abstract: @entity2294 can result in acute @entity2293 with serious hemodynamic compromise. This condition requires prompt pericardial decompression for relief of symptoms; however, the risks of general anesthesia in this setting are considerable. In a series of 12 @entity1 , all operated on under local anesthesia without operative mortality, there were six @entity1 with @entity2 ; four @entity1 , secondary to @entity0 ; one @entity1 , secondary to squamous cell @entity1697 ; and one @entity1 , secondary to an unknown primary. The clinical presentation of each was abrupt and echocardiography was definitive. The procedure is performed through an upper abdominal midline incision. The xiphoid process is excised, the diaphragm is visualized, and a pericardial window is created through which two chest tubes are placed through separate stab incisions. The tubes are removed when the drainage has subsided, usually 3-7 days. No medication or irritant is instilled. There was no recurrence following this treatment. The average survival time was 27 weeks with a range of 2-153 weeks. This operation should be part of the repertoire of the general surgeon who treats @entity0 and of the thoracic surgeon who treats @entity2 .

title: Emergency subxiphoid pericardial decompression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'malignant pericardial effusion secondary to lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['malignant pericardial effusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stem cells from the apical papilla ( @entity33887 ) of @entity1 adult teeth are considered an accessible source of cells with angiogenic properties. The aims of this study were to investigate the endothelial transdifferentiation of @entity33887 , the secretion of pro- and antiangiogenic factors from @entity33887 , and the paracrine effects of @entity33887 when exposed to environmental stress to stimulate tissue damage. @entity33887 were exposed to serum deprivation (SD), @entity413 deprivation (GD), and @entity26 deprivation/hypoxia (OD) conditions, individually or in combination. Endothelial transdifferentiation was evaluated by in vitro capillary-like formation assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and flow cytometric analyses of angiogenesis-related markers; secretome by antibody arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); and paracrine impact on @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by in vitro transwell migration and capillary-like formation assays. The short-term exposure of @entity33887 to @entity413 / @entity26 deprivation (GOD) in the presence, but mainly in deprivation, of serum (SGOD) elicited a proangiogenesis effect indicated by expression of angiogenesis-related genes involved in @entity7 ( @entity7 )/ @entity319 and angiopoietins/Tie pathways. This effect was unachievable under SD in normoxia, suggesting that the critical microenvironmental condition inducing rapid endothelial shift of @entity33887 is the combination of SGOD. Interestingly, @entity33887 showed high adaptability to these adverse conditions, retaining cell viability and acquiring a capillary-forming phenotype. @entity33887 secreted higher numbers and amounts of pro- (angiogenin, @entity2301 , @entity7 ) and lower amounts of antiangiogenic factors ( @entity2289 , @entity2843 , @entity3499 ) under SGOD compared with SOD or SD alone. Finally, secretome obtained under SGOD was most effective in inducing migration and capillary-like formation by HUVECs. These data provide new evidence on the microenvironmental factors favoring endothelial transdifferentiation of @entity33887 , uncovering the molecular mechanisms regulating their fate. They also validate the angiogenic properties of their secretome giving insights into preconditioning strategies enhancing their therapeutic potential.

title: Angiogenic Potential and Secretome of XXXX Apical Papilla Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Various Stress Microenvironments.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: CONTEXT: The thyroid has a high vascular density and this vascularity may be influenced by pregnancy-specific angiogenic factors. Proangiogenic placental growth factor ( @entity7309 ) and antiangiogenic soluble FMS-like @entity4149 kinase-1 (sFlt1; a @entity7 [ @entity7 ] and @entity7309 antagonist) are important pregnancy-specific angiogenesis regulators. We previously showed that fetal levels of sFlt1 and @entity7309 are associated with newborn thyroid function. However, the maternal thyroid may also be affected as @entity7309 and @entity7 are secreted into the maternal circulation and cause a concomitant increase of sFlt1 to overcome adverse effects of angiogenesis overstimulation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Maternal sFlt1, @entity7309 , TSH, FT4, or @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) levels were determined during early pregnancy (<18 wk) in 5517 @entity1 from the Generation R study. Analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates and interaction between @entity3566 and angiogenic factors was investigated. RESULTS: Increasing levels of sFlt1 were associated with a decrease in FT4 and T4 (both P < .001), and an increased risk of @entity1375 (odds ratio [OR] for high levels, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.16-4.83; P = .02) and @entity3491 (linear P = .02; OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.42-6.55; P = .004). Increasing levels of @entity7309 were associated with a decrease in TSH and FT4 levels (both P < .001), and an increased risk of @entity3491 (linear P = .002; OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.06; P = .04). High levels of @entity3566 decreased the difference in FT4 between low and high sFlt1. In @entity1 with high @entity7309 levels, the @entity3566 -mediated increase in FT4 levels was attenuated. CONCLUSION: sFlt1 and @entity7309 are novel determinants of maternal thyroid (dys)function during early pregnancy and the response of the maternal thyroid function to @entity3566 stimulation. These data provide novel insights into the pregnancy specific thyroid function physiology and suggest that high levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors may be a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes via their effects on maternal thyroid function.

title: Placental Angiogenic Factors Are Associated With Maternal Thyroid Function and Modify XXXX -Mediated FT4 Stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypothyroxinemia']

answer: @entity3566 :: (3342,Gene) :: ['hCG']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of our autoinitialized cascaded level set 3D segmentation system as compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and the Response Evaluation Criteria In @entity5 (RECIST) for estimation of treatment response of @entity150 in CT urography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT urograms before and after neoadjuvant chemo-therapy treatment were collected from 18 @entity1 with muscle-invasive localized or locally advanced @entity150 . The disease stage as determined on pathologic samples at cystectomy after chemotherapy was considered as reference standard of treatment response. Two radiologists measured the longest diameter and its perpendicular on the pre- and posttreatment scans. Full 3D contours for all @entity5 were manually outlined by one radiologist. The autoinitialized cascaded level set method was used to automatically extract 3D @entity5 boundary. The prediction accuracy of pT0 disease (complete response) at cystectomy was estimated by the manual, autoinitialized cascaded level set, WHO, and RECIST methods on the basis of the AUC. RESULTS: The AUC for prediction of pT0 disease at cystectomy was 0.78    0.11 for autoinitialized cascaded level set compared with 0.82    0.10 for manual segmentation. The difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.67). The AUCs using RECIST criteria were 0.62    0.16 and 0.71    0.12 for the two radiologists, both lower than those of the two 3D methods. The AUCs using WHO criteria were 0.56    0.15 and 0.60    0.13 and thus were lower than all other methods. CONCLUSION: The pre- and posttreatment 3D volume change estimates obtained by the radiologist's manual outlines and the autoinitialized cascaded level set segmentation were more accurate for irregularly shaped @entity5 than were those based on RECIST and WHO criteria.

title: Treatment Response Assessment for XXXX on CT Based on Computerized Volume Analysis, World Health Organization Criteria, and RECIST.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: The present study examined the role of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in tissue remodeling that occurs during luteal development and regression throughout pseudopregnancy in the @entity35 . Pseudopregnancy was induced in immature female @entity35 by eCG/hCG priming. Animals (n = 4 per time point) were killed on Days 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, and 16 of pseudopregnancy (post hCG administration), and ovaries were removed and analyzed for metalloproteinase inhibitor activity or @entity6930 , @entity11018 , and @entity11019 mRNA expression. Inhibitory activity was highest in Day-1 samples (41.35 +/- 6.50 inhibitory units), and inhibitor activity significantly decreased (p < 0.05) thereafter to minimal values at Day 12 (8.14 +/- 2.71 inhibitory units). @entity8776 treatment, which inactivates macroglobulin-type inhibitors, revealed that the majority of the inhibitor activity in the Day-1 samples (82.6%) and the Day-16 samples (77.3%) could be attributed to TIMPs. To further distinguish the contribution of each @entity6930 to this activity, Northern analysis for @entity69992 was performed. Analysis of @entity6930 mRNA expression revealed that @entity6930 transcript expression was highest (p = 0.00009) at Day 1, decreased approximately 3- to 20-fold from Days 2 to 12, respectively, and again increased at Days 14-16. However, @entity11018 expression did not change (p > 0.05) over any of the time points studied. In contrast to @entity6930 and @entity11018 expression, @entity11019 mRNA expression was lowest during Days 1 and 2 of pseudopregnancy, increased approximately 4-fold at Day 4, peaked at Day 8, and remained elevated throughout the remainder of pseudopregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression and activity of ovarian tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases during pseudopregnancy in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylamine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: From January 1990 to December 1993, 23 adults were hospitalized at our institution for treatment of @entity281 that occurred following @entity5806 wounds. All 23 @entity1 had @entity2688 , and 14 had signs of @entity4713 on a roentgenogram or a 99mTc bone scan. After undergoing surgical intervention that consisted of debridement, drainage of the pus, and exploration of the bones, @entity1 received intravenous @entity2177 (400 mg b.i.d.) for 24 hours, followed by an oral regimen (750 mg b.i.d.). Nine @entity1 with @entity2688 received oral therapy for 7 days, and the 14 @entity1 with @entity4713 received oral therapy for 14 days. Isolates that were recovered included @entity796 (18 @entity1 ) and @entity794 (2 @entity1 ); one @entity1 had a @entity325 , and in two cases no pathogens were recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to @entity2177 . All @entity1 were cured, and none had reinfection. Our results show that @entity281 following a @entity5806 wound may be treated with oral @entity2177 (750 mg b.i.d.) for 7-14 days, provided that surgery is performed first.

title: Oral XXXX for treatment of @entity281 following @entity5806 wounds of the foot.

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail puncture']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['foot infections', 'foot infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: From January 1990 to December 1993, 23 adults were hospitalized at our institution for treatment of @entity281 that occurred following @entity5806 wounds. All 23 @entity1 had @entity2688 , and 14 had signs of @entity4713 on a roentgenogram or a 99mTc bone scan. After undergoing surgical intervention that consisted of debridement, drainage of the pus, and exploration of the bones, @entity1 received intravenous @entity2177 (400 mg b.i.d.) for 24 hours, followed by an oral regimen (750 mg b.i.d.). Nine @entity1 with @entity2688 received oral therapy for 7 days, and the 14 @entity1 with @entity4713 received oral therapy for 14 days. Isolates that were recovered included @entity796 (18 @entity1 ) and @entity794 (2 @entity1 ); one @entity1 had a @entity325 , and in two cases no pathogens were recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to @entity2177 . All @entity1 were cured, and none had reinfection. Our results show that @entity281 following a @entity5806 wound may be treated with oral @entity2177 (750 mg b.i.d.) for 7-14 days, provided that surgery is performed first.

title: Oral @entity2177 for treatment of XXXX following @entity5806 wounds of the foot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: From January 1990 to December 1993, 23 adults were hospitalized at our institution for treatment of @entity281 that occurred following @entity5806 wounds. All 23 @entity1 had @entity2688 , and 14 had signs of @entity4713 on a roentgenogram or a 99mTc bone scan. After undergoing surgical intervention that consisted of debridement, drainage of the pus, and exploration of the bones, @entity1 received intravenous @entity2177 (400 mg b.i.d.) for 24 hours, followed by an oral regimen (750 mg b.i.d.). Nine @entity1 with @entity2688 received oral therapy for 7 days, and the 14 @entity1 with @entity4713 received oral therapy for 14 days. Isolates that were recovered included @entity796 (18 @entity1 ) and @entity794 (2 @entity1 ); one @entity1 had a @entity325 , and in two cases no pathogens were recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to @entity2177 . All @entity1 were cured, and none had reinfection. Our results show that @entity281 following a @entity5806 wound may be treated with oral @entity2177 (750 mg b.i.d.) for 7-14 days, provided that surgery is performed first.

title: Oral @entity2177 for treatment of @entity281 following XXXX wounds of the foot.

answer: @entity5806 :: (MESH:D009260,Disease) :: ['nail puncture']


abstract: To investigate the interaction of PRL and @entity1420 in regulating uterine gene expression, we have quantitated the concentration of PRL receptor and of uteroglobin (UG) mRNA in the endometrium of @entity95 of different ages and after treatment with different hormones. During uterine differentiation in 2- to 4-week old @entity95 , a marked increase in unoccupied uterine PRL receptor number was observed, presumably increasing uterine sensitivity to PRL. Receptor values for 4-week old @entity95 were comparable to values for sexually mature, estrous females, but were lower than in 5-day pseudopregnant (PSP) animals. When total PRL receptor was determined by Scatchard analysis after in vitro desaturation with @entity8723 , PSP animals again expressed the highest receptor concentration with no changes in the dissociation constant (Kd) values. To determine whether @entity1420 regulates uterine PRL receptor, long term ovariectomized @entity95 (greater than 12 weeks) were treated with various combinations of hormones, and unoccupied and total uterine PRL receptors were determined. @entity1420 treatment resulted in the highest concentration of both unoccupied and total PRL receptor after desaturation and removal of anti-ovine PRL antibodies with @entity8723 . The value for total uterine PRL receptor was equivalent to the value for mammary gland, and the Kd values (2-4 x 10(-10) M) were similar. Treatment of long term ovariectomized @entity95 with @entity1420 , with or without @entity53 , produced an increase (P less than 0.05) in the UG mRNA content, which also occurred in PSP animals. PRL alone had no effect on UG mRNA but PRL plus @entity1420 increased (P less than 0.05) UG mRNA in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Servomechanism of prolactin and XXXX in regulating uterine gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity26 and @entity413 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity63 conditions. The involvement of different @entity2227 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity143 ( @entity3390 ) and @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors (CNQX and @entity18713 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity2667 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity528 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity3390 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity18713 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity63 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity2227 receptor subtypes dominated @entity137 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity3390 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity1399 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity1400 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity1399 than in @entity1400 . Blockade of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors by @entity18713 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from @entity528 induced by combined @entity26 and @entity413 deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by XXXX receptor antagonists.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['dizocilpine', 'Dizocilpine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity26 and @entity413 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity63 conditions. The involvement of different @entity2227 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity143 ( @entity3390 ) and @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors (CNQX and @entity18713 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity2667 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity528 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity3390 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity18713 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity63 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity2227 receptor subtypes dominated @entity137 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity3390 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity1399 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity1400 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity1399 than in @entity1400 . Blockade of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors by @entity18713 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from @entity528 induced by combined XXXX and @entity413 deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by @entity2227 receptor antagonists.

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity26 and @entity413 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity63 conditions. The involvement of different @entity2227 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity143 ( @entity3390 ) and @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors (CNQX and @entity18713 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity2667 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity528 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity3390 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity18713 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity63 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity2227 receptor subtypes dominated @entity137 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity3390 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity1399 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity1400 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity1399 than in @entity1400 . Blockade of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors by @entity18713 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from XXXX induced by combined @entity26 and @entity413 deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by @entity2227 receptor antagonists.

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal damage']


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity26 and @entity413 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity63 conditions. The involvement of different @entity2227 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity143 ( @entity3390 ) and @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors (CNQX and @entity18713 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity2667 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity528 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity3390 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity18713 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity1399 , @entity1400 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity63 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity2227 receptor subtypes dominated @entity137 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity3390 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity1399 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity1400 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity1399 than in @entity1400 . Blockade of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors by @entity18713 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from @entity528 induced by combined @entity26 and XXXX deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by @entity2227 receptor antagonists.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: In vivo administration of @entity44767 once daily decreased the levels of liver microsomal cyt. P-450 to the extent of 32 and 76% at the end of 24 and 96 hrs respectively. However, cyt. b5 and @entity1110 -cyt. c reductase activities remained unchanged. In vitro incubation (15 min) of liver microsomes from @entity66642 (PB)-treated @entity35 with @entity44767 (10 mM), aerobically or anaerobically resulted in the loss (approximately 60%) of cyt. P-450 in the presence or absence of @entity1110 . Destruction of cyt. P-450 was more in PB-treated microsomes as compared to @entity5954 (MC)-treated and control microsomes. The loss of cyt. P-450 was accompanied by a concomitant loss of microsomal @entity1446 . In contrast, @entity44765 or @entity23919 upon incubation with PB-induced microsomes resulted in the conversion (25-40%) of cyt. P-450 to cyt. P-420 without any loss of microsomal @entity1446 . The destructive process is irreversible, time dependent, linear upto a substrate concentration of 10 mM and follows first order kinetics.

title: In vivo and in vitro destruction of @entity35 liver cytochrome P-450 by a monoterpene ketone, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

entities_list: @entity66642 :: ('CHEBI:8069', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitol']

answer: @entity44767 :: (MESH:C039648,Chemical) :: ['pulegone']


abstract: In vivo administration of @entity44767 once daily decreased the levels of liver microsomal cyt. P-450 to the extent of 32 and 76% at the end of 24 and 96 hrs respectively. However, cyt. b5 and @entity1110 -cyt. c reductase activities remained unchanged. In vitro incubation (15 min) of liver microsomes from @entity66642 (PB)-treated @entity35 with @entity44767 (10 mM), aerobically or anaerobically resulted in the loss (approximately 60%) of cyt. P-450 in the presence or absence of @entity1110 . Destruction of cyt. P-450 was more in PB-treated microsomes as compared to @entity5954 (MC)-treated and control microsomes. The loss of cyt. P-450 was accompanied by a concomitant loss of microsomal @entity1446 . In contrast, @entity44765 or @entity23919 upon incubation with PB-induced microsomes resulted in the conversion (25-40%) of cyt. P-450 to cyt. P-420 without any loss of microsomal @entity1446 . The destructive process is irreversible, time dependent, linear upto a substrate concentration of 10 mM and follows first order kinetics.

title: In vivo and in vitro destruction of XXXX liver cytochrome P-450 by a monoterpene ketone, @entity44767 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Cultured ovine oligodendrocytes (OLGs) express a number of voltage-dependent @entity972 currents after they attach to a substratum and as they begin to develop processes. At 24-48 hours following plating, an outward @entity972 current can be identified that represents a composite response of a rapidly inactivating component and a steady-state or noninactivating component. After 4-7 days in culture, OLGs also develop an inward rectifier current. We studied the effects of @entity1928 and @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) on OLG outward currents. These compounds are known to alter the myelinogenic metabolism of OLGs. @entity4515 , an activator of @entity27625 ( @entity27625 ), has been shown to enhance @entity2610 phosphorylation while @entity1928 acting on adenylate cyclase, and thereby increasing @entity268 , inhibits it. Both @entity1928 and @entity4515 increase the phosphorylation of 2'3'-cyclic @entity377 phosphodiesterase, an OLG/myelin protein. We found that @entity1928 decreased the steady-state outward current at 120 mV by 10% at 100 nM, and by 72% at 25 microM from a holding potential of -80 mV. The time course of inactivation of the peak currents was decreased, affecting both the fast and slow time constants. There was no significant change in the steady-state parameters of current activation and inactivation. The effect of @entity1928 was attenuated when the adenylate cyclase inhibitor @entity859 (2 mM) was present in the intracellular/pipette filling solution. The results of @entity4515 experiments were similar to those obtained with @entity1928 . Whereas the amplitude of the currents in the presence of @entity4515 was reduced by 28% at 1.5 nM and 60% and 600 nM, the decay phase of the peak currents was less affected. The @entity4515 effect could still be seen when the intracellular @entity141 was reduced to less than or equal to 10 nM with 5 mM @entity18650 , but was inhibited when the cells were pre-exposed to 50 microM @entity15227 , a @entity27625 inhibitor. It is postulated that the @entity972 currents in OLG can be physiologically modulated by two distinct second-messenger systems, perhaps converging at the level of a common phosphorylated enzyme or regulatory protein.

title: XXXX and phorbol esters decrease the same K+ conductance in cultured oligodendrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity15227 :: ('MESH:D011609', 'Chemical') :: ['psychosine']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1928 :: (MESH:D005576,Chemical) :: ['Forskolin']


abstract: @entity1700 can be diagnosed by cross sectional echocardiography. Information is, however, lacking concerning the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging method and any factors which may influence it. To predict the pulmonary venous connection 463 @entity1 with @entity299 who had angiographic confirmation were prospectively examined. @entity1700 was present in 34 (7%) @entity1 and correctly detected in 33 (97% sensitivity). There were two false positive results (99% specificity). All 23 @entity1 with @entity2735 with or without associated @entity4297 were correctly detected. One false negative result occurred in a @entity1 with right @entity299 with @entity551 . Diagnosis of the type of @entity1700 , including the site and other anatomical details, was analysed and was correct in 24 of 34 (71%) @entity1 . Errors included incorrect prediction of the site of @entity1700 in five @entity1 with right @entity4032 , @entity473 , and @entity1146 , details of confluence interconnection in three of four @entity1 with the mixed type of connection, undiagnosed @entity3885 in three of the @entity1 with right @entity4032 , and failure to predict common @entity1146 in one @entity1 . Factors which were related to incorrect echocardiographic diagnosis were abnormal atrial situs, mixed @entity1700 , and associated @entity299 , whereas age, weight, sex, clinical condition, and time during the study were not related. It is concluded that cross sectional echocardiography can be used to diagnose accurately @entity1700 . This method can be the definitive imaging and diagnostic method in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1700 who have @entity2735 , unifocal pulmonary venous connection, and no evidence of other major @entity299 .

title: Cross sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal defect']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['atrial situs solitus']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac defects', 'congenital cardiac defect', 'atrial isomerism and complex congenital heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'pulmonary vein atresia']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['atrial isomerism']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pulmonary blood flow']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of albumin determination in ejaculates by means of an easy office test to screen semen samples for subclinical @entity32 . @entity1 : One hundred fifty-nine randomly chosen males of couples with longstanding @entity249 (median duration of @entity249 4 years (range 1 to 19 years) without clinical signs or symptoms of @entity5860 . SETTING: Outpatient Infertility Clinic of the University of Heidelberg, Germany. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screening of ejaculates for subclinical @entity32 by means of a ready-to-use kit for semiquantitative detection of albumin in addition to determination of leukocytes rates by means of monoclonal antibodies for differentiation of round cells and measurement of granulocyte elastase concentration in semen samples. Evaluation of sperm quality by means of standard sperm analysis including determination of local antisperm antibodies with the mixed antiglobulin reaction, evaluation of sperm functional capacity in vitro with the standardized sperm-cervical mucus (CM) penetration test, and semen cultures. All tests were performed from aliquots of the same ejaculates. RESULTS: Screening of semen samples for elevated albumin with the modified paper strips proved to be very easy, quick, and suitable for routine use. Positive results were not related markedly to medical history and outcome of clinical examination as well as to standard parameters of sperm analysis and were not influenced by local antisperm antibodies of the immunoglobulin (Ig)G and/or IgA class and microbial colonization. However, albumin-positive semen samples were significantly less frequent in case of very good outcome of the sperm-CM penetration test. A significant relationship was found with high rates of leukocytes of the round cells in semen samples (total range 0% to 96%) and the concentration of granulocyte elastase (total range 1 to 880 micrograms/L). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this prospective study suggest that the determination of albumin in semen samples with ready-to-use test kits might be a valuable additional marker for subclinical @entity32 of the male genital tract and therefore suitable for screening during @entity249 investigation.

title: Screening for subclinical XXXX in ejaculates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection-inflammation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['genital tract infection']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are limited data at a population level on adjuvant brachytherapy (BT) practice for uterine @entity5 . The aims of the current study were to describe BT practice for this disease in New South Wales (NSW), to assess quality of BT, and to determine if a caseload effect on quality exists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment related data were collected from all nine NSW radiation oncology departments that treated @entity1 with BT. Included @entity1 had @entity5 of the uterine corpus with treatment including BT. Brachytherapy quality was assessed using published quality benchmarks. Higher gynaecological BT caseload departments were compared with lower caseload departments. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-three NSW residents with gynaecological @entity5 were treated with BT. The four higher gynaecological BT caseload departments treated a median of 25.5 NSW residents (range 22-38), compared to median 10 (range 3-18) in the five lower caseload departments. Seventy-five @entity1 underwent BT for uterine @entity5 . Most @entity1 had early stage endometrioid disease and were treated adjuvantly with intravaginal cylinders using high-dose-rate BT. Doses were in accordance with guideline recommendations in 83% of cases, and BT was appropriately indicated in 76% of cases. Higher caseload departments were more likely to treat with guideline doses (96% vs. 53%, p < 0.001) but there was no difference in compliance rate with treatment indications (p = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Brachytherapy @entity1 , techniques, and numbers/unit for uterine @entity5 were similar in NSW compared to the USA but more dispersed than in Western Europe. Doses prescribed may not be optimal in lower gynaecological BT caseload departments - the significance of this represents an area in which more research is needed.

title: Patterns of care study of brachytherapy in New South Wales: XXXX of the uterine corpus.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'corpus malignancies', 'malignancy', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot problems are common in @entity1 with @entity210 yet the prevalence of current foot problems in @entity1 with @entity210 and the burden they present to healthcare systems is not known. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associations of @entity4553 , @entity158 and disability in @entity1 with @entity210 , and to assess the  frequency with which foot problems lead to consultation with healthcare professionals. METHODS: Adults registered with 20 general practices who had consulted their GP about @entity210 or been prescribed @entity208 or @entity3812 in the preceding two years were mailed a questionnaire. Prevalence of @entity4553 , @entity158 in the last month, and disabling @entity158 in the mailed population were ascertained using validated instruments and estimated by inverse-weighted logistic regression. Associations with socio-demographic, comorbid and @entity210 -specific factors were examined using logistic regression. @entity1 were asked if they had seen health care professionals for foot problems within the preceding 12  months. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred eighty-four questionnaires were received (response 66  %). Prevalence of @entity4553 was 36.3  %, @entity158 in the last month 22.3  % and disabling @entity158 14.5  %. @entity4553 associated with age (adjusted OR 1.47 per 10-year increase, 95 % CI 1.26, 1.72) and female gender (2.03; 1.31, 3.15). Foot @entity158 in the last month associated with age (1.24; 1.00, 1.55), @entity28 (BMI 30.0-34.9 2.67; 1.32, 5.38; BMI   >=    35.0 3.16; 1.44, 6.93), mild @entity308 (2.04; 1.09, 3.81) and polyarticular @entity210 attacks (1.86; 1.18, 2.95). Disabling @entity158 associated with age (1.42; 1.08, 1.87), @entity28 (BMI 30.0-34.9 3.73; 1.54, 9.09; BMI   >=    35.0 4.36; 1.64, 11.64), @entity308 (mild 2.63; 1.25, 5.53; moderate 3.53; 1.11, 11.26) and @entity299 (2.45; 1.32, 4.53). In the previous 12  months, 495 (42.8  %) reported consulting their GP about their feet and 281 (23.7  %) a podiatrist/chiropodist. CONCLUSIONS: Foot problems are common in @entity1 with @entity210 and frequently lead to healthcare consultation. @entity4553 has similar associations to those seen in the general population, whereas @entity158 associates with @entity28 and @entity210 characteristics, and disabling @entity158 with @entity28 and comorbidity. @entity1 assessment should consider foot problems and offer specific treatment where relevant.

title: Foot problems in @entity1 with XXXX in primary care: baseline findings from a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus', 'Hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['foot pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot problems are common in @entity1 with @entity210 yet the prevalence of current foot problems in @entity1 with @entity210 and the burden they present to healthcare systems is not known. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associations of @entity4553 , @entity158 and disability in @entity1 with @entity210 , and to assess the  frequency with which foot problems lead to consultation with healthcare professionals. METHODS: Adults registered with 20 general practices who had consulted their GP about @entity210 or been prescribed @entity208 or @entity3812 in the preceding two years were mailed a questionnaire. Prevalence of @entity4553 , @entity158 in the last month, and disabling @entity158 in the mailed population were ascertained using validated instruments and estimated by inverse-weighted logistic regression. Associations with socio-demographic, comorbid and @entity210 -specific factors were examined using logistic regression. @entity1 were asked if they had seen health care professionals for foot problems within the preceding 12  months. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred eighty-four questionnaires were received (response 66  %). Prevalence of @entity4553 was 36.3  %, @entity158 in the last month 22.3  % and disabling @entity158 14.5  %. @entity4553 associated with age (adjusted OR 1.47 per 10-year increase, 95 % CI 1.26, 1.72) and female gender (2.03; 1.31, 3.15). Foot @entity158 in the last month associated with age (1.24; 1.00, 1.55), @entity28 (BMI 30.0-34.9 2.67; 1.32, 5.38; BMI   >=    35.0 3.16; 1.44, 6.93), mild @entity308 (2.04; 1.09, 3.81) and polyarticular @entity210 attacks (1.86; 1.18, 2.95). Disabling @entity158 associated with age (1.42; 1.08, 1.87), @entity28 (BMI 30.0-34.9 3.73; 1.54, 9.09; BMI   >=    35.0 4.36; 1.64, 11.64), @entity308 (mild 2.63; 1.25, 5.53; moderate 3.53; 1.11, 11.26) and @entity299 (2.45; 1.32, 4.53). In the previous 12  months, 495 (42.8  %) reported consulting their GP about their feet and 281 (23.7  %) a podiatrist/chiropodist. CONCLUSIONS: Foot problems are common in @entity1 with @entity210 and frequently lead to healthcare consultation. @entity4553 has similar associations to those seen in the general population, whereas @entity158 associates with @entity28 and @entity210 characteristics, and disabling @entity158 with @entity28 and comorbidity. @entity1 assessment should consider foot problems and offer specific treatment where relevant.

title: Foot problems in XXXX with @entity210 in primary care: baseline findings from a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Our purpose is to understand why mdx muscle does not show the progressive degeneration observed in @entity1 @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) muscle. In the @entity19 , the regenerative process compensates for the @entity39 of the muscle fibers, particularly during the acute phase of the disease (5-9 weeks). In @entity1555 muscle, there is a gradual failure of the regenerative process and the muscle fibers are replaced by connective and fatty tissue. We propose that distinct properties of mdx and @entity1555 muscle fibroblasts could be one of the reasons for the differences between the mdx and @entity1555 phenotypes. We found that fibroblasts taken from @entity1 @entity1555 and control muscle had similar in vitro proliferative capacities. The proliferation rate of @entity19 muscle fibroblasts decreased during the acute phase of the disease, and inhibition was complete in fibroblasts from 8-week-old mdx @entity19 . Moreover, the medium conditioned by these cells inhibited fibroblast proliferation. The effect was specific for fibroblasts, since this conditioned medium stimulated myoblast proliferation, as did control fibroblast-conditioned medium. These results suggest that 8-week-old mdx @entity19 muscle fibroblasts produce an inhibitor of their own proliferation and a growth factor specific for myoblasts in vitro. If these factors are secreted in vivo, the growth inhibitory factory may stop fibroblast proliferation whereas the mitogenic activity could stimulate satellite cell proliferation, thus favouring muscle regeneration.

title: Inhibition of proliferation in 8-week-old mdx XXXX muscle fibroblasts in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity7783 ( @entity7228 ) is used as a fuel for missiles and standby power systems of operational military aircraft. Maintenance of missiles and aircraft may result in accidental @entity1 exposure to high concentrations for brief periods of time. The purposes of this study were to assess the oncogenic potential of @entity7228 in @entity35 and male hamsters exposed to a high concentration of @entity7228 for repeated short exposures and to investigate the relationships of acute and subchronic effects of @entity7228 to nasal tumorigenesis. In phase 1 (acute and subchronic) and Phase 2 (lifetime experiments, groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity35 and male @entity329 were exposed by inhalation to 0, 75 (Phase 2 only), or 750 ppm @entity7228 for 1 (acute) or 10 (subchronic) 1-hr weekly exposures. Rodents were euthanized 24 hr after exposures 1 and 10 and 24 to 30 months poststudy initiation. Significant reductions in body weight were observed in @entity7228 -treated rodents compared to controls during the exposure interval. No @entity7783 -induced mortality was detected. Histopathologic examination after the acute and subchronic exposures revealed @entity39 of transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia in the anterior nose and, in @entity35 exposed subchronically, squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium. Minimal to mild @entity2490 resulted from @entity7228 exposures. Apoptosis was observed in olfactory and squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium. Lesions occurred at sites reportedly having high air-flow and generally appeared to be more severe in the anterior portion of the nose. By 24 months, the squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium reverted back to normal-appearing transitional epithelium. By 24+ months, low incidences (sexes combined) of @entity1373 (5/194, 2.6%) and @entity5 (11/194, 5.7%) were detected, principally in the transitional epithelium of the 750 ppm @entity7228 -treated @entity35 . A similar incidence of @entity1373 (2/94, 2%) and @entity5 (5/94, 5.3%) was detected in the high-exposure group of hamsters. The location and type of @entity7228 -induced @entity75 were similar to those reported in a chronic @entity7228 -exposure study (5.0 ppm x 6 hr/day x 5 days/week for 1 year) conducted in our laboratory, but the chronic study had much higher incidences ( @entity35 , sexes combined: @entity1373 15.5% vs 2.6% and polypoid @entity652 44.6% vs 5.2%). The product (CD) of concentration + time was the same (750 ppm hours) for the high-dose groups for both studies, but the duration of exposure was 150 x longer and the concentration was 150 x lower in the chronic study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Oncogenic potential of inhaled XXXX in the nose of @entity35 and hamsters after 1 or 10 1-hr exposures.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7783 :: ('MESH:C029424', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrazine', 'hydrazine']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian golden hamsters']

answer: @entity7783 :: (MESH:C029424,Chemical) :: ['hydrazine']


abstract: @entity7783 ( @entity7228 ) is used as a fuel for missiles and standby power systems of operational military aircraft. Maintenance of missiles and aircraft may result in accidental @entity1 exposure to high concentrations for brief periods of time. The purposes of this study were to assess the oncogenic potential of @entity7228 in @entity35 and male hamsters exposed to a high concentration of @entity7228 for repeated short exposures and to investigate the relationships of acute and subchronic effects of @entity7228 to nasal tumorigenesis. In phase 1 (acute and subchronic) and Phase 2 (lifetime experiments, groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity35 and male @entity329 were exposed by inhalation to 0, 75 (Phase 2 only), or 750 ppm @entity7228 for 1 (acute) or 10 (subchronic) 1-hr weekly exposures. Rodents were euthanized 24 hr after exposures 1 and 10 and 24 to 30 months poststudy initiation. Significant reductions in body weight were observed in @entity7228 -treated rodents compared to controls during the exposure interval. No @entity7783 -induced mortality was detected. Histopathologic examination after the acute and subchronic exposures revealed @entity39 of transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia in the anterior nose and, in @entity35 exposed subchronically, squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium. Minimal to mild @entity2490 resulted from @entity7228 exposures. Apoptosis was observed in olfactory and squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium. Lesions occurred at sites reportedly having high air-flow and generally appeared to be more severe in the anterior portion of the nose. By 24 months, the squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium reverted back to normal-appearing transitional epithelium. By 24+ months, low incidences (sexes combined) of @entity1373 (5/194, 2.6%) and @entity5 (11/194, 5.7%) were detected, principally in the transitional epithelium of the 750 ppm @entity7228 -treated @entity35 . A similar incidence of @entity1373 (2/94, 2%) and @entity5 (5/94, 5.3%) was detected in the high-exposure group of hamsters. The location and type of @entity7228 -induced @entity75 were similar to those reported in a chronic @entity7228 -exposure study (5.0 ppm x 6 hr/day x 5 days/week for 1 year) conducted in our laboratory, but the chronic study had much higher incidences ( @entity35 , sexes combined: @entity1373 15.5% vs 2.6% and polypoid @entity652 44.6% vs 5.2%). The product (CD) of concentration + time was the same (750 ppm hours) for the high-dose groups for both studies, but the duration of exposure was 150 x longer and the concentration was 150 x lower in the chronic study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Oncogenic potential of inhaled @entity7783 in the nose of XXXX and hamsters after 1 or 10 1-hr exposures.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Integrins form a major family of heterodimeric cell surface receptors. Individual family members each comprise noncovalently linked, dissimilar, a- and b-subunits. Each subunit is the product of a different gene (1), and a-subunits appear to have evolved separately from b-subunits (2). Seventeen a-, and eight b-subunits are currently described. It is the combination of a- and b-subunits that gives rise to the individual family members. From this follows ligand-binding specificity, which may be relative (fibronectin has at least seven different binding sites), or absolute, (e.g., aEb7 to @entity5962 [3]). High-affinity ligand recognition usually requires both subunits (4). The redundancy in this system, with many integrins binding the same ligand, suggests an important role in cellular communication in addition to heterotypic cell-cell (e.g., the b2 integrins and a4b1) or cell-extracellular matrix (most integrins) adhesion. In addition, some integrins bind microorganisms and certain plasma proteins. Moreover, integrins are involved in fundamental cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and motility. There is over whelming evidence for their fundamental role in the control of @entity5 differentia tion, proliferation, invasion and @entity3 .To better understand the biological significance of differential integrin expression in @entity5 it is first helpful to review the structure of integrin molecules, their diversity, and functional specialization. We will then discuss both the scientific methods commonly used and the experimental evidence that they have so far provided toward the understanding of the molecular control of @entity5 cell behavior.

title: Understanding XXXX through integrin expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Health professionals, particularly clinicians and nurses in the community have an important role in preventing to start smoking. In our study; we aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, @entity1239 @entity734 level and the effects of low price @entity286 sale among healthcare personal in a military hospital. A questionnaire was applied to healthcare personal, which evaluates their smoking habits, @entity1239 @entity734 level with Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 (FTND) and the effects of low cost cigarette sale on smoking habits. Seventy male and 46 female among 138 healthcare personals (84%) responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of @entity1 was 33.7    5.6. Among all @entity1 , 53.4% were smoking. There was no significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of smoking prevalence (p> 0.05). Seven @entity1 who started smoking regularly after they appointed to Turkish @entity1392 explained why they started smoking as secondary to lower cigarette prices in this country. 48.3% of @entity1 (40% of male smokers and 59.3% of female smokers) reported increased cigarette consumption as a result of low cost cigarette sales. There was a significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of increase in cigarette consumption (< 0.05). According to results of FTND, about 70% of @entity1 were low and very low-dependant, and about 22% were high and very high- dependant smokers. Smoking prevalence of healthcare personal who participated in our study was higher than that reported for community and for other healthcare personal.

title: [Smoking prevalence, XXXX @entity734 and effects of low cost cigarette sale among military healthcare personal in Turkish @entity1392 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1392 :: ('MESH:C537952', 'Disease') :: ['Republic of Northern Cyprus']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: Health professionals, particularly clinicians and nurses in the community have an important role in preventing to start smoking. In our study; we aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, @entity1239 @entity734 level and the effects of low price @entity286 sale among healthcare personal in a military hospital. A questionnaire was applied to healthcare personal, which evaluates their smoking habits, @entity1239 @entity734 level with Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 (FTND) and the effects of low cost cigarette sale on smoking habits. Seventy male and 46 female among 138 healthcare personals (84%) responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of @entity1 was 33.7    5.6. Among all @entity1 , 53.4% were smoking. There was no significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of smoking prevalence (p> 0.05). Seven @entity1 who started smoking regularly after they appointed to Turkish @entity1392 explained why they started smoking as secondary to lower cigarette prices in this country. 48.3% of @entity1 (40% of male smokers and 59.3% of female smokers) reported increased cigarette consumption as a result of low cost cigarette sales. There was a significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of increase in cigarette consumption (< 0.05). According to results of FTND, about 70% of @entity1 were low and very low-dependant, and about 22% were high and very high- dependant smokers. Smoking prevalence of healthcare personal who participated in our study was higher than that reported for community and for other healthcare personal.

title: [Smoking prevalence, @entity1239 XXXX and effects of low cost cigarette sale among military healthcare personal in Turkish @entity1392 ].

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: Health professionals, particularly clinicians and nurses in the community have an important role in preventing to start smoking. In our study; we aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, @entity1239 @entity734 level and the effects of low price @entity286 sale among healthcare personal in a military hospital. A questionnaire was applied to healthcare personal, which evaluates their smoking habits, @entity1239 @entity734 level with Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 (FTND) and the effects of low cost cigarette sale on smoking habits. Seventy male and 46 female among 138 healthcare personals (84%) responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of @entity1 was 33.7    5.6. Among all @entity1 , 53.4% were smoking. There was no significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of smoking prevalence (p> 0.05). Seven @entity1 who started smoking regularly after they appointed to Turkish @entity1392 explained why they started smoking as secondary to lower cigarette prices in this country. 48.3% of @entity1 (40% of male smokers and 59.3% of female smokers) reported increased cigarette consumption as a result of low cost cigarette sales. There was a significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of increase in cigarette consumption (< 0.05). According to results of FTND, about 70% of @entity1 were low and very low-dependant, and about 22% were high and very high- dependant smokers. Smoking prevalence of healthcare personal who participated in our study was higher than that reported for community and for other healthcare personal.

title: [Smoking prevalence, @entity1239 @entity734 and effects of low cost cigarette sale among military healthcare personal in Turkish XXXX ].

answer: @entity1392 :: (MESH:C537952,Disease) :: ['Republic of Northern Cyprus']


abstract: The @entity5357 are a heterogeneous group of @entity74 caused by mutations in and around the structural gene of the beta-chain of the adult haemoglobin (HbA). Studies at the gene level have identified a large number of @entity5357 gene variations in different populations. These findings have implications for the use of molecular diagnosis for genetic counselling and prenatal detection of the @entity5357 . In our unit, we initiated studies to investigate the molecular @entity154 in Saudi Arabia using amplification-refractory mutation systems, dot blot analysis and restriction endonuclease analysis, and identified mutations producing beta(+)- and beta zero-thalassaemias. Twenty of the mutations encountered in the Asian, Mediterranean, Chinese and other Arab populations were investigated. The most commonly encountered mutations in Saudi @entity5357 @entity1 were IVS-I-110, IVS-II-1, @entity13796 , IVS-I-5 and IVS-I 3' end (-25), while frameshifts at @entity73265 ( @entity6407 ) and @entity7279 mutations were identified at a low frequency. These mutations account for 84.94% of the total @entity5357 mutations. The remaining 15% remain unknown. This is the first report on the type and nature of mutations in Saudi @entity5357 @entity1 . It presents frequencies of twenty mutations and emphasises the need for further detailed investigations to clarify the whole spectrum of @entity5357 mutations in the Saudi population.

title: Molecular XXXX in the population of Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['defects in beta-thalassaemias']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassaemia', 'beta-thalassaemias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorders']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['defects in beta-thalassaemias']


abstract: This article is based on an investigation of the management of 1976 @entity1 with @entity66 . Three hundred twenty-five @entity1 with @entity1230 and 981 @entity1 with @entity130 were studied. The surgical treatment of severe @entity66 is based on 3 main concepts. The first concept is the substantiated widening of the score of indications for surgical treatment of @entity130 . Surgical treatment is done in 68.9% of @entity1 with @entity66 . Indications for surgical intervention (according to their significance) can be categorized as emergency, urgent, postponed, and planned operations; these were 59%, 17.2%, 23.5%, and 11.3%, respectively, of total surgical procedures. The second concept is assessment of the clinical state of injured @entity1 by means of the BIIX-CI scale, which was developed to define a reasonable time for doing a surgical procedure and to define vital function stability. The 3 levels of clinical state are graded as compensated (range, 16-30 points), subcompensated (range, 31-40 points), and decompensated (> 40 points). The third concept is the reasonable succession in surgical procedures. It is advantageous to do similar operations simultaneously at compensated and subcompensated states. Dissimilar surgical interventions should be done in succession during the course of a single anesthesia or at different times according to the grading of emergency (urgent, postponed, and planned).

title: General concepts of surgical treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['single injury', 'injuries']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['multisystem injuries']


abstract: The reversibility of the effect of @entity6319 on testicular histology and fertility was studied in @entity35 . Adult males of proven fertility were treated orally with @entity17134 (15 mg/kg) for 9 or 16 weeks (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Another groups of animals (group 3) was given @entity6319 (15 mg/kg) for 16 weeks and killed 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Control animals (group 4) were given the vehicle only by oral intubation. In the mating studies, although only 33% of the animals in group 1 were @entity249 was observed following 16 weeks of @entity6319 treatment (group 2). All animals in group 3 regained their fertility 6 weeks after cessation of drug treatment. Damage was observed to 15.7% of the seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of drug treatment, and to 78% after 16 weeks of treatment. Extensive vacuolization, increased numbers of lipid droplets, degeneration of germ cells, loosening of the epithelium, and a significant decrease in the number of pachytene spermatocytes (stages VII-X) and spermatids (steps 7-10 at stages VII-X) were observed after @entity6319 treatment. There was a decrease in the diameter of only stage VIII seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of treatment, whereas a reduction was observed in the tubules of all stages after 16 weeks of @entity6319 treatment. In the recovery phase, the diameter of seminiferous tubules was similar to that of controls, except for tubules at stage VIII. No change in the area of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and lipid bodies was observed after 9 weeks of drug treatment, but a marked reduction in the area of the lumen (stages II-X) and an increase in lipid bodies (all stages) was observed after 16 weeks of @entity6319 treatment. Six weeks after cessation of treatment, the area of the lumen and the number of lipid bodies were comparable to values in controls. A reduction in the area of the epithelium was restricted to just a few stages (VIII-XIV) in treated animals at 9 weeks, whereas after 16 weeks the area of the epithelium was decreased in all tubules. In the recovery phase, except for tubules at stage VIII, the area of the seminiferous epithelium was comparable to that in controls.

title: The effect of XXXX on the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol']

entities_list: @entity17134 :: ('MESH:C028178', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile, 100% infertility']

answer: @entity17134 :: (MESH:C028178,Chemical) :: ['gossypol acetic acid']


abstract: The reversibility of the effect of @entity6319 on testicular histology and fertility was studied in @entity35 . Adult males of proven fertility were treated orally with @entity17134 (15 mg/kg) for 9 or 16 weeks (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Another groups of animals (group 3) was given @entity6319 (15 mg/kg) for 16 weeks and killed 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Control animals (group 4) were given the vehicle only by oral intubation. In the mating studies, although only 33% of the animals in group 1 were @entity249 was observed following 16 weeks of @entity6319 treatment (group 2). All animals in group 3 regained their fertility 6 weeks after cessation of drug treatment. Damage was observed to 15.7% of the seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of drug treatment, and to 78% after 16 weeks of treatment. Extensive vacuolization, increased numbers of lipid droplets, degeneration of germ cells, loosening of the epithelium, and a significant decrease in the number of pachytene spermatocytes (stages VII-X) and spermatids (steps 7-10 at stages VII-X) were observed after @entity6319 treatment. There was a decrease in the diameter of only stage VIII seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of treatment, whereas a reduction was observed in the tubules of all stages after 16 weeks of @entity6319 treatment. In the recovery phase, the diameter of seminiferous tubules was similar to that of controls, except for tubules at stage VIII. No change in the area of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and lipid bodies was observed after 9 weeks of drug treatment, but a marked reduction in the area of the lumen (stages II-X) and an increase in lipid bodies (all stages) was observed after 16 weeks of @entity6319 treatment. Six weeks after cessation of treatment, the area of the lumen and the number of lipid bodies were comparable to values in controls. A reduction in the area of the epithelium was restricted to just a few stages (VIII-XIV) in treated animals at 9 weeks, whereas after 16 weeks the area of the epithelium was decreased in all tubules. In the recovery phase, except for tubules at stage VIII, the area of the seminiferous epithelium was comparable to that in controls.

title: The effect of @entity17134 on the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: An outbreak of @entity1682 followed a large outbreak of dysentery in northern Israel. Both outbreaks resulted from contamination of a drilled well that supplied water to the municipal water system. The well was contaminated with sewage from a broken main-pipe coming from Shefaram (an Arab town). The outbreak of typhoid involved 77 @entity1 , of whom 75 were hospitalized. In 67, phage-type C1 (the phage type dominant in Shefaram since the 1950s) was isolated. The incubation period was relatively long, between 12 and 40 days (median 22) following exposure. Over 50% of the cases were @entity1 aged 0 to 14, and only two @entity1 were older than 35 years; the sex ratio among the @entity1 was 1:1. The incidence rate in Shefaram was 2.3 times higher than in the Krayot (outlying suburbs of Haifa). This difference was due mainly to the high incidence in young females in Shefaram. The opposite was observed during the outbreak of dysentery, when the attack rates of the disease were higher in the Krayot. Relapses occurred in 12% (9 cases). This outbreak demonstrates the potential that still exists for serious outbreaks due to contamination of the municipal water supply.

title: An outbreak of XXXX due to contamination of the municipal water supply in northern Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever']

answer: @entity1682 :: (MESH:D014435,Disease) :: ['typhoid fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the responsiveness of whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to varying heparin doses in vitro and to examine the ex vivo relationship of whole blood aPTT to plasma heparin concentration. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled laboratory study. SETTING: Surgical suites and laboratory at a tertiary center. @entity1 : Surgical @entity1 and volunteers at a tertiary center were eligible for inclusion in this study. In vitro evaluation was performed using specimens obtained from each of five, healthy volunteers. Ex vivo evaluation was performed using specimens obtained from 30 cardiac surgical @entity1 before and after systemic administration of heparin for extracorporeal circulation. INTERVENTIONS: Blood specimens were obtained from volunteers and added to syringes containing varying amounts of unfractionated porcine heparin for in vitro evaluation. For ex vivo evaluation, blood specimens were obtained from @entity1 before and after systemic administration of 20 U/kg of heparin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For the in vitro evaluation, specimens were divided into two aliquots after mixing with varying amounts of unfractionated porcine heparin. One aliquot was used to measure whole blood aPTT using a whole @entity1003 monitor immediately after blood collection and 3 mins later, and a second aliquot was used to determine plasma aPTT with a conventional, laboratory-based assay. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a high correlation (r = .94; r2 = .88) between aPTT assay systems and bias analysis demonstrated a mean aPTT measurement difference of 1.6 secs with +/- 2 SD limits of -15 to +18.2 secs. As indicated by comparable regression slopes, the in vitro aPTT responsiveness to increasing heparin concentration was similar with the two assay systems among individual subjects. Whole blood aPTT measurements after 3 mins of blood specimen storage were similar to immediate measurements. For ex vivo evaluation, blood specimens obtained from @entity1 before and after systemic administration of heparin were divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was used to measure whole blood aPTT in duplicate and a second aliquot was used to measure plasma heparin concentration with an antifactor X active chromogenic assay. A high correlation (r = .89; r2 = .79) between whole blood aPTT and plasma heparin concentration was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Heparin responsiveness of whole blood aPTT, measured with a portable whole @entity1003 monitor, is similar to that of conventional laboratory aPTT over a clinically relevant range of heparin concentrations in vitro and ex vivo. On-site whole blood aPTT measurements should be useful in clinical situations requiring rapid aPTT results.

title: Effect of heparin on whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time using a portable, whole XXXX monitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['blood coagulation']


abstract: The medical histories of 27 @entity1 with @entity715 were evaluated retrospectively. Short and long term evolution as well as prognostic factors were analysed. 24 of the @entity1 were suffering from a @entity1985 , 15 from @entity177 . In the 20 biopsies performed we observed: 14 cases of extramembranous @entity631 , 2 cases of minimal @entity8 , 3 cases of @entity17145 . The @entity715 was bilateral (18), left (7) or right (2). In 7 @entity1 this was associated with @entity715 of the inferior vena cava. 9 @entity1 were treated with anticoagulants alone, 9 underwent thrombectomy, 7 were treated by thrombolysis and 2 received no treatment. Within the first six months 11 @entity1 died as a result of complications due to @entity548 (5), @entity281 (1) and 3 @entity1 died of undetermined causes. The progression of the remaining @entity1 was followed up over a period of 6 months to 19 years. In 12 @entity1 , the @entity1985 regressed and renal function did not deteriorate in any of the cases. The main causes for poor prognosis are the existence of @entity177 and @entity631 which is not extramembranous. Since the evolution of the @entity8 does not appear to be affected by extramembranous @entity631 , @entity715 associated with this complication should be treated with anticoagulants alone. The risk-benefit ratio of thrombectomy leads us to conclude that this technique should be abandoned. Thrombolysis could be considered in cases where @entity715 is associated with @entity810 .

title: [Prognosis of XXXX in the adult: influence of treatment].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy', 'glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['initial renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['septic infection (2) or embolism']

entities_list: @entity17145 :: ('MESH:C538457', 'Disease') :: ['segmental focal glomerulosclerosis and 1 periarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'renal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['renal vein thrombosis']


abstract: To determine whether treatment with digitalis is associated with decreased survival after @entity583 ( @entity583 ), data from 504 @entity1 who were enrolled in a postinfarction natural history study were analyzed. At the time of discharge, 229 @entity1 (45%) were taking digitalis. After 3 years of follow-up, the cumulative survival rate for @entity1 discharged on a regimen of digitalis was 66%, compared with 87% for those not treated (p less than 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences existed between the 2 groups with respect to age, previous @entity583 , @entity1002 in the coronary care unit, @entity955 in the coronary care unit, peak @entity908 kinase levels, enlarged heart and @entity358 on the discharge chest x-ray, @entity943 and treatment with diuretic, antiarrhythmic and beta-blocking drugs. Survival analysis using Cox's regression model showed that the association between digitalis and decreased survival was of borderline significance after adjustment for @entity955 and @entity1002 . Serum digoxin concentration was measured in 83% of the @entity1 who took digitalis. Survival was inversely and significantly related to serum digoxin, i.e., the higher the serum @entity6838 concentration, the lower the long-term survival rate. After adjusting for @entity955 and @entity1002 , serum digoxin was not significantly related to survival. Taken together with the results of 3 other large, nonrandomized studies of digitalis treatment after @entity583 , this study suggests that digitalis treatment may have adverse effects on survival during follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of digitalis treatment on survival after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular congestion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lipid profile of @entity1 with @entity2175 is characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity2298 , and increased levels of lipoprotein (a), all of which may affect the prognosis in @entity1 with @entity65 . This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity4854 and the associated lipid profile in a large group of @entity1 with documented @entity301 . METHODS: From February 1990 to October 1992, 14,326 @entity1 aged 45-74 years with documented @entity301 (a history of @entity583 or @entity951 ) were screened for inclusion in a secondary prevention study using @entity10569 retard. All screened @entity1 underwent a medical examination and a blood test after fasting for 14 h. @entity4854 was defined as a fasting blood @entity413 level of 140 mg/dl or above in @entity1 with no previous history of @entity6 . RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity4854 was 4%, with no differences between the sexes or age groups. Total @entity165 and @entity412 levels were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level significantly lower in asymptomatic @entity1602 than in normoglycemic @entity1 . After multiple adjustments, the relative risk of @entity204 was 1.75 and 1.71 in @entity1 with @entity6 or asymptomatic @entity4854 compared with those with no @entity74 . CONCLUSION: @entity4854 was detected in 4% of @entity1 with @entity741 . The lipid profile in these 4% resembles that of @entity1 with confirmed @entity6 , and their morbidity and mortality may therefore be higher than that of normoglycemic @entity1 . Repeated assessment of @entity413 levels in @entity1 with @entity301 is mandatory.

title: XXXX in @entity301 : frequency and associated lipid and lipoprotein levels in the @entity10569 infarction prevention (BIP) register. The BIP Study Group.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type-II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['glycemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity10569 :: ('MESH:D001629', 'Chemical') :: ['bezafibrate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Asymptomatic hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Asymptomatic hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lipid profile of @entity1 with @entity2175 is characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity2298 , and increased levels of lipoprotein (a), all of which may affect the prognosis in @entity1 with @entity65 . This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity4854 and the associated lipid profile in a large group of @entity1 with documented @entity301 . METHODS: From February 1990 to October 1992, 14,326 @entity1 aged 45-74 years with documented @entity301 (a history of @entity583 or @entity951 ) were screened for inclusion in a secondary prevention study using @entity10569 retard. All screened @entity1 underwent a medical examination and a blood test after fasting for 14 h. @entity4854 was defined as a fasting blood @entity413 level of 140 mg/dl or above in @entity1 with no previous history of @entity6 . RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity4854 was 4%, with no differences between the sexes or age groups. Total @entity165 and @entity412 levels were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level significantly lower in asymptomatic @entity1602 than in normoglycemic @entity1 . After multiple adjustments, the relative risk of @entity204 was 1.75 and 1.71 in @entity1 with @entity6 or asymptomatic @entity4854 compared with those with no @entity74 . CONCLUSION: @entity4854 was detected in 4% of @entity1 with @entity741 . The lipid profile in these 4% resembles that of @entity1 with confirmed @entity6 , and their morbidity and mortality may therefore be higher than that of normoglycemic @entity1 . Repeated assessment of @entity413 levels in @entity1 with @entity301 is mandatory.

title: @entity4854 in @entity301 : frequency and associated lipid and lipoprotein levels in the XXXX infarction prevention (BIP) register. The BIP Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity10569 :: (MESH:D001629,Chemical) :: ['bezafibrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lipid profile of @entity1 with @entity2175 is characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity2298 , and increased levels of lipoprotein (a), all of which may affect the prognosis in @entity1 with @entity65 . This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity4854 and the associated lipid profile in a large group of @entity1 with documented @entity301 . METHODS: From February 1990 to October 1992, 14,326 @entity1 aged 45-74 years with documented @entity301 (a history of @entity583 or @entity951 ) were screened for inclusion in a secondary prevention study using @entity10569 retard. All screened @entity1 underwent a medical examination and a blood test after fasting for 14 h. @entity4854 was defined as a fasting blood @entity413 level of 140 mg/dl or above in @entity1 with no previous history of @entity6 . RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity4854 was 4%, with no differences between the sexes or age groups. Total @entity165 and @entity412 levels were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level significantly lower in asymptomatic @entity1602 than in normoglycemic @entity1 . After multiple adjustments, the relative risk of @entity204 was 1.75 and 1.71 in @entity1 with @entity6 or asymptomatic @entity4854 compared with those with no @entity74 . CONCLUSION: @entity4854 was detected in 4% of @entity1 with @entity741 . The lipid profile in these 4% resembles that of @entity1 with confirmed @entity6 , and their morbidity and mortality may therefore be higher than that of normoglycemic @entity1 . Repeated assessment of @entity413 levels in @entity1 with @entity301 is mandatory.

title: @entity4854 in XXXX : frequency and associated lipid and lipoprotein levels in the @entity10569 infarction prevention (BIP) register. The BIP Study Group.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: The microcysts found in two adenohypophyses removed from @entity1 with nonsecreting @entity652 of this gland have been studied. In one case the cysts were completely surrounded by neoplastic tissue, whereas in the second they were located within the normal parenchyma. The cysts were surrounded by a basement membrane, and appeared to contain a finely granular weakly electron-dense substance. Their walls were lined by mostly cubic cells with microvilli, joined by junctional complexes. Intracytoplasmic microlumina could be seen in some of these cells. Cells showing cilia with a 9 + 2 fibrillar pattern and cells with mucosecretory differentiation were also present. Furthermore endocrine cells were also found in the cyst-lining epithelium. The ultrastructural aspects of the cyst cells lead to reject the hypothesis that these are derived from folliculostellate cells. Besides, intermediate aspects between cyst cells and @entity5 cells were never visible. Therefore it seems likely that a relationship between @entity652 and cyst cells does not exist and that cyst cells originate from remnants of Rathke's pouch with a ciliate or mucosecretory differentiation. The presence of endocrine cells in the cyst-lining epithelium deserves further study, for it seems to indicate that an endocrine differentiation may occur in the adult, too. To our knowledge this is the first ultrastructural study of these structures in adult @entity1 pituitary gland.

title: An ultrastructural study on muciparous microcysts of the XXXX adenohypophysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic features of @entity301 (greater than or equal to 90% diameter reduction) in @entity573 were evaluated in 30 @entity1 . The mean age at the onset of @entity573 was 2.9 +/- 1.9 years and that at cardiac catheterization was 6.3 +/- 2.8 years. Obstructive lesions were observed in the right coronary artery in 12 @entity1 (group 1), in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 6 (group 2), in both right coronary artery and LAD in 10 (group 3) and in the left main coronary artery in 4 (group 4). Twenty-two @entity1 (73%) had @entity299 , including @entity583 in 10 (33%). Cardiac symptoms were observed in 41% in group 1, 100% in group 2, 80% in group 3 and 100% in group 4. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction were abnormal in 32% of the @entity1 in group 1, a frequency less than that in other groups (83% in group 2, 78% in group 3 and 100% in group 4). Fifty percent had @entity339 and 73% had left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. No @entity1 in groups 1 or 2 has died, but 8 of 14 @entity1 in groups 3 and 4 have died. These observations indicate that coronary obstruction owing to @entity573 can cause depressed LV function, @entity339 and LV wall motion abnormalities in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac symptoms']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary obstructive disease']


abstract: The heart rate (HR) variation of 25 normotensive and asymptomatic @entity1 , mean age 58 +/- 7 years, with @entity6 (group I) was studied during deep respiration. Thirteen subjects (52%) had a variation of 10 beats/min or less, consistent with an @entity4148 ( @entity4148 ) (group IA); 12 had variation in HR of more than 10 beats/min and were considered to have no @entity16 (group IB). The 24-hour ambulatory HR and systolic blood pressure (BP) values of group I were compared with those of 13 healthy @entity1 , mean age 48 +/- 8 years (group II). The mean of 5 maximal HR measurements during the 24-hour period was higher for group IA (106 +/- 11 beats/min) than for group IB (100 +/- 13 beats/min) or for group II (92 +/- 9 beats/min) (p less than 0.01). The mean of 5 maximal BP measurements was greater for group I (149 +/- 28 mm Hg) than for group II (128 +/- 13 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01), but no difference was observed between groups IA and IB. Maximal treadmill exercise was performed with 22 of the @entity1 (11 with and 11 without @entity4148 ), and no difference in HR was observed between the 2 groups during all stages of exercise or at maximal exertion. The increase in systolic BP and duration of exercise in these 2 groups were also similar. Seventeen of 25 @entity6 @entity1 had @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ). Of 13 @entity1 with @entity4148 , 10 had @entity1897 ; of 12 without @entity4148 , 7 had @entity1897 and 5 did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Blood pressure and heart rate responses during 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy', 'AN']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The heart rate (HR) variation of 25 normotensive and asymptomatic @entity1 , mean age 58 +/- 7 years, with @entity6 (group I) was studied during deep respiration. Thirteen subjects (52%) had a variation of 10 beats/min or less, consistent with an @entity4148 ( @entity4148 ) (group IA); 12 had variation in HR of more than 10 beats/min and were considered to have no @entity16 (group IB). The 24-hour ambulatory HR and systolic blood pressure (BP) values of group I were compared with those of 13 healthy @entity1 , mean age 48 +/- 8 years (group II). The mean of 5 maximal HR measurements during the 24-hour period was higher for group IA (106 +/- 11 beats/min) than for group IB (100 +/- 13 beats/min) or for group II (92 +/- 9 beats/min) (p less than 0.01). The mean of 5 maximal BP measurements was greater for group I (149 +/- 28 mm Hg) than for group II (128 +/- 13 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01), but no difference was observed between groups IA and IB. Maximal treadmill exercise was performed with 22 of the @entity1 (11 with and 11 without @entity4148 ), and no difference in HR was observed between the 2 groups during all stages of exercise or at maximal exertion. The increase in systolic BP and duration of exercise in these 2 groups were also similar. Seventeen of 25 @entity6 @entity1 had @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ). Of 13 @entity1 with @entity4148 , 10 had @entity1897 ; of 12 without @entity4148 , 7 had @entity1897 and 5 did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Blood pressure and heart rate responses during 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the safety and efficacy of @entity1855 and @entity3988 with respect to ventricular response in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) @entity299 . DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1984 to 1993, followed by a manual search of the bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were case reports, controlled trials, review articles and editorials. DATA EXTRACTION: Effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on hemodynamics, ventricular response in @entity955 , clinical parameters and mortality were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are limited data about the effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity712 . In vitro @entity3988 has fewer negative inotropic effects than @entity1855 . Clinically there are some reports of hemodynamic and clinical deterioration in @entity1 with significant @entity1002 given @entity1855 although most @entity1 improve with @entity1855 . There are more data concerning @entity3988 in the setting of @entity955 complicated by @entity712 . The drug does not appear to exacerbate @entity712 , although @entity551 can result. In chronic @entity955 complicated by @entity712 , there is concern that @entity3988 may increase mortality. Options for therapy are digoxin, beta-blockers and @entity713 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity460 channel blockers may have a role in the acute reduction of ventricular response in @entity1 with @entity955 complicated by @entity712 ; however, their safety in chronic heart rate control remains to be proven.

title: @entity460 channel blockers for heart rate control in @entity955 complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node ablation']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the safety and efficacy of @entity1855 and @entity3988 with respect to ventricular response in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) @entity299 . DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1984 to 1993, followed by a manual search of the bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were case reports, controlled trials, review articles and editorials. DATA EXTRACTION: Effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on hemodynamics, ventricular response in @entity955 , clinical parameters and mortality were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are limited data about the effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity712 . In vitro @entity3988 has fewer negative inotropic effects than @entity1855 . Clinically there are some reports of hemodynamic and clinical deterioration in @entity1 with significant @entity1002 given @entity1855 although most @entity1 improve with @entity1855 . There are more data concerning @entity3988 in the setting of @entity955 complicated by @entity712 . The drug does not appear to exacerbate @entity712 , although @entity551 can result. In chronic @entity955 complicated by @entity712 , there is concern that @entity3988 may increase mortality. Options for therapy are digoxin, beta-blockers and @entity713 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity460 channel blockers may have a role in the acute reduction of ventricular response in @entity1 with @entity955 complicated by @entity712 ; however, their safety in chronic heart rate control remains to be proven.

title: @entity460 channel blockers for heart rate control in XXXX complicated by @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']