abstract: 136 @entity1 were followed after implantation a @entity3603 pacemaker (PM) for a total of 1,919 @entity1 -months (m = 14.1 months/ @entity1 ). 22/136 @entity1 had one or more episodes of @entity955 (AF) postoperatively. In 121/136 @entity1 (group A) AF had not been documented before, in 4 it was unknown at the time of implantation, but was verified retrospectively (group B). 11 @entity1 (group C) had a positive history of previous AF. Post implantation 7.4% in group A and 81.8% in group C developed AF. In @entity1 with @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) the incidence was 10/37 (27%), in those with @entity713 (AV) 6/77 (7.8%) and in cases with both @entity1817 and AV 6/22 (27.3%). The first AF episode occurred during the implantation itself (n = 2) or during the hospital course in 9/22 @entity1 (A: 11%, B/C: 64% early attacks), and later on in 13 with a time delay of 1-24 months (m = 8.5, 8 @entity1 ) in group A and 2-15 months (m = 6.6, 4 @entity1 ) in groups B/C. 2 @entity1 of group C had no AF episodes post implantation. In the individual @entity1 the number of attacks ranged from 1 to 3 (10.4/100 @entity1 -months) in group A and from 1 to 6 (20.1/100 @entity1 -months) in groups B/C. During AF 16/22 @entity1 had a ventricular rate of 110-185, m = 132 bpm. In 6 @entity1 the @entity591 was mediated by the PM and in 10 by fast intrinsic AV conduction. 1 @entity1 with @entity1817 , 2 with @entity1817 + AV (spontaneous ventricular rate less than 45 bpm) and 3 with AV needed ventricular backup-pacing during AF. In 7 @entity1 a total of 15 attacks of @entity956 could be terminated by atrial overdrive pacing, in 5 of these episodes by temporary high rate A00 stimulation via the implanted pacemaker lead system. Otherwise AF was converted to sinus rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs. After termination AF often recurred, but only 3 @entity1 developed chronic @entity955 . In 2 @entity1 a ventricular rate greater than 180 bpm during AF reverted the PM to asynchronous mode, a possible cause of @entity2224 in one. No other complications due to the PM itself have been encountered. AF, therefore, common during @entity3603 pacing, even in @entity1 without any AF history before implant. Both the incidence and the recurrence of AF depend on the presence or absence of previous @entity943 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ @entity956 and @entity955 by XXXX stimulation].

answer: @entity3603 :: (MESH:C562924,Disease) :: ['DDD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thyroid autoantibodies (TA) and thyroid ultrasonography are widely used in the diagnosis of @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ). However, we know little of the significance of having @entity854 ( @entity854 ) without having any other signs of @entity1669 . In a previous population-based study of 105 young @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) we found a high prevalence (42%) of @entity854 . In the present study we evaluate the development of both @entity854 and TA in a 3-Year follow-up of this cohort. DESIGN: Of the 105 previously investigated @entity1 and adolescents with T1DM (aged 5-21 Years), 101 were re-examined. Serum concentrations of @entity1954 (T(3)), @entity1955 (T(4)), TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tgab), as well as thyroid size and morphology were determined in all @entity1 . RESULTS: During the 3 Years follow-up period, the prevalence of @entity1374 increased from 5 to 8%, the prevalence of TPOab was unchanged at 13%, while the prevalence of Tgab decreased from 14 to 7%. The prevalence of @entity854 increased from 42 to 49%. Most @entity1 presented @entity854 at both examinations. @entity1 with @entity854 had a higher prevalence of TA than those without @entity854 (P=0.038) and higher serum levels of TSH (P=0.027). All @entity1 with @entity1374 presented with @entity854 . However, many @entity1 with @entity854 had no other signs of @entity1669 . CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity1374 , TA and thyroid @entity854 were found in young @entity1 with T1DM. Thyroid @entity854 was a sensitive but non-specific marker of @entity1669 and is therefore unsuitable for screening purposes. Instead, we recommend regular screening using serum TSH in the follow-up of young @entity6 @entity1 .

title: A prospective study of thyroid function, morphology and autoimmunity in young @entity1 with type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['USabn', 'ultrasonographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thyroid autoantibodies (TA) and thyroid ultrasonography are widely used in the diagnosis of @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ). However, we know little of the significance of having @entity854 ( @entity854 ) without having any other signs of @entity1669 . In a previous population-based study of 105 young @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) we found a high prevalence (42%) of @entity854 . In the present study we evaluate the development of both @entity854 and TA in a 3-Year follow-up of this cohort. DESIGN: Of the 105 previously investigated @entity1 and adolescents with T1DM (aged 5-21 Years), 101 were re-examined. Serum concentrations of @entity1954 (T(3)), @entity1955 (T(4)), TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tgab), as well as thyroid size and morphology were determined in all @entity1 . RESULTS: During the 3 Years follow-up period, the prevalence of @entity1374 increased from 5 to 8%, the prevalence of TPOab was unchanged at 13%, while the prevalence of Tgab decreased from 14 to 7%. The prevalence of @entity854 increased from 42 to 49%. Most @entity1 presented @entity854 at both examinations. @entity1 with @entity854 had a higher prevalence of TA than those without @entity854 (P=0.038) and higher serum levels of TSH (P=0.027). All @entity1 with @entity1374 presented with @entity854 . However, many @entity1 with @entity854 had no other signs of @entity1669 . CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity1374 , TA and thyroid @entity854 were found in young @entity1 with T1DM. Thyroid @entity854 was a sensitive but non-specific marker of @entity1669 and is therefore unsuitable for screening purposes. Instead, we recommend regular screening using serum TSH in the follow-up of young @entity6 @entity1 .

title: A prospective study of thyroid function, morphology and autoimmunity in young XXXX with type 1 @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to semi-quantitatively analyze stromal cell apoptosis, stromal cell proliferation, and myofibroblast generation over time points from 4hr to 3 months in @entity95 eyes having photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomeliusis (LASIK). @entity39 and @entity32 were also studied. PRK for @entity1714 (-4.5diopters [D]), PRK for @entity1714 (-9.0D), and LASIK for @entity1714 (-9.0D) were performed in @entity95 eyes, and corneas were obtained for examination at 4, 24, and 72hr, 1 and 4 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. A total of 144 @entity95 were included in the study. Stromal cell apoptosis, proliferation, and myofibroblast generation were evaluated semi-quantitatively by TUNEL assay, immunocytochemical analysis of Ki67, and immunocytochemical analysis of @entity9977 , respectively. @entity39 and characteristics of other cell types in the stroma were evaluated by electron microscopy. Keratocyte apoptosis and the subsequent proliferation and generation of myofibroblasts were qualitatively and quantitatively different in PRK for @entity1714 compared to either PRK for @entity1714 or LASIK for @entity1714 . @entity39 becomes a significant form of cell death by 24hr after injury and may involve corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and inflammatory cells. Large numbers of polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes invade the @entity267 by 24hr after surgery and persist for over 1 week. The qualitative and quantitative differences in the cellular wound healing response after PRK for high and @entity1714 and LASIK for @entity1714 are likely determinants of the clinical differences in refractive outcome and some of the complications, such as regression and haze, seen after these procedures.

title: Apoptosis, XXXX , proliferation, and myofibroblast generation in the stroma following LASIK and PRK.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Stromal cell necrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['low myopia', 'high myopia']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Among @entity1 with @entity394 ( @entity394 ), vestibular function is nonhomogeneous, both before and after surgical removal of the @entity394 . This paper reports investigations of neural changes, especially changes in the contribution of visual input to vestibular system integration, after @entity394 surgery. METHODS: We examined 33 @entity1 who underwent @entity394 surgery via a middle fossa approach. Static and dynamic subjective visual vertical ( @entity6355 ) was measured once after surgery and compared to those measured in control subjects. SVVs were assessed using a paradigm requiring the subject to manually adjust an image of a bar to the perceived vertical alignment. SVVs were measured when the background was stationary or rotating. RESULTS: In almost all @entity1 , static @entity6355 deviated toward the operated side. In @entity394 subjects, the mean static @entity6355 was 1.8+/-2.2 degrees; the amount of deviation in the dynamic @entity6355 toward the operated side (11.7+/-8.3 degrees ) was significantly larger than that to the intact side (8.8+/-5.5 degrees ). In @entity394 subjects, static @entity6355 was correlated with dynamic @entity6355 only in cases of bar adjustments toward the operated side (R=0.67, P<0.001), but not in cases of adjustments toward the intact, unoperated side. The @entity717 was defined as the mean value of dynamic @entity6355 for adjustments toward either side. There was only a weak correlation between the static @entity6355 and the @entity717 (R=0.31; P<0.05) in the control subjects. On the other hand, a more robust correlation between static @entity6355 and @entity717 was found (R=0.67, P<0.001) in @entity394 subjects. There was no correlation between the static @entity6355 and the deviation of dynamic @entity6355 from static @entity6355 for CCW and CW in control subjects. In contrast, there were significant correlations between static @entity6355 and deviation of dynamic @entity6355 from static @entity6355 for adjustments made toward both operated (r=0.48, P<0.001) and intact sides (r=038, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is assumed that the amount of deviation in static @entity6355 reflects the individual level of compensation. In addition, increased visual dependency evoked a symmetrical bias of the dynamic @entity6355 from the measures at initial @entity6355 assessment (i.e. static @entity6355 or the center of tilt). As a result, we conclude that the contribution of visual inputs had changed after surgery, while at the same time, each @entity1 used their static @entity6355 as their reference point for orientation.

title: Compensatory changes in static and dynamic subjective visual vertical in @entity1 following XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axis of rotation']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwanoma', 'VS']

answer: @entity394 :: (MESH:D015837,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Among @entity1 with @entity394 ( @entity394 ), vestibular function is nonhomogeneous, both before and after surgical removal of the @entity394 . This paper reports investigations of neural changes, especially changes in the contribution of visual input to vestibular system integration, after @entity394 surgery. METHODS: We examined 33 @entity1 who underwent @entity394 surgery via a middle fossa approach. Static and dynamic subjective visual vertical ( @entity6355 ) was measured once after surgery and compared to those measured in control subjects. SVVs were assessed using a paradigm requiring the subject to manually adjust an image of a bar to the perceived vertical alignment. SVVs were measured when the background was stationary or rotating. RESULTS: In almost all @entity1 , static @entity6355 deviated toward the operated side. In @entity394 subjects, the mean static @entity6355 was 1.8+/-2.2 degrees; the amount of deviation in the dynamic @entity6355 toward the operated side (11.7+/-8.3 degrees ) was significantly larger than that to the intact side (8.8+/-5.5 degrees ). In @entity394 subjects, static @entity6355 was correlated with dynamic @entity6355 only in cases of bar adjustments toward the operated side (R=0.67, P<0.001), but not in cases of adjustments toward the intact, unoperated side. The @entity717 was defined as the mean value of dynamic @entity6355 for adjustments toward either side. There was only a weak correlation between the static @entity6355 and the @entity717 (R=0.31; P<0.05) in the control subjects. On the other hand, a more robust correlation between static @entity6355 and @entity717 was found (R=0.67, P<0.001) in @entity394 subjects. There was no correlation between the static @entity6355 and the deviation of dynamic @entity6355 from static @entity6355 for CCW and CW in control subjects. In contrast, there were significant correlations between static @entity6355 and deviation of dynamic @entity6355 from static @entity6355 for adjustments made toward both operated (r=0.48, P<0.001) and intact sides (r=038, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is assumed that the amount of deviation in static @entity6355 reflects the individual level of compensation. In addition, increased visual dependency evoked a symmetrical bias of the dynamic @entity6355 from the measures at initial @entity6355 assessment (i.e. static @entity6355 or the center of tilt). As a result, we conclude that the contribution of visual inputs had changed after surgery, while at the same time, each @entity1 used their static @entity6355 as their reference point for orientation.

title: Compensatory changes in static and dynamic subjective visual vertical in XXXX following @entity394 surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) is a syndrome characterized by @entity10 , low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure without apparent causes for CSF loss, and diffuse pachymeningeal @entity2287 enhancement on cranial MRI. Hearing is affected in some @entity1 with @entity5325 . A case of @entity5325 with @entity392 is reported. A 51-year-old @entity1 developed a severe @entity10 that was almost completely relieved on recumbency. Cranial MRI with @entity2287 infusion showed diffuse enhancement of the dura mater. Radionuclide cisternography demonstrated CSF leaks at the upper and lower thoracic levels. Epidural blood patches at these leak sites alleviated the @entity10 , however, @entity392 and muffled hearing persisted. Initial audiometry was unremarkable; repeat audiometry performed 6 weeks later demonstrated low-frequency @entity393 in the right ear. Continuous epidural saline infusion for 3 consecutive days was performed; auditory symptoms disappeared 4 weeks thereafter. This case illustrates that @entity392 represent @entity551 even in the absence of @entity10 . MRI with @entity2287 infusion should be carried out in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity392 .

title: Orthostatic tinnitus: an otological presentation of spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SIH', 'Spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypotension']


abstract: In vivo brain imaging and postmortem investigations have demonstrated @entity67 in the brains of @entity161 @entity1 . However, the extent of changes in the volume of discrete ventricle subdivisions has not been clearly established. We conducted high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in 40 @entity161 @entity1 (20 males and 20 females) and 40 healthy volunteers (20 males and 20 females). The lateral ventricle in each hemisphere was divided into the anterior horn, body, posterior horn and temporal horn. The volumes of the hemispheres, four subdivisions of the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle were measured. Compared to the control subjects, the bilateral hemisphere volumes were significantly lower in the @entity1 than in the control subjects. In the lateral ventricular subdivisions of the male @entity1 , the most substantial volume increase was in the left temporal horn, and volume increases were also observed in the bilateral anterior horns and the right body. The male @entity1 also had a significantly increased volume of the third ventricle. The female @entity1 showed similar patterns with less statistical significance. Thus, the @entity161 @entity1 @entity67 , particularly in the left temporal horn, being more severely affected in the male than in the female.

title: Quantification of lateral ventricular subdivisions in XXXX by high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement', 'showed ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The relationship between amyloid-beta protein ( @entity15370 ) metabolism and @entity195 is currently poorly understood. While it is well known that the generation of @entity15370 results from enzymatic cleavage of its parent molecule, the amyloid beta protein precursor (AbetaPP), there is little information available regarding its in vivo clearance. The E4 isoform of @entity6970 ( @entity6970 ) has been associated with poor clearance of @entity15370 under in vitro conditions. This is thought to be due to its poor ability to bind @entity15370 compared with the other common isoforms, apoE2 and apoE3. Although cell culture studies support the notion that @entity15370 clearance depends upon @entity6970 isoform, validation of these findings requires @entity15370 clearance studies in vivo. In this study, we examined the clearance of @entity15370 in vivo from the periphery in @entity19 that expressed @entity6970 (C57BL/6J) or lacked @entity6970 ( @entity6970 knockout). We measured the clearance of peripherally injected @entity15370 over time and additionally, the quantities sequestered by peripheral organs. Western blot analysis of the @entity19 plasma indicated that the half-life of @entity15370 in the periphery was approximately 15 minutes. The livers of the C57BL/6J @entity19 were found to have sequestered approximately 40% of the total injected @entity15370 at 90 minutes post-injection, whilst their kidneys contained 5% of the total injected @entity15370 . In contrast, the livers and kidneys of the @entity6970 knockout animals were found to contain no detectable @entity15370 . These findings indicate that @entity15370 is rapidly removed from the plasma by @entity19 peripheral tissues and the rate of its clearance is affected by @entity6970 .

title: XXXX influences amyloid-beta clearance from the @entity19 periphery.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein E']


abstract: The relationship between amyloid-beta protein ( @entity15370 ) metabolism and @entity195 is currently poorly understood. While it is well known that the generation of @entity15370 results from enzymatic cleavage of its parent molecule, the amyloid beta protein precursor (AbetaPP), there is little information available regarding its in vivo clearance. The E4 isoform of @entity6970 ( @entity6970 ) has been associated with poor clearance of @entity15370 under in vitro conditions. This is thought to be due to its poor ability to bind @entity15370 compared with the other common isoforms, apoE2 and apoE3. Although cell culture studies support the notion that @entity15370 clearance depends upon @entity6970 isoform, validation of these findings requires @entity15370 clearance studies in vivo. In this study, we examined the clearance of @entity15370 in vivo from the periphery in @entity19 that expressed @entity6970 (C57BL/6J) or lacked @entity6970 ( @entity6970 knockout). We measured the clearance of peripherally injected @entity15370 over time and additionally, the quantities sequestered by peripheral organs. Western blot analysis of the @entity19 plasma indicated that the half-life of @entity15370 in the periphery was approximately 15 minutes. The livers of the C57BL/6J @entity19 were found to have sequestered approximately 40% of the total injected @entity15370 at 90 minutes post-injection, whilst their kidneys contained 5% of the total injected @entity15370 . In contrast, the livers and kidneys of the @entity6970 knockout animals were found to contain no detectable @entity15370 . These findings indicate that @entity15370 is rapidly removed from the plasma by @entity19 peripheral tissues and the rate of its clearance is affected by @entity6970 .

title: @entity6970 influences amyloid-beta clearance from the XXXX periphery.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to study the esophageal motility pattern and the frequency of acid reflux in @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity7087 and compare the results to that of normal controls. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity7087 between 1417-1419 (Hijra year) at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were included (Group I). History of heartburn, @entity1282 and regurgitation was reviewed. Drugs that might suppress acid or alter motility were discontinued 2 weeks before inclusion. The results were compared to that of 21 symptomatic controls of similar age and sexes that were seen at the same period (Group II). Esophageal manometry and upper @entity344 were performed in all @entity1 . Ambulatory 24 hour-pH monitoring was carried out in 6 @entity1 of group 1 and 20 @entity1 of group II. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity7087 @entity1 (12 females) mean age was 38.7 years and 21 (19 females) mean age was 34.8 years were included. The symptom scores, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, esophageal contractions amplitude were significantly worse in @entity1 compared to control, @entity1282 was mostly due to aperistalsis. All @entity7087 @entity1 showed the typical esophageal manometry pattern of lower esophageal sphincter pressure and diminished amplitude with aperistalsis. @entity354 was detected in 83% of @entity1 with @entity7087 . Moreover, all 24-hour pH monitoring variables were significantly worse in group I. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity7087 usually present with heartburn, @entity1282 and regurgitation. Esophageal manometry typically shows lower pressure and aperistalsis. @entity354 is frequent.

title: The pattern of esophageal manometry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of symptomatic and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in Jordan, with some emphasis on age distribution and its potential effect in defining groups of @entity1 that may benefit from early detection programs. We compared our results with the published western figures. METHODS: Records of 119 @entity1 with @entity703 diagnosed during the period January 1992 to December 2001 at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan were reviewed. Age, gender, discovery circumstances of the @entity5 , radiologic and biologic workup, treatment, @entity5 node metastasis classification, and histologic features of the @entity5 were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 54, and the male to female ratio was 3.4:1. The annual frequency rate for @entity1358 per 100,000 population was 1.2 for both sexes, while for @entity1 was 1.8 and for @entity1 was 0.5. Twenty-six percent of @entity5 were discovered accidentally. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was not influenced by the discovery circumstances. The incidental detection group had significantly small size of @entity5 (5.6 cm circumference (c.f) 8.1 cm), lower stage and lower histological grading. In the symptomatic group; @entity1 have significantly lower mean size of @entity5 than @entity1 (5.5 cm c.f. 7.7 cm; p = 0.005; t-test), while there is no significant difference among the incidental group. A radical nephrectomy was performed in 92% of the cases, and in 8% of the cases, conservative management was adopted. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the incidence rates of @entity1358 in Jordan and other Middle East countries were less than most of the western countries. @entity703 in Jordan tend to affect @entity1 at a remarkably young age. This is mostly a reflection of the high proportion of young @entity1 in this country. This high portion of young @entity1 may explain the low incidence as @entity703 is known to increase with age. Significant numbers of @entity1358 were detected incidentally with lower pathological stage and grade. Subsequently these clinically and histologically less @entity146 lead to better survival and decreased recurrence. These data efforts should be directed to the development of a screening protocol to detect these lesions early, so that they may be prevented from progressing to the point when symptoms are apparent and prognosis becomes worse.

title: Detection, staging and clinical implications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['incidental renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer', 'Malignant renal tumors', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity99 results from the accumulation of toxic @entity3645 within the liver. The aim of the present study was to examine the temporal changes in expression and immunolocalization of protein associated with apoptosis in cholestatic @entity35 liver. @entity35 were anesthetized and @entity1448 was induced by double ligation of the common bile duct and sectioning between the ligatures. The animals were euthanized at day 3 and at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 after bile duct ligation (BDL). Apoptotic cell death was increased fivefold after 3 days of BDL, decreased over 2 weeks, and remained constant thereafter as has been demonstrated by TUNEL staining. Western blot analysis for @entity2310 , @entity1976 , cytochrome c, and @entity10740 were performed. Results show that total cellular @entity2310 protein was increased 3 days after BDL and decreased over time thereafter. We observed the translocation of @entity2310 to mitochondria and subsequent release of cytochrome c. According to our immunohistochemical data, nuclear @entity10740 increased 3 days after BDL, but cytoplasmic sequestration of @entity10740 was observed after 1 week. The expression of @entity4569 was inhibited by 3 days, but increased at later stages following BDL. @entity1976 was increased over time in BDL @entity35 . Our data suggest toxic @entity3645 -induced hepatocellular apoptosis is related to differential expression of @entity1976 family member protein and release of cytochrome c. Cellular localization of @entity10740 plays an important role in apoptotic death of hepatocytes in BDL @entity35 .

title: Changes in expression and immunolocalization of protein associated with toxic XXXX -induced apoptosis in @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Cholestatic liver injury']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile salts']


abstract: @entity99 results from the accumulation of toxic @entity3645 within the liver. The aim of the present study was to examine the temporal changes in expression and immunolocalization of protein associated with apoptosis in cholestatic @entity35 liver. @entity35 were anesthetized and @entity1448 was induced by double ligation of the common bile duct and sectioning between the ligatures. The animals were euthanized at day 3 and at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 after bile duct ligation (BDL). Apoptotic cell death was increased fivefold after 3 days of BDL, decreased over 2 weeks, and remained constant thereafter as has been demonstrated by TUNEL staining. Western blot analysis for @entity2310 , @entity1976 , cytochrome c, and @entity10740 were performed. Results show that total cellular @entity2310 protein was increased 3 days after BDL and decreased over time thereafter. We observed the translocation of @entity2310 to mitochondria and subsequent release of cytochrome c. According to our immunohistochemical data, nuclear @entity10740 increased 3 days after BDL, but cytoplasmic sequestration of @entity10740 was observed after 1 week. The expression of @entity4569 was inhibited by 3 days, but increased at later stages following BDL. @entity1976 was increased over time in BDL @entity35 . Our data suggest toxic @entity3645 -induced hepatocellular apoptosis is related to differential expression of @entity1976 family member protein and release of cytochrome c. Cellular localization of @entity10740 plays an important role in apoptotic death of hepatocytes in BDL @entity35 .

title: Changes in expression and immunolocalization of protein associated with toxic @entity3645 -induced apoptosis in XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Sarcoidosis most commonly presents as a @entity74 . Infrequently, @entity370 can manifest itself in the central nervous system, with @entity738 involving the leptomeninges and presenting with @entity425 . Sarcoid of the trigeminal nerve is exceedingly rare and can mimic trigeminal @entity808 . We review the literature on sarcoid @entity738 of the trigeminal nerve and compare their radiological features with the more common @entity808 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 33-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of left-sided @entity158 and @entity1183 for 11 months, which was presumed to be @entity4254 . A trial of @entity2049 had been unsuccessful in relieving the @entity158 . Her neurological examination revealed @entity1109 in the V(1)-V(2) distribution. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a contrast-enhancing mass centered in the left cavernous sinus with extension along the cisternal portion of the left trigeminal nerve. INTERVENTION: The @entity1 underwent a left frontotemporal orbitozygomatic craniotomy with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of Cranial Nerves III, V, and VI and image guidance for subtotal microsurgical resection of what appeared, grossly and on frozen section, to be a @entity3292 . The final pathology report, however, revealed a sarcoid granuloma of the trigeminal nerve. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis of contrast-enhancing lesions in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus should include inflammatory conditions such as @entity370 . We recommend that surgery for biopsy or decompression be used only for those @entity1 in whom a diagnosis cannot be confirmed with noninvasive testing. If surgery is performed, intraoperative frozen pathology is very useful in guiding the extent of resection.

title: Isolated trigeminal nerve sarcoid granuloma mimicking trigeminal XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['decreased facial sensation']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve weakness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: The effect of two different doses of @entity3652 , 0.5 mg kg-1 body weight, and 2.0 mg kg-1 body weight, on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were investigated in 21 young @entity1707 (26-34 kg) under controlled artificial ventilation. Three groups each containing seven animals were studied: Group 1. Initially normal blood pressure and an intracranial pressure within the normal range (10.7 mmHg). Group 2. Normal blood pressure and @entity428 caused by inflating an epidural balloon (29.2 mmHg). Group 3. @entity428 (32.7 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure reduced by approximately 30% through controlled @entity548 . There was no increase in intracranial pressure from either normal or initially increased values. This applied to animals with normal blood pressure values and also to those in @entity548 . This observation can be explained by the lack of an increase in @entity33796 under controlled ventilation. During @entity548 cerebral perfusion pressure fell significantly as a result of the fall in mean arterial pressure. This particularly applied to the 2.0 mg kg-1 dose of @entity3652 . We therefore consider volume substitution to be essential in this situation.

title: The influence of XXXX on both normal and raised intracranial pressure of artificially ventilated animals.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic shock', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure', 'Increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: In our hypothesis of @entity3520 , attended @entity146 generate aberrant sensory representations. Those aberrant representations interfere with motor control. Abnormal motor control strengthens @entity3002 . The positive feedback loop reinforces the @entity3520 . Previous studies of primates with @entity14978 have demonstrated multi-digit or hairy-glabrous responses at single sites in area 3b, receptive fields that average ten times larger than normal, and high receptive field overlap as a function of horizontal distance. In this study, we strengthen and elaborate these findings. One animal was implanted with an array of microelectrodes that spanned the border between the face and digits. After the animal developed hand @entity3519 , responses in the initial hand representation increasingly responded to low threshold stimulation of the face in a columnar substitution. The hand-face border that is normally sharp became patchy and smeared over 1 mm of cortex within 6 weeks. Two more trained animals developed a @entity14978 variable in severity across the hand. Receptive field size, presence of multi-digit or hairy-glabrous receptive fields, and columnar overlap covaried with the animal's ability to use specific digits. A fourth animal performed the same behaviors without developing @entity3519 . Many of its physiological measures were similar to the @entity3520 animals, but receptive field overlap functions were minimally abnormal, and no sites shared response properties that are normally segregated such as hairy-glabrous combined fields, or multi-digit fields. Thalamic mapping demonstrated proportionate levels of abnormality in thalamic representations as were found in cortical representations.

title: XXXX that parallel @entity14978 in a primate model.

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonia', 'dystonic condition', 'dystonic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['focal hand dystonia']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['sensory abnormalities']

answer: @entity3002 :: (MESH:D009421,Disease) :: ['Sensory representation abnormalities']


abstract: In our hypothesis of @entity3520 , attended @entity146 generate aberrant sensory representations. Those aberrant representations interfere with motor control. Abnormal motor control strengthens @entity3002 . The positive feedback loop reinforces the @entity3520 . Previous studies of primates with @entity14978 have demonstrated multi-digit or hairy-glabrous responses at single sites in area 3b, receptive fields that average ten times larger than normal, and high receptive field overlap as a function of horizontal distance. In this study, we strengthen and elaborate these findings. One animal was implanted with an array of microelectrodes that spanned the border between the face and digits. After the animal developed hand @entity3519 , responses in the initial hand representation increasingly responded to low threshold stimulation of the face in a columnar substitution. The hand-face border that is normally sharp became patchy and smeared over 1 mm of cortex within 6 weeks. Two more trained animals developed a @entity14978 variable in severity across the hand. Receptive field size, presence of multi-digit or hairy-glabrous receptive fields, and columnar overlap covaried with the animal's ability to use specific digits. A fourth animal performed the same behaviors without developing @entity3519 . Many of its physiological measures were similar to the @entity3520 animals, but receptive field overlap functions were minimally abnormal, and no sites shared response properties that are normally segregated such as hairy-glabrous combined fields, or multi-digit fields. Thalamic mapping demonstrated proportionate levels of abnormality in thalamic representations as were found in cortical representations.

title: @entity3002 that parallel XXXX in a primate model.

answer: @entity14978 :: (MESH:C566973,Disease) :: ['focal hand dystonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity99 has previously been the major cause of @entity879 ( @entity879 ) in the United States. We aimed to determine the incidence of @entity879 and to compare the outcome and clinical and biochemical variables in @entity1 with @entity99 and B. METHODS: A total of 354 @entity1 with @entity879 from multiple centers were screened for possible acute viral etiology. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (12.1% of all @entity879 cases) had @entity99 : @entity99 (n = 16), @entity1956 (n = 26), and @entity2025 (n = 1). There was no difference between groups with regard to age, gender, body mass index, admission or peak coma grade, symptom duration, admission mean arterial pressure, temperature, or biochemical liver tests, @entity1011 , arterial pH, or rate of @entity281 . Platelet count was significantly higher in @entity99 @entity1 than in @entity1956 @entity1 . The transplantation-free (spontaneous) survival rate was significantly higher for @entity99 @entity1 (69%) than for @entity1956 @entity1 (19%, p = 0.007), whereas the liver transplantation rate was higher in @entity1956 @entity1 (62%) than in @entity99 @entity1 (19%, p = 0.017). Spontaneous survivors had significantly higher mean arterial pressure, higher platelet count, and lower @entity6571 /ALT ratio than @entity1 who did not survive spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 now comprises only one-eighth of all @entity879 cases in the United States. The marked difference in spontaneous survival between @entity99 and B cannot be explained by the severity of @entity409 on admission but may rather be an inherent feature of the @entity281 or a bias toward transplanting @entity1 with @entity1956 .

title: XXXX -related @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'viral hepatitis-related ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Viral hepatitis', 'hepatitis A', 'acute viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Viral hepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity99 has previously been the major cause of @entity879 ( @entity879 ) in the United States. We aimed to determine the incidence of @entity879 and to compare the outcome and clinical and biochemical variables in @entity1 with @entity99 and B. METHODS: A total of 354 @entity1 with @entity879 from multiple centers were screened for possible acute viral etiology. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (12.1% of all @entity879 cases) had @entity99 : @entity99 (n = 16), @entity1956 (n = 26), and @entity2025 (n = 1). There was no difference between groups with regard to age, gender, body mass index, admission or peak coma grade, symptom duration, admission mean arterial pressure, temperature, or biochemical liver tests, @entity1011 , arterial pH, or rate of @entity281 . Platelet count was significantly higher in @entity99 @entity1 than in @entity1956 @entity1 . The transplantation-free (spontaneous) survival rate was significantly higher for @entity99 @entity1 (69%) than for @entity1956 @entity1 (19%, p = 0.007), whereas the liver transplantation rate was higher in @entity1956 @entity1 (62%) than in @entity99 @entity1 (19%, p = 0.017). Spontaneous survivors had significantly higher mean arterial pressure, higher platelet count, and lower @entity6571 /ALT ratio than @entity1 who did not survive spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 now comprises only one-eighth of all @entity879 cases in the United States. The marked difference in spontaneous survival between @entity99 and B cannot be explained by the severity of @entity409 on admission but may rather be an inherent feature of the @entity281 or a bias toward transplanting @entity1 with @entity1956 .

title: @entity99 -related XXXX .

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to quantify the fibrin content of thrombi produced in a @entity19 model of @entity49 and correlate this to @entity715 mass. The role of P-selectin, @entity24780 , and @entity1618 on @entity715 fibrin content was analyzed using knockout (KO) @entity19 . Five groups of @entity19 were evaluated: control (N = 10), P-selectin KO (N = 7), @entity24780 KO (N = 5), combined E-/P-selectin KO (N = 12), and @entity1618 KO (N = 10). @entity49 was induced by ligation of the infrarenal IVC. @entity19 were sacrificed on postoperative days (POD) 2 and 6. @entity715 mass was calculated. Sections of IVC were stained with an antibody that cross reacts with @entity19 fibrin. The distribution of RGB color pixels was generated from digitized micrographs of the @entity715 of each animal. The mean pixel value for each group was compiled and analyzed using 2-way ANOVA. Mean pixel value per group was correlated with the mean @entity715 mass per group. Color analysis demonstrated significant decreases in the analyzed fibrin content on POD-2 between the control vs E-/P-selectin KO (P < 0.05) and control vs @entity1618 KO (P < 0.05) groups. In addition, significantly less fibrin staining was noted on POD-6 between the control vs @entity24780 KO (P = 0.03), control vs P-selectin KO (P = 0.01), and control vs E-/P-selectin KO (P < 0.01). There was a strong overall correlation between the mean pixel value for each group and the @entity715 mass (R = 0.964; P < 0.01). This study demonstrates a difference in fibrin content of thrombi produced in animals deficient in @entity24780 , P-selectin, and @entity1618 , supporting their importance in @entity715 , fibrin formation, and the mass of @entity715 formed.

title: Decrease in fibrin content of venous thrombi in selectin-deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus', 'thrombus amplification']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The exact mechanisms that lead to @entity85 and shape changes after @entity130 / @entity548 remain unknown. We hypothesize that @entity130 is caused in part by gut injury and is mediated by gut-derived factors carried in the intestinal lymph. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity85 was measured by a laser-assisted ektacytometer before and after @entity130 / @entity548 (T/ @entity8682 ) in 6 @entity35 whose mesenteric lymph duct had been ligated and in 10 @entity35 subjected to T/ @entity8682 without duct ligation. In this assay a decrease in the elongation index is a marker of @entity85 . RBC shape was examined by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In the T/ @entity8682 @entity35 , the RBC elongation index decreased after T/ @entity8682 from a preshock value of 0.064 +/- 0.011 to 0.052 +/- 0.009 (P < 0.01) and remained low (0.049 +/- 0.010) even at 3 h after resuscitation. In contrast, the elongation index did not decrease after T/ @entity8682 in the lymph duct-ligated @entity35 (0.062 +/- 0.004 vs. 0.056 +/- 0.005, P = NS). Likewise, the T/ @entity8682 @entity35 , but not the duct-ligated T/ @entity8682 @entity35 , had a significant increase in the percentage of abnormally shaped RBCs when studied by electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Interruption of lymph flow from the gut into the bloodstream by lymph duct ligation prevents T/ @entity8682 -induced @entity16 . Because @entity85 contributes to impaired perfusion of the microcirculation, preservation of @entity85 may decrease the incidence of T/ @entity8682 -induced @entity881 .

title: Mesenteric lymph duct ligation prevents shock-induced XXXX and shape changes.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['RBC damage']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['RBC deformability', 'decreased RBC deformability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['RBC injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['RBC deformability']


abstract: The subjective @entity51 (SDSS) was established in 1990 by Jaeger et al. to assess systematically subjective experiences of @entity161 @entity1 . It was translated into Japanese in 1999 by this paper's second author (T.I.). In this study, the inter-rater reliability of this Japanese version (SDSS-J) was examined. The subjects studied were 13 @entity161 @entity1 (male 6, female 7; respective average ages at study entry and disease onset: 41 and 25 years), who were being followed up at the outpatients' service of the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine. Four psychiatrists attended together, the systematic interview with each subject to rate the SDSS-J and independently rated 19 items. The severity scales of the items assessed by these raters ranged from 0 to 4 for 12 items and from 0 to 3 for 7. The ANOVA ICC inter-rater reliability values for the 19 individual items ranged from 0.67 to 0.96. The ANOVA ICC test-retest reliability values achieved by two raters were also high overall, ranging from 0.72 to 1.00, except for one item (item 13) assessed by one rater. Our results suggest that the SDSS-J is a potentially useful rating scale for evaluating subjective experiences of @entity161 subjects.

title: Inter--rater and test--retest reliability of the Japanese version of the subjective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit syndrome scale']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['deficit syndrome scale']


abstract: In 47 cases with @entity548 the estimated volume and the extension of the @entity1410 was compared to clinical data. The critical blood volume above which the mortality rate markedly increased was 10 cc. The most unfavourable outcome was found in @entity1410 extending to the midbrain or causing extensive @entity548 . The severity and characteristics of the @entity51 depended on the extension of the @entity1410 as well. @entity2026 was a common feature when the @entity548 occurred in the dominant hemisphere. @entity9479 and @entity735 were rare. The mortality rate was 17% and increased to 32% within the limits of twelve months. After a mean observation period of 31 months over 60% of the survivors had no or minimal disabilities. Only 20% remained seriously handicapped. The degree of the remaining disabilities depended on the original blood-volume. Eighteen of 32 survivors were submitted to neuropsychological tests. Three @entity1 had an @entity2730 .

title: [Clinical aspects and long-term prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic hemorrhage', 'ventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnestic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['Thalamic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormalities']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['spontaneous thalamus hematomas']


abstract: A 38-year-old black @entity1 with @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ), @entity75 , and the @entity7555 ( @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , M protein, skin changes) was treated at the University of Chicago Hospitals. The @entity1 had @entity828 and generalized @entity1897 . @entity854 included decreased @entity251 with elevated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as @entity4089 and possible @entity1375 . Biopsy of a right femoral lymph node revealed @entity12692 , and an osteoblastic pelvic lesion showed a marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. By immunohistochemical techniques, plasma cells in the lymph node and @entity75 were polyclonal. A @entity4754 was present. The lymph node T-lymphocyte population showed a decreased helper-to-suppressor cell ratio. Other findings included thickening of the skin, finger clubbing, and @entity4 . A severe @entity305 was the major factor contributing to the @entity1 's @entity204 . The association of @entity12692 , @entity79 , and the @entity7555 has been noted previously in Japan; however, the authors are unaware of reports on Western @entity1 who had this combination of clinical and laboratory findings.

title: XXXX with @entity79 and the POEMS (Takatsuki's) syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastic lesions', 'osteoblastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['anasarca']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['GLH', 'giant lymph node hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'sensory-motor polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Endocrinologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['POEMS syndrome', 'organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastic bone lesions']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Giant lymph node hyperplasia']


abstract: A 38-year-old black @entity1 with @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ), @entity75 , and the @entity7555 ( @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , M protein, skin changes) was treated at the University of Chicago Hospitals. The @entity1 had @entity828 and generalized @entity1897 . @entity854 included decreased @entity251 with elevated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as @entity4089 and possible @entity1375 . Biopsy of a right femoral lymph node revealed @entity12692 , and an osteoblastic pelvic lesion showed a marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. By immunohistochemical techniques, plasma cells in the lymph node and @entity75 were polyclonal. A @entity4754 was present. The lymph node T-lymphocyte population showed a decreased helper-to-suppressor cell ratio. Other findings included thickening of the skin, finger clubbing, and @entity4 . A severe @entity305 was the major factor contributing to the @entity1 's @entity204 . The association of @entity12692 , @entity79 , and the @entity7555 has been noted previously in Japan; however, the authors are unaware of reports on Western @entity1 who had this combination of clinical and laboratory findings.

title: @entity12692 with XXXX and the POEMS (Takatsuki's) syndrome.

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['osteoblastic bone lesions']


abstract: Early in the 1970s, high rates of sick-leave due to @entity1141 were frequently recorded among workers at Standard Telefon and Kabelfabrik's (STK's) factory in Norway. Workstations were redesigned according to ergonomics principles that allowed workers a wider choice of working postures and following their introduction in 1975, there was a marked @entity2048 . Postural load was studied in groups of female workers in well defined assembly tasks. Trapezius load was recorded by electromyography (EMG). Simultaneously, postural angles of the upper arm in the shoulder joint and flexion/extension of head/neck and back were measured by using pendulum potentiometers. A quantitative relationship was found for the group between its median value of static trapezius load and the development of musculo-skeletal sick-leave, as a function of length of employment. Further support for a relationship between @entity130 and trapezius load was found for the same subjects who suffered less musculo-skeletal sick-leave, consistent with the reduced trapezius load when working at the redesigned work stands. The relationship between @entity130 was studied in comparable groups of the female workers with respect to age, working hours per day and time of employment. Psychosocial problems, spare time activities and living habits of workers did not show any significant difference across the groups. Postural load, both in terms of the magnitude of the flexion angle of the upper arm in the shoulder joint and the distribution of the work load between flexors and extensors, appeared to influence the incidence of load-related @entity1141 in the upper part of the body. The incidence of musculo-skeletal sick-leave in a group of workers with a median static trapezius load of about 1 to 2% MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction) for most of the work day, was approximately the same as for a group of comparable female workers without continuous work load. This suggests that a static trapezius load level of about 1% MVC is acceptable for the major part of the work day if adequate breaks in the load pattern are allowed when needed. At the same time, a median arm flexion of 15 degrees and a median arm abduction less than 10 degrees indicate the amplitude of these angles for 50% of the recording time. No details about the work-pause pattern was obtained, therefore these limits are only a rough indication of an acceptable arm position.

title: Postural load and the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['musculo-skeletal injury', 'postural load and musculo-skeletal injury']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in sickness absence']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['musculo-skeletal illness', 'musculo-skeletal complaints']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['musculo-skeletal illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although the clinical efficacy of infliximab as measured by closure of @entity292 in @entity30 has been demonstrated, its influence on the inflammatory changes in the @entity292 tracks is less clear. The aim of the present study was to assess the behavior of perianal @entity292 before and after infliximab treatment. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical evaluation were performed in a total of 18 @entity1 before and after treatment with infliximab. An MRI-based score of perianal @entity30 severity was developed using both criteria of local extension of @entity292 (complexity, supralavetoric extension, relation to the sphincters and of active @entity32 (T2 hyperintensity, presence of cavities/abscesses, and rectal wall involvement). RESULTS: The MRI score was reliable in assessing the @entity292 tracks, with a good interobserver concordance (p < 0.001). Fistula tracks with signs of active @entity32 were found in all 18 @entity1 at baseline and collections in seven. After short-term infliximab treatment, active tracks persisted in eight of 11 @entity1 who had clinically responded to infliximab. After long-term (46 wk) infliximab therapy, MRI signs of @entity32 had resolved in three of six @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We have developed an MRI-based score of perianal @entity30 severity to assess the anatomical evolution of @entity30 . Our study demonstrates that despite closure of draining external orifices after infliximab therapy, @entity292 tracks persist with varying degrees of @entity32 , which may cause recurrent @entity292 and pelvic abscesses. Whether @entity82 occurs over time with repeated infliximab infusions needs further study.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the effects of infliximab on perianal fistulizing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'active track inflammation', 'residual inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['complete fistula fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's fistulas", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoanal ultrasound identifies anal sphincter anatomy, and evacuation proctography visualizes pelvic floor motion during simulated defecation. These complementary techniques can evaluate obstructed defecation and @entity1241 . Our aim was to develop a single, nonionizing, minimally invasive modality to image global pelvic floor anatomy and motion. METHODS: We studied six @entity1 with @entity1241 and seven @entity1 with obstructed defecation. The anal sphincters were imaged with an endoanal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil and endoanal ultrasound (five @entity1 ). MR fluoroscopy acquired images every 1.4-2 s, using a modified real-time, T2-weighted, single-shot, fast-spin echo sequence, recording motion as @entity1 squeezed pelvic floor muscles and expelled ultrasound gel; no contrast was added to other pelvic organs. Six @entity1 also had scintigraphic defecography. RESULTS: Endoanal ultrasound and MRI were comparable for imaging defects of the internal and external sphincters. Only MRI revealed puborectalis and/or external sphincter @entity194 ; four of these @entity1 had @entity1241 . MR fluoroscopy recorded pelvic floor contraction during squeeze and recorded relaxation during simulated defecation. Corresponding comparisons for angle change and perineal descent during defecation were not significant; only MRI, but not scintigraphy, identified excessive perineal descent in two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic MRI is a promising single, comprehensive, nonradioactive modality to measure @entity3087 in @entity74 . This method may provide insights into mechanisms of normal and disordered pelvic floor function in health and disease.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of anatomic and dynamic defects of the pelvic floor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['structural and functional pelvic floor disturbances']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['defecatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['defecatory disorders']


abstract: An experimental model to investigate @entity2694 formation in inbred @entity35 was established. Animals sensitized to @entity72374 (TNP-OA) and challenged retro-orbitally with TNP-OA covalently linked o Sepharose 4B beads specifically developed a granulomatous response. This granulomatous reactivity was passively transferred into normal animals by lymph node cells, but not by serum antibody from sensitized donors. Lymphocytes which transfer @entity738 formation in normal recipients were characterized by cell fractionation and membrane marker analysis. These experiments show that the effector cells capable of transferring @entity56 are enriched in the lower density fractions on discontinuous Percoll gradients. These cells are lymphoblasts and express the @entity11264 helper T lymphocyte marker. It was also demonstrated that lymphoid cells from sensitized donors in the higher density Percoll fraction appear to be incapable of adoptively transferring granulomatous responsiveness directly to normal recipients. However, incubation of these high density lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in marked enhancement of their ability to transfer the disease. Antigen-induced activation also resulted in an increase in both lymphoblasts and the @entity11264 marker. The authors conclude, therefore, that a subset of T cells which are lymphoblasts and express the helper-cell marker is responsible for @entity738 formation in sensitized animals and is capable of transferring @entity2694 formation to non-sensitized normal recipients.

title: Experimental immunogenic @entity738 of the orbit: transfer of XXXX with a subset of T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity72374 :: ('MESH:C038600', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrophenyl ovalbumin']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital granuloma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['granulomatous hypersensitivity']


abstract: An experimental model to investigate @entity2694 formation in inbred @entity35 was established. Animals sensitized to @entity72374 (TNP-OA) and challenged retro-orbitally with TNP-OA covalently linked o Sepharose 4B beads specifically developed a granulomatous response. This granulomatous reactivity was passively transferred into normal animals by lymph node cells, but not by serum antibody from sensitized donors. Lymphocytes which transfer @entity738 formation in normal recipients were characterized by cell fractionation and membrane marker analysis. These experiments show that the effector cells capable of transferring @entity56 are enriched in the lower density fractions on discontinuous Percoll gradients. These cells are lymphoblasts and express the @entity11264 helper T lymphocyte marker. It was also demonstrated that lymphoid cells from sensitized donors in the higher density Percoll fraction appear to be incapable of adoptively transferring granulomatous responsiveness directly to normal recipients. However, incubation of these high density lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in marked enhancement of their ability to transfer the disease. Antigen-induced activation also resulted in an increase in both lymphoblasts and the @entity11264 marker. The authors conclude, therefore, that a subset of T cells which are lymphoblasts and express the helper-cell marker is responsible for @entity738 formation in sensitized animals and is capable of transferring @entity2694 formation to non-sensitized normal recipients.

title: Experimental immunogenic XXXX of the orbit: transfer of @entity56 with a subset of T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: We have shown that @entity1 dermal fibroblasts, exposed to @entity379 ( @entity379 ) to induce surface class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, were capable of presenting @entity116 toxoid (TT) antigen to @entity1 TT-specific T cell clones. Antigen presentation by fibroblasts was antigen dependent, required HLA-DR expression by fibroblasts, and was MHC restricted. In contrast, we now report that @entity379 -treated fibroblasts are unable to present TT antigen to purified resting T cells obtained from the peripheral blood of TT-immune donors. In addition, although @entity379 -treated fibroblasts were able to stimulate alloreactive T cell clones, they were unable by themselves to stimulate primary allogeneic responses in resting T cells. The failure of fibroblasts to stimulate resting T cells was not due to suppressor effects by fibroblasts, because induction of TT and alloantigen responses in resting T cells by monocytes was not inhibited by the presence of fibroblasts. On the contrary, IFN-treated fibroblasts were synergistic with small numbers of monocytes in activating resting T cells. In addition, the failure of antigen presentation by fibroblasts to resting T cells was reversed by the addition of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) to cultures, but not of purified @entity1 @entity1192 ). These results emphasize that the requirements for activation of resting T cells differ from those of T cell clones. Although fibroblasts can efficiently present antigen to T cell clones, antigen presentation by fibroblasts to resting T cells requires the addition of exogenous @entity1199 . It is postulated that fibroblasts differ from classical antigen-presenting cells in that fibroblasts are incapable of stimulating the production of @entity1199 in resting T cells.

title: Antigen presentation by XXXX dermal fibroblasts: activation of resting T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Three subpopulations of @entity1 myeloid progenitor cells ( @entity7419 ) can be distinguished by differences in their kinetics of development; the liquid phase pre- @entity7419 , the day 14 @entity7419 , and the day 7 @entity7419 . The relative cell membrane densities of the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens expressed by the three subpopulations was investigated by comparing the amount of antibody required to deplete bone marrow cell preparations of each cell type. Three separate approaches were used--complement (C') @entity137 , antiglobulin/C'- @entity137 and immune rosette depletion. Similar results were obtained for all three procedures, although the latter two gave a tenfold greater sensitivity over the standard C'- @entity137 method. At saturating anti-HLA-DR antibody concentrations, 85% to 95% of cells within the three myeloid subpopulations were found to express HLA-DR antigens. However, the relative amount of HLA-DR expressed by these subpopulations increased from the pre- @entity7419 to the day 7 @entity7419 . The expression of HLA-DQ antigens was considerably lower and could only be detected by using the more sensitive procedures. Only 50% of day 7 and 14 @entity7419 progenitor cells expressed detectable HLA-DQ antigens, whereas a greater proportion (80%) of the pre- @entity7419 were HLA-DQ positive. The pattern of HLA-DQ expression on these clonable precursors was quite distinct and opposite to the cell membrane density of the HLA-DR antigens. Because these three progenitor cell populations are thought to be linked in differentiation sequence, these results provide indirect support for the hypothesis that HLA class II antigens are implicated in regulatory mechanisms during normal myeloid cell differentiation.

title: The pattern of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigen expression on clonable subpopulations of XXXX myeloid progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with intractable @entity158 due to progressive @entity5 were treated by electrical stimulation of the brain after more conventional @entity158 therapies applied in the University of California, Los Angeles @entity5 Clinic had failed. Electrodes were stereotactically implanted under local anesthesia in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) or periventricular grey (PVG) in 11 @entity1 . In six @entity1 electrodes were placed in both PAG-PVG targets and in the sensory thalamic nuclei. Thirteen of the 17 @entity1 achieved virtually total @entity158 relief and 2 others achieved partial @entity158 relief. At the hospital discharge only 4 of 17 @entity1 required narcotic analgesics for @entity158 relief. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 21 months and 6 @entity1 remain alive. Fourteen @entity1 eventually required narcotics for @entity158 relief, usually in the terminal few weeks of their lives. @entity158 relief was achieved in spite of the fact that all @entity1 were tolerant to large doses of systematically or intraspinally administered narcotics at the time of electrode placement. No complications related to brain stimulation were identified. Brain stimulation is a safe and effective method for treatment of intractable @entity158 due to @entity5 in certain @entity1 .

title: Electrical stimulation of the brain for relief of intractable XXXX due to @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Pain', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with intractable @entity158 due to progressive @entity5 were treated by electrical stimulation of the brain after more conventional @entity158 therapies applied in the University of California, Los Angeles @entity5 Clinic had failed. Electrodes were stereotactically implanted under local anesthesia in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) or periventricular grey (PVG) in 11 @entity1 . In six @entity1 electrodes were placed in both PAG-PVG targets and in the sensory thalamic nuclei. Thirteen of the 17 @entity1 achieved virtually total @entity158 relief and 2 others achieved partial @entity158 relief. At the hospital discharge only 4 of 17 @entity1 required narcotic analgesics for @entity158 relief. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 21 months and 6 @entity1 remain alive. Fourteen @entity1 eventually required narcotics for @entity158 relief, usually in the terminal few weeks of their lives. @entity158 relief was achieved in spite of the fact that all @entity1 were tolerant to large doses of systematically or intraspinally administered narcotics at the time of electrode placement. No complications related to brain stimulation were identified. Brain stimulation is a safe and effective method for treatment of intractable @entity158 due to @entity5 in certain @entity1 .

title: Electrical stimulation of the brain for relief of intractable @entity158 due to XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: One or more lots of pituitary GH supplied by the NHPP may have been contaminated with @entity3605 pathogen. If so, it is probable that the contaminated hormone was dispensed before 1978, and there is reason to believe that it was dispensed in the late 1960s. The contamination may have been limited to one lot of GH, but this is not known with certainty. Purification methods used by the NHPP since 1978 probably exclude the @entity3605 pathogen, but this is not yet certain. The risk to @entity1 treated since 1978, therefore, probably is low. There is no evidence to date that GH from either of the pharmaceutical suppliers has been or is contaminated. Purification procedures used by these sources also should exclude the pathogen. To exclude the possibility that they are contaminated with the @entity3605 pathogen, 1 1/2 to 3 years will be required to test batches of the pituitary GH used previously. The experiment needed to show that the purification method used by NHPP excludes the scrapie agent will take up to 1 year. Planning for epidemiologic studies in @entity1 treated with pituitary GH is under way. Biosynthetic GH prepared by recombinant DNA techniques has been in clinical trial in the United States for 3 1/2 years. It has been shown to be as effective as pituitary GH in promoting growth. However, it produces a higher incidence of GH antibodies than @entity10759 do. Pediatric endocrinologists support the FDA in its effort to gather the information needed to approve biosynthetic GH for treatment of @entity2338 at an early date.

title: Degenerative neurologic disease in XXXX formerly treated with @entity1 growth hormone. Report of the Committee on Growth Hormone Use of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, May 1985.

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary GH preparations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: One or more lots of pituitary GH supplied by the NHPP may have been contaminated with @entity3605 pathogen. If so, it is probable that the contaminated hormone was dispensed before 1978, and there is reason to believe that it was dispensed in the late 1960s. The contamination may have been limited to one lot of GH, but this is not known with certainty. Purification methods used by the NHPP since 1978 probably exclude the @entity3605 pathogen, but this is not yet certain. The risk to @entity1 treated since 1978, therefore, probably is low. There is no evidence to date that GH from either of the pharmaceutical suppliers has been or is contaminated. Purification procedures used by these sources also should exclude the pathogen. To exclude the possibility that they are contaminated with the @entity3605 pathogen, 1 1/2 to 3 years will be required to test batches of the pituitary GH used previously. The experiment needed to show that the purification method used by NHPP excludes the scrapie agent will take up to 1 year. Planning for epidemiologic studies in @entity1 treated with pituitary GH is under way. Biosynthetic GH prepared by recombinant DNA techniques has been in clinical trial in the United States for 3 1/2 years. It has been shown to be as effective as pituitary GH in promoting growth. However, it produces a higher incidence of GH antibodies than @entity10759 do. Pediatric endocrinologists support the FDA in its effort to gather the information needed to approve biosynthetic GH for treatment of @entity2338 at an early date.

title: Degenerative neurologic disease in @entity1 formerly treated with XXXX growth hormone. Report of the Committee on Growth Hormone Use of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, May 1985.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Initial complete occlusion of very large or @entity439 often cannot be accomplished, and most will partially reopen over time. This study was performed to assess the clinical and angiographic outcome of @entity1 with very large or @entity438 treated with detachable coils. METHODS: During 6 years, 29 @entity1 with 31 very large or giant (20-55-mm) @entity438 were initially treated with detachable coils. Nineteen @entity1 presented with @entity510 ( @entity510 ), and eight @entity1 had symptoms of mass effect. One @entity1 had an incidental @entity439 , and one @entity1 had an additional @entity439 . RESULTS: Twenty-three (79%) of 29 @entity1 had a good clinical outcome at a median follow-up of 50 months. One of 19 @entity1 presenting with @entity510 had repeat bleed (annual rebleeding rate, 1.45%). After initial coiling, seven of 31 @entity439 were @entity2300 ; this rate increased to 20 of 29 @entity439 at 6-month follow-up angiography. After 16 repeat coiling procedures in 13 @entity439 , 12 of 29 @entity439 in surviving @entity1 were still @entity2300 . After additional treatment other than coiling (parent-vessel occlusion and/or surgery) in eight @entity439 , three of 25 @entity439 in 24 surviving @entity1 were @entity2300 . Only 13 (42%) of 31 @entity439 had one coiling as a sole therapy. CONCLUSION: Coiling of very large or @entity439 can be considered. Long-term clinical outcomes were good in 79% of @entity1 . The stability of the coil mesh over time was poor, requiring repeat coiling, surgery, and/or @entity432 in 58% of the @entity439 primarily treated with coils.

title: Coiling of very large or XXXX : long-term clinical and serial angiographic results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['parent-vessel balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['incompletely occluded']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant cerebral aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['giant cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several large controlled trials have shown that beta blockers given to @entity1 with @entity712 (New York Heart Association functional class II-IV) reduce morbidity and mortality. Despite these impressive results, implementing the use of beta blockade in clinical practice appears slow and difficult. The BRING-UP study was designed to tackle this problem. OBJECTIVES: To accelerate the adoption of beta blockade in clinical practice; to provide an epidemiological estimate of the proportion of @entity1 with @entity712 suitable for this treatment in general cardiology care; and to assess effectiveness of these drugs outside the setting of clinical trials. METHODS: The design of the study and recommendations derived from available evidence on the use of beta blockers were discussed with cardiologists during regional meetings. All consecutive @entity712 @entity1 in a one month period, whether treated or not with beta blockers, were eligible for the study. In each @entity1 , the decision to prescribe a beta blocker was a free choice for the participating physicians. All centres were provided with @entity1405 , @entity1406 , and @entity2179 at appropriate doses; the choice of the drug and dosage was left to the responsible clinician. All @entity1 were followed for one year. RESULTS: 197 cardiological centres enrolled 3091 @entity1 , 24.9% of whom were already on beta blocker treatment at baseline. beta Blockers were newly prescribed in 32.7% of cases, more often in younger and less severely ill @entity1 . The mean daily dose of the drugs used at one year corresponded to about 70% of the maximum dose used in clinical trials. Starting treatment with beta blockers did not affect the prescription or dosage of other recommended drugs. The overall rate of beta blocker treatment increased over the year of the study from 24.9% to 49.7%. During the 12 month period, 351 @entity204 occurred (11.8%). In multivariate analysis, the use of beta blockers was independently associated with a better prognosis, with a relative risk of 0.60 and a lower incidence of hospital admissions for worsening @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of beta blockers in clinical practice is feasible and could be accelerated. These drugs are associated with a lower mortality and reduced hospital admission rates, not only in clinical trials but also in the normal clinical setting.

title: Treatment of chronic XXXX with beta adrenergic blockade beyond controlled clinical trials: the BRING-UP experience.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the influence of an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene polymorphism on long term clinical outcome of @entity1 with established @entity453 treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study in a university hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive series of 1010 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity453 who underwent successful coronary stent placement from November 1996 to April 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Long term clinical outcome was obtained and the rates of major adverse @entity299 ( @entity204 , non-fatal @entity583 , @entity1459 , and revascularisation) were compared according to the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the @entity1289 gene. RESULTS: Of the 1010 @entity1 29% had the DD genotype, 51% had the ID genotype, and 20% had the II genotype. All baseline clinical angiographic and procedural characteristics were identical in the three groups of @entity1 . Event-free survival during the follow up period (median two years) was identical in @entity1 with the II genotype compared to those with one or two D alleles. The predictors of long term survival were age, @entity6 , ejection fraction, and extension of @entity453 . @entity1289 genotype had no influence on the long term survival. Additional analyses assuming dominant and recessive effects of the D allele also failed to find any association; nor did the examination of low risk subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1289 I/D polymorphism does not influence the long term prognosis of @entity1 with @entity301 treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, and screening @entity1 for this gene polymorphism is not useful for secondary prevention strategies.

title: Prospective evaluation of the effect of an @entity1289 gene polymorphism on the long term risk of major adverse XXXX after percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin I converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the influence of an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene polymorphism on long term clinical outcome of @entity1 with established @entity453 treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study in a university hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive series of 1010 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity453 who underwent successful coronary stent placement from November 1996 to April 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Long term clinical outcome was obtained and the rates of major adverse @entity299 ( @entity204 , non-fatal @entity583 , @entity1459 , and revascularisation) were compared according to the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the @entity1289 gene. RESULTS: Of the 1010 @entity1 29% had the DD genotype, 51% had the ID genotype, and 20% had the II genotype. All baseline clinical angiographic and procedural characteristics were identical in the three groups of @entity1 . Event-free survival during the follow up period (median two years) was identical in @entity1 with the II genotype compared to those with one or two D alleles. The predictors of long term survival were age, @entity6 , ejection fraction, and extension of @entity453 . @entity1289 genotype had no influence on the long term survival. Additional analyses assuming dominant and recessive effects of the D allele also failed to find any association; nor did the examination of low risk subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1289 I/D polymorphism does not influence the long term prognosis of @entity1 with @entity301 treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, and screening @entity1 for this gene polymorphism is not useful for secondary prevention strategies.

title: Prospective evaluation of the effect of an XXXX gene polymorphism on the long term risk of major adverse @entity299 after percutaneous coronary intervention.

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin I converting enzyme']


abstract: In vertebrates, the common expression border of two homeobox genes, @entity5005 and @entity34224 , demarcates the prospective @entity8668 ( @entity8668 ) in the neural plate at the end of gastrulation. The presence of a compartment boundary at the @entity8668 has been demonstrated, but the mechanism and timing of its formation remain unclear. We show by genetic inducible fate mapping using a @entity34224 (CreER) knock-in @entity19 line that descendants of @entity34224 (+) cells as early as embryonic day (E) 7.5 do not cross the @entity8668 . Without @entity34224 , hindbrain-born cells abnormally populate the entire midbrain, demonstrating that @entity34224 is essential for specifying hindbrain fate. @entity34224 (+) and @entity5005 (+) cells segregate from each other, suggesting that mutually exclusive expression of @entity5005 and @entity34224 in midbrain and hindbrain progenitors is responsible for cell sorting in establishing the @entity8668 . The @entity8668 organizer gene @entity8739 , which is expressed as a sharp transverse band immediately posterior to the lineage boundary at the @entity8668 , is crucial in maintaining the lineage-restricted boundary after E7.5. Partial deletion of @entity8739 disrupts @entity8668 lineage separation. Activation of FGF pathways has a cell-autonomous effect on cell sorting in midbrain progenitors. Therefore, @entity8739 from the @entity8668 may signal the nearby mesencephalic cells to impart distinct cell surface characteristics or induce local cell-cell signaling, which consequently prevents cell movements across the @entity8668 . Our findings reveal the distinct function of @entity34224 and @entity8739 in a stepwise process in the development of the compartment boundary at the @entity8668 and that @entity8739 , in addition to its organizer function, plays a crucial role in maintaining the lineage boundary at the @entity8668 by restricting cell movement.

title: @entity34224 and XXXX are sequentially required for formation of the midbrain-hindbrain compartment boundary.

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['MHB', 'midbrain-hindbrain border']

answer: @entity8739 :: (14179(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Fgf8']


abstract: In vertebrates, the common expression border of two homeobox genes, @entity5005 and @entity34224 , demarcates the prospective @entity8668 ( @entity8668 ) in the neural plate at the end of gastrulation. The presence of a compartment boundary at the @entity8668 has been demonstrated, but the mechanism and timing of its formation remain unclear. We show by genetic inducible fate mapping using a @entity34224 (CreER) knock-in @entity19 line that descendants of @entity34224 (+) cells as early as embryonic day (E) 7.5 do not cross the @entity8668 . Without @entity34224 , hindbrain-born cells abnormally populate the entire midbrain, demonstrating that @entity34224 is essential for specifying hindbrain fate. @entity34224 (+) and @entity5005 (+) cells segregate from each other, suggesting that mutually exclusive expression of @entity5005 and @entity34224 in midbrain and hindbrain progenitors is responsible for cell sorting in establishing the @entity8668 . The @entity8668 organizer gene @entity8739 , which is expressed as a sharp transverse band immediately posterior to the lineage boundary at the @entity8668 , is crucial in maintaining the lineage-restricted boundary after E7.5. Partial deletion of @entity8739 disrupts @entity8668 lineage separation. Activation of FGF pathways has a cell-autonomous effect on cell sorting in midbrain progenitors. Therefore, @entity8739 from the @entity8668 may signal the nearby mesencephalic cells to impart distinct cell surface characteristics or induce local cell-cell signaling, which consequently prevents cell movements across the @entity8668 . Our findings reveal the distinct function of @entity34224 and @entity8739 in a stepwise process in the development of the compartment boundary at the @entity8668 and that @entity8739 , in addition to its organizer function, plays a crucial role in maintaining the lineage boundary at the @entity8668 by restricting cell movement.

title: XXXX and @entity8739 are sequentially required for formation of the midbrain-hindbrain compartment boundary.

answer: @entity34224 :: (14472(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Gbx2']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, can control gene expression by binding to their target genes for degradation and/or translational repression. Epigenetic mechanisms are defined as heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve coding sequence modifications. Both mechanisms play an important role in maintaining physiological functions and are also related to disease development. However, few studies report that miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulations are involved in @entity731 . In the present study, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) significantly increased primary @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) migration through @entity1476 / @entity1495 up-regulation associated with decreased DNA methylation levels. Either mRNA or protein level of @entity15894 ( @entity15894 ) showed a dose-dependent down-regulation in oxLDL-mediated HASMCs. Knockdown @entity15894 expression enhanced oxLDL-induced DNA demethylation levels of @entity1476 / @entity1495 . The expression of miRNA-29b ( @entity15702 ), directly targeting @entity15894 , was up-regulated by oxLDL treatment in a dose-dependent manner. OxLDL-mediated @entity1476 / @entity1495 up-regulation, @entity15894 down-regulation, and DNA demethylation were all attenuated after knockdown @entity15702 expression by antagomiR-29b. We find that oxLDL can up-regulate @entity15702 expression, resulting in @entity15894 down-regulation in HASMCs and epigenetically regulated @entity1476 / @entity1495 genes involved in cell migration. These results show that miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation may be a novel mechanism in @entity731 .

title: OxLDL up-regulates microRNA-29b, leading to epigenetic modifications of @entity1476 / XXXX genes: a novel mechanism for cardiovascular diseases.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15894 :: ('1789', 'Gene') :: ['DNMT3b', 'DNA methyltransferase 3b']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, can control gene expression by binding to their target genes for degradation and/or translational repression. Epigenetic mechanisms are defined as heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve coding sequence modifications. Both mechanisms play an important role in maintaining physiological functions and are also related to disease development. However, few studies report that miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulations are involved in @entity731 . In the present study, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) significantly increased primary @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) migration through @entity1476 / @entity1495 up-regulation associated with decreased DNA methylation levels. Either mRNA or protein level of @entity15894 ( @entity15894 ) showed a dose-dependent down-regulation in oxLDL-mediated HASMCs. Knockdown @entity15894 expression enhanced oxLDL-induced DNA demethylation levels of @entity1476 / @entity1495 . The expression of miRNA-29b ( @entity15702 ), directly targeting @entity15894 , was up-regulated by oxLDL treatment in a dose-dependent manner. OxLDL-mediated @entity1476 / @entity1495 up-regulation, @entity15894 down-regulation, and DNA demethylation were all attenuated after knockdown @entity15702 expression by antagomiR-29b. We find that oxLDL can up-regulate @entity15702 expression, resulting in @entity15894 down-regulation in HASMCs and epigenetically regulated @entity1476 / @entity1495 genes involved in cell migration. These results show that miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation may be a novel mechanism in @entity731 .

title: OxLDL up-regulates microRNA-29b, leading to epigenetic modifications of XXXX / @entity1495 genes: a novel mechanism for cardiovascular diseases.

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['MMP-2']