abstract: Traumatic common carotid artery-to-internal jugular vein @entity292 is a rare entity that is not usually detected during the acute injury phase. We present 2 cases of traumatic @entity292 . Both involved the right side of the neck, and both were due to injury from a firearm. The @entity1 exhibited signs of high cardiac output. In @entity1 1, the diagnosis was made by clinical examination and radiography. After diagnosis, the @entity1 's parents requested his discharge from the hospital because of an inability to pay for treatment. The @entity1 did not return. @entity1 2 had a @entity2685 in addition to a @entity292 . Diagnosis of the @entity292 was confirmed by color-flow echo Doppler scanning. Treatment consisted of division of the @entity292 and direct suture repair. The surgery required cross-clamping of the common carotid artery for 25 minutes; nonetheless, the @entity1 recovered without @entity2806 . @entity292 should always be treated early to avoid the complications associated with the injury.

title: Traumatic common XXXX : report of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['carotid-jugular fistula', 'fistula', 'Carotid-jugular fistula']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['carotid-jugular fistula']


abstract: Although the clinical manifestations of @entity164 2 @entity2316 and @entity8 are similar to those in @entity164 1, the clinical course and the renal structural changes are more heterogeneous in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Previous studies have shown that an increased urine IgM excretion in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity2316 was associated with poor outcome. In the present follow-up study we examine the prognostic value of baseline urine IgM excretion in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: A cohort of 106 (74 male and 32 female) @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 regularly attending our @entity6 out- @entity1 clinic at Skane University Hospital in Lund. They were recruited prospectively under the period between 1992 and 2004. @entity1 were followed-up until January 2009. The end point was @entity65 or @entity454 ( @entity454 ). The median follow-up time was 5 years (0.5-13 years). @entity1 were divided according to degree of @entity633 and IgM-uria. RESULTS: During follow-up time, 28 (19 male and 9 female) @entity1 died of CV events and 41 (26 male and 15 female) developed @entity454 . The risk of CV mortality was 2.4 fold, and the risk of @entity177 4.9 fold higher in @entity1 with increased urine IgM excretion compared to @entity1 with low urine IgM excretion. Stratified analysis showed that an increased urine IgM excretion was an independent predictor of @entity65 irrespective of the degree of @entity633 (HR=3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.0, P<0.001). In conclusion, @entity164 2 @entity2316 @entity1 with high urine IgM excretion rates carry an increased risk of @entity65 .

title: Urine IgM-excretion as a prognostic marker for progression of XXXX 2 @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['decline in kidney function']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) death', 'renal and cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Although the clinical manifestations of @entity164 2 @entity2316 and @entity8 are similar to those in @entity164 1, the clinical course and the renal structural changes are more heterogeneous in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Previous studies have shown that an increased urine IgM excretion in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity2316 was associated with poor outcome. In the present follow-up study we examine the prognostic value of baseline urine IgM excretion in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: A cohort of 106 (74 male and 32 female) @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 regularly attending our @entity6 out- @entity1 clinic at Skane University Hospital in Lund. They were recruited prospectively under the period between 1992 and 2004. @entity1 were followed-up until January 2009. The end point was @entity65 or @entity454 ( @entity454 ). The median follow-up time was 5 years (0.5-13 years). @entity1 were divided according to degree of @entity633 and IgM-uria. RESULTS: During follow-up time, 28 (19 male and 9 female) @entity1 died of CV events and 41 (26 male and 15 female) developed @entity454 . The risk of CV mortality was 2.4 fold, and the risk of @entity177 4.9 fold higher in @entity1 with increased urine IgM excretion compared to @entity1 with low urine IgM excretion. Stratified analysis showed that an increased urine IgM excretion was an independent predictor of @entity65 irrespective of the degree of @entity633 (HR=3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.0, P<0.001). In conclusion, @entity164 2 @entity2316 @entity1 with high urine IgM excretion rates carry an increased risk of @entity65 .

title: Urine IgM-excretion as a prognostic marker for progression of @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analysis the clinical and pathological features, results of laboratory tests and prognosis of @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) in @entity1 with non-haematological @entity5 . METHODS: The data were collected from 25 @entity1 who presented with @entity1985 around the diagnosis of non-haematological @entity5 . RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were investigated (age: (56.6 +/- 17.7) years; male/female ratio: 20/5). @entity1985 occurred within one year in 92% @entity1 . There was a wide distribution of @entity5 with involvement of 36% in digestive system and 20% in respiratory system. Ten @entity1 (40%) presented with @entity1985 as their initial manifestation. Haematuria appeared in 67% @entity1 and @entity810 was complicated in 12% cases before treatments. Some other non-specific laboratory tests were found including elevated serum gamma-globulin in 50% and @entity417 not related with @entity177 in 28% cases. @entity8 was the most common pathological changes in 67% cases. Although @entity1985 still continued for several weeks in 8 of 9 cases after surgery and/or chemical therapy, glucocorticoids was helpful to achieve the remission in these @entity1 . However, no remission was achieved in @entity1 without the treatment for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Malignancy may present with @entity1985 as its initial manifestation. It should be inspected routinely and regularly in elder @entity1 with @entity1985 , especially in those with @entity8 , as well as @entity11728 and @entity417 .

title: [A clinicopathological analysis of non-haematological XXXX in @entity1985 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['gamma-globulinemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'Malignancy and NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analysis the clinical and pathological features, results of laboratory tests and prognosis of @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) in @entity1 with non-haematological @entity5 . METHODS: The data were collected from 25 @entity1 who presented with @entity1985 around the diagnosis of non-haematological @entity5 . RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were investigated (age: (56.6 +/- 17.7) years; male/female ratio: 20/5). @entity1985 occurred within one year in 92% @entity1 . There was a wide distribution of @entity5 with involvement of 36% in digestive system and 20% in respiratory system. Ten @entity1 (40%) presented with @entity1985 as their initial manifestation. Haematuria appeared in 67% @entity1 and @entity810 was complicated in 12% cases before treatments. Some other non-specific laboratory tests were found including elevated serum gamma-globulin in 50% and @entity417 not related with @entity177 in 28% cases. @entity8 was the most common pathological changes in 67% cases. Although @entity1985 still continued for several weeks in 8 of 9 cases after surgery and/or chemical therapy, glucocorticoids was helpful to achieve the remission in these @entity1 . However, no remission was achieved in @entity1 without the treatment for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Malignancy may present with @entity1985 as its initial manifestation. It should be inspected routinely and regularly in elder @entity1 with @entity1985 , especially in those with @entity8 , as well as @entity11728 and @entity417 .

title: [A clinicopathological analysis of non-haematological @entity5 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: Male C57Bl/6 (C57) and ICR @entity19 were exposed by nose-only inhalation to mainstream cigarette smoke (MS) from 2R4F reference cigarettes, at concentrations of 75, 250, and 600 microg of total particulate matter (TPM) per liter, for up to 6 mo. Respiratory-tract tissue (nose, larynx, and lung), blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected and analyzed at several time points. Blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure (COHb and @entity1239 ). BALF was analyzed for biomarkers of cell injury, @entity32 , oxidative stress, enzyme activity, and cytokines. Blood COHb and plasma @entity1239 concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner, confirming smoke exposure. Mild @entity2415 was observed following 28 wk of exposure. Macrophage accumulation and inflammatory infiltrates were observed around the alveolar ducts and adjacent vasculature. There was an approximately 13% increase in mean linear intercept (Lm) only in ICR @entity19 exposed to 600 microg/L TPM. There were no significant changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress secondary to smoke exposures; however, @entity7707 significantly increased following the 13-wk post-inhalation period. BALF macrophage and neutrophil counts were rapidly and consistently elevated, while lymphocyte counts gradually increased over time. MS-induced inflammatory responses observed in this study are comparable to changes reported in chronic smokers, supporting the role of chronic @entity32 in the pathogenesis of @entity2415 . However, mild @entity2415 in minimal numbers of @entity19 suggests that MS exposure concentration and/or duration in the current study were not sufficient to induce a definitive @entity2415 phenotype.

title: Pulmonary inflammation in XXXX exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-isoprostane']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 who remain in a @entity772 after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ), the bilateral absence of cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) 24 hours after admission invariably correlates with a poor neurologic outcome. Nowadays, @entity1167 @entity1 are treated with mild @entity2332 , with simultaneously administered sedative drugs, hampering clinical neurologic assessment. We investigated whether SSEP performed during @entity2332 can reliably predict a poor neurologic outcome. METHODS: Between July 2006 and April 2008, this multicenter prospective cohort study included @entity772 @entity1 admitted after @entity1167 and treated with induced mild @entity2332 (32-34 degrees C). SSEP was performed during @entity2332 , and in @entity1 who remained @entity772 after rewarming, a second SSEP was performed. Neurologic outcome was assessed 30 days after admission with the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Seventy-seven consecutive @entity1 were included in 2 hospitals. In 13 @entity1 (17%), the cortical N20 response during @entity2332 was bilaterally absent. In 9 of these 13 @entity1 in whom SSEP could be repeated during normothermia, the N20 response was also absent, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-1.00). All 13 @entity1 with absent SSEP during @entity2332 had a poor neurologic outcome, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% CI 0.77-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study show that bilaterally absent cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials performed during mild @entity2332 after resuscitation can predict a poor neurologic outcome. We started a larger multicenter prospective cohort study to confirm these results.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials during mild XXXX after @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'comatose', 'adult comatose']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['CPR', 'cardiopulmonary resuscitation']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 who remain in a @entity772 after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ), the bilateral absence of cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) 24 hours after admission invariably correlates with a poor neurologic outcome. Nowadays, @entity1167 @entity1 are treated with mild @entity2332 , with simultaneously administered sedative drugs, hampering clinical neurologic assessment. We investigated whether SSEP performed during @entity2332 can reliably predict a poor neurologic outcome. METHODS: Between July 2006 and April 2008, this multicenter prospective cohort study included @entity772 @entity1 admitted after @entity1167 and treated with induced mild @entity2332 (32-34 degrees C). SSEP was performed during @entity2332 , and in @entity1 who remained @entity772 after rewarming, a second SSEP was performed. Neurologic outcome was assessed 30 days after admission with the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Seventy-seven consecutive @entity1 were included in 2 hospitals. In 13 @entity1 (17%), the cortical N20 response during @entity2332 was bilaterally absent. In 9 of these 13 @entity1 in whom SSEP could be repeated during normothermia, the N20 response was also absent, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-1.00). All 13 @entity1 with absent SSEP during @entity2332 had a poor neurologic outcome, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% CI 0.77-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study show that bilaterally absent cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials performed during mild @entity2332 after resuscitation can predict a poor neurologic outcome. We started a larger multicenter prospective cohort study to confirm these results.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials during mild @entity2332 after XXXX .

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiopulmonary resuscitation']


abstract: CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity5952 and @entity1550 was found to be significantly higher in @entity3540 compared with post-auricular skin. The results show that the control group used has implications for further studies. OBJECTIVES: To compare the presence of @entity5952 and @entity1550 in @entity3540 , deep meatal and post-auricular skin. Our null hypothesis was that there was no difference in expressions of @entity5952 and @entity1550 in the three groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in a secondary care specialist centre and used prospective retrieval of specimens for immunohistological localization of @entity5952 and @entity1550 . Eleven @entity1 undergoing @entity3540 surgery were recruited for the study. Eleven @entity3540 specimens, 10 deep meatal skin specimens and 10 post-auricular skin specimens were analysed. Specimens were analysed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to @entity5952 and @entity1550 . Two observers scored the slides independently in a blind fashion. RESULTS: The presence of @entity5952 and @entity1550 was found to be significantly higher in @entity3540 compared to post-auricular skin (p=0.02, p=0.03, respectively). There were no significant differences in expression of @entity5952 and @entity1550 between @entity3540 and deep meatal skin (p=0.08, p=0.09, respectively). There were no significant differences in the control groups.

title: The localization of matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -13 in XXXX , deep-meatal and post-auricular skin: a comparative analysis.

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity5952 :: ('4317', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8', 'MMP-8']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Urodynamic studies are conducted on a regular basis to evaluate changes in bladder function after @entity1566 . Often, differences in urodynamic parameters exist from one study or one year to the next. The objective of this study was to provide reference ranges for "normal" variability in urodynamic parameters that can be considered as "no real change" from one study to the next. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Fifty consecutive individuals with @entity1566 had 2 trials (trial 1 and trial 2) of urodynamic studies done 5 minutes apart, and the following data were collected: maximum cystometric capacity, opening pressure, maximum detrusor pressure, volume voided, and postvoid residual. The corresponding data were compared, and the frequency distribution for the change between consecutive studies was plotted. Because there is no standard, variability ranges for 5th to 95th, 10th to 90th, and 25th to 75th percentiles were calculated to give health care providers more choices. RESULTS: Ranges of variability are as follows in the following format (urodynamic parameter; mean value; +, maximum increase; -, maximum decrease)--5th to 95th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +213.50 mL, -158.05 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity2507 , +30 cm @entity2507 , -18.00 cm @entity2507 ); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity2507 , +17.35 cm @entity2507 , -27.80 cm @entity2507 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +177.25 mL, -176.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +197.25 mL, -118.00 mL); 10th to 90th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +126.40 mL, -74.60 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity2507 , +13.70 cm @entity2507 , -12.00 cm @entity2507 ); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity2507 , +10.00 cm @entity2507 , -20.00 cm @entity2507 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +105.60 mL, -82.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +131.00 mL, -86.00 mL); 25th to 75th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +72.00 mL, -27.00 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity2507 , +4.00 cm @entity2507 , -9.50 cm @entity2507 ; maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity2507 , +4.00 cm @entity2507 , -10.00 cm @entity2507 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL). CONCLUSIONS: Urodynamic studies have variability. Knowing these ranges of variability can be helpful in determining whether differences between filling trial 1 and filling trial 2 in a single study or year-to-year changes in urodynamic studies are significant or simply the normal variability of the urodynamic study.

title: Normal ranges of variability for urodynamic studies of neurogenic bladders in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide of the @entity916 -angiotensin system with vasodilator and antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated growth of @entity1 @entity2 cells in vitro through activation of a unique @entity1129 ((1-7)) receptor. The current study investigates the effect of Ang-(1-7) on @entity2 growth in vivo, using a @entity1 @entity2 xenograft model. Athymic @entity19 with @entity5 resulting from injection of A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells were treated for 28 days with either i.v. saline or Ang-(1-7), delivered by implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) reduced @entity5 volume by 30% compared with the size before treatment; in contrast, @entity5 size in the saline-treated animals increased 2.5-fold. These results correlate with a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki67 in the Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity5 when compared with the saline-infused @entity5 tissues. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) mRNA and protein in @entity5 of Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity19 when compared with @entity19 treated with saline as well as in the parent A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells in tissue culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may decrease @entity1996 activity and proinflammatory @entity2918 to inhibit @entity2 growth. In contrast, the heptapeptide had no effect on @entity9859 mRNA in xenograft @entity5 or A549 cells. Because Ang-(1-7), a peptide with antithrombotic properties, reduces growth through activation of a selective @entity1129 ((1-7)) receptor, our results suggest that the heptapeptide represents a novel treatment for @entity2 by reducing @entity1996 .

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of XXXX lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in @entity19 through a reduction in @entity1996 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide of the @entity916 -angiotensin system with vasodilator and antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated growth of @entity1 @entity2 cells in vitro through activation of a unique @entity1129 ((1-7)) receptor. The current study investigates the effect of Ang-(1-7) on @entity2 growth in vivo, using a @entity1 @entity2 xenograft model. Athymic @entity19 with @entity5 resulting from injection of A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells were treated for 28 days with either i.v. saline or Ang-(1-7), delivered by implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) reduced @entity5 volume by 30% compared with the size before treatment; in contrast, @entity5 size in the saline-treated animals increased 2.5-fold. These results correlate with a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki67 in the Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity5 when compared with the saline-infused @entity5 tissues. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) mRNA and protein in @entity5 of Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity19 when compared with @entity19 treated with saline as well as in the parent A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells in tissue culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may decrease @entity1996 activity and proinflammatory @entity2918 to inhibit @entity2 growth. In contrast, the heptapeptide had no effect on @entity9859 mRNA in xenograft @entity5 or A549 cells. Because Ang-(1-7), a peptide with antithrombotic properties, reduces growth through activation of a selective @entity1129 ((1-7)) receptor, our results suggest that the heptapeptide represents a novel treatment for @entity2 by reducing @entity1996 .

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of @entity1 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in @entity19 through a reduction in XXXX .

answer: @entity1996 :: (19225(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide of the @entity916 -angiotensin system with vasodilator and antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated growth of @entity1 @entity2 cells in vitro through activation of a unique @entity1129 ((1-7)) receptor. The current study investigates the effect of Ang-(1-7) on @entity2 growth in vivo, using a @entity1 @entity2 xenograft model. Athymic @entity19 with @entity5 resulting from injection of A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells were treated for 28 days with either i.v. saline or Ang-(1-7), delivered by implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) reduced @entity5 volume by 30% compared with the size before treatment; in contrast, @entity5 size in the saline-treated animals increased 2.5-fold. These results correlate with a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki67 in the Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity5 when compared with the saline-infused @entity5 tissues. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) mRNA and protein in @entity5 of Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity19 when compared with @entity19 treated with saline as well as in the parent A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells in tissue culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may decrease @entity1996 activity and proinflammatory @entity2918 to inhibit @entity2 growth. In contrast, the heptapeptide had no effect on @entity9859 mRNA in xenograft @entity5 or A549 cells. Because Ang-(1-7), a peptide with antithrombotic properties, reduces growth through activation of a selective @entity1129 ((1-7)) receptor, our results suggest that the heptapeptide represents a novel treatment for @entity2 by reducing @entity1996 .

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of @entity1 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in XXXX through a reduction in @entity1996 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this study was to assess the impact of neuronavigation on the cytoreductive treatment of solitary contrast-enhancing @entity5 and outcomes of this treatment in cases in which neuronavigation was preoperatively judged to be redundant. METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective randomized study in which 45 @entity1 , each harboring a solitary contrast-enhancing @entity5 , were randomized for surgery with or without neuronavigation. Peri- and postoperative parameters under investigation included the following: duration of the procedure; surgeon's estimate of the usefulness of neuronavigation; quantification of the extent of resection, determined using magnetic resonance imaging; and the postoperative course, as evaluated by neurological examinations, the @entity1 's quality-of-life self-assessment, application of the Barthel index and the Karnofsky Performance Scale score, and the @entity1 's time of @entity204 . The mean amount of @entity41 tissue was 28.9% for @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and 13.8% for surgery involving neuronavigation (SN). The corresponding mean amounts of residual contrast-enhancing @entity5 tissue were 29.2 and 24.4%, respectively. These differences were not significant. Gross-total removal (GTR) was achieved in five @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 and in three who underwent SN. Median survival was significantly shorter in the SN group (5.6 months compared with 9 months, unadjusted hazard ratio = 1.6); however, this difference may be attributable to the coincidental early @entity204 of three @entity1 in the SN group. No discernible important effect on the @entity1 ' 3-month postoperative course was identified. CONCLUSIONS: There is no rationale for the routine use of neuronavigation to improve the extent of @entity5 resection and prognosis in @entity1 harboring a solitary enhancing intracerebral lesion when neuronavigation is not already deemed advantageous because of the size or location of the lesion.

title: Effectiveness of neuronavigation in resecting solitary intracerebral contrast-enhancing XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracerebral tumor', 'intracerebral tumors']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'standard surgery']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To elucidate mechanisms of @entity2003 by assessing excitability of alpha-motoneurons innervating right and left soleus muscles in healthy controls and @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 with @entity2003 in the right, left and both legs. METHODS: One group of 45 controls was recruited and 60 @entity191 @entity1 in three groups: @entity2003 , predominantly in the right, left and both legs. H-reflex (H) and muscle response (M) were recorded from right and left soleus muscles during stimulations of the posterior tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa while lying and standing. The H/M ratio was taken as an index for motoneuron excitability. RESULTS: Mean H/M ratios were significantly different on the right and left sides, modified by postural changes in controls and @entity191 @entity1 . Analysis of variance showed that in healthy subjects the H/M ratio was: standing>lying (right), lying>standing (left). In right leg @entity2003 @entity1 , the H/M ratio was greatest during standing, and smallest during lying. In @entity2003 @entity1 , the H/M ratios on the right and left sides were equally independent of posture. In controls, left H/M>right while lying, <right while standing. In right leg @entity2003 @entity1 , right H/M>left, but <right in @entity2003 @entity1 , independent of posture. There was no side difference in @entity1 with @entity2003 in both legs. CONCLUSIONS: (i) motoneuron excitability may show side and postural differences in healthy individuals and @entity191 @entity1 ; (ii) posture may be associated with lateralized motoneuron excitability in these subjects; and (iii) @entity2003 may have spinal motor origins.

title: Lateralized a-motoneuron excitabilities during lying and standing of healthy individuals in relation to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigidity', 'left leg rigidity', 'rigidities', 'Parkinsonian rigidity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['parkinsonian rigidity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity661 is a rare @entity260 with a 5% mortality rate. The objective of this report was to present @entity4094 as a trigger for this syndrome, discuss this disorder, and call attention to the risks of @entity4094 . CASE REPORT: A 61-year old female, physical status ASA I, who underwent general anesthesia associated with paravertebral cervical block for arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff lesion. Physical exam after extubation detected @entity4094 . In the post-anesthetic care unit the @entity1 developed @entity2147 , @entity591 , @entity101 , and severe @entity12906 . After reintubation the @entity1 evolved for @entity1167 with electrical activity without a pulse, which was reverted with the administration of adrenaline and external cardiac massage. In the postoperative period the @entity1 presented elevation of the ST segment, increased troponin, and left ventricular medial-apical @entity910 with an estimated ejection fraction of 30%. Cardiac catheterization showed absence of significant @entity75 in the coronary vessels, and severe disruption of the systolic function with inferior and antero-septo-apical @entity910 and compensatory basal hypercontractility. The @entity1 had complete functional recovery with the treatment instituted. CONCLUSIONS: Residual neuromuscular blockade associated with diaphragmatic @entity912 and possible @entity891 leading to @entity1576 , @entity2944 , and adrenergic discharge triggered the @entity661 with severe clinical repercussion.

title: XXXX secondary to @entity4094 . Case report.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['residual neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Tako-Tsubo syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['Tako-Tsubo syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity661 is a rare @entity260 with a 5% mortality rate. The objective of this report was to present @entity4094 as a trigger for this syndrome, discuss this disorder, and call attention to the risks of @entity4094 . CASE REPORT: A 61-year old female, physical status ASA I, who underwent general anesthesia associated with paravertebral cervical block for arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff lesion. Physical exam after extubation detected @entity4094 . In the post-anesthetic care unit the @entity1 developed @entity2147 , @entity591 , @entity101 , and severe @entity12906 . After reintubation the @entity1 evolved for @entity1167 with electrical activity without a pulse, which was reverted with the administration of adrenaline and external cardiac massage. In the postoperative period the @entity1 presented elevation of the ST segment, increased troponin, and left ventricular medial-apical @entity910 with an estimated ejection fraction of 30%. Cardiac catheterization showed absence of significant @entity75 in the coronary vessels, and severe disruption of the systolic function with inferior and antero-septo-apical @entity910 and compensatory basal hypercontractility. The @entity1 had complete functional recovery with the treatment instituted. CONCLUSIONS: Residual neuromuscular blockade associated with diaphragmatic @entity912 and possible @entity891 leading to @entity1576 , @entity2944 , and adrenergic discharge triggered the @entity661 with severe clinical repercussion.

title: @entity661 secondary to XXXX . Case report.

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['residual neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: The present study aimed to assess whether @entity1 with bladder @entity5 can be more objectively stratified into low- and high-risk groups for recurrence and progression using a 2-tired molecular grading scheme, than by subjective histopathological grading alone. Biopsy material from 45 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1494 (2 @entity4929 of low malignant potentials, 18 pTa, 1 pTis, 19 @entity2558 ) was analysed for immunohistochemical Ki-67 and @entity876 expression. Labelling indices were assessed by automated cellular image analysis. UroVysion FISH test results were evaluated by automated signal counting, and DNA ploidy of single nuclei preparations were measured by image cytometry. Sixty-nine percent of cases showed >10% Ki-67 @entity3162 , 64% had >10% @entity876 @entity3162 , 53% revealed DNA aneuploidy and 56% expressed a high-risk FISH pattern. Based on a combination of single molecular markers, 75% of @entity5 were classified as high molecular grade. @entity5 stage and histopathological grade were significantly associated with FISH pattern, DNA ploidy and @entity1758 @entity3162 . Stage was also related with molecular grade. Clinical outcome showed a significant correlation with @entity1758 @entity3162 and molecular grade. @entity876 had neither diagnostic nor prognostic relevance, nor was there any correlation between histological and molecular grade. Our preliminary data strongly suggest that the combination of quantitative biomarkers provides superior and objective prognostic tools in bladder @entity5 compared to classic clinicopathological features and indices.

title: Quantitative molecular grading of bladder tumours: a tool for objective assessment of the biological potential of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary urothelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial bladder neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumours', 'urothelial neoplasias', 'neoplasias', 'Tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial neoplasias']


abstract: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) affects 11.5 to 53.4 individuals per million of the population in developed countries each year. @entity1566 is caused by @entity130 , although it can also result from @entity602 , @entity4685 , @entity455 or @entity2758 and @entity15 . @entity1 with complete lesions of the spinal cord between spinal cord level T6 and S2, after they recover from spinal shock, generally exhibit @entity1494 without sensation, smooth sphincter synergy, but with detrusor striated @entity1690 (DESD). Those with lesions above spinal cord level T6 may experience, in addition, smooth @entity1690 and @entity12805 . DESD is a debilitating problem in @entity1 with @entity1566 . It carries a high risk of complications, and even life expectancy can be affected. Nearly half of the @entity1 with untreated DESD will develop deleterious urologic complications, due to high intravesical pressures, resulting in @entity1791 , @entity293 ( @entity293 ), @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ), @entity3041 , @entity3551 , and @entity177 . The mainstay of treatment is the use of antimuscarinics and catheterization, but in those for whom this is not possible external sphincterotomy has been a last resort option. External sphincterotomy is associated with significant risks, including @entity548 ; @entity323 and the possibility of redo procedures. Over the last decade alternatives have been investigated, such as urethral stents and intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection. In this review, we will cover neurogenic DESD, with emphasis on definition, classifications, diagnosis and different therapeutic options available.

title: Management of detrusor external XXXX in @entity1494 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary bladder contractions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTI', 'urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['sphincter dyssynergia']


abstract: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) affects 11.5 to 53.4 individuals per million of the population in developed countries each year. @entity1566 is caused by @entity130 , although it can also result from @entity602 , @entity4685 , @entity455 or @entity2758 and @entity15 . @entity1 with complete lesions of the spinal cord between spinal cord level T6 and S2, after they recover from spinal shock, generally exhibit @entity1494 without sensation, smooth sphincter synergy, but with detrusor striated @entity1690 (DESD). Those with lesions above spinal cord level T6 may experience, in addition, smooth @entity1690 and @entity12805 . DESD is a debilitating problem in @entity1 with @entity1566 . It carries a high risk of complications, and even life expectancy can be affected. Nearly half of the @entity1 with untreated DESD will develop deleterious urologic complications, due to high intravesical pressures, resulting in @entity1791 , @entity293 ( @entity293 ), @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ), @entity3041 , @entity3551 , and @entity177 . The mainstay of treatment is the use of antimuscarinics and catheterization, but in those for whom this is not possible external sphincterotomy has been a last resort option. External sphincterotomy is associated with significant risks, including @entity548 ; @entity323 and the possibility of redo procedures. Over the last decade alternatives have been investigated, such as urethral stents and intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection. In this review, we will cover neurogenic DESD, with emphasis on definition, classifications, diagnosis and different therapeutic options available.

title: Management of detrusor external @entity1690 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder']


abstract: Current endeavors in @entity6 care focus on helping @entity1 and providers deal successfully with the complexities of the disease by improving the system of care, expanding the reach of interventions, and empowering @entity1 to engage in self-care behaviors. Internet technologies that combine the broad reach of mass media with the interactive capabilities of interpersonal media provide a wide range of advantages over standard modes of delivery. The technical affordances of Web delivery enable individualization or tailoring, appropriately timed reinforcement of educational messages, social support, improved feedback, and increased engagement. In turn, these have been significantly correlated with improved health outcomes.This article is a narrative review of Web-based interventions for managing type 2 @entity6 published from 2000 to 2007 that utilize Web sites, Web portals, electronic medical records, videoconference, interactive voice response, and short messaging systems. The most effective systems link medical management and self-management. @entity1 satisfaction is highest when the Web-based system gives them the ability to track blood @entity413 , receive electronic reminders, schedule physician visits, email their health care team, and interact with other @entity6 @entity1 . However, comprehensive medical and self-management programs have not been implemented widely outside of systems funded by government agencies. The cost of developing and maintaining comprehensive systems continues to be a challenge and is seldom measured in efficacy studies. Lack of reimbursement for Web-based treatments is also a major barrier to implementation. These barriers must be overcome for widespread adoption and realization of subsequent cost savings.

title: A review of web-assisted interventions for XXXX management: maximizing the potential for improving health outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Recent advances in understanding the complex biology of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway have led to the identification of many potentially 'drugable' targets within this pathway. One such inhibitor, @entity1749 (formerly known as @entity1749 ), has proven to be an effective reversible inhibitor of the chymotryptic protease in the 26S proteasome. Proteasome inhibitors represent a new approach for the treatment of many forms of @entity5 , especially select @entity1583 . The proteasome plays an important role in regulating the availability of different intracellular proteins. While only some of the consequences of inhibiting this activity are understood, a growing amount of data suggests that inhibition of the proteasome is associated with a remarkable panoply of different biological effects that include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, changes in cell surface adhesion markers, and an increased sensitivity to standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy. @entity1749 was recently approved by the US FDA for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple @entity1582 . In addition, @entity1749 has also shown encouraging results in the treatment of select types of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Ongoing phase II clinical trials in pretreated @entity1 are exploring @entity1749 in different histologies of @entity1893 and in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Preliminary data have shown interesting activity, especially in @entity1 with follicular, marginal zone, and @entity1073 ; in these populations, durable complete and partial remissions have been reported. The @entity137 profile of this drug, coupled with its unusual mechanism of action, make it a potentially important agent warranting further preclinical and clinical attention. However, many unanswered questions remain regarding how best to employ @entity1749 in the conventional treatment of @entity706 . The apparent lack of activity in different subtypes of @entity706 , such as @entity1072 and diffuse large @entity1892 , as well as a lack of understanding about the best way to combine @entity1749 with standard therapies for indolent @entity1893 , raises important questions regarding the mechanistic basis for its effects. We will undoubtedly need to understand these effects better in order to fully exploit the potential of this new class of drugs.

title: Mechanistic rationale and clinical evidence for the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors against indolent and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHLs', 'non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'PS341', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphomas']


abstract: There is a common perception that burned @entity1 are at risk for growth deceleration. However, because the prevalence, duration, and degree of this stereotypic growth are poorly described, making informed decisions about treatment is difficult. This article describes the natural history of growth after @entity130 , according to the findings of a retrospective review conducted in a regional pediatric burn center. The study population comprised @entity1 younger than 13 years at the time of injury, who survived burns involving >or=30% TBSA. Main outcome measures were height and weight; values obtained upon admission for @entity130 and at all subsequent hospital admissions were converted to height-for-age and weight-for-age Z scores with use of a reference standard. Z scores were then used to determine whether baseline height and weight status (according to initial admission data) were recouped after @entity130 . Medical records of 159 @entity1 (2910 admissions) were reviewed. @entity1 with massive burns (>or=50% TBSA) had height-for-age Z scores that were significantly below their baseline average for all years studied (mean fall in Z score units of 0.50-0.76; P < .0001). This decline in height-for-age Z scores represented a deficit of 1.6 to 5.8 cm. Seventeen @entity1 (11%) had height-for-age Z scores consistent with stunting. Weight-for-age Z scores were not statistically lower than the reference standard, except for @entity1 with massive burns up to 1.5 years post-burn. In our population of burned @entity1 , only massively burned @entity1 demonstrated a decline in stature. The decline for most was modest.

title: Growth deceleration and restoration after serious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main adverse effect of @entity6414 is nephrotoxicity. There are few data on polymyxin-associated @entity8 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity1 treated with @entity6414 . METHODS: The studied population included 114 @entity1 who received at least 3 consecutive days of intravenous @entity6414 and had baseline serum @entity1011 (SCr) and at least one further SCr measurement during treatment. @entity810 was defined as an SCr increase to 1.8 mg/dL or greater in @entity1 with baseline SCr less than 1.5 mg/dL, or an increase greater than or equal to 50% in baseline SCr when it was already greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL, or need for dialysis. RESULTS: @entity810 developed in 22% of the @entity1 . They were older, had a higher baseline SCr, had a higher frequency of baseline SCr greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL, used other nephrotoxic drugs and @entity1483 more often, and required vasoactive drugs and mechanical ventilation more frequently. Progression to @entity177 was significantly more probable when the bacteria were isolated in the abdomen, catheter, or blood. @entity810 @entity1 had a higher mortality rate (92% vs 53%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified abnormal baseline SCr (odds ratio [OR] 3.51); need for vasoactive drugs (OR 3.03); and abdomen, blood, or catheter as the infection site (OR 3.82) as independent risk factors for @entity810 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who developed @entity810 had a strikingly elevated mortality rate. @entity6414 should be used with extreme caution in @entity1 who have an abnormal baseline SCr; use vasoactive drugs; or have abdomen, blood, or catheter as the infection site.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for @entity810 associated with parenteral XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['Polymyxin B', 'polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6414 :: (MESH:D011112,Chemical) :: ['polymyxin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main adverse effect of @entity6414 is nephrotoxicity. There are few data on polymyxin-associated @entity8 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity1 treated with @entity6414 . METHODS: The studied population included 114 @entity1 who received at least 3 consecutive days of intravenous @entity6414 and had baseline serum @entity1011 (SCr) and at least one further SCr measurement during treatment. @entity810 was defined as an SCr increase to 1.8 mg/dL or greater in @entity1 with baseline SCr less than 1.5 mg/dL, or an increase greater than or equal to 50% in baseline SCr when it was already greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL, or need for dialysis. RESULTS: @entity810 developed in 22% of the @entity1 . They were older, had a higher baseline SCr, had a higher frequency of baseline SCr greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL, used other nephrotoxic drugs and @entity1483 more often, and required vasoactive drugs and mechanical ventilation more frequently. Progression to @entity177 was significantly more probable when the bacteria were isolated in the abdomen, catheter, or blood. @entity810 @entity1 had a higher mortality rate (92% vs 53%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified abnormal baseline SCr (odds ratio [OR] 3.51); need for vasoactive drugs (OR 3.03); and abdomen, blood, or catheter as the infection site (OR 3.82) as independent risk factors for @entity810 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who developed @entity810 had a strikingly elevated mortality rate. @entity6414 should be used with extreme caution in @entity1 who have an abnormal baseline SCr; use vasoactive drugs; or have abdomen, blood, or catheter as the infection site.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for XXXX associated with parenteral @entity6414 use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to large and increasing numbers of @entity5 survivors, long-term @entity5 -related health issues have become a major focus of attention. This study examined the relation between a high-intensity physical rehabilitation program and return-to-work in @entity5 survivors who had received chemotherapy. METHODS: The intervention group, consisting of 72 @entity5 survivors from one hospital (8 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 , mean age 49 years), followed an 18-weeks rehabilitation program including strength and interval training, and home-based activities. An age-matched control group, consisting of 38 @entity5 survivors (9 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ), was recruited from two other hospitals. They received only standard medical care. All subjects were evaluated during a telephone interview on employment issues, conducted at   3 years after diagnosis. The main outcomes were change in working hours per week and time until return-to-work. RESULTS: @entity1 in the intervention group showed significant less @entity1442 per week [-5.0 h/week vs. -10.8 h/week (P = .03)]. Multivariate analyses showed that the training intervention, the age of @entity1 , and the number of working hours pre-diagnosis could explain the improvement in long-term participation at work. Time until (partial) return-to-work was 11.5 weeks for the intervention group versus 13.2 weeks for the control group (P = .40). On long-term follow-up, 78% of the @entity1 from the intervention group versus 66% from the control group had returned to work on the pre-diagnosis level of working hours (P = .18). CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation using high-intensity physical training is useful for working @entity1 to minimize the decreased ability to work resulting from @entity5 and its treatment.

title: Rehabilitation using high-intensity physical training and long-term return-to-work in XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in working hours']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Based on the successful use of @entity1339 for the treatment of acute @entity4391 , we hypothesised that @entity1339 would increase gastric emptying and improve tolerance to enteral feeding in the critically ill @entity1 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 intolerant of enteral feeds due to high gastric aspirates, were randomised to receive a 'study infusion' consisting of either @entity1339 (0.4 mg/hr) or 0.9% saline. If, after 12 hours the @entity1 was deemed intolerant of the nasogastric feed, the rate of the 'study infusion' was doubled. Those who remained intolerant after 24 hours of the 'study infusion' were 'crossed-over' and continued on the other infusion for a further 24 hours. Gastric emptying was assessed in each group before and after the infusion by measuring the hourly rates of feed "absorption" [(delivery rate + returned aspirates) - total aspirates] and @entity1443 absorption using the area under a time-concentration curve at 120 minutes (AUC120). Differences within and between groups were analysed using Students t test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: Six @entity1 received @entity1339 first and 5 received the placebo first. Four of the 6 @entity1 receiving the @entity1339 first compared with all of those receiving placebo first required to be 'crossed-over' to the other infusion. While the hourly rates of feed "absorption" were greater for @entity1 receiving @entity1339 than for placebo, these differences did not achieve statistical significance. The mean @entity1443 AUC120 for all @entity1 who received @entity1339 was 3996 mg/min/L while that for placebo was 1929 mg/min/L (p = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that while @entity1339 may have a positive effect on gastric emptying and enteral feed absorption in critically ill @entity1 , the results did not reach statistical significance and an adequately powered study will be required to confirm this effect.

title: Does XXXX increase gastric emptying in the critically ill?--results of a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ['colonic pseudo-obstruction']

answer: @entity1339 :: (MESH:D009388,Chemical) :: ['neostigmine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) have a high mortality and morbidity. This pilot study was undertaken to identify contributors to outcome in the early management of @entity1 with @entity131 and to investigate the feasibility of a larger study. METHODS: Road @entity130 @entity1 who died between January 1 and April 30, 2000 were selected from the Alfred Hospital's Intensive Care @entity131 database. These @entity1 were matched with 2 survivors from the data base during the same period for age, injury severity score (ISS) and severity of @entity1545 using the head abbreviated injury score (head AIS). @entity1 injury scoring (using the revised @entity130 score, @entity130 and injury severity score and Glasgow @entity772 score), arterial blood gas analysis, lactate concentration, inspired @entity26 concentration, systolic and mean arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, intravenous fluid and blood transfusion volumes, body temperature, haemoglobin, white cell count, INR, APTT, temperature and plasma @entity413 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations were recorded for 48 hours from the time of injury. Time periods from the accident to key events (e.g. arrival of ambulance at accident scene, intubation, arrival at the emergency department, insertion of intracranial pressure monitor and primary surgery) were also recorded. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (6 deceased, 12 survivors) were identified. Despite matching, deceased @entity1 had lower initial Glasgow @entity772 Scores (GCS) (3.6 vs. 7.4, P = 0.01) and lower revised @entity130 scores (4.41 vs. 5.75; P = 0.044) compared with survivors. There were no significant differences in other parameters. However, deceased @entity1 tended to have longer times to treatment (P = NS) and experienced @entity130 at night more frequently, and survivors received almost double the volume of fluid resuscitation during the first 12 hours (19.7 +/- 19.1 vs. 11.8 +/- 2.7 mL/kg/hr, P = 0.513). CONCLUSIONS: Both initial GCS and severity of @entity1545 should be used to match @entity131 @entity1 for injury severity in future studies. Lower initial GCS in deceased @entity1 was likely due to greater severity of @entity1545 , although it is also possible that the lower GCS was due to decreased brain perfusion (perhaps reflecting inadequate resuscitation) in these @entity1 . Volume of early fluid resuscitation, time to definitive therapy, and time of presentation to hospital may also be important determinants of @entity1 outcome. A large case control outcome study is required to extend these observations.

title: Factors contributing to fatal outcome of XXXX : a pilot case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Quadrigeminal cistern @entity145 are rare lesions, accounting for 5% to 10% of all intracranial @entity145 and 9% of all supratentorial localizations. We reviewed the @entity1 with quadrigeminal @entity145 (QAC) who were treated with neuroendoscopic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with QAC had been operated on between 2000 and 2007 in our institution. Four @entity1 had undergone shunting prior to neuroendoscopic surgery. There were nine @entity1 and seven @entity1 with age ranging from 7 days to 17 years (mean, 40 months). All @entity1 had @entity1276 . A wide ventriculocystostomy (VC) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy were performed by using rigid neuroendoscopes. An aqueductal stent was also placed in two of the @entity1 . Psychometric evaluation was administered postoperatively when possible. Follow-up of the @entity1 ranged from 6 to 96 months (mean, 51.8 months). RESULTS: Of the 17 @entity1 , 12 underwent endoscopic procedure as the primary surgery. Five @entity1 had been previously shunted. @entity1155 were the main symptom and sign in all @entity1 with QAC. Older @entity1 presented with the symptoms and signs of @entity428 . Of the eight @entity1 who were 6 months old or younger, only one did not need a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt. Endoscopic procedures were successful in all @entity1 older than 6 months of age (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The @entity1 presenting in their infancy had a @entity1155 , and all @entity1 except for one, younger than 6 months of age, needed a VP shunt. Neuroendoscopic procedure is effective particularly in the @entity1 with QAC older than 6 months of age.

title: Endoscopic management of quadrigeminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation', 'Macrocrania and psychomotor retardation']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Convection-enhanced delivery using @entity3003 in @entity11 models was reported to prolong survival. Functional impairment is of additional importance to evaluate the value of local chemotherapy. We established a neurological scoring system for the @entity35 @entity11 model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 46 male Fisher @entity35 stereotactically 10(5) F-98 cells were implanted at 1.4-mm lateral to midline and at the lambdoid suture using guided screws. Following 4 days local delivery was performed using Alzet pumps (1 microl/h over 7 days) with either vehicle (5% @entity413 ) or @entity3003 via one or two cannulas, respectively. All @entity35 were subsequently tested neurologically using a specified neurological score. In 38 animals survival time was recorded. Representative MR imaging were acquired in eight @entity35 , respectively, at day 12 after implantation. HE staining was used to evaluate @entity5 extension. RESULTS: Neurological scoring showed significantly higher impairment in the high dose @entity3003 group during the treatment period. Survival was significantly prolonged compared to control animals in the high dose @entity3003 -one cannula group as well as in both low dose @entity3003 groups (18.6 +/- 3 versus 26.3 +/- 9, 22.8 +/- 2, 23.6 +/- 2 days; p < 0.05). Overall neurological grading correlated with survival time. MR imaging showed a focal contrast enhancing mass in the pontine brainstem, which was less exaggerated after local chemotherapy. Histological slices visualized decreased cellular density in treatment animals versus controls. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy in the @entity11 model showed significant efficacy for histological changes and survival. Our neurological grading enables quantification of drug and @entity5 -related morbidity as an important factor for functional performance during therapy.

title: Neurological grading, survival, MR imaging, and histological evaluation in the @entity35 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem glioma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['brainstem glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Convection-enhanced delivery using @entity3003 in @entity11 models was reported to prolong survival. Functional impairment is of additional importance to evaluate the value of local chemotherapy. We established a neurological scoring system for the @entity35 @entity11 model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 46 male Fisher @entity35 stereotactically 10(5) F-98 cells were implanted at 1.4-mm lateral to midline and at the lambdoid suture using guided screws. Following 4 days local delivery was performed using Alzet pumps (1 microl/h over 7 days) with either vehicle (5% @entity413 ) or @entity3003 via one or two cannulas, respectively. All @entity35 were subsequently tested neurologically using a specified neurological score. In 38 animals survival time was recorded. Representative MR imaging were acquired in eight @entity35 , respectively, at day 12 after implantation. HE staining was used to evaluate @entity5 extension. RESULTS: Neurological scoring showed significantly higher impairment in the high dose @entity3003 group during the treatment period. Survival was significantly prolonged compared to control animals in the high dose @entity3003 -one cannula group as well as in both low dose @entity3003 groups (18.6 +/- 3 versus 26.3 +/- 9, 22.8 +/- 2, 23.6 +/- 2 days; p < 0.05). Overall neurological grading correlated with survival time. MR imaging showed a focal contrast enhancing mass in the pontine brainstem, which was less exaggerated after local chemotherapy. Histological slices visualized decreased cellular density in treatment animals versus controls. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy in the @entity11 model showed significant efficacy for histological changes and survival. Our neurological grading enables quantification of drug and @entity5 -related morbidity as an important factor for functional performance during therapy.

title: Neurological grading, survival, MR imaging, and histological evaluation in the XXXX @entity11 model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This article addresses the problem of real-time @entity410 detection from intracranial EEG (IEEG). One difficulty in creating an approach that can be used for many @entity1 is the heterogeneity of @entity410 IEEG patterns across different @entity1 and even within a @entity1 . In addition, simultaneously maximizing sensitivity and minimizing latency and false detection rates has been challenging as these are competing objectives. Automated machine learning systems provide a mechanism for dealing with these hurdles. Here we present and evaluate an algorithm for real-time @entity410 onset detection from IEEG using a machine-learning approach that permits a @entity1 -specific solution. We extract temporal and spectral features across all intracranial EEG channels. A pattern recognition component is trained using these feature vectors and tested against unseen continuous data from the same @entity1 . When tested on more than 875 hours of IEEG data from 10 @entity1 , the algorithm detected 97% of 67 test @entity410 of several types with a median detection delay of 5 seconds and a median false alarm rate of 0.6 false alarms per 24-hour period. The sensitivity was 100% for 8 of 10 @entity1 . These results indicate that a sensitive, specific, and relatively short-latency detection system based on machine learning can be employed for @entity410 detection from EEG using a full set of intracranial electrodes to individual @entity1 . This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated @entity410 Detection and Prediction.

title: An algorithm for XXXX onset detection using intracranial EEG.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 (CaP) is a disease with multifactorial etiology that includes both genetic and environmental components. The knowledge of the genetic basis of CaP has increased over the past years, mainly in the pathways that underlie tumourigenesis, progression and drug resistance. The vast majority of cases of CaP are @entity420 that likely develop through a pre-malignant lesion and @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ). Histologically, CaP is a heterogeneous disease consisting of multiple, discrete foci of @entity189 and @entity5436 that are commonly interspersed with benign glands and stroma. This admixture with benign tissue can complicate genomic analyses in CaP. Specifically, when DNA is bulk-extracted the genetic information obtained represents an average for all of the cells within the sample. RESULTS: To minimize this problem, we obtained DNA from individual foci of @entity5436 and CaP by laser capture microdissection (LCM). The small quantities of DNA thus obtained were then amplified by means of multiple-displacement amplification ( @entity1865 ), for use in genomic DNA array comparative genomic hybridisation (gaCGH). Recurrent chromosome @entity854 ( @entity854 ) were observed in both @entity5436 and CaP. In @entity5436 , chromosomal imbalances involving chromosome 8 where common, whilst in CaP additional chromosomal changes involving chromosomes 6, 10, 13 and 16 where also frequently observed. CONCLUSION: An overall increase in chromosomal changes was seen in CaP compared to @entity5436 , suggesting a universal breakdown in chromosomal stability. The accumulation of @entity854 , which occurs during this process is non-random and may indicate chromosomal regions important in tumourigenesis. It is therefore likely that the alterations in copy number are part of a programmed cycle of events that promote @entity5 development, progression and survival. The combination of LCM, @entity1865 and gaCGH is ideally suited for the identification of @entity854 from small cell clusters and may assist in the discovery of potential genomic markers for early diagnosis, or identify the location of @entity5 suppressor genes (TSG) or oncogenes previously unreported in @entity5436 and CaP.

title: The use of whole genome amplification to study chromosomal changes in XXXX : insights into genome-wide signature of preneoplasia associated with @entity5 progression.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CNAs', 'copy number abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HPIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 (CaP) is a disease with multifactorial etiology that includes both genetic and environmental components. The knowledge of the genetic basis of CaP has increased over the past years, mainly in the pathways that underlie tumourigenesis, progression and drug resistance. The vast majority of cases of CaP are @entity420 that likely develop through a pre-malignant lesion and @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ). Histologically, CaP is a heterogeneous disease consisting of multiple, discrete foci of @entity189 and @entity5436 that are commonly interspersed with benign glands and stroma. This admixture with benign tissue can complicate genomic analyses in CaP. Specifically, when DNA is bulk-extracted the genetic information obtained represents an average for all of the cells within the sample. RESULTS: To minimize this problem, we obtained DNA from individual foci of @entity5436 and CaP by laser capture microdissection (LCM). The small quantities of DNA thus obtained were then amplified by means of multiple-displacement amplification ( @entity1865 ), for use in genomic DNA array comparative genomic hybridisation (gaCGH). Recurrent chromosome @entity854 ( @entity854 ) were observed in both @entity5436 and CaP. In @entity5436 , chromosomal imbalances involving chromosome 8 where common, whilst in CaP additional chromosomal changes involving chromosomes 6, 10, 13 and 16 where also frequently observed. CONCLUSION: An overall increase in chromosomal changes was seen in CaP compared to @entity5436 , suggesting a universal breakdown in chromosomal stability. The accumulation of @entity854 , which occurs during this process is non-random and may indicate chromosomal regions important in tumourigenesis. It is therefore likely that the alterations in copy number are part of a programmed cycle of events that promote @entity5 development, progression and survival. The combination of LCM, @entity1865 and gaCGH is ideally suited for the identification of @entity854 from small cell clusters and may assist in the discovery of potential genomic markers for early diagnosis, or identify the location of @entity5 suppressor genes (TSG) or oncogenes previously unreported in @entity5436 and CaP.

title: The use of whole genome amplification to study chromosomal changes in @entity263 : insights into genome-wide signature of preneoplasia associated with XXXX progression.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that imposing travel restrictions to prevent or delay an @entity683 pandemic may not be feasible. To delay an @entity3082 substantially, an extremely high proportion of trips (~99%) would have to be restricted in a homogeneously mixing population. Influenza is, however, strongly influenced by age-dependent transmission dynamics, and the effectiveness of age-specific travel restrictions, such as the selective restriction of travel by @entity1 , has yet to be examined. METHODS: A simple stochastic model was developed to describe the importation of infectious cases into a population and to model local chains of transmission seeded by imported cases. The probability of a local @entity3082 , and the time period until a major @entity3082 takes off, were used as outcome measures, and travel restriction policies in which @entity1 or adults were preferentially restricted were compared to age-blind restriction policies using an age-dependent next generation matrix parameterized for @entity683 H1N1-2009. RESULTS: Restricting @entity1 from travelling would yield greater reductions to the short-term risk of the @entity3082 being established locally than other policy options considered, and potentially could delay an @entity3082 for a few weeks. However, given a scenario with a total of 500 imported cases over a period of a few months, a substantial reduction in the probability of an @entity3082 in this time period is possible only if the transmission potential were low and assortativity (i.e. the proportion of contacts within-group) were unrealistically high. In all other scenarios considered, age-structured travel restrictions would not prevent an @entity3082 and would not delay the @entity3082 for longer than a few weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Selectively restricting @entity1 from traveling overseas during a pandemic may potentially delay its arrival for a few weeks, depending on the characteristics of the pandemic strain, but could have less of an impact on the economy compared to restricting adult travelers. However, as long as adults have at least a moderate potential to trigger an @entity3082 , selectively restricting the higher risk group ( @entity1 ) may not be a practical option to delay the arrival of an @entity3082 substantially.

title: The feasibility of age-specific travel restrictions during XXXX pandemics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Release of peroxidase from secretory cells of @entity35 lacrimal gland upon cholinergic stimulation was studied in vitro with single lobules and isolated cells (lacrimocytes). Isolated lobules, kept in Eagle's medium, remain structurally intact and reaction product of peroxidase is confined to cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, elements of the Golgi apparatus, and all secretory granules. Morphologically, exocytosis occurs by membrane fusion and discharge of granule content. The highest rate of peroxidase released from lobules is observed at 10(-4) M @entity5402 . The specific activity of peroxidase released into the medium is fourfold higher as compared to the lobules. Release of peroxidase is suppressed by @entity3897 when added before or after the addition of @entity5402 . At 4 degrees C, no peroxidase release occurs upon cholinergic stimulation. The exocytotic release of peroxidase is dependent on energy supply, as indicated by substantial inhibition (at 37 degrees C) under anoxic conditions or in the presence of @entity9310 , @entity3984 , or @entity10941 . Furthermore, the process is sensitive to @entity3812 and @entity5713 . Isolated lacrimocytes, consiting of 95% secretory acinar cells, are prepared by digestion with collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin. They retain the characteristic polarity of secretory cells in situ, and localization of peroxidase is the same as in lobules. Since isolated lacrimocytes respond to cholinergic stimulation in the same way as lobules, the receptors are not damaged by the isolation procedure and appear to be associated directly with the exocrine cell. @entity26 uptake by isolated lacrimocytes is about 14 nmol O2 X min-1 X 10(-6) cells; it is about doubled by uncoupling with @entity9310 . @entity26 uptake rises by 20-30% above the resting rate upon cholinergic stimulation. This additional uptake is suppressed by @entity3897 or by added cholinesterase, indicating that continuous receptor occupancy may be required for the energy demand by exocytosis. On the basis of the specific activity of peroxidase in the medium, the energy demand resulting from cholinergic stimulation is estimated to be 0.08 mumol @entity855 (or energy-rich @entity1391 bonds) per microgram of protein released from the lacrimocytes.

title: Exocytosis in secretory cells of XXXX lacrimal gland. Peroxidase release from lobules and isolated cells upon cholinergic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity9310 :: ('CHEBI:39352', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity10941 :: ('MESH:C003853', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyatractyloside']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We report four cases of cerebral hemodynamic compromise identified over a five year period. Cerebral hemodynamic compromise is characterized by reversible attacks of regional @entity2806 affecting @entity1 with occlusive disease of main arteries supplying blood to the brain. All four of our @entity1 had @entity432 (ICA) often associated with high grade @entity850 or occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery and/or major intracranial arteries. All @entity1 developed likely limb shaking transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) which occur during acute exacerbation of regional @entity1779 . These events often trigger EEG testing because of suspicion of @entity410 . Each @entity1 also had focal delta EEG slowing without evidence of noteworthy structural lesions on imaging scans. A discrepancy or mismatch between these testing results occurred. The @entity1 ' focal delta EEG slowing was attributed primarily to resting regional @entity1779 . Diagnosis of cerebral hemodynamic compromise may be delayed when limb shaking @entity4905 is misdiagnosed as a @entity302 or when regional @entity1779 is not considered as a potential cause of focal delta EEG slowing in older @entity1 that have normal structural imaging studies. Our cases are discussed in light of the relevant EEG and clinical characteristics that have been described in reports of limb shaking @entity4905 and structural imaging/focal delta EEG slowing mismatches.

title: Cerebral hemodynamic compromise associated with limb shaking XXXX and focal EEG slowing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of one internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity4905 :: (MESH:D002546,Disease) :: ['TIA']


abstract: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and affects about 30% of these @entity1 . We have previously localized a @entity2316 locus on chromosome 3q with suggestive linkage in Finnish individuals. Linkage to this region has also been reported earlier by several other groups. To fine map this locus, we conducted a multistage case-control association study in @entity6 @entity1 , comprising 1822 cases with @entity8 and 1874 @entity6 @entity1 free of @entity8 , from Finland, Iceland, and the British Isles. At the screening stage, we genotyped 3072 tag SNPs, spanning a 28 Mb region, in 234 @entity1 and 215 controls from Finland. SNPs that met the significance threshold of p < 0.01 at this stage were followed up by a series of sample sets. A genetic variant, @entity71097 , in the noncoding region at 3q22 was associated with increased risk of @entity2316 (overall p = 7.07 x 10(-6), combined odds ratio [OR] of the allele = 1.33). The estimated genotypic ORs of this variant in all Finnish samples suggested a codominant effect, resulting in significant association, with a p value of 4.7 x 10(-5) (OR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.62). Additionally, an 11 kb segment flanked by @entity71098 and @entity71097 , two strongly correlated variants (r(2) = 0.95), contains three elements highly conserved across multiple species. Independent replication will clarify the role of the associated variants at 3q22 in influencing the risk of @entity2316 .

title: Association of genetic variants at 3q22 with XXXX in @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and affects about 30% of these @entity1 . We have previously localized a @entity2316 locus on chromosome 3q with suggestive linkage in Finnish individuals. Linkage to this region has also been reported earlier by several other groups. To fine map this locus, we conducted a multistage case-control association study in @entity6 @entity1 , comprising 1822 cases with @entity8 and 1874 @entity6 @entity1 free of @entity8 , from Finland, Iceland, and the British Isles. At the screening stage, we genotyped 3072 tag SNPs, spanning a 28 Mb region, in 234 @entity1 and 215 controls from Finland. SNPs that met the significance threshold of p < 0.01 at this stage were followed up by a series of sample sets. A genetic variant, @entity71097 , in the noncoding region at 3q22 was associated with increased risk of @entity2316 (overall p = 7.07 x 10(-6), combined odds ratio [OR] of the allele = 1.33). The estimated genotypic ORs of this variant in all Finnish samples suggested a codominant effect, resulting in significant association, with a p value of 4.7 x 10(-5) (OR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.62). Additionally, an 11 kb segment flanked by @entity71098 and @entity71097 , two strongly correlated variants (r(2) = 0.95), contains three elements highly conserved across multiple species. Independent replication will clarify the role of the associated variants at 3q22 in influencing the risk of @entity2316 .

title: Association of genetic variants at 3q22 with @entity8 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and affects about 30% of these @entity1 . We have previously localized a @entity2316 locus on chromosome 3q with suggestive linkage in Finnish individuals. Linkage to this region has also been reported earlier by several other groups. To fine map this locus, we conducted a multistage case-control association study in @entity6 @entity1 , comprising 1822 cases with @entity8 and 1874 @entity6 @entity1 free of @entity8 , from Finland, Iceland, and the British Isles. At the screening stage, we genotyped 3072 tag SNPs, spanning a 28 Mb region, in 234 @entity1 and 215 controls from Finland. SNPs that met the significance threshold of p < 0.01 at this stage were followed up by a series of sample sets. A genetic variant, @entity71097 , in the noncoding region at 3q22 was associated with increased risk of @entity2316 (overall p = 7.07 x 10(-6), combined odds ratio [OR] of the allele = 1.33). The estimated genotypic ORs of this variant in all Finnish samples suggested a codominant effect, resulting in significant association, with a p value of 4.7 x 10(-5) (OR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.62). Additionally, an 11 kb segment flanked by @entity71098 and @entity71097 , two strongly correlated variants (r(2) = 0.95), contains three elements highly conserved across multiple species. Independent replication will clarify the role of the associated variants at 3q22 in influencing the risk of @entity2316 .

title: Association of genetic variants at 3q22 with @entity8 in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) permanently alters bladder function in @entity1 . @entity811 and @entity2335 occur in both @entity1 @entity1566 as well as in rodent models of @entity1566 . Others have reported early @entity1566 -dependent disruption to bladder uroepithelial integrity that results in increased permeability to urine and urine-borne substances. This can result in @entity2335 , or @entity32 of the bladder, an ongoing pathological condition present throughout the chronic phase of @entity1566 in @entity1 . The goals of our study were twofold: (1) to begin to examine the inflammatory and molecular changes that occur within the bladder uroepithelium using a clinically-relevant spinal contusion model of injury, and (2) to assess whether these alterations continue into the chronic phase of @entity1566 . @entity35 received either moderate @entity1566 or sham surgery. Urine was collected from @entity1566 and sham subjects over 7 days or at 7 months to assess levels of excreted proteins. @entity32 in the bladder wall was assessed via biochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Bladder tight junction proteins, mediators of uroepithelial integrity, were also measured in both the acute and chronic phases of @entity1566 . Urine protein and hemoglobin levels rapidly increase following @entity1566 . An @entity1566 -dependent elevation in numbers of neutrophils within the bladder wall peaked at 48 h. Bladder tight junction proteins demonstrate a rapid but transient decrease as early as 2 h post- @entity1566 . Surprisingly, elevated levels of urine proteins and significant @entity1494 proteins could be detected in chronic @entity1566 , suggesting that early pathological changes to the bladder may continue throughout the chronic phase of injury.

title: XXXX after spinal contusion injury in the adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in bladder tight junction']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Acute and chronic deficits in the urinary bladder']


abstract: Traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) permanently alters bladder function in @entity1 . @entity811 and @entity2335 occur in both @entity1 @entity1566 as well as in rodent models of @entity1566 . Others have reported early @entity1566 -dependent disruption to bladder uroepithelial integrity that results in increased permeability to urine and urine-borne substances. This can result in @entity2335 , or @entity32 of the bladder, an ongoing pathological condition present throughout the chronic phase of @entity1566 in @entity1 . The goals of our study were twofold: (1) to begin to examine the inflammatory and molecular changes that occur within the bladder uroepithelium using a clinically-relevant spinal contusion model of injury, and (2) to assess whether these alterations continue into the chronic phase of @entity1566 . @entity35 received either moderate @entity1566 or sham surgery. Urine was collected from @entity1566 and sham subjects over 7 days or at 7 months to assess levels of excreted proteins. @entity32 in the bladder wall was assessed via biochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Bladder tight junction proteins, mediators of uroepithelial integrity, were also measured in both the acute and chronic phases of @entity1566 . Urine protein and hemoglobin levels rapidly increase following @entity1566 . An @entity1566 -dependent elevation in numbers of neutrophils within the bladder wall peaked at 48 h. Bladder tight junction proteins demonstrate a rapid but transient decrease as early as 2 h post- @entity1566 . Surprisingly, elevated levels of urine proteins and significant @entity1494 proteins could be detected in chronic @entity1566 , suggesting that early pathological changes to the bladder may continue throughout the chronic phase of injury.

title: @entity1494 after spinal contusion injury in the adult XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to test the usability and effectiveness of a newly-developed virtual reality (VR)-based community living skills training program for @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 (ABI). METHOD: A small-sample, pre- and post-quasi experimental design was adopted to initially study the efficacy of the VR-based training program. Its usability was also investigated through interviewing subjects. Outcomes were documented in terms of subjects' skills acquisition, self-efficacy in applying the learnt skills and the transfer ratio of the learnt skills to the real environment. @entity73 and the functional independence level were also assessed. RESULTS: Four subjects with ABI (one @entity131 and three @entity64 subjects) were successfully recruited and received 10 sessions of VR-based community living skills training. All four subjects showed improvement in skills acquisition and memory performance, while three out of four also showed improvement in self-efficacy and demonstrated transfer of skills to the real environment. Usability was initially supported. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggested positive changes in ABI subjects. The proposed virtual reality (VR) community living skills training software will be further investigated in a randomized controlled trial.

title: Virtual reality (VR)-based community living skills training for @entity1 with acquired XXXX : A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Global cognitive ability']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to test the usability and effectiveness of a newly-developed virtual reality (VR)-based community living skills training program for @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 (ABI). METHOD: A small-sample, pre- and post-quasi experimental design was adopted to initially study the efficacy of the VR-based training program. Its usability was also investigated through interviewing subjects. Outcomes were documented in terms of subjects' skills acquisition, self-efficacy in applying the learnt skills and the transfer ratio of the learnt skills to the real environment. @entity73 and the functional independence level were also assessed. RESULTS: Four subjects with ABI (one @entity131 and three @entity64 subjects) were successfully recruited and received 10 sessions of VR-based community living skills training. All four subjects showed improvement in skills acquisition and memory performance, while three out of four also showed improvement in self-efficacy and demonstrated transfer of skills to the real environment. Usability was initially supported. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggested positive changes in ABI subjects. The proposed virtual reality (VR) community living skills training software will be further investigated in a randomized controlled trial.

title: Virtual reality (VR)-based community living skills training for XXXX with acquired @entity1545 : A pilot study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity604 associated with low @entity2931 levels in postmenopausal @entity1 , and with @entity342 deprivation therapy in @entity1 with @entity263 , result in an increased incidence of @entity174 . Denosumab has been shown to increase bone mineral density in these two conditions. OBJECTIVES/METHODS: The objective of this evaluation is to review the clinical trials that have studied clinical endpoints in these conditions. RESULTS: FREEDOM (Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in @entity170 Every 6 Months) was an International Phase III clinical trial that measured the clinical endpoints with denosumab in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . At 36 months, new @entity174 had occurred in 7.2% of subjects in the placebo group and this was lowered to 2.3% of subjects treated with denosumab. HALT (Denosumab Hormone Ablation Bone Loss Trial) studied the clinical endpoints in @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity263 receiving @entity342 -deprivation therapy. The incidence of @entity174 was significantly lower in the denosumab group (1.5%) than in the placebo group (3.9%). The incidence of adverse effects with denosumab in both clinical trials was low. CONCLUSIONS: Denosumab reduces the incidence of @entity174 in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 and in @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity263 receiving @entity342 -deprivation therapy. Denosumab is well tolerated.

title: Good clinical endpoints with denosumab in XXXX and cancer.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-sensitive prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']