abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences between centers in @entity1 outcome after @entity131 are of importance for multicenter studies and have seldom been studied. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the differences in centers enrolling @entity1 in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and surveys. METHODS: We analyzed individual @entity1 data from 9578 @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity131 enrolled in 10 RCTs and 3 observational studies. We used random-effects logistic regression models to estimate the between-center differences in unfavorable outcome (dead, vegetative state, or severe disability measured with the Glasgow Outcome Scale) at 6 months adjusted for differences in @entity1 characteristics. We calculated the difference in odds of unfavorable outcome between the centers at the higher end vs those at the lower end of the outcome distribution. We analyzed the total database, Europe and the United States separately, and 4 larger RCTs. RESULTS: The 9578 @entity1 were enrolled at 265 centers, and 4629 (48%) had an unfavorable outcome. After adjustment for @entity1 characteristics, there was a 3.3-fold difference in the odds of unfavorable outcome between the centers at the lower end of the outcome distribution (2.5th percentile) vs those at the higher end of the outcome distribution (97.5th percentile; P<.001). In the 4 larger RCTs, the differences between centers were similar. However, differences were smaller between centers in the United States (2.4-fold) than between centers in Europe (3.8-fold). CONCLUSION: Outcome after @entity131 differs substantially between centers, particularly in Europe. Further research is needed to study explanations for these differences to suggest where quality of care might be improved.

title: Large between-center differences in outcome after moderate and severe @entity131 in the international mission on prognosis and clinical trial design in XXXX (IMPACT) study.

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Presently, most strategies for development of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) center around @entity410 models that are known to respond to presently marketed @entity734 . These strategies do not take into account that @entity302 can be a progressive disease. Moreover, region-specific aspects of epileptogenesis are rarely considered when new @entity734 are developed. @entity410 in the temporal lobe are often difficult to treat. Animal studies on various @entity410 models in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex (EC) suggest that these structures do not a priori produce @entity410 that are difficult to treat. However, @entity410 -like events in the EC tend to progress to a state of @entity159 -like activity that cannot be suppressed by presently marketed @entity734 . Loss of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic neurotransmission and increased excitatory synaptic coupling seem to cooperate for induction of this state. @entity302 induced alterations in the interaction between the EC and the hippocampus may lead to alterations that facilitate precipitation of @entity410 . Because of the recurrent interaction between the hippocampus and the EC, these @entity410 may reach an intensity that is no longer controllable by presently available @entity734 . Ontogenetic alterations of the circuitry between the EC and the hippocampus, @entity410 -induced stabilization of synaptic connections overexpressed during ontogenesis, @entity410 -induced lesions and subsequent rearrangements of internal cell properties, and synaptic arrangements and kindling-like alterations of nerve cell and glial behavior may all be involved in the generation of a neuronal aggregate whose balance between inhibitory and excitatory processes becomes readily disturbed. Strategies for the development of @entity734 treating such @entity410 should suppress @entity2915 and prevent progression of epileptogenesis. @entity734 directed against @entity410 may be effective if they can be given in sufficient concentrations to suppress very intense local @entity410 .

title: Strategies for the development of drugs for pharmacoresistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The donor cell culture in animal serum-free medium is important for the clinical application of cell transplantation therapy. Recently, @entity1 -derived platelet lysate (PL) gained interest as a substitute for fetal calf serum (FCS), but there are no studies that evaluate the validity of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) expanded with PL-containing medium for @entity6220 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that hBMSCs expanded with FCS-free, PL-containing medium can promote functional recovery after @entity385 . METHODS: hBMSCs were cultured in the FCS- or PL-containing medium. Cell-growth kinetics were analyzed. The vehicle or hBMSCs was stereotactically transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum of the @entity35 subjected to permanent @entity2500 7 days after the insult. Motor function was assessed for 8 weeks, and the fate of transplanted hBMSCs was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in hBMSC expansion between the 2 groups. Transplantation of hBMSCs expanded with the FCS- or PL-containing medium equally promoted functional recovery compared with the vehicle group. Histological analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in their migration, survival, and neural differentiation in the @entity1188 brain between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: hBMSCs expanded with PL-containing medium retained their capacity of migration, survival, and differentiation and significantly promoted functional recovery when stereotactically transplanted into the @entity1188 brain. The PL may be a clinically valuable and safe substitute for FCS in expanding hBMSCs to regenerate the @entity1188 brain.

title: Therapeutic impact of XXXX bone marrow stromal cells expanded by animal serum-free medium for @entity385 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The donor cell culture in animal serum-free medium is important for the clinical application of cell transplantation therapy. Recently, @entity1 -derived platelet lysate (PL) gained interest as a substitute for fetal calf serum (FCS), but there are no studies that evaluate the validity of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) expanded with PL-containing medium for @entity6220 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that hBMSCs expanded with FCS-free, PL-containing medium can promote functional recovery after @entity385 . METHODS: hBMSCs were cultured in the FCS- or PL-containing medium. Cell-growth kinetics were analyzed. The vehicle or hBMSCs was stereotactically transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum of the @entity35 subjected to permanent @entity2500 7 days after the insult. Motor function was assessed for 8 weeks, and the fate of transplanted hBMSCs was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in hBMSC expansion between the 2 groups. Transplantation of hBMSCs expanded with the FCS- or PL-containing medium equally promoted functional recovery compared with the vehicle group. Histological analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in their migration, survival, and neural differentiation in the @entity1188 brain between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: hBMSCs expanded with PL-containing medium retained their capacity of migration, survival, and differentiation and significantly promoted functional recovery when stereotactically transplanted into the @entity1188 brain. The PL may be a clinically valuable and safe substitute for FCS in expanding hBMSCs to regenerate the @entity1188 brain.

title: Therapeutic impact of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells expanded by animal serum-free medium for XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The donor cell culture in animal serum-free medium is important for the clinical application of cell transplantation therapy. Recently, @entity1 -derived platelet lysate (PL) gained interest as a substitute for fetal calf serum (FCS), but there are no studies that evaluate the validity of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) expanded with PL-containing medium for @entity6220 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that hBMSCs expanded with FCS-free, PL-containing medium can promote functional recovery after @entity385 . METHODS: hBMSCs were cultured in the FCS- or PL-containing medium. Cell-growth kinetics were analyzed. The vehicle or hBMSCs was stereotactically transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum of the @entity35 subjected to permanent @entity2500 7 days after the insult. Motor function was assessed for 8 weeks, and the fate of transplanted hBMSCs was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in hBMSC expansion between the 2 groups. Transplantation of hBMSCs expanded with the FCS- or PL-containing medium equally promoted functional recovery compared with the vehicle group. Histological analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in their migration, survival, and neural differentiation in the @entity1188 brain between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: hBMSCs expanded with PL-containing medium retained their capacity of migration, survival, and differentiation and significantly promoted functional recovery when stereotactically transplanted into the @entity1188 brain. The PL may be a clinically valuable and safe substitute for FCS in expanding hBMSCs to regenerate the @entity1188 brain.

title: Therapeutic impact of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells expanded by animal serum-free medium for @entity385 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Labia minora reduction (labioplasty, labiaplasty) is the most common female genital aesthetic procedure. The majority of labia reductions are performed by trimming the labial edges. Many of these @entity1 present with (1) asymmetry; (2) scalloping of the labial edges with wide, occasionally painful @entity2318 ; and (3) abrupt termination and distortion of the clitoral hood at its normal junctions with the clitoral frenula and the upper labium. Reconstruction can usually be performed with wedge excisions, labial YV advancement, and touch-up trimming. Reconstruction of a labial amputation, however, required the development of a new clitoral hood flap. METHODS: Twenty-four clitoral hood flaps were performed on 17 @entity1 from June of 2006 through May of 2010. An island clitoral hood flap randomly based on the dartos fascia of the lower clitoral hood and medial labium majus is transposed to the ipsilateral labial defect to reconstruct a labium. Of the 10 @entity1 with unilateral flaps, nine of the @entity1 had previous bilateral labial reductions. Reconstruction of the opposite side in these nine @entity1 was performed using one or a combination of the following: wedge excisions, @entity1442 , or controlled touch-up trimming. RESULTS: All 24 flaps survived, with four minor complications. Five @entity1 underwent revision of a total of seven flaps, but only two were for complications. As experience increased, revisions for aesthetic improvement became less common. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of labia minora defects secondary to trimming labia reductions is very successful using a combination of clitoral hood flaps, wedge excisions, and YV advancements.

title: Labia minora reconstruction using clitoral hood flaps, wedge excisions, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['YV advancement flaps']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['YV advancement flaps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 frequently occur after @entity510 ( @entity510 ). Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a preferred biomarker for the diagnosis of @entity299 , and the clinical significance of cTn elevation after @entity510 remains controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between cTn elevation and @entity1 outcomes, including delayed @entity2806 (DCI), poor outcome ( @entity204 or dependency), and @entity204 in @entity510 @entity1 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies reporting an association between cTn elevation and outcome after @entity510 that were published before December 31, 2014. We extracted data regarding @entity1 characteristics, cTn elevation, and outcome measurements (DCI, poor outcome, or @entity204 ). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 2214 @entity1 were included in data analysis. Elevation of cTn was observed in 30% of the @entity1 . The cTn elevation was associated with an increased risk of DCI (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23-1.79), poor outcome (RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.51-2.40), and @entity204 (RR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.04-3.12). At the 3- and 12-  month follow-ups, cTn elevation was associated with higher rates of DCI (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.11-2.07), poor outcome (RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.51-2.40), and @entity204 (RR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.80-4.29). At in-hospital follow-ups, cTn elevation was also associated with the higher rate of @entity204 (RR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.76-3.07). CONCLUSIONS: cTn elevation in @entity510 @entity1 is associated with an increased risk of DCI, poor outcome, and @entity204 after @entity510 .

title: Cardiac Troponin Elevation and Outcome after XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac abnormalities', 'cardiac damage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper was to evaluate correlation between cyst recurrence and some cyst characteristics after sclerotherapy of non-neoplastic @entity42 with @entity167 - @entity2929 combination. METHODS: Fifty two cases of simple @entity42 were subjected to sclerotherapy with @entity167 and @entity2929 . Two @entity1 were excluded due to suspicious cytologic result. All @entity1 were followed-up monthly with color Doppler ultrasonography for over 12 months. Failure of procedure was considered if recurrent cyst diameter exceeds 5 centimeters detected by ultrasound. Cyst size, volume and color of aspirate, @entity134 hormone, and @entity5 marker levels of the cyst fluid were correlated to the recurrence rate. RESULTS: The fluid of cyst was serous in 32 cases and dark @entity6353 -colored in twenty cases. Cytological analyses of thirty cysts were acellular sediment, twenty were suitable with @entity46 and two were reported as suspicious. At 12-month follow-up, 12 cyst recurrences was detected. There was no difference in aspirated cyst volume, cyst size and FSH and LH content of recurrent and resolved cyst. The cyst wall thickness of recurrent cyst was higher than that of resolved cyst (P<0.001). The mean @entity53 and @entity1420 concentrations of resolved cysts were significantly higher than that of recurrent cysts on the other hand, the mean @entity10224 levels in recurrent cysts (347.9  204.4) was significantly higher as compared to the mean @entity10224 concentrations of resolved cyst (16.75  22.45). CONCLUSION: Aspiration and sclerotherapy with @entity167 and @entity2929 yielded a relatively high recurrence rate in cyst with a bloody aspirate and high @entity10224 levels in cyst fluid.

title: Recurrence of XXXX after sclerotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst', 'ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cyst']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to develop a simplified, safe, and cost-effective peripheral-blood progenitor-cell (PBPC) mobilization protocol. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with relapsed or resistant @entity706 were entered onto a sequential cohort study in which schedules of various @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) were administered after @entity786 1.5 g/m2. Hematologic recovery after high-dose @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ) @entity2879 , @entity2592 , and @entity3601 (BEAM) chemotherapy was compared with that of 46 @entity1 who received autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) without growth factors and 28 @entity1 who received ABMT followed by @entity1261 . RESULTS: When @entity1261 (10 micrograms/kg/d) was administered from the day after the @entity786 , @entity1398 developed on day 8 followed by an abrupt increase in the WBC count. The optimal time for PBPC harvesting was the day on which the postnadir WBC count was greater than 8.0 x 10(9)/L, as shown by @entity2280 + cell counts and granulocytic-macrophage colony-forming cell (GM-CFC) assays. The reproducibility of the response was such that routine monitoring of @entity2280 + cell counts and GM-CFC was not necessary. A single leukapheresis on this day was adequate for prompt hematologic engraftment, and posttransplant @entity1261 made little further impact on the rapid recovery. Compared with both control groups, the use of PBPC led to more rapid neutrophil recovery, markedly accelerated platelet recovery, less use of antimicrobial agents and parenteral nutrition, and more than 10 days earlier discharge from hospital. All of these differences were highly significant (P < .01). CONCLUSION: A simplified mobilization protocol is described that requires only one apheresis to achieve rapid hematologic engraftment.

title: Development of a simplified single-apheresis approach for peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplantation in previously treated @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', 'carmustine']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to develop a simplified, safe, and cost-effective peripheral-blood progenitor-cell (PBPC) mobilization protocol. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with relapsed or resistant @entity706 were entered onto a sequential cohort study in which schedules of various @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) were administered after @entity786 1.5 g/m2. Hematologic recovery after high-dose @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ) @entity2879 , @entity2592 , and @entity3601 (BEAM) chemotherapy was compared with that of 46 @entity1 who received autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) without growth factors and 28 @entity1 who received ABMT followed by @entity1261 . RESULTS: When @entity1261 (10 micrograms/kg/d) was administered from the day after the @entity786 , @entity1398 developed on day 8 followed by an abrupt increase in the WBC count. The optimal time for PBPC harvesting was the day on which the postnadir WBC count was greater than 8.0 x 10(9)/L, as shown by @entity2280 + cell counts and granulocytic-macrophage colony-forming cell (GM-CFC) assays. The reproducibility of the response was such that routine monitoring of @entity2280 + cell counts and GM-CFC was not necessary. A single leukapheresis on this day was adequate for prompt hematologic engraftment, and posttransplant @entity1261 made little further impact on the rapid recovery. Compared with both control groups, the use of PBPC led to more rapid neutrophil recovery, markedly accelerated platelet recovery, less use of antimicrobial agents and parenteral nutrition, and more than 10 days earlier discharge from hospital. All of these differences were highly significant (P < .01). CONCLUSION: A simplified mobilization protocol is described that requires only one apheresis to achieve rapid hematologic engraftment.

title: Development of a simplified single-apheresis approach for peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplantation in previously treated XXXX with @entity706 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated as 15F1.5, was generated against surface determinants of a @entity235 peripheral blood-derived PHA-induced @entity28634 -dependent T cell line. It reacted with 65-80% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 90-95% of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), 65-70% of thymocytes, 85-95% of @entity24685 positive cells and 85-95% of @entity28634 -dependent T lymphoid cells in flow cytometry. It was nonreactive with peripheral blood red cells and platelets. It immunoprecipitated 95 and 150 Kd proteins derived from detergent solubilized lymphocyte membranes. Indirect immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections demonstrated positive reactivity to cells in lymphoid but not nonlymphoid tissues. The 15F1.5 antibody was not directly mitogenic for PBMC's. It caused significant decrease (P < or = 0.05) in the lymphoproliferative response to T-dependent B cell mitogens, such as pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and staphage lysate (SPL), without significant effects on responses to the T cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and concanavalin A (Con A). The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response and both the proliferative and effector arms of the cell-mediated @entity137 reactions (CMC) were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The mAb also inhibited the auto- and allolymphoproliferative reactivity of mixed lymphocyte kidney or islet cell cultures (MLKC and MLIC), and the adhesion of T lymphoblasts and @entity4515 -treated PMNs to endothelial cells. In vivo administration of the 15F1.5 (20 mg/day for 5 days) caused an immediate and prolonged reduction in MLC responses, associated with cell binding of the mAb to PBMC and epitope modulation during the course of treatment, as indicated by flow cytometry. These results suggest that 15F1.5 is an immunomodulating antibody reacting with @entity235 LFA-1. Thus, this mAb would be useful in studying the role of LFA-1/ @entity7258 in graft rejection as well as other inflammatory responses. It would also allow the use of an animal model to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of in vivo administration of anti-CD11/CD18 antibodies in organ/tissue transplants.

title: Characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope designated as XXXX leukocyte-associated antigen.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The dynamics of insulin release were investigated in vitro in order to determine the regulatory processes governing its biphasic shape. When subjected to a square wave @entity413 stimulation, the isolated perfused @entity35 pancreas responded with typical biphasic insulin release. Both the duration of the nadir between the two phases and the slope of recovery of insulin release during second-phase secretion exhibited @entity413 dose dependency. Successive 40-min stimuli with @entity413 (8.3 and 16.7 mM), separated by a 20-min rest period, resulted in 2.6- 3.3-fold potentiation of the early phase insulin release rate, previously described as @entity413 -primed @entity734 ( @entity734 ) of insulin secretion. A linear relationship (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001) was observed between the degree of @entity734 and the slope of second-phase insulin release. Successive short stimuli with @entity413 (5-10 min long, 5-10 min apart; 6.9, 8.3, and 16.7 mM) resulted in the inhibition of the response to the second stimulus; this effect was termed @entity734 ( @entity734 ) of insulin release. @entity369 also induced @entity734 ; this was completely overcome by synergistic interaction with @entity413 (8.3 mM). The @entity413 - @entity369 interaction was utilized to demonstrate that the interphasic nadir of insulin release was the expression of @entity734 . Thus, introduction of an @entity369 stimulus during the nadir in @entity413 -induced insulin release abolished the silent phase, the secretion rate reaching the level expected for the combined @entity413 - @entity369 stimulus. However, the continued presence of @entity734 could be demonstrated by removal of the @entity369 stimulus, at which time, despite ongoing @entity413 stimulation, insulin secretion was markedly inhibited. These observations support the concept that the biphasic dynamics of insulin release is the net expression of three regulatory processes: 1) the acute stimulus-secretion coupling system, best observed as the immediate, first-phase response to a stimulus; 2) @entity734 of insulin release, a relatively rapid signal responsible for the silent period; and 3) @entity734 of insulin release, a slow rising signal responsible for recovery from the silent phase, building up the second-phase of secretion.

title: Biphasic insulin release as the expression of combined inhibitory and potentiating effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDI', 'time-dependent inhibition', 'time-dependent potentiation', 'TDP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ) was used to study the effects of protein kinase C activation on stimulus-secretion coupling in @entity19 pancreatic B-cells. At a nonstimulatory concentration of @entity413 (3 mM), 100 nM @entity865 , but not 10 nM @entity865 , slightly and slowly increased insulin release and 45Ca2+ efflux and decreased 86Rb+ efflux, but did not affect the membrane potential of B-cells. At a threshold concentration of @entity413 (7 mM), 100 nM @entity865 markedly increased insulin release without triggering electrical activity in B-cells. At a stimulatory concentration of @entity413 (10 mM), @entity865 caused a dose-dependent irreversible increase in insulin release, 45Ca2+ efflux, and 86Rb+ efflux and slightly augmented islet @entity268 levels. Omission of extracellular @entity141 abolished the effects of 10 nM @entity865 and partially inhibited those of 100 nM @entity865 on insulin release and 45Ca2+ efflux. In contrast, their effect on 86Rb+ efflux was paradoxically augmented. @entity413 -induced electrical activity in B-cells was only marginally affected by @entity865 ; the duration of the slow waves with spikes was not modified, but a small shortening of the polarized intervals raised their frequency and slightly increased the overall activity. This increase was significant only with 10 nM @entity865 , whereas only 100 nM @entity865 brought about a minute increase in 45Ca2+ influx. These results thus show that @entity865 induces insulin release or potentiates @entity413 -induced insulin release without mimicking or amplifying the initial ionic and electrical signals triggered by @entity413 . They suggest that protein kinase C activation affects stimulus-secretion coupling by modulating intracellular and/or nonelectrogenic membrane events.

title: The ionic, electrical, and secretory effects of protein kinase C activation in @entity19 pancreatic B-cells: studies with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['phorbol ester']


abstract: The @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ) was used to study the effects of protein kinase C activation on stimulus-secretion coupling in @entity19 pancreatic B-cells. At a nonstimulatory concentration of @entity413 (3 mM), 100 nM @entity865 , but not 10 nM @entity865 , slightly and slowly increased insulin release and 45Ca2+ efflux and decreased 86Rb+ efflux, but did not affect the membrane potential of B-cells. At a threshold concentration of @entity413 (7 mM), 100 nM @entity865 markedly increased insulin release without triggering electrical activity in B-cells. At a stimulatory concentration of @entity413 (10 mM), @entity865 caused a dose-dependent irreversible increase in insulin release, 45Ca2+ efflux, and 86Rb+ efflux and slightly augmented islet @entity268 levels. Omission of extracellular @entity141 abolished the effects of 10 nM @entity865 and partially inhibited those of 100 nM @entity865 on insulin release and 45Ca2+ efflux. In contrast, their effect on 86Rb+ efflux was paradoxically augmented. @entity413 -induced electrical activity in B-cells was only marginally affected by @entity865 ; the duration of the slow waves with spikes was not modified, but a small shortening of the polarized intervals raised their frequency and slightly increased the overall activity. This increase was significant only with 10 nM @entity865 , whereas only 100 nM @entity865 brought about a minute increase in 45Ca2+ influx. These results thus show that @entity865 induces insulin release or potentiates @entity413 -induced insulin release without mimicking or amplifying the initial ionic and electrical signals triggered by @entity413 . They suggest that protein kinase C activation affects stimulus-secretion coupling by modulating intracellular and/or nonelectrogenic membrane events.

title: The ionic, electrical, and secretory effects of protein kinase C activation in XXXX pancreatic B-cells: studies with a @entity4621 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is a well-known anti- @entity302 and mood stabilizing drug. A growing number of reports demonstrate that @entity2052 is neuroprotective against various insults. Despite intensive efforts to develop new therapeutics for @entity64 over the past two decades, all treatments have thus far failed to show clinical effect because of treatment-limiting side effects of the drugs. Therefore, a safety-validated drug like @entity2052 would be an attractive candidate if it has neuroprotective effects against @entity63 insults. The present study was undertaken to examine whether pre- and post-insult treatments with @entity2052 protect against @entity4798 and @entity51 in @entity19 transient (tMCAO) and permanent @entity2500 (pMCAO) models. In the tMCAO (2 hr MCAO and 22 hr reperfusion) model, intraperitoneal injection of @entity2052 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly reduced the @entity1188 size and the @entity51 . @entity2052 treatment immediately after reperfusion significantly reduced the @entity1188 size. The administration of @entity2052 at 4 hr after reperfusion failed to reduce the @entity1188 size and the @entity51 . In the pMCAO model, treatment with @entity2052 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly attenuated the @entity1188 size, but did not affect the @entity51 . Western blot analysis of acetylated H3 and H4 protein levels in extracts from the @entity63 cortical area showed that treatment with @entity2052 increased the expression of acetylated H3 and H4 at 2 hrs after MCAO. These results demonstrated that treatment with @entity2052 prior to @entity63 attenuated @entity63 @entity75 in both @entity19 tMCAO and pMCAO models and treatment with @entity2052 immediately after reperfusion reduced the @entity1188 area in the tMCAO model. @entity2052 could therefore be evaluated for clinical use in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Neuroprotection by XXXX in @entity19 models of permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarct']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic Acid']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is a well-known anti- @entity302 and mood stabilizing drug. A growing number of reports demonstrate that @entity2052 is neuroprotective against various insults. Despite intensive efforts to develop new therapeutics for @entity64 over the past two decades, all treatments have thus far failed to show clinical effect because of treatment-limiting side effects of the drugs. Therefore, a safety-validated drug like @entity2052 would be an attractive candidate if it has neuroprotective effects against @entity63 insults. The present study was undertaken to examine whether pre- and post-insult treatments with @entity2052 protect against @entity4798 and @entity51 in @entity19 transient (tMCAO) and permanent @entity2500 (pMCAO) models. In the tMCAO (2 hr MCAO and 22 hr reperfusion) model, intraperitoneal injection of @entity2052 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly reduced the @entity1188 size and the @entity51 . @entity2052 treatment immediately after reperfusion significantly reduced the @entity1188 size. The administration of @entity2052 at 4 hr after reperfusion failed to reduce the @entity1188 size and the @entity51 . In the pMCAO model, treatment with @entity2052 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly attenuated the @entity1188 size, but did not affect the @entity51 . Western blot analysis of acetylated H3 and H4 protein levels in extracts from the @entity63 cortical area showed that treatment with @entity2052 increased the expression of acetylated H3 and H4 at 2 hrs after MCAO. These results demonstrated that treatment with @entity2052 prior to @entity63 attenuated @entity63 @entity75 in both @entity19 tMCAO and pMCAO models and treatment with @entity2052 immediately after reperfusion reduced the @entity1188 area in the tMCAO model. @entity2052 could therefore be evaluated for clinical use in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Neuroprotection by @entity1092 in XXXX models of permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A serial neurophysiological study has been performed of 2 @entity1 during the clinical course of @entity3605 after @entity1 growth hormone (hGH) treatment. Evolution of the EEG pattern was typical: slow waves, periodic sharp wave complexes, then extinction. VEP components were moderately altered. BAERs performed in only 1 @entity1 were normal. The blink reflex (BR) showed an early alteration of the R1 component. The @entity9493 exhibited early and profound anomalies. Pathological changes were obvious at the first recording, at the beginning of the second month after clinical onset: increase in peak latencies, morphological changes and important reduction of b wave amplitude (a/b amplitude ratio > or = 0.70; normal range 0.27-0.41). The @entity9493 was completely absent a few months later. These results are compared with the similar @entity989 described in @entity3605 - or scrapie-infected rodents. In the 2 @entity1 , pathological changes in @entity9493 and in BR were obvious several months before the development of the typical EEG pattern. Therefore, early @entity9493 and BR recording can be helpful in the diagnosis of @entity3605 , especially in this ataxic form following hGH treatment.

title: Neurophysiological follow-up in two @entity1 with XXXX after @entity1 growth hormone treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: A serial neurophysiological study has been performed of 2 @entity1 during the clinical course of @entity3605 after @entity1 growth hormone (hGH) treatment. Evolution of the EEG pattern was typical: slow waves, periodic sharp wave complexes, then extinction. VEP components were moderately altered. BAERs performed in only 1 @entity1 were normal. The blink reflex (BR) showed an early alteration of the R1 component. The @entity9493 exhibited early and profound anomalies. Pathological changes were obvious at the first recording, at the beginning of the second month after clinical onset: increase in peak latencies, morphological changes and important reduction of b wave amplitude (a/b amplitude ratio > or = 0.70; normal range 0.27-0.41). The @entity9493 was completely absent a few months later. These results are compared with the similar @entity989 described in @entity3605 - or scrapie-infected rodents. In the 2 @entity1 , pathological changes in @entity9493 and in BR were obvious several months before the development of the typical EEG pattern. Therefore, early @entity9493 and BR recording can be helpful in the diagnosis of @entity3605 , especially in this ataxic form following hGH treatment.

title: Neurophysiological follow-up in two XXXX with @entity3605 after @entity1 growth hormone treatment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A serial neurophysiological study has been performed of 2 @entity1 during the clinical course of @entity3605 after @entity1 growth hormone (hGH) treatment. Evolution of the EEG pattern was typical: slow waves, periodic sharp wave complexes, then extinction. VEP components were moderately altered. BAERs performed in only 1 @entity1 were normal. The blink reflex (BR) showed an early alteration of the R1 component. The @entity9493 exhibited early and profound anomalies. Pathological changes were obvious at the first recording, at the beginning of the second month after clinical onset: increase in peak latencies, morphological changes and important reduction of b wave amplitude (a/b amplitude ratio > or = 0.70; normal range 0.27-0.41). The @entity9493 was completely absent a few months later. These results are compared with the similar @entity989 described in @entity3605 - or scrapie-infected rodents. In the 2 @entity1 , pathological changes in @entity9493 and in BR were obvious several months before the development of the typical EEG pattern. Therefore, early @entity9493 and BR recording can be helpful in the diagnosis of @entity3605 , especially in this ataxic form following hGH treatment.

title: Neurophysiological follow-up in two @entity1 with @entity3605 after XXXX growth hormone treatment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An intensive 7-day combination chemotherapy protocol was designed to reinduce @entity1 with early bone @entity236 of @entity981 (less than 6 months after the end of or during preceding treatment). This aggressive approach seemed to be justified for a group of @entity1 who were at the highest risk for ultimate treatment failure. In all, 38 @entity1 were enrolled for study. The ratio of male (median age, 10 years) to female (median age, 13 years) subjects was 27:11. Thirty @entity1 were treated for their first relapse and eight for their second or subsequent relapse. Isolated bone marrow involvement was present in 24 cases. All @entity1 had received heavy pretreatment including @entity8253 with cumulative doses of between 120 and 240 mg/m2. 22 of these @entity1 , achieved complete remission, ten did not respond to therapy, and six died from the @entity137 of the protocol. @entity712 was the cause of @entity204 in one @entity1 (after additional radiotherapy for a mediastinal mass). No further clinical manifestation of @entity296 could be observed. The other five @entity1 died from @entity548 or @entity166 complications. The main side effects were @entity221 , @entity344 , @entity3136 , and severe @entity236 lasting for about 2 weeks with nadirs of platelets and white blood count around days 10-14. The remission rate of 60% was acceptable, though not satisfactory. Only four @entity1 survived disease-free for 13+, 14+, 20+, and 22+ months after diagnosis of relapse.

title: Aggressive combination chemotherapy of bone @entity236 in childhood XXXX containing aclacinomycin-A: a multicentric trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aplasia', 'marrow relapse']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: An intensive 7-day combination chemotherapy protocol was designed to reinduce @entity1 with early bone @entity236 of @entity981 (less than 6 months after the end of or during preceding treatment). This aggressive approach seemed to be justified for a group of @entity1 who were at the highest risk for ultimate treatment failure. In all, 38 @entity1 were enrolled for study. The ratio of male (median age, 10 years) to female (median age, 13 years) subjects was 27:11. Thirty @entity1 were treated for their first relapse and eight for their second or subsequent relapse. Isolated bone marrow involvement was present in 24 cases. All @entity1 had received heavy pretreatment including @entity8253 with cumulative doses of between 120 and 240 mg/m2. 22 of these @entity1 , achieved complete remission, ten did not respond to therapy, and six died from the @entity137 of the protocol. @entity712 was the cause of @entity204 in one @entity1 (after additional radiotherapy for a mediastinal mass). No further clinical manifestation of @entity296 could be observed. The other five @entity1 died from @entity548 or @entity166 complications. The main side effects were @entity221 , @entity344 , @entity3136 , and severe @entity236 lasting for about 2 weeks with nadirs of platelets and white blood count around days 10-14. The remission rate of 60% was acceptable, though not satisfactory. Only four @entity1 survived disease-free for 13+, 14+, 20+, and 22+ months after diagnosis of relapse.

title: Aggressive combination chemotherapy of bone XXXX in childhood @entity981 containing aclacinomycin-A: a multicentric trial.

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow relapse']


abstract: Two pathogenic mechanisms of @entity796 @entity281 are discussed, one involving bacterial exoenzymes, the other involving polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-derived lysosomal enzymes. The objective of the present study was (1) to show the relative importance of the two mechanisms and (2) to evaluate the effect of active immunization against @entity796 exoenzymes on @entity16 . @entity95 were immunized against @entity796 alkaline protease (AP) or elastase ( @entity57144 ) and challenged with the respective enzymes. @entity16 was studied by light photography (LP). In another group, @entity95 were immunized against AP, @entity57144 and exotoxin A (ExoA) and challenged with @entity796 strains PA01 or PA103. @entity16 was studied with LP, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Immunized animals were totally protected against intracorneal inoculation of @entity796 proteases. Twelve hr and 24 hr after challenge with whole bacteria, immunized @entity95 revealed less @entity16 than non-immunized animals. However, after 48 hr @entity16 (ie severe @entity3283 ) was comparable in both groups. The study suggests that @entity16 involving lysosomal enzymes from stimulated PMN is more important after @entity2348 than direct damage by @entity796 exoenzymes.

title: Relevance of host-derived and bacterial factors in XXXX @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal damage', 'ocular damage', 'Corneal damage']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infections']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulceration']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: Two pathogenic mechanisms of @entity796 @entity281 are discussed, one involving bacterial exoenzymes, the other involving polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-derived lysosomal enzymes. The objective of the present study was (1) to show the relative importance of the two mechanisms and (2) to evaluate the effect of active immunization against @entity796 exoenzymes on @entity16 . @entity95 were immunized against @entity796 alkaline protease (AP) or elastase ( @entity57144 ) and challenged with the respective enzymes. @entity16 was studied by light photography (LP). In another group, @entity95 were immunized against AP, @entity57144 and exotoxin A (ExoA) and challenged with @entity796 strains PA01 or PA103. @entity16 was studied with LP, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Immunized animals were totally protected against intracorneal inoculation of @entity796 proteases. Twelve hr and 24 hr after challenge with whole bacteria, immunized @entity95 revealed less @entity16 than non-immunized animals. However, after 48 hr @entity16 (ie severe @entity3283 ) was comparable in both groups. The study suggests that @entity16 involving lysosomal enzymes from stimulated PMN is more important after @entity2348 than direct damage by @entity796 exoenzymes.

title: Relevance of host-derived and bacterial factors in @entity796 XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['corneal infections']


abstract: The clinical profile of pelvic @entity5850 , which is being recognized with increased frequency in IUD users, can be misleading in such @entity1 and lead to dangerous delays in diagnosis. The authors present a case in which an IUD user initially sought medical attention for multiple liver abscesses secondary to spread from unsuspected @entity43 . The 43-year-old @entity1 , who was admitted with right upper @entity158 and @entity221 , had a 15-year history of IUD use, although the device had been removed 1 year prior to admission for apparent infection in the left ovary. Ultrasound revealed mixed @entity409 as well as a complex subcapsular fluid collection. A solid left adnexal mass was demonstrated in the pelvis. Computed tomography scan indicated extension of 1 of the @entity409 through the liver capsule and into the abdominal wall. Needle aspirations of the @entity409 yielded thick pus that was later identified as Actinomyces israelii. @entity5850 was evident in the @entity2670 . Colonization of the vagina and uterus by @entity5850 has been reported by 1.6-5.3% of IUD users, and the risk appears to increase when the same IUD is used for a prolonged time period. In this case, neither the computed tomography scan nor ultrasound suggested an inflammatory process of the left ovary. Aspiration of a @entity409 under ultrasound guidance was necessary for the correct diagnosis. Since @entity5850 has the potential to spread to extrapelvic organs such as the peritoneum, liver, and brain, early diagnosis is essential.

title: XXXX involving the liver. Computed tomography/ultrasound correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['complex cystic liver lesions', 'liver lesions', 'liver lesion', 'cystic and solid liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian lesion']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['Actinomycosis']


abstract: Maternal uterine blood flow was @entity308 during total umbilical cord occlusion, probably based on an increased fetal cotyledonary tissue pressure (Hasaart and de Haan (1985) Eur. J. Obstet. Gynec. Reprod. Biol., 19, 125-131). This supposed mechanism was further analysed by performing selective occlusions of the umbilical arteries and/or veins (mean occlusion time 35 s). An occluding device which allowed separate occlusion of umbilical veins and arteries was applied to the umbilical cord in 7 chronically prepared fetal @entity742 between 106 and 135 days gestation. Median uterine artery blood flow (UBF) was measured with an electromagnetic flow meter. During occlusion of both umbilical veins (VV, n = 22) in 6 animals a maximal decrease in UBF to 87.5% of control value (P less than 0.001) was found at the end occlusion, followed by a gradual return to control value in the post occlusion period. Occlusion of both umbilical arteries ( @entity393 , n = 29) in 5 animals was accompanied by a slight increase in UBF to 103% of control value (P less than 0.01). Total occlusion of the umbilical arteries and veins simultaneously (n = 17) in 4 animals did not result in any change in UBF. The changes in volume and turgor in the fetal cotyledonary tissue associated with the arterial and @entity432 should lead to respectively @entity393 ( @entity393 ) and increase (VV) in resistance to maternal flow, causing the changes in uterine blood flow. It is concluded that volume changes in the fetal compartment of the @entity742 placenta affect maternal uterine blood flow.

title: Effect of selective occlusion of the umbilical arteries and/or veins on uterine blood flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusions']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'a decrease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The two major types of noninvasive @entity0 , @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ), are quite different in their histopathologic appearance and clinical implications. @entity1137 is only a marker of an increased risk of later development of @entity189 , whereas most @entity3821 lesions are at least nonobligate precursors of @entity189 . @entity3821 is a heterogeneous group of lesions composed of several distinct subtypes, with only the comedo subtype having immediate malignant potential. The authors' purpose was to analyze noninvasive @entity189 for the presence of a gene product ( @entity18962 ) indicative of a favorable prognosis in @entity189 to determine differences (1) among the different types of CIS and (2) in CIS with and without an accompanying invasive component. METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect @entity18962 gene product in archival material from two groups of @entity1 : Group 1 consisted of 54 cases of purely noninvasive @entity189 , and Group 2 consisted of 55 examples of noninvasive @entity189 associated with an invasive component. RESULTS: Among the cases of CIS with no invasion, @entity1137 and comedo @entity3821 expressed more @entity18962 than noncomedo @entity3821 (P < or = 0.03). There were no differences among these CIS subtypes in the group with invasion. Comparing subtypes of CIS in the groups with or without invasion, only comedo @entity3821 was significantly different, with greater expression in the CIS group with no invasion compared with comedo @entity3821 associated with an invasive component (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the special nature of @entity1137 and the heterogeneous nature of @entity3821 . The in situ component attending an invasive component may be different from anatomically similar lesion without associated invasion. The absence of @entity18962 in comedo @entity3821 may be indicative of invasive capacity.

title: Heterogeneous expression of @entity18962 gene product in noninvasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma in situ', 'LCIS']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The two major types of noninvasive @entity0 , @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ), are quite different in their histopathologic appearance and clinical implications. @entity1137 is only a marker of an increased risk of later development of @entity189 , whereas most @entity3821 lesions are at least nonobligate precursors of @entity189 . @entity3821 is a heterogeneous group of lesions composed of several distinct subtypes, with only the comedo subtype having immediate malignant potential. The authors' purpose was to analyze noninvasive @entity189 for the presence of a gene product ( @entity18962 ) indicative of a favorable prognosis in @entity189 to determine differences (1) among the different types of CIS and (2) in CIS with and without an accompanying invasive component. METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect @entity18962 gene product in archival material from two groups of @entity1 : Group 1 consisted of 54 cases of purely noninvasive @entity189 , and Group 2 consisted of 55 examples of noninvasive @entity189 associated with an invasive component. RESULTS: Among the cases of CIS with no invasion, @entity1137 and comedo @entity3821 expressed more @entity18962 than noncomedo @entity3821 (P < or = 0.03). There were no differences among these CIS subtypes in the group with invasion. Comparing subtypes of CIS in the groups with or without invasion, only comedo @entity3821 was significantly different, with greater expression in the CIS group with no invasion compared with comedo @entity3821 associated with an invasive component (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the special nature of @entity1137 and the heterogeneous nature of @entity3821 . The in situ component attending an invasive component may be different from anatomically similar lesion without associated invasion. The absence of @entity18962 in comedo @entity3821 may be indicative of invasive capacity.

title: Heterogeneous expression of XXXX gene product in noninvasive @entity0 .

answer: @entity18962 :: (4830,Gene) :: ['nm23']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 had suffered from @entity10 since April 2009. Computed tomography revealed a @entity5 with marked calcification in the left frontal lobe adjacent to the left anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. T1-weighted @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-enhanced @entity5 at the lesion. Dynamic @entity1853 positron emission tomography showed no delayed @entity1853 attenuation. Initial preoperative diagnosis was @entity7824 ( @entity7824 ). However, @entity3271 was determined upon a second diagnosis. The @entity1 underwent @entity5 removal. @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining showed the characteristic fried egg-like cells, round nuclei, and immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, @entity5473 , neuronal nuclear antigen, microtubule-associated protein 2 and @entity14382 . The @entity1758 labeling index was 20%, which suggested @entity5 . Although these findings demonstrated that the @entity5 had glioneuronal character, it was difficult to differentiate between @entity7824 and @entity3271 . There have been reports that @entity14382 immunohistochemistry is generally positive in cases of @entity3271 , but not in cases of @entity7824 . We completed the diagnosis as @entity3271 . Subsequent electron microscopy results presented oligodendroglial but not neuronal characteristics. We concluded that @entity14382 is useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity3271 and EVNs.

title: @entity14382 is useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity3271 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['extraventricular neurocytoma', 'neurocytoma', 'EVN']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['extraventricular neurocytomas']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 had suffered from @entity10 since April 2009. Computed tomography revealed a @entity5 with marked calcification in the left frontal lobe adjacent to the left anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. T1-weighted @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-enhanced @entity5 at the lesion. Dynamic @entity1853 positron emission tomography showed no delayed @entity1853 attenuation. Initial preoperative diagnosis was @entity7824 ( @entity7824 ). However, @entity3271 was determined upon a second diagnosis. The @entity1 underwent @entity5 removal. @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining showed the characteristic fried egg-like cells, round nuclei, and immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, @entity5473 , neuronal nuclear antigen, microtubule-associated protein 2 and @entity14382 . The @entity1758 labeling index was 20%, which suggested @entity5 . Although these findings demonstrated that the @entity5 had glioneuronal character, it was difficult to differentiate between @entity7824 and @entity3271 . There have been reports that @entity14382 immunohistochemistry is generally positive in cases of @entity3271 , but not in cases of @entity7824 . We completed the diagnosis as @entity3271 . Subsequent electron microscopy results presented oligodendroglial but not neuronal characteristics. We concluded that @entity14382 is useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity3271 and EVNs.

title: @entity14382 is useful in the differential diagnosis of XXXX and @entity7824 .

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendrogliomas']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 had suffered from @entity10 since April 2009. Computed tomography revealed a @entity5 with marked calcification in the left frontal lobe adjacent to the left anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. T1-weighted @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-enhanced @entity5 at the lesion. Dynamic @entity1853 positron emission tomography showed no delayed @entity1853 attenuation. Initial preoperative diagnosis was @entity7824 ( @entity7824 ). However, @entity3271 was determined upon a second diagnosis. The @entity1 underwent @entity5 removal. @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining showed the characteristic fried egg-like cells, round nuclei, and immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, @entity5473 , neuronal nuclear antigen, microtubule-associated protein 2 and @entity14382 . The @entity1758 labeling index was 20%, which suggested @entity5 . Although these findings demonstrated that the @entity5 had glioneuronal character, it was difficult to differentiate between @entity7824 and @entity3271 . There have been reports that @entity14382 immunohistochemistry is generally positive in cases of @entity3271 , but not in cases of @entity7824 . We completed the diagnosis as @entity3271 . Subsequent electron microscopy results presented oligodendroglial but not neuronal characteristics. We concluded that @entity14382 is useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity3271 and EVNs.

title: XXXX is useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity3271 and @entity7824 .

answer: @entity14382 :: (10215,Gene) :: ['Olig2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity1462 is a challenge for physicians and @entity1 . Although different therapeutic options have been described to date, their individual relevance has still to be defined.    METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 61 @entity1 with a @entity1211 ( @entity1211 , mean age 22 years), who were referred to our depart-ment during the last 5years. The size of the @entity1211 was larger than 5 cm in 41 @entity1 (66%). The lower extremities were involved in 45 cases (73%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were recurrent swelling (80%), @entity158 (63%), varicosis (60%) and @entity2268 (39%). MR angiography with venous sequences was always performed before treatment. Depending on the localisation and the extension of the @entity1211 , different techniques of embolisation were selected: foam sclerotherapy or application of synthetic glue by direct punction, coiling of pelvic veins or arterial embolisation with glue. RESULTS: 42 @entity1 (69%) underwent a procedure because of the complaints or the extension of the @entity1211 . An embolisation was performed in 25 @entity1 with 65 interventional sessions. The most frequent technique was foam sclerotherapy (45 ), followed by glue injection (13 ), pelvic -venous coiling (6 ) and arterial embolisation with glue (1 ). Fifteen @entity1 (60%) reported a very good and 8 @entity1 a marked improvement (32%). In two cases there was no change of the complaints. The postinterventional complications were severe @entity158 (n=3) and skin/fat @entity39 at the toe of one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The embolisation of @entity1211 is an effective therapeutic tool. Different techniques can be used to address specific localisations and morphological patterns. The com-plication rate is very low when a step-by-step -approach is used, so that a repeat intervention is feasible. However, a more specific documentation of the post-interventional changes of the @entity1211 is needed before a general recommendation can be given.

title: [The embolisation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VM', 'venous malformation', 'venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['congenital, vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous malformations']


abstract: The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a specialization of the submembranous cytoskeleton that is visible in the electron microscope on the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane. A subcellular fraction enriched in structures with the morphology of PSDs contains signal-transduction molecules thought to regulate receptor localization and function in the central nervous system. We have purified a prominent @entity669 -phosphorylated glycoprotein of apparent molecular mass 180 kDa, termed PSD-gp180, that is highly enriched in the @entity35 forebrain PSD fraction. The sequences of four tryptic peptides generated from the protein reveal that it is the 2B subunit of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) type @entity2227 receptor. We have confirmed the identity of PSD-gp180 by showing that it reacts with antibodies raised against a unique fragment of the 2B subunit of the @entity143 receptor. We also show that the 2B subunit is the most prominently @entity669 -phosphorylated protein in the PSD fraction based upon recognition by an anti- @entity10393 antibody. Two types of @entity143 receptor subunits have been identified by molecular cloning [Nakanishi, S. (1992) Science 258, 597-603]. The single type 1 subunit is expressed throughout the brain and is necessary for formation of the receptor channel. The four type 2 subunits (2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D) are expressed in discrete brain regions, contain unusually long unique C termini, and confer distinct kinetic properties on @entity143 receptors that contain them. Our findings suggest that, in the forebrain, @entity143 receptor subunit 2B may serve to anchor @entity143 receptors at the postsynaptic membrane through its interaction with the PSD. The prominent presence of @entity50926 further suggests that the @entity143 receptor may be regulated by @entity669 phosphorylation or that it may participate in signaling through @entity669 phosphorylation and through its ion channel.

title: The major XXXX -phosphorylated protein in the postsynaptic density fraction is @entity1024 receptor subunit 2B.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity50926 :: ('CHEBI:37788', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a specialization of the submembranous cytoskeleton that is visible in the electron microscope on the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane. A subcellular fraction enriched in structures with the morphology of PSDs contains signal-transduction molecules thought to regulate receptor localization and function in the central nervous system. We have purified a prominent @entity669 -phosphorylated glycoprotein of apparent molecular mass 180 kDa, termed PSD-gp180, that is highly enriched in the @entity35 forebrain PSD fraction. The sequences of four tryptic peptides generated from the protein reveal that it is the 2B subunit of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) type @entity2227 receptor. We have confirmed the identity of PSD-gp180 by showing that it reacts with antibodies raised against a unique fragment of the 2B subunit of the @entity143 receptor. We also show that the 2B subunit is the most prominently @entity669 -phosphorylated protein in the PSD fraction based upon recognition by an anti- @entity10393 antibody. Two types of @entity143 receptor subunits have been identified by molecular cloning [Nakanishi, S. (1992) Science 258, 597-603]. The single type 1 subunit is expressed throughout the brain and is necessary for formation of the receptor channel. The four type 2 subunits (2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D) are expressed in discrete brain regions, contain unusually long unique C termini, and confer distinct kinetic properties on @entity143 receptors that contain them. Our findings suggest that, in the forebrain, @entity143 receptor subunit 2B may serve to anchor @entity143 receptors at the postsynaptic membrane through its interaction with the PSD. The prominent presence of @entity50926 further suggests that the @entity143 receptor may be regulated by @entity669 phosphorylation or that it may participate in signaling through @entity669 phosphorylation and through its ion channel.

title: The major @entity669 -phosphorylated protein in the postsynaptic density fraction is XXXX receptor subunit 2B.

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to experimental animals leads to diminished mesenteric perfusion, increased ileal mucosal [H+] , and increased gut epithelial permeability to hydrophilic solutes. We sought to determine whether these phenomena are causally related. Experiments were performed in anesthetized @entity1707 . Permeability was assessed by measuring the plasma-to-lumen clearance of @entity2822 dextran (4,000 Da; FD-4) by a segment of ileum perfused with Ringer lactate solution. Mucosal perfusion (Qmuc) and [H4+] were estimated using laser-Doppler flowmetry and tonometry, respectively. In an initial series of experiments, we showed that mucosal permeability was linearly correlated with mucosal [H+] in animals subjected to graded degrees of mechanically induced @entity5327 (n = 14, R2 = 0.58, P < 0.002) or injected with graded doses of LPS (n = 11, R2 = 0.93, P < 0.0001). In a second series of experiments, we induced @entity33 in normal @entity1707 by mechanical ventilation with either a @entity519 (n = 7) or a hypercapnic (n = 5) gas mixture. In both groups, ileal mucosal permeability to FD-4 increased significantly (P < 0.05), although transmesenteric release of @entity880 increased significantly only in the @entity519 group. Qmuc was unchanged in both groups. These data suggest that @entity33 , even in the absence of tissue @entity63 or @entity519 , increases intestinal permeability to a macromolecular hydrophilic solute. Tissue @entity520 may be an important factor contributing to LPS-induced gut @entity33 .

title: Endotoxin-induced ileal XXXX in @entity1707 : role of tissue @entity520 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hyperpermeability', 'mucosal acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal hyperpermeability']


abstract: Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to experimental animals leads to diminished mesenteric perfusion, increased ileal mucosal [H+] , and increased gut epithelial permeability to hydrophilic solutes. We sought to determine whether these phenomena are causally related. Experiments were performed in anesthetized @entity1707 . Permeability was assessed by measuring the plasma-to-lumen clearance of @entity2822 dextran (4,000 Da; FD-4) by a segment of ileum perfused with Ringer lactate solution. Mucosal perfusion (Qmuc) and [H4+] were estimated using laser-Doppler flowmetry and tonometry, respectively. In an initial series of experiments, we showed that mucosal permeability was linearly correlated with mucosal [H+] in animals subjected to graded degrees of mechanically induced @entity5327 (n = 14, R2 = 0.58, P < 0.002) or injected with graded doses of LPS (n = 11, R2 = 0.93, P < 0.0001). In a second series of experiments, we induced @entity33 in normal @entity1707 by mechanical ventilation with either a @entity519 (n = 7) or a hypercapnic (n = 5) gas mixture. In both groups, ileal mucosal permeability to FD-4 increased significantly (P < 0.05), although transmesenteric release of @entity880 increased significantly only in the @entity519 group. Qmuc was unchanged in both groups. These data suggest that @entity33 , even in the absence of tissue @entity63 or @entity519 , increases intestinal permeability to a macromolecular hydrophilic solute. Tissue @entity520 may be an important factor contributing to LPS-induced gut @entity33 .

title: Endotoxin-induced ileal @entity33 in XXXX : role of tissue @entity520 .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to experimental animals leads to diminished mesenteric perfusion, increased ileal mucosal [H+] , and increased gut epithelial permeability to hydrophilic solutes. We sought to determine whether these phenomena are causally related. Experiments were performed in anesthetized @entity1707 . Permeability was assessed by measuring the plasma-to-lumen clearance of @entity2822 dextran (4,000 Da; FD-4) by a segment of ileum perfused with Ringer lactate solution. Mucosal perfusion (Qmuc) and [H4+] were estimated using laser-Doppler flowmetry and tonometry, respectively. In an initial series of experiments, we showed that mucosal permeability was linearly correlated with mucosal [H+] in animals subjected to graded degrees of mechanically induced @entity5327 (n = 14, R2 = 0.58, P < 0.002) or injected with graded doses of LPS (n = 11, R2 = 0.93, P < 0.0001). In a second series of experiments, we induced @entity33 in normal @entity1707 by mechanical ventilation with either a @entity519 (n = 7) or a hypercapnic (n = 5) gas mixture. In both groups, ileal mucosal permeability to FD-4 increased significantly (P < 0.05), although transmesenteric release of @entity880 increased significantly only in the @entity519 group. Qmuc was unchanged in both groups. These data suggest that @entity33 , even in the absence of tissue @entity63 or @entity519 , increases intestinal permeability to a macromolecular hydrophilic solute. Tissue @entity520 may be an important factor contributing to LPS-induced gut @entity33 .

title: Endotoxin-induced ileal @entity33 in @entity1707 : role of tissue XXXX .

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1352 were studied with a battery of antibodies directed against keratin and @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ). The keratin antibody MNF 116 showed reactivity in 24 @entity5 . In addition, 22 @entity5 showed reactivity with the antibody Keratin Wide Spectrum, 20 with the antibody Keratin 56, 64, and 19 with CAM 5.2. Seventeen @entity5 showed reactivity with @entity2543 . The keratin and @entity2543 reactivity was present in cells lining obvious cleft-like structures in @entity5 . In the spindle cell areas of both biphasic and monophasic @entity5 , we found clusters of a few reacting cells apparently located around small clefts. In the @entity5 , clusters of @entity5 cells reactive for both the keratins and @entity2543 were present. In conclusion, we found that proper identification of epithelial differentiation in @entity1352 is facilitated by an immunohistochemical application of anti-epithelial antibodies. In most @entity5 , there was immunoreactivity for the same type of keratins as are normally identified in simple epithelia (the antibody CAM 5.2), but also for those found in stratified squamous epithelia (the antibody Keratin 56, 64). The results indicate that screening for epithelial features on paraffin sections in the various types of @entity1352 , even the poorly differentiated @entity5 , is improved if epithelial antibodies with a broad spectrum of reactivity are chosen.

title: XXXX . An immunohistochemical study of the epithelial component.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous tumors', 'plump tumor', 'biphasic tumors', 'synovioblastic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['EMA', 'epithelial membrane antigen']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['Synovial sarcoma']


abstract: Chemotherapy for cervical @entity5 @entity1 with recurrent and/or advanced disease has been complicated by excessive @entity137 and short duration of responses, leading to little or no improvement in survival. Modification of drug scheduling and delivery of @entity902 , @entity1732 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 has resulted in a new combination regimen with @entity137 and a survival advantage for responders. PBM ( @entity902 80 mg/m2 D1, @entity1732 10 mu/m2/day D3-6, @entity1499 150 mg/m2 D15, 22 with @entity4181 ) is alternated with @entity28760 ( @entity902 100 mg/m2 D1, @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day D2-5) q 4 weeks for 3-6 months. The @entity902 , @entity1732 , and @entity1487 were delivered by continuous infusion. Twenty-three @entity1 with recurrent and 17 with @entity5 are evaluable; 91% of @entity1 with recurrent disease had received prior radiation therapy. The response rate was 30.4% in those with recurrent disease, and 41.2% in those with advanced disease, with 86 and 42.9% of responders respectively achieving a CR. Survival data were analyzed for each group separately, as well as for the combined recurrent/advanced disease group (N = 40). The results and significance were not changed by the groupings. In the combined recurrent/advanced group, median duration of response was 10.5 months, mean 20.1, and the median overall survival was 11 months, mean 20.5 +/- 3.5. There was a survival advantage accrued to the responders (median, 28 months) vs the nonresponders (10 months) (P = 0.0005 by log rank test). Moreover, there was a significant difference in progression-free interval between responders vs nonresponders (P = 0.0001), as well as between responders and those with stable disease (P = 0.001). This regimen was very well tolerated and there was no significant @entity358 . Furthermore, in the subset of 23 @entity1 who had recurrent disease, 67% achieved palliation of @entity158 . Experience with this protocol supports the continuing use of chemotherapy in the management of cervical @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Chemotherapy of recurrent/ XXXX : results of the Yale University PBM-PFU protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'little toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cervical cancer']


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated that low concentrations of @entity934 (< or = 10(-9) M) increased automaticity in neonatal but not in adult @entity35 ventricular myocardium. In the present study, we used cultured neonatal @entity35 ventricular myocytes grown alone or in the presence of dissociated sympathetic neurons as an experimental model to study the ontogeny of the muscarinic response. McN A343 (< or = 10(-9) M), an M1 selective agonist, increased spontaneous rate from 51 +/- 4 to 56 +/- 5 beats per minute (bpm), and this excitatory response was blocked by 10(-9) M @entity4140 , an M1 selective antagonist, but not by the M2 selective antagonist @entity19495 , nor by the alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist @entity3159 and the beta adrenergic antagonist @entity1169 (all 10(-7) M) In innervated myocytes, McN A343 also increased rate from 48 +/- 6 to 55 +/- 6 bpm. However, this effect was blocked by either 10(-9) M @entity4140 or 10(-7) M @entity1169 . After pretreatment with 10 ng/ml of pertussis toxin, the McN A343-induced excitatory response in non-innervated myocytes was absent, thus suggesting that this response involved a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein dependent pathway. McN A343 failed to stimulate @entity19260 or @entity268 accumulation in non-innervated myocytes. These results demonstrate the following. (1) The muscarinic excitatory response is mediated via direct stimulation of a post-synaptic M1 receptor in non-innervated myocytes. (2) The excitatory response after innervation is related to the release of @entity2661 , possibly through activation of muscarinic receptors located at the pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve terminals. (3) Sympathetic innervation prevents the functional expression of the post-synaptic myocardial M1 receptor. (4) The intracellular pathway for the post-synaptic M1 excitatory response involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, but does not depend on obvious changes in @entity268 or @entity7425 hydrolysis.

title: An excitatory muscarinic response in neonatal XXXX ventricular myocytes and its modulation by sympathetic innervation.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 affected by @entity6788 were observed in the Pediatric Section of the Institute of Neurosurgery of the Catholic University of Rome in the last six years. Nine of them were operated because of an intractable @entity302 . Seven were males and 2 females; the age at operation ranged between 7 months and 11 years (mean: three years and five months); the follow-up period varied between 1 and 6 years (mean 3 years and 10 months). All the @entity1 had a clinical history of daily @entity302 not responsive to medical treatment; all of them presented with severely delayed @entity1155 development. At neurological examination, six @entity1 showed a @entity51 of variable severity contralateral to the affected hemisphere and two @entity1 a severe @entity10492 . The remaining @entity1 did not present with @entity51 . In all the cases the diagnosis had been obtained by CT scan and MRI. One of the cerebral hemispheres was abnormally enlarged with associated dilation of the lateral cerebral ventricle. The cortical architecture was obviously deranged with several areas of @entity3664 of the gray substance suggesting an alteration of the neuronal cell migration. All the @entity1 underwent an extrathalamocaudato hemispherectomy. A post-operative ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was required in two cases. There were neither operative, nor late deaths. A dramatic reduction in the frequency and severity of @entity302 was observed in all but one of the @entity1 of the series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Surgical treatment of epileptogenic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3664 :: ('MESH:C548481', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['hemimegalencephaly']

entities_list: @entity10492 :: ('MESH:C565722', 'Disease') :: ['tetraparesis']

answer: @entity6788 :: (MESH:D065705,Disease) :: ['hemimegalencephaly']


abstract: Frontal sections of the temporal lobe including the transentorhinal/entorhinal region, amygdala, and/or hippocampus from @entity1 adult brains are studied for cytoskeleton changes using immunostaining with the antibodies AT8 and Alz-50 and selective @entity575 impregnation methods for neurofibrillary changes of the Alzheimer type. For the purpose of correlation, the two methods are carried out one after the other on the same section. Layer pre-alpha in the transentorhinal/entorhinal region harbours nerve cells which are among the first nerve cells in the entire brain to show the development of neurofibrillary changes. This presents the opportunity for study of both early events in the destruction of the cytoskeleton in individual neurons, and to relate changes which occur in the neuronal processes in the absence of alterations in their immediate surroundings to those happening in the soma. Immunoreactions with the AT8 antibody in particular reveal a clear sequence of changes in the neuronal cytoskeleton. Group 1 neurons present initial cytoskeleton changes in that the soma, dendrites, and axon are completely marked by granular AT8 immunoreactive material. These neurons appear quite normal and turn out to be devoid of argyrophilic material when observed in @entity575 -stained sections. Group 2 neurons show changes in the cellular processes. The terminal tuft of the apical dendrite is replaced by tortuous varicose fibres and coarse granules. The distal portions of the dendrites are curved and show appendages and thickened portions. Intensely homogeneously immunostained rod-like inclusions are encountered in these thickened portions and in the soma. A number of these rod-like inclusions are visible after @entity575 staining, as well. Group 3 neurons display even more pronounced alterations of their distal--most dendritic portions. The intermediate dendritic parts lose immunoreactivity, but the soma is homogeneously immunostained. @entity575 staining reveals in most of the distal dendritic parts neuropil threads, and in the soma a classic @entity3072 . Group 4 structures are marked by accumulations of coarse AT8-immunoreactive granules. @entity575 staining provides evidence that the fibrillary material has become an extraneuronal, "early" ghost tangle. Finally, group 5 structures present "late" ghost tangles in @entity575 -stained sections but fail to demonstrate AT8 immunoreactivity. It is suggested that the altered tau protein shown by the antibody AT8 represents an early cytoskeleton change which eventually leads to the formation of argyrophilic @entity3072 and neuropil threads.

title: A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of XXXX and neuropil threads.

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles', 'neurofibrillary tangle']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

answer: @entity3072 :: (MESH:C536599,Disease) :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapid eye movement (REM) @entity146 (RBD) has been described predominantly in elderly @entity1 and in association with @entity179 . But an increasing proportion of cases in recent reports and in clinical practice do not fit this description; thus we sought to describe a current RBD population and possibly identify new subgroups with RBD. METHODS: Records of 115 consecutive @entity1 with polysomnogram-confirmed RBD at an @entity25 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 2:1, and 1.25:1 for early-onset (age <50) cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 53.7  16.4years. Most (60%) cases were @entity179 was coincident primarily in older @entity1 . @entity792 was unexpectedly common in @entity1 (20%) particularly in the 30-49 age groups (40%). Antidepressant use was frequent (46.1%), especially in early-onset cases (57.8%). CONCLUSIONS: RBD is diagnosed more equally between @entity1 and @entity1 and in younger individuals than previously reported. While @entity179 is frequently co-incident with RBD in older @entity1 , most @entity1 and early-onset cases have "idiopathic" RBD. High prevalence of @entity792 among @entity1 with RBD suggests an intriguing link between @entity1200 and RBD. A high rate of antidepressant use provides support for a potentially causal role for antidepressants in RBD.

title: Changing demographics in REM sleep behavior disorder: possible effect of XXXX and antidepressants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease', 'idiopathic, and neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['academic sleep center']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A study of immediate and long-term results with the self-expandable metallic stent (Wallstent), in the treatment of @entity253 in 25 @entity1 with non resectable @entity189 of the head of the pancreas was carried out. Stent placement was successful in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Complication rate was 4% (n = 1); one @entity1 had @entity548 after percutaneous catheter placement. There was no procedure related mortality (30-day mortality); hospital stay was 6, 7 days (2-12). Average survival was 6 months (+/- 2.97). Average patency of the initial stent lasted 5 months (+/- 2.01); comfort index was 83%. Five @entity1 required re-admission. Late complications were @entity255 in 2 and stent occlusion in 4. Disimpaction in one @entity1 and placement of additional stent (PAL-MAZ) in the remaining 3 @entity1 were performed. One @entity1 required surgical treatment; hepaticojejunostomy was performed. Elapse time between prostheses placement and stent occlusion was 3.4 months (2-4.5). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that metallic stent placement has low morbidity without mortality and provide good quality of live. The most frequent late complication was prostheses obstruction.

title: [Self-expanding metallic endoprostheses in the palliative treatment of XXXX in nonresectable @entity189 of the head of the pancreas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['venous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstructions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A study of immediate and long-term results with the self-expandable metallic stent (Wallstent), in the treatment of @entity253 in 25 @entity1 with non resectable @entity189 of the head of the pancreas was carried out. Stent placement was successful in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Complication rate was 4% (n = 1); one @entity1 had @entity548 after percutaneous catheter placement. There was no procedure related mortality (30-day mortality); hospital stay was 6, 7 days (2-12). Average survival was 6 months (+/- 2.97). Average patency of the initial stent lasted 5 months (+/- 2.01); comfort index was 83%. Five @entity1 required re-admission. Late complications were @entity255 in 2 and stent occlusion in 4. Disimpaction in one @entity1 and placement of additional stent (PAL-MAZ) in the remaining 3 @entity1 were performed. One @entity1 required surgical treatment; hepaticojejunostomy was performed. Elapse time between prostheses placement and stent occlusion was 3.4 months (2-4.5). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that metallic stent placement has low morbidity without mortality and provide good quality of live. The most frequent late complication was prostheses obstruction.

title: [Self-expanding metallic endoprostheses in the palliative treatment of @entity253 in nonresectable XXXX of the head of the pancreas].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A crucial issue in youths with @entity952 , including @entity952 and @entity9054 , is the refractoriness to treatments. A multimodal approach with individual therapy to improve social skills and self-control and family and school interventions is the best psychosocial treatment. Predictors of poor response to psychosocial treatment remain understudied. We aimed at exploring whether callous (lack of empathy and guilt) and unemotional (shallow emotions) (CU) trait and type of @entity146 (predatory vs. affective) can affect response to psychosocial treatment in referred youths with @entity952 . METHODS: The sample consisted of 38 youths (28 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 , age range: 6-14 years, mean age: 13.1        2.6 years) diagnosed as having @entity952 or @entity9054 according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria and a clinical interview (Kiddie Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 for School-Age @entity1 -Present and Lifetime Version), who completed a 6-month therapeutic program at our hospital. @entity1 were assessed according to severity and improvement (Clinical Global Impressions-Severity score [CGI-S] and CGI-Improvement score), functional impairment ( @entity1 's Global Assessment Scale [C-GAS]), type of @entity146 , predatory versus affective (Aggression Questionnaire), and CU dimension (Antisocial Process Screening Device and the Inventory of CU Traits). RESULTS: Among the 38 @entity1 , 21 (55.3%) were responders and 17 (44.7%) were nonresponders, according to CGI-Improvement score and CGI-S. Nonresponders were more impaired at the baseline according to CGI-S and C-GAS. Nonresponders presented higher scores of predatory @entity146 , whereas affective @entity146 did not differ between groups. Nonresponders presented higher scores in CU trait of Antisocial Process Screening Device and in Inventory of CU total score (callous trait), but these differences did not survive Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS: Severity at the baseline and predatory @entity146 are negative predictors of psychosocial treatment, but the role of the callous trait needs more exploration in larger samples. Further research may increase our diagnostic and prognostic capacities, thus improving our treatment strategies.

title: Predictors of nonresponse to psychosocial treatment in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disruptive behavior disorders', 'oppositional defiant disorder']

answer: @entity952 :: (MESH:D019958,Disease) :: ['disruptive behavior disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A crucial issue in youths with @entity952 , including @entity952 and @entity9054 , is the refractoriness to treatments. A multimodal approach with individual therapy to improve social skills and self-control and family and school interventions is the best psychosocial treatment. Predictors of poor response to psychosocial treatment remain understudied. We aimed at exploring whether callous (lack of empathy and guilt) and unemotional (shallow emotions) (CU) trait and type of @entity146 (predatory vs. affective) can affect response to psychosocial treatment in referred youths with @entity952 . METHODS: The sample consisted of 38 youths (28 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 , age range: 6-14 years, mean age: 13.1        2.6 years) diagnosed as having @entity952 or @entity9054 according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria and a clinical interview (Kiddie Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 for School-Age @entity1 -Present and Lifetime Version), who completed a 6-month therapeutic program at our hospital. @entity1 were assessed according to severity and improvement (Clinical Global Impressions-Severity score [CGI-S] and CGI-Improvement score), functional impairment ( @entity1 's Global Assessment Scale [C-GAS]), type of @entity146 , predatory versus affective (Aggression Questionnaire), and CU dimension (Antisocial Process Screening Device and the Inventory of CU Traits). RESULTS: Among the 38 @entity1 , 21 (55.3%) were responders and 17 (44.7%) were nonresponders, according to CGI-Improvement score and CGI-S. Nonresponders were more impaired at the baseline according to CGI-S and C-GAS. Nonresponders presented higher scores of predatory @entity146 , whereas affective @entity146 did not differ between groups. Nonresponders presented higher scores in CU trait of Antisocial Process Screening Device and in Inventory of CU total score (callous trait), but these differences did not survive Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS: Severity at the baseline and predatory @entity146 are negative predictors of psychosocial treatment, but the role of the callous trait needs more exploration in larger samples. Further research may increase our diagnostic and prognostic capacities, thus improving our treatment strategies.

title: Predictors of nonresponse to psychosocial treatment in XXXX and adolescents with @entity952 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']