abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between injury in the marginal division (MrD) of the striatum and the @entity73 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with injury in the MrD of the striatum were examined routinely by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive tests of each @entity1 were performed and the results evaluated against their MRI findings. A comparative study of the MRI features and the degree of @entity73 was also performed between these @entity1 and 10 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). RESULTS: @entity63 was the main cause of MrD injuries, manifested by abnormal signals (long T1 and T2 signals) in the MrD. The findings in the 10 @entity195 @entity1 were characterized by atrophy of the temporal lobe, hippocampus and the cortex. The average mini-mental-status examination (MMSE) score of the 20 @entity1 was 19.7, with impaired memory and computation abilities as the main manifestations of @entity73 . The average MMSE score in the @entity195 group was 11, and the @entity73 included all aspects of the cognitive function. No significant difference of the @entity73 was noted between the @entity1 with only injury in the MrD and those with also the injury in other areas of the striatum. CONCLUSION: The MrD is probably a new area related to the memory function of the brain, and the @entity130 may cause @entity73 .

title: [Clinical analysis of the relationship between injury of the marginal division and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of MrD']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: Charcot @entity6287 is a devastating process that occurs in the @entity6 foot. It must be distinguished from other conditions, such as @entity4034 , with efficiency and accuracy. The prognosis and treatment depends on it. Charcot progresses along four radiographically identifiable stages; therefore, plain films should be the first step in the evaluation. When @entity4034 is suspected, a three-phase bone scan may allow clear enough anatomic detail to diagnosis bony involvement compared with soft tissue in the forefoot. In the midfoot, a three-phase bone scan alone is not specific enough to distinguish between Charcot and @entity4034 . Enhancing the bone scans by adding an additional phase (four-phase) or tracer ( @entity2719 ) does not appear to improve specificity significantly. Computerized bone flow studies may be more helpful in making the distinction, particularly in acute presentation. A CT scan is not indicated because the MR image will better define the anatomic extent of the process for preoperative planning. The combined WBC scans and @entity599 colloid marrow scans show improved specificity and can distinguish between Charcot and @entity4034 . Combined leukocyte scan with bone marrow imaging is superior to leukocyte and bone scan alone or in combination for detecting @entity281 in the neuropathic foot. The combined leukocyte scan and bone marrow imaging is the current gold standard for evaluating the presence of @entity6 versus @entity6287 , and MR imagine is the anatomic gold standard that may be used to define the extent of the process.

title: Imaging modalities of the XXXX foot.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic foot infection']

entities_list: @entity6287 :: ('MESH:C537144', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) perfusion of @entity6138 (BBS) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) activity was examined in conscious @entity235 with electrodes implanted on the stomach and small intestine. Cannulas and a catheter were chronically positioned in the lateral and fourth cerebral ventricles, respectively. i.c.v. perfusion of BBS, which failed to increase plasma BBS levels, replaced phase I activity in the stomach and duodenum by intense irregular spike activity and decreased the occurrence rate of MMCs, whereas intravenous infusion of BBS evoked phase II-like activity, mainly in the jejunum and ileum, and suppressed phase III activity. These data suggest that the effect of i.c.v. administration of BBS was mediated by direct activation of central brain structures. During i.c.v. perfusion of BBS, cycling in plasma levels of motilin persisted even when phase III activity was absent and plasma levels of @entity1425 rose significantly. @entity1425 infusion, however, did not affect myoelectric gastrointestinal activity except for prolonging phase II. Thus it is unlikely that the central action of BBS is exerted by motilin or @entity1425 .

title: Effect of cerebroventricular perfusion of XXXX on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine', 'epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity6138 :: (MESH:D001839,Chemical) :: ['bombesin']


abstract: @entity1243 , a 167 @entity535 peptide, is known to influence the gonads via direct and indirect effects. Recent studies provide contradictory proposition about the peripheral impact of @entity1243 in the male gonads. Thus, we examined @entity1243 and its receptors in @entity1 seminal plasma and in @entity1 ejaculated spermatozoa by Western blot technique and fluorescence microscopy. In seminal plasma we found a free @entity1243 band (16 kDa) by an anti- @entity1243 polyclonal antibody. Incubation of seminal plasma with recombinant @entity1243 caused a statistically significant increase in the amount of free @entity1243 (p < 0.01) and supports this finding. Furthermore, a soluble @entity13156 (145 kDa) was found in @entity1 seminal plasma in the same specimen. We also detected a 145-kDa @entity13156 isoform in ejaculated spermatozoa as a possible target of @entity1243 action in the male genital tract, which was localized at the tail of spermatozoa by immunofluorescence microscopy only. This receptor was significantly associated with the intactness of sperm plasma membranes. Spermatozoa with deteriorated membranes contained 49.2 +/- 6.9% @entity13156 signal intensity compared with spermatozoa having intact membranes (p < 0.01). This finding is difficult to interpret and may be caused by a leakage of @entity13156 due to loss of membrane integrity. In conclusion, these data provide further hints for a peripheral role of @entity1243 in the male genital tract, possibly, by an interaction between @entity1243 and spermatozoa via sperm @entity1243 receptors.

title: Leptin and leptin receptor in XXXX seminal plasma and in @entity1 spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1243 , a 167 @entity535 peptide, is known to influence the gonads via direct and indirect effects. Recent studies provide contradictory proposition about the peripheral impact of @entity1243 in the male gonads. Thus, we examined @entity1243 and its receptors in @entity1 seminal plasma and in @entity1 ejaculated spermatozoa by Western blot technique and fluorescence microscopy. In seminal plasma we found a free @entity1243 band (16 kDa) by an anti- @entity1243 polyclonal antibody. Incubation of seminal plasma with recombinant @entity1243 caused a statistically significant increase in the amount of free @entity1243 (p < 0.01) and supports this finding. Furthermore, a soluble @entity13156 (145 kDa) was found in @entity1 seminal plasma in the same specimen. We also detected a 145-kDa @entity13156 isoform in ejaculated spermatozoa as a possible target of @entity1243 action in the male genital tract, which was localized at the tail of spermatozoa by immunofluorescence microscopy only. This receptor was significantly associated with the intactness of sperm plasma membranes. Spermatozoa with deteriorated membranes contained 49.2 +/- 6.9% @entity13156 signal intensity compared with spermatozoa having intact membranes (p < 0.01). This finding is difficult to interpret and may be caused by a leakage of @entity13156 due to loss of membrane integrity. In conclusion, these data provide further hints for a peripheral role of @entity1243 in the male genital tract, possibly, by an interaction between @entity1243 and spermatozoa via sperm @entity1243 receptors.

title: Leptin and leptin receptor in @entity1 seminal plasma and in XXXX spermatozoa.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: To undertake a clinicopathological study of @entity11534 of epithelial histogenesis which clinically and pathologically mimic @entity3620 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Over a 10-year (1990-2000) study period 53 @entity189 mimicking @entity2615 ('pseudomesotheliomatous' @entity189 ) were identified. The study group comprised 50 @entity1 and three females, age range 33-77 (median 68) years. In 46 (87%) cases there was a history of smoking and in 40 (76%) cases a history of asbestos exposure. Histologically the @entity189 could be divided into two broad groups: primary @entity2 with florid pleurotropic growth (n = 47), of which 34 (70%) were @entity420 ; and diffuse @entity3909 involvement of the pleura by @entity5 (n = 6). This latter group comprised two @entity1606 of @entity1358 , one ductal @entity788 , one @entity263 and one @entity957 of @entity8174 gland origin. Follow-up data were available in 35 cases. @entity5 type, survival was poor (median 8 months) and comparable to @entity2615 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 are uncommon (comprising 6% of referrals), pathologically heterogeneous @entity5 with poor prognosis. Tissue diagnosis should be obtained in all cases of suspected @entity5 . By light microscopy and immunophenotype many of the @entity5 mimicked @entity3620 . In particular, an awareness that all @entity5 exhibiting squamous differentiation may express @entity4205 and @entity9820 is important to prevent misinterpretation. In this respect, calretinin is regarded as the most specific and sensitive mesothelial marker. Misdiagnosis may have medico-legal implications in asbestos-related compensation claims.

title: 'Pseudomesotheliomatous' XXXX of the pleura: a 10-year analysis of cases from the Environmental Lung Disease Research Group, Cardiff.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumour', 'neoplasms', 'diffuse pleural neoplasia', 'tumours', 'Regardless of tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', "Pleural 'pseudomesotheliomatous' carcinomas", "pleural 'pseudomesotheliomatous' carcinomas"]

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma', 'malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['bladder, one renal (clear) cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity11534 :: ('MESH:D012700', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse serosal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: The complete sequence of the circular 101,016-bp megaplasmid pKB1 from the @entity34643 -degrading bacterium @entity70629 Kb1, which represents the first described extrachromosomal DNA of a member of this genus, was determined. Plasmid pKB1 harbors 105 open reading frames. The predicted products of 46 of these are significantly related to proteins of known function. Plasmid pKB1 is organized into three functional regions that are flanked by insertion sequence (IS) elements: (i) a replication and putative partitioning region, (ii) a putative metabolic region, and (iii) a large putative conjugative transfer region, which is interrupted by an additional IS element. Southern hybridization experiments revealed the presence of another copy of this conjugational transfer region on the bacterial chromosome. The origin of replication (oriV) of pKB1 was identified and used for construction of @entity526 -Gordonia shuttle vectors, which was also suitable for several other @entity15669 and related genera. The metabolic region included the heavy-metal resistance gene @entity70630 , encoding a P-type ATPase. Expression of @entity70630 in @entity526 mediated resistance to @entity3409 , but not to @entity219 , and decreased the cellular content of @entity3409 in this host. When @entity70629 Kb1 was cured of plasmid pKB1, the resulting derivative strains exhibited slightly decreased @entity3409 resistance. Furthermore, they had lost the ability to use @entity21045 rubber as a sole source of @entity505 and energy, suggesting that genes essential for rubber degradation are encoded by pKB1.

title: Characterization of the 101-kilobase-pair megaplasmid pKB1, isolated from the rubber-degrading bacterium XXXX Kb1.

entities_list: @entity15669 :: ('MESH:C564159', 'Disease') :: ['Gordonia species']

entities_list: @entity70629 :: ('158898', 'Species') :: ['G. westfalica strain', 'Gordonia westfalica']

entities_list: @entity34643 :: ('CHEBI:53406', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-1,4-polyisoprene']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity70629 :: (158898,Species) :: ['Gordonia westfalica']


abstract: The @entity1024 receptor (NMDAR) is a major neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system (CNS), with functional roles in learning, memory, and sensation. Several mechanisms potentiate NMDARs, and NMDAR hyperexcitability plays pathophysiological roles in many conditions, such as @entity179 , @entity63 , and chronic conditions arising from @entity1566 . Previous research suggests that the @entity11588 subunit of the receptor contributes to NMDAR excitotoxicity in heterologous cells and in neurons in vivo. To investigate the role of @entity11588 in NMDAR excitotoxicity, we have developed a system based on flow cytometry that allows rapid evaluation of the effect of antisense constructs on protein expression and channel function. The enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) was fused to obligatory NMDAR subunits, allowing expression to be monitored in living cultured cells. An @entity11588 antisense construct, asNR2A, specifically and effectively reduced @entity11588 -EYFP expression. @entity6806 and @entity11588 fusion proteins formed functional, excitotoxic channels upon co-expression. The asNR2A RNA significantly reduced NMDAR excitotoxicity when @entity11588 levels were limiting for channel formation. Using our assay system, further optimization can be achieved rapidly. The asNR2A construct and the assays developed for this study can be used to provide insights into NMDAR biology and disease.

title: An antisense construct reduces XXXX receptor 2A expression and receptor-mediated excitotoxicity as determined by a novel flow cytometric approach.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand correlates of marital satisfaction in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and their spouses. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, 79 @entity1 with @entity309 and 78 spouses completed the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, the revised Ways of Coping Questionnaire scales, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. A series of linear regression analyses were then performed to investigate correlates of marital satisfaction for @entity1 and spouses. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent of @entity1 were @entity1 . Mean @entity1 age was 56.5 years (+/- 12.5 years), number of years married was 30.7 (+/- 13.5), and duration of @entity309 was 14.2 years (+/- 9.0 years). Demographic features of spouses resembled those of @entity1 . @entity1 and spouses were generally satisfied with their marriages. Linear regression analyses showed that lower marital satisfaction in @entity1 was associated with higher education level (P < 0.01), @entity1 's greater use of escape into fantasy (P < 0.01), @entity1 's greater use of finding blame (P < 0.05), and spouse's higher use of escape into fantasy (P < 0.001). Spouses less satisfied with their marriages were more likely to use passive acceptance (P < 0.05) and less likely to find blame (P < 0.05). Female spouses were less likely to be satisfied in their marriages (P < 0.01) than male spouses. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that certain passive coping styles are associated with lower marital satisfaction in @entity1 with @entity309 and their spouses. More highly educated @entity1 and female spouses are also less satisfied in their marriages. These cross-sectional correlations should not be regarded as causal and should be examined further in longitudinal studies.

title: Marital satisfaction in couples with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles played by Hispanic ethnic background and acculturation to the mainstream English language culture of the United States in the @entity308 and mental health of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Members of a consecutive cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 were studied cross-sectionally. All underwent a comprehensive clinical and psychosocial evaluation. @entity308 were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and @entity458 was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) mental health scale. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six @entity1 were studied. @entity1 had significantly higher median CES-D scores than @entity1 (19 versus 14, P = 0.0004), Hispanics scored higher than non-Hispanics (14 versus 8, P = 0.0002), and foreign-born scored higher than US-born @entity1 (14 versus 10, P = 0.009). Compared with those who were fully acculturated, @entity1 who were partially acculturated were more likely to have a score > or = 16 on the @entity309 -adjusted CES-D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.37 to 2.35, P < or = 0.001). Among unacculturated @entity1 , the likelihood of a score > or = 16 increased 6-fold (OR = 6.68; 95% CI 3.50 to 12.72; P < or = 0.001). A similar, inverse pattern was observed for the SF-36 mental health scale. In multivariate models accounting for age, sex, education, income, @entity158 , @entity85 , and the level of disability, low acculturation was independently associated with high @entity308 , and a Hispanic background was independently associated with lower SF-36 mental health. CONCLUSIONS: In this consecutive series of @entity309 @entity1 , Hispanics, particularly those who are not fully acculturated to the mainstream Anglo society, had more @entity308 and @entity458 than did non-Hispanics.

title: Symptoms of XXXX and @entity458 among Hispanics with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['articular pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles played by Hispanic ethnic background and acculturation to the mainstream English language culture of the United States in the @entity308 and mental health of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Members of a consecutive cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 were studied cross-sectionally. All underwent a comprehensive clinical and psychosocial evaluation. @entity308 were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and @entity458 was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) mental health scale. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six @entity1 were studied. @entity1 had significantly higher median CES-D scores than @entity1 (19 versus 14, P = 0.0004), Hispanics scored higher than non-Hispanics (14 versus 8, P = 0.0002), and foreign-born scored higher than US-born @entity1 (14 versus 10, P = 0.009). Compared with those who were fully acculturated, @entity1 who were partially acculturated were more likely to have a score > or = 16 on the @entity309 -adjusted CES-D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.37 to 2.35, P < or = 0.001). Among unacculturated @entity1 , the likelihood of a score > or = 16 increased 6-fold (OR = 6.68; 95% CI 3.50 to 12.72; P < or = 0.001). A similar, inverse pattern was observed for the SF-36 mental health scale. In multivariate models accounting for age, sex, education, income, @entity158 , @entity85 , and the level of disability, low acculturation was independently associated with high @entity308 , and a Hispanic background was independently associated with lower SF-36 mental health. CONCLUSIONS: In this consecutive series of @entity309 @entity1 , Hispanics, particularly those who are not fully acculturated to the mainstream Anglo society, had more @entity308 and @entity458 than did non-Hispanics.

title: Symptoms of @entity308 and XXXX among Hispanics with @entity309 .

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles played by Hispanic ethnic background and acculturation to the mainstream English language culture of the United States in the @entity308 and mental health of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Members of a consecutive cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 were studied cross-sectionally. All underwent a comprehensive clinical and psychosocial evaluation. @entity308 were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and @entity458 was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) mental health scale. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six @entity1 were studied. @entity1 had significantly higher median CES-D scores than @entity1 (19 versus 14, P = 0.0004), Hispanics scored higher than non-Hispanics (14 versus 8, P = 0.0002), and foreign-born scored higher than US-born @entity1 (14 versus 10, P = 0.009). Compared with those who were fully acculturated, @entity1 who were partially acculturated were more likely to have a score > or = 16 on the @entity309 -adjusted CES-D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.37 to 2.35, P < or = 0.001). Among unacculturated @entity1 , the likelihood of a score > or = 16 increased 6-fold (OR = 6.68; 95% CI 3.50 to 12.72; P < or = 0.001). A similar, inverse pattern was observed for the SF-36 mental health scale. In multivariate models accounting for age, sex, education, income, @entity158 , @entity85 , and the level of disability, low acculturation was independently associated with high @entity308 , and a Hispanic background was independently associated with lower SF-36 mental health. CONCLUSIONS: In this consecutive series of @entity309 @entity1 , Hispanics, particularly those who are not fully acculturated to the mainstream Anglo society, had more @entity308 and @entity458 than did non-Hispanics.

title: Symptoms of @entity308 and @entity458 among Hispanics with XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Approximately one third of all @entity320 @entity1 will experience disease recurrence. Factors that affect @entity1 survival following local, regional, or distant first recurrences of localized @entity320 are the subject of this investigation. METHODS: Survival times for a total of 1,085 first recurrences from 4,568 localized @entity320 @entity1 were examined in relationship to @entity1 and disease factors by Cox regression. Nearly half (48.8%) of all first recurrences were regional, 21.8% were local, and 29.4% were distant recurrences. RESULTS: Survival following recurrence differed significantly by site of recurrence (local, regional, or distant; P < 0.0001). Within each site, the median survival time did not differ by time of recurrence following diagnosis. Significant @entity5 factors for survival following local recurrence included @entity5 thickness (P = 0.0263) and lesion location (P < 0.0001). For regional recurrences, survival was significantly related to @entity1066 (P = 0.0105) and whether the recurrence was combined with a local recurrence (P = 0.0429). Survival following distant @entity3 was related to number of distant sites (P < 0.0001) and whether a visceral site was involved (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics predict survival following recurrence. Regardless of disease-free interval, long-term follow-up of @entity320 @entity1 is necessary. @entity1 experiencing distant @entity3 have the shortest median survival time compared to @entity1 experiencing local or regional recurrences.

title: Factors affecting survival following local, regional, or distant recurrence from localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The aim of the study was to estimate developmental changes in the @entity95 basolateral complex (BLC) by stereological and histochemical methods. Material consisted of 45 brains of @entity95 (aged from 2 to 180 days, P2 to P180) of both sexes, divided into nine groups. The following parameters were estimated: volume of the cerebral hemisphere; volume of the whole BLC and of particular BLC nuclei; neuronal density and total number of neurons in these nuclei. Developmental changes in @entity8474 ( @entity8474 ) activity in the BLC were also examined. The volume of the cerebral hemisphere increased until P30, whereas volumes of nuclei increased for longer--until P90. The density of neurons in all nuclei studied reached the level characteristic for an adult animal at about P30. The total number of neurons in the dorsolateral division of the lateral nucleus (Ldl) stabilized the earliest--between P30 and P60, whereas in the ventromedial division of the lateral nucleus (Lvm), basomedial (BM) and basolateral (BL) nuclei the number stabilized later--between P60 and P90. @entity8474 activity appears minimal in the BLC on P2, reaches a maximum on P30 and then decreases to the level characteristic of an adult animal on P60. @entity8474 activity was greater in BL than in other nuclei in all age groups. Reaching adult @entity8474 activity 1 month earlier than the total number of neurons in the BLC may indicate a role of the cholinergic system in BLC maturation.

title: Postnatal development of the basolateral complex of XXXX amygdala: a stereological and histochemical study.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The treatment of @entity1516 using a distraction procedure as described by Ilizarov is a standard surgical intervention. Nevertheless, there are problems in achieving bony stability in about 10% of cases even after repeated surgery as reported by Lammens et al. (2000). Traub et al. (1999) found a rate of 50% amputations in 33 cases treated since 1927. To prevent an Ilizarov procedure from resulting in a delayed union or nonunion, Paley et al. (1992) recommended autografting immediately after distraction. Based on the good results in the stimulation of osteogenesis in adults, we started to treat delayed bone union following distraction treatment with high-energy shock wave therapy also in @entity1 . In @entity1 suffering from @entity1516 with a deviation of the @entity2721 , we combine this surgery-substituting therapy with fixation of a Taylor spatial frame in order to correct the @entity2270 . Using this new method of treatment, we were able to achieve stability in four @entity1 who previously had had nonunion even after multiple surgical interventions.

title: [3D-navigated high energy shockwave therapy and @entity2270 correction after failed distraction treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tibial pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['congenital tibial pseudarthrosis']


abstract: The treatment of @entity1516 using a distraction procedure as described by Ilizarov is a standard surgical intervention. Nevertheless, there are problems in achieving bony stability in about 10% of cases even after repeated surgery as reported by Lammens et al. (2000). Traub et al. (1999) found a rate of 50% amputations in 33 cases treated since 1927. To prevent an Ilizarov procedure from resulting in a delayed union or nonunion, Paley et al. (1992) recommended autografting immediately after distraction. Based on the good results in the stimulation of osteogenesis in adults, we started to treat delayed bone union following distraction treatment with high-energy shock wave therapy also in @entity1 . In @entity1 suffering from @entity1516 with a deviation of the @entity2721 , we combine this surgery-substituting therapy with fixation of a Taylor spatial frame in order to correct the @entity2270 . Using this new method of treatment, we were able to achieve stability in four @entity1 who previously had had nonunion even after multiple surgical interventions.

title: [3D-navigated high energy shockwave therapy and XXXX correction after failed distraction treatment of @entity1516 ].

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of @entity5 volume as an indicator of lymph node @entity3 in advanced @entity356 remains to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity5 volume was measured from continuous tissue sections taken from 60 @entity1 with advanced @entity356 (34 males and 26 females, aged 35 to 81 years; average 57.3 years) using a computer generated surface rendering method. The @entity5 volume and conventional clinicopathological factors were then analyzed with respect to the prevalence of lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 was detected in 26 @entity1 (43%). Of 28 @entity1 with a @entity5 > or = 2000 mm3, lymph node @entity3 was observed in 17 @entity1 (61%): n1, 12 @entity1 ; n2, 3 @entity1 ; n3, 2 @entity1 . Of 32 @entity1 with a @entity5 < 2000 mm3, lymph node @entity3 was observed in 9 @entity1 (28%): n1, 6 @entity1 ; n2, 3 @entity1 . A significant difference was found in the prevalence of lymph node @entity3 between the two groups (p = 0.011). Furthermore, only @entity5 volume was an independent variable associated with lymph node @entity3 according to logistic regression analysis (p = 0.013, odds ratio: 0.253, 95% confidence interval: 0.086-0.747). CONCLUSION: @entity5 volume appears to be an important indicator of lymph node @entity3 in advanced @entity356 . However, this factor cannot be used to introduce the option of limited lymphadenectomy for such @entity1 .

title: @entity5 volume as an indicator of nodal status in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of @entity5 volume as an indicator of lymph node @entity3 in advanced @entity356 remains to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity5 volume was measured from continuous tissue sections taken from 60 @entity1 with advanced @entity356 (34 males and 26 females, aged 35 to 81 years; average 57.3 years) using a computer generated surface rendering method. The @entity5 volume and conventional clinicopathological factors were then analyzed with respect to the prevalence of lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 was detected in 26 @entity1 (43%). Of 28 @entity1 with a @entity5 > or = 2000 mm3, lymph node @entity3 was observed in 17 @entity1 (61%): n1, 12 @entity1 ; n2, 3 @entity1 ; n3, 2 @entity1 . Of 32 @entity1 with a @entity5 < 2000 mm3, lymph node @entity3 was observed in 9 @entity1 (28%): n1, 6 @entity1 ; n2, 3 @entity1 . A significant difference was found in the prevalence of lymph node @entity3 between the two groups (p = 0.011). Furthermore, only @entity5 volume was an independent variable associated with lymph node @entity3 according to logistic regression analysis (p = 0.013, odds ratio: 0.253, 95% confidence interval: 0.086-0.747). CONCLUSION: @entity5 volume appears to be an important indicator of lymph node @entity3 in advanced @entity356 . However, this factor cannot be used to introduce the option of limited lymphadenectomy for such @entity1 .

title: XXXX volume as an indicator of nodal status in advanced @entity356 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: The availability of a reliable @entity712 model in large animals is important. We report upon our efforts to develop a chronic @entity712 model in seven @entity1237 using sequential ligation of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary artery and its diagonal branch. After anesthesia and left thoracotomy, the @entity1347 artery was ligated, and the diagonal vessel at the same level was ligated one hour later. Cardiac measurements were performed with a thermodilution catheter and by ultrasonography. Two months after the operation, the same measurements were made and animals were sacrificed for postmortem examinations of their hearts. Hemodynamic measurements, except cardiac output, showed no significant changes immediately after the coronary artery ligation. Echocardiographic measurements showed significant changes in the ejection fraction and fractional shortening without changes in left ventricular dimensions. Wall motion analyses demonstrated variable degrees of anteroseptal @entity910 and @entity910 in all animals immediately after coronary artery ligation. Five animals have undergone hemodynamic and ultrasonographic studies 2 months after coronary artery ligation. The results obtained from these animals showed significant increases in central venous pressure, right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure, and a significant decrease in cardiac output. Increases in left ventricular dimensions and decreases in ejection fraction with fractional shortening in ultrasonographic studies were also observed. Pathologically, well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal @entity1188 , with chamber enlargement, were clearly seen with dilatation of the @entity299 in all specimens. Based on this study, we conclude that @entity1237 , like @entity742 , can provide a reliable model of chronic @entity712 by coronary artery ligation and in view of the many advantages offered by @entity1237 , we believe that this animal model will be useful for cardiac experimentation.

title: A chronic XXXX model by coronary artery ligation in the @entity1237 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'akinesia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart chambers']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The availability of a reliable @entity712 model in large animals is important. We report upon our efforts to develop a chronic @entity712 model in seven @entity1237 using sequential ligation of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary artery and its diagonal branch. After anesthesia and left thoracotomy, the @entity1347 artery was ligated, and the diagonal vessel at the same level was ligated one hour later. Cardiac measurements were performed with a thermodilution catheter and by ultrasonography. Two months after the operation, the same measurements were made and animals were sacrificed for postmortem examinations of their hearts. Hemodynamic measurements, except cardiac output, showed no significant changes immediately after the coronary artery ligation. Echocardiographic measurements showed significant changes in the ejection fraction and fractional shortening without changes in left ventricular dimensions. Wall motion analyses demonstrated variable degrees of anteroseptal @entity910 and @entity910 in all animals immediately after coronary artery ligation. Five animals have undergone hemodynamic and ultrasonographic studies 2 months after coronary artery ligation. The results obtained from these animals showed significant increases in central venous pressure, right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure, and a significant decrease in cardiac output. Increases in left ventricular dimensions and decreases in ejection fraction with fractional shortening in ultrasonographic studies were also observed. Pathologically, well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal @entity1188 , with chamber enlargement, were clearly seen with dilatation of the @entity299 in all specimens. Based on this study, we conclude that @entity1237 , like @entity742 , can provide a reliable model of chronic @entity712 by coronary artery ligation and in view of the many advantages offered by @entity1237 , we believe that this animal model will be useful for cardiac experimentation.

title: A chronic @entity712 model by coronary artery ligation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: Increasingly, there is the need to analyze gene expression in @entity5 tissues and correlate these findings with clinical outcome. Because there are few tissue banks containing enough frozen material suitable for large-scale genetic analyses, methods to isolate and quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue sections are needed. Recovery of RNA from routinely processed biopsies and quantification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been reported; however, the effects of @entity406 fixation have not been well studied. We used a proteinase K-salt precipitation RNA isolation protocol followed by TaqMan quantitative PCR to compare the effect of @entity406 fixation for 24, 48, and 72 hours and for 1 week in normal (2), @entity2543 (3), and @entity957 (4) specimens yielding 9 fresh and 36 @entity406 -fixed samples. We also compared mRNA and protein expression levels using immunohistochemistry for @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity3334 , @entity3544 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in 15 randomly selected and routinely processed @entity1697 . We were able to extract RNA suitable for quantitative @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) from all fresh (9/9) and @entity406 -fixed (36/36) specimens fixed for differing lengths of time and from all (15/15) randomly selected @entity957 . We found that prolonged @entity406 fixation (>48 h) had a detrimental effect on quantitative @entity16757 polymerase chain reaction results that was most marked for @entity3334 and @entity7 but less evident for @entity3544 and @entity470 . Comparisons of quantitative @entity16757 polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry showed that for all markers, except @entity3544 , there was good correlation between mRNA and protein levels. @entity3544 mRNA was overexpressed in only one case, but protein levels were elevated in all but one @entity5 , consistent with the established translational regulation of @entity3544 . These results show that RNA can be reliably isolated from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue sections and can produce reliable quantitative @entity16757 -PCR data. However, results for some markers are adversely affected by prolonged @entity406 fixation times.

title: Effect of duration of fixation on quantitative XXXX polymerase chain reaction analyses.

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['oral epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['reverse transcription', 'RT']

answer: @entity16757 :: (MESH:D054038,Disease) :: ['reverse transcription']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective, controlled study was to evaluate the risk factors for @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing gynecologic surgery and receiving @entity1 -controlled analgesia for three days. METHODS: Six hundred twenty-five gynecologic @entity1 with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I to III undergoing lower-abdominal surgeries were enrolled. A standard, general anesthetic technique was used. @entity282 was treated by a @entity1 -controlled analgesia device with bolus intravenous doses of 1 mg @entity1286 . For 3 days after surgery @entity1 were assessed for occurrence of @entity391 , sedation, and @entity158 intensity when at rest and during movement. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity391 was 26% on postoperative day 1, 13% on day 2, and 4% on day 3. On all 3 days, @entity1 ' @entity158 scores when at rest and when coughing were higher for those with @entity391 than for those without. During the first 2 postoperative days the @entity1 with and those without @entity391 consumed similar amounts of @entity1286 daily, but on the third day the @entity1 with @entity391 consumed significantly more @entity1286 than did those without @entity391 ( <0.05). Further logistic regression analysis showed that incident @entity158 was the main risk factor for @entity1209 on all 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that @entity282 was an associative risk factor to increase the incidence of @entity391 in these female @entity1 .

title: Does @entity282 induce XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative emesis']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['emesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective, controlled study was to evaluate the risk factors for @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing gynecologic surgery and receiving @entity1 -controlled analgesia for three days. METHODS: Six hundred twenty-five gynecologic @entity1 with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I to III undergoing lower-abdominal surgeries were enrolled. A standard, general anesthetic technique was used. @entity282 was treated by a @entity1 -controlled analgesia device with bolus intravenous doses of 1 mg @entity1286 . For 3 days after surgery @entity1 were assessed for occurrence of @entity391 , sedation, and @entity158 intensity when at rest and during movement. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity391 was 26% on postoperative day 1, 13% on day 2, and 4% on day 3. On all 3 days, @entity1 ' @entity158 scores when at rest and when coughing were higher for those with @entity391 than for those without. During the first 2 postoperative days the @entity1 with and those without @entity391 consumed similar amounts of @entity1286 daily, but on the third day the @entity1 with @entity391 consumed significantly more @entity1286 than did those without @entity391 ( <0.05). Further logistic regression analysis showed that incident @entity158 was the main risk factor for @entity1209 on all 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that @entity282 was an associative risk factor to increase the incidence of @entity391 in these female @entity1 .

title: Does XXXX induce @entity391 ?

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The trend toward day-case surgery, with discharge on oral medication, has highlighted the need for effective and safe analgesics that facilitate a rapid recovery and discharge time. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy, dose dependency, duration of action, and safety of the @entity3840 specific inhibitor, @entity17852 , administered before oral or orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Eligible healthy adult @entity1 were scheduled to undergo either extraction of two impacted third molar teeth (n = 284) or bunionectomy surgery (n = 223) with local anesthesia in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted at three centers in the United States. @entity1 received a single, preoperatively administered oral dose of placebo or 10 (oral surgery only), 20, 40, or 80 mg @entity17852 . Analgesic efficacy was assessed postoperatively, over a 24-h treatment period, or until the @entity1 required rescue medication. Efficacy measures included time to rescue medication, proportion of @entity1 requiring such rescue, @entity158 intensity, and the @entity1 's Global Evaluation of Study Medication. RESULTS: In both studies, all doses of @entity17852 produced @entity1337 with a duration (time to rescue @entity1337 ) and magnitude ( @entity158 Intensity, @entity1 's Global Evaluation) significantly greater than placebo. A dose-dependent effect was observed up to 40 mg @entity17852 , with an 80-mg dose providing no additional analgesic benefit. In both models, all doses of @entity17852 were well tolerated, with no clinically significant treatment-related gastrointestinal, renal, or platelet-derived adverse events, and no evidence of a dose-related increase in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative orally administered @entity17852 provides well-tolerated and effective @entity1337 for mild to moderate @entity282 .

title: A single preoperative oral dose of XXXX , a new @entity3840 specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity17852 :: ('MESH:C406224', 'Chemical') :: ['valdecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity17852 :: (MESH:C406224,Chemical) :: ['valdecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The trend toward day-case surgery, with discharge on oral medication, has highlighted the need for effective and safe analgesics that facilitate a rapid recovery and discharge time. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy, dose dependency, duration of action, and safety of the @entity3840 specific inhibitor, @entity17852 , administered before oral or orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Eligible healthy adult @entity1 were scheduled to undergo either extraction of two impacted third molar teeth (n = 284) or bunionectomy surgery (n = 223) with local anesthesia in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted at three centers in the United States. @entity1 received a single, preoperatively administered oral dose of placebo or 10 (oral surgery only), 20, 40, or 80 mg @entity17852 . Analgesic efficacy was assessed postoperatively, over a 24-h treatment period, or until the @entity1 required rescue medication. Efficacy measures included time to rescue medication, proportion of @entity1 requiring such rescue, @entity158 intensity, and the @entity1 's Global Evaluation of Study Medication. RESULTS: In both studies, all doses of @entity17852 produced @entity1337 with a duration (time to rescue @entity1337 ) and magnitude ( @entity158 Intensity, @entity1 's Global Evaluation) significantly greater than placebo. A dose-dependent effect was observed up to 40 mg @entity17852 , with an 80-mg dose providing no additional analgesic benefit. In both models, all doses of @entity17852 were well tolerated, with no clinically significant treatment-related gastrointestinal, renal, or platelet-derived adverse events, and no evidence of a dose-related increase in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative orally administered @entity17852 provides well-tolerated and effective @entity1337 for mild to moderate @entity282 .

title: A single preoperative oral dose of @entity17852 , a new @entity3840 specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy XXXX .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The trend toward day-case surgery, with discharge on oral medication, has highlighted the need for effective and safe analgesics that facilitate a rapid recovery and discharge time. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy, dose dependency, duration of action, and safety of the @entity3840 specific inhibitor, @entity17852 , administered before oral or orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Eligible healthy adult @entity1 were scheduled to undergo either extraction of two impacted third molar teeth (n = 284) or bunionectomy surgery (n = 223) with local anesthesia in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted at three centers in the United States. @entity1 received a single, preoperatively administered oral dose of placebo or 10 (oral surgery only), 20, 40, or 80 mg @entity17852 . Analgesic efficacy was assessed postoperatively, over a 24-h treatment period, or until the @entity1 required rescue medication. Efficacy measures included time to rescue medication, proportion of @entity1 requiring such rescue, @entity158 intensity, and the @entity1 's Global Evaluation of Study Medication. RESULTS: In both studies, all doses of @entity17852 produced @entity1337 with a duration (time to rescue @entity1337 ) and magnitude ( @entity158 Intensity, @entity1 's Global Evaluation) significantly greater than placebo. A dose-dependent effect was observed up to 40 mg @entity17852 , with an 80-mg dose providing no additional analgesic benefit. In both models, all doses of @entity17852 were well tolerated, with no clinically significant treatment-related gastrointestinal, renal, or platelet-derived adverse events, and no evidence of a dose-related increase in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative orally administered @entity17852 provides well-tolerated and effective @entity1337 for mild to moderate @entity282 .

title: A single preoperative oral dose of @entity17852 , a new XXXX specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy @entity158 .

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: For @entity1 with persistent or invasive @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ), systemic injection of chemotherapy is the treatment of choice if fertility is to be preserved. To prevent serious adverse effects after systemic use and possibly achieve better effects, direct local injection of chemotherapy into the @entity5 site, especially when in the myometrium, seems a reasonable alternative. A @entity1 with a persistent @entity1475 with @entity3 is presented. A plateau of beta-hCG ( @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin) level around 550 mIU/mL was noticed for three weeks though systemic @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) injection and repeat suction curettage had been performed. During the same period, a well-defined invasive complex with multiple vesicles in the myometrium was documented using transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Sonar-guided injection to the @entity5 using 50 mg @entity1500 was performed uneventfully. An obvious shrinkage of the mass and declining beta-hCG level were demonstrated after the procedure. The @entity1 restored her menses after the operation and a fertility evaluation including serial beta-hCG levels and hysterosalpingography showed them to be within the reference ranges. The successful outcome of this case encouraged us to treat localized invasive @entity1469 using direct injection of @entity1500 with the guidance of TVUS. Since no identical cases were found in our review of the English literature, more cases and similar regimens are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this procedure.

title: Successful treatment of a persistent mole with @entity3 by direct injection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease', 'GTD']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['molar pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: For @entity1 with persistent or invasive @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ), systemic injection of chemotherapy is the treatment of choice if fertility is to be preserved. To prevent serious adverse effects after systemic use and possibly achieve better effects, direct local injection of chemotherapy into the @entity5 site, especially when in the myometrium, seems a reasonable alternative. A @entity1 with a persistent @entity1475 with @entity3 is presented. A plateau of beta-hCG ( @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin) level around 550 mIU/mL was noticed for three weeks though systemic @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) injection and repeat suction curettage had been performed. During the same period, a well-defined invasive complex with multiple vesicles in the myometrium was documented using transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Sonar-guided injection to the @entity5 using 50 mg @entity1500 was performed uneventfully. An obvious shrinkage of the mass and declining beta-hCG level were demonstrated after the procedure. The @entity1 restored her menses after the operation and a fertility evaluation including serial beta-hCG levels and hysterosalpingography showed them to be within the reference ranges. The successful outcome of this case encouraged us to treat localized invasive @entity1469 using direct injection of @entity1500 with the guidance of TVUS. Since no identical cases were found in our review of the English literature, more cases and similar regimens are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this procedure.

title: Successful treatment of a persistent mole with XXXX by direct injection of @entity1499 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['myometrial invasion']


abstract: PURPOSE: Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is characterized by profound @entity882 , @entity2106 , a @entity1003 , and an enlarging @entity455 . The syndrome develops in infancy and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of @entity1891 in the treatment of KMP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of 15 @entity1 with KMP treated with @entity1891 at 9 institutions across the United States, South America, and Europe. RESULTS: All 15 @entity1 had profound @entity882 and consumption of @entity2002 at presentation. Ten @entity1 had biopsies of their lesions, and results included five (33.3%) kaposiform @entity8146 , three (20%) tufted @entity2695 , @entity75 (6.7%) with features of both @entity24428 and @entity24429 , and one (6.7%) unclassified @entity5 . All 15 @entity1 had an increase in platelet count of at least 20,000 with an average response time of 4.0 weeks after initiation of @entity1891 therapy. Thirteen @entity1 had an increase in @entity2002 level of 50 mg/dL with an average response time of 3.4 weeks. In 13 @entity1 there was a significant decrease in the size of the @entity455 . The average duration of treatment was 21.5 (+/-12.6) weeks. Four @entity1 (26%) relapsed. All four were successfully treated with a second course of @entity1891 . Complications included one @entity1 with @entity490 , one @entity1 with transient @entity427 , and one @entity1 with @entity146 . CONCLUSION: @entity1891 presents a safe and sometimes effective treatment option in the management of KMP.

title: Kasabach-merritt phenomenon: a retrospective study of treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity24428 :: ('MESH:C537007', 'Disease') :: ['kaposiform hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['loss of deep tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['one lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumptive coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine', 'vincristine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity24429 :: ('MESH:C536924', 'Disease') :: ['tufted angioma']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathic hemolytic anemia']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: Andropause seem to be less defined than menopause. This study on older @entity1 describes how they perceive and understand this aging process. A noninterventional, cross-sectional study was performed to determine what @entity1 report as symptoms of andropause to ascertain if @entity2414 was a predominant feature. The hypothesis was that @entity3800 such as @entity251 are responsible for @entity227 . As such the aging process of andropause, which is associated with declines in @entity251 levels, would lead to @entity2414 . A standardized questionnaire of 22 questions was administered to 302 outpatients of a medical center. Information on @entity1 demographics, understanding of andropause, and risk factors was collected. Of the 302 @entity1 , 71% were above 60 years and whites predominated at 87%. @entity2414 was reported in 36% of the @entity1 who felt that they had experienced andropause. It was the third most common symptom after @entity323 (46%) and general weakness (41%). Twenty-two percent of the 302 @entity1 had a history of @entity6 . Among those who reported that they had undergone andropause, @entity6 @entity1 were more likely to report @entity2414 (p = .03, OR = 1.9. CI = 1.1-3.4). Sixty-four percent of @entity1 reported the onset of andropause to be between 50 and 70 years (the median age being 50-60 years). This study highlights the importance of @entity251 in maintaining cognitive functions. It supports studies of @entity251 replacement in @entity1 undergoing andropause and who have concomitant @entity303 . The results parallel recent reports of the neuroprotective effects of @entity172 in preventing @entity303 . @entity6 is associated with @entity2414 because of the additional insults to cognitive function of the brain secondary to @entity63 .

title: XXXX as a reported symptom of andropause.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-spatial and memory development']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory loss', 'memory loss']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Memory loss']


abstract: AIM: To compare the therapeutic effects of proton pump inhibitors vs H2 receptor antagonists for @entity360 in @entity1 after successful endoscopy. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed for randomized controlled trials until July 2014 for this study. The risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and all of the studies had acceptable quality. The main outcomes included mortality, re-bleeding, received surgery rate, blood transfusion units and hospital stay time. These outcomes were estimated using odds ratios (OR) and mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). RevMan 5.3.3 software and Stata 12.0 software were used for data analyses. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials involving 1283 @entity1 were included in this review; 678 subjects were in the proton pump inhibitors (PPI) group and the remaining 605 subjects were in the H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) group. The meta-analysis results revealed that after successful endoscopic therapy, compared with H2RA, PPI therapy had statistically significantly decreased the recurrent bleeding rate (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.25-0.51) and receiving surgery rate (OR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.09-0.96). There were no statistically significant differences in mortality (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.17-1.23). However, significant heterogeneity was present in both the numbers of @entity1 requiring blood transfusion after treatment [ @entity353 ( @entity353 ), -0.70 unit; 95%CI: -1.64 - 0.25] and the time that @entity1 remained hospitalized [ @entity353 , -0.77 d; 95%CI: -1.87 - 0.34]. The Begg's test (P = 0.283) and Egger's test (P = 0.339) demonstrated that there was no publication bias in our meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity360 after successful endoscopic therapy, compared with H2RA, PPI may be a more effective therapy.

title: Proton pump inhibitors therapy vs H2 receptor antagonists therapy for XXXX after endoscopy: A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To standardize a new rating scale for the assessment of apathy in @entity195 (AD) and report on its reliability, structure, and relation to other clinical features of AD. BACKGROUND: apathy is a common prominent @entity146 accompanying AD and is associated with excess disability and increased caregiver burden. Current instruments for the assessment of apathy in AD do not explicitly and systematically attempt to differentiate limited activity and engagement due to lack of interest from inability or longstanding, premorbid personality traits. The present assessment, the @entity303 Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), was developed taking these discriminations into account in question construction and interview format. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 (50% @entity1 ) in the University Memory and Aging Center Research Registry with Probable or Possible AD (by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria) were assessed through caregiver interview or direct @entity1 assessment for apathy, @entity308 , and severity of @entity73 . Item distribution characteristics, factor analysis, and evaluation of reliability were used to develop the final item set for the DAIR, and correlations with other measures were examined. RESULTS: A 16-item unidimensional apathy scale with excellent internal consistency (alpha = 0.89) and temporal reliability ( = 0.85 over 2 months) was developed. Individual differences in apathy on the DAIR were unrelated to dysphoria. Apathy was significantly associated with functional and @entity73 , while @entity308 was not. CONCLUSIONS: The DAIR is a reliable informant-based assessment of apathy in @entity1 with AD. Although apathy is assessed with respect to behaviors within the repertoire of @entity1 , this @entity146 remains associated with more severe deficits in cognitive and adaptive functioning. Associations between @entity308 and @entity303 severity reported in some studies may reflect the confounding of apathy and @entity308 in some assessment instruments.

title: An informant-based assessment of apathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral syndrome']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia', 'Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive and functional deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of coadministration of food on the bioavailability of oral @entity14295 . DESIGN: A randomised, open-label, single dose crossover study in which healthy adults received a single, oral dose of @entity14295 7.5mg, 50% greater than the recommended dose of 5mg, under fed or fasted conditions and were then crossed over to receive the other treatment regimen. @entity1 : 18 healthy volunteers (11 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) aged from 18 to 43 (mean 29) years and weighing 54 to 104 (mean 76.4) kg were enrolled and completed this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: C(max), AUC(S) and AUC(infinity ). RESULTS: Maximum mean plasma concentration (C(max)) was 3.53 microg/L in fed compared with 3.30 microg/L in fasted @entity1 . Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to time of final quantifiable sample (AUC(S)) mean values were 61.0 microg/L x h in fed and 61.9 microg/L x h in fasted @entity1 . Fed individuals had mean AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC(infinity )) of 62.5 microg/L x h compared with 63.5 microg/L x h in fasted @entity1 . None of these differences between the fed and fasted state was statistically significant. The most frequently reported adverse event was @entity10 . There were no statistically significant changes in ECG parameters. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that food has no effect on the oral bioavailability of a single oral dose of @entity14295 7.5mg.

title: Oral bioavailability of XXXX is unaffected by food.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity14295 :: ('MESH:C121345', 'Chemical') :: ['desloratadine']

answer: @entity14295 :: (MESH:C121345,Chemical) :: ['desloratadine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cold sensitivity in @entity1 with hand- and wrist-related diagnoses. METHODS: We included English-speaking adults who were more than 1  month @entity5883 or onset of symptoms. @entity1 were asked if exposure to cold air or water provoked cold-related symptoms and to rank symptom severity (scale 0-10). Statistical analyses evaluated the relationships between the cold sensitivity and independent variables (age, gender, history of @entity130 , and time from @entity130 ). RESULTS: There were 197 @entity1 (mean age 49        16  years): 98 @entity130 and 99 non- @entity130 cases. Cold-induced symptoms were reported by 34  %, with 10  % reporting severe symptoms. Exposure to cold air is the most common catalyst; mean severity score was 6.7        2.2. Those with @entity130 compared to non- @entity130 diagnoses reported significantly more cold-induced symptoms (p   =   .04). Using backward linear regression, the significant predictors of cold symptom severity were @entity130 (p   =   .004) and time since onset (p   =   .003). Including only the @entity130 @entity1 in the regression model, the significant predictor was time since injury (p   =   .005). CONCLUSIONS: Cold-induced symptoms are reported by more than 30  % of hand-related diagnoses, and exposure to cold air was the most commonly reported trigger. The significant predictors of cold-induced symptoms are @entity130 and longer time from injury. This study provides evidence of the common problem of cold sensitivity in @entity1 with hand pathology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II.

title: Prevalence of cold sensitivity in XXXX with hand pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['following hand injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'injury/symptoms', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the appearance and prevalence of subcutaneous nodules in the anterior abdominal wall seen at CT in @entity5 @entity1 receiving subcutaneous injections of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). METHODS: CT examinations were reviewed in 426 @entity1 receiving subcutaneous abdominal wall injections of LMWH for the presence of nodules. Nodules were evaluated for contour, maximal diameter, CT attenuation, and presence of hazy changes or air in the surrounding fat. RESULTS: Fourteen (3%) of the 426 @entity1 had nodules attributable to subcutaneous injections of LMWH. Findings included poorly defined borders (100%), adjacent hazy soft tissue changes (100%), adjacent air (57%), and a mean CT attenuation of -4.4 HU (range: -50-40 HU). Three (0.7%) of 426 @entity1 had nodules caused by @entity3 . One (33%) nodule had poorly defined borders, two (67%) had surrounding hazy changes, one (33%) had air in adjacent tissue, and there was a mean CT attenuation of 44 HU (range: 14-140 HU). One (0.2%) @entity1 had a subcutaneous nodule of uncertain etiology. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving subcutaneous injections of LMWH may develop nodules at the injection sites. Such nodules can resemble @entity3 deposits at CT, and careful correlation with clinical history and growth trends of metastatic deposits elsewhere in the @entity1 is needed to avoid misdiagnosis.

title: Subcutaneous nodules at the injection site of low-molecular-weight heparin: a mimic of XXXX at CT.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positional stability of the endograft is essential for long-term durability after @entity1028 repair (EAR). However, the cumulative risk of delayed endograft migration has been sparsely reported. METHOD: A total of 91 @entity1 studied underwent EAR with the AneuRx endograft with a minimum 1 year from implantation. Data from a prospective database were assessed for proximal endograft migration, defined as > or = 5 mm change from the initial endograft position. Multiple anatomic characteristics were also examined. Sixty-nine @entity1 were alive, with complete follow-up at 1 year, with a mean time from implantation of 33.2 +/- 1.1 months. Data are mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: Endograft migration occurred in 15 @entity1 , giving a cumulative event rate of 7.2% (5/69) at 1 year, 20.4% (10/49) at 2 years, 42.1% (8/19) at 3 years, and 66.7% (2/3) at 4 years post-EAR (P =.01). Although the initial aortic neck diameter did not differ between the groups (21.5 +/- 0.6 mm vs 21.8 +/- 0.3 mm, P =.61), significant (P <.05), late @entity135 was seen in @entity1 with migration (25.0 +/- 1.6 mm, 26.2 +/- 1.2 mm, and 27.0 +/- 1.0 mm at 1,2, and 3 years, respectively) but not in nonmigrators. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant (P <.05) correlation between endograft oversizing and late @entity384 . Overall migration risk was 29.2% in @entity1 oversized >20% and 18.6% in @entity1 oversized < or = 20%. @entity135 (23.4 +/- 6.6 degrees vs 23.5 +/- 3.3 degrees, P =.99), @entity135 (25.9 +/- 2.5 mm vs 27.0 +/- 1.6 mm, P =.74), @entity135 (18.6 +/- 2.6 mm vs 19.4 +/- 1.4 mm, P =.80) and size of @entity1028 (55.5 +/- 1.5 mm vs 54.9 +/- 1.4 mm, P =.84) were similar between migrators and nonmigrators, respectively. Secondary endovascular treatment with aortic cuffs was required in five @entity1 with device migration. CONCLUSIONS: Device migration after EAR with the AneuRx endograft occurred with significant frequency, the incidence of which increased with the length of follow-up. Late @entity384 was significantly associated with migration. Oversizing of the endograft of >20% may accelerate this late @entity384 . However, the etiologies of endograft migration were likely multifactorial, as the majority (8/15) of @entity1 experiencing migration were oversized <20%. Although endovascular repair of these migrations is usually possible, the long-term durability of these secondary procedures is unknown. Careful surveillance for this endograft failure mode must be an essential component of post-EAR follow-up.

title: Endograft migration one to four years after XXXX repair with the AneuRx device: a cautionary note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['initial endograft/aortic neck overlap', 'aortic neck length', 'aortic neck enlargement', 'Aortic neck angulation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic neck dilation']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to review recent literature on suicide and self- @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) including @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ), and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ). Among psychiatric diagnoses, @entity26144 are associated with increased mortality rates, even when specialized treatment is available. Of the mortalities that are reported in individuals with @entity26144 , suicide is among the most commonly reported causes of @entity204 . Additionally, suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors occur frequently in this clinical population. A literature search was undertaken using the databases of Medline/PubMed and PsycInfo to identify papers describing suicidality in individuals with @entity1277 diagnoses. The authors identified studies and review articles published between 2005-2013 (inclusive) that describe the relationship between @entity26144 and suicide, and associated behaviors including self-injurious behaviors, or @entity130 ( @entity130 ). The initial search resulted in 1095 papers that met the a priori search criteria. After careful review, 66 papers were included. The majority of papers described clinical cohorts that were studied longitudinally. The diagnosis described most frequently in selected studies was @entity1278 . There are limited current data about the prevalence of suicide and @entity130 among individuals with @entity26144 . Among the published studies that focus specifically on the relationship between @entity26144 and suicidality, most describe @entity1278 in more detail than other @entity26144 . Nonetheless, rates of mortality, and specifically rates of suicide, are undeniably high in @entity1277 populations, as are the rates of self-harm. Therefore, it is critical for clinicians and caretakers to carefully evaluate these @entity1 for suicide risk and to refer promptly for appropriate treatment.

title: The current status of suicide and self- XXXX : a narrative review.

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'injury in eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['NSSI', 'non-suicidal self-injury']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['injury in eating disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) for the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity0 is rapidly gaining acceptance. The purpose of this study was to assess how surgeons in the Department of Defense ( @entity25739 ) are incorporating @entity1600 into practice. METHODS: Surgeons at all @entity25739 hospitals were telephonically surveyed regarding their current practices with @entity1600 . RESULTS: Of 66 @entity25739 hospitals 23 (35%) are currently performing @entity1600 . Eleven hospitals (11 of 23, 48%) are academic centers, while 12 (12 of 23, 52%) are not teaching facilities. Seventeen (17 of 23, 77%) are in the learning phase of @entity1600 and follow @entity1600 with an axillary dissection. Eighteen (18 of 23, 78%) of facilities have surgeons who learned the procedure in residency/fellowship training. Sixteen (16 of 23, 70%) use a combination of @entity12670 dye and @entity599 colloid radioisotope. Surgeons performing @entity1600 are not aware of the method of examination of the sentinel node at their institution at 6 of 23 (26%) of hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing numbers of surgeons in the @entity25739 Healthcare System are performing @entity1600 . The majority learned the procedure in residency or fellowship and are using a combination of blue dye and radioisotope for the performance of @entity1600 .

title: Implementation of sentinel lymph node biopsy for XXXX by surgeons in the Department of Defense.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['isosulfan blue']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1292 ( @entity1292 ) are the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity791 @entity1 . To access the incidence of @entity1292 and survival in advanced @entity465 , we included 79 @entity1 with @entity791 treated at Hospital Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ) from September 1997 to December 1999 with at least one @entity404 count <or=100 cells/mm(3). The incidence of @entity1292 was analyzed by Poisson's regression, and survival by Kaplan Meier and Cox analysis, considering a retrospective (before @entity404 <or=100 cells/mm(3)) and a prospective (after @entity404 <or=100 cells/mm(3)) period, and controlling for demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. The confidence interval estipulated was 95%. Mean follow-up period was 733 days (CI = 683-782). During the study 9 (11.4%) @entity1 died. Survival from @entity791 diagnosis was a mean of 2589 days (CI = 2363-2816) and from the date of the @entity404 count @entity404 <or=100 cells/mm(3) was a mean of 1376 (CI = 1181-1572) days. Incidence of @entity1292 was 0.51 pp/y before @entity404 <or= 100 cells/mm(3) and 0.29 pp/y after @entity404 <or= 100 cells/mm(3). A lower number of ODs before @entity404 < 100 cells/mm(3) was associated with lower incidence rates after @entity404 <or= 100 cells/mm(3). @entity791 diagnosis based on @entity404 + counts <or= 200 cells/mm(3) was associated with lower incidence rates after @entity404 <or= 100 cells/mm(3). Baseline @entity404 counts above 50 cells/mm(3) (HR = 0.13) and restoration of baseline @entity404 + counts above 100 cells/mm(3) (HR = 0.16) were associated with a lower risk of @entity204 . Controlling both variables, only restoration of baseline counts was statistically significant (HR = 0.22, p = 0.04). We found a very low incidence of @entity1292 and long survival after @entity404 < 100 cells/mm(3). Survival was significantly associated with restoration of baseline @entity404 counts above 100 cells/mm(3).

title: Morbidity and survival in advanced XXXX in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['OD', 'Opportunistic diseases']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: Accrual to cervical @entity5 studies remains a puzzling challenge given the lack of options and the dismal prognosis of this disease. The majority of @entity1 referred for a trial such as this have very advanced disease that is difficult to manage.The observation of 4 partial responses among the 41 @entity1 indicates that @entity19878 has some activity but not sufficient for further development without greater understanding of mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. BACKGROUND: @entity19878 is a microtubule-stabilizing agent approved for metastatic @entity0 . Preclinical data have shown that @entity19878 is active in @entity3907 -sensitive and -resistant cells. Metastatic @entity2622 (mCC) has a poor prognosis and no established second-line therapies. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of @entity19878 in previously treated mCC. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed mCC and at least one prior @entity900 -containing regimen were treated with @entity19878 [6 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days] every 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). Secondary endpoints were response rate, rate of @entity5 growth, overall survival (OS), and safety. Levels of glu-terminated and acetylated tubulin, markers of microtubule stabilization, and surrogates for target engagement were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: In total, 41 @entity1 were enrolled; 34 had @entity5 with primarily squamous histology. The median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 1-6). Four @entity1 (9.7%) had a partial response. Median PFS in months was 2.3 for all, 3.84 for @entity3907 - @entity4024  ve, and 2.03 for @entity3907 -pretreated @entity1 (p = .13). Consistent with this, we found statistically similar (p = 1) rates of growth in @entity3907 -naive @entity1 (0.0035 per day) and @entity3907 pretreated @entity1 (0.0053 per day). Median OS was 5.84 months. G1/2 @entity137 included @entity391 (43%), @entity16 (21%), and @entity1295 (60%). Bowel fistulas were observed in 7% of @entity1 . @entity367 and acetylated tubulin were assessed in @entity5 samples from 11 @entity1 during the first cycle of treatment. Although there was clear evidence of "target engagement" and microtubule stabilization in all @entity5 , a correlation between the extent of tubulin stabilization and response to therapy could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: @entity19878 was well tolerated but showed very modest activity in second- or later-line mCC and cannot be recommended as a therapy. Target engagement was demonstrated but was not correlated with responses, suggesting that other factors mediate drug sensitivity. New strategies are needed for refractory mCC.

title: Phase II Clinical Trial of XXXX in Metastatic @entity2622 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone', 'Ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity19878 :: (MESH:C430592,Chemical) :: ['Ixabepilone']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: Accrual to cervical @entity5 studies remains a puzzling challenge given the lack of options and the dismal prognosis of this disease. The majority of @entity1 referred for a trial such as this have very advanced disease that is difficult to manage.The observation of 4 partial responses among the 41 @entity1 indicates that @entity19878 has some activity but not sufficient for further development without greater understanding of mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. BACKGROUND: @entity19878 is a microtubule-stabilizing agent approved for metastatic @entity0 . Preclinical data have shown that @entity19878 is active in @entity3907 -sensitive and -resistant cells. Metastatic @entity2622 (mCC) has a poor prognosis and no established second-line therapies. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of @entity19878 in previously treated mCC. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed mCC and at least one prior @entity900 -containing regimen were treated with @entity19878 [6 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days] every 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). Secondary endpoints were response rate, rate of @entity5 growth, overall survival (OS), and safety. Levels of glu-terminated and acetylated tubulin, markers of microtubule stabilization, and surrogates for target engagement were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: In total, 41 @entity1 were enrolled; 34 had @entity5 with primarily squamous histology. The median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 1-6). Four @entity1 (9.7%) had a partial response. Median PFS in months was 2.3 for all, 3.84 for @entity3907 - @entity4024  ve, and 2.03 for @entity3907 -pretreated @entity1 (p = .13). Consistent with this, we found statistically similar (p = 1) rates of growth in @entity3907 -naive @entity1 (0.0035 per day) and @entity3907 pretreated @entity1 (0.0053 per day). Median OS was 5.84 months. G1/2 @entity137 included @entity391 (43%), @entity16 (21%), and @entity1295 (60%). Bowel fistulas were observed in 7% of @entity1 . @entity367 and acetylated tubulin were assessed in @entity5 samples from 11 @entity1 during the first cycle of treatment. Although there was clear evidence of "target engagement" and microtubule stabilization in all @entity5 , a correlation between the extent of tubulin stabilization and response to therapy could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: @entity19878 was well tolerated but showed very modest activity in second- or later-line mCC and cannot be recommended as a therapy. Target engagement was demonstrated but was not correlated with responses, suggesting that other factors mediate drug sensitivity. New strategies are needed for refractory mCC.

title: Phase II Clinical Trial of @entity19878 in Metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['Cervical Carcinoma']


abstract: Increased @entity413 utilization and @entity26256 expression are adaptive features of lung cells exposed to @entity519 or @entity871 . @entity26256 is the most regulated isoform of HK. Whether its overexpression could be protective against oxidative stress was explored in @entity1 lung epithelial-like (A549) cells. @entity26256 was overexpressed in A549 cells in a @entity803 -repressible retroviral vector system. Elevated expression of @entity26256 was confirmed by Western blot and activity measurements. Cell death caused by exposure to @entity871 was decreased in @entity26256 -overexpressing cells. This effect was reversed when @entity26256 expression was suppressed with @entity3403 . A similar protective effect was observed in @entity26256 -overexpressing cells after treatment with 1 mM @entity273 for 48 h. At baseline, fluorescence microscopy showed that overexpressed @entity26256 was localized to mitochondria. Electron microscopic studies showed that @entity871 -exposed @entity26256 overexpressors had better-preserved and quantitatively smaller mitochondria than those in which the @entity26256 expression was suppressed or in the nontransduced A549 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was increased in @entity26256 -overexpressing cells exposed to @entity871 compared with the nontransduced control cells under similar conditions. The present study demonstrates that @entity26256 protects @entity1 lung epithelial-like A549 cells against oxidative insults by protecting the mitochondria.

title: Elevated expression of hexokinase II protects XXXX lung epithelial-like A549 cells against oxidative injury.

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity2687 can suffer both psychologically and socially due to excessive @entity158 . After the failure of conservative treatment, conventional surgical interventions, such as anterior stromal puncture have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological and functional results of minimally invasive excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (e- @entity25449 ) for treatment of recurrent @entity2687 and in particular, to evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between July 1990 and January 2001, 116 e-PTKs have been performed mostly in the acute stage of the disease in this single center study. In 15 eyes an unsuccessful @entity25449 had previously been performed elsewhere. Reasons for the erosion included @entity130 ( n=80), @entity6228 ( n=14), @entity2372 ( n=2), and in 20 cases no cause could be detected. A manually guided spot profile was applied in 99 cases (pulse energy 10 mJ, repetition rate 2/s or 3/s, 66-330 pulses). In 17 cases a scanning slit procedure was applied (intended ablation per scan 1 microm, repetition rate 20/s, 447-1,017 pulses). The broad deepithelialisation of Bowman's layer was treated with defocussed overlapping laser pulses. RESULTS: Complete epithelial closure was achieved after an average of 2.3+/-1.3 (median 2) days, the mean follow-up was 2.2+/-1.6 years with a maximum of 5.6 years. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 0.6+/-0.4 preoperatively to 0.9+/-0.3 postoperatively. The keratometric central power remained constant (preoperative 43.0+/-2.2 D (diopters), postoperative 43.3+/-1.9 D). The median keratometric @entity940 remained constant at 1.0 D. Only in 2 @entity1 was an iatrogenic, not completely reversible irregular @entity940 of more than 2 D induced during the learning curve. The spherical equivalent did not change significantly (-1.0+/-3.3 D preop., -1.1+/-3.4 D postop.). In 9 eyes (7.8%) a recurrent @entity2543 occurred after 2-24 (average 8+/-6) months. The cumulative 1-year recurrence rate was 6.5%, the 2-year recurrence rate was 11.5%, the 3-, 4-, and 5-year recurrence rates were all 13.6%. CONCLUSIONS: For recurrent @entity2687 , e- @entity25449 performed with low pulse energy and low number of pulses can be considered an effective treatment modality to achieve a fast and mostly durable epithelial closure. Even after broad removal of the loose epithelium, change of refraction or induction of an irregular @entity940 with @entity227 seems to be the exception.

title: [Phototherapeutic keratectomy for recurrent XXXX (e- @entity25449 ). Report on 116 consecutive interventions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['bullous keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ["Cogan's epithelial dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial defect']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosion syndrome']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal erosion syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity2687 can suffer both psychologically and socially due to excessive @entity158 . After the failure of conservative treatment, conventional surgical interventions, such as anterior stromal puncture have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological and functional results of minimally invasive excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (e- @entity25449 ) for treatment of recurrent @entity2687 and in particular, to evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between July 1990 and January 2001, 116 e-PTKs have been performed mostly in the acute stage of the disease in this single center study. In 15 eyes an unsuccessful @entity25449 had previously been performed elsewhere. Reasons for the erosion included @entity130 ( n=80), @entity6228 ( n=14), @entity2372 ( n=2), and in 20 cases no cause could be detected. A manually guided spot profile was applied in 99 cases (pulse energy 10 mJ, repetition rate 2/s or 3/s, 66-330 pulses). In 17 cases a scanning slit procedure was applied (intended ablation per scan 1 microm, repetition rate 20/s, 447-1,017 pulses). The broad deepithelialisation of Bowman's layer was treated with defocussed overlapping laser pulses. RESULTS: Complete epithelial closure was achieved after an average of 2.3+/-1.3 (median 2) days, the mean follow-up was 2.2+/-1.6 years with a maximum of 5.6 years. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 0.6+/-0.4 preoperatively to 0.9+/-0.3 postoperatively. The keratometric central power remained constant (preoperative 43.0+/-2.2 D (diopters), postoperative 43.3+/-1.9 D). The median keratometric @entity940 remained constant at 1.0 D. Only in 2 @entity1 was an iatrogenic, not completely reversible irregular @entity940 of more than 2 D induced during the learning curve. The spherical equivalent did not change significantly (-1.0+/-3.3 D preop., -1.1+/-3.4 D postop.). In 9 eyes (7.8%) a recurrent @entity2543 occurred after 2-24 (average 8+/-6) months. The cumulative 1-year recurrence rate was 6.5%, the 2-year recurrence rate was 11.5%, the 3-, 4-, and 5-year recurrence rates were all 13.6%. CONCLUSIONS: For recurrent @entity2687 , e- @entity25449 performed with low pulse energy and low number of pulses can be considered an effective treatment modality to achieve a fast and mostly durable epithelial closure. Even after broad removal of the loose epithelium, change of refraction or induction of an irregular @entity940 with @entity227 seems to be the exception.

title: [Phototherapeutic keratectomy for recurrent @entity2687 (e- XXXX ). Report on 116 consecutive interventions].

answer: @entity25449 :: (2185,Gene) :: ['PTK']


abstract: @entity1527 , the agent of the @entity1526 , @entity1526 , contains @entity462 , @entity563 , @entity1889 and metallo proteinases. Aspartic proteinases have not been found so far. The most abundant among these enzymes is cruzipain, a @entity462 proteinase expressed as a complex mixture of isoforms by the major developmental stages of the parasite, including some membrane-bound isoforms. The enzyme is an immunodominant antigen in @entity1 @entity102 and seems to be important in the host/parasite relationship. Inhibitors of cruzipain kill the parasite and cure infected @entity19 , thus making the enzyme a very promising target for the development of new drugs against @entity1526 . In addition 30 kDa cathepsin B-like enzymes have been described. @entity563 peptidases described in the parasite include oligopeptidase B, a member of the @entity10783 oligopeptidase family involved in @entity141 -signalling during @entity1 cell invasion; a @entity10783 endopeptidase (Tc80), against which inhibitors are being developed, and a @entity563 carboxypeptidase belonging to the S10 family. Metalloproteinases homologous to the gp63 of Leishmania spp. are also present. The proteasome has properties similar to those of other eukaryotes, and its inhibition by @entity16628 blocks some differentiation steps in the life cycle of the parasite.

title: Proteinases of XXXX : patential targets for the chemotherapy of Changas desease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['American Trypanosomiasis', 'Chagas Disease', 'Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine', 'serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity16628 :: ('MESH:C067713', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']