abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ) has proven efficacy in the therapy of @entity29 . Its teratogenicity is demonstrated in animal studies when used at very high doses, whereas @entity1 data suggest that @entity7275 at maintenance doses is safe. We report the outcome of 72 pregnancies in @entity1 with @entity29 who were previously treated with @entity7275 with three different doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/d, for a median duration of 18 months, along with long-term follow-up of the @entity1 . METHODS: We have compared the outcome of pregnancies and development of the offspring in the following two groups: group 1, @entity1 with @entity29 who conceived 6 months to 22 years after stopping @entity7275 (median 72 months); and group 2, @entity1 with @entity29 who never received @entity7275 prior to conception. All pregnancies were evaluated in terms of outcome: live full-term birth, @entity3465 , stillbirth, @entity2208 , @entity5849 , and therapeutic dilatation and curettage. Data on @entity1 were obtained regarding birth weight, @entity154 , and development. RESULTS: Group 1 included 72 pregnancies carried by 29 @entity1 . There were 51 live births (4 premature), 16 @entity2208 , 1 stillbirth, 2 therapeutic abortions due to abnormal amniocentesis, and 2 ectopic pregnancies. The total incidence of fetal loss was 29.2%. In group 2, 75 @entity1 had 140 pregnancies resulting in 120 live births (8 premature), 18 @entity2208 , and 2 stillbirths. There were no cases of ectopic pregnancies or abnormal amniocentesis. The total incidence of fetal loss was 14.3%. There was no increase in the incidence of @entity245 when the mothers had been treated with @entity7275 prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fetal loss is higher in @entity1 with @entity29 who had been previously treated with @entity7275 compared with those who had not. Whether this was related to the older age at conception in @entity7275 group, longer duration of disease, initially more severe disease, or use of @entity7275 we cannot tell.

title: Complications of pregnancy and @entity1 development after cessation of treatment with XXXX for @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions', 'spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-Mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancy']

answer: @entity4446 :: (MESH:D015122,Chemical) :: ['6-mercaptopurine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ) has proven efficacy in the therapy of @entity29 . Its teratogenicity is demonstrated in animal studies when used at very high doses, whereas @entity1 data suggest that @entity7275 at maintenance doses is safe. We report the outcome of 72 pregnancies in @entity1 with @entity29 who were previously treated with @entity7275 with three different doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/d, for a median duration of 18 months, along with long-term follow-up of the @entity1 . METHODS: We have compared the outcome of pregnancies and development of the offspring in the following two groups: group 1, @entity1 with @entity29 who conceived 6 months to 22 years after stopping @entity7275 (median 72 months); and group 2, @entity1 with @entity29 who never received @entity7275 prior to conception. All pregnancies were evaluated in terms of outcome: live full-term birth, @entity3465 , stillbirth, @entity2208 , @entity5849 , and therapeutic dilatation and curettage. Data on @entity1 were obtained regarding birth weight, @entity154 , and development. RESULTS: Group 1 included 72 pregnancies carried by 29 @entity1 . There were 51 live births (4 premature), 16 @entity2208 , 1 stillbirth, 2 therapeutic abortions due to abnormal amniocentesis, and 2 ectopic pregnancies. The total incidence of fetal loss was 29.2%. In group 2, 75 @entity1 had 140 pregnancies resulting in 120 live births (8 premature), 18 @entity2208 , and 2 stillbirths. There were no cases of ectopic pregnancies or abnormal amniocentesis. The total incidence of fetal loss was 14.3%. There was no increase in the incidence of @entity245 when the mothers had been treated with @entity7275 prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fetal loss is higher in @entity1 with @entity29 who had been previously treated with @entity7275 compared with those who had not. Whether this was related to the older age at conception in @entity7275 group, longer duration of disease, initially more severe disease, or use of @entity7275 we cannot tell.

title: Complications of pregnancy and @entity1 development after cessation of treatment with @entity4446 for XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ) has proven efficacy in the therapy of @entity29 . Its teratogenicity is demonstrated in animal studies when used at very high doses, whereas @entity1 data suggest that @entity7275 at maintenance doses is safe. We report the outcome of 72 pregnancies in @entity1 with @entity29 who were previously treated with @entity7275 with three different doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/d, for a median duration of 18 months, along with long-term follow-up of the @entity1 . METHODS: We have compared the outcome of pregnancies and development of the offspring in the following two groups: group 1, @entity1 with @entity29 who conceived 6 months to 22 years after stopping @entity7275 (median 72 months); and group 2, @entity1 with @entity29 who never received @entity7275 prior to conception. All pregnancies were evaluated in terms of outcome: live full-term birth, @entity3465 , stillbirth, @entity2208 , @entity5849 , and therapeutic dilatation and curettage. Data on @entity1 were obtained regarding birth weight, @entity154 , and development. RESULTS: Group 1 included 72 pregnancies carried by 29 @entity1 . There were 51 live births (4 premature), 16 @entity2208 , 1 stillbirth, 2 therapeutic abortions due to abnormal amniocentesis, and 2 ectopic pregnancies. The total incidence of fetal loss was 29.2%. In group 2, 75 @entity1 had 140 pregnancies resulting in 120 live births (8 premature), 18 @entity2208 , and 2 stillbirths. There were no cases of ectopic pregnancies or abnormal amniocentesis. The total incidence of fetal loss was 14.3%. There was no increase in the incidence of @entity245 when the mothers had been treated with @entity7275 prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fetal loss is higher in @entity1 with @entity29 who had been previously treated with @entity7275 compared with those who had not. Whether this was related to the older age at conception in @entity7275 group, longer duration of disease, initially more severe disease, or use of @entity7275 we cannot tell.

title: Complications of pregnancy and XXXX development after cessation of treatment with @entity4446 for @entity29 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the interaction between 2450-MHz microwaves (MW) radiation and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ). METHODS: The synergistic genotoxic effects of low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave and @entity1139 on @entity1 lymphocytes were studied using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay (comet assay) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) test in vitro. The whole blood cells from a male donor and a female donor were either only exposed to 2450-MHz microwaves (5.0 mW/cm2) for 2 h or only exposed to @entity1139 (0.0125 microgram/mL, 0.025 microgram/mL and 0.1 microgram/mL) for 24 h; and the samples were exposed to @entity1139 for 24 h after exposure to MW for 2 h. RESULTS: In the comet assay, the comet lengths (29.1 microns and 25.9 microns) of MW were not significantly longer than those (26.3 microns and 24.1 microns) of controls (P > 0.05). The comet lengths (57.4 microns, 68.9 microns, 91.4 microns, 150.6 microns, 71.7 microns, 100.1 microns, 145.1 microns) of 4 @entity1139 groups were significantly longer than those of controls (P < 0.01). The comet lengths (59.1 microns, 92.3 microns, 124.5 microns, 182.7 microns and 57.4 microns, 85.5 microns, 137.5 microns, 178.3 microns) of 4 MW plus @entity1139 groups were significantly longer than those of controls too (P < 0.01). The comet lengths of MW plus @entity1139 groups were significantly longer than those of the corresponding @entity1139 doses (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) when the doses of @entity1139 were > or = 0.025 microgram/mL. In the CBMN, the micronucleated cell (MNC) rates of MW were 5@1000 and 6@1000, which showed no difference compared with those (4@1000 and 4@1000) of controls (P > 0.05). The MNC rates of 4 @entity1139 groups were 8@1000, 9@1000, 14@1000, 23@1000 and 8@1000, 8@1000, 16@1000, 30@1000 respectively. When the doses of @entity1139 were > or = 0.05 microgram/mL, MNC rates of @entity1139 were higher than those of controls (P < 0.05). MNC rates of 4 MW plus @entity1139 groups were 12@1000, 13@1000, 20@1000, 32@1000 and 8@1000, 9@1000, 23@1000, 40@1000. When the doses of @entity1139 were > or = 0.05 microgram/mL, MNC rates of MW plus @entity1139 groups were much higher than those of controls (P < 0.01). MNC rates of 4 MW plus @entity1139 groups were not significantly higher than those of the corresponding @entity1139 doses. CONCLUSION: The low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave radiation can not induce DNA and chromosome damage, but can increase DNA damage effect induced by @entity1139 in comet assay.

title: Study of low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave exposure enhancing the genotoxic effects of XXXX using micronucleus test and comet assay in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of metallic stents for treating central airway @entity850 caused by @entity5 . The subjects were 72 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 56 @entity1 ; mean age, 61 years; age range, 28-87 years) treated with metallic stents for @entity1353 due to @entity75 caused by @entity5 between May 1990 and August 2010. The underlying disorder was @entity2 in 42 @entity1 , metastatic @entity2 in 29, and @entity5 in one @entity1 . In 69 of 72 @entity1 (95.8%), @entity1353 began to improve following completion of the procedure. The average Hugh-Jones classification score improved from 4.2 before stenting to 2.8 after stenting. The @entity1 ' average survival following stent placement was 3.6 months (two days-33 months). Thirteen lesions developed re-obstruction during follow-up. Of these 13 lesions, eight @entity1 with @entity1353 underwent re-interventions with metallic stent replacement and improved. Airway stent placement is an immediate and effective method of treatment for @entity1353 caused by stenotic lesions of the central airway due to @entity5 . It is effective for treating @entity850 due to either @entity5 or extrinsic compression. Restenting is also useful to treat @entity1353 caused by @entity256 following stent placement.

title: Metallic stent placement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial intraluminal tumor', 'mediastinal tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial stenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['primary lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant airway stenosis']


abstract: Concurrent administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been increasingly used in @entity5 treatment, leading to improvements in survival as well as quality of life. Currently, it is a feasible preference, often regarded as the standard therapeutic option, for many locally confined @entity5 , including anal, bladder, cervical, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, @entity788 . In @entity1 with these @entity5 , combined modality therapy improves @entity5 control and survival while, in some instances, obviating the need for surgical removal of the organ of origin. The scientific rationale for the use of chemoradiation derives from the preclinical and clinical observations of synergistic interactions between radiotherapy and chemotherapy. When chemotherapy and radiotherapy are administered together, the chemotherapeutic agents can sensitize the @entity5 cells to the effects of ionizing radiation, leading to increased @entity5 -killing effects within the radiotherapy field. This, in turn, can improve local control of the @entity5 and, in some @entity5 , render surgical resection unnecessary. In other cases, @entity1 with @entity5 that were initially considered unresectable are able to undergo curative interventions after completing chemoradiation. The chemotherapy component can address any potential micrometastatic disease that, without therapy, leads to an increased risk of distant recurrence. A large body of evidence exists that supports the use of chemoradiotherapy in @entity1820 . In fact, one of the first @entity5 types in which the superior efficacy of chemoradiation was described was @entity5 . Since then, chemoradiotherapy has been explored in other @entity344 with superior outcomes when compared with either radiation or chemotherapy alone. This article aims to recapitulate the clinical evidence supporting the use of chemoradiotherapy in a variety of @entity1820 types.

title: Chemoradiation therapy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'anal cancer', 'primary tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers', 'gastrointestinal tumor']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administrative claims and medical records are important data sources to examine healthcare utilization and outcomes. Little is known about identifying personalized medicine technologies in these sources. OBJECTIVES: To describe agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of administrative claims compared with medical records for 2 pairs of targeted tests and treatments for @entity0 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records linked to administrative claims from a large health plan. We examined whether agreement varied by factors that facilitate tracking in claims (coding and cost) and that enhance medical record completeness (records from multiple providers). SUBJECTS: @entity1 (35 to 65 y of age) with incident @entity0 diagnosed in 2006 to 2007 (n=775). MEASURES: Use of @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) and gene expression profiling (GEP) testing, trastuzumab, and adjuvant chemotherapy in claims and medical records. RESULTS: Agreement between claims and records was substantial for GEP, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy, and lowest for @entity1722 tests. GEP, an expensive test with unique billing codes, had higher agreement (91.6% vs. 75.2%), sensitivity (94.9% vs. 76.7%), and specificity (90.1% vs. 29.2%) than @entity1722 , a test without unique billing codes. Trastuzumab, a treatment with unique billing codes, had slightly higher agreement (95.1% vs. 90%) and sensitivity (98.1% vs. 87.9%) than adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Higher agreement and specificity were associated with services that had unique billing codes and high cost. Administrative claims may be sufficient for examining services with unique billing codes. Medical records provide better data for identifying tests lacking specific codes and for research requiring detailed clinical information.

title: Tradeoffs of using administrative claims and medical records to identify the use of personalized medicine for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administrative claims and medical records are important data sources to examine healthcare utilization and outcomes. Little is known about identifying personalized medicine technologies in these sources. OBJECTIVES: To describe agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of administrative claims compared with medical records for 2 pairs of targeted tests and treatments for @entity0 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records linked to administrative claims from a large health plan. We examined whether agreement varied by factors that facilitate tracking in claims (coding and cost) and that enhance medical record completeness (records from multiple providers). SUBJECTS: @entity1 (35 to 65 y of age) with incident @entity0 diagnosed in 2006 to 2007 (n=775). MEASURES: Use of @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) and gene expression profiling (GEP) testing, trastuzumab, and adjuvant chemotherapy in claims and medical records. RESULTS: Agreement between claims and records was substantial for GEP, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy, and lowest for @entity1722 tests. GEP, an expensive test with unique billing codes, had higher agreement (91.6% vs. 75.2%), sensitivity (94.9% vs. 76.7%), and specificity (90.1% vs. 29.2%) than @entity1722 , a test without unique billing codes. Trastuzumab, a treatment with unique billing codes, had slightly higher agreement (95.1% vs. 90%) and sensitivity (98.1% vs. 87.9%) than adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Higher agreement and specificity were associated with services that had unique billing codes and high cost. Administrative claims may be sufficient for examining services with unique billing codes. Medical records provide better data for identifying tests lacking specific codes and for research requiring detailed clinical information.

title: Tradeoffs of using administrative claims and medical records to identify the use of personalized medicine for XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyse the outcome after hepatic resection for non-colorectal, non-neuroendocrine, non-sarcomatous (NCNNNS) @entity5 and to identify the factors predicting survival. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection for NCNNNS @entity5 between September 1996 and June 2009 were included. @entity1 ' demographics, clinical and histopathological parameters, overall survival and the factors predicting survival were analysed. RESULTS: In all, 65 @entity1 underwent hepatic resection for @entity3 . The most common site of a primary @entity5 was the kidney (24 @entity1 ). Fifteen @entity1 had @entity5 . Fifty @entity1 had major liver resections and 22 @entity1 had bilobar disease. The median number of liver lesions resected was 1 and the median maximum diameter of the @entity3 was 6 cm. A R0 resection was performed in 51 @entity1 . The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival from the time of metastasectomy was 72.9%, 47.9% and 25.6%, respectively, with a median survival of 19 months. The presence of a @entity5 of greater than 6 cm (P= 0.048) and a positive resection margin (P= 0.04) were associated with poor survival. CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection for @entity3 from NCNNNS @entity5 can offer acceptable long-term survival in selected @entity1 . To offer a chance of a cure a R0 resection must be performed.

title: Hepatic resection for non-colorectal, non-neuroendocrine, non-sarcoma XXXX : a single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumours', 'synchronous tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: An isocratic HPLC procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of @entity5834 and six @entity23382 in tea samples. When 31 commercial teas extracted by boiling water or 75% @entity1068 were analyzed by HPLC, the levels of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), and total @entity23382 in teas were in the order green tea (old leaves) > green tea (young leaves) and oolong tea > black tea and pu-erh tea. Tea samples extracted by 75% @entity1068 could yield higher levels of @entity3090 and total @entity23382 . The contents of @entity5834 and @entity23382 also have been measured in fresh tea leaves from the Tea Experiment Station in Wen-Shan or Taitung; the old tea leaves contain less @entity5834 but more @entity3090 and total @entity23382 than young ones. To compare @entity5834 and @entity23382 in the same tea but manufactured by different fermentation processes, the level of @entity5834 in different manufactured teas was in the order black tea > oolong tea > green tea > fresh tea leaf, but the levels of @entity3090 and total @entity23382 were in the order green tea > oolong tea > fresh tea leaf > black tea. In addition, six commercial tea extracts were used to test the biological functions including @entity3787 radical scavenging, @entity842 suppressing, and apoptotic effects. The pu-erh tea extracts protected the plasmid DNA from damage by the Fenton reaction as well as the control at a concentration of 100 microg/mL. The @entity842 suppressing effect of tea extracts was in the order pu-erh tea >/= black tea > green tea > oolong tea. The induction of apoptosis by tea extract has been demonstrated by DNA fragmentation ladder and flow cytometry. It appeared that the ability of tea extracts to induce HL-60 cells apoptosis was in the order green tea > oolong > black tea > pu-erh tea. All tea extracts extracted by 75% @entity1068 have stronger biological functions than those extracted by boiling water.

title: Factors affecting the levels of tea polyphenols and XXXX in tea leaves.

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 99 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) suffering from @entity712 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity943 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity943 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity1165 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity1165 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity2224 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity1 . Independent predictors of @entity943 detected and treated by the @entity737 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity1011 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity1 with or without @entity1165 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity8 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity296 @entity1 with @entity712 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity1011 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity943 . Furthermore, @entity177 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity8 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity296 @entity1 who, despite @entity737 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An XXXX : a predictor of @entity943 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity296 and @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic cardiomyopathy', 'NICM']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 99 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) suffering from @entity712 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity943 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity943 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity1165 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity1165 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity2224 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity1 . Independent predictors of @entity943 detected and treated by the @entity737 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity1011 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity1 with or without @entity1165 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity8 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity296 @entity1 with @entity712 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity1011 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity943 . Furthermore, @entity177 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity8 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity296 @entity1 who, despite @entity737 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity8 : a predictor of @entity943 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity296 and XXXX .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 99 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) suffering from @entity712 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity943 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity943 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity1165 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity1165 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity2224 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity1 . Independent predictors of @entity943 detected and treated by the @entity737 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity1011 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity1 with or without @entity1165 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity8 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity296 @entity1 with @entity712 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity1011 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity943 . Furthermore, @entity177 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity8 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity296 @entity1 who, despite @entity737 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity8 : a predictor of @entity943 and mortality in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity712 .

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['nonischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 99 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) suffering from @entity712 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity943 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity943 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity1165 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity1165 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity2224 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity1 . Independent predictors of @entity943 detected and treated by the @entity737 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity1011 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity1 with or without @entity1165 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity8 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity296 @entity1 with @entity712 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity1011 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity943 . Furthermore, @entity177 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity8 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity296 @entity1 who, despite @entity737 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity8 : a predictor of XXXX and mortality in @entity1 with @entity296 and @entity712 .

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 99 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) suffering from @entity712 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity943 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity943 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity1165 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity1165 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity2224 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity1 . Independent predictors of @entity943 detected and treated by the @entity737 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity1011 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity1 with or without @entity1165 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity8 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity296 @entity1 with @entity712 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity1011 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity943 . Furthermore, @entity177 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity8 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity296 @entity1 who, despite @entity737 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity8 : a predictor of @entity943 and mortality in XXXX with @entity296 and @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is a @entity600 that can lead to persistent @entity1576 in adulthood. AIM: To describe the prevalence of @entity1576 in adulthood in a population-based study of @entity1 with repaired @entity354 and to compare this with the prevalence in the general population. METHODS: Of 80 @entity1 operated for @entity354 in Gothenburg in 1968-1983, 79 were located. The @entity1 received a questionnaire on @entity1576 . Controls were 4979 gender- and age-matched subjects who answered the same questions. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 73 of 79 (92%) @entity1 . Physician-diagnosed @entity565 was reported by 30% in the @entity354 group vs 10% in the control group (OR 4.1; 95% CI 2.4-6.8), and recurrent wheeze in 29% vs 5.5% ( @entity29942 ; 4.1-11.6). Also wheeze during the last year, @entity565 medication, a long-standing cough, cough with sputum production and chronic @entity3617 were significantly more common among the @entity1 with @entity354 . In contrast, there was no significant difference regarding risk factors for @entity565 . The prevalence of @entity1576 did not appear to decrease with age. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of @entity1576 remains among adult @entity1 with repaired @entity354 . Many of the @entity1 had an @entity565 diagnosis. However, @entity565 heredity or @entity2023 was not overrepresented.

title: Long-term XXXX following oesophageal atresia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Oesophageal atresia', 'OA']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether there is an ideal level of platelet reactivity (PR) to optimize safety and efficacy within the large multicenter ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) study of 8,582 @entity1 receiving successful drug-eluting stent implantation. BACKGROUND: @entity1 with high PR on @entity1397 have a greater incidence of adverse ischemic events after stent implantation, whereas low PR may increase @entity548 . Due to limited sample size, previous studies have not been able to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics that may confound the relationship of PR and outcomes. METHODS: In the ADAPT-DES study, routine platelet function testing (VerifyNow) was performed following @entity1397 loading. To characterize the independent association between PR and clinical events, @entity1 were stratified into quintiles of @entity3075 reaction units (PRU). RESULTS: The PRU medians of the 5 quintiles were 57, 130, 187, 244, and 317 (most to least inhibited). There was a monotonic association between successively higher PRU quintiles and stent @entity715 , whereas for clinically relevant @entity548 , the greatest risk occurred in the lowest PRU quintile, with similar risks across the 4 higher quintiles. These relationships remained significant in fully adjusted multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for stent @entity715 in Q5 versus Q1: 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 4.59; p  = 0.02; adjusted HR for clinically relevant @entity548 in Q5 versus Q1: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77; p  < 0.001). However, there were no significant independent associations between the level of PRU and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this large observational study, increasing PRU was associated with a monotonic increase in stent @entity715 , whereas @entity548 risk was confined to the lowest PRU quintile, suggesting an optimal therapeutic window of platelet inhibition at moderately inhibited PRU. However, there was no demonstrable threshold effect for PRU and mortality in adjusted analyses, perhaps due to the offsetting impact of @entity548 and @entity63 across the spectrum of platelet inhibition. (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents [ADAPT-DES]; NCT00638794).

title: Is There an Ideal Level of Platelet XXXX -Receptor Inhibition in @entity1  Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?: "Window" Analysis From the ADAPT-DES Study (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3075 :: (64805,Gene) :: ['P2Y12']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether there is an ideal level of platelet reactivity (PR) to optimize safety and efficacy within the large multicenter ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) study of 8,582 @entity1 receiving successful drug-eluting stent implantation. BACKGROUND: @entity1 with high PR on @entity1397 have a greater incidence of adverse ischemic events after stent implantation, whereas low PR may increase @entity548 . Due to limited sample size, previous studies have not been able to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics that may confound the relationship of PR and outcomes. METHODS: In the ADAPT-DES study, routine platelet function testing (VerifyNow) was performed following @entity1397 loading. To characterize the independent association between PR and clinical events, @entity1 were stratified into quintiles of @entity3075 reaction units (PRU). RESULTS: The PRU medians of the 5 quintiles were 57, 130, 187, 244, and 317 (most to least inhibited). There was a monotonic association between successively higher PRU quintiles and stent @entity715 , whereas for clinically relevant @entity548 , the greatest risk occurred in the lowest PRU quintile, with similar risks across the 4 higher quintiles. These relationships remained significant in fully adjusted multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for stent @entity715 in Q5 versus Q1: 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 4.59; p  = 0.02; adjusted HR for clinically relevant @entity548 in Q5 versus Q1: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77; p  < 0.001). However, there were no significant independent associations between the level of PRU and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this large observational study, increasing PRU was associated with a monotonic increase in stent @entity715 , whereas @entity548 risk was confined to the lowest PRU quintile, suggesting an optimal therapeutic window of platelet inhibition at moderately inhibited PRU. However, there was no demonstrable threshold effect for PRU and mortality in adjusted analyses, perhaps due to the offsetting impact of @entity548 and @entity63 across the spectrum of platelet inhibition. (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents [ADAPT-DES]; NCT00638794).

title: Is There an Ideal Level of Platelet @entity3075 -Receptor Inhibition in XXXX  Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?: "Window" Analysis From the ADAPT-DES Study (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymph node yield (LNY) is a measure of quality of care and a strong prognostic factor for outcome from @entity14 ( @entity14 ). The main aims of this study were to determine LNY across multiple Australian centres and the clinico-pathologic factors that influence yield. METHODS: Analysis of data from prospective @entity14 databases at 11 Australian centres between January 1988 and May 2008 was undertaken utilizing the linkage and analysis resources of BioGrid Australia. The LNY depending on different clinico-pathologic @entity1 characteristics was evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 10,082 cases (54.1% @entity1 , 45.9% @entity1 ) were identified. Median LNY was 12 (range 0-174). LNY increased significantly (P < 0.001) over time, from a mean of 8.5 in 1988 to 13 in 2008. LNY also varied significantly between surgical centres. Female gender, younger age, right-sided disease, higher T and N stage, specific operation types and absence of preoperative radiotherapy were all significantly associated with higher LNY. CONCLUSIONS: While varying across centres, the median LNYs in Australia are acceptable and have improved significantly over recent years. Multiple clinico-pathologic factors significantly influence the number of nodes retrieved.

title: Lymph node yield following XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstruction of the airway due to unresectable @entity5 is a frightening condition that portends a poor prognosis. Endobronchial treatment modalities were reviewed to determine the most effective management strategy. METHODS: A 12-year retrospective review (1988 to 1999) of 121 consecutive @entity1 with inoperable @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) was performed. Sixty-five @entity1 received @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) alone, 32 received @entity1168 plus neodymium:yttrium- @entity3775 garnet laser (YAG) therapy, 16 received YAG only, 4 @entity1 were stented, and 4 received photodynamic therapy (PDT). Follow-up was obtained by chart review and contact. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 and 44 @entity1 , median age 62 years (range 30 to 86 years), underwent 378 endobronchial procedures for relief of @entity1224 . Good to excellent results were achieved in 77% (93/121) of @entity1 . Seventy-two percent (23/32) of @entity1 undergoing @entity1168 plus YAG received a good to excellent result. All 8 @entity1 receiving either stents or @entity4906 had good to excellent palliation. There were no intraoperative deaths, but there were two in-hospital deaths. Complications occurred in 4% (5/121) of @entity1 . Forty-four percent (53/121) of our @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Mean survival was 6.7 months after the last treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary relief of inoperable @entity1224 can be accomplished with a number of endobronchial treatments used either singularly or in combination. The majority of @entity1 managed with @entity1168 , YAG, or @entity1168 plus YAG received good to excellent short-term palliation.

title: Palliative management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate brachytherapy']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['malignant airway obstruction', 'MAO']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['malignant airway obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) is defined as @entity1333 affecting small and medium-sized arteries and veins. Histologically, inflammatory changes with infiltration of the endothelium, @entity39 , and formation of necrotizing @entity738 are found. @entity358 is one of the cardinal features of @entity2883 and occurs in 85% of @entity1 during the course of disease. Surgery is often required for both diagnosis and therapy. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 are presented to illustrate the spectrum of surgical interventions in @entity2883 . RESULTS: In 8 @entity1 open lung biopsy, wedge resection, or segmental resection for hitherto undiagnosed infiltrate revealed @entity2883 . Eight @entity1 presented with @entity6184 and all 8 underwent repetitive @entity384 . Five @entity1 presented with @entity5142 without any signs of @entity358 . All @entity1 underwent @entity384 , 3 in conjunction with glucocorticoid injection therapy. After multiple dilations, 1 @entity1 still had destructing @entity1066 in which total stenting maintained airway patency. One @entity1 received subglottic tracheal resection prior to multiple dilations; another @entity1 , because of expiratory tracheal collapse, underwent stabilization of the membranous part of the @entity825 and the large bronchi with a @entity736 implant. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical lung biopsy in numerous @entity1 established the final diagnosis. Thoracic surgery including bronchologic measures such as bouginage and stenting, however, also has a place in the long-term management of @entity2883 .

title: Role of thoracic surgery and interventional bronchoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary manifestation']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity358 is uncommon and methods of management vary. During the past 17 years, we have seen 8 @entity1 with this condition. METHODS: Between 1984 and 2000, 8 @entity1 with @entity358 were seen on our service. Three @entity547 were caused by a thoracic operation, one was due to chronic cough, and in four, the @entity547 was congenital, with delayed presentation. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had minimal symptoms and were not operated on. Closure of chest wall in the other @entity1 was accomplished by suture approximation of ribs in 4 @entity1 and by @entity7502 mesh in 1 @entity1 . There were no recurrences, and these @entity1 remain asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Intercostal @entity547 are usually symptomatic and should be treated by operative closure. In @entity547 , the symptoms are usually minimal and complications are unlikely. These @entity547 can be left untreated, but the @entity1 should be followed.

title: XXXX of the lung.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Lung hernia', 'lung hernias']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'supraclavicular hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Historically, the primary marker of quality for congenital cardiac surgery has been postoperative mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional markers (10 surgical metrics) independently predict length of stay (LOS), thereby providing specific targets for quality improvement. Ten metrics (unplanned ECMO, unplanned cardiac catheterization, revision of primary repair, delayed closure, @entity1764 , reexploration for @entity548 , complete @entity616 , vocal @entity912 , @entity912 , and change in preoperative diagnosis) were defined in 2008 and subsequently collected from 1024 consecutive index congenital cardiac cases, yielding 990 cases. Four @entity1 characteristics and 22 case characteristics were used for risk adjustment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine independent associations between each metric and postoperative LOS. Increased LOS was independently associated with revision of the primary repair (p  =  0.014), @entity616 requiring a permanent pacemaker (p  =  0.001), @entity912 requiring plication (p  <  0.001), and unplanned postoperative cardiac catheterization (p  <  0.001). Compared with @entity1 without each metric, LOS was 1.6 (95  % CI 1.1-2.2, p  =  0.014), 1.7 (95  % CI 1.2-2.3, p  =  0.001), 1.8 (95  % CI 1.4-2.3, p  <  0.001), and 2.0 (95  % CI 1.7-2.4, p  <  0.001) times as long, respectively. These effects equated to an additional 4.5-7.8  days in hospital, depending on the metric. The other 6 metrics were not independently associated with increased LOS. The quality of surgery during repair of @entity299 affects outcomes. Reducing the incidence of these 4 specific surgical metrics may significantly decrease LOS in this population.

title: Surgical Quality Predicts Length of Stay in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['cord paralysis', 'diaphragm paralysis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block', 'postoperative complete heart block']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Historically, the primary marker of quality for congenital cardiac surgery has been postoperative mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional markers (10 surgical metrics) independently predict length of stay (LOS), thereby providing specific targets for quality improvement. Ten metrics (unplanned ECMO, unplanned cardiac catheterization, revision of primary repair, delayed closure, @entity1764 , reexploration for @entity548 , complete @entity616 , vocal @entity912 , @entity912 , and change in preoperative diagnosis) were defined in 2008 and subsequently collected from 1024 consecutive index congenital cardiac cases, yielding 990 cases. Four @entity1 characteristics and 22 case characteristics were used for risk adjustment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine independent associations between each metric and postoperative LOS. Increased LOS was independently associated with revision of the primary repair (p  =  0.014), @entity616 requiring a permanent pacemaker (p  =  0.001), @entity912 requiring plication (p  <  0.001), and unplanned postoperative cardiac catheterization (p  <  0.001). Compared with @entity1 without each metric, LOS was 1.6 (95  % CI 1.1-2.2, p  =  0.014), 1.7 (95  % CI 1.2-2.3, p  =  0.001), 1.8 (95  % CI 1.4-2.3, p  <  0.001), and 2.0 (95  % CI 1.7-2.4, p  <  0.001) times as long, respectively. These effects equated to an additional 4.5-7.8  days in hospital, depending on the metric. The other 6 metrics were not independently associated with increased LOS. The quality of surgery during repair of @entity299 affects outcomes. Reducing the incidence of these 4 specific surgical metrics may significantly decrease LOS in this population.

title: Surgical Quality Predicts Length of Stay in XXXX with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The testing of the @entity274 decontamination process using spores of @entity8220 has gained widespread acceptance. Usually, commercially available Biological Indicators (BIs) with a specified resistance to @entity274 are challenged to qualify the process. The question arises whether the resistance of test spores is dependant on the type of carrier material and whether the resistance is representative for the system under test. The objective of the study is to quantify the effect of different carrier materials on the resistance of spores of @entity8220 to @entity274 . Materials from which isolators were built, as well as those used in disposables during daily work were investigated. These materials were inoculated with 106 spores of @entity8220 (ATCC 7953). The spore resistance was tested to a well defined @entity274 decontamination cycle by determining the D-value using the "Fractional Negative" method. This paper reports on the effect of different carrier materials to the resistance of the test organism against @entity274 . Various materials have significantly increased resistance of the spores and should be avoided in isolator systems. If commercially available BIs are used for process qualification, the resistance of the BI used, the fluctuation in resistance caused by isolator materials, the required log reduction, and at least the bioload of isolator surfaces need to be known.

title: Effect of carrier materials on the resistance of spores of XXXX to gaseous hydrogen peroxide.

entities_list: @entity8220 :: ('1422', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus stearothermophilus']

answer: @entity8220 :: (1422,Species) :: ['Bacillus stearothermophilus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antireflux effects of a modified Nissen fundoplication following esophagectomy for @entity5 . METHODS: From March 2006 to March 2007, 70 @entity1 with @entity418 were divided into two groups randomly. Esophagogastrostomy with a stapler only was perform in 35 @entity1 as controls (group C), and a modified Nissen fundoplication was added after esophagogastrostomy with stapler in the other 35 @entity1 as observed group (group O). There were 48 male and 22 female, ranging in age from 47 to 77 years (mean 60.1 years). The operative morbidity and mortality were recorded. Fourty-nine @entity1 were followed at 3 months after surgery, and the questionnaire of life quality (EORTC QLQ C-30) was conducted in 24 @entity1 in group C and 25 @entity1 in group O. Thirty @entity1 were examined with esophageal manometry, 24 h pH monitoring and gastroscopy. There were 16 @entity1 in group C and 14 @entity1 in group O. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the scores of heart burn and regurgitation in the group O were less than in group C (P = 0.041 and 0.034 respectively), but there was no difference in scores of @entity1282 between the two groups (P = 0.677). The pressure at the anastomotic site was higher than that in the stomach in group O (P = 0.032), but not in group C (P = 0.448). DeMeester score in group O was 53    46, compared to 140    103 in group C (P = 0.043). The score of @entity2910 was 0.9    0.8 in group O, which was lower than 1.6    1.0 in group C (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of modified Nissen fundoplication after esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy for @entity5 significantly increases the pressure at the anastomotic site, thus reduces the extent of @entity354 , which leads to the reduction of the extent of @entity354 and the improvement of the quality of life.

title: [Antireflux anastomosis following resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a large cohort of @entity1 , oocyte quality and IVF outcome after coasting used to prevent @entity43 . SETTING: Retrospective study. @entity1 : IVF cycles which had reached @entity53 serum levels of at least 4,000 pg/mL without being coasted (control group, n = 208), or where coasting was applied (coasted group, n = 157). METHOD: IVF data of coasted cycles were compared with the control group. Within the group of coasted cycles, we also analyzed whether indirect parameters related to coasting had an effect on IVF results. RESULTS: Coasted @entity1 showed higher maximum @entity53 levels and greater numbers of large follicles than the control group, but lower oocyte recovery rates. There were no other significant differences between the two groups of @entity1 . Within the group of coasted @entity1 , no significant relation was found between the number of days of coasting, the @entity53 level on the day of hCG, or the fall in @entity53 and the outcome, whether measured in terms of oocyte quality, pregnancy rate, or incidence of @entity43 . CONCLUSION: Coasting seems to be associated with a reduced oocyte collection rate, especially when the coasting period is prolonged. However, this does not result in reduced oocyte quality. The length of the coasting period and degree of @entity53 decrease do not seem to alter the results in terms of pregnancy rates.

title: Oocyte quality and IVF outcome after coasting to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The last decade witnessed the emergence of genomics, a set of high-throughput molecular measurements in biological samples. These pan-genomic and agnostic approaches have revolutionized the molecular biology and genetics of @entity5 . These techniques have been applied successfully to @entity16663 . Exome sequencing identified new major drivers in all @entity5 types, including @entity5963 , @entity5965 , @entity5966 and @entity5964 mutations in @entity1369 producing @entity652 (APA), @entity25946 mutations in @entity701 producing @entity652 (CPA), @entity4052 mutations in primary bilateral macronodular @entity1636 (PBMAH), and @entity36204 mutations in @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ). Moreover, the various genomic approaches -including exome sequencing, transcriptome, miRNome, genome, and methylome-, converge into a single molecular classification of @entity16663 . Especially for @entity1636 , two main molecular groups have emerged, showing major differences in outcomes. These @entity1636 groups differ by their gene expression profiles, but also by recurrent mutations and specific DNA hypermethylation patterns in the subgroup of poor outcome. The clinical impact of these findings is just starting. The main altered signaling pathways now become therapeutic targets. The molecular groups of diseases individualize robust subtypes within diseases such as APA, CPA, PBMAH and @entity1636 . A revised nosology of @entity16663 should impact the clinical research. Obvious consequences also include genetic counseling for the new @entity74 such as @entity4052 mutations in PBMAH, and a better prognostication of @entity1636 based on targeted measurements of a few discriminant molecular alterations. Identifying the main molecular groups of @entity16663 by extensively gathering the molecular variations is a significant step forward towards precision medicine.

title: ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: The genomics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant and benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical hyperplasia', 'adrenocortical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Met care demands are key aspects in poststroke quality of care. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors and 12-month factors that were associated with perceived unmet rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke. METHODS: Data on @entity1 who were independent in activities of daily living, hospitalized for @entity64 during 2008 to 2010, and followed up 1 year poststroke through a postal questionnaire were obtained from the Swedish @entity64 register. @entity1 reporting fulfilled rehabilitation needs were compared with those with unmet needs (Chi square test). RESULTS: The study included 37 383 @entity1 , 46% female. At 12 months, 8019 (21.5%) @entity1 reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Compared with those with met rehabilitation needs, @entity1 reporting unmet rehabilitation needs were older (75.4 versus 72.4 years; P<0.0001); a higher proportion was activities of daily living-dependent (59% versus 31.9%; P<0.0001) and institutionalized (24.3% versus 11.5%; P<0.0001) at 12 months. @entity308 (32.3% versus 24.9%; P<0.0001) and insufficient @entity158 medication were more common in @entity1 with unmet needs (54.5% versus 32.3%; P<0.0001). Baseline predictors of unmet rehabilitation needs at 12 months in an age-adjusted model were severe @entity64 (odds ratio [OR]=3.04; confidence interval [CI]: 2.39-3.87), prior @entity64 (OR=1.63; CI: 1.53-1.75), female sex (OR=1.14; CI: 1.07-1.20), @entity6 (OR=1.24; CI: 1.15-1.32), @entity64 other than @entity63 (OR=1.26; CI: 1.20-1.32), and @entity955 (OR=1.19; CI: 1.12-1.27). CONCLUSIONS: Unfulfilled rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke are common and associated with high age, dependency, @entity158 , and @entity308 . Long-term follow-up systems should, therefore, be comprehensive and address multiple domains of poststroke problems, rather than having a single-domain focus.

title: Perceived Unmet Rehabilitation Needs 1 Year After XXXX : An Observational Study From the Swedish @entity64 Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Poststroke depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Met care demands are key aspects in poststroke quality of care. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors and 12-month factors that were associated with perceived unmet rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke. METHODS: Data on @entity1 who were independent in activities of daily living, hospitalized for @entity64 during 2008 to 2010, and followed up 1 year poststroke through a postal questionnaire were obtained from the Swedish @entity64 register. @entity1 reporting fulfilled rehabilitation needs were compared with those with unmet needs (Chi square test). RESULTS: The study included 37 383 @entity1 , 46% female. At 12 months, 8019 (21.5%) @entity1 reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Compared with those with met rehabilitation needs, @entity1 reporting unmet rehabilitation needs were older (75.4 versus 72.4 years; P<0.0001); a higher proportion was activities of daily living-dependent (59% versus 31.9%; P<0.0001) and institutionalized (24.3% versus 11.5%; P<0.0001) at 12 months. @entity308 (32.3% versus 24.9%; P<0.0001) and insufficient @entity158 medication were more common in @entity1 with unmet needs (54.5% versus 32.3%; P<0.0001). Baseline predictors of unmet rehabilitation needs at 12 months in an age-adjusted model were severe @entity64 (odds ratio [OR]=3.04; confidence interval [CI]: 2.39-3.87), prior @entity64 (OR=1.63; CI: 1.53-1.75), female sex (OR=1.14; CI: 1.07-1.20), @entity6 (OR=1.24; CI: 1.15-1.32), @entity64 other than @entity63 (OR=1.26; CI: 1.20-1.32), and @entity955 (OR=1.19; CI: 1.12-1.27). CONCLUSIONS: Unfulfilled rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke are common and associated with high age, dependency, @entity158 , and @entity308 . Long-term follow-up systems should, therefore, be comprehensive and address multiple domains of poststroke problems, rather than having a single-domain focus.

title: Perceived Unmet Rehabilitation Needs 1 Year After @entity64 : An Observational Study From the Swedish XXXX Register.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate different algorithms used to analyse retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) data obtained by scanning laser polarimetry, in order to compare their relative abilities to discriminate between @entity1 with glaucomatous localised nerve fibre @entity655 and normal subjects. METHODS: 48 eyes of 48 glaucomatous @entity1 with localised RNFL defects and 53 eyes of 53 healthy subjects were included in this study. The localised RNFL defects were identified by RNFL photography and/or slit lamp biomicroscopic examination. All @entity1 were submitted to RNFL examination using scanning laser polarimetry ( @entity9999 nerve fibre analyser, Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). Three methods of analysis of polarimetry data were used: @entity9999 software provided parameters; RNFL thickness measurements in 16 equal sectors around the optic disc (sectoral analysis); and Fourier analysis of the curve of distribution of RNFL thickness measurements. Linear discriminant functions were developed to assess sensitivity and specificity of the sectoral based analysis and Fourier analysis and were compared to the @entity9999 parameters. In addition, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared. RESULTS: At a fixed specificity of 91%, the sensitivity of the linear discriminant function from sectoral data (LDF sectoral) was 81%, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.93. The linear discriminant function from Fourier measures had a comparable performance, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.93, and sensitivity of 71% for specificity at 91%. At the same specificity, the sensitivities of the @entity9999 software provided parameters ranged from 15% to 40%. The areas under the ROC curves for the LDF sectoral and LDF Fourier were significantly greater than the ROC curve area for the single best @entity9999 parameter. CONCLUSION: The sectoral based analysis and the Fourier analysis of RNFL polarimetry data resulted in an improved detection of eyes with glaucomatous localised nerve fibre @entity655 compared to the @entity9999 software provided parameters.

title: Comparison of algorithms for detection of localised nerve fibre XXXX using scanning laser polarimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['layer defects']

answer: @entity655 :: (MESH:C535504,Disease) :: ['layer defects']


abstract: Nervous system development is reliant on neuronal pathfinding, the process in which axons are guided to their target cells by specific extracellular cues. The ability of neurons to extend over long distances in response to environmental guidance signals is made possible by the growth cone, a highly motile structure found at the end of neuronal processes. Growth cones detect directional cues and respond with either @entity717 . The motility of growth cones is dependent on rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, presumably mediated by actin-associated proteins under the control of incoming guidance signals. This article reviews how one such family of proteins, the @entity12385 /cofilins, are emerging as key regulators of growth cone actin dynamics. These proteins are essential for rapid actin turnover in a variety of different cell types. @entity12385 /cofilins are heavily co-localized with actin in growth cones and are necessary for neurite outgrowth. @entity12387 activities are regulated through reversible phosphorylation by LIM kinases and slingshot phosphatases. LIM kinases are downstream effectors of the Rho GTPases Rho, Rac, and @entity5605 . Growing evidence suggests that extracellular guidance cues may locally alter actin dynamics by regulating the activity of LIM kinase and @entity12387 phosphatases via the Rho GTPases. In this way, @entity12385 /cofilins and their upstream effectors may be pivotal to our understanding of how guidance information is translated into physical alterations of the growth cone actin cytoskeleton.

title: Regulation of growth cone actin dynamics by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['attractive or repulsive movements']

answer: @entity12387 :: (11034;1072,Gene) :: ['ADF/cofilin']


abstract: @entity954 is omnipresent in the day-to-day life of the surgeon and other medical personnel who work in the operating room. In addition, @entity1 are also exposed, especially and uniquely so in laparoscopic cases where smoke is created and trapped in a closed and absorptive space. @entity954 has typically been produced by electrocautery but is now ever more present in a new form with the burgeoning use of the laser and the harmonic scalpel. Several cases of transmission of @entity1082 ) from @entity1 to treating professional via laser smoke have alerted us to the reality that surgical smoke in certain situations is far form benign. However, surgeons rarely take measures to protect themselves, their co-coworkers and @entity1 from surgical smoke. Should we and, if so, how do we differentiate between different types of smoke and should we move toward increasing our efforts to protect ourselves, our co-workers, and @entity1 from it? This article attempts to sort through the available data and draw some reasonable conclusions regarding surgical smoke. In general, surgical smoke is a biohazard and cannot be ignored. At a minimum, surgical smoke is a toxin similar to cigarette smoke. However, other dangers exist. This is especially true in specific circumstances such as when tissue infected with dangerous viruses is aerosolized by lasers. In addition, smoke generated by the harmonic scalpel, being a relatively cold vapor similar to laser smoke, should be further investigated for its potential ill effects and until then, looked upon with reasonable caution. Although not a high-priority in most surgical cases, surgeons should support efforts to minimize OR personnel, @entity1 , and their own exposure to surgical smoke.

title: XXXX : a review of the literature. Is this just a lot of hot air?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical smoke']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['Surgical smoke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17903 result from deletions in the nuclear or mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Deletions in the mtDNA are often sporadic. Mitochondriopathies are commonly associated with @entity3914 ( @entity3914 ). Here we describe a @entity1 with a structural mtDNA aberration whose presenting sign was impaired visual acuity in the presence of a pigmented @entity989 but lack of @entity1319 . @entity1 : A 7-year-old @entity1 presented with impaired visual acuity (0.4 OD and 0.5 OS), coarse @entity2117 of the posterior pole and @entity2117 with irregular depigmentation in the periphery. Scotopic and photopic as well as multifocal ERG were abnormal. Further symptoms included an incomplete @entity389 , @entity2055 , lapses of coordination and an intention @entity400 . Compared with her twin sister, the @entity1 's speech was less modulated and slower. MRI scanning disclosed symmetric changes of density in the basal ganglia and nucleus dentatus as well as in the brainstem. ECG yielded no evidence of an @entity713 . Molecular biological analysis showed a structural rearrangement of the mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17903 in early ages may present with pronounced retinal changes in the absence of external @entity4610 .Therefore, it appears prudent to include a neuropediatric evaluation as well as a mutation screening of the mtDNA in the evaluation of pediatric @entity1 with diffuse non-specific @entity989 .

title: [Pigmented XXXX as a presenting sign of @entity17903 without external @entity4610 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV-node block']

entities_list: @entity3914 :: ('MESH:D017246', 'Disease') :: ['chronic progessive external ophthalmoplegia', 'CPEO']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation', 'diffuse hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear deafness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'pigmented retinopathies']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['impaired ocular motility']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17903 result from deletions in the nuclear or mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Deletions in the mtDNA are often sporadic. Mitochondriopathies are commonly associated with @entity3914 ( @entity3914 ). Here we describe a @entity1 with a structural mtDNA aberration whose presenting sign was impaired visual acuity in the presence of a pigmented @entity989 but lack of @entity1319 . @entity1 : A 7-year-old @entity1 presented with impaired visual acuity (0.4 OD and 0.5 OS), coarse @entity2117 of the posterior pole and @entity2117 with irregular depigmentation in the periphery. Scotopic and photopic as well as multifocal ERG were abnormal. Further symptoms included an incomplete @entity389 , @entity2055 , lapses of coordination and an intention @entity400 . Compared with her twin sister, the @entity1 's speech was less modulated and slower. MRI scanning disclosed symmetric changes of density in the basal ganglia and nucleus dentatus as well as in the brainstem. ECG yielded no evidence of an @entity713 . Molecular biological analysis showed a structural rearrangement of the mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17903 in early ages may present with pronounced retinal changes in the absence of external @entity4610 .Therefore, it appears prudent to include a neuropediatric evaluation as well as a mutation screening of the mtDNA in the evaluation of pediatric @entity1 with diffuse non-specific @entity989 .

title: [Pigmented @entity989 as a presenting sign of XXXX without external @entity4610 ].

answer: @entity17903 :: (MESH:D017237,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial encephalomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17903 result from deletions in the nuclear or mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Deletions in the mtDNA are often sporadic. Mitochondriopathies are commonly associated with @entity3914 ( @entity3914 ). Here we describe a @entity1 with a structural mtDNA aberration whose presenting sign was impaired visual acuity in the presence of a pigmented @entity989 but lack of @entity1319 . @entity1 : A 7-year-old @entity1 presented with impaired visual acuity (0.4 OD and 0.5 OS), coarse @entity2117 of the posterior pole and @entity2117 with irregular depigmentation in the periphery. Scotopic and photopic as well as multifocal ERG were abnormal. Further symptoms included an incomplete @entity389 , @entity2055 , lapses of coordination and an intention @entity400 . Compared with her twin sister, the @entity1 's speech was less modulated and slower. MRI scanning disclosed symmetric changes of density in the basal ganglia and nucleus dentatus as well as in the brainstem. ECG yielded no evidence of an @entity713 . Molecular biological analysis showed a structural rearrangement of the mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17903 in early ages may present with pronounced retinal changes in the absence of external @entity4610 .Therefore, it appears prudent to include a neuropediatric evaluation as well as a mutation screening of the mtDNA in the evaluation of pediatric @entity1 with diffuse non-specific @entity989 .

title: [Pigmented @entity989 as a presenting sign of @entity17903 without external XXXX ].

answer: @entity4610 :: (MESH:D009886,Disease) :: ['ophthalmoplegia']


abstract: @entity1789 is a @entity74 , leading to a functional reduction in @entity1372 channel current. This anomaly occurs in the absence of other demonstrable @entity299 . The ECG diagnostic pattern is characterized by coved ST-segment elevation in V1-V3 leads. @entity1789 may be complicated by malignant @entity943 and @entity944 . Risk stratification in individuals with type 1 Brugada ECG pattern for primary prevention of @entity944 is an unsolved issue. Recognized risk factors for @entity944 are spontaneous type 1 ECG pattern, @entity1163 , or documented @entity1167 . Family history of @entity944 is a controversial risk factor. However, all these factors have a low positive predictive value. The prognostic significance of electrophysiological study (EPS) is debated. There is a consensus about the low predictive value of a positive EPS and a low specificity. However, while some authors deny at all its usefulness, others suggest that EPS is useful when considered together with other clinical risk factors. According to Brugada brothers our personal data suggest that (i) in subjects with type 1 Brugada ECG no single clinical risk factor nor EPS alone are able to identify subjects at the highest risk; (ii) a multiparametric approach (including @entity1163 , family history of @entity944 and positive EPS) helps to identify populations at the highest risk; (iii) subjects at the highest risk are those with a spontaneous type 1 ECG and at least two risk factors; (iv) the remaining are at low risk.

title: [ XXXX : diagnosis and risk stratification].

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: Ingredients have been used in modern cigarette manufacturing to facilitate @entity286 processing, provide flavor, and preserve @entity286 . Concern has been raised regarding the use of ingredients in cigarette manufacturing due to the possible generation of toxic chemicals resulting from their combustion when added to @entity286 . OBJECTIVE: Investigate the impact of individual ingredients on cigarette smoke @entity137 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 ingredients were tested individually through addition at different concentrations to the @entity286 of experimental cigarettes. Mainstream cigarette smoke chemistry analysis, bacterial mutagenicity testing, and @entity137 testing were conducted. Additionally, 31 of the ingredients were tested in 90-day nose-only @entity35 inhalation studies using mainstream cigarette smoke. Studies were designed following conventional @entity137 testing methods employed for food additives and other consumer products. RESULTS: The studies reported here demonstrate that high levels of some ingredients can change the quantity of some smoke constituents, altering the smoke chemistry profile. From the panel of biological endpoints monitored, these added ingredients produced minimal changes in the overall @entity137 profile of mainstream cigarette smoke. In some cases, the addition of high levels of an ingredient caused a small reduction in @entity137 findings, probably due to displacement of burning @entity286 . CONCLUSION: The battery of testing results presented here is a useful addition to the available scientific information for cigarette ingredients and extends the dataset which can be used for evaluating their appropriate use.

title: An evaluation of the XXXX of 95 ingredients added individually to experimental cigarettes: approach and methods.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Sinonasal @entity2583 is a rare, life-threatening and insidious @entity364 . Uncontrolled @entity6 and immunsupression are the most important risk factors. The @entity281 is clinically characterized by black @entity39 tissues and crusting in the nasal cavity. In acute fulminant rhinosinusitis and particularly in @entity281 caused by mucor species, black scar tissues seen on the nasal mucosa are pathognomonic. High level of suspicion in the risk group the diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination. The rhinoorbital form is even rarer and the findings may range from @entity158 to ophtalmoplegia and @entity1939 . In this report we present a 72-year-old female @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity6 who was admited with the complaints of exophtalmos in the left eye, @entity892 and @entity10 . In the physical examination there was purulent discharge in the middle meatus and left @entity2694 was detected on computed tomography. We performed an emergency endoscopic sinus surgery. While we did not observe any @entity39 tissues, granulation tissues were detected and pus was drained from the orbital cavity. The result of the histopathological examination was reported as invasive @entity2583 . We presented this case to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of @entity2583 .

title: [ @entity2694 with XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoorbital mucormycosis', 'mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital abscess']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pain']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital abscess']


abstract: Sinonasal @entity2583 is a rare, life-threatening and insidious @entity364 . Uncontrolled @entity6 and immunsupression are the most important risk factors. The @entity281 is clinically characterized by black @entity39 tissues and crusting in the nasal cavity. In acute fulminant rhinosinusitis and particularly in @entity281 caused by mucor species, black scar tissues seen on the nasal mucosa are pathognomonic. High level of suspicion in the risk group the diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination. The rhinoorbital form is even rarer and the findings may range from @entity158 to ophtalmoplegia and @entity1939 . In this report we present a 72-year-old female @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity6 who was admited with the complaints of exophtalmos in the left eye, @entity892 and @entity10 . In the physical examination there was purulent discharge in the middle meatus and left @entity2694 was detected on computed tomography. We performed an emergency endoscopic sinus surgery. While we did not observe any @entity39 tissues, granulation tissues were detected and pus was drained from the orbital cavity. The result of the histopathological examination was reported as invasive @entity2583 . We presented this case to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of @entity2583 .

title: [ XXXX with @entity2694 : a case report].

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['Rhino-orbital mucormycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity161 @entity1 have insufficient response to @entity1088 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity1088 treatment in @entity161 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity2812 , @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity2812 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity1771 and @entity3216 . The effect of @entity1771 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity3216 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity1088 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity2812 and @entity1771 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity1088 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.

title: Pharmacological augmentation strategies for XXXX @entity1 with insufficient response to @entity1088 : a quantitative literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity161 @entity1 have insufficient response to @entity1088 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity1088 treatment in @entity161 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity2812 , @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity2812 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity1771 and @entity3216 . The effect of @entity1771 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity3216 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity1088 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity2812 and @entity1771 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity1088 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.

title: Pharmacological augmentation strategies for @entity161 @entity1 with insufficient response to XXXX : a quantitative literature review.

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity161 @entity1 have insufficient response to @entity1088 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity1088 treatment in @entity161 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity2812 , @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity2812 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity1771 and @entity3216 . The effect of @entity1771 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity3216 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity1088 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity2812 and @entity1771 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity1088 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.

title: Pharmacological augmentation strategies for @entity161 XXXX with insufficient response to @entity1088 : a quantitative literature review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if pretonsillectomy injection of local anesthetics with and without @entity1338 reduces @entity158 following tonsillectomy in @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. @entity1 : A total of 120 @entity1 , ages 3 to 17 years, presenting for tonsillectomy. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to 1 of 3 pretonsillectomy injection groups: (1) saline, (2) @entity3303 plus @entity1341 , or (3) @entity3303 plus @entity1341 plus @entity1338 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total number of analgesic doses consumed on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Secondary outcome variables included total time and intravenous analgesic doses required in the recovery room, visual analog scale @entity158 scores, and maximum tolerated diet on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. RESULTS: The total number of analgesic doses on PODs 1, 3, 5, and 7 were not significantly different between the randomization groups (P = .53). The median numbers (interquartile ranges) of analgesic doses were 12.0 (9.0-16.8) for the @entity3303 plus @entity1341 plus @entity1338 group, 12.0 (10.0-16.5) for the @entity3303 plus @entity1341 group, and 14.0 (9.0-15) for the placebo group. The placebo group was found to have a more advanced diet on @entity773 (P = .04) and significantly less @entity158 on POD 3 (P = .02). Multivariable analysis showed @entity1 in the @entity3303 plus @entity1341 plus @entity1338 group were significantly less likely to need @entity158 medication in the recovery room compared with @entity1 in the placebo group and again showed that the placebo group achieved a significantly more advanced diet and had less @entity158 on @entity773 . CONCLUSION: Pretonsillectomy injection of @entity3303 , 1%, and @entity1341 , 0.5%, with or without @entity1338 (25  g) is not recommended for the @entity158 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00678379.

title: Comparison of XXXX , local anesthetics, and placebo for @entity158 reduction in pediatric tonsillectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduction of posttonsillectomy pain', 'intravenous pain']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if pretonsillectomy injection of local anesthetics with and without @entity1338 reduces @entity158 following tonsillectomy in @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. @entity1 : A total of 120 @entity1 , ages 3 to 17 years, presenting for tonsillectomy. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to 1 of 3 pretonsillectomy injection groups: (1) saline, (2) @entity3303 plus @entity1341 , or (3) @entity3303 plus @entity1341 plus @entity1338 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total number of analgesic doses consumed on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Secondary outcome variables included total time and intravenous analgesic doses required in the recovery room, visual analog scale @entity158 scores, and maximum tolerated diet on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. RESULTS: The total number of analgesic doses on PODs 1, 3, 5, and 7 were not significantly different between the randomization groups (P = .53). The median numbers (interquartile ranges) of analgesic doses were 12.0 (9.0-16.8) for the @entity3303 plus @entity1341 plus @entity1338 group, 12.0 (10.0-16.5) for the @entity3303 plus @entity1341 group, and 14.0 (9.0-15) for the placebo group. The placebo group was found to have a more advanced diet on @entity773 (P = .04) and significantly less @entity158 on POD 3 (P = .02). Multivariable analysis showed @entity1 in the @entity3303 plus @entity1341 plus @entity1338 group were significantly less likely to need @entity158 medication in the recovery room compared with @entity1 in the placebo group and again showed that the placebo group achieved a significantly more advanced diet and had less @entity158 on @entity773 . CONCLUSION: Pretonsillectomy injection of @entity3303 , 1%, and @entity1341 , 0.5%, with or without @entity1338 (25  g) is not recommended for the @entity158 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00678379.

title: Comparison of @entity1338 , local anesthetics, and placebo for XXXX reduction in pediatric tonsillectomy.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']