abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical spectrum and @entity4091 and to determine the risk factors associated with the development of @entity4091 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Retrospective matched case control study in a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity1252 first evaluated between 1979 and 1989. @entity1 were classified as cases if their first episode of @entity4091 occurred after lupus diagnosis. @entity1252 @entity1 who never had @entity4091 were eligible as controls and were matched 2:1 to cases for age, race, sex, and survival status. Clinical features of the cases from the time of lupus diagnosis to the time of @entity4091 were compared to their respective controls over similar time periods. RESULTS: Forty eight (15%) of 321 @entity1 were classified as cases. Cases were more likely to have received @entity786 (p = 0.03), and @entity500 (p = 0.006). More cases had @entity1988 (p = 0.02), and a concurrent or previous @entity5 (p = 0.01) than their controls. Seven cases had cutaneous dissemination. Seven @entity1 had @entity14000 > 2 months and in only 2 @entity1 symptoms persisted for > 12 months' duration. Only 3 of 36 @entity1 had immunosuppressive medication discontinued at the time of diagnosis of @entity4091 , and 10 cases received @entity1033 for the @entity281 . There were no permanent @entity51 or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Immunosuppressive therapy, specifically @entity786 and @entity500 , @entity1988 , and a concurrent or previous @entity5 may be risk factors for the development of herpes @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1252 . Our study suggests that although @entity4091 occurs frequently in @entity1 with @entity1252 , it has a relatively benign course. Discontinuing needed immunosuppressive therapy in @entity1 with @entity1252 may be unnecessary in the setting of a @entity281 . With the current emphasis on reduction in medical costs, both by limiting inpatient admissions and eliminating unneeded medications, it is necessary to identify which @entity1 require more intensive therapy with antiviral medications and/or hospitalization and which are likely to have a benign, self-limited course without intervention.

title: @entity4091 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Lupus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['disease sequelae of herpes zoster', 'herpes zoster', 'zoster']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['zoster infections', 'zoster infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical spectrum and @entity4091 and to determine the risk factors associated with the development of @entity4091 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Retrospective matched case control study in a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity1252 first evaluated between 1979 and 1989. @entity1 were classified as cases if their first episode of @entity4091 occurred after lupus diagnosis. @entity1252 @entity1 who never had @entity4091 were eligible as controls and were matched 2:1 to cases for age, race, sex, and survival status. Clinical features of the cases from the time of lupus diagnosis to the time of @entity4091 were compared to their respective controls over similar time periods. RESULTS: Forty eight (15%) of 321 @entity1 were classified as cases. Cases were more likely to have received @entity786 (p = 0.03), and @entity500 (p = 0.006). More cases had @entity1988 (p = 0.02), and a concurrent or previous @entity5 (p = 0.01) than their controls. Seven cases had cutaneous dissemination. Seven @entity1 had @entity14000 > 2 months and in only 2 @entity1 symptoms persisted for > 12 months' duration. Only 3 of 36 @entity1 had immunosuppressive medication discontinued at the time of diagnosis of @entity4091 , and 10 cases received @entity1033 for the @entity281 . There were no permanent @entity51 or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Immunosuppressive therapy, specifically @entity786 and @entity500 , @entity1988 , and a concurrent or previous @entity5 may be risk factors for the development of herpes @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1252 . Our study suggests that although @entity4091 occurs frequently in @entity1 with @entity1252 , it has a relatively benign course. Discontinuing needed immunosuppressive therapy in @entity1 with @entity1252 may be unnecessary in the setting of a @entity281 . With the current emphasis on reduction in medical costs, both by limiting inpatient admissions and eliminating unneeded medications, it is necessary to identify which @entity1 require more intensive therapy with antiviral medications and/or hospitalization and which are likely to have a benign, self-limited course without intervention.

title: XXXX in @entity1252 .

answer: @entity4091 :: (MESH:D006562,Disease) :: ['Herpes zoster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if a program of dietary modification and fish oil supplementation is effective in treating the @entity2299 in pediatric @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Prospective clinical trial where each @entity1 serves as his/her own control. Twenty-four consecutive adolescents fulfilling @entity1252 classification criteria were screened with fasting lipid profiles. @entity1 were identified as having @entity2299 of @entity66 or of corticosteroid therapy. @entity1 were treated for 6 weeks with dietary modification and if @entity2299 did not normalize with another 6 weeks of dietary modification and fish oil supplementation. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 (71%) had @entity2299 ; 10 of @entity66 , 4 of @entity134 therapy; 3 with a combined pattern. Eleven @entity1 underwent dietary modification. There was a significant decrease in serum @entity412 concentrations (p < 0.05). Total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein @entity165 , and high density lipoprotein @entity165 did not change significantly. A further significant decline in serum @entity1674 was achieved with fish oil supplementation (p < 0.05). Five of the 11 @entity1 who underwent treatment continued to have @entity2299 . CONCLUSION: @entity2299 is common in pediatric @entity1252 . Dietary modification and fish oil supplementation appear to be effective in improving serum lipid profiles, and blinded studies are warranted. a significant number of @entity1 may require pharmacologic therapy for persistent @entity2299 to prevent complications of @entity731 .

title: Effects of dietary modification and fish oil supplementation on @entity2299 in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipoproteinemia', 'dyslipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if a program of dietary modification and fish oil supplementation is effective in treating the @entity2299 in pediatric @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Prospective clinical trial where each @entity1 serves as his/her own control. Twenty-four consecutive adolescents fulfilling @entity1252 classification criteria were screened with fasting lipid profiles. @entity1 were identified as having @entity2299 of @entity66 or of corticosteroid therapy. @entity1 were treated for 6 weeks with dietary modification and if @entity2299 did not normalize with another 6 weeks of dietary modification and fish oil supplementation. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 (71%) had @entity2299 ; 10 of @entity66 , 4 of @entity134 therapy; 3 with a combined pattern. Eleven @entity1 underwent dietary modification. There was a significant decrease in serum @entity412 concentrations (p < 0.05). Total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein @entity165 , and high density lipoprotein @entity165 did not change significantly. A further significant decline in serum @entity1674 was achieved with fish oil supplementation (p < 0.05). Five of the 11 @entity1 who underwent treatment continued to have @entity2299 . CONCLUSION: @entity2299 is common in pediatric @entity1252 . Dietary modification and fish oil supplementation appear to be effective in improving serum lipid profiles, and blinded studies are warranted. a significant number of @entity1 may require pharmacologic therapy for persistent @entity2299 to prevent complications of @entity731 .

title: Effects of dietary modification and fish oil supplementation on XXXX in pediatric @entity1252 .

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipoproteinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Medial @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) with @entity131 is often accompanied by widespread changes in ipsilateral and contralateral white matter connectivity. Recent studies have proposed that @entity1 may show pathologically enhanced wiring of the limbic circuits. To better address this issue, we specifically probed connection patterns between hippocampus and thalamus and examined their impact on cognitive function. METHODS: A group of 44 @entity1 with @entity1315 (22 with right and 22 with left @entity131 ) and 24 healthy control @entity1 were examined with high-resolution T1 imaging, memory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and probabilistic diffusion tractography. Thirty-four @entity1 had further extensive neuropsychological testing. After whole brain segmentation with FreeSurfer, tractography streamline samples were drawn with hippocampus as the seed and thalamus as the target region. Two tractography strategies were applied: The first targeted the anatomic thalamic volume segmented in FreeSurfer and the second a functional region of interest in the  mediodorsal thalamus derived from the activation during delayed recognition memory. RESULTS: We found a pronounced enhancement of connectivity between the @entity3808 hippocampus and the ipsilateral thalamus both in the right and left @entity1315 as compared to healthy control @entity1 . This finding held for both the anatomically and the functionally defined thalamic target. Although differences were apparent in the number of absolute fibers, they were most pronounced when correcting for hippocampal volume. In terms of cognitive function, the number of hippocampal-thalamic connections was negatively correlated with performance in a variety of executive tasks, notably in the Trail Making Test, thus suggesting that the pathologic wiring did not compensate cognitive curtailing. SIGNIFICANCE: We suggest that @entity1315 is accompanied by an abnormal and dysfunctional enhancement of connectivity between the hippocampus and the thalamus, which is maximal on the side of the @entity1463 . This pathologic pattern of limbic wiring might reflect structural remodeling along common pathways of @entity410 propagation.

title: Hippocampal-thalamic wiring in medial XXXX : Enhanced connectivity per hippocampal voxel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: As important ion channels of the central nervous system, @entity460 channels not only take part in epileptogenesis but also act as the targets of commonly used @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Thus, this study aimed to provide the first investigation of the association between @entity10598 , @entity18128 , and @entity22826 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and AED resistance in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: We performed genotyping of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) of @entity10598 H in 480 Chinese @entity302 @entity1 (288 drug-responsive and 192 drug-resistant @entity1 ). The Illumina GoldenGate BeadArray assay was used to detect the genotypes of all of the @entity1 . A total of 15 SNPs were selected based on the HapMap database. The genotype distributions in drug-responsive and drug-resistant @entity1 were compared, and the haplotype frequencies of each gene were calculated. RESULTS: None of the 15 tagSNPs alleles were found to be associated with @entity302 . However, the frequency of the TAGAA haplotype in @entity10598 was significantly higher in drug-resistant @entity1 than in drug-responsive @entity1 after the correction of multiple comparisons with Bonferroni's method (TAGAA 13.3% vs. 7.1%, OR=2.129 [1.373-3.299], P=0.00059<0.05/10). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed no association between the 15 tagSNPs of @entity10598 , 1C, and 1H and drug efficacy in the Chinese Han population. The TAGAA haplotype of @entity10598 may be a risk factor for AED resistance.

title: Association study between polymorphisms in the @entity10598 , @entity18128 , and XXXX genes and @entity302 in the Chinese Han population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'drug-resistant epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity22826 :: (8912,Gene) :: ['CACNA1H']


abstract: PURPOSE: As important ion channels of the central nervous system, @entity460 channels not only take part in epileptogenesis but also act as the targets of commonly used @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Thus, this study aimed to provide the first investigation of the association between @entity10598 , @entity18128 , and @entity22826 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and AED resistance in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: We performed genotyping of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) of @entity10598 H in 480 Chinese @entity302 @entity1 (288 drug-responsive and 192 drug-resistant @entity1 ). The Illumina GoldenGate BeadArray assay was used to detect the genotypes of all of the @entity1 . A total of 15 SNPs were selected based on the HapMap database. The genotype distributions in drug-responsive and drug-resistant @entity1 were compared, and the haplotype frequencies of each gene were calculated. RESULTS: None of the 15 tagSNPs alleles were found to be associated with @entity302 . However, the frequency of the TAGAA haplotype in @entity10598 was significantly higher in drug-resistant @entity1 than in drug-responsive @entity1 after the correction of multiple comparisons with Bonferroni's method (TAGAA 13.3% vs. 7.1%, OR=2.129 [1.373-3.299], P=0.00059<0.05/10). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed no association between the 15 tagSNPs of @entity10598 , 1C, and 1H and drug efficacy in the Chinese Han population. The TAGAA haplotype of @entity10598 may be a risk factor for AED resistance.

title: Association study between polymorphisms in the @entity10598 , @entity18128 , and @entity22826 genes and XXXX in the Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['drug-resistant epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: As important ion channels of the central nervous system, @entity460 channels not only take part in epileptogenesis but also act as the targets of commonly used @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Thus, this study aimed to provide the first investigation of the association between @entity10598 , @entity18128 , and @entity22826 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and AED resistance in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: We performed genotyping of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) of @entity10598 H in 480 Chinese @entity302 @entity1 (288 drug-responsive and 192 drug-resistant @entity1 ). The Illumina GoldenGate BeadArray assay was used to detect the genotypes of all of the @entity1 . A total of 15 SNPs were selected based on the HapMap database. The genotype distributions in drug-responsive and drug-resistant @entity1 were compared, and the haplotype frequencies of each gene were calculated. RESULTS: None of the 15 tagSNPs alleles were found to be associated with @entity302 . However, the frequency of the TAGAA haplotype in @entity10598 was significantly higher in drug-resistant @entity1 than in drug-responsive @entity1 after the correction of multiple comparisons with Bonferroni's method (TAGAA 13.3% vs. 7.1%, OR=2.129 [1.373-3.299], P=0.00059<0.05/10). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed no association between the 15 tagSNPs of @entity10598 , 1C, and 1H and drug efficacy in the Chinese Han population. The TAGAA haplotype of @entity10598 may be a risk factor for AED resistance.

title: Association study between polymorphisms in the @entity10598 , XXXX , and @entity22826 genes and @entity302 in the Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity18128 :: (775,Gene) :: ['CACNA1C']


abstract: PURPOSE: As important ion channels of the central nervous system, @entity460 channels not only take part in epileptogenesis but also act as the targets of commonly used @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Thus, this study aimed to provide the first investigation of the association between @entity10598 , @entity18128 , and @entity22826 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and AED resistance in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: We performed genotyping of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) of @entity10598 H in 480 Chinese @entity302 @entity1 (288 drug-responsive and 192 drug-resistant @entity1 ). The Illumina GoldenGate BeadArray assay was used to detect the genotypes of all of the @entity1 . A total of 15 SNPs were selected based on the HapMap database. The genotype distributions in drug-responsive and drug-resistant @entity1 were compared, and the haplotype frequencies of each gene were calculated. RESULTS: None of the 15 tagSNPs alleles were found to be associated with @entity302 . However, the frequency of the TAGAA haplotype in @entity10598 was significantly higher in drug-resistant @entity1 than in drug-responsive @entity1 after the correction of multiple comparisons with Bonferroni's method (TAGAA 13.3% vs. 7.1%, OR=2.129 [1.373-3.299], P=0.00059<0.05/10). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed no association between the 15 tagSNPs of @entity10598 , 1C, and 1H and drug efficacy in the Chinese Han population. The TAGAA haplotype of @entity10598 may be a risk factor for AED resistance.

title: Association study between polymorphisms in the XXXX , @entity18128 , and @entity22826 genes and @entity302 in the Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity10598 :: (773,Gene) :: ['CACNA1A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Negative angiography @entity510 , also known as idiopathic @entity510 (iSAH), is a challenging pathologic condition whose evolution and final outcome is difficult to predict with certainty. This article describes the clinical features, the type of complications and rates, as well as the final outcome of @entity1 with iSAH. Methods   A prospective evaluation of @entity1 with @entity510 was performed. @entity1 with a diagnosis of iSAH were included. Demographic data, clinical features, complication rates, and functional outcomes were all collected. iSAH cases were subsequently compared with @entity1 with @entity439 @entity510 (aSAH) taken from the same period. Results   Forty-nine @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for iSAH. @entity1 with aSAH presented with a worse clinical condition and had a larger amount of blood in the initial computed tomography (CT) scan than iSAH @entity1 . There were no differences in the incidence of acute @entity1276 , and there was a positive correlation with the Fisher score and the initial clinical status in both groups. @entity2553 was more frequent among @entity1 with aSAH, but the relationship between the incidence of @entity2553 and the amount of blood in the initial CT scan was not linear. Good functional outcome was present in   >   90% of iSAH @entity1 . Conclusions   Although iSAH generally has a good prognosis, it may be accompanied with serious complications. The incidence of acute @entity1276 in iSAH is similar to that in aSAH. There is a lower incidence of @entity2553 in iSAH than aSAH. A different relationship seems to exist between these complications and the amount of blood in the CT scan.

title: Clinical Features and Complications in XXXX : Case Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: The @entity167 dehydrogenase II isozyme (enzyme, ADHII; structural gene, @entity27733 ) of the @entity375 , @entity375 , is under stringent @entity505 catabolite control. This cytoplasmic isozyme exhibits negligible activity during growth in media containing fermentable @entity505 sources such as @entity413 and is maximal during growth on nonfermentable @entity505 sources. A recessive mutation, @entity48268 -1, and possibly two other alleles at this locus, were selected for their ability to decrease Ty-activated @entity27733 -6c expression. The @entity48268 -1 mutation led to decreased ADHII activity in both @entity27733 -6c and @entity27733 + strains, and to decreased levels of @entity27733 mRNA. Ty transcription and the expression of two other @entity505 catabolite regulated enzymes, isocitrate lyase and @entity5910 dehydrogenase, were unaffected by the @entity48268 -1 mutation. @entity48268 -1/ @entity48268 -1 strains were defective for sporulation, indicating that @entity48268 mutations may have pleiotropic effects. The sporulation defect was not a consequence of decreased @entity6085 activity. Since the @entity27733 -6c mutation is due to insertion of a 5.6-kb Ty element at the TATAA box, it appears that the @entity48268 +-dependent ADHII activity required @entity27733 sequences 3' to or including the TATAA box. The @entity27733 upstream activating sequence (UAS) was probably not required. The @entity48268 locus was unlinked to the @entity15517 gene which encodes another trans-acting element required for @entity27733 expression.

title: The identification and characterization of @entity48268 , a gene required for sporulation and for expression of the XXXX dehydrogenase II isozyme from @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The @entity167 dehydrogenase II isozyme (enzyme, ADHII; structural gene, @entity27733 ) of the @entity375 , @entity375 , is under stringent @entity505 catabolite control. This cytoplasmic isozyme exhibits negligible activity during growth in media containing fermentable @entity505 sources such as @entity413 and is maximal during growth on nonfermentable @entity505 sources. A recessive mutation, @entity48268 -1, and possibly two other alleles at this locus, were selected for their ability to decrease Ty-activated @entity27733 -6c expression. The @entity48268 -1 mutation led to decreased ADHII activity in both @entity27733 -6c and @entity27733 + strains, and to decreased levels of @entity27733 mRNA. Ty transcription and the expression of two other @entity505 catabolite regulated enzymes, isocitrate lyase and @entity5910 dehydrogenase, were unaffected by the @entity48268 -1 mutation. @entity48268 -1/ @entity48268 -1 strains were defective for sporulation, indicating that @entity48268 mutations may have pleiotropic effects. The sporulation defect was not a consequence of decreased @entity6085 activity. Since the @entity27733 -6c mutation is due to insertion of a 5.6-kb Ty element at the TATAA box, it appears that the @entity48268 +-dependent ADHII activity required @entity27733 sequences 3' to or including the TATAA box. The @entity27733 upstream activating sequence (UAS) was probably not required. The @entity48268 locus was unlinked to the @entity15517 gene which encodes another trans-acting element required for @entity27733 expression.

title: The identification and characterization of @entity48268 , a gene required for sporulation and for expression of the @entity167 dehydrogenase II isozyme from XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The @entity167 dehydrogenase II isozyme (enzyme, ADHII; structural gene, @entity27733 ) of the @entity375 , @entity375 , is under stringent @entity505 catabolite control. This cytoplasmic isozyme exhibits negligible activity during growth in media containing fermentable @entity505 sources such as @entity413 and is maximal during growth on nonfermentable @entity505 sources. A recessive mutation, @entity48268 -1, and possibly two other alleles at this locus, were selected for their ability to decrease Ty-activated @entity27733 -6c expression. The @entity48268 -1 mutation led to decreased ADHII activity in both @entity27733 -6c and @entity27733 + strains, and to decreased levels of @entity27733 mRNA. Ty transcription and the expression of two other @entity505 catabolite regulated enzymes, isocitrate lyase and @entity5910 dehydrogenase, were unaffected by the @entity48268 -1 mutation. @entity48268 -1/ @entity48268 -1 strains were defective for sporulation, indicating that @entity48268 mutations may have pleiotropic effects. The sporulation defect was not a consequence of decreased @entity6085 activity. Since the @entity27733 -6c mutation is due to insertion of a 5.6-kb Ty element at the TATAA box, it appears that the @entity48268 +-dependent ADHII activity required @entity27733 sequences 3' to or including the TATAA box. The @entity27733 upstream activating sequence (UAS) was probably not required. The @entity48268 locus was unlinked to the @entity15517 gene which encodes another trans-acting element required for @entity27733 expression.

title: The identification and characterization of XXXX , a gene required for sporulation and for expression of the @entity167 dehydrogenase II isozyme from @entity375 .

answer: @entity48268 :: (856091(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['ADR6']


abstract: Characteristics of electrical activities, and the relationship between electrical and motor activities, were studied in circular and longitudinal (taenia) muscle of the @entity1 colon that was obtained from 21 individuals. Recordings were obtained with suction electrodes, the @entity969 -gap method, and microelectrodes. The circular muscle electrical activity consisted of oscillatory activity of relatively low amplitude, with a frequency range from 4.5 to 60 cycle/min. Spiking activity was present on most oscillations. Contractile activity was associated with individual oscillations at frequencies below 12 cycle/min. Contractions related to periods of oscillations at frequencies above 12 cycle/min showed summation resulting in prolonged contractions. In these periods, oscillations were either of relatively high amplitude, or had superimposed spiking activity. Longitudinal muscle activity consisted of slow electrical oscillations at frequencies between 24 and 36 cycle/min with spiking activity superimposed on most oscillations. Contractions were related to bursts of such activity. These findings provide the electrophysiologic basis for short and prolonged phasic contractions and for sustained contractions of the @entity1 @entity121 . Activities in both @entity121 were myogenic in nature, were very sensitive to stretch, and could be initiated or modulated by nervous activity.

title: Electrophysiologic control of motility in the XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['colon muscle layers', 'muscle layers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of published data on the prevalence of @entity1118 conditions within large, integrated healthcare organizations in the U.S.A. Such data are essential to inform the development of appropriate treatment programs. METHODS: Twenty-five selected @entity158 conditions were used to identify @entity1 receiving care within the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) who were enrolled in the Health Alliance Plan (HAP), a subsidiary of HFHS. @entity1 aged >=   18  years, enrolled in HAP in 2010, and having >=   2 encounters, >=   30  days apart, with an ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for a @entity158 condition of interest during 2010 were counted. Variables included in the study were as follows: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and Charlson comorbidity conditions and index score. RESULTS: Altogether, 14,784 @entity1 (11.6% of the total adult population) met the criteria for having a @entity1118 condition. Overall, the study population was 64.4% female and had mean age (SD) of 61.2 (15.6) years and mean BMI of 31.4 (7.2) kg/m(2) . @entity4512 conditions were the most common diagnoses, comprising 75.4% of all @entity158 diagnoses. @entity6 and chronic @entity358 were the most common medical comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: In this comprehensive analysis of 2  years of data from a large, vertically integrated metropolitan health system, @entity1118 was identified in 12% of adult @entity1 . Approximately 75% of @entity1118 conditions were musculoskeletal. The triad of age >=   60  years, BMI  >=   30, and female sex were the most salient demographic characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1118 conditions. These diagnostic and demographic data may be used to inform treatment program development.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in a Large Integrated Healthcare Delivery System in the U.S.A.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) to prevent @entity64 has to be balanced against the potential harm of serious @entity548 , especially @entity932 ( @entity932 ). We determined the net clinical benefit (NCB) balancing effectiveness and safety of no antithrombotic therapy, @entity117 and @entity1229 in AF @entity1 with none or one @entity64 risk factor. Using Danish registries, we determined NCB using various definitions intrinsic to our cohort (Danish weights at 1 and 5 year follow-up), with risk weights which were derived from the hazard ratio (HR) of @entity204 following an event, relative to HR of @entity204 after @entity64 . When @entity117 was compared to no treatment, NCB was neutral or negative for both risk strata. For @entity1229 vs no treatment, NCB using Danish weights was neutral where no risk factors were present and using five years follow-up. For one @entity64 risk factor, NCB was positive for @entity1229 vs no treatment, for one year and five year follow-up. For @entity1229 vs @entity117 use in @entity1 with no risk factors, NCB was positive with one year follow-up, but neutral with five year follow-up. With one risk factor, NCB was generally positive for @entity1229 vs @entity117 . In conclusion, we show a positive overall advantage (i.e. positive NCB) of effective @entity64 prevention with OAC, compared to no therapy or @entity117 with one additional @entity64 risk factor, using Danish weights. 'Low risk' AF @entity1 with no additional @entity64 risk factors (i.e.CHA2DS2-VASc 0 in males, 1 in females) do not derive any advantage (neutral or negative NCB) with @entity117 , nor with @entity1229 therapy in the long run.

title: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation @entity1 with none or one additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score. A comprehensive net clinical benefit analysis for @entity1229 , XXXX , or no therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) to prevent @entity64 has to be balanced against the potential harm of serious @entity548 , especially @entity932 ( @entity932 ). We determined the net clinical benefit (NCB) balancing effectiveness and safety of no antithrombotic therapy, @entity117 and @entity1229 in AF @entity1 with none or one @entity64 risk factor. Using Danish registries, we determined NCB using various definitions intrinsic to our cohort (Danish weights at 1 and 5 year follow-up), with risk weights which were derived from the hazard ratio (HR) of @entity204 following an event, relative to HR of @entity204 after @entity64 . When @entity117 was compared to no treatment, NCB was neutral or negative for both risk strata. For @entity1229 vs no treatment, NCB using Danish weights was neutral where no risk factors were present and using five years follow-up. For one @entity64 risk factor, NCB was positive for @entity1229 vs no treatment, for one year and five year follow-up. For @entity1229 vs @entity117 use in @entity1 with no risk factors, NCB was positive with one year follow-up, but neutral with five year follow-up. With one risk factor, NCB was generally positive for @entity1229 vs @entity117 . In conclusion, we show a positive overall advantage (i.e. positive NCB) of effective @entity64 prevention with OAC, compared to no therapy or @entity117 with one additional @entity64 risk factor, using Danish weights. 'Low risk' AF @entity1 with no additional @entity64 risk factors (i.e.CHA2DS2-VASc 0 in males, 1 in females) do not derive any advantage (neutral or negative NCB) with @entity117 , nor with @entity1229 therapy in the long run.

title: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation @entity1 with none or one additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score. A comprehensive net clinical benefit analysis for XXXX , @entity117 , or no therapy.

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) to prevent @entity64 has to be balanced against the potential harm of serious @entity548 , especially @entity932 ( @entity932 ). We determined the net clinical benefit (NCB) balancing effectiveness and safety of no antithrombotic therapy, @entity117 and @entity1229 in AF @entity1 with none or one @entity64 risk factor. Using Danish registries, we determined NCB using various definitions intrinsic to our cohort (Danish weights at 1 and 5 year follow-up), with risk weights which were derived from the hazard ratio (HR) of @entity204 following an event, relative to HR of @entity204 after @entity64 . When @entity117 was compared to no treatment, NCB was neutral or negative for both risk strata. For @entity1229 vs no treatment, NCB using Danish weights was neutral where no risk factors were present and using five years follow-up. For one @entity64 risk factor, NCB was positive for @entity1229 vs no treatment, for one year and five year follow-up. For @entity1229 vs @entity117 use in @entity1 with no risk factors, NCB was positive with one year follow-up, but neutral with five year follow-up. With one risk factor, NCB was generally positive for @entity1229 vs @entity117 . In conclusion, we show a positive overall advantage (i.e. positive NCB) of effective @entity64 prevention with OAC, compared to no therapy or @entity117 with one additional @entity64 risk factor, using Danish weights. 'Low risk' AF @entity1 with no additional @entity64 risk factors (i.e.CHA2DS2-VASc 0 in males, 1 in females) do not derive any advantage (neutral or negative NCB) with @entity117 , nor with @entity1229 therapy in the long run.

title: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation XXXX with none or one additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score. A comprehensive net clinical benefit analysis for @entity1229 , @entity117 , or no therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pro-survival @entity588 family members can promote @entity5 development and contribute to treatment resistance. @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is frequently characterized by overexpression of anti-apoptotic @entity588 family members. Increased levels of these anti-apoptotic proteins have been associated with radio- and chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome. Inhibition of anti-apoptotic @entity588 family members therefore represents an appealing strategy to overcome resistance to anti- @entity5 therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate combined effects of radiation and the pan- @entity588 inhibitor AT-101 in @entity213 in vitro. In addition, we determined @entity1 plasma levels of AT-101 obtained from a phase I/II trial, and compared these with the effective in vitro concentrations to substantiate therapeutic opportunities. METHODS: We examined the effect of AT-101, radiation and the combination on apoptosis induction and clonogenic survival in two @entity213 cell lines that express the target proteins. Apoptosis was assessed by @entity2455 staining to detect morphological nuclear changes and/or by @entity2667 staining and flow-cytometry analysis to quantify sub-diploid apoptotic nuclei. The type of interaction between AT-101 and radiation was evaluated by calculating the Combination Index (CI) and by performing isobolographic analysis. For the pharmacokinetic analysis, plasma AT-101 levels were measured by HPLC in blood samples collected from @entity1 enrolled in our clinical phase I/II study. These @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 were treated with standard @entity900 -based chemoradiotherapy and received dose-escalating oral AT-101 in a 2-weeks daily schedule every 3  weeks. RESULTS: In vitro results showed that AT-101 enhances radiation-induced apoptosis with CI's below 1.0, indicating synergy. This effect was sequence-dependent. Clonogenic survival assays demonstrated a radiosensitizing effect with a DEF37 of 1.3 at sub-apoptotic concentrations of AT-101. Pharmacokinetic analysis of @entity1 blood samples taken between 30  min and 24  h after intake of AT-101 showed a dose-dependent increase in plasma concentration with peak levels up to 300-700  ng/ml between 1.5 and 2.5  h after intake. CONCLUSION: AT-101 is a competent enhancer of radiation-induced apoptosis in @entity213 in vitro. In addition, in vitro radiosensitization was observed at clinically attainable plasma levels. These finding support further evaluation of the combination of AT-101 with radiation in @entity588 -overexpressing @entity5 .

title: Targeting anti-apoptotic XXXX by AT-101 to increase radiation efficacy: data from in vitro and clinical pharmacokinetic studies in head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2455 :: ('MESH:D006690', 'Chemical') :: ['bis-benzimide']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: Thiazide diuretics have been in use for over 30 years in the treatment of @entity101 . Their action results in a reduction in peripheral resistance without a significant @entity998 or a major shift in plasma volume. They are as or more effective than any of the other antihypertensive agents when used as monotherapy and can serve as baseline therapy in combination with any of the available adrenergic, converting enzyme-inhibiting agents, or @entity460 -entry blockers. There is a high degree of @entity1 acceptance; titration to an effective dosage is relatively easy; and cost, relatively low. Although certain undesirable metabolic changes may occur following the use of these agents, most of them are controllable, and there is no evidence to date that they offset the benefits achieved by blood pressure lowering. Asymptomatic elevated uric acids have not been shown to be of great significance. If gout occurs, it can be managed. Alterations in @entity413 metabolism may occur, and in some @entity1 , it appears that blood @entity413 levels are elevated over time. This is not a desirable metabolic change, but is one of doubtful prognostic significance. Changes in lipids are generally short-term, and in the major clinical trials, lipid levels have not remained elevated with a continuation of diuretic therapy. Although diuretics produce @entity1371 in a fairly high percentage of @entity1 , this is not generally severe (less than 3.3 mEq per liter) and usually does not produce symptoms. There is no firm evidence that the @entity1371 produced by diuretics predisposes the @entity1 to severe @entity943 or @entity944 , although this point has been emphasized repeatedly in recent publications. Diuretics can usually be given without @entity972 -maintenance therapy. However, @entity1371 should be prevented in the elderly, in @entity1 with @entity741 , @entity4346 and those on digitalis, or with @entity6 . We prefer @entity972 -sparing agents along with a diuretic over supplements to prevent @entity1371 ; the number of pills is kept at a reasonable level, and cost is minimized. Physicians should continue to prescribe diuretics as first-step therapy in the majority of @entity1 to maximize therapeutic outcome.

title: Diuretics in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A 38-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Yatsushiro General Hospital because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film. Chest X-ray film showed a tumorous shadow in the left posterior basal segment (S10). Chest CT scan showed that this shadow was consisted of torutuous vessels and was connected to the descending thoracic aorta. Angiographic examinations showed that there was no normal left basal trunk of the pulmonary artery, and revealed an anomalous arterial supply to the basal segments from the descending thoracic aorta, with an @entity358 . The left bronchial tree appeared normal during fibroptic bronchoscopy (confirmed by post-operative bronchography). From these findings, we determined that this @entity1 had an systemic arterial supply to the normal basal segments. Furthermore, this @entity1 had an @entity358 , which took a peculiar route to the left atrium. The @entity7244 were resected. In the resected specimen, the bronchi of the left lower lobe had a normal structure and showed a normal pattern of distribution. This anomalous systemic artery had an elastic component.

title: [A case of systemic arterial supply to the normal left basal segments with anomalous return of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous left inferior pulmonary vein']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['left lower lobe and the anomalous systemic artery']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['left inferior pulmonary vein']


abstract: A 38-year-old @entity1 was found to have an abnormal shadow in his chest X-ray film during a general medical examination. A nodule with a homogeneous density and a clear margin was seen in the upper lobe of the right lung. Since this shadow gradually enlarged during a five-year follow-up period, he was admitted to our hospital. Chest contrast and dynamic CT scans and aortography showed characteristics of a @entity5 with somewhat rich vascularity. The doubling time of this @entity5 was about 430 days. Transbronchial brushing for cytologic study and a transbronchial biopsy showed no @entity5 . However, the @entity5 was surgically resected because of its gradual growth over the five years. The resected @entity5 was histologically diagnosed as a @entity2 . This disease was first described by Leibow and Castleman in 1963, as a @entity5 similar to @entity1358 . This disease is extremely rare and only 61 cases have been reported: twenty cases, including the present case, in Japan and 41 in other countries.

title: [A XXXX that grew gradually over five years].

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['benign clear cell tumor of the lung']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'benign pulmonary tumor', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['benign clear cell tumor of the lung']


abstract: Primary or secondary @entity5201 is associated with @entity3835 @entity1790 , @entity82 and progressive @entity177 . Monolayer cultures of nontransformed monkey kidney epithelial cells ( @entity35635 line) and @entity3835 ( @entity10812 ) crystals were used as a model system to study cell responses to crystal interactions that might occur in the nephrons of @entity1 during periods of @entity5201 . To determine if @entity10812 crystals signal a change in gene expression, Northern blots were prepared from total renal cellular RNA after the cells were exposed to crystals. The immediate early genes @entity517 , @entity5738 , and @entity5282 were induced at one hour. At two to six hours stimulated expression of the genes encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A chain was detected, but constitutive expression of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) was not altered. Expression of @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ) was induced at one hour and persisted up to 24 hours. The stimulation of gene expression by @entity10812 crystals was relatively crystal- and renal cell-type specific. Thus the interaction of kidney epithelial cells with @entity10812 crystals alters expression of genes that encode three classes of proteins: transcriptional activators, a regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM), and growth factors. Activation of @entity2289 gene expression without a change in @entity2290 favors accumulation of ECM proteins, as does increased expression of PDGF and @entity12020 which can also stimulate fibroblast proliferation in a paracrine manner. These results suggest that @entity10812 crystal-mediated stimulation of specific genes in renal tubular cells may contribute to the development of @entity82 in hyperoxaluric states.

title: XXXX crystals stimulate gene expression in renal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate monohydrate', 'calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity12020 :: ('1490', 'Gene') :: ['connective tissue growth factor', 'CTGF']

answer: @entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['Calcium oxalate monohydrate']


abstract: Heterokaryons (hets), but not monokaryons of @entity5132 die when grown anaerobically on minimal medium. Their rates of inactivation increase with decreases in growth temperatures from 37 degrees C to 25 degrees C. At 10 degrees C, however, anaerobiosis is not lethal and suppresses the inactivation which normally occurs among hets cultured aerobically at that temperature. Killing of hets by anaerobiosis can be altered significantly by certain exogenously provided @entity1522 or intermediates of oxidative respiration. Aspartic acid alone promotes inactivation whereas @entity493 , @entity367 or @entity376 individually have no effects. However, @entity2227 and @entity376 combined afford slight protection against inactivation while @entity492 and @entity2227 combined, with or without @entity376 , are highly protective: the activity of the @entity492 - @entity2227 combination is completely negated by the addition of @entity493 . Other common @entity1522 have no effects on het responses to anaerobiosis other than the ability, when combined, to relieve the antagonism of @entity493 for the @entity492 - @entity2227 combination. Anaerobic survivals are also enhanced by @entity5911 or @entity15706 , and even more so by a combination of these two intermediates. The resistances to inactivation elicited by the oxalacetate @entity15706 or @entity492 - @entity2227 combinations are not additive. These relationships are interpreted to signify that inactivation of hets by anaerobic growth is largely, if not exclusively, due to depletion of their @entity5911 and @entity15706 contents for @entity535 biosyntheses, and the unique inability of het cells to replenish those @entity28869 upon subsequent return to aerobic conditions. The observations are consistent with previous indications that mitochondria formed by hets are functionally abnormal.

title: Selective inactivation of heterokaryons of XXXX by anaerobiosis.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity28869 :: ('MESH:D007651', 'Chemical') :: ['keto acids']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-ketoglutaric acid', 'alpha-ketoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity5911 :: ('MESH:D062907', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity0 , diagnosed according to criteria of Ridolfi et al. [Cancer 40:1365-1385, 1977] are described. At the time of diagnosis, 90% of the @entity1 were stages I and II. The primary @entity5 size was < or = to 4 cm in 46 (88.5%) and > 4 cm in 6 (11.5%) @entity1 . Axillary lymph nodes were microscopically negative in 35 (67.3%) and positive in 17 (32.7%) @entity1 . All 52 @entity1 underwent the Patey operation. Seventeen @entity1 with microscopically positive axillary lymph nodes received postoperative irradiation. Of the 52 treated @entity1 , 44 (84.6%) survived 10 years NED. The only prognostic factor was the microscopical axillary lymph nodes status. In the group of pNO @entity1 , 97.1% survived 10 years NED, pN+ 58.8% only. The sole causes of unsuccessful treatment were distant metastases to lungs, hepar, and bones. Typical @entity189 is a favorable histological type of @entity0 with very good prognosis for pNO @entity1 .

title: Typical XXXX of the breast: a clinical and pathological analysis of 52 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'typical medullary breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['medullary carcinoma']


abstract: The virion-associated glycoprotein of the CVS-11 strain of @entity17839 exists in two forms, GI and GII, which differ in their @entity1735 content. The structural relationship between GI and GII is investigated in order to account for the difference in glycosylation. Partial sequence analysis and mapping of tryptic glycopeptides isolated from the parent CVS-11 GI and GII glycoprotein forms revealed that two of the three predicted glycosylation sites (at @entity2734 -204 and @entity2734 -319) were utilized in the GI form whereas only one of these two sites (at @entity2734 -319) was utilized in the GII form. One predicted glycosylation site (at @entity2734 -37) was not utilized in either species. In the variant virus, RV231-22, a single glycoprotein species was detected which corresponded in electrophoretic mobility to the GI form of the parent virus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the variant glycoprotein gene revealed a base mutation which specifies an @entity535 change six residues upstream from the predicted glycosylation site at @entity2734 -204. This single @entity535 substitution apparently results in utilization of the signal at @entity2734 -204 in the GII form of RV231-22 virus. The @entity535 substitution is discussed in relation to altered conformation. In the variant virus RV194-2 (F3), both GI and GII glycoprotein forms were present, but each revealed slower electrophoretic mobilities compared with the corresponding parent glycoprotein forms in @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE). An extra glycosylation site was identified in both glycoprotein forms of this variant virus.

title: Antigenic variants of CVS XXXX with altered glycosylation sites.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity17839 :: (11292,Species) :: ['rabies virus']


abstract: Two techniques originally developed for measurement of glycated ("glycosylated") hemoglobin but also applicable to determination of glycated albumin are the @entity4466 colorimetric technique (I) and the @entity56087 affinity chromatographic procedure (II). The latter reliably distinguishes @entity6 from nondiabetics, and concentrations of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin are linearly correlated. I is nonspecific; it neither correlates with @entity6 status nor with values derived via the affinity technique. Most of the chromogenic material is present in the fraction of albumin that does not bind to @entity56087 . @entity413 interferes significantly with I but only slightly with II. Prolonged incubation of plasma with @entity413 dramatically increases the II-determined glycated albumin. Reactivity with @entity4466 increases much less, and mainly in the II-bound fraction. This fraction contains a high proportion of nonspecifically reactive material. The percentage of glycated albumin determined in crude plasma samples by II differs only slightly from the value determined by purifying the albumin from the plasma. This technique appears more promising than I for eventual clinical applications.

title: XXXX affinity chromatography and @entity4466 colorimetry compared for measuring glycated albumin.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity56087 :: ('MESH:C028592', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophenylboronic acid']

answer: @entity56087 :: (MESH:C028592,Chemical) :: ['Aminophenylboronic acid']


abstract: Two techniques originally developed for measurement of glycated ("glycosylated") hemoglobin but also applicable to determination of glycated albumin are the @entity4466 colorimetric technique (I) and the @entity56087 affinity chromatographic procedure (II). The latter reliably distinguishes @entity6 from nondiabetics, and concentrations of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin are linearly correlated. I is nonspecific; it neither correlates with @entity6 status nor with values derived via the affinity technique. Most of the chromogenic material is present in the fraction of albumin that does not bind to @entity56087 . @entity413 interferes significantly with I but only slightly with II. Prolonged incubation of plasma with @entity413 dramatically increases the II-determined glycated albumin. Reactivity with @entity4466 increases much less, and mainly in the II-bound fraction. This fraction contains a high proportion of nonspecifically reactive material. The percentage of glycated albumin determined in crude plasma samples by II differs only slightly from the value determined by purifying the albumin from the plasma. This technique appears more promising than I for eventual clinical applications.

title: @entity56087 affinity chromatography and XXXX colorimetry compared for measuring glycated albumin.

answer: @entity4466 :: (MESH:C029684,Chemical) :: ['thiobarbituric acid']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1569 or other @entity66 had liver biopsies done before treatment with low-dose @entity1499 , 15 mg/week, and then at one- to two-year intervals as long as they continued the @entity1499 . All @entity1 were symptomatically improved on this regimen. The 15 @entity1 who had normal liver biopsies at the start of the study had normal biopsies after @entity1499 . Fifteen others had minor hepatic histologic abnormalities before treatment. Eleven @entity1 had @entity1560 . Ten showed no significant change after treatment while one had increased fat and portal @entity82 on a fourth liver biopsy done seven years after @entity1500 was begun. This last @entity1 , a former @entity167 abuser, continued @entity1499 and showed no further worsening at 8 years. The remaining four had portal @entity82 before treatment. One @entity1 had less @entity82 after @entity1499 , two @entity1 slightly more @entity82 , and one a marked increase in portal @entity82 . No @entity1 developed @entity82 or clinical @entity409 . Our results suggest that in the absence of @entity167 consumption, low-dose weekly @entity1499 treatment rarely causes clinically significant @entity409 .

title: Low incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with long-term, low-dose oral XXXX in treatment of @entity1569 , psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. An acceptable risk/benefit ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonmalignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1569 or other @entity66 had liver biopsies done before treatment with low-dose @entity1499 , 15 mg/week, and then at one- to two-year intervals as long as they continued the @entity1499 . All @entity1 were symptomatically improved on this regimen. The 15 @entity1 who had normal liver biopsies at the start of the study had normal biopsies after @entity1499 . Fifteen others had minor hepatic histologic abnormalities before treatment. Eleven @entity1 had @entity1560 . Ten showed no significant change after treatment while one had increased fat and portal @entity82 on a fourth liver biopsy done seven years after @entity1500 was begun. This last @entity1 , a former @entity167 abuser, continued @entity1499 and showed no further worsening at 8 years. The remaining four had portal @entity82 before treatment. One @entity1 had less @entity82 after @entity1499 , two @entity1 slightly more @entity82 , and one a marked increase in portal @entity82 . No @entity1 developed @entity82 or clinical @entity409 . Our results suggest that in the absence of @entity167 consumption, low-dose weekly @entity1499 treatment rarely causes clinically significant @entity409 .

title: Low incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with long-term, low-dose oral @entity1499 in treatment of XXXX , psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. An acceptable risk/benefit ratio.

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['refractory psoriasis']


abstract: Many scientists have focused their research on the role of nanotechnology for the control of @entity1 pathogens, but there are also many topical pathogens present in animals, which infect animals and transfer to @entity1 . Topical therapy is extremely important for the management of dermatological condition in animals. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of biogenic @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with herbal oils against @entity272 which may be responsible for causing infections in @entity1 beings. Here, the authors synthesised and characterised the AgNPs from Azadirachta indica. The oils were extracted from medicinal plants including Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon martini, Eucalyptus globules, A. indica and Ocimum sanctum and the antifungal and antibacterial activity of plant oils along with AgNPs were evaluated. An excision wound model was used for the study of wound healing activity in @entity95 . AgNPs functionalised oil has demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against pathogens present on the skin of animals. The nano-functionalised antimicrobial oils were used in the formulation of shampoo, soap and ointment for veterinary dermatology. Antimicrobial products of plant origin with AgNPs are valuable, safe and have a specific role in controlling diseases. The authors believe that this approach will be a good alternative therapy to solve the continuous antibiotic resistance developed by many bacterial pathogens and will be utilised in various animal contacting areas in medicine.

title: Development of shampoo, soap and ointment formulated by green synthesised XXXX nanoparticles functionalised with antimicrobial plants oils in veterinary dermatology: treatment and prevention strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['animal skin infections']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3969 gene single nucleotide polymorphism ( @entity8587 SNP) @entity73166 has been described as a favorable risk marker in @entity1 with @entity3052 . Subsequent studies revealed inconsistent results in both adult and pediatric @entity1 . We analyzed its impact on clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) for the first time. METHODS: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 of 158 @entity1 with @entity981 treated according to @entity981  nster treatment trials from 1990 to 2009 and 43 hematopoietic stem cell donors was analyzed by allelic discrimination. @entity8587 SNP status was correlated with disease characteristics and clinical outcome comparing SNP ( @entity8587 (GG/AG)) and wildtype ( @entity8587 (AA)). RESULTS: At least one minor allele was found in 23.4  % of @entity1 and 34.9  % of donors (P  =  0.07). Distribution of @entity1 and disease  characteristics was similar between @entity8587 (GG/AG) and @entity8587 (AA). In multivariate analyses, @entity8587 SNP was an independent good prognostic marker for cumulative incidence of relapse ( @entity5434 @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  3.384, P  =  0.021) and event-free survival (EFS; event risk @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  2.503, P  =  0.036). Univariate subanalyses of @entity1 who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation revealed more significant differences in @entity5434 (P  =  0.017), EFS (P  =  0.012), and overall survival (OS; P  =  0.017). Donor's @entity8587 SNP status did not affect outcome. We found no correlation between @entity8587 SNP and @entity8587 expression level at diagnosis (P  =  0.634). CONCLUSION: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 predicts improved @entity5434 and EFS. Outcome differences were more prominent in transplanted @entity1 . Our findings identify @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 as a favorable risk marker in @entity981 which is independent from known risk factors.

title: @entity3969 gene single nucleotide polymorphism @entity73166 predicts a favorable outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL Berlin-Frankfurt-M', 'pediatric ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3969 gene single nucleotide polymorphism ( @entity8587 SNP) @entity73166 has been described as a favorable risk marker in @entity1 with @entity3052 . Subsequent studies revealed inconsistent results in both adult and pediatric @entity1 . We analyzed its impact on clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) for the first time. METHODS: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 of 158 @entity1 with @entity981 treated according to @entity981  nster treatment trials from 1990 to 2009 and 43 hematopoietic stem cell donors was analyzed by allelic discrimination. @entity8587 SNP status was correlated with disease characteristics and clinical outcome comparing SNP ( @entity8587 (GG/AG)) and wildtype ( @entity8587 (AA)). RESULTS: At least one minor allele was found in 23.4  % of @entity1 and 34.9  % of donors (P  =  0.07). Distribution of @entity1 and disease  characteristics was similar between @entity8587 (GG/AG) and @entity8587 (AA). In multivariate analyses, @entity8587 SNP was an independent good prognostic marker for cumulative incidence of relapse ( @entity5434 @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  3.384, P  =  0.021) and event-free survival (EFS; event risk @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  2.503, P  =  0.036). Univariate subanalyses of @entity1 who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation revealed more significant differences in @entity5434 (P  =  0.017), EFS (P  =  0.012), and overall survival (OS; P  =  0.017). Donor's @entity8587 SNP status did not affect outcome. We found no correlation between @entity8587 SNP and @entity8587 expression level at diagnosis (P  =  0.634). CONCLUSION: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 predicts improved @entity5434 and EFS. Outcome differences were more prominent in transplanted @entity1 . Our findings identify @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 as a favorable risk marker in @entity981 which is independent from known risk factors.

title: @entity3969 gene single nucleotide polymorphism XXXX predicts a favorable outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 .

answer: @entity73166 :: (rs16754,SNP) :: ['rs16754']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3969 gene single nucleotide polymorphism ( @entity8587 SNP) @entity73166 has been described as a favorable risk marker in @entity1 with @entity3052 . Subsequent studies revealed inconsistent results in both adult and pediatric @entity1 . We analyzed its impact on clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) for the first time. METHODS: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 of 158 @entity1 with @entity981 treated according to @entity981  nster treatment trials from 1990 to 2009 and 43 hematopoietic stem cell donors was analyzed by allelic discrimination. @entity8587 SNP status was correlated with disease characteristics and clinical outcome comparing SNP ( @entity8587 (GG/AG)) and wildtype ( @entity8587 (AA)). RESULTS: At least one minor allele was found in 23.4  % of @entity1 and 34.9  % of donors (P  =  0.07). Distribution of @entity1 and disease  characteristics was similar between @entity8587 (GG/AG) and @entity8587 (AA). In multivariate analyses, @entity8587 SNP was an independent good prognostic marker for cumulative incidence of relapse ( @entity5434 @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  3.384, P  =  0.021) and event-free survival (EFS; event risk @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  2.503, P  =  0.036). Univariate subanalyses of @entity1 who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation revealed more significant differences in @entity5434 (P  =  0.017), EFS (P  =  0.012), and overall survival (OS; P  =  0.017). Donor's @entity8587 SNP status did not affect outcome. We found no correlation between @entity8587 SNP and @entity8587 expression level at diagnosis (P  =  0.634). CONCLUSION: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 predicts improved @entity5434 and EFS. Outcome differences were more prominent in transplanted @entity1 . Our findings identify @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 as a favorable risk marker in @entity981 which is independent from known risk factors.

title: XXXX gene single nucleotide polymorphism @entity73166 predicts a favorable outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 .

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3969 gene single nucleotide polymorphism ( @entity8587 SNP) @entity73166 has been described as a favorable risk marker in @entity1 with @entity3052 . Subsequent studies revealed inconsistent results in both adult and pediatric @entity1 . We analyzed its impact on clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) for the first time. METHODS: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 of 158 @entity1 with @entity981 treated according to @entity981  nster treatment trials from 1990 to 2009 and 43 hematopoietic stem cell donors was analyzed by allelic discrimination. @entity8587 SNP status was correlated with disease characteristics and clinical outcome comparing SNP ( @entity8587 (GG/AG)) and wildtype ( @entity8587 (AA)). RESULTS: At least one minor allele was found in 23.4  % of @entity1 and 34.9  % of donors (P  =  0.07). Distribution of @entity1 and disease  characteristics was similar between @entity8587 (GG/AG) and @entity8587 (AA). In multivariate analyses, @entity8587 SNP was an independent good prognostic marker for cumulative incidence of relapse ( @entity5434 @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  3.384, P  =  0.021) and event-free survival (EFS; event risk @entity8587 (AA) vs. @entity8587 (GG/AG) HR  =  2.503, P  =  0.036). Univariate subanalyses of @entity1 who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation revealed more significant differences in @entity5434 (P  =  0.017), EFS (P  =  0.012), and overall survival (OS; P  =  0.017). Donor's @entity8587 SNP status did not affect outcome. We found no correlation between @entity8587 SNP and @entity8587 expression level at diagnosis (P  =  0.634). CONCLUSION: @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 predicts improved @entity5434 and EFS. Outcome differences were more prominent in transplanted @entity1 . Our findings identify @entity8587 SNP @entity73166 as a favorable risk marker in @entity981 which is independent from known risk factors.

title: @entity3969 gene single nucleotide polymorphism @entity73166 predicts a favorable outcome in XXXX with @entity981 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A total of 280 fecal specimens from @entity1 with @entity697 attending one rural hospital (Dharmapasha health complex, Sunamgonj) in Bangladesh from August 2004 to May 2006 were tested for rotavirus by @entity2975 Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). The diversity of rotavirus was investigated using electropherotyping and reverse transcription-PCR amplification of the VP7 and VP4 genes. The electrophoretic patterns of dsRNA of rotavirus showed 9 different migrations (6 long and 3 short) by PAGE. In the year 2004-2006, @entity7414 was detected in 112 out of 280(40.0%) specimens. G and P genotyping was performed among the 46 representative positive specimens, 20(43.5%) were emerging strain G9P[8], which were associated with VP6 genotype II (subgroup II), and @entity20466 genotype B, followed by 16(34.8%) G2P[4], 8(17.4%) G1P[8] and 2(4.4%) G4P[8] strains. G9P[8] was found to be the most predominant strain in 2004, but the prevalence rate abruptly decreased during the period 2005-2006. In addition G2P[4] was the most prevalent strain in 2005 and 2006. G1P[8] was less prevalent in the study period then the previous years. Nucleotide Sequence identity of VP7 gene of G9 rotaviruses were higher than 99.4% with each other and all the G9 rotavirus strains in this study clustered in a single branch of the phylogenetic tree. Nucleotide sequence identity of complete VP4 gene of P[8] rotaviruses were more than 99.7% with each other and all the P[8] rotavirus strains in this study grouped in a single cluster suggesting recent emergence from a common ancestor. An important finding of this study is that the genetic profile of rotavirus is changing within very short period in Bangladesh and continued surveillance of the circulating strains is necessary to detect new strains or new variants which can escape immune protection induced by available vaccines.

title: Instability of XXXX rotavirus G genotypes circulating in a rural area of Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['group A rotavirus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The use of grafts with @entity8 has been considered a relative contraindication because of the increased incidence of @entity455 . The aim of this retrospective study is to determine whether the kidney grafts with multiple arteries have any adverse effect upon post transplant graft and @entity1 survival. After reviewing the records of 35 adult kidney transplants done consecutively at Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University over a period of 3 years (Jan 2005 to Dec 2007). Mean age of recipients. 43.46  12.11 years and donors 40.33  11.46 years. Twenty @entity1 (Group A) had grafts with single renal artery and 15 @entity1 (Group B) had grafts with @entity8 . The incidence of @entity455 , @entity1901 , post surgical @entity548 , mean serum @entity1011 level and @entity4295 in both Group A _ B were observed. Complications developed in 15(43%) @entity1 in this series. In Group A, 1(5%) developed post @entity548 cause perinephric @entity1410 , 1(5%) @entity1698 , 1(5%) sloughed ureter, graft nephrectomy 1(5%) and @entity4295 (5%) @entity1 . In Group B, 2(13%) @entity1 developed @entity1410 , urine leak 3(20%), sloughed ureter 1(6%), graft nephrectomy 1(6%) and @entity4295 3(20%) @entity1 . Though the kidney grafts with @entity8 have been considered a relative contraindication because of the increased risk of complication. In this series incidence of complication was 43%. The higher rate probably reflects the small number of living related donors.

title: The outcome of kidney transplants with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multiple renal arteries']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular and urologic complications', 'vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['operative bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'acute tubular necrosis 1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['technical obstruction of ureter']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['multiple renal arteries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although central @entity1650 (CAPD) test battery performance has been examined in adults with @entity149 (CANS), similar data on @entity1 being referred for CAPD evaluations are sparse. PURPOSE: This study characterizes CAPD test battery performance in @entity1 using tests commonly administered to diagnose the disorder. Specifically, this study describes failure rates for various test combinations, relationships between CAPD tests used in the battery, and the influence of cognitive function on CAPD test performance and CAPD diagnosis. A comparison is also made between the performance of @entity1 with CAPD and data from @entity1 with @entity16 of the CANS. RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective study. STUDY SAMPLE: Fifty-six pediatric @entity1 were referred for CAPD testing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: @entity1 were administered four CAPD tests, including frequency patterns (FP), low-pass filtered speech (LPFS), @entity433 ( @entity433 ), and competing sentences (CS). In addition, they were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 (WISC). Descriptive analyses examined the failure rates of various test combinations, as well as how often @entity1 with CAPD failed certain combinations when compared with adults with CANS lesions. A principal components analysis was performed to examine interrelationships between tests. Correlations and regressions were conducted to determine the relationship between CAPD test performance and the WISC. RESULTS: Results showed that the FP and LPFS tests were most commonly failed by @entity1 with CAPD. Two-test combinations that included one or both of these two tests and excluded @entity433 tended to be failed more often. Including the @entity433 and CS test in a battery benefited specificity. Tests thought to measure interhemispheric transfer tended to be correlated. Compared with adult @entity1 with @entity16 , @entity1 with CAPD tended to fail LPFS more frequently and @entity433 less frequently. Both groups failed FP with relatively equal frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The two-test combination that showed the highest failure rate for @entity1 with CAPD was LPFS-FP. Comparison with adults with CANS lesions, however, suggests that the mechanisms underlying LPFS performance in @entity1 need to be better understood. The two-test combination that showed the next highest failure rates among @entity1 with CAPD and did not include LPFS was CS-FP. If it is desirable to use a dichotic measure that has a lower linguistic load than CS then @entity433 can be substituted for CS despite the slightly lower failure rate of the @entity7944 .

title: Characteristics of Pediatric Performance on a Test Battery Commonly Used in the Diagnosis of Central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['auditory processing disorder']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic lesions of the central auditory nervous system']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['DD-FP battery']

entities_list: @entity433 :: ('MESH:C536436', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'dichotic digits']

answer: @entity1650 :: (MESH:D001308,Disease) :: ['Auditory Processing Disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity2521 has been implicated as a risk factor for various @entity262 , the precise mechanisms by which @entity2521 induces @entity262 remain to be elucidated. We have previously revealed that repeated oral administration of @entity2523 elicits @entity5694 via changes in the gut microbiota of the ileum, and thereby induces systemic @entity32 and insulin resistance. However, it is not clear to what extent a single administration of @entity2523 could affect gut microbiota composition, gut barrier function, and subsequent influx of gut microbiota into the liver. Therefore, in the present study, C57BL/6 @entity19 were orally administered @entity40672 ) once and compared to sham-inoculated @entity19 . The phylogenetic structure and diversity of microbial communities in the gut and liver were analyzed by pyrosequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Serum endotoxin activity was determined by a Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Gene expression in the intestine and expression of 16S rRNA genes in the blood and liver were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Administration of @entity2523 significantly altered gut microbiota, with an increased proportion of phylum Bacteroidetes, a decreased proportion of phylum Firmicutes, and increased serum endotoxin levels. In the intestinal tissues, gene expression of tjp-1 and occludin, which are involved in intestinal permeability, were downregulated. Higher amounts of bacterial DNA were detected in the liver of infected @entity19 . Importantly, changes in gut microbiota preceded systemic inflammatory changes. These results further support the idea that disturbance of the gut microbiota composition by orally derived periodontopathic bacteria may be a causal mechanism linking @entity2521 and @entity262 .

title: Oral Administration of XXXX Induces Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Impaired Barrier Function Leading to Dissemination of Enterobacteria to the Liver.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases', 'systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity40672 :: ('242619', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis (strain W83']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['P. gingivalis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preservative-free @entity2995 (Triesence) for the treatment of @entity1103 . METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on @entity1 who attended a tertiary retinal clinic from June 2009 to July 2012 with @entity1103 due to various causes. @entity1 who received at least 1 intravitreal Triesence injection and completed 6 months of follow-up were recruited. Data, including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), intraocular pressure (IOP), and adverse events (AEs), were collected at baseline, week 1, month 1, month 3, and month 6 after initiation of treatment. Snellen visual acuity was converted to visual acuity score (VAS) for statistical analysis using paired t-tests and linear regression. RESULTS: One hundred two eyes from 102 @entity1 were included in the study. Mean VAS was significantly improved at all follow-up time points compared to baseline (P <=0.002), with highest mean gain at month 1 (6.1  8.9 letters). Mean @entity1020 decreased significantly at all follow-up points compared to baseline (P <=0.0005), with the greatest reduction at week 1 (146.6  109.4    m). A total of 22 AEs were observed, and IOP elevation was the most common AE related to Triesence treatment (17/22, 77.3%). No sterile or @entity3225 was observed. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal Triesence improves visual acuity and reduces macular thickness in eyes with @entity1103 from various causes. Treatment-associated IOP elevation was manageable with antiglaucoma medications. There were no serious vision-threatening complications associated with intravitreal Triesence therapy during the study period.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Preservative-Free XXXX (Triesence) for @entity1103 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['infectious endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['Triamcinolone Acetonide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preservative-free @entity2995 (Triesence) for the treatment of @entity1103 . METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on @entity1 who attended a tertiary retinal clinic from June 2009 to July 2012 with @entity1103 due to various causes. @entity1 who received at least 1 intravitreal Triesence injection and completed 6 months of follow-up were recruited. Data, including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), intraocular pressure (IOP), and adverse events (AEs), were collected at baseline, week 1, month 1, month 3, and month 6 after initiation of treatment. Snellen visual acuity was converted to visual acuity score (VAS) for statistical analysis using paired t-tests and linear regression. RESULTS: One hundred two eyes from 102 @entity1 were included in the study. Mean VAS was significantly improved at all follow-up time points compared to baseline (P <=0.002), with highest mean gain at month 1 (6.1  8.9 letters). Mean @entity1020 decreased significantly at all follow-up points compared to baseline (P <=0.0005), with the greatest reduction at week 1 (146.6  109.4    m). A total of 22 AEs were observed, and IOP elevation was the most common AE related to Triesence treatment (17/22, 77.3%). No sterile or @entity3225 was observed. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal Triesence improves visual acuity and reduces macular thickness in eyes with @entity1103 from various causes. Treatment-associated IOP elevation was manageable with antiglaucoma medications. There were no serious vision-threatening complications associated with intravitreal Triesence therapy during the study period.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Preservative-Free @entity2995 (Triesence) for XXXX .

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Macular Edema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of systemic @entity1356 inhibition using canakinumab (Ilaris) on retinal neovascularizations in @entity6 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity6 were enrolled in a prospective uncontrolled pilot study. Canakinumab (150 mg) was given 3 times subcutaneously. The primary end point was the change in the area of neovascularization from baseline to Week 24. Secondary end points were the change in @entity1829 measured and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), as well as systemic safety evaluation, HbA1c, and systemic inflammatory parameters. RESULTS: Systemic canakinumab treatment was well tolerated. None of the 8 eyes showed progression of neovascularizations within 24 weeks. Their mean size remained unchanged comparing 0.60 mm at baseline with 0.62 mm at Week 24 (P = 0.944). Median BCVA remained stable with 80 ETDRS letters at baseline and 82 ETDRS letters at Week 24. A not statistically significant @entity1829 was detectable for the foveal central subfield thickness (mean, 313-295  m). Mean @entity4051 c improved significantly from 7.92% to 7.30% within the 24 weeks (P = 0.046). Systemic inflammatory parameters remained overall unchanged. CONCLUSION: Systemic canakinumab showed no change in neovascularizations in @entity6 . Promising effects were seen on @entity1103 .

title: SYSTEMIC XXXX INHIBITION IN PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A Prospective Open-Label Study Using Canakinumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in retinal edema', 'retinal edema']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['INTERLEUKIN 1b']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies in @entity1 with @entity4623 , however, without missing significant @entity263 the present study re-evaluates the age-dependent PSA cut-offs in the Tyrol @entity263 ( @entity263 ) early detection program. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study population included 2225 @entity1 who underwent prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA levels at our department. We divided our @entity1 collective into four age groups:  <=49 years (n = 178), 50-59 years (n = 597), 60-69 years (n = 962) and >= 70 years (n = 488). We simulated different scenarios for PSA cut-off values between 1.25 and 6 ng/mL and fPSA% between 15 and 21% for all four age groups and calculated sensitivity, specificity, confidence intervals and predictive values. RESULTS: @entity263 was detected in 1218 @entity1 (54.7%). We found that in combination with free PSA  <=21% the following PSA cut-offs had the @entity5 specificity: 1.75 ng/ml for @entity1  <=49 years and 50-59 years, 2.25 ng/ml for @entity1 aged 60-69 years and 3.25 ng/ml for @entity1 >= 70 years. Using these adjusted PSA cut-off values all significant @entity5 are recognized in all age groups, yet the number of biopsies is reduced. Overall, one biopsy is avoided in 13 to 14 @entity1 (number needed to screen = 13.3, reduction of biopsies = 7.5%) when decision regarding biopsy is done according to the "new" cut-off values instead of the "old" ones. For the different age groups the number needed to screen to avoid one biopsy varied between 9.2 ( <=49 years) and 17.4 (50-59 years). CONCLUSION: With "new", fine-tuned PSA cut-offs we detect all relevant @entity263 with a significant reduction of biopsies compared to the "old" cut-off values. Optimization of age-specific PSA cut-offs is one step towards a smarter strategy in the Tyrol @entity263 Early Detection Program.

title: Age-Adjusted PSA Levels in XXXX Prediction: Updated Results of the Tyrol @entity263 Early Detection Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['best cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies in @entity1 with @entity4623 , however, without missing significant @entity263 the present study re-evaluates the age-dependent PSA cut-offs in the Tyrol @entity263 ( @entity263 ) early detection program. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study population included 2225 @entity1 who underwent prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA levels at our department. We divided our @entity1 collective into four age groups:  <=49 years (n = 178), 50-59 years (n = 597), 60-69 years (n = 962) and >= 70 years (n = 488). We simulated different scenarios for PSA cut-off values between 1.25 and 6 ng/mL and fPSA% between 15 and 21% for all four age groups and calculated sensitivity, specificity, confidence intervals and predictive values. RESULTS: @entity263 was detected in 1218 @entity1 (54.7%). We found that in combination with free PSA  <=21% the following PSA cut-offs had the @entity5 specificity: 1.75 ng/ml for @entity1  <=49 years and 50-59 years, 2.25 ng/ml for @entity1 aged 60-69 years and 3.25 ng/ml for @entity1 >= 70 years. Using these adjusted PSA cut-off values all significant @entity5 are recognized in all age groups, yet the number of biopsies is reduced. Overall, one biopsy is avoided in 13 to 14 @entity1 (number needed to screen = 13.3, reduction of biopsies = 7.5%) when decision regarding biopsy is done according to the "new" cut-off values instead of the "old" ones. For the different age groups the number needed to screen to avoid one biopsy varied between 9.2 ( <=49 years) and 17.4 (50-59 years). CONCLUSION: With "new", fine-tuned PSA cut-offs we detect all relevant @entity263 with a significant reduction of biopsies compared to the "old" cut-off values. Optimization of age-specific PSA cut-offs is one step towards a smarter strategy in the Tyrol @entity263 Early Detection Program.

title: Age-Adjusted PSA Levels in @entity263 Prediction: Updated Results of the Tyrol XXXX Early Detection Program.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of single-stranded RNAs which play a crucial role in regulating development and controlling gene expression by targeting mRNAs and triggering either translation repression or messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation. miRNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and to date over 14,000 miRNAs have been identified by computational and experimental approaches. Several miRNAs are highly conserved across species. In @entity380 , the full set of miRNAs and their expression patterns during development remain poorly understood. Here we report on the development and implementation of a homology-based detection strategy to search for miRNA genes in @entity380 . In addition, we report results on the experimental detection of miRNAs by means of cDNA cloning and sequencing of size-fractionated RNA samples. RESULTS: Homology search using the high-throughput pipeline was performed with all known miRNAs in miRBase. A total of 6,211 mature miRNAs were used as reference sequences and 110 unique @entity383 sequences were returned by BLASTn analysis. The existing mature miRNAs that produced these hits are reported, as well as the locations of the homologous sequences in the @entity383 genome. All BLAST hits aligned with at least 95% of the miRNA sequence, resulting in alignment lengths of 19-24 nt. Following several filtering steps, 15 potential miRNA candidates were identified using this approach. By sequencing small RNA cDNA libraries from adult worm pairs, we identified 211 novel miRNA candidates in the @entity383 genome. Northern blot analysis was used to detect the expression of the 30 most frequent sequenced miRNAs and to compare the expression level of these miRNAs between the lung stage schistosomula and adult worm stages. Expression of 11 novel miRNAs was confirmed by northern blot analysis and some presented a stage-regulated expression pattern. Three miRNAs previously identified from @entity2043 were also present in @entity383 . CONCLUSION: Evidence for the presence of miRNAs in @entity383 is presented. The number of miRNAs detected by homology-based computational methods in @entity383 is limited due to the lack of close relatives in the miRNA repository. In spite of this, the computational approach described here can likely be applied to the identification of pre-miRNA hairpins in other organisms. Construction and analysis of a small RNA library led to the experimental identification of 14 novel miRNAs from @entity383 through a combination of molecular cloning, DNA sequencing and expression studies. Our results significantly expand the set of known miRNAs in multicellular parasites and provide a basis for understanding the structural and functional evolution of miRNAs in these metazoan parasites.

title: Identification of XXXX microRNAs.

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosoma']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']