abstract: Recent studies have implicated the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family in the regulation of pathological sporadic cranial suture fusion. In addition, these studies have shown that @entity641 is highly expressed by the dura mater underlying fusing @entity19 cranial sutures. The purpose of the present experiments was to analyze the effects of disrupting @entity641 signaling during programmed @entity19 cranial suture fusion. Using recombinant DNA technology, a replication-deficient adenovirus encoding a defective @entity641 receptor (Ad.DN-TbetaRII) capable of blocking @entity641 biological activity was constructed. @entity19 posterior frontal sutures were harvested before the initiation of suture fusion (postnatal day 25), and the dura mater underlying the suture was infected with vehicle, Ad.DN-TbetaRII, or control virus (Ad.LacZ; n = 10 each). Sutures were cultured for 14 or 30 days in an organ culture system and analyzed macroscopically and histologically.X-gal staining of Ad.LacZ-infected sutures 14 days after culture revealed strong staining of cells localized to the dura mater. Macroscopic analysis revealed complete sutural fusion in vehicle and Ad.LacZ-infected sutures. In contrast, Ad.DN-TBRII-infected sutures demonstrated nearly complete patency. Histological analysis confirmed our macroscopic observations with sutural fusion in 81.3 +/- 10 percent and 74.5 +/- 9 percent of vehicle and Ad.LacZ-infected sutures, respectively, versus 38.1 +/- 12 percent (p < 0.001) in Ad. @entity281 sutures. In addition, transfection with the Ad. @entity778 resulted in a significant attenuation of anterior-to-posterior suture fusion, with the majority of fused sections localized to anterior sections. These data strongly implicate @entity641 biological activity in the dura mater underlying the posterior frontal suture in the regulation of programmed sutural fusion. In addition, this study demonstrates the utility of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in preventing programmed sutural fusion.

title: Adenovirus-mediated transmission of a dominant negative transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibits in vitro XXXX cranial suture fusion.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['DN-TbetaRII-infected']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Mouse', 'mouse', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['DN-TbetaRII virus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pediatric @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) are biologically diverse. The French-American-British (FAB) classification of adult forms of @entity2590 is not always applicable because many pediatric @entity1 do not fit into any of the categories. To circumvent the FAB schema and other flawed formats, the authors developed a practical classification system for childhood @entity2590 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors analyzed 40 @entity1 with @entity2590 diagnosed in Toronto between 1988 and 1998 to test the utility of the classification. @entity1 were classified according to three main features: category, cytology, and cytogenetics. RESULTS: Using this system the authors were able to classify all 40 @entity1 ; about half could not be unclassified by FAB. @entity1 could also be longitudinally classified by serial analysis to show @entity74 . @entity12188 was excluded because of its known myeloproliferative pathogenesis. @entity6130 , which almost never occurs in @entity1 , was also omitted. Also excluded were other @entity102 and any @entity1503 without malignant potential. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, the CCC system appears to have prognostic potential; @entity1 with advanced class and cytogenetic abnormalities had a poorer outcome. The authors urge international adoption of this system for uniformity in clinical practice and reporting purposes.

title: A practical, comprehensive classification for pediatric XXXX : the CCC system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression of disease']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to compare the effects of oral @entity1363 and oral @entity3175 , administered with intravenous (IV) @entity6882 , on pre-procedural, procedural, and post-procedural sedation and recovery in @entity1 undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy. The costs of pre-procedure sedation were compared for the two @entity1245 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted in 154 @entity1 (mean age 96.73 +/- 59.34 months, 53% male) undergoing endoscopy. Oral @entity1363 (0.5 mg/kg, maximum dose of 20 mg) or oral @entity3175 (0.3 mg/kg, maximum dose of 10 mg) was given before IV insertion, and with IV @entity6882 (2 mg/kg, maximum dose of 100 mg) given to all @entity1 just before upper endoscopy. Further "rescue" @entity1363 doses (to a maximum cumulative dose of 5 mg) were given as needed to achieve a pre-procedure sedation score of > or =2. All @entity1 received intravenous @entity1875 for procedural sedation. @entity1 were evaluated for the efficacy and safety of pre-procedural sedation, sedation during upper endoscopy, and recovery following completion of the procedure. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between study groups for level of pre-procedural sedation, need for @entity1363 rescue in endoscopy, effectiveness of procedural sedation, occurrence of adverse events, and recovery parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity1363 and @entity3175 , in conjunction with IV administration of @entity6882 , provide comparable, effective, and safe premedication for @entity1 undergoing upper endoscopy. The cost of @entity1363 was substantially higher than @entity3175 .

title: A comparison of oral XXXX versus @entity1363 , administered with intravenous @entity6882 , as premedication to sedation for pediatric endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to compare the effects of oral @entity1363 and oral @entity3175 , administered with intravenous (IV) @entity6882 , on pre-procedural, procedural, and post-procedural sedation and recovery in @entity1 undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy. The costs of pre-procedure sedation were compared for the two @entity1245 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted in 154 @entity1 (mean age 96.73 +/- 59.34 months, 53% male) undergoing endoscopy. Oral @entity1363 (0.5 mg/kg, maximum dose of 20 mg) or oral @entity3175 (0.3 mg/kg, maximum dose of 10 mg) was given before IV insertion, and with IV @entity6882 (2 mg/kg, maximum dose of 100 mg) given to all @entity1 just before upper endoscopy. Further "rescue" @entity1363 doses (to a maximum cumulative dose of 5 mg) were given as needed to achieve a pre-procedure sedation score of > or =2. All @entity1 received intravenous @entity1875 for procedural sedation. @entity1 were evaluated for the efficacy and safety of pre-procedural sedation, sedation during upper endoscopy, and recovery following completion of the procedure. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between study groups for level of pre-procedural sedation, need for @entity1363 rescue in endoscopy, effectiveness of procedural sedation, occurrence of adverse events, and recovery parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity1363 and @entity3175 , in conjunction with IV administration of @entity6882 , provide comparable, effective, and safe premedication for @entity1 undergoing upper endoscopy. The cost of @entity1363 was substantially higher than @entity3175 .

title: A comparison of oral @entity3175 versus @entity1363 , administered with intravenous XXXX , as premedication to sedation for pediatric endoscopy.

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to compare the effects of oral @entity1363 and oral @entity3175 , administered with intravenous (IV) @entity6882 , on pre-procedural, procedural, and post-procedural sedation and recovery in @entity1 undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy. The costs of pre-procedure sedation were compared for the two @entity1245 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted in 154 @entity1 (mean age 96.73 +/- 59.34 months, 53% male) undergoing endoscopy. Oral @entity1363 (0.5 mg/kg, maximum dose of 20 mg) or oral @entity3175 (0.3 mg/kg, maximum dose of 10 mg) was given before IV insertion, and with IV @entity6882 (2 mg/kg, maximum dose of 100 mg) given to all @entity1 just before upper endoscopy. Further "rescue" @entity1363 doses (to a maximum cumulative dose of 5 mg) were given as needed to achieve a pre-procedure sedation score of > or =2. All @entity1 received intravenous @entity1875 for procedural sedation. @entity1 were evaluated for the efficacy and safety of pre-procedural sedation, sedation during upper endoscopy, and recovery following completion of the procedure. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between study groups for level of pre-procedural sedation, need for @entity1363 rescue in endoscopy, effectiveness of procedural sedation, occurrence of adverse events, and recovery parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity1363 and @entity3175 , in conjunction with IV administration of @entity6882 , provide comparable, effective, and safe premedication for @entity1 undergoing upper endoscopy. The cost of @entity1363 was substantially higher than @entity3175 .

title: A comparison of oral @entity3175 versus XXXX , administered with intravenous @entity6882 , as premedication to sedation for pediatric endoscopy.

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 59-year-old @entity1 , her 55-year-old husband, their daughter, son and the son's girlfriend were admitted with acute icterus 32-34 days after a dinner when they had eaten shellfish. The father had been immunised against @entity99 and B with a combined vaccine (Twinrix(R)) and had completed the full vaccination schedule 47 days prior to this meal. His wife had been incompletely vaccinated with one injection 16 days prior and a second injection 13 days after the dinner. The other three @entity1 of the dinner had not been immunised. The incubation time and clinical picture did not differ between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated @entity1 . INVESTIGATIONS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: All 5 patients were anti-HAV IgM-positive, had high serum aminotransferases and serum @entity648 . All @entity1 had an uneventful recovery. There was no difference in the clinical course between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Combined @entity99 /B vaccination according to the recommended schedule does not guarantee protection in elderly @entity1 . Before travelling in endemic areas, their antibody response after basic @entity99 /B vaccination should be determined.

title: [Acute @entity99 despite regular vaccination against XXXX and B].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis A']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 59-year-old @entity1 , her 55-year-old husband, their daughter, son and the son's girlfriend were admitted with acute icterus 32-34 days after a dinner when they had eaten shellfish. The father had been immunised against @entity99 and B with a combined vaccine (Twinrix(R)) and had completed the full vaccination schedule 47 days prior to this meal. His wife had been incompletely vaccinated with one injection 16 days prior and a second injection 13 days after the dinner. The other three @entity1 of the dinner had not been immunised. The incubation time and clinical picture did not differ between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated @entity1 . INVESTIGATIONS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: All 5 patients were anti-HAV IgM-positive, had high serum aminotransferases and serum @entity648 . All @entity1 had an uneventful recovery. There was no difference in the clinical course between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Combined @entity99 /B vaccination according to the recommended schedule does not guarantee protection in elderly @entity1 . Before travelling in endemic areas, their antibody response after basic @entity99 /B vaccination should be determined.

title: [Acute XXXX despite regular vaccination against @entity99 and B].

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis A']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: 1) To compare the effect of 2-day application of 0.2 mg @entity8508 i.v. every 4 hours (group I) with that of 5-day application of 1 mg i.v. every 4 hours (group II) in the treatment of @entity548 esophageal varices and @entity26566 . 2) To assess the incidence of adverse events. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-six @entity1 with @entity1575 (54 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 , average age 51 years) were randomized over a period of 2 years into 2 groups. Acute @entity548 was diagnosed endoscopically within 24 hours of its onset. The two groups fully comparable; treatment failure rated according to "Baveno II". RESULTS: Success rate in group I was 78% at day 2 and 75% at day 5; in group II 89% and 79%, respectively (no statistical significance). Rebleeding had occurred by day 5 in 15% in group I, and in 16.3% in group II. Transfusion needs by day 2 were significantly lower in group II (2.4 units compare to 3.4 units in I). The 30-day mortality was 17.1% in group I and 20% in group II. No statistical difference between I and II in the occurrence of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: At a dosage of 1 mg i.v. every 4 hours, the success rate at day 2 was as much as 90% while blood consumption was significantly lower compared with the lower dosage. Rebleeding during first 48 hours occurred almost exclusively at lower dosage. There was no increase in the rate of adverse events relative to the higher dosage.

title: Double-blind randomized, comparative multicenter study of the effect of XXXX in the treatment of acute esophageal variceal and/or hypertensive @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity26566 :: ('MESH:D006975', 'Disease') :: ['portal gastropathy']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity8508 :: (MESH:C012078,Chemical) :: ['terlipressin']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: 1) To compare the effect of 2-day application of 0.2 mg @entity8508 i.v. every 4 hours (group I) with that of 5-day application of 1 mg i.v. every 4 hours (group II) in the treatment of @entity548 esophageal varices and @entity26566 . 2) To assess the incidence of adverse events. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-six @entity1 with @entity1575 (54 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 , average age 51 years) were randomized over a period of 2 years into 2 groups. Acute @entity548 was diagnosed endoscopically within 24 hours of its onset. The two groups fully comparable; treatment failure rated according to "Baveno II". RESULTS: Success rate in group I was 78% at day 2 and 75% at day 5; in group II 89% and 79%, respectively (no statistical significance). Rebleeding had occurred by day 5 in 15% in group I, and in 16.3% in group II. Transfusion needs by day 2 were significantly lower in group II (2.4 units compare to 3.4 units in I). The 30-day mortality was 17.1% in group I and 20% in group II. No statistical difference between I and II in the occurrence of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: At a dosage of 1 mg i.v. every 4 hours, the success rate at day 2 was as much as 90% while blood consumption was significantly lower compared with the lower dosage. Rebleeding during first 48 hours occurred almost exclusively at lower dosage. There was no increase in the rate of adverse events relative to the higher dosage.

title: Double-blind randomized, comparative multicenter study of the effect of @entity8508 in the treatment of acute esophageal variceal and/or hypertensive XXXX .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['gastropathy bleeding']


abstract: A 12-year experience of therapy for @entity418 in a community-based @entity5 center was reviewed retrospectively. Of a total of 88 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity189 30 (34.1%) underwent curative esophagectomy. Twelve @entity1 received preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Fourteen esophagectomies were performed transhiatally and 16 via the thoracolaparotomy approach. The average distance from incisors was 32.2 and 32.1 cm, respectively. Overall morbidity was 36.7%, with major complications in 30% of @entity1 . Mortality was 3.3%. A comparison of @entity1 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (12 @entity1 ) and surgery alone (18 @entity1 ) showed no statistical difference in morbidity, mortality, or length of hospital stay. Analysis of these parameters in groups of @entity1 operated via the transhiatal versus thoracolaparotomy approach demonstrated statistically lower morbidity (14.3% versus 56.3%, respectively), with no difference in mortality and a trend toward a shorter hospital stay in the former group. Overall survival at 3 years was 63.9%. In the combined therapy group, 90.9% of @entity1 survived 3 years compared to 40.4% in the surgery only group (P = 0.0177). There was a trend toward better survival in the group of @entity1 treated via the transhiatal approach. This study demonstrated that curative therapy for @entity418 can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality in a community teaching hospital.

title: Results of curative therapy for XXXX in a community training hospital.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the clinical performance of rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGPCL) in @entity1 with @entity528 ( @entity528 ). METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 15 @entity1 with clinical @entity528 , confirmed by videokeratography ( @entity938 , Computed Anatomy, Inc., New York, NY). Information collected from the medical records included @entity1 demographic data, uncorrected visual acuity, refraction, best-corrected spectacle visual acuity, and topographic details, including kerotometry. Twenty-seven of 30 eyes were subjected to several contact lens trials using @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) contact lenses, using a systematic and consistent approach. After successful contact lens trials, data regarding number of trials, trial time, final contact lens choice parameters, and best-corrected contact lens visual acuity were noted for each @entity1 . During follow-up, visual acuity with RGPCLs, lens fit, and average wearing time were noted. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (30 eyes) with typically inferiorly located @entity528 were included in this study. There were 12 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , with a mean age of 39.73 years. Twenty-seven eyes of 15 @entity1 were identified as subjects for multiple contact lens trials, and 24 (88.8%) eyes were successfully fitted with RGPCLs. Best-corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better with spectacles was achieved in 14 (46.66%) eyes. The average @entity940 was -8.56D, and a majority of the @entity1 with @entity528 who were in the contact lens trial had an against-the-rule @entity940 (63.3%). The mean trial time for attempted eyes (i.e., @entity1 with @entity528 who successfully underwent the contact lens trials) was 77.7 minutes, and the number of trials required to finalize the choice of contact lenses ranged between 2 and 7. The median base curve for RGP lenses was 7.57, and median diameter was 10.00 mm. Best-corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better with the final contact lens was achieved in 95.4% of the subjects. After an average follow-up of 22.91 months, one @entity1 was lost to follow-up, and 2 eyes required discontinuation of the contact lenses. The average wearing time among the contact lens wearers at their last follow-up visits was 9.58 hours. Final visual acuity of 6/12 or better was observed in 77.3% of eyes at the end of 22.91 months. CONCLUSION: Large-diameter RGPCLs are better tolerated and lead to significant improvement in visual acuity in inferior @entity528 .

title: Management of XXXX with rigid gas permeable contact lenses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['pellucid marginal corneal degeneration', 'PMCD']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['pellucid marginal corneal degeneration']


abstract: We injected @entity3990 , @entity3989 , saline, and various @entity2656 solutions (5, 10, 20 weight/weight) into the right common carotid artery of anesthetized @entity95 . To determine the cardiovascular responses to these injections, we measured and analyzed the changes in mean aortic pressure, mean carotid blood flow and its duration, volume of carotid blood flow, and resistance of carotid vascular bed. The volume change of carotid blood flow was calculated by the integration of blood flow. Mean aortic pressure decreased transiently and then returned to control levels within 10-20 seconds from the beginning of the injection for all agents. Carotid blood flow increased and carotid vascular bed resistance decreased transiently, returning to control levels within 10-20 seconds after the injection; the duration was found to be influenced by the agent's osmolality. Therefore, volume change was analyzed because it is a concurrent index of flow and duration. The cardiovascular response to each test agent was proportional to the agent's osmolality. Pearson's correlation coefficient was the highest between the volume change (increase) of carotid blood flow and the agent's osmolality (r = .8091). Increased volume of carotid blood flow appears to be a useful index for estimating the vasodilatory effects of contrast media. @entity3990 caused less severe cardiovascular responses than @entity3989 in experimental common carotid angiography; however, the responses were greater than for saline.

title: Cardiovascular responses following the intracarotid injections of ionic and nonionic contrast media compared with various XXXX solutions. Correlation with osmolality.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3989 :: ('MESH:D003974', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine diatrizoate']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['Iopamidol', 'iopamidol']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An increased incidence of @entity3969 has been noted in @entity1 with a @entity8 . These represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The charts of all National @entity3969 Study Group (NWTSG) @entity1 with @entity3969 occurring in a @entity8 were reviewed. METHODS: From 1969 to 1998, 8,617 @entity1 were enrolled in the NWTSG. Forty-one @entity1 were found to have a @entity3969 arising in a @entity8 for an incidence of 0.48%. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Horseshoe kidney was not recognized preoperatively in 13 @entity1 , 10 of whom were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). Four of the 10 also had renal ultrasonography and one an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Two of the 13 were evaluated with an IVP only, and the last had no preoperative imaging studies performed. Stage at presentation was stage I, 10 pts; stage II, 10; stage III, 12; stage IV, 6; stage V, 3. Primary surgical resection was performed in 26 @entity1 , including 23 nephrectomies and 3 partial nephrectomies. Fifteen @entity1 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy after initial biopsy of the @entity5 . The mean total remaining @entity8 after all operations (excluding treatment of relapses) was approximately 75%. @entity532 occurred in 14.6% of @entity1 , including 2 urine leaks, 2 @entity1695 , and 1 @entity1901 . Two @entity1 had transient @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity8 often was missed on preoperative imaging. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in planning the operative approach and may help to decrease complications related to transection of the urinary collecting system. Although 37% of @entity1 with @entity3969 arising in a @entity8 were judged inoperable at initial exploration, all were amenable to resection after chemotherapy.

title: The occurrence of @entity3969 in XXXX : a report from the National @entity3969 Study Group (NWTSG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma', 'horseshoe kidney']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injury']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstructions']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms Tumor', 'Wilms tumor']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['horseshoe kidneys']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An increased incidence of @entity3969 has been noted in @entity1 with a @entity8 . These represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The charts of all National @entity3969 Study Group (NWTSG) @entity1 with @entity3969 occurring in a @entity8 were reviewed. METHODS: From 1969 to 1998, 8,617 @entity1 were enrolled in the NWTSG. Forty-one @entity1 were found to have a @entity3969 arising in a @entity8 for an incidence of 0.48%. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Horseshoe kidney was not recognized preoperatively in 13 @entity1 , 10 of whom were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). Four of the 10 also had renal ultrasonography and one an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Two of the 13 were evaluated with an IVP only, and the last had no preoperative imaging studies performed. Stage at presentation was stage I, 10 pts; stage II, 10; stage III, 12; stage IV, 6; stage V, 3. Primary surgical resection was performed in 26 @entity1 , including 23 nephrectomies and 3 partial nephrectomies. Fifteen @entity1 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy after initial biopsy of the @entity5 . The mean total remaining @entity8 after all operations (excluding treatment of relapses) was approximately 75%. @entity532 occurred in 14.6% of @entity1 , including 2 urine leaks, 2 @entity1695 , and 1 @entity1901 . Two @entity1 had transient @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity8 often was missed on preoperative imaging. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in planning the operative approach and may help to decrease complications related to transection of the urinary collecting system. Although 37% of @entity1 with @entity3969 arising in a @entity8 were judged inoperable at initial exploration, all were amenable to resection after chemotherapy.

title: The occurrence of XXXX in @entity8 : a report from the National @entity3969 Study Group (NWTSG).

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An increased incidence of @entity3969 has been noted in @entity1 with a @entity8 . These represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The charts of all National @entity3969 Study Group (NWTSG) @entity1 with @entity3969 occurring in a @entity8 were reviewed. METHODS: From 1969 to 1998, 8,617 @entity1 were enrolled in the NWTSG. Forty-one @entity1 were found to have a @entity3969 arising in a @entity8 for an incidence of 0.48%. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Horseshoe kidney was not recognized preoperatively in 13 @entity1 , 10 of whom were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). Four of the 10 also had renal ultrasonography and one an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Two of the 13 were evaluated with an IVP only, and the last had no preoperative imaging studies performed. Stage at presentation was stage I, 10 pts; stage II, 10; stage III, 12; stage IV, 6; stage V, 3. Primary surgical resection was performed in 26 @entity1 , including 23 nephrectomies and 3 partial nephrectomies. Fifteen @entity1 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy after initial biopsy of the @entity5 . The mean total remaining @entity8 after all operations (excluding treatment of relapses) was approximately 75%. @entity532 occurred in 14.6% of @entity1 , including 2 urine leaks, 2 @entity1695 , and 1 @entity1901 . Two @entity1 had transient @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity8 often was missed on preoperative imaging. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in planning the operative approach and may help to decrease complications related to transection of the urinary collecting system. Although 37% of @entity1 with @entity3969 arising in a @entity8 were judged inoperable at initial exploration, all were amenable to resection after chemotherapy.

title: The occurrence of @entity3969 in @entity8 : a report from the National XXXX Study Group (NWTSG).

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic ear surgery is difficult. The management of such a disease either with or without @entity3540 and in an only hearing ear is particularly challenging. Consequences of disease or unintended outcomes of therapy can both result in @entity1 lifestyle alterations of major proportion. This report offers a diagnostic and treatment plan for @entity2172 with and without @entity3540 in the only hearing ear. METHODS: More than 10,000 charts of @entity1 with @entity2172 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven charts of @entity1 with @entity2172 in an only hearing ear who underwent surgical treatment were identified. The @entity1 were followed for an average time of 43 months. RESULTS: Overall, the @entity2172 was well controlled, and there was no change in the average discrimination or hearing thresholds when comparing preoperative and postoperative results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity102 media with and without @entity3540 in an only hearing ear can be treated successfully with hearing preservation. Canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy is performed in most cases. Manipulation of the ossicular chain is avoided, and @entity3540 that lies over a potential @entity292 is exteriorized.

title: Management of XXXX in the only hearing ear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis media']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis media']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze malpractice litigation initiated by @entity1 with @entity1697 as a result of allegations concerning their diagnosis and treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Jury verdict reviews from 1984 to 2000 were obtained from a computerized legal database and analyzed. Reviews compile pertinent data on defendants, plaintiffs, verdict outcomes, indemnity payments, and allegations of wrongdoing and provide case summaries. Fifty cases from 21 of all 50 states were obtained. Data were entered into a spreadsheet for analysis. RESULTS: Overall, a young age (mean age, 45 y) and poor oncological outcome (47% dead) were seen. The younger age group (<47 y) had a better outcome (65% without disease), were more often misdiagnosed (19%), won awards (60%), and had higher awards (average award,  755,824) as compared with those older than 47 years of age, who had 39% without disease, 0% misdiagnosed, and 52% who won awards that were less, on average, at  495,417. Failure to diagnose the @entity5 was alleged, overall, in 43 of 50 cases (86%), and in general practice, dentists, and otolaryngologist in 100%, 85%, and 89%, respectively. Suits alleging a delay in diagnosis of less than 3 months were defendant verdicts in 86%, and of more than 3 months, in 40%. Failures to perform biopsy and to refer were common allegations. CONCLUSIONS: Young age of @entity1 bringing litigation is seen in @entity1 with @entity5 . These @entity1 frequently have poor oncological outcomes. Risk management goals to prevent delays in diagnosis may help prevent subsequent litigation.

title: XXXX and medical malpractice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['Cancer of the oral cavity']


abstract: The effect of @entity1242 and @entity5018 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity397 or the @entity397 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity235 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity1188 , n = 22) and @entity1188 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity1242 , 30 mg oral @entity3763 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity5018 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity1242 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity5018 increased diastolic area. @entity1188 subgroups showed @entity1188 shrinkage and more @entity1188 @entity720 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity1188 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity1242 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity5018 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity5018 but remained unchanged with @entity1242 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity1242 and @entity5018 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity1242 during the first week after @entity1188 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of @entity1242 and @entity5018 on left ventricular topography and XXXX threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: The effect of @entity1242 and @entity5018 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity397 or the @entity397 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity235 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity1188 , n = 22) and @entity1188 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity1242 , 30 mg oral @entity3763 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity5018 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity1242 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity5018 increased diastolic area. @entity1188 subgroups showed @entity1188 shrinkage and more @entity1188 @entity720 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity1188 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity1242 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity5018 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity5018 but remained unchanged with @entity1242 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity1242 and @entity5018 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity1242 during the first week after @entity1188 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of @entity1242 and XXXX on left ventricular topography and @entity397 threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the @entity235 .

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: The effect of @entity1242 and @entity5018 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity397 or the @entity397 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity235 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity1188 , n = 22) and @entity1188 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity1242 , 30 mg oral @entity3763 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity5018 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity1242 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity5018 increased diastolic area. @entity1188 subgroups showed @entity1188 shrinkage and more @entity1188 @entity720 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity1188 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity1242 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity5018 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity5018 but remained unchanged with @entity1242 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity1242 and @entity5018 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity1242 during the first week after @entity1188 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity5018 on left ventricular topography and @entity397 threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the @entity235 .

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: The effect of @entity1242 and @entity5018 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity397 or the @entity397 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity235 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity1188 , n = 22) and @entity1188 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity1242 , 30 mg oral @entity3763 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity5018 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity1242 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity5018 increased diastolic area. @entity1188 subgroups showed @entity1188 shrinkage and more @entity1188 @entity720 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity1188 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity1242 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity5018 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity5018 but remained unchanged with @entity1242 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity1242 and @entity5018 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity1242 during the first week after @entity1188 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of @entity1242 and @entity5018 on left ventricular topography and @entity397 threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: There are conflicting reports in the literature concerning the immunotoxic effects of @entity3215 ( @entity5241 ) on cell-mediated immune responses. In the studies reported here, we show that the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in response to allogeneic @entity5 challenge is sensitive to suppression by 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl[(345)2-HxCB], a poorly metabolized, toxic, Ah receptor-binding @entity5241 isomer. C57B1/6 @entity19 treated with a single oral dose of (345)2-HxCB two days prior to the i.p. injection of allogeneic @entity19 @entity5 cells exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in peak CTL activity in the spleen. When examined on a kinetic basis, the CTL response was reduced in magnitude on all days examined with no evidence for a shift in the kinetics of the response induced by (345)2-HxCB exposure. (345)2-HxCB exposure prior to antigen challenge (day -14, -7, or -1 relative to P815 injection on day 0) produced significant suppression of the CTL response. (345)2-HxCB exposure 6 weeks prior to antigen challenge was still significantly suppressive, although the reduced degree of suppression suggested that recovery was in progress. When (345)2-HxCB exposure occurred after antigen challenge, significant suppression was produced only when exposure occurred within the first three days of the response, suggesting that, as the CTL matured, their sensitivity to (345)2-HxCB diminished. Clearance of the allogeneic @entity5 cells from the peritoneal cavity was delayed in (345)2-HxCB-treated @entity19 and was associated with an altered composition of the white blood cell infiltrate in the peritoneal cavity. Symptoms of overt @entity137 as well as immunotoxicity were apparent at lower doses of (345)2-HxCB in male as compared to female @entity19 . In addition, interactive effects of (345)2-HxCB exposure and P815 antigen challenge on body weight and thymic involution were observed in both male and female @entity19 . Possible mechanisms for the altered CTL response in (345)2-HxCB-exposed @entity19 are discussed.

title: Suppression of allograft immunity by 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. I. Effects of exposure on XXXX rejection and cytotoxic T cell activity in vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence, etiology, and outcome of @entity16 after major gynecologic surgery and to recommend management and prevention strategies for these complications. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who @entity16 after major pelvic surgery between July 1995 and June 2001 were reviewed. @entity130 , treatment, and outcome were determined from the @entity1 charts. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 1210 @entity1 undergoing major pelvic surgery during the defined period suffered a @entity86 for an incidence of 1.9%. @entity16 involved the obturator (n = 9), ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric (n = 5), genitofemoral (n = 4), femoral (n = 3), and lumbosacral nerve plexus (n = 2) in these @entity1 . Etiologies were a result of direct surgical @entity130 , @entity130 , suture entrapment, or were retractor related. All @entity1 with @entity51 were treated with physiotherapy, and pharmacologic or surgical management was used in @entity1 with @entity51 or @entity158 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 experienced full recovery; the only @entity1 with persistent symptoms were those with unrepaired nerve transection or @entity130 . Both time to diagnosis and time to resolution varied widely. CONCLUSION: @entity16 are infrequently associated with major pelvic surgery. We observed a 73% complete recovery rate, and time to resolution varied depending on the severity of injury. Physical therapy plays a valuable role in managing these @entity1 , but some may require surgery for relief of their symptoms.

title: XXXX after major pelvic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic injury', 'Neuropathies', 'neuropathies', 'suffered neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficits', 'motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the lumbosacral plexus', 'Mechanism of injury', 'trauma', 'stretch injury']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative neuropathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of selected major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the presence of @entity189 and @entity75 of the cervix. We also attempted to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of the selected MHC antigens in each grade of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and invasive @entity189 . METHODS: Quantitative comparative analysis of MHC class I and class II expression between specimens of the uterine cervix was carried out. For detecting human @entity4107 molecules, two primary antibodies were used, recognizing either epitopes of all free heavy chain class I molecules or epitopes of the HLA- @entity13620 antigen. HLA class II antigens were detected by antibodies reacting with the @entity7722 of the HLA-DR molecule. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was carried out using paraffin-embedded sections. The following groups of sections were formed: squamous metaplasia, @entity3146 of different grades, and @entity189 . The specimens were taken from @entity1 in whom routine histopathologic diagnosis of @entity75 had been performed. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the mean number of stained cells showing expression of MHC class I antigens ( @entity29152 and @entity13620 ) was found in the invasive @entity5 group of specimens. A decrease in @entity13620 expression was also found in the @entity3146 group. The highest expression of the HLA-DR antigens was detected in the metaplastic epithelium compared to the other groups. In the @entity6349 epithelium the expression of the HLA-DR antigens was increased in the highest grade of @entity1141 ( @entity3146 ). Upregulation of HLA-DR expression was detected in invasive @entity5 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in MHC expression are found in @entity75 and @entity957 of the uterine cervix. Quantitative assessment with the use of an image analysis system is valuable in helping to discriminate staining patterns of HLA expression. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of selected MHC antigens.

title: Alterations in the expression of selected MHC antigens in @entity75 and XXXX of the uterine cervix.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN', 'CIN III']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of selected major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the presence of @entity189 and @entity75 of the cervix. We also attempted to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of the selected MHC antigens in each grade of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and invasive @entity189 . METHODS: Quantitative comparative analysis of MHC class I and class II expression between specimens of the uterine cervix was carried out. For detecting human @entity4107 molecules, two primary antibodies were used, recognizing either epitopes of all free heavy chain class I molecules or epitopes of the HLA- @entity13620 antigen. HLA class II antigens were detected by antibodies reacting with the @entity7722 of the HLA-DR molecule. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was carried out using paraffin-embedded sections. The following groups of sections were formed: squamous metaplasia, @entity3146 of different grades, and @entity189 . The specimens were taken from @entity1 in whom routine histopathologic diagnosis of @entity75 had been performed. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the mean number of stained cells showing expression of MHC class I antigens ( @entity29152 and @entity13620 ) was found in the invasive @entity5 group of specimens. A decrease in @entity13620 expression was also found in the @entity3146 group. The highest expression of the HLA-DR antigens was detected in the metaplastic epithelium compared to the other groups. In the @entity6349 epithelium the expression of the HLA-DR antigens was increased in the highest grade of @entity1141 ( @entity3146 ). Upregulation of HLA-DR expression was detected in invasive @entity5 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in MHC expression are found in @entity75 and @entity957 of the uterine cervix. Quantitative assessment with the use of an image analysis system is valuable in helping to discriminate staining patterns of HLA expression. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of selected MHC antigens.

title: Alterations in the expression of selected MHC antigens in XXXX and @entity957 of the uterine cervix.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major surgery is frequently associated with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in elderly @entity1 . Type of surgery and hospitalization may be important prognostic factors. The aims of the study were to find the incidence and risk factors for @entity73 in elderly @entity1 undergoing minor surgery. METHODS: We enrolled 372 @entity1 aged greater than 60 years scheduled for minor surgery under general anesthesia. According to local practice, @entity1 were allocated to either in- (199) or out- @entity1 (173) care. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing preoperatively and 7 days and 3 months postoperatively. @entity73 was defined using Z-score analysis. RESULTS: At 7 days, the incidence (confidence interval) of @entity73 in @entity1 undergoing minor surgery was 6.8% (4.3-10.1). At 3 months the incidence of @entity73 was 6.6% (4.1-10.0). Logistic regression analysis identified the following significant risk factors: age greater than 70 years (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8 [1.7-8.7], P = 0.01) and in- vs. out- @entity1 surgery (OR: 2.8 [1.2-6.3], P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding of less @entity73 in the first postoperative week in elderly @entity1 undergoing minor surgery on an out- @entity1 basis supports a strategy of avoiding hospitalization of older @entity1 when possible.

title: XXXX after minor surgery in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['POCD', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'postoperative cognitive dysfunction', 'Postoperative cognitive dysfunction']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: We report three @entity1 with blastic natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) (two @entity1 ) or subacute @entity1778 (one @entity1 ). In two @entity1 @entity2590 was diagnosed before @entity272 ; the @entity1 with @entity1778 initially presented with @entity272 . Our @entity1 had several clinical features in common, namely multiple @entity272 with a @entity2981 -like appearance, involvement of the oral mucosa, and good general status at presentation but very rapid deterioration in the course of the disease. All @entity1 died of disease 4-14 months after the diagnosis. Histopathologically, there were cutaneous infiltrates of slightly pleomorphic medium-sized cells expressing @entity404 , @entity2940 , @entity10730 (focally) and being negative for surface CD3, cytotoxic molecules, B-cell-associated markers and myelomonocytic markers. Erythrocyte extravasation was seen in all @entity1 . T-cell receptor genes were in germline configuration. @entity2590 was classified as @entity1503 with @entity1141 and @entity27487 and @entity417 with transition to @entity417 . We reviewed similar cases reported in the literature showing coexistence of @entity1892 / @entity1778 and @entity2590 or @entity1778 . We conclude that given an overall limited number of reported cases of @entity1892 / @entity1778 , its association with various @entity9713 seen in a subset of @entity1 ( approximately 15-20%) is more than coincidental and may indicate their common origin.

title: Blastic natural killer-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with @entity2590 or XXXX : a coincidence or more?

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase']

entities_list: @entity27487 :: ('MESH:D000756', 'Disease') :: ['ring sideroblasts']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anaemia', 'refractory anaemia with excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'myelomonocytic leukaemia', 'myelogenous leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['blastic NK-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['multilineage dysplasia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['myelogenous leukaemia']


abstract: We report three @entity1 with blastic natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) (two @entity1 ) or subacute @entity1778 (one @entity1 ). In two @entity1 @entity2590 was diagnosed before @entity272 ; the @entity1 with @entity1778 initially presented with @entity272 . Our @entity1 had several clinical features in common, namely multiple @entity272 with a @entity2981 -like appearance, involvement of the oral mucosa, and good general status at presentation but very rapid deterioration in the course of the disease. All @entity1 died of disease 4-14 months after the diagnosis. Histopathologically, there were cutaneous infiltrates of slightly pleomorphic medium-sized cells expressing @entity404 , @entity2940 , @entity10730 (focally) and being negative for surface CD3, cytotoxic molecules, B-cell-associated markers and myelomonocytic markers. Erythrocyte extravasation was seen in all @entity1 . T-cell receptor genes were in germline configuration. @entity2590 was classified as @entity1503 with @entity1141 and @entity27487 and @entity417 with transition to @entity417 . We reviewed similar cases reported in the literature showing coexistence of @entity1892 / @entity1778 and @entity2590 or @entity1778 . We conclude that given an overall limited number of reported cases of @entity1892 / @entity1778 , its association with various @entity9713 seen in a subset of @entity1 ( approximately 15-20%) is more than coincidental and may indicate their common origin.

title: Blastic natural killer-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with XXXX or @entity1778 : a coincidence or more?

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pregnancy on renal function, and the effect of congenital urinary tract abnormality and reconstruction on pregnancy and delivery. @entity1 AND METHODS: The case notes were reviewed of 20 @entity1 (median age 32.5 years) who had had 29 live babies. Data collected included @entity1 demographics, @entity154 , urological reconstructive procedure(s) and any subsequent urological complications. Pregnancy details, including urological and obstetric complications, presentation and mode of delivery, were obtained via a postal questionnaire from the relevant obstetrician. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 had exstrophy- @entity7890 , seven @entity3570 , two @entity10145 , and one each @entity306 , @entity7890 , @entity1494 with @entity3025 and @entity322 . They had had a mean (range) of 5.7 (1-12) urological reconstructive procedures each. @entity1 with exstrophy- @entity7890 had significantly more operations (mean 7.8) than those with @entity3570 (mean 4.14) or other diagnoses (mean 2.6) (P < 0.01). At the last follow-up 13 @entity1 had an enterocystoplasty, six a neobladder and one an ileal conduit. @entity14422 were @entity293 in 15, upper tract obstruction requiring nephrostomy and stent in three, Mitrofanoff difficulties in two and @entity2885 in one. There was no significant deterioration in glomerular filtration rate or serum @entity1011 after pregnancy. Only 10 of the births were normal or assisted vaginal deliveries. Seven @entity1 had emergency and 12 had elective Caesarean sections for obstetric indications, including four breech births in the seven @entity1 with vesical exstrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy has no long-term effect on renal function and does not compromise reconstruction. Although there is a substantial complication rate and an increased need for Caesarean section, pregnancy in @entity1 with lower urinary tract reconstruction for congenital urological abnormalities is ultimately safe for both mother and baby. Interdisciplinary co-operation is desirable for a successful outcome.

title: Pregnancy after lower urinary tract reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital urological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['congenital incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['imperforate anus and small bladder']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesico-ureteric reflux']

entities_list: @entity14422 :: ('MESH:D011248', 'Disease') :: ['Pregnancy-related urological complications']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['sacral agenesis']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital abnormalities']


abstract: A variety of disease processes can affect the retina and/or the optic nerve, including vascular or @entity63 , inflammatory or infectious disease, and @entity179 . These disease processes may selectively damage certain parts of the retina or optic nerve, and the specific areas that are damaged may have implications for the design of potential therapeutic visual prosthetic devices. Outer @entity989 include age-related @entity1020 , pathologic @entity1714 , and @entity6391 . Although the retinal photoreceptors may be lost, the inner retina is relatively well-preserved in these diseases and may be a target for retinal prosthetic devices. Inner @entity989 include @entity989 such as @entity6 , @entity732 , and @entity989 . Other @entity989 such as @entity5517 ( @entity2479 , @entity3225 ) may affect all retinal layers. Because the inner retinal cells, including the @entity2479 cells, may be destroyed in these diseases (inner retinal or whole retinal), prosthetic devices that stimulate the inner retina may not be effective. Common @entity1781 include @entity726 , @entity7995 , and @entity1781 . Because the ganglion cell nerve fibers themselves are damaged, visual prosthetics for these diseases will need to target more distal portions of the visual pathway, such as the visual cortex. Clearly, a sound understanding of @entity5995 and @entity1781 pathophysiology is critical for designing and choosing the optimal visual prosthetic device.

title: Retinal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis', 'retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy', 'optic nerve disease', 'optic nerve diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'retinal vascular diseases', 'retinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal venous occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve diseases']


abstract: Cytokines may facilitate lymphocyte traffic by modulating @entity4973 structure and lymphocyte binding function in accordance with local tissue requirements. This study investigated whether the morphology of HEVs and their lymphocyte binding ligand are altered following antigenic challenge and evaluated the role of @entity60 in the induction of such changes. The morphology and lymphocyte binding function of mesenteric LN HEVs of GFM exposed to environmental pathogens were compared to those from GFM and conventional @entity19 . Lymph nodes from all @entity19 had microscopically identifiable HEVs. The morphology of HEVs from GFM was not uniform; many HEVs contained flat endothelial cells with sparse cytoplasm and prominent interendothelial gaps. The number of lymphocytes within the lumen and the @entity4973 wall was low. In contrast, HEVs from GFME and conventional @entity19 were characterized by cuboidal endothelial cells with plentiful cytoplasm and large numbers of lymphocytes in the vessel wall and lumen. There was no delineation of interendothelial cell borders. Lymphocyte binding to HEVs of lymph node sections from GFM was reduced (mean +/- SEM: 1.08 +/- 0.15) compared to that of conventional @entity19 (1.91 +/- 0.20), P less than 0.003. GFME had augmented lymphocyte binding (2.23 +/- 0.26) to levels comparable with those of conventional @entity19 . GFM injected intraperitoneally with @entity60 , IFN-alpha beta, or diluent resulted in minor changes in @entity4973 morphology. By contrast, lymphocyte binding to @entity4973 of GFM was more than doubled by the injection of @entity60 (1.95 +/- 0.25), P less than 0.01, but not IFN-alpha beta (0.54 +/- 0.07) or the relevant diluent controls (0.89 +/- 0.11, 0.56 +/- 0.06, respectively). It appears that the @entity4973 binding ligand is inducible, and its expression is regulated by at least one immunomodulator, @entity60 . Although short-term exposure of HEVs to @entity60 influenced @entity4973 function it caused only minor changes in morphology.

title: High endothelial venule morphology and function are inducible in germ-free @entity19 : a possible role for XXXX .

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: Cytokines may facilitate lymphocyte traffic by modulating @entity4973 structure and lymphocyte binding function in accordance with local tissue requirements. This study investigated whether the morphology of HEVs and their lymphocyte binding ligand are altered following antigenic challenge and evaluated the role of @entity60 in the induction of such changes. The morphology and lymphocyte binding function of mesenteric LN HEVs of GFM exposed to environmental pathogens were compared to those from GFM and conventional @entity19 . Lymph nodes from all @entity19 had microscopically identifiable HEVs. The morphology of HEVs from GFM was not uniform; many HEVs contained flat endothelial cells with sparse cytoplasm and prominent interendothelial gaps. The number of lymphocytes within the lumen and the @entity4973 wall was low. In contrast, HEVs from GFME and conventional @entity19 were characterized by cuboidal endothelial cells with plentiful cytoplasm and large numbers of lymphocytes in the vessel wall and lumen. There was no delineation of interendothelial cell borders. Lymphocyte binding to HEVs of lymph node sections from GFM was reduced (mean +/- SEM: 1.08 +/- 0.15) compared to that of conventional @entity19 (1.91 +/- 0.20), P less than 0.003. GFME had augmented lymphocyte binding (2.23 +/- 0.26) to levels comparable with those of conventional @entity19 . GFM injected intraperitoneally with @entity60 , IFN-alpha beta, or diluent resulted in minor changes in @entity4973 morphology. By contrast, lymphocyte binding to @entity4973 of GFM was more than doubled by the injection of @entity60 (1.95 +/- 0.25), P less than 0.01, but not IFN-alpha beta (0.54 +/- 0.07) or the relevant diluent controls (0.89 +/- 0.11, 0.56 +/- 0.06, respectively). It appears that the @entity4973 binding ligand is inducible, and its expression is regulated by at least one immunomodulator, @entity60 . Although short-term exposure of HEVs to @entity60 influenced @entity4973 function it caused only minor changes in morphology.

title: High endothelial venule morphology and function are inducible in germ-free XXXX : a possible role for @entity60 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A dye exclusion method was used for testing the sensitivity of primary @entity1 @entity1582 and normal bone-marrow cells to interferon ( @entity3027 ). Following 4 days of incubation with 5000 units/ml of natural (n) @entity3027 , there was a greater than 90% decrease in the number of viable @entity1582 cells in cultures from some @entity1 , whereas @entity1582 cells from other @entity1 showed intermediate or no sensitivity to @entity3027 . The number of viable non-malignant bone-marrow cells (from the same @entity1 ) following a 4-day exposure to nIFN-alpha (5000 units/ml) decreased by 10-60%. Exposure of malignant and non-malignant bone-marrow cells to natural beta- and recombinant alpha- and gamma- @entity3027 , also induced a decrease in the number of viable cells. The decreased number of viable @entity1582 cells could be observed already after 1 day of exposure to @entity3027 in vitro. To test whether inhibition of proliferation could account for the observed effects, proliferation, as measured by @entity665 uptake, was studied in some experiments. Only approx. 1-2% of the @entity1582 cells were labeled with @entity665 during the 4 days of culture in vitro, whereas the proportion of labeled non-malignant cells was approx. 40%. Thus, the @entity3027 -induced reduction of cell number in normal bone-marrow cells could possibly be attributed to a cell multiplication inhibitory effect of @entity3027 , whereas the effect observed in @entity1582 cells cannot be attributed to cell multiplication inhibition. To test the possibility that the reduction in the number of @entity1582 cells could be attributed to the activity of autologous cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells or macrophages, these cells were depleted in some experiments. Depletion of these cells did not, however, influence the @entity3027 -induced decrease in the number of viable @entity1582 cells. We thus conclude that @entity3027 can reduce the number of viable @entity5 cells by a cytotoxic effect, unrelated to cell multiplication inhibition.

title: Interferon exerts a cytotoxic effect on primary @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: A dye exclusion method was used for testing the sensitivity of primary @entity1 @entity1582 and normal bone-marrow cells to interferon ( @entity3027 ). Following 4 days of incubation with 5000 units/ml of natural (n) @entity3027 , there was a greater than 90% decrease in the number of viable @entity1582 cells in cultures from some @entity1 , whereas @entity1582 cells from other @entity1 showed intermediate or no sensitivity to @entity3027 . The number of viable non-malignant bone-marrow cells (from the same @entity1 ) following a 4-day exposure to nIFN-alpha (5000 units/ml) decreased by 10-60%. Exposure of malignant and non-malignant bone-marrow cells to natural beta- and recombinant alpha- and gamma- @entity3027 , also induced a decrease in the number of viable cells. The decreased number of viable @entity1582 cells could be observed already after 1 day of exposure to @entity3027 in vitro. To test whether inhibition of proliferation could account for the observed effects, proliferation, as measured by @entity665 uptake, was studied in some experiments. Only approx. 1-2% of the @entity1582 cells were labeled with @entity665 during the 4 days of culture in vitro, whereas the proportion of labeled non-malignant cells was approx. 40%. Thus, the @entity3027 -induced reduction of cell number in normal bone-marrow cells could possibly be attributed to a cell multiplication inhibitory effect of @entity3027 , whereas the effect observed in @entity1582 cells cannot be attributed to cell multiplication inhibition. To test the possibility that the reduction in the number of @entity1582 cells could be attributed to the activity of autologous cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells or macrophages, these cells were depleted in some experiments. Depletion of these cells did not, however, influence the @entity3027 -induced decrease in the number of viable @entity1582 cells. We thus conclude that @entity3027 can reduce the number of viable @entity5 cells by a cytotoxic effect, unrelated to cell multiplication inhibition.

title: Interferon exerts a cytotoxic effect on primary XXXX @entity1582 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to deform is important for circulating RBCs in vivo, and earlier studies showed that this property can objectively be measured in vitro by the LORCA. In this study it was investigated whether photodynamic treatment of @entity1 RBCs (meant to inactivate contaminating pathogens) affects deformability. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: WBC-reduced RBC suspensions (30% Hct) were treated with @entity21180 ( @entity21181 ) and red light. Changes in deformability were analyzed by LORCA measurements, in which elongation of the cells is measured at increasing shear stress. The effect of @entity21181 concentration and light dose was determined as well as the interfering effect of two scavengers of reactive @entity26 species, that is, @entity4341 and @entity22143 . RESULTS: Photodynamic treatment with @entity21181 resulted in clear changes in @entity85 . Deformability changes occurred before onset of @entity2142 . Under relatively mild treatment conditions, especially deformability at low shear stress was decreased, whereas deformability changes at high shear stress only occurred under harsher treatment conditions. Inclusion of @entity4341 and/or @entity22143 primarily prevented deformability changes at high shear stress. CONCLUSION: LORCA measurements can effectively be used to detect changes in deformability that are induced by photodynamic treatment of @entity1 RBCs. A change in deformability represents an early marker of RBC damage under these conditions.

title: Laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer measurements reveal early changes in @entity1 XXXX induced by photodynamic treatment.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['RBC deformability']

entities_list: @entity21180 :: ('MESH:C016401', 'Chemical') :: ['1,9-dimethylmethylene blue']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['RBC deformability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to deform is important for circulating RBCs in vivo, and earlier studies showed that this property can objectively be measured in vitro by the LORCA. In this study it was investigated whether photodynamic treatment of @entity1 RBCs (meant to inactivate contaminating pathogens) affects deformability. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: WBC-reduced RBC suspensions (30% Hct) were treated with @entity21180 ( @entity21181 ) and red light. Changes in deformability were analyzed by LORCA measurements, in which elongation of the cells is measured at increasing shear stress. The effect of @entity21181 concentration and light dose was determined as well as the interfering effect of two scavengers of reactive @entity26 species, that is, @entity4341 and @entity22143 . RESULTS: Photodynamic treatment with @entity21181 resulted in clear changes in @entity85 . Deformability changes occurred before onset of @entity2142 . Under relatively mild treatment conditions, especially deformability at low shear stress was decreased, whereas deformability changes at high shear stress only occurred under harsher treatment conditions. Inclusion of @entity4341 and/or @entity22143 primarily prevented deformability changes at high shear stress. CONCLUSION: LORCA measurements can effectively be used to detect changes in deformability that are induced by photodynamic treatment of @entity1 RBCs. A change in deformability represents an early marker of RBC damage under these conditions.

title: Laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer measurements reveal early changes in XXXX @entity85 induced by photodynamic treatment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Aerobic growth of @entity328 results in production of amounts of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. @entity274 production by @entity2260 has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing @entity2260 , a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of @entity274 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous @entity274 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added @entity274 . Pretreatment with @entity274 did not increase @entity274 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an @entity274 -inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less @entity21809 , a potential source of @entity855 . During @entity274 exposure, @entity855 levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid @entity855 depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that @entity2260 SpxB contributes to an @entity274 -resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although @entity274 -dependent @entity3787 radical production and the intracellular concentration of free @entity68 were similar to that of @entity526 , killing by @entity274 was unaffected by @entity68 chelators, suggesting that @entity2260 has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.

title: Factors contributing to XXXX resistance in @entity328 include @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity21809 :: ('MESH:C011632', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: Aerobic growth of @entity328 results in production of amounts of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. @entity274 production by @entity2260 has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing @entity2260 , a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of @entity274 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous @entity274 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added @entity274 . Pretreatment with @entity274 did not increase @entity274 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an @entity274 -inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less @entity21809 , a potential source of @entity855 . During @entity274 exposure, @entity855 levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid @entity855 depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that @entity2260 SpxB contributes to an @entity274 -resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although @entity274 -dependent @entity3787 radical production and the intracellular concentration of free @entity68 were similar to that of @entity526 , killing by @entity274 was unaffected by @entity68 chelators, suggesting that @entity2260 has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.

title: Factors contributing to @entity273 resistance in XXXX include @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction.

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Aerobic growth of @entity328 results in production of amounts of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. @entity274 production by @entity2260 has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing @entity2260 , a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of @entity274 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous @entity274 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added @entity274 . Pretreatment with @entity274 did not increase @entity274 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an @entity274 -inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less @entity21809 , a potential source of @entity855 . During @entity274 exposure, @entity855 levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid @entity855 depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that @entity2260 SpxB contributes to an @entity274 -resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although @entity274 -dependent @entity3787 radical production and the intracellular concentration of free @entity68 were similar to that of @entity526 , killing by @entity274 was unaffected by @entity68 chelators, suggesting that @entity2260 has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.

title: Factors contributing to @entity273 resistance in @entity328 include XXXX oxidase (SpxB) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction.

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: The three-dimensional architecture of the autonomic nerve terminals in the @entity35 exocrine pancreas was investigated by scanning electron microscopy using the @entity5828 -digestion method as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Unmyelinated nerves presumed to be autonomic in nature were found in networks covering the outer layers of arterioles and their capillary extensions, with nerve fibers often leaving the capillaries to surround acini in the interacinar spaces. Schwann cells formed scaffolds for axons of the networks. No other distinct type of cells such as the so-called interstitial cells of Cajal were found to be associated with the formation of the networks. Although nerve fibers of the networks were locally in close association with the walls of the blood vessels or with the bases of acinar cells, no specialized axonal contacts with these tissues were found. However, @entity4 , presumably varicosities, were observed by scanning electron microscopy on the surface of nerves. These findings suggest that the networks of unmyelinated nerves represent terminal apparatuses of the autonomic nerves in the pancreas. Schwann cells in the terminal networks were characterized by an unusual abundance of cell organelles. These "terminal Schwann cells" well correspond in location and reticular extension to the "interstitial cells of Cajal" as demonstrated by @entity575 impregnation and vital @entity6693 staining. The occurrence of well developed Golgi apparatuses, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous ribosomes suggests that the cells are specialized Schwann cells which most likely require high levels of cellular activity in order to maintain their elaborate cytoplasmic processes extending along the terminal networks, and also to sustain the specific functions of axon terminals.

title: Autonomic nerve networks in the XXXX exocrine pancreas as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['local swellings']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1897 with persistent conduction blocks is classically described as a @entity102 @entity16 with progressive onset, and acute forms have not previously been characterised. We report four cases of severe @entity73 with acute and generalised onset and with persistent motor conduction blocks. @entity1 AND RESULTS: An acute tetraparesis with diffuse areflexia but little or no sensory disturbance was the clinical picture. Serial electrophysiological tests showed persistent multifocal motor conduction blocks with absent F waves in most tested motor nerves. No or minor @entity66 potentials were observed. Cerebrospinal fluid contained normal or mildly increased protein levels (<1 g/l) without cells. @entity5363 serology was negative in three @entity1 and consistent with past @entity281 in one patient. Anti- @entity4163 antibodies were positive in three @entity1 . A five day course of intravenous immunoglobulins produced nearly complete symptom resolution in three @entity1 and was ineffective in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Because of the persistence of multifocal motor conduction blocks for several weeks or months as the isolated electrophysiological feature, these cases could not be consistent with @entity5011 or @entity102 inflammatory demyelinating @entity305 . They suggest an original variant of @entity1897 with an acute and generalised initial presentation and persistent motor conduction blocks affecting all four limbs.

title: A variant of XXXX with acute, generalised presentation and persistent conduction blocks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the sensory nerve action']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Multifocal motor neuropathy', 'multifocal motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['multifocal motor neuropathy']


abstract: @entity447 is caused by a defect in coagulation factor @entity797 , a protein that undergoes extensive proteolysis during its activation and inactivation. To determine whether some cases of @entity447 are caused by mutations in important cleavage sites, we screened @entity1 DNA samples for mutations in these sites by a two-step process. Regions of interest were amplified from genomic DNA by repeated rounds of primer-directed DNA synthesis. The amplified DNAs were then screened for mutations by discriminant hybridization using oligonucleotide probes. Two cleavage site mutations were found in a survey of 215 @entity1 . A nonsense mutation in the activated protein C cleavage site at @entity535 336 was discovered in a @entity1 with severe @entity447 . In another severely affected @entity1 , a mis-sense mutation results in a substitution of @entity462 for @entity369 in the thrombin activation site at @entity535 1689. This defect is associated with no detectable factor @entity797 activity, but with normal levels of factor @entity797 antigen. The severe @entity447 in this @entity1 was sporadic; analysis of the mother suggested that the mutation originated in her gametes or during her embryogenesis. The results demonstrate that this approach can be used to identify factor @entity797 gene mutations in regions of the molecule known to be important for function.

title: Mutations of factor @entity797 cleavage sites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'Hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: @entity447 is caused by a defect in coagulation factor @entity797 , a protein that undergoes extensive proteolysis during its activation and inactivation. To determine whether some cases of @entity447 are caused by mutations in important cleavage sites, we screened @entity1 DNA samples for mutations in these sites by a two-step process. Regions of interest were amplified from genomic DNA by repeated rounds of primer-directed DNA synthesis. The amplified DNAs were then screened for mutations by discriminant hybridization using oligonucleotide probes. Two cleavage site mutations were found in a survey of 215 @entity1 . A nonsense mutation in the activated protein C cleavage site at @entity535 336 was discovered in a @entity1 with severe @entity447 . In another severely affected @entity1 , a mis-sense mutation results in a substitution of @entity462 for @entity369 in the thrombin activation site at @entity535 1689. This defect is associated with no detectable factor @entity797 activity, but with normal levels of factor @entity797 antigen. The severe @entity447 in this @entity1 was sporadic; analysis of the mother suggested that the mutation originated in her gametes or during her embryogenesis. The results demonstrate that this approach can be used to identify factor @entity797 gene mutations in regions of the molecule known to be important for function.

title: Mutations of factor XXXX cleavage sites in @entity447 .

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Gene) :: ['VIII']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly @entity1 with previous organ damage are at risk for minor @entity51 after major surgery. Spinal catheter analgesia is used whenever possible in this group and enables regular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. @entity3931 , a @entity460 blocker, may have neuroprotective effects. We examined whether preoperative treatment with @entity3931 affects ischemic markers in the CSF during extracranial surgery. METHODS: We performed a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in @entity1 (ASA III or IV, 65-85 years) that underwent elective implantation surgery of the hip joint with intrathecal catheter anesthesia. Starting 15 h before surgery, @entity1 received either 30 microg x kg(-1) h(-1) of @entity3931 (n = 20) or 0.9% saline solution (placebo, n = 23) as a central venous infusion. The concentrations of neuron-specific enolase, @entity3625 , @entity908 -kinase, @entity880 and pH in the CSF were determined before and immediately after surgery as well as 6 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: Before surgery, the baseline CSF pH was normal in all @entity1 . Immediately after surgery it fell significantly to 7.08 +/- 0.29 in the placebo group and non-significantly to 7.27 +/- 0.38 in the treatment group; all values were normalized at 6 and 24 h after surgery in both groups. In the placebo group, @entity880 levels rose significantly from 1.48 +/- 0.28 mmol l(-1) before surgery to 1.77 +/- 0.27 mmol l(-1) immediately after surgery, and to 2.03 +/- 0.32 mmol l(-1) 24 h after surgery. In the treatment group, @entity880 concentrations remained stable up to 6 h after surgery (1.55-1.62 mmol l-1), while an increase to 2.10 +/- 0.48 mmol l(-1) was observed 24 h after the operation. Neuron-specific enolase, hypo- @entity3624 and @entity908 -kinase showed no change in either group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, preoperative @entity3931 treatment reduced intraoperative CSF @entity520 and delayed surgery-related increases in @entity880 concentration in the CSF by several hours in elderly, comorbid @entity1 at risk for @entity51 .

title: Perioperative changes in cerebral ischemic markers in the cerebrospinal fluid after preoperative XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine', 'Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['minor postoperative neurologic deficits', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3931 :: (MESH:D009553,Chemical) :: ['nimodipine']


abstract: @entity4013 of the skin and nails is a common problem in remote Aboriginal communities of the Top End of Australia. A retrospective study was performed on data collected from 104 @entity1 from several indigenous communities. Worksheets were filled in by district medical officers and rural general practitioners, detailing the extent of the @entity4013 . @entity1 were prescribed between 4 and 12 weeks of 250 mg daily oral @entity8974 . Fifty-two @entity1 were followed up, with 45 having a good response to treatment (87%) and with 22 of these @entity1 having full clearance of @entity4013 (42%). A prospective study with 44 subjects was performed. The extent of the @entity4013 was documented and fungal scrapings/clippings were taken. Forty subjects were recruited and given oral @entity8974 (2-12 weeks depending on skin/nail involvement) or topical @entity8974 if oral treatment was contraindicated. Twenty-five of the 40 (63%) subjects were reviewed. Twenty-three (92%) subjects that were followed up improved clinically, with 8/25 (32%) clearing completely. Twenty (80%) of followed-up @entity1 complied fully with treatment. @entity8974 was found to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment of @entity4013 of the skin and nails.

title: Use of XXXX for @entity4013 in Australian Aboriginal communities in the Top End.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['Terbinafine', 'terbinafine']

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: @entity4013 of the skin and nails is a common problem in remote Aboriginal communities of the Top End of Australia. A retrospective study was performed on data collected from 104 @entity1 from several indigenous communities. Worksheets were filled in by district medical officers and rural general practitioners, detailing the extent of the @entity4013 . @entity1 were prescribed between 4 and 12 weeks of 250 mg daily oral @entity8974 . Fifty-two @entity1 were followed up, with 45 having a good response to treatment (87%) and with 22 of these @entity1 having full clearance of @entity4013 (42%). A prospective study with 44 subjects was performed. The extent of the @entity4013 was documented and fungal scrapings/clippings were taken. Forty subjects were recruited and given oral @entity8974 (2-12 weeks depending on skin/nail involvement) or topical @entity8974 if oral treatment was contraindicated. Twenty-five of the 40 (63%) subjects were reviewed. Twenty-three (92%) subjects that were followed up improved clinically, with 8/25 (32%) clearing completely. Twenty (80%) of followed-up @entity1 complied fully with treatment. @entity8974 was found to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment of @entity4013 of the skin and nails.

title: Use of @entity8974 for XXXX in Australian Aboriginal communities in the Top End.

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate an outbreak of @entity2893 -resistant @entity796 (CRPA) in a urology ward. METHODS: @entity1 infected or colonized with CRPA were prospectively identified by daily laboratory surveillance. Routine infection-control measures were reinforced, disinfection protocols were revised, and a surveillance program was set up, analyzing cross-transmission in the nursing ward and environment cultures from urology wards and the operating theater. CRPA isolates from clinical and environment samples were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), following XbaI and SpeI restriction. RESULTS: From February 1998 to September 2000, 59 adult urology @entity1 were colonized or infected by CRPA. All @entity1 had been operated on prior to identification of the CRPA isolate and 79% of these procedures were performed in the same cystoscopy room. No @entity1 had received prior @entity2893 therapy. No cross-transmission was detected, and environment cultures from the urology ward and theater were negative except for five samples collected in the cystoscopy room. PFGE identified a single clone in the isolates from different @entity1 and the environment samples. CONCLUSIONS: The PFGE analysis indicated that the CRPA outbreak resulted from the contamination of the cystoscopy room via an unsealed drain. The outbreak ended when the drain was sealed.

title: An outbreak of @entity2893 -resistant XXXX in a urology ward.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']