abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is associated with @entity528 , yet the underlying pathophysiology of this disease and the @entity1781 remain poorly understood. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein ( @entity8993 ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity195 by mediating the transport of amyloid-b (Ab) out of the brain into the systemic circulation. As a key player in the reaction to central @entity4215 , astrocytes associate with @entity8993 in @entity195 . This study investigates the role of @entity8993 and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of @entity1781 . METHODS: To investigate the role of @entity8993 and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of @entity1781 , we conducted immunohistochemical studies on postmortem optic nerves in @entity195 @entity1 (n = 11) and age-matched controls (n = 10) to examine the presence of @entity8993 . Quantitative analyses using imaging software were used to document the extent of @entity8993 in neural tissues. Axonal integrity was assessed by performing immunohistochemistry on the subjects' optic nerves with an antibody to neurofilament (NF) protein. Double-immunofluorescence labeling was performed to investigate whether @entity8993 colocalized with astrocytes, expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein. RESULTS: @entity8993 expression was decreased in @entity195 optic nerves compared to that in controls (P < 0.001). @entity8993 immunoreactivity was observed in the microvasculature and perivascularly in close proximity to the astrocytic processes. Colocalization of @entity8993 in the astrocytes of optic nerves was also demonstrated. The presence of @entity1781 was confirmed in the @entity195 optic nerves by demonstrating greatly reduced immunostaining for NF protein as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of @entity8993 in the @entity1781 supports the hypothesis that @entity8993 may play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity1781 .

title: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein is decreased in @entity1781 of XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is defined as a state of persistent @entity410 with no identifiable etiology in @entity1 without preexisting @entity302 that lasts longer than 24h despite optimal therapy. Management of @entity159 is challenging, and the role of immunotherapy (IT) is unclear. We identified @entity1 fulfilling the criteria for @entity159 at a single institution. These @entity1 were described, analyzed, and compared with @entity159 cases available from the literature. Finally, a pooled analysis of available case series was conducted to compare the outcomes in @entity1 who received IT with those not treated with IT during the course of @entity159 in order to generate hypotheses for further research. In our case series, @entity159 was diagnosed in 11 @entity1 (9 females) with a mean age of 48 years and a mean duration of 54.4 days. Autoantibodies were identified in 7 @entity1 , of which anti- @entity9372 ( @entity367 decarboxylase) and anti-NMDAR ( @entity3391 receptor) were most frequent. Of the 11 @entity1 , 8 were treated with IT (intravenous @entity230 , immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, or a combination), and 4 received chemotherapy. Of the 8 @entity1 treated with IT, 6 had favorable outcomes (defined as any outcome other than death, vegetative state, or inability to take care of oneself) compared with 0 out of 3 @entity1 who did not receive IT. Difference in outcomes was significant (p=0.026). Pooled analysis of all identified case series, including ours, showed a statistically significant effect (p=0.022), with favorable outcomes in 42% of the @entity1 who received any IT compared with 20% in those who did not. In all @entity1 with refractory SE and negative comprehensive investigations, a diagnosis of @entity159 should be considered. This would aid planning for early immunotherapy. Currently, only Class IV evidence for the use of immunotherapy in @entity159 is available. Prospective multicenter studies are necessary to assess the true efficacy of IT in @entity159 .

title: XXXX ( @entity159 )--The potential role for immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['NORSE', 'New-onset refractory status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['New-onset refractory status epilepticus']


abstract: @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is defined as a state of persistent @entity410 with no identifiable etiology in @entity1 without preexisting @entity302 that lasts longer than 24h despite optimal therapy. Management of @entity159 is challenging, and the role of immunotherapy (IT) is unclear. We identified @entity1 fulfilling the criteria for @entity159 at a single institution. These @entity1 were described, analyzed, and compared with @entity159 cases available from the literature. Finally, a pooled analysis of available case series was conducted to compare the outcomes in @entity1 who received IT with those not treated with IT during the course of @entity159 in order to generate hypotheses for further research. In our case series, @entity159 was diagnosed in 11 @entity1 (9 females) with a mean age of 48 years and a mean duration of 54.4 days. Autoantibodies were identified in 7 @entity1 , of which anti- @entity9372 ( @entity367 decarboxylase) and anti-NMDAR ( @entity3391 receptor) were most frequent. Of the 11 @entity1 , 8 were treated with IT (intravenous @entity230 , immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, or a combination), and 4 received chemotherapy. Of the 8 @entity1 treated with IT, 6 had favorable outcomes (defined as any outcome other than death, vegetative state, or inability to take care of oneself) compared with 0 out of 3 @entity1 who did not receive IT. Difference in outcomes was significant (p=0.026). Pooled analysis of all identified case series, including ours, showed a statistically significant effect (p=0.022), with favorable outcomes in 42% of the @entity1 who received any IT compared with 20% in those who did not. In all @entity1 with refractory SE and negative comprehensive investigations, a diagnosis of @entity159 should be considered. This would aid planning for early immunotherapy. Currently, only Class IV evidence for the use of immunotherapy in @entity159 is available. Prospective multicenter studies are necessary to assess the true efficacy of IT in @entity159 .

title: @entity159 ( XXXX )--The potential role for immunotherapy.

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['NORSE']


abstract: PURPOSE: The duration of follow-up after treatment of @entity957 and the frequency of routine visits are based on common usage rather than evidence-based practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate postoperative routine follow-up program in @entity1 with @entity957 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred four cases treated curatively mainly by surgery at Tokai University Hospital from 1994 to 2004 were analyzed. A secondary event was defined as a local recurrence, a regional recurrence, a distant @entity3 , or a second @entity5 . To evaluate the follow-up program, data on the first @entity5 recurrence or first second @entity5 in the head and neck region or elsewhere in the body were used. Overall survival rate, disease-specific survival rate, relapse-free rate, and cumulative risk of developing a second @entity5 were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. RESULT: All relapse cases were detected within 3 years postoperatively, of which 86.3% were detected within 1 year. Most relapses were in the neck, and regional recurrences had a dismal salvage rate. Second @entity5 were constantly detected 1 to 10 years postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Follow-up should be performed more frequently in the first year, with 2 weekly follow-ups with monthly ultrasound examinations, and should be continued after 3 years to exclude the development of second @entity5 .

title: Postoperative follow-up strategy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary cancers', 'primary cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The duration of follow-up after treatment of @entity957 and the frequency of routine visits are based on common usage rather than evidence-based practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate postoperative routine follow-up program in @entity1 with @entity957 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred four cases treated curatively mainly by surgery at Tokai University Hospital from 1994 to 2004 were analyzed. A secondary event was defined as a local recurrence, a regional recurrence, a distant @entity3 , or a second @entity5 . To evaluate the follow-up program, data on the first @entity5 recurrence or first second @entity5 in the head and neck region or elsewhere in the body were used. Overall survival rate, disease-specific survival rate, relapse-free rate, and cumulative risk of developing a second @entity5 were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. RESULT: All relapse cases were detected within 3 years postoperatively, of which 86.3% were detected within 1 year. Most relapses were in the neck, and regional recurrences had a dismal salvage rate. Second @entity5 were constantly detected 1 to 10 years postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Follow-up should be performed more frequently in the first year, with 2 weekly follow-ups with monthly ultrasound examinations, and should be continued after 3 years to exclude the development of second @entity5 .

title: Postoperative follow-up strategy in XXXX with @entity957 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this case series study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using local anesthesia and conscious sedation (CS) rather than general anesthesia (GA) for performing functional surgery on @entity1 suffering from @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) closed lock, using the eminectomy procedure. Performing this procedure using CS allows functional assessment of the @entity1348 meniscus at the time of surgery. The objectives of this study were to determine if this surgery is possible under CS, to determine the benefits of being able to see the meniscus in action, and to investigate the @entity1 ' acceptability for this form of anesthesia. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 who underwent this eminectomy procedure under either CS or GA on a day-case basis participated in this retrospective case series study. All the recruited @entity1 had this procedure carried out after a course of nonsurgical conservative treatment that had failed to relieve the symptoms associated with their @entity1348 disorder--"closed lock." RESULTS: Objective results obtained were as follows: preoperative and @entity86 opening; preoperative investigations; preoperative treatments. Subjective results obtained were as follows: preoperative and postoperative @entity158 ; noises; clicks; hearing and deviation on opening; @entity1 rating of operation success. Paired t testing showed a significant change in mouth opening for both groups. The mean mouth opening change in the CS group (n = 9) was 10.6 mm (P = .014) and in the GA group (n = 13) was 13.7 mm (P < .001). An unpaired t test showed there is no statistical difference between these groups (P = .467). The subjective data recorded showed comparable outcomes and acceptance for the 2 techniques in terms of @entity158 and operation success. CONCLUSIONS: The use of local anesthesia and CS is an alternative to GA for performing @entity1348 procedures in appropriately selected @entity1 . The advantage of direct visualization of the meniscus and its movements in the nonasleep @entity1 requires further evaluation.

title: Functional surgery of the XXXX with conscious sedation for "closed lock" using eminectomy as a treatment: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative mouth']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidences of both @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and @entity2175 are increasing worldwide. @entity2175 is associated with many @entity5 . However, no data are available on @entity5 of unknown primary (CUP), a relatively common, fatal @entity5 for which @entity286 smoking is the only known risk factor. At diagnosis, CUP @entity3 are found in various organs, which has implications for prognosis. We carried out a nationwide study on the association of CUP with @entity1723 and @entity2175 . 32   600 @entity1723 @entity1 and 178   000 @entity2175 @entity1 were identified from the national healthcare registers and these were linked to the Swedish @entity5 Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for CUP from 1997 through 2010 using anyone without @entity6 as a reference. The SIR of CUP in 421 @entity6 @entity1 was 1.71, highest for CUP with liver (2.17) and respiratory system (1.95) @entity3 . The SIR was 2.91 for @entity1723 , but with a small number of @entity1 , 1.38 for @entity2175 with insulin treatment, and 1.78 for the main group of @entity2175 . CUP with liver and respiratory system @entity3 increased for each @entity6 type; however, for @entity2175 , CUP with @entity344 also increased. The results provide the first demonstration that CUP is one of the @entity5 associated with @entity6 , with definite evidence on @entity2175 . CUP has a poor prognosis, which may be even worse when @entity6 is the underlying comorbidity. A mechanistic question for future work is to determine whether @entity6 promotes primaries that escape detection or their metastatic spread.

title: @entity5 of unknown primary is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and bone metastases']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidences of both @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and @entity2175 are increasing worldwide. @entity2175 is associated with many @entity5 . However, no data are available on @entity5 of unknown primary (CUP), a relatively common, fatal @entity5 for which @entity286 smoking is the only known risk factor. At diagnosis, CUP @entity3 are found in various organs, which has implications for prognosis. We carried out a nationwide study on the association of CUP with @entity1723 and @entity2175 . 32   600 @entity1723 @entity1 and 178   000 @entity2175 @entity1 were identified from the national healthcare registers and these were linked to the Swedish @entity5 Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for CUP from 1997 through 2010 using anyone without @entity6 as a reference. The SIR of CUP in 421 @entity6 @entity1 was 1.71, highest for CUP with liver (2.17) and respiratory system (1.95) @entity3 . The SIR was 2.91 for @entity1723 , but with a small number of @entity1 , 1.38 for @entity2175 with insulin treatment, and 1.78 for the main group of @entity2175 . CUP with liver and respiratory system @entity3 increased for each @entity6 type; however, for @entity2175 , CUP with @entity344 also increased. The results provide the first demonstration that CUP is one of the @entity5 associated with @entity6 , with definite evidence on @entity2175 . CUP has a poor prognosis, which may be even worse when @entity6 is the underlying comorbidity. A mechanistic question for future work is to determine whether @entity6 promotes primaries that escape detection or their metastatic spread.

title: XXXX of unknown primary is associated with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity420 is a histologic diagnosis based on subjective findings. Transcriptional profiles have been used to differentiate normal tissue from disease and could provide a means of identifying @entity5 . The goal of this study was to generate and test transcriptomic profiles that differentiate normal from @entity188 . Comparisons were made between cDNA microarrays derived from normal epithelium and @entity420 . Results were filtered according to standard deviation to retain only highly dysregulated genes. Genes differentially expressed between @entity5 and normal tissue on two-groups t test (P < 0.05, Bonferroni P value adjustment) were further analyzed. Genes were rank ordered in terms of descending fold change. For each comparison ( @entity5 versus normal epithelium), those 5 genes with the greatest positive fold change were grouped in a classifier. Five separate tests were applied to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of each classifier. Genetic classifiers derived comparing normal epithelium with malignant rectal epithelium from pooled stages had a mean sensitivity and specificity of 99.6% and 98.2%, respectively. The classifiers derived from comparing normal and stage I @entity5 had comparable mean sensitivities and specificities (97% and 98%, respectively). Areas under the summary receiver-operator characteristic curves for each classifier were 0.981 and 0.972, respectively. One gene was common to both classifiers. Classifiers were tested in an independent Gene Expression Omnibus-derived dataset. Both classifiers retained their predictive properties. Transcriptomic profiles comprising as few as 5 genes are highly accurate in differentiating normal from adenocarcinomatous rectal epithelium, including early-stage disease.

title: Transcriptomic profiles differentiate normal rectal epithelium and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomatous rectum']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) is one of the @entity361 , which rarely arises in the abdominal space. We report a very rare case of @entity2460 , mimicking another @entity361 . A 52-year-old Japanese @entity1 was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment of @entity1127 . Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed an enhanced nodule within the gallbladder, and incidentally, also showed a well-circumscribed mass adjacent to the small intestine. The mass was depicted as slightly high density in plain CT, and with contrast-enhancement, the mass was partially stained in early phase and the stained area spread heterogeneously in delayed phase. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the abdominal mass was depicted as slightly high intensity on T2-weighted imaging and low intensity on T1-weighted imaging. With double-balloon endoscopy and capsule endoscopy, we did not find any @entity5 inside the small intestine. These visual findings lead us to diagnose it as @entity674 of the small intestine with extraluminal growth. We planned to resect both the @entity1086 at the same time for pathologic diagnosis and treatment. When the operation was performed, we found a milk-white lobulated @entity5 on the greater omentum and the @entity5 was entirely resected. Microscopically, the @entity1127 was diagnosed as @entity652 , and the omental @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity2460 . It is important to bear in mind that omental SFTs sometimes mimic other @entity361 and should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 not revealed by endoscopy.

title: XXXX of the greater omentum, mimicking @entity674 of the small intestine: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder polyp']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors', 'mesenchymal tumor']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'Solitary fibrous tumor', 'abdominal SFT']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder polyp and the intraperitoneal tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) is one of the @entity361 , which rarely arises in the abdominal space. We report a very rare case of @entity2460 , mimicking another @entity361 . A 52-year-old Japanese @entity1 was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment of @entity1127 . Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed an enhanced nodule within the gallbladder, and incidentally, also showed a well-circumscribed mass adjacent to the small intestine. The mass was depicted as slightly high density in plain CT, and with contrast-enhancement, the mass was partially stained in early phase and the stained area spread heterogeneously in delayed phase. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the abdominal mass was depicted as slightly high intensity on T2-weighted imaging and low intensity on T1-weighted imaging. With double-balloon endoscopy and capsule endoscopy, we did not find any @entity5 inside the small intestine. These visual findings lead us to diagnose it as @entity674 of the small intestine with extraluminal growth. We planned to resect both the @entity1086 at the same time for pathologic diagnosis and treatment. When the operation was performed, we found a milk-white lobulated @entity5 on the greater omentum and the @entity5 was entirely resected. Microscopically, the @entity1127 was diagnosed as @entity652 , and the omental @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity2460 . It is important to bear in mind that omental SFTs sometimes mimic other @entity361 and should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 not revealed by endoscopy.

title: @entity2460 of the greater omentum, mimicking XXXX of the small intestine: a case report.

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: The best surgical technique for @entity2869 ( @entity2869 ) is still disputed. The objective of this prospective randomized study is to compare the short and long-term results of @entity3517 and Karydakis flap surgeries that have been widely used in recent years. Ninety one @entity1 were included in the study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ; n = 46) and Karydakis flap (KF; n = 45). Preoperative findings of the @entity1 , their surgical findings, and short and long-term postoperative findings were recorded and statistically compared. While no significant difference was discovered between the groups in terms of postoperative analgesic need, hospital stay, @entity86 rate, drain stay time, painless sitting time, painless toilet-sitting time, and painless walking time, return to work or school time was shorter in the @entity3517 group compared with the KF group (20.61    7.89 days, 23.29    6.42, respectively; P < 0.05). Cosmetically, the visual analog scale (VAS) of the KF group was significantly higher than that of the @entity3517 group (VAS score 7.12    1.28, 5.45    1.77, respectively; P < 0.05). Considering recurrence rates, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Our study found out that short and long-term results of the @entity3517 and KF procedures are similar. We believe both methods can be safely used in surgical @entity2869 treatment given that in the @entity3517 procedure, shorter return-to-work time is achieved, while the procedure provides better cosmetic results.

title: Comparison of modified limberg flap and karydakis flap operations in XXXX surgery: prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['MLF', 'modified Limberg flap']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['PSD', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus']


abstract: We describe here a @entity1 with @entity2817 of the small intestine, diagnosed by double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), who was treated with transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic surgery (T-SILS). A 9-year-old @entity1 presented to another hospital with intermittent fresh melena of a duration of 5 months and 4 days. Anoscopy and gastric mucosal membrane scintigraphy were unsuccessful diagnostically, and he was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Under general anesthesia, we performed DBE by an anal route, with the ileum assessed for a distance of about 150 cm from the ileocecal valve. Although no @entity548 lesion was found in the colon, a flat elevated @entity1211 approximately 20 mm in size was observed 20 cm from the ileocecal valve, suggesting @entity2817 of the small intestine. A tattoo was made under DBE, and wedge resection by T-SILS was performed 1 month later under general anesthesia. The excised specimen appeared as a flat, elevated @entity1211 approximately 20 mm in size. Histopathologic analysis revealed several dilated and distorted veins within the submucosa of the small intestine. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity2817 of the small intestine. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he remained free of recurrent @entity360 18 months after the operation. This is the first case report showing the diagnosis, localization, and tattooing of an obscure @entity360 lesion of the small intestine by preoperative @entity75 by subsequent T-SILS in @entity1 .

title: Success of Minimally Invasive Transumbilical Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (T-SILS) Plus Double-Balloon Endoscopy (DBE) for XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DBE and removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous lake']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity2817 :: (MESH:D016888,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Intestinal Angiodysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Differentiated @entity259 (DTC) is the most common @entity8703 . @entity9856 has a good prognosis and survival rates higher than 85%. The aim of our study was to assess our current survival rate and to analyze prognostic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 308 @entity1 with DTC (93.5% with @entity5 , 78.8% @entity1 ). Mean age at diagnosis was 45.4  15.8years, and mean follow-up time was 8.9  6.8years. The whole group was treated and followed up using the same protocol at our hospital. The following data were collected: age at diagnosis, sex, histology, @entity2802 stage, treatments, and date and cause of @entity204 . Survival probability was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Prognostic factors were analyzed using a univariate log rank test and a multivariate Cox regression analysis model. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 died during follow-up, 15 of them (4.9%) from DTC. @entity259 -related survival was 92.7% for the whole group. In multivariate analyses, the following parameters were associated to a significantly increased risk of @entity204 from DTC: presence of distant metastases, follicular histology, age at diagnosis older than 60years, and extrathyroid invasion. DISCUSSION: Our survival rate is similar to that reported in literature. Assessment of prognostic factors related to an increased risk of @entity204 in our @entity1 group, is essential to establish active therapeutic approaches in high risk @entity1 .

title: [Differentiated XXXX : survival and prognostic factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'Thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Emergency surgery for colorectal malignant obstruction is thought to correlate with poor outcome. The main aim of our study was to identify possible factors that could predict obstruction, and risk factors of poor postoperative outcome. The second aim was to determine any differences between primary @entity254 and stoma creation in the obstruction population, especially in @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 212 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 between January 2008 and January 2013 was performed. Fifty-five @entity1 (26%) underwent emergency surgery for completely obstructing @entity14 , and 157 (74%) underwent elective surgery. RESULTS: The groups were comparable for age, gender, ASA score, @entity5 location, @entity5 stage, lymph node @entity3 and mortality. Advanced @entity5 stage was recorded as the only prognostic factor of obstruction (p=0.001). Postoperative mortality rate was 9.1% in the obstruction group and 6.4% in the elective group (p=0.498). Analysis didn't reveal any risk factors for poor early outcome in the obstruction group. All @entity1 with right-sided obstructive @entity5 were treated with resection and primary @entity254 , while the same procedure was performed in almost 61% of operations for @entity5 with no anastomotic failure. CONCLUSIONS: Obstructive @entity14 presents at a more advanced stage compared with @entity5 , with, interestingly, no statistically significant differences in postoperative mortality. Risk factors of poor early outcome couldn't be identified. Resection and primary restitution of continuity is the surgical approach of choice for right-sided obstructive @entity5 , but it can be, also, safely performed in left-sided @entity5 .

title: Emergency surgery for obstructing XXXX : prognostic and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-obstructive cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'left-sided tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal malignancy']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal malignancy']


abstract: The janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) is one of the main pathways downstream of cytokine receptors and growth factor receptors by transducing signals from cell surface to the nucleus. In this study, we aimed to survey the role of @entity13720 /STAT pathway in the progress of @entity131 . Right parietal cortical contusion in @entity35 was induced by the Feeney free @entity998 model. The activation of @entity13720 , @entity30235 and @entity12001 in pericontusional cortex was determined by Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Moreover, we assessed the neurological recovery (using Neurological Severity Scores (NSS)) of @entity35 under the pretreatment of a @entity13720 inhibitor, @entity22943 . Western blotting revealed that expression of p- @entity13720 , p- @entity30235 and p- @entity12001 increased immediately, peaked at 3h after @entity131 and decreased thereafter, and the activation could be inhibited by @entity22943 . Immunohistochemical study showed that @entity13720 /STAT pathway was activated in both neurons and astrocytes at 3h after @entity131 . @entity12001 -specific binding activity was obviously enhanced after @entity131 and down-regulated after @entity22943 administration. The higher NSS of @entity131 + @entity22943 group revealed a worse behavior recovery when compared with @entity131 + @entity3733 group. Our results suggest that the @entity13720 /STAT pathway is activated in pericontusional cortex of @entity35 , and may be involved in the neurological function recovery after @entity131 .

title: Activation of XXXX /STAT pathway in cerebral cortex after experimental traumatic brain injury of @entity35 .

answer: @entity13720 :: (24514(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['JAK2']


abstract: The janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) is one of the main pathways downstream of cytokine receptors and growth factor receptors by transducing signals from cell surface to the nucleus. In this study, we aimed to survey the role of @entity13720 /STAT pathway in the progress of @entity131 . Right parietal cortical contusion in @entity35 was induced by the Feeney free @entity998 model. The activation of @entity13720 , @entity30235 and @entity12001 in pericontusional cortex was determined by Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Moreover, we assessed the neurological recovery (using Neurological Severity Scores (NSS)) of @entity35 under the pretreatment of a @entity13720 inhibitor, @entity22943 . Western blotting revealed that expression of p- @entity13720 , p- @entity30235 and p- @entity12001 increased immediately, peaked at 3h after @entity131 and decreased thereafter, and the activation could be inhibited by @entity22943 . Immunohistochemical study showed that @entity13720 /STAT pathway was activated in both neurons and astrocytes at 3h after @entity131 . @entity12001 -specific binding activity was obviously enhanced after @entity131 and down-regulated after @entity22943 administration. The higher NSS of @entity131 + @entity22943 group revealed a worse behavior recovery when compared with @entity131 + @entity3733 group. Our results suggest that the @entity13720 /STAT pathway is activated in pericontusional cortex of @entity35 , and may be involved in the neurological function recovery after @entity131 .

title: Activation of @entity13720 /STAT pathway in cerebral cortex after experimental traumatic brain injury of XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The onset and offset of action of anesthetic gases might be delayed by respiratory changes and gas exchange alterations present in @entity28 @entity1 . In this study, we assessed the influence of @entity28 on the hysteresis between @entity2614 and its effect as measured by the bispectral index (BIS). Because the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in @entity28 @entity1 has improved gas exchange, we also assessed the influence of PEEP on hysteresis. METHODS: Fifteen @entity28 and 15 normal-weight @entity1 , ASA physical status I and II, 20 to 50 years old, scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic surgery, were prospectively studied. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and maintained with @entity2614 and @entity3575 . At the end of surgery and after stable BIS values of 60 to 65, the inspired concentration of @entity2614 was increased to 5 vol% for 5 minutes or until BIS was <40 and then decreased. @entity2614 transitions were performed once in normal-weight subjects (without PEEP) and twice in @entity28 @entity1 (one without PEEP and one with a PEEP of 8 cm @entity2507 ). The hysteresis between @entity2614 end-tidal concentrations and BIS during these transition periods was modeled with an inhibitory Emax model using a population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic (PK/ @entity1726 ) approach with NONMEM VI. A descriptive analysis of @entity2614 inspired and expired concentrations, BIS values, and time to reach different BIS end points was also used to compare the PK and @entity1726 characteristics. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the study. The data were adequately fit with the PK/ @entity1726 model. The hysteresis expressed as the effect-site elimination rate constant was not influenced by body mass index or PEEP (P > 0.05). Neither @entity28 nor PEEP showed any influence on the PK/ @entity1726 descriptors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that @entity28 prolongs induction or recovery times when @entity2614 , a poorly soluble anesthetic, is used to maintain anesthesia from 90 to 120 minutes.

title: Obesity does not influence the onset and offset of XXXX effect as measured by the hysteresis between @entity2614 concentration and bispectral index.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The onset and offset of action of anesthetic gases might be delayed by respiratory changes and gas exchange alterations present in @entity28 @entity1 . In this study, we assessed the influence of @entity28 on the hysteresis between @entity2614 and its effect as measured by the bispectral index (BIS). Because the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in @entity28 @entity1 has improved gas exchange, we also assessed the influence of PEEP on hysteresis. METHODS: Fifteen @entity28 and 15 normal-weight @entity1 , ASA physical status I and II, 20 to 50 years old, scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic surgery, were prospectively studied. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and maintained with @entity2614 and @entity3575 . At the end of surgery and after stable BIS values of 60 to 65, the inspired concentration of @entity2614 was increased to 5 vol% for 5 minutes or until BIS was <40 and then decreased. @entity2614 transitions were performed once in normal-weight subjects (without PEEP) and twice in @entity28 @entity1 (one without PEEP and one with a PEEP of 8 cm @entity2507 ). The hysteresis between @entity2614 end-tidal concentrations and BIS during these transition periods was modeled with an inhibitory Emax model using a population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic (PK/ @entity1726 ) approach with NONMEM VI. A descriptive analysis of @entity2614 inspired and expired concentrations, BIS values, and time to reach different BIS end points was also used to compare the PK and @entity1726 characteristics. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the study. The data were adequately fit with the PK/ @entity1726 model. The hysteresis expressed as the effect-site elimination rate constant was not influenced by body mass index or PEEP (P > 0.05). Neither @entity28 nor PEEP showed any influence on the PK/ @entity1726 descriptors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that @entity28 prolongs induction or recovery times when @entity2614 , a poorly soluble anesthetic, is used to maintain anesthesia from 90 to 120 minutes.

title: Obesity does not influence the onset and offset of @entity2614 effect as measured by the hysteresis between XXXX concentration and bispectral index.

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: Electron-transfer reactions are fundamental to many practical devices, but because of their complexity, it is often very difficult to interpret measurements done on the complete device. Therefore, studies of model systems are crucial. Here the rates of charge separation and recombination in donor-acceptor systems consisting of a series of @entity72977 -linked @entity7170 oligomers (n = 1-4, 6) appended to @entity12201 were investigated. At room temperature, excitation of the @entity7170 oligomer led to fast (5-25 ps) electron transfer to @entity12201 followed by slower (200-650 ps) recombination. The temperature dependence of the charge-separation reaction revealed a complex process for the longer oligomers, in which a combination of (i) direct charge separation and (ii) migration of excitation energy along the oligomer followed by charge separation explained the observed fluorescence decay kinetics. The energy migration is controlled by the temperature-dependent conformational dynamics of the longer oligomers and thereby limits the quantum yield for charge separation. Charge recombination was also studied as a function of temperature through measurements of femtosecond transient absorption. The temperature dependence of the electron-transfer reactions could be successfully modeled using the Marcus equation through optimization of the electronic coupling (V) and the reorganization energy (  ). For the charge-separation rate, all of the donor-acceptor systems could be successfully described by a common electronic coupling, supporting a model in which energy migration is followed by charge separation. In this respect, the @entity12201 -appended @entity7170 oligomers are suitable model systems for practical charge-separation devices such as bulk-heterojunction solar cells, where @entity74 strongly influences the electron-transfer reactions and performance of the device.

title: Temperature dependence of charge separation and recombination in XXXX oligomer-fullerene donor-acceptor systems.

entities_list: @entity72977 :: ('CHEBI:37820', 'Chemical') :: ['butadiyne']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['conformational disorder']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

answer: @entity7170 :: (CHEBI:8337,Chemical) :: ['porphyrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3949 is a common and often debilitating condition for which available treatments are limited. Because a low-fat plant-based diet has been shown to improve glycemic control in individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 , we hypothesized that such a diet would reduce @entity2531 of @entity3949 . METHODS: In this 20-week pilot study, individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity3949 were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group was asked to follow a low-fat, plant-based diet, with weekly classes for support in following the prescribed diet, and to take a @entity2186 supplement. The control group was asked to take the same @entity2186 supplement, but received no other intervention. At baseline, midpoint and 20 weeks, clinical, laboratory and questionnaire data were collected. Questionnaires included an analog 'worst @entity158 ' scale, Michigan @entity16 Screening Instrument, global impression scale, Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, @entity16 Total Symptom Score, a weekly @entity158 diary and Norfolk Quality of Life Questionnaire. RESULTS: After 20 weeks, body weight change with the intervention was -6.4   kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -9.4 to -3.4, P<0.001) in an effect size analysis. Electrochemical skin conductance in the foot improved by an average of 12.4 microseimens (95% CI 1.2-23.6, P=0.03) with the intervention in an effect size analysis. The between-group difference in change in @entity158 , as measured by the @entity158 questionnaire, was -8.2 points (95% CI -16.1 to -0.3, P=0.04). Michigan @entity16 Screening Instrument questionnaire score change was -1.6 points (95% CI -3.0 to -0.2, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Improvements were seen in some clinical and @entity158 measures. This pilot study suggests the potential value of a plant-based diet intervention, including weekly support classes, for treating @entity3949 .

title: A dietary intervention for chronic XXXX : a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy', 'Diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['McGill pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy pain']


abstract: The panel of laboratory tests available for diagnosis of @entity344 in @entity235 and @entity468 is wide, and, recently, several new tests have been developed. This article will focus on advances in laboratory tests that are available for the general practitioner for diagnosis of @entity344 . Laboratory tests for diagnosis of gastric and intestinal infectious diseases include fecal parasite screening tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for @entity1681 , and some specific bacterial tests like fluorescent in situ hybridization for identification of specific bacteria attached to the intestinal epithelial cells. Serum concentrations of @entity1501 and @entity2186 are markers of intestinal absorption, but are also changed in exocrine @entity3210 and intestinal @entity6124 . Hypocobalaminemia is common in GI and @entity660 . Decreased serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity is a very sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of exocrine @entity3210 in @entity235 and cats. Serum pancreatic lipase is currently the most sensitive and specific test to identify @entity660 and acute @entity788 . However, serum canine pancreas-specific lipase is less sensitive in @entity235 chronic @entity788 . Increased serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity is also specific for pancreatic damage but is less sensitive. It is very likely that further studies will help to better specify the role of these new tests in the diagnosis of @entity235 and feline @entity660 .

title: Laboratory tests for diagnosis of gastrointestinal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases', 'pancreatic disease', 'pancreatic cell damage']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI diseases', 'gastrointestinal (GI) diseases']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['parvoviral enteritis']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Systemic cooling for cardiopulmonary bypass is widely used to attenuate the @entity1850 and @entity130 in @entity1 after open surgery. We compared the effects of moderate (24   C) and mild (34   C) @entity2332 during bypass on markers of the @entity1850 and @entity130 , and on clinical outcome after corrective surgery for @entity299 . METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 (mean age, 6.8    5.7 months; mean weight, 6.2    2.3 kg) were randomized to 24   C or 34   C bypass temperature during cardiac surgery. Perfusion strategies were otherwise strictly identical. Clinical data and blood samples were collected before bypass, 5 minutes after aortic crossclamp release, and 4, 24, and 48 hours after bypass. @entity1 were followed up until discharge from the hospital. RESULTS: In the 54 @entity1 with outcome data, bypass temperature did not influence the duration of mechanical ventilation between the 24   C group and the 34   C group (median [interquartile range] 22 [13-40] hours vs 14 [8-40] hours, P = .14), intensive care unit stay (43 [24-49] hours vs 29 [23-47] hours, P = .79), @entity190 (29 [20-38] mL/kg vs 23 [13-38] mL/kg, P = .36), or incidence of @entity86 (9% vs 11%, P = 1.0). There was no evidence of an influence of bypass temperature on the markers of acute @entity32 , innate immune response, @entity130 , coagulation, or hemodynamics. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that the @entity1850 and @entity130 after pediatric open surgery are influenced by bypass temperature. The routine use of hypothermic bypass may not be warranted in the pediatric population.

title: The influence of bypass temperature on the systemic inflammatory response and XXXX after pediatric open surgery: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['organ injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To revise the 2003 version of the American Urological Association's (AUA) Guideline on the management of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From MEDLINE   searches of English language publications (January 1999 through February 2008) using relevant MeSH terms, articles concerning the management of the index @entity1 , a male >= 45 years of age who is consulting a healthcare provider for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were identified. Qualitative analysis of the evidence was performed. Selected studies were stratified by design, comparator, follow-up interval, and intensity of intervention, and meta-analyses (quantitative synthesis) of outcomes of randomized controlled trials were planned. Guideline statements were drafted by an appointed expert Panel based on the evidence. RESULTS: The studies varied as to @entity1 selection; randomization; blinding mechanism; run-in periods; @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, prostate characteristics and symptoms; drug doses; other intervention characteristics; comparators; rigor and intervals of follow-up; trial duration and timing; suspected lack of applicability to current US practice; and techniques of outcomes measurement. These variations affected the quality of the evidence reviewed making formal meta-analysis impractical or futile. Instead, the Panel and extractors reviewed the data in a systematic fashion and without statistical rigor. Diagnosis and treatment algorithms were adopted from the 2005 International Consultation of @entity5450 . Guideline statements concerning pharmacotherapies, watchful waiting, surgical options and minimally invasive procedures were either updated or newly drafted, peer reviewed and approved by AUA Board of Directors. CONCLUSIONS: New pharmacotherapies and technologies have emerged which have impacted treatment algorithms. The management of LUTS/ @entity1067 continues to evolve.

title: Update on AUA guideline on the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['Urologic Diseases']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we investigated whether an intraoperative high versus low dose of @entity1937 increased @entity1931 and whether @entity1760 can prevent @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 . METHODS: Ninety @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. @entity1937 was intraoperatively infused at 0.05  g/kg/min (group LO) or 0.2  g/kg/min (groups HI and HM). @entity1 in group HM received @entity2400 30 mg/kg at induction followed by an intraoperative infusion of 10 mg/kg/h. @entity158 thresholds on the forearm and periincisional area were assessed by von Frey filament the evening before surgery and postoperatively at 24 and 48 hours. @entity158 measured on a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) (0-10) and additional analgesics were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit postoperatively at 6, 24, and 48 hours. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater decrease in @entity158 threshold on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively in group HI, as compared with the other 2 groups. The 95% confidence intervals for the mean difference in @entity158 thresholds on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were 0.31 to 1.11 and 0.36 to 1.14 for group HI versus group LO, 0.45 to 1.26 and 0.54 to 1.32 for group HI versus group HM (values are log(10) of force in milligrams). The change in @entity158 threshold on the forearm was similar among the groups. Group HI had significantly higher VNRS scores (median [interquartile range], 3 [2-4]) than group LO (2 [1-3] and group HM (2 [1-3]) at 48 hours postoperatively. The 95% confidence intervals for median difference in VNRS score at 48 hours postoperatively were 1 to 2 for group HI versus group LO and 0 to 2 for group HI versus group HM. There were no significant differences in the number of @entity1 who requested rescue analgesics in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and general ward during 48 hours postoperatively among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high dose of intraoperative @entity1937 enhances periincisional @entity1931 . Intraoperative @entity2400 prevents @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 . However, @entity1931 did not reach clinical relevance in terms of @entity282 or analgesic consumption in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy.

title: Magnesium sulfate prevents @entity1937 -induced XXXX in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'postoperative hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'Mechanical pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['postoperative hyperalgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we investigated whether an intraoperative high versus low dose of @entity1937 increased @entity1931 and whether @entity1760 can prevent @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 . METHODS: Ninety @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. @entity1937 was intraoperatively infused at 0.05  g/kg/min (group LO) or 0.2  g/kg/min (groups HI and HM). @entity1 in group HM received @entity2400 30 mg/kg at induction followed by an intraoperative infusion of 10 mg/kg/h. @entity158 thresholds on the forearm and periincisional area were assessed by von Frey filament the evening before surgery and postoperatively at 24 and 48 hours. @entity158 measured on a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) (0-10) and additional analgesics were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit postoperatively at 6, 24, and 48 hours. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater decrease in @entity158 threshold on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively in group HI, as compared with the other 2 groups. The 95% confidence intervals for the mean difference in @entity158 thresholds on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were 0.31 to 1.11 and 0.36 to 1.14 for group HI versus group LO, 0.45 to 1.26 and 0.54 to 1.32 for group HI versus group HM (values are log(10) of force in milligrams). The change in @entity158 threshold on the forearm was similar among the groups. Group HI had significantly higher VNRS scores (median [interquartile range], 3 [2-4]) than group LO (2 [1-3] and group HM (2 [1-3]) at 48 hours postoperatively. The 95% confidence intervals for median difference in VNRS score at 48 hours postoperatively were 1 to 2 for group HI versus group LO and 0 to 2 for group HI versus group HM. There were no significant differences in the number of @entity1 who requested rescue analgesics in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and general ward during 48 hours postoperatively among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high dose of intraoperative @entity1937 enhances periincisional @entity1931 . Intraoperative @entity2400 prevents @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 . However, @entity1931 did not reach clinical relevance in terms of @entity282 or analgesic consumption in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy.

title: Magnesium sulfate prevents XXXX -induced @entity1931 in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy.

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we investigated whether an intraoperative high versus low dose of @entity1937 increased @entity1931 and whether @entity1760 can prevent @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 . METHODS: Ninety @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. @entity1937 was intraoperatively infused at 0.05  g/kg/min (group LO) or 0.2  g/kg/min (groups HI and HM). @entity1 in group HM received @entity2400 30 mg/kg at induction followed by an intraoperative infusion of 10 mg/kg/h. @entity158 thresholds on the forearm and periincisional area were assessed by von Frey filament the evening before surgery and postoperatively at 24 and 48 hours. @entity158 measured on a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) (0-10) and additional analgesics were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit postoperatively at 6, 24, and 48 hours. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater decrease in @entity158 threshold on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively in group HI, as compared with the other 2 groups. The 95% confidence intervals for the mean difference in @entity158 thresholds on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were 0.31 to 1.11 and 0.36 to 1.14 for group HI versus group LO, 0.45 to 1.26 and 0.54 to 1.32 for group HI versus group HM (values are log(10) of force in milligrams). The change in @entity158 threshold on the forearm was similar among the groups. Group HI had significantly higher VNRS scores (median [interquartile range], 3 [2-4]) than group LO (2 [1-3] and group HM (2 [1-3]) at 48 hours postoperatively. The 95% confidence intervals for median difference in VNRS score at 48 hours postoperatively were 1 to 2 for group HI versus group LO and 0 to 2 for group HI versus group HM. There were no significant differences in the number of @entity1 who requested rescue analgesics in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and general ward during 48 hours postoperatively among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high dose of intraoperative @entity1937 enhances periincisional @entity1931 . Intraoperative @entity2400 prevents @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 . However, @entity1931 did not reach clinical relevance in terms of @entity282 or analgesic consumption in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy.

title: Magnesium sulfate prevents @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 in XXXX undergoing thyroidectomy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare survival in @entity1 with clinical T1b @entity703 that are pathologically upstaged, or high-grade @entity5 , treated by either @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) or radical nephrectomy (RN). The American Urological Association Guidelines recently advocated increasing use of @entity1625 in all @entity1 with @entity7487 renal masses, but urologists are often hesitant to perform @entity1625 for larger more aggressive appearing @entity7487 @entity703 for fear of pathologic upstaging and a perceived compromise in @entity5 control. METHODS: From a single institutional @entity703 registry, 2511 consecutive @entity1 with presumed @entity7487 @entity1358 underwent extirpative surgery; 1981 (79%) were found to have @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and 213 (10.7%) were upstaged on final pathology. In addition, 95 (5%) were found to have grade 4 @entity5 . Cancer-specific survival (CS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: In the upstaged cohort, @entity1 treated by @entity1625 (n = 96, 45%) had comparable @entity1349 and CS when studied stage for stage with those treated by RN (n = 117, 55%). Multivariate cox-proportional hazards analysis of @entity1349 in the upstaged subset demonstrated that only age, grade, and Charlson score predicted @entity1349 , whereas @entity1625 vs RN and stage did not. @entity1625 did not compromise survival in @entity1 with grade 4 @entity1358 compared with RN. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1625 does not appear to compromise the chance for @entity5 cure in @entity1 with @entity7487 @entity5 that are upstaged pathologically to pT2 or @entity1803 or high-grade renal masses when compared with RN. These concerns should not deter a surgeon from attempting @entity1625 when otherwise technically feasible.

title: Partial nephrectomy does not compromise survival in @entity1 with pathologic upstaging to pT2/ XXXX or high-grade @entity703 compared with radical nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare survival in @entity1 with clinical T1b @entity703 that are pathologically upstaged, or high-grade @entity5 , treated by either @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) or radical nephrectomy (RN). The American Urological Association Guidelines recently advocated increasing use of @entity1625 in all @entity1 with @entity7487 renal masses, but urologists are often hesitant to perform @entity1625 for larger more aggressive appearing @entity7487 @entity703 for fear of pathologic upstaging and a perceived compromise in @entity5 control. METHODS: From a single institutional @entity703 registry, 2511 consecutive @entity1 with presumed @entity7487 @entity1358 underwent extirpative surgery; 1981 (79%) were found to have @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and 213 (10.7%) were upstaged on final pathology. In addition, 95 (5%) were found to have grade 4 @entity5 . Cancer-specific survival (CS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: In the upstaged cohort, @entity1 treated by @entity1625 (n = 96, 45%) had comparable @entity1349 and CS when studied stage for stage with those treated by RN (n = 117, 55%). Multivariate cox-proportional hazards analysis of @entity1349 in the upstaged subset demonstrated that only age, grade, and Charlson score predicted @entity1349 , whereas @entity1625 vs RN and stage did not. @entity1625 did not compromise survival in @entity1 with grade 4 @entity1358 compared with RN. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1625 does not appear to compromise the chance for @entity5 cure in @entity1 with @entity7487 @entity5 that are upstaged pathologically to pT2 or @entity1803 or high-grade renal masses when compared with RN. These concerns should not deter a surgeon from attempting @entity1625 when otherwise technically feasible.

title: Partial nephrectomy does not compromise survival in @entity1 with pathologic upstaging to pT2/ @entity1803 or high-grade XXXX compared with radical nephrectomy.

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare survival in @entity1 with clinical T1b @entity703 that are pathologically upstaged, or high-grade @entity5 , treated by either @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) or radical nephrectomy (RN). The American Urological Association Guidelines recently advocated increasing use of @entity1625 in all @entity1 with @entity7487 renal masses, but urologists are often hesitant to perform @entity1625 for larger more aggressive appearing @entity7487 @entity703 for fear of pathologic upstaging and a perceived compromise in @entity5 control. METHODS: From a single institutional @entity703 registry, 2511 consecutive @entity1 with presumed @entity7487 @entity1358 underwent extirpative surgery; 1981 (79%) were found to have @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and 213 (10.7%) were upstaged on final pathology. In addition, 95 (5%) were found to have grade 4 @entity5 . Cancer-specific survival (CS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: In the upstaged cohort, @entity1 treated by @entity1625 (n = 96, 45%) had comparable @entity1349 and CS when studied stage for stage with those treated by RN (n = 117, 55%). Multivariate cox-proportional hazards analysis of @entity1349 in the upstaged subset demonstrated that only age, grade, and Charlson score predicted @entity1349 , whereas @entity1625 vs RN and stage did not. @entity1625 did not compromise survival in @entity1 with grade 4 @entity1358 compared with RN. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1625 does not appear to compromise the chance for @entity5 cure in @entity1 with @entity7487 @entity5 that are upstaged pathologically to pT2 or @entity1803 or high-grade renal masses when compared with RN. These concerns should not deter a surgeon from attempting @entity1625 when otherwise technically feasible.

title: Partial nephrectomy does not compromise survival in XXXX with pathologic upstaging to pT2/ @entity1803 or high-grade @entity703 compared with radical nephrectomy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is classified as @entity706 and various entities using the gene expression of proteins are classified into three groups. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical, biological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of @entity1892 with translocation t (14; 18) and 8q24/ @entity517 . Eleven @entity1892 @entity1 with dual translation were monitored during the 2000-2009 period. The characteristics of these @entity1 included morphological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis. Study results showed that all @entity1 had aggressive characteristics, presence of B symptoms (64%), general @entity1 condition according to ECOG scale >=  2 (55%), elevated serum @entity880 dehydrogenase activity (73%), clinical stage III and IV (82%), extranodal involvement of the disease (73%), and IPI >=  2 (73%). Partial remission was achieved in 73% of all @entity1 and all @entity1 (73%) died within a short time. @entity1 were treated with @entity3726 and similar protocols (COP, CVP, CNOP), with the addition of MabThera. Immunophenotyping was performed and determined expression of the @entity2225 , CD3, @entity2282 , @entity4042 and @entity14546 markers. The cytogenetic analysis/fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed complex karyotype changes. Thus, we analyzed the presence of @entity588 , @entity4042 and @entity517 genes and found eight @entity1 to have @entity588 and @entity517 translocation genes, while three had translocation of the @entity4042 and @entity517 genes. Despite appropriate therapy, the @entity1 prognosis is poor. The median survival in these @entity1 was 1.85 years. @entity1892 with @entity588 and @entity517 rearrangement of the subgroups of @entity706 is associated with very poor survival. The presence of these two translocations has an aggressive clinical course.

title: [Clinical features in XXXX and translocation @entity588 / @entity517 "double hit" @entity706 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['DLBCL']


abstract: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is classified as @entity706 and various entities using the gene expression of proteins are classified into three groups. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical, biological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of @entity1892 with translocation t (14; 18) and 8q24/ @entity517 . Eleven @entity1892 @entity1 with dual translation were monitored during the 2000-2009 period. The characteristics of these @entity1 included morphological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis. Study results showed that all @entity1 had aggressive characteristics, presence of B symptoms (64%), general @entity1 condition according to ECOG scale >=  2 (55%), elevated serum @entity880 dehydrogenase activity (73%), clinical stage III and IV (82%), extranodal involvement of the disease (73%), and IPI >=  2 (73%). Partial remission was achieved in 73% of all @entity1 and all @entity1 (73%) died within a short time. @entity1 were treated with @entity3726 and similar protocols (COP, CVP, CNOP), with the addition of MabThera. Immunophenotyping was performed and determined expression of the @entity2225 , CD3, @entity2282 , @entity4042 and @entity14546 markers. The cytogenetic analysis/fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed complex karyotype changes. Thus, we analyzed the presence of @entity588 , @entity4042 and @entity517 genes and found eight @entity1 to have @entity588 and @entity517 translocation genes, while three had translocation of the @entity4042 and @entity517 genes. Despite appropriate therapy, the @entity1 prognosis is poor. The median survival in these @entity1 was 1.85 years. @entity1892 with @entity588 and @entity517 rearrangement of the subgroups of @entity706 is associated with very poor survival. The presence of these two translocations has an aggressive clinical course.

title: [Clinical features in @entity1892 and translocation @entity588 / @entity517 "double hit" XXXX ].

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is classified as @entity706 and various entities using the gene expression of proteins are classified into three groups. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical, biological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of @entity1892 with translocation t (14; 18) and 8q24/ @entity517 . Eleven @entity1892 @entity1 with dual translation were monitored during the 2000-2009 period. The characteristics of these @entity1 included morphological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis. Study results showed that all @entity1 had aggressive characteristics, presence of B symptoms (64%), general @entity1 condition according to ECOG scale >=  2 (55%), elevated serum @entity880 dehydrogenase activity (73%), clinical stage III and IV (82%), extranodal involvement of the disease (73%), and IPI >=  2 (73%). Partial remission was achieved in 73% of all @entity1 and all @entity1 (73%) died within a short time. @entity1 were treated with @entity3726 and similar protocols (COP, CVP, CNOP), with the addition of MabThera. Immunophenotyping was performed and determined expression of the @entity2225 , CD3, @entity2282 , @entity4042 and @entity14546 markers. The cytogenetic analysis/fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed complex karyotype changes. Thus, we analyzed the presence of @entity588 , @entity4042 and @entity517 genes and found eight @entity1 to have @entity588 and @entity517 translocation genes, while three had translocation of the @entity4042 and @entity517 genes. Despite appropriate therapy, the @entity1 prognosis is poor. The median survival in these @entity1 was 1.85 years. @entity1892 with @entity588 and @entity517 rearrangement of the subgroups of @entity706 is associated with very poor survival. The presence of these two translocations has an aggressive clinical course.

title: [Clinical features in @entity1892 and translocation @entity588 / XXXX "double hit" @entity706 ].

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-MYC']


abstract: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is classified as @entity706 and various entities using the gene expression of proteins are classified into three groups. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical, biological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of @entity1892 with translocation t (14; 18) and 8q24/ @entity517 . Eleven @entity1892 @entity1 with dual translation were monitored during the 2000-2009 period. The characteristics of these @entity1 included morphological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis. Study results showed that all @entity1 had aggressive characteristics, presence of B symptoms (64%), general @entity1 condition according to ECOG scale >=  2 (55%), elevated serum @entity880 dehydrogenase activity (73%), clinical stage III and IV (82%), extranodal involvement of the disease (73%), and IPI >=  2 (73%). Partial remission was achieved in 73% of all @entity1 and all @entity1 (73%) died within a short time. @entity1 were treated with @entity3726 and similar protocols (COP, CVP, CNOP), with the addition of MabThera. Immunophenotyping was performed and determined expression of the @entity2225 , CD3, @entity2282 , @entity4042 and @entity14546 markers. The cytogenetic analysis/fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed complex karyotype changes. Thus, we analyzed the presence of @entity588 , @entity4042 and @entity517 genes and found eight @entity1 to have @entity588 and @entity517 translocation genes, while three had translocation of the @entity4042 and @entity517 genes. Despite appropriate therapy, the @entity1 prognosis is poor. The median survival in these @entity1 was 1.85 years. @entity1892 with @entity588 and @entity517 rearrangement of the subgroups of @entity706 is associated with very poor survival. The presence of these two translocations has an aggressive clinical course.

title: [Clinical features in @entity1892 and translocation XXXX / @entity517 "double hit" @entity706 ].

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oncologic outcomes in @entity1 with @entity263 (PCa) treated with salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) are poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of biochemical recurrence (BCR), @entity3 , and @entity204 following SRP to help select @entity1 who may benefit from SRP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This is a retrospective, international, multi-institutional cohort analysis. There was a median follow-up of 4.4 yr following SRP performed on 404 @entity1 with radiation-recurrent PCa from 1985 to 2009 in tertiary centers. INTERVENTION: Open SRP. MEASUREMENTS: BCR after SRP was defined as a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >=  0.1 or >=  0.2 ng/ml (depending on the institution). Secondary end points included progression to @entity3 and @entity5 . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Median age at SRP was 65 yr of age, and median pre-SRP PSA was 4.5 ng/ml. Following SRP, 195 @entity1 experienced BCR, 64 developed @entity3 , and 40 died from PCa. At 10 yr after SRP, BCR-free survival, @entity3 -free survival, and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) probabilities were 37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31-43), 77% (95% CI, 71-82), and 83% (95% CI, 76-88), respectively. On preoperative multivariable analysis, pre-SRP PSA and Gleason score at postradiation prostate biopsy predicted BCR (p = 0.022; global p < 0.001) and @entity3 (p = 0.022; global p < 0.001). On postoperative multivariable analysis, pre-SRP PSA and pathologic Gleason score at SRP predicted BCR (p = 0.014; global p < 0.001) and @entity3 (p < 0.001; global p < 0.001). Lymph node involvement (LNI) also predicted @entity3 (p = 0.017). The main limitations of this study are its retrospective design and the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In a select group of @entity1 who underwent SRP for radiation-recurrent PCa, freedom from clinical @entity3 was observed in >75% of @entity1 10 yr after surgery. @entity1 with lower pre-SRP PSA levels and lower postradiation prostate biopsy Gleason score have the highest probability of cure from SRP.

title: Salvage radical prostatectomy for XXXX : a multi-institutional collaboration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-recurrent prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-specific death']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['radiation-recurrent prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity3140 ( @entity3140 ) impairments are the most common disabling deficits after @entity64 and have complex relationships with activity and participation domains. However, relatively few studies have applied the ICF model to identify the contributions of specific @entity3140 , such as @entity425 , @entity158 , and sensory loss, as predictors of activity and participation. The purposes of this predictive study were to evaluate the relationships between @entity3140 variables related to body functions/structures, activity, and participation domains and to determine which would best explain activity and participation with 55 subjects with @entity64 . Body functions/structures were assessed by measures of grip, pinch, and @entity3140 strength, finger tactile sensations, shoulder @entity158 , and cognition (MMSE); activity domain by measures of observed performance (BBT, @entity24276 , and TEMPA); and participation by measures of quality of life (SSQOL). Upper-limb and grip strength were related to all activity measures (0.52 <r < 0.82, p < .0001). Shoulder @entity158 (r = -.39,p < .001) was the variable which was mostly related to participation. Grip strength alone accounted for 62%, 54%, and 36% of the variance in the activity measures (respectively TEMPA, BBT and @entity24276 ). Shoulder @entity158 accounted for 30% of the participation measure. @entity51 and shoulder @entity158 of the paretic @entity3140 demonstrated to be important targets for clinical interventions to improve activity and participation with @entity64 subjects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2c.

title: Upper extremity function in XXXX subjects: relationships between the international classification of functioning, disability, and health domains.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['UL impairments', 'UL', 'Upper limb']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Strength deficits']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some recent studies have asserted that locking plates do not provide adequate fixation of @entity6342 . The purpose of this study is to review our experience with proximal humeral locking plates, including complications, functional outcomes, and predictors of successful treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At our institution, 45 @entity1 (46 shoulders) with displaced @entity6342 were treated with a proximal humeral locking plate over a 6-year period. @entity1 underwent standard surgical and rehabilitation protocols and were evaluated clinically with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons standardized outcome measurements and range of motion at last follow-up. Radiographs obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at final follow-up were evaluated for @entity174 type, union, and change in alignment. RESULTS: There were 43 @entity1 (44 shoulders) available for range-of-motion and functional outcome measures with an average follow-up of 34 months. Fracture types included 19 two-part, 21 three-part, 3 four-part, and 1 head-splitting @entity174 . The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 11. The average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 85. The average visual analog @entity158 score was 0.8. The average range of motion was as follows: elevation, 140  ; external rotation at side, 49  ; external rotation in abduction, 77  ; and internal rotation, @entity3138 . No @entity1 had evidence of screw cutout, varus collapse, or @entity2530 . One @entity1 required hardware removal. CONCLUSIONS: Displaced @entity6342 can be successfully fixed with locking plates when  attention is paid to anatomic reduction, proper plate placement below to the greater tuberosity to allow abduction, screws in the head with subchondral bone purchase, calcar screws from inferior-lateral to superior-medial and delaying shoulder motion until at least 2 weeks.

title: Proximal periarticular locking plates in XXXX : functional outcomes.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: @entity3039 is an @entity792 characterized by antibody-mediated @entity1423 . A protein @entity669 phosphatase ( @entity5812 ) present in lymphocytes is an important negative regulator of signal transduction for the T-cell receptor-MHC complex and has been associated with @entity792 that produce autoantibodies. The present study investigated the frequency of the @entity43873 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the @entity5812 gene in @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) @entity1 . This case series study included 50 @entity1 with @entity3039 , 24 acute and 26 chronic cases, and 50 normal @entity1 as a control group. All were subjected to clinical history and laboratory investigations including complete blood count, genotyping of @entity5812 @entity43873 SNP by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and platelet antibodies using platelets suspension immunofluorescence test for the cases. Thirteen @entity1 (26%) were positive for the @entity5812 @entity43873 SNP. Three @entity1 were homozygous for the mutation and 10 were heterozygous. Comparison of the 26% of the @entity3039 @entity1 who were positive for the @entity5812 @entity43873 mutation with the 6% positive in the control group yielded a P value of 0.006. Antiplatelet antibodies were detected in five @entity1 (20.8%) with @entity3039 and in three @entity1 (11.5%) with chronic @entity3039 ; no significant association between the presence of @entity5812 @entity43873 mutation and the presence of antiplatelet antibodies was detected. The prevalence of @entity5812 gene mutation was higher in @entity3039 @entity1 , thus it may be considered as a genetic risk factor in the development of @entity3039 in Egyptian @entity1 .

title: The role of XXXX gene polymorphism in childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet destruction']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenia', 'acute ITP', 'ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity5812 :: (26191,Gene) :: ['PTPN22']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Direct evidence to support the airway protective function of aerodigestive reflexes triggered by pharyngeal stimulation was previously demonstrated by abolishing these reflexes by topical pharyngeal anesthesia in normal subjects. Studies have also shown that these reflexes deteriorate in cigarette smokers. Aim of this study was to determine the influence of defective pharyngeal aerodigestive reflexes on airway protection in cigarette smokers. METHODS: Pharyngoglottal Closure reflex; PGCR, Pharyngo-UES Contractile reflex; PUCR, and Reflexive Pharyngeal Swallow; RPS were studied in 15 healthy non-smokers (24.2  3.3 SD y, 7 males) and 15 healthy chronic smokers (27.3  8.1, 7 males). To elicit these reflexes and to evaluate @entity1173 , colored water was perfused into the hypopharynx at the rate of 1 mL/min. Maximum volume of water that can safely dwell in the hypopharynx before spilling into the larynx (Hypopharyngeal Safe Volume; HPSV) and the threshold volume to elicit PGCR, PUCR, and RPS were determined in smokers and results compared with non-smokers. RESULTS: At baseline, RPS was elicited in all non-smokers (100%) and in only 3 of 15 smokers (20%; P<.001). None of the non-smokers showed evidence of @entity7552 of water, whereas 12 of 15 smokers with absent RPS had @entity7552 . Pharyngeal anesthesia abolished RPS reflex in all non-smokers resulting in @entity7552 . The HPSV was 0.61  0.06 mL and 0.76  0.06 mL in non-smokers and smokers respectively (P=.1). CONCLUSIONS: Deteriorated reflexive pharyngeal swallow in chronic cigarette smokers predispose them to risks of @entity1173 and similarly, abolishing this reflex in non-smokers also results in @entity7552 . These observations directly demonstrate the airway protective function of RPS.

title: Protective role of aerodigestive reflexes against XXXX : study on subjects with impaired and preserved reflexes.

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal spillage']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: Currently there are three main drug groups for the prevention and treatment of @entity364 : @entity12365 ( @entity2379 deoxycholate or its lipid formulations), @entity8201 ( @entity2380 , @entity2059 or @entity7143 ) and @entity5626 ( @entity11794 , @entity1331 and @entity25928 ). However, a major characteristic to be evaluated when choosing an antifungal agent -apart from antifungal spectrum, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects- is the absence of significant drug interactions. @entity2379 lacks interactions but may cause @entity8 , leading to the accumulation of renally metabolized drugs. Nephrotoxicity is significantly lower with lipid formulations, especially with liposomal @entity2379 . Azoles modify the metabolism of a wide range of drugs by inhibiting their biotransformation or altering their distribution and elimination. These drugs are metabolized in the liver through the P450 cytochrome complex, inhibiting several isoenzymes, especially @entity5322 , the main drug-metabolizing enzyme. Moreover, @entity2059 and @entity7143 are substrates and inhibitors of the transporter protein, @entity1262 . @entity2380 is the @entity5638 with the fewest drug-drug interactions. The @entity5626 have increased the therapeutic arsenal and a particular feature of these drugs is their safety, due to the absence of severe adverse effects and the scarce number of interactions. The echinocandin with the highest number of interactions is caspofungin. @entity1331 is an echinocandin lacking in relevant interactions and consequently its dosage requires no adjustment in any of its indications. This drug can be used both in adults and in the pediatric population, including neonates.

title: [Drug interactions in critically-ill patients. An important factor in the use of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['Micafungin', 'micafungin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity1331 :: (MESH:C121905,Chemical) :: ['micafungin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pressure ulcer prevention is an indicator of quality of care. Reliable identification of Category I pressure @entity1066 is essential in prevalence studies and to prevent further tissue damage. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to establish interrater reliability between blanching and nonblanching erythema assessed by 2 independent assessors. The secondary purpose was to investigate potential correlations between risk factors and pressure @entity1066 . METHOD: Ninety-seven @entity1 65 years or older with @entity173 were consecutively recruited for this prospective, comparative observation study. Seventy-eight @entity1 completed the study. The sacral area of each @entity1 was visually assessed and a finger-press test was administered to each @entity1 by 2 independent assessors. Kappa statistics were used for analysis. FINDINGS: finger-press tests and visual observation alone were not reliable methods to discriminate between blanching and nonblanching erythema. Forty-seven percent of the @entity1 had a risk score 20 or fewer (high risk for pressure @entity1066 ). Forty-four @entity1 (56%) had pressure @entity1066 at discharge.

title: Category I pressure XXXX : how reliable is clinical assessment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A few reports suggest that the emergence of double balloon endoscopy (DBE) has likely changed the clinical @entity5 (SBTs). AIM: To further clarify the characteristics of SBTs detected by DBE. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted in 227 @entity1 who had undergone DBE. RESULTS: The SBT group contained more symptomatic @entity1 than the non-SBT group (90% vs. 49%, P<0.0005) with a significantly higher rate of @entity344 at presentation (72% vs. 33%, P<0.005). Twenty @entity1 (8.8%) were eventually diagnosed with SBT, and their indications for DBE were obscure @entity360 (n=5), @entity490 (n=5), abdominal fullness (n=5), @entity391 (n=2), and @entity294 (n=1). @entity5 were located in the jejunum in 14 @entity1 (70%) and in the ileum in 6 (30%). A final histological diagnosis was assigned to all 20 @entity1 : primary @entity420 (n=8, 40%), @entity706 (n=5, 25%), @entity5 (n=4, 20%), @entity674 (n=1, 5%), @entity5 (n=1, 5%) and @entity1127 (n=1, 5%). @entity850 or @entity1066 were the most frequently observed endoscopic findings (n=13, 65%). All primary @entity420 and three of four (75%) metastatic @entity5 showed @entity850 or @entity1066 . Three of five (60%) @entity706 showed @entity1127 . All @entity1 but one underwent surgical resection or chemotherapy or both. CONCLUSION: DBE is a safe and useful procedure that enables a precise diagnosis of SBTs.

title: Characteristics of small bowel XXXX detected by double balloon endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory fibroid polyp', 'multiple lymphomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['picture of small bowel tumors', 'cancers', 'metastatic cancer', 'carcinoid tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonesterified @entity1718 (NEFA) play pathophysiological roles in @entity209 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). In this study, we analyzed the fasting NEFA profiles of normoglycemic individuals at risk for @entity2175 ( @entity1 with a recent history of @entity6677 (GDM)) in comparison to controls ( @entity1 after a normoglycemic pregnancy). We also examined the associations of NEFA species with overweight/ @entity28 , body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using LC-MS/MS, we analyzed 41 NEFA species in the fasting sera of 111 @entity1 (62 post-GDM, 49 controls). Clinical characterization included a five-point oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), biomarkers and anthropometrics, magnetic resonance imaging (n = 62) and a food frequency questionnaire. Nonparametric tests with Bonferroni correction, binary logistic regression analyses and rank correlations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 after GDM had a lower molar percentage of total @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ; 38.55% vs. 40.32%, p = 0.0002) than controls. At an explorative level of significance several NEFA species were associated with post-GDM status (with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c): The molar percentages of 14:0, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:4 were reduced, whereas those of 18:1, 18:2, 20:2, 24:4, @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ), @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and total n-6 NEFA were increased. BMI and the amount of body fat correlated inversely with several @entity10194 and @entity8981 and positively with various @entity5204 species over the whole study cohort (abs(  )>= 0.3 for all). 14:0 was inversely and BMI-independently associated with abdominal visceral adiposity. We saw no correlations of NEFA species with insulin sensitivity and the total NEFA concentration was similar in the post-GDM and the control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found alterations in the fasting NEFA profile associated with a recent history of @entity6677 , a risk marker for @entity2175 . NEFA composition also varied with overweight/ @entity28 and with body fat distribution, but not with insulin sensitivity.

title: Differences in the serum nonesterified Fatty Acid profile of young @entity1 associated with a recent history of XXXX and overweight/ @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonesterified @entity1718 (NEFA) play pathophysiological roles in @entity209 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). In this study, we analyzed the fasting NEFA profiles of normoglycemic individuals at risk for @entity2175 ( @entity1 with a recent history of @entity6677 (GDM)) in comparison to controls ( @entity1 after a normoglycemic pregnancy). We also examined the associations of NEFA species with overweight/ @entity28 , body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using LC-MS/MS, we analyzed 41 NEFA species in the fasting sera of 111 @entity1 (62 post-GDM, 49 controls). Clinical characterization included a five-point oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), biomarkers and anthropometrics, magnetic resonance imaging (n = 62) and a food frequency questionnaire. Nonparametric tests with Bonferroni correction, binary logistic regression analyses and rank correlations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 after GDM had a lower molar percentage of total @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ; 38.55% vs. 40.32%, p = 0.0002) than controls. At an explorative level of significance several NEFA species were associated with post-GDM status (with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c): The molar percentages of 14:0, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:4 were reduced, whereas those of 18:1, 18:2, 20:2, 24:4, @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ), @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and total n-6 NEFA were increased. BMI and the amount of body fat correlated inversely with several @entity10194 and @entity8981 and positively with various @entity5204 species over the whole study cohort (abs(  )>= 0.3 for all). 14:0 was inversely and BMI-independently associated with abdominal visceral adiposity. We saw no correlations of NEFA species with insulin sensitivity and the total NEFA concentration was similar in the post-GDM and the control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found alterations in the fasting NEFA profile associated with a recent history of @entity6677 , a risk marker for @entity2175 . NEFA composition also varied with overweight/ @entity28 and with body fat distribution, but not with insulin sensitivity.

title: Differences in the serum nonesterified Fatty Acid profile of young @entity1 associated with a recent history of @entity6677 and overweight/ XXXX .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']