abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 represents the principal cause of @entity204 in the many societies. Since few data have been published about the composition of @entity1718 in @entity731 arteries such as the aorta comparing to the non affected internal mammary artery which is used for aortocoronary bypass grafting, we compared the @entity844 profiles of @entity731 aorta and internal mammary arteries in @entity1 individuals. METHODS: Twenty-one angiographically documented @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 who were admitted to the open heart surgery division enrolled in this study. They were operated electively for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Small segments of ascending aorta and internal mammary arteries were sampled during open heart surgery. The samples were subjected to lipid extraction and @entity844 analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The results showed that different @entity844 profiles were seen in the aorta and internal mammary arteries. The @entity731 aorta contained lower amounts of @entity1474 (including trans isomer of @entity3952 ) and higher proportions of saturated fats comparing to the internal mammary. In the aorta also, the amounts of omega6 series of @entity1718 were more and levels of omega3 fats were less than the internal mammary. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that modification of @entity1718 may play a role during atherogenesis.

title: Comparison of @entity844 profiles of aorta and internal mammary arteries in XXXX with @entity453 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity4878 are @entity904 -related compounds that have been found to prevent @entity5 in animals and @entity1 . In this review, we discuss the role of @entity4878 and their receptors in the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . The @entity554 receptors are expressed in normal and malignant breast cells, and are critical for normal development. In breast cells, when bound by @entity554 hormones, these proteins regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The mechanism by which @entity4878 inhibit breast cell growth has not been completely elucidated, however, @entity4878 have been shown to affect multiple signal transduction pathways, including IGF-, @entity2533 -, and @entity1178 -dependent pathways. @entity4878 have also been shown to suppress the growth and prevent the development of @entity0 in animals. These agents suppress tumorigenesis in carcinogen-treated @entity35 and in @entity19 , and inhibit the growth of transplanted @entity0 . These promising preclinical results have provided the rationale to test @entity4878 in clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . Several @entity4878 , including all trans @entity1968 and @entity8620 , have been shown to have modest activity in the treatment of @entity0 , and these agents are now in clinical trials in combination with cytotoxic agents and anti- @entity172 . Another @entity554 , 4-HPR, is currently being tested in a @entity1 @entity5 prevention trial. Preliminary results suggest that 4-HPR may suppress @entity0 development in premenopausal @entity1 . Future clinical trials will focus on testing new synthetic @entity4878 that have reduced @entity137 and enhanced therapeutic and preventive efficacy.

title: Role of @entity554 receptors in the prevention and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids', 'Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity8620 :: ('MESH:C103303', 'Chemical') :: ['9-cis retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity4878 are @entity904 -related compounds that have been found to prevent @entity5 in animals and @entity1 . In this review, we discuss the role of @entity4878 and their receptors in the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . The @entity554 receptors are expressed in normal and malignant breast cells, and are critical for normal development. In breast cells, when bound by @entity554 hormones, these proteins regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The mechanism by which @entity4878 inhibit breast cell growth has not been completely elucidated, however, @entity4878 have been shown to affect multiple signal transduction pathways, including IGF-, @entity2533 -, and @entity1178 -dependent pathways. @entity4878 have also been shown to suppress the growth and prevent the development of @entity0 in animals. These agents suppress tumorigenesis in carcinogen-treated @entity35 and in @entity19 , and inhibit the growth of transplanted @entity0 . These promising preclinical results have provided the rationale to test @entity4878 in clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . Several @entity4878 , including all trans @entity1968 and @entity8620 , have been shown to have modest activity in the treatment of @entity0 , and these agents are now in clinical trials in combination with cytotoxic agents and anti- @entity172 . Another @entity554 , 4-HPR, is currently being tested in a @entity1 @entity5 prevention trial. Preliminary results suggest that 4-HPR may suppress @entity0 development in premenopausal @entity1 . Future clinical trials will focus on testing new synthetic @entity4878 that have reduced @entity137 and enhanced therapeutic and preventive efficacy.

title: Role of XXXX receptors in the prevention and treatment of @entity0 .

answer: @entity554 :: (CHEBI:26537,Chemical) :: ['retinoid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the role of visual neglect in acute right hemisphere brain @entity1188 as a predictor of poor functional outcome during the first year after @entity64 . In particular, we were interested in the additional value of neglect measures besides @entity1269 , @entity1805 , @entity73 and age. @entity1 AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 57 @entity1 with a neuroradiologically verified right hemisphere @entity1188 was examined within 10 days of the @entity64 . Fifty @entity1 were followed up for 1 year. Neglect was measured with the Conventional and the Behavioural subtests of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BITC and BITB, respectively). The predictors were determined at the 10-day examination. Functional outcome was assessed 3, 6 and 12 months after the onset with the Frenchay Activities Index. RESULTS: Neglect in BITB was the best single predictor, which together with high age formed the best combination of predictors for poor functional outcome at each follow-up. @entity1269 was also included in this prediction model at the 3-month follow-up, but @entity1805 , BITC, or visuoconstructional and @entity2414 showed no additional predictive value. However, neglect usually recovered soon. When @entity73 were assessed at the same time as the outcome, @entity1269 rather than neglect was the strongest correlate of poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Neglect in @entity64 is an important predictor of poor functional recovery. Residual neglect, which could be compensated in the follow-up tests, may nevertheless restrict @entity1 ' real-life activities and hobbies.

title: Visual neglect as a predictor of functional outcome one year after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'Hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'neurological and cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Several biological characteristics of six diffuse-type variants and six compact-type variants of @entity794 were compared on the basis of morphology, phage type, certain cellular products, growth rate, and @entity19 virulence. All compact variants gave a positive test for clumping-factor reaction, coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, @entity2656 fermentation, @entity2142 , and pigmentation. Four of the six compact variants were phage typable and lacked capsules. None of the diffuse variants was phage-typable or possessed the clumping-factor reaction. Only one diffuse variant had hemolytic activity, and all of the diffuse strains were encapsulated. No differences between the compact and diffuse strains were noted with respect to @entity2656 fermentation or deoxyribonuclease activity. Coagulase and acid phosphatase activities of the culture supernatant fluid were diminished in most of the diffuse strains. Less @entity2066 content was found in cells of diffuse variants. Virulence in @entity19 was found to correlate with the capsule size, as the mortality rate was greatest for diffuse variants having the largest capsules. Growth rates of variants were generally not significantly different.

title: Comparison of Compact and Diffuse Variants of Strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: The purpose of this report is to review the surgical treatment of the @entity2045 involved with @entity306 over a 25-year period and present our results with regard to changes in upper limb function. Surgical results were assessed by comparison of preoperative and postoperative levels of @entity2045 functional use using a previously described 9-level scale. The effect of the following cofactors on surgical outcome were examined: type of @entity306 , age, voluntary control, @entity73 , sensibility, and type of surgical treatment. One hundred eighty operations representing 718 procedures in 134 @entity1 were reviewed. Surgical treatment was based on the following principles: soft tissue releases of deforming spastic muscles, tendon transfers to augment antagonistic activity, and joint stabilization. Surgical planning was tailored to each @entity1 's particular needs. Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative 9-level functional use scores showed an average improvement of 2.6 functional levels for all @entity1 . @entity1 with fair and good voluntary control had significantly greater improvement in functional use scores than those with poor voluntary control. No other statistically significant predictive cofactor was found. In selected @entity1 with @entity2045 dysfunction secondary to @entity306 , surgical intervention improves function, as measured by the @entity2045 functional use scale.

title: Upper extremity surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mental impairment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal transplantation has become an accepted therapy for @entity5277 and other types of intestinal failure. In order to assess digestive capabilities and feeding practices in a group of 22 pediatric @entity1 after intestinal transplantation, we assessed mucosal disaccharidase activities and assimilation of total dietary lipid and @entity270 . Twelve of the @entity1 had undergone contemporaneous liver transplantation. METHODS: Mucosal biopsies were assayed for disaccharidase activities between 15 and 412 days after transplantation in 7 of the 22 when all were receiving some enteral nutrition and were free of rejection. Coefficients of lipid absorption were determined in those @entity1 receiving total enteral feeding (two-thirds polymeric/one-third elemental) between 43 and 1032 days after transplantation; oral @entity270 tolerance tests were done at about the same time. RESULTS: Activities of @entity290 , sucrase, maltase, and palatinase consistently exceeded reference ranges (P<0.05). Mean coefficient of lipid absorption equaled 86+/-12% and was not influenced by duration of time after transplantation. No @entity1 required dietary lipid restriction. No significant absorption of @entity270 was demonstrated until 160 days after transplantation. @entity270 absorption did correlate with length of time elapsed after surgery (r=0.64, P<0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation show that, in the absence of histologic or clinical indications of allograft rejection, pediatric intestinal transplant recipients do not have primary @entity942 . Similarly, absorption of usual dietary lipid content is adequate once weaning from parenteral nutrition is complete. In contrast, early assimilation of @entity270 is poor. @entity270 absorption subsequently improves, but the mechanism is obscure.

title: Disaccharidase activities and fat assimilation in pediatric XXXX after intestinal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['disaccharidase deficiencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone @entity236 (BME) is a common cause of @entity158 . The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the vasoactive drug iloprost in the treatment of BME of femoral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 27 @entity1 (19 male, 8 female) with BME of the femoral head. Their mean age was 53.7 +/- 10.8 years. All @entity1 were treated with iloprost, a vasoactive drug that dilates arterioles and venules, reduces capillary permeability and suppresses @entity1423 . The therapy comprised a series of five infusions with 20 to 50 mug iloprost over 6 h on 5 consecutive days each. Weight bearing was reduced for up to 3 weeks, depending on the severity of symptoms. @entity158 at rest as well as under stress was assessed with a semi quantitative scale from before and 4 months after therapy. MRI investigations were done before and repeated 4 months after therapy. RESULTS: At the clinical follow up of four months after therapy, the @entity158 level at rest had diminished by a mean of 58.3% (P < 0.0001). @entity158 under stress decreased by a mean of 41.9% (P < 0.0001). On MRI, 20 @entity1 had a significant reduction of BME size or complete normalization and 4 showed no change. Worsening of the MRI pattern was found in 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the use of parenteral iloprost might be a viable method in the treatment of BME of femoral head.

title: Outcome of painful XXXX of the femoral head following treatment with parenteral iloprost.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a major problem related to @entity1566 . Use of intrathecal @entity1772 with an implanted pump seems a very useful mode of therapy in @entity1 in whom oral antispasmodic agents are either not effective or produce intolerable side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with mean age 50 years (range 32-72 years) had intrathecal @entity1772 pump implanted for the severe @entity508 of spinal origin. One @entity1 died following implantation of pump due to natural causes and was not included in the study. The @entity1 were followed up for mean 22 months (range, one to five years). RESULTS: All 24 @entity1 showed improvement in their @entity2473 following the procedure. Improvement was noted in @entity158 (12), @entity25 (20) and sphincter control (14). @entity1 had improvement in activities of daily living such as feeding ability (10), self care (10), indoor and outdoor mobility (19), and driving (4). One @entity1 had catheter leakage immediately after the surgery and required change of catheter. The radio telemetry allows very good adjustment of the dose according the individual @entity1 needs. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity1772 pump improves the symptoms of @entity2473 and also the quality of life. It helps the @entity1 to live more independently. It is not an irreversible surgery for the @entity1 and hence it is very useful in the changing the dynamics in this group of @entity1 .

title: Intrathecal XXXX : Its effect on symptoms and activities of daily living in severe @entity508 due to @entity1566 : A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a major problem related to @entity1566 . Use of intrathecal @entity1772 with an implanted pump seems a very useful mode of therapy in @entity1 in whom oral antispasmodic agents are either not effective or produce intolerable side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with mean age 50 years (range 32-72 years) had intrathecal @entity1772 pump implanted for the severe @entity508 of spinal origin. One @entity1 died following implantation of pump due to natural causes and was not included in the study. The @entity1 were followed up for mean 22 months (range, one to five years). RESULTS: All 24 @entity1 showed improvement in their @entity2473 following the procedure. Improvement was noted in @entity158 (12), @entity25 (20) and sphincter control (14). @entity1 had improvement in activities of daily living such as feeding ability (10), self care (10), indoor and outdoor mobility (19), and driving (4). One @entity1 had catheter leakage immediately after the surgery and required change of catheter. The radio telemetry allows very good adjustment of the dose according the individual @entity1 needs. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity1772 pump improves the symptoms of @entity2473 and also the quality of life. It helps the @entity1 to live more independently. It is not an irreversible surgery for the @entity1 and hence it is very useful in the changing the dynamics in this group of @entity1 .

title: Intrathecal @entity1772 : Its effect on symptoms and activities of daily living in severe XXXX due to @entity1566 : A pilot study.

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a major problem related to @entity1566 . Use of intrathecal @entity1772 with an implanted pump seems a very useful mode of therapy in @entity1 in whom oral antispasmodic agents are either not effective or produce intolerable side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with mean age 50 years (range 32-72 years) had intrathecal @entity1772 pump implanted for the severe @entity508 of spinal origin. One @entity1 died following implantation of pump due to natural causes and was not included in the study. The @entity1 were followed up for mean 22 months (range, one to five years). RESULTS: All 24 @entity1 showed improvement in their @entity2473 following the procedure. Improvement was noted in @entity158 (12), @entity25 (20) and sphincter control (14). @entity1 had improvement in activities of daily living such as feeding ability (10), self care (10), indoor and outdoor mobility (19), and driving (4). One @entity1 had catheter leakage immediately after the surgery and required change of catheter. The radio telemetry allows very good adjustment of the dose according the individual @entity1 needs. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity1772 pump improves the symptoms of @entity2473 and also the quality of life. It helps the @entity1 to live more independently. It is not an irreversible surgery for the @entity1 and hence it is very useful in the changing the dynamics in this group of @entity1 .

title: Intrathecal @entity1772 : Its effect on symptoms and activities of daily living in severe @entity508 due to XXXX : A pilot study.

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper describes @entity130 , which presented to us and were managed at a burn unit in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the etiologies of these injuries, the extent of the injuries as well as to suggest possible ways to prevent @entity130 in our environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of chemical burns treated at our center. Our sources of information were the burn unit admission registers, case notes of the @entity1 and operation registers. The results were collated and then analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty eight @entity1 presented with @entity22939 during the study period between January 2000 and December 2003, constituting 5.7% of all @entity1 with burns treated within that period. Seventeen (60.7%) of the @entity1 were males while 11 (29.3%) were females with a mean age of 20.6 years. The injuries were sustained from assault in 21 (75%), armed robbery attacks in five (17.8%) and suicide attempts in two (7.1%). The agents were usually unknown. Late presentation was observed in all the @entity1 . Raw eggs, palm oil, gentian violet and engine oil were the substances applied immediately after the injuries. Complications observed included @entity295 , @entity649 , @entity1939 , @entity177 , @entity1159 , ectropion, @entity1159 , @entity2805 , keloids and @entity272 . CONCLUSION: @entity22939 are mainly due to assaults in Nigeria and are usually extensive and presented late. Education of the @entity1 and penalty for any offender will reduce the current spate of such injuries.

title: XXXX from assaults: An increasing trend in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin depigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['mentosternal contractures', 'axillary contractures']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity22939 :: ('MESH:D002057', 'Disease') :: ['Chemical burn injuries', 'chemical burn injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Chemical injuries']


abstract: It is well known that hearing acuity decreases with age. The precise mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, called @entity26811 , is unknown. One hypothesis advanced to explain this loss of acuity implicates chronic exposure to snoring noise. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether snoring is associated with @entity393 . We examined 219 @entity1 (63 @entity1 and 156 @entity1 ) referred to our @entity25 center. All of the @entity1 underwent nocturnal polysomnography with measurements of snoring, as well as standard audiometry (i.e., measurement of hearing thresholds at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 8 kHz). Snoring was quantified by measuring three parameters: snoring index (SI = number of snores/h of sleep), average nocturnal sound intensity (dBav), and maximum nocturnal sound intensity (dBmax). We used simple correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between snoring and hearing thresholds; multiple linear regression analysis to determine individual contributions of age, sex, and snoring to the variability in hearing thresholds; and comparison tests to determine whether mild snorers had less @entity393 than severe snorers. None of these statistical tests demonstrated that snoring was a significant determinant of hearing. We conclude that snoring is not associated with @entity393 and is therefore unlikely to account for @entity26811 .

title: Does snoring contribute to XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26811 :: ('MESH:D011304', 'Disease') :: ['presbycusis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity26811 :: (MESH:D011304,Disease) :: ['presbycusis']


abstract: Forehead lumps which are commonly excised for cosmetic reasons, are done through a traditional open excision technique. In the Asian population, open excision commonly results in a @entity2118 which tends not to fade with time and this can be a concern to some @entity1 . The aims of this paper are to describe an endoscopically assisted technique of surgery, with emphasis on the subperiosteal, single-portal approach; to review the outcome of the surgery, and to define the indications for its use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe here a case series of ten @entity1 , in whom a minimally invasive technique was employed for the removal of a @entity362 via an endoscopic, single-portal, subperiosteal approach. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' age ranged from 26 to 54 years and the dimensions of the masses removed ranged from 1.0 x 0.5 cm to 3.0 x 3.0 cm. All were confirmed by histological examination to be @entity362 . The @entity1 were followed up for an average period of nine months. There were no residual masses or recurrences and no complications of @entity16 . All the @entity1 were very satisfied with their 'scar less' operations. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic excision of @entity362 through a single-port approach is both safe and reliable. It is indicated in @entity1 who are prone to scarring or who are concerned with a @entity2318 .

title: Endoscopic resection of XXXX : A subperiosteal single-portal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['forehead lipomas', 'forehead lipoma', 'lipomata']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['forehead scar']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented scar']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['forehead lipoma']


abstract: @entity565 ( @entity565 ) is increasing in prevalence, affecting millions of @entity1 worldwide. In addition to being associated with increased mortality, @entity565 is associated with a decreased quality of life. @entity565 associated sleep disturbances and increased @entity25 are especially important in @entity1 due to the accompanying behavioral and developmental difficulties. As diurnal spirometry is not a practical tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of @entity565 , self or parental reports are used. @entity1 underreport and underestimate their @entity565 symptoms and parents are not fully aware of their @entity1 's @entity565 indicators. In addition, there is the lack of physician familiarity regarding the assessment and treatment of @entity565 . Therefore, @entity565 is chronically underreported. The development of a non-invasive, objective, home-based diagnostic tool is crucial in diagnosing and monitoring @entity1 with @entity565 . The presence of wheeze during sleep has been successfully employed as a tool to measure @entity565 in @entity1 . This review discusses the increasing prevalence of @entity565 , current diagnostic tools and the consequences of undiagnosed @entity565 in @entity1 . In conclusion, this paper suggests that an automated wheeze detective device is an objective and practical tool to aid the diagnosis and monitoring of @entity565 .

title: An unidentified monster in the bed--assessing nocturnal asthma in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Nocturnal asthma', 'NA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The mechanism underlying @entity1184 of experimentally vascularized bone grafts was studied in 15-week-old @entity35 . The segmental ulna was grafted to the tibial defect with an external fixator. In experiment 1, 24 @entity35 were classified into four groups to evaluate conventional (non-vascularized), cuff (periosteum-encased, non-vascularized), and vascularized bone grafts, and vascularized segmental grafts with @entity174 . In experiment 2, 12 @entity35 were classified into two groups according to the presence of mechanical loading. This involved vascularized bone grafts with external fixators, and vascularized bone grafts with external fixators removed after bone union. The bone dynamics of the grafts were investigated by several methods, including roentgenographic analysis, histologic studies, and fluorochrome labeling. In experiment 1, a slight bone formation was recognized in the conventional bone graft, while irregular bone formation with creeping substitution was observed in the cuff graft. The vascularized bone graft showed significant @entity1184 ; @entity1184 of the vascularized bone with @entity174 was greater than that without @entity174 . In experiment 2, markedly circumferential bone formation was observed after removal of the external fixator, while slight new bone formation was observed during the late postoperative period in bone with an external fixator. These results suggest that @entity1184 can be promoted by artificial @entity174 of the grafted bone, and that mechanical loading is an important factor for remodeling of grafted bone.

title: Experimental study of vascularized bone grafts: XXXX of the grafted bone.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reviewing our experience in the variety of pathological entities causing obstructive hydrocephalous, we evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment, with particular attention to surgical technique, nuances, and pitfalls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the cases of 57 consecutive @entity1 with obstructive @entity1276 of various origins in the last 9 years. They were treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). A septostomy was also performed in ten cases. Operative videos were reassessed, and surgical nuances reconsidered. RESULTS: ETV was accomplished in all but three cases. The overall rate of good results (shunt-independent @entity1 with clinical remission or improvement) was 81.5% (44/54). From ten @entity1 with ETV failure, five were re-ETVed successfully, and five were shunted. @entity1 with @entity1276 and @entity5 compressing the aqueduct received the greatest benefit from the ETV. There were no permanent morbidities or any mortality. Fundamentals of preoperative planning, postoperative evaluation, and technical pitfalls have been considered. CONCLUSION: ETV for obstructive @entity1276 of various origins is safe and effective, and should be considered as a first-line treatment. Familiarity with the ventricular anatomy and its variations in @entity1276 is key to success. Preoperative planning is mandatory. Awareness of potential pitfalls minimizes the risk.

title: Endoscopic third XXXX : surgical technique and pitfalls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['benign aqueductal stenosis', 'hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['ventriculostomy in obstructive hydrocephalus']


abstract: Holando-Argentina @entity291 (males and females) were experimentally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus var. Belfast (T. foetus) by introducing 10(7) protozoa into the preputial and vaginal cavities, in order to analyse the course of the immune response to @entity281 . Samples of serum, vaginal mucus and preputial secretion were taken periodically and assayed by means of microagglutination of living protozoa. The serum antibody titre, which averaged 32 before @entity281 and was equivalent to titres in a non-infected group, increased to 512 in the heifers 11 weeks later and to 128 in the bulls 4 months post- @entity281 . Agglutinating antibodies were not detected in the preputial cavity, but heifers showed antibodies in the vaginal mucus and became trichomoniasis free after 4 months. Conversely, genital secretions from the bulls gave rise to positive cultures during the whole period of experimentation. The intradermal sensitivity was checked using a soluble antigen from T. foetus. The diameter of the papula increased up to three times in heifers, while in bulls the results were no different than those from the non-infected group. Serum antibodies were of the IgG2 subclass, while those isolated from vaginal mucus were characterized as IgG1, an opsonizing antibody. Heifers were refractory to challenge @entity281 after 1 year. The poor immune response in bulls is consistent with their role as carriers of T. foetus.

title: The immune response in XXXX infected with Tritrichomonas foetus.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: CONTEXT: Surgery for the release of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 is a commonly performed procedure. Various interposition materials have been tried with varying success rates. However, none of these procedures attempt to recreate the architecture of the joint as the glenoid surface is usually left raw. AIMS: We aimed to use a vascularised cartilage flap and to line the raw surface of the bone to recreate the articular surface of the joint. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: There is a rich blood supply in the region of the helical root, based on branches from the Superficial Temporal Artery (STA), which enables the harvest of vascularised cartilage from the helical root for use in the @entity1348 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cases, one adult and the other a @entity1 , of unilateral @entity3947 were operated upon using this additional technique. The adult @entity1 had a bony segment excised along with a vascularised cartilage flap for lining the glenoid. The @entity1 was managed with an interposition graft of costochondral cartilage following the release of the @entity3947 , in addition to the vascularised cartilage flap for lining the glenoid. RESULTS: The @entity86 was good in both the cases with significant reduction in @entity158 . However, the long-term results of this procedure are yet to be ascertained. CONCLUSIONS: The vascularised cartilage flap as an additional interposition material in @entity1348 surgery enables early and @entity2133 with good short-term results. The potential applicability of this flap in various pathologies of the @entity1348 is enormous.

title: Use of vascularised cartilage as an additional interposition in temporomandibular XXXX surgery: Rationale, advantages and potential benefits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['painless mouth-opening']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative mouth opening']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity3947 :: (MESH:D000844,Disease) :: ['ankylosis']


abstract: @entity59760 (OC) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer from an herbal plant, Garcinia yunnanensis, during our previous bioassay-guided drug screening. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC(50) values of OC with that of @entity2879 , @entity1311 and @entity5713 in @entity5 cell lines including @entity1722 and @entity1262 overexpressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in @entity19 model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including @entity589 translocation, @entity4674 release, @entity522 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by @entity8186 activation, Bid cleavage and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor or overexpression of an anti-apoptotic protein, @entity1836 , prevented OC-induced cell death. Moreover, OC exhibited a wide anticancer spectrum in @entity5 cell lines with comparable IC(50) values, regardless of the expression levels of @entity1722 and @entity1262 . In contrast, the IC(50) values of three clinical anticancer drugs, @entity2879 , @entity1311 and @entity5713 were significantly elevated in @entity1722 and/or @entity1262 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, OC showed a similar antitumor effect but lower general @entity137 than @entity2879 against xenografted @entity1 @entity5 in @entity19 model. All these data suggested that OC is a promising apoptosis inducer with the potential to be developed into a clinical anticancer drug.

title: A new anticancer compound, @entity59760 , inhibits XXXX growth and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells through @entity589 activation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity59760 :: ('MESH:C575447', 'Chemical') :: ['Oblongifolin C']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity59760 (OC) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer from an herbal plant, Garcinia yunnanensis, during our previous bioassay-guided drug screening. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC(50) values of OC with that of @entity2879 , @entity1311 and @entity5713 in @entity5 cell lines including @entity1722 and @entity1262 overexpressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in @entity19 model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including @entity589 translocation, @entity4674 release, @entity522 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by @entity8186 activation, Bid cleavage and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor or overexpression of an anti-apoptotic protein, @entity1836 , prevented OC-induced cell death. Moreover, OC exhibited a wide anticancer spectrum in @entity5 cell lines with comparable IC(50) values, regardless of the expression levels of @entity1722 and @entity1262 . In contrast, the IC(50) values of three clinical anticancer drugs, @entity2879 , @entity1311 and @entity5713 were significantly elevated in @entity1722 and/or @entity1262 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, OC showed a similar antitumor effect but lower general @entity137 than @entity2879 against xenografted @entity1 @entity5 in @entity19 model. All these data suggested that OC is a promising apoptosis inducer with the potential to be developed into a clinical anticancer drug.

title: A new anticancer compound, XXXX , inhibits @entity5 growth and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells through @entity589 activation.

answer: @entity59760 :: (MESH:C575447,Chemical) :: ['oblongifolin C']


abstract: @entity59760 (OC) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer from an herbal plant, Garcinia yunnanensis, during our previous bioassay-guided drug screening. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC(50) values of OC with that of @entity2879 , @entity1311 and @entity5713 in @entity5 cell lines including @entity1722 and @entity1262 overexpressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in @entity19 model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including @entity589 translocation, @entity4674 release, @entity522 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by @entity8186 activation, Bid cleavage and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor or overexpression of an anti-apoptotic protein, @entity1836 , prevented OC-induced cell death. Moreover, OC exhibited a wide anticancer spectrum in @entity5 cell lines with comparable IC(50) values, regardless of the expression levels of @entity1722 and @entity1262 . In contrast, the IC(50) values of three clinical anticancer drugs, @entity2879 , @entity1311 and @entity5713 were significantly elevated in @entity1722 and/or @entity1262 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, OC showed a similar antitumor effect but lower general @entity137 than @entity2879 against xenografted @entity1 @entity5 in @entity19 model. All these data suggested that OC is a promising apoptosis inducer with the potential to be developed into a clinical anticancer drug.

title: A new anticancer compound, @entity59760 , inhibits @entity5 growth and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells through XXXX activation.

answer: @entity589 :: (581,Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: @entity1778 with @entity11626 gene translocations are a complication of primary @entity5 treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. How early translocations appear during primary @entity5 treatment has not been investigated. We tracked the leukemic clone with an @entity11626 gene translocation during @entity521 therapy in a @entity1 who developed @entity3052 . The karyotype of the leukemic clone showed del(11)(q23). We used panhandle PCR-based methods to isolate the breakpoint junction involving @entity11626 and an unknown partner gene. Marrow DNA from @entity521 diagnosis and DNA and RNA from serial preleukemic marrows were examined for the translocation. The karyotypic del(11)(q23) was a cryptic t(11;17). @entity50070 , a growth arrest-specific gene at chromosome band 17p13, was the partner gene of @entity11626 . Two different @entity50070 fusion transcripts were expressed. The translocation was already detectable by 1.5 months after the start of @entity521 treatment. The translocation was not detectable in the marrow at @entity521 diagnosis or in peripheral blood lymphocyte DNAs of six normal subjects. @entity50070 is a new partner gene of @entity11626 in treatment-related @entity3052 . @entity11626 gene translocations can be present early during anticancer treatment at low cumulative doses of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Although @entity11626 has many partner genes and most have not been characterized, panhandle PCR strategies afford new means for detecting @entity11626 gene translocations early during therapy when the partner gene is unknown.

title: Detection of XXXX -associated @entity50070 translocation early during chemotherapy with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemias']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: @entity1778 with @entity11626 gene translocations are a complication of primary @entity5 treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. How early translocations appear during primary @entity5 treatment has not been investigated. We tracked the leukemic clone with an @entity11626 gene translocation during @entity521 therapy in a @entity1 who developed @entity3052 . The karyotype of the leukemic clone showed del(11)(q23). We used panhandle PCR-based methods to isolate the breakpoint junction involving @entity11626 and an unknown partner gene. Marrow DNA from @entity521 diagnosis and DNA and RNA from serial preleukemic marrows were examined for the translocation. The karyotypic del(11)(q23) was a cryptic t(11;17). @entity50070 , a growth arrest-specific gene at chromosome band 17p13, was the partner gene of @entity11626 . Two different @entity50070 fusion transcripts were expressed. The translocation was already detectable by 1.5 months after the start of @entity521 treatment. The translocation was not detectable in the marrow at @entity521 diagnosis or in peripheral blood lymphocyte DNAs of six normal subjects. @entity50070 is a new partner gene of @entity11626 in treatment-related @entity3052 . @entity11626 gene translocations can be present early during anticancer treatment at low cumulative doses of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Although @entity11626 has many partner genes and most have not been characterized, panhandle PCR strategies afford new means for detecting @entity11626 gene translocations early during therapy when the partner gene is unknown.

title: Detection of @entity1778 -associated XXXX translocation early during chemotherapy with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors.

answer: @entity50070 :: (8522,Gene) :: ['MLL-GAS7']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the @entity137 and efficacy of isolated hepatic perfusion with @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and melphalan (Alkeran) under mild hyperthermic conditions. METHODS: A phase I trial was performed. Eleven @entity1 with unresectable metastatic @entity409 were pre-treated with 3 x 10(6) U leukocyte IFN daily 2 days before the perfusion. The liver was isolated and inflow catheters inserted in the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic veins were drained via a catheter in the retrohepatic caval vein. The venous blood flow from the lower extremities and the splanchnic circulation was bypassed to the axillar vein. The liver circuit was perfused with oxygenated blood and 30-200 microg @entity310 was added. At 39 degrees C in the liver circuit 0.5 mg/kg @entity3601 was added and the perfusion was continued for 1 h. RESULTS: Six @entity1 underwent re-operation due to @entity548 . Two @entity1 died of @entity1003 or @entity881 within the first post-operative month. Three of six @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity320 or @entity1822 showed a partial response while no @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 showed any response. The mean survival time was 20 months, which is within the same range as seen in previous isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) studies. CONCLUSIONS: IHP with this drug regimen is a method with a considerable @entity137 , though it is hard to distinguish between @entity137 from @entity310 and that from the perfusion procedure itself. The method was not effective in @entity1 with @entity14 , but the results in @entity320 and @entity1822 @entity1 warrant further studies.

title: Isolated hepatic perfusion with extracorporeal oxygenation using hyperthermia, XXXX necrosis factor alpha and melphalan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies in the liver']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: AIM: To report the use of laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy (LIPHC) in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: From September 2001 to December 2003, 14 @entity1 between the age of 56 and 78years were treated. Ascites was from @entity356 (5 cases), @entity14 (3 cases), @entity43 (3 cases), @entity0 (2 cases) and peritoneal mesothelioma (1 case). The LIPHC was carried out at 42 degrees C for 90 min with 1.5% @entity413 solution as a carrier. Chemotherapy was @entity900 and @entity632 or @entity1138 depending on the type of @entity5 . The drains were left in situ after surgery and removed when perfuse drainage ceased. RESULTS: Ascites was controlled in all the treated cases. A CT scan performed in follow-up showed a small, clinically undetectable, fluid accumulation in the pelvis of one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This method resulted in benefit for those peritoneal @entity189 @entity1 with debilitating @entity5 who were excluded from cytoreductive surgery. Proficiency in laparoscopic staging procedures and experience in the management of @entity189 and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) are required for the success of the procedure.

title: Laparoscopic intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for palliation of debilitating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: A 13-year-old Korean @entity1 is reported here as a case of mixed @entity444 . The @entity1 presented with perineal @entity2650 . He had scrotal testis, epididymis, @entity12108 on right side, and abdominal streak gonad, Fallopian tube on left side. He had also uterus and vagina. His chromosome was 46XY type. Among 59 reported cases in Japan, 12 had undergone plasty into male. All of them had @entity2650 . In 51 cases, 17 had testes in scrotum. None of them had a @entity5 . So we decided to do plasty in male, and to follow up his testis quite carefully.

title: [Mixed XXXX with plasty in males].

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumor']

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['vas deferens']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

answer: @entity444 :: (MESH:D006059,Disease) :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']


abstract: Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of chromosomal region 13q14 were performed to investigate the incidence and clinical importance of deletions in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Monoallelic deletions of the @entity995 -1 (rb-1) gene and the D13S319 locus were observed in 48 of 104 @entity1 (46.2%) and in 28 of 72 (38.9%) @entity1 , respectively, with newly diagnosed @entity1582 . FISH studies found that 13q14 was deleted in all 17 @entity1 with karyotypic evidence of monosomy 13 or deletion of 13q but also in 9 of 19 @entity1 with apparently normal karyotypes. @entity1 with a 13q14 deletion were more likely to have @entity5 (P =.022), higher serum levels of @entity2262 (P =.059), and a higher percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (P =.085) than @entity1 with a normal 13q14 status on FISH analysis. In @entity1 with a deletion of 13q14, @entity1582 cell proliferation (Ki-67) was markedly increased (22.0% +/- 6.9% compared with 15.6% +/- 8.2% in @entity1 without the deletion; P =.0008). Evaluation of @entity1603 incorporation in 5 @entity1 revealed that both rb-1-deleted and rb-1-normal @entity1582 subpopulations were proliferative. The presence of a 13q14 deletion on FISH analysis was associated with a significantly lower rate of response to conventional-dose chemotherapy (40.8% compared with 78. 6%; P =.009) and a shorter overall survival (24.2 months compared with > 60 months; P <.005) than in @entity1 without the deletion. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors confirmed the independent predictive value of 13q14 deletions for shortened survival. In conclusion, deletions of 13q14 are frequently detected by interphase FISH in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 , correlate with increased proliferative activity, and represent an independent adverse prognostic feature in @entity1582 . (Blood. 2000;95:1925-1930)

title: Deletion of 13q14 remains an independent adverse prognostic variable in XXXX despite its frequent detection by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: @entity528 is a salient feature of @entity1579 ; however, its causes and mechanisms are unclear The possibility that it could occur through an apoptotic process has been postulated and is consistent with the lack of @entity32 in prion disorders as supported by experimental studies. In order to test this hypothesis in @entity1 , we examined samples of frontal and temporal cerebral cortex, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum from 16 @entity1 who died from @entity3605 . They included 5 sporadic cases, 5 familial, 3 iatrogenic, and 3 cases with the new variant. These were compared with age and sex matched controls. Using in situ end labelling, we identified apoptotic neurons in all the cases of @entity3605 . A single labelled neuron was found in the eldest control. Apoptotic neurons were mostly found in damaged regions and their presence and abundance seemed to correlate closely with @entity528 . This supports the view that apoptosis of neurons is a feature of @entity1579 and may contribute to the @entity528 which is one of the main characteristics of these conditions. Neuronal apoptosis also correlated well with microglial activation, as demonstrated by the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens, and @entity21 , as identified by beta-amyloid protein precursor immunostaining. In contrast, we found no obvious relationship between the topography and severity of neuronal apoptosis and the type, topography, and abundance of @entity3669 deposits as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry.

title: Neuronal apoptosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss', 'Neuronal loss']

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: To evaluate the role of intracellular @entity460 and particularly @entity141 -uptake in the initiation of lymphocyte mitogenesis, the effect of @entity946 , which blocks both L- and T-type @entity460 channels with a more selective blockade of T-type channels, on the proliferation of @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is compared with the effect of @entity594 , which blocks only the L-type @entity460 channel. The rate of @entity665 incorporation into control and concanavalin A-stimulated PBMCs in the presence or absence of the @entity460 channel blockers @entity946 or @entity594 (1, 10, or 50 microM), and of the intracellular @entity460 antagonist @entity37239 ( @entity37239 ; 1, 10, 25, or 50 microM) was assayed in the cells cultured for 3 days. The cellular cytotoxicity and the cell number in growing cultures also was determined in @entity946 - or @entity594 -treated control or stimulated cells. Restoration of the proliferative response in @entity946 - or @entity594 -treated cells was investigated by addition of exogenous @entity1199 . @entity1199 -receptor expression in the cells was monitored by using anti-activated T-cell antigen (Tac) antibody, and the @entity1199 production in the cell supernatants of the cultures was determined by an enzyme-amplified sensitive immunoassay. @entity946 and @entity594 concentration-dependently reduced the cell number and the @entity665 incorporation or the de novo DNA synthesis in control and concanavalin A-stimulated @entity1 PBMCs. @entity946 exhibited a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs than did @entity594 . The inhibitory effect of @entity946 or @entity594 on DNA synthesis was dependent on the timing of treatment with the drugs. The inhibitory effect of @entity946 or @entity594 on the lymphoproliferative response was nearly abolished if the drugs were added 20 h after cell stimulation. A markedly reduced inhibitory effect was found when @entity946 or @entity594 was added 1-7 h after cell stimulation. However, regardless of time of addition, TMB-8 caused a persistent inhibition of the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs. The inhibitory effect of @entity946 or @entity594 on the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs is nearly abolished by addition of the @entity460 channel activator @entity9898 . The proliferative response of @entity946 - or @entity594 -treated cells is restored by addition of exogenous @entity1199 . The normal expression of @entity1199 receptors was preserved, whereas the @entity1199 production was blocked in the presence of @entity946 or @entity594 . Our data show that @entity946 has a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs than @entity594 and that this inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis is dependent on the timing of treatment with both drugs.

title: XXXX -induced inhibition of proliferation of @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-2']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['Mibefradil', 'mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity37239 :: ('MESH:C006014', 'Chemical') :: ['TMB-8', '3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino) octyl ester']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity946 :: (MESH:D020748,Chemical) :: ['Mibefradil']


abstract: To evaluate the role of intracellular @entity460 and particularly @entity141 -uptake in the initiation of lymphocyte mitogenesis, the effect of @entity946 , which blocks both L- and T-type @entity460 channels with a more selective blockade of T-type channels, on the proliferation of @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is compared with the effect of @entity594 , which blocks only the L-type @entity460 channel. The rate of @entity665 incorporation into control and concanavalin A-stimulated PBMCs in the presence or absence of the @entity460 channel blockers @entity946 or @entity594 (1, 10, or 50 microM), and of the intracellular @entity460 antagonist @entity37239 ( @entity37239 ; 1, 10, 25, or 50 microM) was assayed in the cells cultured for 3 days. The cellular cytotoxicity and the cell number in growing cultures also was determined in @entity946 - or @entity594 -treated control or stimulated cells. Restoration of the proliferative response in @entity946 - or @entity594 -treated cells was investigated by addition of exogenous @entity1199 . @entity1199 -receptor expression in the cells was monitored by using anti-activated T-cell antigen (Tac) antibody, and the @entity1199 production in the cell supernatants of the cultures was determined by an enzyme-amplified sensitive immunoassay. @entity946 and @entity594 concentration-dependently reduced the cell number and the @entity665 incorporation or the de novo DNA synthesis in control and concanavalin A-stimulated @entity1 PBMCs. @entity946 exhibited a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs than did @entity594 . The inhibitory effect of @entity946 or @entity594 on DNA synthesis was dependent on the timing of treatment with the drugs. The inhibitory effect of @entity946 or @entity594 on the lymphoproliferative response was nearly abolished if the drugs were added 20 h after cell stimulation. A markedly reduced inhibitory effect was found when @entity946 or @entity594 was added 1-7 h after cell stimulation. However, regardless of time of addition, TMB-8 caused a persistent inhibition of the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs. The inhibitory effect of @entity946 or @entity594 on the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs is nearly abolished by addition of the @entity460 channel activator @entity9898 . The proliferative response of @entity946 - or @entity594 -treated cells is restored by addition of exogenous @entity1199 . The normal expression of @entity1199 receptors was preserved, whereas the @entity1199 production was blocked in the presence of @entity946 or @entity594 . Our data show that @entity946 has a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the proliferation of @entity1 PBMCs than @entity594 and that this inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis is dependent on the timing of treatment with both drugs.

title: @entity946 -induced inhibition of proliferation of XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2652 is one of the most peculiar of @entity1 expressions and has become a cardinal symptom of @entity913 . The pathophysiology is unclear and the prevalence is unknown. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy may cure the symptom, but very few surgeons treat @entity1 with isolated @entity2652 . The literature is limited, and there are few long-term follow-up studies. METHODS: A follow-up study by questionnaire in 180 consecutive @entity1 who underwent thoracoscopic sympathectomy for isolated @entity2652 at two Danish university hospitals during a 6-year period. @entity1 routinely underwent T2 sympathectomy at the university hospital in Aarhus (n = 101) and T2-T3 sympathectomy at the university hospital in Odense (n = 79). RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 96% of the @entity1 after a median follow-up time of 20 months. Overall, 90% of the @entity1 had some effect from the operation, and the result was excellent or satisfactory in 75%. There was no significant difference between the two extents of sympathectomy. @entity3190 occurred in 88% of all @entity1 and was significantly more frequent after T2-T3 sympathectomy (p = 0.02) Ten percent of our @entity1 regretted the operation because of side effects or no effect of the operation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that thoracoscopic sympathectomy is an effective treatment for isolated @entity2652 . The majority of @entity1 achieve an excellent or satisfactory long-term result. Our results suggest that a T2 sympathectomy is superior for @entity1 with isolated @entity2652 because side effects are lower compared with a T2-T3 sympathectomy.

title: Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial blushing', 'Facial blushing']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['facial blushing']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial clinical efficacy of a plugged, bullet-shaped, angled stent for managing @entity9131 . DESCRIPTION: The stent consisted of two parts. The body part had a diameter of 18 approximately 25 mm and was 30 mm long in a tubular configuration covered with @entity691 at the lower part. The bronchial limb was a bullet-shaped configuration with a dead end, 11 approximately 14 mm in diameter, 10 approximately 30 mm long covered with @entity691 . The body part and the bronchial limb were connected at the angled portion without overlap with use of @entity5648 wire and @entity691 . The stents were placed in 6 @entity1 under fluoroscopic guidance. EVALUATION: Stent placement was technically successful in all @entity1 without complications. Immediate closure of the @entity9131 was achieved in all @entity1 after stent placement. Follow-up of 4 approximately 16 months, permanent closure of the @entity9131 was achieved in 4 @entity1 (66.67%), and permanent closure of the @entity9131 was achieved in 5 @entity1 (83.33%). No complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Closure of the @entity9131 with the stent was a simple, safe, and effective procedure.

title: A novel approach: treatment of XXXX with a plugged, bullet-shaped, angled stent.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9131 :: ('MESH:D001983', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stump fistula', 'bronchial pleural fistula']

answer: @entity9131 :: (MESH:D001983,Disease) :: ['bronchial stump fistula']


abstract: In 1996, 250 @entity1 living in the Dongting-Lake region of China were selected for a 2-year study. All had been or were infected with @entity2042 . All were treated with @entity2039 , although eggs of @entity2043 were only detected in stool samples from 75 of the subjects. In 1998, 213 (85.5%) of these subjects, then with a mean (S.D.) age of 40.2 (14.2) years, provided stool samples for final assessment. Forty-nine (23%) of the 213 were found to be re-infected in 1998, with a geometric mean intensity of infection among the infected of 64.5 eggs/g faeces. The rate of re-infection was highest among those aged < 10 years, declining with increasing age, and higher in males than females (27.3% v. 8.3%; P < 0.005). The mean intensity of infection among the infected males was also higher than that among the infected females [72.4 (4.8) v. 17.8 (2.5) eggs/g; P < 0.005]. Water contact by the subjects was estimated from activity diaries, for 141 days over the 2-year study period, and expressed as skin exposure, in m2-min/day. The mean exposure of a group of subjects was calculated by detransforming the mean of the fourth-root-transformed (i.e. normalized) values for the exposures of each subject within the group. Overall, the 213 individuals had a mean exposure of 6.2 m2-min/day. Differences in occupation led to males having much higher mean water exposures than females (9.2 v. 1.1 m2-min/day). As there was an inverse association between age-specific exposure and age-specific re-infection intensity, the marked reduction seen in intensity of re-infection with increasing age is not attributable to decreasing exposure to water. Instead, the results of this 2-year cohort study provide evidence for age-dependent resistance to re-infection with @entity2043 . The 213 subjects who were followed up were classified, according to epidemiological outcome at the end of the study and the data on water contact, as 'susceptible' (N = 49; 23%), 'insusceptible' (N = 29; 13.6%) or of 'uncertain status' (N = 135; 63.4%). Thus, 78 subjects who are potentially informative in terms of immunogenetics were identified. Further investigation of these individuals should help to shed some light on the role of immunogenetic status in @entity1 immunity to @entity2042 .

title: A 2-year prospective study in China provides epidemiological evidence for resistance in @entity1 to re-infection with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: In 1996, 250 @entity1 living in the Dongting-Lake region of China were selected for a 2-year study. All had been or were infected with @entity2042 . All were treated with @entity2039 , although eggs of @entity2043 were only detected in stool samples from 75 of the subjects. In 1998, 213 (85.5%) of these subjects, then with a mean (S.D.) age of 40.2 (14.2) years, provided stool samples for final assessment. Forty-nine (23%) of the 213 were found to be re-infected in 1998, with a geometric mean intensity of infection among the infected of 64.5 eggs/g faeces. The rate of re-infection was highest among those aged < 10 years, declining with increasing age, and higher in males than females (27.3% v. 8.3%; P < 0.005). The mean intensity of infection among the infected males was also higher than that among the infected females [72.4 (4.8) v. 17.8 (2.5) eggs/g; P < 0.005]. Water contact by the subjects was estimated from activity diaries, for 141 days over the 2-year study period, and expressed as skin exposure, in m2-min/day. The mean exposure of a group of subjects was calculated by detransforming the mean of the fourth-root-transformed (i.e. normalized) values for the exposures of each subject within the group. Overall, the 213 individuals had a mean exposure of 6.2 m2-min/day. Differences in occupation led to males having much higher mean water exposures than females (9.2 v. 1.1 m2-min/day). As there was an inverse association between age-specific exposure and age-specific re-infection intensity, the marked reduction seen in intensity of re-infection with increasing age is not attributable to decreasing exposure to water. Instead, the results of this 2-year cohort study provide evidence for age-dependent resistance to re-infection with @entity2043 . The 213 subjects who were followed up were classified, according to epidemiological outcome at the end of the study and the data on water contact, as 'susceptible' (N = 49; 23%), 'insusceptible' (N = 29; 13.6%) or of 'uncertain status' (N = 135; 63.4%). Thus, 78 subjects who are potentially informative in terms of immunogenetics were identified. Further investigation of these individuals should help to shed some light on the role of immunogenetic status in @entity1 immunity to @entity2042 .

title: A 2-year prospective study in China provides epidemiological evidence for resistance in XXXX to re-infection with @entity2042 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: First, to determine the effects of @entity231 surgery on subjectively experienced @entity227 in a defined population, at a specific frequency of surgery. Secondly, to validate questionnaire data regarding the visual function of @entity231 @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective population-based investigation of the subjective visual functional and visual acuity outcomes of @entity231 surgery over a 1 year time interval at one institution was conducted. All operated cases (n = 459) were grouped into three levels of @entity227 , according to the preoperative visual acuities of their better eyes. Subjective reading, TV watching, distance estimation and ability to orientate in unfamiliar surroundings, before and after surgery, were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. The subjective outcomes were related to the subjects' post-operative visual acuities. The statistical evaluations comprised analyses of variance, Yates'-corrected chi-squared tests, weighted kappa and correlation statistics. RESULTS: The pre-operative subjective @entity227 of the @entity1 were significantly correlated with the pre-operative visual acuities of the @entity1 ' better eyes. There was an improvement in subjective reading ability, distance estimation and ability to orientate in unfamiliar surroundings for most @entity1 at all three pre-operative visual acuity levels. After surgery there was a stronger correlation between the subjective functional improvement and the increase in visual acuity for the operated eye than for the better eye. CONCLUSIONS: An incidence of @entity231 surgery of 3.3 per 1000 population for the year the present study was conducted seems not to be an over-utilisation of resources. Irrespective of the visual acuity level before @entity231 surgery, the vast majority of @entity1 gain better subjective visual function and better acuity after surgery. It is possible to gain valid information from @entity231 surgery @entity1 using a short questionnaire.

title: Impact of XXXX surgery on visual acuity and subjective functional outcomes: a population-based study in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disabilities', 'visual impairment', 'visual function and visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Lysosomal membranes contain two highly glycosylated proteins, designated @entity32329 and @entity9674 , as major components. @entity32329 and @entity9674 are structurally related. To investigate the physiological role of @entity32329 , we have generated @entity19 deficient for this protein. @entity32329 -deficient @entity19 are viable and fertile. In @entity32329 -deficient brain, a mild regional astrogliosis and altered immunoreactivity against @entity43005 was observed. Histological and ultrastructural analyses of all other tissues did not reveal abnormalities. Lysosomal properties, such as enzyme activities, lysosomal pH, osmotic stability, density, shape, and subcellular distribution were not changed in comparison with controls. Western blot analyses of @entity32329 -deficient and heterozygote tissues revealed an up-regulation of the @entity9674 protein pointing to a compensatory effect of @entity9674 in response to the @entity32329 deficiency. The increase of @entity9674 was neither correlated with an increase in the level of @entity9674 mRNAs nor with increased half-life time of @entity9674 . This findings suggest a translational regulation of @entity9674 expression.

title: Normal lysosomal morphology and function in XXXX -deficient @entity19 .

answer: @entity32329 :: (16783(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['LAMP-1']


abstract: Lysosomal membranes contain two highly glycosylated proteins, designated @entity32329 and @entity9674 , as major components. @entity32329 and @entity9674 are structurally related. To investigate the physiological role of @entity32329 , we have generated @entity19 deficient for this protein. @entity32329 -deficient @entity19 are viable and fertile. In @entity32329 -deficient brain, a mild regional astrogliosis and altered immunoreactivity against @entity43005 was observed. Histological and ultrastructural analyses of all other tissues did not reveal abnormalities. Lysosomal properties, such as enzyme activities, lysosomal pH, osmotic stability, density, shape, and subcellular distribution were not changed in comparison with controls. Western blot analyses of @entity32329 -deficient and heterozygote tissues revealed an up-regulation of the @entity9674 protein pointing to a compensatory effect of @entity9674 in response to the @entity32329 deficiency. The increase of @entity9674 was neither correlated with an increase in the level of @entity9674 mRNAs nor with increased half-life time of @entity9674 . This findings suggest a translational regulation of @entity9674 expression.

title: Normal lysosomal morphology and function in @entity32329 -deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of drug eluting stents (DES) in @entity1 with a successfully recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO) has been associated with a significant decrease in the need for repeat revascularization, and a favorable short-term clinical outcome when compared with the use of bare metal stents (BMS). Our group, however, has previously reported similar rates of @entity75 revascularisation (TLR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 3 years follow-up in @entity1 with a successfully opened CTO who were treated with either a @entity3446 eluting stent (SES) or a BMS. The objective of this report was to evaluate the outcomes of these @entity1 at 5-years clinical follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 140 (BMS 64, SES 76) @entity1 with successfully opened CTOs were included. Seven @entity1 died in the BMS group whilst nine @entity1 died in the SES group (P = 0.90). @entity204 was the major component of all-cause mortality (11 noncardiac deaths vs. 5 cardiac). There were two and three @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 1.0). The composite of @entity204 and @entity583 occurred in seven (10.9%) and eleven (14.5%) @entity1 in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.53). Clinically driven TLR was performed in eight @entity1 (12.5%) in the BMS group, and five (6.6%) in the SES group (P = 0.26). Non-TLR target vessel revascularization was performed in one @entity1 in the BMS group, and four in the SES group (P = 0.37). The 5-year device-oriented cumulative MACE rate was 15.6% and 11.8% in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.56). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with a successfully treated CTO, clinical outcome after 5 years was similar between SES and BMS, however, clinically driven TLR was slightly higher in the BMS group.

title: Five-year clinical outcomes after coronary stenting of chronic total occlusion using XXXX -eluting stents: insights from the @entity3446 -eluting stent evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital-(Research) Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Noncardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of drug eluting stents (DES) in @entity1 with a successfully recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO) has been associated with a significant decrease in the need for repeat revascularization, and a favorable short-term clinical outcome when compared with the use of bare metal stents (BMS). Our group, however, has previously reported similar rates of @entity75 revascularisation (TLR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 3 years follow-up in @entity1 with a successfully opened CTO who were treated with either a @entity3446 eluting stent (SES) or a BMS. The objective of this report was to evaluate the outcomes of these @entity1 at 5-years clinical follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 140 (BMS 64, SES 76) @entity1 with successfully opened CTOs were included. Seven @entity1 died in the BMS group whilst nine @entity1 died in the SES group (P = 0.90). @entity204 was the major component of all-cause mortality (11 noncardiac deaths vs. 5 cardiac). There were two and three @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 1.0). The composite of @entity204 and @entity583 occurred in seven (10.9%) and eleven (14.5%) @entity1 in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.53). Clinically driven TLR was performed in eight @entity1 (12.5%) in the BMS group, and five (6.6%) in the SES group (P = 0.26). Non-TLR target vessel revascularization was performed in one @entity1 in the BMS group, and four in the SES group (P = 0.37). The 5-year device-oriented cumulative MACE rate was 15.6% and 11.8% in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.56). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with a successfully treated CTO, clinical outcome after 5 years was similar between SES and BMS, however, clinically driven TLR was slightly higher in the BMS group.

title: Five-year clinical outcomes after coronary stenting of chronic total occlusion using @entity3446 -eluting stents: insights from the XXXX -eluting stent evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital-(Research) Registry.

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is a commonly encountered @entity1583 with significant renal involvement and often presents as @entity177 . The aim of the present study is to analyze clinical spectrum of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity1 with @entity1582 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 26 (males 24; females 2) @entity1 of @entity1582 who were referred for evaluation of @entity810 between July 1994 - June 2007. The referral diagnosis did not include @entity1582 in majority 23 (88%) of the @entity1 . @entity1582 was diagnosed by at least two of the four features; (1) @entity79 , (2) serum or urine monoclonal peak, (3) Bence Jones @entity644 and (4) more than 20% plama cells in marrow aspirate. RESULTS: @entity1582 contributes 1.93% of total @entity810 cases (26/1342) over a period of thirteen years. Mean age of @entity1 was 59.3 +/- 7.4 years. The clinical manifestations of @entity1582 included; @entity417 (100%), Bence Jones @entity644 (80%), "M" peak in serum electrophoresis (69%), @entity79 (62%), "M" peak in urine electrophoresis (54%), @entity158 (58%), @entity8450 cells more than 20% in bone marrow aspirate (38%). Oliguric @entity810 was seen in 73% @entity1 . The precipitating factors of @entity810 identified were; @entity2741 (31%); @entity281 (23%); volume depletion (19%); and NSAIDs in (15%). Dialysis support was needed in 77% of the @entity1 because of severe @entity177 at presentation with mean serum @entity1011 of 9.05 +/- 2.84 mg%. Seventeen @entity1 completed chemotherapy, seven last to follow up and two @entity1 died. Ten (38.5%) @entity1 had complete recovery of renal function; three @entity1 had partial recovery and off dialysis and four @entity1 remained dialysis dependent. Remission of @entity1582 was achieved in nine of seventeen @entity1 treated with chemotherapy Renal biopsy finding in nine @entity1 revealed-cast @entity8 in (4), @entity2783 in (3), proliferative @entity631 in (1) and cast @entity8 with chronic @entity1986 and @entity8450 cell infiltration in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Acute reversible @entity177 is a common complication in @entity1582 , @entity1582 should be considered as cause a cause of unexplained @entity810 in middle aged and elderly @entity1 .

title: @entity1582 --presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'Multiple myeloma', 'multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['lytic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['body pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is a commonly encountered @entity1583 with significant renal involvement and often presents as @entity177 . The aim of the present study is to analyze clinical spectrum of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity1 with @entity1582 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 26 (males 24; females 2) @entity1 of @entity1582 who were referred for evaluation of @entity810 between July 1994 - June 2007. The referral diagnosis did not include @entity1582 in majority 23 (88%) of the @entity1 . @entity1582 was diagnosed by at least two of the four features; (1) @entity79 , (2) serum or urine monoclonal peak, (3) Bence Jones @entity644 and (4) more than 20% plama cells in marrow aspirate. RESULTS: @entity1582 contributes 1.93% of total @entity810 cases (26/1342) over a period of thirteen years. Mean age of @entity1 was 59.3 +/- 7.4 years. The clinical manifestations of @entity1582 included; @entity417 (100%), Bence Jones @entity644 (80%), "M" peak in serum electrophoresis (69%), @entity79 (62%), "M" peak in urine electrophoresis (54%), @entity158 (58%), @entity8450 cells more than 20% in bone marrow aspirate (38%). Oliguric @entity810 was seen in 73% @entity1 . The precipitating factors of @entity810 identified were; @entity2741 (31%); @entity281 (23%); volume depletion (19%); and NSAIDs in (15%). Dialysis support was needed in 77% of the @entity1 because of severe @entity177 at presentation with mean serum @entity1011 of 9.05 +/- 2.84 mg%. Seventeen @entity1 completed chemotherapy, seven last to follow up and two @entity1 died. Ten (38.5%) @entity1 had complete recovery of renal function; three @entity1 had partial recovery and off dialysis and four @entity1 remained dialysis dependent. Remission of @entity1582 was achieved in nine of seventeen @entity1 treated with chemotherapy Renal biopsy finding in nine @entity1 revealed-cast @entity8 in (4), @entity2783 in (3), proliferative @entity631 in (1) and cast @entity8 with chronic @entity1986 and @entity8450 cell infiltration in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Acute reversible @entity177 is a common complication in @entity1582 , @entity1582 should be considered as cause a cause of unexplained @entity810 in middle aged and elderly @entity1 .

title: XXXX --presenting as @entity810 .

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ) is a @entity395 characterized by @entity565 , @entity1712 , and systemic @entity1333 . Renal involvement is not regarded as a prominent feature, and its prevalence and severity vary widely in published reports that usually refer to small series of selected @entity1 . METHODS: We examined the prevalence, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis of @entity8 in 116 @entity1 with @entity12534 . RESULTS: There were 48 @entity1 and 68 @entity1 with a mean age of 51.9 years (range, 18 to 86 years). Signs of @entity8 were present in 31 @entity1 (26.7%). Rapidly progressive @entity177 was documented in 16 @entity1 (13.8%); @entity1494 , 14 @entity1 (12.1%); and chronic @entity8 , 1 @entity1 . There were 3 additional cases of @entity3551 . Sixteen @entity1 underwent renal biopsy, which showed necrotizing crescentic @entity631 in 11 @entity1 . Other diagnoses were eosinophilic @entity1986 , @entity631 , and focal @entity1463 . Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was positive in 21 of 28 @entity1 (75.0%) with @entity8 versus 19 of 74 @entity1 without (25.7%; P < 0.001). In particular, all @entity1 with necrotizing crescentic @entity631 were ANCA positive. After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 10 @entity1 died (5 @entity1 with @entity8 ) and 7 @entity1 developed mild @entity740 . Five-year mortality rates were 11.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.9 to 33.3) in @entity1 with @entity8 and 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 10.7) in those without (P = 0.10). CONCLUSION: @entity8 are present in about one quarter of @entity1 with @entity12534 . The prevailing picture is ANCA-associated necrotizing crescentic @entity631 ; however, other forms of @entity8 also may occur. Outcome and long-term follow-up usually are good.

title: Renal involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal impairment', 'renal abnormalities', 'renal disease', 'Renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis', 'mesangial glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristic and surgical treatment of cervicothoracic spine @entity174 complicated with @entity1566 . METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with cervicothoracic @entity174 and @entity1566 were retrospectively analyzed from January 1998 to January 2007. There were 29 males and 9 females with an average age of 36.4 years ranging from 18 to 58 years. All @entity1 suffered from @entity158 and limitation of motion on cervicothoracic junction. According to American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) grades, 4 cases were in grade A, 13 cases in grade B, 10 cases in grade C, 7 cases in grade D and 4 cases in grade E. All @entity1 were treated with anterior decompressed, bone graft and Zephir plate fixation in cervicothoracic spine. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up for 1 to 10 years, the mean followed up time was 4.5 years. And all @entity1 got complete bone fusion within 4 to 6 months postoperatively. There were no pull-out and breakage of screws or plates. Spinal cord functional recovery improved on average 3.8 degree according AISA standard. Two @entity1 appeared transient hoarse voice after surgery, the symptoms were alleviated from 3 to 6 months after operation. Seven @entity1 were complicated with @entity4820 preoperatively, and the symptoms were disappeared after operation. CONCLUSION: The clinical situation of cervicothoracic spine @entity174 with @entity1566 is complicated. And anterior decompressed, bone graft and internal fixation performed on cervicothoracic spine @entity174 can achieve an efficient and safe clinical outcome.

title: [Characteristic and surgical treatment of cervicothoracic spine XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spine cord injury']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ['Horner syndrome']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: This study describes the sensations and @entity158 reported by @entity1 with unilateral lower extremity amputations. @entity1 (n = 92) were recruited from two hospitals to complete the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire which included questions about amputation related sensations and @entity158 . Using a visual analog scale, @entity1 reported the frequency, intensity, and @entity20293 and @entity20293 . A survey of medication use for each category of sensations also was included. Statistical analyses revealed that @entity20293 were common and more frequent than phantom limb @entity158 . Residual limb @entity158 and @entity615 were also common after amputation. Back @entity158 surprisingly was rated as more bothersome than phantom limb @entity158 or residual limb @entity158 . Back @entity158 was significantly more common in @entity1 with above knee amputations. These results support the importance of looking at @entity158 as a multidimensional rather than a unidimensional construct. They also suggest that @entity615 after lower extremity amputation may be an overlooked but very important @entity158 problem warranting additional clinical attention and study.

title: Phantom limb, XXXX after lower extremity amputations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity20293 :: ('MESH:D010591', 'Disease') :: ['bothersomeness of phantom limb, residual limb, and back pain', 'nonpainful phantom limb sensations']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['residual limb, and back pain']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of two polyvalent horse-derived antivenoms in Bothrops asper envenomings were tested in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial performed in Colombia. Both antivenoms were manufactured from the same pool of hyperimmune plasma. Antivenom A was made of F(ab')2 fragments, generated by pepsin digestion and @entity6212 precipitation, whereas antivenom B consisted of whole IgG molecules produced by @entity6212 precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Besides the different nature of the active substance, antivenom B had higher protein concentration, slightly higher turbidity and aggregate content. No significant differences were observed in the efficacy of antivenoms. Both halted local and systemic @entity548 (P = 0.40) within 6-12 h of treatment in 100% of the cases, and @entity1003 (P = 0.87) within 6-24 h in 84.7% of @entity1 , and within 48 h in all of them, in agreement with restoration of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Venom concentrations in serum dropped significantly (P < 0.001), to very low levels, 1 h after antivenom infusion. Nevertheless, eight @entity1 (11.1%), four for each antivenom, presented recurrence of venom antigenaemia at different times, from 6 to 96 h, with clinical significance ( @entity1003 ) only in one group B @entity1 (2.9%). Serum @entity908 kinase (CK) activity was increased, as a consequence of local myonecrosis. There was no significant difference (P = 0.51) in the incidence of early adverse reactions to antivenom administration (28.9% for @entity1 of group A and 20.6% for @entity1 of group B), most of the reactions being mild, mainly cutaneous. The most frequent complications were @entity2688 (16.7%), @entity733 formation (5.6%), @entity810 (8.3%), and @entity751 (5.6%). In conclusion, IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms, prepared by @entity6212 fractionation, presented similar efficacy and safety profiles for the treatment of B. asper envenomings in Colombia.

title: Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of two polyvalent, XXXX fractionated [IgG and F(ab')2] antivenoms, in Bothrops asper bites in Colombia.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['caprylic acid']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent coagulopathy', 'restored blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['compartmental syndrome']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity6212 :: (MESH:C031492,Chemical) :: ['caprylic acid']