abstract: The activity and the tissue distribution of the @entity26 radical producing enzyme @entity3624 oxidoreductase (XOR) were measured in the digestive gland of the common marine mussel @entity20984 Lmk along an annual cycle. No @entity3624 oxidase (XOX) activity could be measured, the enzyme only displaying @entity3624 dehydrogenase (XDH) activity in all the cases. This is interpreted as a mechanism to avoid the harmful effects of the @entity26 radicals that would be produced by XOX during periods following anoxic conditions at low tide. The highest XDH activities coincided with the late spring/early summer months, the activity maxima being recorded from May to July. Histochemically XOR activity was very pronounced in duct and stomach epithelial cells as well as in the surrounding connective tissue and hemolymph vessels, the activity increasing towards the summer months. These seasonal variations in XDH or XOR activities are possibly linked to hormonal changes governing the reproductive cycle and to changes in food availability. The localization of the protein in the connective tissue lining the hemolymph vessels was confirmed immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against @entity35 liver protein that cross-reacted specifically with a polypeptide of 150 kDa of molecular mass in homogenates of the digestive gland. This polypeptide was linked to cytosolic fractions isolated by differential centrifugation from mussel digestive glands. In paraffin sections the antibody labeled the digestive cells of digestive tubules, as well as the connective tissue surrounding the hemolymph vessels, gonadal follicles, digestive epithelia and certain protozoan parasites. Taken together our results suggest that in the digestive gland of bivalve molluscs XOR is involved in the metabolism of @entity3042 and in the scavenging of @entity26 free radicals.

title: Seasonal variation of XXXX oxidoreductase activity in the digestive gland cells of the mussel @entity20984 : a biochemical, histochemical and immunochemical study.

answer: @entity3624 :: (MESH:D019820,Chemical) :: ['xanthine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the respective roles of the @entity1856 , @entity3361 and @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity583 with normal coronary arteries. The study population included 25 @entity1 (19 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 52.1 +/- 11.1 years (34-76 years). The diagnosis of @entity583 was made as the finding of 2 out of 3 WHO criteria. It occurred spontaneously and was transmural in 80% of cases, inferior wall @entity1188 in 9 @entity1 (36%), anterior in 12 (48%) and lateral in 4 @entity1 (16%). All @entity1 underwent investigation on average 10 days after @entity1188 (1-42 days) by coronary angiography with quantitative angiography, endocoronary ultrasonography, an ergometrine provocation test for @entity3361 and a @entity1003 study. Coronary angiography was normal in 4 @entity1 but showed wall changes without stenosis > 50% in 20 @entity1 and one case of @entity438 . Intracoronary @entity715 was detected in 6 cases. Endocoronary ultrasonography confirmed the normality of the coronary arteries in 2 cases and showed @entity1856 in 23 cases (soft @entity1856 : n = 17 and hard: n = 6). It detected 66% of the coronary thrombi observed at angiography and found 3 other cases. @entity3361 was verified in 10 @entity1 (40%). The coagulation study was normal in 19 @entity1 and showed increase in @entity2289 in 5 @entity1 and primary @entity1148 in one case. The authors conclude that coronary angiographic data is less accurate than endo-coronary ultrasonography which best shows the extent and, above all, the nature of the plaques present in 23 of the cases (92%). @entity3361 may be a contributing factor in 40% of cases, in situ @entity715 in 36% of cases despite usually normal blood clotting studies. None of these abnormalities was observed in one case. The embolic cause of @entity1188 was certain in 2 cases.

title: [Prospective study on the mechanism of XXXX without significant coronary stenosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary spasm', 'coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of haemostasis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheroma', 'atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal arterial disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical, electroencephalographic (EEG), and histopathologic effects of subacute electrical stimulation of the hippocampal formation or gyrus (SAHCS) on 10 @entity1 with intractable @entity410 . METHODS: Bilateral, depth, hippocampal or unilateral, subdural, basotemporal electrodes were implanted in all 10 @entity1 for a topographic diagnosis of the site and extent of the @entity302 focus before a temporal lobectomy. In all patients, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were discontinued from 48 to 72 h before a program of continuous SAHCS, which was performed for 2-3 weeks. Stimulation parameters were biphasic Lilly wave pulses, 130/s in frequency, 450 micros in duration, and 200-400 microA in amplitude. The stimuli were delivered 23 of every 24 h for the 2-3-week SAHCS period. The effects of SAHCS on the number of clinical @entity410 per day and the percentage of interictal EEG spikes per 10-second samples of maximal paroxysmal activity at the @entity302 focus were determined daily during the 16 days of SAHCS. At the completion of this program, @entity1 underwent an en bloc temporal lobectomy, and the histopathologic effects of SAHCS on the stimulated tissue were analyzed by means of light-microscopy studies. RESULTS: In seven @entity1 whose stimulation electrode contacts were placed within the hippocampal formation or gyrus and who experienced no interruption in the stimulation program, SAHCS abolished clinical @entity410 and significantly decreased the number of interictal EEG spikes at the focus after 5-6 days. The most evident and fast responses were found by stimulating either the anterior pes hippocampus close to the amygdala or the anterior parahippocampal gyrus close to the entorhinal cortex. Other surface, hippocampal, and basotemporal EEG signs predicted and accompanied this antiepileptic response. These included an electropositive DC shift and monomorphic delta activity at the medial hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, and a normalization of the background EEG activity and signs of slow-wave sleep in surface. depth, and subdural regions. In contrast, no evident antiepileptic responses or no responses at all were found in three @entity1 when stimulation was either interrupted or when it was administered outside the hippocampus. Light microscopy analysis of the stimulated hippocampal tissue showed histopathological abnormalities attributable to the depth-electrode penetration damage or to the pial surface reaction to the subdural, Silastic electrode plate. However, no evident histopathological differences were found between the stimulated and nonstimulated hippocampal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: SAHCS appears to be a safe procedure that can suppress temporal lobe epileptogenesis with no additional damage to the stimulated tissue.

title: Subacute electrical stimulation of the hippocampus blocks intractable XXXX and paroxysmal EEG activities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe seizures']


abstract: The 85-kDa @entity22704 ( @entity22704 ) mediates agonist-induced @entity1426 release in many cell models, including @entity19 peritoneal macrophages. @entity22704 is regulated by an increase in intracellular @entity460 , which binds to an @entity1472 -terminal C2 domain and induces its translocation to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. Phosphorylation of @entity22704 on S505 by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) also contributes to activation. In macrophages, zymosan induces a transient increase in intracellular @entity460 and activation of MAPK, which together fully activate @entity22704 and synergistically promote @entity1426 release. There are alternative pathways for regulating @entity22704 in macrophages because @entity4515 and @entity18398 induce @entity1426 release without increasing @entity460 . The baculovirus expression system is a useful model to study @entity22704 activation. Sf9 cells expressing @entity22704 release @entity1426 to either @entity3365 or @entity18398 . @entity22704 is phosphorylated on multiple sites in Sf9 cells, and phosphorylation of S727 is preferentially induced by @entity18398 . However, the phosphorylation sites are non-essential and only S505 phosphorylation partially contributes to @entity22704 activation in this model. Although @entity18398 does not increase intracellular @entity460 in Sf9 cells, @entity460 binding by the C2 domain is necessary for @entity1426 release. @entity3365 and @entity18398 activate @entity22704 by different mechanisms, yet both induce translocation to the nuclear envelope in Sf9 cells. The results demonstrate that alternative regulatory pathways can lead to @entity22704 activation and @entity1426 release.

title: Regulation of XXXX release and cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of a prospective randomized study concerning the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of stage III, unresectable, asymptomatic @entity1149 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 1996, 240 @entity1 with stage III, unresectable, asymptomatic @entity1149 were enrolled in this study, and sequentially randomized to one of the three treatment arms: conventional @entity7841 , hypofractionated @entity7841 and control group. In the conventional @entity7841 arm (79 @entity1 ), a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions in five weeks was delivered to the @entity5 and the mediastinum. In the hypofractionated @entity7841 arm (81 @entity1 ), there were two courses of @entity7841 separated by an interval of four weeks. In each series, @entity1 received 20 Gy in five fractions in five days, in the same treatment volume as the conventional @entity7841 group. In the control group arm, 80 @entity1 initially did not receive radiotherapy and were only observed. Delayed @entity7841 (20-25 Gy in four to five fractions in four to five days) was given to the @entity5 when major symptoms developed. RESULTS: The two-year actuarial survival rates for @entity1 in the conventional @entity7841 , hypofractionated @entity7841 and control group arms were 18%, 6% and 0%, with a median survival time of 12 months, nine months and six months respectively. The differences between survival rates were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. CONCLUSION: Although @entity7841 provides good palliation, the results are disappointing. The comparison of conventional and hypofractionated @entity7841 shows an advantage for conventional schedules.

title: [Radiotherapy for stage III, inoperable, asymptomatic small cell lung cancer. Final results of a prospective randomized study (240 XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['palliative hypofractionated irradiation', 'irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study explored the neural circuitry used during recall of unstructured verbal material in @entity161 @entity1 and healthy volunteer subjects. METHOD: The subjects were 13 healthy volunteers and 14 @entity161 @entity1 . All @entity1 were free of medication, and all subjects were right-handed. Two experimental cognitive conditions were used: recall of novel and practiced word lists (two 15-item lists from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Both active recall tasks were compared with an eyes-closed resting baseline condition. A nonparametric randomization test was used to determine within- and between-group differences in regional cerebral blood flow. RESULTS: Performance on both the practiced and novel memory tasks was nonsignificantly different in the @entity1 and control subjects. During the novel memory task, the @entity1 showed decreased flow in the right anterior cingulate, right thalamus, and bilateral cerebellum (left greater than right) relative to the control subjects. When recalling the practiced word lists, the @entity1 showed decreased flow in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral medial frontal cortex, @entity4940 , left thalamus, left cerebellar regions, anterior vermis, and right cuneus. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity161 fail to activate cortical-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuitry during recall of both well-learned and novel word lists.

title: Recalling word lists reveals "cognitive dysmetria" in XXXX : a positron emission tomography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['left supplementary motor area']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infectious complications in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 are still major causes of morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in diagnostic techniques and antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we describe the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1583 who were evaluated for suspected @entity281 . This study was also conducted to assess the isolation rate of bacterial and fungal causative agents in febrile @entity1398 attacks. METHOD: The study was conducted at Pamukkale University Hospital, @entity233 . In order to identify the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1583 in the presence/suspicion of any accompanying @entity166 , @entity1 ' charts with @entity1583 were reviewed for signs/symptoms of any @entity281 between October 1, 2001, and May 31, 2005, retrospectively. RESULTS: Overall, 90 @entity166 episodes occurred in 59 @entity1 . The most common underlying diseases were @entity3052 (61.0%) and @entity981 (15.3%). The absolute neutrophil count was lower than 100/mm(3) in 33 (36.7%) episodes. Microbiologically and clinically documented infections and fever of unknown origin were observed in 35.6%, 28.9%, and 35.6% of the @entity1 , respectively. Bloodstream infections and @entity55 were detected in 21.1% and 18.9% of episodes, respectively. Gram negative organisms were most common (58.4%), followed by gram positive cocci. A combination of third generation @entity5898 and an @entity4028 were used in 44.4% of episodes initially. @entity221 resolved in 24.4% of episodes using the initial therapy. The mortality rate was 15.6%. CONCLUSION: These results showed that infections with gram-negative bacteria continue to predominate in febrile neutopenic episodes in our center.

title: Evaluation of febrile XXXX attacks in a tertiary care medical center in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious', 'infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infectious complications in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 are still major causes of morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in diagnostic techniques and antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we describe the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1583 who were evaluated for suspected @entity281 . This study was also conducted to assess the isolation rate of bacterial and fungal causative agents in febrile @entity1398 attacks. METHOD: The study was conducted at Pamukkale University Hospital, @entity233 . In order to identify the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1583 in the presence/suspicion of any accompanying @entity166 , @entity1 ' charts with @entity1583 were reviewed for signs/symptoms of any @entity281 between October 1, 2001, and May 31, 2005, retrospectively. RESULTS: Overall, 90 @entity166 episodes occurred in 59 @entity1 . The most common underlying diseases were @entity3052 (61.0%) and @entity981 (15.3%). The absolute neutrophil count was lower than 100/mm(3) in 33 (36.7%) episodes. Microbiologically and clinically documented infections and fever of unknown origin were observed in 35.6%, 28.9%, and 35.6% of the @entity1 , respectively. Bloodstream infections and @entity55 were detected in 21.1% and 18.9% of episodes, respectively. Gram negative organisms were most common (58.4%), followed by gram positive cocci. A combination of third generation @entity5898 and an @entity4028 were used in 44.4% of episodes initially. @entity221 resolved in 24.4% of episodes using the initial therapy. The mortality rate was 15.6%. CONCLUSION: These results showed that infections with gram-negative bacteria continue to predominate in febrile neutopenic episodes in our center.

title: Evaluation of febrile @entity1398 attacks in a tertiary care medical center in XXXX .

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that in vitro @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) labeling might be superior to @entity1758 immunostaining for prognostic value, because it more selectively labels cells during the S phase. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity0 (59% lymph node-negative, 41% lymph node-positive) surgically excised between 1988 and 1993 (median follow-up, 62 months) were evaluated for cellular proliferation using prospective in vitro @entity1603 uptake assays, retrospective mitotic indices, and @entity1758 labeling. RESULTS: @entity1758 , @entity1603 labeling, and mitotic index-derived proliferation data were highly correlated. Each was similarly associated with most other markers of prognosis, although these relationships were not identical. By univariate analysis, nodal status was the most significant prognostic variable for all @entity1 . Higher @entity1603 labeling index, @entity1758 immunolabeling, and mitotic index were also associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival for the entire @entity1 group, as well as for node-negative @entity1 . The association between cellular proliferation and survival was much weaker for node-positive @entity1 . Multivariate models confirmed that nodal status, @entity5 size, and proliferation data predicted survival in all @entity1 as well as those with node-negative disease, although @entity1758 was somewhat more closely associated with outcome than mitotic index or in vitro @entity1603 data. For @entity1 with T1NOMO disease (n = 172), the only significant predictors of DFS were proliferation rate (mitotic index or @entity1758 ) and @entity5 grade. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation rate predicts recurrence and survival in @entity0 . This effect is more pronounced in node-negative @entity1 . In vitro @entity1603 data are not superior to @entity1758 and mitotic counting.

title: Comparison of mitotic index, in vitro @entity1603 labeling, and XXXX assays to quantitate proliferation in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine', 'BrDu']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that in vitro @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) labeling might be superior to @entity1758 immunostaining for prognostic value, because it more selectively labels cells during the S phase. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity0 (59% lymph node-negative, 41% lymph node-positive) surgically excised between 1988 and 1993 (median follow-up, 62 months) were evaluated for cellular proliferation using prospective in vitro @entity1603 uptake assays, retrospective mitotic indices, and @entity1758 labeling. RESULTS: @entity1758 , @entity1603 labeling, and mitotic index-derived proliferation data were highly correlated. Each was similarly associated with most other markers of prognosis, although these relationships were not identical. By univariate analysis, nodal status was the most significant prognostic variable for all @entity1 . Higher @entity1603 labeling index, @entity1758 immunolabeling, and mitotic index were also associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival for the entire @entity1 group, as well as for node-negative @entity1 . The association between cellular proliferation and survival was much weaker for node-positive @entity1 . Multivariate models confirmed that nodal status, @entity5 size, and proliferation data predicted survival in all @entity1 as well as those with node-negative disease, although @entity1758 was somewhat more closely associated with outcome than mitotic index or in vitro @entity1603 data. For @entity1 with T1NOMO disease (n = 172), the only significant predictors of DFS were proliferation rate (mitotic index or @entity1758 ) and @entity5 grade. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation rate predicts recurrence and survival in @entity0 . This effect is more pronounced in node-negative @entity1 . In vitro @entity1603 data are not superior to @entity1758 and mitotic counting.

title: Comparison of mitotic index, in vitro XXXX labeling, and @entity1758 assays to quantitate proliferation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that in vitro @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) labeling might be superior to @entity1758 immunostaining for prognostic value, because it more selectively labels cells during the S phase. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity0 (59% lymph node-negative, 41% lymph node-positive) surgically excised between 1988 and 1993 (median follow-up, 62 months) were evaluated for cellular proliferation using prospective in vitro @entity1603 uptake assays, retrospective mitotic indices, and @entity1758 labeling. RESULTS: @entity1758 , @entity1603 labeling, and mitotic index-derived proliferation data were highly correlated. Each was similarly associated with most other markers of prognosis, although these relationships were not identical. By univariate analysis, nodal status was the most significant prognostic variable for all @entity1 . Higher @entity1603 labeling index, @entity1758 immunolabeling, and mitotic index were also associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival for the entire @entity1 group, as well as for node-negative @entity1 . The association between cellular proliferation and survival was much weaker for node-positive @entity1 . Multivariate models confirmed that nodal status, @entity5 size, and proliferation data predicted survival in all @entity1 as well as those with node-negative disease, although @entity1758 was somewhat more closely associated with outcome than mitotic index or in vitro @entity1603 data. For @entity1 with T1NOMO disease (n = 172), the only significant predictors of DFS were proliferation rate (mitotic index or @entity1758 ) and @entity5 grade. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation rate predicts recurrence and survival in @entity0 . This effect is more pronounced in node-negative @entity1 . In vitro @entity1603 data are not superior to @entity1758 and mitotic counting.

title: Comparison of mitotic index, in vitro @entity1603 labeling, and @entity1758 assays to quantitate proliferation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Continuous @entity99 ( @entity99 ) was performed for 100 @entity14 @entity1 with unresectable liver metastases in our outpatient clinic. The administration schedule was @entity1487 250 mg/day for 7 days every other week. In this study, 93 cases were evaluable. The average dose of @entity1487 was 24 g (3.0-66.5 g). The response rate was 59.1% (CR: 4 cases, PR: 51 cases, NC: 12 cases and @entity1726 : 26 cases). The prognostic outcome was significantly prolonged in the effective cases (50% survival duration was as follows: CR: 764 days, PR: 620 days, NC: 255 days and @entity1726 : 152 days). The complication rate with @entity99 was 15.1%, but nobody died from these complications. Hepatectomy after @entity99 was performed in 19 cases (20.4%) because of the effect of @entity99 . The three-year survival rate was 35.3% for @entity99 with hepatectomy and 3.8% for only @entity99 . There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) between these two groups. Hepatectomy after @entity99 is a new strategy for unresectable liver metastasis of @entity14 . Recently, we performed home systemic chemotherapy using @entity1487 for 3 recurrent @entity1 of @entity14 and were able to continue this therapy safely for more than 2 months.

title: [Present and future of home anti-cancer chemotherapy for unresectable recurrence of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HAI', 'hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We have used a high frequency epicardial echocardiographic technique to visualize and measure coronary artery lumens and walls in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. A 12 MHz probe (Surgiscan, Biosound Corp.) is sterilized and placed on the exposed epicardial coronary arteries. Transverse cross-sectional views are obtained from the arteries on the anterior surface of the heart: the right coronary artery to the cardiac margin and the left anterior descending coronary artery to the cardiac apex. Numerous echocardiographic-angiographic-pathological correlations have been obtained from this work. We have validated the echocardiographic lumen and wall measurements by comparing the echo measurements to histological material from pressure-distended coronary arterial segments (from animals and fresh @entity1 autopsy specimens). We have shown by comparison with angiography that coronary arteries which appear normal or only minimally diseased by angiograms are often diffusely and severely @entity731 . We have also evaluated the shape of @entity731 and demonstrated a wide range of lumen shapes (oval, circular, complex) and location within the residual coronary lumen (eccentric vs. concentric). Highly eccentric lesions are characterized by relative preservation of portions of the arterial wall, and this may preserve vasoreactivity of the @entity731 vessel. We have also demonstrated remodeling of @entity731 : enlargement of the total arterial area (wall plus lumen) as a compensatory mechanism to preserve the arterial lumen in the face of encroaching @entity731 . High frequency epicardial echocardiography offers an accurate, real-time, in-vivo method for the anatomic and functional evaluation of @entity453 . This dynamic, in-vivo technique supports and extends information previously obtainable only from pathologic studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: What have we learned about XXXX from high-frequency epicardial echocardiography?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: AIM: To explore the feasibility and activity of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity1259 and @entity900 as an alternative to current treatments for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHOD: Forty-four @entity1 with stage IIIb or IV @entity1149 , median Karnofsky index 90, were enrolled. @entity1259 (60 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 2 and @entity900 (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. A @entity2772 ( @entity1261 ) was used only for @entity1 reaching codified nadir count values. RESULTS: A total of 130 cycles were administered with a mean of 2.9 cycles per @entity1 . Of 41 assessable @entity1 one showed a complete response and 15 had partial responses (overall response rate, 39%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and grade 3 hemoglobin @entity137 were seen in 40% and 14%, respectively, of the administered cycles. The most common nonhematologic toxic events were @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity33 , @entity448 , and @entity1395 . CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1259 - @entity900 regimen seemed effective and was generally well tolerated, and therefore suitable for use in an outpatient setting.

title: Phase II study of the activity and tolerability of a combined regimen of high-dose XXXX and @entity900 in stage IIIb and IV @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2772 :: ('3562', 'Gene') :: ['hematopoietic growth factor']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: AIM: To explore the feasibility and activity of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity1259 and @entity900 as an alternative to current treatments for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHOD: Forty-four @entity1 with stage IIIb or IV @entity1149 , median Karnofsky index 90, were enrolled. @entity1259 (60 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 2 and @entity900 (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. A @entity2772 ( @entity1261 ) was used only for @entity1 reaching codified nadir count values. RESULTS: A total of 130 cycles were administered with a mean of 2.9 cycles per @entity1 . Of 41 assessable @entity1 one showed a complete response and 15 had partial responses (overall response rate, 39%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and grade 3 hemoglobin @entity137 were seen in 40% and 14%, respectively, of the administered cycles. The most common nonhematologic toxic events were @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity33 , @entity448 , and @entity1395 . CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1259 - @entity900 regimen seemed effective and was generally well tolerated, and therefore suitable for use in an outpatient setting.

title: Phase II study of the activity and tolerability of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity1259 and @entity900 in stage IIIb and IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To explore the feasibility and activity of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity1259 and @entity900 as an alternative to current treatments for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHOD: Forty-four @entity1 with stage IIIb or IV @entity1149 , median Karnofsky index 90, were enrolled. @entity1259 (60 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 2 and @entity900 (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. A @entity2772 ( @entity1261 ) was used only for @entity1 reaching codified nadir count values. RESULTS: A total of 130 cycles were administered with a mean of 2.9 cycles per @entity1 . Of 41 assessable @entity1 one showed a complete response and 15 had partial responses (overall response rate, 39%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and grade 3 hemoglobin @entity137 were seen in 40% and 14%, respectively, of the administered cycles. The most common nonhematologic toxic events were @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity33 , @entity448 , and @entity1395 . CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1259 - @entity900 regimen seemed effective and was generally well tolerated, and therefore suitable for use in an outpatient setting.

title: Phase II study of the activity and tolerability of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity1259 and XXXX in stage IIIb and IV @entity1149 .

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, ultrasonography (US), and both methods combined in evaluation of palpable noncalcified @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mammograms and sonograms of 200 @entity1 with palpable noncalcified breast masses were retrospectively analyzed independently by four experienced radiologists in 3 sessions: Mammography or US interpretations in the first two and combined reading in the last session. @entity854 and mammographically obvious @entity5 were excluded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed for 115 (60 benign and 55 malignant) @entity5 and subgroups according to tissue density and @entity5 size. A single ROC curve for each diagnostic test was obtained by pooling the individual ratings. The area under the ROC curve was used as a measure of diagnostic performance. RESULTS: US revealed significantly higher diagnostic performance than mammography for @entity5 larger than 2 cm. Combined reading showed significantly higher performance than mammography except for @entity5 smaller than 2 cm. The performance of all three tests was reduced in dense parenchyma, and significantly so for mammographic and combined interpretation. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of US in @entity1 with palpable mammographically noncalcified and not obviously malignant @entity0 is lower than reported for mixed sample populations. The accuracy of US may be influenced by breast parenchyma density. Combined reading offers the highest diagnostic accuracy.

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in @entity1 with palpable mammographically noncalcified XXXX .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Nonneoplastic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, ultrasonography (US), and both methods combined in evaluation of palpable noncalcified @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mammograms and sonograms of 200 @entity1 with palpable noncalcified breast masses were retrospectively analyzed independently by four experienced radiologists in 3 sessions: Mammography or US interpretations in the first two and combined reading in the last session. @entity854 and mammographically obvious @entity5 were excluded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed for 115 (60 benign and 55 malignant) @entity5 and subgroups according to tissue density and @entity5 size. A single ROC curve for each diagnostic test was obtained by pooling the individual ratings. The area under the ROC curve was used as a measure of diagnostic performance. RESULTS: US revealed significantly higher diagnostic performance than mammography for @entity5 larger than 2 cm. Combined reading showed significantly higher performance than mammography except for @entity5 smaller than 2 cm. The performance of all three tests was reduced in dense parenchyma, and significantly so for mammographic and combined interpretation. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of US in @entity1 with palpable mammographically noncalcified and not obviously malignant @entity0 is lower than reported for mixed sample populations. The accuracy of US may be influenced by breast parenchyma density. Combined reading offers the highest diagnostic accuracy.

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in XXXX with palpable mammographically noncalcified @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Several groups have published results from clinical studies supporting the involvement of anti-modified LDL antibodies as risk factors for the initiation or progression of @entity65 . However, the data published so far are judged inconclusive because of several contradictory observations concerning the correlation between clinical evidence of @entity4288 and the levels of antibodies to oxidized LDL (oxLDL Ab). We have previously reported that oxLDL Ab exist both in free form and as antigen-antibody complexes (LDL-IC) in @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). The presence of LDL-IC in @entity1723 @entity1 has important implications: it may interfere with the assay of oxLDL antibodies and the levels of LDL-IC may correlate better with the development of @entity4288 than the levels of free oxLDL antibodies. To clarify these questions baseline samples collected from 49 @entity1723 @entity1 , who subsequently developed @entity453 ( @entity453 ) during an 8-year follow-up period, were compared to baseline samples from 49 age-, sex-, and duration-matched control @entity1723 subjects who remained free of clinical @entity453 during an identical follow-up period. The levels of free oxLDL antibody were significantly lower in the @entity1 who developed @entity453 . The same @entity1 had significantly higher concentrations of total @entity165 , @entity755 , and IgA in immune complex-enriched @entity968 ( @entity970 ) precipitates. The concentration of IgG was also higher in @entity970 precipitates from @entity1 who developed @entity453 , but did not reach statistical significance. This indicates that @entity1 who develop @entity453 had higher levels of circulating LDL-IC, a fact that could not be deduced from the measurement of free oxLDL antibody concentrations. A linear regression analysis of the correlation between the concentrations of total @entity165 in @entity970 precipitates, taken as a surrogate measurement of @entity970 -precipitated oxLDL-IC, and the concentration of free oxLDL antibody in serum showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.229, P = 0. 024). Our results support the conclusion that oxLDL-IC may be a risk factor for the development of @entity66 in @entity1723 @entity1 . We also have demonstrated that circulating oxLDL-IC interfere with the assay of free oxLDL antibodies.

title: Antibodies to oxidized LDL and LDL-containing immune complexes as risk factors for XXXX in diabetes mellitus.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Several factors lead to a higher number of female @entity1 with @entity195 , and thus prevention and treatment are of particular concern to @entity1 . Given the slow development of histopathological alterations in @entity195 , prevention should start early in life. Several lines of evidence document in vitro and in vivo a protective effect of @entity2931 on neurons. @entity1 substitute @entity2931 during the immediate postmenopausal years, and this offers a natural experiment for testing the preventive action of @entity2931 against @entity195 . Case control studies and cohort studies support a general protective effect of hormone (i.e. @entity2931 ) replacement therapy (HRT). Short-term and small-scale intervention trials in @entity1 with @entity195 show positive results. However, it is not clear to what extent cognition is improved by the known effects of @entity2931 on mood and behavioural symptoms. More studies are needed to establish the value of @entity2931 replacement therapy in primary and secondary prevention of @entity195 . At present, @entity2931 can be recommended in @entity1 at risk for @entity195 and as adjuvant therapy in mild early @entity195 .

title: [Estrogens and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "familial Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For many years, surgery has been the standard treatment for @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Recent randomized trials demonstrated that @entity900 -based adjuvant chemotherapy increases overall survival. The aim of this study was to analyze the precise use of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with resected @entity1149 in routine practice. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and May 2005, we retrospectively analyzed 219 @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 who had undergone surgery at one major surgical center in Paris, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris. @entity1 characteristics, the type of surgery, and indications for adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-seven of the 219 @entity1 (40%) in this study had been treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Different factors were associated with doctors not prescribing this treatment: age, comorbidity, @entity5 , node, @entity3 stage, and @entity260 . More than eight different @entity900 -based regimens were used, highlighting considerable heterogeneity in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in daily practice. There is an increase of adjuvant chemotherapy during the study period. CONCLUSION: @entity900 -based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for @entity1 with resected stage II and IIIA @entity1149 . However, such therapy is used quite heterogeneously in daily practice and specific regimens, and the percentage of @entity1 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy vary from standard recommendations. A prospective follow-up of daily practice regarding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy is warranted.

title: Use of adjuvant chemotherapy in XXXX in routine practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This phase 1 study was conducted to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of the selective insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor ( @entity2856 ) inhibitor figitumumab (F, CP-751,871) given in combination with @entity1311 and @entity3003 in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 received @entity1311 200 mg/m2, @entity3003 (area under the curve of 6), and F (0.05-20 mg/kg) q3 weeks for up to six cycles. @entity1 with objective response or stable disease were eligible to receive additional cycles of single agent F until disease progression. Safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic endpoints were investigated. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 , including 35 with stages IIIB and IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), were enrolled in eight dose escalation cohorts. A maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Severe adverse events possibly related to F included @entity1295 , @entity294 , @entity4854 , gamma @entity16394 transpeptidase elevation, and @entity882 (one case each). F plasma exposure parameters increased with dose. Fifteen objective responses (RECIST) were reported, including two complete responses in @entity43 . Notably, levels of bioactive @entity442 seemed to influence response to treatment with objective responses in @entity1 with a high baseline-free @entity442 to @entity2301 ratio seen only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosing cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: F was well tolerated in combination with @entity1311 and @entity3003 . Based on its favorable safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties, the maximal feasible dose of 20 mg/kg has been selected for further investigation.

title: Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor inhibitor figitumumab (CP-751,871) in combination with @entity1311 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC and ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16394 :: ('CHEBI:32483', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This phase 1 study was conducted to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of the selective insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor ( @entity2856 ) inhibitor figitumumab (F, CP-751,871) given in combination with @entity1311 and @entity3003 in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 received @entity1311 200 mg/m2, @entity3003 (area under the curve of 6), and F (0.05-20 mg/kg) q3 weeks for up to six cycles. @entity1 with objective response or stable disease were eligible to receive additional cycles of single agent F until disease progression. Safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic endpoints were investigated. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 , including 35 with stages IIIB and IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), were enrolled in eight dose escalation cohorts. A maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Severe adverse events possibly related to F included @entity1295 , @entity294 , @entity4854 , gamma @entity16394 transpeptidase elevation, and @entity882 (one case each). F plasma exposure parameters increased with dose. Fifteen objective responses (RECIST) were reported, including two complete responses in @entity43 . Notably, levels of bioactive @entity442 seemed to influence response to treatment with objective responses in @entity1 with a high baseline-free @entity442 to @entity2301 ratio seen only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosing cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: F was well tolerated in combination with @entity1311 and @entity3003 . Based on its favorable safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties, the maximal feasible dose of 20 mg/kg has been selected for further investigation.

title: Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor inhibitor figitumumab (CP-751,871) in combination with XXXX and @entity3003 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carinal resection and reconstruction is technically demanding. The aim of this study is to discuss the clinical value of carinoplasty in the surgical treatment of @entity153 involving carina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1982 to 2006, 41 cases of centrally placed @entity153 invading the carina were treated with carinal resection and reconstruction in our hospital. Among the 41 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 simultaneously underwent additional cardiovascular plasty operations besides carinoplasty. There were 12 different types of carinal resection and reconstruction in our group. RESULTS: In this group, there was one perioperative @entity204 due to @entity834 . This @entity1 died 2 weeks postoperatively. @entity943 occurred in 12 @entity1 , @entity891 in eight @entity1 , and @entity55 in five @entity1 . Five @entity1 had to be assisted with mechanical ventilation because of @entity177 . @entity254 stenoses were found in three @entity1 3 to 6 months postoperatively and were resolved by stent insertion. Thirty-one @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 recurrences after operations. Progression-free survival was 75.6% at 1 year, 43.9% at 3 years, and 22.0% at 5 years; the overall actuarial survival was 75.6% at 1 year, 46.3% at 3 years, and 26.8% at 5 years. Survival was better in @entity1 with N0-1 disease than those with N2 disease (37.0% versus 7.1% at 5 years). CONCLUSION: Carinoplasty for @entity153 involving carina is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality if @entity1 are selected carefully. Preoperative evaluation of the mediastinum is crucial for treatment selection.

title: Carinal resection and reconstruction in surgical treatment of XXXX with carinal involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary function failure']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Histiocytosis X is a condition characterized by an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes with a variable @entity738 and inflammatory component; bone involvement is almost always present. The aim of this study was to define the management of solitary @entity1712 ( @entity1712 ) of the calvaria in adult @entity1 , in relation to the size and site of the lesion. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 , ranging in age from 7 to 45 years, with solitary @entity1712 of the calvaria were surgically treated by craniectomy or curettage and cranioplasty. We subgrouped the lesions into two types: A) lesions localized inside the diplo   and/or compressing the cerebral parenchyma below but without dural infiltration; B) lesions with mainly intracranial growth, compressing the cerebral parenchyma and infiltrating the dura. The infiltrated dura mater in type B lesions was replaced with a dural patch. Cranioplasty was performed in lesions with a diameter of 4 cm or more and/or located in aesthetically exposed areas of the skull. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 died during the study and no local or systemic recurrences were observed during follow-up (min. 3 yrs, max. 8 yrs). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of @entity1 with isolated @entity1712 of the calvaria not only is simple and quick but also allows histological diagnosis of the @entity690 . These @entity1 do not require further adjuvant treatment. Cranioplasty should be performed when the lesion has a diameter of 4 cm or more, when it is located in aesthetically exposed areas of the skull such as the frontal or temporal bones, or when it produces alterations of the normal skull morphology.

title: Solitary XXXX of the calvaria.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma', 'EG']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']


abstract: In this paper we report the characterization of three novel members of the @entity958 shaggy-related protein kinase (ASK) multigene family, named ASKdzeta (ASKzeta), ASKetha (ASKeta) and ASKiota (ASKiota). The proteins encoded by the ASK genes share a highly conserved catalytic protein kinase domain and show about 70% identity to @entity22596 ) from @entity238 and @entity35 respectively. SGG is an ubiquitous intracellular component of the wingless signalling pathway that establishes cell fate and/or pattern formation in @entity238 . At least ten different ASK genes are expected to be present per haploid genome of A. thaliana. Different @entity1472 - and @entity1473 -terminal extensions distinguish different ASK family members. Five ASK gene sequences were analysed and shown to be present as single-copy genes in the @entity958 genome. A comparison based on the highly conserved catalytic domain sequences of all known sequences of the GSK-3 subfamily of protein kinases demonstrated a clear distinction between the plant and the animal kinases. Furthermore, we established the presence of at least three distinct groups of plant homologues of SGG/GSK-3. These different groups probably reflect biochemical and/or biological properties of these kinases. The differential expression patterns of five ASK genes were accessed by northern and in situ hybridization experiments using gene-specific probes. While ASKzeta is expressed in the whole embryo during its development, ASKeta expression is limited to the suspensor cells. No signal was detected for ASKalpha, ASKgamma and ASKiota in developing embryos.

title: Characterization of three novel members of the XXXX SHAGGY-related protein kinase (ASK) multigene family.

entities_list: @entity22596 :: ('31248(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['SHAGGY (SGG) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) toxi @entity137 one of the contributing factors for the development and progression of chro @entity102 D) @entity102 onversion to siro @entity3446 L) from CNI improves renal function kidney in transplant recipients. METHODS: A retrospective review from pati @entity1 uptly converted from CNI to SRL over a three yr period is reported. RESULTS: Thirty-nine pati @entity1 e converted 55.2  58 months after renal transplantation. 24 month pati @entity1 graft survival was 100% and 92%. Acute rejection incidence was 7.6%. Overall, serum crea @entity1011 r) and Cockcroft-Gault crea @entity1011 arance (CGCrCl) improved. In responders, SCr improved from 2.48  0.8 to 1.94  0.8 mg/dL (p<0.05) CGCrCl improved from 37.8  17.4 to 51.9  23.8 mL/min at two years. An increase in prot @entity644 observed from conversion to month 12 in responders (189.4  512.8 to 488.3  890.6 mg/day, p<0.05) and from conversion to month six in non-responders (1179.4  2001.1 to 2357  4172.9 mg/day, p<0.05). Low prot @entity644 positive predictive value for renal response after conversion. CONCLUSION: Conversion from CNI to SRL with CAD @entity102 associated with improved renal function with an increase in prot @entity644 w prot @entity644 a possible positive predictive factor for successful conversion.

title: Long-term results after conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to XXXX in renal transplant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'chronic allograft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) toxi @entity137 one of the contributing factors for the development and progression of chro @entity102 D) @entity102 onversion to siro @entity3446 L) from CNI improves renal function kidney in transplant recipients. METHODS: A retrospective review from pati @entity1 uptly converted from CNI to SRL over a three yr period is reported. RESULTS: Thirty-nine pati @entity1 e converted 55.2  58 months after renal transplantation. 24 month pati @entity1 graft survival was 100% and 92%. Acute rejection incidence was 7.6%. Overall, serum crea @entity1011 r) and Cockcroft-Gault crea @entity1011 arance (CGCrCl) improved. In responders, SCr improved from 2.48  0.8 to 1.94  0.8 mg/dL (p<0.05) CGCrCl improved from 37.8  17.4 to 51.9  23.8 mL/min at two years. An increase in prot @entity644 observed from conversion to month 12 in responders (189.4  512.8 to 488.3  890.6 mg/day, p<0.05) and from conversion to month six in non-responders (1179.4  2001.1 to 2357  4172.9 mg/day, p<0.05). Low prot @entity644 positive predictive value for renal response after conversion. CONCLUSION: Conversion from CNI to SRL with CAD @entity102 associated with improved renal function with an increase in prot @entity644 w prot @entity644 a possible positive predictive factor for successful conversion.

title: Long-term results after conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to @entity3446 in renal transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze radiographic and histological outcomes of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using a @entity77 based allograft containing demineralized bone matrix particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen maxillary sinus lift procedures with simultaneous placement of @entity702 implants were performed in 12 @entity1 of both genders aged 36-71 years. Each sinus cavity was filled by the biocomposite. After 3 months of healing, all surgical sites were uncovered and bone biopsies were retrieved for undecalcified histology and histomorphometry. The ratio between the original and the grafted sinus height ( @entity2197 /OSH) was computed using a panoramic radiography taken immediately after surgery and at 3 months of healing, and the two ratios were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: By 3 months, all implants were stable without clinical and radiographic signs of @entity281 . Significant changes in @entity2197 /OSH during healing were seen (2.7 +/- 0.6 initially vs. 2.6 +/- 0.5 after healing; p = 0.01). Histologic findings showed newly formed bone surrounding the residual grafted particles without @entity32 . At 3 months, mean regenerated bone density was 33.8 +/- 8.6%; marrow spaces amounted to 32.3 +/- 10.3%; residual graft was 33.9 +/- 9.0%. Similar histomorphometric and radiographic results were obtained independently from @entity1 age or sex. CONCLUSIONS: The analysed putty seems to be a safe and effective graft material for maxillary sinus floor augmentation by accelerating bone regeneration and thus reducing the healing time.

title: Histomorphometric analysis of XXXX maxillary sinus lift with a new bone substitute biocomposite: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium-sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: From June 1979 through January 1985, 22 @entity1 under 20 months of age (mean 8 months and 4 kg) underwent @entity1498 repair with a left subclavian aortoplasty. The most commonly associated lesions were @entity1757 (50%), @entity8521 (45%), @entity2461 (41%), transposition of great arteries (22.7%) and other @entity75 comprised 30%. Indication for surgery was congestive @entity712 refractory to medical management. All @entity1 were on inotropic support. Two @entity1 required mechanical ventilation preoperatively. Subclavian flap angioplasty was performed with 7.0 continuous @entity7502 suture. Ligation of a @entity2461 was simultaneously done in 8 @entity1 and pulmonary artery banding in 8 others. Four @entity1 (18%) died within 30 days after operation; 3 of them had severe @entity6554 of the aortic arch. Three transient @entity260 were encountered; chylothorax, @entity3526 and @entity4820 . No hospital deaths occurred in @entity1 with isolated @entity1498 . All survivors were followed for a period varying from 3 to 6.5 years (mean, 2 years). There were 3 late deaths (13.6%). Non invasive studies have shown a satisfactory result in 14 @entity1 with a residual gradient less than 20 mmHg and in 10 of them, cardiac catheterization and cineangiography showed no evidence of significant @entity850 . In one @entity1 only, femoral pulses were absent 4 months postoperatively. These results and reports of others indicate, contrary to the age, that the presence of associated disease affects mortality. Prompt repair of @entity1498 in all @entity1 with or without symptoms is recommended and the subclavian flap procedure appears to be a simple and safe method for relief of @entity1498 in critically ill @entity1 .

title: Late results of the subclavian flap repair of XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8521 :: ('MESH:D001015', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic aortic arch']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity6554 :: ('MESH:D015499', 'Disease') :: ['tubular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian steal syndrome']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical, ultrasound and pathological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity263 diagnosed by ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy who consulted for lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with @entity1067 . METHODS: From 1994 to 1998 ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy of the prostate was performed in 1,548 @entity1 aged 49-90 years (mean age 70 +/- 7). Of these, 613 (40%) were diagnosed with @entity5 . Biopsy was performed in 161 @entity1 (60%) with elevated PSA but no suspicion of @entity5 on digital rectal examination, and 452 @entity1 with a suspicious DRE. Only 10 of these 452 @entity1 (2%) had a PSA value within the normal ranges. Ninety-seven percent of the @entity1 with @entity5 were diagnosed at the first biopsy. RESULTS: The DRE findings were compatible with locally advanced @entity5 in 25% of the @entity1 . An echogenic nodule was detected in 79%; the nodule was hypoechoic in 93% of the cases. Ninety-four percent of the @entity1 with a suspicious DRE versus 37% of those with a normal DRE showed a nodule on ultrasound (p < 0.001). According to the ultrasound and DRE findings, 41% of the @entity1 had a @entity5 . @entity5 was diagnosed in 70% of the @entity1 with a nodule; 51% of the cases had high grade @entity189 (score 8, 9 or 10). Sixty percent of the @entity1 with a suspicious DRE had high grade @entity5 versus 30% of the @entity1 with a normal DRE (p < 0.001). Twenty-three percent of the @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy. Only 34% of the @entity1 had a localized @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Most of the @entity5 of the prostate diagnosed in @entity1 who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with BHP were high grade and locally advanced and therefore not susceptible to cure. PSA determination and digital rectal examination at the primary care level can be useful in detecting @entity263 in the early stages without significantly increasing costs.

title: [Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of XXXX diagnosed with transrectal biopsy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'localized cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign hyperplasia of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: The 82 cases of @entity30 diagnosed in Greater Cape Town between 1970 and 1979 were followed up after a median time of 9.6 years from diagnosis. Sixty @entity1 were contacted; 6 had died and 16 were not available for follow-up. Only 1 death was disease-related. Mortality in @entity30 was not increased. There were no cases of @entity694 . At diagnosis most @entity1 had had moderately severe disease, and 10 years later, 80% had mild-to-moderate symptoms. The 5-year resection rate was 46% and the 10-year rate 68%; 23% of @entity1 required a second resection within 5 years of the first, and 42% within 10 years. Surgery occurred earlier in those with @entity13570 . Ten @entity1 were over the age of 60 years at diagnosis; there was no apparent difference between the extent of their disease and that in the group as a whole. However, the elderly @entity1 appeared to have a better prognosis--59% having been symptom-free for more than 1 year, and none having required a second resection.

title: Medium-term follow-up of XXXX in Cape Town.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Particle size distribution measurements in 16 nonlinear intervals covering the 0.1-7.5 microns range and concurrent @entity597 concentrations were continuously recorded in September 1996 over the period of two weeks in a Mediterranean forest. @entity597 size distribution was derived from a linear correlation fit between the concentrations and the number of particles recorded at each particle size interval. The results revealed two modal diameters for @entity14024 , with typical diameters at 0.3 and 0.675 micron. These results were associated with two different dominant chemical mechanisms governing @entity597 formation. In order to describe the dominant chemical mechanism, the growth law approach was applied. Growth rates were determined using the parameter estimates of the fitted particle size distribution function. By matching these data with @entity597 concentrations, the dominant chemical reactions were identified. The results have shown that @entity597 formation is governed by both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions and that the latter process was dominant. Condensation reactions prevailed in the early morning and late afternoon, and volume reactions at night, particularly in high-moisture conditions. From the observational data, the gas-to-particle conversion rate for @entity9733 ( @entity9734 ) at nighttime was also derived, yielding a 2.18%/hr-1.

title: Aerosols in a Mediterranean forest: XXXX , particle size distribution, and growth rates.

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate', 'Sulfate']

answer: @entity14024 :: (MESH:D013431,Chemical) :: ['sulfates']


abstract: Relative to her risk of @entity0 , the @entity1 with a @entity5345 or @entity2674 gene mutation can be managed either by intensive screening (with or without chemoprevention) or by prophylactic mastectomy. Although it would be preferable to avoid prophylactic surgery, the current level of screening technology and the rudimentary state of chemoprevention do not guarantee a good outcome with intensive surveillance. A review of the currently available data was undertaken to determine the efficacy of prophylactic surgery, intensive screening, and chemoprevention. An attempt then was made to extrapolate the efficacy of the various approaches to the management of @entity1 who carry @entity5345 or @entity2674 gene mutations. Intensive surveillance may not detect @entity0 at an early, curable stage in young @entity1 with @entity5345 or @entity2674 gene mutations because the growth rate of the @entity5 in these @entity1 most likely will be rapid and the density of the breast tissue may compromise detection. Chemoprevention is in its infancy, and its efficacy in this population is unknown. Conversely, prophylactic surgery may not be completely effective in preventing @entity0 . The authors are hopeful that sometime in the next decade advances in chemoprevention, screening technology, or @entity0 treatment will make mastectomy obsolete. However, for the time being prophylactic mastectomy has attributes that make it an alternative for this population that must be considered. Careful discussion of all options is essential in the management of these @entity1 .

title: Prophylactic mastectomy and inherited predisposition to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: The findings of cranial sonography performed before and during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 50 near-term @entity1 and CT findings after ECMO in 18 of those @entity1 are reported. @entity548 is uncommon in @entity1 being considered for ECMO: @entity548 was seen in one case and @entity45 possibly due to in utero @entity548 was seen in five cases. @entity519 ischemic @entity63 is more common: severe @entity2657 was seen in two cases, occipital @entity385 in one case, and mild @entity2657 in 17 cases. During ECMO, sonograms showed that the @entity548 in @entity1 with small @entity548 or cyst before ECMO did not extend while on ECMO. Typical germinal matrix/intraventricular @entity548 was seen uncommonly (three cases). Unusual @entity548 did occur. @entity2806 was more common: @entity548 was seen in three cases, severe @entity2657 in three cases, and @entity1188 in three cases. @entity2806 probably occurs before ECMO, with a delay in visualization. CT after ECMO detected additional abnormalities, particularly peripheral areas of @entity548 and @entity1188 not visible on sonograms, and is now being performed on all @entity1 . More emphasis should be placed on better screening of @entity1 being considered for ECMO treatment to identify irreversible @entity1545 , not just @entity548 .

title: Brain abnormalities in XXXX on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: sonographic and CT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'subependymal hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal cyst']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarct']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Scholars have postulated that cervical degeneration can predispose the upper cervical spine to injury after minor @entity130 . @entity2001 have previously been recognized as potentiators of @entity174 in the hip and knee but no cases of cervical @entity179 contributing to @entity174 have been reported. PURPOSE: This report documents a case series in which @entity1 sustained significant @entity130 in the setting of subchondral cervical cysts. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case series/academic level I @entity130 center. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, six @entity1 (ages 73-91 years) with cervical pathology were admitted to the @entity130 service at our Level I @entity130 center. The most common mechanism of injury was a low velocity fall, which occurred in 5 out of 6 @entity1 . All @entity1 suffered an @entity174 . In all cases, there was radiographic evidence of cyst formation, and computed tomographic imaging demonstrated @entity174 communication with the @entity2001 . RESULTS: Of the six cases, four were treated definitively with immobilization in a cervical orthosis and two required surgery. One @entity1 was treated with an occipital-cervical fusion, whereas the other underwent Brooks wiring. All @entity1 ultimately went on to heal their @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine have previously been recognized to potentiate injury. This report raises the question of whether degenerative processes at the C1-C2 articulation predispose elderly @entity1 to injury at this level. The presence of @entity528 at the @entity9807 should be recognized as a potential risk factor for @entity130 after relatively minor @entity130 .

title: @entity2001 : a risk factor for odontoid XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'odontoid fracture']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral cyst', 'Subchondral cysts']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative cysts']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial joint']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical injury', 'injury to the upper cervical spine', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Scholars have postulated that cervical degeneration can predispose the upper cervical spine to injury after minor @entity130 . @entity2001 have previously been recognized as potentiators of @entity174 in the hip and knee but no cases of cervical @entity179 contributing to @entity174 have been reported. PURPOSE: This report documents a case series in which @entity1 sustained significant @entity130 in the setting of subchondral cervical cysts. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case series/academic level I @entity130 center. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, six @entity1 (ages 73-91 years) with cervical pathology were admitted to the @entity130 service at our Level I @entity130 center. The most common mechanism of injury was a low velocity fall, which occurred in 5 out of 6 @entity1 . All @entity1 suffered an @entity174 . In all cases, there was radiographic evidence of cyst formation, and computed tomographic imaging demonstrated @entity174 communication with the @entity2001 . RESULTS: Of the six cases, four were treated definitively with immobilization in a cervical orthosis and two required surgery. One @entity1 was treated with an occipital-cervical fusion, whereas the other underwent Brooks wiring. All @entity1 ultimately went on to heal their @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine have previously been recognized to potentiate injury. This report raises the question of whether degenerative processes at the C1-C2 articulation predispose elderly @entity1 to injury at this level. The presence of @entity528 at the @entity9807 should be recognized as a potential risk factor for @entity130 after relatively minor @entity130 .

title: XXXX : a risk factor for odontoid @entity174 in the elderly.

answer: @entity2001 :: (MESH:D001845,Disease) :: ['Subchondral cysts of the atlantoaxial joint']


abstract: New approaches in biochemistry and molecular biology have increased the knowledge on the pathophysiology of @entity102 as late @entity2412 , @entity195 , @entity4288 and @entity455 by defining the concept of "AGE-formation and oxidative stress." Nonenzymatic glycation, in which reducing @entity3363 are covalently bound to free aminogroups of macromolecules, results in the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) which accumulate during aging and at accelerated rate during the course of @entity6 . Glycation accompanying oxidation processes support AGE-formation. AGE-formation changes the physicochemical properties of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In addition, binding of AGEs to specific surface receptors induces cellular signalling and cell activation. Interaction of AGEs with one of the receptors, @entity5764 , generates intracellular oxidative stress, which results in activation of the transcription factor @entity2451 and subsequent gene expression, which might be relevant in late @entity2412 . CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the basis molecular mechanisms allows to understand the interplay of different inducers such as redicals, cytokines, AGE-proteins and amyloid-beta-peptids and to define oxidative stress as a "common endpoint" of cell dysfunction. With respect to therapeutic options it is now possible not only to optimize blood glycemic control, but also to design drugs such as AGE-inhibitors and AGE-" @entity2915 . In addition @entity1 with @entity102 associated with increased oxidative stress ay benefit from an antioxidant rich (and AGE protein poor?) nutrition.

title: [Non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress in XXXX and @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-link" breakers']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illnesses']


abstract: New approaches in biochemistry and molecular biology have increased the knowledge on the pathophysiology of @entity102 as late @entity2412 , @entity195 , @entity4288 and @entity455 by defining the concept of "AGE-formation and oxidative stress." Nonenzymatic glycation, in which reducing @entity3363 are covalently bound to free aminogroups of macromolecules, results in the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) which accumulate during aging and at accelerated rate during the course of @entity6 . Glycation accompanying oxidation processes support AGE-formation. AGE-formation changes the physicochemical properties of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In addition, binding of AGEs to specific surface receptors induces cellular signalling and cell activation. Interaction of AGEs with one of the receptors, @entity5764 , generates intracellular oxidative stress, which results in activation of the transcription factor @entity2451 and subsequent gene expression, which might be relevant in late @entity2412 . CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the basis molecular mechanisms allows to understand the interplay of different inducers such as redicals, cytokines, AGE-proteins and amyloid-beta-peptids and to define oxidative stress as a "common endpoint" of cell dysfunction. With respect to therapeutic options it is now possible not only to optimize blood glycemic control, but also to design drugs such as AGE-inhibitors and AGE-" @entity2915 . In addition @entity1 with @entity102 associated with increased oxidative stress ay benefit from an antioxidant rich (and AGE protein poor?) nutrition.

title: [Non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress in @entity102 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Our previous studies with the @entity19 model of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+ or Min @entity19 , demonstrated the optimal dose for @entity652 with @entity23393 was 10 mg/kg/day as an undivided dose. Divided doses exhibited no increased efficaciousness. This study examines 10 mg/kg @entity23393 daily (qd) on survival as well as a second daily (q.o.d.) schedule and compares it with sulindac @entity5879 . The q.o.d. schedule at 10 mg/kg was equally efficacious as qd treatment at the same dose. For the q.o.d. group, @entity5 number decreased similarly (p<0.01); while body @entity1017 (p<0.01), hematocrit and average @entity5 area (both, p<0.05) were improved compared with qd treatment. Treatment with @entity23393 (10 mg/kg/day) increased survival significantly (p=0.0004, log-rank) compared to vehicle treated animals. Major biological endpoints (hematocrit, @entity1017 , @entity5 number, average and total area [99% reduction]) were significantly improved in treated animals (p<0.01). Sulindac @entity5879 treatment (50 mg/kg/day) of the Min @entity19 produced no significant biological benefit. The dose schedule study suggests that for @entity5 reduction it is necessary to attain a threshold drug-level but not necessarily sustain it over 24 hrs (pharmacodynamic t1/2 > pharmacokinetic t1/2). During the period of administration @entity23393 dramatically prolongs survival for the @entity19 model of the @entity1 disease, @entity1412 .

title: Treatment and survival study in the C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+(Min) @entity19 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5879 :: ('CHEBI:35850', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfone']

entities_list: @entity23393 :: ('CHEBI:38666', 'Chemical') :: ['R-flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma reduction']

answer: @entity23393 :: (CHEBI:38666,Chemical) :: ['R-flurbiprofen']


abstract: Our previous studies with the @entity19 model of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+ or Min @entity19 , demonstrated the optimal dose for @entity652 with @entity23393 was 10 mg/kg/day as an undivided dose. Divided doses exhibited no increased efficaciousness. This study examines 10 mg/kg @entity23393 daily (qd) on survival as well as a second daily (q.o.d.) schedule and compares it with sulindac @entity5879 . The q.o.d. schedule at 10 mg/kg was equally efficacious as qd treatment at the same dose. For the q.o.d. group, @entity5 number decreased similarly (p<0.01); while body @entity1017 (p<0.01), hematocrit and average @entity5 area (both, p<0.05) were improved compared with qd treatment. Treatment with @entity23393 (10 mg/kg/day) increased survival significantly (p=0.0004, log-rank) compared to vehicle treated animals. Major biological endpoints (hematocrit, @entity1017 , @entity5 number, average and total area [99% reduction]) were significantly improved in treated animals (p<0.01). Sulindac @entity5879 treatment (50 mg/kg/day) of the Min @entity19 produced no significant biological benefit. The dose schedule study suggests that for @entity5 reduction it is necessary to attain a threshold drug-level but not necessarily sustain it over 24 hrs (pharmacodynamic t1/2 > pharmacokinetic t1/2). During the period of administration @entity23393 dramatically prolongs survival for the @entity19 model of the @entity1 disease, @entity1412 .

title: Treatment and survival study in the C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+(Min) XXXX with @entity23393 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the number of @entity1 treated for chronic @entity788 in 1994 in Japan and to explore the clinico-epidemiological features of chronic @entity788 . Two surveys were conducted. Stratified random sampling was used to select departments in which @entity1 with chronic @entity788 were treated, and two different questionnaires were administered to obtain relevant information. From the first survey, the total number of @entity1 treated for chronic @entity788 in Japan in the year 1994 was estimated as 32,000 (95% confidence interval, 25,000-39,000). Clinico-epidemiological features, based on the 2,523 @entity1 reported from the second survey, were subsequently clarified. The sex ratio (male/female) of the @entity1 was 3.5. @entity8883 was the most common type in males (68.5%), and idiopathic @entity788 in females (69.6%). Compared with the findings in the last survey in 1985, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity8883 has decreased slightly, from 58.7% to 55.5%, while that of @entity1689 has increased in both males and females. @entity1 diagnosed by advanced techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) accounted for 68.1% of the total. The number of @entity1 with chronic @entity788 treated in 1994 in Japan, was estimated as 32,000, with an overall prevalence rate of 45.4 per 100,000 population in males and 12.4 per 100,000 population in females.

title: Nationwide epidemiological survey of chronic XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic pancreatitis', 'alcoholic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Clinical effectiveness of @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) was studied for 46 elderly @entity1 with @entity1729 . 1. Clinical efficacy rate of @entity5579 was 80.6% (29/36). 2. Adverse reactions occurred in 2 @entity1 as systemic rush and fever. @entity854 were observed in 5 @entity1 . These included elevation of transaminase value. 3. The serum concentration of @entity5579 at 12 hours after administration of 2 g @entity5579 was not reflected in @entity1011 clearance and total @entity648 , and those 2 values appeared to have little effects on @entity5579 excretion. 4. The administration of @entity5579 at 4 g/day for less than 3 weeks had no effects on the renal function. As a result of this study, @entity5579 was found to have little undesirable effect on renal functions and to be a useful drug for the treatment of @entity1729 in elderly @entity1 .

title: [Clinical effectiveness of XXXX for @entity1729 of elderly @entity1 , focusing on its safety on renal function].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: Clinical effectiveness of @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) was studied for 46 elderly @entity1 with @entity1729 . 1. Clinical efficacy rate of @entity5579 was 80.6% (29/36). 2. Adverse reactions occurred in 2 @entity1 as systemic rush and fever. @entity854 were observed in 5 @entity1 . These included elevation of transaminase value. 3. The serum concentration of @entity5579 at 12 hours after administration of 2 g @entity5579 was not reflected in @entity1011 clearance and total @entity648 , and those 2 values appeared to have little effects on @entity5579 excretion. 4. The administration of @entity5579 at 4 g/day for less than 3 weeks had no effects on the renal function. As a result of this study, @entity5579 was found to have little undesirable effect on renal functions and to be a useful drug for the treatment of @entity1729 in elderly @entity1 .

title: [Clinical effectiveness of @entity2891 for XXXX of elderly @entity1 , focusing on its safety on renal function].

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: Clinical effectiveness of @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) was studied for 46 elderly @entity1 with @entity1729 . 1. Clinical efficacy rate of @entity5579 was 80.6% (29/36). 2. Adverse reactions occurred in 2 @entity1 as systemic rush and fever. @entity854 were observed in 5 @entity1 . These included elevation of transaminase value. 3. The serum concentration of @entity5579 at 12 hours after administration of 2 g @entity5579 was not reflected in @entity1011 clearance and total @entity648 , and those 2 values appeared to have little effects on @entity5579 excretion. 4. The administration of @entity5579 at 4 g/day for less than 3 weeks had no effects on the renal function. As a result of this study, @entity5579 was found to have little undesirable effect on renal functions and to be a useful drug for the treatment of @entity1729 in elderly @entity1 .

title: [Clinical effectiveness of @entity2891 for @entity1729 of elderly XXXX , focusing on its safety on renal function].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The clinical effectiveness and safety of @entity14698 ( @entity14698 , RU), a new macrolide antibiotic, were compared with those of @entity13648 (JM) using a double-blind method in the treatment of @entity281 . The diseases covered in this study were periodontal @entity281 , pericoronal @entity281 and @entity4421 of @entity89 . Drugs were administered for 3 to 7 days at daily doses of 300 mg (RU) and 1,200 mg (JM). A total of 270 cases was evaluated in this study. Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The clinical efficacy was evaluated through the judgement of doctors in charge of 247 cases (128 in the RU group and 119 in the JM group) and by a committee on the 3rd day of treatment in 243 cases (126 in the RU group and 117 in the JM group). Clinical efficacy rates according to the committee judgement were 78.6% for the RU group and 82.1% for the JM group. As for the evaluation through the doctors' judgement, they were 79.7% for the RU group and 73.1% for the JM group. There was no significant difference in clinical effectiveness between 2 groups according to these 2 methods of judgement. 2. Some side effects were observed in 4 cases (2.9% out of 136) treated with RU and in 3 cases (2.4% out of 126) treated with JM. No severe symptoms were observed. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values were noted among 7.9% in the RU group and 4.0% in the JM group. There were no significant differences in their safety between the 2 groups. 3. In terms of clinical usefulness, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups as well. From these results, it has been concluded that RU (daily dose 300 mg) is as effective as JM (daily dose 1,200 mg) in the treatment of @entity281 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX in odontogenic infection].

entities_list: @entity13648 :: ('MESH:D015570', 'Chemical') :: ['josamycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial odontogenic infections', 'infections']

answer: @entity14698 :: (MESH:D015575,Chemical) :: ['roxithromycin']


abstract: An essential problem in the diagnosis of @entity11158 is still the evaluation of the type and severity of the @entity2956 . For a differential classification of @entity2956 , we developed an electronic axiography system which facilitates a recording of lower @entity89 . It works 3-dimensionally and relates to the joints. The measuring system, which was internationally patented, is based on a linear resistive foil for the sagittal plane and an inductive gauge for the horizontal plane. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the usefulness of our electronic axiography system in obtaining a differential diagnosis of @entity11158 . We examined 30 @entity1 (60 joints) with complaints in the @entity1348 area ( @entity158 and @entity1348 sounds). Clinical examinations yielded only uncertain indications of @entity2956 . With the help of electronic axiography we could differentiate the @entity2956 into microtrauma and macrotrauma. Both forms may show a loss of function and an audible @entity1348 clicking. 23 joints had a macrotrauma (disk displacement with reduction, 20 times; disk displacement without reduction, 3 times). In 8 joints, a microtrauma was found. 3 joints showed a subluxation. In 4 uncertain cases, the diagnosis was confirmed with the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All @entity1 with a diagnosed @entity74 received adequate treatment with reposition splints. Our initial results show that 3-dimensional electronic axiography can be a good aid in further characterization of @entity11158 and permits an effective therapy.

title: XXXX --comparative investigations with clinical examination and electronic axiography.

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ disease', 'TMJ diseases']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw movements']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity11158 :: ('MESH:D017271', 'Disease') :: ['craniomandibular disorders']

answer: @entity11158 :: (MESH:D017271,Disease) :: ['Craniomandibular disorders']