abstract: The literature provides scant data concerning infectious complications and their effect on the outcome of @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) treated with new drug combinations. Despite no substantial myelotoxic effect, @entity2816 increases the risk of severe @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1582 . We studied 202 @entity1 who received regimens containing @entity2816 in order to assess the time, type, outcome, and factors affecting development of severe @entity281 , role of antibiotic prophylaxis, and effect of severe @entity281 on final outcome. Thirty-eight @entity1 (19%) developed a severe @entity281 early during induction therapy and most @entity281 were @entity55 . Only one @entity1 died due to @entity326 during @entity1398 . No significant differences were reported in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between @entity1 developing a severe @entity281 and those who did not. Multivariate analysis determined a monoclonal component >3 g/dL and platelets <130,000/ L as factors associated with increased risk of severe @entity281 . Primary antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the probability of severe @entity281 only in @entity1 having both the above risk factors. @entity1 with @entity1582 receiving @entity2816 combinations with high @entity5 burden are at high risk of developing severe @entity281 and require primary antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas in other @entity1 it is questionable. However, @entity1 final outcome was not affected by @entity281 development.

title: Infectious complications in XXXX with @entity1582 treated with new drug combinations containing @entity2816 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs AEDs have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), whereas studies on @entity4677 ( @entity29279 ), a nonenzyme-inducing agent, have showed conflicting results. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of @entity29279 in bone health. A sample of forty-six @entity1 with @entity302 (mean age: 35.7years, range: 20.2-64.2years, 39.1% males) on @entity29279 monotherapy for at least one year (range: 1.5-14.5years, median 5.5years) underwent femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD measurements. The T- and Z-scores were calculated. Results showed that 15.2% of the @entity1 were identified with @entity2331 and none with @entity170 . Pearson's correlations revealed a negative but not significant association of @entity29279 duration with bone-related measurements (range of rhos: from -0.004 to -0.23), except for LS T-scores. In terms of FN BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, longer @entity29279 therapy duration had adverse but not significant effects on bone health after adjusting for age and gender. With regard to LS BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, @entity1 taking @entity29279 for at least 5.5years had better, although not significant, bone health compared with @entity1 with shorter @entity29279 exposure, after adjusting for age. The opposite was found in @entity1 , although differences did not reach significance. These preliminary results are indicative of a differential effect of @entity29279 therapy duration in @entity1 and @entity1 , which could presumably account for the incongruity of the already published studies. Also, LS assessments were more sensitive to these gender differences. Future larger studies should validate these results.

title: Preliminary evidence for gender effects of XXXX monotherapy duration on bone health of @entity1 with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['levetiracetam']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs AEDs have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), whereas studies on @entity4677 ( @entity29279 ), a nonenzyme-inducing agent, have showed conflicting results. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of @entity29279 in bone health. A sample of forty-six @entity1 with @entity302 (mean age: 35.7years, range: 20.2-64.2years, 39.1% males) on @entity29279 monotherapy for at least one year (range: 1.5-14.5years, median 5.5years) underwent femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD measurements. The T- and Z-scores were calculated. Results showed that 15.2% of the @entity1 were identified with @entity2331 and none with @entity170 . Pearson's correlations revealed a negative but not significant association of @entity29279 duration with bone-related measurements (range of rhos: from -0.004 to -0.23), except for LS T-scores. In terms of FN BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, longer @entity29279 therapy duration had adverse but not significant effects on bone health after adjusting for age and gender. With regard to LS BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, @entity1 taking @entity29279 for at least 5.5years had better, although not significant, bone health compared with @entity1 with shorter @entity29279 exposure, after adjusting for age. The opposite was found in @entity1 , although differences did not reach significance. These preliminary results are indicative of a differential effect of @entity29279 therapy duration in @entity1 and @entity1 , which could presumably account for the incongruity of the already published studies. Also, LS assessments were more sensitive to these gender differences. Future larger studies should validate these results.

title: Preliminary evidence for gender effects of @entity4677 monotherapy duration on bone health of @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs AEDs have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), whereas studies on @entity4677 ( @entity29279 ), a nonenzyme-inducing agent, have showed conflicting results. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of @entity29279 in bone health. A sample of forty-six @entity1 with @entity302 (mean age: 35.7years, range: 20.2-64.2years, 39.1% males) on @entity29279 monotherapy for at least one year (range: 1.5-14.5years, median 5.5years) underwent femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD measurements. The T- and Z-scores were calculated. Results showed that 15.2% of the @entity1 were identified with @entity2331 and none with @entity170 . Pearson's correlations revealed a negative but not significant association of @entity29279 duration with bone-related measurements (range of rhos: from -0.004 to -0.23), except for LS T-scores. In terms of FN BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, longer @entity29279 therapy duration had adverse but not significant effects on bone health after adjusting for age and gender. With regard to LS BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, @entity1 taking @entity29279 for at least 5.5years had better, although not significant, bone health compared with @entity1 with shorter @entity29279 exposure, after adjusting for age. The opposite was found in @entity1 , although differences did not reach significance. These preliminary results are indicative of a differential effect of @entity29279 therapy duration in @entity1 and @entity1 , which could presumably account for the incongruity of the already published studies. Also, LS assessments were more sensitive to these gender differences. Future larger studies should validate these results.

title: Preliminary evidence for gender effects of @entity4677 monotherapy duration on bone health of XXXX with @entity302 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study compared clinical outcomes of two diverse therapeutic strategies for upper thoracic ( @entity2731 ) spinal @entity378 with @entity51 in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 18 cases undergoing single-stage posterior transpedicular decompression, debridement, interbody fusion, and instrumentation (Group A). Sixteen cases underwent single- or two-stage anterior debridement, bone grafting, and posterior instrumentation (Group B). The clinical and radiographic results for these @entity1 were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up for an average of 40.9  4.0 months (range 36-48 months). Results demonstrated that the average operative duration, @entity190 , hospital stays, and operative complication rate were lesser for Group A than for Group B. The average fusion time was 8.1  1.5 months and 7.8  2.9 months in Groups A and B, respectively (p>0.05). Cobb's angles were significantly corrected after surgical management, but loss of correction occurred in both groups. All @entity1 had significant postoperative neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Single-stage posterior transpedicular debridement, decompression, interbody fusion and instrumentation might be a better surgical treatment compared with combined posterior and anterior approaches. Such techniques may result in fewer complications and a better quality of life for elderly @entity1 .

title: Two approaches for treating upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis with XXXX in the elderly: A retrospective case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurological deficits']


abstract: In this study, @entity7049 ( @entity15274 )/ @entity23054 ( @entity33270 ) solution was electrospun to fabricate fibrous scaffolds with different fiber orientations. Random and parallel @entity15274 nanofiber alignments were achieved by using a metal plate and a rolling rod as the receiver, respectively. The parallel @entity15274 fibrous scaffolds were further hot-stretched to obtain hyperparallel @entity15274 fibrous scaffolds. The @entity15274 fibrous scaffolds were characterized by fiber diameter, interfiber distance, fiber array angle, water contact angle, morphology and mechanical strength. The tensile strength of hyperparallel nano-fibers was approximately 5- and 14-times the parallel and random fibers, respectively. Osteoblast-like MG63 cells were cultured on the @entity15274 scaffolds to study the effects of fiber orientation on cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation. The cells on the randomly-oriented scaffolds showed irregular forms, while the cells exhibited shuttle-like shapes on the parallel scaffolds and had larger aspect ratios along the fiber direction of the hyperparallel scaffolds. @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity and collagen I (placeStateCol I) and osteocalcin (OC) deposition exhibited fiber orientation dependence. With an increase in parallelism of the fibers, there was a decrease in @entity623 activity and placeStateCol I and OC production. These results suggest that exploitation of @entity15274 fiber orientation may be used to control osteoblast-like cell responses.

title: The effect of XXXX nanofiber orientation on osteogenic responses of human osteoblast-like MG63 cells.

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (L-lactic acid)']

entities_list: @entity23054 :: ('MESH:D014270', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethanol']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'Alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly (L-lactic acid)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is frequently linked with @entity162 and is associated with @entity162 and negative outcomes. The temporal dynamics of subjective @entity23 are unclear, in particular whether @entity23 precedes or follows changes in positive or negative affect. METHODS: A total of 41 outpatients with @entity162 (I or II) were provided with mobile devices for 11 weeks and completed twice-daily surveys about affective states and subjective @entity23 . We examined the association between aggregate subjective @entity23 with baseline global cognitive function, suicide risk ratings, and medication adherence, as well as concurrent and lagged associations with momentary positive and negative affect ratings. RESULTS: A total of 2902 ratings were available across study subjects. Higher aggregate mean ratings of @entity23 were associated with @entity73 , prior suicide attempts, and self-reported problems with medication adherence, as well as more severe @entity162 (but not depressive) symptoms. Time-lagged models indicated that greater negative affect, but not positive affect, predicted subsequent increases in subjective @entity23 , which, in turn, predicted diminished positive affect. LIMITATIONS: Other measures of @entity23 with which to validate subjective ratings were unavailable and the sample was restricted to generally clinically stable outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective @entity23 as measured by daily monitoring was associated with worse cognitive function and self-rated medication adherence, and higher suicide risk ratings. Impulsivity may be a maladaptive strategy to regulate negative affect in @entity162 .

title: The temporal course and clinical correlates of subjective XXXX as revealed through ecological momentary assessment.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['worse baseline global cognitive function']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['impulsivity in bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is an important cause of @entity1534 treatment failure. This study aimed to examine the change in H. @entity1534 antibiotic resistance profile in Singapore over the course of 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study period was from 2000 to 2014. Gastric mucosal biopsies obtained from @entity1534 -positive @entity1 were cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility to @entity868 , @entity4581 , @entity5553 , @entity803 , and @entity115 was tested. The change in resistance rates over time was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 708 @entity1534 isolates were cultured. There was a significant increase in resistance rates for @entity868 (2000-2002: 24.8%; 2012-2014: 48.2%; p < .001), @entity4581 (2000-2002: 7.9%; 2012-2014: 17.1%; p = .022), and @entity5553 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 14.7%; p = .007). The resistance rates for @entity803 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 7.6%) and @entity115 (2000-2002: 3%; 2012-2014: 4.4%) remained stable. Increase in dual (2000-2002: 6.9%; 2012-2014: 9.4%; p = .479) and triple antibiotic resistance rates (2000-2002: 0; 2012-2014: 7.6%; p < .001) were observed. Overall, the most common dual and triple resistance patterns were @entity868 / @entity4581 (4.4%) and @entity868 / @entity4581 / @entity5553 (1.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Over 15 years, @entity1534 resistance rates to @entity868 , @entity4581 and @entity5553 had increased. There was increased resistance to multiple antibiotics.

title: The Changing Profile of XXXX @entity1534 Antibiotic Resistance in Singapore: A 15-Year Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is an important cause of @entity1534 treatment failure. This study aimed to examine the change in H. @entity1534 antibiotic resistance profile in Singapore over the course of 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study period was from 2000 to 2014. Gastric mucosal biopsies obtained from @entity1534 -positive @entity1 were cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility to @entity868 , @entity4581 , @entity5553 , @entity803 , and @entity115 was tested. The change in resistance rates over time was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 708 @entity1534 isolates were cultured. There was a significant increase in resistance rates for @entity868 (2000-2002: 24.8%; 2012-2014: 48.2%; p < .001), @entity4581 (2000-2002: 7.9%; 2012-2014: 17.1%; p = .022), and @entity5553 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 14.7%; p = .007). The resistance rates for @entity803 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 7.6%) and @entity115 (2000-2002: 3%; 2012-2014: 4.4%) remained stable. Increase in dual (2000-2002: 6.9%; 2012-2014: 9.4%; p = .479) and triple antibiotic resistance rates (2000-2002: 0; 2012-2014: 7.6%; p < .001) were observed. Overall, the most common dual and triple resistance patterns were @entity868 / @entity4581 (4.4%) and @entity868 / @entity4581 / @entity5553 (1.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Over 15 years, @entity1534 resistance rates to @entity868 , @entity4581 and @entity5553 had increased. There was increased resistance to multiple antibiotics.

title: The Changing Profile of @entity1534 XXXX Antibiotic Resistance in Singapore: A 15-Year Study.

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['pylori']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of @entity169 repair with local anesthesia in an outpatient regime, with safety, efficacy and short learning curve. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 454 @entity1 undergoing @entity169 repair under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis between November 2004 and August 2008. Of the total number of @entity547 surgically treated in this period, 285 were operated on the right, 163 on the left and six bilateral. We used clinical, surgical and psychosocial criteria for inclusion in the procedure. The parameters for exclusion were complex, irreducible or recurrent @entity547 , @entity28 (BMI greater than 30 kg/m  ), @entity1 's refusal and @entity146 . All @entity1 underwent elective surgery and were analyzed regarding surgical outcome, complications and hospital stay. RESULTS: All operations were completed successfully. In no case there was need to change the anesthetic method. Surgical time was similar to that conducted with other methods of anesthesia and there were no cases of adverse effects of local anesthetics. Intra-operative complications amounted to approximately 2.64% (12/454). There was no need for hospital admissions greater than 24 hours. CONCLUSION: The procedure is feasible and causes no perioperative significant @entity158 , is safe, can be performed by residents under supervision, has satisfactory @entity1 acceptance and complications similar to those observed in a conventional herniorrhaphy, allowing lower time and cost of hospitalization and faster access to treatment.

title: XXXX repair with local anesthesia in the outpatient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['Inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity6661 is inevitable in longitudinal epidemiological studies, @entity146 studies are thought to be especially sensitive to @entity6661 . This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and @entity146 at 2-year follow-up in the Netherlands Study of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHODS: Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic and @entity146 and the influence of clinical @entity146 characteristics on @entity6661 . In addition, differences in determinants between 3 types of @entity6661 (refusal, noncontact, and not able to participate) were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity6661 rate at the 2-year follow-up assessment was 12.9% (385/2981), representing 6 deceased @entity1 , 250 refusers, 51 noncontacts, and 78 @entity1 unable to participate because of health reasons. Determinants of @entity6661 were younger age, less years of education, not being of North European descent, being recruited in Amsterdam, no previous participation in research, and having major @entity308 . Only the effects of age, sampling site, and previous participation in research differed between types of @entity6661 . Furthermore, comorbid depressive and @entity148 and higher symptom severity were associated with @entity6661 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the view that @entity146 epidemiological research is more prone to high @entity6661 rates, this study revealed a relatively low @entity6661 rate. Furthermore, both sociodemographic and @entity146 variables were independent determinants of @entity6661 . Oversampling of subgroups that are at higher risk of dropout may be advisable for future @entity146 cohort studies.

title: Sociodemographic and @entity146 in the Netherlands Study of @entity308 and XXXX (NESDA).

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric determinants of attrition']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity6661 is inevitable in longitudinal epidemiological studies, @entity146 studies are thought to be especially sensitive to @entity6661 . This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and @entity146 at 2-year follow-up in the Netherlands Study of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHODS: Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic and @entity146 and the influence of clinical @entity146 characteristics on @entity6661 . In addition, differences in determinants between 3 types of @entity6661 (refusal, noncontact, and not able to participate) were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity6661 rate at the 2-year follow-up assessment was 12.9% (385/2981), representing 6 deceased @entity1 , 250 refusers, 51 noncontacts, and 78 @entity1 unable to participate because of health reasons. Determinants of @entity6661 were younger age, less years of education, not being of North European descent, being recruited in Amsterdam, no previous participation in research, and having major @entity308 . Only the effects of age, sampling site, and previous participation in research differed between types of @entity6661 . Furthermore, comorbid depressive and @entity148 and higher symptom severity were associated with @entity6661 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the view that @entity146 epidemiological research is more prone to high @entity6661 rates, this study revealed a relatively low @entity6661 rate. Furthermore, both sociodemographic and @entity146 variables were independent determinants of @entity6661 . Oversampling of subgroups that are at higher risk of dropout may be advisable for future @entity146 cohort studies.

title: Sociodemographic and @entity146 in the Netherlands Study of XXXX and @entity148 (NESDA).

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity6661 is inevitable in longitudinal epidemiological studies, @entity146 studies are thought to be especially sensitive to @entity6661 . This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and @entity146 at 2-year follow-up in the Netherlands Study of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHODS: Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic and @entity146 and the influence of clinical @entity146 characteristics on @entity6661 . In addition, differences in determinants between 3 types of @entity6661 (refusal, noncontact, and not able to participate) were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity6661 rate at the 2-year follow-up assessment was 12.9% (385/2981), representing 6 deceased @entity1 , 250 refusers, 51 noncontacts, and 78 @entity1 unable to participate because of health reasons. Determinants of @entity6661 were younger age, less years of education, not being of North European descent, being recruited in Amsterdam, no previous participation in research, and having major @entity308 . Only the effects of age, sampling site, and previous participation in research differed between types of @entity6661 . Furthermore, comorbid depressive and @entity148 and higher symptom severity were associated with @entity6661 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the view that @entity146 epidemiological research is more prone to high @entity6661 rates, this study revealed a relatively low @entity6661 rate. Furthermore, both sociodemographic and @entity146 variables were independent determinants of @entity6661 . Oversampling of subgroups that are at higher risk of dropout may be advisable for future @entity146 cohort studies.

title: Sociodemographic and XXXX in the Netherlands Study of @entity308 and @entity148 (NESDA).

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric determinants of attrition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a highly vulnerable site in @entity3949 . Under @entity6 conditions, the DRG experiences tissue @entity63 or lower ambient @entity26 tension that leads to aberrant metabolic functions. @entity209 have been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse @entity158 @entity56 . However, the contribution of @entity6 -induced @entity209 in the DRG to the pathogenesis of @entity3949 remains ill-explored. In this study, we report that @entity2388 dehydrogenase kinases ( @entity72784 and @entity33314 ), key regulatory enzymes in @entity413 metabolism, mediate glycolytic metabolic shift in the DRG leading to @entity3949 . @entity3839 -induced @entity6 substantially enhanced the expression and activity of the PDKs in the DRG, and the genetic ablation of @entity72784 and @entity33314 attenuated the @entity4854 -induced @entity158 . Mechanistically, @entity72784 /4 deficiency inhibited the @entity6 -induced lactate surge, expression of @entity158 -related ion channels, activation of satellite glial cells, and infiltration of macrophages in the DRG, in addition to reducing central sensitization and neuroinflammation hallmarks in the spinal cord, which likely accounts for the attenuated @entity158 . @entity72784 /4-deficient @entity19 were partly resistant to the @entity6 -induced loss of peripheral nerve structure and function. Furthermore, in the experiments using DRG neuron cultures, @entity880 treatment enhanced the expression of the ion channels and compromised cell viability. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of DRG PDKs or @entity880 production substantially attenuated @entity6 -induced @entity158 . Taken together, @entity72784 /4 induction and the subsequent @entity880 surge induce the metabolic shift in the @entity6 DRG, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of @entity3949 .

title: @entity2388 Dehydrogenase Kinase-Mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Shift in the Dorsal Root Ganglion Drives XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivities']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain hypersensitivity', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic dysfunctions', 'metabolic dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['Painful Diabetic Neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a highly vulnerable site in @entity3949 . Under @entity6 conditions, the DRG experiences tissue @entity63 or lower ambient @entity26 tension that leads to aberrant metabolic functions. @entity209 have been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse @entity158 @entity56 . However, the contribution of @entity6 -induced @entity209 in the DRG to the pathogenesis of @entity3949 remains ill-explored. In this study, we report that @entity2388 dehydrogenase kinases ( @entity72784 and @entity33314 ), key regulatory enzymes in @entity413 metabolism, mediate glycolytic metabolic shift in the DRG leading to @entity3949 . @entity3839 -induced @entity6 substantially enhanced the expression and activity of the PDKs in the DRG, and the genetic ablation of @entity72784 and @entity33314 attenuated the @entity4854 -induced @entity158 . Mechanistically, @entity72784 /4 deficiency inhibited the @entity6 -induced lactate surge, expression of @entity158 -related ion channels, activation of satellite glial cells, and infiltration of macrophages in the DRG, in addition to reducing central sensitization and neuroinflammation hallmarks in the spinal cord, which likely accounts for the attenuated @entity158 . @entity72784 /4-deficient @entity19 were partly resistant to the @entity6 -induced loss of peripheral nerve structure and function. Furthermore, in the experiments using DRG neuron cultures, @entity880 treatment enhanced the expression of the ion channels and compromised cell viability. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of DRG PDKs or @entity880 production substantially attenuated @entity6 -induced @entity158 . Taken together, @entity72784 /4 induction and the subsequent @entity880 surge induce the metabolic shift in the @entity6 DRG, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of @entity3949 .

title: XXXX Dehydrogenase Kinase-Mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Shift in the Dorsal Root Ganglion Drives @entity3949 .

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['Pyruvate']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the relationships between @entity3 -free interval (MFI) and @entity5 characteristics, and assessed the prognostic value of MFI for survival after @entity3 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Furthermore, we compared MFI among the subtypes. METHODS: We identified 335 @entity1 with @entity86 recurrence at distant site(s). All @entity1 underwent curative resection and had a MFI of at least 6 months. MFI was categorized as short (<2 years), intermediate (>= 2 years and <5 years), or long (>= 5 years). Overall survival after @entity3 (OSM) was estimated. RESULTS: @entity1 with a shorter MFI were younger, more likely to have initial @entity3 to visceral organs, and had a larger @entity5 with a higher stage and grade as well as a higher rate of nodal involvement at initial diagnosis. Among 136 @entity1 with known disease subtypes, shorter MFI was associated with the triple-negative subtype while longer MFI was associated with the hormone receptor-positive/ @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative subtype. Mortality after @entity3 declined sharply with increasing MFI up to approximately 2 years, and continued gradually declining between 2 and 5 years. An MFI longer than 5 years did not add any survival benefit. MFI was a significant prognostic factor for OSM independent of nodal status, stage, metastatic site, and hormone receptor status of the metastasized @entity5 . CONCLUSION: MFI is closely related to biological characteristics of both @entity5 and their metastases, and has a prognostic value for survival after @entity3 . We therefore suggest investigation into treatments targeting improvement of MFI as a potential novel strategy.

title: Metastasis-Free Interval Is Closely Related to Tumor Characteristics and Has Prognostic Value in XXXX @entity1 with Distant Relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the relationships between @entity3 -free interval (MFI) and @entity5 characteristics, and assessed the prognostic value of MFI for survival after @entity3 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Furthermore, we compared MFI among the subtypes. METHODS: We identified 335 @entity1 with @entity86 recurrence at distant site(s). All @entity1 underwent curative resection and had a MFI of at least 6 months. MFI was categorized as short (<2 years), intermediate (>= 2 years and <5 years), or long (>= 5 years). Overall survival after @entity3 (OSM) was estimated. RESULTS: @entity1 with a shorter MFI were younger, more likely to have initial @entity3 to visceral organs, and had a larger @entity5 with a higher stage and grade as well as a higher rate of nodal involvement at initial diagnosis. Among 136 @entity1 with known disease subtypes, shorter MFI was associated with the triple-negative subtype while longer MFI was associated with the hormone receptor-positive/ @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative subtype. Mortality after @entity3 declined sharply with increasing MFI up to approximately 2 years, and continued gradually declining between 2 and 5 years. An MFI longer than 5 years did not add any survival benefit. MFI was a significant prognostic factor for OSM independent of nodal status, stage, metastatic site, and hormone receptor status of the metastasized @entity5 . CONCLUSION: MFI is closely related to biological characteristics of both @entity5 and their metastases, and has a prognostic value for survival after @entity3 . We therefore suggest investigation into treatments targeting improvement of MFI as a potential novel strategy.

title: Metastasis-Free Interval Is Closely Related to Tumor Characteristics and Has Prognostic Value in @entity0 XXXX with Distant Relapse.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evolving therapies have improved the prognoses of @entity1 with @entity0 ; and currently, the number of long-term survivors is continuously increasing. However, these @entity1 are at increased risk of developing a second @entity5 . Thus, late side effects are becoming an important issue. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, and treatment type correlate with secondary @entity5 risk. METHODS: This case-control study included 305 @entity1 with a diagnosed second @entity5 after almost 6 months after the diagnosis of primary @entity0 and 1,525 controls (ratio 1:5 of cases to controls) from a population-based cohort of 6,325 @entity1 . The control @entity1 were randomly selected from the cohort and matched to the cases according to age at diagnosis, calendar period of diagnosis, disease stage, and time of follow-up. RESULTS: @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation, @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 )+ status, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were related to increased risk of developing a second @entity5 , whereas hormonotherapy showed a protective effect. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and estrogenic receptor level <10% increased the risk of @entity0 . @entity1722 + status increased the risk of digestive system and @entity259 , while @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation increased the risk of @entity5 in the genital system. CONCLUSION: @entity0 survivors are exposed to an excess of risk of developing a second @entity5 . The development of excess of @entity5 may be related either to @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, such as @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation and @entity1722 + status, or to treatments factors.

title: Risk of Second Primary Malignancy in XXXX : A Nested Population-Based Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'controlateral breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Survivors']


abstract: Our study aimed to explore the differences in short and long-term outcomes about the transthoracic (TH) and abdominal-transhiatal (TH) approaches for treating esophagogastric junction (AEG). A systematic review of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and CBMdisc was performed. All original articles comparing TH with TA were included in the study. Meta-analysis was conducted using odd ratios (OR) and @entity353 ( @entity353 ).Thirteen studies including 2489 @entity1 with @entity420 , with 1050 @entity1 underwent TA and 1437 @entity1 underwent TH were pooled for this study. There were no significant difference between two approaches concerning duration of operation, @entity190 , @entity834 and positive of proximal incisal margin. Lymph node excised also showed no significant differences between two procedures in RCTs while in TA group of Non-RCTs, the number of lymph node dissection is higher. TH approach was associated with a longer length of hospital stay and had higher incidence of @entity65 and early postoperative mortality. Overall analysis of 1, 3, 5-year survival showed no significant difference between two approaches. Based on the study, TA approach had a positive impact than TH for AEG with respect to @entity65 , hospital stay and early mortality rates. There were no significant differences between the two approaches for long-term survival. Therefore, two surgical approaches are acceptable, and the elders with poor cardiopulmonary function, we recommended TA approach for treating it.

title: Transthoracic versus abdominal-transhiatal resection for treating Siewert type II/III XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMDs', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) have been the main embolic materials for @entity438 . Liquid aneurysmal embolic materials represented by cellulose @entity598 polymer (CAP) are still in controversy. In this research, the embolization results and pathological reactions after embolization of @entity235 aneurysmal models with @entity1713 or CAP were observed and compared. METHODS: The @entity235 aneurysmal models constructed by anastomosis of @entity1211 were randomly grouped. The @entity439 were respectively occluded with CAP and electrolytic detachable coils that was named by Wu electrolytic detachable coil (WEDC) and made by us. Angiogram follow-ups were performed at 24-hour, 2-week, and 2-month after embolization. The @entity439 were dissected in each stage for light microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical research. RESULTS: The effect of embolization was significantly better with WEDC than that with CAP (chi2 = 5. 56, P < 0.05). Post-embolized complications such as @entity1756 and @entity850 of parent arteries could only be found in CAP group. Pathological research showed that CAP mass could packed the @entity439 more densely than coils. Acute chemical damage of aneurysmal wall and inflammatory cell infiltration was prominently found in early stage after @entity887 . Organization of @entity715 inside @entity439 and formation of endothelial tissue over the orifices of aneurysmal necks could be found in both groups 2 months after embolization. But parts of coils might be exposed outside endothelial layer. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1713 are still the most safe, efficient, and reliable instruments to embolize @entity439 . CAP should be improved further to solve the problem of strong chemical corrosion and difficulty in control before it is widely used.

title: Comparison of cellulose XXXX polymer and electrolytic detachable coils for treatment of @entity235 aneurysmal models.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Electrolytic detachable coils', 'EDC']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['CAP-embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'occluded aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous pouches']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity598 :: (CHEBI:47622,Chemical) :: ['acetate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) have been the main embolic materials for @entity438 . Liquid aneurysmal embolic materials represented by cellulose @entity598 polymer (CAP) are still in controversy. In this research, the embolization results and pathological reactions after embolization of @entity235 aneurysmal models with @entity1713 or CAP were observed and compared. METHODS: The @entity235 aneurysmal models constructed by anastomosis of @entity1211 were randomly grouped. The @entity439 were respectively occluded with CAP and electrolytic detachable coils that was named by Wu electrolytic detachable coil (WEDC) and made by us. Angiogram follow-ups were performed at 24-hour, 2-week, and 2-month after embolization. The @entity439 were dissected in each stage for light microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical research. RESULTS: The effect of embolization was significantly better with WEDC than that with CAP (chi2 = 5. 56, P < 0.05). Post-embolized complications such as @entity1756 and @entity850 of parent arteries could only be found in CAP group. Pathological research showed that CAP mass could packed the @entity439 more densely than coils. Acute chemical damage of aneurysmal wall and inflammatory cell infiltration was prominently found in early stage after @entity887 . Organization of @entity715 inside @entity439 and formation of endothelial tissue over the orifices of aneurysmal necks could be found in both groups 2 months after embolization. But parts of coils might be exposed outside endothelial layer. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1713 are still the most safe, efficient, and reliable instruments to embolize @entity439 . CAP should be improved further to solve the problem of strong chemical corrosion and difficulty in control before it is widely used.

title: Comparison of cellulose @entity598 polymer and electrolytic detachable coils for treatment of XXXX aneurysmal models.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity205 for acute, severe @entity1960 is usually administered in a dose of 4 mg/kg/day, with concurrent intravenous @entity230 . This is associated with considerable morbidity. We have been using a low-dose regimen, most commonly without concurrent @entity230 , for seven years, and present the outcome. METHODS: Records of all @entity1 admitted for severe @entity31 , treated by one physician over seven years, were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 received low-dose intravenous @entity205 (2 mg/kg/day) for a median 8 days. Eleven early @entity1 received concurrent intravenous corticosteroids. Three @entity1 had @entity101 requiring dose reduction, one elevated @entity1011 and one elevated liver enzymes (all transient), and four experienced @entity281 (two arm cellulitis, one @entity733 , one @entity2737 ). Twenty-four @entity1 (77%) avoided urgent colectomy, and were discharged on oral @entity205 and @entity500 . After a median 18 months (range 3-77), 14 @entity1 (45% of total) avoided colectomy, of whom eight had flares responding to medical therapy and two had persistent, mildly active disease. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose intravenous @entity205 (2 mg/kg/day), usually used as a monotherapy and followed by @entity500 , achieves similar long-term efficacy to higher dose @entity205 combined with @entity230 in severe @entity31 . Morbidity appears to be low.

title: Long-term results of low-dose intravenous @entity205 for acute severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'acute ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['perianal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity205 for acute, severe @entity1960 is usually administered in a dose of 4 mg/kg/day, with concurrent intravenous @entity230 . This is associated with considerable morbidity. We have been using a low-dose regimen, most commonly without concurrent @entity230 , for seven years, and present the outcome. METHODS: Records of all @entity1 admitted for severe @entity31 , treated by one physician over seven years, were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 received low-dose intravenous @entity205 (2 mg/kg/day) for a median 8 days. Eleven early @entity1 received concurrent intravenous corticosteroids. Three @entity1 had @entity101 requiring dose reduction, one elevated @entity1011 and one elevated liver enzymes (all transient), and four experienced @entity281 (two arm cellulitis, one @entity733 , one @entity2737 ). Twenty-four @entity1 (77%) avoided urgent colectomy, and were discharged on oral @entity205 and @entity500 . After a median 18 months (range 3-77), 14 @entity1 (45% of total) avoided colectomy, of whom eight had flares responding to medical therapy and two had persistent, mildly active disease. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose intravenous @entity205 (2 mg/kg/day), usually used as a monotherapy and followed by @entity500 , achieves similar long-term efficacy to higher dose @entity205 combined with @entity230 in severe @entity31 . Morbidity appears to be low.

title: Long-term results of low-dose intravenous XXXX for acute severe @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['ciclosporin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity30 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity4284 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with active @entity30 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity229 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity2656 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity229 tapering. @entity310 production and the levels of expression of @entity2451 / @entity4284 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity1 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity229 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity1 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity1 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity310 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity2451 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity4284 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity1 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity32 in determining the clinical course of @entity30 .

title: The mechanisms of XXXX @entity32 in @entity30 involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity30 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity4284 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with active @entity30 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity229 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity2656 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity229 tapering. @entity310 production and the levels of expression of @entity2451 / @entity4284 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity1 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity229 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity1 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity1 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity310 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity2451 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity4284 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity1 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity32 in determining the clinical course of @entity30 .

title: The mechanisms of @entity229 @entity32 in @entity30 involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal XXXX production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFalpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity30 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity4284 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with active @entity30 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity229 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity2656 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity229 tapering. @entity310 production and the levels of expression of @entity2451 / @entity4284 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity1 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity229 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity1 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity1 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity310 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity2451 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity4284 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity1 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity32 in determining the clinical course of @entity30 .

title: The mechanisms of @entity229 @entity32 in XXXX involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity30 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity4284 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with active @entity30 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity229 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity2656 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity229 tapering. @entity310 production and the levels of expression of @entity2451 / @entity4284 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity1 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity229 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity1 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity1 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity310 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity2451 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity4284 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity1 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity32 in determining the clinical course of @entity30 .

title: The mechanisms of @entity229 XXXX in @entity30 involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inhibition of inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1947 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 -NPs) have wide biological applications, which have raised serious concerns about their impact on the health and environment. Although, various studies have shown @entity1948 -NP @entity137 on different cells under in vitro conditions, sufficient information is lacking regarding @entity137 and underlying mechanisms under in vivo conditions. In this work, we investigated genotoxic, clastogenic, and cytotoxic effects of @entity1948 -NPs on macrophages and in adult @entity19 . @entity1948 -NP-treated @entity19 showed signs of @entity137 such as loss in body weight, passive behavior and reduced survival. Further mechanistic studies revealed that administration of higher dose caused severe DNA damage in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells as evident by the formation of COMET tail, micronuclei, chromosomal fragmentation, and phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X. Moreover, @entity1948 -NPs inhibited DNA repair mechanism by downregulating the expression of @entity72785 and @entity31300 proteins. Histopathological examinations showed severe @entity32 and damage to liver, lungs, and kidneys. Cell viability and wound healing assays revealed that @entity1948 -NPs killed macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, caused severe wounds and inhibited cellular migration by irreversible actin depolymerization and degradation. Reduction in the viability of macrophages was due to the arrest of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, inhibition of @entity224 dismutase and @entity5533 and eventually reactive @entity26 species. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant drug @entity898 significantly reduced the @entity1948 -NP induced genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study gives detailed pathological insights of @entity1948 -NP that impair cellular functions, thus will enable to arbitrate their biological applications.

title: XXXX Nanoparticles Exhibit Genotoxic, Clastogenic, Cytotoxic and Actin Depolymerization Effects by Inducing Oxidative Stress Responses in Macrophages and Adult @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['Zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1947 :: (MESH:D015034,Chemical) :: ['Zinc-Oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1947 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 -NPs) have wide biological applications, which have raised serious concerns about their impact on the health and environment. Although, various studies have shown @entity1948 -NP @entity137 on different cells under in vitro conditions, sufficient information is lacking regarding @entity137 and underlying mechanisms under in vivo conditions. In this work, we investigated genotoxic, clastogenic, and cytotoxic effects of @entity1948 -NPs on macrophages and in adult @entity19 . @entity1948 -NP-treated @entity19 showed signs of @entity137 such as loss in body weight, passive behavior and reduced survival. Further mechanistic studies revealed that administration of higher dose caused severe DNA damage in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells as evident by the formation of COMET tail, micronuclei, chromosomal fragmentation, and phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X. Moreover, @entity1948 -NPs inhibited DNA repair mechanism by downregulating the expression of @entity72785 and @entity31300 proteins. Histopathological examinations showed severe @entity32 and damage to liver, lungs, and kidneys. Cell viability and wound healing assays revealed that @entity1948 -NPs killed macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, caused severe wounds and inhibited cellular migration by irreversible actin depolymerization and degradation. Reduction in the viability of macrophages was due to the arrest of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, inhibition of @entity224 dismutase and @entity5533 and eventually reactive @entity26 species. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant drug @entity898 significantly reduced the @entity1948 -NP induced genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study gives detailed pathological insights of @entity1948 -NP that impair cellular functions, thus will enable to arbitrate their biological applications.

title: @entity1947 Nanoparticles Exhibit Genotoxic, Clastogenic, Cytotoxic and Actin Depolymerization Effects by Inducing Oxidative Stress Responses in Macrophages and Adult XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the associate medical disorders of the @entity1 with @entity1204 and analyze the medical disorders' effects on the treatment and prognosis. METHOD: One hundred and forty-six cases of @entity1204 associated with medical disorders who admitted to our center from July, 1971 to @entity6653 , 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. And the other 161 cases without medical disorders who admitted to our center during the same time were chosen as control. RESULTS: Among the 146 @entity1 with medical disorders, the @entity74 were @entity101 in 104 @entity1 (71.2%), @entity6 in 30 @entity1 (20.5%) and @entity301 in 29 @entity1 (19.9%). Those @entity1 with medical disorders were elder than the control (P < 0.001). The medical disorders were independent of stage, @entity5 cell differentiation and pathological classification (P > 0.05). The operation ratio of those @entity1 with medical disorders were less than the control. But there was no significance (P > 0.05). The radiotherapy and chemotherapy ratio of them was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis of the cases followed up showed that the prognosis were independent of the associated medical disorders, such as @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity301 (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the prognosis were related to the stage and @entity5 cell differentiation affected the prognosis remarkable. But the prognosis was independent of age and associated medical disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1204 often associates with @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity301 , and so on. The incidence rate of medical disorders increases with the aging of the @entity1 . The medical disorders might affect the therapy to a certain extent. But they do not affect the prognosis remarkably.

title: [A clinical analysis of 146 cases of XXXX with medical disorders].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ordinary disorders']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: The developmental competence of oocytes recovered from the ovaries of slaughtered prepubertal and adult @entity1707 was evaluated after in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation and culture in vitro. In addition, the effect of prepubertal and adult follicular fluid (FF) on the developmental competence of prepubertal and adult oocytes was investigated. When matured in adult FF, the rates of cleavage (92 v. 73% P < 0.01) and blastocyst formation (57 v. 38%; P < 0.05) were greater for adult oocytes than for prepubertal oocytes. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes had more trophectoderm cells (43 v. 30; P < 0.05) and total cells (51 v. 36; P < 0.05) than blastocysts derived from prepubertal oocytes. The developmental competence of prepubertal oocytes was not affected by the FF donor age, whereas the developmental competence of adult oocytes was. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in adult FF had more trophectoderm cells (38 v. 24; P < 0.005), inner cell mass cells (7 v. 3; P < 0.01) and total cells (45 v. 27; P < 0.001) than blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in prepubertal FF. Characterization of the @entity134 content of the FF used to supplement the maturation medium revealed that adult FF contained more @entity1420 (42 v. 23 ng mL(-1); P < 0.005) and @entity2671 (70 v. 16 ng mL(-1); P < 0.05) than prepubertal FF. In addition, the molar ratios of @entity1420 to @entity2671 , @entity2671 to @entity53 and @entity2671 to @entity251 differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal and adult FF. The results support the hypothesis that a greater proportion of adult oocytes than of prepubertal oocytes has completed 'oocyte capacitation'. The differences in FF @entity134 content are indicative of the different follicular environments from which the prepubertal and adult oocytes were isolated, and may be attributed to the observed effects on oocyte developmental competence.

title: Relationship between donor animal age, follicular fluid XXXX content and oocyte developmental competence in the @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The developmental competence of oocytes recovered from the ovaries of slaughtered prepubertal and adult @entity1707 was evaluated after in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation and culture in vitro. In addition, the effect of prepubertal and adult follicular fluid (FF) on the developmental competence of prepubertal and adult oocytes was investigated. When matured in adult FF, the rates of cleavage (92 v. 73% P < 0.01) and blastocyst formation (57 v. 38%; P < 0.05) were greater for adult oocytes than for prepubertal oocytes. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes had more trophectoderm cells (43 v. 30; P < 0.05) and total cells (51 v. 36; P < 0.05) than blastocysts derived from prepubertal oocytes. The developmental competence of prepubertal oocytes was not affected by the FF donor age, whereas the developmental competence of adult oocytes was. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in adult FF had more trophectoderm cells (38 v. 24; P < 0.005), inner cell mass cells (7 v. 3; P < 0.01) and total cells (45 v. 27; P < 0.001) than blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in prepubertal FF. Characterization of the @entity134 content of the FF used to supplement the maturation medium revealed that adult FF contained more @entity1420 (42 v. 23 ng mL(-1); P < 0.005) and @entity2671 (70 v. 16 ng mL(-1); P < 0.05) than prepubertal FF. In addition, the molar ratios of @entity1420 to @entity2671 , @entity2671 to @entity53 and @entity2671 to @entity251 differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal and adult FF. The results support the hypothesis that a greater proportion of adult oocytes than of prepubertal oocytes has completed 'oocyte capacitation'. The differences in FF @entity134 content are indicative of the different follicular environments from which the prepubertal and adult oocytes were isolated, and may be attributed to the observed effects on oocyte developmental competence.

title: Relationship between donor animal age, follicular fluid @entity134 content and oocyte developmental competence in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: The cellular mechanisms implicated in the @entity194 of seminiferous epithelium in ageing are currently under debate, although recent reports suggest that apoptosis may be the primary mechanism implicated in aged germ cell loss. Other investigators have suggested that changes in spermatogonial proliferation are also involved. In the present work, the changes in proliferation and apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium of aged (24 months) @entity329 were examined in concert and compared with those in young (6 months) animals. Proliferation of germ cells was studied by @entity1603 labelling and apoptosis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and in situ TUNEL labelling. Aged animals showed a significant decrease in the numbers of total and proliferating spermatogonia plus preleptotene spermatocytes per unit volume and per testis and in the proliferative index (24.8 +/- 1.6%) compared with young animals (30.8 +/- 1.2%) (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic spermatogonia plus spermatocytes per unit volume and the apoptotic index were significantly higher in aged animals (1.51 +/- 0.23% v. 0.77 +/- 0.04%; P < 0.05). Apoptosis was confirmed by morphological characteristics: condensation of the chromatin and nuclear fragmentation. In aged hamsters, @entity528 could be classified into several categories, showing an increase of apoptotic cells in tubular cross-sections characterized by @entity1167 in comparison with all other types. Spermatogonial proliferation was also diminished as seen in tubular cross-sections showing hypospermatogenesis, sloughing off of germ cells and @entity1167 . The results obtained in the present study suggest that the decrease in the proliferation of spermatogonia and the increase in apoptosis constitute two consecutive mechanisms correlated with the ageing of the seminiferous epithelium.

title: Effect of ageing on the proliferation and apoptosis of testicular germ cells in the XXXX @entity329 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['maturation arrest']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tubular degeneration']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: The cellular mechanisms implicated in the @entity194 of seminiferous epithelium in ageing are currently under debate, although recent reports suggest that apoptosis may be the primary mechanism implicated in aged germ cell loss. Other investigators have suggested that changes in spermatogonial proliferation are also involved. In the present work, the changes in proliferation and apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium of aged (24 months) @entity329 were examined in concert and compared with those in young (6 months) animals. Proliferation of germ cells was studied by @entity1603 labelling and apoptosis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and in situ TUNEL labelling. Aged animals showed a significant decrease in the numbers of total and proliferating spermatogonia plus preleptotene spermatocytes per unit volume and per testis and in the proliferative index (24.8 +/- 1.6%) compared with young animals (30.8 +/- 1.2%) (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic spermatogonia plus spermatocytes per unit volume and the apoptotic index were significantly higher in aged animals (1.51 +/- 0.23% v. 0.77 +/- 0.04%; P < 0.05). Apoptosis was confirmed by morphological characteristics: condensation of the chromatin and nuclear fragmentation. In aged hamsters, @entity528 could be classified into several categories, showing an increase of apoptotic cells in tubular cross-sections characterized by @entity1167 in comparison with all other types. Spermatogonial proliferation was also diminished as seen in tubular cross-sections showing hypospermatogenesis, sloughing off of germ cells and @entity1167 . The results obtained in the present study suggest that the decrease in the proliferation of spermatogonia and the increase in apoptosis constitute two consecutive mechanisms correlated with the ageing of the seminiferous epithelium.

title: Effect of ageing on the proliferation and apoptosis of testicular germ cells in the @entity329 XXXX .

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Mesocricetus auratus']


abstract: A one-step method is described for the fluorometric determination of the activity of the enzyme catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.), based on the finding that @entity274 in the @entity72786 - @entity273 system is consumed by catalase. This is accompanied by a large decrease in both fluorescence intensity and decay time. The limit of detection (LOD; at S/N=3) for catalase at 30 degrees C for a 10-min kinetic assay is 1.0 unit/mL, with a linear range from 1.0 to 10 unit/mL. At an incubation time of 30 min at 37 degrees C for a one-point assay, the LOD is 0.046 unit/mL, with a linear range from 46 to 400 munit/mL. The assay was performed on microtiterplates and is fully compatible with existing plate readers. It is a one-step, simple, and sensitive method suitable for both continuous kinetic and one-point detections, does not require the addition of other substrates, and works @entity8487 (with an optimum at pH 6.9). The reagent has the typical spectral features of a @entity17568 -ligand complex including a large Stokes shift (210 nm), a red line-like emission (centered at 616 nm), and a decay time in the microsecond domain. It is also the first @entity17568 -based probe that is compatible with the 405-nm diode laser. In summary, the new assay provides distinct advantages over direct ultraviolet detection and over the two-reagent (peroxidase) method.

title: Determination of the activity of catalase using a XXXX -derived fluorescent substrate.

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['best at neutral pH']

entities_list: @entity72786 :: ('MESH:C488317', 'Chemical') :: ['europium (III)-tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity72786 :: (MESH:C488317,Chemical) :: ['europium(III)-tetracycline']


abstract: Previous studies showed that early environmental conditions severely affect the morphology of the granule cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons in fields @entity8368 and @entity17210 . The aim of the present study was to determine whether early isolation affects neuron morphology in layer II of the entorhinal cortex, from which the perforant path to the dentate gyrus and @entity8368 takes its origin. Male and female @entity840 were assigned at 6-7 days of age to either a control (social) or an isolated environment where they remained for 80-90 days. The brains were Golgi-Cox stained and neurons were sampled from layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Morphometric analysis was carried out on star cells, the most abundant neuron population. Isolated males had star cells with less dendritic branches, a shorter @entity2343 and a smaller dendritic spine density than control males. In contrast, isolated females had more dendritic branches than control females, though this difference was of small magnitude. While isolated males had star cells with a smaller soma than control males, isolated females had a soma larger than control females. In both environments sex differences were found in the star cell morphology. In the control environment males had more dendritic branches, a greater @entity2343 , a larger soma but a smaller spine density than females. In the isolated environment males had less branches, a shorter @entity2343 , a smaller spine density and a smaller soma than females. The results indicate that early isolation affects the structure of the star cells in the entorhinal cortex and that males and females react to isolation in an opposite manner. A similar sexually dimorphic response to early isolation was previously observed in the dentate gyrus and fields @entity8368 and @entity17210 . The presence of widespread effects of isolation in the entorhinal cortex and numerous hippocampal structures suggests that the outcome of early isolation might be a change in learning and memory functions requiring the hippocampal region.

title: Effects of early isolation on layer II neurons in the entorhinal cortex of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic length']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Progression of CKD toward @entity454 is heterogeneous. The @entity177 Risk Equation (KFRE) was developed to identify CKD @entity1 at high risk of @entity454 . We aimed to externally validate KFRE and to test whether the addition of predefined Duplex ultrasound markers - renal resistive index (RRI) or difference of resistive indices in spleen and kidney (DI-RISK) - improved @entity454 prediction. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The prospective Cardiovascular and Renal Outcome in CKD 2-4 @entity1 -The Fourth Homburg evaluation (CARE FOR HOMe) study recruits CKD stage G2-G4 @entity1 referred to a tertiary referral center for nephrologic care. Four hundred three CARE FOR HOMe @entity1 enrolled between 2008 and 2012 had available RRI measurements at study inclusion; they were subsequently followed for a mean of 4.4  1.6  years. This subcohort was used to validate KFRE and to assess the added value of the ultrasound markers (new models KFRE+RRI and KFRE+DI-RISK). Model performance was assessed by log-likelihood ratio test, c-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement metrics (for study @entity1 without subsequent @entity454 [IDI No @entity454 ] and for @entity1 with @entity454 [IDI @entity454 ]), and calibration plots. If either new model improved on KFRE, we determined to validate it in an independent cohort of 162 CKD @entity1 . RESULTS: KFRE predicted @entity454 in CARE FOR HOMe @entity1 with a c-statistic of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.99). Adding RRI improved the KFRE model (P<0.001), and the KFRE+RRI model was well calibrated; however, the c-statistic (0.91 [0.83-1.00]) was similar, and overall sensitivity (IDI No @entity454 =0.05 [0.00-0.10]) or overall specificity (IDI @entity454 =0.00 [0.00-0.01]) did not improve. Adding DI-RISK did not improve the KRFE model. In the external validation cohort, we confirmed that the KFRE+RRI model did not outperform KFRE. CONCLUSIONS: Routine Duplex examinations among CKD @entity1 did not improve risk prediction for progression to @entity454 beyond a validated equation.

title: External Validation of the XXXX Risk Equation and Re-Calibration with Addition of Ultrasound Parameters.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Kidney Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The best initial approach to advanced airway management during out of hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) is unknown. The traditional role of tracheal intubation has been challenged by the introduction of supraglottic airway devices (SGAs), but there is contradictory evidence from observational studies. We assessed the feasibility of a cluster-randomized trial to compare the i-gel SGA vs the laryngeal mask airway supreme (LMAS) vs current practice during OHCA. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in a single ambulance service in England, with individual paramedics as the unit of randomization. Consenting paramedics were randomized to use either the i-gel or the LMAS or usual practice for all @entity1 with non-traumatic adult OHCA, that they attended over a 12-month period. The primary outcome was study feasibility, including paramedic and @entity1 recruitment and protocol adherence. Secondary outcomes included survival to hospital discharge and 90 days. RESULTS: Of the 535 paramedics approached, 184 consented and 171 attended study training. Each paramedic attended between 0 and 11 @entity1 (median 3; interquartile range 2-5). We recruited 615 @entity1 at a constant rate, although the LMAS arm was suspended in the final two months following three adverse incidents. The study protocol was adhered to in 80% of @entity1 . @entity1 characteristics were similar in the three study arms, and there were no differences in secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: We have shown that a prospective trial of alternative airway management strategies in OHCA, cluster randomized by paramedic, is feasible. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Registry ( ISRCTN: 18528625).

title: Randomised comparison of the effectiveness of the laryngeal mask airway supreme, i-gel and current practice in the initial airway management of out of hospital XXXX : a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Freeze tolerant fish and insects in nature are able to survive subzero temperatures by noncolligatively lowering the freezing temperature of their body fluids using a family of thermal hysteresis proteins (antifreeze proteins, AFPs) specific for each species. Past efforts to cryopreserve @entity1 hearts using these proteins were unsuccessful. We report the first successful subzero cryopreservation of @entity35 hearts using fish derived antifreeze proteins with preservation of myocyte structure. METHODS: Heterotopic heart transplantations were performed in isoimmunic @entity35 . Donors' hearts were arrested using University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and preserved in UW solution containing @entity160 I (six experiments) or @entity160 III (six experiments) at concentrations of 15-20 mg/cc for 2-6 h at subzero temperatures ranging from -1.1 to -1.3 degrees C. Four control experiments were performed by preserving harvested hearts in UW solution alone at -1.3 degrees C for 6 h. In all experiments ice was added in the solution for crystallization. Heterotopic transplantations were performed in the abdomen of the recipient @entity35 . Viability was visually assessed and graded on a scale of 1 (poor contraction) to 6 (excellent contraction). The hearts were then fixed in vivo and processed for electron microscopy study. RESULTS: All hearts preserved at subzero temperatures using @entity160 I or @entity160 III survived displaying viability scores of 4-6 1 h after transplantation. Three of the four control hearts that were preserved at -1.3 degrees C without the protective effect of @entity160 froze and died upon reperfusion. Electron microscopy study of hearts preserved with @entity160 demonstrated preservation of myocyte structure and mitochondrial integrity. CONCLUSION: Subzero cryopreservation of @entity1 hearts for transplantation using @entity160 I or @entity160 III is feasible with preservation of myocyte structure and mitochondrial integrity.

title: Preservation of myocyte structure and mitochondrial integrity in subzero cryopreservation of XXXX hearts for transplantation using antifreeze proteins--an electron microscopy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The poor survival of probiotic bacteria in commercial yogurts may limit their potential to exert health benefits in @entity1 . The objective was to improve the survival of bifidobacteria in fermented milk. Cocultivation with some strains of @entity7878 ssp. lactis improved the survival of bifidobacteria in fermented milk during refrigerated storage. Studies on one strain, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC866, showed that the concentrations of dissolved @entity26 were kept lower in the cocultivated fermented milk during storage compared with monocultured @entity13854 BB536 or samples cocultured with another noneffective Lc. lactis ssp. lactis strain. Degradation of genomic DNA was suppressed in the cocultivating system with Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC866. Several genes that participated in protection from active @entity26 species (e.g., genes coding for @entity2626 reductase and @entity8798 transport system) were expressed at higher levels during refrigerated storage in Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC 866 compared with another noneffective Lc. lactis ssp. lactis strain. Concentration of free @entity68 ion was also lower in supernatants of fermented milk cocultivated with @entity13854 BB536 and Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC866. These results suggest that Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC 866 is potentially superior in reducing @entity26 damage and consequently improves the survival of bifidobacteria in the cocultivating system. This cocultivation system is of industrial interest for producing fermented milk containing viable bifidobacteria with long shelf life.

title: Improved viability of bifidobacteria in fermented milk by cocultivation with XXXX subspecies lactis.

entities_list: @entity2626 :: ('CHEBI:61050', 'Chemical') :: ['alkyl hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity13854 :: ('216816', 'Species') :: ['B. longum', 'Bifidobacterium longum']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']


abstract: Postpartum energy status is critically important to health and fertility, and it remains a major task to find suitable indicator traits for energy balance. Therefore, genetic parameters for daily energy balance (EB) and dry matter intake ( @entity9956 ), weekly milk fat to protein ratio (FPR), and monthly body condition score (BCS) were estimated using random regression on data collected from 682 Holstein-Friesian primiparous @entity291 recorded between lactation d 11 to 180. Average energy-corrected milk (ECM), EB, @entity9956 , BCS, and FPR were 32.0 kg, 9.6 MJ of NE(L), 20.3 kg, 2.95, and 1.12, respectively. Heritability estimates for EB, @entity9956 , BCS, and FPR ranged from 0.03 to 0.13, 0.04 to 0.19, 0.34 to 0.59, and 0.20 to 0.54. Fat to protein ratio was a more valid measure for EB in early lactation than @entity9956 , BCS, or single milk components. Correlations between FPR and EB were highest at the beginning of lactation [genetic correlation (r(g)) = -0.62 at days in milk (DIM) 15] and decreased toward zero. Dry matter intake was the trait most closely correlated with EB in mid lactation (r(g) = 0.73 at DIM 120 and 150). Energy balance in early lactation was negatively correlated to EB in mid lactation. The same applied to @entity9956 . Genetic correlations between FPR across lactation stages were all positive; the lowest genetic correlation (0.55) was estimated between the beginning of lactation and early mid lactation. Hence, to improve EB at the beginning of lactation, EB and indicator traits need to be recorded in early lactation. We concluded that FPR is an adequate indicator for EB during the energy deficit phase. Genetic correlations of FPR with ECM, fat percentage, and protein percentage showed that a reduction of FPR in early lactation would have a slightly negative effect on ECM, whereas milk composition would change in a desirable manner.

title: Short communication: genetic relationships among daily energy balance, feed intake, body condition score, and fat to protein ratio of milk in dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: DISEASE SUMMARY: @entity1328 , principally caused by @entity1327 and @entity14851 , is the most common systemic @entity3217 of @entity468 worldwide. @entity468 may be infected following inhalation of spores from the environment, with the nasal cavity suspected as being the initial site of colonization and subsequent infection. Other sites of infection in @entity468 are the skin, lungs, lymph nodes, central nervous system (CNS), eyes and, occasionally, periarticular connective tissue. @entity1328 can be diagnosed using serology (antigen testing), cytologic examination of smears, histopathology or culture. Treatment of @entity66 is generally successful using @entity5638 antifungal drugs; however, @entity468 with CNS involvement or disseminated disease require additional treatment with @entity2379 , with or without @entity4895 . The prognosis is variable, depending on host and pathogen factors. Some @entity468 require long-term (>1 year) treatment or indefinite therapy. @entity1 GROUP: @entity468 of any breed, gender and age may be affected. Retroviral status does not appear to be a risk factor for developing @entity1328 and indoor @entity468 are not protected from disease. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE: Feline @entity1328 occurs worldwide, but is most frequently reported in Australia, western Canada and the western United States. Species and molecular type vary in different geographical regions and may affect clinical presentation and antifungal susceptibility patterns. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Serologic tests that detect cryptococcal antigen in serum are sensitive and specific, but false negatives can occur in @entity468 with @entity66 . Long-term drug therapy can be expensive and has the potential for @entity137 . The extent to which the pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility is affected by molecular type is currently under study. EVIDENCE BASE: This review draws on recent literature relating to epidemiology, CNS involvement and advanced diagnostic imaging to update clinicians regarding research findings relevant to clinical practice.

title: Feline XXXX : impact of current research on clinical management.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity14851 :: ('552467', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus gattii']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis', 'Cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity1328 :: (MESH:D003453,Disease) :: ['cryptococcosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated the effect of defibrase (a proteolytic enzyme extraction of Agkistrodon halys venom) on experimental autoimmune @entity5442 (EAM) in @entity840 and explored the option of using a modified @entity1707 model of EAM to enhance the study of this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity840 were divided into 3 groups: group A (control group) was immunized with complete Freund adjuvant ( @entity3795 ), then received 6 injections of saline weekly; group B (EAM group) was immunized with partially purified @entity95 @entity3999 emulsified with @entity3795 , then received an injection of saline; group C (EAM + defibrase group) was immunized with purified @entity95 @entity3999 emulsified with @entity3795 , then received an injection of defibrase. The animals were observed for their general health condition and the body weight was measured daily. Plasma levels of @entity2002 and @entity908 kinase (CK) were determined. Muscle tissues were examined histologically. RESULTS: After immunizations for 6 weeks, incidence of EAM in groups A, B and C was 0 (0/7), 83.3% (10/12) and 100% (15/15), respectively. @entity840 with EAM presented angeitis symptoms of @entity425 . Histological analysis revealed a significant difference. Muscles with EAM had scattered or diffuse inflammatory manifestations, which are also common pathological features of @entity1 @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ). Defibrase-treated animals displayed extensive @entity32 and fiber @entity39 compared with the EAM group (histological score: 2.80   1.15 vs. 1.88   1.32, p < 0.05). Severity of @entity32 of group B was mainly mild to moderate; 16.7% (2/12) of animals developed severe @entity32 . Incidence of severe @entity32 with a score up to 4 in group C was 40% (6/15). CONCLUSIONS: Defibrase can exacerbate @entity3999 -induced EAM; thus a new modified model was generated.

title: A new modified animal model of XXXX -induced experimental autoimmune @entity5442 enhanced by defibrase.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['IPM', 'idiopathic polymyositis']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated the effect of defibrase (a proteolytic enzyme extraction of Agkistrodon halys venom) on experimental autoimmune @entity5442 (EAM) in @entity840 and explored the option of using a modified @entity1707 model of EAM to enhance the study of this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity840 were divided into 3 groups: group A (control group) was immunized with complete Freund adjuvant ( @entity3795 ), then received 6 injections of saline weekly; group B (EAM group) was immunized with partially purified @entity95 @entity3999 emulsified with @entity3795 , then received an injection of saline; group C (EAM + defibrase group) was immunized with purified @entity95 @entity3999 emulsified with @entity3795 , then received an injection of defibrase. The animals were observed for their general health condition and the body weight was measured daily. Plasma levels of @entity2002 and @entity908 kinase (CK) were determined. Muscle tissues were examined histologically. RESULTS: After immunizations for 6 weeks, incidence of EAM in groups A, B and C was 0 (0/7), 83.3% (10/12) and 100% (15/15), respectively. @entity840 with EAM presented angeitis symptoms of @entity425 . Histological analysis revealed a significant difference. Muscles with EAM had scattered or diffuse inflammatory manifestations, which are also common pathological features of @entity1 @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ). Defibrase-treated animals displayed extensive @entity32 and fiber @entity39 compared with the EAM group (histological score: 2.80   1.15 vs. 1.88   1.32, p < 0.05). Severity of @entity32 of group B was mainly mild to moderate; 16.7% (2/12) of animals developed severe @entity32 . Incidence of severe @entity32 with a score up to 4 in group C was 40% (6/15). CONCLUSIONS: Defibrase can exacerbate @entity3999 -induced EAM; thus a new modified model was generated.

title: A new modified animal model of @entity3999 -induced experimental autoimmune XXXX enhanced by defibrase.

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['myositis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation is an important factor promoting the progression of @entity463 . In the present study we examined the contribution of Ras signaling and @entity310 / @entity1356 cytokines to the development of the @entity463 inflammatory microenvironment. Enhanced activation of Ras through de-regulated activation of receptor @entity4149 kinases, such as @entity470 , @entity3820 and @entity1916 , is a hallmark of the majority of @entity463 . @entity463 microenvironment contains high levels of @entity310 and @entity1356 , which mediate @entity32 through induction of a local network of cytokines and chemokines. While many studies have focused on Ras- and @entity310 / @entity1356 -driven @entity32 in isolation, little is known about the co-operation between these oncogenic and microenvironment-derived stimuli. Using constitutively active HRasG12V that mimics enhanced Ras activation, we demonstrate that elevated Ras activity in @entity463 cells leads to up-regulation of @entity650 and @entity687 . Furthermore, Ras synergizes with the microenvironment-derived @entity310 and @entity1356 resulting in amplified @entity650 / @entity687 secretion. @entity687 secretion induced by Ras and @entity310 / @entity1356 is attenuated by inhibitors targeting Erk, JNK and @entity1435 MAPK pathways. @entity650 secretion significantly decreased upon inhibition of JNK and @entity1435 MAPK pathways. Interestingly, although constitutively active HRasG12V does not increase basal or @entity310 / @entity1356 stimulated @entity1435 MAPK activity, HRasG12V increased the efficacy of the @entity1435 MAPK inhibitor @entity1441 to inhibit @entity1356 -induced @entity650 secretion. In summary, oncogenic Ras co-operates with the microenvironment-derived @entity310 / @entity1356 to sustain inflammatory microenvironment, which was effectively attenuated via inhibition of @entity1435 MAPK signaling.

title: Oncogenic Ras modulates XXXX MAPK-mediated inflammatory cytokine production in @entity463 cells.

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation is an important factor promoting the progression of @entity463 . In the present study we examined the contribution of Ras signaling and @entity310 / @entity1356 cytokines to the development of the @entity463 inflammatory microenvironment. Enhanced activation of Ras through de-regulated activation of receptor @entity4149 kinases, such as @entity470 , @entity3820 and @entity1916 , is a hallmark of the majority of @entity463 . @entity463 microenvironment contains high levels of @entity310 and @entity1356 , which mediate @entity32 through induction of a local network of cytokines and chemokines. While many studies have focused on Ras- and @entity310 / @entity1356 -driven @entity32 in isolation, little is known about the co-operation between these oncogenic and microenvironment-derived stimuli. Using constitutively active HRasG12V that mimics enhanced Ras activation, we demonstrate that elevated Ras activity in @entity463 cells leads to up-regulation of @entity650 and @entity687 . Furthermore, Ras synergizes with the microenvironment-derived @entity310 and @entity1356 resulting in amplified @entity650 / @entity687 secretion. @entity687 secretion induced by Ras and @entity310 / @entity1356 is attenuated by inhibitors targeting Erk, JNK and @entity1435 MAPK pathways. @entity650 secretion significantly decreased upon inhibition of JNK and @entity1435 MAPK pathways. Interestingly, although constitutively active HRasG12V does not increase basal or @entity310 / @entity1356 stimulated @entity1435 MAPK activity, HRasG12V increased the efficacy of the @entity1435 MAPK inhibitor @entity1441 to inhibit @entity1356 -induced @entity650 secretion. In summary, oncogenic Ras co-operates with the microenvironment-derived @entity310 / @entity1356 to sustain inflammatory microenvironment, which was effectively attenuated via inhibition of @entity1435 MAPK signaling.

title: Oncogenic Ras modulates @entity1435 MAPK-mediated inflammatory cytokine production in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']