abstract: INTRODUCTION: Health staff self-applied strategies are insufficiently to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this article is to investigate the prevalence of @entity2973 , @entity28 and @entity209 and waist/height index on health staff. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study from January to April 2014 in 735 workers of the UMAE Specialties La Raza. A diagnosis of @entity2973 and @entity28 was established according to WHO criteria and @entity209 NCEP @entity855 -III. In 250 @entity1 lipid profile and blood chemistry were obtained. Descriptive statistics was applied, chi square, Student t test or Kruskal-Wallis to compare groups. RESULTS: We included 496 @entity1 and 239 @entity1 (physicians, nurses and other workers). 38% were @entity2973 ; 22% had @entity28 . We found fasting @entity4854 >126 mg/dl in 5.1%, between 100-126 mg/dl in 17.4%, @entity2298 in 40.4%; HDL @entity165 <40 mg/dl 66% in @entity1 and HDL @entity165 <50 mg/dl 51.4% in @entity1 . Waist measurement was 93  11 cm in @entity1 vs. 88  13 m in @entity1 . The waist/height index in the ideal weight group was 0.048  0.04, for @entity2973 0.55  0.04 and for @entity28 0.65  0.064 (p<0.01). @entity209 prevalence was 30.6%, smoking 21.6% and @entity285 consumption 35%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity28 - @entity2973 was 60% and @entity209 30%, making it necessary to take immediate actions to modify the lifestyle of health staff.

title: [Overweigth, XXXX , @entity209 and waist/height index in health staff].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Health staff self-applied strategies are insufficiently to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this article is to investigate the prevalence of @entity2973 , @entity28 and @entity209 and waist/height index on health staff. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study from January to April 2014 in 735 workers of the UMAE Specialties La Raza. A diagnosis of @entity2973 and @entity28 was established according to WHO criteria and @entity209 NCEP @entity855 -III. In 250 @entity1 lipid profile and blood chemistry were obtained. Descriptive statistics was applied, chi square, Student t test or Kruskal-Wallis to compare groups. RESULTS: We included 496 @entity1 and 239 @entity1 (physicians, nurses and other workers). 38% were @entity2973 ; 22% had @entity28 . We found fasting @entity4854 >126 mg/dl in 5.1%, between 100-126 mg/dl in 17.4%, @entity2298 in 40.4%; HDL @entity165 <40 mg/dl 66% in @entity1 and HDL @entity165 <50 mg/dl 51.4% in @entity1 . Waist measurement was 93  11 cm in @entity1 vs. 88  13 m in @entity1 . The waist/height index in the ideal weight group was 0.048  0.04, for @entity2973 0.55  0.04 and for @entity28 0.65  0.064 (p<0.01). @entity209 prevalence was 30.6%, smoking 21.6% and @entity285 consumption 35%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity28 - @entity2973 was 60% and @entity209 30%, making it necessary to take immediate actions to modify the lifestyle of health staff.

title: [Overweigth, @entity28 , XXXX and waist/height index in health staff].

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) is characterized by stereotyped repetitive, @entity158 , referred as an electric shock, triggered by the stimulation of the rami of the trigeminy nerve. It presents more frequently in @entity1 . The aim is to know the efficacy of surgical treatment of @entity4254 against @entity158 by means of microvascular decompressive technics (MDT) and balloon percutaneous microcompression (BPM). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed from January 2005 to January 2013, including 73 @entity1 treated for @entity4254 . Sixty @entity1 from group 1 (82 %) were treated with MDT, and 13 from group 2 with BPM. We evaluated the presence of @entity158 in @entity1 during the immediate postoperative period, and at 1, 3 and 5 years. RESULTS: 55 female @entity1 and 18 male @entity1 were included. The mean age of presentation for @entity4254 was 55 years. In group 1 there was @entity158 remission in the immediate postoperative period in 95% of the cases, in 92% at one year, 91% at 3 years and 88% at 5 years; in group 2 in 85%, 84%, 84% and 70%, respectively. There were no lethal complications in 6.5% in group 1 and in 28% in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The two therapeutic procedures reduced @entity158 of @entity4254 in a long term in most @entity1 . Our results show high and perdurable resolution of the @entity158 with negligible morbimortality.

title: [Invasive management of XXXX . 8 years experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal neuralgia', 'TN']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'unilateral pain']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: Purpose:To retrospectively determine the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) obtained with 3.0-T diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and Gleason grades in @entity263 .Materials and Methods:The requirement to obtain institutional review board approval was waived. Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity263 underwent MR imaging before prostatectomy, including DW MR imaging with b values of 0, 50, 500, and 800 sec/mm(2). In prostatectomy specimens, separate slice-by-slice determinations of Gleason grade groups were performed according to primary, secondary, and tertiary Gleason grades. In addition, @entity5 were classified into qualitative grade groups (low-, intermediate-, or high-grade @entity5 ). ADC maps were aligned to step-sections and regions of interest annotated for each @entity5 slice. The median ADC of @entity5 was related to qualitative grade groups with linear mixed-model regression analysis. The accuracy of the median ADC in the most aggressive @entity5 component in the differentiation of low- from combined intermediate- and high-grade @entity5 was summarized by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (A(z)).Results:In 51 prostatectomy specimens, 62 different @entity5 and 251 step-section @entity5 lesions were identified. The median ADC in the @entity5 showed a negative relationship with Gleason grade group, and differences among the three qualitative grade groups were statistically significant (P < .001). Overall, with an increase of one qualitative grade group, the median ADC (  standard deviation) decreased 0.18   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.02. Low-, intermediate-, and high-grade @entity5 had a median ADC of 1.30   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, 1.07   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, and 0.94   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, respectively. ROC analysis showed a discriminatory performance of A(z) = 0.90 in discerning low-grade from combined intermediate- and high-grade lesions.Conclusion:ADCs at 3.0 T showed an inverse relationship to Gleason grades in @entity263 . A high discriminatory performance was achieved in the differentiation of low-, intermediate-, and high-grade @entity5 .   RSNA, 2011.

title: Relationship between Apparent Diffusion Coefficients at 3.0-T MR Imaging and Gleason Grade in Peripheral Zone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral zone prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a new index of the functional significance of intermediate coronary stenoses that is calculated from pressure measurements made during coronary arteriography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between non-hyperemic coronary pressure dicrotic notch and fractional flow reserve (FFR). A consecutive of 114 @entity1 (73 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 ) was enrolled in this study. Data were shown as means    SD. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software. The statistical significance of differences was determined by chi-square analysis with Yates correction. Significance was defined as P< 0.05. Positive dicrortic notch was observed in 97 @entity1 (85%). Significant association was detected between coronary pressure notch (dicrotic notch), and FFR as loss of the dicrotic notch was detected in 93.8% (15/16) of @entity1 with FFR less than 0.75 (P=0.001). Upon ROC curve, a cutoff FFR value of approximately 0.75 demonstrated sensivity and specifity of 93.8% and 98%, respectively for loss of the dicrotic notch. The positive predictive value for loss of the dicrotic notch was 88.2%. Our study demonstrated loss of non-hyperemic coronary pressure diacrotic notch correlates significantly with FFR and may predict an FFR < 0.75 with high accuracy. In @entity1 with functionally significant @entity3979 , loss of non-hyperemic diacrotic notch appears to be a useful index of the functional severity of the stenoses and the need for coronary revascularization.

title: The non-hyperemic coronary pressure notch as an indicator of the physiologic significance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe our initial experience with the novel 5   F SOFIA (Soft Torqueable catheter Optimized For Intracranial Access) intermediate and aspiration catheter for endovascular treatment of @entity1 with acute @entity385 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in three centers of prospectively collected data of all @entity64 @entity1 who underwent endovascular therapy using the SOFIA catheter. @entity1 were enrolled between November 2013 and December 2014. The primary endpoint of the study was accessibility of the @entity715 with the SOFIA catheter. As a secondary endpoint, the study assessed recanalization success ( @entity385 ( @entity385 ) >= 2b). Clinical presentation on admission and discharge was also documented. In addition, catheter- and procedure-related complications (particularly @entity1031 complications) were recorded. RESULTS: The SOFIA catheter was used in 115 @entity64 . In 110 cases (96%) the catheter could be advanced to the occlusion site. After mechanical thrombectomy, successful recanalization ( @entity385 >= 2b) was documented in 86.9%. There were no complications related to positioning of the catheter. Distal @entity715 migration into a new vascular territory occurred in three @entity1 following thrombectomy with a stent retriever (2.6%). The mean NIH @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score on admission was 16.8  6 and at discharge the mean NIHSS score was 8.2  7.7. Sixteen @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: The SOFIA catheter is a safe and efficient catheter for @entity64 therapy.

title: Initial experience with a new distal intermediate and aspiration catheter in the treatment of acute XXXX : clinical safety and efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke procedures', 'Stroke', 'endovascular stroke']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction', 'TICI']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different natalizumab washout (WO) periods on recurrence of MRI and clinical disease activity in @entity1 switching from natalizumab to fingolimod. METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (TOFINGO), @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) were randomized 1:1:1 to 8-, 12-, or 16-week WO followed by fingolimod treatment over 32 weeks from last natalizumab infusion (LNI). Brain MRI was performed at baseline and weeks 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. RESULTS: Of 142 enrolled and randomized @entity1 , 112 (78.9%) completed the study (8 weeks, n = 41/50; 12 weeks, n = 31/42; 16 weeks, n = 40/50). Number (95% confidence interval [CI]) of active (new/newly enlarged T2) lesions from LNI through 8 weeks of fingolimod treatment (primary outcome) was similar in the 8-week (2.1 [1.7-2.6]) and 12-week WO groups (1.7 [1.3-2.2]) and higher in the 16-week WO group (8.2 [7.3-9.1]). During the WO period only, the number (95% CI) of active lesions increased with increasing WO duration (8 weeks, 0.4 [0.2-0.6]; 12 weeks, 2.1 [1.6-2.6]; 16 weeks, 3.6 [3.0-4.2]). Over the 24 weeks from LNI, @entity2287 -enhancing @entity75 counts were lower in the 8-week WO group (14.1 [5.67-22.53]) than in the 12-week (21.3 [1.41-41.19]) or 16-week (18.5 [8.40-28.60]) WO groups. More @entity1 were relapse-free in the 8-week (88%) and 12-week (91%) WO groups than the 16-week WO group (84%). Sixty-eight percent of @entity1 experienced adverse events (mostly mild/moderate), with similar incidence across groups. No unusually severe relapses or @entity1292 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Initiating fingolimod therapy 8-12 weeks after natalizumab discontinuation is associated with a lower risk of MRI and clinical disease reactivation than initiation after 16-week WO. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that for @entity1 with @entity3780 switching from natalizumab to fingolimod, shorter natalizumab WO periods are associated with less MRI disease activity than are longer WO periods.

title: Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod: A randomized, placebo-controlled study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity3780 :: (MESH:D020529,Disease) :: ['RRMS']


abstract: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) includes @entity1150 and @entity1151 . Although much is known about risk factors for @entity1211 , there is failure in administration of appropriate prophylaxis to @entity1 who are at risk for @entity1211 . A paper-based reminder system is considered to be among the most effective methods of improving @entity1211 prophylaxis in hospitalized @entity1 . However, their success relies on choosing an evidence-based institutional guideline and implementation of its recommendations. This study was carried out to detect the extent of application of the institutional guideline (Caprini score risk assessment sheet). The study was carried out in the Jordan University Hospital; 354 @entity1 were enrolled in the study and distributed among the following wards: nonorthopedic surgical (n = 119), medical (n = 220), and surgical orthopedic wards (n = 15). The risk assessment sheet was present in only 47.2% of the @entity1 's' files, and the scores in the files were estimated correctly in only 52.1% of cases. Prophylaxis received by @entity1 matched the recommendation of the Caprini score in 67.1% of the @entity1 . The degree of concordance of the @entity1211 prophylaxis with the Caprini score was 59.9%. This study showed that the institutional guideline was poorly implemented in the hospital.

title: Evaluation of XXXX prophylaxis after the introduction of an institutional guideline: Extent of application and implementation of its recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute @entity7551 in adults is one of the most common @entity166 seen in general practitioners' consultations. Viral aetiology is the most common. Among bacterial causes, the main agent is @entity4195 or group A b-haemolytic @entity4195 (GABHS), which causes 5%-30% of the episodes. In the diagnostic process, clinical assessment scales can help clinicians to better predict suspected bacterial aetiology by selecting @entity1 who should undergo a rapid antigen detection test. If these techniques are not performed, an overdiagnosis of @entity883 often occurs, resulting in unnecessary prescriptions of antibiotics, most of which are broad spectrum. Consequently, management algorithms that include the use of predictive clinical rules and rapid tests have been set up. The aim of the treatment is speeding up symptom resolution, reducing the contagious time span and preventing local suppurative and @entity532 . @entity114 and @entity115 are the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of @entity7551 . The association of @entity115 and @entity798 is not indicated as the initial treatment of @entity697 . Neither are macrolides indicated as first-line therapy; they should be reserved for @entity1 allergic to @entity114 . The appropriate diagnosis of @entity2348 and proper use of antibiotics based on the scientific evidence available are crucial. Using management algorithms can be helpful in identifying and screening the cases that do not require antibiotic therapy.

title: [Recommendations for management of acute XXXX in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin', 'Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-suppurative complications']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['pharyngitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modifying some lifestyle factors can be useful in @entity308 , at least as an adjuvant treatment. Combining different lifestyle interventions seems to be an adequate strategy to increase their antidepressant efficacy according with preliminary studies, but this issue has not been enough investigated. METHODS: The present study is a randomized, double-blinded, multicentre, two arm-parallel clinical trials, with a 12 month follow-up. The sample consisted of 273 Primary Care @entity1 . Four combined hygienic-dietary written recommendations were given to the @entity1 about diet, exercise, light exposure and sleep hygiene. RESULTS: Both active and control interventions were associated with improvement on BDI (Beck @entity308 Inventory) scores. However, there were not statistically significant differences (7.0 vs. 7.6; p=0.594). LIMITATIONS: We were unable to monitor whether @entity1 carry out recommendations. Intervention could be too difficult to accomplish for @entity308 @entity1 without enough support and supervision. CONCLUSIONS: Just giving written lifestyle recommendations are not enough for @entity308 @entity1 to benefit from them, so perhaps lifestyle change recommendations work or do not work on @entity308 depending on how they are presented to @entity1 and on monitoring systems of their implementation.

title: Lifestyle change recommendations in major XXXX : Do they work?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether geriatric conditions and functional impairment are independent risk factors for @entity137 ( @entity137 ). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Veterans Affairs Medical Center. @entity1 : Three hundred seventy-seven veterans aged 65 and older and taking five or more medications. MEASUREMENTS: Geriatric conditions and functional status were assessed using @entity1 interviews and structured assessments at study baseline. @entity137 were elicited during @entity1 interviews 3 and 12 months after study enrollment using validated methods. RESULTS: The strong majority (97%) of @entity1 were male, with a mean age of 74    5; 123 (33%) had one or more dependencies in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Over the 1-year study period, 126 @entity1 (33%) developed 167 @entity137 . Upon multivariable analysis, risk of @entity137 was not associated with any of the geriatric conditions that there was sufficient power to evaluate, including IADL function, @entity73 , @entity308 , @entity227 , @entity322 , @entity1142 , and a summative measure of geriatric burden comprising the above and history of falls or gait instability. In exploratory analyses, the strongest factor associated with @entity137 was the number of drugs added to a @entity1 's medication regimen during the 1-year study period (incidence rate ratio 1.11 per each added drug, 95% confidence interval=1.03-1.19). CONCLUSION: Common geriatric conditions and IADL function were not associated with @entity137 in a predominantly male, older veteran population. Although it is important to consider the unique circumstances of each @entity1 , excessive caution in prescribing to older adults with these geriatric conditions may not be warranted.

title: Geriatric conditions, medication use, and risk of XXXX in a predominantly male, older veteran population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug events', 'ADEs']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['adverse drug events']


abstract: Protein aggregation is the hallmark of several @entity179 . These @entity6960 (fibrillization) disorders are also known as @entity74 . The mechanism of @entity6960 involves conformation switch of the native protein, oligomer formation leading to protofibrils and finally mature fibrils. Mature fibrils have long been considered as the cause of disease pathogenesis; however, recent evidences suggest oligomeric intermediates formed during fibrillization to be toxic. In this review, we have tried to address the ongoing debate for these toxic amyloid species. We did an extensive literature search and collated information from Pubmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. @entity26548 ) and Google search using various permutations and combinations of the following keywords: @entity179 , @entity6960 , fibrils, oligomers, @entity137 , @entity195 , @entity191 . We describe different instances showing the @entity137 of mature fibrils as well as oligomers in @entity195 and @entity191 . Distinct structural framework and morphology of amyloid oligomers suggests difference in toxic effect between oligomers and fibrils. We highlight the difference in structure and proposed @entity137 pathways for fibrils and oligomers. We also highlight the evidences indicating that intermediary oligomeric species can act as potential diagnostic biomarker. Since the formation of these toxic species follow a common structural switch among @entity74 , the @entity6960 events can be targeted for developing broad-range therapeutics. The therapeutic trials based on the understanding of different protein conformers (monomers, oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils) in amyloid cascade are also described.

title: Toxic species in XXXX : Oligomers or mature fibrils.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegeneration, amyloid disorders', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various amyloid disorders', 'amyloid disorders']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['amyloid disorders']


abstract: A 22-year-old male student with no past medical illness, presented with acute onset @entity4653 , @entity892 , and @entity1282 over 10 hours. On examination, he had @entity591 , @entity101 , generalized @entity2915 , and bilateral pupil sparing oculomotor, troclear, abducens, trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and @entity4775 . Rest examination was unremarkable. @entity2103 conduction study (NCS) showed decreased amplitude bilaterally and neurogenic pattern on electromyography. Limb NCS, repetitive nerve stimulation, @entity1339 test, brain magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and biochemical tests were normal. Only positive tests were low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (<0.01), high free T3 (19.2 pmol/L), and high free T4 (39.2 pmol/L). Thyroid ultrasonography, anti-thyroid peroxidase, and anti-thyroglobulin antibody were normal. @entity1 was treated with anti-thyroid drugs, with which he completely recovered in 2 months. Though many cases with @entity121 have been reported, only few mention neuropathic cause of @entity1282 or @entity5013 cranialis. Getting done thyroid function tests may be helpful in @entity1 with @entity5013 cranialis of uncertain etiology.

title: XXXX with generalized hyperreflexia as a presenting manifestation of thyrotoxicosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5013 :: ('MESH:D009443', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuritis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-reflexia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4775 :: ('MESH:D020421', 'Disease') :: ['vagus nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['binocular diplopia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic myopathy']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity5013 :: (MESH:D009443,Disease) :: ['Polyneuritis cranialis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to calculate the cost-effectiveness of on-demand and prophylactic treatments of severe @entity447 for Bulgarian @entity1 . The point of view is that of all @entity1 suffering from severe @entity447 . An epidemiological model was created, which includes data regarding the number of @entity1 divided into age groups up to 74  years. In the model, the transition age from prophylactic to on-demand treatment was gradually increased to up to 40  years. Costs of @entity4461 factor, hospitalization, major surgery and indirect costs were considered; incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated. The results showed that despite the increase in the costs for factor @entity797 with 20 million BGN, the saving obtained from other health services and indirect expenses reduce the overall expenses with 5.3 million BGN. If there is a gradual increase in the age when @entity1 are transferred from a prophylactic to an on-demand regimen, the costs for factor @entity797 would increase from 10.4 million to 19.7 million BGN, but due to a decrease in indirect costs as well as other health service costs, the total costs would decrease. The sensitivity analysis showed that the costs for clotting factor @entity797 are what influences the cost-effectiveness in both regimes. This indicates that decreases in the factor @entity797 cost will increase the overall efficiency in both regimes. In conclusion, the application of the prophylactic regime for @entity1 up to 40  years of age will provide better treatment, increase the quality of life and decrease the incremental costs.

title: Humanistic and economic aspects of XXXX treatment in Bulgaria. Comparison between two therapeutic approaches: prophylactic vs. on-demand treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clotting']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Purine @entity8742 analogs (PNAs) constitute an important group of cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of neoplastic and @entity792 . In the present study, classification models have been developed for the prediction of the anti-HIV activity of purine @entity8742 analogs. RESULTS: The topochemical version of superaugmented pendentic index-4 has been proposed and successfully utilized for the development of models. A total of 60 2D and 3D @entity74 ( @entity74 ) of diverse nature were selected for building the classification models using decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and moving average analysis (MAA). The values of most of these descriptors for each of the analogs in the dataset were computed using the Dragon software (version 5.3). An in-house computer program was also employed to calculate additional @entity74 which were not included in the Dragon software. DT, RF, and SVM correctly classified the analogs into actives and inactives with an accuracy of 89  %, 83  %, and 78  %, respectively. MAA-based models predicted the anti-HIV activity of purine @entity8742 analogs with a non-error rate up to 98  %. Therapeutic active spans of the suggested MAA-based models not only showed more potency but also exhibited enhanced safety as revealed by comparatively high values of selectivity index (SI). The statistical importance of the developed models was appraised via intercorrelation analysis, specificity, sensitivity, non-error rate, and Matthews correlation coefficient. CONCLUSIONS: High predictability of the proposed models clearly indicates an immense potential for developing lead molecules for potent but safe anti-HIV @entity19311 analogs.

title: Diverse models for anti-HIV activity of purine XXXX analogs.

entities_list: @entity19311 :: ('CHEBI:26394', 'Chemical') :: ['purine nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular descriptors', 'MDs']

answer: @entity8742 :: (D009705,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the treatment failure of suspected early onset @entity295 with either 3-day or 5-day course of empirical antibiotic therapy. METHODS: @entity1 with birth weight over 1500 g and/or gestational age over 34 weeks within 7 days postnatal age with clinical symptoms of @entity295 received empirical antibiotics ( @entity869 + @entity4509 ) in two neonatal intensive care units. After 72 hours if the result of blood culture was negative and symptoms resolved they were randomly allocated to 3-day or 5-day groups. The main outcome was treatment failure which was defined as reappearance of symptoms of @entity295 within two weeks after discontinuation of antibiotics. @entity1 with @entity154 , @entity281 , @entity1763 , those undergoing surgery or when serum @entity1851 levels remained abnormal despite treatment, were not included. Randomization was accomplished with simple randomization procedure. FINDINGS: Sixty @entity1 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either group. Baseline characteristics were similar between two groups. The follow-up period was 2 weeks with no lost to follow-up. One @entity1 in 3-day group had treatment failure compared with no treatment failure in 5-day group (P=0.5). No serious harm was observed due to our empirical antibiotic regimen. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated no evidence that treatment failure differs between 3-day and 5-day course antibiotic therapy for suspected early onset @entity295 in late preterm and term newborns.

title: 3-Day versus 5-Day Course of Intravenous Antibiotics for Suspected Early Onset XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis', 'uncomplicated neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['localized infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Neonatal Sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) allows long-term tube feeding. Safety of pull-type and introducer @entity970 placement in oncology @entity1 with head/neck or oesophageal @entity5 is unknown. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 299 @entity1 undergoing @entity970 tube placement between January 2006 and December 2008 revealed 57 oncology @entity1 . All @entity1 with head/neck or oesophageal malignancy were treated with chemo- and radiotherapy. In case of high-grade stenosis introducer Freka   Pexact @entity970 tube was placed (n = 24) and in all other @entity1 (n = 33) conventional pull-type @entity970 tube. Short-term complications and mortality rates were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 ' characteristics and clinical status were comparable in both groups. Short-term complications were encountered in 11/24 (48%) introducer @entity970 @entity1 as compared to only 4/33 (12%) pull-type @entity970 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Accidental removal of the introducer @entity970 tube occurred in 4/24 (17%) with need for surgical intervention in 1 vs. 0/33 (0%, P < 0.05). @entity2737 occurred in 3/24 (12%) leading to @entity326 and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) in 1 vs. 3/33 (9%, NS). Finally, 3/24 gastrointestinal perforations (12%) resulted from a difficult placement procedure vs. 1/33 (3%), leading to urgent surgical intervention and admission to ICU. Two introducer @entity970 @entity1 died at ICU, resulting in an overall mortality rate of 8% vs. 0% (P = 0.091). CONCLUSION: The introducer Freka   Pexact @entity970 procedure for long-term tube feeding may lead to significantly higher complication and mortality rates in @entity1 with head/neck or oesophageal @entity5 treated with chemo- and radiotherapy. It is suggested to use the conventional pull-type @entity970 tube placement in this group of @entity1 , if possible.

title: Safety of pull-type and introducer percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes in oncology XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Violence is the cause of death for 1.5 million @entity1 in a year. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to estimate the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal violence related @entity130 (VRPI) and its associated factors in Iran. @entity1 AND METHODS: The sample included @entity1 ranged from 15 to 64 years old who were residing in Iran. A total of 1525 clusters were selected from the whole country. Six families were selected from each cluster via a systematic random sampling method. Then, the residential units were identified and the interviewers contacted the inhabitants. In the next step, one of the family members was selected by using Kish grid method. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and consisted of two sections; demographics and project related data. Face validity and content validity of our questionnaire were investigated based on expert opinions and the reliability was confirmed by a pilot study, as well. The inclusion criteria were considered for choosing the interviewers. An interviewer was assigned for each 42 @entity1 (7 clusters). An educational seminar was held for the administrative managers (54 @entity1 ) and interviewers (230 @entity1 ) for a week. The field work was distributed among all 46 Medical Sciences universities in Iran. In each university, administrative issues were related to an executive director. Mann-Whitney U test and odds ratio were used to analyze the data with 95% confidence interval. a value was considered less than 5%. RESULTS: The frequency of VRPI among 7886 @entity1 was 24 during the last three months. The incidence rate of interpersonal VRPI was estimated at 3.04 per 1000 population (95% CI: 2.66-3.42) during a three-month interval in Iran. The incidence was 4.72 per 1000 population (95% CI: 4.01-5.43) for males and 1.78 per 1000 population (95% CI: 1.39-2.17) for females during a three-month interval. The mean (SD) of age of the @entity1 with and without a history of VRPI were 26.5 (7.21) and 33.05 (12.05) years, respectively (P = 0.008). Considering the @entity1 ' gender, 66.7% were males (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.14-6.23). Khuzestan Province had the most VRPIs (25% of all VRPIs). Streets and roads were the places with the highest frequency of injury (50%). The most frequent injured organ was the upper limb (54.17%). The most prevalent @entity130 was a superficial wound (50%). Finally, the most common place of treatment was home (45.83%). CONCLUSIONS: We determined the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal VRPI for the first time in Iran based on a national survey. The injuries were more common among young @entity1 . We suggest consecutive national surveys with different data gathering methods and more sample sizes.

title: Incidence of self-reported interpersonal violence related XXXX in iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury', 'physical injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['physical injury']


abstract: @entity932 ( @entity2698 ) is an @entity146 . A particularly challenging aspect of management of @entity1 with @entity2698 is optimizing treatment for recurrence, progression, and extracranial @entity3 . Here we describe a modern cohort of @entity1 with recurrent @entity2698 to better understand treatment strategies that may improve outcome. @entity1 managed at UCSF for recurrent intracranial @entity2698 were compiled into a single database based on a retrospective review of @entity1 records, including operative, radiologic, and clinic reports. Cox regression was performed to determine factors that independently predicted treatment outcomes. At UCSF, 14 @entity1 with available treatment and follow-up data were seen for management of @entity2698 recurrence. Eight @entity1 underwent repeat surgical resection, of whom four received adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), one received additional Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS), and one received brachytherapy. Radiosurgical intervention alone was utilized for recurrence in six @entity1 , with four receiving GKS and two receiving CyberKnife. Nine @entity1 suffered a second recurrence at a median time of 3.5 years following reintervention. Nine @entity1 died following reintervention, with a median survival of 7.9 years following intervention for recurrence. In univariate analysis, factors associated with increased time to second recurrence included non-posterior fossa location (log rank, p < 0.05) and surgical resection with adjuvant EBRT (log rank, p < 0.05). The addition of adjuvant EBRT to surgical resection similarly extended overall survival compared to surgical resection alone (log rank, p < 0.05). GKS was associated with earlier second recurrence compared to surgically based strategies (log rank, p < 0.05). We conclude that when combined with surgical resection, EBRT appears promising in the extension of second recurrence-free survival and overall survival. This multimodality approach also appears to outperform GKS in extending time to second recurrence. Accordingly, when safe and feasible, surgical resection of recurrent @entity2698 with adjuvant EBRT should be the first steps in management.

title: Management of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive meningothelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Within a three-step mixed-methods study to investigate using acupuncture and moxibustion (acu/moxa) in the management of @entity5 treatment-related upper @entity1053 , Step 2 obtained preliminary data about: 1) whether acu/moxa can improve quality of life, 2) the most troublesome symptoms, and 3) adverse effects. METHODS AND SAMPLE: An exploratory single-arm observational clinical study included breast (BC) and @entity135 ( @entity135 ) survivors with mild-to-moderate uncomplicated lymphoedema for >= 3 months, >= 3 months post active- @entity5 treatment, no active @entity5 , undergoing routine lymphoedema maintenance. @entity1 received seven individualised treatments (S1), and six optional additional treatments (S2). MYMOP, SF-36 and PANAS were administered at baseline, during each series, and at follow-up 4 and 12 weeks after end-of-treatment. The primary outcome was change in MYMOP scores at the end of each series. KEY RESULTS: Of 35 @entity1 recruited, 30 completed S1 and S2, 3 completed S1, 2 were lost to the study. Mean MYMOP profile change scores for BC @entity1 were 1.28 points improvement on a 7-point scale (sd  =  0.93, p  <  0.0001, n  =  25) for S1; and 1.41 for S2 (sd  =  0.94, p  <  0.0001, n  =  24). S1 @entity135 change scores were 2.29 points improvement (sd  =  0.62, p  <  0.0001, n  =  7); and 0.94 for S2 (sd  =  0.95, p  =  0.06, n  =  6). Changes in some SF-36 scores for BC @entity1 were significant to 4 weeks after treatment. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This small study suggests acu/moxa is an acceptable adjunct to usual care for @entity5 survivors with lymphoedema. Further rigorous research is warranted to explore the effectiveness of acu/moxa in reducing the symptom burden.

title: Assessing the feasibility of using acupuncture and moxibustion to improve quality of life for @entity5 survivors with upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['body lymphoedema']

answer: @entity1053 :: (MESH:D001835,Disease) :: ['body lymphoedema']


abstract: PURPOSE: Within a three-step mixed-methods study to investigate using acupuncture and moxibustion (acu/moxa) in the management of @entity5 treatment-related upper @entity1053 , Step 2 obtained preliminary data about: 1) whether acu/moxa can improve quality of life, 2) the most troublesome symptoms, and 3) adverse effects. METHODS AND SAMPLE: An exploratory single-arm observational clinical study included breast (BC) and @entity135 ( @entity135 ) survivors with mild-to-moderate uncomplicated lymphoedema for >= 3 months, >= 3 months post active- @entity5 treatment, no active @entity5 , undergoing routine lymphoedema maintenance. @entity1 received seven individualised treatments (S1), and six optional additional treatments (S2). MYMOP, SF-36 and PANAS were administered at baseline, during each series, and at follow-up 4 and 12 weeks after end-of-treatment. The primary outcome was change in MYMOP scores at the end of each series. KEY RESULTS: Of 35 @entity1 recruited, 30 completed S1 and S2, 3 completed S1, 2 were lost to the study. Mean MYMOP profile change scores for BC @entity1 were 1.28 points improvement on a 7-point scale (sd  =  0.93, p  <  0.0001, n  =  25) for S1; and 1.41 for S2 (sd  =  0.94, p  <  0.0001, n  =  24). S1 @entity135 change scores were 2.29 points improvement (sd  =  0.62, p  <  0.0001, n  =  7); and 0.94 for S2 (sd  =  0.95, p  =  0.06, n  =  6). Changes in some SF-36 scores for BC @entity1 were significant to 4 weeks after treatment. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This small study suggests acu/moxa is an acceptable adjunct to usual care for @entity5 survivors with lymphoedema. Further rigorous research is warranted to explore the effectiveness of acu/moxa in reducing the symptom burden.

title: Assessing the feasibility of using acupuncture and moxibustion to improve quality of life for XXXX survivors with upper @entity1053 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9052 @entity3857 and @entity13885 exert anti- @entity28 effects via the modulation of physiological lipid metabolism in vivo or intracellular signalling in cell culture systems. However, the complicated relationship between the anti- @entity28 effects of @entity9052 and gene expression has yet to be defined under in vivo conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the anti- @entity28 effects of Korean red @entity9052 extract (KRGE) and hepatic gene expression profiles in @entity19 fed long-term on a high-fat diet (HFD) in this study. RESULTS: KRGE reduces the levels of @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (LDL-C), serum @entity1674 , and atherogenic indices. Levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin, which regulate @entity413 and lipid metabolism, were impaired profoundly by HFD. However, KRGE treatment brought these levels back to normal. KRGE was found to down-regulate genes associated with lipid metabolism or @entity165 metabolism (Lipa, Cyp7a1, Il1rn, Acot2, Mogat1, Osbpl3, Asah3l, Insig1, Anxa2, Vldlr, Hmgcs1, Sytl4, Plscr4, Pla2g4e, Slc27a3, Enpp6), all of which were up-regulated by HFD. CONCLUSION: KRGE regulated the expression of genes associated with abnormal physiology via HFD. Leptin, insulin, and adiponectin, which carry out critical functions in energy and lipid metabolism, were shown to be modulated by KRGE. These results show that KRGE is effective in preventing @entity28 .

title: Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red XXXX extract in @entity19 fed on a high-fat diet.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity13885 :: ('MESH:D036145', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenosides']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['Ginseng', 'ginseng']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9052 @entity3857 and @entity13885 exert anti- @entity28 effects via the modulation of physiological lipid metabolism in vivo or intracellular signalling in cell culture systems. However, the complicated relationship between the anti- @entity28 effects of @entity9052 and gene expression has yet to be defined under in vivo conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the anti- @entity28 effects of Korean red @entity9052 extract (KRGE) and hepatic gene expression profiles in @entity19 fed long-term on a high-fat diet (HFD) in this study. RESULTS: KRGE reduces the levels of @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (LDL-C), serum @entity1674 , and atherogenic indices. Levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin, which regulate @entity413 and lipid metabolism, were impaired profoundly by HFD. However, KRGE treatment brought these levels back to normal. KRGE was found to down-regulate genes associated with lipid metabolism or @entity165 metabolism (Lipa, Cyp7a1, Il1rn, Acot2, Mogat1, Osbpl3, Asah3l, Insig1, Anxa2, Vldlr, Hmgcs1, Sytl4, Plscr4, Pla2g4e, Slc27a3, Enpp6), all of which were up-regulated by HFD. CONCLUSION: KRGE regulated the expression of genes associated with abnormal physiology via HFD. Leptin, insulin, and adiponectin, which carry out critical functions in energy and lipid metabolism, were shown to be modulated by KRGE. These results show that KRGE is effective in preventing @entity28 .

title: Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red @entity9052 extract in XXXX fed on a high-fat diet.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous animal studies suggest a functional relationship between metabolism, @entity164 2 @entity6 , and the amplitude of daily rhythms in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). However, data interpretation is confounded by differences in genetic background and diet or limited sampling points. We have taken the novel approach of analyzing serial @entity1 @entity1386 biopsies across a 24-h cycle in controlled laboratory conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Lean (n = 8), overweight/ @entity28 (n = 11), or overweight/ @entity28 @entity164 2 @entity6 (n = 8) volunteers followed a strict sleep-wake and dietary regimen for 1 week prior to the laboratory study. They were then maintained in controlled light-dark conditions in a semirecumbent posture and fed hourly during wake periods. Subcutaneous @entity1386 biopsies were collected every 6 h over 24 h, and gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Lean individuals exhibited significant (P < 0.05) temporal changes of core clock ( @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity5395 , @entity19344 , @entity8713 , and @entity13520 ) and metabolic (REVERBa, @entity34592 , and @entity6217 ) genes. The @entity8713 rhythm was in approximate antiphase with the other clock genes. It is noteworthy that there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of increased body weight or @entity164 2 @entity6 on rhythmic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: The robust nature of these rhythms and their relative phasing indicate that @entity1386 now can be considered as a peripheral tissue suitable for the study of in vivo @entity1 rhythms. Comparison of data between subject groups clearly indicates that @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 are not related to the amplitude of rhythmic @entity1386 gene expression in @entity1 maintained under controlled conditions.

title: Rhythmic diurnal gene expression in @entity1 adipose tissue from individuals who are lean, overweight, and XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous animal studies suggest a functional relationship between metabolism, @entity164 2 @entity6 , and the amplitude of daily rhythms in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). However, data interpretation is confounded by differences in genetic background and diet or limited sampling points. We have taken the novel approach of analyzing serial @entity1 @entity1386 biopsies across a 24-h cycle in controlled laboratory conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Lean (n = 8), overweight/ @entity28 (n = 11), or overweight/ @entity28 @entity164 2 @entity6 (n = 8) volunteers followed a strict sleep-wake and dietary regimen for 1 week prior to the laboratory study. They were then maintained in controlled light-dark conditions in a semirecumbent posture and fed hourly during wake periods. Subcutaneous @entity1386 biopsies were collected every 6 h over 24 h, and gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Lean individuals exhibited significant (P < 0.05) temporal changes of core clock ( @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity5395 , @entity19344 , @entity8713 , and @entity13520 ) and metabolic (REVERBa, @entity34592 , and @entity6217 ) genes. The @entity8713 rhythm was in approximate antiphase with the other clock genes. It is noteworthy that there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of increased body weight or @entity164 2 @entity6 on rhythmic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: The robust nature of these rhythms and their relative phasing indicate that @entity1386 now can be considered as a peripheral tissue suitable for the study of in vivo @entity1 rhythms. Comparison of data between subject groups clearly indicates that @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 are not related to the amplitude of rhythmic @entity1386 gene expression in @entity1 maintained under controlled conditions.

title: Rhythmic diurnal gene expression in @entity1 adipose tissue from individuals who are lean, overweight, and @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous animal studies suggest a functional relationship between metabolism, @entity164 2 @entity6 , and the amplitude of daily rhythms in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). However, data interpretation is confounded by differences in genetic background and diet or limited sampling points. We have taken the novel approach of analyzing serial @entity1 @entity1386 biopsies across a 24-h cycle in controlled laboratory conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Lean (n = 8), overweight/ @entity28 (n = 11), or overweight/ @entity28 @entity164 2 @entity6 (n = 8) volunteers followed a strict sleep-wake and dietary regimen for 1 week prior to the laboratory study. They were then maintained in controlled light-dark conditions in a semirecumbent posture and fed hourly during wake periods. Subcutaneous @entity1386 biopsies were collected every 6 h over 24 h, and gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Lean individuals exhibited significant (P < 0.05) temporal changes of core clock ( @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity5395 , @entity19344 , @entity8713 , and @entity13520 ) and metabolic (REVERBa, @entity34592 , and @entity6217 ) genes. The @entity8713 rhythm was in approximate antiphase with the other clock genes. It is noteworthy that there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of increased body weight or @entity164 2 @entity6 on rhythmic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: The robust nature of these rhythms and their relative phasing indicate that @entity1386 now can be considered as a peripheral tissue suitable for the study of in vivo @entity1 rhythms. Comparison of data between subject groups clearly indicates that @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 are not related to the amplitude of rhythmic @entity1386 gene expression in @entity1 maintained under controlled conditions.

title: Rhythmic diurnal gene expression in XXXX adipose tissue from individuals who are lean, overweight, and @entity164 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a major cause of @entity5 in much of the world. Most CRCs arise from pre-malignant ( @entity6349 ) lesions, such as @entity6523 , and current endoscopic screening approaches with white light do not detect all @entity75 . Thus, new strategies to identify such lesions, including @entity75 , are needed. We aim to identify and validate novel peptides that specifically @entity1049 in vivo. We used phage display to identify a novel peptide that binds to @entity694 in vivo in a genetically engineered @entity19 model of colo-rectal tumorigenesis, based on somatic @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene inactivation. Binding was confirmed using confocal microscopy on biopsied @entity652 and excised @entity652 incubated with peptide ex vivo. Studies of @entity19 where a mutant @entity11518 allele was somatically activated in the colon to generate @entity5072 epithelium were also performed for comparison. Several rounds of in vivo T7 library biopanning isolated a peptide, QPIHPNNM. The fluorescent-labeled peptide bound to @entity75 on endoscopic analysis. Quantitative assessment revealed the fluorescent-labeled peptide (target/background: 2.17  0.61) binds    2-fold greater to the @entity1586 when compared to the control peptide (target/background: 1.14  0.15), p<0.01. The peptide did not bind to the non- @entity6349 ( @entity5072 ) epithelium of the @entity11518 @entity19 . This work is first to image fluorescence-labeled peptide binding in vivo that is specific towards @entity694 on wide-area surveillance. This finding highlights an innovative strategy for targeted detection to localize pre-malignant lesions that can be generalized to the epithelium of hollow organs.

title: In vivo fluorescence-based endoscopic detection of XXXX in the @entity19 using a novel peptide probe.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions', 'non-polypoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'Apc']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic colonic mucosa', 'colonic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['target dysplastic colonic epithelium']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon dysplasia']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a major cause of @entity5 in much of the world. Most CRCs arise from pre-malignant ( @entity6349 ) lesions, such as @entity6523 , and current endoscopic screening approaches with white light do not detect all @entity75 . Thus, new strategies to identify such lesions, including @entity75 , are needed. We aim to identify and validate novel peptides that specifically @entity1049 in vivo. We used phage display to identify a novel peptide that binds to @entity694 in vivo in a genetically engineered @entity19 model of colo-rectal tumorigenesis, based on somatic @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene inactivation. Binding was confirmed using confocal microscopy on biopsied @entity652 and excised @entity652 incubated with peptide ex vivo. Studies of @entity19 where a mutant @entity11518 allele was somatically activated in the colon to generate @entity5072 epithelium were also performed for comparison. Several rounds of in vivo T7 library biopanning isolated a peptide, QPIHPNNM. The fluorescent-labeled peptide bound to @entity75 on endoscopic analysis. Quantitative assessment revealed the fluorescent-labeled peptide (target/background: 2.17  0.61) binds    2-fold greater to the @entity1586 when compared to the control peptide (target/background: 1.14  0.15), p<0.01. The peptide did not bind to the non- @entity6349 ( @entity5072 ) epithelium of the @entity11518 @entity19 . This work is first to image fluorescence-labeled peptide binding in vivo that is specific towards @entity694 on wide-area surveillance. This finding highlights an innovative strategy for targeted detection to localize pre-malignant lesions that can be generalized to the epithelium of hollow organs.

title: In vivo fluorescence-based endoscopic detection of @entity694 in the XXXX using a novel peptide probe.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the level of @entity308 in @entity1 with ocular inflammatory disease and to determine predictors of @entity308 in this population. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional survey and medical record review. METHODS: @entity1 were consecutive @entity1 with noninfectious ocular inflammatory disease in a university-based tertiary referral center. Subjects were given the self-administered Beck @entity308 Inventory-II (BDI-II), National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25), and additional supplemental questions. Medical records were reviewed for clinical characteristics. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare clinical characteristics between @entity1 with and without a positive screen for @entity308 , and a multivariate regression model was performed to determine the most significant predictors of @entity308 . RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity1 , 26.9% screened positive for @entity308 with the BDI-II. Of these subjects, only 39.3% had been previously diagnosed with @entity308 . NEI VFQ-25 scores were significantly lower in @entity308 @entity1 in all subscales except driving and color vision. Predictors of @entity308 were inadequate emotional support, lower visual functioning (VFQ composite score), history of changing immunomodulatory treatment, and current oral corticosteroid use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 may be a significant but underrecognized comorbid condition in @entity1 with ocular inflammatory disease. Worse visual function was associated with @entity308 . The authors recommend heightened awareness of potential @entity308 in @entity1 with ocular inflammatory disease.

title: Depression and visual functioning in XXXX with ocular inflammatory disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Prophylactic probiotic therapy has shown beneficial effects in an experimental @entity35 model for acute @entity788 on the health status of the animals. Mechanisms by which probiotic therapy interferes with severity of acute @entity788 and associated @entity295 , however, are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to identify the probiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota and to correlate these changes to disease outcome. Duodenum and ileum samples were obtained from healthy and diseased @entity35 subjected to @entity788 for 7 days and prophylactically treated with either a multispecies probiotic mixture or a placebo. Intestinal microbiota was characterized by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. These analyses showed that during acute @entity788 the host-specific ileal microbiota was replaced by an "acute @entity788 -associated microbiota." This replacement was not reversed by administration of the probiotic mixture. An increase, however, was observed in the relative abundance of a novel bacterial phylotype most closely related to Clostridium lituseburense and referred to as commensal @entity35 ileum bacterium (CRIB). Specific primers targeting the CRIB 16S rRNA gene sequence were developed to detect this phylotype by quantitative PCR. An ileal abundance of CRIB 16S rRNA genes of more than 7.5% of the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene pool was correlated with reduced duodenal @entity6124 , reduced bacterial translocation to remote organs, improved pancreas pathology, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels in plasma. Our current findings and future studies involving this uncharacterized bacterial phylotype will contribute to unraveling one of the potential mechanisms of probiotic therapy.

title: Correlation between protection against XXXX by probiotic therapy and stimulation of a novel bacterial phylotype.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is a devastating condition often affecting young and healthy individuals around the world. This debilitating condition not only creates enormous physical and emotional cost to individuals but also is a significant financial burden to society at large. The Objective was to study the outcome of spinal fixation with fixateur interne in cases of thoracolumbar spinal injuries in terms of neurological recovery and complications. METHODS: This Descriptive study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar, from March, 2006 to December, 2007 Study included @entity1 admitted in Neurosurgery Ward HMC, with acute traumatic spinal injuries during the above mentioned period who underwent thoracolumbar spinal fixation with fixateur interne. Name, age, sex, other relevant data, history, examination findings and investigation results were recorded. Postoperative outcome was evaluated taking neurological status, and complications like @entity281 , implant failure and other complications into consideration. Follow-up of 6 months was carried out. RESULTS: There were 31 @entity1 , (18 male and 13 female). Fall from height (48%), road traffic accidents (26%) and @entity130 (26%) caused the @entity130 . Most common age group was from 21-30 years age. Fractured vertebrae included 2 D11 @entity174 , 12 D12 @entity174 , 13 L1 @entity174 , 3 L2 @entity174 and 1 L3 @entity174 . Mean operative time 80 minutes, mean @entity190 200 ml, mean hospital stay 6 days and mortality rate was 0%. Number of @entity1 with Frankel grade A reduced from 27 to 19 and in Frankel grade E increased from 0 to 4 @entity1 . Only one @entity1 had @entity281 and one @entity1 had implant removal. CONCLUSION: Fixateur interne is a useful and low-cost implant for fixation of thoracolumbar junction injuries with @entity6632 and easy operative insertion and little @entity190 . It has excellent post-operative outcome in terms of neurological improvement and a very low complication rate. Mortality rate is minimal.

title: Outcome of fixateur interne in thoracolumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'crush injuries']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very easy availability']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity249 is inability to ensure @entity1 bearing when it is wanted. Prevalence of @entity249 in industrialised countries has been quoted as 20%, and seems to be on the rise. Traditional way to assess the uterine cavity, tubal structure and tubal patency was hysterosalpingography but it has now been largely superseded by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of laparoscopy in establishing diagnosis of @entity9814 . METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in Gynaecology Unit of Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan from 28th August 2000 to 1st July 2001. Total 200 sub-fertile @entity1 attended the gynaecology OPD. Out of these 30 @entity1 were selected for laparoscopy and dye test who were suspected cases of @entity46 , abnormal HSG and unexplained @entity249 . Those @entity1 who had medical disorders and contraindication for laparoscopy were excluded from study. Detailed history of every @entity1 was recorded on a proforma and physical examination was performed. Laparoscopy was scheduled in proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Data were analysed using SPSS 11. Frequency and percentages were calculated to describe the results. RESULTS: Out of 200 sub-fertile @entity1 total 30 @entity1 were selected for laparoscopy. Twenty (66%) @entity1 were in @entity249 group while 10 (33%) @entity1 were in secondary @entity249 group. Eleven (55%) @entity1 of @entity249 belong to age group of 18-25 years while 6 (60%) @entity1 of secondary @entity249 belong to age group of 26-33 years (TABLE 1). Mean duration of sub fertility at time of presentation in @entity249 group was 1.95 years while in secondary @entity249 was 2.70 years (Table 2). In @entity249 group main associated symptoms were dysmenorrhoeal in 8 (40%), irregular cycles 5 (25%), and @entity546 in 4 (20%). In secondary @entity249 group 3 (30%) @entity1 had dysmenorrhoeal and @entity546 while 2 (20%) had irregular cycles. The commonest cause observed in @entity1 with @entity249 was @entity46 spots which accounted for 11 (55%). In @entity432 was more common which accounted for 3 (30%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic procedures are less invasive, more convenient and more precise for diagnosis of @entity249 in @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['Sub-fertility', 'infertility', 'primary infertility', 'sub-fertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity9814 :: ('MESH:D007247', 'Disease') :: ['female infertility']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['secondary infertility tubal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity9814 :: (MESH:D007247,Disease) :: ['female infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is characterised by fluctuating periods of minimal disease activity and 'flare'. Flare is an important outcome variable impacting the disease burden associated with @entity1252 . The objective of this study was to obtain population-based utility values for varying severities of flare to measure the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Spain and the UK. METHODS: Six @entity283 ( @entity283 ) for varying severities of flare were developed based on literature, @entity1 blogs, and interviews with @entity1 (n   =   12), rheumatologists (n   =   7) and nurses (n   =   2). @entity283 were validated by independent clinical experts (n   =   6) and pilot interviews (n   =   10, UK). @entity283 were evaluated using the time-trade-off (TTO) method during face-to-face interviews with a minimum representative sample (n   =   100) of the general population, per-country. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were obtained to validate TTO scores. TTO scores were converted into utility values. RESULTS: The highest mean TTO utility scores were observed for the anchor @entity283 (minimal disease activity) across all countries; means ranged from 0.66 in Japan to 0.82 in UK. All flare @entity283 were associated with a disutility compared with the anchor @entity283 (p   <   0.001), means ranged across countries: mild flare @entity283 : 0.55-0.71, moderate flare @entity283 : 0.38-0.53, severe renal flare @entity283 : 0.33-0.45, severe @entity149 ( @entity149 ) flare @entity283 : 0.30-0.45 and severe generalised flare @entity283 : 0.19-0.33. Mean VAS scores followed the same trend. CONCLUSIONS: These results show increasing severity of flare has a detrimental impact on HRQoL. The severe generalised flare @entity283 received the lowest mean utility score suggesting that the perceived day-to-day impact of a severe generalised flare was greater than a severe @entity149 or severe renal flare. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first utility study to assess varying severities of flare in @entity1252 across six different countries.

title: Elicitation of health state utilities associated with varying severities of flares in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS', 'central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health states', 'HS']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence of @entity656 varies from 5 to 80 per 100,000 inhabitants throughout the world. Recognizing the natural course of severe @entity656 a multidisciplinary approach had become the standard. The strategy of postponing surgical intervention was implemented in the treatment algorithm several years ago. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 data from two five-year periods. The first period was from 01/1992 to 12/1997 (group 1), the second period from 10/2001 to 12/2006 (group 2). RESULTS: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of this approach on the outcome of our @entity1 with @entity788 . The time interval between onset of disease and first necrosectomy was in the mean 19.5 days in @entity1 of group 1 and 30 days in group 2 (p = 0.015). In group 1, 45/78 @entity1 (57%) were operated on during the first 14 days compared to 8/32 @entity1 (25%; p = 0.002) in group 2. The mortality was 41% in group 1 and 18% in group 2 (p = 0.026). There was also a statistically significant decrease in mortality when first necrosectomy was postponed after day 29 (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Our results are in line with several other analyses suggesting that the strategy of postponing surgery in @entity1 with @entity788 is associated with a decreased mortality.

title: Changing role of surgery in XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: Recent groundbreaking work has demonstrated that combined expression of the transcription factors @entity51783 , @entity7004 , and @entity72969 (BAM; also known as Wernig factors) convert @entity19 fibroblasts into postmitotic neuronal cells. However, questions remain regarding whether trans-conversion is achieved directly or involves an intermediary precursor stage. Trans-conversion toward expandable neural precursor cells (NPCs) is more useful than direct one-step neuron formation with respect to yielding a sufficient number of cells and the feasibility of manipulating @entity11408 differentiation toward certain neuron subtypes. Here, we show that co-expression of Wernig factors and @entity5613 induces fibroblast conversion into NPCs (induced NPCs (iNPCs)) that are highly expandable for >100 passages. Gene expression analyses showed that the iNPCs exhibited high expression of common @entity11408 genes but not genes specific to defined embryonic brain regions. This finding indicated that a regional identity of iNPCs was not established. Upon induction, iNPCs predominantly differentiated into astrocytes. However, the differentiation potential was not fixed and could be efficiently manipulated into general or specific subtypes of neurons by expression of additional genes. Specifically, overexpression of @entity55236 and @entity54223 , transcription factors specific for midbrain @entity935 neuron development, drove iNPCs to yield mature midbrain @entity935 neurons equipped with presynaptic DA neuronal functions. We further assessed the therapeutic potential of iNPCs in @entity191 model @entity35 .

title: Generation of XXXX Neurons from Rodent Fibroblasts through the Expandable Neural Precursor Cell Stage.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter device closure becomes the first option for treating secundum @entity118 ( @entity118 ), but the conventional method is sometimes unsuccessful even when the defect size indicates the closure to be feasible. To increase the success rate, modified methods have been introduced and used. This study aimed to find predictors for using the modified methods in the device closure of secundum ASDs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between October 2010 and December 2012, 92 @entity1 with ASDs underwent the transcatheter device closure. We analyzed the sizes of the defect, the surrounding rims, and the ratios of the left atrium (LA) dimensions to the device size in the @entity1 who underwent the procedure either using the conventional or modified methods. RESULTS: Among the 88 successful cases (95.7%), 22 @entity1 (25%) required modified methods (12 using pulmonary vein and 10 using balloon). The modified method group had the larger size of ASDs and smaller posterosuperior rim. The mean ratios of the LA anteroposterior diameter, width, and length to the device size were all significantly smaller in the modified methods group than in the conventional group (1.20 vs. 1.56, 1.32 vs. 1.71, and 1.61 vs. 2.07, respectively). We found that the risk factors for the modified methods were smaller retroaortic rim, larger @entity118 , and smaller LA dimension/device size. CONCLUSION: In addition to larger defects and smaller retroaortic rim, the smaller ratios of the LA dimensions to the device size influenced the need for the application of modified methods in the transcatheter device closure of ASDs.

title: Small left atrial size complicating percutaneous transcatheter device closure of secundum XXXX with conventional approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental approaches have been promising with the use of therapeutic @entity2332 after @entity131 ( @entity131 ) whereas clinical data have not supported its efficacy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether using selective deeper brain cooling correlates with a more neuroprotective effect on @entity428 ( @entity428 ) increments following @entity131 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male @entity35 (mean weight = 300 g; n = 25) were subjected to @entity1545 using a modified Marmarou method. Immediately after the onset of @entity131 , @entity35 were randomized into three groups. Selective brain cooling was applied around the head using ice packages. @entity932 ( @entity932 ) and @entity428 were continuously measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes and recorded for all groups. Group 1 (n = 5) was normothermia and was assigned as the control group. Group 2 (n = 10) received moderate @entity2332 with a target @entity932 of between 32  C - 33  C and Group 3 (n = 10) was given a @entity2332 with a target @entity932 of below 32  C. RESULTS: All subjects reached the target @entity932 by the 30th minute of @entity2332 induction. The @entity932 was significantly different in Group 2 compared to Group 1 only at the 120th minute (P = 0.017), while @entity428 was significantly lower starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.015). The @entity932 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2 starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The @entity428 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Group 1 starting from 30th minute (P = 0.001); however, a significant difference in @entity428 between Group 3 and Group 2 was observed only at the 180th minute (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicate that selective brain cooling is an effective method of decreasing @entity428 in @entity35 ; however, the @entity2332 caused a greater decrease in @entity428 three hours after @entity2332 induction.

title: An experimental study: does the neuroprotective effect increase when @entity2332 deepens after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'Intracranial Temperature']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'Intracranial Pressure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['deeper hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental approaches have been promising with the use of therapeutic @entity2332 after @entity131 ( @entity131 ) whereas clinical data have not supported its efficacy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether using selective deeper brain cooling correlates with a more neuroprotective effect on @entity428 ( @entity428 ) increments following @entity131 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male @entity35 (mean weight = 300 g; n = 25) were subjected to @entity1545 using a modified Marmarou method. Immediately after the onset of @entity131 , @entity35 were randomized into three groups. Selective brain cooling was applied around the head using ice packages. @entity932 ( @entity932 ) and @entity428 were continuously measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes and recorded for all groups. Group 1 (n = 5) was normothermia and was assigned as the control group. Group 2 (n = 10) received moderate @entity2332 with a target @entity932 of between 32  C - 33  C and Group 3 (n = 10) was given a @entity2332 with a target @entity932 of below 32  C. RESULTS: All subjects reached the target @entity932 by the 30th minute of @entity2332 induction. The @entity932 was significantly different in Group 2 compared to Group 1 only at the 120th minute (P = 0.017), while @entity428 was significantly lower starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.015). The @entity932 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2 starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The @entity428 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Group 1 starting from 30th minute (P = 0.001); however, a significant difference in @entity428 between Group 3 and Group 2 was observed only at the 180th minute (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicate that selective brain cooling is an effective method of decreasing @entity428 in @entity35 ; however, the @entity2332 caused a greater decrease in @entity428 three hours after @entity2332 induction.

title: An experimental study: does the neuroprotective effect increase when XXXX deepens after @entity131 ?

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9775 and @entity850 are rare entities. On average 1 case per year of @entity9775 is being seen in most of pediatric surgical centers and to date less than 10 cases of @entity694 have been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical record of @entity1 of @entity9775 and @entity850 managed during March 2006 to March 2010 was reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 of @entity9775 (11) and @entity850 (4) were the study population. Four were ascending colon @entity1146 , 2 at hepatic flexure and transverse colon each, and 1 at sigmoid colon. Two @entity1 had multiple colonic @entity1146 . One @entity1 of ascending colon @entity1146 also had @entity45289 . In @entity694 population (two congenital and two secondary to @entity3166 ), two were transverse @entity694 and two were sigmoid @entity694 . The preoperative diagnosis was distal small bowel @entity1146 in 11 @entity1 . Colonic @entity1146 were managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy in 8 @entity1 . The remaining 3 @entity1 were managed by exteriorizing both ends of @entity1146 . @entity694 cases were managed by primary colocolic anastomosis in 1 @entity1 and colocolic anastomosis under covering ileostomy in 3 @entity1 . Three @entity1 of @entity9775 succumbed postoperatively. CONCLUSION: @entity9775 and @entity850 are rare entities. Associated @entity14308 may result poor prognosis. @entity9775 can safely be managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy.

title: @entity9775 and XXXX : our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14308 :: ('MESH:C563519', 'Disease') :: ['alimentary tract malformations']

entities_list: @entity45289 :: ('MESH:C562561', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric atresia']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity9775 :: ('MESH:C562562', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic atresia', 'colonic atresia']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['atresias', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon stenosis', 'Colonic stenosis', 'colonic stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9775 and @entity850 are rare entities. On average 1 case per year of @entity9775 is being seen in most of pediatric surgical centers and to date less than 10 cases of @entity694 have been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical record of @entity1 of @entity9775 and @entity850 managed during March 2006 to March 2010 was reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 of @entity9775 (11) and @entity850 (4) were the study population. Four were ascending colon @entity1146 , 2 at hepatic flexure and transverse colon each, and 1 at sigmoid colon. Two @entity1 had multiple colonic @entity1146 . One @entity1 of ascending colon @entity1146 also had @entity45289 . In @entity694 population (two congenital and two secondary to @entity3166 ), two were transverse @entity694 and two were sigmoid @entity694 . The preoperative diagnosis was distal small bowel @entity1146 in 11 @entity1 . Colonic @entity1146 were managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy in 8 @entity1 . The remaining 3 @entity1 were managed by exteriorizing both ends of @entity1146 . @entity694 cases were managed by primary colocolic anastomosis in 1 @entity1 and colocolic anastomosis under covering ileostomy in 3 @entity1 . Three @entity1 of @entity9775 succumbed postoperatively. CONCLUSION: @entity9775 and @entity850 are rare entities. Associated @entity14308 may result poor prognosis. @entity9775 can safely be managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy.

title: XXXX and @entity850 : our experience.

answer: @entity9775 :: (MESH:C562562,Disease) :: ['Colonic atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity311 results in over a million @entity204 every year, most of them in @entity1 aged under five years and living in sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines whether treatment with @entity506 , instead of the standard treatment @entity4807 , would result in fewer @entity204 and better treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity506 with @entity4807 for treating severe @entity311 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, the metaRegister of Controlled trials (mRCT), conference proceedings, and reference lists of articles to November 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal @entity506 with intravenous or intramuscular @entity4807 for treating adults and @entity1 with severe @entity311 who are unable to take medication by mouth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, and extracted and analysed data. The primary outcome was all-cause @entity204 . Dichotomous outcomes were summarized using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes by mean differences (MD). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials enrolling 1664 adults and 5765 @entity1 are included in this review.Treatment with @entity506 significantly reduced the risk of @entity204 both in adults (RR 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.75; 1664 @entity1 , five trials) and @entity1 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90; 5765 @entity1 , four trials)In @entity1 , treatment with @entity506 increased the incidence of neurological sequelae at the time of hospital discharge. The majority of these sequelae were transient and no significant difference between treatments was seen at later follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral @entity506 over @entity4807 for the treatment of severe @entity311 in both adults and @entity1 and in different regions of the world.

title: @entity506 versus XXXX for treating severe @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity4807 :: (MESH:D011803,Chemical) :: ['quinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity311 results in over a million @entity204 every year, most of them in @entity1 aged under five years and living in sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines whether treatment with @entity506 , instead of the standard treatment @entity4807 , would result in fewer @entity204 and better treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity506 with @entity4807 for treating severe @entity311 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, the metaRegister of Controlled trials (mRCT), conference proceedings, and reference lists of articles to November 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal @entity506 with intravenous or intramuscular @entity4807 for treating adults and @entity1 with severe @entity311 who are unable to take medication by mouth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, and extracted and analysed data. The primary outcome was all-cause @entity204 . Dichotomous outcomes were summarized using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes by mean differences (MD). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials enrolling 1664 adults and 5765 @entity1 are included in this review.Treatment with @entity506 significantly reduced the risk of @entity204 both in adults (RR 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.75; 1664 @entity1 , five trials) and @entity1 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90; 5765 @entity1 , four trials)In @entity1 , treatment with @entity506 increased the incidence of neurological sequelae at the time of hospital discharge. The majority of these sequelae were transient and no significant difference between treatments was seen at later follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral @entity506 over @entity4807 for the treatment of severe @entity311 in both adults and @entity1 and in different regions of the world.

title: XXXX versus @entity4807 for treating severe @entity311 .

answer: @entity506 :: (MESH:C039726,Chemical) :: ['Artesunate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity311 results in over a million @entity204 every year, most of them in @entity1 aged under five years and living in sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines whether treatment with @entity506 , instead of the standard treatment @entity4807 , would result in fewer @entity204 and better treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity506 with @entity4807 for treating severe @entity311 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, the metaRegister of Controlled trials (mRCT), conference proceedings, and reference lists of articles to November 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal @entity506 with intravenous or intramuscular @entity4807 for treating adults and @entity1 with severe @entity311 who are unable to take medication by mouth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, and extracted and analysed data. The primary outcome was all-cause @entity204 . Dichotomous outcomes were summarized using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes by mean differences (MD). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials enrolling 1664 adults and 5765 @entity1 are included in this review.Treatment with @entity506 significantly reduced the risk of @entity204 both in adults (RR 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.75; 1664 @entity1 , five trials) and @entity1 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90; 5765 @entity1 , four trials)In @entity1 , treatment with @entity506 increased the incidence of neurological sequelae at the time of hospital discharge. The majority of these sequelae were transient and no significant difference between treatments was seen at later follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral @entity506 over @entity4807 for the treatment of severe @entity311 in both adults and @entity1 and in different regions of the world.

title: @entity506 versus @entity4807 for treating severe XXXX .

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to prospectively study the technical feasibility and advantages of esophageal @entity254 medial to the preserved azygos vein in neonates diagnosed with @entity1152 with @entity4501 (EA/ @entity10859 ). The results were compared to the cases where azygos vein was either not preserved, or the @entity254 was done lateral to the arch of preserved azygos vein. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 134 @entity1 with EA/ @entity10859 were admitted between January 2007 and July 2008 of which 116 underwent primary repair. Eleven @entity1 with long gap @entity20434 and 7 @entity1 who expired before surgery were excluded. @entity1 were randomly divided in three groups comparable with respect to the gestational age, age at presentation, sex, birth weight, associated anomalies and the gap between the pouches after mobilization: Group A (azygos vein ligated and divided), Group B (azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity254 lateral to the vein), and Group C azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity254 medial to the vein). All the @entity1 were operated by extra-pleural approach. The three groups were compared with respect to operative time and early @entity260 like @entity55 , @entity834 and mortality. Odds ratio and Chi square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Group A, B and C had 35, 43 and 38 @entity1 respectively. No significant difference was observed in average operative time in the 3 groups. Though incidence of @entity86 was higher in group A (28%) as compared to group B (13.95%) and group C (11.62%), it was not statistically significant (p > 0.005). @entity834 occurred in 7 @entity1 in group A (20%), 6 @entity1 in group B (13.95%) and 4 @entity1 (10.52%) in group C (p > 0.005). Group A had 3 major and 4 minor @entity834 ; group B had 2 major and 4 minor leaks and group C had 1 major and 3 minor leaks. There were10 deaths in the series- 5 in group A, 3 in group B and 2 in group C (p > 0.005). @entity1 with major @entity834 in all 3 groups expired after re-exploration. The minor leaks were managed conservatively and all of them healed spontaneously. Severe @entity55 and @entity295 in @entity1 having @entity154 also contributed to the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although esophageal @entity254 medial to the preserved azygos vein restores the normal mediastinal anatomy without technical difficulty or increased operative time, the study could not prove a statistically significant advantage in terms of mortality and @entity260 .

title: Esophageal XXXX medial to preserved azygos vein in @entity1152 with @entity4501 : restoration of normal mediastinal anatomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['major associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity20434 :: ('MESH:C531835', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']