abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the @entity158 , @entity148 , undesired movement, and cooperation between @entity1 receiving oral @entity3175 or intravenous (IV) @entity1363 for conscious sedation during @entity231 surgery under topical anesthesia. SETTING: Ambulatory surgical center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. METHODS: @entity1 having first-time @entity231 extraction with topical anesthesia were randomized to receive sedation with oral @entity3175 30  minutes before surgery or IV @entity1363 immediately preceding surgery. The outcomes of @entity158 , @entity148 , undesired movement, and poor cooperation were observed by the surgeon and recorded during surgery. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-six @entity231 surgeries were included, 83 in the IV @entity1363 group and 73 in the oral @entity3175 group. Twenty-four @entity1 (29%) in the IV group and 7 @entity1 (10%) in the oral group showed undesired movement (P  <  .02). Seven @entity1 (8%) in the IV group and 2 @entity1 (3%) in the oral group showed poor cooperation (P >  .05). Fifteen @entity1 (18%) in the IV  group and 9 @entity1 (12%) in the oral group had @entity148 (P >  .05). Three @entity1 (4%) in the  IV group and 3 @entity1 (4%) in the oral group experienced @entity158 (P >  .05). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer @entity1 receiving oral @entity3175 30  minutes before @entity231 surgery than @entity1 receiving IV @entity1363 immediately preceding surgery showed undesired movement during surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of @entity1 showing poor cooperation or experiencing @entity158 or @entity148 between the 2 groups. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Oral @entity3175 versus intravenous XXXX for conscious sedation during @entity231 surgery performed using topical anesthesia.

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience with surgical treatment of @entity977 via a fully transnasal endoscopic approach. METHODS: Clinical records of 375 cases with @entity977 underwent pure endoscopic operations between December 2006 and December 2009 were carefully assembled. Among 375 pure endoscopic operations of @entity977 , 201 cases were nonfunctional @entity652 and 174 cases were functional @entity652 . There were 27 giant @entity977 (7.2%) and 41 @entity977 invaded cavernous sinus (10.9%). Intraoperative 1.5 T MRI and neuro-navigation system were used during some operations. The postoperative and follow-up data of @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 234 (79.3%) cases of total resection, 56 (19.0%) cases of subtotal resection, 5 (1.7%) cases of partial resection. Sixty-eight @entity1 had vision improved in 73 @entity1 with vision decreasing before operation. Sixty-eight (77.3%) @entity1 got normal endocrine in 88 @entity49544 @entity1 . Fifty-five (84.1%) @entity1 got normal @entity2124 in 63 @entity1 with @entity10759 . Eighteen (78.2%) @entity1 got normal in 23 @entity1 with corticotrophinoma. These was no death case in this group. One case (0.3%) suffered @entity772 . Transient @entity227 occurred in 2 cases (0.5%). Transient @entity2895 or abducens nerve occurred in 7 cases of operations involved cavernous sinus. Three (0.8%) @entity1 had @entity693 . Two @entity1 (0.5%) suffered from @entity5173 but none underwent operation to repair. Fourteen @entity1 (3.7%) had transient @entity2010 . Six @entity1 (1.6%) had @entity1415 . CONCLUSIONS: Trans-nasal endoscopy provides a new device for operation of @entity977 which is effective and safe. Comparing with microscope, endoscopic visual field is clearer, closer and wider.

title: [Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for 375 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity49544 :: ('MESH:C562708', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-prolactin']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing of vision']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['nose bleeding']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative coma']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['palsy of oculomotor nerve']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotrophinomas']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore and evaluate the methodology of neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 in @entity1645 with @entity1644 . METHODS: Between January 2007 to January 2008, 8 @entity1 underwent neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 , including 2 male @entity1 and 6 female @entity1 (aged 13 to 52 years). During the operations, the surgical fields were lightened by the illuminator of endoscope. All the manipulations were done outside the sheath of neuroendoscope. The decompression bone window was about 2.0 cm   2.0 cm. After the @entity9807 was cleared thoroughly, dura were opened in 6 cases and intact in 2 cases. RESULTS: There were no complications observed in this study. Seven @entity1 were determined as excellent in recovery according to the Tator criteria because of apparent improvements in superficial sensation. Five of the seven @entity1 had improvements in muscle strength. One @entity1 was assessed as good because of stable symptom without deterioration. CONCLUSION: Neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 is a potential technique worthy of employing in the mini-invasive neurosurgical technology.

title: [The preliminary study of using neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 to treat XXXX with @entity1644 ].

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari type I malformation']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto occipital decompression']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto occipital fascia']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari type I malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore and evaluate the methodology of neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 in @entity1645 with @entity1644 . METHODS: Between January 2007 to January 2008, 8 @entity1 underwent neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 , including 2 male @entity1 and 6 female @entity1 (aged 13 to 52 years). During the operations, the surgical fields were lightened by the illuminator of endoscope. All the manipulations were done outside the sheath of neuroendoscope. The decompression bone window was about 2.0 cm   2.0 cm. After the @entity9807 was cleared thoroughly, dura were opened in 6 cases and intact in 2 cases. RESULTS: There were no complications observed in this study. Seven @entity1 were determined as excellent in recovery according to the Tator criteria because of apparent improvements in superficial sensation. Five of the seven @entity1 had improvements in muscle strength. One @entity1 was assessed as good because of stable symptom without deterioration. CONCLUSION: Neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 is a potential technique worthy of employing in the mini-invasive neurosurgical technology.

title: [The preliminary study of using neuro-endoscope assisted XXXX to treat @entity1645 with @entity1644 ].

answer: @entity5663 :: (MESH:D003665,Disease) :: ['atlanto occipital decompression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore and evaluate the methodology of neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 in @entity1645 with @entity1644 . METHODS: Between January 2007 to January 2008, 8 @entity1 underwent neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 , including 2 male @entity1 and 6 female @entity1 (aged 13 to 52 years). During the operations, the surgical fields were lightened by the illuminator of endoscope. All the manipulations were done outside the sheath of neuroendoscope. The decompression bone window was about 2.0 cm   2.0 cm. After the @entity9807 was cleared thoroughly, dura were opened in 6 cases and intact in 2 cases. RESULTS: There were no complications observed in this study. Seven @entity1 were determined as excellent in recovery according to the Tator criteria because of apparent improvements in superficial sensation. Five of the seven @entity1 had improvements in muscle strength. One @entity1 was assessed as good because of stable symptom without deterioration. CONCLUSION: Neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 is a potential technique worthy of employing in the mini-invasive neurosurgical technology.

title: [The preliminary study of using neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 to treat @entity1645 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the relief effect of @entity3988 , @entity3302 and @entity1242 on radial @entity2553 in elderly @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 aged beyond 70 years underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with autologous radial artery from July 2009 to March 2010. Redundant radial artery was collected and the relief function of different drugs was evaluated through "organ bath" technique in vitro. All the @entity1 were randomly divided into 3 groups based on different antispasmodic drugs: @entity3988 , @entity3302 and @entity1242 . Thirty seconds free blood flow of radial artery and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure) were assessed before and after intra-radial administration of @entity3988 , @entity3302 and @entity1242 in vivo. RESULTS: All three drugs could relieve radial @entity2553 in different levels and the eventual relief rate was over 80%. Only @entity1242 could relax radial artery completely, the relief capacity of @entity1242 , @entity3988 and @entity3302 decreased in order. There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic parameters before and after the injection. Blood flow of radial artery increased in @entity1242 group [(42    10) ml/30 s vs. (28    7) ml/30 s, P < 0.05] while there was no significant difference in @entity3988 [(23    10) ml/30 s vs. (25    8) ml/30 s, P > 0.05] and @entity3302 group [(25    10) ml/30 s vs. (24    9), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1242 could relieve @entity2553 of radial artery effectively and increased blood flow. @entity1242 is the suitable antispasmodic drug for radial artery in the elderly @entity1 with @entity453 compare with @entity3988 and @entity3302 .

title: [Experimental study on the option of antispasmodic drugs for radial artery in elderly @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm', 'artery spasm']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerotic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the relief effect of @entity3988 , @entity3302 and @entity1242 on radial @entity2553 in elderly @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 aged beyond 70 years underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with autologous radial artery from July 2009 to March 2010. Redundant radial artery was collected and the relief function of different drugs was evaluated through "organ bath" technique in vitro. All the @entity1 were randomly divided into 3 groups based on different antispasmodic drugs: @entity3988 , @entity3302 and @entity1242 . Thirty seconds free blood flow of radial artery and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure) were assessed before and after intra-radial administration of @entity3988 , @entity3302 and @entity1242 in vivo. RESULTS: All three drugs could relieve radial @entity2553 in different levels and the eventual relief rate was over 80%. Only @entity1242 could relax radial artery completely, the relief capacity of @entity1242 , @entity3988 and @entity3302 decreased in order. There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic parameters before and after the injection. Blood flow of radial artery increased in @entity1242 group [(42    10) ml/30 s vs. (28    7) ml/30 s, P < 0.05] while there was no significant difference in @entity3988 [(23    10) ml/30 s vs. (25    8) ml/30 s, P > 0.05] and @entity3302 group [(25    10) ml/30 s vs. (24    9), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1242 could relieve @entity2553 of radial artery effectively and increased blood flow. @entity1242 is the suitable antispasmodic drug for radial artery in the elderly @entity1 with @entity453 compare with @entity3988 and @entity3302 .

title: [Experimental study on the option of antispasmodic drugs for radial artery in elderly XXXX with @entity453 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and the surgical treatment strategy of cervical @entity1513 . METHODS: From March 2006 to October 2009, 31 cases of cervical @entity1513 were treated. According to the clinical features and imaging findings, different treatment methods were used. There were 9 @entity1 in operation group, including 4 male and 5 female @entity1 , aged from 17 to 72 years (average age of 35 years). Among them, 5 cases were idiopathic @entity1513 and 4 cases were caused by laminectomy or other reasons. There were 22 @entity1 in conservative treatment group, including 11 male and 11 female @entity1 , aged from 14 to 40 years (average age of 29 years), who were all @entity3799 . Before and 1 week after operation, clinical assessment were taken for the @entity1 in operation group using Spinal Cord Injuries Classification Standard of American @entity3510 Association (AISA). During the periodic review, the anteroposterior, normal sagittal films of cervical spine were taken. At 1 week and every 6 months after operation, MRI films were also taken. These films were studied to evaluate the effects of the operations. In the conservative group, assessment of treatment results by studying anteroposterior and normal lateral views of cervical spine were were taken every month. The clinical characteristics and the surgical treatment strategies of these @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: In operation group, 9 cases were followed up for 6 to 18 months, all @entity1 did not failed in internal fixation and fusion. AISA neurological score and neurological function significantly improved. Three days after operation the average Cobb angle was -1.29    (preoperative 54.24   ). In conservative group, the average Cobb angle was -5.41    (before treatment 11.20   ) 4 months after the treatment. The symptoms of neck shoulder and back @entity158 disappeared, and all @entity1 were followed up for 3 to 24 months, with no recurrence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In the early period of cervical @entity1513 , adopt postural therapy, plaster braces to correct an imbalance in cervical spine biomechanics can prevent deformity development. According to @entity1 ' clinical characteristics, choosing individual treatment programs can correct the severe cervical @entity1513 and achieve good outcome.

title: [The clinical features and surgical treatment strategies of cervical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cervical kyphosis']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the @entity3118 - @entity786 -rituximab regimen for young physically fit @entity1 with @entity1072 in the "real-life" setting. We specifically focused on the impact of dose reduction on @entity1 outcomes. The @entity1 cohort consisted of 128 @entity1 with @entity1072 ( <=70 years) treated at 10 Israeli centers with frontline @entity3118 - @entity786 -rituximab. We defined reduced chemotherapy as  <=2/3 of the total indicated dose. @entity1 treated with rituximab were divided into two groups and compared, those who received full dosages of 375mg/m2 or 500mg/m2 and @entity1 given less than six cycles with either dose. Overall and clinical complete response rates (92.8% and 70.4%) as well as @entity137 and overall survival (median not reached at 6 years) were similar to other reported clinical trials, but progression free survival, was shorter (42.5 months). Almost 50% of @entity1 had some dose reduction of chemotherapy, 21% receiving  <=2/3 of the indicated dose, while close to 30% did not complete six cycles of rituximab. Reduced doses of chemotherapy and rituximab were independently associated with shorter progression free survival (hazard ratio-3.6, p<0.0001 for reduced chemotherapy; hazard ratio-2.5, p=0.003 for incomplete-treatment with rituximab). Achieving a complete response was associated with longer overall survival but was not linked to the given dose of chemoimmunotherapy. In younger physically fit @entity1 , frontline @entity3118 - @entity786 -rituximab therapy in the "real-life" setting, achieves long remissions (albeit shorter than in clinical trials) and prolonged overall survival. However, dose reductions are commonly administered and may impact outcome.

title: Efficacy and safety of frontline therapy with "FCR" regimen for @entity1072 outside clinical trials: the Israeli XXXX study group experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the @entity3118 - @entity786 -rituximab regimen for young physically fit @entity1 with @entity1072 in the "real-life" setting. We specifically focused on the impact of dose reduction on @entity1 outcomes. The @entity1 cohort consisted of 128 @entity1 with @entity1072 ( <=70 years) treated at 10 Israeli centers with frontline @entity3118 - @entity786 -rituximab. We defined reduced chemotherapy as  <=2/3 of the total indicated dose. @entity1 treated with rituximab were divided into two groups and compared, those who received full dosages of 375mg/m2 or 500mg/m2 and @entity1 given less than six cycles with either dose. Overall and clinical complete response rates (92.8% and 70.4%) as well as @entity137 and overall survival (median not reached at 6 years) were similar to other reported clinical trials, but progression free survival, was shorter (42.5 months). Almost 50% of @entity1 had some dose reduction of chemotherapy, 21% receiving  <=2/3 of the indicated dose, while close to 30% did not complete six cycles of rituximab. Reduced doses of chemotherapy and rituximab were independently associated with shorter progression free survival (hazard ratio-3.6, p<0.0001 for reduced chemotherapy; hazard ratio-2.5, p=0.003 for incomplete-treatment with rituximab). Achieving a complete response was associated with longer overall survival but was not linked to the given dose of chemoimmunotherapy. In younger physically fit @entity1 , frontline @entity3118 - @entity786 -rituximab therapy in the "real-life" setting, achieves long remissions (albeit shorter than in clinical trials) and prolonged overall survival. However, dose reductions are commonly administered and may impact outcome.

title: Efficacy and safety of frontline therapy with "FCR" regimen for XXXX outside clinical trials: the Israeli @entity1072 study group experience.

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity730 ( @entity730 ) is a rare complication in @entity454 with high mortality. Numerous case reports and one case series of 3 @entity1 report the benefit of @entity15451 (STS) for treatment of @entity730 . The purpose of this evaluation was to examine the response to a STS-based treatment approach in @entity1 with @entity730 with 1 year follow up. METHODS: A retrospective case series of 6 consecutive @entity1 from Manitoba, Canada who met predefined diagnostic criteria for @entity730 and received STS between 2006 and 2008 were included. STS responders were defined as improvement in at least one of the following three parameters: @entity158 severity, wound size and diagnostic imaging/radiography. Mortality, STS dose, duration, adverse events and cost were also collected. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were classified as responders. The 2 responders who survived at 1 year of follow-up demonstrated an improvement in all 3 parameters examined including an improvement in their follow-up diagnostic imaging results within the first 4 - 6 weeks of STS treatment. At 1 year of follow-up, 3 @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: Using an STS-based multifaceted treatment approach for @entity730 , 4 @entity1 responded but 3 of 6 @entity1 died within 1 year. Further larger prospective studies are needed to delineate STS responders from non-responders.

title: XXXX -based treatment in @entity730 : a consecutive case series.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcific uremic arteriolopathy', 'CUA']

entities_list: @entity15451 :: ('MESH:C017717', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity15451 :: (MESH:C017717,Chemical) :: ['Sodium thiosulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity730 ( @entity730 ) is a rare complication in @entity454 with high mortality. Numerous case reports and one case series of 3 @entity1 report the benefit of @entity15451 (STS) for treatment of @entity730 . The purpose of this evaluation was to examine the response to a STS-based treatment approach in @entity1 with @entity730 with 1 year follow up. METHODS: A retrospective case series of 6 consecutive @entity1 from Manitoba, Canada who met predefined diagnostic criteria for @entity730 and received STS between 2006 and 2008 were included. STS responders were defined as improvement in at least one of the following three parameters: @entity158 severity, wound size and diagnostic imaging/radiography. Mortality, STS dose, duration, adverse events and cost were also collected. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were classified as responders. The 2 responders who survived at 1 year of follow-up demonstrated an improvement in all 3 parameters examined including an improvement in their follow-up diagnostic imaging results within the first 4 - 6 weeks of STS treatment. At 1 year of follow-up, 3 @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: Using an STS-based multifaceted treatment approach for @entity730 , 4 @entity1 responded but 3 of 6 @entity1 died within 1 year. Further larger prospective studies are needed to delineate STS responders from non-responders.

title: @entity15451 -based treatment in XXXX : a consecutive case series.

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcific uremic arteriolopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: @entity439 ( @entity439 ) repair of an aortic @entity439 extending to the iliac artery remains a challenge. Interventional occlusion of the internal iliac artery (IIA) intending to create a distal landing zone in the external iliac artery is a common approach with inherent morbidity (e.g., buttock claudication, @entity323 ). Alternatively, iliac side-branched stent grafts can maintain pelvic blood supply, but the applicability is limited. The objective was to investigate the morphological applicability of the Cook Zenith branched graft (ZBIS) among @entity1 with aorto-iliac or isolated @entity1029 . METHODS: This was a retrospective single centre analysis of 66 @entity1 (60 @entity1 ; median age 74 years, range 53-90 years) undergoing repair of aorto- @entity1029 (open repair, IIA occlusion prior to @entity439 and ZBIS) between January 2008 and December 2012. All available computed tomography angiograms with post-processing imaging were compared with the criteria for morphological applicability to (i) the manufacturer's instruction for use (IFU), and (ii) to criteria published in the literature, as well as (iii) to the institutional protocol. RESULTS: In 66 @entity1 , 88 targeted @entity1029 were studied. Of these, 36/88 (40.9%) were compliant with the manufacturer's IFU, 35/88 (39.8%) were compliant with the published criteria, and 51/88 (58.0%) were compliant with the in house protocol. The most common morphological exclusion criterion was an @entity1029 . CONCLUSION: In the present cohort with aorto-iliac @entity439 , a maximum of 58% could have been treated with an iliac side branch based on the current experience. In particular, an @entity1029 seems to be a limiting factor for the use of the iliac side-branched stent graft.

title: @entity439 Repair of XXXX with an Iliac Side-branched Stent graft: Studying the Morphological Applicability of the Cook Device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['EVAR', 'aneurysm', 'Endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac aneurysms', 'aneurysmal IIA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aortoiliac Aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: @entity439 ( @entity439 ) repair of an aortic @entity439 extending to the iliac artery remains a challenge. Interventional occlusion of the internal iliac artery (IIA) intending to create a distal landing zone in the external iliac artery is a common approach with inherent morbidity (e.g., buttock claudication, @entity323 ). Alternatively, iliac side-branched stent grafts can maintain pelvic blood supply, but the applicability is limited. The objective was to investigate the morphological applicability of the Cook Zenith branched graft (ZBIS) among @entity1 with aorto-iliac or isolated @entity1029 . METHODS: This was a retrospective single centre analysis of 66 @entity1 (60 @entity1 ; median age 74 years, range 53-90 years) undergoing repair of aorto- @entity1029 (open repair, IIA occlusion prior to @entity439 and ZBIS) between January 2008 and December 2012. All available computed tomography angiograms with post-processing imaging were compared with the criteria for morphological applicability to (i) the manufacturer's instruction for use (IFU), and (ii) to criteria published in the literature, as well as (iii) to the institutional protocol. RESULTS: In 66 @entity1 , 88 targeted @entity1029 were studied. Of these, 36/88 (40.9%) were compliant with the manufacturer's IFU, 35/88 (39.8%) were compliant with the published criteria, and 51/88 (58.0%) were compliant with the in house protocol. The most common morphological exclusion criterion was an @entity1029 . CONCLUSION: In the present cohort with aorto-iliac @entity439 , a maximum of 58% could have been treated with an iliac side branch based on the current experience. In particular, an @entity1029 seems to be a limiting factor for the use of the iliac side-branched stent graft.

title: XXXX Repair of @entity439 with an Iliac Side-branched Stent graft: Studying the Morphological Applicability of the Cook Device.

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Endovascular Aneurysm']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 , 4 males and 10 females, with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were treated between July 1980 and June 1986. None of them had an affected sibling with a similar disorder. @entity221 was the most prominent symptom in all cases. @entity828 was present in 13 cases, @entity3329 , @entity1910 and @entity1087 in 8, @entity358 or pleural effusion on chest X-ray in 8, @entity410 in 6, and @entity8 in 5 out of the 14 cases. @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) was seen in 13 cases and this occurred within two weeks from onset in 6 cases. @entity3043 , abnormal results of liver function tests, @entity6805 and hypocholesterolemia were common. The diagnosis was made for all 14 cases by characteristic clinical symptoms, signs, and bone marrow findings. In 8 cases, biopsy or autopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis. Two @entity1 died prior to chemotherapy. Twelve @entity1 were treated with @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity229 (ACOP). Complete response (CR) was achieved in five @entity1 , and another two @entity1 attained CR after subsequent treatment with other combinations including @entity2879 . These 7 complete responders are now alive and free of disease 11+ to 70+ months (median, 50+ months) from the onset of disease. All partial and non-responders died within 6 months with a median survival of 20 days. Among several clinical features as prognostic indicators, @entity8 , @entity410 , and @entity5642 occurring within 2 weeks were significantly related to poor outcome. Although @entity5 is an @entity146 with a poor prognosis, prompt diagnosis and early treatment with intensive systemic combination chemotherapy should further improve the outcome.

title: [Clinical features and therapeutic results in 14 cases of XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvement']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant histiocytosis', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'Disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['Pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Septic-type fever']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant histiocytosis']


abstract: Twenty-one mildly asthmatic volunteers were exposed to 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 ppm @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) in purified background air in an environmental control chamber. Exposures were separated by 1-wk periods and occurred in random order. Each lasted 1 hr and included three 10-min bouts of moderately heavy exercise (mean ventilation rate 41 L/min). Exposure temperature was near 22 degrees C and relative humidity near 50%. Specific airway resistance and maximal forced expiratory performance were measured preexposure, after the initial exercise, and near the end of exposure. Bronchial reactivity was assessed immediately following exposure, by normocapnic hyperventilation with subfreezing air. Symptoms were recorded on questionnaires before, during, and for 1-wk after each exposure. Exercise induced significant bronchoconstriction regardless of @entity6836 level. No statistically significant untoward response to @entity6836 was observed at any exposure concentration. This negative finding agrees with our previous results, but contrasts with findings elsewhere of @entity1576 after exposure to 0.3 ppm. The discrepancy is presently unexplained, but it may relate to different severity of @entity565 in different subject groups.

title: Dose-response study of asthmatic volunteers exposed to XXXX during intermittent exercise.

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact and results of treatment of @entity1860 in the general population, we conducted a population-based, nation-wide study on 3,585 @entity1860 @entity1 diagnosed between 1989 and 2012 in the Netherlands. METHODS: @entity1 demographics were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Information on age, gender, year of diagnosis, first treatment and date of @entity204 were recorded. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was adjusted for @entity204 rates in the normal population. RESULTS: Incidence in males decreased slightly from 1.2 per 100.000 @entity1 years (PY) in 1989-2000 to 0.9 in 2001-2012. For females, incidence remained stable with 0.7 per 100.000 PY in both periods. Incidence was age dependent and highest in males in the last decades of life. Treatment before 2000 mainly consisted of chemotherapy, while after 2007 TKI use was 88%. Five-year relative survival was only 36% before the introduction of TKIs but significantly increased to79% after the introduction of TKI. CONCLUSIONS: This study gives insight in @entity1860 incidence, treatment and survival in routine care in the Netherlands. Although @entity1349 improved since the introduction of TKIs, there is still room for further improvement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX in The Netherlands: a Population-Based Study on Incidence, Treatment and Survival in 3,585 @entity1 from 1989-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact and results of treatment of @entity1860 in the general population, we conducted a population-based, nation-wide study on 3,585 @entity1860 @entity1 diagnosed between 1989 and 2012 in the Netherlands. METHODS: @entity1 demographics were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Information on age, gender, year of diagnosis, first treatment and date of @entity204 were recorded. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was adjusted for @entity204 rates in the normal population. RESULTS: Incidence in males decreased slightly from 1.2 per 100.000 @entity1 years (PY) in 1989-2000 to 0.9 in 2001-2012. For females, incidence remained stable with 0.7 per 100.000 PY in both periods. Incidence was age dependent and highest in males in the last decades of life. Treatment before 2000 mainly consisted of chemotherapy, while after 2007 TKI use was 88%. Five-year relative survival was only 36% before the introduction of TKIs but significantly increased to79% after the introduction of TKI. CONCLUSIONS: This study gives insight in @entity1860 incidence, treatment and survival in routine care in the Netherlands. Although @entity1349 improved since the introduction of TKIs, there is still room for further improvement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity1860 in The Netherlands: a Population-Based Study on Incidence, Treatment and Survival in 3,585 XXXX from 1989-2012.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is debatable if the strength of @entity28 -mortality association depends on age. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of age on the @entity28 -mortality association in @entity1 and @entity1 , and to assess if adjusting for major confounding factors altered the age-dependent trend of the @entity28 -mortality association. DESIGN AND METHODS: Articles were identified by searches of PubMed through 15 August 2013. Twenty studies which reported two or more age-specific effect estimates were identified. A random-effect approach was applied to estimate pooled effect sizes for different age groups. RESULTS: There was a significant heterogeneity among studies within each age group in the effect estimates for the association between @entity28 and mortality. The pooled hazard ratio estimates decreased with increasing age from 1.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-1.72) for @entity1 and 1.60 (1.49-1.72) for @entity1 under 35 years to 1.11 (1.08-1.15) for @entity1 and 1.11 (1.09-1.14) for @entity1 75 years or older. On average, the effect estimate was decreased by about 10% with every 10 years increase in age. CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting for known confounding factors of smoking, pre-existing illness, @entity101 and @entity6 has little impact on the age-dependent decline trend of the @entity28 -mortality association. Therefore, the strength of the association between @entity28 and mortality weakens with increasing age.

title: Age-dependent decline of association between XXXX and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity28 is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with an increased production of cytokines and exacerbated immune response. However, @entity28 subjects are susceptible to @entity281 and respond poorly to vaccines. This study evaluated the immune responses of @entity28 @entity19 and the underlying mechanisms by exploring the roles of myeloid cells. Diet-induced @entity28 (DIO) @entity19 were prepared from C57BL/6J @entity19 fed a high-calorie and high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Humoral and cellular immune responses of DIO @entity19 to a @entity1956 vaccine containing the @entity1956 surface antigen (HBsAg) were assessed in sera and via a lymphoproliferative assay, respectively. The effects of @entity3804 (+)GR1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and @entity3804 (+)GR1(-) non-MDSC on T cell proliferation and cytokine production were compared via a cell culture system. The production of cytokines, expression of activation and exhaustion markers, and proportions of apoptotic T cells were estimated with flow cytometry. Increased T and B lymphocyte proliferation and higher interferon-y and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a levels were detected in spleen cells and liver non-parenchymal cell cultures of DIO @entity19 compared to controls (p<0.05). However, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) levels and HBsAg-specific T cell proliferation were significantly lower in DIO @entity19 compared to controls (p<0.05). The addition of MDSC, but not non-MDSC, induced a decrease in HBsAg-specific T cell proliferation, lower cytokine production, decrease in T cell activation, and increase in T cell exhaustion and apoptosis (p<0.05). MDSC play an important role in mediating impaired antigen-specific immunity.

title: Diminished immune response to vaccinations in XXXX : Role of myeloid-derived suppressor and other myeloid cells.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study aim was to confirm the factorial structure of the short (14 item) version of the @entity4096 quality of life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-14) using the Vein Consult Program (VCP) results. METHODS: The international VCP study sought to evaluate the impact of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) on health care costs and quality of life (QoL). The factorial structure of the CIVIQ-14 was evaluated using two methods: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to calculate the probabilities of items and dimensions remaining stable and to study the dimensionality of the scale using explained variance criteria, followed by confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) to confirm the original three dimensional structure and investigate alternative models that may have arisen from the dimensionality analysis. We also used the VCP results to evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and conducted subgroup analyses on countries with validated translations. RESULTS: A total of 47,149 questionnaires from 17 countries were available in the VCP. EFA revealed both items and dimensions as 100% stable. Dimensionality analysis showed that a two factor approach could be considered. @entity3795 revealed the CIVIQ-14 three dimensional structure to be acceptable while rejecting the two dimensional model. Psychometric analysis confirmed the construct validity, internal consistency, and known groups validity of the CIVIQ-14. The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3795 of VCP data supported the factorial structure of the CIVIQ-14. The analysis corroborates the wide use of CIVIQ-14 as a valid instrument for reporting QoL in @entity102 @entity1 .

title: Psychometric Validation of the 14 items XXXX Quality of Life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-14): Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['ChronIc Venous Insufficiency']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['ChronIc Venous Insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 and @entity210 are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). It is unknown whether treating @entity5052 with @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), including @entity208 and @entity20082 , modifies @entity65 . METHODS: We used US insurance claims data to conduct a cohort study among @entity210 @entity1 , comparing XOI initiators with non-users with @entity5052 defined as serum @entity414 level >= 6.8 mg/dL. We calculated incidence rates of a composite nonfatal cardiovascular outcome that included @entity583 , coronary revascularization, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Propensity score (PS)-matched Cox proportional hazards regression compared the risk of composite cardiovascular endpoint in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 , controlling for baseline confounders. In a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity414 levels available, PS-matched Cox regression further adjusted for baseline @entity414 levels. RESULTS: There were 24,108 PS-matched pairs with a mean age of 51 years and 88% male. The incidence rate per 1000 @entity1 -years for composite @entity65 was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.6-26.0) in XOI initiators and 21.4 (95% CI, 19.8-23.2) in the untreated @entity5052 group. The PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99-1.34) in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 . In subgroup analyses, the PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 adjusted for serum @entity414 levels was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.74-1.64) among XOI initiators. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity210 , initiation of XOI was not associated with an increased or decreased cardiovascular risk compared with those with untreated @entity5052 . Subgroup analyses adjusting for baseline @entity414 levels also showed no association between XOI and cardiovascular risk.

title: Effects of @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors on @entity65 in @entity1 with XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risks', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 and @entity210 are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). It is unknown whether treating @entity5052 with @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), including @entity208 and @entity20082 , modifies @entity65 . METHODS: We used US insurance claims data to conduct a cohort study among @entity210 @entity1 , comparing XOI initiators with non-users with @entity5052 defined as serum @entity414 level >= 6.8 mg/dL. We calculated incidence rates of a composite nonfatal cardiovascular outcome that included @entity583 , coronary revascularization, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Propensity score (PS)-matched Cox proportional hazards regression compared the risk of composite cardiovascular endpoint in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 , controlling for baseline confounders. In a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity414 levels available, PS-matched Cox regression further adjusted for baseline @entity414 levels. RESULTS: There were 24,108 PS-matched pairs with a mean age of 51 years and 88% male. The incidence rate per 1000 @entity1 -years for composite @entity65 was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.6-26.0) in XOI initiators and 21.4 (95% CI, 19.8-23.2) in the untreated @entity5052 group. The PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99-1.34) in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 . In subgroup analyses, the PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 adjusted for serum @entity414 levels was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.74-1.64) among XOI initiators. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity210 , initiation of XOI was not associated with an increased or decreased cardiovascular risk compared with those with untreated @entity5052 . Subgroup analyses adjusting for baseline @entity414 levels also showed no association between XOI and cardiovascular risk.

title: Effects of XXXX oxidase inhibitors on @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity210 : a cohort study.

answer: @entity3624 :: (MESH:D019820,Chemical) :: ['xanthine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 and @entity210 are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). It is unknown whether treating @entity5052 with @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), including @entity208 and @entity20082 , modifies @entity65 . METHODS: We used US insurance claims data to conduct a cohort study among @entity210 @entity1 , comparing XOI initiators with non-users with @entity5052 defined as serum @entity414 level >= 6.8 mg/dL. We calculated incidence rates of a composite nonfatal cardiovascular outcome that included @entity583 , coronary revascularization, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Propensity score (PS)-matched Cox proportional hazards regression compared the risk of composite cardiovascular endpoint in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 , controlling for baseline confounders. In a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity414 levels available, PS-matched Cox regression further adjusted for baseline @entity414 levels. RESULTS: There were 24,108 PS-matched pairs with a mean age of 51 years and 88% male. The incidence rate per 1000 @entity1 -years for composite @entity65 was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.6-26.0) in XOI initiators and 21.4 (95% CI, 19.8-23.2) in the untreated @entity5052 group. The PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99-1.34) in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 . In subgroup analyses, the PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 adjusted for serum @entity414 levels was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.74-1.64) among XOI initiators. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity210 , initiation of XOI was not associated with an increased or decreased cardiovascular risk compared with those with untreated @entity5052 . Subgroup analyses adjusting for baseline @entity414 levels also showed no association between XOI and cardiovascular risk.

title: Effects of @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors on XXXX in @entity1 with @entity210 : a cohort study.

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 and @entity210 are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). It is unknown whether treating @entity5052 with @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), including @entity208 and @entity20082 , modifies @entity65 . METHODS: We used US insurance claims data to conduct a cohort study among @entity210 @entity1 , comparing XOI initiators with non-users with @entity5052 defined as serum @entity414 level >= 6.8 mg/dL. We calculated incidence rates of a composite nonfatal cardiovascular outcome that included @entity583 , coronary revascularization, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Propensity score (PS)-matched Cox proportional hazards regression compared the risk of composite cardiovascular endpoint in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 , controlling for baseline confounders. In a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity414 levels available, PS-matched Cox regression further adjusted for baseline @entity414 levels. RESULTS: There were 24,108 PS-matched pairs with a mean age of 51 years and 88% male. The incidence rate per 1000 @entity1 -years for composite @entity65 was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.6-26.0) in XOI initiators and 21.4 (95% CI, 19.8-23.2) in the untreated @entity5052 group. The PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99-1.34) in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 . In subgroup analyses, the PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 adjusted for serum @entity414 levels was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.74-1.64) among XOI initiators. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity210 , initiation of XOI was not associated with an increased or decreased cardiovascular risk compared with those with untreated @entity5052 . Subgroup analyses adjusting for baseline @entity414 levels also showed no association between XOI and cardiovascular risk.

title: Effects of @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors on @entity65 in XXXX with @entity210 : a cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is controversy surrounding the growth outcomes of treatment with @entity4396 agonist ( @entity4397 ) in central precocious puberty (CPP). We analyzed height preservation after treatment with @entity4397 with and without @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) in @entity1 with CPP. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 82 @entity1 with idiopathic CPP who had been treated with @entity4397 at Severance @entity1 's Hospital from 2004 to 2014. We assessed the changes in height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) for bone age (BA), and compared @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ) with midparental height ( @entity7541 ) and predicted @entity4479 ( @entity2556 ) during treatment in groups received @entity4397 alone (n=59) or @entity4397 plus @entity2124 (n=23). RESULTS: In the @entity4397 alone group, the height SDS for BA was increased during treatment. @entity4479 (160.4  4.23 cm) was significantly higher than the initial @entity2556 (156.6  3.96 cm) (P<0.001), and it was similar to the @entity7541 (159.9  3.52 cm). In the @entity4397 plus @entity2124 group, the height SDS for BA was also increased during treatment. @entity4479 (159.3  5.33 cm) was also higher than the initial @entity2556 (154.6  2.55 cm) (P<0.001), which was similar to the @entity7541 (158.1  3.31 cm). Height gain was slightly higher than that in the @entity4397 alone group, however it statistically showed no significant correlation with @entity2124 treatment. CONCLUSION: In CPP @entity1 treated with @entity4397 , the height SDS for BA was increased, and the @entity4479 was higher than the initial @entity2556 . Combined @entity2124 treatment showed a limited increase in height gain.

title: Adult height in @entity1 with central precocious puberty treated with @entity4396 agonist with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adult height', 'AH']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is controversy surrounding the growth outcomes of treatment with @entity4396 agonist ( @entity4397 ) in central precocious puberty (CPP). We analyzed height preservation after treatment with @entity4397 with and without @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) in @entity1 with CPP. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 82 @entity1 with idiopathic CPP who had been treated with @entity4397 at Severance @entity1 's Hospital from 2004 to 2014. We assessed the changes in height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) for bone age (BA), and compared @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ) with midparental height ( @entity7541 ) and predicted @entity4479 ( @entity2556 ) during treatment in groups received @entity4397 alone (n=59) or @entity4397 plus @entity2124 (n=23). RESULTS: In the @entity4397 alone group, the height SDS for BA was increased during treatment. @entity4479 (160.4  4.23 cm) was significantly higher than the initial @entity2556 (156.6  3.96 cm) (P<0.001), and it was similar to the @entity7541 (159.9  3.52 cm). In the @entity4397 plus @entity2124 group, the height SDS for BA was also increased during treatment. @entity4479 (159.3  5.33 cm) was also higher than the initial @entity2556 (154.6  2.55 cm) (P<0.001), which was similar to the @entity7541 (158.1  3.31 cm). Height gain was slightly higher than that in the @entity4397 alone group, however it statistically showed no significant correlation with @entity2124 treatment. CONCLUSION: In CPP @entity1 treated with @entity4397 , the height SDS for BA was increased, and the @entity4479 was higher than the initial @entity2556 . Combined @entity2124 treatment showed a limited increase in height gain.

title: Adult height in @entity1 with central precocious puberty treated with XXXX agonist with or without @entity2124 .

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is controversy surrounding the growth outcomes of treatment with @entity4396 agonist ( @entity4397 ) in central precocious puberty (CPP). We analyzed height preservation after treatment with @entity4397 with and without @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) in @entity1 with CPP. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 82 @entity1 with idiopathic CPP who had been treated with @entity4397 at Severance @entity1 's Hospital from 2004 to 2014. We assessed the changes in height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) for bone age (BA), and compared @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ) with midparental height ( @entity7541 ) and predicted @entity4479 ( @entity2556 ) during treatment in groups received @entity4397 alone (n=59) or @entity4397 plus @entity2124 (n=23). RESULTS: In the @entity4397 alone group, the height SDS for BA was increased during treatment. @entity4479 (160.4  4.23 cm) was significantly higher than the initial @entity2556 (156.6  3.96 cm) (P<0.001), and it was similar to the @entity7541 (159.9  3.52 cm). In the @entity4397 plus @entity2124 group, the height SDS for BA was also increased during treatment. @entity4479 (159.3  5.33 cm) was also higher than the initial @entity2556 (154.6  2.55 cm) (P<0.001), which was similar to the @entity7541 (158.1  3.31 cm). Height gain was slightly higher than that in the @entity4397 alone group, however it statistically showed no significant correlation with @entity2124 treatment. CONCLUSION: In CPP @entity1 treated with @entity4397 , the height SDS for BA was increased, and the @entity4479 was higher than the initial @entity2556 . Combined @entity2124 treatment showed a limited increase in height gain.

title: Adult height in XXXX with central precocious puberty treated with @entity4396 agonist with or without @entity2124 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: The effects of simulated microgravity on the static and dynamic properties of large arteries are still mostly unknown. The present study evaluated, using an integrated vascular approach, changes in structure and function of the common carotid and femoral arteries (CCA and @entity3795 ) after prolonged head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR). Ten healthy @entity1 were enrolled in a 5-week HDTBR study endorsed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Arterial geometry, flow, stiffness, and shear rate were evaluated by ultrasound. Local carotid pulse pressure and wave reflection were studied by applanation tonometry. After five weeks of HDTBR, @entity3795 showed a decrease in lumen diameter without significant changes in wall thickness (IMT), resulting in an inward remodeling. Local carotid pulse pressure decreased and carotid-to-brachial pressure amplification increased. The ratio of systolic-to-diastolic volumetric flow in @entity3795 decreased, whereas in CCA it tended to increase. Indices of arterial stiffness and shear rate did not change during HDTBR, either in CCA or @entity3795 . In summary, prolonged HDTBR has a different impact on CCA and @entity3795 structure and flow, probably depending on the characteristics of the vascular bed perfused.

title: Large Artery Remodeling and Dynamics following Simulated Microgravity by Prolonged Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: PURPOSE:: Advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery have allowed endoscopic surgical sympathicotomy to become a viable safe therapy for upper limb @entity1119 . We evaluated if and how this procedure improves the quality of life in @entity1 after a mean follow-up of 9.5 years. METHODS:: Between 1995 and 2013, the senior author performed 1440 upper dorsal sympathicotomies in 720 @entity1 . Questionnaires were submitted to randomized @entity1 , both to evaluate the durability of the results and to assess their quality of life after surgery. RESULTS:: In 46 @entity1 , anatomical distinctive features obscured the sympathetic chain, precluding partial or total completion of the procedure. The other 674 @entity1 reported complete relief of symptoms. A mean follow-up of 9.5 years (range, 2 to 17 y) was carried out on 450 @entity1 : 6 recurrences have been observed, severe @entity3190 was reported in 3 @entity1 , and 441 @entity1 were satisfied with nothing to complain. Furthermore, when comparing presurgery and postsurgery results, a statistically significant difference between most of @entity1 answers came out (P=0.001). CONCLUSION:: According to the data obtained, the procedure we described significantly improves the quality of life of treated @entity1 , also proving the durability of this procedure. DISCUSSION:: Minimally invasive endoscopic transthoracic sympathicotomy has proven to be an effective and durable surgical treatment for severe primary @entity1119 .

title: Video-assisted Thoracic Sympathicotomy for the Treatment of XXXX : A 17-Year Experience.

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory sweating']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['Palmar and Axillary Hyperhidrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced chondrocyte apoptosis is a primary cause of cartilage destruction in the progression of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), a novel pro-inflammatory mediator, have been confirmed to accumulate in @entity1 with @entity309 . However, the effect of AOPPs accumulation on chondrocyte apoptosis and the associated cellular mechanisms remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that the plasma formation of AOPPs was enhanced in @entity309 @entity35 compared with normal. Then, chondrocyte were treated with AOPPs-modified rat serum albumin (AOPPs-RSA) in vitro. Exposure of chondrocyte to AOPPs activated @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase and increased expression of @entity1110 oxidase subunits, which was mediated by @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ), but not scavenger receptor @entity4210 . Moreover, AOPPs challenge triggered @entity1110 oxidase-dependent ROS generation which induced @entity2383 and endoplasmic reticulum stress resulted in activation of caspase family that eventually lead to apoptosis. Lastly, blockade of @entity4283 , instead of @entity4210 , largely attenuated these signals. Our study demonstrated first time that AOPPs induce chondrocyte apoptosis via @entity4283 -mediated and redox-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway in vitro. These data implicates that AOPPs may represent a novel pathogenic factor that contributes to @entity309 progression. Targeting AOPPs-triggered cellular mechanisms might emerge as a promising therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Advanced oxidation protein products induce chondrocyte apoptosis via XXXX -mediated, redox-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity4283 :: ('177', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end products', 'RAGE']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity4283 :: (177,Gene) :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end products']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our previous RNA-sequencing analysis of the @entity35 cochlear genes identified multiple biological processes and molecular pathways in the cochlear response to acoustic overstimulation. However, the biological processes and molecular pathways that are common to other species have not been documented. The identification of these common stress processes is pivotal for a better understanding of the essential response of the cochlea to @entity130 . Here, we compared the RNA-sequencing data collected from @entity19 and @entity35 that sustained a similar, but not identical, @entity130 . The transcriptome analysis of cochlear genes identified the differentially expressed genes in the @entity19 and @entity35 samples. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a marked similarity in the changes in the biological processes between the two species, although the differentially expressed genes did not overlap well. The common processes associated with the differentially expressed genes are primarily associated with @entity1200 and @entity32 , which include the immune response, response to wounding, the defense response, @entity6722 and inflammatory responses. Moreover, analysis of the molecular pathways showed considerable overlap between the two species. The common pathways include cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, the chemokine signaling pathway, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Further analysis of the transcriptional regulators revealed common upstream regulators of the differentially expressed genes, and these upstream regulators are also functionally related to the immune and inflammatory responses. These results suggest that the immune and inflammatory responses are the essential responses to acoustic overstimulation in the cochlea.

title: Immune defense is the primary function associated with the differentially expressed genes in the cochlea following acoustic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the age-based cost-effectiveness of @entity348 ( @entity348 ), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for the treatment of @entity626 ( @entity626 ). METHODS: A Markov model was used to simulate theoretical cohorts of @entity1 40, 50, 60, and 70  years of age undergoing primary @entity348 , UKA, or HTO. Costs and outcomes associated with initial and subsequent interventions were estimated by following these virtual cohorts over a 10-year period. Revision and mortality rates, costs, and functional outcome data were estimated from a systematic review of the literature. Probabilistic analysis was conducted to accommodate these parameters' inherent uncertainty, and both discrete and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were utilized to assess the robustness of the model's outputs to changes in key variables. RESULTS: HTO was most likely to be cost-effective in cohorts under 60, and UKA most likely in those 60 and over. Probabilistic results did not indicate one intervention to be significantly more cost-effective than another. The model was exquisitely sensitive to changes in utility (functional outcome), somewhat sensitive to changes in cost, and least sensitive to changes in 10-year revision risk. CONCLUSIONS: HTO may be the most cost-effective option when treating @entity626 in younger @entity1 , while UKA may be preferred in older @entity1 . Functional utility is the primary driver of the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. For the clinician, this study supports HTO as a competitive treatment option in young @entity1 populations. It also validates each one of the three interventions considered as potentially optimal, depending heavily on @entity1 preferences and functional utility derived over time.

title: Medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: age-stratified cost-effectiveness of XXXX , unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and high tibial osteotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['MCOA', 'medial compartment knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence and etiology of @entity3509 with @entity292 (EWF) in @entity1 is unknown. We analyzed a national database to define the epidemiology and diagnoses associated with this condition. METHODS: Discharge data from the Kids' Inpatient Database were reviewed for EWF (ICD-9 diagnosis code 510.0) in @entity1  <=18  years from 2000 to 2012. @entity1 characteristics, institutional data, and accompanying conditions were evaluated. Weighted national estimates were calculated and incidence compared across years (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009) using the Rao-Scott Chi Square. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2012, 908 @entity1 were hospitalized with EWF. Age distribution was bimodal. Common primary diagnoses related to the hospitalization were @entity55 / @entity1997 (31.2  %) and EWF (19.3  %). Manipulation of the pleural space (e.g. decortication, drainage) comprised 45.0  % of procedures. Incidence rates of EWF increased (Rao Scott Adjusted Chi Square: 16.13, p  <  0.01) over the study period. Although not statistically significant, median length of stay and age of diagnosis decreased and increased, respectively. CONCLUSION: This first, national pediatric EWF study reveals rising incidence during the years 2000-2009. Despite limitations in ICD-9 coding, concomitant primary diagnoses and procedures suggest bronchopleural fistulae likely represent the vast majority of cases in this cohort. Multi-institutional studies are needed to confirm etiology and characterize outcome of EWF.

title: The rising incidence of @entity3509 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abscess']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence and etiology of @entity3509 with @entity292 (EWF) in @entity1 is unknown. We analyzed a national database to define the epidemiology and diagnoses associated with this condition. METHODS: Discharge data from the Kids' Inpatient Database were reviewed for EWF (ICD-9 diagnosis code 510.0) in @entity1  <=18  years from 2000 to 2012. @entity1 characteristics, institutional data, and accompanying conditions were evaluated. Weighted national estimates were calculated and incidence compared across years (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009) using the Rao-Scott Chi Square. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2012, 908 @entity1 were hospitalized with EWF. Age distribution was bimodal. Common primary diagnoses related to the hospitalization were @entity55 / @entity1997 (31.2  %) and EWF (19.3  %). Manipulation of the pleural space (e.g. decortication, drainage) comprised 45.0  % of procedures. Incidence rates of EWF increased (Rao Scott Adjusted Chi Square: 16.13, p  <  0.01) over the study period. Although not statistically significant, median length of stay and age of diagnosis decreased and increased, respectively. CONCLUSION: This first, national pediatric EWF study reveals rising incidence during the years 2000-2009. Despite limitations in ICD-9 coding, concomitant primary diagnoses and procedures suggest bronchopleural fistulae likely represent the vast majority of cases in this cohort. Multi-institutional studies are needed to confirm etiology and characterize outcome of EWF.

title: The rising incidence of XXXX with @entity292 .

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['pediatric empyema']


abstract: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is one of the severe complications of @entity572 ( @entity572 ) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The incidence of @entity1211 could be reduced if preventive antithrombotic medicines are used; however, the incidence of @entity548 may increase. @entity3925 is a factor Xa inhibitor that prevents @entity1211 after @entity572 or TKA. This study is designed to confirm the efficacy and safety of @entity3925 in Taiwan. This is a retrospective database study based on the data of 6996 @entity1 provided by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2008 to 2012. The data included the number of prescription, the cost of prescription, and case number for @entity1 treated with antithrombotic agents for the prevention or @entity2720 (including @entity572 , TKA, partial hip arthroplasty, revision @entity572 and TKA), and the incidence of @entity715 and @entity548 from year 2008 to 2012. The overall postoperative @entity1211 rate was 0.49%. Compared with other antithrombotic drugs, @entity3925 and @entity6950 analogs can reduce the percentage of @entity715 . We also found that the expenditure and hospitalization was less in the @entity3925 group than in the @entity6950 analogs group. Because some benefits of @entity3925 were found in our study, further cost-effective and drug safety studies are warranted. It is important to consider the cost-effective principle for the use of antithrombotic drugs in preventing @entity1031 after @entity2720 .

title: XXXX in preventing @entity1211 after arthroplastic surgery in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban', 'rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty', 'treatment of joint arthroplasty complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['Rivaroxaban']


abstract: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is one of the severe complications of @entity572 ( @entity572 ) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The incidence of @entity1211 could be reduced if preventive antithrombotic medicines are used; however, the incidence of @entity548 may increase. @entity3925 is a factor Xa inhibitor that prevents @entity1211 after @entity572 or TKA. This study is designed to confirm the efficacy and safety of @entity3925 in Taiwan. This is a retrospective database study based on the data of 6996 @entity1 provided by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2008 to 2012. The data included the number of prescription, the cost of prescription, and case number for @entity1 treated with antithrombotic agents for the prevention or @entity2720 (including @entity572 , TKA, partial hip arthroplasty, revision @entity572 and TKA), and the incidence of @entity715 and @entity548 from year 2008 to 2012. The overall postoperative @entity1211 rate was 0.49%. Compared with other antithrombotic drugs, @entity3925 and @entity6950 analogs can reduce the percentage of @entity715 . We also found that the expenditure and hospitalization was less in the @entity3925 group than in the @entity6950 analogs group. Because some benefits of @entity3925 were found in our study, further cost-effective and drug safety studies are warranted. It is important to consider the cost-effective principle for the use of antithrombotic drugs in preventing @entity1031 after @entity2720 .

title: @entity3925 in preventing XXXX after arthroplastic surgery in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4847 ( @entity4847 ) are the most common lesions in the extramedullary intradural compartment. Complex and large lesions may pose technical difficulties for the operating surgeons. We discuss the management of @entity4847 and technical issues including surgical approaches, spinal fixation, and dural handling with the goal of achieving good clinical outcomes while minimizing the risk of complications. We also propose a new classification for @entity4847 to guide surgical treatment of these @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 61 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity4847 during the period 1995-2012. The posterior approach was used for removal of most @entity5 (n  = 53). Lesions having a substantial extraforaminal component were accessed from the anterior or lateral approach or a combined approach. Concomitant spinal fixation and fusion was performed in 7 @entity1 . RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 (n  = 53) had clinical improvement; clinical status was the same in 4 @entity1 and worse in the remaining 4 @entity1 . One or more complications developed in 18 @entity1 (29.5%). Recurrence was the most common complication (n  = 7). @entity204 occurred in 2 @entity1 with @entity808 12 and 8 months, respectively, after surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions with large extraforaminal extension pose technical difficulty. Spinal fixation with fusion should be supplemented whenever necessary. Complications related to dura mater may be associated with significant morbidity, and all possible efforts should be made to prevent them.

title: Surgical Strategies in the Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['SNSTs', 'Spinal nerve sheath tumors']

answer: @entity4847 :: (MESH:D018317,Disease) :: ['Spinal Nerve Sheath Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review and appraise common vasopressor drugs used to treat @entity326 -induced @entity551 in volume replete animals. DATA SOURCES: @entity1 and animal publications were searched using PubMed without time limits and the following keywords were used: "vasopressor," " @entity326 ," " @entity1063 ," " @entity935 ," " @entity1425 ," and "vasopressin." @entity1 DATA SYNTHESIS: The choice of vasopressor drug is unlikely to have a marked impact on outcome, but the incidence of adverse events (eg, @entity591 ) varies greatly between the various treatment options. In agreement with the 2012 Cochrane Database consensus, @entity1063 is the first-choice vasopressor to maintain a mean arterial pressure >= 65 mm Hg. If an additional agent is required, epinephrine should be administered. Low-dose vasopressin can be added to @entity1063 to either increase the arterial blood pressure to the target goal value or decrease the @entity1063 dose, but should not be used as the initial vasopressor. @entity935 is not recommended except in highly selected circumstances. VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS: There is insufficient evidence to make definitive conclusions regarding the treatment of naturally occurring @entity326 , but clinical studies are underway to provide further data. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity551 in @entity1 or animals with @entity326 is challenging and vasopressor therapy is associated with a variety of adverse effects. Further research is warranted in @entity235 and @entity468 to establish evidence-based guidelines.

title: Controversies regarding choice of vasopressor therapy for management of XXXX in animals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['HUMAN', 'Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: A retrospective study interesting 582 anatomoclinical cases of @entity356 was realised in two anatomo-pathological services of Tunis from 1970 to 1985. The average age of @entity1 is 55 years old, with extensive ranges from 17 to 85 years old. The authors point out significative male predominance 64.6% of cases. The ulcered form is the most frequent, about 3.8% of macroscopic aspect cases. Among these last, the authors find 26.7% of ulcerating and polypoid form with invasive characteristics, and 18.83% of @entity9993 . The pyloric area localisation is the most frequent, 68% of cases. Diffuse @entity5 are observed in 8.47% of cases and numerous stomach localisation in 0.82% of cases. 84% of histological aspect are represented by @entity420 , the most frequent of them (35%) is well differentiated type, then the poorly differentiated (20%) and atypic form (19.75%). Frequency of @entity1893 reaches 14.7%, the first is the centroblastic form, then lymphoblastic and lymphoplasmocytic forms. Concerning evolution, @entity356 is an infiltrative @entity5 : serosal surface is attempted in 69.5% of cases, and during the first chirurgical act half cases show lymph nodes @entity3 .

title: [ XXXX of the stomach: apropos of 583 anatomo-clinical cases].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity9993 :: ('MESH:D008039', 'Disease') :: ['linitis plastica']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric malignant tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several limiting factors for @entity1 health and performance in microgravity have been clearly identified arising from the immune system, and substantial research activities are required in order to provide the basic information for appropriate integrated risk management. The gravity-sensitive nature of cells of the immune system renders them an ideal biological model in search for general gravity-sensitive mechanisms and to understand how the architecture and function of @entity1 cells is related to the gravitational force and therefore adapted to life on Earth. METHODS: We investigated the influence of altered gravity in parabolic flight and 2D clinostat experiments on key proteins of activation and signaling in primary T lymphocytes. We quantified components of the signaling cascade 1.) in non-activated T lymphocytes to assess the "basal status" of the cascade and 2.) in the process of activation to assess the signal transduction. RESULTS: We found a rapid decrease of CD3 and @entity2902 surface expression and reduced p-LAT after 20 seconds of altered gravity in non-activated primary T lymphocytes during parabolic flight. Furthermore, we observed decreased CD3 surface expression, reduced @entity6755 abundance and increased histone H3-acetylation in activated T lymphocytes after 5 minutes of clinorotation and a transient downregulation of CD3 and stable downregulation of @entity2902 during 60 minutes of clinorotation. CONCLUSION: CD3 and @entity2902 are downregulated in primary T lymphocytes in altered gravity. We assume that a gravity condition around 1g is required for the expression of key surface receptors and appropriate regulation of signal molecules in T lymphocytes.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Signal transduction in primary XXXX T lymphocytes in altered gravity during parabolic flight and clinostat experiments.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity56 caused by house dust mite (HDM) is becoming a public health problem. Specific immunotherapy is considered to be the only curative treatment, but it is always associated with IgE-mediated side effects in the therapy process. A few studies showed that the disruption of allergen IgE epitopes could reduce IgE reactivity and thus reduce allergenic activity. In this study, a hypoallergenic derivative of the major HDM allergen Der p2 was constructed by genetic engineering. This derivative was confirmed to have a considerably reduced IgE reactivity compared with Der p2. For its application in vivo, recombinant @entity7878 (LL-DM) was engineered to deliver the Der p2 derivative to the intestinal mucosal surface. Oral administration of LL-DM significantly alleviated Der p2-induced @entity32 , as shown by reduced inflammatory infiltration and a reduction in Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage. This protective effect was associated with an up-regulation of specific @entity9749 and a decrease in @entity58 level in the spleen which may affect specific IgE response. Moreover, the levels of regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were markedly increased in @entity19 fed with LL-DM, suggesting that LL-DM can inhibit allergic responses via the induction of regulatory T cell. Our results indicate that the Der p2 derivative is a promising therapeutic molecule for specific immunotherapy and recombinant @entity880 bacteria could be developed as a promising treatment or prevention strategy for @entity56 .

title: Suppression of dust mite allergy by mucosal delivery of a hypoallergenic derivative in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic asthma', 'allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of @entity742 dosed daily with 2500 @entity36993 larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals. The proximal small intestines of the infected @entity742 exhibited extensive @entity16 at five and nine weeks, but only isolated lesions were found at 14 weeks. Activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase, @entity368 amino-peptidase, maltase and @entity39350 dipeptidase were all significantly depleted during @entity281 , although the magnitude, time of onset and duration of the individual enzyme responses varied. Mucosal activities of the pancreatic enzymes, trypsin and to a lesser extent chymotrypsin were also markedly decreased particularly during the first nine weeks of @entity281 . Specific acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased throughout the study, maximal levels being observed at five weeks. In contrast 'pseudo'-cholinesterase levels were consistently within the control range. During the early stages of @entity281 (five weeks) @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activity was significantly decreased, while aldolase and @entity908 phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated. At nine weeks low @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activities were again detected and @entity880 dehydrogenase activity was also markedly reduced. At 14 weeks the mean activities of all four enzymes were within the normal range as were @entity224 dismutase levels throughout. Significant correlations were found between alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, aldolase and @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activities and the degree of @entity16 within the individual @entity742 .

title: Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of XXXX during @entity281 with @entity36993 .

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity36993 :: ('40352', 'Species') :: ['Trichostrongylus vitrinus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5911 :: ('MESH:D062907', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaloacetate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity39350 :: ('MESH:C015905', 'Chemical') :: ['glycyl-L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of @entity742 dosed daily with 2500 @entity36993 larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals. The proximal small intestines of the infected @entity742 exhibited extensive @entity16 at five and nine weeks, but only isolated lesions were found at 14 weeks. Activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase, @entity368 amino-peptidase, maltase and @entity39350 dipeptidase were all significantly depleted during @entity281 , although the magnitude, time of onset and duration of the individual enzyme responses varied. Mucosal activities of the pancreatic enzymes, trypsin and to a lesser extent chymotrypsin were also markedly decreased particularly during the first nine weeks of @entity281 . Specific acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased throughout the study, maximal levels being observed at five weeks. In contrast 'pseudo'-cholinesterase levels were consistently within the control range. During the early stages of @entity281 (five weeks) @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activity was significantly decreased, while aldolase and @entity908 phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated. At nine weeks low @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activities were again detected and @entity880 dehydrogenase activity was also markedly reduced. At 14 weeks the mean activities of all four enzymes were within the normal range as were @entity224 dismutase levels throughout. Significant correlations were found between alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, aldolase and @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activities and the degree of @entity16 within the individual @entity742 .

title: Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of @entity742 during @entity281 with XXXX .

answer: @entity36993 :: (40352,Species) :: ['Trichostrongylus vitrinus']


abstract: The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of @entity742 dosed daily with 2500 @entity36993 larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals. The proximal small intestines of the infected @entity742 exhibited extensive @entity16 at five and nine weeks, but only isolated lesions were found at 14 weeks. Activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase, @entity368 amino-peptidase, maltase and @entity39350 dipeptidase were all significantly depleted during @entity281 , although the magnitude, time of onset and duration of the individual enzyme responses varied. Mucosal activities of the pancreatic enzymes, trypsin and to a lesser extent chymotrypsin were also markedly decreased particularly during the first nine weeks of @entity281 . Specific acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased throughout the study, maximal levels being observed at five weeks. In contrast 'pseudo'-cholinesterase levels were consistently within the control range. During the early stages of @entity281 (five weeks) @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activity was significantly decreased, while aldolase and @entity908 phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated. At nine weeks low @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activities were again detected and @entity880 dehydrogenase activity was also markedly reduced. At 14 weeks the mean activities of all four enzymes were within the normal range as were @entity224 dismutase levels throughout. Significant correlations were found between alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, aldolase and @entity1160 - @entity5911 transaminase activities and the degree of @entity16 within the individual @entity742 .

title: Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of @entity742 during XXXX with @entity36993 .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['chronic infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare pregnancy outcome in @entity1 with normal oocyte reserve according to whether they received conventional or mild follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controlled @entity43 (COH) further stratified by age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A ten-year retrospective study including all cycles (even multiple in given @entity1 ) was performed. Mild stimulation including all cycles initiated and continued with 150 IU FSH or less from early follicular phase. Everything else was considered conventional stimulation. Mild stimulation included natural cycles or those with just a boost of 75 IU FSH from the mid to late follicular phase. Only @entity1 with normal oocyte reserve were selected--serum FSH < 12 mIU/mL and serum E2 < 50 pg/mL. Live delivered pregnancy rates within three age groups ( <= 35, 36-39, and 40-42 years) were compared per embryo transfer and per embryo retrieval, i.e., the percentage of @entity1 having a live baby without proceeding to another IVF-ET cycle. Also compared were the average number of babies born from one retrieval. RESULTS: For aged  <= 35 there were no differences in pregnancy rates per transfer but a trend for higher pregnancy rates per retrieval with conventional stimulation. For all other age groups both pregnancy rates per transfer and retrieval were significantly higher with conventional stimulation. This was reflected with a higher average number of babies born per retrieval with conventional. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with normal oocyte reserve in general, there is no advantage of mild vs. conventional COH other than cost saving. Of course there are exceptions, e.g., @entity43 with conventional COH.

title: The effect of conventional vs. mild XXXX on the total number of live babies born from a given oocyte retrieval.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']


abstract: @entity14 is the leading cause of @entity5 in @entity1 and third leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 . The prognosis worsens when @entity5 metastasizes to other organs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop biomarkers for the early diagnosis of @entity3 as well as @entity5 development. Mass spectrometry-based technologies have been applied to the discovery of protein biomarkers, especially in the field of @entity5 . These results have identified numerous candidate protein biomarkers. Unfortunately, only a few are currently being applied in clinical diagnostics. Recent advances in proteomic technology such as selected/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) facilitated the detection and quantitation of specific proteins in complex samples without the need for antibodies. We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of membrane proteins extracted from @entity14 tissues using the iTRAQ shotgun method to discover biomarker candidates, and then extensively validated the biomarker candidate proteins by SRM/MRM. A total of 5,566 proteins were identified in tissue samples obtained from @entity652 and @entity5 with and without @entity3 . Differences were observed in the expression of about 400 proteins. Among them, 105 biomarker candidates which were predicted to be membrane proteins and extracellular proteins by gene ontology analysis were quantitated using SRM/MRM. As a result, we could confirm differences in the expressions of 69 of these proteins using the same set of @entity1 samples as discovery experiments, and this was subsequently verified in an independent set of samples. Significant differences were observed in the expression of 44 of these proteins. Moreover, some of the biomarker candidates were detected and quantitated in the serum of @entity14 @entity1 . These biomarker candidates are promising diagnostic tools on investigating the development and progression of @entity14 .

title: [Biomarker Discovery of XXXX Using Membrane Proteins Extracted from Cancer Tissues].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: Autophagy plays a crucial role in cellular response to ionizing radiation, but it is unclear whether autophagy can modulate radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). Here, we investigated the relationship between bystander damage and autophagy in @entity1 @entity157 cells of HepG2. Materials and methods: HepG2 cells were treated with conditioned medium (CM) collected from 3 Gy y-rays irradiated @entity157 HepG2 cells for 4, 12, or 24 h, followed by the measurement of @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ), intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and protein expressions of @entity21684 and @entity8783 in the bystander HepG2 cells. In some experiments, the bystander HepG2 cells were respectively transfected with @entity21684 small interfering RNA (siRNA), @entity8783 siRNA or treated with 1% @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ). Results: Additional @entity4523 and mitochondrial dysfunction coupled with ROS were induced in the bystander cells. The expressions of protein markers of autophagy, @entity21684 -II/ @entity21684 -I and @entity8783 , increased in the bystander cells. The inductions of bystander @entity4523 and overexpressions of @entity21684 and @entity8783 were significantly diminished by @entity3733 . However, when the bystander cells were transfected with @entity21684 siRNA or @entity8783 siRNA, the yield of bystander @entity4523 was significantly enhanced. Conclusion: The elevated ROS have bi-functions in balancing the bystander effects. One is to cause @entity4523 and the other is to induce protective autophagy.

title: Role of ROS-mediated autophagy in radiation-induced bystander effect of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronuclei']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity21684 :: ('84557', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)', 'LC3']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']