abstract: BACKGROUND: Organ-sparing pancreatic resection is important in prophylactic surgery for @entity5 . There is controversy regarding the optimal surgical approach for @entity660 in the neck or proximal body of the @entity788 . Central compared with distal pancreatectomy is technically more challenging, but preserves more functional pancreatic tissue. Because of the prophylactic nature of the surgery and long survival of @entity1 with benign and borderline malignant lesions, surgeons need to stratify greater importance to surgical morbidity and sparing @entity788 . @entity1 : The @entity1 is a 59-year-old active @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity5 of the @entity788 exhibiting high-risk imaging features. The cyst of 2.2  *  1.8  cm in the body of the @entity788 was impinging on the portal venous confluence. TECHNIQUE: The @entity1 was positioned in the French Position, the lesser sac was opened, and the pancreatic body exposed. A retropancreatic tunnel was created with staple division of the neck. The body was mobilized off the portal vein and splenic vessels transected. A retrogastric pancreaticogastrostomy was sewn through an anterior gastrotomy. The stent was delivered past the pylorus to decrease pancreatic enzymatic activation. Pathology demonstrated a mixed predominantly branch duct IPMN with multifocal high grade @entity1141 and PanIN3. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ultrasound helps in defining cyst borders, and minimal @entity190 optimizes visualization during the dissection. A minimally invasive pancreaticogastrostomy created through an anterior gastrotomy is technically feasible and safe. This approach can minimize the morbidity of prophylactic pancreatic surgery for @entity1 with @entity5 . Nevertheless, it should not compromise safety, oncologic completeness, or an organ-sparing approach.

title: Total Laparoscopic Central Pancreatectomy with Pancreaticogastrostomy for High-Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic parenchyma', 'pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasms', 'cystic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cystic Neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Often the underlying cause of @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) cannot be found during a routine diagnostic investigation, but paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) could be the culprit. AIM: The objective of the study is to investigate whether advanced echocardiography improves the diagnostic approach for PAF in @entity2806 . METHODS: The study included 286 @entity2806 @entity1 with an echocardiogram in sinus rhythm. @entity1 were divided by PAF occurrence (PAF: n   =   86, non-PAF: n   =   200). PAF was defined as 1 or more reported episodes of @entity955 . Echocardiograms consisted of conventional measures, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and speckle tracking. TDI was performed to acquire myocardial peak velocities during systole/ventricular contraction (global s'), early diastole/ventricular filling (global e'), and late diastole/atrial contraction (global a'). Speckle tracking was performed for myocardial strain analysis, thereby retrieving global longitudinal strain and global strain rate (s, e, a) values. RESULTS: @entity1 with PAF exhibited significantly impaired atrial contractile measures: global a' (-7.0   cm/second versus -5.7   cm/second, P   <   .001) and global strain rate a (.97   second(-1) versus .81   second(-1), P   <   .001). Both were univariable markers of PAF, and along with age remained the only independent significant determinants of PAF after multivariable logistic regression. Area under the curve (AUC) for age, global a', and global strain rate a significantly exceeded AUC for age alone (.79 versus .76, P   =   .032). Cutoff values with the highest sensitivity and specificity for these 3 parameters improved the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity   =   97%, specificity   =   32%, negative predictive value   =   95%, and positive predictive value   =   38%). CONCLUSIONS: Atrial contractile measures by advanced echocardiography are significant determinants of PAF in @entity2806 . However, there is no discriminatory power to make them clinically useful at the current moment.

title: Predicting XXXX in Cerebrovascular Ischemia Using Tissue Doppler Imaging and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'cerebral ischemia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to examine the association between low-grade @entity633 and @entity393 in the non-diabetic population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2013 were used in the analyses. @entity1 were excluded from this study if they were younger than 19 years old, or had urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio (UACR)   >=    30   mg/g or @entity6 . There were 10   608 @entity1 included in this study. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to their UACR tertiles. RESULTS: There were 1560; 1561; and 1552 male and 1982; 1975; and 1978, female @entity1 in the low, middle, and high tertile groups, respectively. The results indicated the association between low-grade @entity633 and the numbers of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) components or Framingham risk score, and the presence of @entity209 or the proportions of @entity1 at high cardiovascular risk. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated an association between the UACR and average hearing threshold (AHT) that was observed in both sexes. Multivariate analyses showed that mean AHTs in the low, middle, and high tertile groups were, respectively, 16.127 dB, 17.139 dB, and 18.604 dB for @entity1 , and 14.842 dB, 15.100 dB, and 16.353 dB, respectively, for @entity1 . Low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency hearing thresholds according to UACR tertiles showed similar trends. In both sexes, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that @entity1 in the low and middle tertile groups had a decreased risk for @entity393 compared to @entity1 in the high tertile group. CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity633 was associated with @entity393 in the non-diabetic @entity1 of this study. Key messages Low-grade @entity633 is associated with @entity209 and cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Low-grade @entity633 is associated with hearing thresholds and @entity393 in the non-diabetic population. @entity1 with low-grade @entity633 may be closely monitored for @entity393 .

title: Association between low-grade @entity633 and XXXX in a non-diabetic Korean population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2013).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impairment']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to examine the association between low-grade @entity633 and @entity393 in the non-diabetic population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2013 were used in the analyses. @entity1 were excluded from this study if they were younger than 19 years old, or had urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio (UACR)   >=    30   mg/g or @entity6 . There were 10   608 @entity1 included in this study. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to their UACR tertiles. RESULTS: There were 1560; 1561; and 1552 male and 1982; 1975; and 1978, female @entity1 in the low, middle, and high tertile groups, respectively. The results indicated the association between low-grade @entity633 and the numbers of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) components or Framingham risk score, and the presence of @entity209 or the proportions of @entity1 at high cardiovascular risk. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated an association between the UACR and average hearing threshold (AHT) that was observed in both sexes. Multivariate analyses showed that mean AHTs in the low, middle, and high tertile groups were, respectively, 16.127 dB, 17.139 dB, and 18.604 dB for @entity1 , and 14.842 dB, 15.100 dB, and 16.353 dB, respectively, for @entity1 . Low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency hearing thresholds according to UACR tertiles showed similar trends. In both sexes, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that @entity1 in the low and middle tertile groups had a decreased risk for @entity393 compared to @entity1 in the high tertile group. CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity633 was associated with @entity393 in the non-diabetic @entity1 of this study. Key messages Low-grade @entity633 is associated with @entity209 and cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Low-grade @entity633 is associated with hearing thresholds and @entity393 in the non-diabetic population. @entity1 with low-grade @entity633 may be closely monitored for @entity393 .

title: Association between low-grade XXXX and @entity393 in a non-diabetic Korean population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2013).

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: An in vivo fish preparation was used that allowed a direct measure of the transport rates of 14 different organic chemicals across the gills of @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). The chemicals, all C14 labeled, were selected from five classes, encompassing a range of @entity10333 -water partition coefficient (log P) values, from 0.23 ( @entity42938 ) to 7.5 ( @entity17040 ). The uptake efficiency (extraction efficiency) of each chemical was determined by monitoring the inspired and expired water of trout exposed to each chemical over an exposure period of 1 to 6 hr. The mean gill extraction efficiency for all chemicals tested varied from a low of 7% to a high of 60%, extracted in a single pall of the chemical across the gills. The extraction efficiency of chemicals with log P or 1 or less were low and showed no relationship to log P. These low extraction efficiencies seen at log P of 1 and below with molecular weights below 100 were indicative of aqueous pore transport. The mean extraction efficiency for chemicals with log P values of 1 to 3 seemed to vary directly with log P, to a maximum of slightly greater than 60%, suggesting that uptake was controlled by the lipid membrane. The mean extraction efficiency for chemicals with log P of 3 to 6 was independent of log P and remained at 60%, which suggested that gill uptake was controlled by aqueous diffusion rates rather than gill membrane permeability. The mean extraction efficiency with mirex (log P = 7.5) decreased to 20%. This behavior was consistent with previous physical models which predict that high log P and melting point (low water solubility) may substantially reduce the rate of accumulation in fish. These studies support the passive diffusion model for the uptake of organics at the gill-water interface.

title: Absorption dynamics of organic chemical transport across trout gills as related to XXXX -water partition coefficient.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Salmo gairdneri', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity42938 :: ('MESH:C510888', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl formate']

answer: @entity10333 :: (CHEBI:37868,Chemical) :: ['octanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2005, the @entity130 in New Zealand was reformed to extend coverage for medical injury removing both 'error' and 'severity' from eligibility criteria. This led to an increase in claiming and claims acceptance rate, thus enlarging the treatment injury claims database. This database provides an unusual 'no-fault' perspective of @entity1 safety events. METHODS: The authors analysed the first 4 years of primary care treatment injury claims data to identify the type, incidence, severity and cause of injury in primary care. RESULTS: There were 6007 primary care treatment injury claims; 64% were accepted as @entity130 . Most claims arose in general practice (62%), and most claimants were female (62%). Most claims were assessed as minor (83%), 12% major, 4% serious and 1% sentinel. Medication caused most @entity130 (38%) and most serious and sentinel @entity130 (60%). Dental treatment caused 16% of @entity130 ; injections and vaccinations combined caused 10%; and venepuncture, cryotherapy and ear syringing combined caused 13.5% of @entity130 , mostly minor. 'Delay in diagnosis' caused few @entity130 overall (2%), but a disproportionate number of serious and sentinel @entity130 (16%) and @entity204 (50%). Spinal/ neck manipulation caused 2% of serious and sentinel @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: New Zealand's no-fault treatment injury claims database provides information about primary care @entity1 safety events from an unusual 'no-fault' perspective. This analysis reinforces previous research identifying medication as a high-risk primary care activity and further identifies other primary care activities (dental care, injections, venepuncture, cryotherapy and ear syringing) as carrying important risks for @entity1 harm.

title: No-fault compensation for treatment injury in New Zealand: identifying threats to XXXX safety in primary care.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury compensation legislation', 'treatment injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of laparoscopy for the excision of adrenal metastasis remains controversial. We aimed to report oncological and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic excision of adrenal metastases and to seek for predictive factors of unfavorable oncological outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted and all consecutive @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) in the setting of @entity5 in two academic urology departments from November 2006 through January 2014 were included. @entity5 were categorized as pulmonary, renal or "other primary" @entity5 to allow statistical comparison. Unfavorable surgical outcomes were defined as the occurrence of either @entity260 and/or positive surgical margins. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 who underwent a total of 45 LA were included for analysis. There were 8 complications (17.8%). Positive surgical margins were found in 12 specimens (26.7%). After a median follow-up of 37 months, estimated overall survival rates were 89.5% and 51.5% at 1 year and 5 years, respectively. In multivariable analysis the only predictor of unfavorable surgical outcomes was a @entity5 size >5  cm (OR  =  20.5; p  =  0.001). In multivariate analysis the pulmonary (OR  =  0.3; p  =  0.008) or "other" (OR  =  0.1; p  =  0.0006) origin of the @entity5 was the only prognostic factor of @entity5 specific survival. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection of adrenal metastasis can be safely performed in most @entity1 but is associated with an increased risk of positive surgical @entity260 in @entity5 (>5  cm). Adrenalectomy provides better oncological outcomes in metastases from @entity1358 compared to other @entity5 .

title: XXXX selection for laparoscopic excision of adrenal metastases: A multicenter cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'metastatic cancer', 'primary tumor', 'Primary tumors', 'shorter cancer', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'margins and postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity787 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: This study involved 109 @entity1 with @entity5 who were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative resection. Preoperative serum @entity787 levels were measured twice, before chemoradiotherapy administration and 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy. Surgery was performed 6 to 9 weeks after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 85.0%. On univariate analysis, prechemoradiotherapy @entity787 level, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 level, @entity5 regression grade, ypT, ypN, circumferential resection margin, lymphatic invasion, @entity3 , and perineural invasion were associated with disease-free survival. Based on univariate analysis (group 1: prechemoradiotherapy @entity787  <= 3.5; group 2: prechemoradiotherapy @entity787 > 3.5, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787  <= 2.7; group 3: prechemoradiotherapy @entity787 >3.5, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 > 2.7), we categorized @entity1 into 3 groups according to their pre- and postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 levels (ng/mL). The 3-year disease-free survival rate was significantly better in groups 1 and 2 (94.7% and 88.0%) than in group 3 (52.6%, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, @entity5 regression grade (P = .036), ypN (P = .036), and @entity787 groups (P = .022) were identified as independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Furthermore, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787  <= 2.7 ng/mL was an independent predictor of good @entity5 regression (P = .001), ypT0 to 2 (P = .002), and ypN0 (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined pre- and postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 levels could be useful as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in @entity1 with @entity5 who undergo treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative resection. Postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 may be helpful in a selection of @entity1 who want more conservative surgery after chemoradiotherapy.

title: The role of carcinoembryonic antigen after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity787 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: This study involved 109 @entity1 with @entity5 who were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative resection. Preoperative serum @entity787 levels were measured twice, before chemoradiotherapy administration and 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy. Surgery was performed 6 to 9 weeks after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 85.0%. On univariate analysis, prechemoradiotherapy @entity787 level, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 level, @entity5 regression grade, ypT, ypN, circumferential resection margin, lymphatic invasion, @entity3 , and perineural invasion were associated with disease-free survival. Based on univariate analysis (group 1: prechemoradiotherapy @entity787  <= 3.5; group 2: prechemoradiotherapy @entity787 > 3.5, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787  <= 2.7; group 3: prechemoradiotherapy @entity787 >3.5, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 > 2.7), we categorized @entity1 into 3 groups according to their pre- and postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 levels (ng/mL). The 3-year disease-free survival rate was significantly better in groups 1 and 2 (94.7% and 88.0%) than in group 3 (52.6%, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, @entity5 regression grade (P = .036), ypN (P = .036), and @entity787 groups (P = .022) were identified as independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Furthermore, postchemoradiotherapy @entity787  <= 2.7 ng/mL was an independent predictor of good @entity5 regression (P = .001), ypT0 to 2 (P = .002), and ypN0 (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined pre- and postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 levels could be useful as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in @entity1 with @entity5 who undergo treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative resection. Postchemoradiotherapy @entity787 may be helpful in a selection of @entity1 who want more conservative surgery after chemoradiotherapy.

title: The role of carcinoembryonic antigen after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensive @entity18431 are difficult to manage. Following resection, arthrodesis of the spine can be performed with instrumentation, but this often fails in the setting of radiation therapy. Use of the free fibula flap for anterior spinal fusion to @entity85 has been described in multiple studies, but its use for posterior spinal fusion has been limited. In addition, its use in the pediatric population for this purpose has not been reported. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of three pediatric cases of cervical and thoracic spine @entity5 resection with posterior fusion of the spine with a microvascular fibula flap over a 2-year period. Data recorded included @entity1 demographics, medical/surgical history, indications for surgery, length of free fibula flap, recipient vessels, ischemic time, number of osteotomies performed on the fibula, complications, and time to computed tomography-documented fusion of the fibula to the remaining spinal column. RESULTS: All three microvascular anastomoses were successfully performed using an arteriovenous loop of saphenous vein graft to the anterior neck or subscapular vessels. The average length of fibula harvested was 23.7 cm, the average length of ischemic time was 220 minutes, the number of osteotomies in all cases was two, and there was bony fusion at an average of 15.7 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The free fibula flap is ideally suited for accelerated posterior spinal fusion after extensive resection of cervical or thoracic @entity18431 . An arteriovenous saphenous vein loop facilitates the microvascular @entity254 in this anatomical region that lacks suitable recipient vessels.

title: Use of the vascularized free fibula graft with an arteriovenous loop for fusion of cervical and thoracic spinal defects in previously irradiated pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18431 :: ('MESH:D013125', 'Disease') :: ['spinal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['correct deformities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In order to evaluate the usefulness of @entity986 staining in predicting the outcome of histological low-grade squamous @entity75 /cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 ( @entity2784 /CIN1) we prospectively recruited all the @entity1 referred to colposcopy from 2003 to 2011 due to abnormal screening test results and diagnosed with @entity2784 /CIN1 at biopsy (n=507). All biopsies were stained for @entity986 and re-evaluated after three years by the same gynecological pathologist using the LAST criteria. Follow-up was conducted every 6 months and included a Pap test (liquid-based cytology), high-risk @entity1082 testing (Hybrid Capture 2 test), and colposcopy. The mean follow-up was 28 months. An outcome diagnosis of @entity2784 was defined as a histological diagnosis of high-grade @entity13763 / @entity8046 ( @entity2784 /CIN2-3). The diagnosis of @entity2784 /CIN1 was confirmed in 416 out of 507 biopsies (82%), whereas 58 (11%) were reclassified as negative and 33 (6%) as @entity2784 /CIN2-3. During follow-up, 86/507 @entity1 initially diagnosed with @entity2784 /CIN1 (17%) showed an outcome diagnosis of @entity2784 /CIN2-3, with the rate of @entity2784 final diagnosis of 3% (2/58) in the @entity1 with biopsies reclassified as negative, 17% (70/416) in the group with confirmed @entity2784 and 42% (14/33) in the @entity1 with biopsies reclassified as @entity2784 (P<0.001). @entity986 was positive in 245/507 @entity1 (48%) and in 210/416 @entity1 (50%) with confirmed @entity2784 /CIN1 at re-evaluation. Although positive @entity986 immunostaining was associated with risk of @entity2784 /CIN2-3 outcome in the multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-3.1; P=0.009) in the overall group of @entity1 with @entity2784 /CIN1, this association was not verified in the subset of @entity1 with confirmed @entity2784 /CIN1 after re-evaluation (HR: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.9-2.6; P=0.095). In conclusion, in @entity2784 /CIN1 lesions @entity986 should be limited to equivocal cases in which @entity2784 /CIN2 is included in the differential diagnosis since it has low value in clinical practice as a marker of progression of @entity2784 /CIN1.

title: XXXX staining has limited value in predicting the outcome of histological low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing has been linked to a high prevalence of @entity73 , which, in turn, has been related to balance @entity132 . The aim of this study was to identify whether there are differences between subjects with and without @entity73 regarding the quality of gait and balance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted on institutionalised @entity1 older than 65years (n=82). Gait and balance was evaluated after the assessment of @entity73 using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Single and dual tests were used including, the 6-minute walking, stride length, and gait speed. Timed Up and Go tests were also used to evaluate balance. RESULTS: The @entity1 were divided into three groups: 28 subjects in the group without @entity73 (MMSE>= 27), 29 subjects with mild (27<MMSE <=21) and 26 subjects with moderate @entity73 (MMSE<21). Gait assessment showed significant between-groups differences in all the variables (P<.05). The variables assessing balance also showed significantly worse values in those groups with @entity73 . CONCLUSION: The severity of @entity73 is related to impaired balance and gait, thus the clinical monitoring of these variables in population at risk is needed.

title: [Effects of cognitive state on balance XXXX in institutionalised elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances and gait disorders']

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['disturbances and gait disorders']


abstract: Excitotoxic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). The authors have studied the protection against secondary damage to @entity35 spinal cord with @entity2400 , a well-known @entity1024 antagonist. @entity35 were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Group 1 @entity35 were controls and normal spinal cord samples were obtained after clinical examination. 50 g-cm contusion injury was introduced to Group 2. Group 3 was vehicle, 1 cc of physiologic saline was injected post- @entity130 . Group 4 and 5 were treatment groups and 100 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of @entity2400 was given immediately after @entity130 , intraperitoneally. Animals were evaluated with inclined plane, Tarlov motor scale and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale 24h after @entity1566 . Spinal cord samples for ultrastructural evaluations were obtained following clinical examinations. @entity1760 treatment improved neurological outcome. Electron microscopic results showed obvious neuroprotection in the treatment groups. Application of 600 mg/kg of @entity1760 revealed better ultrastructural findings and clinical results than 100 mg/kg. These findings demonstrated that @entity2400 possesses neuroprotection on spinal cord ultrastructure and on functional scores after acute contusion injury to the @entity35 spinal cord.

title: Effect of XXXX in experimental @entity1566 : evaluation with ultrastructural findings and early clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'Magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity2400 :: (CHEBI:32599,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulphate']


abstract: Excitotoxic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). The authors have studied the protection against secondary damage to @entity35 spinal cord with @entity2400 , a well-known @entity1024 antagonist. @entity35 were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Group 1 @entity35 were controls and normal spinal cord samples were obtained after clinical examination. 50 g-cm contusion injury was introduced to Group 2. Group 3 was vehicle, 1 cc of physiologic saline was injected post- @entity130 . Group 4 and 5 were treatment groups and 100 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of @entity2400 was given immediately after @entity130 , intraperitoneally. Animals were evaluated with inclined plane, Tarlov motor scale and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale 24h after @entity1566 . Spinal cord samples for ultrastructural evaluations were obtained following clinical examinations. @entity1760 treatment improved neurological outcome. Electron microscopic results showed obvious neuroprotection in the treatment groups. Application of 600 mg/kg of @entity1760 revealed better ultrastructural findings and clinical results than 100 mg/kg. These findings demonstrated that @entity2400 possesses neuroprotection on spinal cord ultrastructure and on functional scores after acute contusion injury to the @entity35 spinal cord.

title: Effect of @entity2400 in experimental XXXX : evaluation with ultrastructural findings and early clinical results.

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: We treated a @entity1 of type IV @entity1646 ( @entity17053 ) with lower leg paresis due to @entity3792 . A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity17053 . A lateral radiograph demonstrated the classic bullet-shaped vertebrae and a 65 degrees thoraco-lumbar @entity1513 . After the age of 60, she suffered from @entity1183 in both lower legs and walking disturbance. Bilateral patellae-tendon reflexes were exaggerated. MRI showed compression of the spinal cord around T12 to L2 with a highlighted area of change inside the spinal cord. Myelography and computed tomography after the myelography showed narrowing of the sub-arachnoidal space and deformation of the spinal cord around the T12 to L2 levels. Severe @entity170 made it necessary to first perform posterior correction of the @entity1513 and fusion. The curve was stabilised with the Luque method from T7 to L4. Her @entity16 markedly recovered, but 1 year after surgery her @entity16 again began to deteriorate, resulting in walking disturbance. For this reason, anterior decompression and fusion through a lateral thoracotomy was undertaken. Decompression of the spinal cord and a bone graft from the iliac crest were attained. The @entity1 's @entity16 again improved, but not as much as immediately after the first operation.

title: A case of XXXX with lower leg paresis due to thoraco-lumbar @entity3792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17053 :: ('MESH:D009085', 'Disease') :: ["Morquio's disease"]

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis']

answer: @entity17053 :: (MESH:D009085,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis IV']


abstract: We treated a @entity1 of type IV @entity1646 ( @entity17053 ) with lower leg paresis due to @entity3792 . A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity17053 . A lateral radiograph demonstrated the classic bullet-shaped vertebrae and a 65 degrees thoraco-lumbar @entity1513 . After the age of 60, she suffered from @entity1183 in both lower legs and walking disturbance. Bilateral patellae-tendon reflexes were exaggerated. MRI showed compression of the spinal cord around T12 to L2 with a highlighted area of change inside the spinal cord. Myelography and computed tomography after the myelography showed narrowing of the sub-arachnoidal space and deformation of the spinal cord around the T12 to L2 levels. Severe @entity170 made it necessary to first perform posterior correction of the @entity1513 and fusion. The curve was stabilised with the Luque method from T7 to L4. Her @entity16 markedly recovered, but 1 year after surgery her @entity16 again began to deteriorate, resulting in walking disturbance. For this reason, anterior decompression and fusion through a lateral thoracotomy was undertaken. Decompression of the spinal cord and a bone graft from the iliac crest were attained. The @entity1 's @entity16 again improved, but not as much as immediately after the first operation.

title: A case of @entity17053 with lower leg paresis due to thoraco-lumbar XXXX .

answer: @entity3792 :: (MESH:C565711,Disease) :: ['kyphoscoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The hypervascularity described in @entity157 varies according to the progression and the differentiation of the @entity5 , suggesting an angiogenic switch during @entity5 development. METHODS: We used a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity157 induced by the expression of SV40-T antigen, in which male @entity19 developed @entity99 at various temporal and histological stages, whereas female @entity19 remained @entity5 -free. We analyzed, by immunostaining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, factors involved in @entity5 . RESULTS: We demonstrated that @entity5 occurred before the development of @entity1893 . We showed that some SV40-T-positive cells with an endothelial phenotype are involved in angiogenic processes, suggesting a partial vasculogenic mimicry. This @entity5 is associated with platelet activation due to tissue factor expression in endothelial cells and invading macrophages. Normal and transgenic livers exhibited different pattern of expression of @entity519 -inducible factor 1 alpha ( @entity1965 ) and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: This model of @entity157 displays marked @entity5 , with proliferation, remodeling and arterialization of hepatic sinusoids, probably associated with a partial vasculogenic mimicry. Abnormal angiogenesis observed in hepatocarcinoma was associated with platelet activation by tissue factor (TF) produced by endothelial cells and invading macrophages. In this transgenic model, @entity1965 , @entity1611 , and TF play a crucial role in @entity5 .

title: Tumoral angiogenesis and tissue factor expression during XXXX progression in a transgenic @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumoral angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hepatocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The hypervascularity described in @entity157 varies according to the progression and the differentiation of the @entity5 , suggesting an angiogenic switch during @entity5 development. METHODS: We used a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity157 induced by the expression of SV40-T antigen, in which male @entity19 developed @entity99 at various temporal and histological stages, whereas female @entity19 remained @entity5 -free. We analyzed, by immunostaining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, factors involved in @entity5 . RESULTS: We demonstrated that @entity5 occurred before the development of @entity1893 . We showed that some SV40-T-positive cells with an endothelial phenotype are involved in angiogenic processes, suggesting a partial vasculogenic mimicry. This @entity5 is associated with platelet activation due to tissue factor expression in endothelial cells and invading macrophages. Normal and transgenic livers exhibited different pattern of expression of @entity519 -inducible factor 1 alpha ( @entity1965 ) and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: This model of @entity157 displays marked @entity5 , with proliferation, remodeling and arterialization of hepatic sinusoids, probably associated with a partial vasculogenic mimicry. Abnormal angiogenesis observed in hepatocarcinoma was associated with platelet activation by tissue factor (TF) produced by endothelial cells and invading macrophages. In this transgenic model, @entity1965 , @entity1611 , and TF play a crucial role in @entity5 .

title: Tumoral angiogenesis and tissue factor expression during @entity157 progression in a transgenic XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of this study is to define the risk factors that predict adverse outcomes for @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity5 in the Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA). The VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program prospectively collected data on 462 @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy in 123 VA medical centers from 1990 to 2000. Independent variables included 68 preoperative and 12 intraoperative variables. The main outcome measures were 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity, as measured by a set of 20 pre-defined complications. Predictive models for 30-day morbidity and mortality were constructed using logistic regression analysis. The 30-day morbidity rate was 45.9% (212/462). The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 9.3% (43/462). Significant predictors of mortality included: preoperative serum albumin, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, preoperative @entity648 >20mg/dl, and operative time. The use of preoperative biliary tract instrumentation did not predict @entity204 or septic complications. This study provides a set of preoperative risk factors that are predictive of adverse outcome following pancreaticoduodenectomy. These factors may assist in @entity1 selection for this procedure and are likely to facilitate risk-adjusted comparison of pancreaticoduodenectomy outcomes between different health care systems.

title: Outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX : an analysis from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['periampullary cancer']


abstract: The present study has investigated whether low-dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) can inhibit @entity1423 locally at its site of gastrointestinal absorption without concentrations in the systemic circulation high enough for inhibition of cyclooxygenase. For this purpose @entity1423 , @entity2871 formation as well as @entity1281 plasma concentrations were measured in 8 volunteers before oral intake of 100 mg @entity1281 as well as 20 to 300 minutes thereafter. At each time 5 ml of blood were mixed with 5 ml of blood obtained from a second, untreated volunteer. Aggregation and @entity2871 formation were also determined in these mixed blood samples. The same protocol was performed with 4 volunteers after administration of 1500 mg @entity1281 as well as after no drug intake. In a separate experiment the concentration-effect-relationship of @entity1281 was assessed in vitro. One hundred and forty minutes after administration of 100 mg @entity1281 aggregation and @entity2871 formation were significantly decreased to 49.4 and 4.5% of the initial values, respectively, whereas in the mixed blood sample aggregation was not impaired. Inhibition of @entity2871 formation was constantly 73% of the inhibition observed in the unmixed sample throughout the study period and thus most probably was caused by dilution of the platelets of the untreated volunteer by the inactivated platelets of the @entity1281 -treated volunteer. These data suggest the absence of pharmacologically active drug concentrations in the peripheral blood. @entity1281 plasma concentration was highest after 40 minutes (2.2 +/- 1.6 microgram/ml; n = 5). After the 1500 mg @entity1281 dose platelet function and @entity2871 formation decreased to 29.8 and 2.0% of the initial values, respectively. Furthermore, aggregation and @entity2871 formation in the mixed blood sample were markedly reduced. Thus, after the high dose of @entity1281 effective plasma concentrations were present in the peripheral circulation. Highest @entity1281 plasma concentrations were 21.1 +/- 8.9 micrograms/ml. IC50 values were 1.00 +/- 0.36 and 0.30 +/- 0.05 microgram/ml for aggregation and @entity2871 formation in vitro, respectively. It is concluded that low dose @entity1281 can effectively inhibit platelet function without producing pharmacologically active concentrations in the peripheral circulation.

title: Plasma concentrations and anti-platelet effects after low dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: The physico-chemical properties of collagenous matrices may determine the tissue response after insertion into full-thickness articular cartilage defects. In this study, @entity72501 and type II collagen matrices, with and without attached chondroitin @entity597 , were implanted into full-thickness defects in the femoral trochlea of adolescent @entity95 . The tissue response was evaluated 4 and 12 weeks after implantation by general histology and two semi-quantitative histological grading systems. Four weeks after implantation, type I collagenous matrices were completely filled with cartilage-like tissue. By contrast, type II collagenous matrices revealed predominantly cartilaginous tissue only at the superficial zone and at the interface of the matrix with the subchondral bone, leaving large areas of the matrix devoid of tissue. Attachment of @entity12006 appeared to promote cellular ingrowth and cartilaginous tissue formation in both types of collagen matrices. Twelve weeks after implantation, the differences between the matrices were less pronounced. The deep parts of the subchondral defects were largely replaced by new bone with a concomitant degradation of the matrices. The original cartilage contours in defects with type I collagen-based matrices were repaired with fibro-cartilaginous tissue. Defects containing type II matrices showed an increase in the amount of superficial cartilage-like tissue. The original contour, however, was not completely restored in all animals, occasionally leaving a central @entity308 or fissure. It is concluded that different types of collagen matrices induce different tissue responses in full-thickness articular cartilage defects. Type I collagen-based matrices are superior to guide progenitor cells from a subchondral origin into the defect. In type II collagen-based matrices cell migration is less, but invading cells are directed into a chondrocyte phenotype. Based on these observations it is suggested that a composite matrix consisting of a deep layer of type I collagen and a more superficial layer of type II collagen may be the matrix of choice for cartilage regeneration.

title: Cross-linked type I and type II collagenous matrices for the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects--a study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity72501 :: ('MESH:C566783', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked type I']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Shock liver describes a collecting pool of critically ill @entity1 in whom the elevation of liver function tests or overt @entity409 is apparent. Different grades of shock liver affect about 50% of all intensive-care @entity1 , varying from a mild elevation of serum aminotransferase and @entity648 levels in septic @entity1 to an acute onset of high serum aminotransferases after haemodynamic shock. Abnormalities can subside within days or progressively deteriorate when persistent hepatic microcirculatory failure is present. Although @entity99 in critically ill @entity1 influences mortality rates it is underdiagnosed. The underlying pathophysiology involves changes in the portal and arterial blood supply as well as in microcirculation. Cross-talk between hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells, leading to an inflammatory response mediated primarily by @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), is central to shock liver. The liver is a victim of shock inducers, and can also be the orchestrator of the @entity32 ( @entity32 ). @entity99 by @entity310 is modulated by the prevalent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediator profile elaborated by Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells additionally participate in the clearance of endotoxin, bacteria and inflammatory mediators and are thereby capable of preventing @entity32 . The hepatocyte undergoes dramatic alterations in synthetic activity, biliary transport, bile flow and @entity413 metabolism. Although standard determinations of aminotransferases, coagulation studies, @entity413 , @entity880 and @entity648 can detect @entity99 they only partially reflect the cellular mechanisms driving shock liver. The management of shock liver is focused on the prevention of precipitating causes by controlling sepsis, circulation parameters and metabolism in addition to the cautious monitoring of therapeutic measures that can increase @entity99 , which include intravenous nutrition, mechanical ventilation and @entity2922 administration.

title: Gastrointestinal disorders of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory response syndrome', 'IRS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'Hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['critically ill. Shock liver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt remains an important ongoing management problem in myelomeningocele (MMC) @entity1 . We reviewed the long-term shunt treatment outcome in a prospectively followed group of MMC @entity1 from a single institution. METHOD: @entity1 prospectively entered into a @entity1276 database with a diagnosis of MMC from the years 1987 to 1996 were selected. All data was verified from the medical records and additional details about the shunt surgery were collected. The outcome of shunt failure was categorized as shunt obstruction, @entity281 , presence of loculated ventricles, overdrainage, and other. All deaths were recorded and causation identified. Univariate analysis for shunt failure risk factors was accomplished using Log rank statistics. Multivariable analysis was performed for each repeated failure level using a conditional Cox regression model. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty (64%) out of 189 MMC @entity1 experienced a first shunt failure with a median time of 303 days; 29 (24%) of the failures were due to @entity281 (the procedure infection rate being 15%). Sixty-one @entity1 experienced a second shunt failure, 38 a third and 36 had four or more. Multivariable analysis of risk factors failed to demonstrate any clear risk factors for either first or subsequent shunt failure. Fifteen @entity1 died, 13 from either shunt or Chiari 1 complications. CONCLUSION: Shunt complications remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in MMC @entity1 , particularly @entity281 .

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX management in myelomeningoceles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity11830 (Resovist) is the second clinically approved superparamagnetic @entity1933 developed for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the properties, clinical development, and application of @entity11830 . Safety data obtained during clinical phases I-III revealed a total of 162 adverse events within 1053 @entity1 , of which 75 were classified as possibly, probably, or definitely drug related. The majority of events occurred within the first 3 h (73 of 75) and was of mild intensity. The agent significantly improves the detection of hypovascular focal @entity409 with a comparable sensitivity in lesion detection to CTAP but without a relevant loss in specificity. Furthermore, @entity11830 leads to a significant improvement of the sensitivity for lesion classification and characterization of the most frequent @entity409 . Contrast-enhanced MRA is not feasible and the angiographic effect is not sufficient to allow for postprocessing of data into maximum intensity projections. Intraindividual studies at low-field (0.2 T) and high-field (1.5 T) showed similar rates for lesion detection. The time window for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver is at least 1 day up to 4 days. The compound can be regarded as safe and well tolerated. Even bolus injections caused no @entity615 , or clinically relevant laboratory changes. The examination time can be kept short with T1- and T2-weighted pre-contrast sequences, dynamic MRI over 10 min, and finally accumulation phase T2-weighted MRI. @entity1 who may benefit in particular are surgical candidates for resection, transplantation, or interventional therapies, and @entity1 with @entity1575 and/or suspected @entity157 to either exclude @entity5 or to define the extent of disease, the location of lesions, and the type of newly detected lesions.

title: XXXX (Resovist): a new clinically approved RES-specific contrast agent for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver: properties, clinical development, and applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular side effects, lumbar back pain']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11830 :: ('MESH:C065507', 'Chemical') :: ['ferucarbotran', 'Ferucarbotran']

answer: @entity11830 :: (MESH:C065507,Chemical) :: ['Ferucarbotran']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity3 . @entity1 : Eighty-four @entity1 with primary lower @entity5 were examined by MRI and subsequently underwent radical surgery with lateral pelvic lymph-node dissection, without preoperative treatment. Lateral lymph-node @entity3 were assessed preoperatively by MRI, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The criterion for lateral lymph-node @entity3 was any recognizable lymph node in the pelvic wall, regardless of diameter. RESULT: Lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity3 was diagnosed on preoperative MRI in 16 @entity1 (19.9  %). The overall @entity1 -based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI were 75, 69.1, 36.4, 92.2, and 70.2  %, respectively. When a cut-off value of 10  mm was used for diagnosis, the corresponding values were 43.8, 98.5, 87.5, 88.1, and 88.1  %, respectively. The mean diameter of metastatic nodes (14.7  mm) was significantly larger than that of negative nodes (5.7  mm; P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: MRI is an effective technique for predicting lateral pelvic node involvement and thus may facilitate preoperative decision-making in @entity5 treatment. A cut-off value of 10  mm is useful for avoiding unnecessary lateral lymph-node dissection.

title: Prediction of Lateral Pelvic Lymph-Node XXXX in Low @entity5 by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity3 . @entity1 : Eighty-four @entity1 with primary lower @entity5 were examined by MRI and subsequently underwent radical surgery with lateral pelvic lymph-node dissection, without preoperative treatment. Lateral lymph-node @entity3 were assessed preoperatively by MRI, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The criterion for lateral lymph-node @entity3 was any recognizable lymph node in the pelvic wall, regardless of diameter. RESULT: Lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity3 was diagnosed on preoperative MRI in 16 @entity1 (19.9  %). The overall @entity1 -based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI were 75, 69.1, 36.4, 92.2, and 70.2  %, respectively. When a cut-off value of 10  mm was used for diagnosis, the corresponding values were 43.8, 98.5, 87.5, 88.1, and 88.1  %, respectively. The mean diameter of metastatic nodes (14.7  mm) was significantly larger than that of negative nodes (5.7  mm; P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: MRI is an effective technique for predicting lateral pelvic node involvement and thus may facilitate preoperative decision-making in @entity5 treatment. A cut-off value of 10  mm is useful for avoiding unnecessary lateral lymph-node dissection.

title: Prediction of Lateral Pelvic Lymph-Node @entity3 in Low XXXX by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: The significance of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes described in animals with @entity1526 is questionable in view that other non-invasive comparisons have been lacking. 12-lead ECG and two-dimensional echocardiography (echo) was performed in 17 seropositive and 13 seronegative @entity6599 . Similar to @entity1 , a wide variety of ECG outcomes were observed in the infected animals. Standard ECG measurements were not different between groups. Five seropositive (29%) and 3 seronegative (23%) animals had low voltage; 4 seropositives (24%) and 2 (15%) seronegatives had tall P-waves. Precordial Q waves were seen in 10 seropositives (59%) and in 7 (54%) seronegatives without septal abnormalities on two-dimensional echo. One seropositive animal had a 2(nd) degree (Wenckebach) @entity713 and @entity714 . Most animals in both groups had diffuse T-wave abnormalities. Echo evidence of @entity299 was found in 4 seropositives and in none of the controls; thus, chagasic @entity299 was present in 24% of naturally infected @entity6599 . Since most non- @entity1 primates, irrespective of their serology, have diffuse, nonspecific ECG changes not necessarily diagnostic of @entity296 , two-dimensional echo should be added to their non-invasive assessment.

title: Electrocardiographic findings in naturally acquired chagasic XXXX in nonhuman primates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial disease']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior fascicular block']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: The current study sought to evaluate a novel kind of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity195 @entity1 (N = 9), age- and gender-matched @entity1 with a major @entity308 (N = 9), and healthy control subjects (N = 10) were trained to use an @entity73 program that relates to activities of daily living (ADL). Digital photographs of a shopping route were implemented in a close-to-reality simulation on a computer touch-screen. The task was to find a predefined shopping route, to buy three items, and to answer correctly 10 multiple-choice questions addressing knowledge related to the virtual tasks. Training performance was rated using the number of mistakes (wrong way), time needed for the tasks, number of correct multiple-choice answers, and of repeat of instruction. Compared to normal controls and @entity308 @entity1 , @entity195 @entity1 performed significantly worse with regard to all variables. Within a 4-week training period including 12 sessions, however, substantial training gains were observed, including a significant reduction of mistakes. Training effects were sustained until follow-up 3 weeks later. The performance of the @entity308 @entity1 and the normal controls improved as well, with no difference between the two groups. Self-reported effects revealed that the training was well perceived. Thus, the task performance of @entity195 @entity1 improved substantially and subjects appeared to have liked this approach to @entity73 . New interactive media, therefore, may yield interesting opportunities for rehabilitation and (psycho)therapeutic interventions.

title: Interactive computer-training as a therapeutic tool in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'interactive computer-based cognitive training']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: As a result of mammographic screening nonpalpable @entity1558 are found with increasing frequency. The surgical management of these lesions presents two main problems: (1) How to localize the lesion pre- and intraoperatively; (2) What should be the extension of the axillary dissection for @entity5 . This study is aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of radioguided excision of nonpalpable @entity1558 and the possibility of performing simultaneous sentinel lymph node biopsy for @entity5 . Radioguided breast excisions have been performed in our Department since November 2000. The basis of this method is that radioisotope labelled colloid is injected into the lesion under stereo tactic or sonographic guidance. A gamma-probe is used intraoperatively to locate the lesion and guide its excision. Dual agent guided technique is used for sentinel lymph node biopsy. Radioguided breast excision was performed on 85 @entity1 (93 lesion) till February 2002. The localization and excision were successful in 84 @entity1 (92 lesions) (99%). @entity75 were successfully localized and excised in 7 @entity1 . There were 61 parenchyma lesions (66%) and 31 microcalcifications (34%). Localization was performed under sonographic guidance in 44 @entity1 (52%) and under stereotactic guidance in 40 @entity1 (48%). There were 25 benign (27%) and 67 malignant (73%) lesions. Second surgical procedure (mastectomy) was needed in 4 @entity1 (6.5%) because of histologically incomplete excision. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 50 @entity1 . The biopsy was successful in 45 @entity1 (90%). The sentinel lymph node was histologically positive in 2 @entity1 (4.4%). Radioguided localization with the intraoperative use of a gamma-probe is an easy, rapid and highly accurate technique for removing nonpalpable @entity1558 and allows simultaneous sentinel lymph node biopsy for @entity5 .

title: [Radioguided excision of non-palpable XXXX with simultaneous sentinel lymph node biopsy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Multifocal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics as well as the surgical outcomes of tractional retinal elevation (TRE) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by analyzing spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: SD-OCT images of 26 eyes (24 @entity1 ) who visited our clinic because of TRE and @entity6 from August 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed. According to the presence or absence of @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ), @entity1 were classified into group 1 (without @entity1713 ) or group 2 (with @entity1713 ), and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, we categorized the SD-OCT morphological components into sponge, cystoid, saw tooth, bridging columnar, and @entity1713 and compared the characteristics among @entity1 who had different components. RESULTS: Group 1 had 18 eyes and group 2 had eight eyes. No differences in age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), or spherical equivalent were observed between the two groups, but group 2 had longer axial length than that of group 1 (p   =   0.02). A large variety of combined OCT findings was found in group 1 compared to that in group 2. @entity1713 was the least combined form with the other morphological components. Although 92  % of eyes with the bridging columnar component had the cystoid component, @entity1713 and @entity9712 ( @entity9712 , bridging columnar morphology) were combined in only one eye. CONCLUSION: @entity6 may progress to @entity1713 or @entity9712 , which are mutually exclusive. They may progress to @entity1713 in eyes with a long axial length, and @entity1103 seems to develop into @entity9712 .

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of tractional retinal elevation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic TRE', 'proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'tractional retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity9712 :: ('MESH:D041441', 'Disease') :: ['tractional retinoschisis', 'TRS']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics as well as the surgical outcomes of tractional retinal elevation (TRE) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by analyzing spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: SD-OCT images of 26 eyes (24 @entity1 ) who visited our clinic because of TRE and @entity6 from August 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed. According to the presence or absence of @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ), @entity1 were classified into group 1 (without @entity1713 ) or group 2 (with @entity1713 ), and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, we categorized the SD-OCT morphological components into sponge, cystoid, saw tooth, bridging columnar, and @entity1713 and compared the characteristics among @entity1 who had different components. RESULTS: Group 1 had 18 eyes and group 2 had eight eyes. No differences in age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), or spherical equivalent were observed between the two groups, but group 2 had longer axial length than that of group 1 (p   =   0.02). A large variety of combined OCT findings was found in group 1 compared to that in group 2. @entity1713 was the least combined form with the other morphological components. Although 92  % of eyes with the bridging columnar component had the cystoid component, @entity1713 and @entity9712 ( @entity9712 , bridging columnar morphology) were combined in only one eye. CONCLUSION: @entity6 may progress to @entity1713 or @entity9712 , which are mutually exclusive. They may progress to @entity1713 in eyes with a long axial length, and @entity1103 seems to develop into @entity9712 .

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of tractional retinal elevation in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the numbers of @entity1 with @entity5 receiving polypharmacy at the end of their lives and analyze differences in drug prescription at a general oncology ward and a dedicated palliative care ward. METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study at a university hospital with a large @entity5 center was conducted. The charts of 100 @entity1 who had died because of @entity5 were reviewed; data concerning sociodemographic variables and medications were collected at four predefined time points (9, 6, 3, 0  days before @entity204 ). RESULTS: Nine days before @entity204 , polypharmacy was registered in 95  % of @entity1 ; they had prescriptions for 11 (9-13) different medications per day (median, IQR). Although this number dropped significantly, on the last day as many as 61  % of the @entity1 were still taking more than 4 drugs (median 6.5, IQR 4-9). No significant difference was noted between the oncology ward and the palliative care ward. Polypharmacy was largely dependent on the @entity1 ' ECOG performance status as well as the type of ward, the number of days before @entity204 , and age. It was not influenced by gender, the duration of hospital stays, and the devices facilitating drug administration. The medications fulfilled the requirements of palliative care in the majority of @entity1 ; 90  % received treatment for @entity158 and @entity148 . @entity1 treated at the palliative ward received more opioids and psychoactive drugs while those at the oncology ward received more anti- @entity5 drugs and fluids. CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy still is a problem in the large majority of @entity1 with @entity5 . Further studies should be focused on the @entity1 ' quality of life, drug interactions, and adverse events.

title: Polypharmacy in the terminal stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'terminal cancer', 'advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity5 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity5 site and study its anti- @entity5 effect. METHODS: @entity2047 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 at 10(7) cells/ @entity19 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity5 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity5 were @entity5 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity5 and around @entity5 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity3 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity5 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity5 was not significant. There was a lung @entity3 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity1 @entity189 xenografts in @entity19 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity5 @entity3 .

title: [Local treatment with XXXX laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity189 xenografts].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity5 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity5 site and study its anti- @entity5 effect. METHODS: @entity2047 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 at 10(7) cells/ @entity19 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity5 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity5 were @entity5 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity5 and around @entity5 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity3 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity5 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity5 was not significant. There was a lung @entity3 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity1 @entity189 xenografts in @entity19 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity5 @entity3 .

title: [Local treatment with @entity1 laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in @entity19 bearing XXXX @entity189 xenografts].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity5 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity5 site and study its anti- @entity5 effect. METHODS: @entity2047 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 at 10(7) cells/ @entity19 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity5 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity5 were @entity5 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity5 and around @entity5 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity3 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity5 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity5 was not significant. There was a lung @entity3 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity1 @entity189 xenografts in @entity19 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity5 @entity3 .

title: [Local treatment with @entity1 laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in @entity19 bearing @entity1 XXXX xenografts].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity5 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity5 site and study its anti- @entity5 effect. METHODS: @entity2047 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 at 10(7) cells/ @entity19 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity5 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity5 were @entity5 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity5 and around @entity5 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity3 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity5 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity5 was not significant. There was a lung @entity3 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity1 @entity189 xenografts in @entity19 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity5 @entity3 .

title: [Local treatment with @entity1 laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in XXXX bearing @entity1 @entity189 xenografts].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: @entity56193 -associated protein (CAP) is an adaptor protein that plays important roles in both signal transduction and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Alternative splicing of the gene @entity72502 results in multiple isoforms of CAP protein. We report here the cloning of 3 new CAP isoforms, @entity72503 , @entity72504 , and CAP4, from @entity19 adipose tissue. RT-PCR analyses reveal that the isoform mRNAs are differentially expressed. @entity72503 , @entity72504 , and CAP4 contain a coiled-coil domain. In addition, CAP4 contains a @entity1521 -rich region, part of which exists in @entity72504 . Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that CAP4 forms a homodimeric complex. While these new isoforms similarly interact with @entity56193 , they exhibit varied binding specificity toward @entity12852 . In contrast to @entity51105 and @entity72503 , CAP4 does not interact with @entity12852 , and @entity72504 binds with low affinity. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrates differential subcellular localization of Myc-tagged CAP isoforms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that these new isoforms of CAP might play different signaling roles.

title: Cloning and characterization of XXXX -associated protein splicing isoforms.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity56193 :: (12402(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cbl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ulcer management in the UK varies significantly. Judgements made by nurses contribute to this variability and it is often assumed that specialist nurses make better judgements than non-specialist nurses. This paper compares the judgements of community tissue viability specialist nurses and community generalist nurses; specifically, the ways they use clinical information and their levels of accuracy. OBJECTIVES: To compare specialist and non-specialist UK community nurses' clinical information use when managing venous leg @entity1066 and their levels of accuracy when making diagnoses and judging the need for treatment. DESIGN: Judgement analysis. SETTING: UK community and primary care nursing services. @entity1 : 18 community generalist nurses working in district (home) nursing teams and general practitioner services and 18 community tissue viability specialist nurses. METHODS: Data were collected in 2011 and 2012. 18 community generalist nurses and 18 community tissue viability specialist nurses made diagnostic and treatment judgements on 110 clinical scenarios and indicated their confidence in each of their judgements. Scenarios were generated from real @entity1 cases and presented online using text and photographs. An expert panel made judgements, and reached consensus on the same scenarios. These judgements were used as a standard against which to compare the @entity1 . @entity2357 models and correlational statistics were used to generate various indices of judgement "performance": accuracy, consistency, confidence calibration and information use. Differences between groups of nurses with different levels of characteristics linked to expertise were explored using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Specialist nurses had similar cue usage to the generalist nurses but were more accurate when making diagnostic and treatment judgements. CONCLUSION: It is not obvious why the tissue viability specialist nurses were more accurate. One possible reason might be the greater opportunities for 'deliberate practice' afforded to specialists. However, restricting aspects of practice only to specialist nurses is likely to hinder the judgement performance of generalists.

title: A comparison of the management of venous leg XXXX by specialist and generalist community nurses: A judgement analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous leg']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulceration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the degree of efficacy of @entity3682 treatment over 3 months in the improvement of slow-responding @entity1066 in @entity6 . Also, to evaluate the safety of bemiparin and quality of life and to compare the evolution of @entity989 and @entity8 against placebo. DESIGN: Stage III clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety in a new indication of a medicine already on the market, parallel in two branches, randomised, triple-blind, and controlled with placebo. SETTING: Health care centres in Mallorca, Spain. @entity1 : 42 @entity1 per branch, over 18, with type-1 or 2 DM of over 3 years evolution, and one or more first or second-degree @entity1066 on the Wagner scale, distal to the knee, that did not heal in three months of health care. Randomised allocation in blocks of four.Interventions. The experimental drug was bemiparin (heparin of low molecular weight), injected subcutaneously at 3500 IU/day for the first 10 days and 2500 IU/day up to 90 days. As control, physiological serum was injected sub-cutaneously in a similar volume for masking. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: An "effect"was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in its surface area and/or a favourable evolution in status to a degree between the control at the start of treatment and at three months. Other measurements included @entity644 , retinography and quality of life (SF-36). Analysis of efficacy through principle of intention to treat.

title: [Triple-blind clinical trial with placebo control to evaluate the efficacy of a heparin of low molecular weight (bemiparin) for treating slow-responding XXXX in @entity6 in primary care].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity3682 :: ('MESH:C411345', 'Chemical') :: ['bemiparin']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the degree of efficacy of @entity3682 treatment over 3 months in the improvement of slow-responding @entity1066 in @entity6 . Also, to evaluate the safety of bemiparin and quality of life and to compare the evolution of @entity989 and @entity8 against placebo. DESIGN: Stage III clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety in a new indication of a medicine already on the market, parallel in two branches, randomised, triple-blind, and controlled with placebo. SETTING: Health care centres in Mallorca, Spain. @entity1 : 42 @entity1 per branch, over 18, with type-1 or 2 DM of over 3 years evolution, and one or more first or second-degree @entity1066 on the Wagner scale, distal to the knee, that did not heal in three months of health care. Randomised allocation in blocks of four.Interventions. The experimental drug was bemiparin (heparin of low molecular weight), injected subcutaneously at 3500 IU/day for the first 10 days and 2500 IU/day up to 90 days. As control, physiological serum was injected sub-cutaneously in a similar volume for masking. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: An "effect"was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in its surface area and/or a favourable evolution in status to a degree between the control at the start of treatment and at three months. Other measurements included @entity644 , retinography and quality of life (SF-36). Analysis of efficacy through principle of intention to treat.

title: [Triple-blind clinical trial with placebo control to evaluate the efficacy of a heparin of low molecular weight (bemiparin) for treating slow-responding @entity1066 in XXXX in primary care].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot']


abstract: Successful reproduction requires the coordination of reproductive physiology with behavior. The neural correlates of reproductive behavior have been elucidated in a variety of amphibians, mammals, and birds but relatively few studies have examined reptiles. Here we investigate differences in @entity342 receptor (AR) mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct between previtellogenic and late vitellogenic female @entity14301 geckos, Eublepharis macularius. Plasma concentrations of @entity251 (T) are low when females are previtellogenic and sexually unreceptive but increase dramatically during late vitellogenesis when females are receptive. In addition, receptivity can be induced by treatment with exogenous T. The relative abundance of AR-mRNA across various nuclei was greater in late vitellogenic than in previtellogenic females. This general pattern was observed in the medial preoptic area, anterior @entity2339 , external nucleus of the amygdala, dorsolateral aspect of the ventromedial @entity2339 , lateral septum, and periventricular @entity2339 . There were also clear differences in AR-mRNA expression among these nuclei. The pattern of gene expression observed in the brain was reversed within stromal cells of the oviduct where expression of AR-mRNA decreased from the previtellogenic stage to the late vitellogenic stage. Overall, these data demonstrate that T concentration in the plasma, abundance of AR-mRNA in the brain and oviduct, and sexual behavior change coordinately during the reproductive cycle of female @entity14301 geckos. Although the function of AR in the female @entity14301 gecko is not yet clear, our results are in accord with growing evidence that androgens regulate numerous aspects of female physiology and behavior in vertebrates.

title: Changes in @entity342 receptor mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct during the reproductive cycle of female XXXX geckos, Eublepharis macularius.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity14301 :: (9691,Species) :: ['leopard']


abstract: Successful reproduction requires the coordination of reproductive physiology with behavior. The neural correlates of reproductive behavior have been elucidated in a variety of amphibians, mammals, and birds but relatively few studies have examined reptiles. Here we investigate differences in @entity342 receptor (AR) mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct between previtellogenic and late vitellogenic female @entity14301 geckos, Eublepharis macularius. Plasma concentrations of @entity251 (T) are low when females are previtellogenic and sexually unreceptive but increase dramatically during late vitellogenesis when females are receptive. In addition, receptivity can be induced by treatment with exogenous T. The relative abundance of AR-mRNA across various nuclei was greater in late vitellogenic than in previtellogenic females. This general pattern was observed in the medial preoptic area, anterior @entity2339 , external nucleus of the amygdala, dorsolateral aspect of the ventromedial @entity2339 , lateral septum, and periventricular @entity2339 . There were also clear differences in AR-mRNA expression among these nuclei. The pattern of gene expression observed in the brain was reversed within stromal cells of the oviduct where expression of AR-mRNA decreased from the previtellogenic stage to the late vitellogenic stage. Overall, these data demonstrate that T concentration in the plasma, abundance of AR-mRNA in the brain and oviduct, and sexual behavior change coordinately during the reproductive cycle of female @entity14301 geckos. Although the function of AR in the female @entity14301 gecko is not yet clear, our results are in accord with growing evidence that androgens regulate numerous aspects of female physiology and behavior in vertebrates.

title: Changes in XXXX receptor mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct during the reproductive cycle of female @entity14301 geckos, Eublepharis macularius.

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Spontaneous @entity2348 due to increased bacterial translocation (BT) in @entity1 with @entity3883 result in significant morbidity and mortality. The present study evaluates the effects of enteral nutrition with immune enhancing feeds on BT and intestinal villus histopathology promoted @entity3883 . METHODS: Fifty male @entity35 -albino @entity35 weighing 250-300g were assigned into five equal groups of 10. Animals in Groups I, II, and III were fed with standard chow, those in Group IV were given @entity1160 1g/kg/day and the remaining 10 animals in Group V were fed with an @entity369 , @entity9539 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet for (1g/kg/day @entity535 and 230 kcal/kg) 7 days preoperatively. Group I underwent sham operation and the remaining animals in all other groups underwent common bile duct ligation. After operation, Group I had standard chow, Groups II and IV had @entity1160 , Groups III and V had an @entity369 @entity9539 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet for 7 days. All animals were sacrificed on the 8th postoperative day and evaluated both biochemically and histopathologically. Samples from blood, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were cultured under aerobic conditions. RESULTS: Significantly less BT was observed in groups fed with an @entity369 , @entity9539 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet or @entity1160 in pre-and postoperative periods as compared to others (P<0.001). Histologic evaluation also showed significant reduction in villus atrophy in these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Enteral immunonutrition using @entity1160 or @entity369 , @entity9539 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet during both pre-and postoperative periods seems to reduce BT and decrease @entity194 in @entity35 with @entity3883 .

title: The effect of immunonutrition on bacterial translocation, and intestinal villus atrophy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['by obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection and septicemia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of intestinal mucosal villi']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['experimental obstructive jaundice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study is to evaluate the use of Siebens Domain Management Model (SDMM) in geriatric- @entity64 @entity1 during inpatient rehabilitation (IR) to increase functional independence, and to reduce institutionalization and acute-care readmissions, which are quality indicators under the U.S. Affordable Care Act. METHODS: In 2010 (preintervention), 66 @entity64 @entity1 aged more than 75 years were admitted to an IR facility, on average, 8.8 days postacute care. In 2012 (postintervention), 58 @entity1 aged more than 75 years were admitted to the same IR facility, on average, 5.0 days postacute care. SDMM intervention involved weekly adjustments of clinical care focused on potential barriers to discharge home. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency, length of stay (LOS), and disposition rates to community or home, acute care, and long-term care were compared pre- and postintervention within facility, and facility data were compared to national case-mix-group-adjusted data from the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation for both years (2010/2012). RESULTS: Pre- and postintervention demographics and prestroke living support/setting were similar, but preintervention had on average 4 more days LOS in IR and 3.8 more days to IR onset. There were significantly more discharges to community in postintervention (79.3%) compared to preintervention (56.9%) (chi-square   =   6.02, P   <   .013). The preintervention group did not significantly differ from 2010 national data whereas the postintervention/2012 group significantly differed from 2012 national data for higher FIM efficiency (t   =   -3.1, P   <   .002) and more discharges to community (chi-square   =   19.7; P   <   .0001). From 2010 to 2012, there were 3.8 times more discharges to community (chi-square   =   8535; P   <   .0001) and 6 times fewer acute-care dispositions postintervention than nationally (chi-square   =   58.7; P   <   .0001).

title: Evaluating the Siebens Model in Geriatric- XXXX Inpatient Rehabilitation to Reduce Institutionalization and Acute-Care Readmissions.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The successful treatment of @entity3202 tibia non-unions and tibia non-unions with large bone defects or @entity281 is a major challenge in orthopedic and @entity130 surgery. This article evaluates the use of the 'diamond concept' using a one-step or two-step procedure according to 'Masquelet technique' in the treatment of @entity3202 tibia non-unions. METHODS: Between February 2010 and March 2014, 102 @entity1 with @entity3202 were treated according to the 'diamond concept' in our center. Ninety-nine were available for follow-up. Forty-nine received a one-step treatment (Group 1, G1) and 50 @entity1 received a two-step treatment according to the 'Masquelet technique' (Group 2, G2). Clinical and radiological parameters were measured preoperatively as well as 4, 6, and 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In order to evaluate the subjective health of @entity1 , we used the SF-12 questionnaire. Data analysis was performed one year after treatment. RESULTS: The rate of consolidation in G1 was 84% and 80% in G2. The time to heal in G2 was 8.6    2.9 months, which is significantly longer than in G1 being 6.9    3.1 months. In comparison @entity1 in G1/G2 had an average of 3.2/6.7 previous major surgeries. In G1, 4 of 8 @entity1 who did not heal successfully showed positive intraoperative cultures. In G2, 26 @entity1 (52%) initially presented with positive cultures. The results of the SF-12 questionnaire improved in both groups during the postoperative follow-up, but showed no significant differences between groups. In 29 @entity1 a @entity801 -coated nail was used for reosteosynthesis. These @entity1 showed by trend a lower rate of complications at a higher rate of consolidation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the 'diamond concept' is a suitable method for safely and effectively treating non-unions with large defects or @entity281 . The use of an antibiotic-coated nail provides a therapeutic benefit. For large bone defects of infected non-unions the two-step procedure after Masquelet is an efficient way to eradicate the @entity281 and treat the @entity79 successfully.

title: Treatment of XXXX tibia non-unions according to 'diamond concept': Results of one- and two-step treatment.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic', 'atrophic non-unions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was in thoracolumbar @entity174 to assess the effectiveness of minimal invasive stabilisation compared to the open technique with regards to the change in kyphosis angle, the loss of reduction and length of hospital stay. METHODS: The retrospective study consisted of 104 @entity1 who received minimally invasive stabilisation or open stabilisation. @entity1 were between 15 and 86 years of age, had a thoracolumbar @entity174 and no @entity51 . Kyphotic angle (Cobb angle) and loss of reduction was compared after minimal invasive and open stabilisation. The Cobb angle was evaluated directly post operatively, at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Evaluated @entity1 who received the minimally invasive technique had a shorter surgical intervention time and a shorter hospital stay compared to @entity1 who received the open technique. @entity1513 angle and loss of reduction showed no significant difference compared to open technique. There was also no significant difference between minimally invasive poly-axial and mono-axial stabilisation. CONCLUSION: In this study we provide evidence that @entity248 instrumentation in selected thoracolumbar @entity174 can effectively be used without significant differences in loss of reduction compared to open stabilisation. @entity248 can also sufficiently retain reduction as compared to traditional open techniques. The main advantages are reduced operation time and shorter hospital stay.

title: Reduction and retention of thoracolumbar XXXX by minimally invasive stabilisation versus open posterior instrumentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the femoral offset reportedly improves outcome following total hip arthroplasty, but little is known of its influence following hip @entity174 . We aimed to establish the effect of the femoral offset on the medium-term functional outcome in elderly @entity1 who had sustained @entity173 requiring proximal femoral nailing. @entity1 AND METHODS: We measured the rotation corrected femoral offset (FORC) and relative femoral offset (FORL) on plain anteroposterior radiographs of the hip in 188 @entity1 (58 male, 130 female) with a @entity173 who underwent proximal femoral nailing at our institution. The primary outcome measure was the Harris hip score (HSS) 6 and 12 months postoperatively; the Barthel index was assessed as a secondary outcome. RESULTS: The mean FORC after surgery was 58 mm (  11 mm), while the mean FORL was 1.21 (  0.22). At final follow up, we found significant inverse relationships (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient,   ) between FORC and FORL and the functional outcome assessed by the HSS (FORC:    = -0.207, p = 0.036; FORL:    = -0.247, p = 0.012), and FORL and the Barthel index (FORC:    = -147, p = 0.129; FORL:    = -0.192, p = 0.046). A consistent trend was observed after adjustment for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline the biomechanical importance of the femoral offset for medium-term outcomes in elderly @entity1 with @entity173 . In contrast with the published findings on total hip arthroplasty, we found an inverse correlation between functional outcome and the extent of the reconstructed femoral offset. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I - Prognostic study.

title: Femoral offset following trochanteric femoral XXXX : a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'trochanteric fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']