abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of @entity540 during the wound healing of @entity1 fetal and adult skin and its significance. METHODS: We established the animal model of fetal scarless healing by transplanting full-thickness skin grafts from @entity1 fetus to a subcutaneous location on the athymic @entity19 recipient, and then making the linear incisions. The expression of @entity540 was observed in the normal adult skin, normal fetal skin and during wound healing by immunohistochemical method. The positive staining cells were counted under selected high-power focus randomly. RESULTS: @entity540 staining was not observed in the normal fetal skin and the wounded one. However, strongly positive staining was shown around the vessels in normal adult skin. Moreover, the positive straining became stronger in the wounded skin, especially in dermal fibroblasts and endotheliocytes. The number of positive staining cell was 2.1 +/- 0.1 in normal fetal skin, and 2.2 +/- 0.1, 2.1 +/- 0.3, 2.1 +/- 0.3 and 2.0 +/- 0.1 in the fetal skins after 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days of wound respectively. The number of positive staining cell were 23.2 +/- 4.2 in normal adult skin and 40.5 +/- 3.6 in the wound adult skin. There was significant difference between the fetal skin and adult skin (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The negative expression of @entity540 in the fetal skin may be one of the important reasons for fetal scarless healing.

title: [Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor during wound healing of XXXX fetal and adult skin and its significance].

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the effect of trabeculectomy on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations in @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis. @entity1 : A total of 55 eyes of 55 @entity1538 @entity1 who had a @entity231 surgery alone or in combination with trabeculectomy. METHODS: We classified @entity1538 subjects into the following groups based on surgical history: only @entity231 surgery (OC), @entity231 surgery after prior trabeculectomy (CAT), and @entity231 surgery performed in combination with trabeculectomy (CCT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between actual and predicted postoperative @entity2516 . RESULTS: Mean error (ME, difference between postoperative and predicted SE) in the CCT group was significantly lower (towards @entity1714 ) than that of the OC group (p   =   0.008). Additionally, mean absolute error (MAE, absolute value of ME) in the CAT group was significantly greater than in the OC group (p   =   0.006). Using linear mixed models, the ME calculated with the @entity6755 II formula was more accurate than the ME predicted by the @entity6755 T formula in the CAT (p   =   0.032) and CCT (p   =   0.035) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The IOL power prediction accuracy was lower in the CAT and CCT groups than in the OC group. The prediction error was greater in the CAT group than in the OC group, and the direction of the prediction error tended to be towards @entity1714 in the CCT group. The @entity6755 II formula may be more accurate in predicting residual @entity231 and CCT groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effect of trabeculectomy on the accuracy of intraocular lens calculations in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error in the CAT', 'cataract']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the effect of trabeculectomy on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations in @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis. @entity1 : A total of 55 eyes of 55 @entity1538 @entity1 who had a @entity231 surgery alone or in combination with trabeculectomy. METHODS: We classified @entity1538 subjects into the following groups based on surgical history: only @entity231 surgery (OC), @entity231 surgery after prior trabeculectomy (CAT), and @entity231 surgery performed in combination with trabeculectomy (CCT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between actual and predicted postoperative @entity2516 . RESULTS: Mean error (ME, difference between postoperative and predicted SE) in the CCT group was significantly lower (towards @entity1714 ) than that of the OC group (p   =   0.008). Additionally, mean absolute error (MAE, absolute value of ME) in the CAT group was significantly greater than in the OC group (p   =   0.006). Using linear mixed models, the ME calculated with the @entity6755 II formula was more accurate than the ME predicted by the @entity6755 T formula in the CAT (p   =   0.032) and CCT (p   =   0.035) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The IOL power prediction accuracy was lower in the CAT and CCT groups than in the OC group. The prediction error was greater in the CAT group than in the OC group, and the direction of the prediction error tended to be towards @entity1714 in the CCT group. The @entity6755 II formula may be more accurate in predicting residual @entity231 and CCT groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effect of trabeculectomy on the accuracy of intraocular lens calculations in XXXX with @entity1538 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Determining the existence of syndrome-specific genetic factors in @entity302 is essential for phenotype definition in genetic linkage studies, and informs research on basic mechanisms. Analysis of concordance of @entity302 syndromes in families has been used to assess shared versus distinct genetic influences on generalized @entity302 (GE) and @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). However, it is unclear how the results should be interpreted in relation to specific @entity74 . METHODS: To assess evidence for distinct genetic influences on GE and @entity1625 , we examined concordance of GE and @entity1625 in 63 families containing multiple individuals with @entity3762 , drawn from the Epilepsy Family Study of Columbia University. To control for the number of concordant families expected by chance, we used a permutation test to compare the observed number with the number expected from the distribution of individuals with GE and @entity1625 in the study families. RESULTS: Of the families, 62% were concordant for @entity302 type, and 38% were discordant. In all analyses, the proportion of concordant families was significantly greater than expected. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that some genetic influences predispose specifically to either GE or @entity1625 . Because of the ascertainment bias resulting from the selection of families containing multiple individuals with @entity302 , we could not test whether there are also shared genetic influences on these two @entity302 subtypes. Population-based studies will be needed to explore these results further.

title: Evidence for distinct genetic influences on generalized and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic hypotheses']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['localization-related epilepsy', 'LRE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['localization-related epilepsy']


abstract: The induction of @entity11920 in testes and liver and the presence of trifluoroacetylated ( @entity13799 ) adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma were investigated in @entity35 subchronically exposed by inhalation to @entity1508 (15 ppm/4 h/day/5 days/week/9 weeks). After @entity1508 exposure, @entity11921 hydroxylase (p-NPH) activity increased 3.2-fold and @entity11920 apo-protein content 7-fold in testes, whereas in liver, p-NPH increased 2.3-fold and @entity11920 apoprotein content 1.4-fold. These results suggest a differential inductive effect of @entity1508 on @entity11920 in these tissues. Moreover, @entity13799 adducts were present in microsomes of testis and liver and in plasma of @entity1508 -treated @entity35 . The immunoblot analysis of testicular microsomes showed two intense @entity13799 protein bands of 63 and 59 kDa, whereas in liver three intense bands of 100, 76 and 63 kDa were observed. Bands of similar molecular weights to those observed in liver were detected in the plasma of @entity1508 -treated animals. In addition, @entity13799 adducts were detected by immunofluorescence in spermatozoa, probably in the acrosome and/or perinuclear theca region, and in the distal tail of spermatozoa. The increase in @entity11920 apoprotein and p-NPH activity observed in testis and liver microsomes suggests that @entity1508 induces its own biotransformation both hepatically and extrahepatically and in addition, that the nature of the @entity13799 adducts will depend on the proteins present in each tissue. Also, the presence of @entity13799 adducts in spermatozoa may result from the activation of @entity1508 in the reproductive tract. The detailed mechanism of @entity13799 adduct formation and its consequences on the spermatozoa function remain to be fully clarified.

title: Trifluoroacetylated adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma and XXXX induction in @entity35 after subchronic inhalatory exposure to @entity1508 .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenol']

answer: @entity11920 :: (25086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CYP2E1']


abstract: The induction of @entity11920 in testes and liver and the presence of trifluoroacetylated ( @entity13799 ) adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma were investigated in @entity35 subchronically exposed by inhalation to @entity1508 (15 ppm/4 h/day/5 days/week/9 weeks). After @entity1508 exposure, @entity11921 hydroxylase (p-NPH) activity increased 3.2-fold and @entity11920 apo-protein content 7-fold in testes, whereas in liver, p-NPH increased 2.3-fold and @entity11920 apoprotein content 1.4-fold. These results suggest a differential inductive effect of @entity1508 on @entity11920 in these tissues. Moreover, @entity13799 adducts were present in microsomes of testis and liver and in plasma of @entity1508 -treated @entity35 . The immunoblot analysis of testicular microsomes showed two intense @entity13799 protein bands of 63 and 59 kDa, whereas in liver three intense bands of 100, 76 and 63 kDa were observed. Bands of similar molecular weights to those observed in liver were detected in the plasma of @entity1508 -treated animals. In addition, @entity13799 adducts were detected by immunofluorescence in spermatozoa, probably in the acrosome and/or perinuclear theca region, and in the distal tail of spermatozoa. The increase in @entity11920 apoprotein and p-NPH activity observed in testis and liver microsomes suggests that @entity1508 induces its own biotransformation both hepatically and extrahepatically and in addition, that the nature of the @entity13799 adducts will depend on the proteins present in each tissue. Also, the presence of @entity13799 adducts in spermatozoa may result from the activation of @entity1508 in the reproductive tract. The detailed mechanism of @entity13799 adduct formation and its consequences on the spermatozoa function remain to be fully clarified.

title: Trifluoroacetylated adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma and @entity11920 induction in @entity35 after subchronic inhalatory exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: The induction of @entity11920 in testes and liver and the presence of trifluoroacetylated ( @entity13799 ) adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma were investigated in @entity35 subchronically exposed by inhalation to @entity1508 (15 ppm/4 h/day/5 days/week/9 weeks). After @entity1508 exposure, @entity11921 hydroxylase (p-NPH) activity increased 3.2-fold and @entity11920 apo-protein content 7-fold in testes, whereas in liver, p-NPH increased 2.3-fold and @entity11920 apoprotein content 1.4-fold. These results suggest a differential inductive effect of @entity1508 on @entity11920 in these tissues. Moreover, @entity13799 adducts were present in microsomes of testis and liver and in plasma of @entity1508 -treated @entity35 . The immunoblot analysis of testicular microsomes showed two intense @entity13799 protein bands of 63 and 59 kDa, whereas in liver three intense bands of 100, 76 and 63 kDa were observed. Bands of similar molecular weights to those observed in liver were detected in the plasma of @entity1508 -treated animals. In addition, @entity13799 adducts were detected by immunofluorescence in spermatozoa, probably in the acrosome and/or perinuclear theca region, and in the distal tail of spermatozoa. The increase in @entity11920 apoprotein and p-NPH activity observed in testis and liver microsomes suggests that @entity1508 induces its own biotransformation both hepatically and extrahepatically and in addition, that the nature of the @entity13799 adducts will depend on the proteins present in each tissue. Also, the presence of @entity13799 adducts in spermatozoa may result from the activation of @entity1508 in the reproductive tract. The detailed mechanism of @entity13799 adduct formation and its consequences on the spermatozoa function remain to be fully clarified.

title: Trifluoroacetylated adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma and @entity11920 induction in XXXX after subchronic inhalatory exposure to @entity1508 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A second allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is an important therapeutic consideration for @entity1 relapsing after their first. We conducted a retrospective review of 41 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1778 that underwent a second allo-HCT at our institution. Overall, 53.7 and 43.9  % of @entity1 were alive and disease-free at 1 and 5  years, respectively, after the second allo-HCT. The factors affecting outcome by both univariate and multivariate analysis were interval between transplants and the use of a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen prior to second transplant. Outcomes were inferior in @entity1 who received their second transplant <6  months from their first HCT when compared to @entity1 in whom the interval between HCTs was 6-12 or more than 12  months. Interval between HCTs was also significant when each @entity1778 ( @entity981 ( @entity981 ) n   =   21, @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) n   =   11, and @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) n   =   7) was analyzed separately. In univariate analysis, use of the same donor and use of a matched sibling donor resulted in significant improved outcome. There was not a significant association between disease-free survival (DFS) and age, remission status, use of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) before second HCT, or @entity1778 . Second allogeneic HCT can be a curative therapeutic option for @entity1778 @entity1 relapsing after their first transplant. As more targeted therapies have become available, @entity1 that relapse after first HCT are more likely to achieve remission. Therefore, it is anticipated that there will be more candidates for second HCT with improved performance and remission status, ultimately leading to a better outcome with the second HCT.

title: Factors associated with improved outcomes after second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsed pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['type of leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee have @entity425 and @entity121 ( @entity121 ). While total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reliably reduces @entity158 and improves function in @entity1 with knee @entity571 , @entity425 persists after surgery. The purpose of this investigation was to assess contributions of @entity121 to @entity425 before and after TKA and to assess the effect of @entity158 on @entity121 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with unilateral, end-stage, primary knee @entity571 were tested an average of 10 days before and 26 days after TKA. The mean age at time of operation was 63 years (range 49-82 years). Measurements on the involved and uninvolved knees were performed using the burst-superimposition technique, where supramaximal electrical stimulation is superimposed on a @entity2472 . Knee @entity158 during contraction was measured using a numeric rating scale. RESULTS: The involved quadriceps were significantly weaker than the uninvolved prior to TKA (p<0.05). Quadriceps strength decreased by 60% (p<0.001) and activation decreased 17% (p<0.001) after TKA. Changes in muscle activation accounted for 65% of the variability in the change in quadriceps strength (r(2)=0.65) (p<0.001). Knee @entity158 during muscle contraction accounted for a small, but significant portion of the change in voluntary activation (r(2)=0.22) (p=0.006). DISCUSSION: Exercise regimens that emphasize strong muscle contraction and clinical tools that facilitate muscle activation like biofeedback and neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be necessary to reverse the quadriceps activation failure and weakness in the @entity1 with knee @entity571 that worsens after TKA. The failure of current rehabilitation regimens to directly address activation deficits within the first months after surgery may explain the persistent @entity425 in @entity1 after TKA.

title: Quadriceps strength and volitional activation before and after total knee arthroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps weakness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'arthrogenous muscle inhibition']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Current methods for @entity174 treatment in @entity170 are not always sufficient. To develop new fixation strategies (both mechanical and biological) requires pre-clinical testing utilizing appropriate models. The aim of this study was to apply a recently developed @entity742 model of @entity170 to the study of healing in a @entity79 . A standardized transverse mid-shaft tibial osteotomy (with a @entity174 gap of 3 mm) was performed in seven @entity3604 and seven normal @entity742 and stabilized with a special external fixator for 8 weeks. The fixator was used for weekly in vivo bending stiffness measurements. Ex vivo bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the callus zone were also determined. Callus area, callus density, and @entity170 status were determined at 0, 4, and 8 weeks using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The increase of in vivo bending stiffness of the callus was delayed approximately 2 weeks in @entity3604 . A significant difference (33%) in torsional stiffness was found between the osteotomized and contralateral intact tibia in @entity3604 , but no significant difference occurred in normal @entity742 (2%). In @entity3604 , ex vivo bending stiffness was reduced 21% (p=0.05). Bending stiffness was correlated with callus density (r=0.76, r=0.53); torsional stiffness was correlated with callus area (r=0.60) and to a lesser extent with callus density (r=0.53). This study demonstrated a delay of @entity174 healing in @entity3604 @entity742 tibiae with respect to callus formation, mineralization, and mechanical properties.

title: Biomechanical evaluation of healing in a non-critical defect in a large animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic animals', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['non-critical long bone defect']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND; Ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval is often performed under local anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the @entity158 experience of a newly designed @entity146 ( @entity146 ) compared with a thicker standard needle (SN). METHODS: A prospective, randomized, multi-centre study was performed at four different clinics from June to December 2009. The oocyte aspiration was performed under local anaesthesia, either with a needle with a reduced diameter (0.9 mm) for the last 50 mm from the tip ( @entity146 ) or with a SN (1.4 mm). A total of 257 @entity1 were randomized ( @entity146 : n = 129; SN: n = 128). The primary endpoint was the @entity158 experience self-assessed and registered by the @entity1 on a visual analogue scale (VAS 0 mm = no @entity158 to 100 mm = unbearable @entity158 ) immediately after the oocyte retrieval. Secondary end-points such as @entity3556 and several embryological parameters were also registered. RESULTS: The @entity158 during the oocyte retrieval procedure was significantly lower in the @entity146 group than in the SN group (mean 21.0 mm, SD 17.5 mm and median 19.0 mm versus mean 26.0 mm, SD 19.9 mm and median 24.0 mm; P = 0.040, difference between groups mean-5.0 mm, 95% CI: 9.7 to-0.4). This was also true when adjusting for baseline characteristics such as number of follicles, number of previous oocyte pick-up, body mass index and age, by a multiple linear regression analysis. Significantly more @entity1 (40 of 126) had less than expected @entity3556 in the @entity146 group when compared with the SN group (24 of 124; 32 versus 19%; P = 0.03 and 95% CI 1.7-23.0%). No differences were found between the two needles with regard to additional i.v. @entity1337 , aspiration time, oocyte recovery, fertilization, cleavage rate, number of good quality embryos, number of embryos for freezing and pregnancy rate. CONCLUSIONS: Oocyte aspiration performed with the newly designed thinner-tipped needle resulted in significantly less @entity158 and less @entity3556 , without prolonging the retrieval procedure or influence the oocyte recovery rate, when compared with a SN. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00924885.

title: A randomized controlled study comparing XXXX experience between a newly designed needle with a thin tip and a standard needle for oocyte aspiration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced needle', 'RN']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['overall pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Fifty-six @entity1 , 10 to 66 years of age, with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) or end-stage @entity6582 vera or @entity4407 received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants from related (n = 36) or unrelated (n = 20) donors. Forty-four @entity1 were prepared with @entity1863 plus @entity786 and 12 with total body irradiation plus chemotherapy. The source of stem cells was marrow in 33 and peripheral blood in 23 @entity1 . All but 3 @entity1 achieved engraftment. While 50 @entity1 showed complete donor chimerism, 3 @entity1 were found to be mixed chimeras at 26, 48, and 86 months after transplantation, respectively. Two @entity1 died from relapse/progressive disease, and 18 died from other causes. There are 36 @entity1 surviving at 0.5 to 11.6 (median, 2.8) years, for a 3-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of 58% (CI, 43%-73%). Dupriez score, cytogenetic abnormalities, and degree of marrow @entity82 were the most significant risk factors for posttransplantation mortality. @entity1 conditioned with a regimen of @entity1863 targeted to plasma levels of 800 to 900 ng/mL plus @entity786 had a higher probability of survival (76% [CI, 62%-91%]) than other @entity1 . Results with unrelated donors were comparable with those with HLA-identical sibling transplants. Thus, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation offers long-term relapse-free survival for @entity1 with @entity4018 .

title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic myelofibrosis', 'myelofibrosis', 'IMF']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocythemia']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: In @entity4310 families with an identified @entity5 associated mutation, mutation testing changes the carrier risk status of the tested @entity1 and may change the carrier risk status of relatives. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the change in the distribution of carrier risk status resulting from testing in @entity5344 ( @entity5344 ) and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) families. DESIGN: This was an observational cohort study. @entity1 : The cohort included members of 75 @entity5344 and 47 @entity14 families. Of the 10 910 cohort members, 1408 were tested for a mutation and learned their test results. OUTCOME MEASURE: Carrier risk for all cohort members was assessed before and after mutation testing. RESULTS: There was a change in carrier risk status in 2906 subjects after testing of 1408 family members. The most common type of carrier risk change, from at risk to non-carrier status, accounted for 77% of the risk changes; 12% were a change to known carrier status from a lower risk. Sixty percent of @entity1 with a carrier risk status change were not themselves tested; their risk status changed because of a relative's test result. CONCLUSIONS: Carrier risk status changes from uncertainty to certainty (that is, to carrier or to non-carrier) account for 89% of risk changes resulting from testing. These risk changes affect @entity5 prevention recommendations, most commonly reducing their burden. Current practices do not ensure that untested family members are informed about changes in their carrier risk status which result from mutation testing of their relatives.

title: Carrier risk status changes resulting from mutation testing in @entity14 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['HBOC', 'hereditary breast-ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer syndrome']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['hereditary breast-ovarian cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: In @entity4310 families with an identified @entity5 associated mutation, mutation testing changes the carrier risk status of the tested @entity1 and may change the carrier risk status of relatives. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the change in the distribution of carrier risk status resulting from testing in @entity5344 ( @entity5344 ) and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) families. DESIGN: This was an observational cohort study. @entity1 : The cohort included members of 75 @entity5344 and 47 @entity14 families. Of the 10 910 cohort members, 1408 were tested for a mutation and learned their test results. OUTCOME MEASURE: Carrier risk for all cohort members was assessed before and after mutation testing. RESULTS: There was a change in carrier risk status in 2906 subjects after testing of 1408 family members. The most common type of carrier risk change, from at risk to non-carrier status, accounted for 77% of the risk changes; 12% were a change to known carrier status from a lower risk. Sixty percent of @entity1 with a carrier risk status change were not themselves tested; their risk status changed because of a relative's test result. CONCLUSIONS: Carrier risk status changes from uncertainty to certainty (that is, to carrier or to non-carrier) account for 89% of risk changes resulting from testing. These risk changes affect @entity5 prevention recommendations, most commonly reducing their burden. Current practices do not ensure that untested family members are informed about changes in their carrier risk status which result from mutation testing of their relatives.

title: Carrier risk status changes resulting from mutation testing in XXXX and @entity5344 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 occurs in 6% of @entity1378 @entity1 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity1378 -related @entity712 have @entity1002 . Thus, @entity67 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1378 (39    2 years, 47 @entity1 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity1 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity67 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity67 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity1 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity67 in @entity1378 @entity1 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity1 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity1 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity1378 . Among @entity1 <40 years, @entity1378 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5691 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity1378 @entity1 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity1378 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity67 in older @entity1378 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1378 is associated with @entity67 , particularly in older @entity1 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: @entity1378 -induced @entity1002 : implication in @entity1378 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 occurs in 6% of @entity1378 @entity1 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity1378 -related @entity712 have @entity1002 . Thus, @entity67 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1378 (39    2 years, 47 @entity1 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity1 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity67 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity67 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity1 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity67 in @entity1378 @entity1 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity1 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity1 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity1378 . Among @entity1 <40 years, @entity1378 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5691 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity1378 @entity1 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity1378 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity67 in older @entity1378 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1378 is associated with @entity67 , particularly in older @entity1 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: @entity1378 -induced XXXX : implication in @entity1378 -related @entity712 .

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 occurs in 6% of @entity1378 @entity1 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity1378 -related @entity712 have @entity1002 . Thus, @entity67 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1378 (39    2 years, 47 @entity1 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity1 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity67 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity67 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity1 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity67 in @entity1378 @entity1 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity1 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity1 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity1378 . Among @entity1 <40 years, @entity1378 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5691 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity1378 @entity1 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity1378 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity67 in older @entity1378 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1378 is associated with @entity67 , particularly in older @entity1 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: XXXX -induced @entity1002 : implication in @entity1378 -related @entity712 .

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['Hyperthyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 occurs in 6% of @entity1378 @entity1 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity1378 -related @entity712 have @entity1002 . Thus, @entity67 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1378 (39    2 years, 47 @entity1 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity1 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity67 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity67 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity1 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity67 in @entity1378 @entity1 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity1 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity1 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity1378 . Among @entity1 <40 years, @entity1378 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5691 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity1378 @entity1 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity1378 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity67 in older @entity1378 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1378 is associated with @entity67 , particularly in older @entity1 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: @entity1378 -induced @entity1002 : implication in XXXX -related @entity712 .

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of HLA mismatched hemopietic stem cell transplants for the treatment of @entity1778 . METHODS: Between July 2000 and December 2001, seven @entity1 received hemopietic stem cell transplants(HSCT) with HLA mismatched family donors, including 3 @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), 3 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and 1 @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Stem cell sources were bone marrow(n = 1) or @entity1261 mobilized peripheral blood (n = 6). All the @entity1 were conditioned with busulfan (BU) 12 mg.kg-1 and cyclophosphamide (CY) 3.6 g.m-2, of whom 4 were conditioned with additioned antithymocyte globulin(ATG). @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis regimen consisted of cyclosporin-A (CSA), methotrexate (MTX) and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF). RESULTS: One @entity1 received 3.41 x 10(8) kg-1 mononuclear cells(MNC) from bone marrow; six @entity1 received a mean number of 8.46 x 10(8) kg-1 (4.3 x 10(8)-15.4 x 10(8) kg-1) MNC from peripheral blood. The mean time of ANC > 0.5 x 10(9) @entity5022 was day 13 (11-16), and BPC > 20.0 x 10(9) @entity5022 was day 16 (11-23). All the @entity1 got engraftment successfully and attained CR. Acute I-II @entity2132 occurred in 3(42.9%) @entity1 , no acute III-IV @entity2132 occurred and extensive @entity2132 did in 2(28.6%) @entity1 . All the @entity1 were alive and well after 6-24 months' follow-up. CONCLUSION: (1) BU/CY plus ATG appears to be an effective conditioning regimen for HLA mismatched allogenic stem cell transplants. (2) @entity1261 mobilized peripheral blood stem cells may be the source of stem cells even for HLA mismatched hemopietic stem cell transplants.

title: [Human leukocyte antigen mismatched hemopietic stem cell transplants for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic GVHD', 'Graft versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Medically complex @entity1 who need @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair are at increased risk of mortality. We study the effects of interhospital transfer to high-volume hospitals (HVHs) on @entity260 and mortality after complications in these @entity1 . METHODS: Data for 491,779 @entity1 undergoing intact @entity1028 surgery were extracted using Medicare files. @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, hospital volume, repair type, and @entity1 transfer status were collected. Primary outcomes were @entity260 and failure to rescue within 30  days after surgery. Data were analyzed using multivariable and propensity analysis. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2011, the percentage of @entity1 transferred to another hospital for surgery before starting treatment more than doubled from .7% to 1.9% for @entity439 repair (EVAR; P  < .001) and from 1.2% to  3.7% for open repair (P  < .001). At baseline, transferred @entity1 had more @entity712 (18.7% vs 11.2%; P  < .001), coronary (17.4% vs 15.0%; P  < .001), pulmonary (38.3% vs 33.6%; P  < .001), and @entity177 (8.1% vs 4.6%; P  < .001) comorbidities. Transferred @entity1 incurred more complications after EVAR (25.1% vs 12.8%; P  < .001) or open repair (42.3% vs 35.5%; P  < .001). After propensity matching for comorbidities and demographics, there were fewer complication rates (40.4% vs 47.8%; P  < .001) and decreased failure to rescue (5.5% vs 6.5%; P  = .04) after open repair in  @entity1 transferred to HVHs than in @entity1 who remained at the primary, low-volume hospital for surgery. Complication rates after EVAR for nontransferred @entity1 at low-volume hospitals and transferred @entity1 at HVHs were similar (23.9% vs 24.7%; P  = .55). After propensity matching, there was no significant difference in failure to rescue (P  = .06) after EVAR between @entity1 transferred to HVHs and nontransferred @entity1 who had procedures at low-volume hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Transfer of medically complex @entity1 to HVHs for open @entity1028 repair improves outcomes in @entity1028 surgery. Complication rates decrease, and survival of transferred @entity1 increases when they undergo open repair at HVHs.

title: Interhospital transfer for intact XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: AIM: To identify the most effective manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) method for the initial endovascular management of acute @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) in the lower extremity using a phantom model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An acute @entity1150 phantom model was created by infusing a @entity291 acute @entity715 in a 20-mm diameter, 120-cm long plastic tube with banding of the distal portion. A total of 32 types of aspiration methods using combinations of two aspiration catheters (8 and 10 Fr), four syringes (10, 20, 40, and 50  ml), and four different aspiration methods (I, II, III, and IV) were performed. Each method was performed 10 times. The total weight of the aspirated @entity715 was measured and compared among the 32 aspiration methods. The aspiration methods were classified based on the length of the dynamic catheter withdrawal (0  cm [method I], 15  cm [II], 30  cm [III], or >45  cm [IV]) while maintaining continuous negative pressure using a syringe. Analysis of variance and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the total amount of aspirated @entity715 among the various types of aspiration catheters and syringes; however, different aspiration methods showed significantly different results. Acute @entity715 was most effectively aspirated by method IV irrespective of the catheter and syringe used. The longer the length of dynamic catheter withdrawal, the greater the amount of total thrombi that could be aspirated, irrespective of the type of aspiration catheter and syringe used (IV  >  III  >  II  >  I; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: MAT can be performed most effectively using method IV. Effective MAT relies on the length of the dynamic catheter withdrawal while maintaining continuous negative pressure using a syringe in the initial endovascular management of acute @entity1150 in the lower extremity.

title: A phantom model study to identify the most effective manual aspiration thrombectomy for acute XXXX of the lower extremity.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']


abstract: Three hundred fifty albinos in the city of Dar-es-Salaam have been registered at the @entity5 Centre. Their skin changes were followed for at least 2 years. Chronic skin damage was evident in all albinos by the first year of life; by 20 years, the skin of every subject demonstrated subclinical malignant change, and some had clinical @entity189 . Untreated, the @entity5 become intractable and disseminate, usually causing death in the third or fourth decade of life. Four clinical stages could be identified, each one associated with distinct pathologic changes: Stage 1, erythema; Stage 2, epidermal @entity194 with dermal @entity1184 ; Stage 3, @entity9284 ; and Stage 4, clinical @entity189 (under 3 cm). It was found that clinical Stage 2 only occurs in those skin areas that show evidence of previous Stage 1 change. Similarly, Stage 3 occurs only in areas that have gone through Stages 1 and 2. Stage 4 @entity5 were only found in those areas that had gone through all of the three prior stages. During the 2-year period of this study, 104 @entity1489 , both early and advanced, were recorded at the albino skin clinic. Thirty-three of the 104 @entity5 were advanced (over 4 cm in diameter). The median age of the latter group was 31.0 years. Whereas there was no sex bias in the distribution of clinical @entity5 , 28 of the 33 advanced @entity5 were in @entity1 . Histologically, the great majority of the advanced @entity5 were @entity957 : 29 of 33. There was one @entity320 and three basal cell @entity5 . The predominant site of advanced @entity5 in the study group was the head and neck region (30 @entity1 ); the other three occurred on the trunk, which is generally covered by clothes.

title: The Tanzanian XXXX albino skin. Natural history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['latter tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Tanzania Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epitheliomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['solar keratosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To determine the frequency of @entity340 , 174 @entity1 from birth to 18 years old (mean age 7.42+/-4.54 years), with structurally normal hearts were analyzed. Flow patterns across the four valves were examined by pulsed- (PW), continuous-wave (CW) and color Doppler. Regurgitation was detected in 59.7% of the valves. @entity997 ( @entity997 ) was most commonly found in 32.8% (n=57), @entity338 ( @entity338 ) in 17.2% (n=30), @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in 8.6% (n=15), and @entity337 ( @entity337 ) in 1.1% (n=2). The range of peak velocities of the regurgitant flow with CW were as follows: @entity997 :0.98-2.54 m/sec, @entity338 :0.50-1.80 m/sec, @entity339 :0.72-2.30 m/sec, and @entity337 :1.22-1.25 m/sec. The mean peak velocities of the regurgitant flow were similar with CW and PW measurements (p>0.05). The length of the regurgitant flow with color Doppler was less than 1 cm beyond the mitral and aortic valves. It reached up to 1.8 cm behind the pulmonary and 1.83 cm behind the tricuspid valves. Frequency of @entity340 was unchanged with age (p>0.05). @entity997 was more frequent in males (40.9% versus 23.5%; p=0.016). Regurgitation of tricuspid, pulmonary or mitral valves is relatively common in @entity1 with structurally normal hearts. @entity337 is scarce and the possible pathologic cause should always be carefully sought.

title: The Doppler echocardiographic assessment of XXXX in normal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation', 'PR']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'Tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular regurgitation']


abstract: To determine the frequency of @entity340 , 174 @entity1 from birth to 18 years old (mean age 7.42+/-4.54 years), with structurally normal hearts were analyzed. Flow patterns across the four valves were examined by pulsed- (PW), continuous-wave (CW) and color Doppler. Regurgitation was detected in 59.7% of the valves. @entity997 ( @entity997 ) was most commonly found in 32.8% (n=57), @entity338 ( @entity338 ) in 17.2% (n=30), @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in 8.6% (n=15), and @entity337 ( @entity337 ) in 1.1% (n=2). The range of peak velocities of the regurgitant flow with CW were as follows: @entity997 :0.98-2.54 m/sec, @entity338 :0.50-1.80 m/sec, @entity339 :0.72-2.30 m/sec, and @entity337 :1.22-1.25 m/sec. The mean peak velocities of the regurgitant flow were similar with CW and PW measurements (p>0.05). The length of the regurgitant flow with color Doppler was less than 1 cm beyond the mitral and aortic valves. It reached up to 1.8 cm behind the pulmonary and 1.83 cm behind the tricuspid valves. Frequency of @entity340 was unchanged with age (p>0.05). @entity997 was more frequent in males (40.9% versus 23.5%; p=0.016). Regurgitation of tricuspid, pulmonary or mitral valves is relatively common in @entity1 with structurally normal hearts. @entity337 is scarce and the possible pathologic cause should always be carefully sought.

title: The Doppler echocardiographic assessment of @entity340 in normal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A study on the localization of fetal and neonatal brain macrophages of @entity19 from embryonic day 10 (E10) to postnatal day 21 (P21) was carried out immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody against a macrophage differentiation antigen ( @entity3804 ) and the labeled avidin- @entity1885 technique. In the central nervous system, the macrophages recognized first were mainly located in the choroid plexuses of the fourth and lateral ventricles at @entity9072 . Their number increased at @entity5355 -P3 and gradually decreased thereafter. In the @entity1779 , a few macrophages appeared at @entity9072 in the matrix cell layer. They were also detected in the migrating zone at @entity9074 , @entity5355 and in the cortical plate at @entity5356 . Mapping of positive cells at the stage of neuroblast formation ( @entity9074 , @entity5355 , @entity5356 ) disclosed the precise distribution of cerebral macrophages. The macrophages that appeared first in the choroid plexuses at @entity9074 may be derived from the subarachnoid vessels, which extend into the stroma of the choroid plexuses when the matrix cell layer invaginates into the lateral ventricle to form the choroid plexuses. Almost all of the macrophages recognized in the @entity1779 disappeared at P9 when the cytoarchitecture seemed to be completed. In the cerebellum, which develops later than the cerebrum, macrophages appeared after birth and were located mainly in the internal granular layer. The brain macrophages always appeared in the regions where cell proliferation and brain remodeling are most active at each stage. These findings suggest that fetal and neonatal brain macrophages may play an important role in scavenging degenerated cells and cell debris during histogenesis of the central nervous system.

title: Appearance and distribution of fetal brain macrophages in XXXX . Immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral parenchyma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity32 is a crucial part of innate immune responses but, if imbalanced, can lead to serious clinical conditions or even death. Cytokines regulate @entity32 , and studies report their impact on clinical outcome. However, host and pathogen genetic backgrounds influence cytokine production, making it difficult to evaluate which inflammatory profiles (if any) relate to improved prognosis.Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a common @entity1 pathogen associated with asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage. Infrequently, it can lead to a wide range of diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. Studies show that both pneumococcal serotype and host genetic background affect the development of disease and contribute to variation in inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the impact of the host and pneumococcal genetic backgrounds on pulmonary cytokine responses and their relationship to animal survival. Two inbred @entity19 strains, BALB/c and CBA/ @entity9495 , were infected with 10 pneumococcal strains, and the concentrations of six pulmonary cytokines were measured at 6 h and 24 h postinfection. Collected data were analyzed by principal-component analysis to identify whether there is any pattern in the observed cytokine variation. Our results show that host-pneumococcus combination was at the core of observed variation in cytokine responses, yet the resulting cytokine profile discriminated only between survivors and fatalities but not @entity19 or pneumococcal strains used during infection. Therefore, our results indicate that although alternative inflammatory profiles are generated during @entity7706 , a common pattern emerged, which determined the clinical outcome of @entity7706 .

title: Variation in Inflammatory Response during XXXX Is Influenced by Host-Pathogen Interactions but Associated with Animal Survival.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection', 'pneumococcal infections']

answer: @entity7706 :: (MESH:D011008,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal Infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics, outcome, prognostic factors and survival of @entity1 with @entity2969 ( @entity2969 ). METHODS: 107 @entity2969 @entity1 received chemotherapy after orchiectomy. The median age of the @entity1 was 32 years. 30.8% (33/107) @entity1 had @entity4797 with 14 (42.4%) stage I lesions. Seventy-four @entity1 had non-seminomatous @entity2971 (NSGCTT) with 21 (28.4%) stage I lesions. The response rate was analyzed with chi(2) test. The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Therapy including chemotherapy, radiation and necessary salvage operation were performed after orchiectomy. RESULTS: Clinical stage and pathological type were the main prognostic factors. The 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 75.8%, 73.5%, 73.5% for all @entity1 , 100%, 96.8%, 96.8% for @entity4797 and 63.5%, 61.7%, 61.7% for NSGCTTs, respectively. Sixty-four @entity1 were evaluable for response. Seventeen (26.6%) @entity1 achieved CR by chemotherapy alone and an additional 8 @entity1 (12.5%) achieved CR by chemotherapy plus salvage operation or radiation. The 5-year survival rates were 91.7% and 26.2% for @entity1 who achieved CR or not. CONCLUSION: The long-term outcome for stage I @entity2971 is excellent. The treatment outcome and survival in @entity1 with metastatic @entity2969 can be greatly improved by adopting multi-modality therapy with combined chemotherapy as the chief means.

title: [Long-term results of multimodality therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors', 'TGCTs', 'TGCT']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity2969 :: (MESH:C563236,Disease) :: ['testicular germ cell tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity5 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity5 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity356 @entity1 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity694 @entity1 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity5 @entity1 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity5 @entity1 expressed high levels of @entity13796 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity855 to @entity8582 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity859 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity13796 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity859 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity859 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity859 receptors or @entity13796 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity5 @entity1 to migrate. @entity859 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity859 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity5 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity5 @entity1 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity5 .

title: Regulatory T cells from XXXX @entity1 express @entity13796 and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an @entity859 -dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity5 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity5 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity356 @entity1 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity694 @entity1 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity5 @entity1 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity5 @entity1 expressed high levels of @entity13796 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity855 to @entity8582 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity859 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity13796 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity859 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity859 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity859 receptors or @entity13796 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity5 @entity1 to migrate. @entity859 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity859 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity5 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity5 @entity1 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity5 .

title: Regulatory T cells from @entity694 @entity1 express @entity13796 and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an XXXX -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity5 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity5 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity356 @entity1 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity694 @entity1 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity5 @entity1 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity5 @entity1 expressed high levels of @entity13796 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity855 to @entity8582 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity859 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity13796 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity859 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity859 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity859 receptors or @entity13796 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity5 @entity1 to migrate. @entity859 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity859 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity5 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity5 @entity1 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity5 .

title: Regulatory T cells from @entity694 @entity1 express XXXX and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an @entity859 -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity13796 :: (953,Gene) :: ['CD39']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity5 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity5 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity356 @entity1 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity694 @entity1 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity5 @entity1 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity5 @entity1 expressed high levels of @entity13796 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity855 to @entity8582 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity859 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity13796 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity859 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity859 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity859 receptors or @entity13796 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity5 @entity1 to migrate. @entity859 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity859 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity5 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity5 @entity1 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity5 .

title: Regulatory T cells from @entity694 XXXX express @entity13796 and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an @entity859 -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce the procedure of carotid stenting, and to summary experiences of 55 cases. To study the theory and clinical significance of carotid stenting for @entity543 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with severe carotid @entity1856 stenoses were treated by stent implantation. Fifty-eight stents were implanted. Forty-one of these stents were Wallstent, 14 were Smart stents and 3 were OptiMed stents. Cerebral protection device was furnished for 18 @entity1 . RESULTS: During operation, there were 2 cases of small @entity64 and 2 cases of major @entity64 . One @entity1 suffered from @entity735 , who had a little signs after 3 months. Another @entity1 had @entity909 and right-side @entity912 and had a recovery in consciousness after salvage. The incidence of nervous system complications was 6.9%. Serious @entity64 rate was 3.5%. The incidence of circulatory system complications was 10.3%. Those @entity1 who received cerebral protection device did not have nervous complication. CONCLUSION: Carotid stenting is effective for the treatment of @entity543 . The experienced surgeon can make this procedure safe. The procedure's safety is enhanced by using cerebral protection device.

title: [Stenting for XXXX of 55 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness loss']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['left eye area deficit']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity227 in @entity1 of age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity13785 with occult @entity1940 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity227 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity227 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity227 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity548 and 4 eyes had @entity548 . The fundus @entity548 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity548 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity548 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of XXXX in @entity1 of age-related @entity1020 with occult @entity1940 ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhages', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual acuity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity227 in @entity1 of age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity13785 with occult @entity1940 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity227 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity227 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity227 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity548 and 4 eyes had @entity548 . The fundus @entity548 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity548 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity548 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of @entity227 in @entity1 of age-related XXXX with occult @entity1940 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity227 in @entity1 of age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity13785 with occult @entity1940 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity227 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity227 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity227 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity548 and 4 eyes had @entity548 . The fundus @entity548 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity548 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity548 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of @entity227 in @entity1 of age-related @entity1020 with occult XXXX ].

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity227 in @entity1 of age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity13785 with occult @entity1940 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity227 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity227 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity227 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity548 and 4 eyes had @entity548 . The fundus @entity548 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity548 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity1020 with @entity1940 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity548 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of @entity227 in XXXX of age-related @entity1020 with occult @entity1940 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Experimental and more limited clinical studies have suggested that @entity683 vaccination may depress the oxidative hepatic metabolism of various drugs and lead to @entity137 . The alleged mechanism is the formation of interferon and the resulting decrease in @entity12325 available for drug oxidation. Because of the clinical and basic science implications of these reports, we undertook to study the effects of @entity683 vaccine on the metabolism of three commonly used drugs: @entity8685 , @entity2544 , and @entity2934 . Our healthy male subjects were studied just before and 1 and 7 days after vaccination. As expected, @entity2934 metabolism, which proceeds by glucuronidation and not oxidation, was not altered by vaccination. Surprisingly, however, the oxidation of @entity8685 was also not depressed by the vaccine. @entity2544 oxidation, which proceeds primarily by microsomal oxidation (demethylation), was significantly decreased 1 day, but not 7 days, after vaccination. Serum alpha-interferon levels rose after vaccination for only about 8 hours, and levels of gamma-interferon rose to about 500 IU/ml at 24 hours, peaked at 72 hours, and returned to normal by 100 hours after dosing. It appeared that the higher the @entity2544 clearance before vaccination, the greater the degree of clearance @entity308 after vaccination. Thus the inhibition of drug oxidation after @entity683 vaccination is selective and each drug should be studied individually. The degree of @entity308 of @entity2544 clearance is small and transient and appears to be greater in subjects with higher prevaccination clearance.

title: Effects of XXXX virus vaccine on hepatic drug metabolism.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordiazepoxide']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity9498 and @entity9940 in treating Double J stent related symptoms. Methods. In a prospective study, 161 @entity1 with DJ related symptoms were randomized into 3 groups: Group A @entity1 (54), Group B @entity1 (53), and Group C @entity1 (54). They were given @entity9498 , @entity9940 , and placebo, respectively, at 1st week till removal of DJ stent at 3rd week. All @entity1 completed Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) at 1st week and at 3rd week. The statistical significant difference among groups was determined by the t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate analysis were used to assess association of the variables within the three groups, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. @entity9498 and @entity9940 were comparable in relieving urinary symptoms, general health, and work performance (OR = 0.65, 1.8, and 0.92). But @entity9498 was more effective in relieving body @entity158 , @entity458 , and additional problems than @entity9940 (OR = 5.95, 19.25, and 2.69) and was statistically significant as P < 0.05. Conclusion. @entity9498 was as effective as @entity9940 in relieving urinary symptom but more effective in relieving @entity2531 .

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of XXXX and @entity9940 in Relieving Double J Stent Related Symptoms.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual problems']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['Tadalafil']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['sexual symptoms and body pain']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9498 :: (MESH:C429886,Chemical) :: ['Tadalafil']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity9498 and @entity9940 in treating Double J stent related symptoms. Methods. In a prospective study, 161 @entity1 with DJ related symptoms were randomized into 3 groups: Group A @entity1 (54), Group B @entity1 (53), and Group C @entity1 (54). They were given @entity9498 , @entity9940 , and placebo, respectively, at 1st week till removal of DJ stent at 3rd week. All @entity1 completed Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) at 1st week and at 3rd week. The statistical significant difference among groups was determined by the t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate analysis were used to assess association of the variables within the three groups, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. @entity9498 and @entity9940 were comparable in relieving urinary symptoms, general health, and work performance (OR = 0.65, 1.8, and 0.92). But @entity9498 was more effective in relieving body @entity158 , @entity458 , and additional problems than @entity9940 (OR = 5.95, 19.25, and 2.69) and was statistically significant as P < 0.05. Conclusion. @entity9498 was as effective as @entity9940 in relieving urinary symptom but more effective in relieving @entity2531 .

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of @entity9498 and XXXX in Relieving Double J Stent Related Symptoms.

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['Tamsulosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of hypocaloric mixed diets with different proportions of @entity1735 , protein, and fat on resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: Three mixed hypocaloric diets were consumed in random order during separate periods lasting 7 d each. Between each dietary period there was a washout period of 10 d. @entity50335 had a higher proportion of energy from @entity1735 (72%), diet 2 had a higher proportion of energy from protein (43%), and diet 3 had a higher proportion of energy from fat (68%). Indirect calorimetry and lung function tests were done after the completion of each 7-d diet. @entity28 @entity1 , ages 22 to 45 y and with body mass indexes of 32 to 59 kg/m(2), participated in the study. @entity26 consumption, @entity544 production, resting metabolic rate, and the thermic effect of food by indirect calorimetry were measured. Lung function tests included spirometry in the seated and upright positions, arterial blood gas analysis, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food resulting from the three diets. The mean resting metabolic rates (kJ/d) were 7453 +/- 1446 for @entity50335 , 7461 +/- 1965 for diet 2, and 7076 +/- 2048 for diet 3. The mean thermic effects of food (kcal/min) were -0.02 +/- 0.07 for @entity50335 , -0.01 +/- 0.25 for diet 2, and 0.05 +/- 0.13 for diet 3. Lung function tests were normal before and after the hypocaloic diets: partial pressure of @entity26 (mmHg) values were 81 +/- 13, 77 +/- 8, and 78 +/- 11 for diets 1 to 3, respectively; and partial pressure of @entity544 (mmHg) were 37 +/- 4, 37 +/- 3, and 37 +/- 4 for diets 1 to 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity1 with normal lung function tests and consuming mixed hypocaloric diets showed no alteration in resting metabolic rate and a reduced or absent thermic effect of food independently of the macronutrient composition.

title: Effect of hypocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions on energy metabolism and lung function in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Seven obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of hypocaloric mixed diets with different proportions of @entity1735 , protein, and fat on resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: Three mixed hypocaloric diets were consumed in random order during separate periods lasting 7 d each. Between each dietary period there was a washout period of 10 d. @entity50335 had a higher proportion of energy from @entity1735 (72%), diet 2 had a higher proportion of energy from protein (43%), and diet 3 had a higher proportion of energy from fat (68%). Indirect calorimetry and lung function tests were done after the completion of each 7-d diet. @entity28 @entity1 , ages 22 to 45 y and with body mass indexes of 32 to 59 kg/m(2), participated in the study. @entity26 consumption, @entity544 production, resting metabolic rate, and the thermic effect of food by indirect calorimetry were measured. Lung function tests included spirometry in the seated and upright positions, arterial blood gas analysis, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food resulting from the three diets. The mean resting metabolic rates (kJ/d) were 7453 +/- 1446 for @entity50335 , 7461 +/- 1965 for diet 2, and 7076 +/- 2048 for diet 3. The mean thermic effects of food (kcal/min) were -0.02 +/- 0.07 for @entity50335 , -0.01 +/- 0.25 for diet 2, and 0.05 +/- 0.13 for diet 3. Lung function tests were normal before and after the hypocaloic diets: partial pressure of @entity26 (mmHg) values were 81 +/- 13, 77 +/- 8, and 78 +/- 11 for diets 1 to 3, respectively; and partial pressure of @entity544 (mmHg) were 37 +/- 4, 37 +/- 3, and 37 +/- 4 for diets 1 to 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity1 with normal lung function tests and consuming mixed hypocaloric diets showed no alteration in resting metabolic rate and a reduced or absent thermic effect of food independently of the macronutrient composition.

title: Effect of hypocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions on energy metabolism and lung function in @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We wanted to establish optimum protein and @entity413 intakes during total parenteral nutrition by using a constant caloric but changing @entity1131 in critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity1 on continuous renal replacement therapy and measuring @entity535 and @entity413 losses across the hemofilter. METHODS: Eleven consecutive, critically ill @entity1 (eight male, age, 43.5 +/- 21.8 y; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 20.5 +/- 7.0; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation risk of @entity204 : 36.5% +/- 23.0 and 6 +/- 1 impaired organ systems) entered this study. @entity1 were fed by continuous infusion of a total parenteral mixture consisting of @entity21931 (a mixture of essential and non-essential @entity1522 ), 50% @entity413 , and intralipid (long-chain @entity1674 ) to meet caloric requirements as predicted by Schofield's equation corrected by stress factors. The amount of protein infused was varied (1 to 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1)) by increments of 0.25 g. kg(-1). d(-1). @entity1 were stabilized on each feeding regimen for at least 24 h before paired samples of blood and dialysate were taken for @entity535 and @entity413 measurements. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed by using a blood pump with a blood flow of 100 to 175 mL/min. Dialysate was pumped in and out counter-currently to the blood flow at 2 L/h. A biocompatible @entity7540 hemofilter was used in all cases. RESULTS: With protein intakes below 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), blood levels of 14% to 57% of the measured @entity1522 were below the lower limits of the normal range. At 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), all measured @entity1522 were within the normal range. @entity535 balance became more positive as protein input increased (P = 0.0001). @entity413 and @entity535 losses were dependent on blood concentration. Overall, 17% (range, 13% to 24%) of infused @entity1522 and 4% of infused @entity413 were lost in the dialysate. CONCLUSIONS: This study of critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity1 on continuous renal replacement therapy suggested that increases in protein and @entity413 are required to account for the increased losses across the hemofilter. A @entity1131 of 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1) appeared to optimize @entity1568 balance and correct @entity535 deficiencies.

title: Impact of increasing parenteral protein loads on XXXX levels and balance in critically ill anuric @entity1 on continuous renal replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein intake']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity7540 :: ('CHEBI:61639', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylonitrile']

entities_list: @entity21931 :: ('MESH:C545824', 'Chemical') :: ['Synthamin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We wanted to establish optimum protein and @entity413 intakes during total parenteral nutrition by using a constant caloric but changing @entity1131 in critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity1 on continuous renal replacement therapy and measuring @entity535 and @entity413 losses across the hemofilter. METHODS: Eleven consecutive, critically ill @entity1 (eight male, age, 43.5 +/- 21.8 y; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 20.5 +/- 7.0; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation risk of @entity204 : 36.5% +/- 23.0 and 6 +/- 1 impaired organ systems) entered this study. @entity1 were fed by continuous infusion of a total parenteral mixture consisting of @entity21931 (a mixture of essential and non-essential @entity1522 ), 50% @entity413 , and intralipid (long-chain @entity1674 ) to meet caloric requirements as predicted by Schofield's equation corrected by stress factors. The amount of protein infused was varied (1 to 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1)) by increments of 0.25 g. kg(-1). d(-1). @entity1 were stabilized on each feeding regimen for at least 24 h before paired samples of blood and dialysate were taken for @entity535 and @entity413 measurements. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed by using a blood pump with a blood flow of 100 to 175 mL/min. Dialysate was pumped in and out counter-currently to the blood flow at 2 L/h. A biocompatible @entity7540 hemofilter was used in all cases. RESULTS: With protein intakes below 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), blood levels of 14% to 57% of the measured @entity1522 were below the lower limits of the normal range. At 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), all measured @entity1522 were within the normal range. @entity535 balance became more positive as protein input increased (P = 0.0001). @entity413 and @entity535 losses were dependent on blood concentration. Overall, 17% (range, 13% to 24%) of infused @entity1522 and 4% of infused @entity413 were lost in the dialysate. CONCLUSIONS: This study of critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity1 on continuous renal replacement therapy suggested that increases in protein and @entity413 are required to account for the increased losses across the hemofilter. A @entity1131 of 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1) appeared to optimize @entity1568 balance and correct @entity535 deficiencies.

title: Impact of increasing parenteral protein loads on @entity535 levels and balance in critically ill anuric XXXX on continuous renal replacement therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 and @entity741 ( @entity741 ) are the main cause of @entity204 globally, including @entity233 . There is substantial potential to reduce @entity64 and @entity741 mortality burden; particularly by improving diet and health behaviours at the population level. Our aim is to estimate and compare the potential impact of @entity385 treatment vs population level policies on @entity385 and @entity741 deaths in @entity233 if achieved like other developed countries up to 2022 and 2032. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for the Turkish population aged >35  years. The model follows the population over a time horizon of 10 and 20  years. We modelled seven policy scenarios: a baseline scenario, three @entity385 treatment improvement scenarios and three population level policy intervention scenarios (based on target reductions in dietary salt, transfat and unsaturated fat intake, smoking prevalence and increases in fruit and vegetable consumption). Parameter uncertainty was explored by including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, we forecast that approximately 655,180 @entity385 and @entity741 deaths (306,500 in @entity1 ; 348,600 in @entity1 ) may occur in the age group of 35-94 between 2012 and 2022 in @entity233 . Feasible interventions in population level policies might prevent approximately 108,000 (62,580-326,700) fewer @entity64 and @entity741 deaths. This could result in approximately a 17  % reduction in total @entity64 and @entity741 deaths in 2022. Approximately 32  %, 29  %, 11  % and 6  % of that figure could be attributed to a decreased consumption of transfat, dietary salt, saturated fats and fall in smoking prevalence and 22  % could be attributed to increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Feasible improvements in @entity385 treatment could prevent approximately 9  % fewer @entity385 and @entity741 deaths by 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Our modeling study suggests that effective and evidence-based food policies at the population level could massively contribute to reduction in @entity385 and @entity741 mortality in a decade and deliver bigger gains compared to healthcare based interventions for primary and secondary prevention.

title: Estimating the potential contribution of XXXX treatments and preventative policies to reduce the @entity64 and ischemic heart disease mortality in @entity233 up to 2032: a modelling study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'Ischemic Heart Diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature deaths']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 and @entity741 ( @entity741 ) are the main cause of @entity204 globally, including @entity233 . There is substantial potential to reduce @entity64 and @entity741 mortality burden; particularly by improving diet and health behaviours at the population level. Our aim is to estimate and compare the potential impact of @entity385 treatment vs population level policies on @entity385 and @entity741 deaths in @entity233 if achieved like other developed countries up to 2022 and 2032. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for the Turkish population aged >35  years. The model follows the population over a time horizon of 10 and 20  years. We modelled seven policy scenarios: a baseline scenario, three @entity385 treatment improvement scenarios and three population level policy intervention scenarios (based on target reductions in dietary salt, transfat and unsaturated fat intake, smoking prevalence and increases in fruit and vegetable consumption). Parameter uncertainty was explored by including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, we forecast that approximately 655,180 @entity385 and @entity741 deaths (306,500 in @entity1 ; 348,600 in @entity1 ) may occur in the age group of 35-94 between 2012 and 2022 in @entity233 . Feasible interventions in population level policies might prevent approximately 108,000 (62,580-326,700) fewer @entity64 and @entity741 deaths. This could result in approximately a 17  % reduction in total @entity64 and @entity741 deaths in 2022. Approximately 32  %, 29  %, 11  % and 6  % of that figure could be attributed to a decreased consumption of transfat, dietary salt, saturated fats and fall in smoking prevalence and 22  % could be attributed to increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Feasible improvements in @entity385 treatment could prevent approximately 9  % fewer @entity385 and @entity741 deaths by 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Our modeling study suggests that effective and evidence-based food policies at the population level could massively contribute to reduction in @entity385 and @entity741 mortality in a decade and deliver bigger gains compared to healthcare based interventions for primary and secondary prevention.

title: Estimating the potential contribution of @entity64 treatments and preventative policies to reduce the XXXX and ischemic heart disease mortality in @entity233 up to 2032: a modelling study.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 and @entity741 ( @entity741 ) are the main cause of @entity204 globally, including @entity233 . There is substantial potential to reduce @entity64 and @entity741 mortality burden; particularly by improving diet and health behaviours at the population level. Our aim is to estimate and compare the potential impact of @entity385 treatment vs population level policies on @entity385 and @entity741 deaths in @entity233 if achieved like other developed countries up to 2022 and 2032. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for the Turkish population aged >35  years. The model follows the population over a time horizon of 10 and 20  years. We modelled seven policy scenarios: a baseline scenario, three @entity385 treatment improvement scenarios and three population level policy intervention scenarios (based on target reductions in dietary salt, transfat and unsaturated fat intake, smoking prevalence and increases in fruit and vegetable consumption). Parameter uncertainty was explored by including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, we forecast that approximately 655,180 @entity385 and @entity741 deaths (306,500 in @entity1 ; 348,600 in @entity1 ) may occur in the age group of 35-94 between 2012 and 2022 in @entity233 . Feasible interventions in population level policies might prevent approximately 108,000 (62,580-326,700) fewer @entity64 and @entity741 deaths. This could result in approximately a 17  % reduction in total @entity64 and @entity741 deaths in 2022. Approximately 32  %, 29  %, 11  % and 6  % of that figure could be attributed to a decreased consumption of transfat, dietary salt, saturated fats and fall in smoking prevalence and 22  % could be attributed to increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Feasible improvements in @entity385 treatment could prevent approximately 9  % fewer @entity385 and @entity741 deaths by 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Our modeling study suggests that effective and evidence-based food policies at the population level could massively contribute to reduction in @entity385 and @entity741 mortality in a decade and deliver bigger gains compared to healthcare based interventions for primary and secondary prevention.

title: Estimating the potential contribution of @entity64 treatments and preventative policies to reduce the @entity64 and ischemic heart disease mortality in XXXX up to 2032: a modelling study.

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']