abstract: The reflex mediated mechanical response was studied in the ankle flexors and ankle extensors of healthy and @entity508 subjects at maintained contractions from low to high concentration levels. This was done by a technique where muscle stretches could be applied during contractions with stretch reflex responses present or during contractions where the stretch reflex was absent. Stretch responses without stretch reflexes were obtained during contractions elicited by electrical stimulation. The validity of this method is discussed in details and it is concluded that the stretch responses during electrical stimulation can give a correct estimate of the non-reflex muscle response. The method is difficult to carry out in many @entity1 subjects and a number of precautions have to be taken. In healthy subjects a large reflex mediated mechanical response was found in the ankle flexors and ankle extensors, with the largest response at low and intermediate contraction levels. Surprisingly the reflex mediated mechanical response was found to be of equal size in the ankle extensors of @entity508 @entity1 and control subjects at all contraction levels. In the ankle flexors no reflex mediated mechanical response was present in the @entity1 contrary to the findings in the control subjects. A method was developed to predict the reflex mediated mechanical response from the reflex mediated EMG response. The method was successfully applied in the ankle flexors. In the ankle extensors the measured reflex mediated mechanical response was a factor of 2.5 lower than the EMG predicted mechanical reflex response. It was concluded that the method cannot be applied in situations where a large synchronized EMG response occurs--as it does in the ankle extensors. An increased EMG response was found in the ankle extensors in @entity508 @entity1 , but this was not followed by an increased mechanical reflex response. This emphasizes that conclusions drawn from EMG results should be done with caution. Stretch reflexes are increased in @entity508 @entity1 during clinical examination. This is in contrast to the findings under our experimental conditions, where the reflex mediated response during maintained contraction was decreased in the ankle flexors and unchanged in the ankle extensors of @entity508 @entity1 . Others have found that the H-reflex is modulated in healthy subjects in relation to different motor tasks. It was proposed that healthy subjects set the reflex in a facilitated state in relation to ongoing contraction under our experimental conditions and perhaps in a more inhibited state in the clinical test situation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Mechanical and electromyographic stretch responses in XXXX and healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spastic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Malignant transformation of @entity292 has been observed, particularly in perianal @entity292 in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity420 in @entity4570 and non- @entity30 -related @entity292 , however, is unknown. We investigated @entity420 originating from perianal and @entity4570 in both @entity30 @entity1 and non- @entity30 @entity1 from nine large, mostly tertiary referral, hospitals in The Netherlands. METHODS: @entity1 suffering from fistulizing disease and either @entity1141 or @entity420 between January 1990 and January 2007 were identified using the nationwide automated pathology database (PALGA). Clinical and histopathological data were collected and verified using hospital @entity1 -charts and reported by descriptive statistics. The total @entity30 -population comprised 6058 @entity1 . RESULTS: In a study-period of 17 years, 2324 @entity1 with any @entity292 were reported in PALGA. In 542 @entity1 , @entity1141 or @entity420 was also mentioned. After initial review and additional detailed chart review, 538 @entity1 were excluded, mainly because the @entity420 was not related to the @entity292 . In the remaining four @entity1 , all suffering from @entity30 , @entity420 originating from the @entity292 -tract was confirmed. The @entity5 developed 25 years (IQR 10-38) after @entity30 diagnosis, and 10 years (IQR 6-22) after @entity292 diagnosis. Median age at time of @entity420 diagnosis was 48.3 years (IQR 43-58). Only one @entity1 had clinical symptoms indicative for @entity420 . In three other @entity1 , the @entity420 was found coincidently. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 complicating perianal or enterocutaneous @entity292 -tracts is a rare finding. Only 4 out of 6058 @entity30 @entity1 developed a @entity292 -associated @entity420 . We could not identify any malignant transformations in non- @entity30 -related @entity292 in our 17 years study-period.

title: Malignant transformation of perianal and XXXX is rare: results of 17 years of follow-up from The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['enterocutaneous fistulas']

answer: @entity4570 :: (MESH:D007412,Disease) :: ['enterocutaneous fistulas']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the specific inhibition of maxizyme directing against mutant-type @entity876 gene (mtp53) at codon 249 in exon 7 (AGG-AGT) in vitro. METHODS: Two different monomers of anti-mtp53 maxizyme (maxizyme right MzR, maxizyme left MzL) and control mutant maxizyme (G(5)-A(5)) were designed by computer and cloned into vector pBSKU6 (pBSKU6MzR, pBSKU6MzL). After being sequenced, the restrictive endonuclease site in pBSKU6MzR was changed by PCR and then U6MzR was inserted into pBSKU6MzL, the recombinant vector was named pU6Mz and pU6asMz (mutant maxizyme). Mtp53 and wild-type @entity876 (wtp53) gene fragments were cloned into pGEM-T vector under the T7 promoter control. The @entity7263 -labeled mtp53 transcript was the target mRNA. Cold maxizyme transcripts were incubated with @entity7263 -labeled target RNA in vitro and radioautographed after denaturing @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: In cell-free systems, pU6Mz showed a specific cleavage activity against target mRNA at 37 degrees and 25 mM MgCL(2). The cleavage efficiency of pU6Mz was 42 %, while pU6asMz had no inhibitory effect. Wtp53 was not cleaved by pU6Mz either. CONCLUSION: pU6Mz had a specific catalytic activity against mtp53 in cell-free system. These lay a good foundation for studying the effects of anti-mtp53 maxizyme in HCC cell lines. The results suggest that maxizyme may be a promising alternative approach for treating @entity157 containing mtp53.

title: Maxizyme-mediated specific inhibition on mutant-type XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) is a proinflammatory monocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokine that has potent vasorelaxant effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). VSMC themselves also express both @entity1192 - and beta-genes, suggesting that @entity1192 may be an autocrine regulator of VSMC function. The present study demonstrates that @entity1 saphenous vein VSMC (HSVSMC) produce @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ), a specific inhibitor of @entity1192 action. @entity1193 was produced constitutively in most experiments, and its production was upregulated by @entity1359 and by @entity1356 . @entity1193 produced by HSVSMC remained predominately cell associated and was not detectable extracellularly. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and cDNA sequencing indicated that HSVSMC express the alternatively spliced form of @entity1193 which lacks the signal peptide present in secreted @entity1193 . HSVSMC also produced @entity1192 and the precursor form but not the mature form of @entity1356 . These results suggest that HSVSMC lack active @entity9302 . Like @entity1193 , @entity1356 precursor and @entity1192 remained cell associated, predominately in the cytosolic fraction. @entity1356 induced production of both @entity1193 and @entity1192 at each time point and concentration tested. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta augmented production of @entity1193 , but not that of @entity1192 . These results are suggestive of an autocrine role for cell-associated @entity1193 , as well as for @entity1192 and @entity1356 , in the regulation of VSMC function.

title: @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cells produce an intracellular form of XXXX receptor antagonist.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1Ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity9302 :: ('834', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 beta-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) is a proinflammatory monocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokine that has potent vasorelaxant effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). VSMC themselves also express both @entity1192 - and beta-genes, suggesting that @entity1192 may be an autocrine regulator of VSMC function. The present study demonstrates that @entity1 saphenous vein VSMC (HSVSMC) produce @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ), a specific inhibitor of @entity1192 action. @entity1193 was produced constitutively in most experiments, and its production was upregulated by @entity1359 and by @entity1356 . @entity1193 produced by HSVSMC remained predominately cell associated and was not detectable extracellularly. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and cDNA sequencing indicated that HSVSMC express the alternatively spliced form of @entity1193 which lacks the signal peptide present in secreted @entity1193 . HSVSMC also produced @entity1192 and the precursor form but not the mature form of @entity1356 . These results suggest that HSVSMC lack active @entity9302 . Like @entity1193 , @entity1356 precursor and @entity1192 remained cell associated, predominately in the cytosolic fraction. @entity1356 induced production of both @entity1193 and @entity1192 at each time point and concentration tested. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta augmented production of @entity1193 , but not that of @entity1192 . These results are suggestive of an autocrine role for cell-associated @entity1193 , as well as for @entity1192 and @entity1356 , in the regulation of VSMC function.

title: XXXX vascular smooth muscle cells produce an intracellular form of @entity1192 receptor antagonist.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chrysotile @entity1355 accounts for more than 90% of the @entity1355 used worldwide and exposure is associated with @entity1355 ( @entity1355 -related @entity82 ) and other @entity5 , but the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. A common pathogenic mechanism for these @entity5 is represented by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), through which epithelial cells undergo a morphological transformation to take on a mesenchymal phenotype. In the present work we propose that chrysotile @entity1355 induces EMT through a mechanism involving a Tranforming Growth Factor beta ( @entity2533 )-mediated signaling pathway. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of chrysotile @entity1355 in inducing EMT trying to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in this event. METHODS: @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were incubated with 1   g/cm(2) chrysotile @entity1355 for up to 72 h and several markers of EMT were investigated. Experiments with the specific inhibitors for @entity2533 , @entity9459 ( @entity9459 ) and Akt were carried out in order to confirm their involvement in @entity1355 -induced EMT. Real time PCR, Western blot and gelatin zymographies were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression changes of these markers. RESULTS: Chrysotile @entity1355 activates a @entity2533 -mediated signaling pathway, which implicates the contribution of Akt, @entity9459 , and @entity4245 . The activation of this pathway in BEAS-2B cells was associated with a decrease in the epithelial markers ( @entity5962 and @entity3546 ), and an increase in the mesenchymal markers (a-smooth muscle actin, @entity2277 , metalloproteinases and fibronectin). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that chrysotile @entity1355 induces EMT, a common event in @entity66 , at least in part by eliciting the @entity2533 -mediated Akt/ @entity9459 / @entity4245 pathway.

title: Effect of Chrysotile Exposure in XXXX Bronchial Epithelial Cells: Insights on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Asbestos-Related Diseases.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity9459 :: ('2932', 'Gene') :: ['GSK-3b', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3b']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES. Vocal fold @entity912 can have a significant impact on a @entity1 's quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze, in terms of vocal improvement and motility recovery, the post-vocal treatment results of @entity1 with unilateral vocal fold @entity912 (UVFP) who underwent early voice therapy. Study design. A 7 years prospective study of @entity1 with an UVFP who underwent our multidimensional diagnostic-therapeutic assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Seventy-four @entity1 with UVFP were included in the study. All @entity1 underwent a voice therapy based on forcible exercises supplemented by manipulations and maneuvers. A pre and post-treatment objective voice evaluation and self-assessment was made. RESULTS: Out of 74 @entity1 with UVFP, 51 (68.9%) recovered vocal fold motility. In 23 (31.1%), UVFP persisted after voice therapy. In this group of @entity1 , a complete glottal closure was seen in 5 before voice therapy and in 13 after; An important and significant (p <0.0001) reduction in fundamental frequency (F(o)) was found; a manifest improvement was seen for the mean values of Jitter (Jitt%; p = 0.001), Shimmer (Shim%; p <0.0001) and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR) (p <0.0001). The same statistical comparisons calculated for male @entity1 alone was not significant for Jitt% (0.102), Shim% (0.112) and NHR (0.155), as a result of the reduced number of @entity1 in this group. Voice Handicap Index (VHI) values showed a clear and significant improvement and mean maximum phonation time (MPT) increased significantly. CONCLUSION. Early voice therapy based on an energetic approach, combined with @entity1 co-operation, motivation and understanding through educated participation in the voice restoration process, strengthen the idea that @entity1 with UVFP have a good chance of recovering vocal fold motility or improving their voice quality.

title: The role of early voice therapy in the incidence of motility recovery in unilateral vocal fold XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: @entity20929 are expressed in the @entity35 kidney, but the factors that regulate this expression remain unknown. To try to understand what these might be, we have measured the renal levels of @entity20929 mRNAs by the ribonuclease protection-assay technique after a number of clearly defined renal/hemodynamic insults. 1) Six hours after the induction of @entity548 and @entity551 , there was a threefold increase in @entity1827 mRNA and a simultaneous threefold decrease in @entity1826 mRNA. This indicates that, in this situation, these two ET isoforms are differentially controlled and emphasizes the need for assay techniques capable of distinguishing between them. 2) One day after application of a 0.2-mm clip to the left renal artery, there was a > 2.5-fold induction of @entity1827 mRNA in that kidney, which persisted for 10 days. A smaller rise in @entity1827 mRNA was seen in the contralateral organ. After 2 days, @entity1826 mRNA levels were reduced by approximately 50% in the clipped organ. Both @entity3372 (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, 7.5 mg/kg daily) and @entity12584 (a nonselective ET receptor antagonist, 100 mg/kg daily) substantially reduced the elevation in @entity1827 mRNA seen in the clipped kidney after 2 days, suggesting that the generation of @entity1808 and the action of ET itself are involved in the mechanism by which clipping stimulates @entity1827 expression. By contrast, @entity3372 , but not @entity12584 , prevented the reduction in @entity1826 mRNA levels. 3) Renal denervation, dietary salt restriction, or diuretic treatment ( @entity1483 ) did not alter renal expression of @entity1827 or @entity1826 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression of XXXX in the @entity35 kidney.

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity20929 :: (24323;366270,Gene) :: ['endothelins 1 and 3']


abstract: @entity20929 are expressed in the @entity35 kidney, but the factors that regulate this expression remain unknown. To try to understand what these might be, we have measured the renal levels of @entity20929 mRNAs by the ribonuclease protection-assay technique after a number of clearly defined renal/hemodynamic insults. 1) Six hours after the induction of @entity548 and @entity551 , there was a threefold increase in @entity1827 mRNA and a simultaneous threefold decrease in @entity1826 mRNA. This indicates that, in this situation, these two ET isoforms are differentially controlled and emphasizes the need for assay techniques capable of distinguishing between them. 2) One day after application of a 0.2-mm clip to the left renal artery, there was a > 2.5-fold induction of @entity1827 mRNA in that kidney, which persisted for 10 days. A smaller rise in @entity1827 mRNA was seen in the contralateral organ. After 2 days, @entity1826 mRNA levels were reduced by approximately 50% in the clipped organ. Both @entity3372 (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, 7.5 mg/kg daily) and @entity12584 (a nonselective ET receptor antagonist, 100 mg/kg daily) substantially reduced the elevation in @entity1827 mRNA seen in the clipped kidney after 2 days, suggesting that the generation of @entity1808 and the action of ET itself are involved in the mechanism by which clipping stimulates @entity1827 expression. By contrast, @entity3372 , but not @entity12584 , prevented the reduction in @entity1826 mRNA levels. 3) Renal denervation, dietary salt restriction, or diuretic treatment ( @entity1483 ) did not alter renal expression of @entity1827 or @entity1826 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression of @entity20929 in the XXXX kidney.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The SBG 2000-1 trial is a randomised study that investigates if dose-tailored adjuvant FEC therapy based on the individual's leukocyte nadir value can improve outcome. The study has included 1535 @entity1 with medium and high-risk @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After a first standard dosed FEC course (5- @entity1487 600 mg/m(2), @entity1259 60 mg/mg(2) and @entity786 600 mg/m(2)), @entity1 who did not reach @entity1431 grade III or IV were randomised to standard doses (group standard) or doses tailored to achieve @entity1431 (group tailored) at courses 2-7. @entity1 who achieved @entity1431 grade III or more after the first course were not randomised but continued on standard doses (group registered). RESULTS: Both planned and actually delivered number of courses (seven) were the same in all three arms. The relative dose intensity was increased by a factor of 1.31 (E 1.22, C 1.43) for @entity1 in the tailored arm compared to the expected on standard dose. Ninety percent of the @entity1 in the tailored arm achieved @entity1431 grade III-IV compared with 29% among @entity1 randomised to standard dosed therapy. Dose tailoring was associated with acceptable acute non-haematological @entity137 with more @entity1665 , @entity390 , @entity391 and fatigue. CONCLUSION: Dose tailoring according to @entity1431 was feasible. It led to an increased dose intensity and was associated with acceptable excess of acute non-haematological @entity137 .

title: Dose-tailoring of FEC adjuvant chemotherapy based on @entity1431 is feasible and well tolerated. XXXX and dose intensity in the Scandinavian Breast Group phase 3 adjuvant Trial SBG 2000-1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['total alopecia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'grade III leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: The SBG 2000-1 trial is a randomised study that investigates if dose-tailored adjuvant FEC therapy based on the individual's leukocyte nadir value can improve outcome. The study has included 1535 @entity1 with medium and high-risk @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After a first standard dosed FEC course (5- @entity1487 600 mg/m(2), @entity1259 60 mg/mg(2) and @entity786 600 mg/m(2)), @entity1 who did not reach @entity1431 grade III or IV were randomised to standard doses (group standard) or doses tailored to achieve @entity1431 (group tailored) at courses 2-7. @entity1 who achieved @entity1431 grade III or more after the first course were not randomised but continued on standard doses (group registered). RESULTS: Both planned and actually delivered number of courses (seven) were the same in all three arms. The relative dose intensity was increased by a factor of 1.31 (E 1.22, C 1.43) for @entity1 in the tailored arm compared to the expected on standard dose. Ninety percent of the @entity1 in the tailored arm achieved @entity1431 grade III-IV compared with 29% among @entity1 randomised to standard dosed therapy. Dose tailoring was associated with acceptable acute non-haematological @entity137 with more @entity1665 , @entity390 , @entity391 and fatigue. CONCLUSION: Dose tailoring according to @entity1431 was feasible. It led to an increased dose intensity and was associated with acceptable excess of acute non-haematological @entity137 .

title: Dose-tailoring of FEC adjuvant chemotherapy based on XXXX is feasible and well tolerated. @entity137 and dose intensity in the Scandinavian Breast Group phase 3 adjuvant Trial SBG 2000-1.

answer: @entity1431 :: (MESH:D007970,Disease) :: ['leukopenia']


abstract: @entity788 is the fourth cause of @entity5 in the United States. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment, but most @entity1 present at diagnosis with unresectable or metastatic disease. Moreover, even with an R0 resection, the majority of @entity1 will die of disease recurrence. Most recurrences occur in the first 2-year after pancreatic resection, and are commonly located in the abdomen, even if distant metastases can occur. Recurrent @entity788 remains a significant therapeutic challenge, due to the limited role of surgery and radio-chemotherapy. Surgical management of recurrence is usually unreliable because @entity5 relapse typically presents as a technically unresectable, or as @entity66 with an @entity146 growth. Therefore, treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity788 has historically been limited to palliative chemotherapy or supportive care. Only few data are available in the Literature about this issue, even if in recent years more studies have been published to determine whether treatment after recurrence have any effect on @entity1 outcome. Recent therapeutic advances have demonstrated the potential to improve survival in selected @entity1 who had undergone resection for @entity788 . Multimodality management of recurrent @entity3123 may lead to better survival and quality of life in a small but significant percentage of @entity1 ; however, more and larger studies are needed to clarify the role of the different therapeutic options and the optimal way to combine them.

title: Multimodality treatment of recurrent XXXX : Mith or reality?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: In the heart in situ coronary flow stimulates @entity26 consumption, glycolytic flux, myocardial contractility, and the release of bioactive substances. Studies have indicated that the coronary flow-enhanced contraction is similar to a hormonelike effect because the enhanced contraction results from an elevation in intracellular free @entity460 . In fact, if extracellular @entity460 is raised sufficiently, the contraction amplitude rises and remains constant and independent of coronary flow. We hypothesized that coronary flow could also stimulate other @entity460 -dependent cardiac functions such as @entity67 ( @entity67 ) transmission. This hypothesis was tested in isolated @entity840 hearts perfused at constant flow. Our results show that increases in coronary flow (6-25 ml/min range) decrease the @entity67 delay solely as a result of reduced propagation time in the @entity67 node and not in @entity2224 . When coronary vascular resistance was altered by dilation ( @entity1242 , @entity1812 , @entity1854 , and @entity859 ) or by constriction (angiotensin II), this dromotropic effect of flow remained the same despite wide changes in perfusing pressure. Also, this dromotropic effect of flow was not altered by energy-altering substrates in the perfusate or by perfusion of @entity859 receptor blockers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of flow as a dromotropic stimulus varied inversely with changes in @entity460 entry caused either by elevation or reduction of extracellular @entity460 . In addition, enhanced viscosity of the perfusing medium amplifies the positive dromotropic effect of flow. These results suggest that coronary flow is a stimulus that exerts a positive dromotropic effect mediated by shear stress.

title: Coronary flow stimulates XXXX transmission in the isolated perfused @entity840 heart.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial or ventricular propagation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['A-V', 'auricular-ventricular']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['auricular-ventricular']


abstract: In the heart in situ coronary flow stimulates @entity26 consumption, glycolytic flux, myocardial contractility, and the release of bioactive substances. Studies have indicated that the coronary flow-enhanced contraction is similar to a hormonelike effect because the enhanced contraction results from an elevation in intracellular free @entity460 . In fact, if extracellular @entity460 is raised sufficiently, the contraction amplitude rises and remains constant and independent of coronary flow. We hypothesized that coronary flow could also stimulate other @entity460 -dependent cardiac functions such as @entity67 ( @entity67 ) transmission. This hypothesis was tested in isolated @entity840 hearts perfused at constant flow. Our results show that increases in coronary flow (6-25 ml/min range) decrease the @entity67 delay solely as a result of reduced propagation time in the @entity67 node and not in @entity2224 . When coronary vascular resistance was altered by dilation ( @entity1242 , @entity1812 , @entity1854 , and @entity859 ) or by constriction (angiotensin II), this dromotropic effect of flow remained the same despite wide changes in perfusing pressure. Also, this dromotropic effect of flow was not altered by energy-altering substrates in the perfusate or by perfusion of @entity859 receptor blockers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of flow as a dromotropic stimulus varied inversely with changes in @entity460 entry caused either by elevation or reduction of extracellular @entity460 . In addition, enhanced viscosity of the perfusing medium amplifies the positive dromotropic effect of flow. These results suggest that coronary flow is a stimulus that exerts a positive dromotropic effect mediated by shear stress.

title: Coronary flow stimulates @entity67 transmission in the isolated perfused XXXX heart.

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: We investigated the effect of preconditioning on the @entity63 -induced depletion of @entity855 in the blood-perfused @entity35 heart. Isolated hearts (n = 5/group) were aerobically perfused with whole blood from a support @entity35 and subjected to zero-flow global @entity63 (37 degrees C) for periods up to 35 min. Frozen hearts were taken for metabolic analysis. @entity63 contracture was assessed with an isovolumic intraventricular balloon. The study groups were 1) control (C) with unprotected @entity63 , 2) preconditioning (PC; 2 cycles of 3-min @entity63 /3-min reperfusion), and 3) cardioplegia (CP; St. Thomas') before @entity63 . Preconditioning accelerated, whereas cardioplegia delayed, @entity5649 (time to peak contracture: PC = 8.1 +/- 0.3 and CP = 25.1 +/- 0.2 min vs. C = 15.6 +/- 0.3 min, P < 0.05). The @entity63 -induced decline in @entity855 was delayed by cardioplegia but accelerated by preconditioning (P < 0.05). In a parallel study, preconditioning and cardioplegia protected postischemic contractile function to a similar extent. Thus, in the blood-perfused @entity35 heart, preconditioning accelerated @entity5649 and depletion of @entity855 . In contrast, cardioplegia slowed @entity5649 and @entity855 depletion.

title: Preconditioning accelerates contracture and XXXX depletion in blood-perfused @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: We investigated the effect of preconditioning on the @entity63 -induced depletion of @entity855 in the blood-perfused @entity35 heart. Isolated hearts (n = 5/group) were aerobically perfused with whole blood from a support @entity35 and subjected to zero-flow global @entity63 (37 degrees C) for periods up to 35 min. Frozen hearts were taken for metabolic analysis. @entity63 contracture was assessed with an isovolumic intraventricular balloon. The study groups were 1) control (C) with unprotected @entity63 , 2) preconditioning (PC; 2 cycles of 3-min @entity63 /3-min reperfusion), and 3) cardioplegia (CP; St. Thomas') before @entity63 . Preconditioning accelerated, whereas cardioplegia delayed, @entity5649 (time to peak contracture: PC = 8.1 +/- 0.3 and CP = 25.1 +/- 0.2 min vs. C = 15.6 +/- 0.3 min, P < 0.05). The @entity63 -induced decline in @entity855 was delayed by cardioplegia but accelerated by preconditioning (P < 0.05). In a parallel study, preconditioning and cardioplegia protected postischemic contractile function to a similar extent. Thus, in the blood-perfused @entity35 heart, preconditioning accelerated @entity5649 and depletion of @entity855 . In contrast, cardioplegia slowed @entity5649 and @entity855 depletion.

title: Preconditioning accelerates contracture and @entity855 depletion in blood-perfused XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: This pilot study explored health professionals' and @entity1 ' perceptions of @entity6 through the development of the @entity6 Semantic Differential Scales (DSDS). These scales evaluate the meaning of @entity6 . METHODS: Health professionals (n = 39) attending a CME course completed the health professional version of the DSDS. @entity1 (n = 70) completed the @entity1 version of the DSDS. RESULTS: The reliability of the DSDS was supported. The scale scores of health professionals, African American @entity1 , and Caucasian @entity1 , examined initially by one-way analyses of variance, showed significant differences among the groups for 4 of the 18 @entity6 concepts. Effect sizes were also examined among these groups. For 7 concepts, there was a significant practical difference between the perceptions of the health professionals and the African American @entity1 . For the Caucasian @entity1 , differences were noted for 6 concepts. CONCLUSIONS: There are 3 primary inferences from this pilot study. First, health professionals and @entity1 are likely to hold different perceptions of key @entity6 concepts. Second, the concepts on which professionals and @entity1 differ are not always what one would expect. Third, health professionals should clarify @entity1 ' understanding of @entity6 to minimize the potential for miscommunication.

title: Measuring perceptions of XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes-related concepts']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes-related concepts']


abstract: @entity3377 is a zoonosis of economic importance that reduces productivity in livestock enterprises as it induces abortion in infected animals. A study was designed aimed at detecting Brucella in blood and lymph node specimens from @entity20770 by the use of real-time PCR in Iran. Sample collection and DNA extraction were done on blood (n = 135) and lymph node (n = 135) samples collected from 135 @entity20770 (abattoir survey) from both sexes at various ages in different seasons. The real-time PCR for species differentiation was based on unique genetic loci of @entity6467 and @entity6469 . The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and TaqMan   probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for @entity6467 and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for @entity6469 . Brucella spp. were identified in 18 (13.33%) blood samples and 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. This method showed to be effective in detecting @entity6469 and @entity6467 in blood and lymph samples respectively. @entity6469 was detected in 3 (2.22%) blood samples but was however, not detected in the lymph node samples. @entity6467 was only observed in 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. Significant differences were observed on the blood prevalence of unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups and seasons (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed on the prevalence of @entity6469 , @entity6467 , unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups, sex and seasons (P > 0.05). Therefore, Brucella was detected in apparent healthy @entity20770 slaughtered at an abattoir in Iran and this recommends the significance of the detection of Brucella in @entity20770 , since the infected @entity20770 appear to be healthy.

title: Molecular study of XXXX in @entity20770 by the use of TaqMan   real-time PCR.

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['Brucella abortus', 'B. abortus']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis', 'B. melitensis']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['Brucellosis']


abstract: @entity3377 is a zoonosis of economic importance that reduces productivity in livestock enterprises as it induces abortion in infected animals. A study was designed aimed at detecting Brucella in blood and lymph node specimens from @entity20770 by the use of real-time PCR in Iran. Sample collection and DNA extraction were done on blood (n = 135) and lymph node (n = 135) samples collected from 135 @entity20770 (abattoir survey) from both sexes at various ages in different seasons. The real-time PCR for species differentiation was based on unique genetic loci of @entity6467 and @entity6469 . The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and TaqMan   probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for @entity6467 and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for @entity6469 . Brucella spp. were identified in 18 (13.33%) blood samples and 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. This method showed to be effective in detecting @entity6469 and @entity6467 in blood and lymph samples respectively. @entity6469 was detected in 3 (2.22%) blood samples but was however, not detected in the lymph node samples. @entity6467 was only observed in 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. Significant differences were observed on the blood prevalence of unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups and seasons (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed on the prevalence of @entity6469 , @entity6467 , unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups, sex and seasons (P > 0.05). Therefore, Brucella was detected in apparent healthy @entity20770 slaughtered at an abattoir in Iran and this recommends the significance of the detection of Brucella in @entity20770 , since the infected @entity20770 appear to be healthy.

title: Molecular study of @entity3377 in XXXX by the use of TaqMan   real-time PCR.

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['camels']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine what assisted reproductive technologies (ART) policies, if any, have been instituted in response to an increasingly overweight and @entity28 @entity1 population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: University-affiliated IVF clinic. @entity1 (S): @entity1 in the overweight and @entity28 body mass index (BMI) categories seeking ART treatments. INTERVENTION(S): Anonymous survey sent to medical directors at 395 IVF centers listed in Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Assessment of recommendations, policies, and restrictions for @entity1 who are overweight/ @entity28 and who desire treatment for @entity249 , including in IVF, IUI, and donor egg cycles. RESULT(S): Seventy-seven anonymous responses were received (19.5% response rate): 64.9% of centers have a formal policy for @entity28 , and 84% of those have a maximum BMI at which they will perform IVF, while 38% of those have a maximum BMI for performing IUI; 64.6% of respondents reported anesthesia requirements/concerns as the primary criteria for @entity1 exclusion. Other primary considerations included safety during ongoing pregnancy and ART outcomes. CONCLUSION(S): Centers that have policies regarding @entity28 and access to ART consider efficacy, procedural safety, safety in pregnancy, and overall health status. Policies vary widely. The @entity1 's autonomy must be balanced with nonmaleficence and the avoidance of interventions that may be unsafe both immediately and long term.

title: Survey assessing XXXX policies for assisted reproductive technology in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adverse events and associated morbidity and subsequent costs receive increasing attention in clinical practice and research. As opposed to complications, errors are not described or analysed in literature on @entity174 surgery. The aim of this study was to provide a description of errors and complications in relation to @entity174 surgery, as well as the circumstances in which they occur, for example urgency, type of surgeon, and type of @entity174 . METHODS: All errors and complications were recorded prospectively in our hospital's complication registry, which forms an integral part of the electronic medical @entity1 file. All recorded errors and complications in the complication registry linked to @entity174 surgery between 1 January, 2000 and 31 December, 2010 were analysed. RESULTS: During the study period 4310 osteosynthesis procedures were performed. In 78 (1.8  %) procedures an error in osteosynthesis was registered. The number of procedures in which an error occurred was significantly lower (OR  =  0.53; p  =  0.007) when an orthopaedic @entity130 surgeon was part of the operating team. Of all 3758 @entity1 who were admitted to the surgical ward for osteosynthesis, 745 (19.8  %) had one or more @entity260 registered. There was no significant difference in the number of @entity260 after osteosynthesis procedures in which an orthopaedic @entity130 surgeon was present or absent (16.7 vs. 19.1  %; p  =  0.088; OR 0.85). DISCUSSION: In the present study the true error rate after osteosynthesis may have been higher than the rate found. Errors that had no significant consequence may be especially susceptible to underreporting. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that an osteosynthesis procedure performed by or actively assisted by an orthopaedic @entity130 surgeon decreases the probability of an error in osteosynthesis. Apart from errors in osteosynthesis, the involvement of an orthopaedic @entity130 surgeon did not lead to a significant @entity260 .

title: Technical errors and complications in orthopaedic XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the number of postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity428 ( @entity428 ) measurements are essential in evaluation and treatment of @entity16 such as subarachnoid and @entity1779 , @entity385 , @entity1276 , @entity693 / @entity198 , and @entity131 ( @entity131 ). The techniques of @entity428 monitoring have evolved from invasive to non-invasive-with both limitations and advantages. Some limitations of the invasive methods include short-term monitoring, risk of @entity281 , restricted mobility of the subject, etc. The invasiveness of a method limits the frequency of @entity428 evaluation in neurological conditions like @entity1276 , thus hampering the long-term care of @entity1 with compromised @entity428 . Thus, there has been substantial interest in developing noninvasive techniques for assessment of @entity428 . Several approaches were reported, although none seem to provide a complete solution due to inaccuracy. @entity428 measurements are fundamental for immediate care of @entity131 @entity1 in the acute stages of severe @entity131 . In severe @entity131 , @entity428 is associated with mortality or poor clinical outcome. @entity428 monitoring in conjunction with other neurological monitoring can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of @entity75 . This review article presents: (a) the significance of @entity428 monitoring; (b) @entity428 monitoring methods (invasive and non-invasive); and

title: Advances in Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Its Significance in Managing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI injury', 'TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial pressure', 'ICP', 'elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: The existence of intracrystalline proteins and @entity1522 in @entity3835 was demonstrated by X-ray synchrotron diffraction studies. Their presence has implications for the destruction of @entity3835 crystals formed in the urinary tract and the prevention of @entity1290 . INTRODUCTION: Although proteins are present in @entity1 @entity1290 , their role in stone pathogenesis remains unknown. This investigation aimed to characterize the nature of the relationship between the organic and mineral phases in @entity3835 ( @entity10812 ) crystals grown in @entity1 urine and in aqueous solutions of proteins and @entity1522 to clarify the function of proteins in @entity1791 . METHODS: @entity10812 crystals were grown in @entity1 urine and in aqueous solutions containing either @entity1 prothrombin (PT), Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG), @entity2574 ( @entity2574 ), @entity2574 dimer (Asp @entity2574 ), @entity367 ( @entity367 ), @entity367 dimer (GluGlu), or @entity16699 ( @entity9984 ). Controls consisted of @entity10812 crystals precipitated from pure inorganic solutions or from @entity1 urine that had been ultrafiltered to remove macromolecules. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Rietveld whole-pattern peak fitting and profile analysis was used to determine nonuniform crystal strain and crystallite size in polycrystalline samples. RESULTS: Crystals precipitated from ultrafiltered urine had lower nonuniform strain than those grown in urine or in aqueous PT solution. @entity6475 was much lower in crystals grown in distilled water or in the presence of @entity333 . For the @entity1522 , the highest nonuniform strain was exhibited by crystals grown in @entity9984 solution, followed by @entity367 . Crystallite size was inversely related to nonuniform strain, with the effect being significantly less for @entity1522 than for macromolecules. CONCLUSIONS: Selected proteins and @entity1522 associated with @entity10812 crystals are intracrystalline. Although their incorporation into the mineral bulk would be expected to affect the rate of crystal growth, they also have the potential to influence the phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of any crystals nucleated and trapped within the renal collecting system. Crystals impregnated with protein would be more susceptible to digestion by cellular proteases, which would provide access to the crystal core, thereby facilitating further proteolytic degradation and mineral dissolution. We therefore propose that intracrystalline proteins may constitute a natural form of defense against @entity1290 formation.

title: Intracrystalline proteins and XXXX : a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of @entity3835 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate monohydrate', 'calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Nonuniform strain']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones', 'renal stone']

entities_list: @entity16699 :: ('MESH:D015055', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-carboxyglutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid', 'Glu']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['Asp', 'aspartic acid']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: The existence of intracrystalline proteins and @entity1522 in @entity3835 was demonstrated by X-ray synchrotron diffraction studies. Their presence has implications for the destruction of @entity3835 crystals formed in the urinary tract and the prevention of @entity1290 . INTRODUCTION: Although proteins are present in @entity1 @entity1290 , their role in stone pathogenesis remains unknown. This investigation aimed to characterize the nature of the relationship between the organic and mineral phases in @entity3835 ( @entity10812 ) crystals grown in @entity1 urine and in aqueous solutions of proteins and @entity1522 to clarify the function of proteins in @entity1791 . METHODS: @entity10812 crystals were grown in @entity1 urine and in aqueous solutions containing either @entity1 prothrombin (PT), Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG), @entity2574 ( @entity2574 ), @entity2574 dimer (Asp @entity2574 ), @entity367 ( @entity367 ), @entity367 dimer (GluGlu), or @entity16699 ( @entity9984 ). Controls consisted of @entity10812 crystals precipitated from pure inorganic solutions or from @entity1 urine that had been ultrafiltered to remove macromolecules. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Rietveld whole-pattern peak fitting and profile analysis was used to determine nonuniform crystal strain and crystallite size in polycrystalline samples. RESULTS: Crystals precipitated from ultrafiltered urine had lower nonuniform strain than those grown in urine or in aqueous PT solution. @entity6475 was much lower in crystals grown in distilled water or in the presence of @entity333 . For the @entity1522 , the highest nonuniform strain was exhibited by crystals grown in @entity9984 solution, followed by @entity367 . Crystallite size was inversely related to nonuniform strain, with the effect being significantly less for @entity1522 than for macromolecules. CONCLUSIONS: Selected proteins and @entity1522 associated with @entity10812 crystals are intracrystalline. Although their incorporation into the mineral bulk would be expected to affect the rate of crystal growth, they also have the potential to influence the phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of any crystals nucleated and trapped within the renal collecting system. Crystals impregnated with protein would be more susceptible to digestion by cellular proteases, which would provide access to the crystal core, thereby facilitating further proteolytic degradation and mineral dissolution. We therefore propose that intracrystalline proteins may constitute a natural form of defense against @entity1290 formation.

title: Intracrystalline proteins and @entity1791 : a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of XXXX .

answer: @entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['calcium oxalate monohydrate']


abstract: Lymphatic drainage from the breast is principally to the @entity717 . In @entity1 with @entity0 the status of the nodes in the axilla is an important prognostic factor and can be used to determine local and systemic treatment. Clinical assessment of the node status is unreliable and imaging techniques, though promising, are at present not practical. The standard policy for management of the axilla is axillary clearance (either level II or III), which is justified by the fact that in both stages the armpit is treated. In those node-negative cases, however, it is an unnecessary operation and is linked to some morbidity. Various methods to obtain nodes for histologic evaluation in an attempt to stage the axilla have been tried. A pectoral node biopsy, where a single node is taken from the axillary tail, has been proven to be unreliable. A triple-node biopsy (pectoral, apical, internal mammary) provides excellent prognostic data but is difficult to perform in @entity1 treated by breast conservation. Four-node sampling has been assessed in Edinburgh in two randomized trials comparing node sampling to level III axillary clearance. The four-node sampling technique was shown to be reliable for staging the axilla, and in node-negative cases no further treatment is required. Detailed morbidity has been evaluated in @entity1 who underwent axillary dissection, and node sampling plus radiation and node sampling without radiation demonstrated that those with node sampling had the least morbidity. Those with radiation have reduced movement around the shoulder joint, and the axillary dissection group have @entity4 and slightly reduced abduction. Sentinel node biopsy is presently being evaluated in several centers by randomized studies. Several large series have shown the method to be accurate (98%) when the sentinel node is identified (about 90% of cases). Sentinel node biopsy should routinely enter the field of axilla surgery and thus @entity1 without clinically recognized disease avoid overtreatment when the sentinel node is free of @entity5 .

title: Sentinel lymph-node biopsy qualification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['increased swelling of the upper limb']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral axilla']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2909 of the uterine cervix are uncommon. @entity3799 in non-pregnant @entity1 rarely are of clinical significance and their complications include pressure effects on the bladder or urethra, degenerative phenomema and @entity931 . We present a case of 46-year-old female, gravida 2, para 1 who was presented in the gynaecological emergency room with the chief complaint of profound @entity3556 over the previous three weeks with recent passage of clots. Pregnancy test was negative. She suffered from profound @entity551 and @entity591 . On examination, her abdomen was soft, non-tender, and without rebound, guarding or palpable masses. Bimanual examination was notable for the presence of a large firm mass fixed to the uterine cervix. The cervix was 8 cm dilated and the body of the uterus was felt separate from the mass. The sonographic findings were consistent with a large cervical @entity2909 . Subtotal hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and the @entity1 's postoperative course was uneventful. In conclusion, in the present case the cause of the heavy @entity3556 was a primary cervical fibroid as the uterus attempted to abort it.

title: Clinical considerations and sonographic findings of a large nonpedunculated primary cervical XXXX complicated by heavy vaginal haemorrhage: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['leiomyoma']


abstract: The author submits his 25-year experience with the diagnosis of @entity1911 in 36 @entity1 . He evaluates the clinical picture by discrimination analysis of subjective symptoms and objective signs of the disease. @entity101 --by 24-hour monitoring of the blood pressure. In case of slight elevation of @entity2661 he uses the Estulice test. In liminal cases @entity1 are dispensarised. Due to a higher frequency of CT examinations in @entity4372 @entity1 findings of @entity652 of the adrenals cumulate which are hormonally inactive. Gammagraphy can in that case confirm a functionally active @entity1911 , it can however produce also a falsely positive finding with an extraadrenal localization. Non-invasive detection of the site of a @entity1911 (computed tomography, ultrasonography, @entity7990 gammagraphy, the finding of an increased @entity2922 production) suffices for indication of surgical treatment. The author tries to avoid invasive examinations (angiography), as well as pharmacological provocation tests. Symptoms of @entity2922 @entity299 can simulate the electrocardiographic finding of @entity583 which makes decision taking on the therapeutic procedure more difficult. After alpha-blockers and in particular after a successful operation the electrocardiographic changes are restored to normal. After early assessment of the diagnosis and surgery the disease has at present a favourable prognosis.

title: [25 years' experience with diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzyl guanidine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: The author presents his experience assembled in a short-term (two-week) therapeutic trial with @entity72917 ointment, which contains @entity22018 , in 50 @entity1 with primary localized periarticular and muscular @entity239 . The preparation was used locally three times per day-2-3 cm of ointment pressed from a tube. The @entity1 were given a form in which they recorded every night the effect classified in four grades from the best to zero effect. In 49 the tolerance of the ointment was very good. In 45 @entity1 a therapeutic effect was achieved (90%), comprising 21 (42%) where the effect was excellent, in 24 it was good or satisfactory (48%) and only in 5 @entity1 no effect was recorded or the patents' statement was vague. In the first group of 21 @entity1 16 were able to abandon analgetic and anti-inflammatory treatment with non- @entity134 antirheumatics. @entity1 with the muscular form of @entity239 practically agreed in favour of the ointment. Gels according to these @entity1 tissues. The authors remind that according to their experience gels, incl. Mobilisin, are suited for periarticular forms of @entity239 . It is also useful to rub the ointment in micro-massage to achieve a greater initial hyperaemia and better resorption. Mobilisin ointment may prove useful also in other disciplines, in particular orthopaedics, surgery, traumatology, neurology, rehabilitation and sports medicine.

title: [Non-steroidal antirheumatic ointments in the treatment of primary periarticular and intramuscular XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity72917 :: ('MESH:C039246', 'Chemical') :: ['Mobilisin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibrositis']

entities_list: @entity22018 :: ('MESH:D005439', 'Chemical') :: ['flufenamic acid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibrositis']


abstract: We investigated the associations between @entity299 and some housing- and individual-related variables using the canonical correspondence analysis (CCOA) method in lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy @entity291 . We collected a total of 5200 5-min interbeat interval (IBI) samples from 260 animals on five commercial dairy farms [smaller-scale farms with 70 (Farm 1, n = 50) and 80 @entity291 per farm (Farm 2, n = 40), and larger-scale farms with 850 (Farm 3, n = 66), 1900 (Farm 4, n = 60) and 1200 (Farm 5, n = 45) @entity291 . Dependent variables included HRV parameters, which reflect the activity of the autonomic nervous system: heart rate (HR), the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in IBIs, the standard deviation 1 (SD1), the high frequency (HF) component of HRV and the ratio between the @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) and the HF parameter ( @entity4365 /HF). Explanatory variables were group size, space allowance, milking frequency, parity, daily milk yield, body condition score, locomotion score, farm, season and physical activity (lying, lying and rumination, standing, standing and rumination and feeding). Physical activity involved in standing, feeding and in rumination was associated with HRV parameters, indicating a decreasing sympathetic and an increasing vagal tone in the following order: feeding, standing, standing and rumination, lying and rumination, lying. Objects representing summer positioned close to HR and @entity4365 and far from SD1, RMSSD and HF indicate a higher sympathetic and a lower vagal activity. Objects representing autumn, spring and winter associated with increasing vagal activity, in this order. Time-domain measures of HRV were associated with most of the housing- and individual-related explanatory variables. Higher HR and lower RMSSD and SD1 were associated with higher group size, milking frequency, parity and milk yield, and low space allowance. Higher parity and milk yield were associated with higher sympathetic activity as well (higher @entity4365 /HF), while individuals with lower locomotion scores (lower degree of @entity1273 ) were characterized with a higher sympathetic and a lower vagal tone (higher HR and @entity4365 /HF and lower RMSSD and SD1). Our findings indicate that the CCOA method is useful in demonstrating associations between HRV and selected explanatory variables. We consider physical activity, space allowance, group size, milking frequency, parity, daily milk yield, locomotion score and season to be the most important variables in further HRV studies on dairy @entity291 .

title: Associations between Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Housing- and Individual-Related Variables in Dairy XXXX Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis.

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['low frequency', 'LF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV) parameters']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cows']


abstract: The spectrum of causes of @entity1448 ranges from microscopically recognizable damage to the parenchymal cells of the @entity409 choledochus und papilla Vateri. Liver biopsy on the one hand and ERCP on the other therefore constitute the morphological methods that come closest to the pathological substrate. Obligatory sonography serves the restriction of diagnosis to a large extent. Laparoscopy is nearly always dispensable. Even in case of liver biopsy the therapeutic consequences should have an influence. Consequently, for transpapillary endoscopic methods in @entity3883 it is essential to remove the obstruction (papillotomy and extraction of the @entity1608 or nasobiliary probe or intraluminal tube) if possible in one and the same session. The purely diagnostic ERC possibly causes @entity255 in mechanical icterus. Transpapillary and percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic methods are becoming more and more sophisticated and new indications are being discovered. However, the results of sonography and endoscopy in @entity3883 depend very much on the equipment available and experience of the investigator. He should realistically estimate what he is able to do as well as the @entity1 ' chances of recovery. In addition he should maintain contact to large departments of surgery and endoscopy.

title: [Endoscopy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver to obstruction of the ductus']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['dangerous cholangitis']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: Eighty-eight @entity1 with @entity1374 seen at the Rigshospital, Copenhagen during the period 1.5.1989-1.5.1994 were retrospectively studied. There were 64 females and 24 males. The average age was 54 years. Seventy-nine @entity1 were operated (six with subtotal and 73 with total thyroidectomy). Thirty-six (46%) had had previous thyroid operations and 12 of these @entity1 had preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed. The second operation thyroidectomy specimen contained @entity189 in 14 (39%) of the 36 @entity1 . Forty-nine @entity1 (62%) had different types of modified neck dissection performed under the operation and 31 (39%) of the operated @entity1 had lymph-node-metastases. Among the @entity1 who were operated at the department there were no accidental permanent recurrent @entity2895 . Among the 36 @entity1 who were operated at other departments there were four (11%) accidental recurrent @entity2895 from the primary operation. Twenty (25%) of the 79 operated @entity1 developed @entity2319 .

title: [Complications after surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['malign thyroid diseases']


abstract: Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on 168 consecutive primary operable @entity0 and the results correlated with @entity1014 labeling, @entity172 receptor (ER) and @entity1420 receptor values, and various histologic parameters. Seventy-five @entity5 (45.0%) were diploid and 93 (55.0%) aneuploid. In 83.9% of @entity5 , the DNA index fell between 1.1 and 2.0. Thirteen @entity5 were hypertetraploid and three hypodiploid. The percent of S-phase @entity5 (SpF) varied from 1.1% to 24.4%, with a mean of 8.0% and a median of 7.1%. The mean SpF of @entity5 was 5.2%; of @entity5 , 10.3%. There was no significant correlation between SpF or ploidy and @entity5 size or axillary lymph node status. The @entity1014 labeling index (TLI) varied from 0.2 to 23.1, with a mean of 7.5 and a median of 6.1. There was good correlation between TLI and SpF (r = 0.892, P = 0.0001). ER-negative @entity5 had a significantly higher mean SpF (10.3%) than did ER-positive @entity5 (6.7%), but there was no significant correlation between ploidy and receptor positivity or negativity. There was a good correlation between @entity3 , poor cytologic differentiation, aneuploidy, and above-median SpF. Only a fair correlation was observed between mitotic rate and SpF. A classification of invasive @entity0 based on ploidy and SpF is proposed.

title: A proposed classification of @entity0 based on kinetic information: derived from a comparison of risk factors in 168 primary operable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diploid cancers', 'cancers', 'aneuploid cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive tumor necrosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on 168 consecutive primary operable @entity0 and the results correlated with @entity1014 labeling, @entity172 receptor (ER) and @entity1420 receptor values, and various histologic parameters. Seventy-five @entity5 (45.0%) were diploid and 93 (55.0%) aneuploid. In 83.9% of @entity5 , the DNA index fell between 1.1 and 2.0. Thirteen @entity5 were hypertetraploid and three hypodiploid. The percent of S-phase @entity5 (SpF) varied from 1.1% to 24.4%, with a mean of 8.0% and a median of 7.1%. The mean SpF of @entity5 was 5.2%; of @entity5 , 10.3%. There was no significant correlation between SpF or ploidy and @entity5 size or axillary lymph node status. The @entity1014 labeling index (TLI) varied from 0.2 to 23.1, with a mean of 7.5 and a median of 6.1. There was good correlation between TLI and SpF (r = 0.892, P = 0.0001). ER-negative @entity5 had a significantly higher mean SpF (10.3%) than did ER-positive @entity5 (6.7%), but there was no significant correlation between ploidy and receptor positivity or negativity. There was a good correlation between @entity3 , poor cytologic differentiation, aneuploidy, and above-median SpF. Only a fair correlation was observed between mitotic rate and SpF. A classification of invasive @entity0 based on ploidy and SpF is proposed.

title: A proposed classification of XXXX based on kinetic information: derived from a comparison of risk factors in 168 primary operable @entity0 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity3444 . DESIGN: Randomised, blinded, multicentre trial with parallel group design. SETTING: Nine hospitals and one outpatient clinic in Germany. @entity1 : 272 @entity1 with @entity3444 recalcitrant to conservative therapy for at least six months: 135 @entity1 were allocated extracorporeal shock wave therapy and 137 were allocated placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end point was the success rate 12 weeks after intervention based on the Roles and Maudsley score. Secondary end points encompassed subjective @entity158 ratings and walking ability up to a year after the last intervention. RESULTS: The primary end point could be assessed in 94% (n=256) of @entity1 . The success rate 12 weeks after intervention was 34% (n=43) in the extracorporeal shock wave therapy group and 30% (n=39) in the placebo group (95% confidence interval - 8.0% to 15.1%). No difference was found in the secondary end points. Few side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is ineffective in the treatment of @entity3444 .

title: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for XXXX : randomised controlled multicentre trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['plantar fasciitis']


abstract: Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been reported to produce a high incidence of complete regression of epithelial @entity5 of the anal canal, resulting in prolonged disease-free survival. This modality has been advocated as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection as a primary treatment for this disease. Our group treated 19 @entity1 between 1979 and 1985. Treatment included two infusions of @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2/24 hours), one dose of @entity1138 (15 mg/m2), and simultaneous whole-pelvis radiation (3000 rad). The complete response rate was 88%. Three @entity1 had @entity5 incompletely controlled by that therapy. They underwent abdominoperineal resections and are alive without disease at 10, 39, and 43 months, respectively. Actuarial disease-free survival at 40 months was 87.5 +/- 8.8 (% +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]). Complications included gastrointestinal, hematologic, and cutaneous @entity137 . These results confirmed a high complete response rate to this therapy. @entity177 may occur, but these may be salvaged with abdominoperineal resection.

title: Combined chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery for epithelial XXXX of the anal canal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Local treatment failures']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Holter monitoring (HM) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is used currently for the management of @entity1 with ventricular @entity3155 ( @entity3155 ). It makes it possible to detect inconstant @entity3155 which is considered a marker of a favourable clinical development. HM of ECG is not suitable for the detection of @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) in @entity1 with @entity3155 , as their presence is detected only exceptionally during HM. It can be used for the detection of other disorders of the cardiac rhythm than @entity4710 , in particular in supraventricular and @entity1540 (SVES and VES). Frequent SVES and VES detected during HM can as potential triggers of @entity4710 indicate a higher risk of these @entity943 . HM is used for the objectivization of relatively frequent, sometimes quite polymorphous subjective complaints of @entity1 with @entity3155 . Subjective data of these @entity1 are very unreliable and from these data it is not possible to draw conclusions on the presence or absence of disorders of the cardiac rhythm. HM of ECG is not a suitable method for the evaluation of the effectiveness of medicamentous antiarrhythmic treatment of @entity4710 because of their considerable spontaneous variability. It may be, however, used partly for the evaluation of success of radiofrequency ablation treatment. Evaluation of long-term ambulatory ECG Holter tracings in @entity1 with @entity3155 is more complicated and more time consuming than in subjects without @entity3155 . In any case it is essential that the record should be evaluated by an experienced physician with sufficient knowledge in arrhythmology.

title: [Electrocardiographic Holter monitoring in XXXX with ventricular pre-excitation: possibilities of its uses and pitfalls].

entities_list: @entity3155 :: ('MESH:D011226', 'Disease') :: ['preexcitation', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['PSVT', 'paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose is to determine whether a novel cell cycle marker, @entity9965 ( @entity9965 ), predicted @entity420 ( @entity420 ) risk in @entity355 ( @entity355 ) and whether this could be used in combination with a surface sampling method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Archival specimens [30 normal squamous esophagus (NE), 20 gastric antrum (GA), 13 duodenum (D2), 62 @entity355 +/- @entity1141 , and 16 ( @entity420 )] were stained for @entity9965 . Sequential biopsies from nine @entity1 who developed @entity420 during surveillance were compared with 18 matched controls who did not progress. Prospective endoscopic cytological brushings (61 NE, 90 @entity355 +/- @entity1141 , and 11 @entity420 ) were scored as @entity9965 positive or negative. RESULTS: @entity9965 was not expressed on the luminal surface of NE, GA, and D2. In @entity355 , the percentage of surface cells expressing @entity9965 correlated highly with the degree of @entity1141 (P < 0.0001). In @entity1 who developed @entity420 , biopsies before @entity1141 had higher @entity9965 expression than the matched control @entity1 (mean, 28.4 and 3.4% positive cells, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the prospective cohort, the histopathological diagnosis of @entity1141 or @entity420 and the @entity9965 -positive brushings were concordant in 91% of the @entity1 (P < 0.005), and the results correlated with the frequency of cases with surface expression of @entity9965 in the retrospective study (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surface expression of @entity9965 can be used to detect @entity1141 and @entity420 , as well as @entity1 with @entity355 at risk for subsequent development of @entity1141 and @entity420 . A brushing technique combined with @entity9965 staining has the potential to be exploited in surveillance and screening protocols.

title: Surface expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins provides a novel method for detecting @entity1 at risk for developing XXXX in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity9965 :: ('4171', 'Gene') :: ['Mcm2', 'minichromosome maintenance protein 2']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose is to determine whether a novel cell cycle marker, @entity9965 ( @entity9965 ), predicted @entity420 ( @entity420 ) risk in @entity355 ( @entity355 ) and whether this could be used in combination with a surface sampling method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Archival specimens [30 normal squamous esophagus (NE), 20 gastric antrum (GA), 13 duodenum (D2), 62 @entity355 +/- @entity1141 , and 16 ( @entity420 )] were stained for @entity9965 . Sequential biopsies from nine @entity1 who developed @entity420 during surveillance were compared with 18 matched controls who did not progress. Prospective endoscopic cytological brushings (61 NE, 90 @entity355 +/- @entity1141 , and 11 @entity420 ) were scored as @entity9965 positive or negative. RESULTS: @entity9965 was not expressed on the luminal surface of NE, GA, and D2. In @entity355 , the percentage of surface cells expressing @entity9965 correlated highly with the degree of @entity1141 (P < 0.0001). In @entity1 who developed @entity420 , biopsies before @entity1141 had higher @entity9965 expression than the matched control @entity1 (mean, 28.4 and 3.4% positive cells, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the prospective cohort, the histopathological diagnosis of @entity1141 or @entity420 and the @entity9965 -positive brushings were concordant in 91% of the @entity1 (P < 0.005), and the results correlated with the frequency of cases with surface expression of @entity9965 in the retrospective study (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surface expression of @entity9965 can be used to detect @entity1141 and @entity420 , as well as @entity1 with @entity355 at risk for subsequent development of @entity1141 and @entity420 . A brushing technique combined with @entity9965 staining has the potential to be exploited in surveillance and screening protocols.

title: Surface expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins provides a novel method for detecting @entity1 at risk for developing @entity420 in XXXX .

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose is to determine whether a novel cell cycle marker, @entity9965 ( @entity9965 ), predicted @entity420 ( @entity420 ) risk in @entity355 ( @entity355 ) and whether this could be used in combination with a surface sampling method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Archival specimens [30 normal squamous esophagus (NE), 20 gastric antrum (GA), 13 duodenum (D2), 62 @entity355 +/- @entity1141 , and 16 ( @entity420 )] were stained for @entity9965 . Sequential biopsies from nine @entity1 who developed @entity420 during surveillance were compared with 18 matched controls who did not progress. Prospective endoscopic cytological brushings (61 NE, 90 @entity355 +/- @entity1141 , and 11 @entity420 ) were scored as @entity9965 positive or negative. RESULTS: @entity9965 was not expressed on the luminal surface of NE, GA, and D2. In @entity355 , the percentage of surface cells expressing @entity9965 correlated highly with the degree of @entity1141 (P < 0.0001). In @entity1 who developed @entity420 , biopsies before @entity1141 had higher @entity9965 expression than the matched control @entity1 (mean, 28.4 and 3.4% positive cells, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the prospective cohort, the histopathological diagnosis of @entity1141 or @entity420 and the @entity9965 -positive brushings were concordant in 91% of the @entity1 (P < 0.005), and the results correlated with the frequency of cases with surface expression of @entity9965 in the retrospective study (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surface expression of @entity9965 can be used to detect @entity1141 and @entity420 , as well as @entity1 with @entity355 at risk for subsequent development of @entity1141 and @entity420 . A brushing technique combined with @entity9965 staining has the potential to be exploited in surveillance and screening protocols.

title: Surface expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins provides a novel method for detecting XXXX at risk for developing @entity420 in @entity355 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of a surgeon at the initial assessment and care of the @entity130 @entity1 has been the focal point of @entity130 center designation. However, for Level I verification, the American College of Surgeons Committee on @entity130 currently does not require the presence of an attending @entity130 surgeon @entity580 ( @entity580 ), provided senior surgical residents are immediately available. Likewise, the state of Missouri does not mandate an @entity580 presence of the attending @entity130 surgeon but requires senior (postgraduate year 4 or 5) level surgical residents to immediately respond, with a 20-minute response time mandated for the attending surgeon if @entity580 or out of the hospital ( @entity2145 ). Nevertheless, some claim that @entity580 coverage by attending surgeons provides better care for seriously injured @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective study assessed @entity1 care parameters over the past 10 years on critically injured @entity1 to detect any difference in outcome whether the surgeon was @entity580 or @entity2145 at the time of the @entity130 team activation (cardiopulmonary instability, Glasgow @entity772 Scale [GCS] score < 9, penetrating @entity130 ). @entity1 were subcategorized into blunt/penetrating, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) on arrival, GCS score < 9, Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15, or ISS > 25. Response was examined from 8 am to 6 pm weekdays ( @entity580 ) or 6 pm to 8 am weekdays and all weekends ( @entity2145 ). @entity1 care parameters examined were mortality, complications, time in the emergency department, time to the operating room, time to computed tomographic scanning, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. RESULTS: For all @entity1 (n = 766), there was no significant difference in any parameters except intensive care unit LOS ( @entity580 , 4.90 +/- 7.96 days; @entity2145 , 3.58 +/- 7.69 days; p < 0.05). For blunt @entity130 (n = 369), emergency department time was shorter (99.71 +/- 88.26 minutes vs. 126.51 +/- 96.68 minutes, p < 0.01) and hospital LOS was shorter (8.04 +/- 1.02 days vs. 11.08 +/- 1.15 days, p < 0.05) for @entity2145 response. For penetrating @entity130 (n = 377), shock (n = 187), GCS score < 9 (n = 248), ISS > 15 (n = 363), and ISS > 25 (n = 230), there were no statistically significant differences in any @entity1 care parameter between @entity580 and @entity2145 response. For those in most need of urgent operation-penetrating injuries and shock-there were no differences in time to operating room or mortality for @entity2145 or @entity580 response. CONCLUSION: As long as initial assessment and care is provided by senior level @entity580 surgical residents and as long as the attending surgeon responds in a defined period of time (if @entity2145 ) to guide critical decision-making, the @entity580 presence of an attending surgeon has not been shown in this retrospective study to improve care of the critically injured @entity1 .

title: The presence of in-house attending XXXX surgeons does not improve management or outcome of critically injured @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'in the hospital']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'truncal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of a surgeon at the initial assessment and care of the @entity130 @entity1 has been the focal point of @entity130 center designation. However, for Level I verification, the American College of Surgeons Committee on @entity130 currently does not require the presence of an attending @entity130 surgeon @entity580 ( @entity580 ), provided senior surgical residents are immediately available. Likewise, the state of Missouri does not mandate an @entity580 presence of the attending @entity130 surgeon but requires senior (postgraduate year 4 or 5) level surgical residents to immediately respond, with a 20-minute response time mandated for the attending surgeon if @entity580 or out of the hospital ( @entity2145 ). Nevertheless, some claim that @entity580 coverage by attending surgeons provides better care for seriously injured @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective study assessed @entity1 care parameters over the past 10 years on critically injured @entity1 to detect any difference in outcome whether the surgeon was @entity580 or @entity2145 at the time of the @entity130 team activation (cardiopulmonary instability, Glasgow @entity772 Scale [GCS] score < 9, penetrating @entity130 ). @entity1 were subcategorized into blunt/penetrating, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) on arrival, GCS score < 9, Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15, or ISS > 25. Response was examined from 8 am to 6 pm weekdays ( @entity580 ) or 6 pm to 8 am weekdays and all weekends ( @entity2145 ). @entity1 care parameters examined were mortality, complications, time in the emergency department, time to the operating room, time to computed tomographic scanning, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. RESULTS: For all @entity1 (n = 766), there was no significant difference in any parameters except intensive care unit LOS ( @entity580 , 4.90 +/- 7.96 days; @entity2145 , 3.58 +/- 7.69 days; p < 0.05). For blunt @entity130 (n = 369), emergency department time was shorter (99.71 +/- 88.26 minutes vs. 126.51 +/- 96.68 minutes, p < 0.01) and hospital LOS was shorter (8.04 +/- 1.02 days vs. 11.08 +/- 1.15 days, p < 0.05) for @entity2145 response. For penetrating @entity130 (n = 377), shock (n = 187), GCS score < 9 (n = 248), ISS > 15 (n = 363), and ISS > 25 (n = 230), there were no statistically significant differences in any @entity1 care parameter between @entity580 and @entity2145 response. For those in most need of urgent operation-penetrating injuries and shock-there were no differences in time to operating room or mortality for @entity2145 or @entity580 response. CONCLUSION: As long as initial assessment and care is provided by senior level @entity580 surgical residents and as long as the attending surgeon responds in a defined period of time (if @entity2145 ) to guide critical decision-making, the @entity580 presence of an attending surgeon has not been shown in this retrospective study to improve care of the critically injured @entity1 .

title: The presence of in-house attending @entity130 surgeons does not improve management or outcome of critically injured XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this multicentric study was to evaluate results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for @entity6342 in terms of postoperative shoulder function, radiological outcome and number of complications. METHODS: A consecutive series of 76 @entity1 with @entity6342 were treated with locking plate using a minimally invasive antero-lateral approach in two orthopaedic departments. Functional results with Constant score and radiographic evaluation were available for 74 @entity1 at one-year follow up. RESULTS: The @entity1 achieved a mean Constant score of 71 (range 28-100). Each functional result was evaluated also for both centres without significant differences. Significant statistical differences were only found for younger @entity1 with better results (p   <   0.05). Twenty @entity1 (27  %) developed complications. @entity5818 occurred in 16.2  % of cases for @entity3192 (6.7  %) and for too proximal plate positioning (9.5  %). Primary screws perforation (2.7  %), secondary perforation due to cut-out (1.4  %), @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ) of humeral head (1.4  %), partial resorption of greater tuberosity (2.7  %), secondary dislocation of the greater tuberosity (2.7  %) and stiffness (2.7  %) were the other complications observed. CONCLUSIONS: The MIPO technique for @entity6342 was safe and reproducible for most common patterns of @entity174 . Major complication rate was apparently low due to a soft tissue sparing, deltoid muscle and circumflex vessels, with easy access of the bar area to correct positioning of the plate.

title: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in XXXX : one-year results of a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3192 :: ('MESH:D060905', 'Disease') :: ['varus malreduction']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['Subacromial impingement']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['AVN', 'avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous functional connectivity studies have found both hypo- and hyper-connectivity in brains of individuals having @entity72 ( @entity72 ). Here we studied @entity75 subnetworks in high-functioning individuals with @entity72 during free viewing of a movie containing social cues and interactions. Twenty-six subjects (13 with @entity72 ) watched a 68-min movie during functional magnetic resonance imaging. For each subject, we computed Pearson's correlation between haemodynamic time-courses of each pair of 6-mm isotropic voxels. From the whole-brain functional networks, we derived individual and group-level subnetworks using graph theory. Scaled inclusivity was then calculated between all subject pairs to estimate intersubject similarity of connectivity structure of each subnetwork. Additional 54 individuals (27 with @entity72 ) from the ABIDE resting-state database were included to test the reproducibility of the results. Between-group differences were observed in the composition of @entity15131 and @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) subnetworks. The @entity1315 subnetwork included amygdala, striatum, thalamus, parahippocampal, fusiform, and inferior temporal gyri. Further, @entity1315 subnetwork similarity between subject pairs correlated significantly with similarity of symptom gravity measured with @entity2438 quotient. This correlation was observed also within the controls, and in the reproducibility dataset with ADI-R and ADOS scores. Our results highlight how the reorganization of functional subnetworks in individuals with @entity72 clarifies the mixture of hypo- and hyper-connectivity findings. Importantly, only the functional organization of the @entity1315 subnetwork emerges as a marker of inter-individual similarities that co-vary with behavioral measures across all @entity1 . These findings suggest a pivotal role of ventro-temporal and limbic systems in @entity2438 . Hum Brain Mapp 37:1066-1079, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Reorganization of functionally connected brain subnetworks in high-functioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in functional brain']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['ventro-temporal-limbic', 'VTL']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['default-mode']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of study were to determine the transmission parameters (b), durations of @entity281 , and basic reproductive numbers (R0) of both @entity5967 and @entity8211 as pathogens causing @entity1271 outbreaks in dairy herds. A 10-mo longitudinal study was performed using 2 smallholder dairy herds with @entity1271 outbreaks caused by Strep. agalactiae and Strep. uberis, respectively. Both herds had poor @entity1271 control management and did not change their milking management during the entire study period. Quarter milk samples were collected at monthly intervals from all lactating animals in each herd for bacteriological identification. The durations of @entity281 for Strep. uberis intramammary @entity281 (IMI) and Strep. agalactiae IMI were examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the Kaplan-Meier survival functions for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were compared using log rank survival-test. The spread of Strep. uberis and Strep. agalactiae through the population was determined by transmission parameter, b, the probability per unit of time that one infectious quarter will infect another quarter, assuming that all other quarters are susceptible. For the Strep. uberis outbreak herd (31 @entity291 ), 56 new infections and 28 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. For the Strep. agalactiae outbreak herd (19 @entity291 ), 26 new infections and 9 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. The duration of @entity281 for Strep. agalactiae (mean = 270.84 d) was significantly longer than the duration of @entity281 for Strep. uberis (mean = 187.88 d). The transmission parameters (b) estimated (including 95% confidence interval) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were 0.0155 (0.0035-0.0693) and 0.0068 (0.0008-0.0606), respectively. The R0 (including 95% confidence interval) during the study were 2.91 (0.63-13.47) and 1.86 (0.21-16.61) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI, respectively. In conclusion, the transmission parameter and R0 values were not different between both pathogens; however, the duration of @entity281 for Strep. agalactiae was longer than Strep. uberis. These suggest that Strep. uberis may have a different transmission dynamic compared with Strep. agalactiae.

title: Comparison of transmission dynamics between XXXX and @entity5967 intramammary infections.

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis']

answer: @entity8211 :: (1349,Species) :: ['Streptococcus uberis']