abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ) system provides incentives for nonprofit providers of @entity734 treatment to select less severe clients into treatment. DATA SOURCES: The Maine Addiction Treatment System (MATS) standardized admission and discharge data provided by the Maine Office @entity734 ( @entity734 ) for fiscal years 1991-1995, provides demographic, @entity734 , and social functional information on clients of programs receiving public funding. STUDY DESIGN: We focused on @entity734 clients (i.e., those @entity1 whose treatment cost was covered by the funding from @entity734 ) and Medicaid clients in outpatient programs. Clients were identified as being "most severe" or not. We compared the likelihood for @entity734 clients to be "most severe" before @entity2472 and after @entity2472 using Medicaid clients as the control. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to predict the marginal effect of @entity2472 on the probability of @entity734 clients being most severe after controlling for other factors. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The percentage of @entity734 outpatient clients classified as most severe users dropped by 7 percent (p < = 0.001) after the innovation of @entity2472 compared to the increase of 2 percent for Medicaid clients. The regression results also showed that @entity2472 had a significantly negative marginal effect on the probability of @entity734 clients being most severe. CONCLUSIONS: Performance-based contracting gave providers of @entity734 treatment financial incentives to treat less severe @entity734 clients in order to improve their performance outcomes. Fewer @entity734 clients with the greatest severity were treated in outpatient programs with the implementation of @entity2472 . These results suggest that regulators, or payers, should evaluate programs comprehensively taking this type of selection behavior into consideration.

title: Selection incentives in a XXXX system.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'of Substance Abuse', 'substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'performance-based contracting']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['performance-based contracting']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6588 is an emerging zoonotic disease mainly of the Northern Hemisphere caused by the Gram-negative coccobacillus @entity5092 . It is affecting a wide range of animals and causes @entity1 disease after insect and tick bites, skin contact, ingestion and inhalation. A 66-year-old @entity1 presented to our clinic with @entity55 and distinct @entity1143 . After failure of empiric antibiotic therapy, thoracoscopic assisted decortication and partial excision of the middle lobe were conducted. Conventional culture methods and broad-range bacterial PCR including RipSeqMixed analysis were performed from the excised biopsies. Culture results remained negative but broad-range PCR targeting the first half of the 16S rRNA gene revealed @entity5092 DNA. This result was confirmed by @entity5092 -specific PCR and by serology. The source of infection could not be explored. To conclude, we report the rare clinical picture of a community-acquired @entity55 followed by @entity1143 and @entity3509 due to @entity5092 . Broad range bacterial PCR proved to be a powerful diagnostic tool to detect the etiologic organism.

title: An unexpected cause for @entity55 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['Tularemia']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6588 is an emerging zoonotic disease mainly of the Northern Hemisphere caused by the Gram-negative coccobacillus @entity5092 . It is affecting a wide range of animals and causes @entity1 disease after insect and tick bites, skin contact, ingestion and inhalation. A 66-year-old @entity1 presented to our clinic with @entity55 and distinct @entity1143 . After failure of empiric antibiotic therapy, thoracoscopic assisted decortication and partial excision of the middle lobe were conducted. Conventional culture methods and broad-range bacterial PCR including RipSeqMixed analysis were performed from the excised biopsies. Culture results remained negative but broad-range PCR targeting the first half of the 16S rRNA gene revealed @entity5092 DNA. This result was confirmed by @entity5092 -specific PCR and by serology. The source of infection could not be explored. To conclude, we report the rare clinical picture of a community-acquired @entity55 followed by @entity1143 and @entity3509 due to @entity5092 . Broad range bacterial PCR proved to be a powerful diagnostic tool to detect the etiologic organism.

title: An unexpected cause for XXXX and @entity3509 .

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['cavitary pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventions are needed to alleviate memory difficulty in @entity5 survivors. We previously showed in a phase III randomized clinical trial that YOCAS     yoga-a program that consists of breathing exercises, postures, and meditation-significantly improved sleep quality in @entity5 survivors. This study assessed the effects of YOCAS     on memory and identified relationships between memory and sleep. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Survivors were randomized to standard care (SC) or SC with YOCAS     . 328 @entity1 who provided data on the memory difficulty item of the @entity601 Anderson Symptom Inventory are included. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) determined the group effect of YOCAS     on memory difficulty compared with SC. @entity3628 also determined moderation of baseline memory difficulty on postintervention sleep and vice versa. Path modeling assessed the mediating effects of changes in memory difficulty on YOCAS     changes in sleep and vice versa. RESULTS: YOCAS     significantly reduced memory difficulty at postintervention compared with SC (mean change: yoga=-0.60; SC=-0.16; P<.05). Baseline memory difficulty did not moderate the effects of postintervention sleep quality in YOCAS     compared with SC. Baseline sleep quality did moderate the effects of postintervention memory difficulty in YOCAS     compared with SC (P<.05). Changes in sleep quality was a significant mediator of reduced memory difficulty in YOCAS     compared with SC (P<.05); however, changes in memory difficulty did not significantly mediate improved sleep quality in YOCAS     compared with SC. CONCLUSIONS: In this large nationwide trial, YOCAS     yoga significantly reduced @entity1 -reported memory difficulty in @entity5 survivors.

title: YOCAS     Yoga Reduces Self-reported Memory Difficulty in XXXX Survivors in a Nationwide Randomized Clinical Trial: Investigating Relationships Between Memory and Sleep.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['General linear modeling', 'GLM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a difference in the perception of @entity158 and functional disability between African Americans and Whites at any given radiographic severity of @entity571 ( @entity571 ). Ethnic differences in utilization of joint replacement may reflect differences in the perception of symptoms of @entity571 . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey included 596 male veterans (44% African Americans and 56% Whites) with chronic moderate to severe knee and/or hip @entity158 at the General Medicine Clinics. The average age of the total cohort was 65.63 +/- 9.5 years. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) for @entity158 and function were the primary outcome measures of interest. All knee and or hip radiographs were graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grading system. RESULTS: African Americans and Whites were comparable with respect to age (65 +/- 9.5 vs 66 +/- 9, respectively); body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2 (53.9% vs 58.8%); Lequesne severity score (11 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 4); geriatric @entity308 score (4.5 +/- 3.3 vs 5.0 +/- 3.8) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (2.3 +/- 2 vs 2.5 +/- 2). African Americans had lower socioeconomic status with fewer high school graduates (57% vs 71%, p = 0.001), lower employment rate (8.4% vs 14.7%, p = 0.017), and lower total household incomes (41.4% vs 20.4% reported income <  10,000, p = 0.000). African Americans and Whites were not different in mean scores for @entity158 and WOMAC function when stratified by joint space narrowing, osteophyte and Kellgren Lawrence grades. After controlling for important covariates, ethnicity was not a significant predictor of @entity158 and function. CONCLUSION: In this sample of male veterans, African Americans and Whites perceived the same degree of @entity158 and functional difficulties at any given radiographic severity of @entity571 . Differences in the perception of symptoms cannot explain the observed ethnic disparity in utilization of joint replacement.

title: Is there a difference in the perception of symptoms between african americans and whites with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['WOMAC pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity5513 surgery, the facial nerve (FN) course varies among @entity1 , but a dorsal pattern is rarely observed. We retrospectively reviewed and classified 556 @entity5513 operated on via a lateral suboccipital retrosigmoid (LSO) approach into two groups: dorsal (group D) and non-dorsal (group @entity11702 ). The clinical features and outcomes including functional preservation of the FN, the extent of @entity5 resection, and the retreatment rate were compared. Among 556 cases, 21 (3.8  %) @entity1 with dorsal patterns were identified. No significant differences in clinical features or preoperative status were noted between groups D and @entity11702 . No significant differences in functional FN preservation were found between groups D and @entity11702 in the immediate postoperative period (90.5 and 83.0  %, respectively) or 1-year postoperatively (95.2 and 97.0  %, respectively). Compared with group @entity11702 , the extent of @entity5 resection was significantly less (p   <   0.0001) and the retreatment rate was significantly higher in group D (hazard ratio, 33.6; 95  % confidence interval [CI], 11.7-96.1; p   <   0.0001). In one dorsal pattern case, surgical resection was abandoned based on the intraoperative findings. Dorsal displacement of the FN was accurately predicted with preoperative imaging evaluations in just two cases. Functional preservation of the FN during @entity5513 surgery is achievable if the FN runs along the dorsal side of the @entity5 . However, a dorsal pattern, especially when the FN is broadened, is clearly associated with less complete @entity5 removal and a higher rate of retreatment than typical pattern cases.

title: Dorsal displacement of the facial nerve in XXXX surgery: clinical features and surgical outcomes of 21 consecutive dorsal pattern cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: 1. The Vaseline-gap technique was used to record asymmetric charge movement in single white sternomastoid fibres of the @entity95 , both when the fibres were normally polarized (holding potential, -90 mV) and when they were subjected to prolonged depolarization (holding potential, 0 mV). 2. In normally polarized fibres, 10 microM- @entity594 suppressed substantial charge movement (charge 1) without any prior depolarization, showing that the asymmetric charge does not have to be activated for the drug to exert its action. 3. Examination of the charge moved over a potential range from -140 to +10 mV confirmed that @entity594 affects only that charge generated at potentials more positive than -60 mV. 4. It was shown that there was charge movement in fibres subjected to prolonged depolarization (charge 2), with the greatest movement of charge occurring at about -71 mV, and that this charge was unaffected by @entity594 . 5. The total capacitive charge, that is, the sum of 'linear' capacitive and asymmetric charges, moved between -90 and -80 mV, was the same in polarized and depolarized fibres. Furthermore, the amount of asymmetric charge moved between potentials in the range -140 to -70 mV was the same in polarized and depolarized fibres. These observations indicate that the asymmetric charge moved between -140 and -70 mV in polarized fibres (charge 1) and depolarized fibres (charge 2) are in fact the same charge movement. 6. These results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that prolonged depolarization or @entity594 can cause a transition between charge 1 and charge 2. The results also suggest that the charge movement involved in @entity460 release may be quite different from that usually assumed.

title: Asymmetric charge movement in polarized and depolarized muscle fibres of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy for preoperative locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) can improve the local control and overall survival rates. The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetric differences among volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), fixed-field intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for the LARC. Ten LARC @entity1 treated in our department using the simultaneous escalate strategy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All @entity1 had T3 with N+/- and were treated with IMRT. Two additional VMAT and 3DCRT plans were created for each @entity1 . VMAT plans were designed using SmartArc planning module. Both IMRT and SmartArc had similar optimization objectives. The prescription was 50 Gy to the planning clinical target volume ( @entity343 -C) and 56 Gy to the planning gross target volume ( @entity343 -G). The target coverage and organs at risk (OARs) were compared for all the techniques. The paired, two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for statistical analysis. Results of this study indicate that IMRT and SmartArc were all significantly superior to 3DCRT in most of the relevant values evaluated of target response, OARs and normal tissue sparing. They provided comparable dosimetric parameters for target volume. But IMRT shows better sparing for OARs and normal tissue.

title: Dosimetric comparisons of VMAT, IMRT and 3DCRT for locally advanced XXXX with simultaneous integrated boost.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: From September 1971 through December 1982, 153 @entity1 with @entity5 of the cervix underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at two of the teaching hospitals of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Records were retrospectively analyzed and independent pathologic review was performed. All surgical procedures were performed by fellows or senior residents under the direct supervision of the gynecologic oncology staff of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center or the Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland. In this series, IB @entity189 was defined as @entity957 clinically confined to the cervix with invasion greater than 5 mm from the basement membrane or any @entity420 confined to the cervix. The average age of the @entity1 was 38.3 years. The histologic types were squamous in 72%, @entity420 in 16%, and adenosquamous in 10.5%. The mean operating time was 5 hr and 40 min with an average @entity190 of 1800 cc. There were two ureterovaginal and two vesicovaginal fistulae for an overall fistula rate of 2.6%. Actuarial survival for these 153 @entity1 is 84%. This extends the previous series of R. C. Park, W. E. Patow, R. E. Rogers, and E. A. Zimmerman, Obstet. Gynecol. 41, 117-122 (1973) of 122 cases collected from 1961 to September 1971 to 275 cases. In comparing the two time periods, no significant differences were found in operative technique or complications, but there was a change in the incidence of @entity420 and mixed cell types and a difference in survival. A relatively higher incidence of @entity146 may indicate the need for different therapeutic approaches in the future.

title: Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for XXXX of the cervix: 21 years experience.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IB carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage IB carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacological management of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is recommended according to the individualized assessment of symptoms and exacerbation risks. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the baseline Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) @entity1353 scale and the @entity1030 Assessment Test (CAT) score and pharmacological treatment response in @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: A total of 102 stable @entity1030 @entity1 who were enrolled in prospective cohort studies were analyzed. Pharmacological treatment responses after a 3-month treatment were assessed by changes on the mMRC @entity1353 scale, CAT scores, and spirometric pulmonary functions. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 with a mMRC @entity1353 scale  <=1 were classified as having "less @entity1353 " and 40 @entity1 with a mMRC @entity1353 scale >= 2 as having "more @entity1353 ". After a 3-month treatment, the mean mMRC @entity1353 scale in the "more @entity1353 " group was significantly decreased versus the "less @entity1353 " group; however, there were no significant differences in CAT score changes or spirometric pulmonary function changes between the two groups. Baseline mMRC scales (Spearman's rho =-0.591, P<0.001) and baseline CAT scores (Pearson's r =-0.337, P=0.001) were significantly correlated with their changes after a 3-month treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that baseline mMRC scale and CAT score were the only independent predictors of improvement greater than a minimal clinically significant difference after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of @entity1030 symptoms is associated with their response to pharmacotherapy. @entity1030 @entity1 with a higher baseline mMRC @entity1353 scale and CAT score experience greater symptom reduction by pharmacotherapy.

title: Pharmacological treatment response according to the severity of symptoms in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacological management of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is recommended according to the individualized assessment of symptoms and exacerbation risks. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the baseline Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) @entity1353 scale and the @entity1030 Assessment Test (CAT) score and pharmacological treatment response in @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: A total of 102 stable @entity1030 @entity1 who were enrolled in prospective cohort studies were analyzed. Pharmacological treatment responses after a 3-month treatment were assessed by changes on the mMRC @entity1353 scale, CAT scores, and spirometric pulmonary functions. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 with a mMRC @entity1353 scale  <=1 were classified as having "less @entity1353 " and 40 @entity1 with a mMRC @entity1353 scale >= 2 as having "more @entity1353 ". After a 3-month treatment, the mean mMRC @entity1353 scale in the "more @entity1353 " group was significantly decreased versus the "less @entity1353 " group; however, there were no significant differences in CAT score changes or spirometric pulmonary function changes between the two groups. Baseline mMRC scales (Spearman's rho =-0.591, P<0.001) and baseline CAT scores (Pearson's r =-0.337, P=0.001) were significantly correlated with their changes after a 3-month treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that baseline mMRC scale and CAT score were the only independent predictors of improvement greater than a minimal clinically significant difference after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of @entity1030 symptoms is associated with their response to pharmacotherapy. @entity1030 @entity1 with a higher baseline mMRC @entity1353 scale and CAT score experience greater symptom reduction by pharmacotherapy.

title: Pharmacological treatment response according to the severity of symptoms in XXXX with @entity1030 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although there is evidence of improved functional outcomes with our "integrated care pathway" for @entity173 , we do not know if there is a significant difference in functional recovery of activities of daily living and attainment of independence in self-care between @entity1 who underwent fixation and those treated with arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether such a difference exists in surgically fixed @entity173 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity173 treated surgically were divided into group A (internal fixation, n = 213) and group B (arthroplasty, n = 199). Demographic data, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, time to surgery, and length of stay were recorded. Inpatient complications and mortality rates were also documented. Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores were recorded for the following intervals: prefall, discharge, 6-month, and at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age (A: 80 years and B: 81years), CCI (A: 5.41 and B: 5.43), and length of stay (A: 13.6 days and B: 15.2 days) were not significantly different. However, there was a significant difference (P < .05) in time to surgery (A: 102.2 hours and B: 86.6 hours). Complication rates were about 6% in both groups (A = 6.57%: urinary infections = 13, wound infections = 1 and B = 6.03%: urinary infections = 10, wound infections = 1, pressure ulcer = 1). The preinjury MBI scores were significantly different (P < .05; A: 91.65 and B: 88.19), however, there was no significant difference in scores measured at discharge (A: 60.79 and B: 59.39), 6 months (A: 77.65 and B: 77.47) and 1 year (A: 80.71 and B: 83.03). @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity173 had overall recovered 90.9% of their preinjury function (overall MBI at 1 year: 81.83). CONCLUSION: The MBI scores reflect the extent of attainment of independence in self-care, and actual functional recovery is gauged from the percentage of recovery of preinjury function at 1 year postsurgery. We conclude that the type of surgery may not be a significant factor in determining independence in self-care although @entity1 who had arthroplasty had recovered more function at 1 year postsurgery than those who underwent fixation (percentage recovery of preinjury function-A: 88.1% and B: 94.1%).

title: Fixation Versus Replacement in XXXX : Does Functional Outcome and Independence in Self-Care Differ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric hip fractures', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Geriatric Hip Fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. When 12-to-21-year-olds start using prescription @entity158 relievers extra-medically, some of them transition into @entity4784 within 12 months after such use. Our main aim for this epidemiological research on 12-to-21-year-olds in the United States (US) is to estimate the risk of becoming a newly incident case of @entity4784 within 12 months after onset of using prescription @entity158 relievers extra-medically (EMPPR). Methods. Meta-analyses from multiple independent replication samples now are possible, based upon nationally representative survey samples of US adolescents age 12-21 years. All 12-to-21-year-olds were sampled and recruited for the US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, with standardized assessments of EMPPR use and @entity4784 (NSDUH, 2002-2013). Results. Peak risk for a transition from start of EMPPR use to @entity4784 within 12 months is seen at mid-adolescence among 14-to-15-year-olds (6.3%, 8.7% per year), somewhat earlier than peak risk for starting EMPPR use (seen for 16-to-19-year-olds at 4.1%, 5.9% per year). Applied to 12-to-21-year-olds in the US between 2002-2013, an estimated 8 million started using PPR extra-medically. Each year, roughly 42,000 to 58,000 transitioned into @entity4784 within 12 months after onset of such use. Discussion. These epidemiological estimates for the US in recent years teach us to expect one transition into adolescent-onset @entity4784 within 12 months for every 11-16 newly incident EMPPR users, yielding perhaps 120 newly incident opioid dependent cases in need of practitioner attention or treatment services, each day of each year. This evidence can be used to motivate more effective public health prevention, outreach, and early intervention programs as might prevent or delay occurrence of EMPPR use and @entity4784 .

title: Epidemiological evidence on extra-medical use of prescription XXXX relievers: transitions from newly incident use to dependence among 12-21 year olds in the United States using meta-analysis, 2002-13.

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Incomplete @entity121 rotator cuff tears (ITRCT) adjacent to the bursal sac were diagnosed preoperatively by subacromial bursography and confirmed by surgical exposure. There were five @entity1 and one @entity1 with an average age of 41.8 years. The preoperative duration of shoulder @entity158 ranged from four to 36 months (average, 15.8 months). Clinical manifestations included crepitus and a @entity158 arc in five of the six cases. Glenohumeral arthrography was normal in all cases. Subacromial bursography, subsequently performed, revealed pooling of the contrast medium in a torn area of the bursal side of the rotator cuff in all cases. Surgical treatment was recommended after the failure of conservative treatment for three to ten months. The surgical treatment consisted of both anterior acromioplasty and tendon suture. Wedge resection and shoelace suture repair of the tendon produced satisfactory results in all cases followed for ten to 72 months (average, 44.3 months). ITRCT adherent to the bursal sac were noted in 2.4% of a cadaver survey. Subacromial bursography can be a useful diagnostic procedure for this specific entity in @entity5818 .

title: Incomplete XXXX rotator cuff tears diagnosed by subacromial bursography.

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['thickness']


abstract: The thyroid function and antithyroidal antibody were studied in 17 @entity1 with @entity1374 unrelated to pregnancy. The antimicrosomal hemagglutination antibody (MCHA) was negative in ten of them (group I) and was positive in seven (group II). At one month after the @entity2743 , thyroid function became normal in both groups. At two months after the onset of @entity2743 , in group I T4 (8.1 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl, Mean +/- SD), T3 (113 +/- 25 ng/dl) and TSH were normal. At that time T4 (2.8 +/- 2.2 micrograms/dl) was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) compared with those of group I and the levels of TSH were strikingly increased in 6 @entity1 in group II. The level of @entity6402 was not different from that of group I. Therefore MCHA was negative in @entity1 who did not develop @entity1375 and MCHA was positive in @entity1 who developed @entity1375 . The development of @entity1375 two months after @entity2743 and positive MCHA are correlated. The Tg was elevated in 7 out of 13 @entity1 (54%) with negative antithyroglobulin hemagglutination antibody and in the remainder was normal during @entity2743 . The discrepancy between the level of Tg and thyroid hormones was discussed.

title: Thyroid function and antimicrosomal antibody during the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['silent thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['silent thyroiditis']


abstract: Nine rowers (six @entity1 of the regional and three @entity1 of the national top class) participated in the study. During 7 consecutive weeks of the competition period serum @entity251 (T), @entity443 , @entity701 (C) and @entity1133 were determined at the same time every morning under fasting conditions. From the concentrations of T and @entity443 the free @entity251 fraction (T/ @entity443 ) was calculated, and from the concentrations of T and C the ratio of T/C was derived. The object of the investigation was to gather information on a potentially altered anabolic-catabolic hormone relationship dependent upon the intensity of the individual training periods. All rowers showed a continuous decrease in T, T/ @entity443 and T/C during the observation period. A week of regenerative training halted the decrease. In two of the oarsmen who discontinued their training after 2 and 3 weeks respectively, T, T/ @entity443 and T/C showed a normalization in the following weeks. In all subjects the concentrations of @entity1133 increased during the first 2 weeks and decreased during the subsequent weeks of intense training and competition. The findings suggest an increase in catabolic activity in periods of intensive physical strain, including competitions. Regenerative phases of training seem to reduce the anabolic-catabolic imbalance.

title: A 7-week follow-up study of the behaviour of XXXX and @entity701 during the competition period in rowers.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: Nine rowers (six @entity1 of the regional and three @entity1 of the national top class) participated in the study. During 7 consecutive weeks of the competition period serum @entity251 (T), @entity443 , @entity701 (C) and @entity1133 were determined at the same time every morning under fasting conditions. From the concentrations of T and @entity443 the free @entity251 fraction (T/ @entity443 ) was calculated, and from the concentrations of T and C the ratio of T/C was derived. The object of the investigation was to gather information on a potentially altered anabolic-catabolic hormone relationship dependent upon the intensity of the individual training periods. All rowers showed a continuous decrease in T, T/ @entity443 and T/C during the observation period. A week of regenerative training halted the decrease. In two of the oarsmen who discontinued their training after 2 and 3 weeks respectively, T, T/ @entity443 and T/C showed a normalization in the following weeks. In all subjects the concentrations of @entity1133 increased during the first 2 weeks and decreased during the subsequent weeks of intense training and competition. The findings suggest an increase in catabolic activity in periods of intensive physical strain, including competitions. Regenerative phases of training seem to reduce the anabolic-catabolic imbalance.

title: A 7-week follow-up study of the behaviour of @entity251 and XXXX during the competition period in rowers.

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: The possible synergism of @entity900 (P) and @entity1487 was studied in 38 consecutive @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity14 . @entity900 60 mg/m2 i.v.q. 4 weeks and @entity1487 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly were administered for at least 2 cycles, on an out- @entity1 basis, to 24 males and 14 females with a median age of 57 years and a median PS of 80 (Karnofsky). @entity75 were: primary unresectable @entity5 in 2 @entity1 , local recurrence in 11, liver, lung, bone and soft tissue metastases in 21, 7, 2 and 3 @entity1 respectively. With a median number of 3 cycles administered to 35 evaluable @entity1 , 6 partial responses, 16 unchanged and 13 progressions were observed. Responses were observed in the liver (2 @entity1 ), lungs (1) and soft tissues (3). Median remission duration was 15 weeks, median duration of 'unchanged' was 12 weeks. The overall median survival was 24 weeks (30.5 weeks for responders and 22.5 weeks for non-responders). Six @entity1 were pretreated with chemotherapy not containing @entity900 (mainly adjuvant @entity1487 ). None of them responded. @entity137 was very tolerable with moderate @entity390 , @entity391 and alopecia in the majority of the @entity1 ; @entity236 was generally mild with no blood transfusions required, no complications of myelosuppression ( @entity295 or @entity548 ) and no chemotherapy-related @entity204 . In this experience the combination of low dose @entity900 with @entity1487 , does not appear to significantly enhance @entity1487 @entity137 and the response rate is not superior to that reported with @entity1487 alone. However, better designed schedule combinations with optimal doses, sequences and exposure time of the 2-drug regimen, seem necessary to obtain the biochemical events that support the potentiation.

title: XXXX and @entity1487 combination chemotherapy in advanced and/or metastatic @entity14 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Evaluable lesions']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: The possible synergism of @entity900 (P) and @entity1487 was studied in 38 consecutive @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity14 . @entity900 60 mg/m2 i.v.q. 4 weeks and @entity1487 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly were administered for at least 2 cycles, on an out- @entity1 basis, to 24 males and 14 females with a median age of 57 years and a median PS of 80 (Karnofsky). @entity75 were: primary unresectable @entity5 in 2 @entity1 , local recurrence in 11, liver, lung, bone and soft tissue metastases in 21, 7, 2 and 3 @entity1 respectively. With a median number of 3 cycles administered to 35 evaluable @entity1 , 6 partial responses, 16 unchanged and 13 progressions were observed. Responses were observed in the liver (2 @entity1 ), lungs (1) and soft tissues (3). Median remission duration was 15 weeks, median duration of 'unchanged' was 12 weeks. The overall median survival was 24 weeks (30.5 weeks for responders and 22.5 weeks for non-responders). Six @entity1 were pretreated with chemotherapy not containing @entity900 (mainly adjuvant @entity1487 ). None of them responded. @entity137 was very tolerable with moderate @entity390 , @entity391 and alopecia in the majority of the @entity1 ; @entity236 was generally mild with no blood transfusions required, no complications of myelosuppression ( @entity295 or @entity548 ) and no chemotherapy-related @entity204 . In this experience the combination of low dose @entity900 with @entity1487 , does not appear to significantly enhance @entity1487 @entity137 and the response rate is not superior to that reported with @entity1487 alone. However, better designed schedule combinations with optimal doses, sequences and exposure time of the 2-drug regimen, seem necessary to obtain the biochemical events that support the potentiation.

title: @entity900 and @entity1487 combination chemotherapy in advanced and/or metastatic XXXX : a phase II study.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: The possible synergism of @entity900 (P) and @entity1487 was studied in 38 consecutive @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity14 . @entity900 60 mg/m2 i.v.q. 4 weeks and @entity1487 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly were administered for at least 2 cycles, on an out- @entity1 basis, to 24 males and 14 females with a median age of 57 years and a median PS of 80 (Karnofsky). @entity75 were: primary unresectable @entity5 in 2 @entity1 , local recurrence in 11, liver, lung, bone and soft tissue metastases in 21, 7, 2 and 3 @entity1 respectively. With a median number of 3 cycles administered to 35 evaluable @entity1 , 6 partial responses, 16 unchanged and 13 progressions were observed. Responses were observed in the liver (2 @entity1 ), lungs (1) and soft tissues (3). Median remission duration was 15 weeks, median duration of 'unchanged' was 12 weeks. The overall median survival was 24 weeks (30.5 weeks for responders and 22.5 weeks for non-responders). Six @entity1 were pretreated with chemotherapy not containing @entity900 (mainly adjuvant @entity1487 ). None of them responded. @entity137 was very tolerable with moderate @entity390 , @entity391 and alopecia in the majority of the @entity1 ; @entity236 was generally mild with no blood transfusions required, no complications of myelosuppression ( @entity295 or @entity548 ) and no chemotherapy-related @entity204 . In this experience the combination of low dose @entity900 with @entity1487 , does not appear to significantly enhance @entity1487 @entity137 and the response rate is not superior to that reported with @entity1487 alone. However, better designed schedule combinations with optimal doses, sequences and exposure time of the 2-drug regimen, seem necessary to obtain the biochemical events that support the potentiation.

title: @entity900 and XXXX combination chemotherapy in advanced and/or metastatic @entity14 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: We previously showed in a small group of donors that eosinophils from a subgroup of individuals responded equipotently to CC chemokine ligand ( @entity14700 /eotaxin and @entity10557 / @entity10557 in assays of eosinophil shape change ( @entity10557 / @entity10557 -highly responsive (MHR) donors). In this study, we investigated the functional role of @entity10557 in eosinophil responses in 73 donors. MHR donors, identified by their eosinophil shape change responses, represented approximately 19% of the donor pool. Eosinophils from these donors showed increased eosinophil @entity16951 expression and also underwent @entity10557 -mediated chemotaxis and up-regulation of @entity9536 . All MHR donors gave a history of @entity66 . In a further study, we prospectively recruited 110 subjects, subdivided into nonatopics or atopics, and investigated expression of @entity16951 and @entity23427 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. Eosinophil @entity16951 expression was non-normally distributed in atopics, although higher @entity16951 expression levels were not predictive of a diagnosis of @entity402 or @entity66 . We identified the @entity16951 promoter and investigated its function. We found a minimal promoter within 177 bp of the transcription start site, and an upstream enhancer region that facilitated expression in leukocyte cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MHR individuals form an important subgroup that, when associated with a diagnosis of @entity56 , may require tailored therapy to modulate eosinophil recruitment. Identification of a functional @entity16951 promoter will facilitate the study of possible genetic determinants underlying this potentially important clinical phenotype.

title: Variations in eosinophil chemokine responses: an investigation of @entity16951 and XXXX function, expression in @entity402 , and identification of a functional @entity16951 promoter.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopy-associated diseases', 'atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['CCL3', 'macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha']

answer: @entity23427 :: (1232,Gene) :: ['CCR3']


abstract: We previously showed in a small group of donors that eosinophils from a subgroup of individuals responded equipotently to CC chemokine ligand ( @entity14700 /eotaxin and @entity10557 / @entity10557 in assays of eosinophil shape change ( @entity10557 / @entity10557 -highly responsive (MHR) donors). In this study, we investigated the functional role of @entity10557 in eosinophil responses in 73 donors. MHR donors, identified by their eosinophil shape change responses, represented approximately 19% of the donor pool. Eosinophils from these donors showed increased eosinophil @entity16951 expression and also underwent @entity10557 -mediated chemotaxis and up-regulation of @entity9536 . All MHR donors gave a history of @entity66 . In a further study, we prospectively recruited 110 subjects, subdivided into nonatopics or atopics, and investigated expression of @entity16951 and @entity23427 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. Eosinophil @entity16951 expression was non-normally distributed in atopics, although higher @entity16951 expression levels were not predictive of a diagnosis of @entity402 or @entity66 . We identified the @entity16951 promoter and investigated its function. We found a minimal promoter within 177 bp of the transcription start site, and an upstream enhancer region that facilitated expression in leukocyte cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MHR individuals form an important subgroup that, when associated with a diagnosis of @entity56 , may require tailored therapy to modulate eosinophil recruitment. Identification of a functional @entity16951 promoter will facilitate the study of possible genetic determinants underlying this potentially important clinical phenotype.

title: Variations in eosinophil chemokine responses: an investigation of XXXX and @entity23427 function, expression in @entity402 , and identification of a functional @entity16951 promoter.

answer: @entity16951 :: (1230,Gene) :: ['CCR1']


abstract: We previously showed in a small group of donors that eosinophils from a subgroup of individuals responded equipotently to CC chemokine ligand ( @entity14700 /eotaxin and @entity10557 / @entity10557 in assays of eosinophil shape change ( @entity10557 / @entity10557 -highly responsive (MHR) donors). In this study, we investigated the functional role of @entity10557 in eosinophil responses in 73 donors. MHR donors, identified by their eosinophil shape change responses, represented approximately 19% of the donor pool. Eosinophils from these donors showed increased eosinophil @entity16951 expression and also underwent @entity10557 -mediated chemotaxis and up-regulation of @entity9536 . All MHR donors gave a history of @entity66 . In a further study, we prospectively recruited 110 subjects, subdivided into nonatopics or atopics, and investigated expression of @entity16951 and @entity23427 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. Eosinophil @entity16951 expression was non-normally distributed in atopics, although higher @entity16951 expression levels were not predictive of a diagnosis of @entity402 or @entity66 . We identified the @entity16951 promoter and investigated its function. We found a minimal promoter within 177 bp of the transcription start site, and an upstream enhancer region that facilitated expression in leukocyte cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MHR individuals form an important subgroup that, when associated with a diagnosis of @entity56 , may require tailored therapy to modulate eosinophil recruitment. Identification of a functional @entity16951 promoter will facilitate the study of possible genetic determinants underlying this potentially important clinical phenotype.

title: Variations in eosinophil chemokine responses: an investigation of @entity16951 and @entity23427 function, expression in @entity402 , and identification of a functional XXXX promoter.

answer: @entity16951 :: (1230,Gene) :: ['CCR1']


abstract: We previously showed in a small group of donors that eosinophils from a subgroup of individuals responded equipotently to CC chemokine ligand ( @entity14700 /eotaxin and @entity10557 / @entity10557 in assays of eosinophil shape change ( @entity10557 / @entity10557 -highly responsive (MHR) donors). In this study, we investigated the functional role of @entity10557 in eosinophil responses in 73 donors. MHR donors, identified by their eosinophil shape change responses, represented approximately 19% of the donor pool. Eosinophils from these donors showed increased eosinophil @entity16951 expression and also underwent @entity10557 -mediated chemotaxis and up-regulation of @entity9536 . All MHR donors gave a history of @entity66 . In a further study, we prospectively recruited 110 subjects, subdivided into nonatopics or atopics, and investigated expression of @entity16951 and @entity23427 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. Eosinophil @entity16951 expression was non-normally distributed in atopics, although higher @entity16951 expression levels were not predictive of a diagnosis of @entity402 or @entity66 . We identified the @entity16951 promoter and investigated its function. We found a minimal promoter within 177 bp of the transcription start site, and an upstream enhancer region that facilitated expression in leukocyte cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MHR individuals form an important subgroup that, when associated with a diagnosis of @entity56 , may require tailored therapy to modulate eosinophil recruitment. Identification of a functional @entity16951 promoter will facilitate the study of possible genetic determinants underlying this potentially important clinical phenotype.

title: Variations in eosinophil chemokine responses: an investigation of @entity16951 and @entity23427 function, expression in XXXX , and identification of a functional @entity16951 promoter.

answer: @entity402 :: (MESH:C564133,Disease) :: ['atopy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Selective mutism (SM) is a debilitating condition in which a @entity1 does not speak in social situations where speech is expected. The clinical conceptualization of SM has been debated historically, with evidence pointing partly to anxious and oppositional behavior profiles. Behavioral characteristics were examined in a clinical sample of 57 youth formally diagnosed with selective mutism. Parents rated @entity1 across internalizing and externalizing behaviors on the @entity1 Behavior Checklist. Eighteen highly rated items were subjected to exploratory and then confirmatory factor analysis. @entity148 and oppositional behavior factors were derived. The anxious behavior profile was associated with @entity148 , social problems, and @entity146 but not @entity952 . The oppositional behavior profile was associated with @entity146 , @entity952 , social problems, and inversely to @entity148 . Results are consistent with emerging research regarding subgroups of @entity1 with SM. Behavior profiles are discussed as well with respect to assessment and treatment implications. LEARNING OUTCOMES: Readers will learn about the nature of @entity1 with selective mutism as well as behaviors that differentiate anxious and oppositional behavior profiles. Items that comprise anxious and oppositional behavior profiles are presented. These item profiles may have ramifications for assessment and treatment.

title: XXXX and oppositional behavior profiles among youth with selective mutism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'social anxiety disorder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using structural equation modeling, this study is one of the first efforts aimed at assessing influential factors causing gender differences in the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and @entity209 . METHODS: A sample of 950 adults, from Tehran Lipid and @entity413 Study were recruited for this cross sectional study in 2005-2007. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Iranian version of SF-36. @entity209 components (MetSCs) and physical and mental HRQoL were considered as continuous latent constructs explaining the variances of their observed components. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the association between the constructs of MetSCs and the physical and mental HRQoL within the two gender groups. RESULTS: Based on the primary hypothesis, MetSCs and HRQoL were fitted in a model. The negative effect of MetSCs on HRQoL was found to be significant only in the physical domain and only in @entity1 . The proportion of all the cardio-metabolic risk factors as well as subscales of physical HRQoL that have been explained via the two constructs of MetSCs and HRQoL, respectively, were significantly higher in @entity1 . Physical activity in both @entity1 (b = 3.19, p<0.05) and @entity1 (b = 3.94, p<0.05), age (b = -3.28, p<0.05), education (b = 2.63, p<0.05) only in @entity1 and smoking (b = 2.28, p<0.05) just in @entity1 , directly affected physical HRQoL. Regarding the mental domain, physical activity (b = 3.37, p<0.05) and marital status (b = 3.44, p<0.05) in @entity1 and age (b = 2.01, p<0.05) in @entity1 were direct effective factors. Age and education in @entity1 as well as smoking in @entity1 indirectly affected physical HRQoL via MetSCs. CONCLUSION: Gender differences in the association between MetSCs and physical HRQoL could mostly be attributed to the different structures of both MetSCs and physical HRQoL constructs in @entity1 and @entity1 . Age and smoking are the most important socio-behavioral factors which could affect this gender-specific association in the mental domain.

title: Factors Affecting Gender Differences in the Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and @entity209 Components: Tehran Lipid and XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using structural equation modeling, this study is one of the first efforts aimed at assessing influential factors causing gender differences in the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and @entity209 . METHODS: A sample of 950 adults, from Tehran Lipid and @entity413 Study were recruited for this cross sectional study in 2005-2007. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Iranian version of SF-36. @entity209 components (MetSCs) and physical and mental HRQoL were considered as continuous latent constructs explaining the variances of their observed components. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the association between the constructs of MetSCs and the physical and mental HRQoL within the two gender groups. RESULTS: Based on the primary hypothesis, MetSCs and HRQoL were fitted in a model. The negative effect of MetSCs on HRQoL was found to be significant only in the physical domain and only in @entity1 . The proportion of all the cardio-metabolic risk factors as well as subscales of physical HRQoL that have been explained via the two constructs of MetSCs and HRQoL, respectively, were significantly higher in @entity1 . Physical activity in both @entity1 (b = 3.19, p<0.05) and @entity1 (b = 3.94, p<0.05), age (b = -3.28, p<0.05), education (b = 2.63, p<0.05) only in @entity1 and smoking (b = 2.28, p<0.05) just in @entity1 , directly affected physical HRQoL. Regarding the mental domain, physical activity (b = 3.37, p<0.05) and marital status (b = 3.44, p<0.05) in @entity1 and age (b = 2.01, p<0.05) in @entity1 were direct effective factors. Age and education in @entity1 as well as smoking in @entity1 indirectly affected physical HRQoL via MetSCs. CONCLUSION: Gender differences in the association between MetSCs and physical HRQoL could mostly be attributed to the different structures of both MetSCs and physical HRQoL constructs in @entity1 and @entity1 . Age and smoking are the most important socio-behavioral factors which could affect this gender-specific association in the mental domain.

title: Factors Affecting Gender Differences in the Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and XXXX Components: Tehran Lipid and @entity413 Study.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Syndrome']


abstract: To evaluation the effect of experimental tonic cutaneous @entity158 on motor cortex excitability by means of @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). Thirty healthy adults (male: 12, female: 18) were tested with @entity9808 . @entity158 was induced by topical application of @entity2951 cream (0.025%) on the skin overlying the flexor carpi radialis of dominant limb. And the cream had been under an occlusive dressing for 40 minutes until we removed it. Magnetic stimulation was performed to the contralateral cortex with a circular coil at 80% intensity of maximum stimulator output. MEPs were recorded at flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and opponens pollicis (OP) with constant isometric contraction of 10%, 30% maximal @entity2472 (MVC). Main outcome measures the intensity of @entity158 by visual analog scale (VAS). The latency, amplitude and silent period of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Values at baseline and 20, 40, 60, 80 minutes from applying @entity2951 were compared. VAS score reached the peak value at 40 minutes. Amplitudes of MEPs at FCR progressively decreased up to 40 minutes than returned to nearly baseline value at 80 minutes. The decrease in MEP amplitude at FCR was accompanied by the increase in VAS score significantly and sustained for 20 min after washing out @entity2951 cream. At ECR _ OP, we could not demonstrate any changes in amplitude with time. Silent period at FCR only was significantly prolonged with the increase in VAS score. The present findings support that noxious cutaneous stimulation inhibit motor cortex excitability by so-called cortico-cortical circuits.

title: Evaluations of inhibitory effect on the motor cortex by cutaneous @entity158 via application of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Cutaneous pain']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: To evaluation the effect of experimental tonic cutaneous @entity158 on motor cortex excitability by means of @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). Thirty healthy adults (male: 12, female: 18) were tested with @entity9808 . @entity158 was induced by topical application of @entity2951 cream (0.025%) on the skin overlying the flexor carpi radialis of dominant limb. And the cream had been under an occlusive dressing for 40 minutes until we removed it. Magnetic stimulation was performed to the contralateral cortex with a circular coil at 80% intensity of maximum stimulator output. MEPs were recorded at flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and opponens pollicis (OP) with constant isometric contraction of 10%, 30% maximal @entity2472 (MVC). Main outcome measures the intensity of @entity158 by visual analog scale (VAS). The latency, amplitude and silent period of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Values at baseline and 20, 40, 60, 80 minutes from applying @entity2951 were compared. VAS score reached the peak value at 40 minutes. Amplitudes of MEPs at FCR progressively decreased up to 40 minutes than returned to nearly baseline value at 80 minutes. The decrease in MEP amplitude at FCR was accompanied by the increase in VAS score significantly and sustained for 20 min after washing out @entity2951 cream. At ECR _ OP, we could not demonstrate any changes in amplitude with time. Silent period at FCR only was significantly prolonged with the increase in VAS score. The present findings support that noxious cutaneous stimulation inhibit motor cortex excitability by so-called cortico-cortical circuits.

title: Evaluations of inhibitory effect on the motor cortex by cutaneous XXXX via application of @entity2951 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity855 exerts pronounced electrophysiologic effects in the @entity1 heart. The present study tested the hypothesis that the negative chronotropic action of @entity855 in the @entity235 sinus node is dependent on its degradation to @entity859 . Increasing doses of the following compounds were administered in the sinus nodal artery of 12 open chest @entity235 (either sex, 30-35 kg) anesthetized with @entity4485 (30 mg/kg i.v.): @entity859 , @entity855 , alpha,beta @entity845 - @entity855 (AMPCPP) and beta,gamma @entity845 - @entity855 ( @entity33268 ). Right atrial, His bundle and right ventricular electrograms as well as Lead II ECG and systemic arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously and recorded. The depressant effects of test compounds on the sinus node were assessed from the prolongation of sinus cycle length and the duration of junctional escape rhythm which they induced. Data were used to plot dose-response curves for the four test compounds. The order of potency was @entity859 greater than or equal to @entity855 greater than or equal to @entity33268 much greater than AMPCPP = 0. In 3 of 12 @entity235 the emergence of junctional escape rhythm was observed after the highest dose of either @entity859 , @entity855 or @entity33268 . In addition, @entity3416 , a selective competitive inhibitor of @entity859 at P1-purinoceptor site, reduced the effects of maximal doses of @entity859 , @entity855 and @entity33268 by 52 +/- 7, 67 +/- 8 and 72 +/- 6%, respectively (each, P less than .05; @entity33268 vs. @entity859 , P less than .05). The present data indicate that the negative chronotropic action of @entity855 is due to its rapid catabolism to @entity859 and the action of @entity859 at P1-purinoceptor sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX mediates the negative chronotropic action of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the @entity235 sinus node.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: @entity855 exerts pronounced electrophysiologic effects in the @entity1 heart. The present study tested the hypothesis that the negative chronotropic action of @entity855 in the @entity235 sinus node is dependent on its degradation to @entity859 . Increasing doses of the following compounds were administered in the sinus nodal artery of 12 open chest @entity235 (either sex, 30-35 kg) anesthetized with @entity4485 (30 mg/kg i.v.): @entity859 , @entity855 , alpha,beta @entity845 - @entity855 (AMPCPP) and beta,gamma @entity845 - @entity855 ( @entity33268 ). Right atrial, His bundle and right ventricular electrograms as well as Lead II ECG and systemic arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously and recorded. The depressant effects of test compounds on the sinus node were assessed from the prolongation of sinus cycle length and the duration of junctional escape rhythm which they induced. Data were used to plot dose-response curves for the four test compounds. The order of potency was @entity859 greater than or equal to @entity855 greater than or equal to @entity33268 much greater than AMPCPP = 0. In 3 of 12 @entity235 the emergence of junctional escape rhythm was observed after the highest dose of either @entity859 , @entity855 or @entity33268 . In addition, @entity3416 , a selective competitive inhibitor of @entity859 at P1-purinoceptor site, reduced the effects of maximal doses of @entity859 , @entity855 and @entity33268 by 52 +/- 7, 67 +/- 8 and 72 +/- 6%, respectively (each, P less than .05; @entity33268 vs. @entity859 , P less than .05). The present data indicate that the negative chronotropic action of @entity855 is due to its rapid catabolism to @entity859 and the action of @entity859 at P1-purinoceptor sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity859 mediates the negative chronotropic action of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the XXXX sinus node.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: This 3-week prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study compared @entity6850 fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution and @entity13205 0.1% ophthalmic solution in 66 @entity1 with @entity56 . The drugs were instilled twice daily. Signs and symptoms were assessed on days 5 (visit 2) and 21 (visit 3). Other efficacy variables were the responder rate ( @entity1 with excellent or good global efficacy on days 5 and 21) and @entity1 and investigator ratings of global efficacy. Comfort was evaluated immediately after instillation of the first drop and at each follow-up visit. The frequency of adverse events was the safety assessment. The responder rate was higher with @entity6850 than with @entity13205 on day 5 (72% vs 54% for @entity1 assessment, 88% vs 55% for investigator assessment) and day 21 (91% vs 55%, 94% vs 42%). Global efficacy ratings were higher with @entity6850 , and severity scores for @entity450 and itching were significantly lower. Both drugs elicited comparable comfort ratings. The most common adverse events were burning/stinging and @entity10 .

title: @entity6850 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity56 : a real-world comparison of efficacy and ocular comfort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13205 :: ('MESH:C074921', 'Chemical') :: ['olopatadine hydrochloride', 'olopatadine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen']

answer: @entity13205 :: (MESH:C074921,Chemical) :: ['olopatadine hydrochloride']


abstract: This 3-week prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study compared @entity6850 fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution and @entity13205 0.1% ophthalmic solution in 66 @entity1 with @entity56 . The drugs were instilled twice daily. Signs and symptoms were assessed on days 5 (visit 2) and 21 (visit 3). Other efficacy variables were the responder rate ( @entity1 with excellent or good global efficacy on days 5 and 21) and @entity1 and investigator ratings of global efficacy. Comfort was evaluated immediately after instillation of the first drop and at each follow-up visit. The frequency of adverse events was the safety assessment. The responder rate was higher with @entity6850 than with @entity13205 on day 5 (72% vs 54% for @entity1 assessment, 88% vs 55% for investigator assessment) and day 21 (91% vs 55%, 94% vs 42%). Global efficacy ratings were higher with @entity6850 , and severity scores for @entity450 and itching were significantly lower. Both drugs elicited comparable comfort ratings. The most common adverse events were burning/stinging and @entity10 .

title: @entity6850 and @entity13205 in the treatment of XXXX : a real-world comparison of efficacy and ocular comfort.

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']


abstract: This 3-week prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study compared @entity6850 fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution and @entity13205 0.1% ophthalmic solution in 66 @entity1 with @entity56 . The drugs were instilled twice daily. Signs and symptoms were assessed on days 5 (visit 2) and 21 (visit 3). Other efficacy variables were the responder rate ( @entity1 with excellent or good global efficacy on days 5 and 21) and @entity1 and investigator ratings of global efficacy. Comfort was evaluated immediately after instillation of the first drop and at each follow-up visit. The frequency of adverse events was the safety assessment. The responder rate was higher with @entity6850 than with @entity13205 on day 5 (72% vs 54% for @entity1 assessment, 88% vs 55% for investigator assessment) and day 21 (91% vs 55%, 94% vs 42%). Global efficacy ratings were higher with @entity6850 , and severity scores for @entity450 and itching were significantly lower. Both drugs elicited comparable comfort ratings. The most common adverse events were burning/stinging and @entity10 .

title: XXXX and @entity13205 in the treatment of @entity56 : a real-world comparison of efficacy and ocular comfort.

answer: @entity6850 :: (MESH:D007665,Chemical) :: ['Ketotifen fumarate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25 is a prevalent and clinically significant feature of @entity162 . However, there are aspects of @entity162 that have been minimally characterized. This study aims to fill several gaps in the literature by examining the prevalence, coexistence, and persistence of @entity25 retrospectively across a five-year period in @entity162 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity162 I and comorbid @entity22 who were currently inter-episode completed the NIMH Retrospective Life-Charting Methodology (the life chart). The life chart was used to document the prevalence, coexistence, and persistence of @entity22 , @entity2147 , delayed sleep phase, reduced sleep need, and irregular sleep patterns across the course of five years. RESULTS: Across the five year period, @entity162 months were primarily characterized by reduced sleep need (62.8%) and @entity22 (38.1%), @entity308 by @entity2147 (56.0%) and @entity22 (51.9%), mixed months by all five types of @entity25 , and inter-episode months by @entity22 (67.4%). There was coexistence in the types of @entity25 experienced. Further, each type of @entity25 demonstrated persistence across the five years, with persistence rates being the highest for @entity22 (49.0-58.8%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity25 is a prevalent and complex feature across mood episodes and inter-episode periods of @entity162 . Further, there is variation in the types of @entity25 experienced.

title: A Retrospective Examination of Sleep Disturbance across the Course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'sleep and bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive months']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disturbance', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar Disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With the rising demand for renewable energy and environmental protection, anaerobic digestion of biogas technology has attracted considerable attention within the scientific community. The effect of physico-chemical pretreatment on cellulose degradation followed by fungal treatment by @entity13473 and Trichoderma viride to treat cellulosic biomass for enhancing its digestibility was investigated. The tested substrate was digested with and without physical, chemical, and biological treatment. Fresh leaves, dry leaves and @entity291 dung were characterized by a total solids content 35, 84 and 17  %, volatile solids content 81.2, 59.49 and 64.5  % and C/N ratio 31, 45.4 and 13.6, respectively. Biogas total volume was determined using water replacement technique, while @entity577 volume was determined using precipitation of @entity3158 in 20  % @entity6674 solution. Pretreatment steps were carried out by using mechanical and chemical pretreatments using 2.5  % @entity6674 mixed with 2.5  % @entity13546 for 15  days, followed by biological treatment of A. terreus and T. viride. The potential of pretreatment of substrate was studied at regular intervals of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70  days determining the change in chemical and physical compositions of used substrates. Biogas production was 102.6 and 125.9  L/KgVS from untreated and pretreated substrate, respectively. On the other hand, @entity577 production was 61.4 and 79.8  L/KgVS from untreated and pretreated substrate, respectively. In conclusion, Physical (milling), chemical ( @entity6674 and @entity13546 ) pretreatment in addition to fungal (A. terreus and T. viride) treatment for the tested substrate prior to @entity195 was an efficient process for improvement of biogas and @entity577 production.

title: Physico-chemical pretreatment and fungal biotreatment for park wastes and XXXX dung for biogas production.

entities_list: @entity13473 :: ('33178', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus terreus']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether online diffusion of the "Ten Warning Signs of @entity1200 ( @entity1200 )'' adheres to accepted scientific standards. METHODS: We analyzed how reproducible is online diffusion of a unique instrument, the "Ten Warning Signs of @entity1200 ", created by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF), by Google-assisted searches among highly visited sites from professional, @entity4207 and scientific organizations; governmental agencies; and @entity1 support/advocacy organizations. We examined the diffusion, consistency of use and adequate referencing of this instrument. Where applicable, variant versions of the instrument were examined for changes in factual content that would have practical impact on physicians or on @entity1 and their families. RESULTS: Among the first 100 sites identified by Google search, 85 faithfully reproduced the JMF model, and correctly referenced to its source. By contrast, the other 15 also referenced the JMF source but presented one or more changes in content relative to their purported model and therefore represent uncontrolled variants, of unknown origin. Discrepancies identified in the latter included changes in factual content of the original JMF list (C), as well as removal (R) and introduction (I) of novel signs (Table 2), all made without reference to any scientific publications that might account for the drastic changes in factual content. Factual changes include changes in the number of @entity166 episodes considered necessary to raise suspicion of @entity1200 , as well as the inclusion of various medical conditions not mentioned in the original. Together, these changes will affect the way physicians use the instrument to consult or to inform @entity1 , and the way @entity1 and families think about the need for specialist consultation in view of a possible @entity1200 diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The retrieved adaptations and variants, which significantly depart from the original instrument, raise concerns about standards for scientific information provided online to physicians, @entity1 and families.

title: How reliable is online diffusion of medical information targeting XXXX and families?

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in @entity19 . METHODS: Sixty six-week-old C57BL/6 @entity19 were used. Full-thickness wounds were made with an 8-mm diameter punch. Two wounds were made on each side of the back, and wounds were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Rose placenta (250   g) was injected in the experimental group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Wound sizes were measured with digital photography, and specimens were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ), @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ), @entity641 ( @entity641 ), and @entity5231 . Vessel density was measured. Quantitative analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for @entity6354 was performed. All evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test. RESULTS: On days 4, 7, and 10, the wounds treated with rose placenta were significantly smaller. On day 2, @entity1611 and @entity6354 expression increased in the experimental group. On days 7 and 10, @entity641 expression decreased in the experimental group. On day 10, vessel density increased in the experimental group. The increase in @entity6354 on day 2 was confirmed with ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: Rose placenta was found to be associated with improved wound healing in a @entity19 full-thickness wound model via increased @entity6354 release. Rose placenta may potentially be a novel drug candidate for enhancing wound healing.

title: Wound Healing Effects of Rose Placenta in a XXXX Model of Full-Thickness Wounds.

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-b1']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is still difficult to prevent partial or full-thickness flap @entity39 . In this study, the effects of a cream containing @entity4746 and @entity27178 on the viability of randompattern skin flaps were studied. METHODS: Forty female @entity35 were divided into two equal groups. Caudally based dorsal random-pattern skin flaps were elevated, including the panniculus carnosus. In the study group, 1.5 mL of a cream containing @entity4746 and @entity27178 was applied to the skin of the flap, and saline solution (0.9%) was used in the control group. Upon completion of the experiment, flap @entity39 was analyzed with imaging software and radionuclide scintigraphy. Histopathological measurements were made of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, and the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle. RESULTS: According to the photographic analysis, the mean viable flap surface area in the study group was larger than that in the control group (P=0.004). According to the scintigrams, no change in radioactivity uptake was seen in the study group (P>0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in the control group (P=0.006). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, or the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, it is certain that the cream did not reduce the viability of the flaps. Due to its vasodilatory effect, it can be used as a component of the dressing in reconstructive operations where skin perfusion is compromised.

title: The Vasodilator Effect of a Cream Containing 10% XXXX and 15% @entity27178 on Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity27178 :: ('MESH:C033069', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl salicylate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity4746 :: (MESH:D008610,Chemical) :: ['Menthol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is still difficult to prevent partial or full-thickness flap @entity39 . In this study, the effects of a cream containing @entity4746 and @entity27178 on the viability of randompattern skin flaps were studied. METHODS: Forty female @entity35 were divided into two equal groups. Caudally based dorsal random-pattern skin flaps were elevated, including the panniculus carnosus. In the study group, 1.5 mL of a cream containing @entity4746 and @entity27178 was applied to the skin of the flap, and saline solution (0.9%) was used in the control group. Upon completion of the experiment, flap @entity39 was analyzed with imaging software and radionuclide scintigraphy. Histopathological measurements were made of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, and the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle. RESULTS: According to the photographic analysis, the mean viable flap surface area in the study group was larger than that in the control group (P=0.004). According to the scintigrams, no change in radioactivity uptake was seen in the study group (P>0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in the control group (P=0.006). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, or the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, it is certain that the cream did not reduce the viability of the flaps. Due to its vasodilatory effect, it can be used as a component of the dressing in reconstructive operations where skin perfusion is compromised.

title: The Vasodilator Effect of a Cream Containing 10% @entity4746 and 15% XXXX on Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in @entity35 .

answer: @entity27178 :: (MESH:C033069,Chemical) :: ['Methyl Salicylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is still difficult to prevent partial or full-thickness flap @entity39 . In this study, the effects of a cream containing @entity4746 and @entity27178 on the viability of randompattern skin flaps were studied. METHODS: Forty female @entity35 were divided into two equal groups. Caudally based dorsal random-pattern skin flaps were elevated, including the panniculus carnosus. In the study group, 1.5 mL of a cream containing @entity4746 and @entity27178 was applied to the skin of the flap, and saline solution (0.9%) was used in the control group. Upon completion of the experiment, flap @entity39 was analyzed with imaging software and radionuclide scintigraphy. Histopathological measurements were made of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, and the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle. RESULTS: According to the photographic analysis, the mean viable flap surface area in the study group was larger than that in the control group (P=0.004). According to the scintigrams, no change in radioactivity uptake was seen in the study group (P>0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in the control group (P=0.006). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, or the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, it is certain that the cream did not reduce the viability of the flaps. Due to its vasodilatory effect, it can be used as a component of the dressing in reconstructive operations where skin perfusion is compromised.

title: The Vasodilator Effect of a Cream Containing 10% @entity4746 and 15% @entity27178 on Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Provider knowledge is a potential barrier to adherence to clinical guidelines. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of organizational, provider, and guideline factors on provider knowledge of a @entity712 ( @entity712 ) clinical practice guideline (CPG) in the @entity283 ( @entity283 ) health care system. We developed a survey to investigate institution-level factors influencing the effectiveness of guideline implementation, including characteristics of the guideline, providers, hospital culture and structure, and regional network. Survey @entity1 were quality managers, primary care administrators, and other individuals involved in primary care CPG implementation at 143 @entity283 hospitals with ambulatory care clinics. Potential explanatory variables were grouped into 11 factors. Multivariate regression models assessed the association between these factors and reported levels of provider knowledge regarding the @entity712 guideline at the hospital level. Two hundred forty surveys from 126 of 143 (88%) @entity283 hospitals were returned. Provider knowledge of the @entity712 guideline was estimated as "great" or "very great" by 58% of respondents. Three predictor factors (dissemination approaches, use of technology in guideline implementation, and hospital culture) were independently associated (P < or = .05) with provider knowledge. Specific variables within these categories that were related to greater knowledge included physician belief that guidelines were applicable to their practice, distribution of guideline summaries, use of guideline storyboards in clinic areas, the use of technology (eg, electronic @entity1 records) in CPG implementation, and establishment of implementation checkpoints and deadlines. Provider knowledge of guidelines is affected by factors at various organizational levels: dissemination approaches, use of technology, and hospital culture. Guideline implementation efforts that target multiple organizational levels may increase provider knowledge.

title: What factors influence provider knowledge of a XXXX guideline in a national health care system?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Veterans Health Administration', 'VHA']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: @entity4008 causes @entity16 in up to 50% of survivors. Two pathogens known for their propensity to cause severe @entity16 are @entity328 and group B streptococci. Some forms of neuronal sequelae, such as @entity4207 , have been associated with @entity528 in the hippocampus. To learn more about hippocampal injury in @entity693 , we performed a comparative study in @entity4008 due to @entity2260 and group B @entity328 , in which 11-day-old @entity1 @entity35 were infected intracisternally with either of the two pathogens. Histopathological examination of the @entity528 in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus showed that @entity2260 caused predominantly classical apoptotic cell death. Cells undergoing apoptosis were located only in the subgranular zone and stained positive for activated @entity522 and TUNEL. Furthermore, dividing progenitor cells seemed particularly sensitive to this form of cell death. Group B @entity328 was mainly responsible for a @entity522 -independent (and TUNEL-negative) form of cell death. Compared with the morphological features found in apoptosis (e.g., apoptotic bodies), this form of @entity528 was characterized by clusters of uniformly shrunken cells. It affected the dentate gyrus throughout the blade, showing no preferences for immature or mature neurons. Thus, depending on the infecting agent, @entity4008 causes two distinct forms of cell injury in the dentate gyrus.

title: @entity4008 causes two distinct forms of cellular damage in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis', 'Bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage', 'neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning and memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: @entity4008 causes @entity16 in up to 50% of survivors. Two pathogens known for their propensity to cause severe @entity16 are @entity328 and group B streptococci. Some forms of neuronal sequelae, such as @entity4207 , have been associated with @entity528 in the hippocampus. To learn more about hippocampal injury in @entity693 , we performed a comparative study in @entity4008 due to @entity2260 and group B @entity328 , in which 11-day-old @entity1 @entity35 were infected intracisternally with either of the two pathogens. Histopathological examination of the @entity528 in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus showed that @entity2260 caused predominantly classical apoptotic cell death. Cells undergoing apoptosis were located only in the subgranular zone and stained positive for activated @entity522 and TUNEL. Furthermore, dividing progenitor cells seemed particularly sensitive to this form of cell death. Group B @entity328 was mainly responsible for a @entity522 -independent (and TUNEL-negative) form of cell death. Compared with the morphological features found in apoptosis (e.g., apoptotic bodies), this form of @entity528 was characterized by clusters of uniformly shrunken cells. It affected the dentate gyrus throughout the blade, showing no preferences for immature or mature neurons. Thus, depending on the infecting agent, @entity4008 causes two distinct forms of cell injury in the dentate gyrus.

title: XXXX causes two distinct forms of cellular damage in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in @entity1 @entity35 .

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['Bacterial meningitis']


abstract: @entity4008 causes @entity16 in up to 50% of survivors. Two pathogens known for their propensity to cause severe @entity16 are @entity328 and group B streptococci. Some forms of neuronal sequelae, such as @entity4207 , have been associated with @entity528 in the hippocampus. To learn more about hippocampal injury in @entity693 , we performed a comparative study in @entity4008 due to @entity2260 and group B @entity328 , in which 11-day-old @entity1 @entity35 were infected intracisternally with either of the two pathogens. Histopathological examination of the @entity528 in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus showed that @entity2260 caused predominantly classical apoptotic cell death. Cells undergoing apoptosis were located only in the subgranular zone and stained positive for activated @entity522 and TUNEL. Furthermore, dividing progenitor cells seemed particularly sensitive to this form of cell death. Group B @entity328 was mainly responsible for a @entity522 -independent (and TUNEL-negative) form of cell death. Compared with the morphological features found in apoptosis (e.g., apoptotic bodies), this form of @entity528 was characterized by clusters of uniformly shrunken cells. It affected the dentate gyrus throughout the blade, showing no preferences for immature or mature neurons. Thus, depending on the infecting agent, @entity4008 causes two distinct forms of cell injury in the dentate gyrus.

title: @entity4008 causes two distinct forms of cellular damage in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the DVE/OEB system (DVE = truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; OEB = degraded protein balance) and the NRC-2001 model in the prediction of supply of protein to dairy @entity291 from selected forages: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Phleum pratense L. cv. Climax and Joliette). Comparisons were made in terms of 1) ruminally synthesized microbial CP, 2) truly absorbed protein in the small intestine, and 3) degraded protein balance. In addition, the effects of variety and cutting stage of the selected forages on the potential nutrient supply to dairy @entity291 were also studied. The results showed that the predicted values from the DVE/OEB system and the NRC-2001 model had significant correlations with high R (>0.96) values. However, using the DVE/OEB system, the overall average microbial protein supply based on available energy was 12% higher, and the truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was 15% lower than that predicted by the NRC-2001 model. The difference was also found in the prediction of the degraded protein balances, which was 11% higher based on data from the NRC-2001 model. These differences are due to considerably different factors used in calculations in the two models, although both are based on similar principles. This indicates that a further refinement is needed for a modern protein evaluation and prediction system. In addition, this study showed that the two alfalfa varieties studied (Pioneer vs. Beaver) had no effect, but cutting stage had a profound influence on ruminally synthesized microbial CP (93, 96, 86 g/kg @entity3918 at stage of early bud, late bud, and early bloom, respectively) and truly absorbed intestinal protein predicted by the DVE/OEB system (80, 79, 67 g/kg @entity3918 at stage of early bud, late bud, and early bloom, respectively). With timothy, both variety (Climax vs. Joliette) and cutting stage had significant impacts on the potential protein supply predicted by both models. The potential protein supply (DVE or MP) to the dairy @entity291 from Climax timothy was higher than that from Joliette timothy (DVE: 46 vs. 32 g/kg @entity3918 ; MP: 61 vs. 38 g/kg @entity3918 ). With increasing stage of cutting, the potential protein supply (DVE or MP) was reduced (DVE: 53, 39, 25 g/kg @entity3918 ; MP: 62, 51, 36 g/kg @entity3918 at stage of joint, prebloom head, and full head, respectively).

title: Comparison of the National Research Council-2001 model with the Dutch system (DVE/OEB) in the prediction of nutrient supply to dairy XXXX from forages.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Research into @entity4838 ( @entity4838 ) following paediatric @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is limited. The current study investigated the frequency of @entity4838 following paediatric @entity131 and the relationship between @entity4838 and injury characteristics including severity, site of impact and cause of injury. It was hypothesized that @entity1 with moderate/severe @entity131 would demonstrate greater @entity4838 than those with mild @entity131 . DESIGN/METHOD: Thirty-seven @entity1 aged 8-16 with @entity131 were recruited to a prospective longitudinal study at a metropolitan @entity1 's hospital. Olfactory assessment, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, was completed at 0-3 months post-injury. RESULTS: Nineteen per cent of @entity1 demonstrated impaired olfaction, while a small number (5%) were anosmic. A significant relationship between @entity4838 and severity of injury was found. No other injury variables demonstrated a significant relationship with olfactory outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4838 was relatively common in this paediatric @entity131 cohort and the hypothesized relationship with severity of injury was supported. It is recommended that information about @entity4838 after @entity131 be routinely provided to @entity1 and families. Further research is needed in larger cohorts to support the implementation of routine clinical assessment, understand the relationship between @entity4838 and other injury characteristics, determine the functional implications of @entity4838 and document recovery trajectories.

title: Anosmia and olfactory outcomes following paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['OD', 'olfactory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ) is a natural inhibitor of tissue @entity730 . In a previous study, we observed the positive association between abnormal concentrations of uncarboxylated @entity9198 species and increased mortality risk in stable vascular @entity1 . We explore whether co-incidence of abnormal status of uncarboxylated @entity2018 and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) affects the mortality risk. METHODS: We examined 799 @entity1 (mean age 65.1years) with stable @entity455 and followed them in a prospective study. Both, desphospho-uncarboxylated and total uncarboxylated @entity9198 (dp-ucMGP or t-ucMGP) were quantified by pre-commercial ELISA assays. RESULTS: Elevated (>100ng/L) circulating @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and abnormal status of plasma uncarboxylated @entity9198 species (i.e.: dp-ucMGP >= 977pmol/L or t-ucMGP <=2825nmol/L) were all identified as robust predictors of all-cause 5-year mortality. However, their co-incidence represented a substantial additional risk. We observed the highest mortality risk in @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus high dp-ucMGP compared to those with normal @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; fully adjusted HRR's were 4.86 (3.15-7.49). Likewise, the risk was increased when compared with @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; HRR 2.57 (1.60-4.10). Similar result we observed when co-incidence of elevated @entity3876 and low t-ucMGP was analyzed [corresponding HRR's were 4.16 (2.62-6.61) and 1.96 (1.24-3.12)]. CONCLUSIONS: The concomitant abnormality of uncarboxylated @entity9198 and mild elevation of @entity3876 leads in chronic @entity1 with @entity455 to about two-fold increase of the relative mortality risk. We hypothesize that abnormal homeostasis of @entity9198 is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 .

title: The abnormal status of uncarboxylated XXXX species represents an additional mortality risk in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity9198 :: ('4256', 'Gene') :: ['MGP', 'Matrix Gla protein']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity9198 :: (4256,Gene) :: ['matrix Gla protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ) is a natural inhibitor of tissue @entity730 . In a previous study, we observed the positive association between abnormal concentrations of uncarboxylated @entity9198 species and increased mortality risk in stable vascular @entity1 . We explore whether co-incidence of abnormal status of uncarboxylated @entity2018 and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) affects the mortality risk. METHODS: We examined 799 @entity1 (mean age 65.1years) with stable @entity455 and followed them in a prospective study. Both, desphospho-uncarboxylated and total uncarboxylated @entity9198 (dp-ucMGP or t-ucMGP) were quantified by pre-commercial ELISA assays. RESULTS: Elevated (>100ng/L) circulating @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and abnormal status of plasma uncarboxylated @entity9198 species (i.e.: dp-ucMGP >= 977pmol/L or t-ucMGP <=2825nmol/L) were all identified as robust predictors of all-cause 5-year mortality. However, their co-incidence represented a substantial additional risk. We observed the highest mortality risk in @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus high dp-ucMGP compared to those with normal @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; fully adjusted HRR's were 4.86 (3.15-7.49). Likewise, the risk was increased when compared with @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; HRR 2.57 (1.60-4.10). Similar result we observed when co-incidence of elevated @entity3876 and low t-ucMGP was analyzed [corresponding HRR's were 4.16 (2.62-6.61) and 1.96 (1.24-3.12)]. CONCLUSIONS: The concomitant abnormality of uncarboxylated @entity9198 and mild elevation of @entity3876 leads in chronic @entity1 with @entity455 to about two-fold increase of the relative mortality risk. We hypothesize that abnormal homeostasis of @entity9198 is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 .

title: The abnormal status of uncarboxylated @entity9198 species represents an additional mortality risk in @entity712 @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']