abstract: To examine mast cell involvement in @entity2023 , levels of tryptase, a specific marker for mast cell activation, and @entity112 , a marker of mast cell and basophil activation, were measured in nasal-lavage fluid after nasal-allergen challenge. Twelve @entity2023 and five nonatopic subjects were challenged with timothy grass or ragweed pollen at increasing doses of allergen. Tryptase and @entity112 levels were determined by an ELISA and radioenzyme assay, respectively; clinical responses were measured by assessment of sneezing, @entity5254 , nasal congestion, and ocular tearing or itching. A positive clinical response was observed in seven of the atopic subjects and in none of the nonatopic subjects. Tryptase levels increased at least sevenfold higher than baseline levels in 100% of the atopic clinical responders and reached a maximum at the same dose of allergen where clinical symptoms were maximal. In contrast, @entity112 levels were only threefold or greater elevated in five of seven atopic clinical responders at this dose of allergen. ( @entity112 levels were lower in one subject and were only 50% higher in another subject than the corresponding baseline value.) @entity112 levels and symptom scores were maximal at the same dose of allergen in only four of seven clinical responders. Overlap of peak mediator levels in subjects without a clinical response with those of the clinical responders occurred only in the case of @entity112 . Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid appear promising as a useful indicator of @entity56 and indicate that mast cell activation is the major factor in the immediate nasal- @entity56 response.

title: Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid as an indicator of the immediate XXXX response.

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['atopic subjects with allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of performing the Burch urethropexy (BU) and the abdominal paravaginal repair (APR) through a 1.5-2.5 in suprapubic incision. A prospective clinical study was undertaken by four urogynecologists. Seventy-three @entity1 , each with a urodynamic and clinical diagnosis of genuine stress @entity322 , underwent a BU procedure, with 33 of the 73 having concomitant APR through the same incision. The duration of surgery and any complications were recorded. Postoperative outcome tests included subjective @entity322 questionnaire, cough stress testing, pad testing, measurement of residual volumes, and analgesia requirements. The BU procedure was accomplished in 72 of 73 @entity1 , with 1 requiring conversion to a 5 in incision. The mean operative time was 64.6 +/-21.9 (SD) min. Intraoperatively, 1 @entity1 was noted to have a suture in the bladder. All @entity1 having only a BU (40) went home on the day of surgery or the first postoperative day, and all @entity1 with BU and APR went home within 2 days. All but 1 @entity1 met the criteria for catheter removal within 7 days, with 1 @entity1 suffering obstructive voiding. At a mean follow-up of 9 months, cough stress test and questionnaire demonstrated complete cure in 70 of 72 @entity1 tested. Pad testing confirmed cure in all of the 46 @entity1 who consented to the test. We conclude that the standard Burch procedure and paravaginal repair can be accomplished safely and with excellent short-term efficacy through a 1.5-2.5 in incision.

title: Mini-incisional Burch urethropexy: a less invasive method to accomplish a time-tested procedure for treatment of genuine stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: @entity86 is a potential complication of anti- @entity322 procedures. Reported rates of @entity11044 range from 5% to 20%. There is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the appropriate evaluation and management of this distressing problem. A literature search was carried out using Medline (1966-2001) for @entity86 . The key word urethrolysis was cross-referenced with surgical complications and stress urinary @entity322 to identify all published English-language articles. The bibliographies of reviewed articles were searched manually. We also mailed a survey to the members of American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) regarding their management of this problem. Overall, 262 members (31.4%) responded to the survey. Success rates reported in the literature between retropubic and vaginal techniques of urethrolysis are comparable, but morbidity is lower with the vaginal approach. The success rates are equivalent with (68%) or without (74%) resuspension following transvaginal urethrolysis. The incidence of postoperative SUI is acceptably low even without resuspension of the urethra (6% for both). Results of the AUGS survey reveal that most providers favor a transvaginal approach (74%) when performing urethrolysis, and they do not routinely resupport the @entity1494 (82%).

title: Voiding dysfunction after surgery for stress XXXX : literature review and survey results.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative voiding dysfunction', 'postoperative voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several video-assisted techniques have been used to treat @entity5229 ( @entity5229 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of thoracoscopic @entity456 for @entity5229 . METHODS: From 1991 to 2003, 185 consecutive @entity1 , 143 male and 42 female, aged 15 to 60 years (average 31.6) underwent thoracoscopic @entity456 for @entity5229 . The indications for surgery were as follows: a first episode with persistent air leak in 33 @entity1 (17.9%), a recurrent @entity5229 in 122 @entity1 (65.9%), a previous contralateral pneumothorax in 23 @entity1 (12.4%), and recurrence after surgical treatment in seven @entity1 (3.8%). Bullae were resected in 163 @entity1 (88.1%). Mechanical @entity456 was performed in all cases. RESULTS: There were no deaths. @entity548 occurred in three @entity1 . It was controlled via thoracotomy in one @entity1 and via thoracoscopy in two @entity1 . The postoperative complication rate was 8.1% (15/185). Complications included prolonged air leak in eight @entity1 (4.3%), @entity1143 in two (1.1%), @entity1410 in one (0.5%), @entity5837 in one (0.5%), @entity891 in one (0.5%), and @entity548 in two (1.1%). Postoperative hospital stay ranged between 2 and 17 days (mean, 5). Mean duration of drainage was 3.8 days (range; 1-16). Postoperatively, 111 @entity1 were contacted, with a mean follow-up of 36.5 months. Four of them had a recurrence (3.6%) that did not require reoperation. CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic @entity456 associated with bullae resection is a safe and efficient treatment for @entity5229 . Results remain stable in the long term.

title: Results of thoracoscopic @entity456 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['PSP', 'ipsilateral pneumothorax', 'primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall infection']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['extrapleural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural abrasion']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several video-assisted techniques have been used to treat @entity5229 ( @entity5229 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of thoracoscopic @entity456 for @entity5229 . METHODS: From 1991 to 2003, 185 consecutive @entity1 , 143 male and 42 female, aged 15 to 60 years (average 31.6) underwent thoracoscopic @entity456 for @entity5229 . The indications for surgery were as follows: a first episode with persistent air leak in 33 @entity1 (17.9%), a recurrent @entity5229 in 122 @entity1 (65.9%), a previous contralateral pneumothorax in 23 @entity1 (12.4%), and recurrence after surgical treatment in seven @entity1 (3.8%). Bullae were resected in 163 @entity1 (88.1%). Mechanical @entity456 was performed in all cases. RESULTS: There were no deaths. @entity548 occurred in three @entity1 . It was controlled via thoracotomy in one @entity1 and via thoracoscopy in two @entity1 . The postoperative complication rate was 8.1% (15/185). Complications included prolonged air leak in eight @entity1 (4.3%), @entity1143 in two (1.1%), @entity1410 in one (0.5%), @entity5837 in one (0.5%), @entity891 in one (0.5%), and @entity548 in two (1.1%). Postoperative hospital stay ranged between 2 and 17 days (mean, 5). Mean duration of drainage was 3.8 days (range; 1-16). Postoperatively, 111 @entity1 were contacted, with a mean follow-up of 36.5 months. Four of them had a recurrence (3.6%) that did not require reoperation. CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic @entity456 associated with bullae resection is a safe and efficient treatment for @entity5229 . Results remain stable in the long term.

title: Results of thoracoscopic XXXX for @entity5229 .

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural abrasion']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 with 25 @entity7334 of the @entity8546 were treated during a 7-year period with minimally invasive open reduction of the posterior facet, external ring fixation, and early weightbearing. Skeletal traction and a minimally invasive lateral approach were used to elevate the posterior facet. Percutaneous wires, which were secured to an external ring fixator, were used to stabilize the reduction. The @entity1 were encouraged to bear weight on the first postoperative day and during the time the fixator was in place. A retrospective chart review was performed and the Maryland Foot Score was used. The @entity1 ranged in age from 22 to 68 years (average, 43.8 years). Using the Sanders computed tomography classification, there were 17 (68%) type II, 6 (24%) type III, and 2 (8%) type IV @entity174 patterns. Thirty-two percent of the @entity1 were rated excellent, 60% rated good, and 8% rated fair. @entity2720 was >50% of the uninjured foot in 21 of 25 @entity174 . Eight of 23 @entity1 (35%) experienced @entity158 in the rear foot, whereas 4 (17%) complained of @entity158 in the plantar heel. Few complications were observed, with the most common being superficial @entity272 at a wire insertion site. No @entity281 developed. The average length of the treatment period with the fixator was 6.6 weeks (range, 5 to 9 weeks). The range of follow-up was 2 to 7 years. The results with this technique indicate that it is a viable alternative to traditional methods of open reduction and internal fixation for the management of @entity7334 of the @entity8546 .

title: Management of displaced intraarticular XXXX by using external ring fixation, minimally invasive open reduction, and early weightbearing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infections']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intraarticular fractures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['localized pain', 'diffuse pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Subtalar joint motion']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['calcaneal fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic use of cranial radiation therapy (CRT) in young @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is associated with significant long-term morbidity. Therefore, current treatment protocols for pediatric B-precursor @entity981 have abandoned prophylactic CRT in favor of intrathecal chemotherapy, combined with either high-dose @entity1499 infusions ( @entity2033 - @entity1500 ) or intensive systemic chemotherapy. In contrast, prophylactic CRT continues to be used in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ), who historically have had an inferior prognosis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the effect on survival of substituting @entity2033 - @entity1500 for CRT in young @entity1 with @entity981 , a group that faces a high risk of long-term sequelae from CRT. PROCEDURE: Twenty-six @entity1 , diagnosed with @entity981 between the ages of 1 and 5 years, were treated on the same high-risk @entity1778 protocol. Central nervous system (CNS) directed therapy consisted of either CRT (1,800 cGy) or @entity2033 - @entity1500 (three doses of 8 g/m2), depending on the treatment era in which @entity1 were diagnosed. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity1 who entered remission, 12 received CRT and 12 received @entity2033 - @entity1500 . Five-year event-free survival (EFS) (+/-SE) was 92 +/- 8% in the @entity2033 - @entity1500 group versus 75 +/- 13% in the CRT group (P=0.23). Five-year overall survival (OS) was 100% in the @entity2033 - @entity1500 group versus 75 +/- 13% in the CRT group (P=0.07). There were no CNS recurrences in the @entity2033 - @entity1500 group. One @entity1 treated with CRT developed a @entity1313 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity2033 - @entity1500 instead of CRT as CNS-directed therapy in very young @entity1 with @entity981 does not compromise survival, while avoiding the adverse long-term effects of cranial irradiation.

title: CNS-directed therapy in young @entity1 with XXXX : High-dose methotrexate versus cranial irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'ALL', 'T-lineage ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic use of cranial radiation therapy (CRT) in young @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is associated with significant long-term morbidity. Therefore, current treatment protocols for pediatric B-precursor @entity981 have abandoned prophylactic CRT in favor of intrathecal chemotherapy, combined with either high-dose @entity1499 infusions ( @entity2033 - @entity1500 ) or intensive systemic chemotherapy. In contrast, prophylactic CRT continues to be used in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ), who historically have had an inferior prognosis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the effect on survival of substituting @entity2033 - @entity1500 for CRT in young @entity1 with @entity981 , a group that faces a high risk of long-term sequelae from CRT. PROCEDURE: Twenty-six @entity1 , diagnosed with @entity981 between the ages of 1 and 5 years, were treated on the same high-risk @entity1778 protocol. Central nervous system (CNS) directed therapy consisted of either CRT (1,800 cGy) or @entity2033 - @entity1500 (three doses of 8 g/m2), depending on the treatment era in which @entity1 were diagnosed. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity1 who entered remission, 12 received CRT and 12 received @entity2033 - @entity1500 . Five-year event-free survival (EFS) (+/-SE) was 92 +/- 8% in the @entity2033 - @entity1500 group versus 75 +/- 13% in the CRT group (P=0.23). Five-year overall survival (OS) was 100% in the @entity2033 - @entity1500 group versus 75 +/- 13% in the CRT group (P=0.07). There were no CNS recurrences in the @entity2033 - @entity1500 group. One @entity1 treated with CRT developed a @entity1313 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity2033 - @entity1500 instead of CRT as CNS-directed therapy in very young @entity1 with @entity981 does not compromise survival, while avoiding the adverse long-term effects of cranial irradiation.

title: CNS-directed therapy in young XXXX with @entity981 : High-dose methotrexate versus cranial irradiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This is a prospective study of the effects of maternal use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy on newborn neurobehavioral integrity, including systematic measures of behavioral state, sleep organization, motor activity, heart rate variability (HRV), tremulousness, and @entity427 . METHODS: The sample included 17 SSRI-exposed and 17 nonexposed, full-birth-weight newborn @entity1 who had no obvious medical problems and were matched on maternal cigarette use, social class, and maternal age. SSRI exposure was determined by medical records and maternal self-report during a standard interview. Behavioral state, @entity427 , and tremulousness were evaluated for 1 hour between feedings. Automated recordings of motor activity and HRV were also assessed during a 15-minute subset sleep period. HRV was subjected to spectral analysis to detect rhythms in autonomic regulation. Exposed and nonexposed @entity1 groups were compared on measures of neurobehavioral development both before and after adjustment for gestational age as a covariate. RESULTS: SSRI-exposed @entity1 had a shorter mean gestational age; were more motorically active and tremulous; and showed fewer rhythms in HRV, fewer changes in behavioral state, fewer different behavioral states, and a lower peak behavioral state. SSRI-exposed @entity1 also had significantly more rapid eye @entity10522 , which was characterized by longer continuous bouts in that state and higher numbers of spontaneous @entity427 or sudden arousals. After effects of gestational age were covaried, significant differences continued to be found in tremulousness and all measures of state and sleep organization, but effects on @entity427 , motor activity, and rhythms in HRV were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide the first systematic evidence that @entity1 who use SSRIs during pregnancy have healthy, full-birth-weight newborn @entity1 who show disruptions in a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes. Effects on motor activity, @entity427 , and HRV may be mediated through the effects of SSRI exposure on gestational age. Future research can lead to a better understanding of the effects of SSRI use during pregnancy and an improved public health outcome.

title: Maternal selective XXXX reuptake inhibitor use during pregnancy and newborn neurobehavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['startles']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity660 in @entity1 and @entity1 encountered over a 20 year period are reviewed. A total of 79 @entity1 were treated. Forty-eight had @entity788 or its complications, 17 had @entity600 , 12 had @entity4053 and @entity3190 , and 2 had @entity189 . The mortality rate for the @entity1 with @entity788 was 17 percent and was limited to @entity1 treated nonoperatively. Idiopathic and drug-induced @entity788 (the latter, particularly from corticosteroids) were the predominant types. Only rarely should such @entity1 undergo operative treatment. Operations performed for various obstructive or traumatic lesions of the pancreas, as well as for complications of @entity788 , obtained uniformly good results. The most common @entity600 was an @entity20426 in association with @entity15960 ; all @entity1 with this abnormality were successfully treated with bypass procedures. Four @entity1 with an @entity788 underwent successful wedge resection. Nine @entity1 with @entity11448 or @entity14380 and three @entity1 with islet cell @entity652 underwent successful resection without any @entity204 , although @entity16 due to prolonged preoperative @entity4053 were common. Two @entity1 underwent radical resection for @entity3123 , one of whom had survived 20 years postoperatively at last follow-up. @entity660 requiring operation in childhood are uncommon, but are likely to be complex and challenging when they do occur.

title: XXXX and childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'ectopic pancreas']

entities_list: @entity20426 :: ('MESH:C536376', 'Disease') :: ['annular pancreas']

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity14380 :: ('MESH:D018273', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic sequelae']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'congenital malformation of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal atresia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Surgical disorders of the pancreas in infancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2023 is common and on the rise. @entity8610 are the mainstay of treatment and are the most commonly prescribed drugs in Singapore. Treatment-related sedation and its effect on cognition are a major concern. First- and second-generation antihistamines show varying degrees of sedation, but to date, objective studies in @entity1 are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the sedating effect of @entity14746 (second-generation antihistamine) and @entity17567 (first-generation antihistamine) compared with placebo using an objective neurophysiological test. METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, single-dose, 3-way crossover study. Twenty-four @entity1 aged 7 to 14 years with @entity2023 completed the study. All @entity1 were randomly allocated to medication sequences and received 3 different drugs on 3 different days, at least 1 week apart. The @entity3493 event-related potential was used as an objective test of sedation. Subjective assessment was by a visual analog scale. RESULTS: @entity17567 and @entity14746 increased @entity3493 latency when compared with baseline. No significant increase was obtained with placebo. The significant increase in @entity3493 latency was not accompanied by significant change in subjective somnolence as measured by the visual analog scale. CONCLUSION: We have shown that @entity14746 has sedative properties in @entity1 . The lack of correlation between @entity3493 latency and the visual analog scale indicates that sedation induced by these drugs may not be subjectively noted.

title: Central nervous system side effects of first- and second-generation antihistamines in school XXXX with perennial allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity8610 :: ('MESH:D006633', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamines']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpheniramine', 'chlorpheniramine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1112 is a rare @entity74 caused by mutations in the gene encoding @entity11603 ( @entity11603 , @entity11603 ). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the prospect of immune reconstitution in @entity1112 . Standard HSCT using high-dose chemoradiotherapy can be followed by serious hepatic problems, including @entity5501 , @entity2132 , and/or drug-induced hepatotoxicity. In @entity1 whose liver function is compromised before HSCT, such as in @entity1112 caused by cholangiopathy and @entity99 related to @entity1292 , there is a higher likelihood of hepatotoxicity. We explored nonmyeloablative HSCT in 2 @entity1 with @entity1112 . Nonmyeloablative HSCT without liver transplant for @entity1112 , to our knowledge, has not been described previously. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity1112 and persistent @entity281 had documented cholangiopathy on liver biopsy. Both @entity1 underwent nonmyeloablative HSCT from HLA-matched siblings with @entity3118 , @entity1863 , and anti-thymocyte globulin as their preparative regimen. @entity2132 prophylaxis consisted of @entity205 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 are >2 years after their HSCT. One remains a mixed chimera, and the other shows 100% donor chimerism. Both @entity1 are now free of @entity281 and are no longer dependent on intravenous gammaglobulin. Both show response to immunizations. Both have had resolution of their cholangiopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Nonmyeloablative HSCT from HLA-matched siblings can offer immune reconstitution without hepatotoxicity in @entity1 with @entity1112 and preexisting cholangiopathy. Even with stable mixed chimerism after allogeneic HSCT, @entity1 may be able to enjoy a normal phenotype. Nonmyeloablative HSCT warrants additional study in @entity1112 .

title: Nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplant for XXXX with cholangiopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-HIM syndrome', 'X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (X-HIM) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin m syndrome']


abstract: We have previously shown in a @entity35 model that a single bout of high-intensity aerobic exercise 20 h before a simulated dive reduces bubble formation and after the dive protects from lethal @entity5663 . The present study investigated the importance of these findings in @entity1 . Twelve healthy male divers were compressed in a hyperbaric chamber to 280 kPa at a rate of 100 kPa @entity1009 ) breathing air and remaining at pressure for 80 min. The ascent rate was 9 m @entity1009 ) with a 7 min stop at 130 kPa. Each diver underwent two randomly assigned simulated dives, with or without preceding exercise. A single interval exercise performed 24h before the dive consisted of treadmill running at 90% of maximum heart rate for 3 min, followed by exercise at 50% of maximum heart rate for 2 min; this was repeated eight times for a total exercise period of 40 min. @entity1211 bubbles were monitored with an ultrasonic scanner every 20 min for 80 min after reaching surface pressure. The study demonstrated that a single bout of strenuous exercise 24h before a dive to 18 m of seawater significantly reduced the average number of bubbles in the pulmonary artery from 0.98 to 0.22 bubbles cm(-2)(P= 0.006) compared to dives without preceding exercise. The maximum bubble grade was decreased from 3 to 1.5 (P= 0.002) by pre-dive exercise, thereby increasing safety. This is the first report to indicate that pre-dive exercise may form the basis for a new way of preventing serious @entity5663 .

title: Aerobic exercise before diving reduces venous gas bubble formation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['decompression sickness']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous gas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity1 @entity470 ( @entity470 ), HER, targeting has formed the basis of extensive and growing drug development programs in various companies. However, receptor biology is often poorly explained and confusing. The HER family of four naturally occurring receptors and one @entity5 -specific mutant can activate signaling via a complex and sophisticated range of mechanisms, which we are only beginning to understand. @entity470 / @entity470 downstream signaling can lead to @entity5 growth and development via a host of processes, including enhanced cellular proliferation, survival, and @entity3 . A range of potential therapeutic targets exists within the HER signaling system, both inside and outside the cell. Monoclonal antibodies and @entity669 kinase inhibitors, acting extracellularly and intracellularly, respectively, comprise two classes of agents most advanced in clinical development or already available for use. Despite promising single-agent activity in chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), disappointing results from two phase III trials of the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 in @entity1149 have been of concern to some. However, many factors may have contributed to this outcome, and it is not necessarily predictive of the future usefulness of these agents. @entity1 characteristics, lack of @entity1 selection, dosing schedule, and trial design may all have played roles. It is important to remember that intracellular targeting of HER is a relatively novel approach, and our knowledge of how best to optimize such treatment is still unfolding. More clinical experience is needed.

title: XXXX / @entity470 targeting: refining the strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor', 'HER1']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['HER1']


abstract: @entity1 @entity470 ( @entity470 ), HER, targeting has formed the basis of extensive and growing drug development programs in various companies. However, receptor biology is often poorly explained and confusing. The HER family of four naturally occurring receptors and one @entity5 -specific mutant can activate signaling via a complex and sophisticated range of mechanisms, which we are only beginning to understand. @entity470 / @entity470 downstream signaling can lead to @entity5 growth and development via a host of processes, including enhanced cellular proliferation, survival, and @entity3 . A range of potential therapeutic targets exists within the HER signaling system, both inside and outside the cell. Monoclonal antibodies and @entity669 kinase inhibitors, acting extracellularly and intracellularly, respectively, comprise two classes of agents most advanced in clinical development or already available for use. Despite promising single-agent activity in chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), disappointing results from two phase III trials of the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 in @entity1149 have been of concern to some. However, many factors may have contributed to this outcome, and it is not necessarily predictive of the future usefulness of these agents. @entity1 characteristics, lack of @entity1 selection, dosing schedule, and trial design may all have played roles. It is important to remember that intracellular targeting of HER is a relatively novel approach, and our knowledge of how best to optimize such treatment is still unfolding. More clinical experience is needed.

title: @entity470 / XXXX targeting: refining the strategy.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: This data, along with data from other research studies, indicate that PDT is a promising new treatment for noninvasive @entity150 . In the current study at Veterans Administration Medical Center, three of the four @entity1 who received Thiotepa have had recurrences of their @entity150 or positive urine cytology. The three @entity1 who received PDT have not experienced any recurrences or positive urine cytology. Since we have been involved in this trial, we have developed some recommendations that other institutions may want to follow. The tip of the laser fiber is very bright. To @entity735 and fatigue, a lens cap with a green eye shield should be used on the cytoscope. All staff should wear green-colored safety eye glasses. This will protect their eyes from constant exposure to the intense incandescent radiation, and if the fiber should break, it would protect their eyes from the bright red color. With all the extra equipment such as ultrasound, power meters, light sources, and anesthesia equipment, it is important to avoid tripping over extension cords. The cords should be covered. Also, it is important not to bump into the equipment, which can happen because the OR is dark. At this time, the laser technician is the only @entity1 authorized at our medical center to operate the @entity3503 -pumped tunable dye laser. In the future, if more research programs are started or therapy is approved for other uses, additional personnel will be trained.

title: Photodynamic laser therapy. A XXXX protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['decrease eye strain']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Successful unilateral or minimal-access parathyroid exploration and reoperative surgery of the parathyroid glands requires accurate preoperative localization of @entity8611 . Although ultrasound and nuclear imaging techniques have an established role in this regard, the use of computed tomography (CT) for parathyroid exploration is not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to better define the diagnostic utility of CT in preoperative localization of the abnormal gland in surgery for @entity2742 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: All parathyroid explorations performed at Oregon Health and Science University (Portland, OR) between 2000 and 2002 were reviewed. The study group was limited to @entity1 with @entity2742 in whom localization failed preoperatively using ultrasound and/or sestamibi scanning and subsequent investigation using CT imaging was performed. Operative, pathological, and imaging reports were then analyzed to assess the accuracy of CT imaging for localizing @entity8611 . RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity2742 were investigated preoperatively using CT imaging. Parathyroid exploration was successful in all but one @entity1 , leaving 21 @entity1 in all in the cohort. The majority of cases (67%) were reoperative, and all @entity1 had previously undergone inconclusive ultrasound and/or sestamibi scanning. Computed tomography correctly localized @entity8611 in 18 (86%) of the 21 @entity1 who underwent successful extirpation of @entity8611 and was able to identify abnormal glands with equal utility in the neck and the chest. CONCLUSION: When ultrasound or sestamibi are unsuccessful, CT imaging can provide valuable preoperative localizing information before surgery for @entity2742 , particularly in @entity1 with recurrent or persistent disease.

title: The diagnostic utility of computed tomography for preoperative localization in surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early abortion of a abdominal pregnancy is a rare gynecological emergency occurring in 1/10(4) pregnancies in the US. In unconscious @entity1 in the reproductive age this differential diagnosis has to be taken in mind for the choice of the therapeutic management. CASE: A 30- year-old @entity1 (II-gravida, I-para) suffering for about 18 hours from "upper @entity490 " was found in somnolent and in reduced conditions by her relatives. Unconscious and with all signs of a @entity548 , she was transferred to the emergency department of the UKBF. After stabilization of circulation, a diagnostic laparoscopy has been performed with the finding of about 2000 ml of coagulated and fresh blood, but without the confirmation of a extrauterine pregnancy (EUP): the small pelvis and his organs were without any signs of EUP. The laparoscopic approach has been changed into a secondary median laparotomy. After exclusion of other reasons for a @entity548 (such as @entity397 or gastrointestinal bleeding), and the complete removal of all intraabdominal blood clots, a embryo, his placenta and the place of placental insertion has been found in the mesenterium jejuni. The surgical procedure was finished in the usual way. The postoperative healing process was uncomplicated. CONCLUSIONS: Our case did meet Veits criteria of a abdominal pregnancy: intact embryo, no contact between @entity5274 , resp., but definitive insertion of the placenta in the distant peritoneum. In @entity1 in their reproductive age suffering from @entity548 , the exclusion of a ectopic pregnancy is essential. In the case of a vital emergency, and because of suboptimal management conditions (without a sufficient @entity1 history, lack of vaginal sonography, instable circulation because of delayed diagnosis), excluding the opportunity of a laparoscopic exploration, the correct diagnosis of the @entity5852 of a abdominal pregnancy has to be made by open surgery.

title: [Hemoperitoneum after XXXX of an abdominal pregnancy--reduced therapeutic options in case of delayed diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['early abortion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['placenta and fallopian tubes or ovaries']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['spleen rupture']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['early abortion']


abstract: We have examined the chromatin structure around the +1 transcriptional start site of the @entity19 alpha 2(I) collagen gene by studying the accessibility of DNA to several restriction enzymes as well as to @entity9828 . In NIH 3T3 cells, which express high levels of alpha 2(I) collagen mRNA, we detect a @entity9828 -hypersensitive site from -240 to +110 relative to the start site of transcription at +1. By digesting chromatin with restriction enzymes, which cleave naked DNA at multiple sites within the -2000 to +1000 region, a considerably more complex picture was revealed. DNA sequences upstream of around -550 and downstream of +150 are much less accessible to restriction enzymes than the region between these sites and are, therefore, probably packaged in a more compact conformation. The region from around -550 to -240 although not within the @entity9828 -hypersensitive domain is nevertheless accessible to restriction enzymes and, therefore, presumably in a relatively "open" conformation. In addition, beginning 5' to -100 there is a gradual decrease in restriction enzyme accessibility as one approaches +150. Of particular interest is the finding that although sites at +65 and +126 are relatively accessible, a HinfI site at +113 is resistant in chromatin. In v-mos transformed NIH 3T3 cells which express alpha 2(I) collagen at much lower levels than untransformed NIH 3T3 cells, the @entity9828 -hypersensitive site as well as the majority of the chromatin restriction enzyme accessibility patterns are similar to those found in untransformed NIH 3T3 cells. However, a SphI site at +58 appears less accessible in the transformed cells. We also examined the chromatin of a @entity1582 cell line which does not synthesize alpha 2(I) collagen at detectable levels. In the nuclei of these cells the DNA of the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter is inaccessible to @entity9828 and to all restriction enzymes.

title: Restriction enzyme digestions identify discrete domains in the chromatin around the promoter of the XXXX alpha 2(I) collagen gene.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: It has long been considered that autoimmune disease of the testis is prevented by sequestration of testis-specific autoantigens on germ cells behind the blood-testis (BT) barrier. However, we now have evidence that not all such antigens are sequestered. Some appear to reside on germ cells in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubule where they are accessible to antibodies and to circulating activated T cells. @entity19 immunized with syngeneic testis homogenate are found to have @entity13446 ( @entity13446 ) bound to cells in the basal compartment before onset of @entity11570 . This @entity13446 is absorbed from circulation by the testis and, therefore, found only in the serum of @entity19 orchiectomized before immunization. When the @entity13446 is eluted from the testis, it is found to react preferentially with testicular cells enriched in preleptotene spermatocytes. T cells from @entity19 immunized with testis can be transferred to naive syngeneic @entity19 where they infiltrate the testis to cause @entity11570 . This implies that the BT barrier does not need to be breached directly for specific T cells to have access to testicular autoantigens on antigen presenting cells. Thus, active systemic and/or local immunoregulatory mechanisms must operate to prevent @entity792 . These mechanisms may operate at the level of suppressor T cells, nonspecific suppression in the local environment of the testis, antigen presentation in the testis, or lymphocyte trafficking in the testis. These mechanisms probably operate only on the afferent limb of the immune response since they are overridden and @entity11570 occurs once testis-specific activated T cells are generated.

title: Evidence for active immunological regulation in prevention of XXXX independent of the blood-testis barrier.

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['testicular autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['testicular autoimmune disease']


abstract: Since November 1985, 14 neonates and young @entity1 have undergone orthotopic heart transplantation at Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC) as therapy for hypoplastic aortic tract complex. Eleven (78%) survived surgery and are living and well today. Three perioperative @entity204 resulted: one due to perforated peptic ulcer, one due to necrotizing @entity55 , and one due to graft failure unrelated to rejection. No late @entity204 occurred in the 1-29 months of follow-up, during which time noninvasive surveillance techniques were used. Immunosuppression was accomplished using @entity205 and @entity500 . @entity230 and antithymocyte globulin were used for identified rejection episodes only. @entity281 were tolerated well. All survivors were normotensive. There was no late @entity8 . Although inadequate donor resources remain a significant limiting factor for transplantation therapy during early life, these results suggest that cardiac transplantation is effective therapy for selected neonates and young @entity1 with incurable @entity299 .

title: Orthotopic transplantation during early infancy as therapy for incurable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Ordinary childhood infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1143 is uncommon at diagnosis of @entity3969 . Because the clinical significance of this finding has not been reported, a retrospective review of this entity was conducted. PROCEDURE: The radiology reports and medical records of 233 @entity1 with @entity3969 who were treated at St. Jude @entity1 's Research Hospital between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. RESULTS: Ten of the 233 @entity1 (4.3%) had @entity1143 detected on pre-nephrectomy imaging studies. Computed tomography (CT) scans were more sensitive than chest X-rays in identifying @entity1143 . All of the @entity1 with @entity1143 had @entity5 of favorable histology. Two @entity1 had @entity34 , five had stage III disease, two had stage IV disease, and one had stage V (bilateral) disease. All of the effusions occurred on the same side as the primary @entity703 and six effusions were associated with @entity843 . The two effusions that were tapped were negative for @entity5 cells. All 10 @entity1 in our series were alive without recurrence with a median follow-up duration of 68 months, yet only two @entity1 were treated with lung irradiation. CONCLUSION: @entity1143 at presentation of @entity3969 is uncommon and not associated with adverse prognosis. We recommend that @entity1143 be tapped whenever feasible if the results will change therapy. @entity1 with @entity1143 that are small and difficult to tap may be treated according to their local stage without pulmonary irradiation. Further analysis of @entity1143 in a larger group of @entity1 is necessary to confirm our preliminary observations.

title: Significance of XXXX at diagnosis of @entity3969 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1143 is uncommon at diagnosis of @entity3969 . Because the clinical significance of this finding has not been reported, a retrospective review of this entity was conducted. PROCEDURE: The radiology reports and medical records of 233 @entity1 with @entity3969 who were treated at St. Jude @entity1 's Research Hospital between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. RESULTS: Ten of the 233 @entity1 (4.3%) had @entity1143 detected on pre-nephrectomy imaging studies. Computed tomography (CT) scans were more sensitive than chest X-rays in identifying @entity1143 . All of the @entity1 with @entity1143 had @entity5 of favorable histology. Two @entity1 had @entity34 , five had stage III disease, two had stage IV disease, and one had stage V (bilateral) disease. All of the effusions occurred on the same side as the primary @entity703 and six effusions were associated with @entity843 . The two effusions that were tapped were negative for @entity5 cells. All 10 @entity1 in our series were alive without recurrence with a median follow-up duration of 68 months, yet only two @entity1 were treated with lung irradiation. CONCLUSION: @entity1143 at presentation of @entity3969 is uncommon and not associated with adverse prognosis. We recommend that @entity1143 be tapped whenever feasible if the results will change therapy. @entity1 with @entity1143 that are small and difficult to tap may be treated according to their local stage without pulmonary irradiation. Further analysis of @entity1143 in a larger group of @entity1 is necessary to confirm our preliminary observations.

title: Significance of @entity1143 at diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']


abstract: Abnormal @entity141 inward current through cardiac @entity141 channels during @entity63 has been shown to be an initial signal for activation of myocardial @entity141 -dependent enzymes. This study investigated the contribution of cardiac L- and T-type @entity141 channels in the calpain-mediated @entity296 following @entity583 . @entity583 was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. Infarcted @entity35 were orally treated with placebo, @entity3591 (L-channel blockade; 4 mg/kg/day) or mibefradil (L-/T-channel blockade; 10 mg/kg/day) beginning 7 days before induction of @entity583 . Gene expression, protein levels and enzyme activity of calpains I and II were measured 1, 3, 7 and 14 days postcoronary occlusion in the noninfarcted and @entity1188 . Infarct size, @entity5988 and interstitial collagen volume fraction were determined in picrosirius red-stained hearts. @entity583 induced an up-regulation of calpain I mRNA, protein and activity in the noninfarcted @entity1562 (maximum 14 days postinfarction), whereas mRNA, protein and activity of calpain II were maximally increased in the @entity1188 3 days postinfarction. Fourteen days postinfarction, @entity1188 size was 49%, the left ventricle was dilated and interstitial collagen volume fraction was increased. @entity3591 -inhibited mRNA, protein and activity up-regulation of calpain I decreased interstitial collagen volume fraction and @entity1188 size. @entity946 -attenuated mRNA, protein and activity up-regulation of calpain II at all four time points measured and of calpain I at 7 and 14 days postinfarction reduced @entity1188 size and prevented @entity5988 . @entity1188 -induced @entity1283 was accompanied by an up-regulation of calpain I, whereas calpain II was up-regulated in the @entity1188 . Cardiac L- and T-type @entity141 channel blockade differentially reduced postinfarction remodeling associated with selective inhibition of cardiac calpains I and II, respectively.

title: Calcium channel blockade limits transcriptional, translational and functional up-regulation of the cardiac calpain system after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['Mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcted myocardium', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine', 'Amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Cell division cycle (cdc) mutants of @entity375 were used to determine the most effective stage for the directional control of cell budding using an electric stimulus. The selected mutants were @entity35683 and @entity11869 , which could be reversibly arrested before spindle pole body satellite formation (SPBSF) and spindle pole body duplication (SPBD), respectively. The budding direction (theta) was defined so that the direction parallel to that of the electric field was 0 degree. Considering the symmetry of the experimental conditions, the range of theta was defined as 0-90 degrees. The electric stimulus applied in the present study was alternating pulses (pulse height, +/- 15 V; pulse width at half pulse height, 5 microseconds; frequency; 10 kHz). The peak height of the cross membrane potential was estimated as 472 mV, which was sufficient to induce considerable strain in the cell membrane. In the case of @entity35683 , the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the budding direction was 7-25 degrees when subjected to electric stimulus, while the 95% CI of the budding direction without electric stimulus was 35-57 degrees. In the case of @entity11869 , 95% CI values of the budding direction with and without electric stimulus were 1229 degrees and 23-56 degrees, respectively. These results demonstrate that the stage after SPBD is effective for the directional control of @entity375 cell budding using an electric stimulus. Simultaneously, an electric stimulus reduced the cell budding time of both the cdc mutants used. Therefore, the electric stimulus was also effective in promoting cell cycle progression under the present conditions.

title: Effective stage in the cell cycle for control of the budding direction of cdc mutants of XXXX using electric stimulus.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: @entity1168 and conduction disturbances are not infrequently observed in association with acute MI. The sinus node artery is supplied by the right coronary circulation only slightly more often than the left. As a result of concomitant vagotonia, however, @entity1817 is more common with inferior @entity1188 . This influence, as well as a predominantly right-sided circulation, also makes AV @entity616 more frequent with such @entity1188 . @entity1168 due to @entity1817 often require only observation. If symptomatic, they are usually responsive to vagolytic or chronotropic drugs, but may necessitate pacemaker therapy often only on a temporary basis. The distal conduction system including the bundle branches is supplied mainly, but not exclusively, by the left anterior descending artery. Thus, @entity5036 is often associated with anterior MI. The indications for both temporary and permanent prophylactic pacing in this situation remain controversial. Several authors have made recommendations based on risk stratification. We would temporarily pace @entity1 with anterior or indeterminate @entity1188 and new right or @entity714 , and probably those with @entity5036 of indeterminate age. All @entity1 with new bilateral or @entity5036 should be paced, regardless of @entity1188 site. Permanent prophylactic pacing would appear indicated in @entity1 exhibiting @entity5036 or perhaps new @entity714 and @entity1002 . In contrast to this group, the treatment of @entity1 who develop @entity616 , whether transient or permanent, is clear-cut. These @entity1 require continuous (temporary followed without interruption by permanent) pacemaker therapy (Table 3).

title: XXXX , @entity616 , and indications for pacing in acute myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left posterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus or AV nodal dysfunction', 'sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral bundle branch block', 'acute bundle branch block', 'alternating bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nodal block', 'sudden complete heart block']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['Bradyarrhythmias']


abstract: @entity1168 and conduction disturbances are not infrequently observed in association with acute MI. The sinus node artery is supplied by the right coronary circulation only slightly more often than the left. As a result of concomitant vagotonia, however, @entity1817 is more common with inferior @entity1188 . This influence, as well as a predominantly right-sided circulation, also makes AV @entity616 more frequent with such @entity1188 . @entity1168 due to @entity1817 often require only observation. If symptomatic, they are usually responsive to vagolytic or chronotropic drugs, but may necessitate pacemaker therapy often only on a temporary basis. The distal conduction system including the bundle branches is supplied mainly, but not exclusively, by the left anterior descending artery. Thus, @entity5036 is often associated with anterior MI. The indications for both temporary and permanent prophylactic pacing in this situation remain controversial. Several authors have made recommendations based on risk stratification. We would temporarily pace @entity1 with anterior or indeterminate @entity1188 and new right or @entity714 , and probably those with @entity5036 of indeterminate age. All @entity1 with new bilateral or @entity5036 should be paced, regardless of @entity1188 site. Permanent prophylactic pacing would appear indicated in @entity1 exhibiting @entity5036 or perhaps new @entity714 and @entity1002 . In contrast to this group, the treatment of @entity1 who develop @entity616 , whether transient or permanent, is clear-cut. These @entity1 require continuous (temporary followed without interruption by permanent) pacemaker therapy (Table 3).

title: @entity1168 , XXXX , and indications for pacing in acute myocardial infarction.

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['abnormalities of conduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burned @entity1 demonstrate resistance to the effects of non-depolarizing blocking drugs as a result of @entity934 receptor changes. They also have decreased activity of plasma cholinesterase (PCHE), which metabolizes mivacurium. We hypothesized that decreased PCHE activity would decrease metabolism of mivacurium, and counteract the receptor-related resistance following burns. METHODS: Thirteen burned @entity1 and six controls, aged 13-18 yr were followed in 27 studies. The burned @entity1 were sub-classified as having 10-30% or >30% body surface area burn and were studied whenever possible at < or =6 days, and at 1-12 weeks after the burn. Mivacurium pharmacodynamics were examined following a bolus (0.15 mg kg(-1)) dose, and during and after a continuous infusion. RESULTS: Following a bolus, the onset time and the maximal effect were similar to controls. Recovery was prolonged in the 10-30% burn group at 1-12 weeks (P<0.008), with a similar trend in the >30% burn group at < or =6 days (P<0.082) compared with controls. The infusion requirements for mivacurium were not increased in the burned groups. The PCHE activity was decreased in all burn groups and was inversely related to recovery following the bolus (r=0.73, P<0.001) and the infusion (r=0.69, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous studies with non-depolarizers in burned @entity1 , normal mivacurium doses can produce paralysis, at least as rapidly as in controls, but with a possibility of a prolonged recovery from block. The standard dose of @entity24478 in the presence of decreased PCHE activity is in effect, a relative @entity1445 that explains the above findings. @entity24478 is an effective drug for use in burns, irrespective of time after, or magnitude of @entity130 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of XXXX in 13- to 18-yr-old adolescents with @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity24478 :: ('MESH:C049430', 'Chemical') :: ['mivacurium', 'Mivacurium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity24478 :: (MESH:C049430,Chemical) :: ['mivacurium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burned @entity1 demonstrate resistance to the effects of non-depolarizing blocking drugs as a result of @entity934 receptor changes. They also have decreased activity of plasma cholinesterase (PCHE), which metabolizes mivacurium. We hypothesized that decreased PCHE activity would decrease metabolism of mivacurium, and counteract the receptor-related resistance following burns. METHODS: Thirteen burned @entity1 and six controls, aged 13-18 yr were followed in 27 studies. The burned @entity1 were sub-classified as having 10-30% or >30% body surface area burn and were studied whenever possible at < or =6 days, and at 1-12 weeks after the burn. Mivacurium pharmacodynamics were examined following a bolus (0.15 mg kg(-1)) dose, and during and after a continuous infusion. RESULTS: Following a bolus, the onset time and the maximal effect were similar to controls. Recovery was prolonged in the 10-30% burn group at 1-12 weeks (P<0.008), with a similar trend in the >30% burn group at < or =6 days (P<0.082) compared with controls. The infusion requirements for mivacurium were not increased in the burned groups. The PCHE activity was decreased in all burn groups and was inversely related to recovery following the bolus (r=0.73, P<0.001) and the infusion (r=0.69, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous studies with non-depolarizers in burned @entity1 , normal mivacurium doses can produce paralysis, at least as rapidly as in controls, but with a possibility of a prolonged recovery from block. The standard dose of @entity24478 in the presence of decreased PCHE activity is in effect, a relative @entity1445 that explains the above findings. @entity24478 is an effective drug for use in burns, irrespective of time after, or magnitude of @entity130 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of @entity24478 in 13- to 18-yr-old adolescents with XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thermal injury']


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity10719 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity2165 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity7690 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity1169 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity101 @entity1 . With @entity7690 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity7690 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity916 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 . Pretreatment values of active @entity916 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity1063 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity916 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity1063 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity10719 , @entity2165 , @entity7690 , and XXXX in @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity10719 :: ('MESH:D000070', 'Chemical') :: ['acebutolol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity10719 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity2165 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity7690 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity1169 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity101 @entity1 . With @entity7690 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity7690 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity916 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 . Pretreatment values of active @entity916 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity1063 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity916 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity1063 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity10719 , XXXX , @entity7690 , and @entity1169 in @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2165 :: (MESH:D001262,Chemical) :: ['atenolol']


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity10719 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity2165 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity7690 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity1169 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity101 @entity1 . With @entity7690 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity7690 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity916 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 . Pretreatment values of active @entity916 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity1063 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity916 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity1063 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity10719 , @entity2165 , XXXX , and @entity1169 in @entity101 @entity1 .

answer: @entity7690 :: (MESH:D010869,Chemical) :: ['pindolol']


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity10719 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity2165 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity7690 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity1169 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity101 @entity1 . With @entity7690 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity7690 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity916 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 . Pretreatment values of active @entity916 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity1063 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity916 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity1063 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of XXXX , @entity2165 , @entity7690 , and @entity1169 in @entity101 @entity1 .

answer: @entity10719 :: (MESH:D000070,Chemical) :: ['acebutolol']


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity10719 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity2165 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity7690 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity1169 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity101 @entity1 . With @entity7690 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity7690 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity916 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 . Pretreatment values of active @entity916 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity1063 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity916 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity1063 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity10719 , @entity2165 , @entity7690 , and @entity1169 in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity10719 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity2165 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity7690 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity1169 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity101 @entity1 . With @entity7690 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity7690 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity916 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 . Pretreatment values of active @entity916 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity1063 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity916 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity1063 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity10719 , @entity2165 , @entity7690 , and @entity1169 in @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Using a monoclonal antibody to macrophage migration inhibition factor ( @entity6785 ), two proteins were isolated from supernatants of Concanavalin A-stimulated @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells which seem to have complexed to a third component carrying the @entity6785 activity. They are therefore designated @entity6785 -related proteins or @entity2757 and @entity7966 according to their apparent molecular weights. Partial @entity535 sequences have been determined and their cDNA have been cloned and expressed in @entity526 . Both are @entity460 -binding proteins and @entity2757 seems to be largely homologous to the @entity2757 (Dorin et al., 1987). Antisera were raised in the @entity95 against the recombinant proteins and their expression in cells and tissues studied using immunohistological techniques. The proteins are only found in blood granulocytes and monocytes. In culture the number of positive monocytes sharply increased and then declined with time, suggesting that their expression is associated with early stages of monocyte/macrophage differentiation and absent from resident macrophages in all tested tissues. In acute inflammatory reactions, e.g. @entity2522 , @entity2757 is never seen in the tissue, whereas @entity7966 is expressed by intravascular monocytes and perivascular macrophages. In contrast, in @entity32 , e.g. @entity309 , @entity2757 is also expressed by macrophages in the tissue. From this it is concluded that @entity2757 and @entity7966 are expressed sequentially at defined stages of monocyte/macrophage differentiation and that dysregulation of this process in @entity32 is mirrored by the presence of @entity2757 -positive macrophages in the tissue.

title: Two XXXX -binding proteins associated with specific stages of myeloid cell differentiation are expressed by subsets of macrophages in inflammatory tissues.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Gene') :: ['MRP-8', 'cystic fibrosis antigen']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Reduced-intensity or nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) is designed to induce host-versus-graft tolerance by engraftment of donor stem cells. The rationale behind NST is to induce @entity2132 (GVL) effects for elimination of all malignant cells by donor alloreactive immunocompetent cells as an alternative to standard high-dose myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. NST based on the use of @entity3118 , low-dose @entity1863 , and anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) was employed in 24 @entity1 aged 3 to 63 years with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in first chronic phase (CP). @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of low-dose @entity205 (CSP), in some cases with low-dose @entity1499 . Early discontinuation of CSP was attempted in cases of mixed chimerism in an attempt to amplify GVL effects. All 24 @entity1 showed rapid 3-lineage engraftment, mostly without complete @entity3894 ; 6 @entity1 did not require transfusion of any blood products. NST was associated with minimal procedure-related @entity137 . The incidence of acute @entity2132 (grade I or higher) was 54%; however, this incidence increased following CSP withdrawal. After a follow-up of up to 70 months (median, 42 months), 21 of 24 @entity1 remained alive and disease free. The GVL effects induced by donor immunocompetent lymphocytes eradicated all host hematopoietic cells, as evidenced by molecular testing. The Kaplan-Meier probability of survival and disease-free survival at 5 years is 85% +/- 8% (95% confidence interval, 70%-100%). NST may successfully replace myeloablative stem cell transplantation, providing a safer, well-tolerated therapeutic option for all @entity1 with @entity1860 in first CP with a matched donor. However, this conclusion must be tested in a prospective randomized clinical trial.

title: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of XXXX in first chronic phase.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease', 'optimal graft-versus-leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Gross excision of the @entity5 followed by radiotherapy is used for treatment of early @entity0 . Local recurrence after this form of treatment is uncommon except in @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 whose excision specimens reveal an @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ). It is unclear whether this observation is due to a qualitative difference in the response of @entity5 with @entity2483 to radiation or to a quantitative difference in the @entity5 burden remaining after gross excision in @entity1 with @entity2483 . To address this question, the authors examined pathologic material in 71 @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 treated with gross excision of the @entity5 and then selected for re-excision of the @entity5 site prior to radiotherapy because of the presence of either @entity2483 in the primary excision specimen or microscopic @entity5 at or close to margins in the initial excision. @entity189 was seen in 62% of all @entity1 but was more frequent among the 25 @entity1 with @entity2483 than the 46 without (88% vs. 48%, P = 0.002). The nature of the @entity41 differed for @entity1 with and without @entity2483 in the primary excision specimen. @entity189 in @entity1 with @entity2483 was often widespread and composed predominantly of @entity3821 . In contrast, @entity41 in @entity1 without @entity2483 usually consisted of only scattered microscopic foci of infiltrating and/or @entity3821 . The authors conclude that @entity1 with @entity2483 treated with gross excision of the @entity5 frequently have considerable residual @entity3821 near the primary site. This finding may account for the increased risk of local recurrence observed in @entity1 with @entity2483 treated without re-excision of the @entity5 site before radiation therapy.

title: Pathologic findings on re-excision of the primary site in XXXX @entity1 considered for treatment by primary radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['EIC', 'extensive intraductal component']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Gross excision of the @entity5 followed by radiotherapy is used for treatment of early @entity0 . Local recurrence after this form of treatment is uncommon except in @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 whose excision specimens reveal an @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ). It is unclear whether this observation is due to a qualitative difference in the response of @entity5 with @entity2483 to radiation or to a quantitative difference in the @entity5 burden remaining after gross excision in @entity1 with @entity2483 . To address this question, the authors examined pathologic material in 71 @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 treated with gross excision of the @entity5 and then selected for re-excision of the @entity5 site prior to radiotherapy because of the presence of either @entity2483 in the primary excision specimen or microscopic @entity5 at or close to margins in the initial excision. @entity189 was seen in 62% of all @entity1 but was more frequent among the 25 @entity1 with @entity2483 than the 46 without (88% vs. 48%, P = 0.002). The nature of the @entity41 differed for @entity1 with and without @entity2483 in the primary excision specimen. @entity189 in @entity1 with @entity2483 was often widespread and composed predominantly of @entity3821 . In contrast, @entity41 in @entity1 without @entity2483 usually consisted of only scattered microscopic foci of infiltrating and/or @entity3821 . The authors conclude that @entity1 with @entity2483 treated with gross excision of the @entity5 frequently have considerable residual @entity3821 near the primary site. This finding may account for the increased risk of local recurrence observed in @entity1 with @entity2483 treated without re-excision of the @entity5 site before radiation therapy.

title: Pathologic findings on re-excision of the primary site in @entity0 XXXX considered for treatment by primary radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity1286 titration frequently induces sedation. The assumption is made that @entity1 sleep when their @entity158 is relieved. Some @entity1 complain of persistent @entity158 when they awake. We studied the time-course of sedation and @entity1337 to understand the determinants of @entity1 ' sleep during @entity1286 titration. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 requiring @entity1286 titration in a post-anaesthetic care unit after major surgery, were studied. Fifty-two @entity1 slept (Sleep group) and 21 did not (Awake group). When a @entity1 slept during titration, @entity1286 was discontinued. Visual analogue @entity158 scale (VAS), Ramsay score (RS), and the bispectral index (BIS) were recorded at the beginning of titration (STonset), at sleep onset (STsleep), then 5, 10, 20, and 30 min afterwards ( @entity23169 ). RESULTS: In the Sleep group, mean (SD) RS increased from 1.7 (0.4) to 2.4 (0.6) (P<0.05 vs STonset) and BIS decreased from 95 (5.0) to 89.8 (10.2) between STonset and STsleep (P<0.05), RS remained stable thereafter. Conversely, RS and BIS remained unaltered in the Awake group. The reduction in VAS was comparable between groups (from 78 (17) to 39 (21), and from 64 (16) to 30.4 (11), respectively). Even though mean (SD) VAS was 39 (21) at @entity23169 in the Sleep group, 13 @entity1 (25%) maintained a VAS above 50 mm. CONCLUSION: We observed dissociated effects of @entity1286 on the time-course of sedation and @entity1337 with sedation occurring first, followed by @entity1337 . Therefore, @entity1286 -induced sedation should not be considered as an indicator of an appropriate correct level of @entity1337 during i.v. @entity1286 titration.

title: Is @entity1286 -induced sedation synonymous with XXXX during intravenous @entity1286 titration?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity1286 titration frequently induces sedation. The assumption is made that @entity1 sleep when their @entity158 is relieved. Some @entity1 complain of persistent @entity158 when they awake. We studied the time-course of sedation and @entity1337 to understand the determinants of @entity1 ' sleep during @entity1286 titration. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 requiring @entity1286 titration in a post-anaesthetic care unit after major surgery, were studied. Fifty-two @entity1 slept (Sleep group) and 21 did not (Awake group). When a @entity1 slept during titration, @entity1286 was discontinued. Visual analogue @entity158 scale (VAS), Ramsay score (RS), and the bispectral index (BIS) were recorded at the beginning of titration (STonset), at sleep onset (STsleep), then 5, 10, 20, and 30 min afterwards ( @entity23169 ). RESULTS: In the Sleep group, mean (SD) RS increased from 1.7 (0.4) to 2.4 (0.6) (P<0.05 vs STonset) and BIS decreased from 95 (5.0) to 89.8 (10.2) between STonset and STsleep (P<0.05), RS remained stable thereafter. Conversely, RS and BIS remained unaltered in the Awake group. The reduction in VAS was comparable between groups (from 78 (17) to 39 (21), and from 64 (16) to 30.4 (11), respectively). Even though mean (SD) VAS was 39 (21) at @entity23169 in the Sleep group, 13 @entity1 (25%) maintained a VAS above 50 mm. CONCLUSION: We observed dissociated effects of @entity1286 on the time-course of sedation and @entity1337 with sedation occurring first, followed by @entity1337 . Therefore, @entity1286 -induced sedation should not be considered as an indicator of an appropriate correct level of @entity1337 during i.v. @entity1286 titration.

title: Is XXXX -induced sedation synonymous with @entity1337 during intravenous @entity1286 titration?

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity1286 titration frequently induces sedation. The assumption is made that @entity1 sleep when their @entity158 is relieved. Some @entity1 complain of persistent @entity158 when they awake. We studied the time-course of sedation and @entity1337 to understand the determinants of @entity1 ' sleep during @entity1286 titration. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 requiring @entity1286 titration in a post-anaesthetic care unit after major surgery, were studied. Fifty-two @entity1 slept (Sleep group) and 21 did not (Awake group). When a @entity1 slept during titration, @entity1286 was discontinued. Visual analogue @entity158 scale (VAS), Ramsay score (RS), and the bispectral index (BIS) were recorded at the beginning of titration (STonset), at sleep onset (STsleep), then 5, 10, 20, and 30 min afterwards ( @entity23169 ). RESULTS: In the Sleep group, mean (SD) RS increased from 1.7 (0.4) to 2.4 (0.6) (P<0.05 vs STonset) and BIS decreased from 95 (5.0) to 89.8 (10.2) between STonset and STsleep (P<0.05), RS remained stable thereafter. Conversely, RS and BIS remained unaltered in the Awake group. The reduction in VAS was comparable between groups (from 78 (17) to 39 (21), and from 64 (16) to 30.4 (11), respectively). Even though mean (SD) VAS was 39 (21) at @entity23169 in the Sleep group, 13 @entity1 (25%) maintained a VAS above 50 mm. CONCLUSION: We observed dissociated effects of @entity1286 on the time-course of sedation and @entity1337 with sedation occurring first, followed by @entity1337 . Therefore, @entity1286 -induced sedation should not be considered as an indicator of an appropriate correct level of @entity1337 during i.v. @entity1286 titration.

title: Is @entity1286 -induced sedation synonymous with @entity1337 during intravenous XXXX titration?

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity4140 --of anticholinergic effect--and the H2-receptor blocking @entity4444 has been studied in duodenal @entity1066 with random, double blind fashion. Recurrence examinations were carried out 6 and 12 months following the treatment. 50 @entity1 were given @entity4140 and 50 @entity4444 . The average age of the @entity1 was 44.5 and 43.8 years respectively. Of them 60 (24 + 36) were @entity1 and 40 (26 + 14) @entity1 . At the start, 6 weeks following the start 6 and 12 months after the finishing of the treatment gastroscopy was performed. In the course of the six-week-long treatment 38 (76%) of the @entity4140 taking @entity1 and 36 (72%) of the @entity4444 taking @entity1 recovered. No significant difference was found between the efficacy of the both treatments. In the respect of the half and one year recurrence, no significant difference was observed between the two @entity1 groups. Ten of the @entity1 taking @entity4140 and 4 of those taking @entity4444 complained of side effects. @entity2133 , visual disturbance in the former group and @entity1142 in the latter one. On the basis of the examinations both secretion inhibitors were found equally suitable for the therapy of duodenal @entity1066 .

title: [ @entity4140 and @entity4444 in the treatment of duodenal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Dryness of mouth']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepin']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']