abstract: We report a case of adult @entity11657 ( @entity11657 ) associated with group A @entity883 . A 37-year-old male had suffered from high fever, @entity4841 , @entity925 , and @entity1910 following pharyngalgia. He was admitted to the hospital because of cutaneous @entity1066 and @entity39 making the general condition rapidly poor. A serological streptococcal test showed a marked increase in antistreptlysin-O (ASO) and a positive reaction to C polysaccharide, suggesting fulminant @entity883 . Various antibiotics including @entity114 agents were administered. However improvement and exacerbation were repeatedly noted. In the hospital course @entity5013 and subcutaneous nodes in upper extremities developed. Biopsy specimen of subcutaneous nodes revealed @entity39 . Administration of a @entity134 achieved complete response, and the symptoms, inflammatory reaction, and ASO level improved. While the dose of the @entity134 was tapered gradually, recurrence was noted. However, increasing the dose finally resulted in relief. During the 2-year follow-up, there was a correlation between the ASO level and inflammatory reaction.

title: [A case of adult @entity11657 associated with fulminant group A XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotizing angiitis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgia']

entities_list: @entity5013 :: ('MESH:D009443', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuritis']

answer: @entity883 :: (MESH:D013290,Disease) :: ['streptococcal infection']


abstract: We report a case of adult @entity11657 ( @entity11657 ) associated with group A @entity883 . A 37-year-old male had suffered from high fever, @entity4841 , @entity925 , and @entity1910 following pharyngalgia. He was admitted to the hospital because of cutaneous @entity1066 and @entity39 making the general condition rapidly poor. A serological streptococcal test showed a marked increase in antistreptlysin-O (ASO) and a positive reaction to C polysaccharide, suggesting fulminant @entity883 . Various antibiotics including @entity114 agents were administered. However improvement and exacerbation were repeatedly noted. In the hospital course @entity5013 and subcutaneous nodes in upper extremities developed. Biopsy specimen of subcutaneous nodes revealed @entity39 . Administration of a @entity134 achieved complete response, and the symptoms, inflammatory reaction, and ASO level improved. While the dose of the @entity134 was tapered gradually, recurrence was noted. However, increasing the dose finally resulted in relief. During the 2-year follow-up, there was a correlation between the ASO level and inflammatory reaction.

title: [A case of adult XXXX associated with fulminant group A @entity883 ].

answer: @entity11657 :: (MESH:D010488,Disease) :: ['polyarteritis nodosa']


abstract: A case of multiple superficial temporal artery (STA) @entity2849 following craniotomy is reported and a review of the literature is made. The @entity1 was a 17-year-old male who was hospitalized as he developed @entity1269 4 hours after @entity130 to the left temporal region. He had been diagnosed as @entity447 one year prior to the injury. CT scan showed right parietal @entity2075 with mass effect when he was submitted to emergency craniotomy. At surgery a linear scalp incision was made over the left temporal area after high factor @entity797 concentrates (con- @entity797 ), 2,000 units, were administered. His postoperative course was uneventful and @entity1269 improved substantially, however two pulsatile masses along the incision scar over the scalp were noticed some 40 days after the @entity1410 removal. There was another pulsating mass in the left wrist where an arterial cannulation was made at the time of craniotomy. Selective angiograms showed two left STA @entity2849 was also demonstrated. The left STA was embolized with Gelfoam pieces through catheterization after administration of con- @entity797 , and the @entity438 was surgically resected. There was no evidence of recurrence of these lesions during the follow-up period of eight months. Among over 130 cases of @entity2849 reported, there was no case with @entity447 and also no such a case described which developed after craniotomy on reviewing the literature. And it was proved that con- @entity797 has enabled a @entity1 to tolerate embolization procedure through catheterization.

title: [A case of multiple superficial temporal artery XXXX following craniotomy].

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms and left radial pseudoaneurysm', 'STA pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['golf ball injury']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['radial artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine which @entity1 suspected of having @entity697 benefit from preoperative imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 462 consecutive @entity1 who underwent appendectomy for clinically suspected @entity697 and underwent preoperative evaluation at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were divided into four groups: @entity1 (n = 166), @entity1 (n = 46), @entity1 (n = 178), and @entity1 (n = 72). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography (US), requested by the referring clinician, was performed in 313 of the 462 @entity1 . Unnecessary, or negative, appendectomy and perforation rates were calculated for each group for preoperative evaluation with CT, with US, and with neither CT nor US. In addition, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of CT and US were calculated for diagnosing @entity698 . RESULTS: In @entity1 , the negative appendectomy rate was significantly lower for those who underwent preoperative CT (7% [six of 85 @entity1 ], P =.005) or US (8% [four of 49 @entity1 ], P =.019), as compared with 28% [nine of 32 @entity1 ] for those who underwent no preoperative imaging (P >.35 for all groups). The negative appendectomy rates for @entity1 , @entity1 , and @entity1 were not significantly affected by preoperative imaging. The sensitivity of CT and US for diagnosing @entity697 exceeded 93% and 77%, respectively, in all groups. The positive predictive values for both CT and US were greater than 92% in all groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 suspected of having @entity698 benefit the most from preoperative CT or US, with a statistically significantly lower negative appendectomy rate than @entity1 who undergo no preoperative imaging. Therefore, we propose that preoperative imaging be considered part of the routine evaluation of @entity1 suspected of having @entity697 .

title: Imaging for suspected XXXX : negative appendectomy and perforation rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'girls', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To (a) determine the performance of screening mammography, ultrasonography (US), and @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ); (b) analyze the influence of age, hormonal status, and breast density; (c) compare the size and stage of @entity5 detected with each modality; and (d) determine which modality or combination of modalities optimize @entity5 detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11,130 asymptomatic @entity1 underwent 27,825 screening sessions, (mammography and subsequent @entity4270 ). @entity1 with dense breasts subsequently underwent screening US. Abnormalities were deemed positive if biopsy findings revealed @entity5 and negative if findings from biopsy or all screening examinations were negative. RESULTS: In 221 @entity1 , 246 @entity5 were found. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of mammography were 77.6%, 98.8%, 99.8%, 35.8%, and 98.6%, respectively; those of @entity4270 , 27.6%, 99.4%, 99.4%, 28.9%, and 98.8%, respectively; and those of US, 75.3%, 96.8%, 99.7%, 20.5%, and 96.6%, respectively. Screening breast US increased the number of @entity1 diagnosed with nonpalpable invasive @entity5 by 42% (30 of 71). Mammographic sensitivity declined significantly with increasing breast density (P <.01) (48% for the densest breasts) and in younger @entity1 with dense breasts (P =.02); the effects were independent. Mammography and US together had significantly higher sensitivity (97%) than did mammography and @entity4270 together (74%) (P <.001). @entity5 detected at mammography and/or US were significantly smaller (P =.01) and of lower stage (P =.01) than those detected at @entity4270 . CONCLUSION: Mammographic sensitivity for @entity0 declines significantly with increasing breast density and is independently higher in older @entity1 with dense breasts. Addition of screening US significantly increases detection of small @entity5 and depicts significantly more @entity5 and at smaller size and lower stage than does @entity4270 , which detects independently extremely few @entity5 . Hormonal status has no significant effect on effectiveness of screening independent of breast density.

title: Comparison of the performance of screening mammography, XXXX , and breast US and evaluation of factors that influence them: an analysis of 27,825 @entity1 evaluations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['physical examination', 'PE']

answer: @entity4270 :: (MESH:D059445,Disease) :: ['physical examination']


abstract: PURPOSE: To (a) determine the performance of screening mammography, ultrasonography (US), and @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ); (b) analyze the influence of age, hormonal status, and breast density; (c) compare the size and stage of @entity5 detected with each modality; and (d) determine which modality or combination of modalities optimize @entity5 detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11,130 asymptomatic @entity1 underwent 27,825 screening sessions, (mammography and subsequent @entity4270 ). @entity1 with dense breasts subsequently underwent screening US. Abnormalities were deemed positive if biopsy findings revealed @entity5 and negative if findings from biopsy or all screening examinations were negative. RESULTS: In 221 @entity1 , 246 @entity5 were found. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of mammography were 77.6%, 98.8%, 99.8%, 35.8%, and 98.6%, respectively; those of @entity4270 , 27.6%, 99.4%, 99.4%, 28.9%, and 98.8%, respectively; and those of US, 75.3%, 96.8%, 99.7%, 20.5%, and 96.6%, respectively. Screening breast US increased the number of @entity1 diagnosed with nonpalpable invasive @entity5 by 42% (30 of 71). Mammographic sensitivity declined significantly with increasing breast density (P <.01) (48% for the densest breasts) and in younger @entity1 with dense breasts (P =.02); the effects were independent. Mammography and US together had significantly higher sensitivity (97%) than did mammography and @entity4270 together (74%) (P <.001). @entity5 detected at mammography and/or US were significantly smaller (P =.01) and of lower stage (P =.01) than those detected at @entity4270 . CONCLUSION: Mammographic sensitivity for @entity0 declines significantly with increasing breast density and is independently higher in older @entity1 with dense breasts. Addition of screening US significantly increases detection of small @entity5 and depicts significantly more @entity5 and at smaller size and lower stage than does @entity4270 , which detects independently extremely few @entity5 . Hormonal status has no significant effect on effectiveness of screening independent of breast density.

title: Comparison of the performance of screening mammography, @entity4270 , and breast US and evaluation of factors that influence them: an analysis of 27,825 XXXX evaluations.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Plasma prorenin and active @entity916 were measured before and after @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in two groups of @entity1 undergoing ovarian stimulation for 4-6 days with follicle-stimulating hormone alone or in combination with luteinizing hormone, for in vitro fertilization. Baseline total plasma @entity916 (prorenin plus active @entity916 ; n = 12) averaged 25 +/- 8 ng/ml per hr (mean +/- SD). Total @entity916 did not change during ovarian stimulation but it increased to 46 +/- 16 ng/ml per hr (P less than 0.05) 1 or 2 days later, just before hCG administration. Thirty-six hours after hCG administration, just before laparoscopy and egg retrieval, total @entity916 was 123 +/- 97 ng/ml per hr; a peak of 182 +/- 143 ng/ml per hr occurred 2-6 days later--i.e., during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In eight of the @entity1 who did not conceive, total @entity916 returned to baseline 14 days after hCG administration. In four who conceived, a nadir was reached (57 +/- 13 ng/ml per hr) 8-12 days after hCG administration and then total @entity916 increased again as the plasma beta hCG measurement began to rise. By day 16 it averaged 225 +/- 157 ng/ml per hr. In a second group of five @entity1 active @entity916 and prorenin were measured separately. Active @entity916 comprised less than 20% of the total @entity916 at all times. It was unchanged until day 4 after hCG administration and then increased significantly only when plasma @entity1420 was high. Thus, the initial response to hCG was entirely due to an increase in prorenin. A highly significant correlation was observed between the number of follicles and the total @entity916 increases on the day of @entity1173 (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) and at the peak (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). After hCG administration, a temporal relationship was observed between the rise in total @entity916 and plasma @entity53 and @entity1420 levels. These results demonstrate that plasma prorenin increases markedly after administration of hCG and that the rise is directly related to the number of ovarian follicles and to plasma @entity172 and @entity1420 levels. The findings suggest that prorenin is produced by the mature ovarian follicle and by the corpus luteum in response to gonadotropin stimulation.

title: Plasma prorenin response to XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in ovarian-hyperstimulated @entity1 : correlation with the number of ovarian follicles and steroid hormone concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Plasma prorenin and active @entity916 were measured before and after @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in two groups of @entity1 undergoing ovarian stimulation for 4-6 days with follicle-stimulating hormone alone or in combination with luteinizing hormone, for in vitro fertilization. Baseline total plasma @entity916 (prorenin plus active @entity916 ; n = 12) averaged 25 +/- 8 ng/ml per hr (mean +/- SD). Total @entity916 did not change during ovarian stimulation but it increased to 46 +/- 16 ng/ml per hr (P less than 0.05) 1 or 2 days later, just before hCG administration. Thirty-six hours after hCG administration, just before laparoscopy and egg retrieval, total @entity916 was 123 +/- 97 ng/ml per hr; a peak of 182 +/- 143 ng/ml per hr occurred 2-6 days later--i.e., during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In eight of the @entity1 who did not conceive, total @entity916 returned to baseline 14 days after hCG administration. In four who conceived, a nadir was reached (57 +/- 13 ng/ml per hr) 8-12 days after hCG administration and then total @entity916 increased again as the plasma beta hCG measurement began to rise. By day 16 it averaged 225 +/- 157 ng/ml per hr. In a second group of five @entity1 active @entity916 and prorenin were measured separately. Active @entity916 comprised less than 20% of the total @entity916 at all times. It was unchanged until day 4 after hCG administration and then increased significantly only when plasma @entity1420 was high. Thus, the initial response to hCG was entirely due to an increase in prorenin. A highly significant correlation was observed between the number of follicles and the total @entity916 increases on the day of @entity1173 (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) and at the peak (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). After hCG administration, a temporal relationship was observed between the rise in total @entity916 and plasma @entity53 and @entity1420 levels. These results demonstrate that plasma prorenin increases markedly after administration of hCG and that the rise is directly related to the number of ovarian follicles and to plasma @entity172 and @entity1420 levels. The findings suggest that prorenin is produced by the mature ovarian follicle and by the corpus luteum in response to gonadotropin stimulation.

title: Plasma prorenin response to @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin in ovarian-hyperstimulated XXXX : correlation with the number of ovarian follicles and steroid hormone concentrations.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In this study, we examined the acute effects of submaximal resistance exercise on immunological and hormonal parameters in 7 resistance-trained and 10 non-resistance-trained males. The @entity1 , who were aged 29.5 +/- 7.1 years (mean +/- s), performed submaximal resistance exercise at 75% of their one-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken before, during, immediately after, and 30, 60 and 120 min after exercise and analysed for leukocyte subpopulations and stress hormones. Total leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes increased during exercise, reaching their maximum 2 h after exercise. Lymphocytes increased during exercise, T-helper cells returned to resting values after exercise, and natural killer cells and T-suppressor cells decreased below resting values. The @entity404 / @entity405 ratio decreased during exercise but increased during recovery. The resistance-trained @entity1 tended to have lower T-helper cell counts before, during and immediately after exercise and a lower @entity404 / @entity405 ratio during recovery than the non-resistance-trained @entity1 . Plasma @entity701 correlated positively with leukocytes during exercise (r = 0.572, P < 0.05), but negatively with T-helper cells 30 and 60 min after exercise (r = -0.573, P < 0.05; r = -0.642, P < 0.01, respectively). Our results indicate that resistance exercise leads to acute changes in leukocyte counts, despite moderate hormonal changes, independent of training status. Regular resistance exercise might lead to decreased T-helper cell counts and a lower @entity404 / @entity405 ratio, which could increase susceptibility to @entity281 .

title: Acute impact of submaximal resistance exercise on immunological and hormonal parameters in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: 296 strains of @entity5125 have been submitted for confirmation and further studies to the Listeria Reference Laboratory at the Institute of Hygiene in W  rzburg, Federal Republic of Germany. They have been isolated between 1969 and 1985 from @entity1 cases in the Federal Republic and West Berlin. The results of an analysis of the respective cases are presented here on the basis of questionnaires. A steady increase of Listeria isolations has been noted during the past few years. The largest number of strains originated from the district Nordrhein-Westfalen which has the largest population of all German federal districts. The highest incidence calculated from the number of strains and total population was found for the district of Saarland. There was no predominance detectable of listeriosis among the rural population. 60% of the strains came from @entity1 living in urban areas. In 6 out of 21 cases of @entity5124 at least one of the parents was engaged in professional medical services. The most frequently observed clinical entities were @entity693 (41.14%) and @entity295 (36.00%). Among the newborns @entity295 was predominant with 40.90%. Listeriosis during pregnancy and among newborns was connected with 53.57% of all strains isolated. The questionnaire revealed for the underlying conditions in 35% and in 24% of cases @entity5 and organ transplantations, respectively. There was no increased rate of predominance found among the elderly. However, 50% of all strains isolated originated from newborns. The sex distribution was almost equal; 52.56% from males of the total number of isolates and 51.22% from males among the newborns. 67% of these which had a @entity693 after the first weeks of life were male. There was no seasonal incidence detectable. Serovar 4b was found in 66.22% of all isolates tested. 295 strains produced acid from @entity20689 and @entity6042 , but not from @entity6122 and were thus typical for @entity5125 . One strain needs further studies.

title: [ XXXX listeriosis infections in West Germany, 1969-1985].

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity6042 :: ('MESH:C008466', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-d-mannose']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal listeriosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted in 85 @entity1 with clinically certain von @entity1264 seen between 1972 and 1982. A similar study was conducted in 105 @entity1 without @entity4786 observed during the same period who underwent excision of a cutaneous @entity3292 or @entity808 . Thirty-nine of the @entity1 with @entity4786 never had surgical treatment for a nervous @entity1489 ; 46 had one or several @entity5 excised for diagnostic purposes or for cosmetic reasons. More than 300 @entity5 had been removed in these 46 @entity1 . The post-operative follow-up period is now at least 2 years for all @entity1 , 5 years for 85 p. 100 of them and more than 10 years for one-third. Only one case of @entity1489 was observed in a @entity1 who never had surgical treatment; it was a @entity6011 which resulted in @entity204 within two years. Two other deaths related to @entity4786 were recorded: one after surgical treatment of a duodenal @entity808 , the other due to @entity295 after @entity1066 on a @entity15037 . Three other deaths unrelated to @entity4786 occurred. Local relapses without suspicion of @entity5 were observed in 8 of the 46 surgical @entity1 ; 3 cases concerned large plexiform @entity3292 of the face; excision was histologically incomplete in most cases with or without relapse. No case of @entity5 was recorded in the follow-up of the 105 @entity1 without @entity4786 but with nervous @entity1489 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Incidence of the degeneration of cutaneous nerve tumors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumour', 'skin tumours', 'malignant nervous skin tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['infection of ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas', 'neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['giant plexiform neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis"]

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['Recklinghausen's disease']


abstract: The American Heart Association recommends prophylactic administration of @entity114 before each dental session to @entity1 susceptible to @entity884 . Such preventive treatment, however, may trigger the transient appearance of @entity114 -resistant bacterial strains. In order to investigate the behavior of oral streptococci, 29 healthy volunteers who did not harbor @entity114 -resistant viridans streptococci received 4 gm of @entity11121 orally over a period of 10 hours. This amount constituted the sole dose of antibiotics administered in the entire experiment. Daily specimens of oral flora were obtained for 14 successive days from each @entity1 and incubated aerobically with a @entity114 -saturated disk for 24 hours. Viridans streptococci were considered resistant when bacterial colonies grew adjacent to the disk for 1 day or more. The study population was divided into high- and low-resistance groups, according to the individual antibiograms. Resistant viridans streptococci were already detected at 6 hours after @entity114 ingestion in nine (31%) of the subjects. Six months later, oral specimens were taken from ten randomly selected @entity1 ; these specimens served as a control. The difference in bacterial resistance between the high- and low-resistance groups was significant for the duration of 9 days, as was that between the high-resistance and control groups (p less than 0.05 in both cases). In order to minimize the odds that @entity114 -resistant bacterial strains will develop in @entity1 susceptible to @entity884 , elective dental treatments in these @entity1 should be scheduled in intervals of not less than 10 days.

title: Development of resistant oral viridans streptococci after administration of prophylactic antibiotics: time management in the dental treatment of @entity1 susceptible to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxymethyl penicillin']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: The American Heart Association recommends prophylactic administration of @entity114 before each dental session to @entity1 susceptible to @entity884 . Such preventive treatment, however, may trigger the transient appearance of @entity114 -resistant bacterial strains. In order to investigate the behavior of oral streptococci, 29 healthy volunteers who did not harbor @entity114 -resistant viridans streptococci received 4 gm of @entity11121 orally over a period of 10 hours. This amount constituted the sole dose of antibiotics administered in the entire experiment. Daily specimens of oral flora were obtained for 14 successive days from each @entity1 and incubated aerobically with a @entity114 -saturated disk for 24 hours. Viridans streptococci were considered resistant when bacterial colonies grew adjacent to the disk for 1 day or more. The study population was divided into high- and low-resistance groups, according to the individual antibiograms. Resistant viridans streptococci were already detected at 6 hours after @entity114 ingestion in nine (31%) of the subjects. Six months later, oral specimens were taken from ten randomly selected @entity1 ; these specimens served as a control. The difference in bacterial resistance between the high- and low-resistance groups was significant for the duration of 9 days, as was that between the high-resistance and control groups (p less than 0.05 in both cases). In order to minimize the odds that @entity114 -resistant bacterial strains will develop in @entity1 susceptible to @entity884 , elective dental treatments in these @entity1 should be scheduled in intervals of not less than 10 days.

title: Development of resistant oral viridans streptococci after administration of prophylactic antibiotics: time management in the dental treatment of XXXX susceptible to @entity884 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) and plasminogen activator activity ( @entity3880 ) rise during hypoglycaemia, and this might contribute to the @entity455 of @entity6 . Similar changes in haemostasis accompany raised plasma levels of vasopressin (aVP) and adrenaline. To investigate the effects of these hormones on haemostasis during hypoglycaemia and the role of plasma insulin concentrations, eight insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 underwent controlled hypoglycaemia for 20 min and 13 @entity6 @entity1 were investigated during hyperinsulinaemia with blood @entity413 maintained at 8.0 mmol/l. During hypoglycaemia, insulin levels increased to median values of 114 mU/l, a @entity3548 rose from 0.5 to 4.4 (p less than 0.005) pg/ml and @entity1425 from 0.4 to 4.4 nmol/l (p less than 0.005). @entity2801 coagulant activity ( @entity2801 :C) rose from 0.75 to 1.09 IU/ml (p less than 0.01) and the @entity8325 co-factor (FVIIIR:Co) and @entity2880 factor antigen ( @entity2881 :Ag) showed similar responses. @entity3880 increased from 156 to 745 units (p less than 0.005). During hyperinsulinaemia, insulin rose following infusion from 24 to 52 and 118 mU/l, maintained for an hour at each level. Despite this, plasma aVP, @entity2801 :C, FVIIIR:Co, @entity2881 :Ag and @entity3880 remained unchanged. This study indicates that the marked changes in @entity2801 , @entity2881 and @entity3880 concentrations which accompany hypoglycaemia depend on low blood @entity413 and not raised plasma insulin. The response in probably mediated by increases in adrenaline and aVP, which are part of the physiological response to hypoglycaemia.

title: Hormonal control of haemostasis during hypoglycaemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the long-term mortality of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) hospitalized with early @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and @entity101 control without @entity712 . The study is based on a population of 2,050 @entity101 consecutively hospitalized for the first time for high blood pressure, between oct. 1969 and nov. 1983. Among them, 115 presented with early @entity712 (symptoms for less than 3 months, the diagnosis being made mainly on interview data, physical exam, and radio); they were matched with Controls (C) belonging to the same @entity101 population, on the following criteria: same sex, same age (+/- 3 years), same date of entry (+/- 3 months), no @entity712 at entry, 94 Cases (CHF) could be matched: 64 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 (mean age: 50 +/- 11). A mortality survey was done in April 1985, with response rates of 96 p. 100 (CHF) and 98 p. 100 (C). The mean follow-up period was 11 years. At entry, CHF differed highly significantly form C in many ways, and mainly in higher systolic BP, more frequent ECG changes (LV voltage, J-ST-T changes), more severe fundus oculi changes. The survival rate was assessed by life-table method. As a whole, it was significantly reduced in CHF vs C (p/0.005); the 10-years survival rates were respectively 51% (CHF) and 71% (C). Case-control comparison was examined for both sexes, and after division by the median age (50 years): CHF survival was significantly reduced in @entity1 , and in subjects aged 50 and more (p/0.03); no significant difference was observed for @entity1 and before 50. CHF were dichotomized for each available item at entry, and lifetable comparison was compared in both issuing sub-groups; no significant difference was observed, but for the age, with a better survival in youngest subjects (p/0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Case-controlled study of the prognosis of cardiac insufficiency in treated XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertensive subjects', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the long-term mortality of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) hospitalized with early @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and @entity101 control without @entity712 . The study is based on a population of 2,050 @entity101 consecutively hospitalized for the first time for high blood pressure, between oct. 1969 and nov. 1983. Among them, 115 presented with early @entity712 (symptoms for less than 3 months, the diagnosis being made mainly on interview data, physical exam, and radio); they were matched with Controls (C) belonging to the same @entity101 population, on the following criteria: same sex, same age (+/- 3 years), same date of entry (+/- 3 months), no @entity712 at entry, 94 Cases (CHF) could be matched: 64 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 (mean age: 50 +/- 11). A mortality survey was done in April 1985, with response rates of 96 p. 100 (CHF) and 98 p. 100 (C). The mean follow-up period was 11 years. At entry, CHF differed highly significantly form C in many ways, and mainly in higher systolic BP, more frequent ECG changes (LV voltage, J-ST-T changes), more severe fundus oculi changes. The survival rate was assessed by life-table method. As a whole, it was significantly reduced in CHF vs C (p/0.005); the 10-years survival rates were respectively 51% (CHF) and 71% (C). Case-control comparison was examined for both sexes, and after division by the median age (50 years): CHF survival was significantly reduced in @entity1 , and in subjects aged 50 and more (p/0.03); no significant difference was observed for @entity1 and before 50. CHF were dichotomized for each available item at entry, and lifetable comparison was compared in both issuing sub-groups; no significant difference was observed, but for the age, with a better survival in youngest subjects (p/0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Case-controlled study of the prognosis of cardiac insufficiency in treated @entity101 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2145 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity39531 and @entity10555 were used to study damage by @entity2145 . involving a @entity3884 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1098 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2145 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1098 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1098 can be explained by the removal of @entity68 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1098 allowing more @entity2145 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity39531 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1098 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2145 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to XXXX and @entity10555 . The increased effectiveness of @entity3787 -radical scavengers in the presence of @entity1098 .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity39531 :: ('MESH:D003855', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribose']

answer: @entity39531 :: (MESH:D003855,Chemical) :: ['deoxyribose']


abstract: @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2145 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity39531 and @entity10555 were used to study damage by @entity2145 . involving a @entity3884 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1098 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2145 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1098 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1098 can be explained by the removal of @entity68 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1098 allowing more @entity2145 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity39531 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1098 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2145 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to @entity39531 and @entity10555 . The increased effectiveness of XXXX -radical scavengers in the presence of @entity1098 .

answer: @entity3787 :: (MESH:D017665,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyl']


abstract: @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2145 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity39531 and @entity10555 were used to study damage by @entity2145 . involving a @entity3884 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1098 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2145 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1098 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1098 can be explained by the removal of @entity68 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1098 allowing more @entity2145 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity39531 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1098 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2145 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to @entity39531 and XXXX . The increased effectiveness of @entity3787 -radical scavengers in the presence of @entity1098 .

answer: @entity10555 :: (MESH:D001565,Chemical) :: ['benzoate']


abstract: @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2145 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity39531 and @entity10555 were used to study damage by @entity2145 . involving a @entity3884 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1098 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2145 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1098 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1098 can be explained by the removal of @entity68 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1098 allowing more @entity2145 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity39531 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1098 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2145 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to @entity39531 and @entity10555 . The increased effectiveness of @entity3787 -radical scavengers in the presence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1098 :: (MESH:D004492,Chemical) :: ['EDTA']


abstract: Surgery is the definitive treatment for @entity923 . Conservative treatments, such as wrist splinting and @entity479 injections, are also effective for the relief of @entity923 , but their use remains controversial because they only offer long-term relief in a minority of @entity1 . A prospective study was performed to assess the role of @entity479 injections combined with wrist splinting for the management of @entity923 . A total of 73 @entity1 with 99 affected hands were studied. @entity1 presenting with known medical causes or muscle wasting were excluded. Diagnosis was made clinically and electrodiagnostic studies were performed only when equivocal clinical signs were present. Each @entity1 received up to three @entity5935 injections into the @entity923 and wore a neutral-position wrist splint continuously for 9 weeks. After that period, symptomatic @entity1 received an open @entity923 release, and those who remained asymptomatic were followed up regularly for at least 1 year. @entity1 who relapsed were scheduled for surgery. At a minimum follow-up of 1 year, seven @entity1 (9.6 percent) with 10 affected hands (10.1 percent) remained asymptomatic. This group had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms (2.9 months versus 8.35 months; p = 0.039, Mann-Whitney test) and significantly less sensory change (40 percent versus 72 percent; p = 0.048, Fisher's exact test) at presentation when compared with the group who had surgery. It is concluded that @entity479 injections and wrist splinting are effective for relief of @entity923 but have a long-term effect in only 10 percent of @entity1 . Symptom duration of less than 3 months and absence of sensory impairment at presentation were predictive of a lasting response to conservative treatment. It is suggested that selected @entity1 (i.e., with no thenar wasting or obvious underlying cause) presenting with mild to moderate @entity923 receive either a single @entity479 injection or wear a wrist splint for 3 weeks. This will allow identification of the 10 percent of @entity1 who respond well to conservative therapy and do not need surgery.

title: A prospective study to assess the outcome of XXXX injections and wrist splinting for the treatment of @entity923 .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms', 'carpal tunnel syndrome', 'carpal tunnel symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Surgery is the definitive treatment for @entity923 . Conservative treatments, such as wrist splinting and @entity479 injections, are also effective for the relief of @entity923 , but their use remains controversial because they only offer long-term relief in a minority of @entity1 . A prospective study was performed to assess the role of @entity479 injections combined with wrist splinting for the management of @entity923 . A total of 73 @entity1 with 99 affected hands were studied. @entity1 presenting with known medical causes or muscle wasting were excluded. Diagnosis was made clinically and electrodiagnostic studies were performed only when equivocal clinical signs were present. Each @entity1 received up to three @entity5935 injections into the @entity923 and wore a neutral-position wrist splint continuously for 9 weeks. After that period, symptomatic @entity1 received an open @entity923 release, and those who remained asymptomatic were followed up regularly for at least 1 year. @entity1 who relapsed were scheduled for surgery. At a minimum follow-up of 1 year, seven @entity1 (9.6 percent) with 10 affected hands (10.1 percent) remained asymptomatic. This group had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms (2.9 months versus 8.35 months; p = 0.039, Mann-Whitney test) and significantly less sensory change (40 percent versus 72 percent; p = 0.048, Fisher's exact test) at presentation when compared with the group who had surgery. It is concluded that @entity479 injections and wrist splinting are effective for relief of @entity923 but have a long-term effect in only 10 percent of @entity1 . Symptom duration of less than 3 months and absence of sensory impairment at presentation were predictive of a lasting response to conservative treatment. It is suggested that selected @entity1 (i.e., with no thenar wasting or obvious underlying cause) presenting with mild to moderate @entity923 receive either a single @entity479 injection or wear a wrist splint for 3 weeks. This will allow identification of the 10 percent of @entity1 who respond well to conservative therapy and do not need surgery.

title: A prospective study to assess the outcome of @entity479 injections and wrist splinting for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: From 1969 to 1977, @entity3 developed in 145 of the 558 @entity1 treated for @entity0 at the University of Maryland Medical System. The most common first site of distant spread was bone (51%), followed by lung (17%), brain (16%), and liver (6%). The remaining 10% of @entity1 had multiple metastatic sites. Fewer than 10% of the entire group received adjuvant chemotherapy after primary treatment. When @entity3 appeared, most @entity1 had palliative systemic chemotherapy and/or irradiation. In general, @entity1 with initially negative axillary nodes had a longer median time until relapse (development of @entity3 ) and a longer survival time after diagnosis of @entity3 than @entity1 with initially positive nodes. Liver was the least common initial metastatic site; while liver @entity3 was seen only in @entity1 with positive axillary nodes, it carried the worst prognosis. The overall median survival time after @entity3 was 12 months for @entity79 , three months for @entity75 , and only one month for liver @entity3 . The median survival of @entity1 with multiple metastatic sites was 7.5 months. No correlation was found between time until relapse and survival after @entity3 . @entity1 in whom distant @entity3 developed relatively soon after the initial diagnosis had the same postmetastatic prognosis as @entity1 whose disease metastasized later. No correlation was found between age at initial diagnosis and @entity3 -free interval or survival after @entity3 .

title: XXXX : metastatic patterns and their prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential for using seven prescribing indicators, individually and in combination, to measure prescribing quality for hospitalised @entity146 @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: The dataset included full details of all psychotropic medication prescribed over a 24 hour period to 4192 inpatients in 49 British mental health services in 1998. RESULTS: Despite the large size of the dataset, for three of the indicators 20 services had fewer than 10 eligible @entity1 . There was great variation between services in indicator scores. Correlations between standardised indicator scores and total score (which omitted the indicator concerned) were above 0.3 for all but one of the indicators. Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 when this outlying indicator was removed. CONCLUSIONS: There are no routinely collected prescribing data that allow for the quality of prescribing for @entity146 @entity1 to be monitored. Six of the seven indicators measured during this census survey appear to reflect a common attribute of the services, and the analysis suggests that they might be combined to give an overall measure of service performance. There was, however, no relationship between performance on the seventh indicator and performance on the other six. This raises questions about case mix and service level factors that might influence indicator scores independent of prescriber decision making. The psychometric properties of prescribing indicators (occurrence rates, consistency over time) are unknown.

title: The use of prescribing indicators to measure the quality of care in XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of median somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in the acute phase of @entity4798 or @entity548 regarding long-term prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-four @entity64 @entity1 mean age 61.2, SD 11.8) were included. CT confirmed diagnoses were: cortical @entity2500 in 35; subcortical MCA 11; mixed 25. By size, @entity1188 were: massive, 29; restricted, 33; and lacunar, 9. The number of @entity1 with @entity548 was 8; putamenal @entity548 , 7; other, 8. All @entity1 presented with severe @entity1269 (54) or @entity1158 (40) with hemihipoesthesia in 89 @entity1 . Median SSEP were recorded early (up to 7th day, mean 5.2 days, SD 0.72). SSEP parameters (presence/absence of SSEP, absolute and relative latency, amplitude of early waveforms) were compared to motor (Medical Research Council scale) and functional ability (Barthel index) at 3 and 12 months after @entity64 . RESULTS: Absolute N20 amplitudes and amplitude ratio evidenced almost similar predictive values that reached 66.4% at 12 months. Combined application of N20 and MRC gains provided significantly stronger prognostic information which reached 72%. CONCLUSIONS: Median SSEP parameters may serve as independent predictors of outcome. Most informative in prognosis in the early stage of @entity64 was the combined assessment of MRC and N20-P25 amplitude ratio.

title: Median SSEP changes in XXXX : long-term predictive values regarding ADL recovery.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemiplegic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a @entity1 with @entity706 who developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis resulting in @entity1224 and @entity1576 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : A 22-yr-old female with @entity706 who developed a @entity1729 3 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy. She was treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics and subsequently received a supplementary chemotherapeutic course. Soon afterward she developed severe @entity1576 . Chest radiograph showed @entity1315 . INTERVENTIONS: Emergent mechanical ventilation; fiberoptic bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed extensive obstruction of both main and subsegmental bronchi with a solid mass strongly adhered to the bronchial wall; both histologic examination and culture of that mass revealed Aspergillus. The @entity1 died of refractory @entity519 a few days later. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be considered in immunocompromised @entity1 with suspected @entity358 even when the main radiographic finding is atelectasis. Bronchoscopy and histologic examination of identified intraluminal material should be performed as soon as possible.

title: @entity1224 and XXXX due to Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis of the right upper and lower lobes']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a @entity1 with @entity706 who developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis resulting in @entity1224 and @entity1576 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : A 22-yr-old female with @entity706 who developed a @entity1729 3 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy. She was treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics and subsequently received a supplementary chemotherapeutic course. Soon afterward she developed severe @entity1576 . Chest radiograph showed @entity1315 . INTERVENTIONS: Emergent mechanical ventilation; fiberoptic bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed extensive obstruction of both main and subsegmental bronchi with a solid mass strongly adhered to the bronchial wall; both histologic examination and culture of that mass revealed Aspergillus. The @entity1 died of refractory @entity519 a few days later. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be considered in immunocompromised @entity1 with suspected @entity358 even when the main radiographic finding is atelectasis. Bronchoscopy and histologic examination of identified intraluminal material should be performed as soon as possible.

title: XXXX and @entity1576 due to Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['Airway obstruction']


abstract: In a recently published post-mortem series the incidence of @entity299 in @entity706 was estimated at about 8.7%. These lesions rarely produce specific cardiac symptoms; they usually are late manifestations of a disease with @entity75 or are discovered at autopsy. In most @entity1 the lesions are not limited to the heart but represent the extension to that organ of a @entity706 . We observed two cases of @entity299 secondary to malignant @entity1893 and we were able to evaluate their response to chemotherapy. In the first @entity1 the cardiac symptoms revealed the @entity706 ; in the second @entity1 the cardiac involvement was discovered 4 years after the @entity706 was diagnosed. In both cases the @entity299 were detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. They presented as polypoid masses filling the right atrium and associated with periaortic thickening in the first case, and as a large heterogeneous mass including a tricuspid valve leaflet and extending to the free wall of the right ventricle in the second case. @entity2294 was present in the two @entity1 . These echocardiographic findings were confirmed computerized tomography and catheterization. In the first case, followed up for one year, the echocardiographic images reverted to normality after chemotherapy. The second @entity1 , unfortunately, did not respond to chemotherapy and deteriorated rapidly.

title: [Cardiac involvement in 2 cases of XXXX . Course of cardiac involvement under chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple secondary lesions']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['Pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity158 is a major health problem and the most important disorder associated with sickness absence. This report presents experiences from a @entity615 outpatient clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected demographic data, diagnoses on the referrals (ICPC) and in the outpatient clinic (ICD-9) and recommendations given to 206 @entity1 , referred 1 January to 30 April 1998. RESULTS: 41% were @entity1 (mean age 45), 59% @entity1 (mean age 44). Mean waiting time before appointment was 35 days compared to 49 days before the clinic was opened. 43% were prioritized for an appointment within two weeks; mean waiting time in this group was 16 days. 125 (63%) of 200 were referred with non-specific @entity1643 . Of these, 99 (79%) were given the same diagnosis in the clinic. 75 (37%) had a referral diagnosis of lumbar disk injury with radiation, of whom 46 (61%) were diagnosed with lumbar nuclear prolapse or @entity2649 in the clinic. INTERPRETATION: An outpatient clinic may be a useful way to organise the specialist health service system for @entity615 @entity1 .

title: [Back XXXX outpatient clinic--preliminary experiences from Aust-Agder].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity11558 ( @entity28042 ) is a cytotoxic agent demonstrated to have broad antitumor activity. Poor solubility in aqueous media has precluded significant evaluation of parenteral administration of this drug. A formulation of @entity28042 dissolved in Intralipid has demonstrated excellent tolerance following parenteral administration. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pharmacology of @entity28042 in Intralipid following hepatic regional administration. The routes of administration were intraarterial via the hepatic artery with and without @entity432 , i.v. via the portal and jugular veins, and i.p. All animals received a total dose of 10 mg @entity28042 /kg of body weight. Hepatic extraction of @entity28042 was most evident via the portal vein (PV) route [AUC(PV)/AUC(i.v.) = 0.5; P less than 0.05]. Lower plasma levels and areas under the curve (AUCs) were observed for the hepatic artery and hepatic artery-stop flow groups when compared to i.v., but the difference was not significant. Administration i.p. yielded low plasma levels but a very long half-life (88 min). Hepatic tissue levels were highest in the group receiving @entity28042 by the hepatic artery-stop flow route. We conclude that the @entity28042 -Intralipid mixture is well tolerated, that @entity28042 is extracted to a significant degree by the liver following PV administration, and that an i.p. installation of @entity28042 -Intralipid results in prolonged plasma drug levels. This preclinical study supports further efforts at evaluation of parenteral administration of the @entity28042 -intralipid mixture.

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in intralipid following hepatic regional administration in rabbits.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethylmelamine']

answer: @entity11558 :: (MESH:D006585,Chemical) :: ['hexamethylmelamine']


abstract: No hypothesis-testing studies (blinded, randomized, controlled, prospective) with @entity174 as endpoint have been published so far. Instead we have to rely on observational cohort and case-control studies, from which available data imply that physical activity reduces the risk of @entity173 in @entity1 and perhaps also in @entity1 . This could be the case, but repeated sampling bias could present the same outcome. Whether or not exercise reduces the number of @entity174 and other @entity174 is less often evaluated. @entity174 rate seems not to be reduced with cessation of exercise. The evidence that exercise modifies the risk of falling is compelling. Exercise is associated with improved muscle strength, coordination and balance. Exercise increases muscle strength even in octogenarians by 20-200 per cent, but these benefits are lost if activity is reduced. Exercise reduces the risk of falling and perhaps also the number of falls. Whether or not the number of injurious falls is reduced by exercise is even more hotly debated.

title: [Exercise increases muscle strength and probably prevents XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: The abundance of anopheline mosquitoes varies substantially among houses within the same villages. @entity313 is highly anthropophilic, and Anopheles arabiensis is zoophilic; thus, it is often hypothesized that the abundance of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis in a house is associated with the distribution of livestock and @entity1 . In this paper we examined the influence of livestock and @entity1 host availability on the distribution and abundance of @entity311 vectors in the basin region of Lake Victoria in western Kenya. Larvae and adults of An. gambiae, An. arabiensis and @entity314 were collected in the beginning and the end of the rainy season in 1999. @entity313 was the predominant species in both larval and adult samples. Multiple regression analyses found that the ratio of distance between houses and larval habitats to distance between cowsheds and larval habitats had a significant and negative association with the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae for both sampling periods. The ratio of @entity1 density to @entity291 density was positively correlated with the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae in the late rainy period. For the adult samples, distance from a house to its nearest larval habitats was the only variable that showed a significant correlation with the An. gambiae density in houses in both sample periods. More than 90% of anopheline adults were found in the houses within 300 meters from the nearest larval habitats. Anopheline mosquito density was not correlated to the density of @entity291 or @entity1 , or the distance to cowsheds from houses. These results suggest that livestock and @entity1 host availability affect the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae in aquatic habitats, but the distribution of anopheline adults in houses is determined by the distance from houses to larval habitats.

title: Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African XXXX vectors in western Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity314 :: ('62324', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles funestus']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae', 'Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The short and long-term effects of postoperative @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) on body composition were studied in a randomised series of @entity1 undergoing major colorectal surgery. Ninety-two @entity1 ( @entity14 : 50, @entity31 or @entity30 : 42) were grouped according to diagnosis and clinical inflammatory activity. @entity3147 was given for 9.7 +/- 1.1 days. The complication rate was not changed by the @entity3147 . @entity1568 balance was studied during the first week. Body weight, total body @entity972 , triceps skinfold, serum albumin and body water were measured before and at intervals up to 24 weeks after the operation. Cumulative @entity1568 balance in control @entity1 at 7 days after surgery was -47.3 g. @entity1 given @entity3147 balanced @entity1568 intake and output ( @entity5 @entity1 and @entity1 with quiescent @entity29 , @entity8787 ) or were in positive balance ( @entity1 with active @entity8787 ). Weight loss at 1 week after surgery was less in @entity3147 @entity1 compared to controls and this difference remained statistically significant up to 6 months after termination of the nutritional treatment. A similar, although not statistically significant, difference was noted in total body @entity972 and triceps skinfold. @entity1 with active @entity8787 regained pre-operative body composition earlier than @entity5 @entity1 and @entity1 with quiescent @entity8787 . It is concluded that @entity3147 after major colorectal surgery reduces postoperative weight loss and that this effect lasts after termination of the nutritional treatment. In the absence of increased body @entity972 and increased body water, we conclude that the long-term effect of @entity3147 on body weight is most likely due to preservation of fat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The immediate and long-term effects of postoperative XXXX on body composition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen', 'nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['total parenteral nutrition', 'TPN']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['total parenteral nutrition']


abstract: 1. Morphologically developmental properties of fetal @entity19 cortical neurons in the chemically defined serum- and antioxidant-free culture condition were observed. Also, cellular composition in cultures was identified by immunostaining with anti-NSE and anti- @entity9327 . 2. Various cell densities ranging from 1 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(6) cells/cm2 were prepared to further assess the effect of cell density on time-course of neuronal survival by counting the number of remaining attached neurons after 3 and 7 days in culture. 3. Neuronal responses to neurotrophic effect of NGF on neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effect of @entity3390 against @entity2227 -induced excitotoxity were evaluated by image analysis and @entity98 assay, respectively. 4. Results showed that this culture system was neuronal-enriched with a neuronal lifetime more than 35 days. Neurons survived best when seeded at a density > or =1.5 x 10(5) cells/cm2. Cultured neurons were capable of exhibiting sensitive responses to the effects of NGF and @entity3390 . 5. These findings suggest that this primary culture system provides a sensitive and powerful in vitro model for pharmacological screen and studies of neurotrophic and neuroprotective agents.

title: A serum- and antioxidant-free primary culture model of XXXX cortical neurons for pharmacological screen and studies of neurotrophic and neuroprotective agents.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Changes in intracellular @entity141 -concentration play an important role in the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle. In this review we describe various inheritable @entity121 to highlight the role of @entity141 -regulatory mechanisms. Upon excitation the @entity8452 receptor releases @entity141 in the cytosol. During and after contraction the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 ATPase (SERCA) pumps @entity141 back in the SR resulting in relaxation. An abnormal change in the intracellular @entity141 -concentration results in @entity121 and/or relaxation, which is the cause of various @entity121 . @entity590 ( @entity590 ) and @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ) are both caused by mutations in the @entity8452 receptor but show different clinical phenotypes. In @entity590 an acute increase of @entity141 results in excessive @entity2472 causing @entity2003 , while in @entity12740 a chronic rise of cytosolic @entity141 is seen, leading to @entity2383 , disorganization of myofibrils and @entity425 . In @entity11104 and also in @entity3055 , SERCA functions sub optimal causing a prolonged physiological @entity141 -elevation leading to slowing of relaxation. Defective actin- @entity3999 interactions, as in nemaline @entity121 and also in @entity3055 due to @entity855 -shortage, cause @entity141 -hyposensitivity and slowness of contraction. Information of @entity141 -kinetics in these @entity74 improves our understanding of the role of @entity460 in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle cell.

title: @entity460 regulation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

entities_list: @entity3055 :: ('MESH:D017240', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial myopathies']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'Malignant hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity11104 :: ('MESH:C536607', 'Disease') :: ['Brody disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited muscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12740 :: ('MESH:D020512', 'Disease') :: ['central core disease', 'CCD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['defective muscle contraction', 'myopathy', 'muscle diseases']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contraction']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle disease']


abstract: Changes in intracellular @entity141 -concentration play an important role in the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle. In this review we describe various inheritable @entity121 to highlight the role of @entity141 -regulatory mechanisms. Upon excitation the @entity8452 receptor releases @entity141 in the cytosol. During and after contraction the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 ATPase (SERCA) pumps @entity141 back in the SR resulting in relaxation. An abnormal change in the intracellular @entity141 -concentration results in @entity121 and/or relaxation, which is the cause of various @entity121 . @entity590 ( @entity590 ) and @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ) are both caused by mutations in the @entity8452 receptor but show different clinical phenotypes. In @entity590 an acute increase of @entity141 results in excessive @entity2472 causing @entity2003 , while in @entity12740 a chronic rise of cytosolic @entity141 is seen, leading to @entity2383 , disorganization of myofibrils and @entity425 . In @entity11104 and also in @entity3055 , SERCA functions sub optimal causing a prolonged physiological @entity141 -elevation leading to slowing of relaxation. Defective actin- @entity3999 interactions, as in nemaline @entity121 and also in @entity3055 due to @entity855 -shortage, cause @entity141 -hyposensitivity and slowness of contraction. Information of @entity141 -kinetics in these @entity74 improves our understanding of the role of @entity460 in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle cell.

title: XXXX regulation and @entity121 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: @entity4341 testing represents an alternative to exercise stress testing for documentation of @entity63 related to @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In such a case, @entity63 is attributed to maldistribution of coronary flow during @entity4341 -induced vasodilation. The present study evaluated the potential role of @entity4341 testing in producing @entity63 through a vasospastic mechanism, following rapid @entity3347 induced by @entity3416 . The possibility was tested in 36 in-hospital @entity1 with variant @entity951 who underwent @entity4341 infusion (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) with continuous 12-lead electrocardiographic and 2-dimensional echo monitoring. Medications were withdrawn from all @entity1 . The test was pharmacologically stopped with the @entity4341 antidote ( @entity3416 , 80 to 240 mg intravenously over 1 to 3 minutes) in all @entity1 . Two to 6 minutes after starting @entity3416 infusion, 10 @entity1 (28%) developed (greater than 0.10 mV) ST-segment elevation (2.9 +/- 0.8 mm from baseline), always accompanied by obvious asynergy detected by echocardiography, in the same electrocardiographic leads showing spontaneous or @entity3693 -induced ST-segment elevation. Nitrates promptly resolved @entity63 in all @entity1 . At coronary angiography, 5 of these 10 @entity1 showed significant @entity453 (greater than 70% lumen diameter reduction of at least 1 major coronary artery), whereas 5 had nonsignificant @entity453 . The rate pressure product at the onset of ST-segment elevation (after @entity4341 plus @entity3416 ) was considerably less than that recorded at peak exercise stress test in these @entity1 (9,600 +/- 2,200 vs 18,400 +/- 4,900, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3416 termination of XXXX stress as a trigger of coronary vasospasm in variant angina.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal of vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergonovine']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: @entity4341 testing represents an alternative to exercise stress testing for documentation of @entity63 related to @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In such a case, @entity63 is attributed to maldistribution of coronary flow during @entity4341 -induced vasodilation. The present study evaluated the potential role of @entity4341 testing in producing @entity63 through a vasospastic mechanism, following rapid @entity3347 induced by @entity3416 . The possibility was tested in 36 in-hospital @entity1 with variant @entity951 who underwent @entity4341 infusion (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) with continuous 12-lead electrocardiographic and 2-dimensional echo monitoring. Medications were withdrawn from all @entity1 . The test was pharmacologically stopped with the @entity4341 antidote ( @entity3416 , 80 to 240 mg intravenously over 1 to 3 minutes) in all @entity1 . Two to 6 minutes after starting @entity3416 infusion, 10 @entity1 (28%) developed (greater than 0.10 mV) ST-segment elevation (2.9 +/- 0.8 mm from baseline), always accompanied by obvious asynergy detected by echocardiography, in the same electrocardiographic leads showing spontaneous or @entity3693 -induced ST-segment elevation. Nitrates promptly resolved @entity63 in all @entity1 . At coronary angiography, 5 of these 10 @entity1 showed significant @entity453 (greater than 70% lumen diameter reduction of at least 1 major coronary artery), whereas 5 had nonsignificant @entity453 . The rate pressure product at the onset of ST-segment elevation (after @entity4341 plus @entity3416 ) was considerably less than that recorded at peak exercise stress test in these @entity1 (9,600 +/- 2,200 vs 18,400 +/- 4,900, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX termination of @entity4341 stress as a trigger of coronary vasospasm in variant angina.

answer: @entity3416 :: (MESH:D000628,Chemical) :: ['Aminophylline']


abstract: The effect of catheter ablation of the @entity713 ( @entity713 ) and implantation of a rate-adaptive pacemaker on quality of life and exercise capacity was evaluated prospectively in 12 consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). All @entity1 had been demonstrated to have paroxysmal @entity955 that was refractory to medical therapy over a long period of time (mean 9 +/- 7 years). @entity1 performed a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test on the day before catheter ablation and 6 weeks after hospital discharge. Quality of life was measured using the physical dimension of the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire and the Psychological General Well-Being Index before and 6 weeks after ablation. There were no serious complications related to catheter ablation or permanent pacemaker implantation. All @entity1 remain in complete @entity713 with a completely paced rhythm at a mean follow-up of 8 +/- 2 months. The McMaster Health Index scores increased from a mean of 0.69 +/- 0.20 before to 0.92 +/- 0.14 after ablation (p = 0.002). The mean Psychological General Well-Being score improved from 59.8 +/- 14.8 at baseline to 84.9 +/- 13.6 6 weeks after discharge (p = 0.001). Treadmill exercise duration increased from 6.4 +/- 4.6 to 9.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p = 0.03) and correlated strongly with changes in functional capacity measured with the McMaster Health Index (r = 0.70, p = 0.03). These results suggest that catheter ablation of the @entity713 junction and implantation of a rate-adaptive pace-maker significantly improve the quality of life and exercise capacity of @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 refractory to medical therapy.

title: Effect of catheter ablation of the @entity713 on quality of life and exercise tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'AV', 'atrioventricular junction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The effect of catheter ablation of the @entity713 ( @entity713 ) and implantation of a rate-adaptive pacemaker on quality of life and exercise capacity was evaluated prospectively in 12 consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). All @entity1 had been demonstrated to have paroxysmal @entity955 that was refractory to medical therapy over a long period of time (mean 9 +/- 7 years). @entity1 performed a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test on the day before catheter ablation and 6 weeks after hospital discharge. Quality of life was measured using the physical dimension of the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire and the Psychological General Well-Being Index before and 6 weeks after ablation. There were no serious complications related to catheter ablation or permanent pacemaker implantation. All @entity1 remain in complete @entity713 with a completely paced rhythm at a mean follow-up of 8 +/- 2 months. The McMaster Health Index scores increased from a mean of 0.69 +/- 0.20 before to 0.92 +/- 0.14 after ablation (p = 0.002). The mean Psychological General Well-Being score improved from 59.8 +/- 14.8 at baseline to 84.9 +/- 13.6 6 weeks after discharge (p = 0.001). Treadmill exercise duration increased from 6.4 +/- 4.6 to 9.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p = 0.03) and correlated strongly with changes in functional capacity measured with the McMaster Health Index (r = 0.70, p = 0.03). These results suggest that catheter ablation of the @entity713 junction and implantation of a rate-adaptive pace-maker significantly improve the quality of life and exercise capacity of @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 refractory to medical therapy.

title: Effect of catheter ablation of the XXXX on quality of life and exercise tolerance in @entity955 .

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular junction']


abstract: Postterm antenatal fetal surveillance has traditionally begun at 42 completed weeks of gestation. However, recent data have shown that a significant percentage of cases of perinatal @entity1763 occurs between 40 and 42 weeks of gestation. We compared the perinatal outcome of fetuses with antenatal surveillance beginning at 41 weeks to those @entity1021 at 42 weeks of gestation. The study groups consisted of 908 @entity1 who began antenatal testing at 41 weeks and 352 who began testing at 42 weeks. Antenatal testing consisted of twice-weekly amniotic fluid assessments and nonstress tests (including evaluation for late and variable decelerations). Between 41 and 42 weeks, the group whose testing started at 41 weeks had an overall incidence of intrapartum @entity147 of 2.7%, no @entity2209 , and no @entity1 with major neonatal morbidity. @entity1 without antenatal testing who delivered between 41 to 42 weeks did not have a significantly increased incidence of @entity147 (3.3%; p = 0.07). However, this group had a significantly increased incidence of adverse outcomes (p less than 0.05), including three @entity2209 and seven cases of major neonatal morbidity. Beyond 42 weeks, the group whose testing started at 41 weeks had a 2.3% overall incidence of @entity147 . This was significantly less (p less than 0.01) than the group whose testing started at 42 weeks (5.6%). Neither of the groups had any @entity2209 or @entity1 with major neonatal morbidity. These findings suggest that @entity1021 antenatal testing at 41 weeks of gestation may result in decreased postterm perinatal mortality and morbidity as well as a decreased incidence of intrapartum @entity147 .

title: The efficacy of XXXX postterm antenatal testing at 41 weeks as compared with 42 weeks of gestational age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['fetal distress']

answer: @entity1021 :: (MESH:D020922,Disease) :: ['starting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have reported that heterogeneous mechanisms exist in early @entity4 formation in @entity131 , and cytotoxic @entity4 plays an important role within 48 hours post- @entity130 . It is remains unclear, when @entity4 begins to develop following injury. In order to determine the time course of @entity4 development, diffusion imaging and ADC (apparent diffusion co-efficient) mapping was performed in 10 @entity1 within 24 hours post- @entity130 with @entity131 . METHODS: Diffusion imaging and ADC mapping were performed employing 1.0 T echo planar MRI. ADC values were indicated as a ration relative to the values of intact brain areas. RESULTS: Within 3 hours post- @entity130 , diffusion MRI showed no remarkable changes, and the ADC values were within normal limit (ADC ratio (=contused/normal brain) = 1.00 +/- 0.21, (mean +/- SD)). At 6 hours post- @entity130 , diffusion images demonstrated a low intensity core in the contusion proper and a high intensity rim in the peripheral area of contusion. The ADC value increased in the contusion proper (ADC ratio = 1.26 +/- 0.13) and decreased in the peripheral area (ADC ratio = 0.58 +/- 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that early cellular swelling in the peripheral area of contusion begins within 6 hours following injury. This delayed occurrence of contusion-induced cellular swelling suggests that the CBF does not decrease to ischemic level immediately following injury.

title: Ultra-early study of @entity4 formation in XXXX using diffusion MRI and ADC mapping.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral contusion']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['cerebral contusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have reported that heterogeneous mechanisms exist in early @entity4 formation in @entity131 , and cytotoxic @entity4 plays an important role within 48 hours post- @entity130 . It is remains unclear, when @entity4 begins to develop following injury. In order to determine the time course of @entity4 development, diffusion imaging and ADC (apparent diffusion co-efficient) mapping was performed in 10 @entity1 within 24 hours post- @entity130 with @entity131 . METHODS: Diffusion imaging and ADC mapping were performed employing 1.0 T echo planar MRI. ADC values were indicated as a ration relative to the values of intact brain areas. RESULTS: Within 3 hours post- @entity130 , diffusion MRI showed no remarkable changes, and the ADC values were within normal limit (ADC ratio (=contused/normal brain) = 1.00 +/- 0.21, (mean +/- SD)). At 6 hours post- @entity130 , diffusion images demonstrated a low intensity core in the contusion proper and a high intensity rim in the peripheral area of contusion. The ADC value increased in the contusion proper (ADC ratio = 1.26 +/- 0.13) and decreased in the peripheral area (ADC ratio = 0.58 +/- 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that early cellular swelling in the peripheral area of contusion begins within 6 hours following injury. This delayed occurrence of contusion-induced cellular swelling suggests that the CBF does not decrease to ischemic level immediately following injury.

title: Ultra-early study of XXXX formation in @entity131 using diffusion MRI and ADC mapping.

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: The role of oxidative stress in the regulation of the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in @entity1 leukocytes is unclear. In this study, we investigated the redox factors in plasma that may contribute to the alteration of mtDNA copy number in @entity1 leukocytes. A total of 156 healthy subjects of 25-80 years of age who exhibited no significant difference in the distribution of subpopulations of leukocytes in blood were recruited. Small-molecular-weight antioxidants and @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma and @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) and 4,977bp deletion of mtDNA in leukocytes were determined. The mtDNA copy number in leukocytes was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that the copy number of mtDNA in leukocytes was changed with age in a biphasic manner that fits in a positively quadratic regression model (P = 0.001). @entity904 (P = 0.005), non-protein @entity1433 (P = 0.001) and ferritin (P = 0.004) in plasma and total @entity2041 in erythrocytes (P = 0.046) were the significant redox factors that correlated with the mtDNA copy number in leukocytes in a positive manner. By contrast, @entity1881 levels in plasma (P = 0.001) and erythrocytes (P = 0.033) were negatively correlated with the mtDNA copy number in leukocytes. Three oxidative indices including the incidence of 4,977 bp deletion of mtDNA (P = 0.016) and @entity7599 content in leukocytes (P = 0.003) and TBARS in plasma (P = 0.001) were all positively correlated with the copy number of mtDNA in leukocytes. Taken these findings together, we suggest that the copy number of mtDNA in leukocytes is affected by oxidative stress in blood circulation elicited by the alteration of plasma antioxidants/prooxidants and oxidative damage to DNA.

title: Oxidative stress-related alteration of the copy number of mitochondrial DNA in XXXX leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', "8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinol']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During a ten year interval, four @entity1 with extensive @entity548 from @entity7261 were treated in a city of 750,000 @entity1 . @entity1 ages ranged from 54 to 66 years. All of the @entity1 presented with bright red @entity548 . Bleeding scans demonstrated a source of @entity190 high in the small intestine in two @entity1 who had @entity7261 at exploratory laparotomy. In another @entity1 , the results of preoperative evaluation did not reveal the site of @entity548 . Jejunal @entity7261 were found at exploratory laparotomy. These three @entity1 underwent jejunal resection and have since remained free of @entity360 . In the fourth @entity1 , mesenteric arteriography revealed extravasation from a jejunal diverticulum. After angiography, the @entity1 experienced no further @entity548 , and surgical treatment was not performed. This @entity1 remained asymptomatic and died of @entity583 five years later. The successful nonoperative management of this @entity1 belies the high reported incidence of recurrent @entity548 associated with @entity7261 . Thus, @entity1 with @entity548 who are found to have @entity7261 should undergo removal of the involved jejunum, even if preoperative evaluation results implicate another source. The results of this study suggest that @entity7261 are a more frequent cause of extensive @entity548 than heretofore appreciated, particularly in the elderly.

title: Massive XXXX from @entity7261 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula', 'jejunal diverticula']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['rectal bleeding']


abstract: During a ten year interval, four @entity1 with extensive @entity548 from @entity7261 were treated in a city of 750,000 @entity1 . @entity1 ages ranged from 54 to 66 years. All of the @entity1 presented with bright red @entity548 . Bleeding scans demonstrated a source of @entity190 high in the small intestine in two @entity1 who had @entity7261 at exploratory laparotomy. In another @entity1 , the results of preoperative evaluation did not reveal the site of @entity548 . Jejunal @entity7261 were found at exploratory laparotomy. These three @entity1 underwent jejunal resection and have since remained free of @entity360 . In the fourth @entity1 , mesenteric arteriography revealed extravasation from a jejunal diverticulum. After angiography, the @entity1 experienced no further @entity548 , and surgical treatment was not performed. This @entity1 remained asymptomatic and died of @entity583 five years later. The successful nonoperative management of this @entity1 belies the high reported incidence of recurrent @entity548 associated with @entity7261 . Thus, @entity1 with @entity548 who are found to have @entity7261 should undergo removal of the involved jejunum, even if preoperative evaluation results implicate another source. The results of this study suggest that @entity7261 are a more frequent cause of extensive @entity548 than heretofore appreciated, particularly in the elderly.

title: Massive @entity548 from XXXX .

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['jejunal diverticula']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity12030 ( @entity12030 ), or @entity12030 , is a @entity179 characterized by vision loss, @entity410 activity, @entity73 , and @entity204 . Discovery of the @entity12030 -related gene, @entity70978 , led to creation of a @entity70978 protein-deficient @entity19 model ( @entity70978 -/-), which recapitulates some of the histopathologic characteristics of the @entity1 condition. We hypothesized that lack of @entity70978 would alter @entity410 -related behavioral parameters. METHODS: Using @entity15945 gas inhalation, we examined @entity410 -induction latencies in @entity70978 -/- @entity19 and wildtype (wt) controls at time points that represent late neonatal, immature, mature, and aged time points. We examined latency to first @entity2045 (LMJ), latency to @entity393 ( @entity393 ), and subsequent mortality. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate an age-dependent alteration of @entity410 -induction latencies in @entity70978 -/-. Immature @entity61787 -/- @entity19 aged 35-42 days had an increased latency to both LMJ and @entity393 compared with age-matched wt controls. There were no significant latency differences between @entity70978 -/- and wt at other time points examined. Mortality after generalized @entity410 was high in both @entity70978 -/- and wt animals at late neonatal and immature developmental stages. No mortality was seen in wt @entity19 past @entity2175 at 6 weeks. Mature and aged @entity70978 -/- animals retained a vulnerability to death after @entity410 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a deficiency of @entity70978 protein in the Batten model @entity19 may result in age-dependent alteration of the neuroanatomic and biochemical substrates involved in @entity410 propagation and recovery. This may be important in understanding @entity410 , @entity179 , and @entity204 in @entity1 @entity12030 .

title: Altered @entity15945 @entity410 induction latency, phenotype, and subsequent mortality in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerk']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['Batten disease', 'Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis', 'JNCL']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'pediatric neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity15945 :: ('MESH:D005481', 'Chemical') :: ['flurothyl']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of posture', 'LOP']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity12030 :: (MESH:D009472,Disease) :: ['juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis/batten disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity12030 ( @entity12030 ), or @entity12030 , is a @entity179 characterized by vision loss, @entity410 activity, @entity73 , and @entity204 . Discovery of the @entity12030 -related gene, @entity70978 , led to creation of a @entity70978 protein-deficient @entity19 model ( @entity70978 -/-), which recapitulates some of the histopathologic characteristics of the @entity1 condition. We hypothesized that lack of @entity70978 would alter @entity410 -related behavioral parameters. METHODS: Using @entity15945 gas inhalation, we examined @entity410 -induction latencies in @entity70978 -/- @entity19 and wildtype (wt) controls at time points that represent late neonatal, immature, mature, and aged time points. We examined latency to first @entity2045 (LMJ), latency to @entity393 ( @entity393 ), and subsequent mortality. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate an age-dependent alteration of @entity410 -induction latencies in @entity70978 -/-. Immature @entity61787 -/- @entity19 aged 35-42 days had an increased latency to both LMJ and @entity393 compared with age-matched wt controls. There were no significant latency differences between @entity70978 -/- and wt at other time points examined. Mortality after generalized @entity410 was high in both @entity70978 -/- and wt animals at late neonatal and immature developmental stages. No mortality was seen in wt @entity19 past @entity2175 at 6 weeks. Mature and aged @entity70978 -/- animals retained a vulnerability to death after @entity410 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a deficiency of @entity70978 protein in the Batten model @entity19 may result in age-dependent alteration of the neuroanatomic and biochemical substrates involved in @entity410 propagation and recovery. This may be important in understanding @entity410 , @entity179 , and @entity204 in @entity1 @entity12030 .

title: Altered XXXX @entity410 induction latency, phenotype, and subsequent mortality in a @entity19 model of @entity12030 .

answer: @entity15945 :: (MESH:D005481,Chemical) :: ['flurothyl']