abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population classified into three different subsets: Classical @entity5750 ++ @entity4071 -, intermediate @entity5750 ++ @entity4071 +, and non-classical @entity5750 + @entity4071 ++ monocytes. These subsets are distinguished by their differential expression of @entity5750 and @entity4071 , and unique gene expression profile. So far, the variation in inter-cellular gene expression within the monocyte subsets is largely unknown. In this study, the cellular variation within each @entity1 monocyte subset from a single healthy donor was described by using a novel single-cell PCR gene-expression analysis tool. We investigated 86 different genes mainly encoding cell surface markers, and proteins involved in immune regulation. Within the three @entity1 monocyte subsets, our descriptive findings show multimodal expression of key immune response genes, such as @entity2936 , NF   B1, @entity9135 , @entity2939 , @entity22879 and @entity6801 . Furthermore, we discovered one subgroup of cells within the classical monocytes, which showed alterations of 22 genes e.g. @entity41711 , @entity2936 , @entity6823 , @entity9135 and TNF. Additionally one subgroup within the intermediate and non-classical monocytes also displayed distinct gene signatures by altered expression of 8 and 6 genes, respectively. Hence the three monocyte subsets can be further subdivided according to activation status and differentiation, independently of the traditional classification based on cell surface markers. Demonstrating the use and the ability to discover cell heterogeneity within defined populations of @entity1 monocytes is of great importance, and can be useful in unravelling inter-cellular variation in leukocyte populations, identifying subpopulations involved in disease pathogenesis and help tailor new therapies.

title: A Single-Cell Gene-Expression Profile Reveals Inter-Cellular Heterogeneity within XXXX Monocyte Subsets.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography imaging is now being used to generate 3D models for planning orthopaedic surgery, but the process remains time consuming and expensive. For chronic @entity8244 , we have designed a graphic overlay approach that employs selected 3D computer images and widely available software to simplify the process of osteotomy site selection. METHODS: We studied 5 @entity1 (2 traumatic and 3 congenital) with unilateral @entity8244 . These @entity1 were treated with surgery based on traditional radiographs, but they also had full sets of 3D CT imaging done both before and after their surgery: these 3D CT images form the basis for this study. From the 3D CT images, each @entity1 generated 3 sets of 3D-printed bone models: 2 copies of the preoperative condition, and 1 copy of the @entity86 . One set of the preoperative models was then actually osteotomized and fixed in the manner suggested by our graphic technique. Arcs of rotation of the 3 sets of 3D-printed bone models were then compared. RESULTS: Arcs of rotation of the 3 groups of bone models were significantly different, with the models osteotomized accordingly to our graphic technique having the widest arcs. CONCLUSIONS: For chronic @entity8244 , our graphic overlay approach simplifies the selection of the osteotomy site(s). Three-dimensional-printed bone models suggest that this approach could improve range of motion of the forearm in actual surgical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-therapeutic study.

title: A Graphic Overlay Method for Selection of Osteotomy Site in Chronic XXXX : An Evaluation of 3D-printed Bone Models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative condition']

entities_list: @entity8244 :: ('MESH:C566728', 'Disease') :: ['radial head dislocation']

answer: @entity8244 :: (MESH:C566728,Disease) :: ['Radial Head Dislocation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic pediatric distal tibiofibular @entity8213 is a rare complication following @entity174 . This is a retrospective, multicenter case series of @entity8213 of distal tibiofibular @entity174 in @entity1 . The purpose was to evaluate the incidence and pattern of posttraumatic distal tibiofibular @entity8213 in @entity1 . METHODS: Of the 604 pediatric distal tibiofibular @entity174 , 20 @entity1 (3.3%) with @entity8213 after treatment of distal tibiofibular @entity174 were identified at 3 tertiary referral centers. There were 12 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 , with a mean age of 8.4  2.0 years (range, 3.7 to 11.5 y) at the time of injury. Medical records were reviewed, and serial radiographs were analyzed to determine @entity174 configuration, pattern of @entity8213 , and changes in the relative positions of the proximal and distal tibial and fibular physes and in the alignment of the ankle. RESULTS: The time from the occurrence of @entity174 until the recognition of the @entity8213 ranged from 2 to 6 months (mean, 2.8 mo). The most common @entity174 configuration was oblique @entity174 combined with comminuted fibular @entity174 . There were 12 focal types and 8 extensive types. The proximal tibiofibular distance was decreased in 13 @entity1 . Proximal migration of the distal fibular physis developed in all cases. Five @entity1 exhibited ankle valgus of 10 degrees or greater with moderate or severe distal fibular shortening. Eight @entity1 were symptomatic after @entity8213 and 12 @entity1 were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: We identified 2 patterns of @entity8213 after the treatment of pediatric distal tibiofibular @entity174 : focal and extensive. The focal type was more prevalent than the extensive type, which was more likely to occur due to high-energy injury. When a tibiofibular cross-union develops, it creates growth abnormalities that warrant observation and potential treatment, as it may lead to progressive @entity4512 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: Posttraumatic Tibiofibular Synostosis After Treatment of Distal Tibiofibular Fractures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['deformity or ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Insect pollination, despite its potential to contribute substantially to crop production, is not an integrated part of agronomic planning. A major reason for this are knowledge gaps in the contribution of pollinators to yield, which partly result from difficulties in determining area-based estimates of yield effects from insect pollination under field conditions. We have experimentally manipulated @entity5157 @entity5157 densities at 43 @entity4335 @entity4335 fields over 2 years in Scandinavia. @entity5157 hives were placed in 22 fields; an additional 21 fields without large apiaries in the surrounding landscape were selected as controls. Depending on the pollination system in the parental generation, the @entity4335 cultivars in the crop fields are classified as either open-pollinated or first-generation hybrids, with both types being open-pollinated in the generation of plants cultivated in the fields. Three cultivars of each type were grown. We measured the activity of flower-visiting insects during flowering and estimated yields by harvesting with small combine harvesters. The addition of @entity5157 hives to the fields dramatically increased abundance of flower-visiting @entity5157 in those fields. @entity5157 affected yield, but the effect depended on cultivar type (p  =  0.04). Post-hoc analysis revealed that open-pollinated cultivars, but not hybrid cultivars, had 11% higher yields in fields with added @entity5157 than those grown in the control fields (p  =  0.07). To our knowledge, this is the first whole-field study in replicated landscapes to assess the benefit of insect pollination in @entity4335 . Our results demonstrate that @entity5157 have the potential to increase @entity4335 yields, thereby emphasizing the importance of pollinator management for optimal cultivation of @entity4335 .

title: Large-scale pollination experiment demonstrates the importance of insect pollination in winter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honey bees', 'Honey bee', 'honey bee', 'Honey bees', 'Apis mellifera']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['B. napus', 'Brassica napus', 'oilseed rape']

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['oilseed rape']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The presence or absence of @entity172 and @entity1420 steroid hormone receptor expression (ER, PR) is an essential feature of invasive @entity0 and determines prognosis and endocrine treatment decisions. Among the four ER/PR receptor phenotypes, the ER-/PR+ is infrequent, and its clinical relevance has been controversially discussed. Thus, we investigated its clinical significance and gene expression pattern in large datasets. In a retrospective clinical study of 15,747 @entity0 @entity1 , we determined the ER/PR subtype survival probabilities using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. From The @entity5 (TCGA) @entity0 dataset, PAM50 expression signature and pathway analyses were performed to test for distinct molecular features. In our cohort, the ER-/PR+ phenotype has been observed at a frequency of 4.1  % and was associated with an improved 10-year survival for stage I @entity5 compared to the ER+/PR+ reference subtype (median; 95  % CI 88.1  %; 83-93 vs. 84.3  %; 82-86  %, P  =  0.024) as was confirmed by multivariate analysis over the entire follow-up (HR 0.59, 95  % CI 0.38-0.92, P  =  0.021). This association lacked significance when including all stages. ER-/PR+ @entity1 treated with antihormonal agents (34.5  %) had shorter survival compared to their non-treated counterparts (Log-rank P  =  0.0001). PAM50 signatures suggest a distinct configuration for the ER-/PR+ phenotype. This specific phenotype has been further separated by a set of 59 uniquely expressed genes. Our study supports the notion of the existence of an ER-/PR+ phenotype with clinical and molecular features distinct from the large group of ER+/PR+ @entity1 .

title: Clinical outcome and global gene expression data support the existence of the @entity172 receptor-negative/ @entity1420 receptor-positive invasive XXXX phenotype.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The presence or absence of @entity172 and @entity1420 steroid hormone receptor expression (ER, PR) is an essential feature of invasive @entity0 and determines prognosis and endocrine treatment decisions. Among the four ER/PR receptor phenotypes, the ER-/PR+ is infrequent, and its clinical relevance has been controversially discussed. Thus, we investigated its clinical significance and gene expression pattern in large datasets. In a retrospective clinical study of 15,747 @entity0 @entity1 , we determined the ER/PR subtype survival probabilities using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. From The @entity5 (TCGA) @entity0 dataset, PAM50 expression signature and pathway analyses were performed to test for distinct molecular features. In our cohort, the ER-/PR+ phenotype has been observed at a frequency of 4.1  % and was associated with an improved 10-year survival for stage I @entity5 compared to the ER+/PR+ reference subtype (median; 95  % CI 88.1  %; 83-93 vs. 84.3  %; 82-86  %, P  =  0.024) as was confirmed by multivariate analysis over the entire follow-up (HR 0.59, 95  % CI 0.38-0.92, P  =  0.021). This association lacked significance when including all stages. ER-/PR+ @entity1 treated with antihormonal agents (34.5  %) had shorter survival compared to their non-treated counterparts (Log-rank P  =  0.0001). PAM50 signatures suggest a distinct configuration for the ER-/PR+ phenotype. This specific phenotype has been further separated by a set of 59 uniquely expressed genes. Our study supports the notion of the existence of an ER-/PR+ phenotype with clinical and molecular features distinct from the large group of ER+/PR+ @entity1 .

title: Clinical outcome and global gene expression data support the existence of the @entity172 receptor-negative/ XXXX receptor-positive invasive @entity0 phenotype.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The presence or absence of @entity172 and @entity1420 steroid hormone receptor expression (ER, PR) is an essential feature of invasive @entity0 and determines prognosis and endocrine treatment decisions. Among the four ER/PR receptor phenotypes, the ER-/PR+ is infrequent, and its clinical relevance has been controversially discussed. Thus, we investigated its clinical significance and gene expression pattern in large datasets. In a retrospective clinical study of 15,747 @entity0 @entity1 , we determined the ER/PR subtype survival probabilities using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. From The @entity5 (TCGA) @entity0 dataset, PAM50 expression signature and pathway analyses were performed to test for distinct molecular features. In our cohort, the ER-/PR+ phenotype has been observed at a frequency of 4.1  % and was associated with an improved 10-year survival for stage I @entity5 compared to the ER+/PR+ reference subtype (median; 95  % CI 88.1  %; 83-93 vs. 84.3  %; 82-86  %, P  =  0.024) as was confirmed by multivariate analysis over the entire follow-up (HR 0.59, 95  % CI 0.38-0.92, P  =  0.021). This association lacked significance when including all stages. ER-/PR+ @entity1 treated with antihormonal agents (34.5  %) had shorter survival compared to their non-treated counterparts (Log-rank P  =  0.0001). PAM50 signatures suggest a distinct configuration for the ER-/PR+ phenotype. This specific phenotype has been further separated by a set of 59 uniquely expressed genes. Our study supports the notion of the existence of an ER-/PR+ phenotype with clinical and molecular features distinct from the large group of ER+/PR+ @entity1 .

title: Clinical outcome and global gene expression data support the existence of the XXXX receptor-negative/ @entity1420 receptor-positive invasive @entity0 phenotype.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Investigation of the effects of the impairment of different nutritional pathways on the @entity1797 patterns in terms of spatial distributions of cell density, glycosaminoglycan content, and water content. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that impairment of different nutritional pathways would result in different degenerative patterns in @entity1 discs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Impairment of nutritional pathways has been found to affect cell viability in the disc. However, details on how impairment of different nutritional pathways affects the @entity1797 patterns are unknown. METHODS: A 3D finite element model was used for this study. This finite element method was based on the cell-activity coupled mechano-electrochemical theory for cartilaginous tissues. Impairment of the nutritional pathways was simulated by lowering the nutrition level at the disc boundaries. Effects of the impartment of cartilaginous endplate-nucleus pulposus (CEP-NP) pathway only (Case 1), annulus fibrosus (AF) pathway only (Case 2), and both pathways (Case 3) on @entity1797 patterns were studied. RESULTS: The predicted critical levels of nutrition for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 were around 30%, 20%, and 50% of the reference values, respectively. Below this critical level, the @entity1797 would occur. @entity1797 appeared mainly in the NP for Case 1, in the outer AF for Case 2, and in both the NP and inner to middle AF for Case 3. For Cases 1 and 3, the loss of water content was primarily located in the mid-axial plane, which is consistent with the horizontal gray band seen in some T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For the disc geometry used in this study, it was predicted that there existed a high-intensity zone (for Case 3), as seen in some T2-weighted MRI images. CONCLUSION: Impairment of different nutrition pathways results in different degenerative patterns. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: Influences of Nutrition Supply and Pathways on the Degenerative Patterns in XXXX Intervertebral Disc.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration', 'Disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: This study is aimed at providing a dosimetric evaluation of the irregular motion of @entity2 due to variations in @entity1 ' respiration. Twenty-three @entity2 @entity1 are retrospectively enrolled in this study. The motion of the @entity1 clinical target volume is simulated and two types of irregularities are defined: characteristic and uncharacteristic motions. Characteristic irregularities are representative of random fluctuations in the observed target motion. Uncharacteristic irregular motion is classified as systematic errors in determination of the target motion during the planning session. Respiratory traces from measurement of @entity1 abdominal motion are also used for the target motion simulations. Characteristic irregular motion was observed to cause minimal changes in target dosimetry with the largest effect of 2.5%    0.9% (1  ) reduction in the minimum target dose (D(min)) observed for targets that move 2 cm on average and exhibiting 50% amplitude variations within a session. However, uncharacteristic irregular motion introduced more drastic changes in the clinical target volume (CTV) dose; 4.1%    1.7% reduction for 1 cm motion and 9.6%    1.7% drop for 2 cm. In simulations with @entity1 ' abdominal motion, corresponding changes in target dosimetry were observed to be negligible (<0.1%). Only uncharacteristic irregular motion was identified as a clinically significant source of dosimetric uncertainty.

title: A simulation study of irregular respiratory motion and its dosimetric impact on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term corneal safety of topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) used during photorefractive keratectomy to prevent haze formation in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with bilateral high @entity1714 underwent photorefractive keratectomy. One eye was randomly assigned to intraoperative 0.02% @entity1139 and the fellow eye to conventional treatment. Each eye was checked at baseline and at 5 years after surgery using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. RESULTS: At baseline, the endothelial cell density was 2970    295 cells per square millimeter in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 2839    323 cells per square millimeter in the control eyes. At 5 years, it was 2803    307 and 2780    264 cells per square millimeter, respectively (P = 0.27). The number of @entity2687 fibers was 3.9    1.6 in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 4.4    1.3 in the control eyes. At 5 years, it was 3.0    1.6 and 2.7    1.3, respectively (P = 0.15). The density of corneal nerves was 9600    2915  m/mm(2) in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 11,352    3898  m/mm(2) in the control eyes. At 5 years, the density was higher in the @entity1139 -treated eyes (6790    2447  m/mm(2)) than in the control eyes (6024    2977  m/mm(2)) (P = 0.003). The number of nerve beadings at baseline was 12.9    1.7/100  m in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 12.3    2.0/100  m in the control eyes. At 5 years, it was 9.9    2.6/100 and 9.4    2.9/100  m, respectively (P = 1.00). At 5 years, @entity2687 branching and tortuosity were similar in the 2 groups (P = 0.88 and 0.54, respectively). Epithelium thickness remained statistically unchanged (P = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative use of topical 0.02% @entity1139 compared with standard treatment does not induce significant long-term corneal changes, as assessed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy.

title: XXXX -assisted photorefractive keratectomy in high @entity1714 : a long-term safety study.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal nerve']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['Mitomycin C']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term corneal safety of topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) used during photorefractive keratectomy to prevent haze formation in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with bilateral high @entity1714 underwent photorefractive keratectomy. One eye was randomly assigned to intraoperative 0.02% @entity1139 and the fellow eye to conventional treatment. Each eye was checked at baseline and at 5 years after surgery using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. RESULTS: At baseline, the endothelial cell density was 2970    295 cells per square millimeter in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 2839    323 cells per square millimeter in the control eyes. At 5 years, it was 2803    307 and 2780    264 cells per square millimeter, respectively (P = 0.27). The number of @entity2687 fibers was 3.9    1.6 in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 4.4    1.3 in the control eyes. At 5 years, it was 3.0    1.6 and 2.7    1.3, respectively (P = 0.15). The density of corneal nerves was 9600    2915  m/mm(2) in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 11,352    3898  m/mm(2) in the control eyes. At 5 years, the density was higher in the @entity1139 -treated eyes (6790    2447  m/mm(2)) than in the control eyes (6024    2977  m/mm(2)) (P = 0.003). The number of nerve beadings at baseline was 12.9    1.7/100  m in the @entity1139 -treated eyes and 12.3    2.0/100  m in the control eyes. At 5 years, it was 9.9    2.6/100 and 9.4    2.9/100  m, respectively (P = 1.00). At 5 years, @entity2687 branching and tortuosity were similar in the 2 groups (P = 0.88 and 0.54, respectively). Epithelium thickness remained statistically unchanged (P = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative use of topical 0.02% @entity1139 compared with standard treatment does not induce significant long-term corneal changes, as assessed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy.

title: @entity1138 -assisted photorefractive keratectomy in high XXXX : a long-term safety study.

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Granular corneal @entity3986 (GCD2) causes the formation of @entity2687 having 3 different morphological types. We used Fourier domain optical coherence tomography to assess the depths of each type according to the morphology. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 54 eyes of 54 heterozygous @entity1 with GCD2. @entity2687 of 54 @entity1 with GCD2 were classified into 3 morphological types: type 1, diffuse haze; type 2, granular shape (2 subgroups: type 2a, round granulated and type 2b, round spiculated); and type 3, linear shape (2 subgroups: type 3a, short side branched and type 3b, long side branched). Using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, we measured the distances from the Bowman layer to the upper surface of @entity527 (USBL), to the lower surface of @entity527 (LSBL), and the thickness of @entity527 ( @entity527 ). The deposits formed along the flap interface were also examined among 19 @entity1 who had LASIK. RESULTS: Types 1 and 2 deposits were always adjacent to the Bowman layer; thus the USBLs for each were 0.0    0.0  m, whereas that of type 3 deposits was 65.4    48.0  m (P < 0.0001). The LSBL and @entity527 with long side branches (type 3) (313.3    71.4 and 246.2    71.9  m) were greater than those of type 1 (47.7    10.2 and 47.7    10.2  m) and type 2 (91.3    39.5 and 91.3    39.5  m) (P < 0.0001). There were no differences in the measurements between the subgroups type 2a and type 2b or between types 3a and 3b. USBL of the laser in situ keratomileusis group was 54.5    29.8  m. CONCLUSIONS: The depths of @entity2687 in @entity1 with GCD2 were associated with the morphology of @entity527 . The linear deposits were located most deeply in the @entity267 , followed by granular deposits and diffuse haze moving anteriorly. Several deposits have distinct depths according to the morphological types.

title: Analysis of deposit depth and morphology in granular corneal XXXX using fourier domain optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'TD of linear deposits', 'the deposits']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy type 2']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal deposits', 'Corneal deposits']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['dystrophy type 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, immunohistochemistry has emerged as an efficient tool in the detection of DNA mismatch repair protein abnormality in @entity14 . Currently, the immunohistochemical test is mainly applied to cancer resection specimens. Detection of mismatch repair abnormality in biopsies carries obvious clinical importance, as it would allow informed decision about the extent of surgery (segmental resection vs total colectomy, prophylactic hysterectomy or not). Moreover, in the case of treated @entity189 with no @entity41 , it provides a means to evaluate the mismatch repair proteins. However, whether biopsy samples can be reliably used for mismatch repair protein detection remains to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paired biopsy and resection specimens of @entity420 of the gastrointestinal tract, enriched for @entity1 at increased risk for @entity4309 , were analyzed for immunohistochemical staining patterns for @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , and @entity14437 . Abnormal staining was defined as total loss of protein in the @entity5 with appropriate control. Cases with focal and weak staining, defined as staining of no more than moderate intensity present in <10% of the @entity5 cells, were recorded. Correlation analysis with germline mutation data was in a subset of cases. RESULTS: Among 70 @entity1820 (3 from the small bowel, 36 from the right colon, 15 from the left colon, and 16 from the anorectum), both the biopsy and resection specimens detected the same 29 @entity5 as having loss of staining for at least 1 protein, 14 affecting @entity6756 / @entity14437 and 15 affecting @entity4311 / @entity4638 . Focal and weak staining was most commonly seen for @entity6756 stain in biopsies (4 of 70, 6%), followed by @entity4638 stain in biopsies (3 of 70, 4%). Concordant staining patterns between biopsies and resections were reached in all 70 cases for @entity4311 and @entity14437 , whereas discordant patterns were identified in 3 cases (3 of 70, 4%) for @entity6756 and in 2 cases (2 of 70, 3%) for @entity4638 . None of the discordant patterns affected the final interpretation of whether the immunohistochemistry test was normal or abnormal in either the biopsy or the resection. In 13 of the 13 cases that were known to have a pathogenic germline mutation (5 in @entity6756 in @entity4311 ), the stains were abnormal for the corresponding protein and/or its partner protein in both the biopsy and the resection specimens. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data indicating that biopsy samples are as reliable as resections in the immunohistochemical detection of mismatch repair protein abnormality in @entity5 . Our study also shows that various staining variations can occur in both biopsies and resections. Awareness and further understanding of such variations will enhance the use of immunohistochemistry, a commonplace tool that is being increasingly used in the screening workup for @entity4309 .

title: Immunohistochemical staining for DNA mismatch repair proteins in intestinal tract XXXX : how reliable are biopsy samples?

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'intestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: The significance of the association between many gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies and @entity2438 has yet to be discovered. The aim of the present study was to review available evidence documenting any link between @entity2438 and GI histopathology in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:: In a systematic review, the following sources were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (1980-August week 2, 2009), EMBASE (1980-August week 2, 2009), PubMed (last 180 days), Web of Science, and Scopus, using the terms " @entity2438 " or " @entity344 ." In addition, relevant studies were identified through browsing the reference lists of the included articles for relevant citations. All @entity1 younger than 18 years old with @entity2438 who were examined for abnormal GI histopathology were included. Cohort studies published in the English language, reporting GI histopathological examination findings in @entity1 with @entity2438 , were included. Two independent authors performed data extraction. The methodological quality of each trial was assessed. RESULTS:: Eight studies have reported the histopathological features of the GI tract in @entity1 with @entity2438 and fulfilled inclusion criteria. In general, none of these trials appeared to be of high quality. Apart from @entity1373 , the majority of these findings were not consistent. CONCLUSIONS:: GI pathological findings in @entity1 with @entity2438 have been inconsistent. The present available evidence does not support or refute a link between GI histopathology and @entity2438 in @entity1 . The significance of @entity1373 in these @entity1 is unknown. Large properly designed prospective controlled trials addressing this issue are required.

title: Abnormal Gastrointestinal Histopathology in XXXX With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphonodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'autistic spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['autistic spectrum disorder" and "intestinal" or "gastrointestinal" or "colitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical prescription noted for its neuroprotective effects. The total alkaloids, @entity3088 , and @entity68346 are the main active components of HLJDD. In the present study we explored the possible effects of the total alkaloids, @entity3088 , and @entity68346 from HLJDD on behavioral recovery and cortical neurogenesis after @entity64 . METHODS: The @entity64 model was induced by permanent @entity2500 (pMACO). The total alkaloids (44mg/kg), @entity3088 (50mg/kg), and @entity68346 (80mg/kg) from HLJDD were orally administered for 2 hours after @entity64 and daily thereafter. Neurological function was assessed and then @entity35 were sacrificed 7 days after pMACO. Following repeated intraperitoneal injections of the cell proliferation-specific marker @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) after @entity64 induction, precursor cell proliferation and differentiation was monitored by immunofluorescent staining. The levels of relevant proteins were determined by western blotting and the mRNA expressions were assessed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Total alkaloids, @entity3088 and @entity68346 from HLJDD showed improved functional outcome after @entity2806 . The total alkaloids and @entity68346 increased number of @entity1603 -positive cells and enhanced neuronal differentiation in the cortex. Alkaloids-enhanced neurogenesis might be associated with increased @entity6667 , @entity10340 , and @entity18174 protein expression. And the neuroproliferative effect of alkaloids was partially correlated with increased phosphorylation of AKT, and @entity9096 . @entity3088 treatment was found to promote differentiation of cortical precursor cells into neuronal but not glial cells, which may be at least attributable to the regulation of AKT, @entity9096 mRNA and @entity10340 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: Total alkaloids, @entity68346 and @entity3088 from HLJDD promoted functional recovery likely via enhancing cortical neurogenesis and thus have potential as a treatment for @entity2806 .

title: Induced Cortical Neurogenesis after Focal XXXX - Three Active Components from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids', 'Flavonoids']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Ischemia']


abstract: Inherited and acquired changes in pre-mRNA processing have significant roles in @entity1 diseases, especially @entity5 . Characterization of aberrantly spliced mRNAs may thus contribute to understand malignant transformation. We recently reported an anti-oncogenic potential for the @entity1935 transcription factor in the colon. For instance, the @entity430 gene knock out in the @entity19 intestine results in an excess of proliferation with appearance of @entity1373 . @entity1935 is expressed in @entity694 cells but its endogenous activity is weak. We looked for @entity1935 variants that may impair @entity1935 activity in @entity694 cells and we discovered MiniSOX9, a truncated version of @entity1935 devoid of transactivation domain as a result of retention of the second intron. A significant overexpression of MiniSOX9 mRNA in @entity1 @entity5 samples compared with their matched normal tissues was observed by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MiniSOX9 is expressed at high levels in @entity1 @entity694 samples whereas it is undetectable in the surrounding healthy tissues. Finally, we discovered that MiniSOX9 behaves as a @entity1935 inhibitor, inhibits protein kinase Ca promoter activity and stimulates the canonical Wnt pathway. This potential oncogenic activity of the @entity1935 locus gives new insights on its role in @entity694 .

title: MiniSOX9, a dominant-negative variant in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Splint therapy is a widely used modality for @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). However, questions remain regarding the mechanism of symptom relief. Recently, a relation between @entity9321 and a discrepancy between the habitual occlusal position (HOP) and the anterior flat plane bite plate-induced occlusal position (BPOP) has been reported. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of the symptom relief associated with the use of a bite plate, the changes in both the HOP and BPOP values were observed during anterior bite plate treatment in a @entity1 with @entity9321 . CASE PRESENTATION: Anterior bite plate treatment was started in a @entity1 complaining of @entity4841 . A discrepancy between the HOP and BPOP values was recorded three days after the first visit; this discrepancy disappeared on day 6, and the disappearance was maintained between days 6 and 12. The disappearance was associated with a decrease in the severity of the @entity1 's symptoms; however, the discrepancy reappeared after 15 days, coinciding with the complete disappearance of the @entity1 's symptoms. Therefore, the effect of the bite plate on the resolution of the discrepancy between the HOP and BPOP values was interpreted as being unsustainable and occlusal equilibration for the BPOP was performed at 17 days. Thereafter, neither a discrepancy in the HOP and BPOP values nor any symptoms of @entity9321 (right temporomandibular joint @entity158 or limited jaw opening) reoccurred during a two-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, the symptom-relieving action of an anterior flat plane bite plate on the resolution of occlusal discrepancy appeared to be temporary. This outcome supports previously reported conclusions that the effectiveness of stabilization splint therapy for reducing symptoms in @entity1 with @entity158 does not differ significantly from that of other conservative therapies or of no treatment at all.

title: A case report of the symptom-relieving action of an anterior flat plane bite plate for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain dysfunction syndrome', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) is an aggressive extranodal @entity1893 confined to the central nervous system. In this article, we report the results of a pilot trial adding rituximab to the established regimen consisting of @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and @entity11770 (R-MCP). DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity149 @entity1 >= 65 years without Karnofsky performance score (KPS) limit were included. R-MCP regimen consisted of rituximab (375 mg/m(2) i.v. on days -6, 1, 15, and 29), @entity1499 (3 g/m(2) i.v., days 2, 16, and 30) followed by folinic rescue, @entity4174 (60 mg/m(2) orally, days 2-11), and @entity11770 (110 mg/m(2) orally, day 2). A maximum of three 43-day cycles were applied. Primary end point was response to treatment obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary end points were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were included (median age 75, median KPS 60%). Best documented response: complete remission in 18 of 28 (64%), partial remission in 5 of 28 (18%), stable disease in 1 of 28 (4%), and progressive disease in 2 of 28 (7%) @entity1 . Response was not assessed in two @entity1 . Two treatment-associated deaths were observed. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year PFS and @entity1349 was 31%. CONCLUSION: R-MCP regimen is well tolerated and active in elderly @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity149 .

title: Immunochemotherapy with rituximab, @entity1499 , XXXX , and @entity11770 for primary CNS lymphoma ( @entity149 ) in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'Primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4174 :: (MESH:D011344,Chemical) :: ['procarbazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) is an aggressive extranodal @entity1893 confined to the central nervous system. In this article, we report the results of a pilot trial adding rituximab to the established regimen consisting of @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and @entity11770 (R-MCP). DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity149 @entity1 >= 65 years without Karnofsky performance score (KPS) limit were included. R-MCP regimen consisted of rituximab (375 mg/m(2) i.v. on days -6, 1, 15, and 29), @entity1499 (3 g/m(2) i.v., days 2, 16, and 30) followed by folinic rescue, @entity4174 (60 mg/m(2) orally, days 2-11), and @entity11770 (110 mg/m(2) orally, day 2). A maximum of three 43-day cycles were applied. Primary end point was response to treatment obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary end points were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were included (median age 75, median KPS 60%). Best documented response: complete remission in 18 of 28 (64%), partial remission in 5 of 28 (18%), stable disease in 1 of 28 (4%), and progressive disease in 2 of 28 (7%) @entity1 . Response was not assessed in two @entity1 . Two treatment-associated deaths were observed. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year PFS and @entity1349 was 31%. CONCLUSION: R-MCP regimen is well tolerated and active in elderly @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity149 .

title: Immunochemotherapy with rituximab, XXXX , @entity4174 , and @entity11770 for primary CNS lymphoma ( @entity149 ) in the elderly.

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) is an aggressive extranodal @entity1893 confined to the central nervous system. In this article, we report the results of a pilot trial adding rituximab to the established regimen consisting of @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and @entity11770 (R-MCP). DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity149 @entity1 >= 65 years without Karnofsky performance score (KPS) limit were included. R-MCP regimen consisted of rituximab (375 mg/m(2) i.v. on days -6, 1, 15, and 29), @entity1499 (3 g/m(2) i.v., days 2, 16, and 30) followed by folinic rescue, @entity4174 (60 mg/m(2) orally, days 2-11), and @entity11770 (110 mg/m(2) orally, day 2). A maximum of three 43-day cycles were applied. Primary end point was response to treatment obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary end points were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were included (median age 75, median KPS 60%). Best documented response: complete remission in 18 of 28 (64%), partial remission in 5 of 28 (18%), stable disease in 1 of 28 (4%), and progressive disease in 2 of 28 (7%) @entity1 . Response was not assessed in two @entity1 . Two treatment-associated deaths were observed. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year PFS and @entity1349 was 31%. CONCLUSION: R-MCP regimen is well tolerated and active in elderly @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity149 .

title: Immunochemotherapy with rituximab, @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and @entity11770 for primary CNS lymphoma ( XXXX ) in the elderly.

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['PCNSL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) is an aggressive extranodal @entity1893 confined to the central nervous system. In this article, we report the results of a pilot trial adding rituximab to the established regimen consisting of @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and @entity11770 (R-MCP). DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity149 @entity1 >= 65 years without Karnofsky performance score (KPS) limit were included. R-MCP regimen consisted of rituximab (375 mg/m(2) i.v. on days -6, 1, 15, and 29), @entity1499 (3 g/m(2) i.v., days 2, 16, and 30) followed by folinic rescue, @entity4174 (60 mg/m(2) orally, days 2-11), and @entity11770 (110 mg/m(2) orally, day 2). A maximum of three 43-day cycles were applied. Primary end point was response to treatment obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary end points were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were included (median age 75, median KPS 60%). Best documented response: complete remission in 18 of 28 (64%), partial remission in 5 of 28 (18%), stable disease in 1 of 28 (4%), and progressive disease in 2 of 28 (7%) @entity1 . Response was not assessed in two @entity1 . Two treatment-associated deaths were observed. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year PFS and @entity1349 was 31%. CONCLUSION: R-MCP regimen is well tolerated and active in elderly @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity149 .

title: Immunochemotherapy with rituximab, @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and XXXX for primary CNS lymphoma ( @entity149 ) in the elderly.

answer: @entity11770 :: (MESH:D008130,Chemical) :: ['lomustine']


abstract: Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control @entity2981 , reduce swelling and promote recovery after local @entity130 ; many @entity1 therefore take it perioperatively. To determine whether this treatment has any effect, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for @entity923 were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery. Primary outcome measures were @entity158 (short form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and @entity2981 (colour separation analysis) at four days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were swelling (wrist circumference) and use of analgesic medication ( @entity1 diary). 62 @entity1 could be included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences on the primary outcome measures of @entity158 (P=0.79) and @entity2981 (P=0.45) at day four. Swelling and use of analgesic medication also did not differ between arnica and placebo groups. Adverse events were reported by 2 @entity1 in the arnica 6C group, 3 in the placebo group and 4 in the arnica 30C group. The results of this trial do not suggest that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing @entity282 , @entity2981 and swelling in @entity1 undergoing elective hand surgery.

title: Homeopathic arnica for prevention of @entity158 and XXXX : randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2981 :: (MESH:D003288,Disease) :: ['bruising']


abstract: Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control @entity2981 , reduce swelling and promote recovery after local @entity130 ; many @entity1 therefore take it perioperatively. To determine whether this treatment has any effect, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for @entity923 were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery. Primary outcome measures were @entity158 (short form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and @entity2981 (colour separation analysis) at four days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were swelling (wrist circumference) and use of analgesic medication ( @entity1 diary). 62 @entity1 could be included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences on the primary outcome measures of @entity158 (P=0.79) and @entity2981 (P=0.45) at day four. Swelling and use of analgesic medication also did not differ between arnica and placebo groups. Adverse events were reported by 2 @entity1 in the arnica 6C group, 3 in the placebo group and 4 in the arnica 30C group. The results of this trial do not suggest that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing @entity282 , @entity2981 and swelling in @entity1 undergoing elective hand surgery.

title: Homeopathic arnica for prevention of XXXX and @entity2981 : randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Inhibition of dephosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC(20)) is an important mechanism for the @entity141 -induced sensitization of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We investigated whether this mechanism operates in @entity3774 (PGF(2alpha))-induced contraction of @entity95 aortic smooth muscle and, if so, whether @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) or rho-associated kinase (rho kinase) contribute to the inhibition of dephosphorylation. In normal medium, @entity3774 (10 microM) increased the phosphorylation of MLC(20) and developed @entity2701 . The rho-kinase inhibitors @entity8232 and @entity36243 inhibited these changes, despite having no effect on a @entity4621 -induced MLC(20) phosphorylation. After treatment with @entity1855 or chelation of external @entity141 with @entity4527 , @entity3774 increased the MLC(20) phosphorylation and @entity2701 without an increase in [ @entity141 ](i), all of which were sensitive to @entity8232 and @entity36243 . @entity13293 , a MLC kinase inhibitor, quickly reversed the @entity4338 -induced MLC(20) phosphorylation and contraction to the resting level. However, fractions of PGF(2alpha)-induced contraction and MLC(20) phosphorylation were resistant to @entity13293 but were sensitive to @entity8232 . @entity25387 (10 microM), a @entity7131 inhibitor, did not affect the phosphorylation of MLC(20) and the @entity2701 caused by PGF(2alpha), thus excluding the possibility of the involvement of @entity7131 in the PGF(2alpha)-induced MLC(20) phosphorylation. PGF(2alpha) increased phosphorylation at Thr654 of the @entity20383 ( @entity20383 ) of myosin phosphatase, which is a target of rho kinase, and @entity8232 decreased the phosphorylation. These data suggest that the PGF(2alpha)-induced contraction is accompanied by the inhibition of MLC(20) dephosphorylation through rho kinase-induced @entity20383 phosphorylation, leading to @entity141 sensitization of contraction. An actin-associated mechanism may also be involved in the PGF(2alpha)-induced sensitization.

title: Essential role of rho kinase in the XXXX sensitization of @entity3774 -induced contraction of @entity95 aortae.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-ester']

entities_list: @entity36243 :: ('MESH:C431085', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyfasudil']

entities_list: @entity20383 :: ('MESH:C564253', 'Disease') :: ['MBS', 'myosin binding subunit']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['PGF(2alpha)', 'prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Inhibition of dephosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC(20)) is an important mechanism for the @entity141 -induced sensitization of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We investigated whether this mechanism operates in @entity3774 (PGF(2alpha))-induced contraction of @entity95 aortic smooth muscle and, if so, whether @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) or rho-associated kinase (rho kinase) contribute to the inhibition of dephosphorylation. In normal medium, @entity3774 (10 microM) increased the phosphorylation of MLC(20) and developed @entity2701 . The rho-kinase inhibitors @entity8232 and @entity36243 inhibited these changes, despite having no effect on a @entity4621 -induced MLC(20) phosphorylation. After treatment with @entity1855 or chelation of external @entity141 with @entity4527 , @entity3774 increased the MLC(20) phosphorylation and @entity2701 without an increase in [ @entity141 ](i), all of which were sensitive to @entity8232 and @entity36243 . @entity13293 , a MLC kinase inhibitor, quickly reversed the @entity4338 -induced MLC(20) phosphorylation and contraction to the resting level. However, fractions of PGF(2alpha)-induced contraction and MLC(20) phosphorylation were resistant to @entity13293 but were sensitive to @entity8232 . @entity25387 (10 microM), a @entity7131 inhibitor, did not affect the phosphorylation of MLC(20) and the @entity2701 caused by PGF(2alpha), thus excluding the possibility of the involvement of @entity7131 in the PGF(2alpha)-induced MLC(20) phosphorylation. PGF(2alpha) increased phosphorylation at Thr654 of the @entity20383 ( @entity20383 ) of myosin phosphatase, which is a target of rho kinase, and @entity8232 decreased the phosphorylation. These data suggest that the PGF(2alpha)-induced contraction is accompanied by the inhibition of MLC(20) dephosphorylation through rho kinase-induced @entity20383 phosphorylation, leading to @entity141 sensitization of contraction. An actin-associated mechanism may also be involved in the PGF(2alpha)-induced sensitization.

title: Essential role of rho kinase in the @entity141 sensitization of @entity3774 -induced contraction of XXXX aortae.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Inhibition of dephosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC(20)) is an important mechanism for the @entity141 -induced sensitization of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We investigated whether this mechanism operates in @entity3774 (PGF(2alpha))-induced contraction of @entity95 aortic smooth muscle and, if so, whether @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) or rho-associated kinase (rho kinase) contribute to the inhibition of dephosphorylation. In normal medium, @entity3774 (10 microM) increased the phosphorylation of MLC(20) and developed @entity2701 . The rho-kinase inhibitors @entity8232 and @entity36243 inhibited these changes, despite having no effect on a @entity4621 -induced MLC(20) phosphorylation. After treatment with @entity1855 or chelation of external @entity141 with @entity4527 , @entity3774 increased the MLC(20) phosphorylation and @entity2701 without an increase in [ @entity141 ](i), all of which were sensitive to @entity8232 and @entity36243 . @entity13293 , a MLC kinase inhibitor, quickly reversed the @entity4338 -induced MLC(20) phosphorylation and contraction to the resting level. However, fractions of PGF(2alpha)-induced contraction and MLC(20) phosphorylation were resistant to @entity13293 but were sensitive to @entity8232 . @entity25387 (10 microM), a @entity7131 inhibitor, did not affect the phosphorylation of MLC(20) and the @entity2701 caused by PGF(2alpha), thus excluding the possibility of the involvement of @entity7131 in the PGF(2alpha)-induced MLC(20) phosphorylation. PGF(2alpha) increased phosphorylation at Thr654 of the @entity20383 ( @entity20383 ) of myosin phosphatase, which is a target of rho kinase, and @entity8232 decreased the phosphorylation. These data suggest that the PGF(2alpha)-induced contraction is accompanied by the inhibition of MLC(20) dephosphorylation through rho kinase-induced @entity20383 phosphorylation, leading to @entity141 sensitization of contraction. An actin-associated mechanism may also be involved in the PGF(2alpha)-induced sensitization.

title: Essential role of rho kinase in the @entity141 sensitization of XXXX -induced contraction of @entity95 aortae.

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report describes our experience using a modified anterior levator resection approach in @entity1736 @entity1 and presents the results from a consecutive series of @entity1 treated with this method. DESIGN: This was a retrospective case series study. @entity1 : Forty-one @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity1736 were included. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent a modified anterior levator resection approach under local anesthesia. The procedure involved exposing Whitnall's ligament, dissecting and resecting the underlying levator muscle from Whitnall's ligament, and leaving the aponeurosis intact. All @entity1 underwent pre- and postoperative photography, and final outcomes were assessed after a minimum of 6 months. Outcome measures included pre- and post-marginal reflex distance ( @entity25796 ), symmetry of height, contour, and complications. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 undergoing 56 procedures were included. The mean age of the @entity1 was 15 (13-18) years. The mean postoperative @entity25796 was 3.45 mm. Thirty-four @entity1 achieved their desired lid height and contour, and 7 @entity1 had undercorrection, including 1 @entity1 with 2 mm of asymmetry, with a final success rate of 83% (34/41 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our modified anterior levator resection approach had a high success rate and is particularly suitable for @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity1736 .

title: Surgical correction of XXXX using a modified levator resection technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['myogenic ptosis']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['myogenic ptosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2260 is a rare cause (1-8 %) of @entity281 causing an important morbi-mortality in the newborn and the mother. AIM: To report 3 cases of early @entity281 due to S @entity55 . CASES REPORT: Three cases of early @entity281 due to @entity2260 are reported. The three newborns were at term or near term babies with a vaginal delivery in two cases and a caesarean section in one case. They presented severe symptoms, with a progressive onset after birth, leading to hypoxemic @entity55 in one case and to @entity326 in two newborns associated with @entity693 in one case. @entity2260 was isolated in the blood culture in two @entity1 with positive soluble antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid in one case and positive peripheral bacteriological swabs in the other case. In the third case, @entity2260 was isolated in the tracheal sample of the newborn and his mother. @entity2260 was sensitive to @entity869 in two @entity1 and of decreased sensitivity to @entity869 in one @entity1 . The clinical course was favourable in the three @entity1 after hospitalization in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Early neonatal infections caused by S @entity55 are rare and are an important cause of morbi-mortality in the newborn and the mother.

title: [Early XXXX caused by Streptococcus pneumonias: report of 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['maternofetal infection', 'neonatal infection']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['neonatal infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of isolated hemodynamically significant stenoses of accessory renal arteries when the main renal arteries are patent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 68 adults (24 @entity1 , mean age, 67 years +/- 10; 44 @entity1 , mean age, 67 years +/- 12), angiograms that fulfilled the following criteria were studied: (a) technically adequate renal angiograms obtained to evaluate suspected @entity2792 and (b) angiographically documented hemodynamically significant @entity850 of any renal artery. The percentage of kidneys and the percentage of @entity1 with hemodynamically significant isolated stenoses of accessory renal arteries were calculated. RESULTS: Eighty-seven kidneys in 68 @entity1 had hemodynamically significant @entity2791 . Fifteen kidneys had 16 accessory renal arteries. Four accessory arteries in three @entity1 had hemodynamically significant stenoses. Only one of 68 @entity1 (1.5%) had an accessory artery @entity850 unaccompanied by a main @entity2791 in either kidney; this @entity1 had bilateral hemodynamically significant accessory artery stenoses. Two @entity1 had coexistent hemodynamically significant stenoses of accessory and main renal arteries. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of a hemodynamically significant @entity850 isolated to an @entity8 was 1.5% in our study. Thus, failure to detect accessory renal arteries should not unduly affect the utility of a noninvasive test for detecting @entity2792 .

title: Is it necessary to study accessory arteries when screening the renal arteries for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['accessory renal artery']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis', 'renal artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity810 is frequently observed at the intensive care unit, after surgery, and after toxic drug administration. A rise in serum @entity1011 and a fall in urine output are consequences of much earlier injury to the most sensitive part of tubular cells located at the proximal tubule. The aim of the present study was to investigate the course of two cell-cycle arrest urinary biomarkers compared to serum @entity1011 in four clinical settings: @entity5721 , @entity712 , severe @entity810 , and chemotherapy-induced @entity8 . METHODS: A recently developed bedside test known as NephroCheck measures two urinary parameters: @entity13645 ( @entity13645 ) and @entity1552 ( @entity1552 ). The test is based on a sandwich immunoassay technique. The final test output, labeled AKIRisk, is shown as a numeric result. RESULTS: This report revealed that [ @entity13645 ]        [ @entity1552 ] in urine rise rapidly prior to any change in serum @entity1011 . A unique feature of all four clinical settings is that a rapid decline predicts the recovery of kidney function. Besides, a subclinical @entity8 might be detected by the test. CONCLUSION: This bedside test detects biomarkers of @entity8 . A rapid decline in AKIRisk was associated with the restoration of kidney function, whereas a prolonged high AKIRisk score was associated with @entity454 . However, the dynamics seem to differ, depending on the cause and the extent of injury. Further studies will be needed to clarify the issue.

title: NephroCheck data compared to serum XXXX in various clinical settings.

entities_list: @entity1552 :: ('7077', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity13645 :: ('3490', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7', 'IGFBP7']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute kidney injury', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity414 in development of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) remains controversial. Earlier studies have reported inconsistent results, possibly because of their varying ability to adjust for confounding. The impact of longitudinal change in @entity414 on renal outcome has not been assessed previously. We aimed to study the impact of change in serum @entity414 (SUA) as well as baseline SUA on the development of @entity8 . METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, we assessed the associations between change in SUA during follow-up, baseline SUA and @entity8 (defined as albumin- @entity1011 -ratio (ACR) >= 1.13  mg albumin/mmol @entity1011 and/or @entity470   <   60  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2)) in a large cohort from a general population participating in the Troms   Study (n   =   2637). @entity1 were stratified according to tertiles of change in SUA between baseline (1994/95) and follow-up 13  years later. (upper tertile: SUA increasing group, two lower tertiles: SUA non-increasing group). Logistic regression analysis was applied with @entity8 and each component of @entity8 after 7 and 13  years as the dependent variables. Adjustments were made for baseline @entity470 , cardiovascular risk factors, and the use of antihypertensive drugs including diuretics. RESULTS: After excluding @entity1 with @entity8 at baseline, SUA increasers, compared to SUA non-increasers, had a doubled risk of @entity8 after 7  years (odds ratio 2.00, (95  % CI 1.45, 2.75)). Odds ratio for @entity8 in SUA increasers after 13  years was 2.18 (95  % CI 1.71, 2.79). The risk of developing ACR >= 1.13  mg/mmol alone was not significantly increased after 7  years (odds ratio 1.30 (95  % CI 0.90, 1.89), but after 13  years (odds ratio 1.43 (95  % CI 1.09, 1.86)). An increase in baseline SUA of 59   mol/L (1  mg/dL) gave an odds ratio for @entity8 after 13  years of 1.16 (95  % CI 1.04, 1.29). CONCLUSION: An increase in SUA during follow-up was associated with an increased risk of developing @entity8 after 7 and 13  years.

title: XXXX is associated with microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate in the general population during 7 and 13 years of follow-up: The Troms   Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['Uric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of mutation of @entity22219 of COL I A1 gene on the biochemical function of osteoblast, and the pathomechanism of @entity1555 . METHODS: Spongy bones were obtained to culture osteoblast primarily during total hip or knee replacements. The genotype of osteoblast was identified with PCR-RFLP. The amount of mRNA of COL I A1 and collagen type I were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. The growth of osteoblast, the activity of bone @entity731 , and the amount of @entity460 in cell matrix and @entity460 nodus were measured. RESULTS: Three genotypes GG, GT and TT in osteoblast were successfully identified. Compared with GG and GT genotypes, lower expression of mRNA of COL I A1 gene, lesser collagen type I, @entity460 in cell matrix, and @entity460 nodus were found in the cells with TT genotype (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between GG and GT genotype (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in age, growth of osteoblast, and activity of bone @entity731 among the three genotypes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cells with TT genotype have low expression of mRNA of COL I A1 gene and less collagen type I , @entity460 in cell matrix and @entity460 nodus. The lower amount of collagen type I synthesized by osteoblast can decrease the matrix outside the bone cells and result in insufficient site for @entity460 deposition. This may be the cause of lower @entity1555 in @entity1 with TT genotype.

title: [Influence of mutation of XXXX of COL I A1 gene on the biochemical function of osteoblast].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity22219 :: (c|SUB|G|-1997|T,DNAMutation) :: ['-1997G-->T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Schefflera leucantha Viguier is used as a traditional medicine in Thailand and China to relieve chronic cough and @entity565 . However, little is known about its anti- @entity56 effects. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effects of S leucantha @entity1068 extract (SLEE) on chemokine production by epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) stimulated with peptidoglycan ( @entity970 ) from @entity794 and @entity112 release from mast cells. METHODS: LCs were purified from @entity19 epidermal cells using the panning method with anti-IA(d) monoclonal antibody. Chemokine production by LCs was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mast cells for @entity112 release assay were induced by long-term culture of @entity19 spleen cells. @entity112 release from these mast cells was measured by a competitive ELISA. RESULTS: Production of the eosinophil chemoattractant @entity638 and the type 2 T helper (TH2)-associated chemokine @entity15064 from @entity970 -stimulated LCs was significantly inhibited by SLEE. Furthermore, SLEE significantly decreased the release of @entity112 from mast cells by IgE-mediated degranulation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that S leucantha may offer a new therapeutic approach for the control of @entity483 associated with @entity794 colonization through inhibition of the production of @entity56 mediators.

title: Inhibitory effects of Schefflera leucantha extract on production of XXXX mediators by Langerhans cells and mast cells.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: @entity2438 is the prototype of generalized @entity245 or what today are called @entity72 . In most cases it is impossible to detect a specific etiology. It is estimated that a causative diagnosis may be shown in approximately 10-37% of the cases, including, @entity13526 , @entity2916 , @entity2008 such as @entity2100 and 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, @entity5427 , Smith-Magenis, Sotos, @entity17427 , M  bius, Joubert and @entity4802 , Ito's @entity4182 , as well as certain cerebral malformations and several inherited @entity209 . The case of a 3-year old @entity1 is described, who was considered as autistic according to the criteria established by the DSM-IV manual for @entity146 . She showed a delay in psychomotor development since she was 18 months old; she pronounces very few words (10), points to some objects, does not look up and it is hard to establish eye contact with her. She has @entity2319 and therefore, does not respond when called or when she is given orders, she is beginning to walk. She has not @entity410 . Laboratory tests showed an anion gap of 31.6 mEq/L, @entity880 : 2.55: mmol/L, @entity2388 : 0.06 mmol/L, and elevated @entity880 to/ @entity2388 ratio: 42.5. Under optical microscopy a muscular biopsy showed a reduction of the diameter of muscular fibers. The study of energy metabolism showed a partial @entity2383 , which allowed us to conclude that this was a @entity2383 with an autistic clinical spectrum.

title: XXXX associated to a @entity2383 .

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['Angelman, Williams']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['Goldenhar syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypomelanosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity17427 :: ('MESH:D003635', 'Disease') :: ['Cornelia de Lange']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical deafness']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital rubella']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'deficiency of complexes III and IV of the respiratory chain']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: @entity2438 is the prototype of generalized @entity245 or what today are called @entity72 . In most cases it is impossible to detect a specific etiology. It is estimated that a causative diagnosis may be shown in approximately 10-37% of the cases, including, @entity13526 , @entity2916 , @entity2008 such as @entity2100 and 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, @entity5427 , Smith-Magenis, Sotos, @entity17427 , M  bius, Joubert and @entity4802 , Ito's @entity4182 , as well as certain cerebral malformations and several inherited @entity209 . The case of a 3-year old @entity1 is described, who was considered as autistic according to the criteria established by the DSM-IV manual for @entity146 . She showed a delay in psychomotor development since she was 18 months old; she pronounces very few words (10), points to some objects, does not look up and it is hard to establish eye contact with her. She has @entity2319 and therefore, does not respond when called or when she is given orders, she is beginning to walk. She has not @entity410 . Laboratory tests showed an anion gap of 31.6 mEq/L, @entity880 : 2.55: mmol/L, @entity2388 : 0.06 mmol/L, and elevated @entity880 to/ @entity2388 ratio: 42.5. Under optical microscopy a muscular biopsy showed a reduction of the diameter of muscular fibers. The study of energy metabolism showed a partial @entity2383 , which allowed us to conclude that this was a @entity2383 with an autistic clinical spectrum.

title: @entity2438 associated to a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['Angelman, Williams']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['deficiency of complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, tolerance and safety of subcutaneous injections of porcine type I collagen- @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with active @entity309 on stable therapy with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) were enrolled in a 3 month prospective and longitudinal study. @entity1 were treated weekly with subcutaneous injections of 0.2 ml of collagen- @entity12468 (1.7 mg of collagen) in the 8 most @entity158 . The primary endpoints included the Ritchie index (RI), swollen joint count, disease activity score (DAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1851 (CRP). The secondary endpoints included morning @entity2693 , @entity158 intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS), and the Spanish-Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Improvement was determined using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria. RESULTS: Collagen- @entity12468 was safe and well-tolerated and there were no adverse events. @entity1 had a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in basal versus 3 month's treatment in morning @entity2693 (Delta -32.3, -68.6%), RI (Delta -10.2, -46.4%), swollen joint count (Delta -10.7, -71.8%), VAS (Delta -39.9, -63.8%), HAQ-DI (Delta -0.5, -48.5%), DAS (Delta -1.35, -70.5%) and ACR20, 50, and 70 (80.0%; 60.0% and 20.0% respectively). We found no differences in serologic or hematologic variables. CONCLUSION: Collagen- @entity12468 was a safe and well-tolerated drug for the short term treatment of @entity309 . The combination of collagen- @entity12468 plus @entity1500 was more efficacious than @entity1500 alone. However, double-blind placebo-controlled phase II and III clinical trials are necessary to determine whether this drug could be useful in the longterm treatment of @entity309 .

title: Subcutaneous administration of polymerized-type I collagen for the treatment of @entity1 with XXXX . An open-label pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful joints', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, tolerance and safety of subcutaneous injections of porcine type I collagen- @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with active @entity309 on stable therapy with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) were enrolled in a 3 month prospective and longitudinal study. @entity1 were treated weekly with subcutaneous injections of 0.2 ml of collagen- @entity12468 (1.7 mg of collagen) in the 8 most @entity158 . The primary endpoints included the Ritchie index (RI), swollen joint count, disease activity score (DAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1851 (CRP). The secondary endpoints included morning @entity2693 , @entity158 intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS), and the Spanish-Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Improvement was determined using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria. RESULTS: Collagen- @entity12468 was safe and well-tolerated and there were no adverse events. @entity1 had a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in basal versus 3 month's treatment in morning @entity2693 (Delta -32.3, -68.6%), RI (Delta -10.2, -46.4%), swollen joint count (Delta -10.7, -71.8%), VAS (Delta -39.9, -63.8%), HAQ-DI (Delta -0.5, -48.5%), DAS (Delta -1.35, -70.5%) and ACR20, 50, and 70 (80.0%; 60.0% and 20.0% respectively). We found no differences in serologic or hematologic variables. CONCLUSION: Collagen- @entity12468 was a safe and well-tolerated drug for the short term treatment of @entity309 . The combination of collagen- @entity12468 plus @entity1500 was more efficacious than @entity1500 alone. However, double-blind placebo-controlled phase II and III clinical trials are necessary to determine whether this drug could be useful in the longterm treatment of @entity309 .

title: Subcutaneous administration of polymerized-type I collagen for the treatment of XXXX with @entity309 . An open-label pilot trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of polypectomy and anterior ethmoidectomy associated with intranasal applications of @entity2951 on the recurrence of @entity480 . METHOD: Fifty one @entity1 (19 females, 32 males, mean age 43) undergoing polypectomy and anterior ethmoidectomy were included in the study. In 29 @entity1 , a @entity2708 pellet soaked with @entity2951 (3 x 10(-6) mol, dissolved in 70% @entity1068 ) was left into the middle meatus for 20 min under local anaesthesia. As a control group, 22 @entity1 were treated with the @entity2951 vehicle alone (70% @entity1068 ). All @entity1 studied received the intranasal @entity2951 or vehicle treatment once a week for 5 weeks. The clinical objective examination and the subjective evaluation of nasal obstruction, @entity5254 were recorded by means of a visual analogic scale graded from 0 to 4 throughout the study. RESULT: @entity1 treated with intranasal @entity2951 application reported 9 months later and 55 months later separately, a marked reduction of their subjective evaluation of nasal obstruction when compared to the pretreatment evaluation (P < 0.01). In contrast, @entity1 treated with the @entity2951 vehicle alone did not have any significant improvement of their subjective evaluation of nasal obstruction. Subjective @entity5254 was not modified by either treatment. Of 29 @entity1 with @entity2951 treatment, 25 (86.2%) @entity1 (9 months later) and 20 (69%) @entity1 (55 months later) showed satisfactory result, compared to 10 (45.4%) @entity1 and 8 (36.4%) @entity1 separately in the control group, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Intranasal @entity2951 application can reduce polyp recurrence and nasal obstruction after polypectomy and ethmoidectomy.

title: [Effect of intranasal treatment with XXXX on polyp recurrence after polypectomy and ethmoidectomy].

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the pathological changes of @entity189 cases after the treatment of stereotactic radiosurgery. METHOD: 15 cases with recurrent or residual @entity957 of nasopharynx diagnosed as T1-4 N0M0 were selected, which had undergone previous radiotherapy. The @entity1 were treated by Gamma Knife while the isodose curve was 50% and the margin dose was 20 Gy. The nasopharynx biopsy was performed before the treatment and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the treatment. The biopsy specimen was taken to make a pathological examination. RESULT: 1. Before the Gamma Knife treatment, @entity189 cell could be seen in the tissue; 2. 1-3 months after the treatment, cell @entity39 and acute @entity32 cell infiltration could be seen in the target; 3. 6-12 months after the treatment, infiltration of chronic @entity32 cell, proliferation of fibrous tissue and capillary could be found in the target. CONCLUSION: This research implies that the short-term pathological changes after the treatment of stereotactic radiosurgery can be defined as two phases: The first phase occurs from 1 to 3 months after the treatment called @entity39 period. The second phase occurs from 6 to 12 months after the Gamma Knife treatment named as absorption period.

title: [The pathological changes of XXXX cases treated by stereotactic radiosurgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The Extracranial-Intracranial (EC/IC) Bypass Procedure is a new method in order to try to increase the Intracranial Perfusion Pressure (ICPP). Postoperative patency of the bypass can be shown by means of Seldinger angiography. By this method no information however is obtained on the hemodynamic function of the bypass. @entity5299 -Gee measures the Ophthalmic Artery Pressure (OAP) which is related to the ICPP. In this study @entity5299 -Gee is performed without and subsequently with compression of the bypass. Quantification of the hemodynamic significance of the bypass is obtained by measuring the pressure decay in the ophthalmic arteries during this procedure. The Rest Pressure Difference (RPD), i.e. the pressure difference between the two ophthalmic arteries without bypass compression is measured. By subtracting the RPD from the BCD the remaining pressure is called the Net Bypass Pressure ( @entity30765 ), i.e. the pressure difference, which the EC/IC bypass contributes to the ICPP. If, however, at constant systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP) the OAP drops during bypass compression on both sides, we hypothesize that the @entity30765 is the sum of both drops, because, as a result of the interhemispheric steal mechanism, the less perfused hemisphere steals from the better perfused hemisphere. In a group of 40 @entity1 @entity5299 -Gee without and subsequently with bypass compression was applied. Twenty two of 40 @entity5299 -Gee's showed @entity30765 's of 4 mm of @entity349 or more (55%). In the group of 29 @entity1 with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion in 21 @entity1 (72%) an @entity30765 of 4 mm of @entity349 or more was found (mean of 13 mm of @entity349 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ophthalmopneumoplethysmography ( XXXX -Gee) without and with bypass-compression for quantification of hemodynamic significance of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity5299 :: (690,Gene) :: ['OPG']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sixteen national surveys of @entity573 in Japan from 1970 to 2000 have identified a total of 169,117 @entity1 with @entity573 . Based on that figure, 8,460 residents of Hokkaido probably have a history of @entity573 . It is also estimated that almost 270 Hokkaido residents would have @entity573 -related @entity453 . We underwent follow-up studies of Hokkaido residents > or = 15 years with @entity573 . METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to the departments of internal medicine, cardiology or cardiovascular surgery inquiring about the health status of @entity1 with @entity573 at 451 hospitals with 20 or more beds in Hokkaido. RESULTS: We obtained replies from 185 hospitals (41.0%). Only 11 hospitals(5.9%) reported experience of @entity1 with @entity573 (with or without @entity453 ) at hospital follow-up. Detailed @entity1 histories for 60 @entity1 from 7 hospitals were obtained: Twenty @entity1 had @entity573 complicated with @entity453 , whereas 40 @entity1 had a history of @entity573 and no present @entity453 . Thirty-seven @entity1 without @entity453 were followed up at one hospital. The 60 @entity1 were aged from 15 to 36 years. Thirty-nine @entity1 (65%) were in the 15 to 20 year age bracket. @entity574 were recognized in 25 @entity1 (24 males and 1 female) with @entity573 (41.7%) at the onset of the disease. Twenty @entity1 had an @entity439 (s) in the left main trunk and/or the left anterior descending artery, and 13 @entity1 in the right coronary artery. There was a history of @entity583 in four @entity1 (6.7%) and nine @entity1 (15.0%) still suffered from @entity951 . Aortocoronary bypass surgery was performed in one @entity1 , whereas two @entity1 required percutaneous coronary intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the majority of Hokkaido residents with @entity573 (with or without @entity453 ) are not being followed up at area hospitals. The characteristics of @entity1 who were followed up included age < or = 20 years, male sex and the presence of severe @entity453 other than circumflex involvement.

title: [Follow-up studies of Hokkaido residents with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary aneurysms']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that transfection of the gene for @entity1 @entity15794 (hHGF) combined with cellular cardiomyoplasty might regenerate the impaired myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used a ligation model of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of Lewis @entity35 . Two weeks after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, three different treatments were conducted; 1) neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes group(10(6) cells, T group, n = 11), 2) HVJ-liposomes bearing the hHGF gene group (H group, n = 10), and 3) combined(T-H group, n = 10). The injection site was the scar area of @entity583 . For control, culture medium was injected (C group, n = 13). Echocardiography demonstrated that cardiac performance was significantly ameliorated in the T-H group 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Contrast echocardiography also showed a marked increase in myocardial perfusion in the T-H group but not in the other groups. In the T-H group, @entity2295 and a marked @entity82 were observed histologically. In an immunohistochemical study, strong staining for beta 1-integrin, alpha- and beta-dystroglycan were found principally in the basement membrane of myocytes in the T-H group 8 weeks after transplantation, although there was weak immunoreactivity in the T group. CONCLUSIONS: hHGF gene transfection enhanced the cellular cardiomyoplasty possibly by stimulating angiogenesis, restoring the impaired extracellular matrix, and promoting the integration of the dissociated grafted myocytes. The combined effects might have lead to the improved cardiac performance. Thus, combined therapy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of @entity712 caused by @entity583 .

title: [Myocardial regeneration therapy for XXXX : @entity15794 enhances the effect of cellular cardiomyoplasty].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity15794 :: ('24446(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte growth factor']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that transfection of the gene for @entity1 @entity15794 (hHGF) combined with cellular cardiomyoplasty might regenerate the impaired myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used a ligation model of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of Lewis @entity35 . Two weeks after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, three different treatments were conducted; 1) neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes group(10(6) cells, T group, n = 11), 2) HVJ-liposomes bearing the hHGF gene group (H group, n = 10), and 3) combined(T-H group, n = 10). The injection site was the scar area of @entity583 . For control, culture medium was injected (C group, n = 13). Echocardiography demonstrated that cardiac performance was significantly ameliorated in the T-H group 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Contrast echocardiography also showed a marked increase in myocardial perfusion in the T-H group but not in the other groups. In the T-H group, @entity2295 and a marked @entity82 were observed histologically. In an immunohistochemical study, strong staining for beta 1-integrin, alpha- and beta-dystroglycan were found principally in the basement membrane of myocytes in the T-H group 8 weeks after transplantation, although there was weak immunoreactivity in the T group. CONCLUSIONS: hHGF gene transfection enhanced the cellular cardiomyoplasty possibly by stimulating angiogenesis, restoring the impaired extracellular matrix, and promoting the integration of the dissociated grafted myocytes. The combined effects might have lead to the improved cardiac performance. Thus, combined therapy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of @entity712 caused by @entity583 .

title: [Myocardial regeneration therapy for @entity712 : XXXX enhances the effect of cellular cardiomyoplasty].

answer: @entity15794 :: (24446(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['hepatocyte growth factor']


abstract: AIM: To monitor the effect of adding @entity4677 in paediatric @entity1 with @entity306 and @entity302 . METHODS: A case series of eight @entity1 with @entity306 whose focal @entity410 were not adequately controlled by their current anticonvulsants were monitored after @entity4677 was added to their medications. If there was a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency, then the other anticonvulsants were discontinued. Prolonged follow-up occurred for a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS: There were seven males and one female whose ages ranged from 4 years to 17 years. All had focal onset @entity410 , while seven also had secondarily generalised tonic @entity410 . @entity4677 resulted in at least a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency in seven, with no change in one. Three were able to wean successfully to monotherapy and remained @entity410 free for over 2 years. They had a prior history of infrequent @entity410 , one to six per year. Those who continued to require multiple anticonvulsants had a prior history of more frequent @entity410 , 6-50/year. @entity4677 was well tolerated, and none ceased this because of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity4677 is likely to be an effective anticonvulsant in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity306 and infrequent but persistent focal @entity410 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity302 and @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam', 'Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'clonic seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['uncontrolled epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['Levetiracetam']


abstract: AIM: To monitor the effect of adding @entity4677 in paediatric @entity1 with @entity306 and @entity302 . METHODS: A case series of eight @entity1 with @entity306 whose focal @entity410 were not adequately controlled by their current anticonvulsants were monitored after @entity4677 was added to their medications. If there was a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency, then the other anticonvulsants were discontinued. Prolonged follow-up occurred for a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS: There were seven males and one female whose ages ranged from 4 years to 17 years. All had focal onset @entity410 , while seven also had secondarily generalised tonic @entity410 . @entity4677 resulted in at least a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency in seven, with no change in one. Three were able to wean successfully to monotherapy and remained @entity410 free for over 2 years. They had a prior history of infrequent @entity410 , one to six per year. Those who continued to require multiple anticonvulsants had a prior history of more frequent @entity410 , 6-50/year. @entity4677 was well tolerated, and none ceased this because of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity4677 is likely to be an effective anticonvulsant in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity306 and infrequent but persistent focal @entity410 .

title: @entity4677 in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX and @entity306 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: AIM: To monitor the effect of adding @entity4677 in paediatric @entity1 with @entity306 and @entity302 . METHODS: A case series of eight @entity1 with @entity306 whose focal @entity410 were not adequately controlled by their current anticonvulsants were monitored after @entity4677 was added to their medications. If there was a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency, then the other anticonvulsants were discontinued. Prolonged follow-up occurred for a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS: There were seven males and one female whose ages ranged from 4 years to 17 years. All had focal onset @entity410 , while seven also had secondarily generalised tonic @entity410 . @entity4677 resulted in at least a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency in seven, with no change in one. Three were able to wean successfully to monotherapy and remained @entity410 free for over 2 years. They had a prior history of infrequent @entity410 , one to six per year. Those who continued to require multiple anticonvulsants had a prior history of more frequent @entity410 , 6-50/year. @entity4677 was well tolerated, and none ceased this because of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity4677 is likely to be an effective anticonvulsant in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity306 and infrequent but persistent focal @entity410 .

title: @entity4677 in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity302 and XXXX .

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['hemiplegic cerebral palsy']


abstract: AIM: To monitor the effect of adding @entity4677 in paediatric @entity1 with @entity306 and @entity302 . METHODS: A case series of eight @entity1 with @entity306 whose focal @entity410 were not adequately controlled by their current anticonvulsants were monitored after @entity4677 was added to their medications. If there was a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency, then the other anticonvulsants were discontinued. Prolonged follow-up occurred for a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS: There were seven males and one female whose ages ranged from 4 years to 17 years. All had focal onset @entity410 , while seven also had secondarily generalised tonic @entity410 . @entity4677 resulted in at least a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency in seven, with no change in one. Three were able to wean successfully to monotherapy and remained @entity410 free for over 2 years. They had a prior history of infrequent @entity410 , one to six per year. Those who continued to require multiple anticonvulsants had a prior history of more frequent @entity410 , 6-50/year. @entity4677 was well tolerated, and none ceased this because of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity4677 is likely to be an effective anticonvulsant in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity306 and infrequent but persistent focal @entity410 .

title: @entity4677 in XXXX and adolescents with @entity302 and @entity306 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']