memory tests. Cues did not substantially improve his poor memory performance. The other @entity1 had similar test results, but he had poor imagination in an inkblot perception test. Three @entity1 had @entity75 . Two of them were restless, @entity911 and confabulating, with one showing apathetic and stereotyped behaviour for more than a month after surgery. On the memory tests they showed disinhibition of irrelevant associations or deficient initiative. Cueing markedly improved their poor retrieval. These defects seem to be associated with @entity75 and can affect memory but are not obligatory features of @entity2730 .

title: XXXX after surgery of anterior communicating @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of memory']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['Amnesic syndromes']


abstract: Five @entity1 had severe generalized @entity2414 , which lasted for several months after anterior communicating @entity438 surgery. Two of them had no signs of @entity75 . They were @entity911 for not more than four days after surgery. One of them performed normally on the non-memory tests and short-term memory tests. Cues did not substantially improve his poor memory performance. The other @entity1 had similar test results, but he had poor imagination in an inkblot perception test. Three @entity1 had @entity75 . Two of them were restless, @entity911 and confabulating, with one showing apathetic and stereotyped behaviour for more than a month after surgery. On the memory tests they showed disinhibition of irrelevant associations or deficient initiative. Cueing markedly improved their poor retrieval. These defects seem to be associated with @entity75 and can affect memory but are not obligatory features of @entity2730 .

title: @entity2730 after surgery of anterior communicating XXXX .

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine preoperative predictors associated with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and unfavorable pathology in small renal masses treated with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1625 records from 5 centers were retrospectively queried for @entity1 with a clinically localized single @entity5 <4cm on imaging (clinical @entity13712 ). Between 2007 and 2013, 1,009 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Unfavorable pathology was defined as any grade III or IV @entity1358 or @entity5 upstaged to pathologic T3a disease. @entity2357 models were used to determine preoperative characteristics associated with @entity1358 and with unfavorable pathology. RESULTS: A total of 771 (76.4%) @entity1 were found to have @entity1358 and 198 (19.6%) had unfavorable pathology. On multivariate, bootstrap-adjusted logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the presence of @entity5 were imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; P = 0.040), male sex (OR = 1.88; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.64; P = 0.005). These same factors were independently associated with risk of unfavorable pathology: size>= 3cm (OR = 1.46; P = 0.021), male sex (OR = 2.35; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.49; P = 0.015). The c statistic was 0.62 for the predicting @entity5 and 0.63 for unfavorable pathology. CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-institutional cohort, male sex, imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm, and nephrometry score>= 8 were predictors of @entity1358 and adverse pathology following @entity1625 . These factors may assist in risk stratification and selective renal mass biopsy before decision making. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings.

title: Preoperative predictors of @entity5 and unfavorable pathology for clinical @entity13712 @entity5 treated with XXXX : A multi-institutional analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['partial nephrectomy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine preoperative predictors associated with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and unfavorable pathology in small renal masses treated with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1625 records from 5 centers were retrospectively queried for @entity1 with a clinically localized single @entity5 <4cm on imaging (clinical @entity13712 ). Between 2007 and 2013, 1,009 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Unfavorable pathology was defined as any grade III or IV @entity1358 or @entity5 upstaged to pathologic T3a disease. @entity2357 models were used to determine preoperative characteristics associated with @entity1358 and with unfavorable pathology. RESULTS: A total of 771 (76.4%) @entity1 were found to have @entity1358 and 198 (19.6%) had unfavorable pathology. On multivariate, bootstrap-adjusted logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the presence of @entity5 were imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; P = 0.040), male sex (OR = 1.88; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.64; P = 0.005). These same factors were independently associated with risk of unfavorable pathology: size>= 3cm (OR = 1.46; P = 0.021), male sex (OR = 2.35; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.49; P = 0.015). The c statistic was 0.62 for the predicting @entity5 and 0.63 for unfavorable pathology. CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-institutional cohort, male sex, imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm, and nephrometry score>= 8 were predictors of @entity1358 and adverse pathology following @entity1625 . These factors may assist in risk stratification and selective renal mass biopsy before decision making. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings.

title: Preoperative predictors of @entity5 and unfavorable pathology for clinical XXXX @entity5 treated with @entity1625 : A multi-institutional analysis.

answer: @entity13712 :: (10630,Gene) :: ['T1a']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine preoperative predictors associated with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and unfavorable pathology in small renal masses treated with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1625 records from 5 centers were retrospectively queried for @entity1 with a clinically localized single @entity5 <4cm on imaging (clinical @entity13712 ). Between 2007 and 2013, 1,009 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Unfavorable pathology was defined as any grade III or IV @entity1358 or @entity5 upstaged to pathologic T3a disease. @entity2357 models were used to determine preoperative characteristics associated with @entity1358 and with unfavorable pathology. RESULTS: A total of 771 (76.4%) @entity1 were found to have @entity1358 and 198 (19.6%) had unfavorable pathology. On multivariate, bootstrap-adjusted logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the presence of @entity5 were imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; P = 0.040), male sex (OR = 1.88; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.64; P = 0.005). These same factors were independently associated with risk of unfavorable pathology: size>= 3cm (OR = 1.46; P = 0.021), male sex (OR = 2.35; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.49; P = 0.015). The c statistic was 0.62 for the predicting @entity5 and 0.63 for unfavorable pathology. CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-institutional cohort, male sex, imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm, and nephrometry score>= 8 were predictors of @entity1358 and adverse pathology following @entity1625 . These factors may assist in risk stratification and selective renal mass biopsy before decision making. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings.

title: Preoperative predictors of XXXX and unfavorable pathology for clinical @entity13712 @entity5 treated with @entity1625 : A multi-institutional analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine preoperative predictors associated with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and unfavorable pathology in small renal masses treated with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1625 records from 5 centers were retrospectively queried for @entity1 with a clinically localized single @entity5 <4cm on imaging (clinical @entity13712 ). Between 2007 and 2013, 1,009 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Unfavorable pathology was defined as any grade III or IV @entity1358 or @entity5 upstaged to pathologic T3a disease. @entity2357 models were used to determine preoperative characteristics associated with @entity1358 and with unfavorable pathology. RESULTS: A total of 771 (76.4%) @entity1 were found to have @entity1358 and 198 (19.6%) had unfavorable pathology. On multivariate, bootstrap-adjusted logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the presence of @entity5 were imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; P = 0.040), male sex (OR = 1.88; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.64; P = 0.005). These same factors were independently associated with risk of unfavorable pathology: size>= 3cm (OR = 1.46; P = 0.021), male sex (OR = 2.35; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.49; P = 0.015). The c statistic was 0.62 for the predicting @entity5 and 0.63 for unfavorable pathology. CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-institutional cohort, male sex, imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm, and nephrometry score>= 8 were predictors of @entity1358 and adverse pathology following @entity1625 . These factors may assist in risk stratification and selective renal mass biopsy before decision making. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings.

title: Preoperative predictors of @entity5 and unfavorable pathology for clinical @entity13712 XXXX treated with @entity1625 : A multi-institutional analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: A five-year review (1979 to 1983) of 41 @entity1 with active @entity378 at the time of @entity204 was performed to determine the cause of @entity204 . Twenty @entity204 (49 percent) were directly attributed to @entity378 . Overwhelming @entity378 was the cause of @entity204 for seven @entity1 , and among them the majority had strikingly low serum levels of albumin. Ten @entity1 died of either massive hemoptysis or @entity1576 . Only two @entity1 died due to progressive @entity3013 in an area where drug resistance is common. The majority of @entity1 (21/41; 51 percent) died of common medical problems unrelated to @entity378 . Eleven @entity1 died from @entity66 ( @entity1151 , one @entity1576 due to @entity1030 , two acute @entity583 , and two primary @entity943 ). Three @entity204 were the result of @entity360 , and three @entity1 died as a result of bacterial superinfection. Our data indicate that @entity1 still die of @entity378 in the era of effective antituberculosis therapy. It is imperative that clinicians are aware that @entity1151 , @entity299 , bacterial superinfection, and @entity360 cause approximately 50 percent of the @entity204 among @entity1 who have @entity378 and that prompt recognition and treatment of those diseases might decrease the mortality from @entity378 .

title: XXXX . Cause of @entity204 in antibiotic era.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'five pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous disease', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: A five-year review (1979 to 1983) of 41 @entity1 with active @entity378 at the time of @entity204 was performed to determine the cause of @entity204 . Twenty @entity204 (49 percent) were directly attributed to @entity378 . Overwhelming @entity378 was the cause of @entity204 for seven @entity1 , and among them the majority had strikingly low serum levels of albumin. Ten @entity1 died of either massive hemoptysis or @entity1576 . Only two @entity1 died due to progressive @entity3013 in an area where drug resistance is common. The majority of @entity1 (21/41; 51 percent) died of common medical problems unrelated to @entity378 . Eleven @entity1 died from @entity66 ( @entity1151 , one @entity1576 due to @entity1030 , two acute @entity583 , and two primary @entity943 ). Three @entity204 were the result of @entity360 , and three @entity1 died as a result of bacterial superinfection. Our data indicate that @entity1 still die of @entity378 in the era of effective antituberculosis therapy. It is imperative that clinicians are aware that @entity1151 , @entity299 , bacterial superinfection, and @entity360 cause approximately 50 percent of the @entity204 among @entity1 who have @entity378 and that prompt recognition and treatment of those diseases might decrease the mortality from @entity378 .

title: @entity378 . Cause of XXXX in antibiotic era.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic drainage of @entity9007 is a new nonsurgical treatment modality. We retrospectively studied the efficacy of endoscopic drainage of @entity9007 in 37 @entity1 with chronic @entity788 . METHODS: Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage was performed in 12 @entity1 , endoscopic cystogastrostomy in 10 @entity1 , and endoscopic cystoduodenostomy in 7 @entity1 . In the remaining 8 @entity1 , combinations of drainage routes were used. RESULTS: ECG failed in 3 @entity1 . Procedure-related complications were seen in 6 @entity1 : bleeding in 3, perforation in 2, and @entity386 in 1 @entity1 . There was no procedure-related mortality. Seven @entity1 had complications in relation to stents or drains: @entity281 due to stent clogging in 2, stent migration in 4, and kinking of the drain in 1 @entity1 . Twenty-four @entity1 had complete resolution of @entity9007 , 7 had partial resolution, and 6 had no resolution. Three @entity1 had @entity9007 . Mean follow-up was 32 months. Finally, 10 @entity1 underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic drainage was technically feasible in 92% of the @entity1 . Procedure-related morbidity was 16% and mortality was 0%. Endoscopic drainage was a definitive treatment for two thirds of the @entity1 (65%). Surgery can be reserved for those @entity1 in whom endoscopic therapy fails.

title: The efficacy of endoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst infection']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pseudocyst recurrences', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: The dose distributions that can be achieved with protons are usually superior to those of conventional photon external-beam radiation. There are special cases where proton therapy may offer a substantial potential benefit compared to photon treatments where @entity137 concerns dominate. Re-irradiation may theoretically be made safer with proton therapy due to lower cumulative lifetime doses to sensitive tissues, such as the spinal cord. Proton therapy has been used in a limited number of @entity1 with rectal, pancreatic, esophageal, and @entity2 . @entity242 require particularly high radiation doses, posing additional challenges for re-irradiation. @entity706 is another special case where proton therapy may be advantageous. Late @entity137 from even relatively low radiation doses, including @entity299 and second @entity5 , are of concern in @entity706 @entity1 with high cure rates and long life expectancies. Proton therapy has begun to be used for consolidation after chemotherapy in @entity1 with Hodgkin and @entity1893 . @entity0 is another emerging area of proton therapy development and use. Proton therapy may offer advantages compared to other techniques in the setting of breast boosts, accelerated partial breast irradiation, and post-mastectomy radiotherapy. In these settings, proton therapy may decrease @entity137 associated with breast radiotherapy. As techniques are refined in proton therapy, we may be able to improve the therapeutic ratio by maintaining the benefits of radiotherapy while better minimizing the risks.

title: Special Cases for Proton Beam Radiotherapy: Re-irradiation, @entity706 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['Chordomas and soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: The dose distributions that can be achieved with protons are usually superior to those of conventional photon external-beam radiation. There are special cases where proton therapy may offer a substantial potential benefit compared to photon treatments where @entity137 concerns dominate. Re-irradiation may theoretically be made safer with proton therapy due to lower cumulative lifetime doses to sensitive tissues, such as the spinal cord. Proton therapy has been used in a limited number of @entity1 with rectal, pancreatic, esophageal, and @entity2 . @entity242 require particularly high radiation doses, posing additional challenges for re-irradiation. @entity706 is another special case where proton therapy may be advantageous. Late @entity137 from even relatively low radiation doses, including @entity299 and second @entity5 , are of concern in @entity706 @entity1 with high cure rates and long life expectancies. Proton therapy has begun to be used for consolidation after chemotherapy in @entity1 with Hodgkin and @entity1893 . @entity0 is another emerging area of proton therapy development and use. Proton therapy may offer advantages compared to other techniques in the setting of breast boosts, accelerated partial breast irradiation, and post-mastectomy radiotherapy. In these settings, proton therapy may decrease @entity137 associated with breast radiotherapy. As techniques are refined in proton therapy, we may be able to improve the therapeutic ratio by maintaining the benefits of radiotherapy while better minimizing the risks.

title: Special Cases for Proton Beam Radiotherapy: Re-irradiation, XXXX , and @entity0 .

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative analgesia is crucial for early functional excise after total knee arthroplasty. To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound and nerve stimulator guided continuous femoral @entity616 analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: 46 @entity1 with ASA grade I-III who underwent total knee arthroplasty received postoperative analgesia from October 2012 to January 2013. In 22 @entity1 , ultrasound and nerve stimulator guided continuous femoral @entity616 were performed for analgesia (CFNB group); in 24 @entity1 , epidural analgesia was done (PCEA group). The analgesic effects, side effects, articular recovery and complications were compared between two groups. RESULTS: At 6h and 12h after surgery, the knee @entity158 score (VAS score) during functional tests after active exercise and after passive excise in CFNB were significantly reduced when compared with PCEA group. The amount of @entity14340 used in CFNB @entity1 was significantly reduced when compared with PCEA group. At 48h after surgery, the muscle strength grade in CFNB group was significantly higher, and the time to ambulatory activity was shorter than those in PCEA group. The incidence of @entity1209 in CFNB @entity1 was significantly reduced when compared with PCEA group. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and nerve stimulator guided continuous femoral @entity616 provide better analgesia at 6h and 12h, demonstrated by RVAS and PVAS. The amount of @entity14340 also reduces, the incidence of @entity1209 decreased, the influence on muscle strength is compromised and @entity1 can perform ambulatory activity under this condition.

title: Ultrasound and nerve stimulator guided continuous femoral XXXX analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a multicenter randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Serpins are a family of @entity563 protease inhibitors that regulate physiological functions and are found widely in animals, plants and microorganisms. However, there are few reports on the role of serpins in the @entity21397 , @entity21397 . We cloned two serpin genes from @entity24334 , named Esserpin-2 and Esserpin-3. Quantitative and semi-quantitative real-time PCR results showed that Esserpin-3 mRNA transcripts were detected in all the examined @entity24334 tissues, but were most highly expressed in immune tissues, including the gills, hepatopancreas and intestines. Lower levels of Esserpin-3 expression were detected in the accessory gland, testis and stomach, while the muscle and heart showed minimal expression. Esserpin-3 was differentially expressed throughout testis developmental stages. Esserpin-3 protein was localized in the tube wall and lumen of the accessory gland. In the testes, Esserpin-3 was detected in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. As Esserpin-3 was also detected in the sperm contained within the seminal vesicles, it is suggested to be an intrinsic sperm protein. During the acrosome reaction, Esserpin-3 expression reduced gradually and @entity2402 after the reaction. Together, our results indicate that Esserpin-3 is an intrinsic sperm protein involved in regulation of sperm maturation and the acrosome reaction in @entity24334 .

title: Characterization and expression analysis of serpins in the XXXX @entity21397 .

entities_list: @entity21397 :: ('95602', 'Species') :: ['Chinese mitten crab', 'Eriocheir sinensis']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['completely disappeared']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity21397 :: (95602,Species) :: ['Chinese mitten crab']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Serpins are a family of @entity563 protease inhibitors that regulate physiological functions and are found widely in animals, plants and microorganisms. However, there are few reports on the role of serpins in the @entity21397 , @entity21397 . We cloned two serpin genes from @entity24334 , named Esserpin-2 and Esserpin-3. Quantitative and semi-quantitative real-time PCR results showed that Esserpin-3 mRNA transcripts were detected in all the examined @entity24334 tissues, but were most highly expressed in immune tissues, including the gills, hepatopancreas and intestines. Lower levels of Esserpin-3 expression were detected in the accessory gland, testis and stomach, while the muscle and heart showed minimal expression. Esserpin-3 was differentially expressed throughout testis developmental stages. Esserpin-3 protein was localized in the tube wall and lumen of the accessory gland. In the testes, Esserpin-3 was detected in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. As Esserpin-3 was also detected in the sperm contained within the seminal vesicles, it is suggested to be an intrinsic sperm protein. During the acrosome reaction, Esserpin-3 expression reduced gradually and @entity2402 after the reaction. Together, our results indicate that Esserpin-3 is an intrinsic sperm protein involved in regulation of sperm maturation and the acrosome reaction in @entity24334 .

title: Characterization and expression analysis of serpins in the @entity21397 XXXX .

answer: @entity21397 :: (95602,Species) :: ['Eriocheir sinensis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the short- and long-term outcomes in @entity1 with @entity30 who have undergone strictureplasty. DESIGN: A retrospective review with a prospective follow-up (mean 54.4 months [range from 4 to 108 months]). SETTING: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto. @entity1 : Forty-three @entity1 (29 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 ) who underwent 154 strictureplasties for @entity30 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 32.5 years (range from 17 to 55 years). INTERVENTION: Strictureplasty by either the Heineke-Mikulicz (145 strictureplasties) or the Finney (9 strictureplasties) technique in the duodenum, small intestine and at the site of the previous @entity254 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors studied for symptomatic recurrence included the type of procedure previously performed, the type of strictureplasty, the number of previous operations and the site of the disease. RESULTS: There were no deaths. There was one documented leak. Twenty-six @entity1 remained symptom free during the follow-up period. Fourteen @entity1 required reoperation for progressive @entity3885 . None of the differences in the variables studied was statistically significant when related to the symptomatic recurrence rate. However, only 2 of 11 @entity1 who had strictureplasty as the only procedure have required reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Strictureplasty is a safe and useful procedure in the management of extensive obstructive @entity30 . Strictureplasty does not seem to alter the natural history of the disease.

title: Natural history of strictureplasty in XXXX : 9-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cell types and patterns of cell distribution associated with @entity3356 in the membranes of @entity1 who undergo revision of hip arthroplasty. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Three university-affiliated hospitals. @entity1 : Twenty-nine @entity1 who underwent revision of a hip arthroplasty for reasons other than @entity281 . Eight @entity1 were excluded because loosening of the prosthesis was found to be associated with @entity281 , leaving 21 @entity1 , 18 with @entity1349 and 3 with recurrent dislocation. INTERVENTION: Retrieval of inflammatory membranes from loosened total hip prostheses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of aerobic and anaerobic tissue cultures, number of macrophages, T cells and B cells, and presence and histologic pattern of particulate debris in the membranes. RESULTS: None of the tissue cultures grew any organisms. All membranes contained T cells and macrophages, but B cells were present in only three @entity1 at a low level. Particulate debris, surrounded by macrophages and @entity5744 cells, was present in all membranes. Three histologic patterns were noted: type I--mostly fibrous tissue with cells and macrophages widely scattered through membrane (3 membranes); type II--fibrous membrane with a significant number of T cells, macrophages and @entity5744 cells and well-defined @entity6401 (7 membranes); type III--diffusely scattered T cells, ill-defined @entity738 , "foamy" macrophages and fewer @entity5744 cells than in type II (11 membranes). CONCLUSIONS: These findings document the key cellular elements involved in cell-mediated immunity in association with @entity3356 in aseptically loosened total hip arthroplasty membranes. T-cell amplification of the innate macrophage inflammatory reaction to particulate debris may play a role in the mechanism of particle clearance.

title: The inflammatory response to XXXX in total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['particulate wear debris']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body giant']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6401 :: ('MESH:D015745', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity3356 :: (MESH:D057085,Disease) :: ['particulate wear debris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A pilot study to evaluate the surgical and functional results of resection and reconstruction of diaphyseal @entity5 with cemented and uncemented intercalary allografts. DESIGN: A retrospective case series. SETTING: A quaternary care unit within a teaching hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-two @entity1 with diaphyseal @entity5 treated between 1988 and 1992, with mean follow-up of 38 months (range from 20 to 70 months). INTERVENTIONS: Diagnostic biopsy in all @entity1 . Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1893 . En-bloc excision of all @entity5 . Reconstruction of the defect with cemented (15 @entity1 ) or uncemented (7 @entity1 ) intercalary allografts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nonunion at one or both osteosynthesis sites, death from @entity262 , amputation. RESULTS: Six of the 22 @entity1 died of @entity262 with the graft intact, and 3 subsequently had amputation for either local recurrence (2 @entity1 ) or failure of free tissue transfer (1 @entity1 ), leaving 13 @entity1 alive with the allograft in situ at an average of 36 months (range from 24 to 64 months). There were no revision procedures to remove or replace the original allograft. Five @entity1 had nonunion at one or more osteosynthesis sites on plain radiographs 9 months after resection. Four @entity1 with nonunion were in the cemented group of 13 @entity1 available for assessment at 9 months, and 1 was in the uncemented group of 5 @entity1 available for assessment at 9 months. There were two graft fractures, both in the uncemented group. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study offer guarded support for the use of pressurized cement in allografts prior to reconstruction of intercalary defects.

title: The effect of intramedullary cement on intercalary allograft reconstruction of bone defects after XXXX resection: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: We report longitudinal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI (7 T) studies designed to identify functional changes, prior to volume changes, in trastuzumab-sensitive and resistant @entity1722 + @entity0 xenografts. Athymic @entity19 (N = 33) were subcutaneously implanted with trastuzumab-sensitive (BT474) or trastuzumab-resistant (HR6) @entity0 cells. Tumor-bearing animals were distributed into four groups: BT474 treated and control, HR6 treated and control. DW- and DCE-MRI were conducted at baseline, day 1, and day 4; trastuzumab (10 mg/kg) or saline was administered at baseline and day 3. Animals were sacrificed on day 4 and @entity5 resected for histology. Voxel-based DW- and DCE-MRI analyses were performed to generate parametric maps of ADC, K(trans), and ve. On day 1, no differences in @entity5 size were observed between any of the groups. On day 4, significant differences in @entity5 size were observed between treated vs. control BT474, treated BT474 vs. treated HR6, and treated vs. control HR6 (P < .0001). On day 1, ve was significantly higher in the BT474 treated group compared to BT474 control (P = .002) and HR6 treated (P = .004). On day 4, ve and K(trans) were significantly higher in the treated BT474 @entity5 compared to BT474 controls (P = .0007, P = .02, respectively). A significant decrease in Ki67 staining reinforced response in the BT474 treated group compared to BT474 controls (P = .02). This work demonstrated that quantitative MRI biomarkers have the sensitivity to differentiate treatment response in @entity1722 + @entity5 prior to changes in @entity5 size.

title: Evaluating treatment response using DW-MRI and DCE-MRI in trastuzumab responsive and resistant XXXX -overexpressing human @entity0 xenografts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: We report longitudinal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI (7 T) studies designed to identify functional changes, prior to volume changes, in trastuzumab-sensitive and resistant @entity1722 + @entity0 xenografts. Athymic @entity19 (N = 33) were subcutaneously implanted with trastuzumab-sensitive (BT474) or trastuzumab-resistant (HR6) @entity0 cells. Tumor-bearing animals were distributed into four groups: BT474 treated and control, HR6 treated and control. DW- and DCE-MRI were conducted at baseline, day 1, and day 4; trastuzumab (10 mg/kg) or saline was administered at baseline and day 3. Animals were sacrificed on day 4 and @entity5 resected for histology. Voxel-based DW- and DCE-MRI analyses were performed to generate parametric maps of ADC, K(trans), and ve. On day 1, no differences in @entity5 size were observed between any of the groups. On day 4, significant differences in @entity5 size were observed between treated vs. control BT474, treated BT474 vs. treated HR6, and treated vs. control HR6 (P < .0001). On day 1, ve was significantly higher in the BT474 treated group compared to BT474 control (P = .002) and HR6 treated (P = .004). On day 4, ve and K(trans) were significantly higher in the treated BT474 @entity5 compared to BT474 controls (P = .0007, P = .02, respectively). A significant decrease in Ki67 staining reinforced response in the BT474 treated group compared to BT474 controls (P = .02). This work demonstrated that quantitative MRI biomarkers have the sensitivity to differentiate treatment response in @entity1722 + @entity5 prior to changes in @entity5 size.

title: Evaluating treatment response using DW-MRI and DCE-MRI in trastuzumab responsive and resistant @entity1722 -overexpressing human XXXX xenografts.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impacts of @entity1 age and gender on immune response (IR) and clinical outcome after @entity5 vaccines are not known. We hypothesized younger and female @entity1 would have higher IR rates and better survival. METHODS: @entity1 with resected stage IIB-IV @entity320 in three clinical trials (Mel43, Mel44, Mel48) were vaccinated with 12 @entity320 -associated peptides restricted by class I MHC. The cumulative incidence rate of @entity405 (+) T cell responses (direct interferon-gamma ELIspot assay) by week 7 was compared by age and gender. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) landmark analyses were compared by Kaplan-Meier estimates and in multivariate analyses. RESULTS: T cell responses were evaluated in 327 @entity1 and detected in 50  % of males and 48  % of females, with no difference in IR by gender or menopausal status. Males had trends toward longer DFS (p  =  0.12) and @entity1349 (p  =  0.09). Cumulative incidence of IR was higher in @entity1 <64  years of age versus older @entity1 (p  =  0.03). @entity1349 and DFS were similar by age group (p  >  0.50). In multivariate modeling, younger age was associated with better IR (OR 0.40, p value 0.003), without an impact of age or gender on clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: These data support the hypothesis that older @entity1 are less likely to develop T cell responses to a @entity5 vaccine. Nonetheless, significant proportions of older @entity1 mount immune responses with comparable survival outcomes. Thus, these data support including older @entity1 in @entity5 vaccine trials, but suggest value in stratifying @entity1 by age </>64  years.

title: Defining the effects of age and gender on immune response and outcomes to XXXX vaccination: a retrospective analysis of a single-institution clinical trials' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Monitoring and management of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) are fundamental to modern neurotraumatology. Although never formally proven to independently improve outcome in prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, there is such a predominance of indirect support for this modality that most neurotrauma protocols are impossible with-out its inclusion and ethical considerations virtually preclude placebo-controlled trials of its efficacy. In addition to the question of improving outcome, @entity428 monitoring is also useful in guiding the use of potentially harmful treatment modalities such as hyperventilation, @entity2656 , and barbiturates, and also provides important prognostic data. @entity428 monitoring provides information on the likelihood of @entity1779 of the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Although there is no constant threshold for herniation, the most commonly used treatment threshold is 20 to 25 mm Hg. In addition, @entity428 trends are indispensable in providing the earliest possible indication of critical intracranial mass effects when combined with other clinical indicators. CPP is the difference between mean arterial pressure and @entity428 . CPP is an important clinical indicator of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Cerebral autoregulation generally remains at least partially preserved after severe @entity542 , although the CPP value at which it is activated appears to be shifted upward. Therefore, maintaining adequate CBF appears to require using an elevated minimal CPP threshold when treating the injured brain. A generally accepted value of 70 mm Hg is suggested.

title: Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral herniation and allows calculation']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The rapid identification of existing and emerging @entity10201 viruses is crucial in combating outbreaks and epidemics. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is a rapid and reliable identification method in bacterial diagnostics, but has not been used in virological diagnostics. Mass spectrometry systems have been investigated for the identification of @entity10201 viruses. However, sample preparation methods were laborious and time-consuming. In this study, a reliable and rapid sample preparation method was developed allowing identification of cultured @entity10201 viruses. Tenfold serial dilutions of ten cultures influenza A strains, mixed samples of @entity11317 with @entity14536 or @entity10201 , and reconstituted clinical samples were treated with the developed sample preparation method. Subsequently, peptides were subjected to @entity66 and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). The influenza A strains were identified to the subtype level within 3h with @entity66 and 6h with LC- @entity15 / @entity15 , excluding the culturing time. The sensitivity of LC- @entity15 / @entity15 was higher compared to @entity66 . In addition, LC- @entity15 / @entity15 was able to discriminate between two viruses in mixed samples and was able to identify virus from reconstituted clinical samples. The development of an improved and rapid sample preparation method allowed generic and rapid identification of cultured @entity10201 viruses by mass spectrometry.

title: Rapid and generic identification of influenza A and other XXXX viruses with mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity14536 :: ('162145', 'Species') :: ['human metapneumovirus']

entities_list: @entity10201 :: ('12814', 'Species') :: ['respiratory', 'respiratory syncytial virus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry', 'MALDI-TOF MS']

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

answer: @entity10201 :: (12814,Species) :: ['respiratory']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) is an excessive form of calorie restriction (CR) associated with pathological @entity353 and alterations of the immune system. However, @entity1278 @entity1 seem to be protected from common @entity1800 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the metabolic and molecular adaptations induced by sustained extreme CR in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of @entity1 with restrictive alimentary @entity1278 . DESIGN: Inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were measured in 15 young (age range, 15-24 years) @entity1278 female @entity1 and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Isolated PBMCs were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry, and glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were determined by measuring the extracellular acidification and @entity26 consumption rate. Stress resistance to @entity274 and the antioxidant transcriptional profile of PBMCs and @entity1 fibroblasts incubated with sera from @entity1278 @entity1 were also determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1278 @entity1 (BMI, 15.9  0.4kg/m(2)) had significantly fewer leucocytes, lymphocytes and NK cells, lower serum concentrations of leptin, @entity442 and sTNFR1, and higher levels of @entity1254 , sCD40L and sICAM-1 (p<0.05). @entity1356 , @entity310 , and @entity650 produced by PBMC cultured with autologous serum for 48h were significantly lower in @entity1278 @entity1 than in controls (p<0.01). Moreover, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were lower, and the antioxidant transcriptional profile was higher in the PBMCs of @entity1278 @entity1 . Fibroblasts cultured in serum from @entity1278 @entity1 showed a 24% increase in resistance to @entity274 damage. CONCLUSIONS: Extreme CR in @entity1278 @entity1 is associated with a reduction in several immune cell populations, but with higher antioxidant potential, stress resistance and an anti-inflammatory status.

title: Immune-metabolic profiling of anorexic XXXX reveals an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess dose area products (DAP) and @entity24882 ( @entity24882 ) of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in @entity1 using optimized protocols on a modern flat detector unit. METHODS: DAP and @entity24882 were evaluated in 651 VCUG (316 @entity1 , median age: 2.25  years) between 2009 and 2012. DAP was analyzed in relation to @entity1 characteristics (gender, age, presence of pathological findings) and experience of performing physician using analysis of variance. @entity24882 values were estimated using adapted conversion factors from the literature. Diagnostic image quality was validated by two experienced physicians using a 3-point scale. RESULTS: Median DAP/ @entity24882 was 0.5  cGycm(2)/4.56   Sv ( @entity1 : 0.6  cGycm(2)/6.16   Sv; @entity1 : 0.4  cGycm(2)/3.54   Sv). In 300 studies without pathologic findings DAP was 0.35  cGycm(2), whereas 351 studies with pathologic findings had a median DAP of 0.7  cGycm(2). No significant relationship between DAP and experience of radiologist was observed. Image validation resulted in an overall good to excellent rating. CONCLUSIONS: DAP and @entity24882 can be markedly reduced in paediatric VCUG performed with optimized protocols on modern equipment without a noticeable decrease in diagnostic image quality. KEY POINTS:     Voiding cystourethrography is a comprehensive examination in diagnosing @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ).     Radiation reduction is achieved in VCUG through modern equipment and optimized protocols.     Low-dose VCUG is possible without noticeable decrease in diagnostic image quality.

title: Ultra low-dose VCUG in XXXX using a modern flat detectorunit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'effective doses']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux', 'VUR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity9466 is an @entity1200 characterized by @entity784 and chronic superficial @entity281 . We report on three @entity1 with @entity9466 who developed autoantibodies to erythrocytes. Our first @entity1 , a 19-year-old female, developed @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) that required multiple courses of treatment, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and @entity1872 . During the last exacerbation of @entity5506 , intensive treatment with @entity288 and intravenous immunoglobulin failed and yet the @entity1 responded to plasmapheresis. Our second @entity1 , a 21-year-old male, developed @entity5506 which responded to oral corticosteroid therapy. Our third @entity1 , a 6-year-old female without evidence of @entity2142 , was found to have erythrocyte autoantibodies on routine screening. These three @entity1 had positive direct antiglobulin tests, and the first @entity1 had both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM erythrocyte autoantibodies, while the remaining two @entity1 had only IgG autoantibody. This is the first report of the association of @entity5506 with @entity9466 . We suggest that all @entity1 with @entity9466 be screened periodically for erythrocyte autoantibodies. Plasmapheresis, a safe ancillary procedure in the management of @entity5506 , may be life-saving in some cases. The occurrence of erythrocyte autoantibodies in @entity9466 may be related to @entity74 in this disease.

title: XXXX in @entity9466 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity9466 :: ('MESH:D002178', 'Disease') :: ['chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis', 'Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis', 'mucocutaneous candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['candidal infections']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency disease']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['immunoregulatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: @entity9466 is an @entity1200 characterized by @entity784 and chronic superficial @entity281 . We report on three @entity1 with @entity9466 who developed autoantibodies to erythrocytes. Our first @entity1 , a 19-year-old female, developed @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) that required multiple courses of treatment, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and @entity1872 . During the last exacerbation of @entity5506 , intensive treatment with @entity288 and intravenous immunoglobulin failed and yet the @entity1 responded to plasmapheresis. Our second @entity1 , a 21-year-old male, developed @entity5506 which responded to oral corticosteroid therapy. Our third @entity1 , a 6-year-old female without evidence of @entity2142 , was found to have erythrocyte autoantibodies on routine screening. These three @entity1 had positive direct antiglobulin tests, and the first @entity1 had both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM erythrocyte autoantibodies, while the remaining two @entity1 had only IgG autoantibody. This is the first report of the association of @entity5506 with @entity9466 . We suggest that all @entity1 with @entity9466 be screened periodically for erythrocyte autoantibodies. Plasmapheresis, a safe ancillary procedure in the management of @entity5506 , may be life-saving in some cases. The occurrence of erythrocyte autoantibodies in @entity9466 may be related to @entity74 in this disease.

title: @entity5506 in XXXX .

answer: @entity9466 :: (MESH:D002178,Disease) :: ['chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis']


abstract: The electrophysiologic effects of intravenous (i.v.) and oral @entity2779 were evaluated in 14 @entity1 with @entity3153 and in 10 @entity1 with @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 . The effective refractory periods of the right atrium and the AV node increased after both preparations. In @entity1 with @entity3153 , i.v. @entity2779 blocked anterograde accessory pathway conduction in 2 @entity1 and retrograde conduction in 1; during oral therapy, accessory pathway conduction block occurred in 2 additional @entity1 . The mean cycle length of the @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) increased from 338 +/- 60 ms to 387 +/- 56 ms (p less than 0.05) after i.v. application, and from 336 +/- 65 ms to 367 +/- 65 ms (p less than 0.05) during oral @entity2779 . The shortest pacing interval maintaining a 1:1 AV conduction increased from 325 +/- 65 ms to 368 +/- 81 ms (p less than 0.05) after i.v. infusion, and from 333 +/- 57 ms to 369 +/- 75 ms (p less than 0.05) during oral therapy. There was no difference in the electrophysiologic effects between i.v. and oral @entity2779 . The induction of @entity4710 was prevented by i.v. @entity2779 in 10 of 20 @entity1 and in 4 additional @entity1 with oral @entity2779 . During follow-up, 6 of 7 @entity1 , whose @entity4710 could not be initiated by electrophysiologic drug testing, remained free from recurrences, whereas 5 of 7 @entity1 with inducible @entity591 had recurrences of @entity4710 . Thus, in @entity1 with @entity4710 , @entity2779 prolonged accessory pathway and AV nodal conduction and had a beneficial effect on circus @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Usefulness of programmed stimulation in predicting efficacy of XXXX in long-term antiarrhythmic therapy for paroxysmal @entity4710 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) nodal']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['movement tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: The electrophysiologic effects of intravenous (i.v.) and oral @entity2779 were evaluated in 14 @entity1 with @entity3153 and in 10 @entity1 with @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 . The effective refractory periods of the right atrium and the AV node increased after both preparations. In @entity1 with @entity3153 , i.v. @entity2779 blocked anterograde accessory pathway conduction in 2 @entity1 and retrograde conduction in 1; during oral therapy, accessory pathway conduction block occurred in 2 additional @entity1 . The mean cycle length of the @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) increased from 338 +/- 60 ms to 387 +/- 56 ms (p less than 0.05) after i.v. application, and from 336 +/- 65 ms to 367 +/- 65 ms (p less than 0.05) during oral @entity2779 . The shortest pacing interval maintaining a 1:1 AV conduction increased from 325 +/- 65 ms to 368 +/- 81 ms (p less than 0.05) after i.v. infusion, and from 333 +/- 57 ms to 369 +/- 75 ms (p less than 0.05) during oral therapy. There was no difference in the electrophysiologic effects between i.v. and oral @entity2779 . The induction of @entity4710 was prevented by i.v. @entity2779 in 10 of 20 @entity1 and in 4 additional @entity1 with oral @entity2779 . During follow-up, 6 of 7 @entity1 , whose @entity4710 could not be initiated by electrophysiologic drug testing, remained free from recurrences, whereas 5 of 7 @entity1 with inducible @entity591 had recurrences of @entity4710 . Thus, in @entity1 with @entity4710 , @entity2779 prolonged accessory pathway and AV nodal conduction and had a beneficial effect on circus @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Usefulness of programmed stimulation in predicting efficacy of @entity2779 in long-term antiarrhythmic therapy for paroxysmal XXXX .

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with more than 90 genes associated with the different subtypes. Sequential gene screening is gradually being replaced by next generation sequencing (NGS) applications. METHODS: We designed and validated a targeted NGS panel assay including 56 genes associated with known causes of @entity1897 . We report our findings following NGS panel testing of 448 @entity1 with different types of clinically-suspected @entity1897 . RESULTS: Genetic diagnosis was achieved in 137 @entity1 (31  %) and involved 195 pathogenic variants in 31 genes. 93 @entity1 had pathogenic variants in genes where a resulting phenotype follows dominant inheritance, 32 in genes where this would follow recessive inheritance, and 12 presented with @entity1112 . Almost half of the diagnosed @entity1 (64) had a pathogenic variant either in genes not previously available for routine diagnostic testing in a UK laboratory (50 @entity1 ) or in genes whose primary clinical association was not @entity1897 (14). Seven @entity1 had a pathogenic variant in a gene not hitherto indicated from their phenotype and three @entity1 had more than one pathogenic variant, explaining their complex phenotype and providing information essential for accurate prediction of recurrence risks. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that targeted gene panel testing is an unbiased approach which overcomes the limitations imposed by limited existing knowledge for rare genes, reveals high heterogeneity, and provides high diagnostic yield. It is therefore a highly efficient and cost effective tool for achieving a genetic diagnosis for @entity1897 .

title: Application of targeted multi-gene panel testing for the diagnosis of XXXX provides a high diagnostic yield with unexpected phenotype-genotype variability.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['IPN', 'Inherited peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disease']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['inherited peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective: This study examines the efficacy of the @entity4783 transdermal system (BTDS) for reducing the interference of @entity158 on physical and emotional functioning associated with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). Methods: A post-hoc analysis used data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1643 . The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) measured @entity158 interference at screening, following a run-in period, and during the 12-week double-blind treatment phase. Statistical analyses examined treatment arm differences (BTDS vs placebo) for the following: BPI Interference subscale items and subscale scores at the trial end point (week 12); patterns of change in the Interference subscale scores over time; proportions of @entity1 indicating mild or no interference following treatment; and proportions of @entity1 showing improvement (30%, 50%, 2-point, or 4-point change in score from screening to week 12) for each item and subscale. Results: Mean scores for BPI Interference items and Interference subscale were significantly lower (ie, indicated less interference) for BTDS than for placebo (all P < 0.001). Treatment arm differences in Interference subscale scores emerged within 4 weeks of treatment. The BTDS @entity1 were significantly more likely to indicate mild/no interference on 5 of 7 Interference subscale items following treatment (P < 0.05). For most comparisons, BTDS @entity1 were significantly more likely to show criterion-level improvements in Interference item and subscale scores (P < 0.05 for differences). Discussion: Results indicate the efficacy of BTDS treatment, compared with placebo, for reducing the interference of @entity158 on physical and emotional functioning in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1643 . The advantage of BTDS was observed within 4 weeks of treatment, and was maintained throughout the 12-week treatment phase.

title: @entity4783 transdermal system compared with placebo reduces interference in functioning for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']