abstract: The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of @entity1 @entity14 have been assessed in athymic @entity19 . Surgical specimens were obtained from @entity14 or from @entity3 of different @entity1 . Primary @entity14 and their synchronous liver @entity3 were obtained from three @entity1 . After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into @entity19 , @entity5 cells originating from @entity3 showed a higher take than those from @entity5 . In general, metastasis-derived @entity5 had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived @entity5 . This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous @entity3 in @entity19 . To investigate the malignant potential of @entity14 in the nude @entity19 , @entity5 cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung @entity3 ) and in the spleen (artificial liver @entity3 ). Colorectal-derived @entity5 cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of @entity5 was the @entity5 cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of @entity19 appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each @entity5 cell population. @entity1 @entity14 were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity19 . Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. @entity1 @entity14 with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude @entity19 provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer @entity3 .

title: The nude @entity19 for the study of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of @entity1 @entity14 have been assessed in athymic @entity19 . Surgical specimens were obtained from @entity14 or from @entity3 of different @entity1 . Primary @entity14 and their synchronous liver @entity3 were obtained from three @entity1 . After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into @entity19 , @entity5 cells originating from @entity3 showed a higher take than those from @entity5 . In general, metastasis-derived @entity5 had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived @entity5 . This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous @entity3 in @entity19 . To investigate the malignant potential of @entity14 in the nude @entity19 , @entity5 cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung @entity3 ) and in the spleen (artificial liver @entity3 ). Colorectal-derived @entity5 cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of @entity5 was the @entity5 cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of @entity19 appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each @entity5 cell population. @entity1 @entity14 were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity19 . Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. @entity1 @entity14 with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude @entity19 provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer @entity3 .

title: The nude XXXX for the study of @entity1 @entity14 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of @entity1 @entity14 have been assessed in athymic @entity19 . Surgical specimens were obtained from @entity14 or from @entity3 of different @entity1 . Primary @entity14 and their synchronous liver @entity3 were obtained from three @entity1 . After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into @entity19 , @entity5 cells originating from @entity3 showed a higher take than those from @entity5 . In general, metastasis-derived @entity5 had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived @entity5 . This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous @entity3 in @entity19 . To investigate the malignant potential of @entity14 in the nude @entity19 , @entity5 cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung @entity3 ) and in the spleen (artificial liver @entity3 ). Colorectal-derived @entity5 cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of @entity5 was the @entity5 cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of @entity19 appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each @entity5 cell population. @entity1 @entity14 were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity19 . Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. @entity1 @entity14 with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude @entity19 provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer @entity3 .

title: The nude @entity19 for the study of XXXX @entity14 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1536 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity2176 for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity71084 , @entity2177 , @entity4258 , and @entity2176 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity2177 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity2177 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity2177 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity2177 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity2177 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity2177 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity2177 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity2177 at 48 h. @entity71084 and @entity4258 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity2176 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity2177 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity1536 antibiotics and XXXX against @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 by time-kill kinetic studies.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity71084 :: ('MESH:C040691', 'Chemical') :: ['Amifloxacin', 'amifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: @entity1536 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity2176 for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity71084 , @entity2177 , @entity4258 , and @entity2176 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity2177 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity2177 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity2177 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity2177 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity2177 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity2177 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity2177 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity2177 at 48 h. @entity71084 and @entity4258 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity2176 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity2177 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity1536 antibiotics and @entity2176 against @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant XXXX by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: @entity1536 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity2176 for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity71084 , @entity2177 , @entity4258 , and @entity2176 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity2177 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity2177 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity2177 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity2177 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity2177 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity2177 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity2177 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity2177 at 48 h. @entity71084 and @entity4258 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity2176 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity2177 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity1536 antibiotics and @entity2176 against XXXX - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: @entity1536 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity2176 for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity71084 , @entity2177 , @entity4258 , and @entity2176 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity2177 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity2177 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity2177 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity2177 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity2177 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity2177 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity2177 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity2177 at 48 h. @entity71084 and @entity4258 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity2176 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity2177 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity1536 antibiotics and @entity2176 against @entity801 - and XXXX -resistant @entity794 by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: @entity1536 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity2176 for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity71084 , @entity2177 , @entity4258 , and @entity2176 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity2177 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity2177 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity2177 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity2177 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity2177 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity2177 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity2177 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity2177 at 48 h. @entity71084 and @entity4258 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity2176 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity2177 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of XXXX antibiotics and @entity2176 against @entity801 - and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']


abstract: A peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt was inserted in 39 @entity1 with @entity82 and intractable @entity843 . Based on the results of previous experience, the following procedures were performed to improve outcome: 1) intraoperative drainage of most of the @entity843 ; 2) short-term antibiotic prophylaxis by @entity12092 ; 3) the use of a @entity702 venous catheter tip. There was no operative mortality. Operative morbidity was minimal. Mean postoperative in-hospital stay was 19 +/- 5 days. Two @entity1 had recurrence of @entity843 . This resulted from obstruction of the valve in one @entity1 and of occlusion of the venous catheter in the second @entity1 . One-year probability of shunt failure was 5.8 p. 100. Among the long-term complications, variceal bleeding was the most frequent as it occurred in 8 @entity1 and was responsible for @entity204 in 6. One-year probability of variceal bleeding was 18.6 p. 100. Overall one-year survival was 68 p. 100, 79 p. 100 in the group of 19 @entity1 with Pugh scores of 8 and less, 58 p. 100 in the group of 20 @entity1 with Pugh scores greater than 8. These results suggest that technically improved peritoneovenous shunting is a low operative risk surgical procedure with high efficiency in the treatment of intractable @entity843 in @entity82 .

title: [Peritoneovenous shunting in intractable XXXX of @entity82 . Results of a prospective study on improving prognostic factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity12092 :: ('MESH:D015313', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotetan']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: A peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt was inserted in 39 @entity1 with @entity82 and intractable @entity843 . Based on the results of previous experience, the following procedures were performed to improve outcome: 1) intraoperative drainage of most of the @entity843 ; 2) short-term antibiotic prophylaxis by @entity12092 ; 3) the use of a @entity702 venous catheter tip. There was no operative mortality. Operative morbidity was minimal. Mean postoperative in-hospital stay was 19 +/- 5 days. Two @entity1 had recurrence of @entity843 . This resulted from obstruction of the valve in one @entity1 and of occlusion of the venous catheter in the second @entity1 . One-year probability of shunt failure was 5.8 p. 100. Among the long-term complications, variceal bleeding was the most frequent as it occurred in 8 @entity1 and was responsible for @entity204 in 6. One-year probability of variceal bleeding was 18.6 p. 100. Overall one-year survival was 68 p. 100, 79 p. 100 in the group of 19 @entity1 with Pugh scores of 8 and less, 58 p. 100 in the group of 20 @entity1 with Pugh scores greater than 8. These results suggest that technically improved peritoneovenous shunting is a low operative risk surgical procedure with high efficiency in the treatment of intractable @entity843 in @entity82 .

title: [Peritoneovenous shunting in intractable @entity843 of XXXX . Results of a prospective study on improving prognostic factors].

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is a risk factor for developing @entity454 and @entity65 . Mutations in @entity21188 have been shown to cause @entity1985 . Recently, a functional polymorphism of this gene ( @entity71085 ) was described and associated with a maturity-onset form of @entity1985 . We have investigated whether the carrier status of this novel genetic variant is associated with microalbuminuria in individuals from the general population. METHODS: Demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, and renal phenotypes in 1577 individuals from a cross-sectional-based study were collected following the general guidelines of the WHO-MONICA project (monitoring trends and determinants in @entity65 ). Blood and urine samples were obtained. Microalbuminuria was determined using a semiquantitative protocol, and DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes. RESULTS: A strong association was found between the 229Q allele and microalbuminuria (P= 0.008). The presence of the 229Q allele was still associated with a 2.77-fold increased risk of presenting microalbuminuria even after adjustment for age, ethnicity, @entity101 , @entity28 , and @entity6 in a multiple logistic regression model. In addition, a statistically significant interaction was identified between the presence of the 229Q allele and body mass index (BMI) (P= 0.01), suggesting an additive effect between the 229Q allele and other risk factors for microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: These data have important implications for the understanding of microalbuminuria in the general population and may contribute to better ways of disease prediction and prevention.

title: @entity21188 XXXX functional variant is associated with microalbuminuria in the general population.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-recessive nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity71085 :: (p|SUB|R|229|Q,ProteinMutation) :: ['R229Q']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is a risk factor for developing @entity454 and @entity65 . Mutations in @entity21188 have been shown to cause @entity1985 . Recently, a functional polymorphism of this gene ( @entity71085 ) was described and associated with a maturity-onset form of @entity1985 . We have investigated whether the carrier status of this novel genetic variant is associated with microalbuminuria in individuals from the general population. METHODS: Demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, and renal phenotypes in 1577 individuals from a cross-sectional-based study were collected following the general guidelines of the WHO-MONICA project (monitoring trends and determinants in @entity65 ). Blood and urine samples were obtained. Microalbuminuria was determined using a semiquantitative protocol, and DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes. RESULTS: A strong association was found between the 229Q allele and microalbuminuria (P= 0.008). The presence of the 229Q allele was still associated with a 2.77-fold increased risk of presenting microalbuminuria even after adjustment for age, ethnicity, @entity101 , @entity28 , and @entity6 in a multiple logistic regression model. In addition, a statistically significant interaction was identified between the presence of the 229Q allele and body mass index (BMI) (P= 0.01), suggesting an additive effect between the 229Q allele and other risk factors for microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: These data have important implications for the understanding of microalbuminuria in the general population and may contribute to better ways of disease prediction and prevention.

title: XXXX @entity71085 functional variant is associated with microalbuminuria in the general population.

answer: @entity21188 :: (7827,Gene) :: ['NPHS2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) treatment often develop autoantibodies. Apoptotic cell antigens are a potential initiating stimulus for autoantibodies. Our goal was to verify whether anti-cytokine therapy causes the release of nucleosomes, a major autoantigen generated during cell @entity204 . DESIGN: Laboratory research study with comparison group. SETTING: Clinical Immunology Unit and Lab, H San Raffaele University Hospital, Italy. SUBJECTS: Eleven healthy controls and 87 @entity627 @entity1 were studied, including 51 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 33 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). INTERVENTIONS: Vein blood samples were taken via the antecubital vein. Blood was retrieved from 11 @entity1 before and after injection of anti- @entity310 humanized antibodies. Nucleosomes were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell @entity204 induced by anti- @entity310 antibodies and by the soluble cytokine was assessed in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nucleosome level by treatment. RESULTS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay effectively detected nucleosomes either released by dying cells in vitro or circulating in the plasma. @entity1252 but not @entity309 @entity1 had circulating nucleosomes at the steady state. Eight of 11 @entity1 had significantly higher levels of plasma nucleosomes after infliximab. Minute amounts of @entity310 enabled infliximab to induce cell @entity204 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of nucleosomes possibly fosters the development of autoantibodies in subjects with appropriate genetic backgrounds.

title: Accumulation of plasma nucleosomes upon treatment with anti- @entity5 XXXX factor-alpha antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) treatment often develop autoantibodies. Apoptotic cell antigens are a potential initiating stimulus for autoantibodies. Our goal was to verify whether anti-cytokine therapy causes the release of nucleosomes, a major autoantigen generated during cell @entity204 . DESIGN: Laboratory research study with comparison group. SETTING: Clinical Immunology Unit and Lab, H San Raffaele University Hospital, Italy. SUBJECTS: Eleven healthy controls and 87 @entity627 @entity1 were studied, including 51 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 33 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). INTERVENTIONS: Vein blood samples were taken via the antecubital vein. Blood was retrieved from 11 @entity1 before and after injection of anti- @entity310 humanized antibodies. Nucleosomes were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell @entity204 induced by anti- @entity310 antibodies and by the soluble cytokine was assessed in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nucleosome level by treatment. RESULTS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay effectively detected nucleosomes either released by dying cells in vitro or circulating in the plasma. @entity1252 but not @entity309 @entity1 had circulating nucleosomes at the steady state. Eight of 11 @entity1 had significantly higher levels of plasma nucleosomes after infliximab. Minute amounts of @entity310 enabled infliximab to induce cell @entity204 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of nucleosomes possibly fosters the development of autoantibodies in subjects with appropriate genetic backgrounds.

title: Accumulation of plasma nucleosomes upon treatment with anti- XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha antibodies.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: @entity3631 is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The presently available capsular polysaccharide vaccine is poorly immunogenic in @entity1 under the age of 2 due to its T-independent (TI) nature. Efforts to overcome the TI response elicited by the polysaccharide vaccine have led to the development of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Although a @entity734 ( @entity734 ) response can be achieved in young @entity1 , the response to the polysaccharide still retains characteristics of a TI antibody response. An alternative method of potentially inducing a @entity734 response to a @entity1735 antigen is through peptides that mimic the capsular polysaccharide. Our laboratory, through the production of an anti-idiotypic (anti-id) monoclonal antibody, designated 6F9, has previously identified a peptide mimic of the @entity10217 ( @entity10217 ). Using the same selecting monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1E4, we have screened a phage display library and identified 13 unique peptides that bound specifically to mAb1E4. Two peptides, Pep1C and Pep2C, that demonstrated the highest binding to mAb1E4, were selected, complexed to proteosomes, and used to immunize Balb/c @entity19 . Of the 13 peptide motifs, only one peptide motif, that of Pep2C, was found to resemble the immunogenic peptide sequence of the anti-id selected with the same mAb, although many contained several similar @entity535 residues. Immunization with Pep2C, but not Pep1C, induced a significant and functional anti- @entity10217 antibody response that conferred protection from a lethal challenge with meningococci. Our results indicate that immunization with a peptide of @entity3631 serogroup C, screened with the same mAb that selected an anti-id of @entity10217 , induces a functional and protective anti- @entity10217 immune response similar to that of the anti-id. This study demonstrates that two different selection methods, production of an anti-id and biopanning using a phage display library, can be used to select functional and protective peptides of @entity10217 with similar moieties.

title: Two different methods result in the selection of peptides that induce a protective antibody response to XXXX serogroup C.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['MCPS', 'meningococcal serogroup C polysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis', 'N. meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['T-dependent', 'TD']

answer: @entity3631 :: (487,Species) :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']


abstract: During a 6-month period, term @entity1 underwent nasal and umbilical swabbing within 96 hours of delivery and again at 1 to 18 (mean 3.8) weeks after discharge. Swabs were inoculated onto @entity1641 blood agar and all @entity794 isolates were phage typed. Two hundred three @entity1 were enrolled and follow-up was obtained for 181 (89%). Thirty-two of 181 (17.6%) were initially colonized, of whom 12 (37.5%) were colonized on follow-up. Thirty-two of 181 became colonized subsequent to hospital discharge. No single phage type predominated. Twenty-five @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity922 (11), @entity2024 (10), and @entity1569 (5). Six of these were colonized with @entity794 initially, although organisms of the same phage type were not recovered from cultures obtained at the time of clinical illness. There was no significant difference in the rate of infections in colonized (19%) versus non-colonized (12%) @entity1 . In five @entity1 where @entity794 was recovered at the time of symptoms, all organisms were acquired subsequent to discharge. We conclude that nursery colonization with @entity794 did not lead to clinical illness, and clinical illnesses previously ascribed to @entity794 frequently occur in the absence of these bacteria.

title: XXXX colonization and infection after discharge from a term newborn nursery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical illness--omphalitis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 have been investigated in Townsville between 1983 and 1987 with @entity1712 . All were Caucasian and had been well prior to this illness. Twenty-six had similar presentations with episodic and transient @entity490 often with features of @entity1744 . Four @entity1 presented with @entity158 and @entity294 , two with chronic @entity294 and one with recurrent melena. All @entity1 at some stage during their illness developed high peripheral blood eosinophil counts, mean value 2096/mm3. Nine @entity1 had laparotomies. The disease typically involved a short segment of ileum or jejunum with thickening and induration. The histology of the four resected specimens demonstrated a transmural @entity32 with @entity4 and an intense eosinophilic infiltrate. A solitary adult hookworm was identified in one @entity1 adherent to the mucosa of the resected bowel. Each of the 19 @entity1 treated with antihelminthic drugs responded promptly. Recovery was accompanied by a return to normal peripheral blood eosinophil counts. This paper reports an unusual form of @entity1712 thought due to a @entity281 . The diagnosis should be considered in @entity1 from North Queensland presenting with @entity490 and @entity1712 . Laparotomy should be delayed pending a trial of conservative therapy with @entity7400 .

title: XXXX --a recent north Queensland experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophilic enteritis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic enteritis']


abstract: Results of treatment of 70 @entity1 hospitalized with acute @entity4436 were analysed to determine the value of early contrast enema in management. A water-soluble enema done during the first week of hospitalization in 48 @entity1 showed @entity7261 with @entity2473 (30), a leak or peridiverticulitis (16) and a normal study (two). No complications were caused by the study. Forty @entity1 improved on medical therapy, but four relapsed after discharge. Thirty-four (49%) @entity1 had urgent operation during hospitalization for the acute episode of @entity4436 . Findings on contrast enema correlated with the need for surgery during the acute phase: 13 of 16 with peridiverticulitis or a leak compared with three of 30 with @entity7261 / @entity2473 (P less than 0.001). Operations performed were: sigmoid resection and primary @entity254 (17) with covering colostomy (five). Hartmann's operation (eight), @entity5173 (seven), right hemicolectomy (two). Findings at surgery were: abscess (15), phlegmon (12), @entity298 (five) and @entity4570 (two). It is concluded that early contrast enemas of the distal colon done with appropriate precautions are useful in confirming the diagnosis of @entity66 : only two of 48 studies were falsely negative. A pericolic extravasation (as opposed to a small sinus tract) or abscess usually indicates need for operation, whereas the finding of @entity7261 / @entity2473 suggests a favourable outcome of conservative management.

title: Acute XXXX : safety and value of contrast studies in predicting need for operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['colostomy and/or drainage']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['colovesical fistula']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of macrophage magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity35 by using an experimental soft-tissue @entity281 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity35 with unilateral @entity291 -muscle @entity281 were imaged with a 4.7-T MR imager at an early chronic stage of @entity281 (day 4 before contrast material injection, days 4-7 after injection). Eleven animals were imaged before and 3 and 24 hours after intravenous application of ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO), and eight animals were additionally imaged 48 hours and three animals 72 hours after USPIO application. Two infected @entity35 served as controls. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences were applied. All animals were sacrificed, and histopathologic findings were correlated with findings on MR images. Electron microscopy was performed in two @entity35 . For quantitative analysis, signal intensities on T2*-weighted images and T2 values on T2 maps were measured within regions of interest, and the temporal variation was analyzed by using the signed rank test. RESULTS: Visualization of USPIO-loaded macrophages was most sensitive with a T2*-weighted sequence. USPIO distribution pattern and quantitative analysis of T2 and T2* effects 3 hours after USPIO application were significantly different (P <.05) from those at 24 and 48 hours, reflecting the dynamic transit of the particle accumulation from the intravascular to the intracellular compartment by means of macrophage phagocytosis. Local signal intensity alterations could be correlated with @entity68 -loaded macrophages at histopathologic examination. CONCLUSION: Activated macrophages in acute soft-tissue @entity281 can be labeled with USPIOs and detected with MR imaging because of susceptibility effects.

title: MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic XXXX particles in experimental soft-tissue infections in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of macrophage magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity35 by using an experimental soft-tissue @entity281 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity35 with unilateral @entity291 -muscle @entity281 were imaged with a 4.7-T MR imager at an early chronic stage of @entity281 (day 4 before contrast material injection, days 4-7 after injection). Eleven animals were imaged before and 3 and 24 hours after intravenous application of ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO), and eight animals were additionally imaged 48 hours and three animals 72 hours after USPIO application. Two infected @entity35 served as controls. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences were applied. All animals were sacrificed, and histopathologic findings were correlated with findings on MR images. Electron microscopy was performed in two @entity35 . For quantitative analysis, signal intensities on T2*-weighted images and T2 values on T2 maps were measured within regions of interest, and the temporal variation was analyzed by using the signed rank test. RESULTS: Visualization of USPIO-loaded macrophages was most sensitive with a T2*-weighted sequence. USPIO distribution pattern and quantitative analysis of T2 and T2* effects 3 hours after USPIO application were significantly different (P <.05) from those at 24 and 48 hours, reflecting the dynamic transit of the particle accumulation from the intravascular to the intracellular compartment by means of macrophage phagocytosis. Local signal intensity alterations could be correlated with @entity68 -loaded macrophages at histopathologic examination. CONCLUSION: Activated macrophages in acute soft-tissue @entity281 can be labeled with USPIOs and detected with MR imaging because of susceptibility effects.

title: MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 particles in experimental soft-tissue infections in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The oncologic and functional outcomes of six @entity1 who had scapular allograft reconstruction after scapulectomy for @entity5 were reviewed. Five @entity1 had Stage IIB and one @entity1 had Stage IB @entity5 . Total scapulectomy was done in five @entity1 , and partial scapulectomy (glenoid and neck) was done in one @entity1 . Frozen glycerolized scapular allografts were implanted and fixed with plates and screws. The scapular muscles were reattached to the allograft. Tendon reconstruction to replace the excised muscles was done in two @entity1 . The @entity1 were followed up for an average of 3.8 years (range, 2-6 years). Cosmesis, elbow, and hand function were good in all @entity1 . There were no infections, nonunions, or @entity2065 . One @entity1 fractured the body of the allograft after a fall. One @entity1 had local recurrence and had scapulectomy 5 years postoperatively. Two @entity1 died 3 and 5 years postoperatively with lung metastases but with functioning grafts. The mean functional result using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 82 (range, 77-87). In this series, scapular allograft reconstruction restored cosmesis, shoulder stability, and function. Preservation or reconstruction of rotator cuff muscles is recommended.

title: Allograft reconstruction after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dislocations']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors of the scapula']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: One hundred fifty-nine subacute @entity1643 @entity1 completed a full medical assessment at baseline. A full repeat examination was performed 3 months later, when return-to-work status was determined. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of a comprehensive medical assessment for the prediction of return-to-work status. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A systematic review of the @entity717 prediction literature of low back trouble prognosis revealed that no high-quality studies included a full medical history and physical examination in the design. The results of studies included in the systematic review were equivocal with respect to predictive usefulness of medical variables. METHODS: @entity1 completed medical history questionnaires and then were clinically examined by one of six experienced examiners (three physicians and three physiotherapists). Return-to-work status was measured 3 months later, and predictive validity was evaluated using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Medical variables (, medical history subscales, physical examination subscales, and lumbar range-of-motion tests) showed modest correct classification rates varying between 61.6% and 69.1% for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive medical assessments play a crucial role in the early identification of serious pathology after low back trouble. We were unable to identify, however, any medical evaluation variables that would account for significant proportions of variance in return to work. The weight of evidence obtained in this study suggests that injured workers' subjective interpretations and appraisals may be more powerful predictors of the course of postinjury recovery than exclusively medical assessments.

title: Are components of a comprehensive medical assessment predictive of XXXX after an episode of occupational low back trouble?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back work-injured']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['work disability']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 underwent reoperation for recurrent @entity1736 using the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap. The orbicularis oculi muscle flap and the frontalis musculofascial flap are a modification of direct transplantation of the frontalis muscle to the tarsal plate. This is based on an anatomic study showing that the frontalis muscle and its fascia are connected with the orbicularis oculi muscle at the eyebrow region. The @entity1 ' previous @entity1736 operations were frontalis muscle suspension with autogenous or alloplastic material. Their follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 10 years. The average interval between the @entity1 's first frontalis suspension to their reoperation was 8.09 years. The selection of the muscle flaps was based on the extent of levator function of the @entity1 . When the eyelid excursion was moderate (>4 mm), the orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used. For @entity1 with minimal or weak eyelid excursion (<3 mm), the frontalis musculofascial flap was used. Eleven @entity1 (91.6%) gained levator excursion of more than 7 mm and reduced the height difference of both palpebral fissures by less than 2 mm after the reoperation. After an average follow-up of 20 months, 11 @entity1 (14 eyelids) recorded satisfactory results. This is based on the criteria of Souther, and Jordan and Anderson. The overall results were more than satisfactory. Even though 2 @entity1 reported poor results, there was no complete failure in this series. The authors' technique offers several advantages over conventional frontalis muscle suspension: it is a simple technique that has a good operative field, there is no donor morbidity and less complications, and asymmetrical supratarsal folding, eyelid notching, lagophthalmus, and @entity854 that can occur after a frontalis muscle suspension can be avoided. In summary, the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap are considered for @entity1 with recurrent @entity1736 after frontalis muscle suspension.

title: Correction of recurrent XXXX using an orbicularis oculi muscle flap and a frontalis musculofascial flap.

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['blepharoptosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal eyebrow position']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['blepharoptosis']


abstract: From June 1983 to Jan. 1985, 75 @entity1 with early stage @entity1893 were treated in our hospital. The ages ranged from 3 to 65 years. The ratio of male to female was 2.75. The intermediate and high grade @entity706 comprised 89.3% of the whole group. By clinical staging, there were 23 Stage I, 44 Stage II, and 8 @entity5 . The primary sites were: 33 in the Waldeyer's ring, 22 in lymph nodes, 10 in the nasal cavity and 10 in the other organs. The two-year survival rate of the whole group was 69.3%. In view of the results, the prognosis was related to the staging, A or B symptoms, primary site and CR or PR after treatment, but the age was irrelevant. The results also showed that intermediate or high grade @entity5 gave no significant difference in the two-year survival rate. It might be due to the fact that they were originated from the large cell type of @entity706 in the intermediate group and possessed similar malignant properties as the high @entity706 .

title: [Short-term results of radiotherapy in early stage XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'grade lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the binocular visual function in @entity5971 after bimedial rectus recession with loop suture and to address the factors that could take part in the attainment of binocular function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity5971 who were operated on between 12 and 48 months of age were included in the study group. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 2 to 10 years. In order to determine the factors affecting the sensory results in @entity5971 , we classified our @entity1 into two groups according to their fusion status. We compared the preoperative and postoperative characteristics of @entity1 in these two groups. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 40 @entity1 (52.5%) fused the Worth four-dot at near (Group 1), 19 @entity1 (47.5%) did not (Group 2) at the final examination. No @entity1 showed evidence of stereopsis. We found significant differences between these two groups in respect to the final angle of @entity5494 , the age at surgery, the presence of postoperative @entity2182 , dissociated @entity5494 and abnormal head position. Correlation analysis revealed that early alignment of the eyes and the absence of postoperative @entity5494 were associated with increased incidence of achieving some degree of binocular vision. CONCLUSION: In @entity5971 , not all @entity1 may have the potential for normal binocular function owing to yet unknown constitutional factors. We determined that achieving some degree of binocular function may be related to early alignment of the eyes. Additionally, close follow-up and precise treatment of the accompanying @entity5494 , especially @entity2182 and dissociated @entity5494 , in a timely manner may enhance the attainment of binocular sensory function.

title: Binocular visual function in XXXX after bilateral medial rectus recession with loop suture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['congenital esotropia']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['inferior oblique overaction']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['vertical deviation']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['congenital esotropia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of the study is to analyse whether the analgesic therapy of @entity282 during the first 2 days after surgery differs among the different surgical departments. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly chosen from among all those who underwent elective surgery. Characteristics of analgesic treatment (drug, dosage, schedule) and @entity158 intensity were determined at the postoperative anaesthetic care unit and in the first and second postoperative days on the ward. All comparisons were carried out by surgical departments. RESULTS: Six hundred and twenty-three @entity1 from six surgical departments were studied. Analgesic treatment orders varied greatly among the different departments, and these differences were statistically significant regarding number of drugs, type of drugs, analgesic schedule, and completeness of medical orders. Some differences were also observed regarding drug dosage. @entity1 from gynaecology and obstetrics, traumatology and orthopaedics and general surgery reported the most severe @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity282 differs among the surgical departments, especially regarding analgesic schedules and completeness of analgesic orders. Analgesic therapy may often be based more on customary habits than on the @entity1 ' @entity158 intensity.

title: Analgesic use for XXXX : differences arise when comparing departments of surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: @entity7576 (SBTPC) is a mutual prodrug of @entity5899 (SBT) and @entity869 (ABPC). A study has been performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties and clinical usefulness of SBTPC fine granules in the treatment of pediatric infections. After an oral dose of 5-15 mg/kg of SBTPC fine granules, peak serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT were 1.18-3.26 micrograms/ml and 0.97-3.05 micrograms/ml, respectively at 1 hour. Serum half-lives for elimination (T 1/2 (beta] of ABPC and SBT were 0.83-1.83 hours and 0.94-1.71 hours, respectively. Serum concentrations of ABPC at 1-6 hours after an oral administration of SBTPC fine granules were similar to those of SBT. Serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT were proportional to dose levels of SBTPC fine granules. Following oral administrations of 5-15 mg/kg, 33.9-64.8% of ABPC and 38.1-76.6% of SBT were recovered in urine in 6 hours. SBTPC fine granules were administered in a daily dose of approximately 30 mg/kg divided into 3 doses to 14 pediatric @entity1 with @entity2348 . All 14 were cured with 11 excellent and 3 good clinical response to this drug. Microbiological eradication was obtained in 85.7%. beta-Lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant strains were eradicated. Adverse effects including laboratory test values that may be attributed to the administration of SBTPC fine granules were not observed except a treatment episode of @entity294 in 1 @entity1 .

title: [Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on XXXX fine granules in pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity7576 :: ('MESH:C035444', 'Chemical') :: ['Sultamicillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity7576 :: (MESH:C035444,Chemical) :: ['sultamicillin']


abstract: We developed a whole-canopy @entity515 exchange simulation model to study effects of pruning on the @entity505 balance of trees. Model inputs include global short-wave radiation, photosynthetic @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), air temperature, time series of the development of canopy diameter, height and total leaf area during the simulation period and local geographical and atmospheric parameters. Canopy structure is derived stochastically from the time series of canopy development and growth functions of individual phytoelements. The @entity2101 incident on a phytoelement is computed from the average gap frequency of the canopy and the binary random probability of sunflecks on the phytoelement. Instantaneous @entity515 assimilation rate of each phytoelement is computed from @entity2101 and phytoelement age. Assimilation rates are integrated over space and time to estimate whole-canopy @entity515 assimilation. The model was used to study @entity505 balance in five sources of the leguminous agroforestry tree Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O.F. Cook during two 6-month pruning intervals. The canopy description appeared to be realistic. According to the simulations, cumulative assimilation did not provide enough @entity505 for tree growth until two months after pruning, indicating @entity734 of tree growth on reserve @entity3363 . The two most productive sources, which had the most open canopies, were the most dependent on reserve @entity3363 after pruning.

title: Canopy development, @entity515 exchange and XXXX balance of a modeled agroforestry tree.

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['photon flux density', 'PFD']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: We developed a whole-canopy @entity515 exchange simulation model to study effects of pruning on the @entity505 balance of trees. Model inputs include global short-wave radiation, photosynthetic @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), air temperature, time series of the development of canopy diameter, height and total leaf area during the simulation period and local geographical and atmospheric parameters. Canopy structure is derived stochastically from the time series of canopy development and growth functions of individual phytoelements. The @entity2101 incident on a phytoelement is computed from the average gap frequency of the canopy and the binary random probability of sunflecks on the phytoelement. Instantaneous @entity515 assimilation rate of each phytoelement is computed from @entity2101 and phytoelement age. Assimilation rates are integrated over space and time to estimate whole-canopy @entity515 assimilation. The model was used to study @entity505 balance in five sources of the leguminous agroforestry tree Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O.F. Cook during two 6-month pruning intervals. The canopy description appeared to be realistic. According to the simulations, cumulative assimilation did not provide enough @entity505 for tree growth until two months after pruning, indicating @entity734 of tree growth on reserve @entity3363 . The two most productive sources, which had the most open canopies, were the most dependent on reserve @entity3363 after pruning.

title: Canopy development, XXXX exchange and @entity505 balance of a modeled agroforestry tree.

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO(2)']


abstract: We have evaluated @entity7576 (SBTPC) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in @entity1 . The results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single dose of 5.0 mg per kg body weight in 1 @entity1 were as follows: The peak serum concentrations of @entity869 (ABPC) and @entity5899 (SBT) were 1.92 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 1.85 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively. The half-lives in serum and urinary excretion rate for ABPC and SBT were similar. 2. A clinical study was performed on 15 @entity1 with @entity281 , including 4 with @entity5389 , 5 with @entity7551 , 2 each with @entity3617 , @entity2335 , and @entity293 . Doses ranging from 6.7 to 18.2 mg/kg body weight were given tid. or qid. Lengths of treatment ranged from 5 to 10 days. The therapeutic responses were considered "excellent" in 6 and "good" in 9, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. 3. As to side effects of the drug, @entity294 was observed in 1 @entity1 . It was concluded that SBTPC was a promising drug for the treatment of @entity2348 in @entity1 .

title: [Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of XXXX fine granules in pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7576 :: ('MESH:C035444', 'Chemical') :: ['sultamicillin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity7576 :: (MESH:C035444,Chemical) :: ['sultamicillin']


abstract: Fluxes of @entity544 , water vapor and energy were measured above and below a temperate broad-leaved forest and a boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiania Lamb.) forest by the eddy covariance method. The aim of the work was to examine differences between the biological and physical processes that control the fluxes of mass and energy over these disparate forest stand types. @entity505 and latent heat flux (LE) densities over the temperate broad-leaved forest were about three times larger than those observed over the boreal forest. Available energy was the key variable modulating LE over the temperate broad-leaved forest, whereas LE over the boreal jack pine stand was sensitive to variations in water @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and available energy. It was also noted that @entity551 had different impacts on transpiration rates of the two forest stands. Increasing @entity551 forced a negative feedback on jack pine transpiration, whereas transpiration rates of the well-watered broad-leaved forest responded favorably to increasing @entity551 . @entity544 flux densities over the broad-leaved forest stand were more sensitive to changes in absorbed photosynthetic photon flux density than those over the boreal forest. The efficiency of @entity515 uptake over the jack pine stand was reduced, in part, because the low leaf area of the stand caused a sizable fraction of available quanta to be absorbed by nonphotosynthetic organs, such as limbs and trunks. Over both forest stands, variations in photosynthetic photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (Q(P)) explained only 50 to 60% of the variance of @entity515 exchange rates. Consequently, caution should be exercised when scaling @entity505 fluxes to regional scales based on unmodified, satellite-derived indices. The more open nature of the boreal jack pine forest caused water vapor, @entity515 and heat fluxes at the forest floor to be a significant component of whole canopy mass and energy exchange rates. About 20 to 30% of net canopy mass and energy exchange occurred at the forest floor. Much smaller rates of mass and energy exchange occurred under the temperate broad-leaved forest.

title: Energy and XXXX flux densities above and below a temperate broad-leaved forest and a boreal pine forest.

entities_list: @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon', 'Carbon']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['vapor pressure deficits', 'VPDs']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO(2)']


abstract: The increase in number of fine (< 0.5 mm diameter) roots of one-year-old clonal Pinus radiata D. Don trees grown in large open-top field chambers at ambient (362 micro mol mol(-1)) or elevated (654 micro mol mol(-1)) @entity515 concentration was estimated using minirhizotron tubes placed horizontally at a depth of 0.3 m. The trees were well supplied with water and nutrients. Destructive harvesting of roots along an additional tube showed that there was a linear relationship between root number estimated from the minirhizotron and both root length density, L(v), and root @entity505 density, C(v), in the surrounding soil. Root distribution decreased with horizontal distance from the tree. At a depth of 0.3 m, 88% of the total C(v) was concentrated within a 0.15-m radius from tree stems in the elevated @entity515 treatment, compared with 35% for trees in the ambient @entity515 treatment. Mean C(v) along the tubes ranged up to 5 x 10(-2) micro g mm(-3) and tended to be greater for trees grown at elevated @entity515 concentration, although the differences between @entity515 treatments were not significant. Root growth started in spring and continued until late summer. There was no significant difference in seasonal rates of increase in C(v) between treatments, but roots were observed four weeks earlier in the elevated @entity515 treatment. No root turnover occurred at a depth of 0.3 m during the first year after planting. Mean values of @entity544 flux density at the soil surface, F, increased from 0.02 to 0.13 g m(-2) h(-1) during the year, and F was 30% greater for trees grown at elevated @entity515 concentration than at ambient @entity515 . Diurnal changes in F were related to air temperature. The seasonal increase in F continued through the summer and early autumn, well after air temperature had begun to decline, suggesting that the increase was partly caused by increase in C(v) as the roots colonized the soil profile.

title: Seasonal root distribution and soil surface XXXX fluxes for one-year-old Pinus radiata trees growing at ambient and elevated @entity544 concentration.

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: The increase in number of fine (< 0.5 mm diameter) roots of one-year-old clonal Pinus radiata D. Don trees grown in large open-top field chambers at ambient (362 micro mol mol(-1)) or elevated (654 micro mol mol(-1)) @entity515 concentration was estimated using minirhizotron tubes placed horizontally at a depth of 0.3 m. The trees were well supplied with water and nutrients. Destructive harvesting of roots along an additional tube showed that there was a linear relationship between root number estimated from the minirhizotron and both root length density, L(v), and root @entity505 density, C(v), in the surrounding soil. Root distribution decreased with horizontal distance from the tree. At a depth of 0.3 m, 88% of the total C(v) was concentrated within a 0.15-m radius from tree stems in the elevated @entity515 treatment, compared with 35% for trees in the ambient @entity515 treatment. Mean C(v) along the tubes ranged up to 5 x 10(-2) micro g mm(-3) and tended to be greater for trees grown at elevated @entity515 concentration, although the differences between @entity515 treatments were not significant. Root growth started in spring and continued until late summer. There was no significant difference in seasonal rates of increase in C(v) between treatments, but roots were observed four weeks earlier in the elevated @entity515 treatment. No root turnover occurred at a depth of 0.3 m during the first year after planting. Mean values of @entity544 flux density at the soil surface, F, increased from 0.02 to 0.13 g m(-2) h(-1) during the year, and F was 30% greater for trees grown at elevated @entity515 concentration than at ambient @entity515 . Diurnal changes in F were related to air temperature. The seasonal increase in F continued through the summer and early autumn, well after air temperature had begun to decline, suggesting that the increase was partly caused by increase in C(v) as the roots colonized the soil profile.

title: Seasonal root distribution and soil surface @entity505 fluxes for one-year-old Pinus radiata trees growing at ambient and elevated XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical outcomes for @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) @entity1 having surgery are imprecisely predicted by histopathology and intraoperative staging. We hypothesized that gene expression profiles could predict time to progression and survival in surgically cytoreduced @entity2615 of all stages. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Gene expression analyses from 21 @entity3620 @entity1 having cytoreductions and identical postoperative adjuvant therapy were performed using the U95 Affymetrix gene @entity37622 . Using both @entity37622 and SAM, @entity1274 constructed a common 27 gene classifier, which was associated with either the high-risk and low-risk group of @entity1 . Data were validated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The 27 gene classifier was also used for validation in a separate set of 17 @entity3620 @entity1 from another institution. RESULTS: The groups predicted by the gene classifier recapitulated the actual time to progression and survival of the test set with 95.2% accuracy using 10-fold cross-validation. Clinical outcomes were independent of histology, and heterogeneity of progression and survival in early stage @entity1 was defined by the classifier. The gene classifier had a 76% accuracy in the separate validation set of MPMs. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pretherapy gene expression analysis of @entity2615 biopsies may predict which @entity1 may benefit from a surgical approach.

title: Gene expression profiles predict survival and progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: The incidence, mode of the onset and prognosis of primary @entity453 in 1,445 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing coronary angiography were elucidated in the present study. Primary @entity453 was observed in four @entity1 (0.28%). The first case was a 28-year-old @entity1 , who developed @entity951 at rest, followed by @entity583 . His coronary angiogram showed dual lumina in the proximal to distal segments of the right coronary artery, which were separated by a flap. A left ventriculogram showed severe @entity73 (akinesis) in its inferior segment. Six years later, he was classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I. The second case, a 54-year-old @entity1 , developed @entity951 followed by @entity583 . His coronary angiogram showed a similar dissection from the proximal to distal segments of the right coronary artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis of the inferior segment and a coronary angiogram five years later showed marked resolution of the dissection. Twelve years after the @entity1188 , he was classified as NYHA functional class I. The third case, a 46-year-old @entity1 , experienced sudden onset of @entity583 . Her coronary angiogram showed dissection from the middle to distal segments, and the posterior descending branch of the right coronary artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis of the inferior segment, and three years later, she was asymptomatic. The fourth case, a 28-year-old @entity1 , developed anterior @entity583 following delivery. Her coronary angiogram revealed dissection from the proximal to middle segments of the left anterior descending artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis in the anteroseptal segment and dyskinesis in the apical segment. She died suddenly four years after her @entity583 . Thus, primary @entity453 is not extremely rare and it may have been associated with @entity3361 in at least two of these four cases.

title: Primary XXXX : its incidence, mode of the onset and prognostic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of contraction']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery dissection']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery dissection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity10204 during @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity1197 - @entity12 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity8186 inhibitory protein [ @entity1182 ] and @entity42977 ) in primary cultures of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity379 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity1182 and @entity8186 expression, Western blotting for @entity1182 , and proteolytic activity for @entity42977 . RESULTS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity379 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity1197 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity1182 and @entity8186 , mediators involved in @entity1197 signaling, revealed that @entity1182 expression in @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity379 treatment. Moreover, the @entity1182 : @entity8186 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity1182 up-regulation by @entity379 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity8186 and @entity522 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity1197 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity379 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity379 impairs @entity1197 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity1 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity8186 and @entity522 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1182 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of @entity1197 apoptotic signaling by @entity379 in @entity1 osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of XXXX inhibitory protein.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['homeostasis dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFNgamma']

answer: @entity8186 :: (841,Gene) :: ['FLICE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity10204 during @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity1197 - @entity12 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity8186 inhibitory protein [ @entity1182 ] and @entity42977 ) in primary cultures of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity379 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity1182 and @entity8186 expression, Western blotting for @entity1182 , and proteolytic activity for @entity42977 . RESULTS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity379 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity1197 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity1182 and @entity8186 , mediators involved in @entity1197 signaling, revealed that @entity1182 expression in @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity379 treatment. Moreover, the @entity1182 : @entity8186 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity1182 up-regulation by @entity379 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity8186 and @entity522 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity1197 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity379 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity379 impairs @entity1197 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity1 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity8186 and @entity522 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1182 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX apoptotic signaling by @entity379 in @entity1 osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of @entity8186 inhibitory protein.

answer: @entity1197 :: (355,Gene) :: ['CD95']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity10204 during @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity1197 - @entity12 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity8186 inhibitory protein [ @entity1182 ] and @entity42977 ) in primary cultures of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity379 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity1182 and @entity8186 expression, Western blotting for @entity1182 , and proteolytic activity for @entity42977 . RESULTS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity379 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity1197 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity1182 and @entity8186 , mediators involved in @entity1197 signaling, revealed that @entity1182 expression in @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity379 treatment. Moreover, the @entity1182 : @entity8186 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity1182 up-regulation by @entity379 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity8186 and @entity522 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity1197 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity379 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity379 impairs @entity1197 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity1 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity8186 and @entity522 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1182 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of @entity1197 apoptotic signaling by XXXX in @entity1 osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of @entity8186 inhibitory protein.

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity10204 during @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity1197 - @entity12 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity8186 inhibitory protein [ @entity1182 ] and @entity42977 ) in primary cultures of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity379 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity1182 and @entity8186 expression, Western blotting for @entity1182 , and proteolytic activity for @entity42977 . RESULTS: @entity1197 -induced apoptotic death of @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity379 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity1197 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity1182 and @entity8186 , mediators involved in @entity1197 signaling, revealed that @entity1182 expression in @entity1 @entity571 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity379 treatment. Moreover, the @entity1182 : @entity8186 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity1182 up-regulation by @entity379 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity8186 and @entity522 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity1197 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity379 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity379 impairs @entity1197 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity1 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity8186 and @entity522 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1182 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of @entity1197 apoptotic signaling by @entity379 in XXXX osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of @entity8186 inhibitory protein.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Pharmacokinetics, safety and effects on @entity2348 of @entity7576 (SBTPC) fine granule were evaluated in 17 @entity1 . The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 3 @entity1 receiving a single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight were evaluated. The half-life of @entity869 (ABPC) was 1.38 +/- 0.14 hours and that of @entity5899 was 0.93 +/- 0.26 hour. 2. Fourteen cases, including 7 @entity5389 , 2 @entity7551 , 2 @entity3617 , and 1 each of @entity2335 , @entity30773 and @entity2688 were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies classified by causative organisms were evaluated in 5 @entity1 . @entity794 was responsible in 3 cases, @entity4195 in 1 case, @entity526 and @entity5609 in 1 case. Eradication rate was 100%. SBTPC was more active than ABPC against ABPC-resistant strains and almost equal to or more active than @entity7265 or cefaclor. 4. The only abnormal laboratory test value observed was @entity1712 in 2 @entity1 . No side effects were recorded. From the above results it is concluded that SBTPC fine granule is one of first choices of effective, useful and safe antibiotics for the treatment of @entity281 in pediatric field.

title: [Clinical studies on XXXX fine granule in pediatric field].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity7265 :: ('MESH:D002506', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalexin']

entities_list: @entity7576 :: ('MESH:C035444', 'Chemical') :: ['sultamicillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity30773 :: ('MESH:D012541', 'Disease') :: ['scarlet fever']

answer: @entity7576 :: (MESH:C035444,Chemical) :: ['sultamicillin']


abstract: Clinical studies of @entity7576 (SBTPC) fine granules, an oral antibiotic with @entity13507 linked @entity869 and beta-lactamase inhibitor, @entity5899 , were performed in acute uncomplicated @entity2335 and complicated @entity293 . 1. SBTPC fine granules were administrated at a dose of 187.5 mg 2-3 times daily for 5-7 days to 6 @entity1 with acute uncomplicated @entity2335 . Clinical efficacies as judged according to the criteria of the UTI Committee were excellent in 5 cases and moderate in 1 case with an effectiveness rate of 100%. All of 7 identified bacteria were eradicated by the treatment. 2. SBTPC fine granules were administrated at a dose of 187.5 mg or 375 mg 3 times daily for 5-7 days to 17 @entity1 with complicated @entity293 . Clinical efficacies as judged according to the criteria of the UTI Committee were excellent in 8 cases, moderate in 4 cases and poor in 5 cases with an effectiveness rate of 70.6%. Out of 17 identified bacteria, 14 (82.4%) were eradicated by the treatment. 3. As adverse reactions, @entity35160 , @entity294 and pharyngeal redness were observed in 1 case out of 31 cases treated with the drug. These symptoms, however, were mild and transient. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. From the above results, it appears that SBTPC fine granules are useful in the treatment of @entity293 .

title: [Clinical studies on XXXX fine granules in the urological field].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity7576 :: (MESH:C035444,Chemical) :: ['sultamicillin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation currently is used for treatment of @entity943 . Although the success rate is high for almost all @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), this technique has some drawbacks, especially when pulmonary veins (PV) are targeted for treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Additionally, new techniques for isolation of the PVs have the drawback that they can be used only for PV isolation and not for routine treatment of other SVTs. The aim of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of a new cryoablation system for treatment of all SVTs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity4710 (38 @entity1 ; age 48 years, range 23-76) were enrolled in the study. Five @entity1 were withdrawn from the study before they underwent cryoablation. The remaining 44 @entity1 were treated with cryoablation (22 @entity955 , 15 @entity956 , 3 accessory pathway, 2 AV nodal reentrant @entity591 , 1 AV junction ablation for permanent @entity955 , 1 @entity591 ). Cryoablation was performed with the CryoCor cryoablation system, which uses a precooling system and @entity3727 as a refrigerant. The number of freezes applied varied according to the index @entity943 treated. Successful isolation of PVs was performed in 20 of (96%) 21 @entity955 @entity1 and 53 of 55 veins. The overall acute success was 98% (43/44). Fifty-three PVs were isolated (2.5/ @entity1 ). The success rate was 100% (23/23) for right-sided procedures. The average and nadir temperatures reached in right-sided and left-sided procedures were -77 degrees C and -80 degrees C and -75 degrees C and -78 degrees C, respectively. No @entity849 was seen. CONCLUSION: This novel cryoablation system appears to be safe and can successfully treat different types of SVTs, including @entity955 . Isolation of PVs is possible without producing @entity850 . Despite the high blood flow in the right atrial isthmus and PVs, bidirectional conduction block can be achieved.

title: Acute results of transvenous cryoablation of @entity4710 ( @entity955 , XXXX , Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['acute PV stenosis']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation currently is used for treatment of @entity943 . Although the success rate is high for almost all @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), this technique has some drawbacks, especially when pulmonary veins (PV) are targeted for treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Additionally, new techniques for isolation of the PVs have the drawback that they can be used only for PV isolation and not for routine treatment of other SVTs. The aim of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of a new cryoablation system for treatment of all SVTs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity4710 (38 @entity1 ; age 48 years, range 23-76) were enrolled in the study. Five @entity1 were withdrawn from the study before they underwent cryoablation. The remaining 44 @entity1 were treated with cryoablation (22 @entity955 , 15 @entity956 , 3 accessory pathway, 2 AV nodal reentrant @entity591 , 1 AV junction ablation for permanent @entity955 , 1 @entity591 ). Cryoablation was performed with the CryoCor cryoablation system, which uses a precooling system and @entity3727 as a refrigerant. The number of freezes applied varied according to the index @entity943 treated. Successful isolation of PVs was performed in 20 of (96%) 21 @entity955 @entity1 and 53 of 55 veins. The overall acute success was 98% (43/44). Fifty-three PVs were isolated (2.5/ @entity1 ). The success rate was 100% (23/23) for right-sided procedures. The average and nadir temperatures reached in right-sided and left-sided procedures were -77 degrees C and -80 degrees C and -75 degrees C and -78 degrees C, respectively. No @entity849 was seen. CONCLUSION: This novel cryoablation system appears to be safe and can successfully treat different types of SVTs, including @entity955 . Isolation of PVs is possible without producing @entity850 . Despite the high blood flow in the right atrial isthmus and PVs, bidirectional conduction block can be achieved.

title: Acute results of transvenous cryoablation of @entity4710 ( XXXX , @entity956 , Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia).

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation currently is used for treatment of @entity943 . Although the success rate is high for almost all @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), this technique has some drawbacks, especially when pulmonary veins (PV) are targeted for treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Additionally, new techniques for isolation of the PVs have the drawback that they can be used only for PV isolation and not for routine treatment of other SVTs. The aim of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of a new cryoablation system for treatment of all SVTs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity4710 (38 @entity1 ; age 48 years, range 23-76) were enrolled in the study. Five @entity1 were withdrawn from the study before they underwent cryoablation. The remaining 44 @entity1 were treated with cryoablation (22 @entity955 , 15 @entity956 , 3 accessory pathway, 2 AV nodal reentrant @entity591 , 1 AV junction ablation for permanent @entity955 , 1 @entity591 ). Cryoablation was performed with the CryoCor cryoablation system, which uses a precooling system and @entity3727 as a refrigerant. The number of freezes applied varied according to the index @entity943 treated. Successful isolation of PVs was performed in 20 of (96%) 21 @entity955 @entity1 and 53 of 55 veins. The overall acute success was 98% (43/44). Fifty-three PVs were isolated (2.5/ @entity1 ). The success rate was 100% (23/23) for right-sided procedures. The average and nadir temperatures reached in right-sided and left-sided procedures were -77 degrees C and -80 degrees C and -75 degrees C and -78 degrees C, respectively. No @entity849 was seen. CONCLUSION: This novel cryoablation system appears to be safe and can successfully treat different types of SVTs, including @entity955 . Isolation of PVs is possible without producing @entity850 . Despite the high blood flow in the right atrial isthmus and PVs, bidirectional conduction block can be achieved.

title: Acute results of transvenous cryoablation of XXXX ( @entity955 , @entity956 , Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia).

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The results of a screening programme for @entity14 in a high risk group using an immunochemical test for blood has been reported recently. This test is known as the faecal @entity1 haemoglobin ( @entity1631 ) test. This paper reports the results of rescreening this group after an interval of 1-2 years. The @entity1631 test was compared with a paper disc method. All individuals with positive tests were investigated and those with negative tests were offered investigation. The results confirm the value of the @entity1631 test in screening a high risk group: 19 individuals in 1,153 @entity1 were found to have a significant @entity5 (1.6%). The predictive value of the test for a significant @entity5 was 42%. A false negative rate of 2.6% was found, all lesions being benign. It appears to be more reliable than the paper disc method but the differences do not reach statistical significance. The @entity1631 test is recommended for screening the general population over the age of 40 years, with rescreening annually.

title: Rescreening of a group at high risk for XXXX using immunochemical tests for faecal occult blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac artery bypass was used to treat chronic @entity6250 in 105 @entity1 (110 operations). This represented 20% of all operations for aorto- @entity66 . Unilateral iliac bypass was the preferred primary procedure for 99 operations, and was used to correct complications in one limb of a prior aortic bifurcation graft in the other 11. Ipsilateral femoropopliteal vein grafts were also performed in 45 legs (43%), prior to the iliac bypass in 18, as a synchronous operation in nine, and at a later date in 18 legs. This was a much higher proportion of combined operations than for @entity1 by aortic bifurcation grafts (12%). Only 5 @entity1 later required further proximal surgery, one for a blocked graft and four for @entity66 . The cumulative patency rate in surviving @entity1 was 91% at 3 years. For the claudicants and for iliofemoral bypass operations, only one graft occluded, within 5 years, and no grafts occluded for operations where the superficial femoral artery was patent. The cumulative patency rates at 3 years were 85% for @entity1 with critical ischaemia, 82% for ilioprofunda bypass operations, and 88% for operations where the superficial femoral artery was occluded. The cumulative foot-salvage rate in surviving @entity1 initially treated for critical ischaemia was 77% at 3 years. The cumulative survival rate was 90% at 3 years. Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac bypass is now preferred as the primary operation for @entity1 with apparent unilateral @entity66 causing severe ischaemia, if @entity384 is not appropriate or has failed.

title: Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac artery bypass for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral iliac disease', 'iliac disease']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb ischaemia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess trends in @entity565 management and to identify factors associated with increasing short-acting (SA) beta-agonist utilization in British Columbia using administrative prescription data. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: All @entity1 between 13 and 50 years of age who had received at least one prescription for a @entity23743 -agonist covered by BC Pharmacare between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1998. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of all @entity1 , and longitudinal analyses only of @entity1 who had received at least one @entity23743 -agonist prescription in each of the 3 years. Trends in @entity565 medication use over time were evaluated using repeated-measures Mantel-Haenszel tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with increasing @entity23743 -agonist use. RESULTS: A total of 78,758 @entity1 were included in the cohort. No decrease in the annual prevalence of receiving more than four canisters per year of a @entity23743 -agonist was identified between 1996 and 1998. A total of 12,844 @entity1 filled at least one @entity23743 -agonist prescription each year. Time-trend analysis showed an overall increasing probability of not receiving an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) agent in this population (p = 0.002). In @entity1 exhibiting low @entity23743 -agonist use, > 18 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.5), male gender (adjusted OR, 1.7), and in receipt of social assistance (adjusted OR, 2.3) were associated with receiving increasing amounts of @entity23743 -agonist agents over the 3 years. In @entity1 with a high degree of use of @entity23743 -agonists, only the receipt of social assistance (adjusted OR, 1.3) was significantly associated with increasing use. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the development and dissemination of @entity565 management guidelines, there was no trend toward decreasing @entity23743 -agonist use. An unexpected trend toward decreasing ICS utilization was identified. Receiving social assistance was a risk factor for increasing @entity23743 -agonist use, independent of baseline utilization.

title: Patterns of inhaled XXXX medication use: a 3-year longitudinal analysis of prescription claims data from British Columbia, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']