abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity14644 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity14644 splice variant @entity14643 ( @entity39036 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity101 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity9887 or @entity3591 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity9887 (42 @entity1 ) or @entity3591 (51 @entity1 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity14644 @entity14643 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity13519 (DBP) were comparable among @entity14643 genotypes in both @entity9887 and @entity3591 treatment groups. @entity1 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity14644 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity9887 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity13519 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity14643 genotypes was observed in the @entity3591 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity14644 @entity14643 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity9887 but not @entity3591 in Chinese EH @entity1 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 @entity14643 Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to @entity9887 and XXXX in Chinese @entity1 .

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['Amlodipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity14644 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity14644 splice variant @entity14643 ( @entity39036 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity101 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity9887 or @entity3591 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity9887 (42 @entity1 ) or @entity3591 (51 @entity1 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity14644 @entity14643 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity13519 (DBP) were comparable among @entity14643 genotypes in both @entity9887 and @entity3591 treatment groups. @entity1 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity14644 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity9887 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity13519 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity14643 genotypes was observed in the @entity3591 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity14644 @entity14643 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity9887 but not @entity3591 in Chinese EH @entity1 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 XXXX Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to @entity9887 and @entity3591 in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity13519 :: ('8991', 'Gene') :: ['systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP', 'SBP']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity14643 :: (c|SUB|C|825|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C825T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity14644 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity14644 splice variant @entity14643 ( @entity39036 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity101 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity9887 or @entity3591 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity9887 (42 @entity1 ) or @entity3591 (51 @entity1 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity14644 @entity14643 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity13519 (DBP) were comparable among @entity14643 genotypes in both @entity9887 and @entity3591 treatment groups. @entity1 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity14644 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity9887 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity13519 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity14643 genotypes was observed in the @entity3591 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity14644 @entity14643 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity9887 but not @entity3591 in Chinese EH @entity1 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 @entity14643 Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to @entity9887 and @entity3591 in Chinese XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Genetic variation plays a crucial role in modification of normal or disease pathophysiology. @entity23385 ( @entity23385 ) signaling is necessary for normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. Here, we review the associations between @entity23385 polymorphisms and fertility or subfertility. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity23385 polymorphisms consist of single @entity377 changes within the coding and regulatory regions and/or alternatively spliced products. Most of the investigations focused on two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of the receptor, which result in @entity535 changes (p.307Thr/Ala, @entity23384 ). In @entity1 , these SNPs were associated with variable response to ovarian stimulation with FSH during @entity249 treatment. Not all studies revealed an association, and those that did showed a small effect. Alternative splice variants of the receptor affecting the extracellular domain without causing a frameshift have been found in @entity1 undergoing ovarian stimulation, and in infertile @entity1 . Associations with @entity3610 , @entity11157 , @entity170 , and @entity5 found small effect. SUMMARY: The identification of @entity23385 variants in a select @entity249 @entity1 population has significant clinical implications in demonstrating a possible genetic cause to female @entity249 and improves our understanding of the genetic basis of @entity249 as a whole. Pharmacogenomics is a new field aiming to devise individualized treatments for disorders based on the genetic signature of the @entity1 .

title: Impact of XXXX variants in fertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity23385 :: ('2492', 'Gene') :: ['Follicle stimulating hormone receptor', 'FSHR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity23384 :: ('p|SUB|N|680|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.680Asn/Ser']

answer: @entity23385 :: (2492,Gene) :: ['follicle stimulating hormone receptor']


abstract: Super-oxidised waters, particularly @entity72561 (  ), have been suggested for the disinfection of dental unit water lines and dental impression materials owing to their antimicrobial efficacy. One of the previously suggested characteristics is their short shelf life. The purpose of this investigation was to understand the effect of storage conditions on @entity72561 (  )'s stability. Eight bottles (four completely full, four half-full) of freshly prepared solution were divided into four groups and subsequently stored by being either exposed to or protected from sunlight. The @entity3878 concentration was monitored using @entity3878 test strips until the concentration reached zero, or until the thirteenth week. Statistically significant differences between the groups exposed to sunlight and the non-exposed groups (p <0.001) were found. The mean loss of @entity3878 per day for the non-exposed samples was 1.01 mg/L, whilst the mean for the exposed samples was 2.42 mg/L. The presence of air did not affect the @entity3878 decomposition in the bottles. The results of this investigation indicate that when the solution is exposed to sunlight, the decrease of @entity3878 starts at day 4, whilst for the groups sheltered from sunlight, the process started after day 14. Therefore, @entity72561 (  ) solutions appear to be more stable than previously surmised.

title: Some factors influencing the stability of XXXX (  ), a super-oxidised water.

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

answer: @entity72561 :: (MESH:C118085,Chemical) :: ['Sterilox']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is a @entity66 unique to @entity1 that is known to cause maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Between 5-7% of all pregnancies are affected by @entity1468 and it is responsible for approximately 50,000 maternal deaths annually. The pathogenesis of @entity1468 remains poorly understood. However, the results of this study indicated that insufficient decidualization plays a significant role. @entity20043 and @entity2538 are orphan members of the @entity20043 subfamily of nuclear receptors and are involved in @entity1 follicular development, female reproduction, steroidogenesis, and decidualization. The expression of @entity20043 and @entity2538 in the @entity1 decidua and their functions during decidualization were investigated using in vitro cultured cells by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and siRNA techniques. The results demonstrated that the levels of @entity2538 mRNA and protein in the decidual tissues of @entity1 with @entity1468 were lower than those of normal pregnant @entity1 . However, the levels of @entity20043 mRNA and protein did not significantly differ between groups. The expression of @entity2538 was upregulated after in vitro decidualization, but the expression of @entity20043 remained low and showed no difference compared with that of the control cells. Knocking down of @entity2538 in @entity1 endometrial stromal cells (hESC) resulted in a significant reduction in their expression of decidualization markers ( @entity10116 and PRL) and signaling pathway molecules ( @entity18182 and @entity1841 ) (P < 0.05). From these data, we concluded that @entity2538 is pivotal for the decidualization of decidual tissues and cultured @entity1 endometrial stromal cells. Disorders of the endometrium in decidual tissues may be associated with the abnormal decidualization thought to cause @entity1468 .

title: Dysfunction of @entity2538 in Decidua: Possible Relevance to the Pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens', 'women', 'human', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['Preeclampsia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is a @entity66 unique to @entity1 that is known to cause maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Between 5-7% of all pregnancies are affected by @entity1468 and it is responsible for approximately 50,000 maternal deaths annually. The pathogenesis of @entity1468 remains poorly understood. However, the results of this study indicated that insufficient decidualization plays a significant role. @entity20043 and @entity2538 are orphan members of the @entity20043 subfamily of nuclear receptors and are involved in @entity1 follicular development, female reproduction, steroidogenesis, and decidualization. The expression of @entity20043 and @entity2538 in the @entity1 decidua and their functions during decidualization were investigated using in vitro cultured cells by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and siRNA techniques. The results demonstrated that the levels of @entity2538 mRNA and protein in the decidual tissues of @entity1 with @entity1468 were lower than those of normal pregnant @entity1 . However, the levels of @entity20043 mRNA and protein did not significantly differ between groups. The expression of @entity2538 was upregulated after in vitro decidualization, but the expression of @entity20043 remained low and showed no difference compared with that of the control cells. Knocking down of @entity2538 in @entity1 endometrial stromal cells (hESC) resulted in a significant reduction in their expression of decidualization markers ( @entity10116 and PRL) and signaling pathway molecules ( @entity18182 and @entity1841 ) (P < 0.05). From these data, we concluded that @entity2538 is pivotal for the decidualization of decidual tissues and cultured @entity1 endometrial stromal cells. Disorders of the endometrium in decidual tissues may be associated with the abnormal decidualization thought to cause @entity1468 .

title: Dysfunction of XXXX in Decidua: Possible Relevance to the Pathogenesis of @entity1468 .

answer: @entity2538 :: (2494,Gene) :: ['Liver Receptor Homolog-1']


abstract: Light microscope autoradiography was utilized to investigate the separate proliferative activities of the basal and glandular cell types during @entity342 -mediated restoration of the ventral prostatic epithelium in castrated @entity35 . Our objective was to determine whether the proliferative population of the prostatic epithelium is restricted to the basal cell subtype under these experimental conditions. In the intact animal, substantial numbers of basal as well as glandular cells were found to be proliferating. The basal cell @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was 3.75% +/- 0.3% or 1.85 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) labeled cells per prostate. For the glandular cells the comparable figures were 0.38% and 3.32 +/- 1.5 x 10(5). Seven days after surgical castration, both subtypes persisted. However, only the numbers of glandular cells were found to be significantly reduced (66% decrease). When @entity3800 were replaced by daily subcutaneous injection ( @entity3033 , 2 mg/0.2 ml @entity5420 oil), both cell types responded with significantly increased proliferation. The temporal pattern of response displayed by each cell type was very similar. A greater proportion of basal than glandular cells responded, ie, 28% vs 11% @entity894 . However, in terms of approximate numbers of cells labeled during the peak response, the value for the glandular cells was larger, @entity19 .4 vs 1.1 x 10(6) labeled cells. These data clearly indicate that under normal conditions as well as during @entity251 stimulation, basal cells are not the sole population of proliferating cells in the prostatic epithelium. Thus, basal cells, as a distinct morphologic population, are not homogeneously undifferentiated stem cells which give rise to differentiated and nonproliferating glandular epithelial cells. Aspects of these data can nevertheless be interpreted to support the idea that the prostatic epithelium is maintained by a single cell lineage system in which the stem cells comprise a subpopulation of the basal cells. Alternatively, the two populations may be separate and distinct as no data are presented which unequivocally links the two cell types in a precursor-progeny relationship.

title: Response of glandular versus basal @entity35 ventral prostatic epithelial cells to XXXX withdrawal and replacement.

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Light microscope autoradiography was utilized to investigate the separate proliferative activities of the basal and glandular cell types during @entity342 -mediated restoration of the ventral prostatic epithelium in castrated @entity35 . Our objective was to determine whether the proliferative population of the prostatic epithelium is restricted to the basal cell subtype under these experimental conditions. In the intact animal, substantial numbers of basal as well as glandular cells were found to be proliferating. The basal cell @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was 3.75% +/- 0.3% or 1.85 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) labeled cells per prostate. For the glandular cells the comparable figures were 0.38% and 3.32 +/- 1.5 x 10(5). Seven days after surgical castration, both subtypes persisted. However, only the numbers of glandular cells were found to be significantly reduced (66% decrease). When @entity3800 were replaced by daily subcutaneous injection ( @entity3033 , 2 mg/0.2 ml @entity5420 oil), both cell types responded with significantly increased proliferation. The temporal pattern of response displayed by each cell type was very similar. A greater proportion of basal than glandular cells responded, ie, 28% vs 11% @entity894 . However, in terms of approximate numbers of cells labeled during the peak response, the value for the glandular cells was larger, @entity19 .4 vs 1.1 x 10(6) labeled cells. These data clearly indicate that under normal conditions as well as during @entity251 stimulation, basal cells are not the sole population of proliferating cells in the prostatic epithelium. Thus, basal cells, as a distinct morphologic population, are not homogeneously undifferentiated stem cells which give rise to differentiated and nonproliferating glandular epithelial cells. Aspects of these data can nevertheless be interpreted to support the idea that the prostatic epithelium is maintained by a single cell lineage system in which the stem cells comprise a subpopulation of the basal cells. Alternatively, the two populations may be separate and distinct as no data are presented which unequivocally links the two cell types in a precursor-progeny relationship.

title: Response of glandular versus basal XXXX ventral prostatic epithelial cells to @entity342 withdrawal and replacement.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity980 ) have a poor prognosis. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate whether @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in @entity1 with metastatic @entity980 has additional benefit or harm compared to standard chemotherapy. METHODS: Systematic literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. All databases were searched from inception to February 2010. PubMed was searched in June 2010 for a last update. In addition to randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, case series and case reports were included to complement results from scant data. The primary outcome was overall survival. A meta-analysis was performed using the hazard ratio as primary effect measure, which was estimated from Cox proportional hazard models or from summary statistics of Kaplan Meier product-limit estimations. RESULTS: A total of 40 studies with 287 transplant @entity1 with metastatic @entity980 (age range 0 to 32 years) were included in the assessment. We identified 3 non-randomized controlled trials. The 3-year overall survival ranged from 22% to 53% in the transplant groups vs. 18% to 55% in the control groups. Meta-analysis on overall survival in controlled trials showed no difference between treatments. Result of meta-analysis of pooled individual survival data of case series and case reports, and results from uncontrolled studies with aggregate data were in the range of those from controlled data. The risk of bias was high in all studies due to methodological flaws. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2101 followed by autologous HSCT in @entity1 with @entity980 remains an experimental treatment. At present, it does not appear justifiable to use this treatment except in appropriately designed controlled trials.

title: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for XXXX --a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-dose chemotherapy', 'HDCT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an extensive critical care literature for central @entity455 , duration of catheterization, and compliance with @entity281 control procedures. The emergency medicine literature, however, contains very little data on central venous catheters and arterial lines. As emergency medicine practice continues to incorporate greater numbers of critical care procedures such as central venous catheter placement, @entity281 control is becoming a greater issue. AIMS: We performed a systematic review of studies reporting baseline data of ED-placed central venous catheters and arterial lines using multiple search methods. METHODS: Two reviewers independently assessed included studies using explicit criteria, including the use of ED-placed invasive lines, the presence of central line-associated @entity281 , and excluded case reports and review articles. Finding significant heterogeneity among studies, we performed a qualitative assessment. RESULTS: Our search produced 504 abstracts, of which 15 studies were evaluated, and 4 studies were excluded because of quality issues leaving 11 cohort studies. Four studies calculated @entity281 rates, ranging 0-24.1/1,000 catheter-days for central line-associated and 0-32.8/1,000 catheter-days for central line-related @entity281 . Average duration of catheterization was 4.9  days (range 1.6-14.1  days), and compliance with @entity281 control procedures was 33-96.5%. The data were too poor to compare emergency department to in-hospital @entity1212 rates. CONCLUSIONS: The existing data for emergency department-placed invasive lines are poor, but suggest they are a source of @entity281 , remain in place for a significant period of time, and that adherence to maximum barrier precautions is poor. Obtaining accurate rates of @entity281 and comparison between emergency department and inpatient lines requires prospective study.

title: Systematic review of emergency department central venous and arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infection']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous catheter and arterial line infection']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['catheter infection']


abstract: @entity165 -dependent cytolysins are a family of poreforming proteins that have been shown to be virulence factors for a large number of pathogenic bacteria. The mechanism of pore formation for these toxins involves a complex series of events that are known to include binding, oligomerization, and insertion of a transmembrane beta-barrel. Several features of this mechanism remain poorly understood and controversial. Whereas a prepore mechanism has been proposed for @entity72562 , a very different mechanism has been proposed for the homologous member of the family, streptolysin O. To distinguish between the two models, a novel approach that directly measures the dimension of transmembranes pores was used. Pore formation itself was examined for both cytolysins by encapsulating @entity941 -labeled peptides and proteins of different sizes into liposomes. When these liposomes were re-suspended in a solution containing anti- @entity941 antibodies, toxin-mediated pore formation was monitored directly by the quenching of @entity941 emission as the encapsulated molecules were released, and the dyes were bound by the antibodies. The analysis of pore formation determined using this approach reveals that only large pores are produced by @entity72562 and streptolysin O during insertion (and not small pores that grow in size). These results are consistent only with the formation of a prepore complex intermediate prior to insertion of the transmembrane beta-barrel into the bilayer. Fluorescence quenching experiments also revealed that @entity22105 in the prepore complex contacts the membrane via domain 4, and that the individual transmembrane beta-hairpins in domain 3 are not exposed to the nonpolar core of the bilayer at this intermediate stage.

title: Assembly and topography of the prepore complex in XXXX -dependent cytolysins.

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity72562 :: ('MESH:C020452', 'Chemical') :: ['perfringolysin O']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This was a prospective study of the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on @entity4934 , including dose-response relationships using self-report and a bioassay of @entity1239 exposure. METHODS: The sample included 27 @entity1239 exposed and 29 unexposed full-term newborn @entity1 with no medical problems from comparable social class backgrounds. Mothers were excluded for using illegal drugs during pregnancy, using antidepressant medication, or if they consumed >3 alcoholic drinks per month. @entity1239 exposure was determined by maternal self-report and @entity4874 in maternal saliva. The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) was administered by masked examiners in hospital to measure neurobehavioral function. NNNS scores were compared between @entity1239 -exposed and -unexposed groups including adjustment for covariates. Dose-response relationships with NNNS scores were computed for maternal salivary cotinine and maternal report of number of cigarettes per day during pregnancy. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, the @entity286 -exposed @entity1 were more excitable and @entity4372 , required more handling and showed more stress/abstinence signs, specifically in the central nervous system (CNS), @entity227 . Dose-response relationships showed higher maternal salivary cotinine values related to more stress/abstinence signs (r =.530) including CNS (r =.532) and visual stress (r =.688) and higher excitability scores (r =.617). Cigarettes per day during pregnancy was related to more stress/abstinence signs (r =.582) including CNS (r =.561) and visual stress (r =.640). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest @entity2359 effects of prenatal @entity286 exposure on @entity4934 . Dose-response relationships could indicate neonatal withdrawal from @entity1239 . Research directed at understanding the effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on @entity1 can lead to improved public health outcome.

title: Smoking during pregnancy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, and visual areas']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['newborn neurobehavior']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity4934 :: (MESH:D019954,Disease) :: ['newborn neurobehavior']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity31295 , @entity6193 , and @entity7844 in preventing @entity7843 in bobwhite quail was studied using a mixed inoculum of equal numbers of Eimeria dispersa and E. lettyae. A total dosage per quail of 10(6) sporulated oocysts was chosen because this dosage gave a good (77%) @entity308 of @entity1017 from Day 18 to Day 24. Levels of .008% @entity6193 or .0055% @entity7844 were the most effective for prevention of @entity7843 as evaluated by body weight gains. These levels significantly reduced parasite numbers in the duodenum with @entity6193 administration and in both the duodenum and ileum with @entity7844 administration. @entity6193 reduced parasite numbers in the illeum significantly in one experiment and in a second. Amprolium was ineffective for prevention of @entity7843 , as evaluated by body weight gains. Amprolium was also ineffective in consistently reducing parasite numbers in the duodenum and ileum. Both @entity6193 and @entity7844 had a reasonable safety margin in quail. Levels of @entity6193 of .016%, twice the proposed level, significantly reduced body weight at 14 days of age compared with unmedicated controls or quail given .008% @entity6193 . By 28 days, however, this effect was no longer significant. Levels of @entity7844 at the proposed level of .0055% significantly reduced body weight at 14 days of age compared with unmedicated controls. By 28 days, however, this effect was no longer significant in quail given .0055% or .00825% @entity7844 , although in quail fed .011% @entity7844 body weights remained significantly lower (16.5%) at that date. There were no detectable @entity6193 residues in the liver of quail fed a ration containing .008% @entity6193 for 8 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevention of XXXX in bobwhites by medication.

entities_list: @entity31295 :: ('MESH:D000670', 'Chemical') :: ['amprolium']

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['Monensin', 'monensin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity7844 :: ('MESH:C010327', 'Chemical') :: ['salinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity7843 :: (MESH:D003048,Disease) :: ['coccidiosis']


abstract: Pellagra is a nutritional wasting disease attributable to a combined deficiency of @entity2340 and @entity1670 ( @entity1670 ). It is characterized clinically by four classic symptoms often referred to as the four Ds: @entity294 , @entity1909 , @entity303 , and @entity204 . Prior to the development of these symptoms, other nonspecific symptoms insidiously manifest and mostly affect the @entity344 . A review of the literature reveals several case reports describing @entity49270 in @entity1 with @entity1278 . The most common features of @entity49270 in @entity1 with @entity1278 are cutaneous manifestations such as erythema on sun-exposed areas, @entity35160 , and @entity3136 . Health care providers might consider a trial of 150-500 mg @entity1670 if anorexic @entity1 exhibit these cutaneous findings. Pellagra can be diagnosed if cutaneous symptoms resolve within 24-48 hours after oral @entity1670 administration. To further corroborate a diagnosis of @entity49270 in anorexic @entity1 , specific 24-hour urine tests for @entity1670 metabolites and @entity1130 could be run prior to treatment with @entity1670 being instituted. Other factors, such as mycotoxins, excessive dietary @entity368 intake (although not in @entity448 ), @entity172 and progestogens, @entity4303 , and various medications, might also lead to the development of @entity49270 . Although @entity49270 appears to be a rare, yet possible secondary @entity1278 , it should be considered in the work-up of @entity1 who exhibit cutaneous manifestations subsequent to sunlight exposure.

title: Pellagra may be a rare secondary XXXX : a systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid', 'niacin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological, neuropsychiatric, and gastrointestinal systems']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'complication of anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['complication of anorexia nervosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes and predictors of survival of pediatric @entity259 , specifically @entity3557 . METHODS: SEER was searched for surgical pediatric cases ( <=20 years old) of @entity3557 diagnosed between 1973 and 2011. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical methods. All papillary types, including follicular variant, were included. RESULTS: A total of 2504 cases were identified. Overall incidence was 0.483/100,000 @entity1 per year with a significant annual percent change (APC) in occurrence of 2.07  % from baseline (P  <  0.05). Mean age at diagnosis was 16 years and highest incidence was found in white, female @entity1 ages 15-19. @entity1 with @entity5 sizes  <1  cm more likely received lobectomies/isthmusectomies versus subtotal/total thyroidectomies [OR  =  3.03 (2.12, 4.32); P  <  0.001]. @entity1 with @entity5  >= 1  cm and lymph node-positive statuses [OR  =  99.0 (12.5, 783); P  <  0.001] more likely underwent subtotal/total thyroidectomy compared to lobectomy/isthmusectomy. Tumors  >= 1  cm were more likely lymph node-positive [OR  =  39.4 (16.6, 93.7); p  <  0.001]. Mortality did not differ between procedures. Mean survival was 38.6  years and higher in those with regional disease. Disease-specific 30-year survival ranged from 99 to 100  %, regardless of @entity5 size or procedure. Lymph node sampling did not affect survival. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pediatric @entity3557 is increasing. Females have a higher incidence, but similar survival to males. Tumors >= 1  cm were likely to be lymph node-positive. Although @entity5 >= 1  cm were more likely to be resected by subtotal/total thyroidectomy, survival was high and did not differ based on procedure.

title: Pediatric XXXX : outcomes and survival predictors in 2504 surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes and predictors of survival of pediatric @entity259 , specifically @entity3557 . METHODS: SEER was searched for surgical pediatric cases ( <=20 years old) of @entity3557 diagnosed between 1973 and 2011. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical methods. All papillary types, including follicular variant, were included. RESULTS: A total of 2504 cases were identified. Overall incidence was 0.483/100,000 @entity1 per year with a significant annual percent change (APC) in occurrence of 2.07  % from baseline (P  <  0.05). Mean age at diagnosis was 16 years and highest incidence was found in white, female @entity1 ages 15-19. @entity1 with @entity5 sizes  <1  cm more likely received lobectomies/isthmusectomies versus subtotal/total thyroidectomies [OR  =  3.03 (2.12, 4.32); P  <  0.001]. @entity1 with @entity5  >= 1  cm and lymph node-positive statuses [OR  =  99.0 (12.5, 783); P  <  0.001] more likely underwent subtotal/total thyroidectomy compared to lobectomy/isthmusectomy. Tumors  >= 1  cm were more likely lymph node-positive [OR  =  39.4 (16.6, 93.7); p  <  0.001]. Mortality did not differ between procedures. Mean survival was 38.6  years and higher in those with regional disease. Disease-specific 30-year survival ranged from 99 to 100  %, regardless of @entity5 size or procedure. Lymph node sampling did not affect survival. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pediatric @entity3557 is increasing. Females have a higher incidence, but similar survival to males. Tumors >= 1  cm were likely to be lymph node-positive. Although @entity5 >= 1  cm were more likely to be resected by subtotal/total thyroidectomy, survival was high and did not differ based on procedure.

title: Pediatric @entity3557 : outcomes and survival predictors in 2504 surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: New guidelines discourage cervical screening and procedures in young females, given available @entity1082 vaccines, concerns regarding procedure-associated harms, and the rarity of @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To analyze histopathologic follow-up data on a large number of young females with @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) Papanicolaou (Pap) test results. DESIGN: Hospital records were searched for @entity2784 Pap test results in females 20 years or younger between January 2002 and December 2007. Histopathologic and Pap test follow-up, age group variations, and impact of Pap test transformation zone/endocervical sampling were analyzed. RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-four females aged 20 years or younger had @entity2784 Pap test results during the study period. Three hundred thirty-five young females with at least one cervical biopsy were included. The average age was 18.6 years (range, 13-20 years). The average follow-up period was 24 months (range, 0.1-75 months), with a median of 22 months. Histopathologic detection rates were 44.2% for @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 2/3 and 47.8% for @entity3146 1. The average period between the @entity2784 Pap test result and an initial diagnosis of @entity3146 2/3 was 5 months (range, 0.1-62 months), with a median of 2 months. Neither @entity189 nor @entity420 in situ was identified. Presence or absence of a transformation zone/endocervical sample did not significantly impact @entity3146 2/3 risk (44.5% versus 38.9%, P = .64). CONCLUSIONS: Histopathologic @entity3146 2/3 was documented in 148 of 335 (44%) of biopsied young females with @entity2784 Pap results, likely reflecting both the reported high likelihood of @entity2784 regression in younger females and the challenge of colposcopic sampling of relatively short-lived smaller @entity3146 2/3 lesions. Although no cases of @entity189 were identified in this study, updated guidelines pose new risks for maturing females with undetected cervical precancer.

title: Follow-up findings in young females with XXXX papanicolaou test results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity2784 :: (MESH:D065310,Disease) :: ['high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the efficacy and safety of the first long-acting atypical antipsychotic (long-acting injectable @entity1090 ) in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: In a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized study, @entity1 received intramuscular injections every 2 weeks of placebo or long-acting @entity1090 (25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg). The primary measure of efficacy was the change in total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS: Of the 554 @entity1 who were enrolled, 400 entered the double-blind study, and 370 received at least one postbaseline assessment. Mean changes in score of -6.2, -8.5, and -7.4 on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were seen at endpoint for the 25-, 50-, and 75-mg @entity1090 groups, respectively; all three change scores were significantly different from that seen with placebo (+2.6). Improvements in positive and negative symptoms were also significantly greater in @entity1 receiving @entity1090 . Long-acting @entity1090 was well tolerated. Adverse events related to @entity21 were spontaneously reported by 13% of @entity1 receiving placebo and 10% of @entity1 in the 25-mg @entity1090 group, with higher rates in the 50-mg and 75-mg groups. Severity of @entity21 was mild at baseline and throughout the trial in each treatment group. Mean weight changes were small in the 25-, 50-, and 75-mg @entity1090 groups (0.5 kg, 1.2 kg, and 1.9 kg, respectively). @entity158 was rated as low by the @entity1 , consistent with the investigators' @entity158 ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Long-acting injectable @entity1090 was efficacious and well tolerated and provides both clinicians and @entity1 with a new mode of treatment that can improve the outcome of long-term therapy.

title: Long-acting injectable XXXX : efficacy and safety of the first long-acting atypical antipsychotic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Injection site pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive @entity413 lowering has previously been shown to increase mortality among @entity1 with advanced @entity164 2 @entity6 and a high risk of @entity65 . This report describes the 5-year outcomes of a mean of 3.7 years of intensive @entity413 lowering on mortality and key cardiovascular events. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity65 or additional cardiovascular risk factors to receive intensive therapy (targeting a glycated hemoglobin level below 6.0%) or standard therapy (targeting a level of 7 to 7.9%). After termination of the intensive therapy, due to higher mortality in the intensive-therapy group, the target glycated hemoglobin level was 7 to 7.9% for all @entity1 , who were followed until the planned end of the trial. RESULTS: Before the intensive therapy was terminated, the intensive-therapy group did not differ significantly from the standard-therapy group in the rate of the primary outcome (a composite of nonfatal @entity583 , @entity64 , or @entity204 from cardiovascular causes) (P=0.13) but had more deaths from any cause (primarily cardiovascular) (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.44) and fewer nonfatal @entity583 (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.95). These trends persisted during the entire follow-up period (hazard ratio for @entity204 , 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.38; and hazard ratio for nonfatal @entity583 , 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.96). After the intensive intervention was terminated, the median glycated hemoglobin level in the intensive-therapy group rose from 6.4% to 7.2%, and the use of @entity413 -lowering medications and rates of severe @entity4053 and other adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with standard therapy, the use of intensive therapy for 3.7 years to target a glycated hemoglobin level below 6% reduced 5-year nonfatal @entity583 but increased 5-year mortality. Such a strategy cannot be recommended for high-risk @entity1 with advanced @entity164 2 @entity6 . (Funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000620.).

title: Long-term effects of intensive XXXX lowering on cardiovascular outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity1 @entity5 . However, the studies of @entity8395  -Ls pathway in @entity1721  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4634 , @entity14797 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4634 / @entity14797 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity405 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity405 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4634 -positive @entity1 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity1 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity14797 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity5  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity405 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity8395  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity8395 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of XXXX and @entity14797 on @entity1721 and the antitumor effects of @entity405 + T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity4634 :: (29126,Gene) :: ['PD-L1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity1 @entity5 . However, the studies of @entity8395  -Ls pathway in @entity1721  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4634 , @entity14797 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4634 / @entity14797 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity405 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity405 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4634 -positive @entity1 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity1 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity14797 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity5  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity405 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity8395  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity8395 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of @entity4634 and @entity14797 on XXXX and the antitumor effects of @entity405 + T cells.

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity1 @entity5 . However, the studies of @entity8395  -Ls pathway in @entity1721  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4634 , @entity14797 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4634 / @entity14797 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity405 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity405 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4634 -positive @entity1 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity1 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity14797 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity5  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity405 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity8395  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity8395 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of @entity4634 and @entity14797 on @entity1721 and the antitumor effects of XXXX + T cells.

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity1 @entity5 . However, the studies of @entity8395  -Ls pathway in @entity1721  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4634 , @entity14797 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4634 / @entity14797 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity405 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity405 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4634 -positive @entity1 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity1 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity14797 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity5  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4634 and @entity14797 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity8395  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity405 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity8395  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity8395 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of @entity4634 and XXXX on @entity1721 and the antitumor effects of @entity405 + T cells.

answer: @entity14797 :: (80380,Gene) :: ['PD-L2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mounting evidence suggests that signalling cross-talk plays a significant role in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in @entity5 cells. However, the complex network regulating the EMT in different @entity5 types has not been fully described yet which affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we investigated the signalling pathways involved in EMT of @entity150 cells and demonstrated the effects of two novel agents in the regulation of EMT. @entity72563 ( @entity9623 ) and @entity14685 (TQ) have been shown to possess anti- @entity5 properties. However, their targets in the regulation of @entity5 cell behavior are not well defined. Here, we defined the effects of two putative anti- @entity5 agents on @entity150 cell migration and their possible intracellular targets in the regulation of EMT. Our results suggest that @entity9623 or TQ treatment affected @entity6076 , @entity4245 , @entity19099 , and @entity3546 expressions and effectively attenuated @entity3470 activity. The downstream components in @entity3470 signalling were also affected. @entity9623 treatment resulted in the concomitant inhibition of extracellular matrix-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity1366 ), @entity1435 (MAPK) and @entity7242 activity. On the other hand, TQ treatment increased @entity7242 activity while exerting no effect on @entity1366 or p38 MAPK activity. Given the stronger inhibition of EMT-related markers in @entity9623 -treated samples, we concluded that this effect might be due to collective inhibition of multiple signalling pathways which result in a decrease in their cross-talk in @entity150 cells. Overall, the data in this study proposes novel action mechanisms for @entity9623 or TQ in @entity150 cells and highlights the potential use of these active compounds in the regulation of EMT.

title: Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in XXXX cells via modulation of @entity3470 signalling.

entities_list: @entity72563 :: ('MESH:C455139', 'Chemical') :: ['Myrtucommulone-A']

entities_list: @entity14685 :: ('MESH:C003466', 'Chemical') :: ['thymoquinone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mounting evidence suggests that signalling cross-talk plays a significant role in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in @entity5 cells. However, the complex network regulating the EMT in different @entity5 types has not been fully described yet which affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we investigated the signalling pathways involved in EMT of @entity150 cells and demonstrated the effects of two novel agents in the regulation of EMT. @entity72563 ( @entity9623 ) and @entity14685 (TQ) have been shown to possess anti- @entity5 properties. However, their targets in the regulation of @entity5 cell behavior are not well defined. Here, we defined the effects of two putative anti- @entity5 agents on @entity150 cell migration and their possible intracellular targets in the regulation of EMT. Our results suggest that @entity9623 or TQ treatment affected @entity6076 , @entity4245 , @entity19099 , and @entity3546 expressions and effectively attenuated @entity3470 activity. The downstream components in @entity3470 signalling were also affected. @entity9623 treatment resulted in the concomitant inhibition of extracellular matrix-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity1366 ), @entity1435 (MAPK) and @entity7242 activity. On the other hand, TQ treatment increased @entity7242 activity while exerting no effect on @entity1366 or p38 MAPK activity. Given the stronger inhibition of EMT-related markers in @entity9623 -treated samples, we concluded that this effect might be due to collective inhibition of multiple signalling pathways which result in a decrease in their cross-talk in @entity150 cells. Overall, the data in this study proposes novel action mechanisms for @entity9623 or TQ in @entity150 cells and highlights the potential use of these active compounds in the regulation of EMT.

title: Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in @entity150 cells via modulation of XXXX signalling.

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenging behaviour is a major problem among @entity1 with @entity717 . Physical factors may be an important cause. The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the physical conditions associated with challenging behaviour. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane systematic review database for empirical studies published between 1990 and 2008. The quality of all the studies that met the inclusion criteria was assessed using the SIGN-50 methodology checklists. RESULTS: The search identified 45 studies, which looked at general medical conditions, @entity73 , @entity72564 , @entity344 , @entity25 , @entity303 and others. There were four high-quality observational studies, seven well-conducted observational studies, 21 observational studies of low methodological quality and 13 non-analytical studies. There were significant and independent associations between challenging behaviours and @entity322 , @entity158 related to @entity306 and @entity25 , and between self-injurious behaviour and @entity227 . No association was found with @entity393 , @entity322 , @entity73 or @entity302 . Many other physical conditions were not addressed at all. CONCLUSION: Medical conditions can play a role in challenging behaviour, and this should be evaluated in the clinical setting. So far, the level of evidence is generally low, and longitudinal studies are completely lacking. We recommend a systematic approach to research examining the role of physical conditions in challenging behaviour, the ultimate aim being to establish a basis for the development of clinical guidelines.

title: Physical conditions and challenging behaviour in @entity1 with XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['bowel incontinence', 'urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment', 'mobility impairment']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity72564 :: ('MESH:D020937', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy, sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'chronic sleep problems']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenging behaviour is a major problem among @entity1 with @entity717 . Physical factors may be an important cause. The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the physical conditions associated with challenging behaviour. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane systematic review database for empirical studies published between 1990 and 2008. The quality of all the studies that met the inclusion criteria was assessed using the SIGN-50 methodology checklists. RESULTS: The search identified 45 studies, which looked at general medical conditions, @entity73 , @entity72564 , @entity344 , @entity25 , @entity303 and others. There were four high-quality observational studies, seven well-conducted observational studies, 21 observational studies of low methodological quality and 13 non-analytical studies. There were significant and independent associations between challenging behaviours and @entity322 , @entity158 related to @entity306 and @entity25 , and between self-injurious behaviour and @entity227 . No association was found with @entity393 , @entity322 , @entity73 or @entity302 . Many other physical conditions were not addressed at all. CONCLUSION: Medical conditions can play a role in challenging behaviour, and this should be evaluated in the clinical setting. So far, the level of evidence is generally low, and longitudinal studies are completely lacking. We recommend a systematic approach to research examining the role of physical conditions in challenging behaviour, the ultimate aim being to establish a basis for the development of clinical guidelines.

title: Physical conditions and challenging behaviour in XXXX with @entity717 : a systematic review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition, whose current specific cause and outcome are unknown. Our purpose was to analyze it. We performed a retrospective observational study with prospective follow-up data including 136 consecutive @entity1 admitted with diagnosis of @entity2293 , from 2003 to 2013. We thoroughly recorded variables as clinical features, @entity5173 /pericardiocentesis, fluid characteristics, and long-term events (new @entity204 ). The median age was 65    17  years (55% @entity1 ). In the baseline characteristics, 70% were no smokers, 12% were on anticoagulation, and 13 had suffered a previous @entity583 . In the preceding month, 15 @entity1 had undergone a cardiac catheterization, 5 cardiac surgery, and 5 pacemaker insertion. Fever was observed in 16% of @entity1 and 21% displayed other inflammatory symptoms. In 81% of @entity1 , pericardiocentesis was needed. The fluid was hemorrhagic or a transudate in the majority, with positive cytology in 15% and bacteria in 3.7%. Main causes were @entity5 (32%), @entity281 (24%), idiopathic (16%), iatrogenic (15%), @entity1188 (7%), uremic (4%), and other causes (2%). After a maximum follow-up of 10.4  years, @entity2293 recurred in 10% of the cases (62% in the neoplastic group) and the 48% of @entity1 died (89% in the neoplastic cohort). In conclusion, most @entity2293 are due to @entity5 , having this specific cause a poorer outcome, probably as a manifestation of an advanced disease. The rest of causes, after an aggressive intensive management, have a good prognosis, especially the iatrogenic.

title: Cause and Long-Term Outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponades', 'cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade    death']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Tamponade']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the @entity735 , determine their recurrence in families and assess the mode of inheritance of the most prevalent anomalies through pedigree analysis in a herd of Exmoor ponies. ANIMALS STUDIED: Thirty Exmoor ponies residing in south-western Ontario, Canada. PROCEDURES: Ophthalmic examination was performed using direct ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy, pre- and post-pupillary dilation. Following compilation of ocular findings, pedigree analysis was conducted to assess the recurrence pattern of specific anomalies in families and the data were tested for significance for breed prevalence and gender dependence, using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Twenty-eight purebred ponies and two cross-breds, ranging from 14 days to 31 years were examined. A prominent brow above the eyes characteristic of this breed was a consistent periocular feature of adult ponies. In nine ponies, @entity3066 , @entity1539 , Mittendorf's dot, hyaloid artery remnant, and hyper-reflective vitreal strands were detected while the lesions recorded in the remaining 21 included macroblepharon, persistent @entity47396 , @entity1539 , @entity231 , focal @entity989 and optic nerve @entity135 . The most common ocular finding was @entity231 seen mainly in females. Statistical tests on prevalence data confirmed a significant breed and sex association. Pedigree analysis favored a sex-linked mode of inheritance for @entity231 in this line of Exmoor ponies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity735 detected in this group have been previously reported in other breeds of @entity1641 , this is the first report of @entity1641 @entity231 showing a familial trend suggestive of a @entity74 .

title: XXXX in a herd of Exmoor ponies in Canada.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head coloboma']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris hypoplasia', 'iris nevus']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity47396 :: ('MESH:C562700', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary membranes']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid sarcoid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sex-linked genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal or retinal pigment epithelium hypoplasia']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['Ocular anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11682 resistance is conferred by the sulI gene found on many Enterobacteriaceae R plasmids and Tn21 type transposons. The sulI gene encodes a @entity11682 insensitive @entity9795 synthase enzyme required for @entity1501 biosynthesis. Transformation of @entity286 , @entity415 or @entity958 using sulI as a selectable marker generates @entity4766 -resistant plants. Typically sulI-based selection of transgenic plants is performed on tissue culture media under sterile conditions. FINDINGS: A set of novel binary vectors containing a sulI selectable marker expression cassette were constructed and used to generate transgenic @entity958 . We demonstrate that the sulI selectable marker can be utilized for direct selection of plants grown in soil with a simple foliar spray application procedure. A highly effective and inexpensive high throughput screening strategy to identify transgenic @entity958 without use of tissue culture was developed. CONCLUSION: Novel sulI-containing Agrobacterium binary vectors designed to over-express a gene of interest or to characterize a test promoter in transgenic plants have been constructed. These new vector tools combined with the various beneficial attributes of @entity11682 selection and the simple foliar screening strategy provide an advantageous alternative for plant biotechnology researchers. The set of binary vectors is freely available upon request.

title: Novel sulI binary vectors enable an inexpensive foliar selection method in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9795 :: ('MESH:C000978', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropteroate']

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfonamide', 'sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the haemodynamic regulation at rest and during exercise in Fontan @entity1 at a long-term follow-up. DESIGN: Cardiac output was measured with the dye-dilution technique. We examined 15 out of the surviving 20 @entity1 operated upon in G  teborg between 1980 and 1991. Their mean age was 26.4 years. Four @entity1 had to be excluded due to technical reasons. RESULTS: Median maximal @entity26 uptake was 1.47 l/min, corresponding to 21.9 ml/kg/min. Cardiac output was lower than expected at all exercise levels, presumably due to a reduced pulmonary blood flow. The median maximal cardiac output value was 8.0 l/min. @entity64 volume index was 33 ml/m (2). The subjects compensated for the @entity998 with an increased arteriovenous @entity26 difference. They had a normal increase in arterial blood pressure. This was achieved by an increase in total peripheral resistance. CONCLUSION: The low maximal exercise capacity was due to a @entity998 and a reduced pulmonary blood flow. This was compensated for by an increased arteriovenous @entity26 difference

title: Haemodynamic adaptation during exercise in fontan XXXX at a long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduced cardiac output']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our knowledge of diseases caused by biologically and chemically contaminated food varies considerably between developing countries. While in Latin America and the Caribbean some information regarding foodborne hazards, high-risk foods and the extent of any resulting disease is available, in many other developing countries little is known about the nature and extent of such diseases. Systematic foodborne surveillance activities, including epidemiological studies, are rarely undertaken. Public health authorities and the public frequently learn about the more dramatic disease outbreaks from news media. A good indication of the importance of food contamination for health and well-being is the information available about @entity1 @entity294 , @entity1 / @entity1 and adult @entity3147 . Both conditions are closely related to contaminated food and drinking water, and are particularly important public health problems in most developing countries, as is cholera. With regard to chemicals, little information is available in developing countries on the occurrence of food contamination. Without such information, the health of hundreds of millions of @entity1 may be threatened. Improving the safety of the food supply and reducing @entity6766 requires the concept of shared responsibility to be adopted. All of society needs to accept that food is not only an agricultural and trade commodity but a public health issue. Consequently, Ministries of Health in all countries must integrate food safety as an essential public health function into their work.

title: XXXX in developing countries: aetiology, epidemiology and strategies for prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['foodborne diseases']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['Foodborne diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports have suggested that @entity2812 is effective as an antidepressant augmentation agent in @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity308 . This study is the largest double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted to date of @entity2812 in this role. METHOD: In this multicenter trial, conducted at 19 sites, @entity1 aged 18-65 years with a DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnosis of unipolar, nonpsychotic major @entity308 (confirmed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) who had failed at least 1 adequate trial of an antidepressant (N = 183) were first treated for 8 weeks with open-label @entity903 or @entity903 controlled-release in dosages up to 50 mg/d or 62.5 mg/d, respectively. Individuals with a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( @entity3831 -17) score >=  15 (n = 96) were then randomized on a double-blind basis to receive either placebo or @entity2812 in dosages titrated upward to a maximum of 400 mg/d for 10 weeks. Sixty-five @entity1 completed the study. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the main secondary outcome measures were the @entity3831 -17 and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) ratings. Data were collected from 2003 to 2006. RESULTS: Results of the primary efficacy analysis of the randomized @entity1 using the MADRS, @entity3831 -17, CGI-S, and CGI-I did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between @entity2812 and placebo groups, although some secondary analyses were suggestive of efficacy, particularly in those @entity1 who completed the study (completer analysis) and in more severely ill @entity1 ( @entity3831 -17 >=  25). CONCLUSIONS: This add-on study of @entity1 with @entity13217 failed to detect a statistically significant difference between @entity2812 and placebo given for 10 weeks. However, post hoc analyses suggest that future studies of @entity2812 's efficacy might focus on specific subgroups with @entity308 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00901407.

title: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of @entity2812 as an antidepressant augmentation agent in treatment-refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['unipolar depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports have suggested that @entity2812 is effective as an antidepressant augmentation agent in @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity308 . This study is the largest double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted to date of @entity2812 in this role. METHOD: In this multicenter trial, conducted at 19 sites, @entity1 aged 18-65 years with a DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnosis of unipolar, nonpsychotic major @entity308 (confirmed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) who had failed at least 1 adequate trial of an antidepressant (N = 183) were first treated for 8 weeks with open-label @entity903 or @entity903 controlled-release in dosages up to 50 mg/d or 62.5 mg/d, respectively. Individuals with a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( @entity3831 -17) score >=  15 (n = 96) were then randomized on a double-blind basis to receive either placebo or @entity2812 in dosages titrated upward to a maximum of 400 mg/d for 10 weeks. Sixty-five @entity1 completed the study. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the main secondary outcome measures were the @entity3831 -17 and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) ratings. Data were collected from 2003 to 2006. RESULTS: Results of the primary efficacy analysis of the randomized @entity1 using the MADRS, @entity3831 -17, CGI-S, and CGI-I did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between @entity2812 and placebo groups, although some secondary analyses were suggestive of efficacy, particularly in those @entity1 who completed the study (completer analysis) and in more severely ill @entity1 ( @entity3831 -17 >=  25). CONCLUSIONS: This add-on study of @entity1 with @entity13217 failed to detect a statistically significant difference between @entity2812 and placebo given for 10 weeks. However, post hoc analyses suggest that future studies of @entity2812 's efficacy might focus on specific subgroups with @entity308 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00901407.

title: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of XXXX as an antidepressant augmentation agent in treatment-refractory @entity308 .

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['lamotrigine']


abstract: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the most aggressive @entity5 and represents the fifth most common cause of @entity5 . It is associated with a poor prognosis, likely due to the tendency of the @entity5 for early local and distant spread. One of the major obstacles of effectively treating @entity1124 is the often late diagnosis. Among all options currently available for @entity1124 , surgical resection offers the only potential cure with 5-year survival rate of approximately 15-20  %. However, in the absence of @entity3 , which precludes resection, assessment of vascular invasion is an important parameter for determining resectability for @entity788 . The vascular involvement in @entity1 with @entity3123 ranges between 21 and 64  %. Historically, vascular involvement has been considered a contraindication to resective cure. Meanwhile, the surgical approach of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) combined with vascular resection and reconstruction has been widely applied in clinical practice to remove the @entity5 completely. Therefore, vascular invasion is no longer a surgical contraindication and the rate of surgical resection has greatly increased. Moreover, PD combined with vascular resection can account for 20 to 25  % of the total cases of PD surgery in a number of the larger pancreas treatment centers. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of management and outcome of vascular resection in @entity1124 surgery.

title: Vascular Resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on the risk of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: A population-based cohort study was carried out using administrative health data on 7051 individuals with @entity309 onset between 1997 and 2001 and no exposure to GC before @entity309 onset. Follow-up was until 2006. GC exposure was defined in four ways: current use (yes/no), current dose (mg/day), cumulative dose (grams) and cumulative duration of use (years). All were used as time-dependent variables updated monthly. @entity64 were ascertained using hospitalisation and vital statistics data. Transient ischaemic attacks were not considered as @entity64 . Cox regression models adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular drug use, propensity scores and @entity309 characteristics were used. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 56 years and 66% were @entity1 . Over 6 years' mean follow-up (43 355 @entity1 -years), 178 incident @entity64 cases were identified. GC current use was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of @entity64 (HR=1.41, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.37). Similarly, the models that accounted for daily dose (HR=1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.21 for each 5 mg increase in the daily dose), cumulative duration of use (HR=1.1, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.32 for each year accumulated in the past) and total cumulative dose (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.08 per gram accumulated in the past) were also not significantly associated with @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based study indicates that GC use is not associated with an increased risk of @entity64 in cases with @entity309 .

title: Risk of cerebrovascular disease associated with the use of glucocorticoids in @entity1 with incident XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on the risk of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: A population-based cohort study was carried out using administrative health data on 7051 individuals with @entity309 onset between 1997 and 2001 and no exposure to GC before @entity309 onset. Follow-up was until 2006. GC exposure was defined in four ways: current use (yes/no), current dose (mg/day), cumulative dose (grams) and cumulative duration of use (years). All were used as time-dependent variables updated monthly. @entity64 were ascertained using hospitalisation and vital statistics data. Transient ischaemic attacks were not considered as @entity64 . Cox regression models adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular drug use, propensity scores and @entity309 characteristics were used. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 56 years and 66% were @entity1 . Over 6 years' mean follow-up (43 355 @entity1 -years), 178 incident @entity64 cases were identified. GC current use was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of @entity64 (HR=1.41, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.37). Similarly, the models that accounted for daily dose (HR=1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.21 for each 5 mg increase in the daily dose), cumulative duration of use (HR=1.1, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.32 for each year accumulated in the past) and total cumulative dose (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.08 per gram accumulated in the past) were also not significantly associated with @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based study indicates that GC use is not associated with an increased risk of @entity64 in cases with @entity309 .

title: Risk of cerebrovascular disease associated with the use of glucocorticoids in XXXX with incident @entity309 : a population-based study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) occurring in the heart is rare. To the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first to report a case of left @entity1418 metastasizing to the vulva. A 37-year-old female presenting with a history of exertional @entity1353 underwent echocardiography, which revealed a mass in the left atrium, with a @entity851 attached to the posterior wall, extending into the pericardium. Furthermore, the mass resulted in severe @entity4794 during diastole. The @entity5 was excised together with a section of the left atrial wall. The initial diagnosis was a left @entity4615 . However, post-operative frozen section histopathology results indicated a diagnosis of @entity1418 . Following surgery, the @entity1 received chemotherapy, however, vulvar @entity3 and left @entity1143 were identified after 1 month. Following surgical excision of the @entity5 and left thoracentesis, the @entity1 began adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the @entity1 succumbed due to local recurrence 6 months later.

title: Primary cardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma with vulvar XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-wide stalk']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulvar tumor']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'MFH', 'atrial MFH']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied using the radiolabeled microsphere technique in a @entity235 model of @entity63 that others have previously examined morphologically with @entity505 perfusion. It was our goal to ascertain whether this ischemic model, which involves easily accessible occlusions of the ipsilateral circle of Willis, could produce reproducible and significant reduction of hemispheric cerebral blood flow. Seven animals underwent the surgical procedure with measurements of rCBF at base line, after arterial microdissection and brain retraction only, and finally after creation of the lesion. Simultaneous somatosensory evoked potential recordings were also obtained. Bilateral symmetrical flow decreases were referable to anesthetic normalization and maintenance alone before creation of the lesion. The @entity432 , however, produced further significant decreases in flow on the ipsilateral side only, sparing all contralateral structures and sparing the brain stem and cerebellum bilaterally. Evoked responses, which had shown no changes in latency or amplitude after dissection and retraction procedures, were completely abolished 15 minutes after the @entity432 . Control animals that underwent surgical positioning and anesthesia alone did not show concomitant decreases is rCBF. This model of open craniotomy and direct @entity432 is suitable for studies of @entity2806 where the therapeutic intervention proposed (such as cerebral revascularization) involves similar surgical manipulations. By this method, a standard and reproducible @entity2806 is achieved through the surgical field without the need for exposure of the basilar artery.

title: Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials in a @entity235 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'vascular occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['hemispheric ischemia']


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied using the radiolabeled microsphere technique in a @entity235 model of @entity63 that others have previously examined morphologically with @entity505 perfusion. It was our goal to ascertain whether this ischemic model, which involves easily accessible occlusions of the ipsilateral circle of Willis, could produce reproducible and significant reduction of hemispheric cerebral blood flow. Seven animals underwent the surgical procedure with measurements of rCBF at base line, after arterial microdissection and brain retraction only, and finally after creation of the lesion. Simultaneous somatosensory evoked potential recordings were also obtained. Bilateral symmetrical flow decreases were referable to anesthetic normalization and maintenance alone before creation of the lesion. The @entity432 , however, produced further significant decreases in flow on the ipsilateral side only, sparing all contralateral structures and sparing the brain stem and cerebellum bilaterally. Evoked responses, which had shown no changes in latency or amplitude after dissection and retraction procedures, were completely abolished 15 minutes after the @entity432 . Control animals that underwent surgical positioning and anesthesia alone did not show concomitant decreases is rCBF. This model of open craniotomy and direct @entity432 is suitable for studies of @entity2806 where the therapeutic intervention proposed (such as cerebral revascularization) involves similar surgical manipulations. By this method, a standard and reproducible @entity2806 is achieved through the surgical field without the need for exposure of the basilar artery.

title: Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials in a XXXX model of @entity63 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Subclinical @entity699 (SH) is a condition of biochemical @entity701 excess without the classical signs or symptoms of overt @entity699 . It is thought to be present in the 5-30% of @entity1 with incidentally discovered @entity774 ( @entity700 ), which in turn are found in 4-7% of the adult population. Therefore, SH has been suggested to be present in 0.2-2.0% of the adult population. Some studies suggested that this condition is present in 1-10% of @entity1 with @entity6 or established @entity170 . The present manuscript reviews the literature on diagnostic procedures and the metabolic effect of the recovery from SH. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A PubMed search was used to identify the available studies. The most relevant studies from 1992 to November 2010 have been included in the review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The available data suggest that SH may be associated with chronic complications, such as @entity101 , @entity6 , overweight/ @entity28 , and @entity170 . The available intervention studies suggest that the recovery from SH may lead to the improvement of @entity101 and @entity6 . A retrospective study suggests that this beneficial effect could be predicted before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: SH is suggested to be associated with some chronic complications of overt @entity701 excess. Recovery from this condition seems to improve these complications. However, a large, prospective, randomized study is needed to confirm this hypothesis and to establish the best diagnostic approach to identify @entity1 with @entity700 who can benefit from surgery.

title: Clinical review: Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentalomas']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal mass']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['hypercortisolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome after percutaneous repair followed by accelerated rehabilitation for acute Achilles @entity397 . METHODS: 21 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 (mean age, 41 years) underwent percutaneous repair by a single senior surgeon for acute Achilles @entity397 , followed by early weight bearing and accelerated rehabilitation. Outcome measures included the Achilles tendon re- @entity397 rate, the Achilles tendon total @entity397 score (ATRS) at 3 and 6 months, the incidence of @entity128 , wound @entity281 , wound @entity6783 , @entity1 satisfaction, and the time to return to pre- @entity397 activity. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 12.5 months. The mean ATRS score improved from 57.65 at 3 months to 86.95 at 6 months (p<0.001). No @entity1 had @entity532 , tendon re- @entity397 , @entity128 , wound @entity6783 , or @entity281 . Two @entity1 developed a @entity2737 , which was resolved with oral @entity9309 . Two @entity1 had a mass at the transverse incision, but neither had any symptoms or functional restriction. All @entity1 were able to bear full weight comfortably without the walker boot at 8 weeks, and return to their work by 3 months. The mean time to return to pre- @entity397 activity, including sports, was 10.4 months. The mean satisfaction rate was 87% at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon followed by early weight bearing and accelerated rehabilitation achieves good functional outcome.

title: Percutaneous repair followed by accelerated rehabilitation for acute Achilles XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['sural nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity9309 :: ('MESH:D005436', 'Chemical') :: ['flucloxacillin']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tendon ruptures']


abstract: @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase is a flavoprotein which contains both an FAD and @entity21890 cofactor. Since the distribution of electrons is governed solely by the redox potentials of the cofactors, there are nine different ways the electrons can be distributed and hence nine possible unique forms of the protein. More than one species of reductase will exist at a given level of oxidation except when the protein is either totally reduced or oxidized. In an attempt to unambiguously characterize the redox properties of the physiologically relevant FMNH(2) form of the reductase, the @entity72565 mutant of @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase has been reconstituted with 5'-deazaFAD which binds to the FAD-binding site of the reductase with a K(d) of 94 nM. The 5'-deazaFAD cofactor does not undergo oxidation or reduction under our experimental conditions. The molar ratio of @entity21890 to 5'-deazaFAD in the reconstituted reductase was 1.1. Residual FAD accounted for less than 5% of the total @entity28094 . Addition of 2 electron equivalents to the 5'-deazaFAD @entity72565 reductase from dithionite generated a stoichiometric amount of the @entity21890 @entity8156 form of the protein. The 5'-deazaFAD moiety remained oxidized under these conditions due to its low redox potential (-650 mV). The 2-electron-reduced 5'-deazaFAD reductase was capable of transferring only a single electron from its @entity21890 domain to its redox partners, ferric @entity4674 and @entity13508 (5). Reduction of the cytochromes and oxidation of the reductase occurred simultaneously. The FMNH(2) in the 5'-deazaFAD reductase autoxidizes with a first-order rate constant of 0.007 s(-)(1). Availability of a stable @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase capable of donating only a single electron to its redox partners provides a unique tool for investigating the electron-transfer properties of an intact reductase molecule.

title: Preparation and characterization of a 5'-deazaFAD @entity72565 XXXX -cytochrome P450 reductase.

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']