abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) can arise directly from peritoneum (primary) or from regional spread of gastrointestinal and gynecological @entity5 . It is often considered a terminal event. @entity91 /HIPEC procedure provides encouraging outcomes in select sub-set of @entity1 with @entity298 . In this study we present our initial experience of this combined procedure from a tertiary @entity5 care center in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2014 to January 2015, 13 @entity1 underwent @entity91 + HIPEC procedure at our center. Preoperative assessment for cytoreduction was done using contrast CT-scan of the abdomen and staging laparoscopy. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team. After cytoreduction, HIPEC was performed by closed method. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 52 and median PCI was 13.5 (5-21). @entity43 were commonest origin of @entity298 in our series. All @entity1 had a complete cytoreduction with a median operative time of 8.3 hours. @entity86 was the commonest adverse event. In the immediate postoperative period, major complications were observed in 23% (3/13) of our @entity1 (1. @entity6177 . @entity295 and liver function derangement 3. @entity1744 which required a re-operation. Median hospital stay was 12 days (range 9-45 days) and there was no perioperative mortality. CONCLUSION: Our initial results indicate that @entity91 + HIPEC procedure can be performed with acceptable morbidity and no mortality. Appropriate case selection by a multi-disciplinary team is vital to achieve complete cytoreduction and optimize outcomes.

title: Preliminary Experience and Morbidity Analysis of Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ( XXXX /HIPEC) from a Tertiary @entity5 Center in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Septicemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess 2']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'Peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['CRS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) can arise directly from peritoneum (primary) or from regional spread of gastrointestinal and gynecological @entity5 . It is often considered a terminal event. @entity91 /HIPEC procedure provides encouraging outcomes in select sub-set of @entity1 with @entity298 . In this study we present our initial experience of this combined procedure from a tertiary @entity5 care center in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2014 to January 2015, 13 @entity1 underwent @entity91 + HIPEC procedure at our center. Preoperative assessment for cytoreduction was done using contrast CT-scan of the abdomen and staging laparoscopy. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team. After cytoreduction, HIPEC was performed by closed method. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 52 and median PCI was 13.5 (5-21). @entity43 were commonest origin of @entity298 in our series. All @entity1 had a complete cytoreduction with a median operative time of 8.3 hours. @entity86 was the commonest adverse event. In the immediate postoperative period, major complications were observed in 23% (3/13) of our @entity1 (1. @entity6177 . @entity295 and liver function derangement 3. @entity1744 which required a re-operation. Median hospital stay was 12 days (range 9-45 days) and there was no perioperative mortality. CONCLUSION: Our initial results indicate that @entity91 + HIPEC procedure can be performed with acceptable morbidity and no mortality. Appropriate case selection by a multi-disciplinary team is vital to achieve complete cytoreduction and optimize outcomes.

title: Preliminary Experience and Morbidity Analysis of Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ( @entity91 /HIPEC) from a Tertiary XXXX Center in India.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: To test the activity and @entity137 of new @entity4349 analogs, a series of Phase II disease-oriented studies were performed in @entity1 with @entity0 previously untreated with @entity632 . All drugs were administered every 3 weeks, and the doses in mg/m2 were as follows: @entity632 and @entity1259 75 i.v., @entity29800 35 i.v., @entity8779 13 i.v. and 45 p.o. When @entity1259 was tested vs @entity632 , both response rate (13 of 21 or 62% vs 11 of 21 or 52%) and median response duration (11 months vs 13 months) were comparable. In 24 @entity1 , @entity29800 yielded complete plus partial response in 21% with a median duration of 15 months. In 27 @entity1 given @entity8779 intravenously the response rate was 11% for 4 months and the corresponding findings when the drug was administered orally to 25 @entity1 were 24% for 8 months. Acute @entity137 manifestations were lower following treatment with all three analogs compared to @entity632 . @entity1370 , as documented by echocardiography, systolic time interval and left ventricular ejection fraction was virtually absent following therapy with @entity1259 and @entity8779 . After a median cumulative dose of 600 mg/m2 for @entity632 -treated @entity1 there was a significant fall in LVEF compared to basal values. Similar findings were observed after a median cumulative dose of 210 mg/m2 for @entity29800 . We conclude that @entity1259 is as effective as @entity632 but comparatively less @entity137 when administered at the same dose schedule. At the doses and schedules utilized in this study, @entity29800 and @entity8779 resulted less active in @entity0 .

title: New @entity4349 analogs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity29800 :: ('MESH:C030851', 'Chemical') :: ['esorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: To test the activity and @entity137 of new @entity4349 analogs, a series of Phase II disease-oriented studies were performed in @entity1 with @entity0 previously untreated with @entity632 . All drugs were administered every 3 weeks, and the doses in mg/m2 were as follows: @entity632 and @entity1259 75 i.v., @entity29800 35 i.v., @entity8779 13 i.v. and 45 p.o. When @entity1259 was tested vs @entity632 , both response rate (13 of 21 or 62% vs 11 of 21 or 52%) and median response duration (11 months vs 13 months) were comparable. In 24 @entity1 , @entity29800 yielded complete plus partial response in 21% with a median duration of 15 months. In 27 @entity1 given @entity8779 intravenously the response rate was 11% for 4 months and the corresponding findings when the drug was administered orally to 25 @entity1 were 24% for 8 months. Acute @entity137 manifestations were lower following treatment with all three analogs compared to @entity632 . @entity1370 , as documented by echocardiography, systolic time interval and left ventricular ejection fraction was virtually absent following therapy with @entity1259 and @entity8779 . After a median cumulative dose of 600 mg/m2 for @entity632 -treated @entity1 there was a significant fall in LVEF compared to basal values. Similar findings were observed after a median cumulative dose of 210 mg/m2 for @entity29800 . We conclude that @entity1259 is as effective as @entity632 but comparatively less @entity137 when administered at the same dose schedule. At the doses and schedules utilized in this study, @entity29800 and @entity8779 resulted less active in @entity0 .

title: New XXXX analogs in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Two cases of @entity5 are presented. Their diagnoses and management are discussed and contrasted. METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: @entity1 1 is a 58year old male presenting with five years of progressive @entity1353 , @entity1282 , and globus sensation. Clinical exam and imaging study showed a 3.5cm hypodense laryngeal mass, and he underwent transoral robotic-assisted surgery for complete excision. Final pathology revealed @entity3271 . @entity1 2 is a 79year old female presenting with one year of non-progressive @entity1109 . Clinical examination and imaging study revealed a 1.8cm hypodense laryngeal mass. Transoral endoscopic complete excision of the submucosal mass was performed. Final pathology revealed @entity362 . CONCLUSION: @entity1821 and @entity362 may present with similar symptomatology, clinical, and imaging findings. Pathology evaluation is of utmost importance for definitive diagnosis. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of @entity75 are best accomplished with complete excision of the mass.

title: @entity362 and XXXX : case reports and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal lipomatous tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'benign spindle-cell lipoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal lipomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness and globus sensation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['a well-differentiated liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['liposarcoma of the larynx']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Two cases of @entity5 are presented. Their diagnoses and management are discussed and contrasted. METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: @entity1 1 is a 58year old male presenting with five years of progressive @entity1353 , @entity1282 , and globus sensation. Clinical exam and imaging study showed a 3.5cm hypodense laryngeal mass, and he underwent transoral robotic-assisted surgery for complete excision. Final pathology revealed @entity3271 . @entity1 2 is a 79year old female presenting with one year of non-progressive @entity1109 . Clinical examination and imaging study revealed a 1.8cm hypodense laryngeal mass. Transoral endoscopic complete excision of the submucosal mass was performed. Final pathology revealed @entity362 . CONCLUSION: @entity1821 and @entity362 may present with similar symptomatology, clinical, and imaging findings. Pathology evaluation is of utmost importance for definitive diagnosis. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of @entity75 are best accomplished with complete excision of the mass.

title: XXXX and @entity1821 : case reports and literature review.

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Lipoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiating between malignant and benign biliary lesions is critical in clinical practice but is difficult. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy on indeterminate biliary lesions. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. @entity1 : @entity1 with indeterminate biliary lesions or equivocal ERCP findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The diagnostic performance of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy on  indeterminate biliary lesions. The area under the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve was used as the main indicator for the overall diagnostic performance of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy visual  impression (VI) and SpyBite biopsy (SB). The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were also synthesized. RESULTS: A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 335 @entity1 who had data on VI and 337 who had  data on SB. The area under the curve values on the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy VI and SB were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-0.96) and 0.93 (95% CI,  0.90-0.95) respectively. The combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 90% (95% CI, 73%-97%), 87% (95% CI, 76%-94%), 7.1 (95% CI, 3.8-13.3), 0.12 (95% CI, 0.04-0.33) for VI  and 69% (95% CI, 57%-79%), 98% (95% CI, 92%-99%), 30.1 (95% CI, 8.5-106.9), and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.23-0.44) for  SB, respectively. LIMITATIONS: Small number of included studies; comparison with ERCP could not be made. CONCLUSION: Single-operator peroral cholangioscopy is a good tool for differentiating @entity253 . VI is useful for detecting malignant lesion, whereas SB is better at confirming a malignant diagnosis, but VI is not perfect in excluding @entity5 , nor is SB, and their negative results should be interpreted with caution.

title: Is single-operator peroral cholangioscopy a useful tool for the diagnosis of indeterminate XXXX ? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign  biliary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cancer']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary lesion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between @entity409 caused by cranial nerve seven (CN VII) palsy. METHODS: A prospective case series of 60 consecutive @entity1 with unilateral @entity912 was evaluated for @entity409 . According to the House-Brackmann scale, @entity1 were divided into complete or incomplete blinking group, with the incomplete group further subdivided to early, middle or late stage according to the @entity912 duration. Schirmer's I test, tear break-up time (BUT), @entity2372 , @entity3066 , ability and quality of meibum expression were evaluated. Unaffected contralateral eyes were used as control for comparison. RESULTS: A paired sample t-test between affected and unaffected eyes demonstrated a significant difference for BUT, @entity2372 , @entity3066 , ability and quality of meibum expression in the incomplete blinking group. However, only BUT showed significant difference between affected and unaffected eyes in complete blinking group. Furthermore, we showed that @entity912 duration was related to the incidence of @entity409 . Significant difference was demonstrated between the affected and unaffected eyes for @entity2372 , @entity3066 , ability and quality of meibum expression in the middle and late stage, but not early stage. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the inability to blink completely induced by @entity912 for more than one week might contribute to the development of @entity409 . Clinical optimization of blinking may ameliorate @entity409 symptom and benefit @entity912 @entity1 .

title: Incomplete Blinking May Attribute to the Development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['superficial punctate keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and incomplete blinking']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid abnormality']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis', 'CN VII palsy']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Meibomian Gland Dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Approximately 20% to 30% of @entity1 with @entity12697 ( @entity12697 ) have asymmetric @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). The role of surgical myectomy in such @entity1 is unknown. We sought to compare clinical features and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity12697 and LVOTO with age- and gender-matched @entity1 with nonsyndromic, obstructive @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) after myectomy. Two cohorts were selected and retrospectively analyzed using Mayo Clinic databases from 1996 to 2014. Subjects included @entity1 with @entity12697 with @entity4346 and LVOTO and nonsyndromic controls with obstructive @entity1121 . Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity12697 and @entity4346 were identified, of whom 12 (8 males) underwent myectomy (10 septal and 2 combined septal/apical) for severe LVOTO (10 pediatric and 2 adults; 13    10  year old [range 1 to 39]). Similar echocardiographic improvements were noted in both groups. There were no perioperative @entity204 . Residual gradients were slightly higher in @entity1 with @entity12697 . No improvement was noted in left atrial volume after myectomy in @entity1 with @entity12697 . At early follow-up, the majority showed improvement in the New York Heart Association class (88% in @entity12697 vs 82% in @entity1121 , median of 6 and 2  months, respectively). At late follow-up (median of 7  years), the survival rate was 92% in @entity12697 and 100% in @entity1121 . In @entity1 with @entity12697 with @entity4346 and symptomatic LVOTO, myectomy reduces both gradient and the New York Heart Association class, similar to @entity1 with @entity1121 . Residual gradients were slightly higher, and left @entity384 persisted in @entity1 with @entity12697 . In conclusion, myectomy should be considered in @entity1 older than 1 year with @entity12697 and symptomatic LVOTO.

title: Surgical Ventricular Septal Myectomy for XXXX With Noonan Syndrome and Symptomatic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilation']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic obstructive HC', 'HC', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity12697 :: ('MESH:D009634', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'Noonan syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The changing landscape of health care as a result of the @entity1 Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) may provide new opportunities for @entity283 ( @entity283 ). The purpose of this study was to survey @entity283 in the United States on their knowledge and attitudes of the ACA and assess their perceptions of job growth under the law. A random sample of 220 (36% response rate) certified @entity283 completed a 53-item cross sectional survey administered online through Qualtrics. Findings were compared to public opinion on health care reform. @entity283 are highly favorable of the law (70%) compared to the general public (23%). A total of 85% of respondents were able to list a provision of the ACA, and most (81%) thought the ACA would be successful at increasing insured Americans. Over half (64.6%) believe job opportunities will increase. Those who viewed the law favorably were significantly more likely to score better on a knowledge scale related to the ACA. @entity283 understand publicized provisions but are uncertain about common myths and specific provisions related to Title IV, "Prevention of @entity102 and Improving Public Health." Directed and continuing education to @entity283 regarding the ACA is warranted.

title: Health Education Specialists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of the XXXX Protection and Affordable Care Act.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Disease']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health education specialists', 'HES']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sudden unexplained @entity204 in @entity1 is a tragic and traumatic event, often worsened when the cause of @entity204 cannot be determined. This work aimed to investigate the presence of putative pathogenic genetic variants in a broad spectrum of @entity296 , @entity13192 and @entity2333 associated genes that may have increased these @entity1 's vulnerability to @entity1164 . DESIGN: We performed molecular autopsy of 41 cases of sudden unexplained @entity204 in @entity1 and @entity1 through massive parallel sequencing of up to 86 @entity1164 -related genes. Multiple in silico analyses were conducted together with a thorough review of the literature in order to prioritise the putative pathogenic variants. RESULTS: A total of 63 variants in 35 cases were validated. The largest proportion of these variants is located within @entity296 genes although this would have been more expected of @entity13192 gene variants. Subtle microscopic features of heart tissue may indicate the presence of an early onset @entity296 as a predisposing condition to sudden unexpected @entity204 in some individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Next-generation sequencing technologies reveal the existence of a wide spectrum of rare and novel genetic variants in sarcomere genes, compared with that of cardiac ion channels, in sudden unexplained @entity204 in @entity1 and @entity1 . Our findings encourage further investigation of the role of early onset @entity296 and other diseases involving @entity296 in these deaths. Early detection of variants in these individuals could help to unmask subtle forms of disease within their relatives, who would eventually benefit from better counselling about their genetic history.

title: Broad-based molecular autopsy: a potential tool to investigate the involvement of subtle cardiac conditions in sudden unexpected XXXX in infancy and early childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'inherited cardiomyopathies', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity13192 :: ('MESH:D053447', 'Disease') :: ['channelopathy']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 affecting the aorta are a common condition associated with high mortality as a result of aortic dissection or @entity397 . Investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in syndromic types of @entity2334 , such as Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes, have revealed an important contribution of disturbed transforming growth factor (TGF)-b signaling. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to discover a novel gene causing @entity449 in order to unravel the underlying pathogenesis. METHODS: We combined genome-wide linkage analysis, exome sequencing, and candidate gene Sanger sequencing in a total of 470 index cases with @entity2334 . Extensive cardiological examination, including physical examination, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. In adults, imaging of the entire aorta using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was done. RESULTS: Here, we report on 43 @entity1 from 11 families with syndromic presentations of @entity449 caused by @entity1934 mutations. We demonstrate that @entity1934 mutations are associated with significant @entity65 , including @entity2334 , and @entity339 . Other systemic features overlap clinically with Loeys-Dietz, Shprintzen-Goldberg, and @entity1614 , including @entity2419 , @entity36618 , skeletal overgrowth, cervical spine instability and @entity85 . In line with previous observations in aortic wall tissues of @entity1 with mutations in effectors of @entity2533 signaling ( @entity19844 , @entity7379 , and @entity6474 ), we confirm a paradoxical up-regulation of both canonical and noncanonical @entity2533 signaling in association with up-regulation of the expression of @entity2533 ligands. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the broad clinical variability associated with @entity1934 mutations and highlight  the  importance of early recognition of the disease because of high cardiovascular risk.

title: Mutations in a @entity2533 Ligand, @entity1934 , Cause  XXXX and  Dissections.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic aortic aneurysms', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic/abdominal aortic aneurysm and dissection', 'thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity36618 :: ('MESH:C531732', 'Disease') :: ['bifid uvula']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['clubfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular involvement']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['Syndromic Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 affecting the aorta are a common condition associated with high mortality as a result of aortic dissection or @entity397 . Investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in syndromic types of @entity2334 , such as Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes, have revealed an important contribution of disturbed transforming growth factor (TGF)-b signaling. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to discover a novel gene causing @entity449 in order to unravel the underlying pathogenesis. METHODS: We combined genome-wide linkage analysis, exome sequencing, and candidate gene Sanger sequencing in a total of 470 index cases with @entity2334 . Extensive cardiological examination, including physical examination, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. In adults, imaging of the entire aorta using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was done. RESULTS: Here, we report on 43 @entity1 from 11 families with syndromic presentations of @entity449 caused by @entity1934 mutations. We demonstrate that @entity1934 mutations are associated with significant @entity65 , including @entity2334 , and @entity339 . Other systemic features overlap clinically with Loeys-Dietz, Shprintzen-Goldberg, and @entity1614 , including @entity2419 , @entity36618 , skeletal overgrowth, cervical spine instability and @entity85 . In line with previous observations in aortic wall tissues of @entity1 with mutations in effectors of @entity2533 signaling ( @entity19844 , @entity7379 , and @entity6474 ), we confirm a paradoxical up-regulation of both canonical and noncanonical @entity2533 signaling in association with up-regulation of the expression of @entity2533 ligands. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the broad clinical variability associated with @entity1934 mutations and highlight  the  importance of early recognition of the disease because of high cardiovascular risk.

title: Mutations in a XXXX Ligand, @entity1934 , Cause  @entity449 and  Dissections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 affecting the aorta are a common condition associated with high mortality as a result of aortic dissection or @entity397 . Investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in syndromic types of @entity2334 , such as Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes, have revealed an important contribution of disturbed transforming growth factor (TGF)-b signaling. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to discover a novel gene causing @entity449 in order to unravel the underlying pathogenesis. METHODS: We combined genome-wide linkage analysis, exome sequencing, and candidate gene Sanger sequencing in a total of 470 index cases with @entity2334 . Extensive cardiological examination, including physical examination, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. In adults, imaging of the entire aorta using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was done. RESULTS: Here, we report on 43 @entity1 from 11 families with syndromic presentations of @entity449 caused by @entity1934 mutations. We demonstrate that @entity1934 mutations are associated with significant @entity65 , including @entity2334 , and @entity339 . Other systemic features overlap clinically with Loeys-Dietz, Shprintzen-Goldberg, and @entity1614 , including @entity2419 , @entity36618 , skeletal overgrowth, cervical spine instability and @entity85 . In line with previous observations in aortic wall tissues of @entity1 with mutations in effectors of @entity2533 signaling ( @entity19844 , @entity7379 , and @entity6474 ), we confirm a paradoxical up-regulation of both canonical and noncanonical @entity2533 signaling in association with up-regulation of the expression of @entity2533 ligands. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the broad clinical variability associated with @entity1934 mutations and highlight  the  importance of early recognition of the disease because of high cardiovascular risk.

title: Mutations in a @entity2533 Ligand, XXXX , Cause  @entity449 and  Dissections.

answer: @entity1934 :: (7043,Gene) :: ['TGFB3']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of posterior @entity24148 resection and short segment fusion with segmental pedicle screw fixation in @entity1635 in @entity1 younger than 10 years. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This is the first long-term follow-up on surgical outcomes of posterior @entity24148 resection and short segment fusion using segmental pedicle screw fixation in @entity1 younger than 10 years with @entity1635 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1635 (n = 18) younger than 10 years at the time of the surgery were treated by posterior @entity24148 resection and bilateral pedicle screw fixation. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.6 years (range, 2.6-9.8 yr). They were retrospectively studied with a mean follow-up of 11.4 years (range, 7.1-17.3 yr). RESULTS: The mean Cobb angle of the main curve was 34.4   before surgery, 8.6   after surgery, and 12.9   at last follow-up. In the compensatory cranial curve, the preoperative Cobb angle of 14.5   was corrected to 5.9   postoperatively and was 8.4   at last follow-up. In the compensatory caudal curve, the preoperative Cobb angle of 17.4   improved to 4   postoperatively and 6.6   at last follow-up. There were no crankshaft phenomena and no clinical and radiographical features suggestive of @entity612 during follow-up. There were no major @entity16 related to the pedicle screws. CONCLUSION: Posterior @entity24148 resection after pedicle screw fixation in @entity1635 is a safe and effective procedure that can achieve rigid fixation and deformity correction and restore spinal balance. This study showed that early posterior @entity24148 resection of @entity1635 before structural changes occur above or below can reduce fusion length, prevent curve progression, and effectively achieve a more satisfactory correction without hazardous iatrogenic @entity612 , crankshaft phenomena, or @entity16 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Posterior Hemivertebra Resection and Short Segment Fusion With Pedicle Screw Fixation for XXXX in @entity1 Younger Than 10 Years: Greater Than 7-Year Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications', 'vascular or neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity24148 :: ('MESH:C535881', 'Disease') :: ['hemivertebra']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Congenital Scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of posterior @entity24148 resection and short segment fusion with segmental pedicle screw fixation in @entity1635 in @entity1 younger than 10 years. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This is the first long-term follow-up on surgical outcomes of posterior @entity24148 resection and short segment fusion using segmental pedicle screw fixation in @entity1 younger than 10 years with @entity1635 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1635 (n = 18) younger than 10 years at the time of the surgery were treated by posterior @entity24148 resection and bilateral pedicle screw fixation. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.6 years (range, 2.6-9.8 yr). They were retrospectively studied with a mean follow-up of 11.4 years (range, 7.1-17.3 yr). RESULTS: The mean Cobb angle of the main curve was 34.4   before surgery, 8.6   after surgery, and 12.9   at last follow-up. In the compensatory cranial curve, the preoperative Cobb angle of 14.5   was corrected to 5.9   postoperatively and was 8.4   at last follow-up. In the compensatory caudal curve, the preoperative Cobb angle of 17.4   improved to 4   postoperatively and 6.6   at last follow-up. There were no crankshaft phenomena and no clinical and radiographical features suggestive of @entity612 during follow-up. There were no major @entity16 related to the pedicle screws. CONCLUSION: Posterior @entity24148 resection after pedicle screw fixation in @entity1635 is a safe and effective procedure that can achieve rigid fixation and deformity correction and restore spinal balance. This study showed that early posterior @entity24148 resection of @entity1635 before structural changes occur above or below can reduce fusion length, prevent curve progression, and effectively achieve a more satisfactory correction without hazardous iatrogenic @entity612 , crankshaft phenomena, or @entity16 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Posterior Hemivertebra Resection and Short Segment Fusion With Pedicle Screw Fixation for @entity1635 in XXXX Younger Than 10 Years: Greater Than 7-Year Follow-up.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 ( @entity221 ) uses heat generated by magnetic nanoparticles exposed to alternating magnetic fields to cause a temperature increase in @entity5 to the @entity221 range (43-47   C), inducing @entity5 cell death. As with all @entity5 , one of the most significant challenges with @entity221 is achieving high nanoparticle accumulation at the @entity5 site. This motivates development of synthesis strategies that maximize the rate of energy dissipation of @entity1933 magnetic nanoparticles, preferable due to their intrinsic biocompatibility. This has led to development of synthesis strategies that, although attractive from the point of view of chemical elegance, may not be suitable for scale-up to quantities necessary for clinical use. On the other hand, to date the aqueous co-precipitation synthesis, which readily yields gram quantities of nanoparticles, has only been reported to yield sufficiently high specific absorption rates after laborious size selective fractionation. This work focuses on improvements to the aqueous co-precipitation of @entity1933 nanoparticles to increase the specific absorption rate (SAR), by optimizing synthesis conditions and the subsequent peptization step. Heating efficiencies up to 1,048 W/gFe (36.5 kA/m, 341 kHz; @entity34210 .3 nH  m(2)  kg(-1)) were obtained, which represent one of the highest values reported for @entity1933 particles synthesized by co-precipitation without size-selective fractionation. Furthermore, particles reached SAR values of up to 719 W/gFe (36.5 kA/m, 341 kHz; @entity9846 .6 nH  m(2)  kg(-1)) when in a solid matrix, demonstrating they were capable of significant rates of energy dissipation even when restricted from physical rotation. Reduction in energy dissipation rate due to immobilization has been identified as an obstacle to clinical translation of @entity221 . Hence, particles obtained with the conditions reported here have great potential for application in nanoscale thermal @entity5 therapy.

title: Optimization of synthesis and peptization steps to obtain XXXX nanoparticles with high energy dissipation rates.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'apoptotic cancer', 'cancer', 'cancer nanomedicines', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia', 'MFH']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1181 presents as small circumscribed ivory-like lumps on the skull vault. Although not rare, its diagnosis can be challenging for dermatologists. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the clinical characteristics of @entity1181 by reviewing 10 cases. METHODS: Ten @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1181 at the Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, between January 2011 and August 2014 were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics including sex, age, sites, number of lesions, symptoms, duration, histopathological finding, radiological findings, and treatment. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with an asymptomatic small circumscribed hard lump fixed to a bony structure. There were 9 female and 1 male @entity1 , and the mean age was 54 years (range, 28~61 years). The most common site was the forehead, and disease duration ranged from 2 weeks to more than 20 years. The differential diagnosis included @entity129 , @entity661 , @entity362 . Simple radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) were used to make a confirmative diagnosis. Histopathological findings showed lamellated bony structures with poor vascularization. Ostectomy was performed for 5 @entity1 , and no recurrence was detected within an average of 13.4 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: This review characterized @entity1181 . Surgical excision is a useful therapeutic modality after CT-based diagnosis. Further studies with more @entity1 are required to confirm the findings.

title: XXXX : A Review of Ten Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial exostosis']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal cyst, and lipoma']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['ballooned osteoma']

entities_list: @entity1181 :: ('MESH:D010016', 'Disease') :: ['Button osteoma', 'button osteoma']

answer: @entity1181 :: (MESH:D010016,Disease) :: ['Button Osteoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To address the question of how much chest-wall (CW) resections and prosthetic reconstructions influence functional outcome. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 175 @entity1 who underwent surgery for CW @entity5 . The clinical, histological, surgical, oncological, and functional factors were analyzed. RESULTS: We performed: 75 rib resections; 20 sternal resections; 15 combined resections; and 27 lung resections. In 39 cases (22.2%) CW was stabilized with non-rigid prosthesis (Vicryl-mesh: 8 @entity1 ; Goretex-mesh: 31 @entity1 ). @entity260 occurred in 22 cases (12.6%): a correlation with lung resection was evidenced by multivariate analysis (P = 0.025). Five-year survival for primary and secondary @entity5 was 50% and 36%, respectively: multivariate analysis (P = 0.048) showed a worse survival in @entity1 only. In the prosthesis subset, pulmonary function tested as percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (%FEV1) (pre: 87.1    18.9%; post: 82.3    23.0%, P = ns), percentage of forced vital capacity (pre: 94.1    19.3%; post: 82.0    21.6%, P = ns), diffusing capacity of the lungs for @entity1223 (pre: 15.7    7.4; post: 12.1    4.1, P = ns) and paO2 (pre: 82.6    10.9   mmHg; post: 83.9    7.3   mmHg, P = ns) was slightly modified from pre to postoperative. Interestingly, the decline of FEV1% was lower in the prosthesis-subset (4.1    15.9%) compared with the subgroup who did not undergo prosthetic stabilization (17.5    16.2%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = ns). CONCLUSION: Because of the low decrease of lung parameters, CW prosthetic reconstruction could be helpful for avoiding postoperative worsening of functional outcome, mostly in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity358 .

title: XXXX and prosthetic reconstruction: A comparative analysis on functional outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Chest wall tumors']


abstract: Modern warfare has caused a large number of severe @entity130 , many of which become infected. In more recent conflicts, a pattern of @entity325 with @entity3064 and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 has emerged. We attempted to recreate this pattern in an animal model to evaluate the role of vascularity in contaminated @entity4422 . Historically, it has been observed that infected bones frequently appear hypovascular, but vascularity in association with @entity79 has not been examined in animal models. Adult @entity35 underwent femur @entity174 and @entity121 followed by stabilization and bacterial contamination with A. baumannii complex and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Vascularity and perfusion were assessed by microCT angiography and SPECT scanning, respectively, at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after injury. Quantitative bacterial cultures were also obtained. Multi-bacterial @entity281 were successfully created, with @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 predominating. There was overall increase in blood flow to injured limbs that was markedly greater in bacteria-inoculated limbs. Vessel volume was greater in the infected group. @entity2057 was seen in both groups, but was greater in the infected group. In this animal model, @entity4422 had greater perfusion and vascularity than non-infected limbs.

title: XXXX and @entity130 : a murine model.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['infected open fractures', 'open fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Quadriceps atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle crush injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extremity injuries']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['Contaminated open fracture']


abstract: Modern warfare has caused a large number of severe @entity130 , many of which become infected. In more recent conflicts, a pattern of @entity325 with @entity3064 and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 has emerged. We attempted to recreate this pattern in an animal model to evaluate the role of vascularity in contaminated @entity4422 . Historically, it has been observed that infected bones frequently appear hypovascular, but vascularity in association with @entity79 has not been examined in animal models. Adult @entity35 underwent femur @entity174 and @entity121 followed by stabilization and bacterial contamination with A. baumannii complex and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Vascularity and perfusion were assessed by microCT angiography and SPECT scanning, respectively, at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after injury. Quantitative bacterial cultures were also obtained. Multi-bacterial @entity281 were successfully created, with @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 predominating. There was overall increase in blood flow to injured limbs that was markedly greater in bacteria-inoculated limbs. Vessel volume was greater in the infected group. @entity2057 was seen in both groups, but was greater in the infected group. In this animal model, @entity4422 had greater perfusion and vascularity than non-infected limbs.

title: @entity4422 and XXXX : a murine model.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['crush injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar spinal stenosis is a @entity158 and debilitating condition resulting in healthcare costs totaling tens of billions of dollars annually. Initial treatment consists of conservative care modalities such as physical therapy, NSAIDs, opioids, and @entity479 injections. @entity1 refractory to these therapies can undergo decompressive surgery, which has good long-term efficacy but is more traumatic and can be associated with high post-operative adverse event (AE) rates. Interspinous spacers have been developed to offer a less-invasive alternative. The objective of this study was to compare the costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained of conservative care (CC) and decompressive surgery (DS) to a new minimally-invasive interspinous spacer. METHODS: A Markov model was developed evaluating 3 strategies of care for @entity2649 . If initial therapies failed, the model moved @entity1 to more invasive therapies. Data from the Superion FDA clinical trial, a prospective spinal registry, and the literature were used to populate the model. Direct medical care costs were modeled from 2014 Medicare reimbursements for healthcare services. QALYs came from the SF-12 PCS and @entity8848 components. The analysis used a 2-year time horizon with a 3% discount rate. RESULTS: CC had the lowest cost at  10,540, while Spacers and DS were nearly identical at about  13,950. CC also had the lowest QALY increase (0.06), while Spacers and DS were again nearly identical (.28). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) for Spacers compared to CC was  16,300 and for DS was  15,200. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Spacer and DS strategies are far below the commonly cited  50,000/QALY threshold and produced several times the QALY increase versus CC, suggesting that surgical care provides superior value (cost / effectiveness) versus sustained conservative care in the treatment of @entity2649 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of three treatment strategies for XXXX : Conservative care, laminectomy, and the Superion interspinous spacer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: Object. This retrospective review was conducted to determine the surgical treatment principle for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 with @entity8432 ( @entity8432 ). Methods. Thirteen @entity1 with @entity8432 , including 5 @entity309 @entity1 , received preoperative computed tomography- (CT-) based @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) in C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screw-rod system fixation (LC1-PC2 fixation). These 13 @entity1 were analyzed for 52 screws inserted into C1 and C2. We defined these @entity1 as non- @entity309 group (8 @entity1 , 32 screws) and @entity309 group (5 @entity1 , 20 screws). The neurological status for @entity309 group was evaluated using the Ranawat classification. The causes of @entity8432 , surgical indications, complications, surgical method revolution, and CT-based navigation application are discussed. Results. None of the 13 @entity1 expressed neurological function deterioration. The non- @entity309 group screw accuracy was 100%. In the @entity309 group, 1 @entity309 @entity1 developed left C2 screw loosening at 1(+) months after operation due to screw malposition. The screw accuracy for this group was 95%. Conclusions. Higher intraoperative surgical complication rate was described in @entity309 @entity1 . Preoperative CT-based @entity2996 in LC1-PC2 fixation can provide good neurological function and screw accuracy results. However, for higher screw accuracy in @entity309 @entity1 , intraoperative CT-based @entity2996 application may be considered.

title: The Surgical Treatment Principles of @entity8432 Focusing on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8432 :: ('MESH:C563472', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial instability', 'AAI']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['IGS', 'image-guided navigation system']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: Object. This retrospective review was conducted to determine the surgical treatment principle for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 with @entity8432 ( @entity8432 ). Methods. Thirteen @entity1 with @entity8432 , including 5 @entity309 @entity1 , received preoperative computed tomography- (CT-) based @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) in C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screw-rod system fixation (LC1-PC2 fixation). These 13 @entity1 were analyzed for 52 screws inserted into C1 and C2. We defined these @entity1 as non- @entity309 group (8 @entity1 , 32 screws) and @entity309 group (5 @entity1 , 20 screws). The neurological status for @entity309 group was evaluated using the Ranawat classification. The causes of @entity8432 , surgical indications, complications, surgical method revolution, and CT-based navigation application are discussed. Results. None of the 13 @entity1 expressed neurological function deterioration. The non- @entity309 group screw accuracy was 100%. In the @entity309 group, 1 @entity309 @entity1 developed left C2 screw loosening at 1(+) months after operation due to screw malposition. The screw accuracy for this group was 95%. Conclusions. Higher intraoperative surgical complication rate was described in @entity309 @entity1 . Preoperative CT-based @entity2996 in LC1-PC2 fixation can provide good neurological function and screw accuracy results. However, for higher screw accuracy in @entity309 @entity1 , intraoperative CT-based @entity2996 application may be considered.

title: The Surgical Treatment Principles of XXXX Focusing on @entity309 .

answer: @entity8432 :: (MESH:C563472,Disease) :: ['Atlantoaxial Instability']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Genes that regulate the @entity5733 metabolism pathways are potential targets for research in the antidepressant treatment response. This study was intended to determine whether antidepressant responses to selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with genetic polymorphisms of the @entity4149 or @entity6635 gene in Chinese @entity308 ( @entity308 ) @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 290 @entity308 @entity1 were recruited and received a 6-week SSRIs randomized double-blinded treatment. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies were compared between responders and nonresponders in @entity5733 genes. RESULTS: Genotype frequency of the @entity38257 polymorphism in the @entity4131 gene was significantly different between responders and nonresponders after false discovery rate correction (P   =   0.042). The frequency of the @entity4131 @entity38257 CG genotype was significantly higher (P   =   0.003) in responders (51.4%) than in nonresponders (35.8%), and @entity1 with the CG genotype showed an 81.7% response rate. In comparison, the response rates were 73.9% and 52.2% in @entity1 with the GG genotype and the CC genotype, respectively. The frequencies of the @entity4131 @entity38257 CC and GG genotypes were significantly lower (P   =   0.003) in responders (7.7%, 40.9%) than in the nonresponders (19.4%, 44.8%). No significant difference was found between two groups either in genotype or allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TPH, @entity42268 , @entity7712 , or @entity1633 genes. No significant difference was found between two groups in TPH, @entity42268 , @entity7712 , @entity1633 , orDRD4 gene haplotypes. DISCUSSION: Polymorphisms of the @entity4131 gene appear to be associated with SSRI treatment response in Chinese @entity308 @entity1 .

title: XXXX pathway polymorphisms and antidepressant response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity5733 :: (D002395,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity647 ( @entity647 ) is known to be associated with the emergence of inspiratory crackles and enhanced transmission of artificial sounds from the airway opening to the chest wall. Recently, we described the effect of @entity647 on the basic flow-induced breath sounds, separated from the crackles. In this study, we investigated the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on these noncrackling basic lung sounds augmented during @entity647 . METHODS: Lung sounds were recorded in six anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated @entity1707 at three locations bilaterally on the chest wall. Recordings were obtained before and after induction of @entity651 with @entity3952 and during application of incremental positive end-expiratory pressure. RESULTS: @entity3952 injections caused severe @entity3126 predominately in the dependent-lung regions. Inspiratory spectral power of breath sounds increased in all lung regions over a frequency band from 150 to 1,200 Hz, with further power augmentation in @entity358 at higher frequencies. Incremental positive end-expiratory pressure reversed the spectral power augmentation seen with @entity647 , reducing it to pre-injury levels with PEEP of 10 and 15 cmH2O in all lung regions at all frequencies. The application of positive end-expiratory pressure to normal lungs attenuated spectral power slightly and only over a band from 150 to 1,200 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm a gravity-related spectral amplitude increase of basic flow-induced breath sounds recorded over lung regions affected by permeability-type @entity3126 and show that such changes are reversible by alveolar recruitment with PEEP.

title: Effect of PEEP on breath sound power spectra in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid', 'Oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['dependent-lung areas']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['ALI', 'Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the effect of physical activity on the physical and psychosocial symptoms of @entity2 survivors. METHODS: A longitudinal design was used in this study. @entity1 were recruited from the chest and surgical departments of medical centers in Taiwan. The instruments used were the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and the Taiwanese version of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. RESULTS: In total, 185 survivors were followed up for 6  months (response rate 66  %). Disturbed sleep was the most prevalent symptom in the @entity1 . A generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was employed to analyze the relationships among intensity of physical activity, symptom severity, and symptom interference in the daily life of the @entity1 . Regarding symptom severity, significant differences were observed in @entity1295 , drowsiness, and disturbed sleep between the @entity1 who engaged in moderate physical activity and those who did not engage in any physical activity. Regarding symptom interference, the @entity1 who engaged in light physical activity experienced a significantly lower level of symptom interference than did those with a sedentary lifestyle. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to explore the role of physical activity in alleviating symptoms in @entity2 survivors by using the GEE method. The results suggest that physical activity plays an essential role in alleviating the physical and @entity2 survivors.

title: Longitudinal study on the impact of physical activity on the symptoms of XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'psychological symptoms of lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mosquitoes spread lethal diseases like @entity311 and @entity779 to @entity1 . Considering mosquito vector control as one of the best alternatives to reduce new infections, here we have analyzed the effect of purified pigment prodigiosin extracted from @entity5134 (NMCC 75) against larval and pupal stages of @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Mosquito larvicidal activities of purified prodigiosin revealed LC50 values of 14        1.2, 15.6        1.48, 18        1.3, 21        0.87     g/ml against early IInd, IIIrd, IVth instar and pupal stages of Ae.  aegypti, respectively. LC50 values for An.  stephensi were found to be 19.7        1.12, 24.7        1.47, 26.6        1.67, 32.2        1.79     g/ml against early IInd, IIIrd, IVth instar and pupae of An.  stephensi, respectively. Further investigations toward understanding modes of action revealed variations in the activities of esterases, @entity934 esterases, phosphatases, proteases and total proteins in the fourth instar larvae of Ae.  aegypti indicating intrinsic difference in biochemical features due to @entity38832 treatment. Although there was no inhibition of enzymes like catalase and oxidase but may have profound inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or @entity8108 -V-ATPase which is indicated by change in the pH of midgut and caeca of mosquito larvae. This reduced pH may be possibly due to the proton pump inhibitory activity of prodigiosin. Pure prodigiosin can prove to be an important molecule for mosquito control at larval and pupal stages of Ae.  aegypti and An.  stephensi. This is the first report on the mosquito pupaecidal activity of prodigiosin and its possible mechanism of action.

title: Mosquito larvicidal and pupaecidal potential of prodigiosin from XXXX and understanding its mechanism of action.

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity38832 :: ('MESH:D011353', 'Chemical') :: ['prodigiosin']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity5134 :: (615,Species) :: ['Serratia marcescens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative frozen section analysis of the surgical margins during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for @entity0 can reliably achieve clear surgical margins and prevent re-operations. The aim of this study was to assess intraoperative entire-circumferential frozen section analysis (IEFSA) of the lumpectomy margins during BCS. METHODS: A total of 1029 @entity1 who underwent BCS with IEFSA between June 2007 and July 2013 were available for assessment. The inner surfaces of the shaved lumpectomy margins were examined as frozen sections during BCS. The margins were defined as positive when the @entity5 cells were present within 5  mm from the edge of the outermost margins of the specimens. RESULTS: Out of 1029 @entity1 , 312 @entity1 (30.3  %) had positive margins after the initial lumpectomy and underwent additional resections during BCS. Fourteen @entity1 (1.4  %) underwent mastectomy following the results of additional resections during the first surgery. Of 1015 @entity1 who completed BCS, 60 @entity1 (5.9  %) were found to have positive margins in the final pathology. One @entity1 (0.1  %) underwent re-operation after BCS while the residual diseases of the other 59 @entity1 were judged to be minimal. Of the 312 @entity1 who were judged to have positive margins after the initial lumpectomy with IEFSA, 53 @entity1 (16.9  %) were found to have negative margins in the final pathology. At a median follow-up time of 54.1  months, one @entity1 (0.1  %) had a recurrence of @entity0 in the preserved breast. CONCLUSION: IEFSA is useful for preventing the need for re-operation and local recurrence after BCS.

title: Efficacy of intraoperative entire-circumferential frozen section analysis of lumpectomy margins during breast-conserving surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5660 is farmed globally under diverse uncontrollable environments. Fish with low macroenvironmental sensitivity ( @entity2828 ) of growth is important to thrive and grow under these uncontrollable environments. The @entity2828 may evolve as a correlated response to selection for growth in one environment when the genetic correlation between @entity2828 and growth is nonzero. The aims of this study were to quantify additive genetic variance for @entity2828 of body weight (BW), defined as the slope of reaction norm across breeding environment (BE) and production environment (PE), and to estimate the genetic correlation (rg(int, sl)) between BW and @entity2828 . To estimate heritable variance of @entity2828 , the coheritability of @entity2828 was derived using selection index theory. The BW records from 43,040 @entity5660 performing either in freshwater or seawater were analysed using a reaction norm model. High additive genetic variance for @entity2828 (9584) was observed, inferring that genetic changes in @entity2828 can be expected. The coheritability for @entity2828 was either -0.06 (intercept at PE) or -0.08 (intercept at BE), suggesting that BW observation in either PE or BE results in low accuracy of selection for @entity2828 . Yet, the rg(int, sl) was negative (-0.41 to -0.33) indicating that selection for BW in one environment is expected to result in more sensitive fish. To avoid an increase of @entity2828 while selecting for BW, it is possible to have equal @entity74 in BW in both environments so that @entity2828 is maintained stable.

title: Genetics of Growth Reaction Norms in Farmed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Rainbow trout', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic gain']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Rainbow Trout']


abstract: PURPOSE: Transsphenoidal surgery is the treatment of choice for most @entity977 ( @entity977 ), except @entity2013 . Difficulties achieving radical resection with this method are encountered in @entity1 with PAs invading the cavernous sinus (CS), due to the inability of the standard transsphenoidal approach to expose all @entity5 adequately. This study analyzed methods to resect PAs invading the CS and factors influencing the degree of @entity5 resection and occurrence of complications. METHODS: Outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in 52 @entity1 with @entity977 invading the CS who underwent surgery via the extended transsphenoidal approach utilizing multiple techniques, including microscopy, endoscopy, neuronavigation, and intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 33 @entity1 (63.5  %). GTR rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with Knosp Grade 3 than Knosp Grade 4 (92.3 vs. 53.8  %) and in @entity1 undergoing initial surgery than reoperation (77.1 vs. 35.3  %). One @entity1 (2.9  %) undergoing initial surgery experienced transient @entity129 , without other @entity260 . @entity260 were significantly higher after reoperation. Firm @entity5 consistency was significantly more frequent in @entity1 undergoing reoperation than initial surgery (52.9 vs. 8.6  %). CONCLUSION: Extended transsphenoidal surgery incorporating multiple complementary techniques was highly effective for PAs invading the CS. @entity260 rates were relatively low, especially for @entity1 undergoing initial surgery and those with Knosp Grade 3 @entity5 . Total resection of PAs invading the CS remains challenging, especially in @entity1 undergoing reoperation or having firm @entity5 .

title: Extended transsphenoidal approach for XXXX invading the cavernous sinus using multiple complementary techniques.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) decreases with age and increased @entity2333 is independently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The association of severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) with @entity2333 in different aortic regions has not been evaluated. Elderly subjects with severe @entity472 and a cohort of @entity1 without @entity472 of similar age were studied. Proximal aortic cross-sectional-area changes during the cardiac cycle were determined using retrospective-ECG-gating on 128-detector row computed-tomography. Using oscillometric-brachial-blood-pressure measurements, the @entity2333 at the @entity15222 ( @entity15222 ), proximal-descending-aorta (PDA) and distal-descending-aorta (DDA) was determined. Linear mixed effects modelling was used to determine the association of age and @entity472 on regional @entity2333 . 102 @entity1 were evaluated: 36 @entity472 @entity1 (70-85  years), 24 @entity472 @entity1 (>85  years) and 42 @entity1 without @entity472 (9 @entity1 <50  years, 20 @entity1 between 51-70  years and 13 @entity1 70-85  years). When comparing @entity1 70-85  years, @entity15222 distensibility was significantly lower in those with @entity472 compared to those without @entity472 (0.9      0.9 vs. 1.4      1.1, P  =  0.03) while there was no difference in the PDA (1.0      1.1 vs. 1.0      1.2, P  =  0.26) and DDA (1.1      1.2 vs. 1.2      0.8, P  =  0.97). In @entity1 without @entity472 , @entity2333 decreased with age in all aortic regions (P  <  0.001). The @entity15222 in @entity1 <50  years were the most distensible compared to other aortic regions. There is regional variation in aortic distensibility with aging. @entity1 with @entity472 demonstrated regional differences in aortic distensibility with lower distensibility demonstrated in the proximal ascending aorta compared to an age-matched cohort.

title: Regional aortic distensibility and its relationship with age and XXXX : a computed tomography study.

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness', 'Aortic distensibility', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity15222 :: ('MESH:C537217', 'Disease') :: ['ascending-aorta', 'AA']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: Important cellular characteristics, including selective adhesion, growth rate, motility, and differentiation, are controlled, in part, by signals received at the cell surface. The molecular mechanisms for the cell surface control of these cell behaviors are largely unknown. In order to probe the role of specific extracellular molecules in controlling cell function, we report the development of synthetic surfaces which generally support the long-term growth of cells yet can be readily derivatized with a wide variety of molecules of biological interest. @entity2975 gels containing a gradient of active @entity13507 groups were prepared and then the @entity14743 were displaced with ligands to generate a gradient of @entity4880 , @entity7030 , or @entity3787 groups. When untransformed @entity19 fibroblasts (BALB/3T3) were seeded on the various surfaces, they attached and grew only on those derivatized with @entity7574 or @entity3787 groups within narrow concentration ranges. Cell growth rate, density, and morphology on @entity2975 gels containing the optimal concentration of @entity4880 groups (approximately 30 mumol/ml) were comparable to those on tissue culture plastic, whereas growth on @entity3787 group-derivatized gels was less extensive. In contrast, short-term (90-min) adhesion to @entity3787 group-derivatized gels was greater than that to @entity4880 -derivatized gels. Both short-term adhesion and long-term growth required serum. Growth-supportive @entity2975 gels were readily derivatized with molecules of biological interest. The techniques reported here are applicable to other types of cell in culture since the nature and concentration of substratum functional groups can be easily varied and tested for support of long-term cell growth.

title: Cell attachment and long-term growth on derivatizable XXXX surfaces.

entities_list: @entity7574 :: ('MESH:D002264', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity7030 :: ('CHEBI:32876', 'Chemical') :: ['tertiary amine']

answer: @entity2975 :: (CHEBI:51135,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased level of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is a key feature of the @entity209 and is associated with @entity65 . @entity5601 -   agonists play a protective role in lipid metabolism and vascular function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of @entity5601 -   in the uptake of VLDL in endothelial cells and its underlying mechanism(s). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Uptake of VLDL in HUVECs was assessed by Dil-fluorescent labelling of VLDL. Levels of @entity28427 mRNA and @entity26719 ) were detected by quantitative PCR. The target genes of @entity26719 were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. 3'-Untranslated region (3'-UTR) luciferase reporter and Argonaute 1 pull-down assays were used to validate the target of @entity26719 . KEY RESULTS: @entity5601 -   agonist @entity29852 decreased uptake of VLDL and expression of @entity28427 at mRNA and protein levels. @entity29852 inhibited the luciferase reporter activity of the 3'-UTR of @entity28427 . @entity28427 was a direct target of @entity26719 . @entity26719 was significantly increased by @entity29852 in HUVECs. Transfection of a @entity26719 mimic decreased the mRNA and protein levels of @entity28427 and uptake of VLDL. Furthermore, a @entity26719 inhibitor abolished the inhibitory effect of @entity5601 -   on @entity28427 expression and VLDL uptake. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: In endothelial cells, activation of @entity5601 -   decreased @entity28427 expression and VLDL uptake via the induction of @entity26719 . These results provided a novel mechanism for the vascular protective effect of @entity5601 -   agonists.

title: Activation of XXXX -   induces microRNA-100 and decreases the uptake of very low-density lipoprotein in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity5601 :: (5465,Gene) :: ['PPAR']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The timing of physical therapy (PT) services and its association with later function and @entity158 are not clear, especially in older adults. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of @entity1 receiving early or later PT services with those not receiving PT among older adults presenting to primary care for a new visit for back @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective cohort study using the Back Pain Outcomes Using Longitudinal Data registry. @entity1 SAMPLE: A total of 3,705 adults 65 years and older with a new visit for back @entity158 were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Pain Numerical Rating Scales, and EuroQol-5D. METHODS: We studied two phases of PT utilization: early (0-28 days) and later (3-6 months). At baseline, we selected the @entity1 with complete 12 months of @entity1 -reported outcomes and electronic medical record data. Early PT was defined as initiating PT less than or equal to 28 days from the index visit for back @entity158 . The no early PT group consisted of @entity1 with no PT, no injections, no surgery, and no chiropractic within 28 days. We restricted the later phase analysis to @entity1 with @entity158 greater than 2 of 10 and an RMDQ score greater than 4 to create a subsample of @entity1 with continuing clinically important back @entity158 . We defined later PT as initiating PT between 3 and 6 months after the index visit. The no later PT group consisted of @entity1 without any PT during this time. We used propensity score matching followed by multiple linear regression to estimate the mean difference in outcome. Sensitivity analysis examined clinically important change and dose of PT use among the early PT group. RESULTS: The early PT group had better functional status with an adjusted mean RMDQ of 1.1 points less than the no early PT group (95% confidence interval: -2.2, -0.1) and @entity615 of -0.5 (-0.9, -0.1) at 12 months. There was no difference between early PT groups at 3 and 6 months. The odds of a 30% improvement in function or @entity158 were not different between these matched groups at 12 months, but the early PT group had increased odds of a 50% improvement in function at 12 months (odds ratio: 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 2.40). There was no difference between later groups at 12 months. Greater dose of PT use within the early PT group was associated with better functional status (p= .01). CONCLUSIONS: We found that among older adults presenting to their primary care providers for a new @entity615 , early referral to PT resulted in no or minimal differences in @entity158 , function, or health-related quality at 3, 6, or 12 months compared with a matched group that did not receive early PT. Secondary analysis show that @entity1 initiating early PT may be somewhat more likely to experience 50% improvement in function at 12 months.

title: Clinical outcomes of early and later physical therapist services for older adults with back XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['episode of back pain', 'less back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Future transportation policy is likely to reduce emissions in the cities and urban regions by strengthening active travel. Increased walking and cycling are known to have positive effects on health outcomes. This work estimates effects of increased active travel on @entity164 2 @entity6 in Germany, where 64% of the population live in urban regions. METHODS: Based on the effect size of an increased active travel scenario reported from a recent meta-analysis, we project the change in the life time risk, the proportion of prevented cases and the change in @entity6 free life time in a German birth cohort (born 1985) compared to business as usual. RESULTS: The absolute risk reduction of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 before the age of 80 is 6.4% [95% confidence interval: 3.7-9.7%] for @entity1 and 4.7% [2.2-7.7%] for @entity1 , respectively. Compared to business as usual, the increased active travel scenario prevents 14.0% [8.1-21.2%] of the future cases of @entity6 in @entity1 and 15.8% [9.3-23.1%] in @entity1 . @entity6 free survival increases by 1.7 [1.0-2.7] years in @entity1 and 1.4 [0.6-2.3] in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our projection predicts a substantial impact of increased active travel on the future burden of @entity164 2 @entity6 . The most striking effect may be seen in the number of prevented cases. In all urban regions with an increased active travel transport policy, about one out of seven male and one out of six female cases can be prevented.

title: Projected effect of increased active travel in german urban regions on the risk of XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Future transportation policy is likely to reduce emissions in the cities and urban regions by strengthening active travel. Increased walking and cycling are known to have positive effects on health outcomes. This work estimates effects of increased active travel on @entity164 2 @entity6 in Germany, where 64% of the population live in urban regions. METHODS: Based on the effect size of an increased active travel scenario reported from a recent meta-analysis, we project the change in the life time risk, the proportion of prevented cases and the change in @entity6 free life time in a German birth cohort (born 1985) compared to business as usual. RESULTS: The absolute risk reduction of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 before the age of 80 is 6.4% [95% confidence interval: 3.7-9.7%] for @entity1 and 4.7% [2.2-7.7%] for @entity1 , respectively. Compared to business as usual, the increased active travel scenario prevents 14.0% [8.1-21.2%] of the future cases of @entity6 in @entity1 and 15.8% [9.3-23.1%] in @entity1 . @entity6 free survival increases by 1.7 [1.0-2.7] years in @entity1 and 1.4 [0.6-2.3] in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our projection predicts a substantial impact of increased active travel on the future burden of @entity164 2 @entity6 . The most striking effect may be seen in the number of prevented cases. In all urban regions with an increased active travel transport policy, about one out of seven male and one out of six female cases can be prevented.

title: Projected effect of increased active travel in german urban regions on the risk of @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Basic studies have shown that @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) analogs exert a direct protective effect on the vascular endothelium in addition to their indirect effects on postprandial @entity413 and lipid metabolism. @entity5445 analogs are also reported to inhibit @entity455 . This study examined whether the @entity5445 analog exenatide inhibits @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity6 underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in @entity413 and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10   g exenatide. Vascular endothelial function was determined using reactive @entity450 index (RHI) measured by peripheral arterial tonometry before and 120  min after the meal loading test. The primary endpoint was the difference in changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function between the baseline and exenatide tests. RESULTS: The natural logarithmically-scaled RHI (L_RHI) was significantly lower after the baseline meal test but not in the exenatide test. The use of exenatide resulted in a significant decrease in @entity1674 (TG) area under the curve and coefficient of variation (CV). The change in L_RHI correlated with changes in CV of @entity1674 and HDL- @entity165 . Multivariate analysis identified changes in @entity412 CV as the only determinant of changes in L_RHI, contributing to 41% of the observed change. CONCLUSIONS: @entity42652 inhibited @entity455 after the meal loading test, suggesting that exenatide has a multiphasic anti-atherogenic action involving not only @entity413 but also lipid metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: UMIN000015699.

title: Effects of exenatide on XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity42652 :: ('MESH:C074031', 'Chemical') :: ['Exenatide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Basic studies have shown that @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) analogs exert a direct protective effect on the vascular endothelium in addition to their indirect effects on postprandial @entity413 and lipid metabolism. @entity5445 analogs are also reported to inhibit @entity455 . This study examined whether the @entity5445 analog exenatide inhibits @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity6 underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in @entity413 and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10   g exenatide. Vascular endothelial function was determined using reactive @entity450 index (RHI) measured by peripheral arterial tonometry before and 120  min after the meal loading test. The primary endpoint was the difference in changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function between the baseline and exenatide tests. RESULTS: The natural logarithmically-scaled RHI (L_RHI) was significantly lower after the baseline meal test but not in the exenatide test. The use of exenatide resulted in a significant decrease in @entity1674 (TG) area under the curve and coefficient of variation (CV). The change in L_RHI correlated with changes in CV of @entity1674 and HDL- @entity165 . Multivariate analysis identified changes in @entity412 CV as the only determinant of changes in L_RHI, contributing to 41% of the observed change. CONCLUSIONS: @entity42652 inhibited @entity455 after the meal loading test, suggesting that exenatide has a multiphasic anti-atherogenic action involving not only @entity413 but also lipid metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: UMIN000015699.

title: Effects of exenatide on @entity455 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Primary hepatic marginal zone B-cell @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) is extremely rare. We present a case in which a lesion was diagnosed as 2 @entity5 ( @entity1074 and @entity2695 ) using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) with sonazoid. There has been no previous case of contiguous hepatic @entity1074 and @entity2695 . The present case was a female with no medical history. We detected a snowman-like appearance, which was a @entity5 of 15 mm in diameter with hypo- and hyper-echogenicities in the lateral and medial parts, respectively, in the Couinaud's segment (S6) of the liver on US. The @entity5 appeared as a single lesion with a low-density area in the unenhanced phase and prolonged enhancement in the equilibrium phases on dynamic CT. On MRI, the whole lesion showed a low-intensity signal on T1-weighted imaging, but isointensity in the lateral part and high intensity in the medial part were seen on T2-weighted imaging. On contrast-enhanced US, the lateral hypoechoic region was homogenously hyperenhanced in the early vascular phase, and the contrast medium was washed out after about 30 s; in contrast, the medial hyperechoic region was gradually stained from the margin toward the central region. The @entity5 showed a defect in both hypo- and hyperechoic regions in the postvascular phase. @entity2695 was suspected for the medial part based on the typical image findings, but the lateral part was not given a diagnosis. Thus, surgical resection was performed. The medial part was a @entity2695 , and the lateral part was a @entity1074 by histopathological findings.

title: A case of contiguous primary hepatic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and XXXX ultimately diagnosed using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'contiguous tumors']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Hemangioma']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: We evaluated the antithrombotic efficacy of the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) fraction @entity2120 in nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity1151 documented by pulmonary angioscan and angiography. Therapy with @entity2120 was initiated by an i.v. bolus of 0.5 mg/kg, followed by a continuous intravenous infusion during the first 10 days; the drug was then given subcutaneously twice daily during the following 15 days. The dosage of @entity2120 was adjusted by daily measurements of anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities using amidolytic methods. For a dosage ranging from 1.4 to 4.1 mg/kg per day during the i.v. period and from 0.7 to 3.5 mg/kg per day during the s.c. period, the anti-Xa activity ranged from 4 to 8.7 PK U/ml and from 4.5 to 7.2 PK U/ml respectively. Clinical improvement was observed in all the @entity1 and was consistent with progressive reperfusion evaluated by successive angioscans. No recurrence of @entity1151 occurred. No deleterious hemorrhagic side-effects were observed, even in two @entity1 at high risk of @entity548 . In this pilot study, the LMWH fraction @entity2120 proved to be an effective anticoagulant therapy during the first three weeks after @entity1151 in @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX by a low molecular weight heparin fraction. A preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The liver is frequently challenged by toxins and reactive @entity26 species. Therefore, hepatocytes require cytoprotective strategies to cope with these insults. Since the transcription factors @entity10182 and NF-kB regulate the cellular antioxidant defense system and important survival pathways, we determined their individual and overlapping functions in the liver. METHODS: We generated @entity19 lacking @entity10182 and the NF-kB @entity1992 / @entity1992 subunit in hepatocytes and we analyzed their liver by using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and Oxyblot analysis. @entity1 @entity8055 ( @entity8055 ) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Loss of either @entity10182 or NF-kB/ @entity1992 had only a minor effect on liver homeostasis, but the double knockout @entity19 spontaneously developed @entity409 and @entity82 . Upon aging, more than one-third of the female double mutant @entity19 developed @entity5 , which histologically resemble @entity1 @entity8055 , a @entity5 that predominantly occurs in @entity1 . The @entity19 @entity5 also recapitulated the immunohistochemical marker profile characteristic for @entity1 @entity8055 . Moreover, pNRF2 and NF-kB @entity1992 / @entity1992 was not detectable in the nuclei of @entity8055 @entity5 cells. The @entity19 phenotype was not due to a synergistic effect of both transcription factors on cytoprotective @entity10182 target genes. Rather, loss of @entity10182 or NF-kB/ @entity1992 altered the expression of different genes, and the combination of these alterations likely affects liver homeostasis in the double mutant @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide genetic evidence for a functional cross-talk of @entity10182 and NF-kB/ @entity1992 in hepatocytes, which protects the liver from @entity39 , @entity32 and @entity82 . Furthermore, the double mutant @entity19 represent a valuable animal model for @entity8055 .

title: NF-kB/ @entity1992 and @entity10182 cooperate to maintain hepatocyte integrity and to prevent development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas', 'iHCA']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

answer: @entity8055 :: (MESH:D018248,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The liver is frequently challenged by toxins and reactive @entity26 species. Therefore, hepatocytes require cytoprotective strategies to cope with these insults. Since the transcription factors @entity10182 and NF-kB regulate the cellular antioxidant defense system and important survival pathways, we determined their individual and overlapping functions in the liver. METHODS: We generated @entity19 lacking @entity10182 and the NF-kB @entity1992 / @entity1992 subunit in hepatocytes and we analyzed their liver by using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and Oxyblot analysis. @entity1 @entity8055 ( @entity8055 ) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Loss of either @entity10182 or NF-kB/ @entity1992 had only a minor effect on liver homeostasis, but the double knockout @entity19 spontaneously developed @entity409 and @entity82 . Upon aging, more than one-third of the female double mutant @entity19 developed @entity5 , which histologically resemble @entity1 @entity8055 , a @entity5 that predominantly occurs in @entity1 . The @entity19 @entity5 also recapitulated the immunohistochemical marker profile characteristic for @entity1 @entity8055 . Moreover, pNRF2 and NF-kB @entity1992 / @entity1992 was not detectable in the nuclei of @entity8055 @entity5 cells. The @entity19 phenotype was not due to a synergistic effect of both transcription factors on cytoprotective @entity10182 target genes. Rather, loss of @entity10182 or NF-kB/ @entity1992 altered the expression of different genes, and the combination of these alterations likely affects liver homeostasis in the double mutant @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide genetic evidence for a functional cross-talk of @entity10182 and NF-kB/ @entity1992 in hepatocytes, which protects the liver from @entity39 , @entity32 and @entity82 . Furthermore, the double mutant @entity19 represent a valuable animal model for @entity8055 .

title: NF-kB/ XXXX and @entity10182 cooperate to maintain hepatocyte integrity and to prevent development of @entity8055 .

answer: @entity1992 :: (19697(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RelA']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The liver is frequently challenged by toxins and reactive @entity26 species. Therefore, hepatocytes require cytoprotective strategies to cope with these insults. Since the transcription factors @entity10182 and NF-kB regulate the cellular antioxidant defense system and important survival pathways, we determined their individual and overlapping functions in the liver. METHODS: We generated @entity19 lacking @entity10182 and the NF-kB @entity1992 / @entity1992 subunit in hepatocytes and we analyzed their liver by using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and Oxyblot analysis. @entity1 @entity8055 ( @entity8055 ) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Loss of either @entity10182 or NF-kB/ @entity1992 had only a minor effect on liver homeostasis, but the double knockout @entity19 spontaneously developed @entity409 and @entity82 . Upon aging, more than one-third of the female double mutant @entity19 developed @entity5 , which histologically resemble @entity1 @entity8055 , a @entity5 that predominantly occurs in @entity1 . The @entity19 @entity5 also recapitulated the immunohistochemical marker profile characteristic for @entity1 @entity8055 . Moreover, pNRF2 and NF-kB @entity1992 / @entity1992 was not detectable in the nuclei of @entity8055 @entity5 cells. The @entity19 phenotype was not due to a synergistic effect of both transcription factors on cytoprotective @entity10182 target genes. Rather, loss of @entity10182 or NF-kB/ @entity1992 altered the expression of different genes, and the combination of these alterations likely affects liver homeostasis in the double mutant @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide genetic evidence for a functional cross-talk of @entity10182 and NF-kB/ @entity1992 in hepatocytes, which protects the liver from @entity39 , @entity32 and @entity82 . Furthermore, the double mutant @entity19 represent a valuable animal model for @entity8055 .

title: NF-kB/ @entity1992 and XXXX cooperate to maintain hepatocyte integrity and to prevent development of @entity8055 .

answer: @entity10182 :: (18024(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) is not only one of the prevelant diseases with a high mortality risk but also has a high ratio of delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. In this study, it was aimed to determine the demographical characteristics, risk factors, clinical and laboratory findings of the @entity1 that were diagnosed as @entity1151 at their first hospital visit and of the PE @entity1 who were misdiagnosed at their first admission. We aimed to investigate the factors which can leads to misdiagnosis of PE, and to determine the ways to avoid misdiagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred @entity1151 @entity1 who were admitted to University Hospital between the dates January 2007-December 2011 were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory findings of these @entity1 were evaluated. Among these @entity1 , 26 were misdiagnosed at their first admission but diagnosed accurately (as @entity1151 ) in our hospital and 74 were diagnosed accurately. Two groups were compared with respect to various data of the @entity1 clinical and demographical characteristics. RESULTS: Between the two groups, there was no difference in terms of physical examination and laboratory findings. The @entity1 with the symptoms onset was over a week ago had a higher misdiagnosis rate (p= 0.002). The @entity1 with no risk of @entity1151 had a higher misdiagnosis rate (p= 0.017). Misdiagnosis rate of the @entity1 with @entity299 was lower (p= 0.033) According to Geneva risk score, we observed that the misdiagnosis risk was reduced in the @entity1 with higher clinical probability (p= 0.011). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, misdiagnosis rate was found to be statistically significant in the @entity1 with low score according to the Geneva risk classification, and whose pre-diagnosis period lasted for more than a week and with no risk factors of @entity1151 or @entity299 . We are in the opinion that considering these parameters will help to reduce in misdiagnosis of @entity1151 cases.

title: [Misdiagnosis of XXXX and causes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PTE', 'Pulmonary thromboembolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']