abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 plus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (LV) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) previously treated with @entity8253 and @entity6023 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 @entity1 were treated with @entity901 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1, LV 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus @entity1487 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of @entity1487 600 mg/m(2)/day for 2 consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range 34-75). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had received three or more chemotherapeutic regimens, 64% had three or four metastatic sites and 78% had visceral metastases. All @entity1 had prior exposure to @entity8253 and @entity6023 . Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, one @entity1 (2%) achieved a complete response and 16 (32%) a partial response, for a 34% overall response rate. Twenty-one @entity1 (42%) had stable disease and 12 (24%) progressive disease. The median time to @entity5 progression was 5.3 months (range 0.5-12.8) and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range 0.5-19.2). @entity137 was mild to moderate. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 occurred in 32% and 18%, respectively. @entity1398 was experienced by three @entity1 (6%), who were successfully treated. Grade 3/4 @entity2359 was reported in 14% of the @entity1 and gradually declined after treatment discontinuation. Cycle delays were reported in 28% of @entity1 and dose reductions in 26%. @entity1665 , @entity1209 , @entity294 and @entity33 were not significant. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity901 plus @entity1487 /LV seems to be an active regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 and prior exposure to @entity8253 and @entity6023 with a good safety profile. The incidence of severe @entity137 was quite low and the compliance of @entity1 to the treatment was satisfactory. The results obtained with this regimen could be considered encouraging in this heavily pretreated group of @entity0 @entity1 with a high incidence of visceral metastases.

title: @entity901 plus high-dose XXXX and @entity1487 in pretreated @entity0 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 plus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (LV) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) previously treated with @entity8253 and @entity6023 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 @entity1 were treated with @entity901 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1, LV 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus @entity1487 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of @entity1487 600 mg/m(2)/day for 2 consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range 34-75). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had received three or more chemotherapeutic regimens, 64% had three or four metastatic sites and 78% had visceral metastases. All @entity1 had prior exposure to @entity8253 and @entity6023 . Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, one @entity1 (2%) achieved a complete response and 16 (32%) a partial response, for a 34% overall response rate. Twenty-one @entity1 (42%) had stable disease and 12 (24%) progressive disease. The median time to @entity5 progression was 5.3 months (range 0.5-12.8) and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range 0.5-19.2). @entity137 was mild to moderate. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 occurred in 32% and 18%, respectively. @entity1398 was experienced by three @entity1 (6%), who were successfully treated. Grade 3/4 @entity2359 was reported in 14% of the @entity1 and gradually declined after treatment discontinuation. Cycle delays were reported in 28% of @entity1 and dose reductions in 26%. @entity1665 , @entity1209 , @entity294 and @entity33 were not significant. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity901 plus @entity1487 /LV seems to be an active regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 and prior exposure to @entity8253 and @entity6023 with a good safety profile. The incidence of severe @entity137 was quite low and the compliance of @entity1 to the treatment was satisfactory. The results obtained with this regimen could be considered encouraging in this heavily pretreated group of @entity0 @entity1 with a high incidence of visceral metastases.

title: @entity901 plus high-dose @entity4181 and @entity1487 in pretreated XXXX : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea-vomiting']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 plus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (LV) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) previously treated with @entity8253 and @entity6023 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 @entity1 were treated with @entity901 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1, LV 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus @entity1487 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of @entity1487 600 mg/m(2)/day for 2 consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range 34-75). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had received three or more chemotherapeutic regimens, 64% had three or four metastatic sites and 78% had visceral metastases. All @entity1 had prior exposure to @entity8253 and @entity6023 . Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, one @entity1 (2%) achieved a complete response and 16 (32%) a partial response, for a 34% overall response rate. Twenty-one @entity1 (42%) had stable disease and 12 (24%) progressive disease. The median time to @entity5 progression was 5.3 months (range 0.5-12.8) and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range 0.5-19.2). @entity137 was mild to moderate. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 occurred in 32% and 18%, respectively. @entity1398 was experienced by three @entity1 (6%), who were successfully treated. Grade 3/4 @entity2359 was reported in 14% of the @entity1 and gradually declined after treatment discontinuation. Cycle delays were reported in 28% of @entity1 and dose reductions in 26%. @entity1665 , @entity1209 , @entity294 and @entity33 were not significant. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity901 plus @entity1487 /LV seems to be an active regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 and prior exposure to @entity8253 and @entity6023 with a good safety profile. The incidence of severe @entity137 was quite low and the compliance of @entity1 to the treatment was satisfactory. The results obtained with this regimen could be considered encouraging in this heavily pretreated group of @entity0 @entity1 with a high incidence of visceral metastases.

title: XXXX plus high-dose @entity4181 and @entity1487 in pretreated @entity0 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['Oxaliplatin']


abstract: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) carrying inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity2008 are associated with a good prognosis. However, studies of this @entity3052 subtype have been hampered by the few number of @entity1 reported, frequently collectively considered with those with @entity3052 carrying the t(8;21) translocation. We performed a retrospective study in 110 @entity1 with @entity3052 (median age, 34 years) prospectively enrolled in 6 trials conducted in France between 1987 and 1998, with the aim to investigate prognostic factors for complete remission (CR) achievement and outcome of CR @entity1 in this @entity3052 subtype. CR rate was 93%. Bad-prognosis factors for CR achievement were higher white blood cell count (WBC) and lower platelet count (optimal cutpoints at 120 and 30 x 109/L, respectively). At 3 years, estimated overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse were 58%, 48%, and 42%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, (1) advanced age (optimal cutpoint, 35 years) was the only factor for shorter DFS and (2) advanced age and low platelet count were the 2 factors for shorter survival of CR @entity1 . Outcome of CR @entity1 (1) was not influenced by WBC and cytogenetic findings and (2) was similar among @entity1 allocated to receive allogeneic transplantation, high-dose, or intermediate-dose @entity2592 . Interestingly, advanced age was associated with a trend for more frequent additional chromosome abnormalities and predictive of higher cumulative incidence of relapse rather than death in first CR. These results markedly contrast with those reported in @entity1 with t(8;21) @entity3052 in whom WBC, and not age, was the main high-risk factor for relapse, DFS, and survival.

title: Prognosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity3052 ( XXXX ): a survey of 110 cases from the French @entity3052 Intergroup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukemias', 'AML', 'AMLs', 'inv(16)/t(16;16) AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) carrying inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity2008 are associated with a good prognosis. However, studies of this @entity3052 subtype have been hampered by the few number of @entity1 reported, frequently collectively considered with those with @entity3052 carrying the t(8;21) translocation. We performed a retrospective study in 110 @entity1 with @entity3052 (median age, 34 years) prospectively enrolled in 6 trials conducted in France between 1987 and 1998, with the aim to investigate prognostic factors for complete remission (CR) achievement and outcome of CR @entity1 in this @entity3052 subtype. CR rate was 93%. Bad-prognosis factors for CR achievement were higher white blood cell count (WBC) and lower platelet count (optimal cutpoints at 120 and 30 x 109/L, respectively). At 3 years, estimated overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse were 58%, 48%, and 42%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, (1) advanced age (optimal cutpoint, 35 years) was the only factor for shorter DFS and (2) advanced age and low platelet count were the 2 factors for shorter survival of CR @entity1 . Outcome of CR @entity1 (1) was not influenced by WBC and cytogenetic findings and (2) was similar among @entity1 allocated to receive allogeneic transplantation, high-dose, or intermediate-dose @entity2592 . Interestingly, advanced age was associated with a trend for more frequent additional chromosome abnormalities and predictive of higher cumulative incidence of relapse rather than death in first CR. These results markedly contrast with those reported in @entity1 with t(8;21) @entity3052 in whom WBC, and not age, was the main high-risk factor for relapse, DFS, and survival.

title: Prognosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ): a survey of 110 cases from the French XXXX Intergroup.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) carrying inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity2008 are associated with a good prognosis. However, studies of this @entity3052 subtype have been hampered by the few number of @entity1 reported, frequently collectively considered with those with @entity3052 carrying the t(8;21) translocation. We performed a retrospective study in 110 @entity1 with @entity3052 (median age, 34 years) prospectively enrolled in 6 trials conducted in France between 1987 and 1998, with the aim to investigate prognostic factors for complete remission (CR) achievement and outcome of CR @entity1 in this @entity3052 subtype. CR rate was 93%. Bad-prognosis factors for CR achievement were higher white blood cell count (WBC) and lower platelet count (optimal cutpoints at 120 and 30 x 109/L, respectively). At 3 years, estimated overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse were 58%, 48%, and 42%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, (1) advanced age (optimal cutpoint, 35 years) was the only factor for shorter DFS and (2) advanced age and low platelet count were the 2 factors for shorter survival of CR @entity1 . Outcome of CR @entity1 (1) was not influenced by WBC and cytogenetic findings and (2) was similar among @entity1 allocated to receive allogeneic transplantation, high-dose, or intermediate-dose @entity2592 . Interestingly, advanced age was associated with a trend for more frequent additional chromosome abnormalities and predictive of higher cumulative incidence of relapse rather than death in first CR. These results markedly contrast with those reported in @entity1 with t(8;21) @entity3052 in whom WBC, and not age, was the main high-risk factor for relapse, DFS, and survival.

title: Prognosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) XXXX ( @entity3052 ): a survey of 110 cases from the French @entity3052 Intergroup.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to monitor the efficacy of treatment, morbidity and mortality over a 10-year period in 939 moderate to severe @entity101 @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated in the same @entity101 clinic with the beta 1-selective agent @entity2165 , administered either alone or more usually with a diuretic with or without a vasodilator or other agents. Survival rates were compared with predicted survival rates, had the @entity101 not been treated, and also with those of a local reference population matched for age and sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.1 years, mean blood pressure (BP) was significantly lowered from 183/109 to 145/87 mmHg. Biochemical disturbance was minimal. There were 79 withdrawals from treatment, of whom 37 were lost to follow-up. There were 91 deaths on intention to treat. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) on treatment, and not initial BP, was a powerful predictor of mortality. @entity1 of all age groups with well-controlled SBP were less likely to die, particularly from @entity583 , than those with less well controlled SBP (P less than 0.001). However, due to possible J-curve relationships between treated BP and outcome, lowering SBP below 140-150 mmHg in the elderly, and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below about 85 mmHg, may not be beneficial. Total mortality and mortality due to @entity583 was about 60% [corrected], of predicted level, had a high BP not been treated, being similar to that in a local reference control population (age- and sex-matched). The death rate from @entity64 was reduced to about 50% of that predicted. @entity1 who died showed a mean fall in mean serum @entity412 concentration in contrast to the mean increase that occurred in survivors. It is concluded that @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity101 who obtain a high level of general health care and optimal control of BP for up to 10 years, experience a significant decrease in total mortality rate and death from @entity583 and @entity64 .

title: Low mortality from all causes, including @entity583 , in well-controlled XXXX treated with a beta-blocker plus other antihypertensives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to monitor the efficacy of treatment, morbidity and mortality over a 10-year period in 939 moderate to severe @entity101 @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated in the same @entity101 clinic with the beta 1-selective agent @entity2165 , administered either alone or more usually with a diuretic with or without a vasodilator or other agents. Survival rates were compared with predicted survival rates, had the @entity101 not been treated, and also with those of a local reference population matched for age and sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.1 years, mean blood pressure (BP) was significantly lowered from 183/109 to 145/87 mmHg. Biochemical disturbance was minimal. There were 79 withdrawals from treatment, of whom 37 were lost to follow-up. There were 91 deaths on intention to treat. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) on treatment, and not initial BP, was a powerful predictor of mortality. @entity1 of all age groups with well-controlled SBP were less likely to die, particularly from @entity583 , than those with less well controlled SBP (P less than 0.001). However, due to possible J-curve relationships between treated BP and outcome, lowering SBP below 140-150 mmHg in the elderly, and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below about 85 mmHg, may not be beneficial. Total mortality and mortality due to @entity583 was about 60% [corrected], of predicted level, had a high BP not been treated, being similar to that in a local reference control population (age- and sex-matched). The death rate from @entity64 was reduced to about 50% of that predicted. @entity1 who died showed a mean fall in mean serum @entity412 concentration in contrast to the mean increase that occurred in survivors. It is concluded that @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity101 who obtain a high level of general health care and optimal control of BP for up to 10 years, experience a significant decrease in total mortality rate and death from @entity583 and @entity64 .

title: Low mortality from all causes, including XXXX , in well-controlled @entity101 treated with a beta-blocker plus other antihypertensives.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the incidence of and mortality from @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have declined in most industrialized countries, incidence studies of @entity64 have shown less consistent trends. This study examines time trends in the incidence of @entity64 and case fatality rates in relation to socioeconomic circumstances and history of @entity583 . METHODS: @entity64 incidence in the city of Malm  , Sweden (250,000 citizens), has been continuously monitored since 1989. All @entity1 50 to 79 years of age who experienced a first-ever @entity64 between 1989 and 1998 were included. RESULTS: We included 3621 @entity1 (1969 @entity1 , 1652 @entity1 ). The age-standardized incidence was 647 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for @entity1 and 400 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for @entity1 . The annual increase-3.1% in @entity1 (P<0.05) and 2.9% in @entity1 (P<0.05)-was more pronounced in the younger age groups and was lowest in areas with poor socioeconomic circumstances. We found that 13% of the @entity1 and 6% of the @entity1 had a history of @entity583 ; this proportion was stable over the study period. The average case fatality rates in 1989 to 1998 were 10% for @entity1 and 9.3% for @entity1 . Rates remained stable for @entity1 but declined significantly in @entity1 (odds ratio per year, 0.895; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: In this urban population, @entity64 incidence increased between 1989 and 1998. The rate of increase tended to be lower in residential areas with least favorable socioeconomic circumstances. The proportion with a history of @entity583 remained unchanged during the study period. There has been significant improvement in the case fatality rate in @entity1 but not in @entity1 .

title: Increasing XXXX incidence and decreasing case fatality, 1989-1998: a study from the @entity64 register in Malm  , Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the incidence of and mortality from @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have declined in most industrialized countries, incidence studies of @entity64 have shown less consistent trends. This study examines time trends in the incidence of @entity64 and case fatality rates in relation to socioeconomic circumstances and history of @entity583 . METHODS: @entity64 incidence in the city of Malm  , Sweden (250,000 citizens), has been continuously monitored since 1989. All @entity1 50 to 79 years of age who experienced a first-ever @entity64 between 1989 and 1998 were included. RESULTS: We included 3621 @entity1 (1969 @entity1 , 1652 @entity1 ). The age-standardized incidence was 647 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for @entity1 and 400 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for @entity1 . The annual increase-3.1% in @entity1 (P<0.05) and 2.9% in @entity1 (P<0.05)-was more pronounced in the younger age groups and was lowest in areas with poor socioeconomic circumstances. We found that 13% of the @entity1 and 6% of the @entity1 had a history of @entity583 ; this proportion was stable over the study period. The average case fatality rates in 1989 to 1998 were 10% for @entity1 and 9.3% for @entity1 . Rates remained stable for @entity1 but declined significantly in @entity1 (odds ratio per year, 0.895; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: In this urban population, @entity64 incidence increased between 1989 and 1998. The rate of increase tended to be lower in residential areas with least favorable socioeconomic circumstances. The proportion with a history of @entity583 remained unchanged during the study period. There has been significant improvement in the case fatality rate in @entity1 but not in @entity1 .

title: Increasing @entity64 incidence and decreasing case fatality, 1989-1998: a study from the XXXX register in Malm  , Sweden.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the ECG features in @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ), and related factors for the occurrence of @entity943 secondary to @entity384 . METHODS: Data from 68 @entity1 with @entity384 from January 1998 to March 2011 were studied. The @entity1 were classified into three groups: severe @entity943 (n=42), non-severe @entity943 (n=20) and non- @entity943 (n=6). Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVED), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were compared. RESULTS: Abnormal ECG results were found in all of the 68 @entity1 with @entity384 . @entity7129 (91%) and ectopic pulsatile (86%) were common. LVED in the severe @entity943 group (74  6 mm) was greater than that in the non-severe @entity943 group (65  4 mm; P<0.05) and non- @entity943 group (61  3 mm; P<0.05). LVED in the non-severe @entity943 group was also greater than that in the non- @entity943 group (P<0.05). LVEF and LVFS in the severe @entity943 group were (30  11)% and (22  4)%, respectively, which were lower than those in the non-severe @entity943 group   (37  12)% and (28  5)%, respectively   and non- @entity943 group   (45  9)% and (34  7)%, respectively   (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in the LVEF and LVFS between the non-severe @entity943 and non- @entity943 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The common abnormal ECG findings are @entity7129 and ectopic pulsatile in @entity1 with @entity384 . @entity943 is one of the main clinical manifestations of @entity384 . The occurrence of @entity943 is associated with the left ventricular size and heart function.

title: [Clinical analysis of 68 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus tachycardia', 'sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['childhood dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The form and function of blood vessels are determined by the cells that constitute their microenvironment. Brain tissue around @entity5 contains varying numbers of @entity5 cells that could influence local capillaries to lose their blood-brain barrier (BBB), as they do in the @entity5 itself. Microvascular permeability cannot be measured directly in @entity1 but can be inferred from a knowledge of vessel ultrastructure. The authors have examined the vascular ultrastructure associated with the BBB in @entity1 peritumoral brain tissue for evidence of BBB compromise and to correlate BBB features with the cellular components of the vessel microenvironment. Light microscopic examination of brain tissue samples in @entity1 with primary @entity1313 showed that the tissue lying beyond the visible edge of the @entity5 ranged from essentially normal to grossly infiltrated with @entity5 cells. Although some of the vessels were structurally normal, the microvessels as a group had elongated junctional clefts (unfused regions) and an increase in the density of endothelial vesicles. Furthermore, the cleft index (the percentage of the junctional profile that is unfused) varied directly with the local cell density. A subpopulation of vessels enveloped by a layer of @entity5 cells was grossly abnormal. However, vessels that were not immediately invested by @entity5 cells also showed some abnormalities. It is concluded that @entity5 cells infiltrating peritumoral brain tissue cause blood vessels to take on some of the structural characteristics of leaky vessels. Since direct contact is not required, and since the degree of abnormality correlates with the number of @entity5 cells in the environment, the authors suggest that this inductive influence is exerted over a distance and is dependent on the concentration of the inducing factors.

title: Quantitative study of microvessel ultrastructure in XXXX peritumoral brain tissue. Evidence for a blood-brain barrier defect.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We present the first case of a @entity1 with no significant medical history who developed dissections of bilateral carotid and bilateral vertebral arteries, as well as a @entity732 , after a roller coaster ride. A 35-year-old @entity1 developed right-sided @entity4048 followed by a frontal @entity10 immediately after a roller coaster ride. Five days after the incident, she developed complete @entity1018 in her right eye for two hours. Subsequently, the vision improved but remained significantly decreased. On presentation, her visual acuity was 20/200 in the right and 20/20 in the left eye. Her fundus exam revealed @entity1829 in the superotemporal retinal artery distribution without any visible emboli. Her neurological exam was otherwise normal. The cerebral angiogram showed bilateral internal carotid and @entity4066 . The @entity1 remained stable with conservative therapy without further @entity227 or any new @entity51 . Outcomes for cervicocephalic @entity4066 are usually favorable, but early diagnosis is critical for initiation of appropriate treatment of possible complications. Physicians must have a high index of suspicion for @entity4066 when @entity1 note any @entity10 , @entity4048 or vertigo triggered by violent motion after leisure activities such as roller coaster rides.

title: Bilateral internal carotid artery and XXXX with @entity732 after a roller coaster ride - case report and a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['worsening of vision']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['retinal edema']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissections', 'arterial dissection']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery dissections']


abstract: We present the first case of a @entity1 with no significant medical history who developed dissections of bilateral carotid and bilateral vertebral arteries, as well as a @entity732 , after a roller coaster ride. A 35-year-old @entity1 developed right-sided @entity4048 followed by a frontal @entity10 immediately after a roller coaster ride. Five days after the incident, she developed complete @entity1018 in her right eye for two hours. Subsequently, the vision improved but remained significantly decreased. On presentation, her visual acuity was 20/200 in the right and 20/20 in the left eye. Her fundus exam revealed @entity1829 in the superotemporal retinal artery distribution without any visible emboli. Her neurological exam was otherwise normal. The cerebral angiogram showed bilateral internal carotid and @entity4066 . The @entity1 remained stable with conservative therapy without further @entity227 or any new @entity51 . Outcomes for cervicocephalic @entity4066 are usually favorable, but early diagnosis is critical for initiation of appropriate treatment of possible complications. Physicians must have a high index of suspicion for @entity4066 when @entity1 note any @entity10 , @entity4048 or vertigo triggered by violent motion after leisure activities such as roller coaster rides.

title: Bilateral internal carotid artery and @entity4066 with XXXX after a roller coaster ride - case report and a review.

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['retinal artery occlusion']


abstract: @entity6926 is normally caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the type I collagen genes @entity13239 and @entity4173 . The severity of @entity6926 varies, ranging from perinatal lethality to a very mild phenotype. Although there have been many reports of @entity13239 and @entity4173 mutations, few cases have been reported in Chinese @entity1 . We report on five unrelated families and three sporadic cases. The mutations were detected by PCR and direct sequencing. Four mutations in @entity13239 and one in @entity4173 were found, among which three mutations were previously unreported. The mutation rates of @entity9063 at base 128 in intron 31 of the @entity13239 gene and @entity13284 at base 162 in intron 30 of the @entity4173 gene were higher than normal. The @entity1 ' clinical characteristics with the same mutation were variable even in the same family. We conclude that mutations in @entity13239 and @entity4173 also have an important role in @entity6926 in the Chinese population. As the Han Chinese @entity1 account for a quarter of the world's population, these new data contribute to the type I collagen mutation map.

title: Mutation characteristics in type I collagen genes in Chinese @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9063 :: ('c|SUB|G||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G>C']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: @entity6926 is normally caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the type I collagen genes @entity13239 and @entity4173 . The severity of @entity6926 varies, ranging from perinatal lethality to a very mild phenotype. Although there have been many reports of @entity13239 and @entity4173 mutations, few cases have been reported in Chinese @entity1 . We report on five unrelated families and three sporadic cases. The mutations were detected by PCR and direct sequencing. Four mutations in @entity13239 and one in @entity4173 were found, among which three mutations were previously unreported. The mutation rates of @entity9063 at base 128 in intron 31 of the @entity13239 gene and @entity13284 at base 162 in intron 30 of the @entity4173 gene were higher than normal. The @entity1 ' clinical characteristics with the same mutation were variable even in the same family. We conclude that mutations in @entity13239 and @entity4173 also have an important role in @entity6926 in the Chinese population. As the Han Chinese @entity1 account for a quarter of the world's population, these new data contribute to the type I collagen mutation map.

title: Mutation characteristics in type I collagen genes in Chinese XXXX with @entity6926 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypothermic bypass with @entity1167 for @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) repair is employed for its protective effect on spinal cord function and because it avoids clamping the diseased aorta. However, @entity881 caused by @entity5721 as well as @entity548 tendencies due to deep @entity2332 have been described. In this paper we compared the efficacies of the hypothermic and normothermic operations. METHODS: Between February 1996 and June 2000, 28 @entity1 underwent thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Twenty-three @entity1 were @entity1 , 5 were @entity1 , and the median age was 55.3 (range 23 to 75 years). Fourteen @entity1 had @entity1580 , and 7 had @entity1614 . Fourteen @entity1 required reconstruction of visceral arteries. Twelve @entity1 underwent @entity2334 repair under deep hypothermic @entity1167 (H group), and 15 under normothermic distal perfusion (N group), while 1 @entity1 underwent a simple clamp procedure. Perioperative data and early outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: The overall 30-day mortality rate was 0%, but 3 @entity1 (25.0%) in II group, and 1 @entity1 (6.3%) in N group died during hospital stay. Operation time and bypass time were longer in H group than N group (operative time 793 min vs. 481 min (p < 0.05): cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time 255 min vs. 102 min (p < 0.05). Also, more @entity954 was found in H group than in N group (3,506 ml vs. 1,220 ml). @entity51 did not occur in either group. @entity1576 occurred in 3 @entity1 (25.0%) in H group and one (6.3%) in N group. @entity177 occurred in 3 (25.0%) in H group, and none in N group. CONCLUSION: Early and mid-term outcome of @entity2334 repair was almost satisfactory and without @entity532 . The deep hypothermic operation is more likely to induce postoperative respiratory and @entity8 than the normothermic operation. @entity2334 repair using deep hypothermic @entity1167 should be limited to @entity1 with @entity2334 involving the distal arch or a severely calcified aortic wall.

title: [Comparative study of hypothermic @entity1167 and normothermic distal perfusion for XXXX repair].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['neurospiral complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypothermic bypass with @entity1167 for @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) repair is employed for its protective effect on spinal cord function and because it avoids clamping the diseased aorta. However, @entity881 caused by @entity5721 as well as @entity548 tendencies due to deep @entity2332 have been described. In this paper we compared the efficacies of the hypothermic and normothermic operations. METHODS: Between February 1996 and June 2000, 28 @entity1 underwent thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Twenty-three @entity1 were @entity1 , 5 were @entity1 , and the median age was 55.3 (range 23 to 75 years). Fourteen @entity1 had @entity1580 , and 7 had @entity1614 . Fourteen @entity1 required reconstruction of visceral arteries. Twelve @entity1 underwent @entity2334 repair under deep hypothermic @entity1167 (H group), and 15 under normothermic distal perfusion (N group), while 1 @entity1 underwent a simple clamp procedure. Perioperative data and early outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: The overall 30-day mortality rate was 0%, but 3 @entity1 (25.0%) in II group, and 1 @entity1 (6.3%) in N group died during hospital stay. Operation time and bypass time were longer in H group than N group (operative time 793 min vs. 481 min (p < 0.05): cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time 255 min vs. 102 min (p < 0.05). Also, more @entity954 was found in H group than in N group (3,506 ml vs. 1,220 ml). @entity51 did not occur in either group. @entity1576 occurred in 3 @entity1 (25.0%) in H group and one (6.3%) in N group. @entity177 occurred in 3 (25.0%) in H group, and none in N group. CONCLUSION: Early and mid-term outcome of @entity2334 repair was almost satisfactory and without @entity532 . The deep hypothermic operation is more likely to induce postoperative respiratory and @entity8 than the normothermic operation. @entity2334 repair using deep hypothermic @entity1167 should be limited to @entity1 with @entity2334 involving the distal arch or a severely calcified aortic wall.

title: [Comparative study of hypothermic XXXX and normothermic distal perfusion for @entity2334 repair].

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: We have previously reported an increased prevalence of elevated blood pressure in Hispanic adolescent males. The pressure elevation did not correlate with weight. In this study, we evaluated the response to antihypertensive therapy of eight adolescent Hispanic males found to have elevated pressure during high school screening. All @entity1 were placed on placebo tablets b.i.d. for 2 weeks with weekly blood pressure readings. Those with persistently elevated pressures (at or above the 95th percentile) underwent laboratory testing, exercise testing, and echocardiography. An age-matched group of Hispanic adolescents with blood pressure recording below the 90th percentile were also exercised. @entity1 were then placed on 0.1 mg @entity1338 b.i.d. for 12 weeks. Pretherapy exercise testing demonstrated an abnormal systolic @entity101 response (mean 193 +/- 43 mmHg) that improved after therapy (mean 167 +/- 28 mmHg). Echocardiographic data were normal. All @entity1 had elevated levels of VLDL and @entity1674 . Five @entity1 also had HDL levels below the 50th percentile for age and sex. We conclude that this population is similar to other @entity101 adolescent populations in exercise response pre- and posttherapy with @entity1338 , but they demonstrated a unique clinical feature in the elevation of the VLDL and @entity412 lipoprotein fractions.

title: Clinical parameters of adolescent Hispanic male XXXX subjects: a new subject?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) is currently being used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity309 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two classes of drugs, @entity230 and @entity8834 , on @entity6822 synovial fluid concentrations. A novel @entity235 model of @entity32 was used, in which each animal served as its own control with both inflamed and normal knees in the same animal. After the 6-week immunization process, animals in each group received either no drug (control), @entity229 or @entity117 (low dose and high dose) for 1 week before @entity6822 . On the day of the study, each animal was given i.v. @entity6822 , and serial serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained. Laboratory, histologic and clinical observations supported the presence of @entity32 . The end-of-infusion synovial @entity6822 concentration in inflamed knees was significantly greater than in normal knees (P less than .05), but, 2 hr after the end of infusion, they were not different. The end-of-infusion ratio of synovial fluid @entity6822 concentration to serum @entity6822 concentration (both total and unbound) was significantly lower in the @entity229 group than in the other treatment groups (P less than .05). The end-of-infusion ratio of the @entity6822 synovial concentration in the inflamed knee compared with the normal knee at 2 hr was significantly lower in the @entity229 group than in the other three treatment groups (P less than .05). These results have therapeutic implications for the use of @entity6822 in treating @entity309 .

title: Influence of concomitant XXXX or @entity229 on @entity1499 synovial fluid concentration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['monoarticular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8834 :: ('MESH:D012459', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylates']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) is currently being used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity309 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two classes of drugs, @entity230 and @entity8834 , on @entity6822 synovial fluid concentrations. A novel @entity235 model of @entity32 was used, in which each animal served as its own control with both inflamed and normal knees in the same animal. After the 6-week immunization process, animals in each group received either no drug (control), @entity229 or @entity117 (low dose and high dose) for 1 week before @entity6822 . On the day of the study, each animal was given i.v. @entity6822 , and serial serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained. Laboratory, histologic and clinical observations supported the presence of @entity32 . The end-of-infusion synovial @entity6822 concentration in inflamed knees was significantly greater than in normal knees (P less than .05), but, 2 hr after the end of infusion, they were not different. The end-of-infusion ratio of synovial fluid @entity6822 concentration to serum @entity6822 concentration (both total and unbound) was significantly lower in the @entity229 group than in the other treatment groups (P less than .05). The end-of-infusion ratio of the @entity6822 synovial concentration in the inflamed knee compared with the normal knee at 2 hr was significantly lower in the @entity229 group than in the other three treatment groups (P less than .05). These results have therapeutic implications for the use of @entity6822 in treating @entity309 .

title: Influence of concomitant @entity117 or XXXX on @entity1499 synovial fluid concentration.

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) is currently being used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity309 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two classes of drugs, @entity230 and @entity8834 , on @entity6822 synovial fluid concentrations. A novel @entity235 model of @entity32 was used, in which each animal served as its own control with both inflamed and normal knees in the same animal. After the 6-week immunization process, animals in each group received either no drug (control), @entity229 or @entity117 (low dose and high dose) for 1 week before @entity6822 . On the day of the study, each animal was given i.v. @entity6822 , and serial serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained. Laboratory, histologic and clinical observations supported the presence of @entity32 . The end-of-infusion synovial @entity6822 concentration in inflamed knees was significantly greater than in normal knees (P less than .05), but, 2 hr after the end of infusion, they were not different. The end-of-infusion ratio of synovial fluid @entity6822 concentration to serum @entity6822 concentration (both total and unbound) was significantly lower in the @entity229 group than in the other treatment groups (P less than .05). The end-of-infusion ratio of the @entity6822 synovial concentration in the inflamed knee compared with the normal knee at 2 hr was significantly lower in the @entity229 group than in the other three treatment groups (P less than .05). These results have therapeutic implications for the use of @entity6822 in treating @entity309 .

title: Influence of concomitant @entity117 or @entity229 on XXXX synovial fluid concentration.

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: To determine the frequency of @entity74 ( @entity8 ) in @entity1 and to compare the rate of progression of these conditions, we conducted a retrospective survey of 48 @entity1 who were seen with @entity8 before 1 year of age and who survived the first month of age. Seventeen @entity1 had recessive @entity8 ; six had dominant @entity8 . Eighteen @entity1 had insufficient data to categorize the type of @entity8 with certainty. Seven @entity1 were classified as "other"; three had @entity66 and the remainder had multiple @entity600 or @entity2916 . Renal ultrasonography and excretory urography accurately detected 15 of 17 @entity1 with recessive @entity8 , but only one @entity1 with dominant @entity8 was correctly diagnosed by excretory urography. The majority of @entity1 in all groups required antihypertensive therapy. The 17 @entity1 with recessive @entity8 have been followed up for 6.1 +/- 4.3 (SD) years. Eight @entity1 are doing well. Two @entity1 have died; five others have required treatment for @entity177 . Only one @entity1 has an estimated glomerular filtration rate within the normal range after 6 years of age. Long-term evaluation of most of the @entity1 with dominant @entity8 is not yet available; however, by age 42 months one @entity1 has required dialysis. To provide optimum genetic counseling and accurate diagnosis for @entity1 with @entity8 , a combination of careful family evaluation, radiography, and liver or kidney biopsy is required. The outcome of @entity1 who survive the neonatal period appears not to be so grim as previously feared, underscoring the importance of aggressive supportive care and the need for physician and family education.

title: XXXX in the first year of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulocystic disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation syndromes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECT: The objective of this study was to identify specific independent risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) occurring after laminectomy or spinal fusion. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective case-control study of data obtained in @entity1 between 1996 and 1999 who had undergone laminectomy and/or spinal fusion. Forty-one @entity1 with SSI or @entity693 were identified, and data were compared with those acquired in 178 uninfected control @entity1 . Risk factors for SSI were determined using univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. The spinal surgery-related SSI rate (incisional and organ space) during the 4-year study period was 2.8%. Independent risk factors for SSI identified by multivariate analysis were @entity86 (odds ratio [OR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9-22.8), posterior approach (OR 8.2, 95% CI 2-33.5), procedure for @entity5 resection (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.7-22.3), and @entity5845 (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.9-14.2). In @entity1 with SSI the postoperative hospital length of stay was significantly longer than that in uninfected @entity1 (median 6 and 3 days, respectively; p < 0.001) and were readmitted to the hospital for a median additional 6 days for treatment of their @entity281 . Repeated surgery due to the @entity281 was required in the majority (73%) of infected @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 , posterior approach, surgery for @entity5 resection, and @entity5845 were independent risk factors predictive of SSI following spinal surgery. Interventions to reduce the risk for these potentially devastating infections need to be developed.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in spinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative incontinence', 'postoperative incontinence']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that the progression of @entity731 in the Reversa @entity19 (Ldlr(-/- @entity9331 /100Mttpfl/fl) Mx1Cre(+/+)) was arrested when the @entity407 was normalized by inactivating the gene for microsomal @entity412 transfer protein. Here, we tested whether @entity731 would regress if the lipid levels were reduced after advanced plaques formed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Reversa @entity19 were fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were then reduced. Within 2 weeks, this reduction led to decreased monocyte-derived ( @entity18901 (+)) cells in @entity731 and was associated with emigration of these cells out of plaques. In addition, the fall in lipid levels was accompanied by lower plaque lipid content and by reduced expression in plaque @entity18901 (+) cells of inflammatory genes and higher expression of genes for markers of antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Plaque composition was affected more than plaque size, with the decreased content of lipid and @entity18901 (+) cells balanced by a higher content of collagen. When the reduced lipid level was combined with the administration of @entity12098 to simulate the clinical aggressive lipid management and proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist treatment, the rate of depletion of plaque @entity18901 (+) cells was unaffected, but there was a further increase in their expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers. CONCLUSION: The Reversa @entity19 is a new model of @entity731 regression. After lipid lowering, favorable changes in plaque composition were independent of changes in size. In addition, plaque @entity18901 (+) cells became less inflammatory, an effect enhanced by treatment with @entity12098 .

title: Reversal of XXXX with a genetic switch favorably affects the content and inflammatory state of macrophages in @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that the progression of @entity731 in the Reversa @entity19 (Ldlr(-/- @entity9331 /100Mttpfl/fl) Mx1Cre(+/+)) was arrested when the @entity407 was normalized by inactivating the gene for microsomal @entity412 transfer protein. Here, we tested whether @entity731 would regress if the lipid levels were reduced after advanced plaques formed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Reversa @entity19 were fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were then reduced. Within 2 weeks, this reduction led to decreased monocyte-derived ( @entity18901 (+)) cells in @entity731 and was associated with emigration of these cells out of plaques. In addition, the fall in lipid levels was accompanied by lower plaque lipid content and by reduced expression in plaque @entity18901 (+) cells of inflammatory genes and higher expression of genes for markers of antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Plaque composition was affected more than plaque size, with the decreased content of lipid and @entity18901 (+) cells balanced by a higher content of collagen. When the reduced lipid level was combined with the administration of @entity12098 to simulate the clinical aggressive lipid management and proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist treatment, the rate of depletion of plaque @entity18901 (+) cells was unaffected, but there was a further increase in their expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers. CONCLUSION: The Reversa @entity19 is a new model of @entity731 regression. After lipid lowering, favorable changes in plaque composition were independent of changes in size. In addition, plaque @entity18901 (+) cells became less inflammatory, an effect enhanced by treatment with @entity12098 .

title: Reversal of @entity407 with a genetic switch favorably affects the content and inflammatory state of macrophages in XXXX .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to determine the incidence and causative pathogens of @entity4034 and @entity5414 in Icelandic @entity1 , as well as presenting symptoms and diagnosis. METHODS: A nationwide retrospective review was done of all @entity1 <18 year old, 1996-2005. Subjects were divided into three equal age groups, 0-5, 6-11 and 12-17 years old. Cultures were reviewed and postive and negative cases compared. RESULTS: Over the study period 220 cases were identified, 161 @entity4034 and 59 @entity5414 cases. The incidence increased significantly over the period (p=0.019), mostly in the youngest age group (p<0.001) with @entity4034 . Incidence of cases with a pathogen identified was unchanged over the period while culture negative cases increased significantly (p<0.001). Median age for @entity4034 (6,1 years) was higher than in cases of septic arthitis (1,8 years) (p=0.003). A pathogen was identified in 59% of cases with @entity4034 and 44% with @entity5414 . @entity794 was most common (65% and 27%, respectively) and K. kingae was second most common pathogen (7% and 11%, respectively). Methicillin resistant @entity794 was not identified. The tibia and knee were the predominant sites for @entity4034 and @entity5414 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An increased incidence was found in the youngest age group with @entity4034 , especially in cases without a pathogen identified. The most commonly cultured pathogen was @entity794 , followed by K. kingae. A more sensitive technique to identify pathogens might be indicated in culture negative cases.

title: [Bacterial osteomyelitis and arthritis in Icelandic XXXX 1996-2005].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Foliar morphology and chemical composition were examined along a light gradient in the canopies of five deciduous temperate woody species, ranked according to shade-tolerance as Populus tremula L. < Fraxinus excelsior L. < Tilia cordata Mill. = Corylus avellana L. < Fagus sylvatica L. Foliar @entity505 was divided between structural (cell-wall polysaccharides, lignin) and nonstructural (proteins, @entity1068 -soluble @entity3363 , starch) fractions. Foliar morphology of all species was strongly affected by irradiance. Both leaf dry mass per area (M(A)), a product of leaf density and thickness, and leaf dry to fresh mass ratio (D(w)), characterizing the apoplastic leaf fraction, increased with increasing relative irradiance (I(sum), calculated as the weighted mean of fractional penetration of diffuse and direct irradiance). Though the relationships were qualitatively identical among the taxa, more shade-tolerant species generally had lower values of M(A) than shade-intolerant species, and their morphological relationships with irradiance were curvilinear; however, there were no signs of saturation even at the highest irradiances in shade-intolerant species. In all species, lignin concentrations increased and cell-wall polysaccharide concentrations decreased with increasing irradiance. Consequently, biomass investment in structural leaf components appeared to be relatively constant along light gradients. The relationship between irradiance and structural compounds tended to be asymptotic in the more shade-tolerant species, whereas M(A) was linearly correlated with concentrations of structural leaf components, suggesting that similar factors were responsible for the curvature in the morphological and chemical relationships with irradiance. Because lignin increases tissue elastic modulus thereby rendering leaves more resistant to low leaf water potentials, we conclude that changes in stoichiometry of cell wall components were related to foliage acclimation to the gradients of water deficit that develop in the canopy and inherently accompany light gradients. We also conclude that increased lignification decreased leaf expansion growth, and that species differences in lignification were partly responsible for the observed interspecific variability in morphological plasticity. Analysis of structural leaf compounds provided no indication of how shade-intolerant species with low investments in lignin acclimated to gradients of water availability in the canopy. Because shade-intolerant species generally had higher capacities for photosynthesis than shade-tolerant species, we postulated that they should also have a greater ability for osmotic adjustment of leaf water potential with photosynthates. The concentrations of soluble @entity3363 increased with increasing irradiance in all species; however, the osmotic adjustment achieved in this way was similar in all species, except for shade-intolerant F. excelsior, which had a lower potential for osmotic adjustment with @entity3363 than the other taxa. Although we did not determine whether the gradients of stem water potential and leaf water deficits were similar in canopies of different species, we demonstrated that water relations play a central role in determining foliar structure and composition along light gradients in the canopy.

title: Stoichiometry of foliar XXXX constituents varies along light gradients in temperate woody canopies: implications for foliage morphological plasticity.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Elevated plasma levels of @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ), known as @entity3562 ( @entity3562 ), are associated with @entity170 . A decrease in bone blood flow is a potential cause of compromised bone mechanical properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that @entity3562 decreases bone blood flow and biomechanical properties. To test this hypothesis, male @entity35 were treated with @entity5784 (0.67 g/L) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Age-matched @entity35 served as controls. At the end of the treatment period, the @entity35 were anesthetized. Blood samples were collected from experimental or control @entity35 . Biochemical turnover markers (body weight, @entity5784 , @entity2186 , and @entity1501 ) were measured. Systolic blood pressure was measured from the right carotid artery. Tibia blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flow probe. The results indicated that @entity5784 levels were significantly higher in the @entity5784 -treated group than in control @entity35 , whereas @entity2186 levels were lower in the @entity5784 -treated group compared with control @entity35 . There was no significant difference in @entity1501 concentration and blood pressure in @entity5784 -treated versus control @entity35 . The tibial blood flow index of the control group was significantly higher (0.78    0.09 flow unit) compared with the @entity5784 -treated group (0.51    0.09). The tibial mass was 1.1    0.1 g in the control group and 0.9    0.1 in the @entity5784 -treated group. The tibia bone density was unchanged in @entity5784 -treated @entity35 . These results suggest that @entity5784 causes a @entity551 , which contributes to compromised bone biomechanical properties.

title: XXXX decreases bone blood flow.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['HHcy', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in bone blood flow']

answer: @entity3562 :: (MESH:D020138,Disease) :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia']


abstract: Nosocomial @entity1244 is a common complication of @entity1 in ICUs. Its diagnosis is important, and early treatment is required to avoid serious complications such as @entity55 , @entity295 , @entity693 , and intracranial abscesses. AIM: To identify the germs causing @entity1244 in ICUs by nasal swabs and maxillary sinus puncture, and to correlate these results. METHODS: ICU @entity1 with a diagnosis (CT confirmed) of @entity1180 underwent nasal swab and puncture of the sinus to collect material for culture and antibiogram. RESULTS: This study evaluated 22 @entity1 . The microbial agent isolated in the swab correlated with the agent in the puncture in 14 of 22 cases (63%). Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequent, as follows: @entity796 (29% of punctures), following by @entity795 (26%) and @entity3064 (14%). The resistance index in the antibiogram was high to antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Maxillary sinus puncture of ICU @entity1 with @entity1244 appears to be the best method for identifying bacteria; antibiograms demonstrate resistance to therapy. The swab has little diagnostic value; the correlation was 63%. It may be used when sinus puncture is contraindicated.

title: [Nosocomial XXXX in an intensive care unit: a microbiological study].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity795 :: ('MESH:D016715', 'Disease') :: ['Proteus mirabillis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumanni']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: We investigated how proximity to natural @entity515 springs affected the seasonal patterns of xylem @entity887 in Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Fraxinus ornus L., Populus tremula L. and Arbutus unedo L., which differ in leaf phenology and wood anatomy. @entity887 was evaluated in both artificially dehydrated branches and in hydrated apical branches collected at monthly intervals during a 20-month sampling period. Initial specific @entity713 was also evaluated. We found species-dependent differences in xylem hydraulic properties in response to elevated @entity515 concentration. Populus tremula was the most embolized and A. unedo was the least embolized of the species examined. Effects of elevated @entity515 were significant in Q. pubescens, P. tremula and A. unedo, whereas the overall response to elevated @entity515 was less evident in F. ornus and Q. ilex. Specific @entity713 differed among species but not between sites, although the interaction between species and site was significant. Differences in xylem vulnerability between trees growing near to the @entity515 spring and those growing in control areas were small. Although differences in hydraulic properties in response to elevated @entity515 concentration were small, they may be of great importance in determining future community composition in Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. The possible causes and ecological significance of such differences are discussed in relation to elevated @entity515 concentration and other environmental conditions.

title: XXXX and xylem vulnerability in deciduous and evergreen Mediterranean trees influenced by proximity to a carbon dioxide spring.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['hydraulic conductivity']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Xylem embolism', 'embolism']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['Seasonal embolism']


abstract: Stimulation electrodes are implanted under general anesthesia, without intra-operative electrophysiology or clinical testing, based only on stereotactic MRI and direct anatomical localization of the postero-ventro-basal @entity14243 . We retrospectively analyzed the surgical procedure that has been designed and implemented in our center, using the Leksell G frame, for initiating deep brain stimulation in 65 @entity3520 @entity1 . We report the surgical technique and the hardware and software complications. We recommend immediate postoperative stereotactic MRI under general anesthesia as a prerequisite to check the reliability of MR acquisition (magnet stability) and the exact localization of each electrode. This technique allowed us to reduce the duration of the operation to 4 h, including general anesthesia, frame fixation, MRI acquisition, implantation of two electrodes under radioscopic control, immediate postoperative stereotactic MRI and frame removal. Surgery-related morbidity was very low with a 0% @entity548 rate and three delayed @entity281 re-operated 6 months later. Hardware and software complications were rare. The advances in 3D-MR imaging permit the electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation without resorting to intraoperative localization techniques, which is especially helpful in @entity1 and for treating @entity3519 . The maximum follow-up period is 58 months (first case: November 1996). @entity14243 stimulation has proven to be an effective treatment for most @entity3520 with particular efficacy in the disease due to the @entity7922 mutation.

title: Deep brain stimulation for XXXX . Surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic syndromes', 'dystonic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral infections']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors conducted a study to identify the effectiveness and morbidity rate associated with treating cervicothoracic @entity66 ( @entity614 ) via a posterior approach. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 underwent posterior cervicothoracic laminoforaminotomy during a 5.6-year period. Medical records, imaging studies, office charts, hospital records, and phone interview data were reviewed. Specific information analyzed included @entity1 demographics, side of lesion, and conservative treatment, symptoms, and pre- and @entity282 levels. @entity158 was rated using a visual analog scale and classified into a radicular and neck component. Data in 19 @entity1 (seven @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ) who underwent 20 procedures (one @entity1 underwent separate bilateral foraminotomies) were analyzed. The mean @entity1 age was 54.8 years (range 38-73 years), and the follow-up period ranged from 23 to 62 months. Symptom duration ranged from 1 to 14 months (mean 3.4 months) and consisted of @entity425 , @entity1183 , and painful @entity614 in 11, 16, and 20 cases, respectively. Motor @entity425 was identified in 11 of 19 @entity1 (mean grade of 4.35), and postoperatively strength normalized in eight of 11 (mean grade of 4.79). The improvement in motor scores was significant (p = 0.007). @entity158 was the most common presenting symptom. @entity614 were rated between 0 and 10 (mean 7.45), and postoperatively scores were reduced to 0 to 3 (mean 0.2) which was significant (p < 0.0001). @entity4048 was rated between 0 and 8 (mean 2.55), and on follow up ranged from 0 to 2 (mean 0.5), which was also significant (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Posterior cervicothoracic foraminotomy was a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of @entity1 with laterally located disc herniations.

title: Cervicothoracic XXXX treated using posterior cervical foraminotomy/discectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disc disease']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative neck pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative radiculopathies', 'radiculopathies', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['radiculopathy']


abstract: In @entity19 and @entity1 , terminal differentiation of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells commences during endometrial decidualization. Both proliferation and @entity60 are induced. Uterine NK cell precursors appear to home from secondary lymphoid organs to decidualizing uteri and localize mesometrially to the central decidua basalis, the site of maternal arterial modification at Gestation Days (gd) 9.5-10. In @entity19 , genetic absence of uNK cells results in absence of pregnancy-induced spiral artery modification. Administration of @entity60 to uNK-negative pregnant females induces arterial modifications without fetal loss. In this study, we investigated the roles of cytokines, known in other tissues to differentiate and activate NK cells, in induction of @entity60 production in normal @entity19 implantation sites. Fecundity evaluation, implantation site morphometry, and @entity60 quantification in interleukin (IL)-12p40(0/0), @entity6026 (0/0), dual @entity12782 (0/0)/ @entity6026 (0/0) and congenic strains revealed the importance of both IL-12 and @entity6026 in the induction of spiral artery modification and @entity60 synthesis. Immediately after implantation, @entity6026 was localized transiently to decidual cells, but by gd8, @entity6026 was produced solely by uNK cells, suggesting that early uNK cells are activated by stroma and lymphocyte-derived signals maintain later uNK cell activation. Mesometrial tissue of C57Bl/6J @entity19 was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in virgin, early postimplantation, and midgestation females for expression of the heterodimeric cytokines IL-23 (composed of @entity12782 and a novel alpha chain), @entity22385 (composed of two IL-12-related chains) and @entity55232 . No expression was detected in virgin uteri. The four genes were induced by gd6, and uNK cells isolated from midgestation transcribed @entity14293 and @entity55232 . This study advances the understanding of uNK cell activation during normal pregnancy.

title: Analysis of cytokine regulators inducing interferon production by XXXX uterine natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There has been growing interest in the use of MRI in assessing @entity30 because of its lack of ionising radiation. Many MRI signs have been described in the literature, but their relative utility is unknown. METHODS: The MRIs of the bowel performed at 1.5 Tesla were blindly reviewed on 26 @entity1 with recent histology (surgery and/or colonoscopy and their associated reports) according to a dedicated pro forma. Each @entity1 's bowel was divided into nine segments. Each segment was assessed as to the presence or absence of 15 MRI signs described in the literature: abnormal @entity2287 enhancement (both subjective and objective), wall @entity4 , fat @entity4 , fat proliferation, @entity1283 , free fluid, wall nodularity, serosal blurring, mural thickening >4 mm, stricture, @entity1347 , @entity292 , abscess and layered contrast enhancement. The results were compared against a histological gold standard with a six-point scale of disease severity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: MRI correctly identified all 15 @entity1 with at least established @entity3137 , and three of eight with only mild @entity3137 . Combining these results, a positive MRI correlated highly with at least early @entity3137 (positive predictive value 95%), while the presence of established @entity3137 was unlikely if MRI was negative (negative predictive value 100%). The MRI signs found to be the most sensitive for detecting active @entity30 were those related to the bowel wall, namely, wall thickening, nodularity, contrast enhancement and @entity4 . The most specific signs were the presence of @entity1347 , layered contrast enhancement and complications ( @entity292 and abscess).

title: Relative efficacy of different MRI signs in diagnosing active XXXX , compared against a histological gold standard.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['nodal enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['multi-segmental disease']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The entire plant of Ajuga bracteosa Wall has been used to treat various @entity32 , including @entity99 , in Taiwan. AIM: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective ability of Ajuga bracteosa extract (ABE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the inhibitory action of a @entity3636 fraction of ABE (ABCE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells. @entity1575 was induced in @entity19 through the administration of @entity14605 twice a week for 8 weeks. @entity19 in three @entity14605 groups were treated daily with water and ABE throughout the duration of the experiment. RESULTS: In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells, ABCE inhibited the production of NO and/or @entity637 and also blocked the LPS-induced expression of NO synthase. ABCE inhibited the activation of NF-kB induced by LPS, associated with the abrogation of IkBa degradation, with a subsequent decrease in nuclear @entity1992 and @entity1991 protein levels. The phosphorylation of MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was also suppressed using ABCE. In the in vivo study, ABE protected the liver from injury by reducing the activity of plasma aminotransferase, and by improving the histological architecture of the liver. RT-PCR analysis showed that ABE inhibited the hepatic mRNA expression of LPS binding protein, @entity5751 , @entity637 , collagen(a1)(I), and a-smooth actin. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ABE alleviated @entity14605 -induced @entity1575 , and that this protection is probably due to the suppression of macrophage activation.

title: Anti-inflammatory properties of Ajuga bracteosa in vivo and in vitro study and their effects on @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'Hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The entire plant of Ajuga bracteosa Wall has been used to treat various @entity32 , including @entity99 , in Taiwan. AIM: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective ability of Ajuga bracteosa extract (ABE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the inhibitory action of a @entity3636 fraction of ABE (ABCE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells. @entity1575 was induced in @entity19 through the administration of @entity14605 twice a week for 8 weeks. @entity19 in three @entity14605 groups were treated daily with water and ABE throughout the duration of the experiment. RESULTS: In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells, ABCE inhibited the production of NO and/or @entity637 and also blocked the LPS-induced expression of NO synthase. ABCE inhibited the activation of NF-kB induced by LPS, associated with the abrogation of IkBa degradation, with a subsequent decrease in nuclear @entity1992 and @entity1991 protein levels. The phosphorylation of MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was also suppressed using ABCE. In the in vivo study, ABE protected the liver from injury by reducing the activity of plasma aminotransferase, and by improving the histological architecture of the liver. RT-PCR analysis showed that ABE inhibited the hepatic mRNA expression of LPS binding protein, @entity5751 , @entity637 , collagen(a1)(I), and a-smooth actin. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ABE alleviated @entity14605 -induced @entity1575 , and that this protection is probably due to the suppression of macrophage activation.

title: Anti-inflammatory properties of Ajuga bracteosa in vivo and in vitro study and their effects on XXXX model of @entity1575 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Renal precipitation of @entity414 associated with @entity5405 ( @entity5405 ) is a major complication in the management of @entity1778 , @entity706 , and other @entity5 . Management of hyperuricema has historically consisted of administration of @entity208 , hydration, alkalinization to maintain pH between 7.0 and 7.3, and in some cases diuresis. @entity208 , a @entity3624 analogue, blocks @entity3624 oxidase and formation of @entity414 . Urate oxidase converts @entity414 to @entity13579 , which is 5-10 times more soluble than @entity414 . @entity1 cannot express urate oxidase because of a nonsense mutation. Urate oxidase was initially purified from @entity11792 fungus. Treatment with this nonrecombinant product had been effective in preventing renal precipitation of @entity414 in @entity5 @entity1 , but was associated with a relatively high frequency of @entity56 . This enzyme was recently cloned from A. flavus and is now manufactured as a recombinant protein. Clinical trials have shown this drug to be more effective than @entity208 for prevention and treatment of @entity5052 in @entity1778 and @entity706 @entity1 . This drug has been approved in Europe as well as the US and several clinical trials are in progress to further determine its clinical utility in other @entity1 subsets. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss usefulness of recombinant urate oxidase, also known as rasburicase, Fasturtec, and Elitek, for the management of @entity5405 in certain @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Elitek-rasburicase: an effective means to prevent and treat @entity5052 associated with XXXX , a Meeting Report, Dallas, Texas, January 2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['TLS', 'tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['drug-sensitive cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity13579 :: ('MESH:D000481', 'Chemical') :: ['allantoin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity5405 :: (MESH:D015275,Disease) :: ['tumor lysis syndrome']


abstract: Renal precipitation of @entity414 associated with @entity5405 ( @entity5405 ) is a major complication in the management of @entity1778 , @entity706 , and other @entity5 . Management of hyperuricema has historically consisted of administration of @entity208 , hydration, alkalinization to maintain pH between 7.0 and 7.3, and in some cases diuresis. @entity208 , a @entity3624 analogue, blocks @entity3624 oxidase and formation of @entity414 . Urate oxidase converts @entity414 to @entity13579 , which is 5-10 times more soluble than @entity414 . @entity1 cannot express urate oxidase because of a nonsense mutation. Urate oxidase was initially purified from @entity11792 fungus. Treatment with this nonrecombinant product had been effective in preventing renal precipitation of @entity414 in @entity5 @entity1 , but was associated with a relatively high frequency of @entity56 . This enzyme was recently cloned from A. flavus and is now manufactured as a recombinant protein. Clinical trials have shown this drug to be more effective than @entity208 for prevention and treatment of @entity5052 in @entity1778 and @entity706 @entity1 . This drug has been approved in Europe as well as the US and several clinical trials are in progress to further determine its clinical utility in other @entity1 subsets. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss usefulness of recombinant urate oxidase, also known as rasburicase, Fasturtec, and Elitek, for the management of @entity5405 in certain @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Elitek-rasburicase: an effective means to prevent and treat XXXX associated with @entity5405 , a Meeting Report, Dallas, Texas, January 2002.

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['hyperuricemia']


abstract: @entity1374 is comparatively prevalent, and it is important to perform careful palpation of the anterior neck when @entity1 are first examined. In this paper, the latest data on and clinical characteristics of the epidemiology of @entity259 are described. According to Japanese @entity5 statistics, in 1996, the number of cases of @entity259 was 1,390 @entity1 and 5,437 @entity1 . The female to male ratio was 3.91: 1. The crude rate of @entity259 per 100,000 population was 2.3 @entity1 and 8.5 @entity1 . The age-adjusted incidence rate showed a gradual increase with age, and the peak of the age-adjusted incidence rate was over 80 years old among @entity1 , and from 70 to 80 years old among @entity1 . According to the Japanese @entity259 Registration Committee, from 1977 to 1999, @entity3557 accounted for more than 85% (30,256) of @entity259 among 35,312 @entity1 . @entity259 (1.4%) and @entity2867 (1.6%) were rare. The female to male ratio of @entity259 was 6.1: 1. Registration was made in accordance with the general rules issued by the Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery. According to the vital statistics, mortality related to @entity259 among all @entity5 -related deaths was 0.23% among @entity1 (411) and 0.76% among @entity1 (887) in 2000. The female to male ratio of mortality was 2.16: 1. The peak of mortality was from 70 to 80 years old among @entity1 , and from 80 to 90 years old among @entity1 . Most @entity1 with differentiated @entity259 had a low mortality rate, but @entity189 had a poor prognosis. Lung and bone were the main distant metastatic sites, and @entity1576 was the most common specific fatal condition.

title: [Endocrine surgery. The ninth report: the latest data on and clinical characteristics of the epidemiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'Thyroid Cancer', 'Medullary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid disease']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Previous studies with models of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) have demonstrated that leukocyte (PMN)-mediated @entity130 may be an initiating event in @entity1150 (14, 17). Since heparin (H) can prevent @entity1150 , we studied its effect on @entity1317 and @entity715 in our model. Three groups of @entity95 were treated with H either sc (73 and 147 U/kg) or iv (662 U/kg). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the 73 U/kg sc dose was ineffective. All veins had PMN accumulation, fibrin deposition and complex @entity715 formation. There was no increase in anti-Xa activity; activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) and whole blood clotting times were normal. The 147 U/kg sc and the intravenous dose did not inhibit PMN-mediated @entity130 . The endothelium was sloughed by migrating PMNs, basement membrane was exposed, and platelets adhered to it. @entity715 was completely absent in the iv dose group. This correlated with increased anti-Xa activity and prolonged APTT and whole blood clotting times. Our results indicate that heparin does not inhibit the PMN adhesion and migration which produces @entity1317 . However, the anticoagulant activity of heparin effectively reduces fibrin deposition and complex @entity715 formation.

title: Heparin inhibits fibrin, but not leukocytes, in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vein injury']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']


abstract: Effect of thermic and laser energy applied onto @entity1 in vivo gastric wall has not yet been reported in literature. In our study we evaluated the maximum amount of energy not harming the @entity1 as well as principles for secure and sufficient therapy. In 8 @entity1 hospitalized for gastric resection we applied vaporization by laser- and hydrothermosounds in this part of the stomach which should be resected. Endoscopic pictures were taken. We used a NdYAG laser (maximum performance 70 W, time of application 1-3 s) and hydrothermosounds (maximum performance 170 W, time of application 1-3 s). The stomach was resected 3-8 days following application. Comparing laser- and hydrothermosounds marks we observed a bigger area of @entity39 at hydrothermosounds marks using the same amount of energy. In histological investigation correlation between depth and diameter of @entity39 was found. After the same application time both depth and diameter of @entity39 were bigger by hydrothermosounds than by laser. Lesions reached serosa at the maximum time of application of 3 s. @entity11534 itself did not appear. Endoscopic treatment of tissue lesion by laser and thermic irradiation (vaporization of bleeding polyp pedicles, treatment of @entity5 ) is secure using the maximum energy mentioned above. @entity11534 did not appear. Bleeding lesions must be treated by higher energy because of absorption of energy by escaped blood.

title: [Effect of endoscopic hydrothermo- and laser coagulation on the XXXX stomach wall in vivo].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11534 :: ('MESH:D012700', 'Disease') :: ['Serosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Extensive cytogenetic and molecular analyses have recently helped to gain a much better understanding of the biology of @entity150 . Early studies had suggested two different pathways of @entity150 development, one characterized by chromosome 9 losses and the other by @entity876 mutations. Subsequent studies have greatly expanded these data. Overall, there is compelling evidence for two entirely different @entity150 entities. One entity consists of genetically unstable @entity5 that have many cytogenetic alterations, including @entity876 alterations in about 50% of the cases. Other cytogenetic alterations that can be found frequently in these @entity5 are deletions of 8p, 9p, 11p, 11q, and Y as well as gains of 1q, 8q, 17q, and 20q. More than 20 chromosomal regions can undergo high level DNA amplification including 17q21 ( @entity1722 ). Phenotypically, these @entity5 are characterized by a high degree of cytological atypia. Their growth pattern can be non-invasive flat ( @entity189 in situ), non-invasive papillary (pTaG3) or invasive (papillary or solid). The other, "benign" @entity150 entity is composed of @entity5 with a low level of genetic instability, a low number of cytogenetic alterations, and absence of @entity876 mutations. Morphologically, these @entity5 are papillary non-invasive @entity5 with a low degree of cytological atypia. Progression to invasively growing @entity189 is extremely rare. CONCLUSION: Molecular studies have revealed profound genetic differences between invasive and non-invasive @entity150 . This argues against the previously used combination of pTa and @entity2558 @entity5 stages as "superficial @entity150 ". The high frequency of genetic alterations in invasive @entity189 enables a markedly improved detection of @entity150 cells in voided urine using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays.

title: [Molecular genetics of XXXX progression].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer', 'urinary bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed reactions to @entity1496 contrast media (CM) account for 1-3% of @entity1 with adverse reactions to @entity1496 CM. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly documented. Although most of these reactions are T cell mediated, the involvement of dendritic cells (DC) has not been investigated sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the T cell response to @entity7568 requires DC as antigen-presenting cell and, more particularly, to evaluate the changes induced by @entity7568 on DC maturation and in vitro production of cytokines after drug stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1910 . METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes, immature monocyte-derived DC (imDC) and skin biopsies were obtained from @entity1 with delayed reactions to @entity7568 and tolerant subjects. We studied the consequences of the interaction between DC, lymphocytes and @entity7568 by phenotype analysis, proliferation and cytokine production. RESULTS: A T-cell-mediated reaction was evidenced in @entity1 biopsies, with a lymphocyte-rich, peri-vascular infiltrate. @entity7568 induced maturation of imDC from @entity1 but not from controls, with expression of the co-stimulatory markers @entity8730 , @entity2937 and @entity2936 and an increase in mean fluorescence intensity of @entity7938 , @entity2937 and HLA-DR. In the absence of DC, positive cell proliferation to @entity7568 was detected in only one @entity1 while the addition of DC produced a positive test in five of the six @entity1 . Similarly, the increase in cytokines ( @entity379 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity1356 and @entity310 ) was higher when imDC were introduced into the culture together with the culprit drug. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results provide evidence for a DC-mediated mechanism in delayed @entity56 to CM, influencing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These new insights will be helpful for designing immunotherapeutic strategies and in vitro diagnostic tests of CM-delayed reactions.

title: Recognition of XXXX by dendritic cells increases the cellular response in delayed @entity56 to contrast media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['Iodixanol', 'iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular exanthema']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

answer: @entity7568 :: (MESH:C044834,Chemical) :: ['iodixanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed reactions to @entity1496 contrast media (CM) account for 1-3% of @entity1 with adverse reactions to @entity1496 CM. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly documented. Although most of these reactions are T cell mediated, the involvement of dendritic cells (DC) has not been investigated sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the T cell response to @entity7568 requires DC as antigen-presenting cell and, more particularly, to evaluate the changes induced by @entity7568 on DC maturation and in vitro production of cytokines after drug stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1910 . METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes, immature monocyte-derived DC (imDC) and skin biopsies were obtained from @entity1 with delayed reactions to @entity7568 and tolerant subjects. We studied the consequences of the interaction between DC, lymphocytes and @entity7568 by phenotype analysis, proliferation and cytokine production. RESULTS: A T-cell-mediated reaction was evidenced in @entity1 biopsies, with a lymphocyte-rich, peri-vascular infiltrate. @entity7568 induced maturation of imDC from @entity1 but not from controls, with expression of the co-stimulatory markers @entity8730 , @entity2937 and @entity2936 and an increase in mean fluorescence intensity of @entity7938 , @entity2937 and HLA-DR. In the absence of DC, positive cell proliferation to @entity7568 was detected in only one @entity1 while the addition of DC produced a positive test in five of the six @entity1 . Similarly, the increase in cytokines ( @entity379 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity1356 and @entity310 ) was higher when imDC were introduced into the culture together with the culprit drug. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results provide evidence for a DC-mediated mechanism in delayed @entity56 to CM, influencing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These new insights will be helpful for designing immunotherapeutic strategies and in vitro diagnostic tests of CM-delayed reactions.

title: Recognition of @entity7568 by dendritic cells increases the cellular response in delayed XXXX to contrast media.

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reactions']