abstract: Whole organ sectioning of laryngectomy specimens has been applied since quite a few years to increase our knowledge of the histopathological behavior of @entity189 . The laboratory techniques have been successively refined with shortening of the processing time and with improved histological results. The larynx may be cut in the coronal, sagittal or in the transverse plane, which has become more actual for comparison between computed tomograms and histopathological findings. The growth and spread of @entity5 is determined by the site of origin. @entity189 often invade the thyroid cartilage in the anterior commissure area and extend outside the larynx through cartilage or by extending subglottically and then through the crico-thyroid membrane. More extensive @entity189 with supra- and/or subglottic extension may spread laterally through the crico-thyroid space. This way of spread is very characteristic for @entity5 surrounding the laryngeal ventricle--"transglottic @entity189 ." @entity189 show a high tendency to invade the pre-epiglottic space. Despite an advanced size they tend to be confined to the supraglottic region, but may especially when @entity1066 extend down to the glottic region in the anterior midline. Primary @entity189 are rare but tend to be advanced when diagnosed, having a circumferential growth with extension up into the vocal cord muscles. They may invade the laryngeal framework and spread outside the larynx through the crico-thyroid membrane. By using the whole organ sectioning technique we have gained further knowledge of the strength and weaknesses of our clinical and radiological diagnostic methods and we have a possibility to compare the radiographic findings with the histopathological sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Aspects on XXXX based on whole organ sections.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic carcinomas', 'Glottic carcinomas', 'laryngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'glottic carcinomas', 'Supraglottic carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study retrospectively examines the efficacy of prophylactic intravenous antibiotic regimens in the prevention of odontogenic @entity582 in @entity1 with severe @entity4297 receiving comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia. @entity1 AND METHODS: Blood cultures were taken from @entity1 with @entity299 30 seconds after completion of dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Antibiotic prophylaxis had been given intravenously immediately before dental treatment. The choice of antibiotics and the extent of dental treatment were recorded. The percentage prevalence of @entity582 was compared with published data following multiple dental extractions using the same clinical and microbiological methodology. RESULTS: The overall percentage prevalence of positive cultures in @entity1 receiving intravenous prophylactic antibiotics was 16%. The percentage of positive blood cultures in cardiac @entity1 who received @entity869 alone was not significantly different from that in @entity1 having a combination of @entity4509 and @entity11248 (16.7% v 22.2%) respectively [Chi Square = 0.385, df = 1, P= 0.535]. When compared with multiple extractions, both @entity869 alone and @entity4509 with @entity11248 were effective in reducing the prevalence of odontogenic @entity582 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity299 , @entity582 after dental treatment is reduced by antibiotics but is still detected on 16% of occasions. In comparison with @entity1 receiving @entity869 alone, the combination of @entity4509 and @entity11248 is as effective in reducing @entity582 in @entity1 who are either allergic to penicillins or who have received them within the previous month.

title: Intravenous antibiotic regimens and prophylaxis of odontogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac defects', 'cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity582 :: (MESH:C531821,Disease) :: ['bacteraemia']


abstract: In addition to preoperative coronary angiography, 63 @entity1 undergoing coronary bypass surgery also had myocardial scintigraphy with @entity4341 1 to 2 days before surgery, resting scintigraphy 10 after bypass and a repeat scintigraphy with @entity4341 3 to 6 months later. The myocardium was divided into 5 segments. In each segment the perfusion was classified as: normal, presence of a reversible defect (redistribution), presence of a @entity2319 (no redistribution). A comparison of pre-and postoperative scintigraphies led to the following conclusions. Three to six months after bypass, improved perfusion was observed in 65.6% os ischaemic segments, showing that surgery was very effective. On the other hand, the immediate postoperative control (10 days) only showed improved perfusion in 42.5% of the ischaemic segments: this interval was too short to appreciate the benefits of coronary bypass. There was a good correlation between the scintigraphic improvement after surgery and the reversibility of the zones of hypofixation of Thallium before surgery. When the defect was reversible, 80% of the revascularised segments were improved. Fifty-eight per cent of non-reversible defects before surgery were unchanged by the revascularisation procedure. However, the absence of redistribution during preoperative scintigraphy was not synonymous with @entity296 and does not represent a contra-indication to coronary bypass surgery; in fact, improved perfusion was observed in 42% of these constant defects. The quality of recovery depends on the condition of the muscle: only segments with normal motion can be improved. Degradation of the clinical condition of @entity1 was always related to aggravation(lack of improvement in 1 case) of scintigraphy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical value of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with XXXX performed before and after aortocoronary bypass].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['definitive myocardial lesions']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent defect']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While late decelerations are regarded as signs of @entity2241 , fetal @entity1353 movements (FBM) associated with late decelerations invariably have normal outcomes. Could late decelerations sometimes represent FBM? MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity1 between 37 and 42 weeks' gestation with 'late decelerations' associated with FBM (by ultrasound or tocodynamometer) during ante- or intrapartum monitoring were evaluated. Three were at high risk ( @entity6 , postdates, intrauterine growth restriction) and three were at low-risk. RESULTS: 'Late decelerations' arose in previously reassuring tracings. @entity26 or positional change had no effect. The decelerations were variable in length and shallow, and contained increased variability. Normal baseline rate and variability were maintained after the deceleration. Neonatal outcomes were normal. CONCLUSION: 'Late decelerations' as described are associated with normal outcome and may represent FBM. This understanding may reduce unnecessary interventions.

title: Late-onset fetal cardiac decelerations associated with fetal XXXX movements.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypoxemia']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation on the laterality of delta band activity during @entity25 ( @entity25 ). DESIGN: @entity1 napped for two hours on two separate days. Two types of vibratory stimuli were randomly presented to one hand: a short and more intense vibration (rare stimulus) and a long and less intense vibration (frequent stimulus). The vibratory stimuli were presented to @entity1 once in @entity25 in alternating periods of stimulation and no stimulation. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were obtained from homologous electrode sites and analyzed for asymmetry. SETTING: State University of New York at Stony Brook. @entity1 : Eight right-handed college students (ages 18 to 24). MEASUREMENTS _ RESULTS: Delta band activity (>0-3.906 Hz) at homologous electrode sites was obtained and an asymmetry index (AI) was derived. The AI varied as a function of Stimulus Type (rare, frequent, no stimulus). Less asymmetry was observed after rare stimuli than after frequent or no stimuli. There was no difference in AI between right and left hand stimulation. Absolute delta power was greater to rare stimuli than to frequent or no stimuli. Amplitude of ERP (event-related potential) components during wakefulness and sleep were also examined. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the idea that vibratory stimulation of a given hand will disrupt sleep in the contralateral hemisphere. However, the results do support the idea that the @entity1 brain is capable of monitoring the environment without compromising @entity25 .

title: The effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation on hemispheric asymmetries during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['slow wave sleep']


abstract: We studied 14 cases with @entity13 . Five cases in 7 @entity11 showed @entity39 in CT scans. The central @entity39 neighboring the surface of the pons or the fourth ventricle was removed with @entity515 -LASER and cavitron ultrasonic aspirator (necrotomy) and a few pellets were given in the @entity41 in four cases. Three cases showed remarkable improvement of clinical course. A case came back to work. Other two @entity1 resulted in high Karnofsky rating. A case did not improve and died 10 months after the surgery. CT scans showed the decompression of the fourth ventricle due to decrease in volume of central @entity39 . The preoperative enhanced lesion was decreased in degree of contrast enhancement. The @entity13 and local administration of anti- @entity5 -agents in @entity41 showed excellent results in some cases. We should scrutinize CT scans and NMR in cases with @entity13 .

title: [Necrotomy of XXXX and local administration of anticancer agents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem glioma', 'necrotomy of brain stem glioma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'large central necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['brain stem glioma']


abstract: A 61-year-old @entity1 was found to have mild @entity6113 during a medical checkup and was referred to our hospital in 1993. Physical examination showed a mild @entity382 , and bone marrow examination revealed the proliferation of monoclonal mature B cells. He was diagnosed with @entity1072 . Chlorambucil and then @entity3118 were effective initially. However, large transformed cells started to increase in 2000, and the increment became uncontrollable and platelet transfusion dependence developed. He was admitted to our hospital in October 2001. He intermittently received a total of 32 administrations of rituximab. The total dose was 15, 500 mg. The @entity137 was tolerable and he became transfusion independent for 6 months. However, systemic lymphoadenopathy and @entity382 did not respond to the drug. We conclude that rituximab treatment is useful for refractory @entity1072 because of its excellent safety.

title: [Drug-resistant B cell XXXX safely treated with rituximab to control leukemic cell increment and platelet transfusion dependence].

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this prospective study was to elucidate the efficacy of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound to characterise focal @entity99 appearing non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT in chronic @entity409 . METHODS: The study population included 22 @entity1 with @entity82 or chronic @entity99 , who between them had 27 focal @entity99 smaller than 20 mm (mean 13.9    3.4) that appeared non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with @entity1584 microbubble agent (Sonazoid, 0.0075 ml kg(-1)) was performed prior to ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, and intensity analysis was done for @entity99 in the early phase (-60 s) and late phase (600 s post injection). RESULTS: All seven early-phase hyperenhanced lesions were @entity157 ( @entity157 ). 20 lesions iso- or hypoenhanced during the early phase consisted of 11 regenerative nodules (RNs) and 9 HCCs. @entity157 was more frequent in early-phase hyperenhanced lesions than in iso- or @entity75 (p=0.0108). Both late-phase @entity75 were HCCs, whereas 25 late-phase isoenhanced lesions consisted of 11 RNs and 14 HCCs. The enhancement patterns of the 11 RNs included isoenhanced appearance in both the early and late phases in 8 lesions, and early-phase hypoenhancement combined with late-phase isoenhancement in the remaining 3. Both of these enhancement patterns (i.e. either iso-iso or hypo-iso) were found in 9 malignant lesions, 9 (75%) of the 12 well-differentiated HCCs. CONCLUSION: Hypervascularity on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid strongly suggested @entity157 regardless of non-hypervascularity on CT, and late-phase hypoenhancement was another possible finding of @entity157 . However, characterisation of @entity99 with other enhancement patterns was difficult using our technique.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterisation of XXXX appearing non-hypervascular on CT in chronic @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1584 :: ('MESH:C108042', 'Chemical') :: ['perflubutane']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoenhanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this prospective study was to elucidate the efficacy of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound to characterise focal @entity99 appearing non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT in chronic @entity409 . METHODS: The study population included 22 @entity1 with @entity82 or chronic @entity99 , who between them had 27 focal @entity99 smaller than 20 mm (mean 13.9    3.4) that appeared non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with @entity1584 microbubble agent (Sonazoid, 0.0075 ml kg(-1)) was performed prior to ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, and intensity analysis was done for @entity99 in the early phase (-60 s) and late phase (600 s post injection). RESULTS: All seven early-phase hyperenhanced lesions were @entity157 ( @entity157 ). 20 lesions iso- or hypoenhanced during the early phase consisted of 11 regenerative nodules (RNs) and 9 HCCs. @entity157 was more frequent in early-phase hyperenhanced lesions than in iso- or @entity75 (p=0.0108). Both late-phase @entity75 were HCCs, whereas 25 late-phase isoenhanced lesions consisted of 11 RNs and 14 HCCs. The enhancement patterns of the 11 RNs included isoenhanced appearance in both the early and late phases in 8 lesions, and early-phase hypoenhancement combined with late-phase isoenhancement in the remaining 3. Both of these enhancement patterns (i.e. either iso-iso or hypo-iso) were found in 9 malignant lesions, 9 (75%) of the 12 well-differentiated HCCs. CONCLUSION: Hypervascularity on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid strongly suggested @entity157 regardless of non-hypervascularity on CT, and late-phase hypoenhancement was another possible finding of @entity157 . However, characterisation of @entity99 with other enhancement patterns was difficult using our technique.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterisation of @entity99 appearing non-hypervascular on CT in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver diseases']


abstract: The influence of mechanical tissue strain caused by flexible @entity174 fixation on the systemic occurrence of systemic mitogens during @entity446 was investigated. For this purpose the mitogenic capacity and growth factor concentration of sera from @entity1 undergoing @entity174 treatment were determined. Sera from 9 @entity1 whose @entity174 had been stabilized by external fixation were collected before and during @entity174 treatment. The sera were added to cell culture media of the osteoblastic cell line SaOS-2. After 5-6 days cell proliferation was measured. @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity442 ( @entity442 ) concentrations were analyzed in serum samples from different healing stages. STATISTICS: paired Wilcoxon-test. Sera from @entity174 @entity1 decreased SaOS-2 proliferation in the first week after surgery (p<0.05) compared to sera obtained prior to surgery. In the fourth or fifth week proliferation increased significantly (p<0.03). The increased proliferation of the SaOS-2 cells was associated with elevated levels of TGF-beta and @entity442 (p<0.05). The higher mitogenic activity of sera suggests an increased level of circulating mitogens. In a previous study this increase had also been observed in @entity1 during distraction osteogenesis treatment but not in @entity1 with primary bone healing by a stable fixated plate. It is therefore assumed that their release from the @entity174 site is a consequence of mechanical stimulation by interfragmentary movement of @entity174 ends.

title: Mitogens are increased in the systemic circulation during bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['callus healing']

answer: @entity446 :: (MESH:C563468,Disease) :: ['callus healing']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 presenting with locally advanced @entity5 currently receive preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Although pathologic complete response is achieved for approximately 10% to 30% of @entity1 , a proportion of @entity1 derive no benefit from this therapy while being exposed to toxic side effects of treatment. Therefore, there is a strong need to identify @entity1 who are unlikely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy to help direct them toward alternate and ultimately more successful treatment options. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this study, we obtained expression profiles from pretreatment biopsies for 51 @entity5 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy, followed by resection of the @entity5 6 to 8 weeks posttreatment. Gene expression and response to treatment were correlated, and a supervised learning algorithm was used to generate an original predictive classifier and validate previously published classifiers. RESULTS: Novel predictive classifiers based on Mandard's @entity5 regression grade, metabolic response, TNM ( @entity5 node @entity3 ) downstaging, and normal tissue expression profiles were generated. Because there were only 7 @entity1 who had minimal treatment response (>80% @entity41 ), expression profiles were used to predict @entity5 response and outcome. These classifiers peaked at 82% sensitivity and 89% specificity; however, classifiers with the highest sensitivity had poor specificity, and vice versa. Validation of predictive classifiers from previously published reports was attempted using this cohort; however, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 21% to 70%. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the clinical utility of microarrays in predictive medicine is not yet within reach for @entity5 and alternatives to microarrays should be considered for predictive studies in @entity420 .

title: Pretreatment transcriptional profiling for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'good tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) is considered the preferred route for long-term enteral feeding. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of an increased mortality risk after @entity970 insertion. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted during a 13-year period in the gastroenterology department of Erlangen University Hospital. The authors completed a questionnaire with details of demographic data, diagnosis, indication for @entity970 , type of tube, and cause of @entity204 . @entity1 were contacted regularly at scheduled appointments. RESULTS: In total, 787 @entity1 (574 male [72.9%]) underwent @entity970 placement by the pull technique. The main underlying disease was malignant (75.6%). By the end of the study period, 614 @entity1 had died. The average survival time was 720 days. The 30-, 60-, 90-day and 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality rates amounted to 6.5%, 9.8%, 13%, 32.1%, 59.3%, and 69.8%, respectively. Predictive factors of increased 30-day mortality were higher age, lower body mass index (BMI), and the presence of @entity6 . The presence of all 3 variables served as an indicator to detect high-risk @entity1 , with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.64. CONCLUSION: Mortality predictors for @entity1 after @entity970 insertion are higher age, lower BMI, and the presence of @entity6 . To avoid unnecessary and dangerous examinations in high-risk @entity1 , the above-mentioned predictive factors of mortality should be checked before @entity970 placement.

title: Predictive factors of mortality after XXXX insertion: guidance for clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity970 :: (CHEBI:46793,Chemical) :: ['PEG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 treated with hemodialysis (HD) have been reported to have decreased levels of   -3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) in plasma and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of   -3 @entity5204 administered intravenously during HD, as well as the effect of HD treatment, on the @entity844 composition of plasma free @entity1718 (FFAs), plasma phospholipids, and platelet phospholipids. METHODS: Forty-four HD @entity1 were randomized to groups receiving either a single dose of a lipid emulsion containing 4.1 g of   -3 @entity5204 or placebo (saline) administered intravenously during HD. Blood was drawn immediately before (baseline) and after (4 hours) HD and before the next HD session (48 hours). @entity844 composition was measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The increase in   -3 FFAs was greater in the   -3 @entity5204 group compared with the placebo group, whereas the increase in total FFAs was similar between the 2 groups. In the   -3 @entity5204 group,   -3 @entity5204 in plasma phospholipids were higher after 48 hours than at baseline, and in platelet phospholipids,   -3 @entity5204 increased after 4 hours. In the placebo group, no changes were observed in   -3 @entity5204 in plasma and platelet phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous   -3 @entity5204 administered during HD caused a transient selective increase in   -3 FFA concentration. Furthermore,   -3 @entity5204 were rapidly incorporated into platelets, and the content of   -3 @entity5204 in plasma phospholipids increased after 48 hours.

title: Effect of intravenous omega-3 fatty acid infusion and hemodialysis on @entity844 composition of free XXXX and phospholipids in @entity1 with end-stage renal disease.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 treated with hemodialysis (HD) have been reported to have decreased levels of   -3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) in plasma and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of   -3 @entity5204 administered intravenously during HD, as well as the effect of HD treatment, on the @entity844 composition of plasma free @entity1718 (FFAs), plasma phospholipids, and platelet phospholipids. METHODS: Forty-four HD @entity1 were randomized to groups receiving either a single dose of a lipid emulsion containing 4.1 g of   -3 @entity5204 or placebo (saline) administered intravenously during HD. Blood was drawn immediately before (baseline) and after (4 hours) HD and before the next HD session (48 hours). @entity844 composition was measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The increase in   -3 FFAs was greater in the   -3 @entity5204 group compared with the placebo group, whereas the increase in total FFAs was similar between the 2 groups. In the   -3 @entity5204 group,   -3 @entity5204 in plasma phospholipids were higher after 48 hours than at baseline, and in platelet phospholipids,   -3 @entity5204 increased after 4 hours. In the placebo group, no changes were observed in   -3 @entity5204 in plasma and platelet phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous   -3 @entity5204 administered during HD caused a transient selective increase in   -3 FFA concentration. Furthermore,   -3 @entity5204 were rapidly incorporated into platelets, and the content of   -3 @entity5204 in plasma phospholipids increased after 48 hours.

title: Effect of intravenous omega-3 fatty acid infusion and hemodialysis on XXXX composition of free @entity1718 and phospholipids in @entity1 with end-stage renal disease.

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 treated with hemodialysis (HD) have been reported to have decreased levels of   -3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) in plasma and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of   -3 @entity5204 administered intravenously during HD, as well as the effect of HD treatment, on the @entity844 composition of plasma free @entity1718 (FFAs), plasma phospholipids, and platelet phospholipids. METHODS: Forty-four HD @entity1 were randomized to groups receiving either a single dose of a lipid emulsion containing 4.1 g of   -3 @entity5204 or placebo (saline) administered intravenously during HD. Blood was drawn immediately before (baseline) and after (4 hours) HD and before the next HD session (48 hours). @entity844 composition was measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The increase in   -3 FFAs was greater in the   -3 @entity5204 group compared with the placebo group, whereas the increase in total FFAs was similar between the 2 groups. In the   -3 @entity5204 group,   -3 @entity5204 in plasma phospholipids were higher after 48 hours than at baseline, and in platelet phospholipids,   -3 @entity5204 increased after 4 hours. In the placebo group, no changes were observed in   -3 @entity5204 in plasma and platelet phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous   -3 @entity5204 administered during HD caused a transient selective increase in   -3 FFA concentration. Furthermore,   -3 @entity5204 were rapidly incorporated into platelets, and the content of   -3 @entity5204 in plasma phospholipids increased after 48 hours.

title: Effect of intravenous omega-3 fatty acid infusion and hemodialysis on @entity844 composition of free @entity1718 and phospholipids in XXXX with end-stage renal disease.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a risk factor for increased arterial stiffness. We evaluated associations between the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid plaque, @entity121 ( @entity121 ), and @entity2412 in Korean @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 320 Korean @entity6 @entity1 without a history of @entity66 or macroalbuminuria. We measured 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) levels and performed funduscopic and @entity16 examinations to assess the extent of @entity2412 . Arterial stiffness was assessed using CAVI. We also measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI), common carotid artery @entity121 , and carotid beta stiffness index. RESULTS: Among the 320 @entity1 enrolled in this study, 64 (20%) had increased CAVI (>=  9). We found that CAVI was correlated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, @entity121 , carotid beta stiffness index, log-transformed UAE, and total @entity165 . In multiple logistic regression analysis, mean @entity121 and the presence of carotid plaque were independently associated with increased CAVI (>=  9) (OR=5.77, P < 0.01; OR=5.36, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, an increased CAVI was associated with @entity1897 (OR=2.03, P = 0.03) and microalbuminuria (OR=2.47, P < 0.01) after adjusting for possible confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that increased CAVI is associated with the presence of arterial plaque, @entity455 , such as @entity8 and @entity16 , in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Associations between cardio-ankle vascular index and microvascular complications in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increased IMT, and microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIM: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a risk factor for increased arterial stiffness. We evaluated associations between the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid plaque, @entity121 ( @entity121 ), and @entity2412 in Korean @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 320 Korean @entity6 @entity1 without a history of @entity66 or macroalbuminuria. We measured 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) levels and performed funduscopic and @entity16 examinations to assess the extent of @entity2412 . Arterial stiffness was assessed using CAVI. We also measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI), common carotid artery @entity121 , and carotid beta stiffness index. RESULTS: Among the 320 @entity1 enrolled in this study, 64 (20%) had increased CAVI (>=  9). We found that CAVI was correlated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, @entity121 , carotid beta stiffness index, log-transformed UAE, and total @entity165 . In multiple logistic regression analysis, mean @entity121 and the presence of carotid plaque were independently associated with increased CAVI (>=  9) (OR=5.77, P < 0.01; OR=5.36, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, an increased CAVI was associated with @entity1897 (OR=2.03, P = 0.03) and microalbuminuria (OR=2.47, P < 0.01) after adjusting for possible confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that increased CAVI is associated with the presence of arterial plaque, @entity455 , such as @entity8 and @entity16 , in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Associations between cardio-ankle vascular index and microvascular complications in @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A case of @entity157 , successfully treated with multimodal loco-regional treatments, is reported. An 80-year-old male presented with multiple pulmonary and peritoneal @entity3 4 months after right heimihepatectomy for @entity397 . Bronchial artery infusion of @entity1138 induced @entity2 regression and stabilization. Peritoneal @entity5 was treated by arterial infusion of SMANCS, followed by percutaneous injection of absolute @entity1068 , which ended in surgical @entity86 due to @entity733 formation. He had been well until right adrenal and left pulmonary @entity3 appeared. Resection of both @entity3 was carried out in 39-post hepatectomy month. Recurrent @entity358 was treated with two sessions of bronchial artery infusion with no effect this time. Video-assisted partial resection of the left lung was performed in 54 post-hepatectomy month. But his AFP level kept rising. Eventually pulmonary @entity3 recurred and @entity5 thrombus reached the left atrium 58 months after hepatectomy. He wanted no more treatment. He died of @entity385 caused by @entity5 thrombus. He enjoyed a good QOL for five years through multimodal loco-regional treatments.

title: [Successful treatment of multiple pulmonary and peritoneal recurrence of XXXX with bronchial artery infusion therapy and PEIT followed by surgery--a case report].

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumor']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured HCC']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['removal in 28-postoperative month']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is associated with a higher rate of @entity101 . However, data about prevalence rates of @entity1005 in @entity1 suffering from @entity101 as well as the relation to blood pressure (BP) control are lacking. METHODS: We recruited 145 @entity1 with primary @entity101 from March to November 2012 at the cardiologic outpatient clinic at Ulm University Medical Center. Symptoms of @entity1005 (assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale; Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress), @entity308 and @entity148 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale) were assessed by self-report. Office BP was measured and medical data were collected. RESULTS: Criteria for a full @entity1005 syndrome were met by 13 @entity1 (9%). Posttraumatic stress was higher in the group of @entity1 with controlled (M=10.9, S.D.=9.8) than in those with uncontrolled @entity101 (M=3.9, S.D.=5.4; P<.001). In linear regression, only status of @entity101 control (beta=.39, P<.001) predicted posttraumatic stress significantly, even after controlling for important cofactors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1005 is highly prevalent in @entity101 @entity1 , especially in those with controlled @entity101 . An explaining mechanism could be the higher use of health care by @entity1 suffering from @entity1005 . The mental needs of these @entity1 should be focused in addition to the well-established somatic care.

title: High prevalence of posttraumatic stress in @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is associated with a higher rate of @entity101 . However, data about prevalence rates of @entity1005 in @entity1 suffering from @entity101 as well as the relation to blood pressure (BP) control are lacking. METHODS: We recruited 145 @entity1 with primary @entity101 from March to November 2012 at the cardiologic outpatient clinic at Ulm University Medical Center. Symptoms of @entity1005 (assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale; Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress), @entity308 and @entity148 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale) were assessed by self-report. Office BP was measured and medical data were collected. RESULTS: Criteria for a full @entity1005 syndrome were met by 13 @entity1 (9%). Posttraumatic stress was higher in the group of @entity1 with controlled (M=10.9, S.D.=9.8) than in those with uncontrolled @entity101 (M=3.9, S.D.=5.4; P<.001). In linear regression, only status of @entity101 control (beta=.39, P<.001) predicted posttraumatic stress significantly, even after controlling for important cofactors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1005 is highly prevalent in @entity101 @entity1 , especially in those with controlled @entity101 . An explaining mechanism could be the higher use of health care by @entity1 suffering from @entity1005 . The mental needs of these @entity1 should be focused in addition to the well-established somatic care.

title: High prevalence of posttraumatic stress in XXXX with primary @entity101 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity320 cells are resistant to radiation in part due to their capacity to repair sublethal damage. A large fraction dose is therefore often utilized. However, if the @entity5 is located close to critical structures with modest tolerance, high fraction doses increase the risk for late complications compared with standard fractionation, but using the latter alone risks the desired outcome. Concurrent systemic biotherapy with standard radiation fractions may therefore represent an acceptable compromise. The outcome of concurrent systemic interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) and radiation in three @entity1 with @entity135 was evaluated. Standard radiation fractions were used because of the radiosensitizing properties of @entity3027 . Acute @entity137 was significant and required treatment interruptions. However, all side effects subsided following treatment. All three @entity1 achieved local control at follow-up periods of 24, 18 and 19 months, respectively. One @entity1 developed widespread distant metastases. The combination of @entity3027 with radiation is considered feasible in terms of outcome and should be investigated with a larger cohort of @entity1 . @entity137 is significant, and the addition of radioprotectors could be desirable.

title: Concurrent interferon-alpha and radiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck melanoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Melanoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck melanoma']


abstract: Many diagnostic and treatment modalities for bone @entity3 are available. They include biomarker examination, imaging techniques, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, palliation, and rehabilitation, among others. Diagnosis of the disease and administration of these treatments require caregivers and other medical personnel including medical oncologists for @entity5 , radiologists, pathologists, orthopedists, radiotherapists, palliative care doctors, rehabilitation doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, psychologists, and medical social workers. In multidisciplinary teamwork, knowledge of the potency of each intervention performed for the @entity1 is important to improve treatment outcomes. Therefore, guidelines can contribute to better understanding and collaboration of one intervention with another. Guidelines should be based on medical evidences obtained from clinical studies that yield highly reliable results. Evidences for the treatment of bone @entity3 are still lacking. Especially, the evidences for multi-modal treatment are rarely of described. In 2015, the Japanese Society for Medical Oncology released guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases. These guidelines aim to improve clinical procedures and treatment outcomes. In these guidelines, we described the current measures applicable for the treatment and care of @entity1 with bone @entity3 , the cost of which is covered by Japanese medical insurance. During the development of these guidelines, we recognized unsolved clinical questions in some parts of this field. Although the development of these guidelines is just a step toward improvement of treatment outcomes in @entity1 with bone metastases, we hope that these guidelines are beneficial for such @entity1 .

title: [Concept and Overview of JSMO Guidelines for the Treatment of Bone XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioid prescribing/dispensing data can inform policy surrounding regulation by informing trends and types of opioid prescribed and geographic variations. In Australia so far only partial data on dispensing have been published, and data for states/territories remain unknown. AIM: Using a range of measures this study examines 20-year (1992-2011) trends in prescription opioid analgesics in Australia - both nationally and for individual jurisdictions. METHODS: Dispensing data were obtained from the Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) websites. Trends in numbers of prescriptions and @entity2794 ( @entity2794 )/1000 @entity1 /day were examined over time, and across states/territories. Seasonal variations in PBS/Repatriation-PBS items for nationwide dispensing were adjusted using a centered moving smoothing technique. RESULTS: In two decades 165.32 million prescriptions for opioid were dispensed, with @entity10425 and its derivatives the most prescribed formulation (50.1%) followed by @entity1340 (13.5%) and @entity1288 derivatives (12.7%). In terms of @entity2794 /1000 @entity1 /day, dispensing increased from 19.87 in 1992 to 55.11 in 2011. There are significant increasing trends for total, PBS/RPBS and under co-payment prescriptions (priced below @entity1 co-payment). The @entity2794 /1000 @entity1 /day for items dispensed through PBS/RPBS was highest in Tasmania. CONCLUSION: Prescription opioid dispensing substantially increased over the study period. With an ageing population this trend is likely to continue in future. A growing concern about harms associated with opioid use warrants balanced control measures so that harms could be minimized without reducing effective @entity158 treatment. Research examining utilisation in small geographic areas may help design spatially tailored interventions. A real-time drug monitoring program may reduce undue prescribing and dispensing.

title: Prescription opioid analgesics for XXXX management in Australia: twenty years of dispensing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily defined dose', 'DDD']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The utility of surgical resection of solitary metastatic sites in @entity1358 remains controversial. Additionally, the small literature detailing the role of surgical management suggests that @entity1 who have surgical resection of metachronous @entity3 have a better outcome than those presenting synchronously. We reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 with @entity1358 who underwent nephrectomy at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 1980 and 1993. @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection of metastatic disease, either at presentation or subsequent to their nephrectomy, were identified. Clinical parameters, time to treatment failure, and survival was evaluated. Eighteen @entity1 underwent surgical resection of @entity3 , 7 were synchronous to their nephrectomy, and 11 developed metachronous @entity3 . @entity75 in both groups included @entity3 to lung, bone, liver, brain, and soft tissue. The median survival of all @entity1 from time of resection to death or last follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 2 days to 10.7+ years). Two @entity1 remain alive, both with recurrent disease at 5.3 and 10.7 years. Mean time from nephrectomy to death was 2.69 years for the synchronous group and 5.97 years for the metachronous group (p = 0.0599). The role of surgical resection in @entity1358 remains unproven. The survival of this population is significantly longer than that typical for the disease. In our experience there is no difference in time to treatment failure or survival between synchronous and metachronous resection of metastatic disease.

title: Surgical resection of XXXX : The University of Iowa experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Resected lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) agonists are widely used in @entity565 . Approximately 10% of @entity1 have severe, poorly controlled disease despite extensive use of @entity2162 agonists. Variations in responses to @entity2162 agonists can, in part, be attributed to genetic variation, with 49 different polymorphisms having been identified for the @entity2162 gene. Although clear associations exist between @entity2162 gene polymorphisms, such as @entity70699 , and @entity1 response, the importance of these polymorphisms remains controversial. @entity1 selection, the number of polymorphisms analysed, differences in the type/dose of @entity2162 agonist, use of inhaled corticosteroids and population sizes have all varied. Most studies were limited to mild or moderate asthmatics using @entity2162 agonists sparingly. It is difficult to extrapolate from these studies to individual @entity1 who have severe @entity565 , use a variety of @entity2162 agonists and do so frequently. The extent to which @entity2162 gene polymorphisms are relevant to @entity565 management needs further review, both clinically and at the molecular level. In vitro studies have helped to define the functional changes induced by specific @entity2162 gene polymorphisms, including 3'-untranslated region poly-C repeat. The resulting @entity2162 gene haplotypes (rather than genotypes), the interactions among @entity2162 gene haplotypes and variations in the chemistry of different agonists deserve more detailed assessment. Responses to @entity2162 agonists depend on effective downstream signalling following @entity2162 activation and also on receptor regulation. Studies on other regulators of @entity2162 receptor signalling and trafficking may be equally important in understanding the functional role of @entity2162 gene polymorphisms. The role of @entity2162 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis and management of severe @entity565 cannot be clearly defined until more specific and targeted research studies are performed.

title: Pharmacogenetics of b2 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms, long-acting b-agonists and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['Adrenergic b2 receptor', 'ADRb2']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The use of @entity172 or hormone replacement therapy ( @entity18437 /HRT) in preventing disease in menopausal @entity1 has been well documented. Less attention has been paid to the menopausal symptoms that can impair the quality of life of menopausal @entity1 , such as hot flushes, @entity25 , @entity250 , and alterations in mood. Researchers have used a variety of methods to investigate these concerns. @entity43 that occur with menopause have been implicated in these symptoms. Ovarian hormones affect the central nervous system and urogenital tissues directly via receptors for @entity172 , @entity1420 , and @entity3800 . Changes in the symptoms of menopause consequential to @entity172 therapy reflect the effect of this therapy on these tissues. Evidence supporting the effectiveness of @entity18437 /HRT in the treatment of symptoms affecting quality of life is growing and supports the use of @entity18437 /HRT during menopause. Because the most dramatic hormonal changes associated with menopause are related to @entity172 and because @entity172 is usually coadministered with a progestogen in @entity1 with an intact uterus, this review is focused primarily on @entity18437 /HRT. Because @entity342 therapy may also improve quality of life by enhancing perimenopausal and postmenopausal sexual desire, function, and general well-being, a brief discussion of @entity342 supplementation of @entity18437 /HRT is also included. The ideal doses and combinations of hormones must be determined on an individual basis, taking into consideration benefits, risks, and interactions of the different hormone therapies.

title: Quality of life and menopause: the role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Decreases in ovarian hormones']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity263 is frequently associated with new bone formation although the @entity5 -derived factors responsible for changes in bone cell function have not been identified. We have examined the synthesis of osteoblast-stimulating factors in a cultured @entity1 @entity263 cell line (PC-3) and show that conditioned medium from PC-3 cells stimulate mitogenesis and alkaline phosphatase in cells with the osteoblast phenotype (cultured @entity35 @entity421 cells) and collagen synthesis in fetal @entity35 calvaria. In order to characterize @entity5 -derived gene products which stimulate cells of the osteoblast phenotype messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from PC-3 cells and microinjected into @entity1238 oocytes. mRNA-directed translation products which were secreted into the oocyte medium were collected and assayed for a number of osteoblast stimulating properties. Translation products from PC-3 mRNA-injected oocytes stimulated division of cultured @entity421 cells by 8-fold and increased DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of @entity665 into these cells. In addition, @entity5 -derived translation products stimulated the production of alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme for bone formation, in cultured @entity421 cells. Oocytes injected either with water or with mRNA from a @entity5 not associated with bone formation were devoid of these activities. Total mRNA from the @entity1 @entity263 cells was then denatured and fractionated by size by agarose gel electrophoresis. When individual fractions of mRNA were eluted from the gel, translated in @entity1238 oocytes, and the secreted translation products were tested for alkaline phosphatase-stimulating activity on osteoblast-like cells, the majority of the activity could be recovered in a mRNA fraction which was approximately 1800 bases in length. These results indicate that the @entity263 cell line synthesizes a mRNA of approximately 1800 bases which codes for a heretofore unrecognized osteoblast-stimulating factor.

title: Identification of a messenger ribonucleic acid fraction in @entity1 XXXX cells coding for a novel osteoblast-stimulating factor.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'PC-3 prostatic cancer', 'Prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: @entity263 is frequently associated with new bone formation although the @entity5 -derived factors responsible for changes in bone cell function have not been identified. We have examined the synthesis of osteoblast-stimulating factors in a cultured @entity1 @entity263 cell line (PC-3) and show that conditioned medium from PC-3 cells stimulate mitogenesis and alkaline phosphatase in cells with the osteoblast phenotype (cultured @entity35 @entity421 cells) and collagen synthesis in fetal @entity35 calvaria. In order to characterize @entity5 -derived gene products which stimulate cells of the osteoblast phenotype messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from PC-3 cells and microinjected into @entity1238 oocytes. mRNA-directed translation products which were secreted into the oocyte medium were collected and assayed for a number of osteoblast stimulating properties. Translation products from PC-3 mRNA-injected oocytes stimulated division of cultured @entity421 cells by 8-fold and increased DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of @entity665 into these cells. In addition, @entity5 -derived translation products stimulated the production of alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme for bone formation, in cultured @entity421 cells. Oocytes injected either with water or with mRNA from a @entity5 not associated with bone formation were devoid of these activities. Total mRNA from the @entity1 @entity263 cells was then denatured and fractionated by size by agarose gel electrophoresis. When individual fractions of mRNA were eluted from the gel, translated in @entity1238 oocytes, and the secreted translation products were tested for alkaline phosphatase-stimulating activity on osteoblast-like cells, the majority of the activity could be recovered in a mRNA fraction which was approximately 1800 bases in length. These results indicate that the @entity263 cell line synthesizes a mRNA of approximately 1800 bases which codes for a heretofore unrecognized osteoblast-stimulating factor.

title: Identification of a messenger ribonucleic acid fraction in XXXX @entity263 cells coding for a novel osteoblast-stimulating factor.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation of bone @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 and to determine the diagnostic value of imaging techniques and markers of bone metabolism. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on the entire group of @entity1 with @entity5 treated in our hospital from January 1992 to May 1999. Only @entity1 with metastasized @entity5 were included. RESULTS: Eleven of 90 @entity1 (12%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5%-19%) with a metastasized @entity5 had symptomatic bone @entity3 . All bone @entity3 occurred in 55 @entity1 with @entity4303 (20%; 95% CI, 9%-31%). Plain radiography had a sensitivity of 44% (95% CI, 12%-76%); MRI, 100% (95% CI, 61%-100%); bone scintigraphy, 90% (95% CI, 72%-100%); and octreotide scintigraphy, 60% (95% CI, 35%-93%). In 9 @entity1 , both octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy were performed. Of 45 @entity79 , 22 (49%) were visualized by both modalities, 13 (29%) were visualized with octreotide scintigraphy but not with bone scintigraphy, and 10 (22%) were visualized with bone scintigraphy but not with octreotide scintigraphy. In 2 @entity1 , octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy provided complementary results. Markers of bone metabolism could not discriminate @entity4303 @entity1 from those without bone @entity3 . The markers of bone metabolism did not reflect the osteolytic or osteoblastic appearance of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity158 is the principal symptom of bone @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Plain radiography and markers of bone metabolism do not contribute to the diagnosis of bone @entity3 . MRI has a high sensitivity for bone @entity3 . Both bone scintigraphy and octreotide scintigraphy have acceptable sensitivity and can provide complementary results.

title: Bone XXXX in @entity5 : clinical features, imaging characteristics, and markers of bone metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['midgut carcinoids', 'carcinoid']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation of bone @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 and to determine the diagnostic value of imaging techniques and markers of bone metabolism. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on the entire group of @entity1 with @entity5 treated in our hospital from January 1992 to May 1999. Only @entity1 with metastasized @entity5 were included. RESULTS: Eleven of 90 @entity1 (12%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5%-19%) with a metastasized @entity5 had symptomatic bone @entity3 . All bone @entity3 occurred in 55 @entity1 with @entity4303 (20%; 95% CI, 9%-31%). Plain radiography had a sensitivity of 44% (95% CI, 12%-76%); MRI, 100% (95% CI, 61%-100%); bone scintigraphy, 90% (95% CI, 72%-100%); and octreotide scintigraphy, 60% (95% CI, 35%-93%). In 9 @entity1 , both octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy were performed. Of 45 @entity79 , 22 (49%) were visualized by both modalities, 13 (29%) were visualized with octreotide scintigraphy but not with bone scintigraphy, and 10 (22%) were visualized with bone scintigraphy but not with octreotide scintigraphy. In 2 @entity1 , octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy provided complementary results. Markers of bone metabolism could not discriminate @entity4303 @entity1 from those without bone @entity3 . The markers of bone metabolism did not reflect the osteolytic or osteoblastic appearance of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity158 is the principal symptom of bone @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Plain radiography and markers of bone metabolism do not contribute to the diagnosis of bone @entity3 . MRI has a high sensitivity for bone @entity3 . Both bone scintigraphy and octreotide scintigraphy have acceptable sensitivity and can provide complementary results.

title: Bone @entity3 in XXXX : clinical features, imaging characteristics, and markers of bone metabolism.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['carcinoid tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports on the treatment of a @entity572 due to developmental @entity1141 have documented conflicting data on the importance of the ossific nucleus in the development of @entity39 . @entity353 until the ossific nucleus is present bypasses the time-period of maximal osseous remodeling of the hip, thereby possibly increasing the need for future operations. We hypothesized that hips with an ossific nucleus are more likely to have subsequent reconstructive procedures. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records at two tertiary-care @entity1 's hospitals was completed to identify all @entity1 who had had reduction of a @entity572 due to developmental @entity1141 , performed between 1979 and 1993, when they were less than two years old. @entity1 were excluded if the medical records or radiographs were inadequate, the duration of follow-up was less than three years after the final reduction, a previous reduction had been performed at an outside facility, or the @entity1 had a @entity4094 or a teratologic dislocation. We identified 124 @entity1 (153 hips) who satisfied the criteria for inclusion. The average age at the time of the reduction was eleven months, and the average duration of follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS: Overall, fourteen of the sixty-three hips without an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: thirteen had a @entity717 of the proximal part of the femur and one had a combined pelvic and varus rotational femoral osteotomy. Forty of the ninety hips with an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: twenty-seven had a @entity717 , eight had a pelvic osteotomy, and five had a combined pelvic and @entity717 (p < 0.05). In addition, secondary reconstructive procedures were performed in 17% (ten) of the fifty-nine @entity1 who were less than six months old and in 35% (thirty-three) of the ninety-four @entity1 who were at least six months old, which was a greater than twofold increase. The effect of age was further emphasized at the other age cutoff points. CONCLUSION: Delaying the reduction of a dislocated hip until the appearance of the ossific nucleus more than doubles the need for future surgery to make the hip as anatomically normal as possible. Despite finding a slight increase in the rate of @entity39 after reduction of the hips without an ossific nucleus, we advocate early reduction of a dislocation of a hip due to developmental @entity1141 to optimize the development of the hip with the minimum number of operations

title: Reduction of a XXXX due to developmental @entity1141 . Implications for the need for future surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Delaying reduction']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['postreduction ischemic necrosis', 'ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the hip']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['varus rotational osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['dislocation of the hip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports on the treatment of a @entity572 due to developmental @entity1141 have documented conflicting data on the importance of the ossific nucleus in the development of @entity39 . @entity353 until the ossific nucleus is present bypasses the time-period of maximal osseous remodeling of the hip, thereby possibly increasing the need for future operations. We hypothesized that hips with an ossific nucleus are more likely to have subsequent reconstructive procedures. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records at two tertiary-care @entity1 's hospitals was completed to identify all @entity1 who had had reduction of a @entity572 due to developmental @entity1141 , performed between 1979 and 1993, when they were less than two years old. @entity1 were excluded if the medical records or radiographs were inadequate, the duration of follow-up was less than three years after the final reduction, a previous reduction had been performed at an outside facility, or the @entity1 had a @entity4094 or a teratologic dislocation. We identified 124 @entity1 (153 hips) who satisfied the criteria for inclusion. The average age at the time of the reduction was eleven months, and the average duration of follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS: Overall, fourteen of the sixty-three hips without an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: thirteen had a @entity717 of the proximal part of the femur and one had a combined pelvic and varus rotational femoral osteotomy. Forty of the ninety hips with an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: twenty-seven had a @entity717 , eight had a pelvic osteotomy, and five had a combined pelvic and @entity717 (p < 0.05). In addition, secondary reconstructive procedures were performed in 17% (ten) of the fifty-nine @entity1 who were less than six months old and in 35% (thirty-three) of the ninety-four @entity1 who were at least six months old, which was a greater than twofold increase. The effect of age was further emphasized at the other age cutoff points. CONCLUSION: Delaying the reduction of a dislocated hip until the appearance of the ossific nucleus more than doubles the need for future surgery to make the hip as anatomically normal as possible. Despite finding a slight increase in the rate of @entity39 after reduction of the hips without an ossific nucleus, we advocate early reduction of a dislocation of a hip due to developmental @entity1141 to optimize the development of the hip with the minimum number of operations

title: Reduction of a @entity572 due to developmental XXXX . Implications for the need for future surgery.

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intermediate outcome of @entity174 of the tibial plafond treated with current techniques has not been reported, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study, performed at a minimum of five years after injury, was to determine the effect of these @entity174 on ankle function, @entity158 , and general health status and to determine which factors predict favorable and unfavorable outcomes. METHODS: Fifty-six ankles (fifty-two @entity1 ) with a @entity174 were treated with a uniform technique consisting of application of a monolateral hinged transarticular external fixator coupled with screw fixation of the articular surface. Thirty-one @entity1 with thirty-five involved ankles returned between five and twelve years after the injury for a physical examination, assessment of @entity158 and function with the Iowa Ankle Score and Ankle @entity571 Scale, assessment of general health status with the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and radiographic examination of the ankle. RESULTS: Arthrodesis had been performed on five of the forty ankles for which the outcome was known at a minimum of five years after the injury. Other than removal of prominent screws (two @entity1 ), no other surgical procedure had been performed on any @entity1 . The average Iowa Ankle Score was 78 points (range, 28 to 96 points). The scores on the SF-36 and Ankle @entity571 Scale demonstrated a long-term negative effect of the injury on general health and on @entity158 and function when compared with those parameters in age-matched controls. The degree of @entity571 was grade 0 in three ankles, grade 1 in six, grade 2 in twenty, and grade 3 in six. The majority of @entity1 had some limitation with regard to recreational activities, with an inability to run being the most common complaint (twenty-seven of the thirty-one @entity1 ). Fourteen @entity1 changed jobs because of the @entity3681 . Fifteen ankles were rated by the @entity1 as excellent; ten, as good; seven, as fair; and one, as poor. Nine @entity1 with previously recorded ankle scores had better scores after the longer follow-up interval. The @entity1 perceived that their condition had improved for an average of 2.4 years after the injury. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity174 have an intermediate-term negative effect on ankle function and @entity158 and on general health, few @entity1 require secondary reconstructive procedures and symptoms tend to decrease for a long time after healing.

title: XXXX . How do these ankles function over time?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial plafond fracture', 'tibial plafond fractures']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ankle pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Tibial plafond fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Animal models are a useful tool for the evaluation of disease mechanisms and also for technologies for diagnosis and treatment. In this study we performed a descriptive analysis of the functional and structural cardiac changes occurred as a result of acute @entity1563 in @entity1707 and its evolution during 5 weeks. METHODS: 19-Large White @entity1707 , weighing 20kg, randomized into 3-experimental series were used. After sternotomy, anterior descending coronary artery was occluded. Duration of occlusion: Series 1 (n=6) 60min; series 2 (n=8) 90min; series 3 (n=5) 60min followed for 5 weeks. The following parameters where then analyzed: global cardiac function (ECG, left ventricular and atrium pressures, aortic flow and @entity299 ), regional contractility, troponin T and CK-MB levels, macroscopic and histological analyzes. RESULTS: @entity1563 transiently altered the global cardiac function and produced increased cell damage markers, impaired regional contractility and produced histological changes. The increment of ischemic time (60 vs. 90min) increased @entity1188 size (13.4  5.4% vs. 22.9  7.8 S1 S2%; P=.04). After 5 weeks, morphological remodelling changes were evident. In 79% of cases @entity63 triggered @entity2224 . CONCLUSION: The porcine open chest model of @entity583 and reperfusion is valid for studying the pathophysiology of @entity63 , allows direct analysis of regional myocardial function and is easily retrievable in the event of serious @entity943 .

title: [Comparative study of functional and structural changes produced in a porcine model of acute and chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'coronary ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary occlusion', 'coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac echocardiography']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart attack']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the results of a minimally invasive technique for correcting female stress urinary @entity322 by transvaginal implantation of pubic bone anchors. @entity1 AND METHODS: Female stress urinary @entity322 was treated by fixing a gelatin-coated Dacron sling between two miniature @entity702 anchors with Prolene sutures. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 (median age 57.2 years) underwent the sling procedure. The follow-up examination was performed after 11.4 months on average. @entity3142 showed a median improvement from grade 2 to grade 0.5 (p = 0.01), although only 16 of the 26 @entity1 were completely continent. Urethral pressure and functional length were not significantly influenced. @entity73 was seen in 14 of the 26 @entity1 (53.8%), and 13 of them underwent revision. All @entity1 affected (15/26, 57.7%) as well as 1 with uneventful healing showed sensory urge symptoms or detrusor instability (7/26, 26.9%). The correlation between @entity73 and detrusor instability was highly significant (p < 0.003). 17 of the 26 @entity1 (65.3%) were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the intervention. The unfavorable results did not significantly correlate with the @entity1 ' age, the number of previous operations, or the surgeon's skill. CONCLUSION: In view of the poor vaginal wound healing and the resultant irritative symptoms, transvaginal bone anchoring with fixation of a Dacron sling must be regarded as an unsuitable technique.

title: Transvaginal bone anchors in female stress urinary XXXX : poor results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing', 'Impaired vaginal wound healing']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['Stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) of the pelvis, attempting to identify prognostic factors to select @entity1 for more aggressive treatment. Seventy-seven @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity2828 of the pelvis were treated at Rizzoli Institute between 1979 and 1996. Four different protocols of chemotherapy were used successively. Two protocols consisted of VACAc, and two of VACAc plus @entity1260 and @entity2879 . Local treatment consisted of surgery in 5 @entity1 , radiotherapy in 60, and surgery followed by radiotherapy in 12. Mean follow-up was 11 years (range 5-25 years). Thirty-three @entity1 remained continuously free of disease; 43 relapsed (24 due to @entity3 and 19 to local recurrence and @entity3 ); 1 died of treatment-related complications. The 5- and 10-year event-free survival rates were 45% and 44%, respectively, and the 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 48 and 44. These results are significantly worse than the ones achieved in 329 contemporary @entity1 with extrapelvic lesions treated with the same protocols of chemotherapy (5- and 10-year event-free survival = 46% vs. 64% and 44% vs. 69%). Thus, despite associated chemotherapy, the outcome of @entity2828 localized in the pelvis remains poor, and new innovative methods for the treatment of this @entity5 are needed.

title: Multimodal therapy for the treatment of nonmetastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing sarcoma of pelvis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 due to chronic soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder is a commonly encountered and frequently occurring condition. Traditional Chinese medicine is a common course of treatment for soft tissue injury and may have better therapeutic effects than biomedical options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine warming meridians to nourish blood on @entity1118 due to soft tissue injury in the neck and shoulder. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: A random and control method was adopted. Sixty-three @entity1 with @entity4048 and shoulder due to chronic soft tissue injury, presenting with @entity1503 and @entity3459 , were randomly divided into treatment group (n=32) and control group (n=31). There was a drop-out case in treatment group. All the @entity1 were collected from the clinic service of the Department of Rehabilitation at the General Hospital of the @entity1 's Liberation Army. @entity1 received oral and written information about clinical procedures before signing their written informed consent. @entity1 in the treatment group were treated with Chinese herbal decoctions for warming meridians to nourish blood and cervical traction. @entity1 in the control group were treated with cervical traction. The course of treatment was 14 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record test data in the two groups before and after treatment, and therapeutic effect was compared after treatment between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, VAS scores of the treatment group and the control group were decreased as compared with before treatment (t=5.01, P<0.01; t=4.91, P<0.01). Difference of VAS scores between before and after treatment in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (t=2.44, P0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment method of warming meridians to nourish blood combined with cervical traction has better therapeutic effect than only applying traction for @entity1118 due to soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder.

title: [A traditional Chinese medicine therapy warming meridians to nourish blood in treating XXXX due to soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder: a randomized controlled trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['cold coagulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['pain of the neck']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the role of endoscopic surgery for acquired @entity16453 after radiotherapy for @entity189 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with bilateral or unilateral acquired @entity16453 received transnasal endoscopic surgery with the aid of a powered microdebrider to open @entity1146 choana and received endoscopic sinus surgery simultaneously if they had @entity1244 . Merocel @entity1415 packing was used to pack the nasal airway for 3 days postoperatively. All of the @entity1 underwent endoscopy regularly for follow-up. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 with acquired bilateral @entity16453 and 6 with unilateral @entity16453 were included in this study. The median age was 46 years old (range, 33-65 years). Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity1244 . Sixteen @entity1 with bilateral @entity16453 and 4 @entity1 with unilateral @entity1146 had bilateral @entity1244 . One @entity1 with unilateral @entity1146 had ipsilateral @entity1244 . The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range, 12-72 months) after surgery. Twenty @entity1 were symptom-free after a single operation; nasal obstruction, @entity5254 , and @entity2133 improved significantly for these @entity1 . Two @entity1 had unilateral restenosis that required revision surgery, and both were subsequently free from further restenosis. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Acquired posterior @entity16453 after radiotherapy can be successfully treated with transnasal endoscopic resection assisted by a powered instrument without stenting.

title: Endoscopic surgery for acquired @entity16453 after radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the role of endoscopic surgery for acquired @entity16453 after radiotherapy for @entity189 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with bilateral or unilateral acquired @entity16453 received transnasal endoscopic surgery with the aid of a powered microdebrider to open @entity1146 choana and received endoscopic sinus surgery simultaneously if they had @entity1244 . Merocel @entity1415 packing was used to pack the nasal airway for 3 days postoperatively. All of the @entity1 underwent endoscopy regularly for follow-up. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 with acquired bilateral @entity16453 and 6 with unilateral @entity16453 were included in this study. The median age was 46 years old (range, 33-65 years). Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity1244 . Sixteen @entity1 with bilateral @entity16453 and 4 @entity1 with unilateral @entity1146 had bilateral @entity1244 . One @entity1 with unilateral @entity1146 had ipsilateral @entity1244 . The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range, 12-72 months) after surgery. Twenty @entity1 were symptom-free after a single operation; nasal obstruction, @entity5254 , and @entity2133 improved significantly for these @entity1 . Two @entity1 had unilateral restenosis that required revision surgery, and both were subsequently free from further restenosis. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Acquired posterior @entity16453 after radiotherapy can be successfully treated with transnasal endoscopic resection assisted by a powered instrument without stenting.

title: Endoscopic surgery for acquired XXXX after radiotherapy for @entity189 .

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between resting @entity7493 (REE) and body composition in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: University Research Centre. SUBJECTS: Nine Duchenne @entity1 (age range 6-12 y), mean relative weight 128%, agreed to undergo the investigation and all of them completed the study; INTERVENTIONS: Assessment of body composition (total body fat and skeletal muscle mass) by magnetic resonance imaging and resting @entity7493 by indirect calorimetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fat mass (FM; kg and percentage weight), @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ; kg and percentage weight), muscle mass (kg and percentage weight), resting @entity7493 (kJ/kg body weight and kJ/kg @entity1386 ). RESULTS: : In Duchenne @entity1 fat mass averages 32% and total skeletal muscle mass 20% of body weight. Resting @entity7493 per kg of body weight falls within the normal range for @entity1 of the same age range, while when expressed per kg of @entity1386 is significantly higher than reference values. No relationship was found between REE and total skeletal muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not demonstrate a low REE in @entity1555 @entity1 ; on the contrary REE per kg of @entity1386 is higher than normal, probably due to the altered @entity1386 composition. We suggest that the development of @entity28 in @entity1555 @entity1 is not primarily due to a low REE but to other causes such as a reduction in physical activity and or overfeeding.

title: Body composition and XXXX in @entity1555 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['energy expenditure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass', 'FFM']

answer: @entity7493 :: (MESH:D011502,Disease) :: ['energy expenditure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between resting @entity7493 (REE) and body composition in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: University Research Centre. SUBJECTS: Nine Duchenne @entity1 (age range 6-12 y), mean relative weight 128%, agreed to undergo the investigation and all of them completed the study; INTERVENTIONS: Assessment of body composition (total body fat and skeletal muscle mass) by magnetic resonance imaging and resting @entity7493 by indirect calorimetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fat mass (FM; kg and percentage weight), @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ; kg and percentage weight), muscle mass (kg and percentage weight), resting @entity7493 (kJ/kg body weight and kJ/kg @entity1386 ). RESULTS: : In Duchenne @entity1 fat mass averages 32% and total skeletal muscle mass 20% of body weight. Resting @entity7493 per kg of body weight falls within the normal range for @entity1 of the same age range, while when expressed per kg of @entity1386 is significantly higher than reference values. No relationship was found between REE and total skeletal muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not demonstrate a low REE in @entity1555 @entity1 ; on the contrary REE per kg of @entity1386 is higher than normal, probably due to the altered @entity1386 composition. We suggest that the development of @entity28 in @entity1555 @entity1 is not primarily due to a low REE but to other causes such as a reduction in physical activity and or overfeeding.

title: Body composition and @entity7493 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: We have extended our previous analysis of the pedigree rate of control-region divergence in the @entity1 mitochondrial genome. One new germline mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was detected among 185 transmission events (generations) from five @entity3054 ( @entity3054 ) pedigrees. Pooling the @entity3054 pedigree analyses yields a control-region divergence rate of 1.0 mutation/bp/10(6) years ( @entity17054 ). When the results from eight published studies that used a similar approach were pooled with the @entity3054 pedigree studies, totaling >2,600 transmission events, a pedigree divergence rate of 0.95 mutations/bp/ @entity17054 for the control region was obtained with a 99.5% confidence interval of 0.53-1.57. Taken together, the cumulative results support the original conclusion that the pedigree divergence rate for the control region is approximately 10-fold higher than that obtained with phylogenetic analyses. There is no evidence that any one factor explains this discrepancy, and the possible roles of mutational hotspots (rate heterogeneity), selection, and random genetic drift and the limitations of phylogenetic approaches to deal with high levels of homoplasy are discussed. In addition, we have extended our pedigree analysis of divergence in the mtDNA coding region. Finally, divergence of complete mtDNA sequences was analyzed in two tissues, white blood cells and skeletal muscle, from each of 17 individuals. In three of these individuals, there were four instances in which an mtDNA mutation was found in one tissue but not in the other. These results are discussed in terms of the occurrence of somatic mtDNA mutations.

title: The pedigree rate of sequence divergence in the XXXX mitochondrial genome: there is a difference between phylogenetic and pedigree rates.

entities_list: @entity3054 :: ('MESH:D029242', 'Disease') :: ['LHON', 'Leber hereditary optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Previously we found that serum @entity251 (serum-T) correlated with the development of distant @entity3 in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 treated with radiotherapy. In this report, the relationship of serum-T to lymph node positivity and to @entity1 outcome for @entity1 with regional lymph node involvement treated with @entity342 ablation alone was investigated. Serum-T was available in 514 of 854 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy at M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center between 1984 and 1993. Pretreatment prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity1486 (PSA) were assayed in 98% and 95% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity342 ablation was achieved via orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist. Median follow-up was 66 months for the node positive subgroup (n = 92). Serum-T did not correlate with palpable stage, Gleason score, pretreatment PSA, or lymph node involvement. Age     60 years and pretreatment PAP > 0.8 mU/ml correlated significantly with higher serum-T. In lymph node positive @entity1 treated with @entity342 ablation, higher serum-T levels corresponded to both pretreatment PSA > 10 ng/ml and @entity2786 > 0.8 mU/ml. Serum-T predicted for biochemical failure, but not metastatic relapse or overall survival. Actuarial 5-year biochemical failure rate was 73% for serum T > 500 ng/dl and 57% for serum-T  <= 500 (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis showed serum-T to be an independent correlate of rising PSA, both as a continuous (p = 0.001) or categorical (p = 0.037) variable. Serum-T did not significantly correlate with lymph node positivity, and therefore is not a marker for regional disease spread. However, serum-T was significantly associated with biochemical failure in node-positive @entity1 treated with @entity342 ablation alone.

title: Serum XXXX is not a correlate of prostate @entity5 , but does predict biochemical failure for lymph node positive disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: Previously we found that serum @entity251 (serum-T) correlated with the development of distant @entity3 in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 treated with radiotherapy. In this report, the relationship of serum-T to lymph node positivity and to @entity1 outcome for @entity1 with regional lymph node involvement treated with @entity342 ablation alone was investigated. Serum-T was available in 514 of 854 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy at M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center between 1984 and 1993. Pretreatment prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity1486 (PSA) were assayed in 98% and 95% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity342 ablation was achieved via orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist. Median follow-up was 66 months for the node positive subgroup (n = 92). Serum-T did not correlate with palpable stage, Gleason score, pretreatment PSA, or lymph node involvement. Age     60 years and pretreatment PAP > 0.8 mU/ml correlated significantly with higher serum-T. In lymph node positive @entity1 treated with @entity342 ablation, higher serum-T levels corresponded to both pretreatment PSA > 10 ng/ml and @entity2786 > 0.8 mU/ml. Serum-T predicted for biochemical failure, but not metastatic relapse or overall survival. Actuarial 5-year biochemical failure rate was 73% for serum T > 500 ng/dl and 57% for serum-T  <= 500 (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis showed serum-T to be an independent correlate of rising PSA, both as a continuous (p = 0.001) or categorical (p = 0.037) variable. Serum-T did not significantly correlate with lymph node positivity, and therefore is not a marker for regional disease spread. However, serum-T was significantly associated with biochemical failure in node-positive @entity1 treated with @entity342 ablation alone.

title: Serum @entity251 is not a correlate of prostate XXXX , but does predict biochemical failure for lymph node positive disease.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer lymph node involvement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term intraarticular (IA) @entity134 injections for knee @entity158 related to @entity571 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind trial, 68 @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee received IA injections of @entity2995 40 mg (34 @entity1 ) or saline (34 @entity1 ) into the study knee every 3 months for up to 2 years. The primary outcome variable was radiologic progression of joint space narrowing of the injected knee after 2 years. Measurements of minimum joint space width were performed by an automated computerized method on standardized fluoroscopically guided radiographs taken with the @entity1 standing and with the knee in a semiflexed position. The clinical efficacy measure of primary interest was the @entity158 subscale from the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC). Efficacy measures of secondary interest were the total score on the WOMAC, physician's global assessment, @entity1 's global assessment, @entity1 's assessment of @entity158 , range of motion (ROM) of the affected knee, and 50-foot walking time. Clinical symptoms were assessed just before each injection. RESULTS: At the 1-year and 2-year followup evaluations, no difference was noted between the two treatment groups with respect to loss of joint space over time. The @entity134 -injected knees showed a trend toward greater symptom improvement, especially at 1 year, for the @entity158 subscale, night @entity158 , and ROM values (P = 0.05) compared with the saline-injected knees. Using area under the curve analyses, knee @entity158 and stiffness were significantly improved throughout the 2-year study by repeated injections of @entity2995 , but not saline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the long-term safety of IA @entity134 injections for @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 . No deleterious effects of the long-term administration of IA @entity230 on the anatomical structure of the knee were noted. Moreover, long-term treatment of knee @entity571 with repeated @entity134 injections appears to be clinically effective for the relief of symptoms of the disease.

title: Safety and efficacy of long-term intraarticular XXXX injections in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['WOMAC pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']