abstract: Many life history stages of animals that experience environmental insults enter developmental arrested states that are characterized by reduced cellular proliferation, with or without a concurrent reduction in overall metabolism. In the case of the most profound @entity1167 reported in invertebrates, i.e., anaerobic quiescence in @entity19928 embryos, acidification of the intracellular milieu is a major factor governing catabolic and anabolic downregulation. Release of ions from intracellular compartments is the source for approximately 50% of the proton equivalents needed for the 1.5 unit acidification that is observed. Recovery from the @entity1167 requires re-sequestration of the protons with a vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). The remarkable facet of this mechanism is the ability of embryonic cells to survive the dissipation of intracellular ion gradients. Across many diapause-like states, the metabolic reduction and subsequent matching of energy demand is accomplished by shifting energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Molecular pathways that are activated to induce these resilient hypometabolic states include stimulation of the @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin signaling via suite of daf (dauer formation) genes for diapause-like states in @entity2199 and insects. Contributing factors for other metabolically @entity308 states involve @entity519 -inducible factor-1 and downregulation of the @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex. Metabolic similarities between natural states of @entity3179 and some @entity5 phenotypes are noteworthy. Reduction of flux through oxidative phosphorylation helps prevent cell death in certain @entity5 types, similar to the way it increases viability of dauer stages in @entity2199 . Mechanisms that underlie natural @entity3179 are being used to pre-condition @entity1 cells prior to cell biostabilization and storage.

title: Metabolic restructuring during energy-limited states: insights from XXXX embryos and other animals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity19928 :: ('6661', 'Species') :: ['Artemia franciscana']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic arrest']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity19928 :: (6661,Species) :: ['Artemia franciscana']


abstract: Organogenesis throughout childhood affects almost every aspect of pediatric pharmacotherapy. The @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are particularly impacted since most elimination rates are diminished for the first 6 months of infancy, but quickly attain and supersede adult values. When @entity1 enter a @entity2495 stage, large doses of @entity734 may be necessary to maintain effective serum concentrations. Medication noncompliance is frequently confused as @entity2495 , since both present with low serum drug concentrations. Amazingly, noncompliance among @entity1 with @entity102 approaches a similar incidence to that reported in the adult population. It is obviously important to include this in the differential diagnosis of the etiology of subtherapeutic serum AED concentrations. Maturational differences also affect gastrointestinal drug absorption. Intestinal transit time and absorptive surface area are both diminished in young @entity1 . Drug delivery systems suitable in adults may not deliver the total dosage in @entity1 . Differences in the composition of body compartments and protein binding can alter the volume of drug distribution and, consequently, serum concentrations. In addition to pathophysiologic changes, there is evidence to suggest differences between a mature and immature brain. These differences include quantitative and qualitative responses to neurotransmitters. Hence, it is understandable why @entity410 semiology is different in @entity1 compared with adults. This constellation of factors contributes to the challenges of caring for @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic', 'hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Uremic toxin removal based on diffusion and/or convection allows eliminating solutes with negative metabolic impact. Uremic solutes can be classified as small and water-soluble compounds, larger "middle" molecules, or protein bound solutes. The question arises whether more removal of each of these solute classes affects @entity1 survival. Kt/V of @entity1133 is currently used as a surrogate for small water-soluble solute removal. There is ample evidence that Kt/V and survival are correlated, but the threshold Kt/V remains a matter of debate. Probably, the actually proposed threshold of 1.2 is too low. This impact of Kt/V is in contradiction with the low @entity137 of @entity1133 and points to a role for other water-soluble solutes, e.g., @entity972 . More removal of middle molecules results in a lower morbidity and also in a lower mortality. In addition, a relationship has been demonstrated between the use of membranes with large pore size and a decrease of inflammatory status, by itself an important factor related to mortality. One of the problems is that large pore membranes are at the same time more biocompatible and reflect more dialysate impurities, compared to many small pore membranes, whereas they also reflect more dialysate impurities. It remains uncertain which one of these factors, if any, has a predominant effect. Recent studies point to a separate effect of pore size but await confirmation. Protein bound toxins inhibit several biochemical functions. Their removal pattern is totally different from that of classical markers such as @entity1133 . In analogy with drugs, it is essentially the free unbound fraction that exerts biological action; this free fraction is inversely related to serum albumin, another inflammatory marker related to survival. In a final section of this presentation, attention will be drawn to the relationship in @entity1381 @entity1 between @entity32 , @entity3147 , @entity65 , and mortality, and some of the potential culprits are discussed. Virtually all of these molecules have a high molecular weight or are protein bound. It is concluded that both small and middle molecule removal have an impact on survival, so that more than @entity1133 removal alone should be pursued.

title: Survival of hemodialysis @entity1 and XXXX toxin removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['uremic']


abstract: Uremic toxin removal based on diffusion and/or convection allows eliminating solutes with negative metabolic impact. Uremic solutes can be classified as small and water-soluble compounds, larger "middle" molecules, or protein bound solutes. The question arises whether more removal of each of these solute classes affects @entity1 survival. Kt/V of @entity1133 is currently used as a surrogate for small water-soluble solute removal. There is ample evidence that Kt/V and survival are correlated, but the threshold Kt/V remains a matter of debate. Probably, the actually proposed threshold of 1.2 is too low. This impact of Kt/V is in contradiction with the low @entity137 of @entity1133 and points to a role for other water-soluble solutes, e.g., @entity972 . More removal of middle molecules results in a lower morbidity and also in a lower mortality. In addition, a relationship has been demonstrated between the use of membranes with large pore size and a decrease of inflammatory status, by itself an important factor related to mortality. One of the problems is that large pore membranes are at the same time more biocompatible and reflect more dialysate impurities, compared to many small pore membranes, whereas they also reflect more dialysate impurities. It remains uncertain which one of these factors, if any, has a predominant effect. Recent studies point to a separate effect of pore size but await confirmation. Protein bound toxins inhibit several biochemical functions. Their removal pattern is totally different from that of classical markers such as @entity1133 . In analogy with drugs, it is essentially the free unbound fraction that exerts biological action; this free fraction is inversely related to serum albumin, another inflammatory marker related to survival. In a final section of this presentation, attention will be drawn to the relationship in @entity1381 @entity1 between @entity32 , @entity3147 , @entity65 , and mortality, and some of the potential culprits are discussed. Virtually all of these molecules have a high molecular weight or are protein bound. It is concluded that both small and middle molecule removal have an impact on survival, so that more than @entity1133 removal alone should be pursued.

title: Survival of hemodialysis XXXX and @entity1381 toxin removal.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Regarding the mechanisms of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, several hypotheses have been put forward, among which oxidative stress (including depletion of @entity2041 ) is likely. This investigation elucidates the role of free radicals in @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and the protection by @entity2493 . @entity35 albino @entity35 were injected with @entity1500 intraperitoneally. Following a single dose of @entity1500 (20 mg/kg), either saline ( @entity1500 group) or @entity2493 (10 mg/kg, @entity1500 + Mel group) was administered for 5 days. In other @entity35 , physiologic saline (control group) or @entity2493 (10 mg/kg, Mel group) was injected for 5 days, following a single injection of saline. On the sixth day, @entity35 were killed to obtain blood, liver, and kidney tissue samples. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), an end product of lipid peroxidation, and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), a key antioxidant, levels were evaluated in blood and tissue homogenates. Reactive @entity26 metabolite-induced inflammatory changes in kidney and liver tissues were evaluated by measuring @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration. @entity1500 administration resulted in increased @entity1865 levels and @entity1589 activity and decreased @entity2197 levels in the blood, liver, and kidney whereas @entity2493 reversed these effects. When @entity2493 was administered alone, no significant changes in biochemical parameters were noted. In conclusion, the present study suggests that @entity2493 may be of therapeutic benefit when used with @entity1500 .

title: @entity2493 prevents XXXX -induced hepatorenal oxidative injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Regarding the mechanisms of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, several hypotheses have been put forward, among which oxidative stress (including depletion of @entity2041 ) is likely. This investigation elucidates the role of free radicals in @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and the protection by @entity2493 . @entity35 albino @entity35 were injected with @entity1500 intraperitoneally. Following a single dose of @entity1500 (20 mg/kg), either saline ( @entity1500 group) or @entity2493 (10 mg/kg, @entity1500 + Mel group) was administered for 5 days. In other @entity35 , physiologic saline (control group) or @entity2493 (10 mg/kg, Mel group) was injected for 5 days, following a single injection of saline. On the sixth day, @entity35 were killed to obtain blood, liver, and kidney tissue samples. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), an end product of lipid peroxidation, and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), a key antioxidant, levels were evaluated in blood and tissue homogenates. Reactive @entity26 metabolite-induced inflammatory changes in kidney and liver tissues were evaluated by measuring @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration. @entity1500 administration resulted in increased @entity1865 levels and @entity1589 activity and decreased @entity2197 levels in the blood, liver, and kidney whereas @entity2493 reversed these effects. When @entity2493 was administered alone, no significant changes in biochemical parameters were noted. In conclusion, the present study suggests that @entity2493 may be of therapeutic benefit when used with @entity1500 .

title: XXXX prevents @entity1499 -induced hepatorenal oxidative injury in @entity35 .

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: Regarding the mechanisms of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, several hypotheses have been put forward, among which oxidative stress (including depletion of @entity2041 ) is likely. This investigation elucidates the role of free radicals in @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and the protection by @entity2493 . @entity35 albino @entity35 were injected with @entity1500 intraperitoneally. Following a single dose of @entity1500 (20 mg/kg), either saline ( @entity1500 group) or @entity2493 (10 mg/kg, @entity1500 + Mel group) was administered for 5 days. In other @entity35 , physiologic saline (control group) or @entity2493 (10 mg/kg, Mel group) was injected for 5 days, following a single injection of saline. On the sixth day, @entity35 were killed to obtain blood, liver, and kidney tissue samples. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), an end product of lipid peroxidation, and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), a key antioxidant, levels were evaluated in blood and tissue homogenates. Reactive @entity26 metabolite-induced inflammatory changes in kidney and liver tissues were evaluated by measuring @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration. @entity1500 administration resulted in increased @entity1865 levels and @entity1589 activity and decreased @entity2197 levels in the blood, liver, and kidney whereas @entity2493 reversed these effects. When @entity2493 was administered alone, no significant changes in biochemical parameters were noted. In conclusion, the present study suggests that @entity2493 may be of therapeutic benefit when used with @entity1500 .

title: @entity2493 prevents @entity1499 -induced hepatorenal oxidative injury in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms of resistance to @entity16580 and @entity35456 in African trypanosomes. METHODS: Bloodstream-form @entity3177 were selected for resistance to @entity16580 and @entity35456 by stepwise exposure to increasing drug concentrations. Clones were subjected to WGS to identify putative resistance genes. Transgenic parasites modulating expression of genes of interest were generated and drug susceptibility phenotypes determined. RESULTS: @entity16580 -resistant (NfxR) and @entity35456 -resistant (FxR) parasites shared reciprocal cross-resistance suggestive of a common mechanism of action. Previously, a type I nitroreductase (NTR) has been implicated in nitro drug activation. WGS of resistant clones revealed that NfxR parasites had lost >100 kb from one copy of chromosome 7, rendering them hemizygous for NTR as well as over 30 other genes. FxR parasites retained both copies of NTR, but lost >70 kb downstream of one NTR allele, decreasing NTR transcription by half. A single knockout line of NTR displayed 1.6- and 1.9-fold resistance to @entity16580 and @entity35456 , respectively. Since NfxR and FxR parasites are    6- and 20-fold resistant to @entity16580 and @entity35456 , respectively, additional factors must be involved. Overexpression and knockout studies ruled out a role for a putative oxidoreductase (Tb927.7.7410) and a hypothetical gene (Tb927.1.1050), previously identified in a genome-scale RNAi screen. CONCLUSIONS: NTR was confirmed as a key resistance determinant, either by loss of one gene copy or loss of gene expression. Further work is required to identify which of the many dozens of SNPs identified in the drug-resistant cell lines contribute to the overall resistance phenotype.

title: Nitroheterocyclic drug resistance mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16580 :: ('MESH:D009547', 'Chemical') :: ['nifurtimox', 'Nifurtimox']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']

entities_list: @entity35456 :: ('MESH:C038307', 'Chemical') :: ['fexinidazole']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity902 -based chemotherapy-resistant metastatic @entity150 remains poor. Personalized selection of the right peptides for each @entity1 could be a novel approach for a @entity5 vaccine to boost anticancer immunity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this randomized, open-label, phase II study, @entity1 ages >= 18 years with progressive @entity150 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity2286 ) plus best supportive care (BSC) or BSC. @entity2286 treatment used a maximum of four peptides chosen from 31 candidate peptides according to human leukocyte antigen types and peptide-reactive IgG titers, for 12 s.c. injections (8 injections, weekly; 4 injections, bi-weekly). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), immune response, and @entity137 . RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity2286 plus BSC (n = 39) or BSC (n = 41). No significant improvement in PFS was noted [HR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4-1.2, P = 0.17]. For the secondary endpoints, @entity2286 plus BSC significantly prolonged @entity1349 compared with BSC (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.99, P = 0.049), with median @entity1349 of 7.9 months (95% CI, 3.5-12.0) in the @entity2286 plus BSC and 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.8-6.9) in the BSC. @entity2286 treatment was well tolerated, without serious adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2286 could not prolong PFS, but @entity1349 appeared to be improved with @entity137 and immune responses. Further large-scale, randomized trials are needed to confirm these results. Clin Cancer Res; 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: An Open-Label, Randomized Phase II Trial of Personalized Peptide Vaccination in @entity1 with XXXX that Progressed after @entity902 -Based Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'low toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer of the bladder', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity902 -based chemotherapy-resistant metastatic @entity150 remains poor. Personalized selection of the right peptides for each @entity1 could be a novel approach for a @entity5 vaccine to boost anticancer immunity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this randomized, open-label, phase II study, @entity1 ages >= 18 years with progressive @entity150 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity2286 ) plus best supportive care (BSC) or BSC. @entity2286 treatment used a maximum of four peptides chosen from 31 candidate peptides according to human leukocyte antigen types and peptide-reactive IgG titers, for 12 s.c. injections (8 injections, weekly; 4 injections, bi-weekly). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), immune response, and @entity137 . RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity2286 plus BSC (n = 39) or BSC (n = 41). No significant improvement in PFS was noted [HR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4-1.2, P = 0.17]. For the secondary endpoints, @entity2286 plus BSC significantly prolonged @entity1349 compared with BSC (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.99, P = 0.049), with median @entity1349 of 7.9 months (95% CI, 3.5-12.0) in the @entity2286 plus BSC and 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.8-6.9) in the BSC. @entity2286 treatment was well tolerated, without serious adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2286 could not prolong PFS, but @entity1349 appeared to be improved with @entity137 and immune responses. Further large-scale, randomized trials are needed to confirm these results. Clin Cancer Res; 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: An Open-Label, Randomized Phase II Trial of Personalized Peptide Vaccination in @entity1 with @entity150 that Progressed after XXXX -Based Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['Platinum']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity902 -based chemotherapy-resistant metastatic @entity150 remains poor. Personalized selection of the right peptides for each @entity1 could be a novel approach for a @entity5 vaccine to boost anticancer immunity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this randomized, open-label, phase II study, @entity1 ages >= 18 years with progressive @entity150 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity2286 ) plus best supportive care (BSC) or BSC. @entity2286 treatment used a maximum of four peptides chosen from 31 candidate peptides according to human leukocyte antigen types and peptide-reactive IgG titers, for 12 s.c. injections (8 injections, weekly; 4 injections, bi-weekly). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), immune response, and @entity137 . RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity2286 plus BSC (n = 39) or BSC (n = 41). No significant improvement in PFS was noted [HR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4-1.2, P = 0.17]. For the secondary endpoints, @entity2286 plus BSC significantly prolonged @entity1349 compared with BSC (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.99, P = 0.049), with median @entity1349 of 7.9 months (95% CI, 3.5-12.0) in the @entity2286 plus BSC and 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.8-6.9) in the BSC. @entity2286 treatment was well tolerated, without serious adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2286 could not prolong PFS, but @entity1349 appeared to be improved with @entity137 and immune responses. Further large-scale, randomized trials are needed to confirm these results. Clin Cancer Res; 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: An Open-Label, Randomized Phase II Trial of Personalized Peptide Vaccination in XXXX with @entity150 that Progressed after @entity902 -Based Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tridax procumbens @entity3088 (TPFs) are well known for their medicinal properties among local natives. Besides traditionally used for dropsy, @entity417 , @entity625 , @entity210 , @entity565 , @entity1066 , piles, and urinary problems, it is also used in treating @entity356 , body @entity158 , and @entity158 . TPFs have been reported to increase osteogenic functioning in mesenchymal stem cells. Our previous study showed that TPFs were significantly suppressed the @entity5298 -induced differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. However, the effects of TPFs to promote osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation remain unclear. TPFs were isolated from Tridax procumbens and investigated for their effects on osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation by using primary @entity19 @entity9332 . RESULTS: TPFs promoted osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner demonstrated by up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. TPFs also upregulated osteoblast differentiation related genes, including osteocalcin, osterix, and @entity8087 in primary osteoblasts. TPFs treated primary osteoblast cells showed significant upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) including @entity1841 , @entity13062 , and @entity12017 . Addition of @entity32968 , a @entity6861 specific-antagonist, inhibited TPFs induced upregulation of the osteocalcin, osterix, and @entity8087 . CONCLUSION: Our findings point towards the induction of osteoblast differentiation by TPFs and suggested that TPFs could be a potential anabolic agent to treat @entity1 with @entity604 -associated diseases such as @entity170 .

title: Tridax procumbens XXXX promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial osteoblasts']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'rheumatic pains of joints']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric problems']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify independent predictors of progression and global survival in @entity1 affected by @entity1803 @entity1358 . To make risk groups by risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 117 @entity1 with @entity1803 @entity1358 . 88 was M0 and 29 M1. Most frequent clinical feature: asintomatic @entity1 . 80 males (69%) and 37 females (31%). Mean age 59 (24-82). Median follow up 34 months (mean 44 +/- 39 months). RESULTS: Pathological stage (TNM 1997) was pT3a in 52 @entity1 (43.6%), pT3b 63 @entity1 (53.6%) and pT3c 2 @entity1 . HISTOLOGY: clear cell @entity189 106 @entity1 (90.6%), papillary 5 @entity1 (4.3%) an dchromophobe 4 @entity1 (3.4%). Nuclear grading according Fuhrman's classification: G1 13 @entity1 , G2 45 @entity1 , G3 32 and G4 12 @entity1 . Size > 4 cm (p = 0.005/p = 0.0019), grade 3-4 (p = 0.006/p = 0.0007), N+ (p = 0.034/p = 0.009) and M+ (p = 0.035/p = 0.042) were independent prognosis factors for progression and global survival of the @entity1803 @entity1358 . @entity1 M0 with 0 or 1 risk factor have better global survival tanh @entity1 M0 with 3 or 4 risk factors and @entity1 M1. CONCLUSIONS: Size, grade, N+ and M+ were independent prognosis factors for progression and global survival of the @entity1803 @entity1358 . Tera are no differencies in global survival between @entity1 M0 with 2 or 3 risk factors and @entity1 M1.

title: [Prognosis factors in XXXX renal carcinoma].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: Of the 150 @entity1 admitted in 2001 to the @entity392 Center located at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine,     d  , Poland, 80 were subjected to complex examinations consisted of standardized questionnaire on medical history, psychological tests and audiological assessment. The diagnostic procedure was completed for 52 @entity1 (23 females and 29 males; mean age: 53 years). In this group, five @entity1 were found to have conductive @entity393 due to chronic eustachtis or @entity8719 . They were excluded from further studies. Among the other 47 @entity1 , 26 showed normal hearing threshold and 21 suffered from uni- or bilateral @entity1274 . @entity7804 was diagnosed in 16 cases. The measurements of brainstem evoked potentials revealed V wave latency asymmetry in 7 cases, which implied the necessity to perform CT or @entity56028 . In neither of cases did this diagnosis confirm the suspected @entity5 development (n. @entity797 @entity5 . The preliminary assessment of treatment efficacy for subjective @entity392 with use of retraining therapy yielded the following conclusions: 1. The application of hearing aid brings about an immediate improvement in the @entity1 's self-assessment of hearing and a better tolerance towards @entity392 . 2. A systematic all-day wear of noise generators contributes to the @entity1 's increased tolerance towards @entity392 , improved mental condition and alleviated @entity7804 . 3. The efficacy of the @entity392 retraining therapy, following Jastreboff, depends on providing the @entity1 with detailed information on the causes and mechanisms of @entity392 development. 4. The negative diagnostics for @entity5 within the cranial cavity has not only a soothing effect on the @entity1 as it relieves his/her stress, but it can also be a good starting point for the @entity392 retraining therapy.

title: [ XXXX Center at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine--earliest experience].

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['hyperacusis', 'Hyperacusis']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neurinoma or pontocerebral angle tumor']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'Tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['Tinnitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity888 ( @entity7865 ) is a psychostimulant and drug of abuse, commonly used early in life, including in childhood and adolescence. Adverse effects include @entity716 , @entity148 and @entity1316 , as well as increased risk of developing a @entity146 later in life. The current study investigated the long-term effects of chronic @entity7865 exposure during pre-adolescence in stress-sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) @entity35 (genetic model of @entity308 ) and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) @entity35 . @entity7865 or vehicle control was administered twice daily from post-natal day 19 (PostND19) to PostND34, followed by behavioural testing at either PostND35 (early effects) or long-lasting after withdrawal at PostND60 (early adulthood). Animals were evaluated for @entity308 -like behaviour, locomotor activity, social interaction and object recognition memory. @entity7865 reduced @entity308 -like behaviour in both FSL and FRL @entity35 at PostND35, but enhanced this behaviour at PostND60. @entity7865 also reduced locomotor activity on PostND35 in both FSL and FRL @entity35 , but without effect at PostND60. Furthermore, @entity7865 significantly lowered social interaction behaviour (staying together) in both FRL and FSL @entity35 at PostND35 and PostND60, whereas self-grooming time was significantly reduced only at PostND35. @entity7865 treatment enhanced exploration of the familiar vs. novel object in the novel object recognition test (nORT) in FSL and FRL @entity35 on PostND35 and PostND60, indicative of reduced cognitive performance. Thus, early-life @entity7865 exposure induce @entity73 . Lastly, early-life exposure to @entity7865 may result in acute antidepressant-like effects immediately after chronic exposure, whereas long-term effects after withdrawal are depressogenic. Data also supports a role for genetic predisposition as with FSL @entity35 .

title: The long-term effects of @entity888 exposure during pre-adolescence on XXXX -like behaviour in a genetic animal model of @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['social and cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity888 ( @entity7865 ) is a psychostimulant and drug of abuse, commonly used early in life, including in childhood and adolescence. Adverse effects include @entity716 , @entity148 and @entity1316 , as well as increased risk of developing a @entity146 later in life. The current study investigated the long-term effects of chronic @entity7865 exposure during pre-adolescence in stress-sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) @entity35 (genetic model of @entity308 ) and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) @entity35 . @entity7865 or vehicle control was administered twice daily from post-natal day 19 (PostND19) to PostND34, followed by behavioural testing at either PostND35 (early effects) or long-lasting after withdrawal at PostND60 (early adulthood). Animals were evaluated for @entity308 -like behaviour, locomotor activity, social interaction and object recognition memory. @entity7865 reduced @entity308 -like behaviour in both FSL and FRL @entity35 at PostND35, but enhanced this behaviour at PostND60. @entity7865 also reduced locomotor activity on PostND35 in both FSL and FRL @entity35 , but without effect at PostND60. Furthermore, @entity7865 significantly lowered social interaction behaviour (staying together) in both FRL and FSL @entity35 at PostND35 and PostND60, whereas self-grooming time was significantly reduced only at PostND35. @entity7865 treatment enhanced exploration of the familiar vs. novel object in the novel object recognition test (nORT) in FSL and FRL @entity35 on PostND35 and PostND60, indicative of reduced cognitive performance. Thus, early-life @entity7865 exposure induce @entity73 . Lastly, early-life exposure to @entity7865 may result in acute antidepressant-like effects immediately after chronic exposure, whereas long-term effects after withdrawal are depressogenic. Data also supports a role for genetic predisposition as with FSL @entity35 .

title: The long-term effects of @entity888 exposure during pre-adolescence on @entity308 -like behaviour in a genetic animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity888 ( @entity7865 ) is a psychostimulant and drug of abuse, commonly used early in life, including in childhood and adolescence. Adverse effects include @entity716 , @entity148 and @entity1316 , as well as increased risk of developing a @entity146 later in life. The current study investigated the long-term effects of chronic @entity7865 exposure during pre-adolescence in stress-sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) @entity35 (genetic model of @entity308 ) and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) @entity35 . @entity7865 or vehicle control was administered twice daily from post-natal day 19 (PostND19) to PostND34, followed by behavioural testing at either PostND35 (early effects) or long-lasting after withdrawal at PostND60 (early adulthood). Animals were evaluated for @entity308 -like behaviour, locomotor activity, social interaction and object recognition memory. @entity7865 reduced @entity308 -like behaviour in both FSL and FRL @entity35 at PostND35, but enhanced this behaviour at PostND60. @entity7865 also reduced locomotor activity on PostND35 in both FSL and FRL @entity35 , but without effect at PostND60. Furthermore, @entity7865 significantly lowered social interaction behaviour (staying together) in both FRL and FSL @entity35 at PostND35 and PostND60, whereas self-grooming time was significantly reduced only at PostND35. @entity7865 treatment enhanced exploration of the familiar vs. novel object in the novel object recognition test (nORT) in FSL and FRL @entity35 on PostND35 and PostND60, indicative of reduced cognitive performance. Thus, early-life @entity7865 exposure induce @entity73 . Lastly, early-life exposure to @entity7865 may result in acute antidepressant-like effects immediately after chronic exposure, whereas long-term effects after withdrawal are depressogenic. Data also supports a role for genetic predisposition as with FSL @entity35 .

title: The long-term effects of XXXX exposure during pre-adolescence on @entity308 -like behaviour in a genetic animal model of @entity308 .

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: The effect of prior treatment with @entity21668 was studied in 46 three-year-old mares. In the preceding year, these mares had been assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups and had received the manufacturer's recommended dosage of 1.1 mg of @entity72450 (BU)/kg of body weight, 4.4 mg of @entity72450 (4 BU)/kg, 1.1 mg of @entity11330 (ND)/kg, or 0.04 ml of @entity5420 oil/kg (control, C). Mares had received an injection every 3 weeks for 54 weeks for a total of 19 injections, with the final injection in December. In the following breeding season, fewer (P less than 0.05) mares in all groups previously administered @entity21668 displayed @entity146 than did mares in the control group. Duration of estrus was shortened (P less than 0.05) in mares that had received @entity230 . Abnormal sexual behavior that was observed during @entity134 treatment continued (P less than 0.05) for up to 6 months after treatment ceased. However, observations of @entity146 declined with time (P less than 0.05). All mares in each treatment group ovulated by the end of the trial, and the interval to first ovulation was similar (P greater than 0.05). Ovarian size, follicular development, and conditions of the tubular genitalia was adversely (P less than 0.05) affected in mares in all @entity134 -treatment groups until approximately the middle of March. After that time, no difference was noted among groups. First-cycle pregnancy rates were 83%, 67%, 50%, and 42% for mares in the untreated, BU, 4 BU, and ND groups, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fertility of young mares after long-term anabolic XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behavior', 'estrous behavior']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11330 :: ('MESH:C003297', 'Chemical') :: ['nandrolone decanoate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity21668 :: ('MESH:D016114', 'Disease') :: ['anabolic steroids']

entities_list: @entity72450 :: ('MESH:C001371', 'Chemical') :: ['boldenone undecylenate']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Does 2 mm of ST @entity308 induced by exercise have the same clinical significance in a @entity1 with a 30-mm R wave as a @entity1 with a 10-mm R wave in the same monitored lead? To answer this question the exercise responses of 85 @entity1 were compared by 2 quantitative methods of assessing @entity741 . A computer-derived treadmill exercise score, based largely on the characteristics of exercise-induced @entity308 , was compared with a thallium exercise score. Both scores correlated well over a wide range of values (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001). Then, the treadmill exercise score was corrected (by adjusting the magnitude of the ST @entity308 to a standardized R-wave amplitude of 12 mm in V5 and 8 mm in aVF) to determine if this would improve its correlation with the @entity4214 exercise score. The @entity1 were separated into 2 groups by R-wave amplitude: 53 had an RV5 of 9 to 17 mm and 32 had an RV5 less than 9 or greater than 17 mm. Correction of the treadmill exercise score for R-wave amplitude did not change the slope and intercepts of the regression line for @entity1 with an RV5 amplitude of 9 to 17 mm, but did for those with an RV5 amplitude less than 9 or greater than 17 mm. In this latter group, R-wave correction changed the regression line from one that differed significantly from that of @entity1 with less extreme RV5 voltage to one that was indistinguishable from it. Correction of the treadmill exercise score also increased the correlation coefficient from 0.54 to 0.68 in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of R-wave amplitude on exercise-induced ST XXXX : need for a "gain factor" correction when interpreting stress electrocardiograms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed at rest and during rapid transesophageal atrial pacing in 85 @entity1 undergoing coronary arteriography for evaluation of @entity662 . Transesophageal atrial pacing was performed with 10 ms pulses of 6 to 27 mA intensity; the rate was progressively increased up to 150 beats/min. Four @entity1 were excluded: two because atrial capture was not achieved and two because of chest discomfort induced during transesophageal atrial pacing. Of the remaining 81 @entity1 , 56 had significant @entity453 (greater than or equal to 75% stenosis of at least one major coronary vessel) and 25 had no significant @entity453 ; 25 of the 56 @entity1 with @entity453 had no wall motion abnormalities at rest. The test was considered positive if wall motion abnormalities were detected during pacing. @entity854 occurred in 3 of 25 @entity1 without @entity453 (specificity 88%) and in 51 of 56 @entity1 with @entity453 (sensitivity 91%). @entity854 developed in 20 of the 25 @entity1 with @entity453 and normal regional wall motion at rest (sensitivity 80%); sensitivity for one, two and three @entity66 was 85% (17 of 20 @entity1 ), 94% (15 of 16 @entity1 ) and 95% (19 of 20 @entity1 ), respectively. In @entity1 without @entity453 , wall motion score was 18 at rest and 17.7 +/- 0.9 during pacing (p = NS). In @entity1 with @entity453 , wall motion score decreased from 15.2 +/- 3.6 at rest to 11.6 +/- 4.1 during pacing (p less than 0.001). In @entity1 with @entity453 and normal regional wall motion at rest, wall motion score decreased from 18 at rest to 14.4 +/- 3.1 during pacing (p less than 0.001). Thus, two-dimensional echocardiography during transesophageal atrial pacing appears both sensitive and specific in detecting @entity1 with @entity453 . This new procedure is a feasible and reliable alternative to exercise two-dimensional echocardiography.

title: Detection of XXXX by two-dimensional echocardiography and transesophageal atrial pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The entity of @entity66 associated with the use of oral contraceptives is well known but quite rare in Japan in contrast to Western countries. We recently encountered a 38 years old female with @entity49 considered to be caused by oral contraception. This @entity1 took oral contraceptives for 17 days following therapeutic abortion, and was transferred to our hospital because of disturbed consciousness. CT scans disclosed a right temporo-occipital subcortical @entity385 and bilateral @entity1188 . Cerebral angiograms showed non-filling of cortical veins in the same area. The internal cerebral vein, vein of Galen and right transverse sinus were not visualized either. The @entity1410 and @entity39 tissue were removed to avoid farther @entity16 . The brain was swollen and hyperemic, and thrombosed cortical veins were clearly recognized at operation. Twelve cases, including ours, of @entity66 associated with oral contraception were reported up to now in Japan, and only 3 of them were diagnosed objectively as @entity50 . The average age of these 12 cases was 34 years old and many of them experienced abortion or therapeutic abortion. There was no relationship between the dose of @entity172 and the onset of @entity66 . We believe that the onset of this pathological state is based on @entity49 state, and the oral contraception may play a role of a trigger. Oral contraception should be contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity49 state, @entity101 and/or smoking habit.

title: [ XXXX associated with the use of oral contraceptives].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological hypercoagulable', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic infarction']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous or sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral venous thrombosis']


abstract: This report reveals a surprisingly high incidence of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) autoantibodies ( @entity2445 ) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in a closed flock of untreated Cornell strain (CS) White Leghorn @entity1573 . This flock is closely related to the Obese strain @entity1573 , which develops a severe spontaneous @entity1669 . A sensitive electrophoretic autoradiographic assay for @entity2445 was developed. This assay was applied to the study of autoantibodies to T3 and T4 in the sera of adult female CS @entity1573 . Of 109 females, 29.4% had antibodies to T3 and 18.4% had antibodies to T4. The incidence of thyroglobulin antibodies, determined by passive hemagglutination, was 15.6%. The presence of @entity2445 affected RIA measurements because serum T3 and T4 hormone concentrations appeared elevated in those birds with moderate to high antibody levels. There was major variance in the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the @entity2445 from individual @entity1573 ; i.e., some of the sera contained antibodies to T3 or T4 that appeared to be monoclonal, whereas other sera exhibited polyclonal multi-banded patterns. To determine if antibodies reactive with T3 and T4 (which are haptens) were generated by antibody responses to the T3/T4 sites on the thyroglobulin molecule, competitive binding assays were performed to determine the relative binding affinities of the antibodies for the haptens (T3/T4) and the "hapten-conjugate" (thyroglobulin). In these assays, thyroglobulin competed with the haptens, thus supporting the above hypothesis.

title: Analysis of triiodothyronine and thyroxine-binding autoantibodies in @entity1573 susceptible to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']


abstract: This report reveals a surprisingly high incidence of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) autoantibodies ( @entity2445 ) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in a closed flock of untreated Cornell strain (CS) White Leghorn @entity1573 . This flock is closely related to the Obese strain @entity1573 , which develops a severe spontaneous @entity1669 . A sensitive electrophoretic autoradiographic assay for @entity2445 was developed. This assay was applied to the study of autoantibodies to T3 and T4 in the sera of adult female CS @entity1573 . Of 109 females, 29.4% had antibodies to T3 and 18.4% had antibodies to T4. The incidence of thyroglobulin antibodies, determined by passive hemagglutination, was 15.6%. The presence of @entity2445 affected RIA measurements because serum T3 and T4 hormone concentrations appeared elevated in those birds with moderate to high antibody levels. There was major variance in the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the @entity2445 from individual @entity1573 ; i.e., some of the sera contained antibodies to T3 or T4 that appeared to be monoclonal, whereas other sera exhibited polyclonal multi-banded patterns. To determine if antibodies reactive with T3 and T4 (which are haptens) were generated by antibody responses to the T3/T4 sites on the thyroglobulin molecule, competitive binding assays were performed to determine the relative binding affinities of the antibodies for the haptens (T3/T4) and the "hapten-conjugate" (thyroglobulin). In these assays, thyroglobulin competed with the haptens, thus supporting the above hypothesis.

title: Analysis of triiodothyronine and thyroxine-binding autoantibodies in XXXX susceptible to @entity1669 .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: An intravenous administration set designed for delivery of drug doses to pediatric @entity1 was tested in vitro for the effect of fluid density and flow rate on drug delivery, and delivery of drug by this extension set was compared in vivo with delivery by other methods. @entity801 (as the @entity597 salt) and @entity114 G @entity972 were used to represent low-density and high-density drugs, respectively; a 1-mL solution of each drug, labeled with @entity505 14, was tested with each of two primary infusion solutions: 0.45% @entity2827 injection and 10% @entity413 injection. The drug dose was injected via a port into a piston-containing chamber from which an equivalent amount of the primary fluid was displaced. Serial samples collected from the end of the filter-containing extension set were analyzed for drug concentration using a liquid scintillation technique. In 12 @entity1 receiving i.v. @entity801 , this delivery method was compared in a randomized crossover trial with delivery by a syringe pump and by i.v. push. Each delivery system was used on one of three consecutive days, and serum @entity801 concentrations were measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay. The time required for in vitro delivery of the dose was dependent on flow rate. Density of the drug solution or the primary i.v. fluid did not significantly affect drug delivery. Serum @entity801 concentrations were not significantly different for the three delivery methods, but variability of drug delivery was greatest with the pediatric extension set. This pediatric extension set provides accurate and reliable drug delivery at primary infusion flow rates slower than 10 mL/hr when the drug dosage volume is 2-3 mL or less.

title: Evaluation of an extension set for intermittent intravenous drug delivery to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The increased incidence of @entity259 in @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) @entity1 is well recognised. These @entity259 display distinctive clinicopathological features and generally show good prognostic outcome. Recently, @entity5 that share the morphological features of @entity1412 have also been described. In this report, we document a case of a @entity5 in a previously well, 46-year-old female. Histology revealed a circumscribed @entity5 composed of tubular, papillary, cribriform and solid areas. The @entity5 cells showed occasional nuclear grooves and rare nuclear inclusions. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining with antibodies to cytokeratin AE1/AE3, @entity2931 and @entity1420 receptor proteins. Focal immunoreactivity was also noted with antibodies to thyroglobulin, epithelial membrane antigen, 34betaE12 and cytokeratin @entity5822 . The absence of @entity1127 on colonoscopy and germline mutation in the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene provides evidence that this @entity5 represents the sporadic counterpart of @entity1412 -associated @entity259 . The @entity1 is well with no evidence of disease 7 months following resection of the @entity5 . The differential diagnoses and molecular genetics of this @entity5 are discussed.

title: Cribriform-morular variant of papillary carcinoma: the sporadic counterpart of XXXX . A case report with clinical and molecular genetic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumour', 'pseudostratified columnar tumour', 'unusual tumour', 'unusual sporadic tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC', 'FAP-associated thyroid carcinomas', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis-associated thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report cases of acute bilateral catarrhal infiltrates in the early postoperative period after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Retrospective review of both eyes of two @entity1 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 developed acute bilateral, marginal, catarrhal infiltrates in the early postoperative period after LASIK. Both @entity1 had moderate to severe chronic @entity409 preoperatively. One @entity1 (both eyes) developed grade 3 @entity1036 ( @entity1036 ) that required both flaps to be lifted for irrigation and cleaning on postoperative day 5. Fungal and bacterial cultures were negative in both eyes of both @entity1 . The condition resolved with intensive topical corticosteroids and fortified antibiotics. Regression of @entity2516 and the need for enhancement was encountered in all eyes. There was mild recurrence in one eye of each @entity1 with pretreatment with topical corticosteroids prior to enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous factors such as @entity14985 and @entity409 may trigger inflammation resulting in sporadic cases of catarrhal infiltrates after LASIK. These @entity1 may have chronic inflammatory milieus that can trigger sporadic cases of catarrhal infiltrates after LASIK, with accompanying @entity1036 .

title: Bilateral marginal sterile infiltrates and XXXX after laser in situ keratomileusis.

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lamellar keratitis', 'DLK']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14985 :: ('MESH:D001762', 'Disease') :: ['chronic blepharitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['diffuse lamellar keratitis']


abstract: The influence of external buffering on surface pH (pHs), intracellular pH (pHi) and developed twitch @entity2701 was investigated in @entity95 and cat papillary muscle. pHs and pHi were measured using single and double-barreled microelectrodes respectively. In 20 mM @entity7482 buffered solution, steady state pHi is close to that in control @entity515 /HCO-3 (25 mM @entity3157 , 5% @entity515 ) solution. pHs and developed @entity2701 also do not differ greatly from their control values. Decreasing the @entity7482 concentration to 5 mM, at constant external pH, lowers pHs considerably. The surface @entity520 is associated with a small intracellular acidification; steady state pHi in 5 mM @entity7482 is always more acid than that in control @entity515 /HCO-3. A significant decrease in developed @entity2701 is also seen in 5 mM @entity7482 . Alteration of the superfusion velocity influences pHs only slightly. Stimulation of the muscle at high frequency is shown to increase surface acidification, the extent of which is dependent on the buffer concentration. The conclusion from the present experiments is that in papillary muscle external buffering influences intracellular pH and contraction via its effect on pHs.

title: Intracellular pH and contraction of isolated XXXX and cat papillary muscle: effect of superfusate buffering.

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Nonactivated (8.5S) @entity95 uterine @entity1871 receptor was enriched 10- to 30-fold by chromatography on columns of spheroidal @entity692 and @entity8851 -cellulose. A total of approximately 25 micrograms of receptor (purity approximately 1%) was injected at multiple sites into a BALB/c @entity19 . After several injections, splenic lymphocytes were fused with P3x63Ag8.653 @entity19 @entity1582 cells. This fusion produced in excess of 240 hybridomas, which were screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and @entity969 gradient centrifugation. One colony (KN 382/EC1) produced a @entity19 immunoglobulin G1 which bound @entity95 8.5S uterine @entity1871 receptor. The cell line has been repeatedly cloned under conditions of limiting dilution and expanded in @entity19 as @entity5 . Antibody was purified by @entity4859 precipitation, @entity8851 -cellulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography with protein A - Sepharose CL-4B. Specificity of the antibody was determined by @entity969 gradient centrifugation and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The antibody bound to @entity1871 receptors from @entity95 uterus and MCF-7 @entity0 cells. It did not react with @entity1871 receptors from @entity35 uterus, @entity840 uterus, or @entity1573 oviduct, nor did it bind to @entity172 receptors from any of the tissues we tested.

title: Development of a monoclonal antibody to the @entity95 8.5S uterine XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ascitic tumors']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: Nonactivated (8.5S) @entity95 uterine @entity1871 receptor was enriched 10- to 30-fold by chromatography on columns of spheroidal @entity692 and @entity8851 -cellulose. A total of approximately 25 micrograms of receptor (purity approximately 1%) was injected at multiple sites into a BALB/c @entity19 . After several injections, splenic lymphocytes were fused with P3x63Ag8.653 @entity19 @entity1582 cells. This fusion produced in excess of 240 hybridomas, which were screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and @entity969 gradient centrifugation. One colony (KN 382/EC1) produced a @entity19 immunoglobulin G1 which bound @entity95 8.5S uterine @entity1871 receptor. The cell line has been repeatedly cloned under conditions of limiting dilution and expanded in @entity19 as @entity5 . Antibody was purified by @entity4859 precipitation, @entity8851 -cellulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography with protein A - Sepharose CL-4B. Specificity of the antibody was determined by @entity969 gradient centrifugation and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The antibody bound to @entity1871 receptors from @entity95 uterus and MCF-7 @entity0 cells. It did not react with @entity1871 receptors from @entity35 uterus, @entity840 uterus, or @entity1573 oviduct, nor did it bind to @entity172 receptors from any of the tissues we tested.

title: Development of a monoclonal antibody to the XXXX 8.5S uterine @entity1871 receptor.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The pulmonary vascular responses to acute @entity519 and to infusions of @entity112 and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) were recorded in unanesthetized standing bull @entity291 under neutral (16-18 degrees C) and cold (3-5 degrees C) temperature conditions. Cold exposure alone resulted in a significant increase in pulmonary arterial wedge pressure from 10.2 +/- 3.5 to 15.9 +/- 4.9 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa). Resistance to blood flow between the pulmonary wedge and the left atrium significantly increased from 0.50 +/- 0.51 to 1.21 +/- 0.78 mmHg . L-1 . min-1 (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) with cold exposure. This apparent pulmonary venoconstrictor response to cold exposure was further evaluated to determine if @entity519 , @entity112 , or @entity750 responsiveness was altered by cold exposure. Twelve minutes of @entity519 @entity551 , heart rate, and respiratory rate similarly in cold and neutral temperatures. Cold exposure did not alter the dose-related @entity551 in response to @entity112 . Similarly, the decreases in systemic arterial pressure and heart rate and @entity551 in response to @entity750 were not significantly different in cold and neutral conditions. It was concluded that acute, mild cold exposure results in an increase in resistance to blood flow in the @entity358 without a general increase in pulmonary vascular reactivity, as measured by responses to @entity519 , @entity112 , and @entity750 .

title: Pulmonary vascular responsiveness in cold-exposed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous circulation']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary arterial and systemic arterial pressures', 'reductions of systemic arterial and pulmonary arterial pressures', 'increases in pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: In order to assess the relation between @entity14454 and @entity293 (U.T.T.), a study of two villages in the surroundings of Niamey (Rep. of @entity3456 ) was undertaken. In the first village located near a @entity579 plantation irrigation scheme, the global prevalence of @entity4114 infection was 77%. @entity1 between 5 to 14 years of age were all infected and their mean egg output was 500 eggs/10 ml of urine. In the second village, where water is supplied from wells, @entity2040 was almost absent. @entity293 were diagnosed upon the cytologic count of the urinary sediment and the urine culture. Comparison between @entity4114 infected and non-infected villages showed that the prevalence of U.T.I. was 3.8 times higher among the females of the infected village. This was also noticed for old @entity1 and especially for @entity1 aged 5 to 14 (5.2% U.T.I.) for whom @entity293 is usually uncommon. However the mean blood pressure and the creatininemia showed no difference between the two populations. If @entity2040 increases the risk of chronic @entity2885 , that increase could not be accounted for with the measures of these two variables.

title: [ @entity4114 bilharziosis and @entity293 . Study of their relationship in 2 villages of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'Urinary tract infections', 'urinary infection']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: In order to assess the relation between @entity14454 and @entity293 (U.T.T.), a study of two villages in the surroundings of Niamey (Rep. of @entity3456 ) was undertaken. In the first village located near a @entity579 plantation irrigation scheme, the global prevalence of @entity4114 infection was 77%. @entity1 between 5 to 14 years of age were all infected and their mean egg output was 500 eggs/10 ml of urine. In the second village, where water is supplied from wells, @entity2040 was almost absent. @entity293 were diagnosed upon the cytologic count of the urinary sediment and the urine culture. Comparison between @entity4114 infected and non-infected villages showed that the prevalence of U.T.I. was 3.8 times higher among the females of the infected village. This was also noticed for old @entity1 and especially for @entity1 aged 5 to 14 (5.2% U.T.I.) for whom @entity293 is usually uncommon. However the mean blood pressure and the creatininemia showed no difference between the two populations. If @entity2040 increases the risk of chronic @entity2885 , that increase could not be accounted for with the measures of these two variables.

title: [ XXXX bilharziosis and @entity293 . Study of their relationship in 2 villages of @entity3456 ].

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']


abstract: In order to assess the relation between @entity14454 and @entity293 (U.T.T.), a study of two villages in the surroundings of Niamey (Rep. of @entity3456 ) was undertaken. In the first village located near a @entity579 plantation irrigation scheme, the global prevalence of @entity4114 infection was 77%. @entity1 between 5 to 14 years of age were all infected and their mean egg output was 500 eggs/10 ml of urine. In the second village, where water is supplied from wells, @entity2040 was almost absent. @entity293 were diagnosed upon the cytologic count of the urinary sediment and the urine culture. Comparison between @entity4114 infected and non-infected villages showed that the prevalence of U.T.I. was 3.8 times higher among the females of the infected village. This was also noticed for old @entity1 and especially for @entity1 aged 5 to 14 (5.2% U.T.I.) for whom @entity293 is usually uncommon. However the mean blood pressure and the creatininemia showed no difference between the two populations. If @entity2040 increases the risk of chronic @entity2885 , that increase could not be accounted for with the measures of these two variables.

title: [ @entity4114 bilharziosis and XXXX . Study of their relationship in 2 villages of @entity3456 ].

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary infections']


abstract: We made continuous electrocardiographic recordings on magnetic tape during 15 episodes of @entity63 in five @entity1 with @entity5968 to determine the characteristics of the QRS changes. Orthogonal leads were used and the electrocardiograms were analyzed visually and by digital computer. Changes were quantified by subtracting baseline electrocardiograms from those obtained during @entity63 . Large changes in the QRS occurred during @entity63 but the waveform quickly returned to baseline when the episode subsided. In all @entity1 there was prolongation of the QRS duration and an increase in QRS voltage during the terminal 40 msec of the waveform in the lead(s) showing the most marked ST displacement. The increase in the terminal QRS could be represented by a vector directed toward the @entity63 zone. In a given @entity1 the amplitude of ST displacement varied between episodes, presumably because of variation in the intensity of @entity63 , but the QRS changes were directionally similar in each episode. In two @entity1 there was also a smaller change involving the initial 40 msec of the QRS that could be represented by a vector directed away from the @entity63 zone. To determine the possible mechanism for the electrocardiographic changes, @entity63 episodes of 120 to 150 sec were produced in seven @entity235 and electrocardiographic recording and analysis techniques similar to those used in @entity1 were employed. Myocardial conduction velocity was measured in three directions in the @entity63 zone and was correlated with simultaneous electrocardiographic recordings from the body surface. The electrocardiographic changes in the @entity235 preparation were virtually identical to those in the @entity1 and strongly correlated with a fall in myocardial conduction velocity. We conclude that the QRS changes during @entity5968 result from the altered excitation pattern produced by conduction delay in the @entity63 zone. The probable cause for the increase in terminal QRS voltage is delayed (and uncancelled) activation of the @entity63 zone.

title: The QRS complex during transient myocardial ischemia: studies in @entity1 with XXXX and in a @entity235 preparation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity5968 :: (MESH:D000788,Disease) :: ['variant angina pectoris']


abstract: We made continuous electrocardiographic recordings on magnetic tape during 15 episodes of @entity63 in five @entity1 with @entity5968 to determine the characteristics of the QRS changes. Orthogonal leads were used and the electrocardiograms were analyzed visually and by digital computer. Changes were quantified by subtracting baseline electrocardiograms from those obtained during @entity63 . Large changes in the QRS occurred during @entity63 but the waveform quickly returned to baseline when the episode subsided. In all @entity1 there was prolongation of the QRS duration and an increase in QRS voltage during the terminal 40 msec of the waveform in the lead(s) showing the most marked ST displacement. The increase in the terminal QRS could be represented by a vector directed toward the @entity63 zone. In a given @entity1 the amplitude of ST displacement varied between episodes, presumably because of variation in the intensity of @entity63 , but the QRS changes were directionally similar in each episode. In two @entity1 there was also a smaller change involving the initial 40 msec of the QRS that could be represented by a vector directed away from the @entity63 zone. To determine the possible mechanism for the electrocardiographic changes, @entity63 episodes of 120 to 150 sec were produced in seven @entity235 and electrocardiographic recording and analysis techniques similar to those used in @entity1 were employed. Myocardial conduction velocity was measured in three directions in the @entity63 zone and was correlated with simultaneous electrocardiographic recordings from the body surface. The electrocardiographic changes in the @entity235 preparation were virtually identical to those in the @entity1 and strongly correlated with a fall in myocardial conduction velocity. We conclude that the QRS changes during @entity5968 result from the altered excitation pattern produced by conduction delay in the @entity63 zone. The probable cause for the increase in terminal QRS voltage is delayed (and uncancelled) activation of the @entity63 zone.

title: The QRS complex during transient myocardial ischemia: studies in XXXX with @entity5968 and in a @entity235 preparation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We made continuous electrocardiographic recordings on magnetic tape during 15 episodes of @entity63 in five @entity1 with @entity5968 to determine the characteristics of the QRS changes. Orthogonal leads were used and the electrocardiograms were analyzed visually and by digital computer. Changes were quantified by subtracting baseline electrocardiograms from those obtained during @entity63 . Large changes in the QRS occurred during @entity63 but the waveform quickly returned to baseline when the episode subsided. In all @entity1 there was prolongation of the QRS duration and an increase in QRS voltage during the terminal 40 msec of the waveform in the lead(s) showing the most marked ST displacement. The increase in the terminal QRS could be represented by a vector directed toward the @entity63 zone. In a given @entity1 the amplitude of ST displacement varied between episodes, presumably because of variation in the intensity of @entity63 , but the QRS changes were directionally similar in each episode. In two @entity1 there was also a smaller change involving the initial 40 msec of the QRS that could be represented by a vector directed away from the @entity63 zone. To determine the possible mechanism for the electrocardiographic changes, @entity63 episodes of 120 to 150 sec were produced in seven @entity235 and electrocardiographic recording and analysis techniques similar to those used in @entity1 were employed. Myocardial conduction velocity was measured in three directions in the @entity63 zone and was correlated with simultaneous electrocardiographic recordings from the body surface. The electrocardiographic changes in the @entity235 preparation were virtually identical to those in the @entity1 and strongly correlated with a fall in myocardial conduction velocity. We conclude that the QRS changes during @entity5968 result from the altered excitation pattern produced by conduction delay in the @entity63 zone. The probable cause for the increase in terminal QRS voltage is delayed (and uncancelled) activation of the @entity63 zone.

title: The QRS complex during transient myocardial ischemia: studies in @entity1 with @entity5968 and in a XXXX preparation.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Manometric and electromyographic recordings of stomach motility were made in five conscious @entity7857 to investigate the influence of distension of the stomach compartments, of temporary cervical vagal blockade and the influence of @entity3897 , @entity934 and @entity1425 . The frequency of @entity2472 was slowed by distension of the canal joining compartment 2 (C2) and compartment 3 (C3), or of the proximal region of C3, and either increased and/or reduced by distension of the distal region of C3 or the hind stomach. The number of B-contractions in a cycle was increased according to the degree of distension of the cranial sac of compartment 1 (C1). B-contractions were also induced by distension of the canal or proximal region of C3 and were inhibited by distension of the distal region of C3 or the hind stomach. Contractions of C3 were not influenced by distension of C1 or C2 but were inhibited by distension of the canal, while distension within C3 caused a local excitation and an inhibition both proximal and distal to the point of stimulation. The hind stomach was only affected by local stimuli. Temporary vagal blockade abolished all contractions of C1, C2, and the canal and C3, but had little effect on the motility of the hind stomach. Infusion of @entity3897 (0.01 mg/kg), @entity934 (7-33 micrograms/kg . min) and @entity1425 (0.3 micrograms/kg . min) inhibited motility in all stomach compartments except the hind stomach where @entity934 was stimulatory. It is concluded that while the hind stomach may have intrinsic motility, the contractions of C1, C2, the canal and C3 of the @entity7857 stomach are dependent upon a vagal motor nerve supply and that the pattern of contractions observed is regulated at least partially according to the individual degree of distension of each of the stomach compartments.

title: Control of stomach motility in the XXXX (Lama guanacoe f. glama).

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['A-contractions']

answer: @entity7857 :: (9844,Species) :: ['llama']


abstract: The vascular effects of @entity16825 , @entity6335 , and @entity3044 were studied in arterial buttock flaps and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps in @entity1707 . Capillary blood flow to the skin and muscle of these flaps was measured by the radioactive microsphere (15-mu diameter) technique 6 hours postoperatively under pentobarbital anesthesia. It was observed that @entity3044 , a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, was not effective in augmentation of skin blood flow in the arterial buttock flaps. However, @entity3044 significantly increased capillary blood flow to the arterialized portion of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps compared with controls. @entity16825 and @entity6335 (vascular smooth muscle relaxants) significantly (p less than 0.05) increased total capillary blood flow to the skin of arterial buttock flaps and to the skin and muscle of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. However, the increase in capillary blood flow occurred mainly in the arterialized portion of these flaps. The capillary blood flow, which was supplied by the small arteries in the distal portion of the arterial buttock and latissimus dorsi flaps, was not increased by treatment with @entity16825 or @entity6335 . Therefore, there was also no increase in the maximum distance of capillary blood flow from the pedicle to the distal end of the flaps. These observations led us to hypothesize that different sizes (diameters) of arteries in the skin and muscle have different reactivity (or sensitivity) to vasodilatory drugs. In the present experiment, the large dominant artery of the arterial buttock and latissimus dorsi flaps responded to @entity16825 or @entity6335 (vascular smooth-muscle relaxants), resulting in an increase in blood supply to the capillaries in the proximal portion of the flaps. On the other hand, the small arteries in the distal portion (random portion) of these flaps were not sensitive to @entity16825 or @entity6335 . Therefore vasodilation did not occur, and there was no increase in blood supply to the capillaries in the distal portion of arterial buttock and latissimus dorsi flaps. This explanation also lent support to our previous report that treatment with @entity16825 did not augment skin viability in the distal portion of arterial buttock and latissimus dorsi flaps. It is suggested that research in pharmacologic manipulation of skin blood flow and viability in skin flap surgery should emphasize the sensitivity of small arteries to various drug actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Pharmacologic manipulation of the microcirculation in cutaneous and myocutaneous flaps in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity16825 :: ('MESH:D007556', 'Chemical') :: ['isoxsuprine', 'Isoxsuprine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The safety and tolerance of four intravenous formulations of @entity9102 ( @entity4967 + @entity798 ) have been evaluated in 1659 @entity1 (1512 adults and 147 paediatric) included in clinical trials conducted in Europe and U.S.A. @entity9102 3.2 and 5.2 g were administered respectively to 877 and 635 adults and @entity9102 1.6 and 2.6 g to 117 and 30 paediatric @entity1 three, four or six times daily for between 7.7 and 9.0 days in adults and 8.0 and 12.0 days in paediatric cases. @entity1 with @entity295 were 16%, 14% and 28% respectively of the @entity9102 3.2, 5.2 g and paediatric groups, which together with respiratory tract and other serious miscellaneous infections accounted for the majority of cases treated within these three groups. Of the 1659 @entity1 studied, 161 adverse reactions were reported from 151 @entity1 (9.1%), 36 of which (2.2%) resulted in discontinuation of treatment. The reactions were at the injection site in 86 cases (5.2%), @entity56 in 35 (2.1%) and miscellaneous systemic symptoms in 40 cases (2.4%). Local reactions, i.e. @entity3527 , @entity158 and erythema, were self-limiting and did not necessitate early cessation of treatment. @entity56 occurred equally in all groups and necessitated cessation of treatment in about half of the @entity1 . Gastro-intestinal disturbances were observed in eight, four and one @entity1 within the @entity9102 3.2, 5.2 g and paediatric groups. Changes in haemostatic status were reported in nine @entity1 treated with @entity9102 . In all cases they were associated with contributory pathology and/or concurrent use of anticoagulants. Laboratory monitoring revealed transient variations in haemoglobin, blood cellular or plasma composition and plasma enzymatic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An evaluation of the safety and tolerance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9102 :: ('MESH:C043215', 'Chemical') :: ['Timentin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity9102 :: (MESH:C043215,Chemical) :: ['Timentin']


abstract: @entity855 turnover and glycolytic rates during isometric contraction in @entity1 have been investigated. Subjects contracted the knee extensor muscles at two-thirds maximal voluntary force to @entity1295 (mean +/- SE, 53 +/- 4 s). Biopsies were obtained before and after exercise and analyzed for high-energy @entity6546 and glycogenolytic-glycolytic intermediates. Total @entity855 turnover was 190 +/- 7 mmol/kg dry muscle, whereas the average turnover rate was 3.7 +/- 0.2 mmol . kg dry muscle-1 . S-1. The average @entity855 turnover rate was positively correlated with the percentage of fast-twitch fibers in the postexercise biopsy (r = 0.71; P less than 0.05) and negatively correlated with contraction duration to @entity1295 (r = -0.88; P less than 0.05). At @entity1295 , @entity1734 ranged from 1 to 11 mmol/kg dry muscle (86-99% depletion of value at rest), whereas lactate ranged from 59 to 101. The mean glycolytic rate was 0.83 +/- 0.05 mmol . kg dry muscle-1 . S-1 and was positively correlated with the rate of @entity3776 accumulation (r = 0.83; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that a major determinant of the @entity855 turnover rate is the muscle fiber composition, which is probably explained by a higher turnover rate in fast-twitch fibers; @entity1295 is more closely related to a low @entity1734 content than to a high @entity880 content; and the increase in prephosphofructokinase intermediates is important for stimulating glycolysis during contraction.

title: Muscle XXXX turnover rate during isometric contraction in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: @entity855 turnover and glycolytic rates during isometric contraction in @entity1 have been investigated. Subjects contracted the knee extensor muscles at two-thirds maximal voluntary force to @entity1295 (mean +/- SE, 53 +/- 4 s). Biopsies were obtained before and after exercise and analyzed for high-energy @entity6546 and glycogenolytic-glycolytic intermediates. Total @entity855 turnover was 190 +/- 7 mmol/kg dry muscle, whereas the average turnover rate was 3.7 +/- 0.2 mmol . kg dry muscle-1 . S-1. The average @entity855 turnover rate was positively correlated with the percentage of fast-twitch fibers in the postexercise biopsy (r = 0.71; P less than 0.05) and negatively correlated with contraction duration to @entity1295 (r = -0.88; P less than 0.05). At @entity1295 , @entity1734 ranged from 1 to 11 mmol/kg dry muscle (86-99% depletion of value at rest), whereas lactate ranged from 59 to 101. The mean glycolytic rate was 0.83 +/- 0.05 mmol . kg dry muscle-1 . S-1 and was positively correlated with the rate of @entity3776 accumulation (r = 0.83; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that a major determinant of the @entity855 turnover rate is the muscle fiber composition, which is probably explained by a higher turnover rate in fast-twitch fibers; @entity1295 is more closely related to a low @entity1734 content than to a high @entity880 content; and the increase in prephosphofructokinase intermediates is important for stimulating glycolysis during contraction.

title: Muscle @entity855 turnover rate during isometric contraction in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity25 is common among @entity1 in recovery from alcoholism and can precipitate relapse. Though @entity25 are commonly managed with medication, little is known about their management among recovering @entity988 @entity1 . We performed a postal survey of a self-weighted, random systematic sample of 503 members of the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) to examine addiction medicine physicians' medical management of @entity25 among @entity1 in early recovery from alcoholism. After 3 mailings, 311 (62%) responded. Of responents, 64% have offered pharmacological treatment to an insomniac, @entity988 @entity1 in the first 3 months after detoxification, but only 22% offered medication to more than half of such @entity1 . @entity3346 was the preferred therapy, chosen first by 38% of respondents, followed by other sedating antidepressants (12%), and antihistamines (12%). The mean duration of therapy for @entity3346 and other sedating antidepressants exceeded one month. Experts in addiction medicine appear reluctant to prescribe medication to sleep-disturbed @entity1 in early recovery from alcoholism. When they do prescribe, @entity3346 , other sedating antidepressants and antihistamines are favored, despite limited evidence for or against this indication. Although the treatment of @entity25 among @entity988 @entity1 in early recovery may have merit to prevent relapse, controlled studies of these sleep agents are needed.

title: Treatment of XXXX in alcohol recovery: a national survey of addiction medicine physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep complaints', 'disordered sleep', 'Sleep disturbance', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['Trazodone', 'trazodone']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: We have examined the collagenous proteins extracted from skin and produced by skin fibroblast cultures from the members of a family with mild @entity6926 ( @entity69642 ). The two affected @entity1 , mother and son, produce two populations of alpha 1(I) chains of type I collagen, one chain being normal, the other containing a @entity462 within the triple-helical domain. Both forms can be incorporated into triple-helical molecules with an alpha 2(I) chain. When two mutant alpha (I) chains are incorporated into the same molecule, a @entity1520 bonded dimer is produced. We have characterized these chains by @entity3208 -gel electrophoresis and CNBr-peptide mapping and by measuring a number of biosynthetic and physical variables. The @entity462 was localized to the @entity1473 -terminal peptide alpha (I) CB6. Molecules containing the mutant chains are stable, have a normal denaturation temperature, are secreted normally, and have normal levels of post-translational modification of @entity12553 residues and intracellular degradation. We have compared and contrasted these observations with those made in a @entity1 with lethal @entity6926 in which there was a @entity462 substitution in @entity6927 (Steinmann, B., Rao, V. H., Vogel, A., Bruckner, P., Gitzelmann, R., and Byers, P. H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem 259, 11129-11138) and have concluded that the mutation in the present family occurs in the X or Y position of a @entity4022 -X-Y repeating unit of collagen and not in the @entity2228 position shown for the previous @entity1 (Cohn, D. H., Byers, P. H., Steinmann, B, and Gelinas, R. E. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., in press.

title: Clinical variability of XXXX reflecting molecular heterogeneity: @entity462 substitutions in the alpha 1(I) collagen chain producing lethal and mild forms.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'dominant osteogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: We have examined the collagenous proteins extracted from skin and produced by skin fibroblast cultures from the members of a family with mild @entity6926 ( @entity69642 ). The two affected @entity1 , mother and son, produce two populations of alpha 1(I) chains of type I collagen, one chain being normal, the other containing a @entity462 within the triple-helical domain. Both forms can be incorporated into triple-helical molecules with an alpha 2(I) chain. When two mutant alpha (I) chains are incorporated into the same molecule, a @entity1520 bonded dimer is produced. We have characterized these chains by @entity3208 -gel electrophoresis and CNBr-peptide mapping and by measuring a number of biosynthetic and physical variables. The @entity462 was localized to the @entity1473 -terminal peptide alpha (I) CB6. Molecules containing the mutant chains are stable, have a normal denaturation temperature, are secreted normally, and have normal levels of post-translational modification of @entity12553 residues and intracellular degradation. We have compared and contrasted these observations with those made in a @entity1 with lethal @entity6926 in which there was a @entity462 substitution in @entity6927 (Steinmann, B., Rao, V. H., Vogel, A., Bruckner, P., Gitzelmann, R., and Byers, P. H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem 259, 11129-11138) and have concluded that the mutation in the present family occurs in the X or Y position of a @entity4022 -X-Y repeating unit of collagen and not in the @entity2228 position shown for the previous @entity1 (Cohn, D. H., Byers, P. H., Steinmann, B, and Gelinas, R. E. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., in press.

title: Clinical variability of @entity6926 reflecting molecular heterogeneity: XXXX substitutions in the alpha 1(I) collagen chain producing lethal and mild forms.

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of combination therapy consisting of the third-generation plasminogen activator reteplase and the glycoproteins IIb and IIIa platelet receptor antagonist abciximab for thrombolysis in peripheral @entity432 . This two-center experience focused on immediate thrombolytic success, thrombolysis time, complication rate, and 30-day patency rate. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity432 (age range, 40-96 years; mean age, 69 years) were prospectively enrolled at two centers. Eighteen @entity1 (36%) had native artery @entity715 , and 32 @entity1 (64%) had graft @entity715 . Catheter-directed intraarterial thrombolytic infusion of reteplase (average dose, 0.51 U/hr; range, 0.25-1 U/hr) was combined with IV infusion of abciximab (bolus, 0.25 mg/kg of body weight; 12-hr infusion, 0.125 microg/kg of body weight per minute). Nontherapeutic heparin (100-400 U/hr) was given intraarterially during the thrombolytic infusion. RESULTS: Complete thrombolysis was achieved in 89% of the @entity1 with native @entity432 and 94% of the @entity1 with graft occlusions for an overall rate of 92%. The average thrombolysis time was 20.7 hr (range, 4-41 hr) with a mean reteplase dose of 12.1 U (range, 2-23 U). Major @entity1410 occurred in 12% of the @entity1 , with an average blood transfusion of 3.1 U of packed RBC (range, 1-11 U), and correlated to increased thrombolysis time and dose. No @entity932 occurred. The 30-day primary patency rate was 92%. Two @entity1 (4%) underwent amputation, including one major amputation (2%), within 30 days of thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: The combination of reteplase and abciximab in catheter-directed arterial thrombolysis is feasible and effective. Results of this combination therapy suggest acceptable thrombolysis times and doses with tolerable complication rates. Which @entity1 group might benefit the most from combination therapy and the long-term results of combination therapy still need to be determined.

title: Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy in peripheral XXXX : combining reteplase and abciximab.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions', 'artery occlusive disease', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating @entity1 with @entity158 of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae that contain intraosseous vacuum phenomena. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen cases of painful @entity3814 with intraosseous phenomena occurring in 18 @entity1 (six @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; age range, 59-88 years; mean age, 75.5 years) were identified from 393 percutaneous vertebroplasties performed in 199 @entity1 during 32 and a half months. All @entity1 had @entity170 , with severe vertebral compression to less than one third of the vertebral body height in 13 of 19 cases. Affected levels were T6 (n = 1), T8 (n = 2), T9 (n = 1), T11 (n = 1), T12 (n = 4), L1 (n = 5), L2 (n = 2), L3 (n = 1), L4 (n = 1), and L5 (n = 1). All cases had the typical intravertebral body vacuum cleft appearance on radiographs. Imaging and clinical features were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean volume of @entity4625 injected was 7.43 mL (range, 4.0-15.0 mL). Typically, the @entity4625 filled the intravertebral vacuum cleft. Complications during radiography consisted of minimal @entity4625 leakage into the adjacent disk (15/19 cases) and the paravertebral soft tissues (8/19 cases). No complications required surgical intervention. At clinical follow-up, @entity158 relief was complete in eight @entity1 (44.4%), partial in six @entity1 (33.3%), and unchanged in four @entity1 (22.2%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is effective in the treatment of @entity1 with painful @entity3814 with intraosseous vacuum phenomena.

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: treatment of painful XXXX with intraosseous vacuum phenomena.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful compression fractures']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['vertebral compression fractures']