abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the origin of host cells during remodeling of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) square stent-based bicuspid venous valves (VVs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Suspended VVs (SVVs) were developed by suspending VVs within bare square stents so the valve elements would not contact the vein wall after deployment. Eight SVVs were placed within the intrahepatic and infrahepatic inferior venae cavae (IVCs) of four adult female @entity742 . Eight standard VVs were implanted in the external jugular veins of these animals for comparison. At 5 weeks after placement, the devices were examined for stability and patency and the animals were killed. Gross, histologic, and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) examinations were performed. RESULTS: Follow-up spot radiographs and venography showed no migration of the devices, @entity432 , or @entity715 formation. All SVVs were intact without contact with the IVC wall. Six VVs were competent and two were slightly tilted with some reflux. Histologic study showed remodeling of SVVs and VVs with newly formed collagen fibers; fibroblasts and inflammatory cells were found penetrating the SIS leaflets and endothelial cells on the surface. SIS neovascularization was also present. There was no difference regarding SIS remodeling between SVVs and the free part of VV leaflets. The VV leaflets' bases were thicker compared to their free parts (P <.01). @entity4653 examination showed endothelial cells on both sides of the SVVs and VVs. Endothelialization of the @entity6355 central leaflet surfaces and both surfaces of the VV leaflets was more complete than that of the peripheral surfaces of the @entity6355 leaflets. CONCLUSION: SIS-based valve remodeling occurs independently of vessel wall contact by recruitment of cells directly from the circulation.

title: Remodeling of suspended small intestinal submucosa venous valve: an experimental study in XXXX to assess the host cells' origin.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['scanning electron microscopic', 'SEM']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Familial risks in liver and @entity5 have been assessed in small case control studies, usually based on reported, but not medically verified, @entity5 in family members. Thus the degree of familial clustering for these @entity5 remains to be established. METHODS: The nationwide Swedish Family- @entity5 Database was used, covering 10.2 million individuals for the years 1961-1998 from the Swedish @entity5 Registry. @entity96 were identified from 1121 offspring between the ages of 0 and 66 years and 17 131 parents. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for @entity5 in family members. RESULTS: All @entity5 in the liver and biliary system showed a familial SIR of 1.65 (95% CI 1.05-2.46). This was mainly explained by a high risk for @entity1086 (SIR 5.21 (95% CI 2.07-10.80)) and for familial primary @entity96 with @entity157 histology (SIR 4.69 (95% CI 1.48-11.04)). For @entity1086 , maternal transmission appeared to be favoured. @entity1086 was associated with @entity788 ( @entity4093 .39 (95% CI 1.23-4.18)). @entity96 was associated with cervical, urinary bladder, and @entity5 . @entity5 in extrahepatic bile ducts was associated with @entity43 and that in ampulla of Vater with @entity259 ; however, these associations may have been fortuitous. CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided the first data on familial clustering of liver and @entity1086 , based on medically confirmed records. The risks were so high that heritable factors were likely to contribute, possibly modified by environmental factors. The demonstration of candidate genes would help to further characterise the familial risks.

title: XXXX : a nationwide epidemiological study from Sweden.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver and biliary tract cancers', 'liver cancer', 'Primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine gland tumours', 'cancers', 'biliary cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder cancers', 'familial gall bladder cancer', 'gall bladder and hepatocellular cancer', 'Gall bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['Familial liver and gall bladder cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the immunophenotypic changes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in @entity420 , and correlate the findings with @entity5 morphology including growth pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven endocervical @entity420 were studied using a panel of immunohistochemical markers to @entity2277 , @entity4910 , @entity5962 , @entity3546 , @entity986 protein and @entity5822 . There were 24 moderately differentiated and three poorly differentiated @entity5 . Fourteen of the moderately differentiated @entity189 showed a focal infiltrative component, typically towards the deep @entity5 margin (invasive front), comprising attenuated glands, small cell clusters and single cells. These foci typically showed cytological alteration including loss of cellular polarity and cytoplasmic @entity1712 , while immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced cell membrane @entity5962 and beta catenin labelling, and expression of @entity4910 and, in some cases, @entity2277 . Similar immunophenotypic changes were focally observed at the deep aspect of some larger 'conventional' @entity5 glands. No consistent changes were observed in the poorly differentiated @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: Endocervical @entity420 that demonstrate an infiltrative growth pattern show immunophenotypic changes consistent with EMT. Frequently, these are accompanied by a morphological alteration in the @entity5 cells and the changes exhibit a specific micro-anatomical distribution. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition may represent an important mechanism in the progression of some endocervical @entity5 .

title: Correlation between invasive pattern and immunophenotypic alterations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'endocervical adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['endocervical adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study of concussed adolescents sought to determine if a computer-based neurocognitive assessment (Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test [ImPACT]) performed on @entity1 who present to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) immediately following @entity542 would correlate with assessments performed 3 to 10 days postinjury and if @entity341 neurocognitive testing would detect differences in concussion severity that clinical grading scales could not. METHODS: A prospective cohort sample of @entity1 11 to 17 years of age presenting to the @entity341 within 12 hours of a @entity542 were evaluated using two traditional concussion grading scales and neurocognitive testing. @entity341 neurocognitive scores were compared to follow-up scores obtained at least 3 days postinjury. Postconcussive symptoms, outcomes, and complications were assessed via telephone follow-up for all subjects. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 completed phone follow-up. Thirty-six @entity1 (60%) completed follow-up testing a median of 6 days postinjury. Traditional concussion grading did not correlate with @entity149 detected in the @entity341 or at follow-up. For the neurocognitive domains of verbal memory, processing speed, and reaction time, there was a significant correlation between @entity341 and follow-up scores trending toward clinical improvement. By 2 weeks postinjury, 23 @entity1 (41%) had not returned to normal activity. At 6 weeks, six @entity1 (10%) still had not returned to normal activity. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate assessment in the @entity341 can predict @entity149 seen in follow-up and may be potentially useful to individualize management or test therapeutic interventions. Neurocognitive assessment in the @entity341 detected deficits that clinical grading could not and correlated with deficits at follow-up.

title: Identifying XXXX in adolescents following concussion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['neurocognitive deficits']


abstract: We have previously investigated the possibility of using @entity19486 as a diagnostic tool for the fluorescence detection of flat @entity150 . In these clinical studies, it was shown that following intravesical application in @entity1 , @entity19486 becomes selectively localized in transitional @entity1377 and @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). In the present study, we characterized the biodistribution of @entity19486 in @entity35 @entity150 and normal bladder layers after intravesical administration. The biodistribution was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy with computerized image analysis to image and quantify the fluorescence of @entity19486 across the @entity5 and normal bladder wall. The results show that the photosensitizer intravesical administration route provides selective labelling of both the @entity5 and normal urothelium. A @entity19486 dose and instillation time-dependent increase in the @entity19486 fluorescence intensity in both the @entity5 and urothelium was observed, without significant @entity19486 fluorescence in the submucosa and muscle layers. The highest fluorescence ratios in @entity19486 accumulation in the @entity5 and normal urothelium to the @entity121 were achieved at 4 h with 30 micro M @entity19486 (20:1 for the urothelium to @entity121 and 30:1 for the @entity5 to @entity121 ). The difference in fluorescence intensity in @entity5 tissue to the @entity121 following instillation of 8 micro M @entity19486 was 11:1, 25:1 and 28:1 at 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. The difference in fluorescence intensity in @entity5 tissue to the @entity121 using 30 micro M @entity19486 was 17:1, 27:1 and 31:1 at 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. The highest absolute fluorescence levels were observed in the @entity5 at 4 h with 30 micro M @entity19486 instillation. The results suggest that under these conditions, PDT with @entity19486 is likely to produce uniform @entity5 eradication, without causing damage to the underlying muscle layers.

title: Microscopic quantification of hypercin fluorescence in an orthotopic @entity35 XXXX model after intravesical instillation.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle layer']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urothelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19486 :: ('MESH:C004965', 'Chemical') :: ['hypericin']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: We have previously investigated the possibility of using @entity19486 as a diagnostic tool for the fluorescence detection of flat @entity150 . In these clinical studies, it was shown that following intravesical application in @entity1 , @entity19486 becomes selectively localized in transitional @entity1377 and @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). In the present study, we characterized the biodistribution of @entity19486 in @entity35 @entity150 and normal bladder layers after intravesical administration. The biodistribution was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy with computerized image analysis to image and quantify the fluorescence of @entity19486 across the @entity5 and normal bladder wall. The results show that the photosensitizer intravesical administration route provides selective labelling of both the @entity5 and normal urothelium. A @entity19486 dose and instillation time-dependent increase in the @entity19486 fluorescence intensity in both the @entity5 and urothelium was observed, without significant @entity19486 fluorescence in the submucosa and muscle layers. The highest fluorescence ratios in @entity19486 accumulation in the @entity5 and normal urothelium to the @entity121 were achieved at 4 h with 30 micro M @entity19486 (20:1 for the urothelium to @entity121 and 30:1 for the @entity5 to @entity121 ). The difference in fluorescence intensity in @entity5 tissue to the @entity121 following instillation of 8 micro M @entity19486 was 11:1, 25:1 and 28:1 at 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. The difference in fluorescence intensity in @entity5 tissue to the @entity121 using 30 micro M @entity19486 was 17:1, 27:1 and 31:1 at 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. The highest absolute fluorescence levels were observed in the @entity5 at 4 h with 30 micro M @entity19486 instillation. The results suggest that under these conditions, PDT with @entity19486 is likely to produce uniform @entity5 eradication, without causing damage to the underlying muscle layers.

title: Microscopic quantification of hypercin fluorescence in an orthotopic XXXX @entity150 model after intravesical instillation.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The final common pathway involved in the cardiovascular alterations of @entity326 is incompletely defined. The opening of KATP channels is associated with vasorelaxation and alterations in cardiac contractility. This event may be triggered during @entity326 by increased @entity842 (NO) production, by a decreased intracellular content of @entity855 , or by a change in the transmembrane electrical potential. In the present study, we assessed the effects of @entity5217 , an agent that blocks the opening of KATP channels in vitro, on the contractile response of @entity35 aortic rings to @entity1063 , and in vivo in anesthetized @entity235 , with or without exposure to @entity526 endotoxin. In vitro, @entity5217 decreased the contractile response to @entity1063 in the presence of endotoxin, provided that the endothelium was intact. In vivo, administration of 0.15 mg/kg increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in the absence of endotoxin only, and increased myocardial performance. A higher dose of 1 mg/kg increased SVR and decreased myocardial performance, both during @entity326 and in control conditions. Renal and mesenteric blood flows decreased, but the respective fractional flows were unchanged. @entity26 delivery decreased in both experimental conditions, but @entity26 consumption decreased only in control conditions. The in vitro observations suggest that the opening of KATP channels is involved in the regulation of vascular tone during @entity5694 , via an endothelium-dependent mechanism. As different effects of @entity5217 were observed in vivo, the importance of the opening of KATP channels in @entity326 may be limited.

title: Hemodynamic effects of XXXX during @entity5694 : contrasting findings in vitro versus in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock', 'septic shock']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity5217 :: (MESH:D005905,Chemical) :: ['glibenclamide']


abstract: The final common pathway involved in the cardiovascular alterations of @entity326 is incompletely defined. The opening of KATP channels is associated with vasorelaxation and alterations in cardiac contractility. This event may be triggered during @entity326 by increased @entity842 (NO) production, by a decreased intracellular content of @entity855 , or by a change in the transmembrane electrical potential. In the present study, we assessed the effects of @entity5217 , an agent that blocks the opening of KATP channels in vitro, on the contractile response of @entity35 aortic rings to @entity1063 , and in vivo in anesthetized @entity235 , with or without exposure to @entity526 endotoxin. In vitro, @entity5217 decreased the contractile response to @entity1063 in the presence of endotoxin, provided that the endothelium was intact. In vivo, administration of 0.15 mg/kg increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in the absence of endotoxin only, and increased myocardial performance. A higher dose of 1 mg/kg increased SVR and decreased myocardial performance, both during @entity326 and in control conditions. Renal and mesenteric blood flows decreased, but the respective fractional flows were unchanged. @entity26 delivery decreased in both experimental conditions, but @entity26 consumption decreased only in control conditions. The in vitro observations suggest that the opening of KATP channels is involved in the regulation of vascular tone during @entity5694 , via an endothelium-dependent mechanism. As different effects of @entity5217 were observed in vivo, the importance of the opening of KATP channels in @entity326 may be limited.

title: Hemodynamic effects of @entity5217 during XXXX : contrasting findings in vitro versus in vivo.

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most effective schedule of @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) administration following endoscopic hemostasis of @entity548 ulcers remains uncertain. AIM: To compare the treatment effects of continuous infusion and low-dose @entity1537 therapies in @entity1 with @entity360 . METHODS: This prospective clinical study compared continuous infusion of @entity1537 (80 mg bolus followed by 8 mg   h continuous infusion for 72 h) and low-dose @entity1537 (40 mg twice daily IV) treatments in @entity360 @entity1 with peptic ulcer presenting a high risk of re- @entity548 , who were administered a successful endoscopic homeostasis. The primary end point was the occurrence of re- @entity548 during hospitalization and within one month of discharge. Secondary outcomes were defined as duration of hospitalization, need of transfusion, surgical treatment, and mortality rate. After 72 h, both groups were switched to oral @entity1537 therapy for one-month. RESULTS: A hundred thirty-two subjects were enrolled. Re- @entity548 occurred in 11 (16.7%) @entity1 in the infusion therapy group and in 12 (18.2%) @entity1 in the low-dose group (P=0.819) within the first 72 h. No @entity1 experienced re- @entity548 in the first month following discharge. There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups in terms of transfusion need, durations of hospitalization, need for surgery and mortality rate. CONCLUSION: PPI infusion therapy following endoscopic hemostasis treatment was not found superior to low-dose PPI therapy in the terms of re- @entity548 , need of surgery and mortality.

title: Comparison of infusion or low-dose XXXX inhibitor treatments in upper gastrointestinal system bleeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'non-variceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

answer: @entity7080 :: (495,Gene) :: ['proton pump']


abstract: QUESTION: Does exercise using a gaming console result in similar cardiovascular demand and energy expenditure as formally prescribed exercise in adults with @entity1577 ? How do these @entity1 perceive gaming console exercise? DESIGN: Randomised cross-over trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. @entity1 : 19 adults with @entity1577 admitted to hospital for treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation. INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent two 15-minute exercise interventions on separate days; one involving a gaming console and one a treadmill or cycle ergometer. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiovascular demand was measured using heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Energy expenditure was estimated using a portable activity monitor. Perception (enjoyment, @entity1295 , workload, effectiveness, feasibility) was rated using a horizontal 10-cm visual analogue scale. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in average heart rate (mean difference 3 beats/min, 95% CI -3 to 9) or energy expenditure (0.1 MET, 95% CI -0.3 to 0.5) between the two interventions. Both interventions provided a 'hard' workout (RPE    15). Gaming console exercise was rated as more enjoyable (mean difference 2.6 cm, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.6) than formal exercise but they didn't differ significantly in @entity1295 (-1.0 cm, 95% CI -2.4 to 0.3), perceived effectiveness (-0.4 cm, 95% CI -1.2 to 0.3), or perceived feasibility for inclusion in routine management (0.2 cm, 95% CI -0.7 to 1.1). CONCLUSION: Gaming console exercise provides a similar cardiovascular demand as traditional exercise modalities. It is feasible that adults with @entity1577 could include gaming console exercise in their exercise program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12610000861055.

title: Gaming console exercise and cycle or treadmill exercise provide similar cardiovascular demand in adults with XXXX : a randomised cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: QUESTION: In @entity1 with @entity453 , does an expanded cardiac rehabilitation program reduce @entity204 , @entity583 , and hospital admissions due to @entity65 ? DESIGN: Randomised, controlled trial with intention-to-treat analysis. SETTING: A University hospital in Sweden. @entity1 : @entity1 aged less than 75 years who had had a recent @entity583 or coronary artery bypass grafts were eligible to participate. Severe co-morbidities were exclusion criteria. Randomisation of 224 @entity1 allocated 111 to undergo expanded cardiac rehabilitation and 113 to a control group. INTERVENTIONS: Both groups received standard cardiac rehabilitation, including physical training, education, group and individual counselling, and support to cease smoking. All @entity1 received appropriate preventive medications. In addition, the intervention group received 20 group sessions of stress management, 3 sessions of cooking and diet counselling by a dietician, and a 5-day stay at a ' @entity1 hotel' with several activities including physical training and information. OUTCOME MEASURES: Although other outcomes were reported at the conclusion of 1-year follow-up, the outcomes at the 5-year follow-up were rates of @entity299 : @entity65 , acute @entity583 , and readmission to a hospital due to other cardiovascular causes. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up via national registers of health and mortality. During the 5-year follow-up, 53 (48%) @entity1 in the expanded cardiac rehabilitation group and 68 (60%) @entity1 in the control group had a @entity299 (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.99). This difference was mainly due to only 12 (11%) @entity1 having non-fatal @entity583 in the treatment group versus 23 (20%) in the control group (hazard ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.97). The number of hospitalisations and the number of days of hospitalisation were both significantly fewer in the treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Expanded cardiac rehabilitation after acute @entity583 or coronary artery bypass surgery reduces the long-term rate of cardiovascular events by reducing @entity583 and days in hospital for cardiovascular reasons.

title: Expanded cardiac rehabilitation reduces XXXX over five years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Switching @entity1229 for heparin has been a practice for managing periprocedural anticoagulation in high-risk @entity1 undergoing device-related procedures. We sought to investigate whether continuation of @entity1229 therapy without heparin bridging is safe and, when it is continued, the optimal international normalized ratio (INR) without increased @entity548 risk at time of device-related procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively studied 766 consecutive @entity1 taking @entity1229 long term who underwent device-related procedures. @entity1 were grouped by treatment: discontinued @entity1229 (- @entity1229 , n = 243), no interruption of @entity1229 (+ @entity1229 , n = 324), and discontinued @entity1229 with heparin bridging (+heparin, n = 199). The study primary endpoint was systemic @entity548 or formation of moderate or severe pocket @entity1410 within 30 days of the procedure. Thirty-one (4%) @entity1 had @entity548 events, including pocket @entity1410 in 29 @entity1 . The @entity548 events occurred more often for +heparin (7.0%) than - @entity1229 (2.1%) or + @entity1229 (3.7%, P = 0.029). For + @entity1229 group, INR of 2.0-2.5 at time of procedure did not increase @entity548 risk compared with INR less than 1.5 (3.7% vs 3.4%; P = 0.72), but INR greater than 2.5 increased the @entity548 risk (10.0% vs 3.4%; P = 0.029). Concomitant @entity117 use with @entity1229 significantly increased @entity548 risk than @entity1229 alone (5.6% vs 1.4%, P = 0.02). Median length of hospitalization was significantly shorter for + @entity1229 than +heparin (1 vs 6 days; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Continuation of oral anticoagulation therapy with an INR level of <2.5 does not impose increased risk of @entity548 for device-related procedures, although precaution is necessary to avoid supratherapeutic anticoagulation levels.

title: No increased XXXX events with continuation of oral anticoagulation therapy for @entity1 undergoing cardiac device procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin sodium', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Switching @entity1229 for heparin has been a practice for managing periprocedural anticoagulation in high-risk @entity1 undergoing device-related procedures. We sought to investigate whether continuation of @entity1229 therapy without heparin bridging is safe and, when it is continued, the optimal international normalized ratio (INR) without increased @entity548 risk at time of device-related procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively studied 766 consecutive @entity1 taking @entity1229 long term who underwent device-related procedures. @entity1 were grouped by treatment: discontinued @entity1229 (- @entity1229 , n = 243), no interruption of @entity1229 (+ @entity1229 , n = 324), and discontinued @entity1229 with heparin bridging (+heparin, n = 199). The study primary endpoint was systemic @entity548 or formation of moderate or severe pocket @entity1410 within 30 days of the procedure. Thirty-one (4%) @entity1 had @entity548 events, including pocket @entity1410 in 29 @entity1 . The @entity548 events occurred more often for +heparin (7.0%) than - @entity1229 (2.1%) or + @entity1229 (3.7%, P = 0.029). For + @entity1229 group, INR of 2.0-2.5 at time of procedure did not increase @entity548 risk compared with INR less than 1.5 (3.7% vs 3.4%; P = 0.72), but INR greater than 2.5 increased the @entity548 risk (10.0% vs 3.4%; P = 0.029). Concomitant @entity117 use with @entity1229 significantly increased @entity548 risk than @entity1229 alone (5.6% vs 1.4%, P = 0.02). Median length of hospitalization was significantly shorter for + @entity1229 than +heparin (1 vs 6 days; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Continuation of oral anticoagulation therapy with an INR level of <2.5 does not impose increased risk of @entity548 for device-related procedures, although precaution is necessary to avoid supratherapeutic anticoagulation levels.

title: No increased @entity548 events with continuation of oral anticoagulation therapy for XXXX undergoing cardiac device procedure.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity5 recurrence after liver resection occurs in the majority of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). This study was conducted to clarify the safety and effectiveness of repeated liver resection as a curative option for intrahepatic @entity157 recurrence. METHODS: Between July 1990 and January 2009, 483 @entity1 underwent 514 curative hepatic resections for @entity157 in our institution. Among this collective, 27 @entity1 underwent 31 repeated resections due to recurrent @entity157 (27 s resections, three third resections and one forth resection). The outcome of these @entity1 was retrospectively reviewed using a prospective database. RESULTS: Perioperative morbidity and mortality was 11% (three of 27) and 0%. Six @entity1 showed @entity409 , 23 underwent minor liver resections (fewer than three segments) and five @entity1 underwent major resections (three or more segments). The majority of the @entity1 showed no signs of @entity409 (16 of 27). The median @entity5 free margin was 1.5 mm (range: 0 to 20 mm). The median @entity5 diameter was 40 mm (range: 10 to 165 mm). @entity5 dedifferentiations at time of @entity5 recurrence were not observed. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates after second liver resection were 96%, 70% and 42%. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated liver resection is a valid and safe curative therapy option for recurrent @entity157 and results in significant prolongation of survival in comparison to interventional treatment strategies in selected @entity1 . However, due to @entity409 , multifocal intrahepatic or extrahepatic recurrence repeated resection is only feasible in a minority of @entity1 .

title: Repeated liver resection for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'multiple liver lesions', 'impaired liver function']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity837 is licensed for use at doses up to 20 mg but is used clinically at higher doses. There is limited published data at higher doses and none in the treatment of @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHODS: This open-label, pilot study was designed to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of @entity837 in doses up to 50 mg in @entity308 . It was conducted in 60 primary care @entity1 with @entity308 who had not responded to adequate treatment with @entity837 . @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of @entity837 up to 50 mg for up to 32 weeks until they achieved remission (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]  <= 8) or failed to tolerate the dose. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 (70%) completed the study. Twenty-one @entity1 (35%) achieved remission with 8 of the 21 @entity1 (38%) needing the 50 mg dose to achieve remission. Median time to remission was 24 weeks and median dose in remission was 30 mg. No significant safety issues were identified although tolerability appeared to decline above a dose of 40 mg with 26% of @entity1 unable to tolerate 50 mg. Twelve (20%) @entity1 had adverse events leading to discontinuation. The most common adverse events were @entity10 (35%), @entity390 , @entity294 and @entity11266 (all 25%). Minor mean weight gain was found during the study, which did not appear to be dose-related. Half of the @entity1 who completed the study chose to continue treatment with @entity837 rather than taper down the dose at 32 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation with @entity837 above 20 mg may have a useful role in the management of @entity1 with @entity308 , although further studies are needed to confirm this finding. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00785434.

title: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of @entity837 in doses up to 50 mg in @entity308 ( XXXX ): an open-label, pilot study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'Major Depressive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'escitalopram', 'Escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['MDD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity837 is licensed for use at doses up to 20 mg but is used clinically at higher doses. There is limited published data at higher doses and none in the treatment of @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHODS: This open-label, pilot study was designed to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of @entity837 in doses up to 50 mg in @entity308 . It was conducted in 60 primary care @entity1 with @entity308 who had not responded to adequate treatment with @entity837 . @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of @entity837 up to 50 mg for up to 32 weeks until they achieved remission (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]  <= 8) or failed to tolerate the dose. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 (70%) completed the study. Twenty-one @entity1 (35%) achieved remission with 8 of the 21 @entity1 (38%) needing the 50 mg dose to achieve remission. Median time to remission was 24 weeks and median dose in remission was 30 mg. No significant safety issues were identified although tolerability appeared to decline above a dose of 40 mg with 26% of @entity1 unable to tolerate 50 mg. Twelve (20%) @entity1 had adverse events leading to discontinuation. The most common adverse events were @entity10 (35%), @entity390 , @entity294 and @entity11266 (all 25%). Minor mean weight gain was found during the study, which did not appear to be dose-related. Half of the @entity1 who completed the study chose to continue treatment with @entity837 rather than taper down the dose at 32 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation with @entity837 above 20 mg may have a useful role in the management of @entity1 with @entity308 , although further studies are needed to confirm this finding. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00785434.

title: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of @entity837 in doses up to 50 mg in XXXX ( @entity308 ): an open-label, pilot study.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Major Depressive Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity837 is licensed for use at doses up to 20 mg but is used clinically at higher doses. There is limited published data at higher doses and none in the treatment of @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHODS: This open-label, pilot study was designed to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of @entity837 in doses up to 50 mg in @entity308 . It was conducted in 60 primary care @entity1 with @entity308 who had not responded to adequate treatment with @entity837 . @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of @entity837 up to 50 mg for up to 32 weeks until they achieved remission (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]  <= 8) or failed to tolerate the dose. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 (70%) completed the study. Twenty-one @entity1 (35%) achieved remission with 8 of the 21 @entity1 (38%) needing the 50 mg dose to achieve remission. Median time to remission was 24 weeks and median dose in remission was 30 mg. No significant safety issues were identified although tolerability appeared to decline above a dose of 40 mg with 26% of @entity1 unable to tolerate 50 mg. Twelve (20%) @entity1 had adverse events leading to discontinuation. The most common adverse events were @entity10 (35%), @entity390 , @entity294 and @entity11266 (all 25%). Minor mean weight gain was found during the study, which did not appear to be dose-related. Half of the @entity1 who completed the study chose to continue treatment with @entity837 rather than taper down the dose at 32 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation with @entity837 above 20 mg may have a useful role in the management of @entity1 with @entity308 , although further studies are needed to confirm this finding. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00785434.

title: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of XXXX in doses up to 50 mg in @entity308 ( @entity308 ): an open-label, pilot study.

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['escitalopram']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatolithiasis is a risk factor for @entity201 . However, it is difficult to detect early @entity201 that occurs as a complication of hepatolithiasis. To identify the factors, which can be used for predicting @entity201 in @entity1 with hepatolithiasis, we compared the clinical characteristics of @entity1 who had @entity201 associated with hepatolithiasis with those of @entity1 with hepatolithiasis only. METHODOLOGY: Forty @entity1 with @entity201 associated with hepatolithiasis (group HC) and 73 @entity1 with hepatolithiasis only (group H) were randomly selected for this study. Mean @entity5 size was 6.1 +/- 2.4 cm in diameter. RESULTS: @entity1 of group HC were older (56.7 +/- 8.9 yr) than those of group H (49.2 +/- 12.9 yr) (p < 0.001). Weight loss was more frequent in group HC (51.5%) than in group H (5.5%) (p < 0.001) and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were higher in group HC (181 +/- 184 IU/L) than in group H (426 +/- 385 IU/L) (p < 0.001). The proportion of the @entity1 who had hepatolithiasis in the right or both lobes of the liver was higher in group HC (72.5%) than in group H (50.6%) (p = 0.024). The optimal cutoff value of serum @entity787 level for @entity201 detection was set at 4.2 ng/mL using ROC cure to give a sensitivity of 67.6% and a specificity of 90.5%. Group HC differed from group H because of its lower rates of both @entity490 and @entity255 , longer duration of stone history, and lower serum albumin level. Factors that did not predict @entity201 included sex ratio, white blood cell count, serum @entity648 level, and @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity201 should be suspected in @entity1 with hepatolithiasis, especially when, the @entity1 is over 40 years old, has a long history of hepatolithiasis with @entity353 , a higher level of serum alkaline phosphatase, a lower level of serum albumin, a serum carcinoembryonic antigen level exceeding 4.2 ng/mL, and hepatolithiasis that is located either in the right or both lobes of the liver.

title: Factors predicting concurrent XXXX associated with hepatolithiasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinomas']


abstract: Muscle metabolites and blood @entity880 concentration were studied in five male subjects during five constant-load cycling exercises. The power outputs were below, equal to and above aerobic (AerT) and anaerobic ( @entity9659 ) threshold as determined during an incremental leg cycling test. At AerT, muscle @entity880 had increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from the rest value of 2.31 to 5.56 mmol X kg-1 wet wt. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in @entity2723 by 28% (p less than 0.05), whereas only a minor change (9%) was observed for @entity855 . At @entity9659 muscle @entity880 had further increased and @entity2723 decreased although not significantly as compared with values at AerT. At the highest power outputs (greater than @entity9659 ) muscle @entity880 had increased (p less than 0.01) and @entity2723 decreased (p less than 0.01) significantly from the values observed at @entity9659 . Furthermore, a significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in @entity855 over resting values was recorded. Blood @entity880 decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) during the last half of the lowest 5 min exercise, remained unchanged at AerT and increased significantly (p less than 0.05-0.01) at power outputs greater than or equal to @entity9659 . It is concluded that anaerobic muscle metabolism is increased above resting values at AerT: at low power outputs (less than or equal to AerT) this could be related to the transient @entity26 deficit during the onset of exercise or the increase in power output. At high power outputs (greater than @entity9659 ) anaerobic energy production is accelerated and it is suggested that @entity9659 represents the upper limit of power output where @entity880 production and removal may attain equilibrium during constant load exercise.

title: Muscle metabolism, blood @entity880 and XXXX uptake in steady state exercise at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Muscle metabolites and blood @entity880 concentration were studied in five male subjects during five constant-load cycling exercises. The power outputs were below, equal to and above aerobic (AerT) and anaerobic ( @entity9659 ) threshold as determined during an incremental leg cycling test. At AerT, muscle @entity880 had increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from the rest value of 2.31 to 5.56 mmol X kg-1 wet wt. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in @entity2723 by 28% (p less than 0.05), whereas only a minor change (9%) was observed for @entity855 . At @entity9659 muscle @entity880 had further increased and @entity2723 decreased although not significantly as compared with values at AerT. At the highest power outputs (greater than @entity9659 ) muscle @entity880 had increased (p less than 0.01) and @entity2723 decreased (p less than 0.01) significantly from the values observed at @entity9659 . Furthermore, a significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in @entity855 over resting values was recorded. Blood @entity880 decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) during the last half of the lowest 5 min exercise, remained unchanged at AerT and increased significantly (p less than 0.05-0.01) at power outputs greater than or equal to @entity9659 . It is concluded that anaerobic muscle metabolism is increased above resting values at AerT: at low power outputs (less than or equal to AerT) this could be related to the transient @entity26 deficit during the onset of exercise or the increase in power output. At high power outputs (greater than @entity9659 ) anaerobic energy production is accelerated and it is suggested that @entity9659 represents the upper limit of power output where @entity880 production and removal may attain equilibrium during constant load exercise.

title: Muscle metabolism, blood XXXX and @entity26 uptake in steady state exercise at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds.

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: @entity135 ( @entity135 ) is a well known confound in analyses of functional MRI (fMRI) data. Neuroimaging researchers therefore typically treat @entity135 as a nuisance covariate in their analyses. Even so, it is possible that @entity135 shares a common genetic influence with the trait of interest. Here we investigate the extent to which this relationship is due to shared genetic factors, using @entity135 extracted from resting-state fMRI and maternal and self report measures of Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity from the Strengths and Weaknesses of @entity71 Symptoms and Normal Behaviour ( @entity28927 ) scales. Our sample consisted of healthy young adult twins (N = 627 (63% females) including 95 MZ and 144 DZ twin pairs, mean age 22, who had mother-reported @entity28927 ; N = 725 (58% females) including 101 MZ and 156 DZ pairs, mean age 25, with self reported @entity28927 ). This design enabled us to distinguish genetic from environmental factors in the association between head movement and @entity71 scales. @entity135 was moderately correlated with maternal reports of Inattention (r = 0.17, p-value = 7.4E-5) and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (r = 0.16, p-value = 2.9E-4), and these associations were mainly due to pleiotropic genetic factors with genetic correlations [95% CIs] of rg = 0.24 [0.02, 0.43] and rg = 0.23 [0.07, 0.39]. Correlations between self-reports and @entity135 were not significant, due largely to increased measurement error. These results indicate that treating @entity135 as a nuisance covariate in neuroimaging studies of @entity71 will likely reduce power to detect between-group effects, as the implicit assumption of independence between @entity135 and Inattention or Hyperactivity-Impulsivity is not warranted. The implications of this finding are problematic for fMRI studies of @entity71 , as failing to apply @entity135 correction is known to increase the likelihood of false positives. We discuss two ways to circumvent this problem: censoring the motion contaminated frames of the RS-fMRI scan or explicitly modeling the relationship between @entity135 and Inattention or Hyperactivity-Impulsivity.

title: Head Motion and Inattention/Hyperactivity Share Common Genetic Influences: Implications for fMRI Studies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head motion', 'HM']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: In a study of 445 @entity1 with @entity14 referred to our center during a 3-yr period, we investigated the following parameters and their interrelationships: sex, marital status, ethnic origin, place of residence, stage of disease, delay in diagnosis and factors responsible for delay. @entity66 was found in 52% of the @entity1 , regional disease in 29% and metastatic disease in 19%. The incidence of @entity14 was significantly higher in Jews of European (occidental) descent than in Jews of Asian or North African (oriental) descent or in Arabs. The median and mean ages were significantly higher in the occidental than in the oriental Jewish group and significantly lower in the Arabs than in the oriental Jews. Diagnosis was delayed for more than 6 weeks in 52% of the @entity1 . Responsibility for the delay could be attributed to the @entity1 in 54% of these cases and to the physician in 47%. Administrative factors were responsible for the delay in 26%. (In 27% of the above delayers there was more than one agent responsible for the delay.) On average, @entity1 in whom diagnosis was delayed had more @entity1442 than those without delay. Also, @entity1 with @entity1442 had a longer delay on average than those with @entity66 . The stage of disease at diagnosis was more advanced in the oriental than in the occidental Jews. No correlations were found between delay in diagnosis and either age or sex. There were more widowers with delay (21%) than with no delay (16%). In @entity1 living outside Haifa delay was more prolonged than in those residing in the city. Educational programs aimed at the population at risk of developing @entity5 and especially at those likely to undergo delay in diagnosis are recommended. Postgraduate courses should be designed to instruct physicians on how to minimize delay in diagnosis.

title: XXXX : incidence, delay in diagnosis and stage of disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease', 'Localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: In the present study the results of the polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 use for the therapy of @entity1 with @entity565 ( @entity565 ) and @entity2144 were generalized. The vaccine was introduced by the nasal-subcutaneous or nasal-oral administration simultaneously with the basic therapy. Te studies were conducted first on limited groups of @entity1 , then in the course of the State Trial with the use of placebo control. Excellent and good effect lasting for 1 year and over was registered in 36 @entity1 (66.7%) out of 54 @entity565 @entity1 receiving the vaccine by the intranasal-subcutaneous method. Immunotherapy produced no positive effect in 13 @entity1 (24.1%). Out of 35 examined @entity1 receiving the vaccine by the intranasal oral method, excellent and good effect was registered in 26 @entity1 (74.2%). No effect was registered in 4 @entity1 (11.4%). In the group of 28 @entity1 receiving placebo simultaneously with the basic therapy positive dynamics in the course of the disease was observed only in 3 @entity1 . Treatment with polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 led to a prolonged (to a year and more) decrease in the frequency and severity of exacerbations, contributed to the prolongation of remissions and to a decrease in the amount of administered medicinal preparations, especially systemic corticosteroids. Immunotherapy ensured the correction of the content of lymphocyte subpopulations with markers CD3, @entity404 , @entity42428 and a rise in the titers of antibodies to antigens contained in the preparation. The use of therapeutic polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2144 ensured the state of prolonged remission in this group of @entity1 . On the basis of our investigations we believe that the use of the therapeutic polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 may be included into the basis therapy of @entity56 .

title: [Multicomponent vaccine VP-4 in the therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction   We have succeeded in classifying the severity of @entity698 by evaluating the structure of the submucosal layer and blood flow in the appendix wall with ultrasonography (US). Here, we propose a new preoperative classification system to guide treatment strategy. Materials and Methods   Between February 2005 and December 2011, a total of 440 @entity697 cases were diagnosed, and 407 met inclusion criteria for this study. US and Doppler findings were used to classify cases as Grade I, IIa, IIb, III, or @entity2466 . Grades I and IIa were treated conservatively without antibiotics. Appendectomy for Grades IIb and III and interval appendectomy for @entity2466 were performed. Results   Of 407 cases, 38 were Grade I, 132 were Grade IIa, 130 were Grade IIb, 57 were Grade III, and 50 were @entity2466 . Improvement occurred without antibiotics in 37 (97.3%) Grade I and 129 (97.7%) Grade IIa cases. Recurrence occurred postdischarge in 9 (23.6%) Grade I and 35 (26.5%) Grade IIa cases. All Grades IIb and III @entity1 had gangrenous or phlegmonous @entity698 . There were no negative appendectomies. Conclusion   Even if US findings reveal swelling or an irregular submucosal layer, when power Doppler identifies abundant blood flow, @entity32 may improve spontaneously. @entity551 indicates irreversible @entity39 change. Doppler and B-mode US used together improve @entity697 treatment.

title: The Usefulness of Combined B Mode and Doppler Ultrasonography to Guide Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal mass']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased appendiceal wall blood flow']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the epidemiological evidence linking @entity28 and @entity5 , there has never been a causal link. We believe the @entity32 present in @entity28 may predispose the @entity28 to @entity5 through Fas-receptor over-expression and @entity1196 under-expression in leukocytes, and elevated @entity12 secretion in @entity5 affecting the morbidly @entity28 . METHODS: Leukocytes from 25 @entity1 having gastric bypass surgery were compared to 15 normal controls preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using flow cytometry to measure CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2940 , @entity8729 ( @entity1196 ), @entity7986 , and @entity1197 ( @entity1197 ) expression on T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and neutrophils. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1197 + T cells was significantly elevated from controls (69.4% vs 56%, P = 0.005). This difference persisted through 1 month postoperatively. Furthermore, expression of @entity1197 per cell, was significantly greater in these @entity1 than that of the controls (80.2 vs 62.6 gmf, P = 0.018) preoperatively, and this continued to 1 month. Polymorphonuclear cells also displayed a similar elevation in @entity1197 gmf expression preoperatively (54.1 vs 40.7 gmf, P = 0.023) which normalized by 3 months. Natural killer cells did not display elevated numbers of @entity1197 gmf preoperatively, but they did experience a significant decline by 12 months. Additionally, there was significant reduction in the number of naiveT cells [(T cells without @entity1196 ( @entity1196 )], when compared to normals preoperatively (41.8% vs 51.3%, P = 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the postoperative @entity1 and the controls by 3 months. @entity7986 was not different at baseline from controls in T or B cells, but there was a significant decrease by 12 months. CONCLUSION: The reduced expression of @entity1196 combined with the elevated levels of @entity1197 suggests that morbid @entity28 predisposes @entity1 to sites of immune privilege. This could be the mechanism for increased rates of @entity5 and @entity2737 seen in @entity28 . Surgically-induced weight loss eliminates these risk factors.

title: Dysfunctional immune-privilege in morbid XXXX : implications and effect of gastric bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early gastrointestinal (GI) @entity548 after open gastric bypass has been infrequently reported. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of early @entity360 after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP), its presentation, and possible treatment options. METHODS: A retrospective review of 5 @entity1 who developed early postoperative @entity360 after LRYGBP was performed. The charts were reviewed for demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment. All @entity1 underwent a transected LRYGBP with creation of the @entity254 with a circular stapler and the jejunojejunostomy @entity254 with a linear stapler. RESULTS: Of the 155 @entity1 in our database who underwent LRYGBP, 5 (3.2%) developed early clinical @entity360 . There were 2 males with an average age of 40 years. Clinical presentations of @entity360 were @entity6552 (2 @entity1 ), bright red blood per rectum (1 @entity1 ), melena (1 @entity1 ), and @entity551 (1 @entity1 ). A diagnostic study (nuclear scintigraphy) was performed in only 1 of 5 @entity1 . 3 of 5 @entity1 were managed nonoperatively; 2 @entity1 required fluid and blood resuscitation, and the other @entity1 was managed without blood transfusion. The onset of @entity548 in these 3 @entity1 occurred 24 hours postoperatively or later. 2 of 5 @entity1 required operative intervention for control of @entity548 . The onset of @entity548 or @entity551 in these 2 @entity1 occurred within 12 hours after surgery. The sites of @entity548 were at the gastric remnant staple-lines in 1 @entity1 and at the gastrojejunostomy and gastric remnant staple-lines in the other @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity360 is a potential complication after transected LRYGBP. Early reoperative intervention should be performed for @entity1 with @entity1344 and @entity1 with early onset of @entity548 after surgery.

title: Early XXXX after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'gastrojejunostomy anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI hemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Juvenile survival and recruitment can be more sensitive to environmental, ecological and anthropogenic factors than adult survival, influencing population-level processes like recruitment and growth rate in long-lived, iteroparous species such as @entity57290 . Conventionally, @entity57290 are individually identified using callosity patterns, which do not stabilise until 6-12 months, by which time the whale has left its natal wintering grounds. Here we use DNA profiling of skin biopsy samples to identify individual @entity57290 from year of birth and document their return to the species' primary wintering ground in New Zealand waters, the Subantarctic Auckland Islands. We find evidence of natal fidelity to the New Zealand wintering ground by the recapture of 15 of 57 whales, first sampled in year of birth and available for subsequent recapture, during winter surveys to the Auckland Islands in 1995-1998 and 2006-2009. Four individuals were recaptured at the ages of 9 to 11, including two females first sampled as @entity291 in 1998 and subsequently resampled as @entity291 with @entity291 in 2007. Using these capture-recapture records of known-age individuals, we estimate changes in survival with age using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Survival is modelled using discrete age classes and as a continuous function of age. Using a bootstrap method to account for uncertainty in model selection and fitting, we provide the first direct estimate of juvenile survival for this population. Our analyses indicate a high annual apparent survival for juveniles at between 0.87 ( @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.17, to age 1) and 0.95 ( @entity2246 0.05: ages 2-8). Individual identification by DNA profiling is an effective method for long-term demographic and genetic monitoring, particularly in animals that change identifiable features as they develop or experience tag loss over time.

title: First Direct Evidence for Natal Wintering Ground Fidelity and Estimate of Juvenile Survival in the New Zealand XXXX @entity57290 .

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity57290 :: ('160595', 'Species') :: ['Southern right whales', 'southern right whales']

answer: @entity57290 :: (160595,Species) :: ['Southern Right Whale']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Juvenile survival and recruitment can be more sensitive to environmental, ecological and anthropogenic factors than adult survival, influencing population-level processes like recruitment and growth rate in long-lived, iteroparous species such as @entity57290 . Conventionally, @entity57290 are individually identified using callosity patterns, which do not stabilise until 6-12 months, by which time the whale has left its natal wintering grounds. Here we use DNA profiling of skin biopsy samples to identify individual @entity57290 from year of birth and document their return to the species' primary wintering ground in New Zealand waters, the Subantarctic Auckland Islands. We find evidence of natal fidelity to the New Zealand wintering ground by the recapture of 15 of 57 whales, first sampled in year of birth and available for subsequent recapture, during winter surveys to the Auckland Islands in 1995-1998 and 2006-2009. Four individuals were recaptured at the ages of 9 to 11, including two females first sampled as @entity291 in 1998 and subsequently resampled as @entity291 with @entity291 in 2007. Using these capture-recapture records of known-age individuals, we estimate changes in survival with age using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Survival is modelled using discrete age classes and as a continuous function of age. Using a bootstrap method to account for uncertainty in model selection and fitting, we provide the first direct estimate of juvenile survival for this population. Our analyses indicate a high annual apparent survival for juveniles at between 0.87 ( @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.17, to age 1) and 0.95 ( @entity2246 0.05: ages 2-8). Individual identification by DNA profiling is an effective method for long-term demographic and genetic monitoring, particularly in animals that change identifiable features as they develop or experience tag loss over time.

title: First Direct Evidence for Natal Wintering Ground Fidelity and Estimate of Juvenile Survival in the New Zealand @entity57290 XXXX .

answer: @entity57290 :: (160595,Species) :: ['Eubalaena australis']


abstract: The study included 1742 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity981 ( @entity981 ), Kyiv city residents and @entity1 from 20 regions of Ukraine. Bone marrow and blood smears were sent at diagnosis to Reference Center. The analysis was based on May-Gr  nvald-Giemza (MGG) stain and cytochemical reactions (MPO, acNSE, CAE, AP, PAS). Immunocytochemical techniques (APAAP, LSAB) and broad panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against lineage specific and differentiation antigens of leukocytes were employed for immunophenotyping of leukemic blast cells directly in blood and bone marrow smears. Different types of @entity3052 were defined by the expression of the cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens. Immunocytochemical study was required especially in diagnosing of @entity3052 with minimal differentiation, @entity10706 , @entity1778 and @entity1778 of ambiguous lineage. @entity981 was broadly classified into B-lineage and @entity11511 . According to the degree of B-lymphoid differentiation of the blast cells four subtypes of B-lineage @entity981 were established. @entity11511 observed in @entity1 were also divided into four subtypes. Immunocytochemical examination was required to diagnose @entity1582 of ambiguous lineage with no clear evidence of lineage differentiation ( @entity1778 ) or those with blasts that express markers of more than one lineage (mixed phenotype @entity1778 ).

title: Immunocytochemical markers in XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemias', 'ALL', 'Acute lymphoblastic leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukaemias', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemias', 'acute erythroid leukaemia', 'acute undifferentiated leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-lineage ALL']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['acute leukaemias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study presents the results of the application of deep electromagnetic stimulation (DEMS) therapy in the treatment of @entity1643 . The study aimed to evaluate and compare @entity158 severity before and after deep electromagnetic stimulation sessions and to assess persistence of the analgesic effect and identify factors which influenced it significantly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled a series of 105 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1643 who underwent a series of 10 sessions of deep electromagnetic stimulation. The effectiveness of the therapy was assessed according to VAS and Laitinen scores. Risk factors significantly affecting the stability of analgesic effect after DEMS therapy were identified using the Cox regression model. RESULTS: Statistically significant @entity158 relief was observed after deep electromagnetic therapy. Both the Laitinen and VAS scales demonstrated the reduction in @entity158 intensity by half (Me (IQR): 6 (5-9) before the therapy vs. 3 (24) afterwards, p<0.0001 for Laitinen scale and 7 (6-8) before vs. 3 (2-5) after the therapy, p<0.0001 for VAS). During 12-month follow up, @entity158 recurred in 84 (80%) @entity1 . @entity158 recurrence within a year after the therapy was stimulated in a statistically significant manner by @entity158 duration (HR=1.032, 95% CI: 0.988-1.078; p=0.032) and the co-occurrence of @entity179 (HR=5.521, 95%CI: 2.905-10.493; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Deep electromagnetic stimulation is an effective treatment in @entity1 with @entity1643 . 2. The degree of effectiveness of this modality in the longer term depends on the cause and duration of @entity158 .

title: Assessment of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Deep Electromagnetic Stimulation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disease']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Chronic Low Back Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study presents the results of the application of deep electromagnetic stimulation (DEMS) therapy in the treatment of @entity1643 . The study aimed to evaluate and compare @entity158 severity before and after deep electromagnetic stimulation sessions and to assess persistence of the analgesic effect and identify factors which influenced it significantly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled a series of 105 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1643 who underwent a series of 10 sessions of deep electromagnetic stimulation. The effectiveness of the therapy was assessed according to VAS and Laitinen scores. Risk factors significantly affecting the stability of analgesic effect after DEMS therapy were identified using the Cox regression model. RESULTS: Statistically significant @entity158 relief was observed after deep electromagnetic therapy. Both the Laitinen and VAS scales demonstrated the reduction in @entity158 intensity by half (Me (IQR): 6 (5-9) before the therapy vs. 3 (24) afterwards, p<0.0001 for Laitinen scale and 7 (6-8) before vs. 3 (2-5) after the therapy, p<0.0001 for VAS). During 12-month follow up, @entity158 recurred in 84 (80%) @entity1 . @entity158 recurrence within a year after the therapy was stimulated in a statistically significant manner by @entity158 duration (HR=1.032, 95% CI: 0.988-1.078; p=0.032) and the co-occurrence of @entity179 (HR=5.521, 95%CI: 2.905-10.493; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Deep electromagnetic stimulation is an effective treatment in @entity1 with @entity1643 . 2. The degree of effectiveness of this modality in the longer term depends on the cause and duration of @entity158 .

title: Assessment of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Deep Electromagnetic Stimulation in XXXX with @entity1643 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Inflammatory processes resulting from the secretion of soluble mediators by immune cells, lead to various manifestations in skin, joints and other tissues as well as altered cytokine homeostasis. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in recognizing pathogens and other endogenous danger stimuli. One of the major cytokines released by innate immune cells is Interleukin (IL)-1. Therefore, we utilize a whole blood stimulation assay in order to measure the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and specifically of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity1356 (1, 2, 3). @entity1 with @entity74 of the innate immune system causing autoinflammatory syndromes show an exaggerated release of mature @entity1356 upon stimulation with LPS alone. In order to evaluate the innate immune component of @entity1 who present with inflammatory-associated pathologies, we use a specific immunoassay to detect cellular immune responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These PAMPs are recognized by @entity10400 ( @entity10400 ), which are found on the cells of the innate immune system (4, 5, 6, 7). A primary signal, LPS, in conjunction with a secondary signal, @entity855 , is necessary for the activation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that processes @entity1356 to its mature, bioactive form (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10). The whole blood assay requires minimal sample manipulation to assess cytokine production when compared to other methods that require labor intensive isolation and culturing of specific cell populations. This method differs from other whole blood stimulation assays; rather than diluting samples with a ratio of RPMI media, we perform a white blood cell count directly from diluted whole blood and therefore, stimulate a known number of white blood cells in culture (2). The results of this particular whole blood assay demonstrate a novel technique useful in elucidating @entity1 cohorts presenting with autoinflammatory pathophysiologies.

title: Accurate and simple measurement of the pro-inflammatory cytokine XXXX using a whole blood stimulation assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['pathogen recognition receptors', 'PRRs']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: @entity5 is the most common solid @entity5 among @entity1 aged 15-35 years. The introduction of @entity900 -based chemotherapy has resulted in a cure rate of over 95% for @entity1 with @entity5 , which has put increased emphasis on understanding the morbidity associated with chemotherapy. Hematological, @entity344 are the most common acute adverse effects. Although most @entity1 recover, some of these effects can persist after the chemotherapy regimen has been completed and can become chronic problems. The late complications associated with @entity900 -based chemotherapy include secondary @entity5 , @entity65 , @entity2530 , and @entity73 . Late complications can have considerable effects on survival and quality of life, so close monitoring of @entity1 is critical for the early diagnosis of late adverse effects and to limit associated damage. All @entity1 should adopt a healthy lifestyle and follow age-appropriate @entity5 screening programs. Hormonal supplementation should be considered for those with a low @entity251 level, in order to reduce the risk of @entity250 and @entity209 . Prompt diagnosis of @entity2530 is essential, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any long-term @entity5 survivor complaining of @entity158 . Finally, sperm cryopreservation should be discussed with all @entity1 before chemotherapy is initiated.

title: Complications associated with chemotherapy in XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer', 'cancer', 'Testicular cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, gonadal, otological, renal, neurological, and pulmonary toxicities']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bispectal index (BIS) monitoring may reduce drug usage and hasten recovery in @entity1875 and inhalation anesthesia. The faster emergence profile of @entity10233 may reduce the effect of BIS monitoring on recovery from @entity10233 compared with @entity1875 . This study compared hypnotic drug usage, recovery, @entity1 satisfaction and incidence of inadequate sedation in BIS monitored and nonmonitored @entity1 anesthetized with @entity10233 or @entity1875 . METHODS: One hundred and sixty @entity1 scheduled for elective gynecological surgery were randomly assigned to @entity10233 or @entity1875 anesthesia with and without BIS monitoring. @entity3575 , @entity3369 and @entity1937 were administered according to clinical criteria. The BIS monitor was used in all @entity1 , but the monitor screen was covered in the controls. A BIS level between 45 and 55 was targeted in the BIS monitored @entity1 whereas depth of anesthesia was assessed by clinical criteria in the controls. RESULTS: The mean (SD) @entity10233 MAC-hours administered with and without BIS were 0.70 (0.15) and 0.76 (0.12), respectively, resulting in extubation times of 6.5 (4.1) and 8.3 (6.1) min. (NS). Bispectal index monitoring was associated with improved @entity1 satisfaction, reduced postoperative @entity390 and antiemetic drug requirement, and fewer episodes with sustained BIS levels > 60. The mean (SD) @entity1875 infusion rates were 6.0 (1.4) and 6.6 (0.9) mg kg(-1)h(-1) with and without the BIS monitor (P = 0.023), resulting in mean (SD) extubation times of 6.8 (4.6) and 10.5 min (5.9), respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bispectal index monitoring reduced @entity1875 usage and hastened recovery after @entity1875 anesthesia, whereas in @entity10233 anesthesia it was associated with improved @entity1 satisfaction, probably because of @entity1209 and fewer episodes of inadequate hypnosis.

title: Different benefit of bispectal index (BIS) in XXXX and @entity1875 anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['decreased postoperative nausea']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity10233 :: (MESH:C053562,Chemical) :: ['desflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bispectal index (BIS) monitoring may reduce drug usage and hasten recovery in @entity1875 and inhalation anesthesia. The faster emergence profile of @entity10233 may reduce the effect of BIS monitoring on recovery from @entity10233 compared with @entity1875 . This study compared hypnotic drug usage, recovery, @entity1 satisfaction and incidence of inadequate sedation in BIS monitored and nonmonitored @entity1 anesthetized with @entity10233 or @entity1875 . METHODS: One hundred and sixty @entity1 scheduled for elective gynecological surgery were randomly assigned to @entity10233 or @entity1875 anesthesia with and without BIS monitoring. @entity3575 , @entity3369 and @entity1937 were administered according to clinical criteria. The BIS monitor was used in all @entity1 , but the monitor screen was covered in the controls. A BIS level between 45 and 55 was targeted in the BIS monitored @entity1 whereas depth of anesthesia was assessed by clinical criteria in the controls. RESULTS: The mean (SD) @entity10233 MAC-hours administered with and without BIS were 0.70 (0.15) and 0.76 (0.12), respectively, resulting in extubation times of 6.5 (4.1) and 8.3 (6.1) min. (NS). Bispectal index monitoring was associated with improved @entity1 satisfaction, reduced postoperative @entity390 and antiemetic drug requirement, and fewer episodes with sustained BIS levels > 60. The mean (SD) @entity1875 infusion rates were 6.0 (1.4) and 6.6 (0.9) mg kg(-1)h(-1) with and without the BIS monitor (P = 0.023), resulting in mean (SD) extubation times of 6.8 (4.6) and 10.5 min (5.9), respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bispectal index monitoring reduced @entity1875 usage and hastened recovery after @entity1875 anesthesia, whereas in @entity10233 anesthesia it was associated with improved @entity1 satisfaction, probably because of @entity1209 and fewer episodes of inadequate hypnosis.

title: Different benefit of bispectal index (BIS) in @entity10233 and XXXX anesthesia.

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) has been shown to increase transepithelial resistance in Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells, and the mechanism may involve altered phosphorylation of junctional proteins. In this study, we examine the effect of the @entity23417 and @entity37492 (MAPK) pathways on the basal transepithelial resistance (TER) and on the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER across MDCK monolayers. Here we present evidence that @entity9472 may be mediating some of its effects through activation of the @entity23417 MAPK pathway. METHODS: MDCK cells were treated with @entity9472 (4.2 micromol/L) and paracellular permeability was assessed by measuring TER. The role of the @entity23417 and the p38 MAPK pathways in modulating TER was investigated using the inhibitors @entity4286 and @entity5732 for @entity23417 and @entity1441 for p38. @entity23417 and p38 phosphorylation/activation was also examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: @entity9472 (4.2 micromol/L) increased the TER of MDCK monolayers. The @entity23417 inhibitor @entity4286 decreased basal TER and also ameliorated the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER. Similar results were found with the U0126 inhibitor of @entity23417 . The p38 inhibitor @entity1441 had no effect on the basal TER of the monolayers, however, @entity1441 significantly augmented the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER. @entity9472 was shown to significantly activate @entity23417 and this activation by @entity9472 was prevented by @entity4286 . Inhibition of the p38 pathway by @entity1441 also resulted in activation of @entity23417 and this activation of @entity23417 was further enhanced by @entity9472 . No effect of @entity9472 or the inhibitors @entity4286 or @entity1441 on p38 phosphorylation was detected. CONCLUSION: The results presented here suggest that activation of the @entity23417 MAPK cascade is important in the regulation of the paracellular permeability in MDCK cells. Activation of this pathway appears to be pivotal to the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER.

title: Modulation of renal epithelial barrier function by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): mechanism of XXXX -induced increase in transepithelial resistance.

entities_list: @entity23417 :: ('477575(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2', 'ERK 1/2']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity37492 :: ('403856(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: Our hospital admitted 231 @entity1 with @entity1893 between June 1976 and November 1984. Review of these cases revealed the following profile: ages ranged from 1 to 70 years (median: 30 years), 156 males, predominantly @entity1 and adolescents, and 75 females. Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma accounted for 40.6 per cent of all cases. Seventeen @entity1 (7 per cent) had @entity8462 . Fifteen @entity1 , predominantly male @entity1 and adolescents, had @entity981 and showed high association with mediastinal mass (47 per cent). @entity706 mostly of the diffuse histiocytic subtype were diagnosed in 100 cases (43.3 per cent) and most frequently situated in the small intestine (59 cases). @entity2109 --32 @entity1 (14 per cent)--presented most often in male @entity1 during the first decade of life and as an abdominal intestinal disease (19 cases). There were four cases of Mediterranean @entity706 ( @entity9314 ). @entity1893 in Jordanians are mostly of the diffuse histiocytic type, are rarely nodular, have a high frequency of extranodal involvement and tend to occur in younger age groups. Mediterranean @entity706 is less frequent than previously thought. The use of both of the Rappaport and Lukes-Collins classifications demonstrated a high degree of reproducibility.

title: XXXX in Jordanians: a histopathological study of 231 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Extranodal lymphomas', 'abdominal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['nodular lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: Observation and immobilization is adequate for most @entity1 with spinal @entity1712 ; however, in @entity1 with symptomatic lesions, treatment other than simple observation or biopsy alone is recommended. In view of the benign clinical course of @entity1712 , a simple, minimally invasive, outpatient treatment with a low complication rate such as computed tomography (CT)-guided intralesional corticosteroid injection may be considered the treatment of choice. This article presents a case of a 21-year-old @entity1 with a symptomatic bifocal @entity1712 at the vertebral body of the L3 vertebra and the left T5 costovertebral joint treated effectively by CT-guided intralesional @entity1667 injection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of successful treatment of a bifocal @entity1712 with CT-guided corticosteroid injection. Under general anesthesia and CT guidance, the lesion was located through the right transpedicular approach for the L3 lesion and the left posterolateral approach for the T5 lesion using a biopsy trocar. Tissue sample was retrieved and frozen section biopsy showed @entity1712 . One intralesional CT-guided injection of 80 mg (2 mL) of @entity8745 was performed in each lesion. Complications related to the procedure were not observed. The @entity1 was admitted postprocedural for overnight medical evaluation and was discharged from the hospital the next day. Complete resolution of @entity158 was observed 72 hours after the procedure. At 5 years after diagnosis and treatment, the @entity1 is asymptomatic; imaging showed healing of both lesions.

title: Successful treatment of a bifocal XXXX of the spine with CT-guided corticosteroid injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone acetate']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship of voiding dysfunction type and the lesion site in @entity1 with @entity15 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voiding dysfunction was evaluated in 32 @entity1 with @entity15 using the International Prostate Symptom Score and urodynamic tests. Lesion sites were determined by combined neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: Compared with reports from Western countries the ratio of emptying-to-filling symptoms was high in Japan. Of urinary symptoms only filling correlated with disability status and disease duration. Urinary symptoms were not related to lesion sites. Urodynamic evaluation revealed @entity427 in 14 of 32 @entity1 , @entity427 or @entity4894 in 12, @entity427 with @entity73 in 4, a @entity1494 in 1 and normal function in 1. Of 14 @entity1 with @entity427 13 had overactive sphincter concurrently. Incompetent sphincter was identified in 2 @entity1 who had @entity427 with @entity73 and in 1 with a @entity1494 . A significant correlation was noted for a pontine lesion and @entity427 , and for a cervical @entity602 and detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2182 are indicative of a pontine and cervical @entity602 , respectively. Thus, the lesion site in the central nervous system may be a major determinant of the type of bladder and urethral @entity1690 . The high prevalence of emptying symptoms in Japanese @entity1 may reflect the prevalence of @entity2182 .

title: Relationship of @entity1494 to lesion site in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['low compliance bladder']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired contractility', 'impaired contractile function']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesion', 'cord lesion']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyporeflexia and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia', 'Detrusor hyporeflexia and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia', 'detrusor hyporeflexia', 'hyperreflexia', 'hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship of voiding dysfunction type and the lesion site in @entity1 with @entity15 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voiding dysfunction was evaluated in 32 @entity1 with @entity15 using the International Prostate Symptom Score and urodynamic tests. Lesion sites were determined by combined neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: Compared with reports from Western countries the ratio of emptying-to-filling symptoms was high in Japan. Of urinary symptoms only filling correlated with disability status and disease duration. Urinary symptoms were not related to lesion sites. Urodynamic evaluation revealed @entity427 in 14 of 32 @entity1 , @entity427 or @entity4894 in 12, @entity427 with @entity73 in 4, a @entity1494 in 1 and normal function in 1. Of 14 @entity1 with @entity427 13 had overactive sphincter concurrently. Incompetent sphincter was identified in 2 @entity1 who had @entity427 with @entity73 and in 1 with a @entity1494 . A significant correlation was noted for a pontine lesion and @entity427 , and for a cervical @entity602 and detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2182 are indicative of a pontine and cervical @entity602 , respectively. Thus, the lesion site in the central nervous system may be a major determinant of the type of bladder and urethral @entity1690 . The high prevalence of emptying symptoms in Japanese @entity1 may reflect the prevalence of @entity2182 .

title: Relationship of XXXX to lesion site in @entity15 .

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder dysfunction']


abstract: @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ), that is, retarded conditioning to a stimulus following its nonreinforced pre-exposure, is impaired in some subsets of @entity161 @entity1 and in @entity4944 -treated @entity35 . Potentiation of @entity9178 by @entity734 ( @entity734 ) given in conditioning, under conditions that do not lead to @entity9178 in controls, is a well-established index of antipsychotic activity. Recently, we have shown that the atypical APD, @entity1088 , in addition disrupts @entity9178 if administered in pre-exposure, under conditions that lead to @entity9178 in controls. This study demonstrates the same behavioral profile for the atypical APD @entity1090 . @entity9178 was measured in a thirst-motivated conditioned emotional response procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone previously paired with a foot shock in @entity35 that received nonreinforced exposure to the tone prior to conditioning (pre-exposed (PE)) and @entity35 for whom the tone was novel (non-pre-exposed (NPE)). We show that under conditions that did not yield @entity9178 in vehicle controls (40 pre-exposures and five conditioning trials), @entity1090 (0.25, 0.5, and 1.2 mg/kg) led to @entity9178 when administered in conditioning. Under conditions that led to @entity9178 in vehicle controls (40 pre-exposures and two conditioning trials), @entity1090 (0.25, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg) abolished @entity9178 when administered in pre-exposure; the latter effect was not evident with @entity1767 . In addition, the effects of @entity1090 administered in both the pre-exposure and conditioning stages were dose-dependent so that the pre-exposure-based action was manifested at lower but not at higher doses. It is concluded that atypical @entity734 exert in the @entity9178 model a dual pattern of effects, which enables detection of their 'typical' action (conditioning-based @entity9178 potentiation) as well as a dissociation from typical @entity734 by their 'atypical' action (pre-exposure-based @entity952 ). It is suggested that the former and latter effects are subserved by D2 and 5HT2A antagonism, respectively.

title: Disruption and potentiation of latent inhibition by XXXX : the latent inhibition model of atypical antipsychotic action.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'Latent inhibition']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['LI disruption']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['antipsychotic drugs', 'APDs']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The high risk of perpetrating physical dating violence, bullying, and @entity458 by adolescents exposed to domestic violence points to the need for programs to prevent these types of @entity146 among this group. This study of adolescents exposed to domestic violence examined whether these forms of @entity146 share risk factors that could be targeted for change in single programs designed to prevent all three types of @entity146 . Analyses were conducted on 399 mother victims of domestic violence and their adolescents, recruited through community advertising. The adolescents ranged in age from 12 to 16  years; 64  % were female. Generalized estimating equations was used to control for the covariation among the @entity146 types when testing for shared risk factors. Approximately 70  % of the adolescents reported perpetrating at least one of the three forms of @entity146 . In models examining one risk factor at a time, but controlling for demographics, adolescent acceptance of @entity458 , mother-adolescent discord, family conflict, low maternal monitoring, low mother-adolescent closeness, low family cohesion, @entity308 affect, feelings of anger, and anger reactivity were shared across all three @entity146 types. In multivariable models, which included all of the risk factors examined and the demographic variables, low maternal monitoring, @entity308 affect and anger reactivity remained significant shared risk factors. Our findings suggest that programs targeting these risk factors for change have the potential to prevent all three forms of @entity146 . In multivariable models, poor conflict management skills was a risk for bullying and @entity458 , but not dating violence; acceptance of dating violence was a risk for dating violence and bullying, but not @entity458 ; and none of the examined risk factors were unique to @entity146 type. The study's implications for the development of interventions and future research are discussed.

title: Shared Risk Factors for the Perpetration of Physical Dating Violence, Bullying, and XXXX Among Adolescents Exposed to Domestic Violence.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual harassment', 'sexual violence']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Sexual Harassment']


abstract: Preoperative axillary ultrasound (USS) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) may allow diagnosis of axillary metastases and reduce repeat axillary procedures. This procedure is usually performed by radiologists. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon performed axillary USS and/or FNAC in determining axillary nodal status preoperatively. @entity1 with @entity0 from August 2007 to July 2008 were studied prospectively. @entity1 who had primary hormonal therapy, neo-adjuvant therapy or distant metastases were excluded. Axillary USS was performed by two consultant breast surgeons trained in ultrasound and biopsy techniques. USS guided FNAC was used to evaluate suspicious nodes. Those with positive cytology (i.e., malignant cells) underwent axillary clearance and the remainder had either sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary node sample. Axillary USS and FNAC results were compared with final axillary histology. One hundred and twenty eight @entity1 were included with a mean age of 60   years. Nodes were nonpalpable in 96(75%) @entity1 . Forty nine(38.2%) @entity1 had axillary metastases on final histology and 30 of the 49(61%) were identified by preoperative USS guided FNAC. The sensitivity and specificity of this procedure were 61% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 80.6%, respectively. Therefore, 61% of @entity1 with axillary metastases were able to proceed directly to definitive axillary surgery. The use of USS and FNAC to evaluate and sample the axillary nodes in @entity1 with @entity0 can be a useful tool for the breast surgeon.

title: Axillary ultrasound in XXXX : experience of our surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast cancer']