abstract: The relationships between age, systemic and renal hemodynamics, circulating @entity2661 ( @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 ) and intravascular volumes were studied in 38 normotensive subjects and in 77 @entity1 with borderline essential @entity101 . Borderline @entity101 @entity1 had a higher cardiac index (p less than 0.02) and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05) than normotensive subjects if they were younger than 30 years of age, whereas in older @entity1 no difference was observed. In contrast, total peripheral resistance was normal in young borderline @entity101 @entity1 , but significantly increased (p less than 0.02) in @entity1 older than age 40 years. Cardiac output (r = -0.28, p less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001) correlated inversely with age in the entire population and in both subgroups. Cardiac output also correlated closely with renal blood flow in all subjects (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001). Circulating @entity1063 levels increased with age (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05), whereas @entity1425 concentration tended to decrease. Plasma and total blood volume correlated directly with cardiac output (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001) and inversely with peripheral resistance (r = -0.34, p less than 0.001). These data indicate that the hyperdynamic circulation (high cardiac output and renal blood flow) of borderline @entity101 is found predominantly in @entity1 younger than age 30 years. Older @entity1 are characterized by an elevated total peripheral resistance and normal cardiac output. The age-dependent increase in circulating @entity1063 and decrease in @entity1425 levels may participate in the shift of the hemodynamic profile from high-cardiac-output @entity101 in the young to a high-arteriolar-resistance @entity101 in the older @entity1 .

title: Borderline @entity101 : relationship between age, hemodynamics and circulating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: The relationships between age, systemic and renal hemodynamics, circulating @entity2661 ( @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 ) and intravascular volumes were studied in 38 normotensive subjects and in 77 @entity1 with borderline essential @entity101 . Borderline @entity101 @entity1 had a higher cardiac index (p less than 0.02) and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05) than normotensive subjects if they were younger than 30 years of age, whereas in older @entity1 no difference was observed. In contrast, total peripheral resistance was normal in young borderline @entity101 @entity1 , but significantly increased (p less than 0.02) in @entity1 older than age 40 years. Cardiac output (r = -0.28, p less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001) correlated inversely with age in the entire population and in both subgroups. Cardiac output also correlated closely with renal blood flow in all subjects (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001). Circulating @entity1063 levels increased with age (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05), whereas @entity1425 concentration tended to decrease. Plasma and total blood volume correlated directly with cardiac output (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001) and inversely with peripheral resistance (r = -0.34, p less than 0.001). These data indicate that the hyperdynamic circulation (high cardiac output and renal blood flow) of borderline @entity101 is found predominantly in @entity1 younger than age 30 years. Older @entity1 are characterized by an elevated total peripheral resistance and normal cardiac output. The age-dependent increase in circulating @entity1063 and decrease in @entity1425 levels may participate in the shift of the hemodynamic profile from high-cardiac-output @entity101 in the young to a high-arteriolar-resistance @entity101 in the older @entity1 .

title: Borderline XXXX : relationship between age, hemodynamics and circulating @entity2661 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity5072 and serrated @entity1127 of the colon show variable degrees of gastric and intestinal differentiation. MUCs are a class of approximately 20 genes that encode high-molecular-weight glycoproteins, or mucopolysaccharides, that are widely expressed in epithelial cells and show organ specificity. The role of MUC in serrated @entity105 is unknown. One previously published study suggested that expression of @entity21826 is specific for sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 (SSA/Ps) and thus can be used to distinguish these lesions from @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ). However, data from our group suggest that MUC antibodies are not reliable in this differential diagnosis. The aims of this study were to systematically evaluate the expression of MUCs in serrated @entity1586 and to determine the efficacy of MUC expression in differentiating @entity1127 from SSA/Ps specifically. Routinely processed specimens from 182 serrated @entity1127 [58 @entity1127 , 46 SSA/Ps, 59 SSA/Ps with @entity1141 ( @entity2729 -D), 19 traditional serrated @entity652 , and 38 conventional tubular or tubulovillous @entity652 (CAs)] were immunohistochemically stained with @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 , and scored for extent, intensity, and location of staining within the @entity1127 . @entity1127 were further subclassified into goblet cell type (N=18), microvesicular type (N=21), and mucin-depleted type (N=19). The data were compared between the different polyp groups and between @entity1127 from different anatomic locations in the colon. @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 were expressed in 27%, 100%, 100%, and 72% of serrated @entity1127 overall. These antibodies were positive in 32%, 100%, 100%, and 43% of CAs. Expression levels of @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5089 were not significantly different between any of the polyp subgroups or between serrated @entity1127 and CAs. Both @entity2729 and @entity2729 -D showed a significantly higher percentage of @entity1127 that stained with @entity21826 , and a greater degree and intensity of staining for this peptide in comparison with @entity1127 . Overall, 91% of SSA/Ps and 84% of @entity2729 -Ds were positive for @entity21826 in comparison with 60% of @entity1127 (P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively). Although @entity1127 from both the left and right colon from each polyp group showed positivity for @entity21826 , a significantly higher proportion of @entity2729 -Ds and traditional serrated @entity652 from the right colon showed @entity21826 positivity compared with those from the left. No differences were noted in @entity21826 staining between each of the 3 HP subgroups. On the basis of these data, we conclude that @entity2729 and @entity2729 -D show increased expression of @entity21826 compared with @entity1127 ; however, because of overlap in the presence, degree, and intensity of staining, use of @entity21826 to differentiate @entity1127 from @entity2729 or @entity2729 -D in individual cases is not reliable because of a lack of specificity. Differences in @entity21826 expression between right-sided and left-sided @entity1586 supports the theory that there may be biological differences in the progression of @entity5 in different portions of the colon with regard to the serrated pathway of @entity105 .

title: MUC expression in XXXX and serrated @entity1586 : lack of specificity of @entity21826 .

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['HPs', 'polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps', 'colonic polyps']

answer: @entity5072 :: (MESH:D000796,Disease) :: ['hyperplastic']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity5072 and serrated @entity1127 of the colon show variable degrees of gastric and intestinal differentiation. MUCs are a class of approximately 20 genes that encode high-molecular-weight glycoproteins, or mucopolysaccharides, that are widely expressed in epithelial cells and show organ specificity. The role of MUC in serrated @entity105 is unknown. One previously published study suggested that expression of @entity21826 is specific for sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 (SSA/Ps) and thus can be used to distinguish these lesions from @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ). However, data from our group suggest that MUC antibodies are not reliable in this differential diagnosis. The aims of this study were to systematically evaluate the expression of MUCs in serrated @entity1586 and to determine the efficacy of MUC expression in differentiating @entity1127 from SSA/Ps specifically. Routinely processed specimens from 182 serrated @entity1127 [58 @entity1127 , 46 SSA/Ps, 59 SSA/Ps with @entity1141 ( @entity2729 -D), 19 traditional serrated @entity652 , and 38 conventional tubular or tubulovillous @entity652 (CAs)] were immunohistochemically stained with @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 , and scored for extent, intensity, and location of staining within the @entity1127 . @entity1127 were further subclassified into goblet cell type (N=18), microvesicular type (N=21), and mucin-depleted type (N=19). The data were compared between the different polyp groups and between @entity1127 from different anatomic locations in the colon. @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 were expressed in 27%, 100%, 100%, and 72% of serrated @entity1127 overall. These antibodies were positive in 32%, 100%, 100%, and 43% of CAs. Expression levels of @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5089 were not significantly different between any of the polyp subgroups or between serrated @entity1127 and CAs. Both @entity2729 and @entity2729 -D showed a significantly higher percentage of @entity1127 that stained with @entity21826 , and a greater degree and intensity of staining for this peptide in comparison with @entity1127 . Overall, 91% of SSA/Ps and 84% of @entity2729 -Ds were positive for @entity21826 in comparison with 60% of @entity1127 (P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively). Although @entity1127 from both the left and right colon from each polyp group showed positivity for @entity21826 , a significantly higher proportion of @entity2729 -Ds and traditional serrated @entity652 from the right colon showed @entity21826 positivity compared with those from the left. No differences were noted in @entity21826 staining between each of the 3 HP subgroups. On the basis of these data, we conclude that @entity2729 and @entity2729 -D show increased expression of @entity21826 compared with @entity1127 ; however, because of overlap in the presence, degree, and intensity of staining, use of @entity21826 to differentiate @entity1127 from @entity2729 or @entity2729 -D in individual cases is not reliable because of a lack of specificity. Differences in @entity21826 expression between right-sided and left-sided @entity1586 supports the theory that there may be biological differences in the progression of @entity5 in different portions of the colon with regard to the serrated pathway of @entity105 .

title: MUC expression in @entity5072 and serrated XXXX : lack of specificity of @entity21826 .

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity5072 and serrated @entity1127 of the colon show variable degrees of gastric and intestinal differentiation. MUCs are a class of approximately 20 genes that encode high-molecular-weight glycoproteins, or mucopolysaccharides, that are widely expressed in epithelial cells and show organ specificity. The role of MUC in serrated @entity105 is unknown. One previously published study suggested that expression of @entity21826 is specific for sessile serrated @entity652 / @entity1127 (SSA/Ps) and thus can be used to distinguish these lesions from @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ). However, data from our group suggest that MUC antibodies are not reliable in this differential diagnosis. The aims of this study were to systematically evaluate the expression of MUCs in serrated @entity1586 and to determine the efficacy of MUC expression in differentiating @entity1127 from SSA/Ps specifically. Routinely processed specimens from 182 serrated @entity1127 [58 @entity1127 , 46 SSA/Ps, 59 SSA/Ps with @entity1141 ( @entity2729 -D), 19 traditional serrated @entity652 , and 38 conventional tubular or tubulovillous @entity652 (CAs)] were immunohistochemically stained with @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 , and scored for extent, intensity, and location of staining within the @entity1127 . @entity1127 were further subclassified into goblet cell type (N=18), microvesicular type (N=21), and mucin-depleted type (N=19). The data were compared between the different polyp groups and between @entity1127 from different anatomic locations in the colon. @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 were expressed in 27%, 100%, 100%, and 72% of serrated @entity1127 overall. These antibodies were positive in 32%, 100%, 100%, and 43% of CAs. Expression levels of @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5089 were not significantly different between any of the polyp subgroups or between serrated @entity1127 and CAs. Both @entity2729 and @entity2729 -D showed a significantly higher percentage of @entity1127 that stained with @entity21826 , and a greater degree and intensity of staining for this peptide in comparison with @entity1127 . Overall, 91% of SSA/Ps and 84% of @entity2729 -Ds were positive for @entity21826 in comparison with 60% of @entity1127 (P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively). Although @entity1127 from both the left and right colon from each polyp group showed positivity for @entity21826 , a significantly higher proportion of @entity2729 -Ds and traditional serrated @entity652 from the right colon showed @entity21826 positivity compared with those from the left. No differences were noted in @entity21826 staining between each of the 3 HP subgroups. On the basis of these data, we conclude that @entity2729 and @entity2729 -D show increased expression of @entity21826 compared with @entity1127 ; however, because of overlap in the presence, degree, and intensity of staining, use of @entity21826 to differentiate @entity1127 from @entity2729 or @entity2729 -D in individual cases is not reliable because of a lack of specificity. Differences in @entity21826 expression between right-sided and left-sided @entity1586 supports the theory that there may be biological differences in the progression of @entity5 in different portions of the colon with regard to the serrated pathway of @entity105 .

title: MUC expression in @entity5072 and serrated @entity1586 : lack of specificity of XXXX .

answer: @entity21826 :: (4588,Gene) :: ['MUC6']


abstract: @entity177 significanlty worsens the prognosis of many @entity3124 , particularly in @entity1 with @entity1576 . In 52 @entity1 , a continuous infusion of @entity935 , 1.5-2.5 micrograms/kg . min, was administered when @entity908 clearance (Ccr) fell below 40 ml/min and urinary output was less than 1 ml/kg . h despite normal intravascular volume. In 18 @entity1 , a continuous infusion of @entity1483 (3-5 mg/kg . day) was also administered. Daily, two 3-h collections of urine and blood specimens were obtained to determine Ccr, osmolar clearance (Cosm), free water clearance ( @entity17258 ) and excreted fraction of filtered @entity1372 (FENa); one collection was made during @entity935 infusion and one while the infusion was suspended. Cardiac output and pulmonary venous admixture were also measured. The authors obtained 199 urine collections in 52 @entity1 ; considering the aggregate @entity1 pouplation, urinary output increased by 42.3% (30.2 +/- 3.45 (SEM) ml/h), on @entity935 infusion. Cosm, FENa, and Ccr were also higher on @entity935 . @entity17258 and hemodynamic variables were not altered by @entity935 infusion. When @entity1 were startified on the basis of mechanical ventilatory support, Ccr and @entity1483 administration, @entity935 infusion essentially caused the same changes in the variables studied as described for the aggregate @entity1 population. Diuresis and @entity1372 excretion increased significantly on @entity935 even in those @entity1 receiving @entity1483 infusion. The authors conclude that fluid and osmolar load can be eliminated more effectively in @entity3124 @entity1 with continuous infusion of 1.5-2.5 micrograms/kg . min of @entity935 .

title: XXXX administration in oliguria and @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill', 'critical illnesses']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Oliguric renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: @entity177 significanlty worsens the prognosis of many @entity3124 , particularly in @entity1 with @entity1576 . In 52 @entity1 , a continuous infusion of @entity935 , 1.5-2.5 micrograms/kg . min, was administered when @entity908 clearance (Ccr) fell below 40 ml/min and urinary output was less than 1 ml/kg . h despite normal intravascular volume. In 18 @entity1 , a continuous infusion of @entity1483 (3-5 mg/kg . day) was also administered. Daily, two 3-h collections of urine and blood specimens were obtained to determine Ccr, osmolar clearance (Cosm), free water clearance ( @entity17258 ) and excreted fraction of filtered @entity1372 (FENa); one collection was made during @entity935 infusion and one while the infusion was suspended. Cardiac output and pulmonary venous admixture were also measured. The authors obtained 199 urine collections in 52 @entity1 ; considering the aggregate @entity1 pouplation, urinary output increased by 42.3% (30.2 +/- 3.45 (SEM) ml/h), on @entity935 infusion. Cosm, FENa, and Ccr were also higher on @entity935 . @entity17258 and hemodynamic variables were not altered by @entity935 infusion. When @entity1 were startified on the basis of mechanical ventilatory support, Ccr and @entity1483 administration, @entity935 infusion essentially caused the same changes in the variables studied as described for the aggregate @entity1 population. Diuresis and @entity1372 excretion increased significantly on @entity935 even in those @entity1 receiving @entity1483 infusion. The authors conclude that fluid and osmolar load can be eliminated more effectively in @entity3124 @entity1 with continuous infusion of 1.5-2.5 micrograms/kg . min of @entity935 .

title: @entity935 administration in oliguria and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['oliguric renal failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ionizing radiation affects the proteome of irradiated cells and tissue, yet data concerning changes induced during @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 blood are fragmentary and inconclusive. We aimed to identify features of serum proteome and associated processes involved in response to partial body irradiation during @entity5 treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and 20 @entity1 with @entity263 received definitive intensity modulated @entity1161 . Blood samples were collected before @entity1161 , just after @entity1161 , and 1  month after the end of @entity1161 . Complete serum proteome was analyzed in individual samples, using a shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach which allowed identification of approximately 450 proteins. Approximately 100 unique proteins were quantified in all samples after exclusion of immunoglobulins, and statistical significance of differences among consecutive samples was assessed. Processes associated with quantified proteins and their functional interactions were predicted using gene ontology tools. RESULTS: @entity1161 -induced changes were marked in the @entity135 @entity1 group: 22 upregulated and 33 downregulated proteins were detected in post- @entity1161 sera. Most of the changes reversed during follow-up, yet levels of some proteins remained affected 1  month after the end of @entity1161 . @entity1161 -upregulated proteins were associated with acute phase, inflammatory response, and complement activation. @entity1161 -downregulated proteins were associated with transport and metabolism of lipids (plasma apolipoproteins) and @entity1003 . @entity1161 -induced changes were much weaker in @entity263 @entity1 , which corresponded to differences in acute radiation @entity137 observed in both groups. Nevertheless, general patterns of @entity1161 -induced sera proteome changes were similar in both of the groups of @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, we proposed to identify a molecular signature of radiation response, based on specific features of serum proteome. The signature included upregulation of factors involved in acute or inflammatory response but also downregulation of plasma apolipoproteins and factors involved in @entity1003 .

title: Serum Proteome Signature of Radiation Response: Upregulation of Inflammation-Related Factors and Downregulation of Apolipoproteins and Coagulation Factors in XXXX @entity1 Treated With Radiation Therapy-A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell cancer', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ionizing radiation affects the proteome of irradiated cells and tissue, yet data concerning changes induced during @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 blood are fragmentary and inconclusive. We aimed to identify features of serum proteome and associated processes involved in response to partial body irradiation during @entity5 treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and 20 @entity1 with @entity263 received definitive intensity modulated @entity1161 . Blood samples were collected before @entity1161 , just after @entity1161 , and 1  month after the end of @entity1161 . Complete serum proteome was analyzed in individual samples, using a shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach which allowed identification of approximately 450 proteins. Approximately 100 unique proteins were quantified in all samples after exclusion of immunoglobulins, and statistical significance of differences among consecutive samples was assessed. Processes associated with quantified proteins and their functional interactions were predicted using gene ontology tools. RESULTS: @entity1161 -induced changes were marked in the @entity135 @entity1 group: 22 upregulated and 33 downregulated proteins were detected in post- @entity1161 sera. Most of the changes reversed during follow-up, yet levels of some proteins remained affected 1  month after the end of @entity1161 . @entity1161 -upregulated proteins were associated with acute phase, inflammatory response, and complement activation. @entity1161 -downregulated proteins were associated with transport and metabolism of lipids (plasma apolipoproteins) and @entity1003 . @entity1161 -induced changes were much weaker in @entity263 @entity1 , which corresponded to differences in acute radiation @entity137 observed in both groups. Nevertheless, general patterns of @entity1161 -induced sera proteome changes were similar in both of the groups of @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, we proposed to identify a molecular signature of radiation response, based on specific features of serum proteome. The signature included upregulation of factors involved in acute or inflammatory response but also downregulation of plasma apolipoproteins and factors involved in @entity1003 .

title: Serum Proteome Signature of Radiation Response: Upregulation of Inflammation-Related Factors and Downregulation of Apolipoproteins and Coagulation Factors in @entity5 XXXX Treated With Radiation Therapy-A Pilot Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We report a 1.7 kg male @entity1 with a @entity600 treated at an outside facility and referred to us on postoperative day 11. At presentation, his upper abdomen was distended, and he had perianal mucoid discharge. The tongue had a blackish discoloration. An erect abdominal radiograph showed a few fluid-filled bowel loops in the upper abdomen with a gasless lower abdomen and pelvis, suggestive of @entity1744 . There were no specific radiological features of @entity3166 . He underwent laparotomy and bowel resection for perforated jejunum. Histopathology of the tissue specimen was suggestive of @entity2583 . Postoperatively, he received intravenous @entity2379 (liposomal) and was started on liquid enteral nutrition after 2 weeks. However, the anterior two thirds of his tongue gradually sloughed off. He is awaiting reconstruction of the tongue. The purpose of this report is to emphasize that physicians should have a high index of suspicion for oral and gastrointestinal tract @entity2583 in neonates with metabolic disturbances who present with a discolored oral mucosa and an abdominal mass with @entity1321 . Early diagnosis and an aggressive approach of combined medical and surgical treatment may improve the outcome of @entity1 with this potentially lethal invasive disease.

title: Neonatal lingual and gastrointestinal mucormycosis in a case of XXXX -a rare presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['low anorectal malformation']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['upper small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['low anorectal malformation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to compare microRNA (miR) expression between individuals with and without insulin resistance and to determine whether miRs predict response to @entity12585 treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a sample of 93 healthy adults, insulin resistance was defined as steady state plasma @entity413 (SSPG)>= 180mg/dL and insulin sensitive as <120mg/dL. Response to @entity12585 therapy was defined as >= 10% decrease in SSPG. We selected a panel of microRNAs based on prior evidence for a role in insulin or @entity413 metabolism. Fold change and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were calculated for the 25 miRs measured. RESULTS: At baseline, 81% (n=75) of @entity1 were insulin resistant. Five miRs were differentially expressed between the insulin resistant and sensitive groups: @entity35212 (1.45 fold change (FC)), @entity10019 (1.15 FC), @entity28756 (1.36 FC), @entity26261 (0.59 FC), and @entity22077 (1.21 FC) (all p<0.05). In the subset who were insulin resistant at baseline and received @entity12721 (n=47), 77% (n=36) showed improved insulin sensitivity. Six miRs were differentially expressed between responders compared to non-responders: miR-20b-5p (1.20 FC), @entity29087 , (0.92 FC), miR-214-3p (1.13 FC), @entity10019 (1.14 FC), @entity28756 (0.98 FC), and @entity22077 -5p (1.25 FC) (all p<0.05). DISCUSSION: This study is the first to report miRs associated with response to a pharmacologic intervention for insulin resistance. @entity28756 and @entity22077 -5p identified responders to @entity12585 therapy among the insulin resistant group.

title: Circulating XXXX and microRNA-486 predict @entity12585 response: Moving towards precision health for diabetes prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28756 :: (407037,Gene) :: ['microRNA-320a']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to compare microRNA (miR) expression between individuals with and without insulin resistance and to determine whether miRs predict response to @entity12585 treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a sample of 93 healthy adults, insulin resistance was defined as steady state plasma @entity413 (SSPG)>= 180mg/dL and insulin sensitive as <120mg/dL. Response to @entity12585 therapy was defined as >= 10% decrease in SSPG. We selected a panel of microRNAs based on prior evidence for a role in insulin or @entity413 metabolism. Fold change and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were calculated for the 25 miRs measured. RESULTS: At baseline, 81% (n=75) of @entity1 were insulin resistant. Five miRs were differentially expressed between the insulin resistant and sensitive groups: @entity35212 (1.45 fold change (FC)), @entity10019 (1.15 FC), @entity28756 (1.36 FC), @entity26261 (0.59 FC), and @entity22077 (1.21 FC) (all p<0.05). In the subset who were insulin resistant at baseline and received @entity12721 (n=47), 77% (n=36) showed improved insulin sensitivity. Six miRs were differentially expressed between responders compared to non-responders: miR-20b-5p (1.20 FC), @entity29087 , (0.92 FC), miR-214-3p (1.13 FC), @entity10019 (1.14 FC), @entity28756 (0.98 FC), and @entity22077 -5p (1.25 FC) (all p<0.05). DISCUSSION: This study is the first to report miRs associated with response to a pharmacologic intervention for insulin resistance. @entity28756 and @entity22077 -5p identified responders to @entity12585 therapy among the insulin resistant group.

title: Circulating @entity28756 and microRNA-486 predict XXXX response: Moving towards precision health for diabetes prevention.

answer: @entity12585 :: (MESH:C089946,Chemical) :: ['thiazolidinedione']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare two cervical @entity5 screening methods: community-based self-collection of high-risk @entity1082 (HR-HPV) testing and visual inspection with @entity1543 (VIA). METHODS: Pilot randomised controlled trial of 500 @entity1 aged 30-65 in the community of Kisenyi, Uganda. @entity1 randomised to self-collection-based HR-HPV testing provided a cervico-vaginal swab for HR-HPV, and results were provided by phone after laboratory testing. @entity1 who tested HPV positive were referred for VIA at the local health unit. @entity1 randomised to VIA underwent screening at the local health unit, where @entity1 who tested positive with VIA were provided cryotherapy at time of screening, as per local standard of care. @entity1 were referred for colposcopy when indicated. Outcome measures were uptake of screening, HR-HPV prevalence, VIA result and treatment rates. RESULTS: In the HR-HPV arm, 248 of 250 (p  <  0.01) @entity1 provided samples, while in the VIA arm, 121 of 250 (48.4%) @entity1 attended screening. Among the 73 of 248 HR-HPV-positive @entity1 , 45.2% (N  =  33) attended VIA screening for follow-up, 21.2% (N  =  7) of whom screened positive; five received treatment and two were missing clinical follow-up records. Of the 121 @entity1 in the VIA arm who attended screening, 13.2% (N  =  16) screened positive; seven received cryotherapy, three refused treatment, five were referred to colposcopy; and one @entity1 had suspected cervical @entity5 and received treatment after confirmatory testing. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated trial feasibility and willingness of the @entity1 to participate and be randomised successfully into the two arms. Self-collection-based cervical @entity5 screening had a higher uptake than VIA.

title: Uptake of community-based, self-collected HPV testing vs. visual inspection with XXXX for cervical @entity5 screening in Kampala, Uganda: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare two cervical @entity5 screening methods: community-based self-collection of high-risk @entity1082 (HR-HPV) testing and visual inspection with @entity1543 (VIA). METHODS: Pilot randomised controlled trial of 500 @entity1 aged 30-65 in the community of Kisenyi, Uganda. @entity1 randomised to self-collection-based HR-HPV testing provided a cervico-vaginal swab for HR-HPV, and results were provided by phone after laboratory testing. @entity1 who tested HPV positive were referred for VIA at the local health unit. @entity1 randomised to VIA underwent screening at the local health unit, where @entity1 who tested positive with VIA were provided cryotherapy at time of screening, as per local standard of care. @entity1 were referred for colposcopy when indicated. Outcome measures were uptake of screening, HR-HPV prevalence, VIA result and treatment rates. RESULTS: In the HR-HPV arm, 248 of 250 (p  <  0.01) @entity1 provided samples, while in the VIA arm, 121 of 250 (48.4%) @entity1 attended screening. Among the 73 of 248 HR-HPV-positive @entity1 , 45.2% (N  =  33) attended VIA screening for follow-up, 21.2% (N  =  7) of whom screened positive; five received treatment and two were missing clinical follow-up records. Of the 121 @entity1 in the VIA arm who attended screening, 13.2% (N  =  16) screened positive; seven received cryotherapy, three refused treatment, five were referred to colposcopy; and one @entity1 had suspected cervical @entity5 and received treatment after confirmatory testing. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated trial feasibility and willingness of the @entity1 to participate and be randomised successfully into the two arms. Self-collection-based cervical @entity5 screening had a higher uptake than VIA.

title: Uptake of community-based, self-collected HPV testing vs. visual inspection with @entity1543 for cervical XXXX screening in Kampala, Uganda: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe the presentation, endovascular management and functional outcomes of 15 @entity1 with renal arterial @entity2849 following open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional review board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database revealed that 7 of 1,160 @entity1 who underwent open partial nephrectomy and 8 of 301 treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy were diagnosed with a @entity2849 of a renal artery branch between 2003 and 2010. Some cases were associated with @entity2548 . RESULTS: Diagnosis of @entity2849 was made a median of 14 days after surgery. Gross @entity811 was the most frequent symptom. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements at the preoperative evaluation, postoperatively, on the day the vascular lesion was diagnosed, after embolization and at the last followup were 62, 55, 55, 56 and 58 ml/minute/1.73 m(2), respectively. Median followup was 7.8 months. All @entity1 underwent angiography and superselective coil embolization of 1 or more @entity2849 with or without @entity2548 . Eleven @entity1 had immediate cessation of symptoms while 4 had persistent gross @entity811 after the procedure. Of these 4 @entity1 2 were treated with bedside care, 1 required repeat embolization with @entity556 , which was successful, and the remaining @entity1 had @entity1003 and underwent radical nephrectomy for persistent @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2849 and @entity8 are rare complications of partial nephrectomy. Presentation is often delayed. Superselective coil embolization is a safe, minimally invasive treatment option that usually solves the clinical problem and preserves renal function.

title: Selective arterial embolization for @entity2849 and XXXX following partial nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas of the renal artery']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'Pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula of renal artery branches']


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe the presentation, endovascular management and functional outcomes of 15 @entity1 with renal arterial @entity2849 following open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional review board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database revealed that 7 of 1,160 @entity1 who underwent open partial nephrectomy and 8 of 301 treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy were diagnosed with a @entity2849 of a renal artery branch between 2003 and 2010. Some cases were associated with @entity2548 . RESULTS: Diagnosis of @entity2849 was made a median of 14 days after surgery. Gross @entity811 was the most frequent symptom. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements at the preoperative evaluation, postoperatively, on the day the vascular lesion was diagnosed, after embolization and at the last followup were 62, 55, 55, 56 and 58 ml/minute/1.73 m(2), respectively. Median followup was 7.8 months. All @entity1 underwent angiography and superselective coil embolization of 1 or more @entity2849 with or without @entity2548 . Eleven @entity1 had immediate cessation of symptoms while 4 had persistent gross @entity811 after the procedure. Of these 4 @entity1 2 were treated with bedside care, 1 required repeat embolization with @entity556 , which was successful, and the remaining @entity1 had @entity1003 and underwent radical nephrectomy for persistent @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2849 and @entity8 are rare complications of partial nephrectomy. Presentation is often delayed. Superselective coil embolization is a safe, minimally invasive treatment option that usually solves the clinical problem and preserves renal function.

title: Selective arterial embolization for XXXX and @entity8 following partial nephrectomy.

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 2010 the American Joint Committee on Cancer updated the @entity1358 @entity2802 classification. Without independent validation of the new classification its predictive ability for @entity5 specific survival and generalizability remains unknown. In this setting we determined the predictive ability of the 2010 @entity2802 classification compared to that of the 2002 classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the nephrectomy registry at our institution we retrospectively reviewed the records of 3,996 @entity1 with unilateral or bilateral @entity1358 treated with radical nephrectomy or nephron sparing surgery between 1970 and 2006. Cancer specific survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and predictive ability was evaluated using the concordance index. RESULTS: There were 1,165 deaths (29.1%) from @entity1358 a median of 1.9 years after surgery compared to a median followup of 7.4 years for survivors. The estimated 10-year @entity5 specific survival rate was 96%, 80%, 66%, 55%, 36%, 26%, 25% and 12% for @entity1 with 2010 @entity5 classifications of pT1a, pT1b, pT2a, pT2b, pT3a, pT3b, pT3c and pT4, respectively (p <0.001). The multivariate concordance index for the 2002 and 2010 @entity2802 classifications was 0.848 and 0.850, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The new 2010 classification remains a robust predictor of @entity5 specific survival compared to the 2002 classification by dividing pT2 lesions into pT2a and pT2b, reclassifying ipsilateral adrenal involvement as pT4, reclassifying renal vein involvement as pT3a and simplifying nodal involvement as pN0 vs @entity3121 . However, the 2010 @entity2802 classification showed only modest improvement in predictive ability compared to the 2002 classification.

title: Independent validation of the 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer @entity2802 classification for XXXX : results from a large, single institution cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 2010 the American Joint Committee on Cancer updated the @entity1358 @entity2802 classification. Without independent validation of the new classification its predictive ability for @entity5 specific survival and generalizability remains unknown. In this setting we determined the predictive ability of the 2010 @entity2802 classification compared to that of the 2002 classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the nephrectomy registry at our institution we retrospectively reviewed the records of 3,996 @entity1 with unilateral or bilateral @entity1358 treated with radical nephrectomy or nephron sparing surgery between 1970 and 2006. Cancer specific survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and predictive ability was evaluated using the concordance index. RESULTS: There were 1,165 deaths (29.1%) from @entity1358 a median of 1.9 years after surgery compared to a median followup of 7.4 years for survivors. The estimated 10-year @entity5 specific survival rate was 96%, 80%, 66%, 55%, 36%, 26%, 25% and 12% for @entity1 with 2010 @entity5 classifications of pT1a, pT1b, pT2a, pT2b, pT3a, pT3b, pT3c and pT4, respectively (p <0.001). The multivariate concordance index for the 2002 and 2010 @entity2802 classifications was 0.848 and 0.850, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The new 2010 classification remains a robust predictor of @entity5 specific survival compared to the 2002 classification by dividing pT2 lesions into pT2a and pT2b, reclassifying ipsilateral adrenal involvement as pT4, reclassifying renal vein involvement as pT3a and simplifying nodal involvement as pN0 vs @entity3121 . However, the 2010 @entity2802 classification showed only modest improvement in predictive ability compared to the 2002 classification.

title: Independent validation of the 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer XXXX classification for @entity1358 : results from a large, single institution cohort.

answer: @entity2802 :: (10178,Gene) :: ['TNM']


abstract: PURPOSE: The MHCC97 cell line contains two clones with high (MHCC97-H) and low (MHCC97-L) metastatic potentials, for which the pulmonary metastatic rate was 100% vs 40% between the two @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) clones. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of organ-specific @entity3 , we studied the effect of lung extracts from C57BL/6 @entity19 on migration and invasion using the MHCC97 cell line. METHODS: Determination of migration and invasion induced by lung extracts to MHCC97 cell lines was examined by chemoinvasion assay. The organization of cytoskeleton was tested using filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization assay and flow cytometry. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) was analyzed by zymogram. Fluorescence double staining was employed for MMPs and F-actin colocalization in MHCC97-H cells induced by lung extracts. RESULTS: The number of cells in response to extracts of lung, liver, kidney, and spleen in MHCC97-H cells was 64+/-10, 6+/-2, 22+/-4, and 3+/-1, respectively. Of the extracts, lung extracts showed significant differences to promote the migratory and invasive ability for MHCC97-H cells( p<0.001). The number of cells in response to lung extracts was threefold higher in MHCC97-H than that of cells in MHCC97-L ( p<0.001). Confocal laser scan microscope of MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells stimulated with lung extracts revealed pseudopodia formation around the cell front at the indicated time point. With the time increasing, the pseudopodia formation became increasingly more obvious and distinct. Compared with unstimulated cells, analysis of FACS showed a transient 1.9-fold and 1.7-fold increase in F-actin within 30 s in MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells, respectively. Confocal laser scan microscopy of MHCC97-H cells stimulated in suspension with lung extracts revealed intense F-actin staining in the periphery of the cells and redistribution of F-actin towards a leading edge. After the cells were incubated with lung extracts, not only expressions of active and latent form of @entity1495 were upregulated, but that of latent form of @entity1476 was increased in the MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells. The levels of latent and active form of @entity1495 (18.8+/-1.2, 100.1+/-1.1), and latent form of @entity1476 (22.4+/-1.3) were much higher in MHCC97-H cells than those of MHCC97-L cells, which were 7.8+/-0.3, 40.8+/-2.2, and 8.2+/-0.4, respectively. @entity1495 was mainly localized perinuclear pool when the MHCC97-H cells were incubated with serum-free medium. After the cells were stimulated with lung extracts, @entity1495 were expressed and colocalized with F-actin at the front of extending pseudopodia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase and the pseudopodia formation in MHCC97-H cells may correlate to the metastatic potential; thus, the host environment may contribute to the preferential @entity3 of @entity157 cells to the lung depending on the high level of @entity1495 and migratory ability.

title: Contributions of lung tissue extracts to invasion and migration of @entity1 XXXX cells with various metastatic potentials.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The MHCC97 cell line contains two clones with high (MHCC97-H) and low (MHCC97-L) metastatic potentials, for which the pulmonary metastatic rate was 100% vs 40% between the two @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) clones. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of organ-specific @entity3 , we studied the effect of lung extracts from C57BL/6 @entity19 on migration and invasion using the MHCC97 cell line. METHODS: Determination of migration and invasion induced by lung extracts to MHCC97 cell lines was examined by chemoinvasion assay. The organization of cytoskeleton was tested using filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization assay and flow cytometry. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) was analyzed by zymogram. Fluorescence double staining was employed for MMPs and F-actin colocalization in MHCC97-H cells induced by lung extracts. RESULTS: The number of cells in response to extracts of lung, liver, kidney, and spleen in MHCC97-H cells was 64+/-10, 6+/-2, 22+/-4, and 3+/-1, respectively. Of the extracts, lung extracts showed significant differences to promote the migratory and invasive ability for MHCC97-H cells( p<0.001). The number of cells in response to lung extracts was threefold higher in MHCC97-H than that of cells in MHCC97-L ( p<0.001). Confocal laser scan microscope of MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells stimulated with lung extracts revealed pseudopodia formation around the cell front at the indicated time point. With the time increasing, the pseudopodia formation became increasingly more obvious and distinct. Compared with unstimulated cells, analysis of FACS showed a transient 1.9-fold and 1.7-fold increase in F-actin within 30 s in MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells, respectively. Confocal laser scan microscopy of MHCC97-H cells stimulated in suspension with lung extracts revealed intense F-actin staining in the periphery of the cells and redistribution of F-actin towards a leading edge. After the cells were incubated with lung extracts, not only expressions of active and latent form of @entity1495 were upregulated, but that of latent form of @entity1476 was increased in the MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells. The levels of latent and active form of @entity1495 (18.8+/-1.2, 100.1+/-1.1), and latent form of @entity1476 (22.4+/-1.3) were much higher in MHCC97-H cells than those of MHCC97-L cells, which were 7.8+/-0.3, 40.8+/-2.2, and 8.2+/-0.4, respectively. @entity1495 was mainly localized perinuclear pool when the MHCC97-H cells were incubated with serum-free medium. After the cells were stimulated with lung extracts, @entity1495 were expressed and colocalized with F-actin at the front of extending pseudopodia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase and the pseudopodia formation in MHCC97-H cells may correlate to the metastatic potential; thus, the host environment may contribute to the preferential @entity3 of @entity157 cells to the lung depending on the high level of @entity1495 and migratory ability.

title: Contributions of lung tissue extracts to invasion and migration of XXXX @entity157 cells with various metastatic potentials.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: During adult @entity1167 , rescuers frequently provide ventilations at rates exceeding those recommended by the @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Excessive ventilation is associated with worse clinical outcome after adult @entity1167 . This study is the first to characterize ventilation rate adherence to @entity299 guidelines during in-hospital pediatric @entity1167 resuscitation. @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled @entity1 and adolescents (>= 8 years of age) who suffered a @entity1167 in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or emergency department (ED) of a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. Ventilation rate (breaths per minute [bpm]) was monitored via changes in chest wall impedance (CWI) recorded by defibrillator electrode pads during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). RESULTS: Twenty-four CPR events were enrolled yielding 588 thirty-second CPR epochs. The proportion of CPR epochs with ventilation rates exceeding @entity299 guidelines (>10 bpm) was 63% (CI(95) 59-67%), significantly higher than our a priori hypothesis of 30% (p<0.01). The proportion of CPR epochs with ventilation rates exceeding 20 bpm was 20% (CI(95) 17-23). After controlling for location of arrest and initial event rhythm, resuscitations that occurred on nights/weekends were 3.6 times (CI(95): 1.6-7.9, p<0.01) more likely to have a ventilation rate exceeding @entity299 guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: During in-hospital pediatric @entity1167 , rescuers frequently provide artificial ventilations at rates in excess of @entity299 guidelines, with twenty percent of CPR time having ventilation rates double that recommended. Excessive ventilation was particularly common during CPR events that occurred on nights/weekends.

title: The first quantitative report of ventilation rate during in-hospital resuscitation of older XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Reconstructive microsurgical procedures are getting more common in @entity5 @entity1 . Adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapy, are usually combined with surgical approaches to improve outcomes. This study was designed to investigate the effects of preoperative chemotherapy on healing in microvascular @entity254 . As a commonly preferred drug for neoadjuvant @entity5 treatment, @entity5713 was used on @entity35 in our study. Ninety-three @entity35 were used and randomly allocated into two groups as 72 experimental and 21 control @entity35 . @entity5713 2 mg/kg was administered as a single dose intraperitoneally on day 0 in the experimental group. Leukocytes and erythrocytes were counted on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 in 6 @entity35 of the experimental and 6 @entity35 of the control group. We found that the @entity1398 period ended on approximately day 7. After applying the medication, the experimental group (n = 72) was divided into three main groups (n = 24). We performed end-to-end femoral artery @entity254 on days 7 or 14 or 21, respectively, in each group. Each main group was divided into three subgroups (n = 8), and then we tested patency and took biopsies on days 7 or 14 or 21, respectively, in each subgroup. Histopathologic evaluation was carried out. The comparison of patency tests and pathologic examination indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

title: Effects of @entity5713 on healing in microvascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine', 'Vinblastine']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Reconstructive microsurgical procedures are getting more common in @entity5 @entity1 . Adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapy, are usually combined with surgical approaches to improve outcomes. This study was designed to investigate the effects of preoperative chemotherapy on healing in microvascular @entity254 . As a commonly preferred drug for neoadjuvant @entity5 treatment, @entity5713 was used on @entity35 in our study. Ninety-three @entity35 were used and randomly allocated into two groups as 72 experimental and 21 control @entity35 . @entity5713 2 mg/kg was administered as a single dose intraperitoneally on day 0 in the experimental group. Leukocytes and erythrocytes were counted on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 in 6 @entity35 of the experimental and 6 @entity35 of the control group. We found that the @entity1398 period ended on approximately day 7. After applying the medication, the experimental group (n = 72) was divided into three main groups (n = 24). We performed end-to-end femoral artery @entity254 on days 7 or 14 or 21, respectively, in each group. Each main group was divided into three subgroups (n = 8), and then we tested patency and took biopsies on days 7 or 14 or 21, respectively, in each subgroup. Histopathologic evaluation was carried out. The comparison of patency tests and pathologic examination indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

title: Effects of XXXX on healing in microvascular @entity254 .

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) binds to its receptor, @entity10431 , on the surface of @entity5 cells, leading to the formation of plasmin. @entity980 ( @entity980 ) cell lines secrete high levels of @entity5100 ), suggesting autocrine IGFs play a major role in the unregulated growth and @entity3 of @entity980 . In vitro, @entity5100 and @entity442 increased @entity4222 of RD cells to 124+/-9% (P<0.01) and 131+/-8% (P<0.05) of control, respectively. @entity5100 -induced @entity4222 was abolished by @entity19518 ( @entity19518 ) (P<0.01), a relatively specific inhibitor of @entity5100 , and by @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) (P<0.05). Aprotinin, a plasmin inhibitor, and @entity31158 , which inhibits the synthesis of @entity4495 (GPI), thereby preventing anchorage of GPI-linked proteins such as @entity10431 to the cell membrane, also decreased @entity5100 - (P<0.05 for both) but not @entity442 -induced @entity4222 . [ @entity534 54, @entity534 55] @entity5100 and [Leu27] @entity5100 , which preferentially bind to the @entity442 and @entity5100 / @entity7788 receptors ( @entity5100 / @entity54181 ), respectively, both induced RD cell @entity4222 to 146+/-8% (P<0.01) and 120+/-7% (P<0.05) of control, respectively. An anti- @entity10431 anti-serum reduced @entity5100 - and @entity442 -induced @entity4222 (P<0.05 for both). An anti-low density @entity8993 ( @entity8993 ) anti-serum reduced @entity442 -induced @entity4222 (P<0.05). @entity12067 both increased specific 125I-single chain @entity2290 (scuPA) binding to RD cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). These results suggest involvement of the PA/plasmin system in IGF-induced @entity4222 and indicate important roles these systems may have in @entity980 @entity3 .

title: Urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor is involved in insulin-like growth factor-induced @entity4222 of XXXX cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity19518 :: ('3489', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-6', 'insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity8993 :: ('4035', 'Gene') :: ['lipoprotein-related protein', 'LRP']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-II', 'insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II']

entities_list: @entity7788 :: ('MESH:C027693', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity31158 :: ('MESH:C008322', 'Chemical') :: ['mannosamine']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['uPA', 'Urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) binds to its receptor, @entity10431 , on the surface of @entity5 cells, leading to the formation of plasmin. @entity980 ( @entity980 ) cell lines secrete high levels of @entity5100 ), suggesting autocrine IGFs play a major role in the unregulated growth and @entity3 of @entity980 . In vitro, @entity5100 and @entity442 increased @entity4222 of RD cells to 124+/-9% (P<0.01) and 131+/-8% (P<0.05) of control, respectively. @entity5100 -induced @entity4222 was abolished by @entity19518 ( @entity19518 ) (P<0.01), a relatively specific inhibitor of @entity5100 , and by @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) (P<0.05). Aprotinin, a plasmin inhibitor, and @entity31158 , which inhibits the synthesis of @entity4495 (GPI), thereby preventing anchorage of GPI-linked proteins such as @entity10431 to the cell membrane, also decreased @entity5100 - (P<0.05 for both) but not @entity442 -induced @entity4222 . [ @entity534 54, @entity534 55] @entity5100 and [Leu27] @entity5100 , which preferentially bind to the @entity442 and @entity5100 / @entity7788 receptors ( @entity5100 / @entity54181 ), respectively, both induced RD cell @entity4222 to 146+/-8% (P<0.01) and 120+/-7% (P<0.05) of control, respectively. An anti- @entity10431 anti-serum reduced @entity5100 - and @entity442 -induced @entity4222 (P<0.05 for both). An anti-low density @entity8993 ( @entity8993 ) anti-serum reduced @entity442 -induced @entity4222 (P<0.05). @entity12067 both increased specific 125I-single chain @entity2290 (scuPA) binding to RD cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). These results suggest involvement of the PA/plasmin system in IGF-induced @entity4222 and indicate important roles these systems may have in @entity980 @entity3 .

title: Urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor is involved in insulin-like growth factor-induced XXXX of @entity980 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity4222 :: (MESH:D014085,Disease) :: ['migration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential progression from intestinal metaplasia to @entity258 , to high grade @entity1141 and to @entity420 represents a well recognized sequence in @entity1 with @entity355 ( @entity355 ). The time required for this transformation is not well known. AIM: To report the results of a 10 years follow up of @entity1 with @entity355 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2000 we followed 402 @entity1 with @entity355 . RESULTS: Sixty six subjects (16.2%) presented @entity258 at the time of diagnosis and 10 @entity1 (2 @entity1 /8 @entity1 ) developed @entity420 during the follow-up period. Four out of these 10 @entity1 were operated because of @entity354 , but after 3-5 years, @entity304 recurred. The other 6 @entity1 rejected surgery and were on @entity4546 with good symptomatic results. Two @entity1 had a short @entity355 (< 3 cm), seven cases had a classic @entity355 (3-10 cm) and one @entity1 had an extensive > 10 cm @entity355 . The mean time elapsed from intestinal metaplasia to @entity258 was 9 months, to high grade @entity1141 56 months and to @entity420 82 months. From @entity258 to early @entity5 it was 18 months, from high grade @entity1141 to early @entity5 14 months and from high grade @entity1141 to advanced transmural @entity5 14 months. All @entity1 were subjected to esophagectomy. Five @entity1 detected as State I are alive without any evidence of recurrence after 36 to 130 months after surgery. Five @entity1 with advanced transmural @entity189 subjected to radical esophagectomy died because of progression of the malignancy between 3 and 24 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Progression to @entity420 may occur even in absence of @entity304 while on acid suppression therapy. Detection at early stage intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus offers a high chance of cure after surgical resection.

title: [Progression from intestinal metaplasia to XXXX in Barrett s esophagus: usefulness of endoscopic surveillance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['Omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: During the period from 1989 till 1998 local @entity1068 injection therapy (LEIT) was used in treatment of 37 @entity1 aged 39-78. The multiple focused form of @entity409 was observed in 15 (41%) @entity1 , solitary in 20 (54%), the diffuse-focused in 2 (5%) @entity1 . The distribution of the @entity5 according to the histological structure was as follows: @entity2477 in 22 (60%) @entity1 , capillary--in 2 (5%) @entity1 , mixed in 13 (35%). Local injection therapy was the only method of treatment of 17 @entity1 . In 13 @entity1 this method gave insufficiently effective embolization of the hepatic artery, in 2 @entity1 the injection therapy was combined with ligation of the hepatic artery and in 5 @entity1 --with resection of the liver because of another @entity5 . The volume of a single use of @entity1068 varied from 6 to 60 ml. Long-term results were followed-up during 3-6 years. By the data of USI, CT, NMR in all the @entity1 there were changes in the @entity5 typical of @entity82 . Positive results of the treatment such as a reduced size of @entity2695 were noted in 27 @entity1 (73.0%), @entity158 disappeared in 10 out of 29 @entity1 (35%) who had @entity158 syndrome. A conclusion is made that local @entity1068 injection therapy with 96% @entity1068 is effective in treatment of @entity409 . It gives good long-term results including a combination with the endovascular treatment and resection of the liver.

title: [Long-term results of local XXXX injection therapy in the treatment of hemangiomatosis of the liver].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate a translated Italian version of the @entity239 Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). METHODS: The Italian version of the FIQ was administered to 50 @entity1 affected by @entity239 ( @entity239 ) (48 @entity1 filled out the questionnaire again 10 days later) together with the Italian version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36), and a @entity925 ( @entity925 ) obtained by summing the score (0-3) of each tender point tested by thumb palpation. All @entity1 were asked about the severity of @entity158 today (10 cm visual analog scale) and the duration of symptoms. Test-retest reliability was assessed using Spearman correlations. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha of reliability. Construct validity of the FIQ was evaluated by correlations between the HAQ and subscales of the SF-36 as well as the @entity925 . RESULTS: The mean duration of symptoms was 6.5 years and the mean age of the @entity1 was 57.4 years. Test-retest reliability was between 0.74 and 0.95 for physical functioning as well as for the total FIQ and other components. Internal consistency was 0.90 for the overall FIQ. Significant correlations were obtained between the FIQ items, the HAQ and the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The Italian FIQ is a reliable and valid instrument for detecting and measuring functional disability and health status in Italian @entity1 with @entity239 .

title: Validation of an Italian version of the XXXX Impact Questionnaire (FIQ-I).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tender point count', 'TPC']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia', 'FM']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['Fibromyalgia']


abstract: @entity2057 is a severe @entity66 that is caused by mutations in the @entity1 @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ) gene. @entity73009 protein is required for the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and a dramatic reduction of the protein leads to cell death. It is currently unknown how the reduction of this ubiquitously essential protein can lead to tissue-specific abnormalities. In addition, it is still not known whether the disease is caused by developmental or @entity179 . Using the @entity238 system, we show that @entity73009 is enriched in postembryonic neuroblasts and forms a concentration gradient in the differentiating progeny. In addition to the developing @entity238 larval CNS, @entity238 larval and adult testes have a striking @entity73009 gradient. When @entity73009 is reduced in postembryonic neuroblasts using MARCM clonal analysis, cell proliferation and clone formation defects occur. These @entity73009 mutant neuroblasts fail to correctly localise Miranda and have reduced levels of snRNAs. When @entity73009 is removed, germline stem cells are lost more frequently. We also show that changes in @entity73009 levels can disrupt the correct timing of cell differentiation. We conclude that highly regulated @entity73009 levels are essential to drive timely cell proliferation and cell differentiation.

title: Survival motor neuron protein regulates stem cell division, proliferation, and differentiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative defects']

entities_list: @entity11280 :: ('6606', 'Gene') :: ['SMN1', 'survival motor neuron 1']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: This case report describes the unilateral acute @entity227 in the right eye of a 48-year-old @entity1 . The @entity1 was otherwise healthy but 2 days previously had suffered from @entity227 . Secondary to this, the @entity1 had already been under dental treatment for 1 week due to @entity4 . At the first examination a macular branch @entity2994 and @entity1867 were found in the right eye by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The immediate diagnostic procedure identified @entity1778 (AML) as the cause of the vascular pathology. The AML can be manifested in different ways and the retina is involved in approximately 50% of cases. Due to a @entity3528 , which is found in approx. 20% of @entity1778 , symptomatic central @entity2994 or macular branch @entity2994 can occur. Ophthalmic symptoms can be the first and only signs to be detected. Therefore, ophthalmologists should also consider a @entity262 and initiate a clarification. A differential blood count is indispensable. The results usually improve by a rapidly arranged and suitable therapy. Ophthalmological follow-up examinations are imperative as an initiated chemotherapy can also produce ophthalmological side-effects.

title: [Gingival hyperplasia and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness and blurred vision', 'reduction of vision']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['gingival swelling']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperviscosity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemias', 'aute amyeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['Roth spots']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual reduction']


abstract: The authors present a retrospective clinical analysis of 25 operated @entity1 with @entity788 and severe cholecystopancreatitis. The severity of the disease was evaluated by the Ranson scale. Diagnosis was made using all available contemporary diagnostic methods. Eleven of the @entity1 were operated in the first 2-5 days after admission because of severe form of acute @entity788 resisting medical therapy (Ranson > 3) and 8 @entity1 with @entity788 underwent surgery within 2-3 weeks after the disease onset. Five of the @entity1 died (26.32%). Only one @entity1 died (16.66%) out of the @entity1 of the second group including @entity1 with acute complicated cholecystopancreatitis (n = 6). The authors think that treatment of acute @entity788 at its onset should be mainly conservative. Laparotomy should be resorted to only in cases of uncertain diagnosis. Surgery or percutaneous drainage should be used in @entity788 and the most favorable term of operation is 2-3 weeks after the disease onset. Severe @entity788 associated with @entity5990 and its complications require emergency surgery.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX and complicated forms of cholecystopancreatitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis', 'infected necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: AIM: Nonadherent individuals are the most likely to avoid participating in research studies, thus limiting potential opportunities to develop evidence-based approaches for adherence enhancement. This mixed-method analysis evaluated factors related to adherence among 20 poorly adherent community mental health clinic @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHODS: Illness experience was evaluated with qualitative interview. Quantitative assessments measured symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), adherence behavior, and treatment attitudes. Poor adherence was defined as missing 30% or more of medication. RESULTS: Minorities (80%), unmarried individuals (95%), and those with @entity734 (65%) predominated in this nonadherent group of @entity1 with @entity162 . Individuals were substantially depressed (mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 19.2), had at least some @entity162 (mean Young Mania Rating Scale, 13.6), and had moderate psychopathology (mean Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, 41.2). Rates of missed medications were 41% to 43%. Forgetting to take medications was the top reason for nonadherence (55%), followed by side effects (20%). Disorganized home environments (30%), concern regarding having to take long-term medications (25%) or fear of side effects (25%), and insufficient information regarding @entity162 (35%) were relatively common. Almost one third of @entity1 had individuals in their core social network who specifically advised against medication. Access problems included difficulty paying for medications among more than half of @entity1 . Interestingly, @entity1 reported good relationships with their providers. CONCLUSIONS: Forgetting to take medication and problems with side effects are primary drivers of nonadherence. Lack of medication routines, unsupportive social networks, @entity1887 , and treatment access problems may likewise affect overall adherence. Complementary quantitative and qualitative data collection can identify reasons for nonadherence and may inform specific clinical approaches to enhance adherence.

title: Illness experience and reasons for nonadherence among individuals with XXXX who are poorly adherent with medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD', 'manic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['insufficient illness knowledge']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: An entomological study was conducted in a village of Sudano-Guinean savanna in Senegal, during the rainy season from July to November 2001, to investigate the biology and the involvement of each anopheline species in @entity311 transmission. Mosquitoes were captured when landing on @entity1 volunteers and by pyrethrum spray catches. Twelve anopheline species were captured. Four species amounted to 97% of @entity1 -bait sampling: @entity313 molecular form S, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, and An. nili s.s. All An. gambiae and An. nili females were fed on @entity1 , whereas the anthropophilic rate was 94.5% for An. funestus and 88.9% for An. arabiensis. @entity3964 was the only @entity311 parasite found, and infecting only An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, and An. nili. The circumsporozoite rate was 4.5% for An. gambiae, 1.6% for An. arabiensis, 3.9% for An. funestus, and 2.1% for An. nili. During the period of study, the entomological inoculation rate was estimated to 264 infected bites. An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, and An. nili were responsible respectively of 56, 3, 20, and 21% of @entity311 transmission. This study shows for the first time the implication of An. nili in @entity311 transmission in this area and the complexity of the @entity311 vectorial system that should be taken into account for any @entity311 control strategy.

title: Bionomics of @entity313 Giles, An. arabiensis Patton, An. funestus Giles and An. nili (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) and transmission of XXXX in a Sudano-Guinean zone (Ngari, Senegal).

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: An entomological study was conducted in a village of Sudano-Guinean savanna in Senegal, during the rainy season from July to November 2001, to investigate the biology and the involvement of each anopheline species in @entity311 transmission. Mosquitoes were captured when landing on @entity1 volunteers and by pyrethrum spray catches. Twelve anopheline species were captured. Four species amounted to 97% of @entity1 -bait sampling: @entity313 molecular form S, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, and An. nili s.s. All An. gambiae and An. nili females were fed on @entity1 , whereas the anthropophilic rate was 94.5% for An. funestus and 88.9% for An. arabiensis. @entity3964 was the only @entity311 parasite found, and infecting only An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, and An. nili. The circumsporozoite rate was 4.5% for An. gambiae, 1.6% for An. arabiensis, 3.9% for An. funestus, and 2.1% for An. nili. During the period of study, the entomological inoculation rate was estimated to 264 infected bites. An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, and An. nili were responsible respectively of 56, 3, 20, and 21% of @entity311 transmission. This study shows for the first time the implication of An. nili in @entity311 transmission in this area and the complexity of the @entity311 vectorial system that should be taken into account for any @entity311 control strategy.

title: Bionomics of XXXX Giles, An. arabiensis Patton, An. funestus Giles and An. nili (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) and transmission of @entity3964 in a Sudano-Guinean zone (Ngari, Senegal).

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: It has been shown that herbs that contain @entity42845 induce @entity5 . Chinese herbalists have easy access to such herbs. Our previous mortality study has shown a significantly increased risk of @entity5 in female but not male herbalists. To re-examine this risk in male herbalists, the incidence of @entity5 was analyzed. METHODS: We enrolled all 6550 Chinese herbalists in Taiwan registered during 1985-2000, and we retrospectively followed the development of @entity5 until 2001 by analysis of data collected from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for @entity5 in herbalists and compared with those for the general population in Taiwan. RESULTS: There were 30 newly diagnosed cases of @entity5 and most of them were transitional cell @entity189 (93.1%). The mean age at diagnosis for @entity189 was 51.6 years, and 51.9% were in the upper urinary tract. After adjustment for age and sex, the SIR for all @entity5 was 3.51 [(95% confidence interval (CI): 2.37-5.01]. When stratified by location, the @entity703 and @entity150 were 4.24 (95% CI: 2.47-6.80) and 2.86 (95% CI: 1.52-4.89), respectively. When analyzed by sex, the SIRs for all @entity5 , @entity703 , and @entity150 were also significantly increased in male herbalists. CONCLUSION: The significant risk of @entity189 noted in male herbalists increases our suspicion that this is an @entity3675 that renders regular health assessment of herbalists an urgent necessity.

title: Increased risks of upper tract XXXX in male and female chinese herbalists.

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urological cancers', 'cancer', 'urological cancer']

entities_list: @entity42845 :: ('MESH:C000228', 'Chemical') :: ['aristolochic acid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney and upper urinary tract cancers', 'SIRs for kidney and upper urinary tract cancers']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: Dysfunction of the frontal lobe is considered to be central to the pathology of @entity161 . However, the nature of these abnormalities is unclear, in particular whether they are affected by treatment. In an earlier functional MRI study of our group we found dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (DLPFC) dysfunction to be present in medication-naive first-episode @entity1 . In this follow-up study, we investigated whether treatment with atypical antipsychotics had an effect on DLPFC functioning, and whether (change in) DLPFC functioning was related to treatment response. Twenty-three medication-naive, first-episode male @entity161 @entity1 and 33 matched healthy controls were scanned at baseline and were re-scanned after 10 weeks, while performing a modified Sternberg working-memory task. We specifically investigated the effect of practice on brain activation, defined as the signal change between a novel and practiced working-memory task. After the baseline scan, @entity1 were treated with atypical antipsychotics. Based on their symptom change after ten weeks, @entity1 were divided into responders and non-responders We found DLPFC function did not change after 10 weeks in healthy controls or in @entity1 who received treatment. However, while @entity1 who responded to treatment did not differ from controls, non-responders showed a reduced practice effect in the DLPFC that was present already at baseline, which did not change after treatment. A reduced practice effect in the DLFPC at baseline was found to be predictive of poor treatment response at 10 weeks. These results suggest that prefrontal @entity75 reflects a distinct neuropathological substrate in a subgroup of treatment non-responsive @entity161 @entity1 .

title: @entity75 predicts treatment response in medication-naive first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lobe dysfunction']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Dysfunction of the frontal lobe is considered to be central to the pathology of @entity161 . However, the nature of these abnormalities is unclear, in particular whether they are affected by treatment. In an earlier functional MRI study of our group we found dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (DLPFC) dysfunction to be present in medication-naive first-episode @entity1 . In this follow-up study, we investigated whether treatment with atypical antipsychotics had an effect on DLPFC functioning, and whether (change in) DLPFC functioning was related to treatment response. Twenty-three medication-naive, first-episode male @entity161 @entity1 and 33 matched healthy controls were scanned at baseline and were re-scanned after 10 weeks, while performing a modified Sternberg working-memory task. We specifically investigated the effect of practice on brain activation, defined as the signal change between a novel and practiced working-memory task. After the baseline scan, @entity1 were treated with atypical antipsychotics. Based on their symptom change after ten weeks, @entity1 were divided into responders and non-responders We found DLPFC function did not change after 10 weeks in healthy controls or in @entity1 who received treatment. However, while @entity1 who responded to treatment did not differ from controls, non-responders showed a reduced practice effect in the DLPFC that was present already at baseline, which did not change after treatment. A reduced practice effect in the DLFPC at baseline was found to be predictive of poor treatment response at 10 weeks. These results suggest that prefrontal @entity75 reflects a distinct neuropathological substrate in a subgroup of treatment non-responsive @entity161 @entity1 .

title: XXXX predicts treatment response in medication-naive first-episode @entity161 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Prefrontal lobe dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 is the sixth most common @entity5 among @entity1 and the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Opinions differ regarding the role of ultra-radical (extensive) cytoreductive surgery in @entity43 treatment.   OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and morbidity associated with ultra-radical/extensive surgery in the management of @entity43 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 4), MEDLINE and EMBASE (up to November 2010). We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomised studies, analysed using multivariate methods, that compared ultra-radical/extensive and standard surgery in adult @entity1 with advanced primary @entity43 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed whether potentially relevant studies met the inclusion criteria, abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias. One non-randomised study was identified so no meta-analyses were performed. MAIN RESULTS: One non-randomised study met our inclusion criteria. It analysed retrospective data for 194 @entity1 with stage IIIC advanced @entity43 who underwent either ultra-radical (extensive) or standard surgery and reported disease specific overall survival and perioperative mortality. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for prognostic factors, identified better disease specific survival among @entity1 receiving ultra-radical surgery, although this was not statistically significant (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40 to 1.04). In a subset of 144 @entity1 with @entity189 , those who underwent ultra-radical surgery had significantly better disease specific survival than @entity1 who underwent standard surgery (adjusted HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98). Progression-free survival and quality of life (QoL) were not reported and adverse events were incompletely documented. The study was at high risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found only low quality evidence comparing ultra-radical and standard surgery in @entity1 with advanced @entity43 and @entity189 . The evidence suggested that ultra-radical surgery may result in better survival.   It was unclear whether there were any differences in progression-free survival, QoL and morbidity between the two groups. The cost-effectiveness of this intervention has not been investigated. We are, therefore, unable to reach definite conclusions about the relative benefits and adverse effects of the two types of surgery.In order to determine the role of ultra-radical surgery in the management of @entity43 , a sufficiently powered randomised controlled trial comparing ultra-radical and standard surgery or well-designed non-randomised studies would be required.

title: Ultra-radical (extensive) surgery versus standard surgery for the primary cytoreduction of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer', 'advanced stage ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'gynaecological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: The normal tissue tolerance levels to fractionated radiotherapy have been appreciated by a century of careful clinical observations and radiobiological studies in animals. During clinical fractionated radiotherapy, these normal tissue tolerance levels are respected, and severe sequelae of radiotherapy are avoided in the majority of @entity1 . Notwithstanding, a minority of @entity1 experience unexpectedly severe normal tissue reactions. The ability to predict which @entity1 might form this minority would be important. We have conducted a study to develop a rapid and reliable diagnostic test to predict excessive normal tissue @entity137 (NTT) in radiotherapy @entity1 . A flow cytometric immunocytochemical assay was used to measure DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from @entity5 @entity1 exposed to 2-Gy gamma radiation. DNA damage and repair was measured by induction of cellular y- @entity6714 in unirradiated and exposed cells at specific time points following exposure. In 12 @entity5 @entity1 that experienced severe @entity137 following radiotherapy, there was a failure to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) as measured by y- @entity6714 induction and persistence. In ten @entity5 @entity1 that experienced little or no NTT and in seven normal (noncancer controls), efficient repair of DNA DSB was observed in the y- @entity6714 assay. We conclude that a flow cytometric assay based on y- @entity6714 induction in PBL of radiotherapy @entity1 may represent a robust, rapid and reliable biomarker to predict NTT during radiotherapy. Further research is required with a larger @entity1 cohort to validate this important study.

title: Prolonged expression of the y- @entity6714 DNA repair biomarker correlates with excess acute and chronic XXXX from radiotherapy treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'atypical NTT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The normal tissue tolerance levels to fractionated radiotherapy have been appreciated by a century of careful clinical observations and radiobiological studies in animals. During clinical fractionated radiotherapy, these normal tissue tolerance levels are respected, and severe sequelae of radiotherapy are avoided in the majority of @entity1 . Notwithstanding, a minority of @entity1 experience unexpectedly severe normal tissue reactions. The ability to predict which @entity1 might form this minority would be important. We have conducted a study to develop a rapid and reliable diagnostic test to predict excessive normal tissue @entity137 (NTT) in radiotherapy @entity1 . A flow cytometric immunocytochemical assay was used to measure DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from @entity5 @entity1 exposed to 2-Gy gamma radiation. DNA damage and repair was measured by induction of cellular y- @entity6714 in unirradiated and exposed cells at specific time points following exposure. In 12 @entity5 @entity1 that experienced severe @entity137 following radiotherapy, there was a failure to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) as measured by y- @entity6714 induction and persistence. In ten @entity5 @entity1 that experienced little or no NTT and in seven normal (noncancer controls), efficient repair of DNA DSB was observed in the y- @entity6714 assay. We conclude that a flow cytometric assay based on y- @entity6714 induction in PBL of radiotherapy @entity1 may represent a robust, rapid and reliable biomarker to predict NTT during radiotherapy. Further research is required with a larger @entity1 cohort to validate this important study.

title: Prolonged expression of the y- XXXX DNA repair biomarker correlates with excess acute and chronic @entity137 from radiotherapy treatment.

answer: @entity6714 :: (3014,Gene) :: ['H2AX']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity513 in situ of the breast (DCIS) represents a challenge in mammographic screening due to its unknown progression into @entity3 . The majority of the DCIS is detected due to signs of @entity730 on the mammograms. PURPOSE: To analyze the combinations of mammographic morphology and distribution of @entity730 by Van Nuys nuclear grade (grade). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 217 DCIS diagnosed in @entity1 aged 50-69 years old who participated in the Norwegian @entity0 Screening Program in the period November 1995 to December 2007 were reviewed by four breast imaging specialists. The mammograms were classified according to the morphology and distribution of the @entity730 , using BI-RADS nomenclature. Chi square test was used to compare the groups of morphology and distribution by grade. RESULTS: Calcifications were identified in 93% (202/217) of the cases, 15% (30/202) as grade 1 and 74% (149/202) as grade 3. Fine @entity730 were seen in 38% (77/202) of the lesions and fine linear and fine linear branching in 31% (62/202). Sixty-nine percent (53/77) of the fine pleomorphic and 84% (52/62) of the fine linear and fine linear branching @entity730 were high grade lesions. Grouped distribution was seen in about half of all the cases (104/202). Among the high grade lesions with fine @entity400 , 75% (40/53) and 69% (36/52), respectively, had grouped or segmental distribution. CONCLUSION: DCIS presented overlapping groups of morphology and distribution of calcification by grade, but fine @entity400 with grouped and segmental distributions were associated with high grade DCIS. Seeking for further knowledge that allows separation of non-high grade from high grade DCIS has to continue to improve the quality of mammographic screening.

title: Mammographic morphology and distribution of XXXX in situ diagnosed in organized screening.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic calcifications', 'calcifications']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic or fine linear and fine linear branching calcifications', 'pleomorphic and fine linear and fine linear branching calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['calcifications in ductal carcinoma']


abstract: The influence of @entity6167 ( @entity6167 ) of @entity2247 and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) of the diet on digestive and performance traits of broilers to 21 d was studied. There were four treatments arranged factorially with two @entity2247 -processing treatments (raw or heated), two levels of @entity2246 (0 or 500 ppm), and five replicates per treatment. Chicks fed @entity6167 @entity2247 grew faster than broilers fed raw @entity2247 until 8 d of age, but the effect disappeared thereafter. In general, @entity2246 improved broiler performance at all ages. Intestinal viscosity was increased by @entity6167 of @entity2247 (P < or = 0.05) and reduced by @entity2246 (P < or = 0.001), and the decrease in viscosity caused by @entity2246 was greater for @entity6167 than for raw @entity2247 diets ( @entity6167 x @entity2246 ; P < or = 0.05). Heat processing of @entity2247 and @entity2246 of the diet improved apparent retention of nutrients (P < or = 0.001). Age affected apparent retention of nutrients differently. For starch and neutral detergent fiber, retention increased linearly with age (P < or = 0.01), but for the remaining nutrients the retention decreased from d 4 to 8 and then increased until d 21 (P < or = 0.001). Also, the beneficial effects of @entity6167 on retention of nutrients were more pronounced at younger ages ( @entity6167 x age; P < or = 0.05). Both @entity6167 (P < or = 0.001) and @entity2246 (P < or = 0.01) increased liver weight, and enzymes reduced the weights of pancreas (P < or = 0.05) and small intestine (P < or = 0.001). Villus height was improved by @entity6167 (P < or = 0.001) and @entity2246 (P < or = 0.01), but villus surface area was only improved by enzymes (P < or = 0.01). It was concluded that broiler performance is improved by @entity6167 of @entity2247 at early ages and by @entity2246 of the diet throughout the trial. Also, @entity6167 and @entity2246 increased apparent retention of nutrients, AMEn of the diet, and villus height.

title: Heat processing of XXXX and @entity2246 of diets for broilers.

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat processing', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'enzyme supplementation']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']