abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the oxidant/antioxidant status within the ex vivo @entity1 coronary endarterectomy samples. METHODS: To achieve this, we measured products of lipid oxidation ( @entity1234 , @entity28458 ), lipids ( @entity165 , @entity8557 ) and @entity270 in endarterectomy samples. RESULTS: Content of @entity1234 in the plaque ranged from 0.23 to 37.36 microg/g. Unesterified @entity165 content ranged from 0.30 to 1.94 mg/g. It was 9.04+/-4.32% of total @entity165 . Total @entity165 content ranged from 1.73 to 23.69 mg/g. @entity30317 content ranged from 0.57 to 19.10 mg/g, which is 11.43-60.86% of the total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 40.27+/-18.42%). @entity23107 content ranged from 0.24 to 5.76 mg/g, being 9.97-21.81% of total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 14.35+/-4.51%). @entity23108 content ranged from 1.05 to 8.21 mg/g, being 17.84-45.15% of total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 30.78+/-11.69%). @entity43171 content ranged from 0.51 to 4.20 mg/g, which is 7.56-22.87% of total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 14.60+/-5.60%). The @entity23108 / @entity23107 ratio (CL/CO) ranged from 1.01 to 4.33. Content of @entity28458 in the plaque ranged from 0.0 to 577.5 ng/g of wet weight. The @entity28458 /total @entity165 ratio was 0.003+/-0.003% (range from 0.0% to 0.008%). The @entity28458 /unesterified @entity165 ratio was 0.024+/-0.023% (range from 0.0% to 0.066%). The plaque content of @entity270 ranged from 0.0 to 40.9 microg/g of wet weight. CONCLUSION: The present study, comprising measurements of lipids, products of lipid peroxidation and @entity270 in 12 @entity1 coronary endarterectomy samples, lends the evidence for ongoing lipid peroxidation within an @entity731 .

title: Lipid peroxidation and XXXX in @entity1 coronary atherosclerotic lesions.

entities_list: @entity28458 :: ('MESH:C003001', 'Chemical') :: ['7-ketocholesterol']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity23108 :: ('MESH:C021976', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl linoleate', 'Cholesteryl linoleate']

entities_list: @entity30317 :: ('MESH:C026651', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesteryl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity43171 :: ('MESH:C029382', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesteryl arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity23107 :: ('MESH:C014409', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl oleate', 'Cholesteryl oleate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the oxidant/antioxidant status within the ex vivo @entity1 coronary endarterectomy samples. METHODS: To achieve this, we measured products of lipid oxidation ( @entity1234 , @entity28458 ), lipids ( @entity165 , @entity8557 ) and @entity270 in endarterectomy samples. RESULTS: Content of @entity1234 in the plaque ranged from 0.23 to 37.36 microg/g. Unesterified @entity165 content ranged from 0.30 to 1.94 mg/g. It was 9.04+/-4.32% of total @entity165 . Total @entity165 content ranged from 1.73 to 23.69 mg/g. @entity30317 content ranged from 0.57 to 19.10 mg/g, which is 11.43-60.86% of the total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 40.27+/-18.42%). @entity23107 content ranged from 0.24 to 5.76 mg/g, being 9.97-21.81% of total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 14.35+/-4.51%). @entity23108 content ranged from 1.05 to 8.21 mg/g, being 17.84-45.15% of total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 30.78+/-11.69%). @entity43171 content ranged from 0.51 to 4.20 mg/g, which is 7.56-22.87% of total @entity14743 (mean+/-SD 14.60+/-5.60%). The @entity23108 / @entity23107 ratio (CL/CO) ranged from 1.01 to 4.33. Content of @entity28458 in the plaque ranged from 0.0 to 577.5 ng/g of wet weight. The @entity28458 /total @entity165 ratio was 0.003+/-0.003% (range from 0.0% to 0.008%). The @entity28458 /unesterified @entity165 ratio was 0.024+/-0.023% (range from 0.0% to 0.066%). The plaque content of @entity270 ranged from 0.0 to 40.9 microg/g of wet weight. CONCLUSION: The present study, comprising measurements of lipids, products of lipid peroxidation and @entity270 in 12 @entity1 coronary endarterectomy samples, lends the evidence for ongoing lipid peroxidation within an @entity731 .

title: Lipid peroxidation and @entity270 in XXXX coronary atherosclerotic lesions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the topological reorganization of the @entity75 ( @entity15131 ) in @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). With approval by our ethics committee, rs-fMRI was prospectively performed in 31 @entity1744 @entity1 (25 male, 27        8  years) and 32 healthy controls (25 male, 29        9  years). The @entity15131 was determined by unbiased seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis and then parcellated into several subregions. FC across all pairs of @entity15131 subregions was computed to construct the @entity15131 architecture, for which topological properties were characterized by graph theoretical approaches. Pearson correlation was performed between abnormal @entity15131 inter-regional FC and network measures and clinical indices in @entity1744 @entity1 . Compared to healthy controls, @entity1744 @entity1 showed decreased @entity15131 inter-regional FC between the anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, the medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus (ORBsupmed) and precuneus, and the middle temporal gyrus and precuneus. @entity1744 @entity1 also showed @entity15131 (E glob). Inclusion of @entity148 and @entity308 as covariates abolished FC between ORBsupmed and precuneus and some E glob differences. The average @entity15131 FC was positively correlated with average E glob (r   =   0.47, P   =   0.008) and negatively correlated with symptom severity score (r   =   -0.37, P   =   0.04) in @entity1744 @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity1744 @entity1 showed topological reorganization of the @entity15131 to a non-optimized regularity configuration, which may partly be ascribed to high levels of @entity148 and @entity308 .

title: Topological Reorganization of the Default Mode Network in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain default mode network']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['decreased DMN global efficiency', 'DMN']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable Bowel Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a context where there is an increasing demand to evaluate the outcome of bio-medical research, our work aims to develop a set of indicators to measure the impact of translational @entity5 research. The objective of our study was to explore the scope and issues of translational research relevant to evaluation, explore the views of researchers on the evaluation of oncological translational research, and select indicators measuring the outcomes and outputs of translational research in oncology by consensus. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews amongst 23 researchers involved in translational @entity5 research were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. A two-round modified Delphi survey of 35 @entity1 with similar characteristics was then performed followed by a physical meeting. @entity1 rated the feasibility and validity of 60 indicators. The physical meeting was held to discuss the methodology of the new indicators. RESULTS: The main themes emerging from the interviews included a common definition for translational research but disagreements about the exact scope and limits of this research, the importance of multidisciplinarity and collaboration for the success of translational research, the disadvantages that translational research faces in current evaluation systems, the relative lack of pertinence of existing indicators, and propositions to measure translational @entity5 research in terms of clinical applications and @entity1 outcomes. A total of 35 @entity1 took part in the first round survey and 12 in the second round. The two-round survey helped us select a set of 18 indicators, including four that seemed to be particularly adapted to measure translational @entity5 research impact on health service research (number of biomarkers identified, generation of clinical guidelines, citation of research in clinical guidelines, and citation of research in public health guidelines). The feedback from @entity1 helped refine the methodology and definition of indicators not commonly used. CONCLUSION: Indicators need to be accepted by stakeholders under evaluation. This study helped the selection and refinement of indicators considered as the most relevant by researchers in translational @entity5 research. The feasibility and validity of those indicators will be tested in a scientometric study.

title: Identifying potential indicators to measure the outcome of translational XXXX research: a mixed methods approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patient', 'participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Fibromuscular disease of the carotid artery was identified in 30 @entity1 , which represented 3.2 percent of all @entity1 who had cerebral angiography at Brooke Army Medical Center in the 6 year period from 1978 to 1984. Focal neurologic events were the presenting symptoms in 63 percent of the @entity1 . The majority of the @entity1 were treated with antiplatelet therapy, and eight @entity1 had a total of 10 carotid artery dilatations. The only @entity1 with recurrent symptoms were those who received either no treatment or antiplatelet therapy. There were no recurrent symptoms in the operated @entity1 . This study suggests that surgical treatment for the symptomatic @entity1 may prevent recurrent symptoms with an acceptably low morbidity and mortality. There was, however, no indication that prophylactic dilation of the fibromuscular disease in the asymptomatic @entity1 was beneficial. @entity4267 of the carotid arteries is often associated with @entity438 , and surgical therapy rather than antiplatelet therapy may be advisable in @entity1 who have @entity438 . @entity1 with concomitant @entity731 of the carotid artery bifurcation should be treated like any @entity1 with @entity731 and an endarterectomy should be performed with carotid dilatation when indicated. Fibromuscular disease of the carotid artery is an infrequent angiographic finding that is associated with focal and @entity16 . Most @entity1 can be effectively treated with antiplatelet drugs with no recurrent symptoms, however, for persistent or progressive symptoms, some @entity1 will require surgical dilatation of the carotid artery. Fibromuscular disease of the carotid artery may lead to catastrophic symptoms of @entity64 or @entity932 if left undiagnosed or untreated.

title: XXXX of the carotid arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['global neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity4267 :: (MESH:D005352,Disease) :: ['Fibromuscular dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We retrospectively analyzed our results with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) for the endovascular occlusion of acutely @entity1756 over 10 years. METHODS: Between 1991-2000, 83 @entity1 (mean age, 56.1 years) with @entity510 were treated with endovascular GDCs. @entity1 with @entity439 due to @entity130 or dissection and those with mycotic or fusiform @entity439 were excluded. Mean follow-up in survivors was 19.1 months, and the mean Hunt-Hess grade at admission was 2.2. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 93% of surviving @entity1 (mean interval, 11.6 months). The basilar caput (34 @entity1 ) and anterior communicating artery complex (19 @entity1 ) were most commonly treated. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 (77%) had a Glasgow Outcome Scale score (GOS) of 4 or 5, nine (11%) had a score of 2 or 3, and 10 (12%) died. At follow-up, 24 @entity1 (35%) had complete @entity439 , 18 (26%) had a @entity235 -ear remnant, 24 (35%) had a residual neck, and two (3%) had residual @entity439 . No treated @entity439 rebled. Three @entity1 required surgical repair after incomplete endovascular treatment. Two or more @entity432 procedures were required in 28 @entity1 (34%). Major procedural complications occurred in two @entity1 (2%), resulting in serious @entity16 or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of @entity1756 with GDCs has low morbidity, and it facilitates good overall outcomes in @entity1 after @entity510 . The short-term effectiveness of @entity432 in preventing aneurysmal rebleeding was excellent. Durability of the treatment in preventing long-term rebleeding as compared with direct surgical clipping warrants further study. Advances in device technology and technique may improve future outcomes.

title: Guglielmi detachable coil treatment of XXXX : retrospective review of a 10-year single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disability']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm filling', 'aneurysm occlusion', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['GDC occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured saccular cerebral aneurysms', 'ruptured cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured saccular cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) may provide useful local-regional treatment for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity34 for @entity157 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity82 who had radiological features or biopsy-proven @entity157 were included in the study. @entity1 without @entity82 and @entity1 with extrahepatic @entity3 were excluded. The mean age was 62.7 years. The mean @entity5 size was 5.5 cm. Eleven @entity1 had @entity5 , and 46% were within the Milan criteria. @entity1 received 63 Gy delivered over a 3-week period with @entity34 . RESULTS: Seventy-six @entity1 were treated and followed prospectively for treatment outcomes at Loma Linda University Medical Center. Acute @entity137 was minimal; all @entity1 completed the full course of treatment. @entity99 was evaluated using liver enzyme, @entity648 , and albumin levels; no significant change supervened 6 months posttreatment. Median progression-free survival for the entire group was 36 months, with a 60% 3-year progression-free survival rate for @entity1 within the Milan criteria. Eighteen @entity1 subsequently underwent liver transplantation; 6 (33%) explants showed pathological complete response and 7 (39%) showed only microscopic residual. CONCLUSIONS: @entity34 was found to be a safe and effective local-regional therapy for inoperable @entity157 . A randomized controlled trial to compare its efficacy to a standard therapy has been initiated. @entity5 2011.    2011 American @entity5 Society.

title: The safety and efficacy of high-dose proton beam radiotherapy for XXXX : a phase 2 prospective trial.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation-induced liver disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Proton beam therapy', 'PBT']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the indications of arthroscope for the treatment of @entity626 and investigate the correlation between @entity626 imaging and effects of arthroscope. METHODS: From 2005.8 to 2008.4, 86 @entity1 with @entity626 underwent arthroscope examination and treatment. Among the @entity1 , 44 @entity1 were male, and 42 @entity1 were female, ranging in age from 46 to 67 years, averaged 56.3 years. Arthrodial cartilage of knee was graded by ICRS MR, and by Kellgern Laqrence X-ray. All the @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 30 months. The Lysholm score was evaluated at the follow-up time. RESULTS: Among 86 knees in 86 cases, @entity1844 degree of knees was graded as follows: grade 4 in 30 cases, grade 3 in 22 cases, grade 2 in 20 cases, grade 1 in 12 cases, grade 0 in 2 cases, mean grade (2.77 +/- 1.138). Postoperative Lysholm score ranged from 59 to 100, averaged (95.17 +/- 7.556), Kendall's correlation coefficient was -0.089, P = 0.317. There was no correlations between @entity1844 degree and Lysholm score. X-ray of knees was graded as follows: grade 4 in 0 cases, grade 3 in 24 cases, grade 2 in 38 cases, grade 1 in 17 cases, grade 0 in 7 cases, mean grade was (2.13 +/- 0.67), the Kendall's correlation coefficient was -0.851 with negative correlations (P = 0.036) between postoperative Lysholm score and K/L grade. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between the grade of knee @entity1844 confirmed by MRI (1.5T) and effects of arthroscopy, and the grade is not a gold standard as an operation indication in arthroscope procedure. The K/L grade in X-ray had important effects.

title: [Study on the correlation between XXXX imaging and effects of arthroscope].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage injury']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: The aim of this study was the quantitative assessment of the time course and spatial distribution in brain of invading @entity463 ( @entity463 ) cells using a recently described model consisting of @entity35 @entity35 @entity463 cells stably transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) - called RT2-eGFP - and implanted in Fischer @entity35 . Invasion throughout the brain was verified by confocal microscopy and immunocytochemical staining for eGFP. @entity35 were sacrificed on post-implantation days 3, 8, and @entity204 ( @entity204 ). First, the entire @entity35 brain was disaggregated at each time point and viable @entity35 -eGFP cells were counted using flow cytometry with fluorescence as the marker. Next, 2 mm(3) samples of cortex from each of four brain quadrants (bifrontal and bioccipital) were disaggregated at each time point, with @entity5 cell quantification as before. @entity5 cell density, averaged over the entire brain, reached a peak mid-way through its time course, leveling out by @entity204 . @entity5 cell density within @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was greatest early in the evolution of the @entity1313 , decreasing to its final value mid-way through its time course, due to @entity39 . The greatest concentration of @entity5 cells was within @entity5 , with up to an order of magnitude fewer cells in the periphery, while the number of @entity1313 cells invading brain distant from @entity5 remained constant from day 3 until @entity204 . @entity5 size steadily increased after implantation, with an increasing portion due to central @entity39 as time progressed, suggesting that this effect is an important contributor to fatality in this model. Alternatively (or additionally), accumulation of toxins elaborated by @entity5 cells throughout the brain starting early in the evolution of the @entity5 may also contribute to fatality.

title: Quantitative assessment of XXXX invasion in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'BT', 'bulk tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['time of death', 'TOD']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most studies on @entity1 with severe @entity1545 (SBI) are based on data from specialized centres. This prospective epidemiologic study included all @entity1 in a defined region with a @entity772 lasting more than 24 hours or leading to a @entity204 . METHODS: All @entity1 with a SBI admitted to an emergency department in the region were included during a 1-year period. A data form was completed with initial neurological state, CT scan lesions and associated injuries. Outcome at the end of acute hospitalization was assessed from medical notes. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-eight @entity1 were registered. Annual incidence was 8.5/100 000 population. Median age was 41 years. Traffic crashes were the most frequent cause (59%). Falls occurred in 30% (16% from a high level, 14% from one level). Initial GCS was above 8 in 31%, and @entity1 with a @entity16 were older (52 vs 32 years). @entity204 occurred in 52% of the cohort. Outcome was related to CT scan diagnosis, delay before eye opening and delay before obeying commands. CONCLUSION. This population-based cohort of @entity1 with SBI was different from @entity1 selected in @entity130 centres. The @entity1 were older, more often injured in falls and their mortality rate remained very high.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX : a prospective population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['traumatic comas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The cost of radical prostatectomy (RP) compared to watchful waiting (WW) has never been estimated in a randomized trial. The goal of this study was to estimate long-term total costs per @entity1 associated with RP and WW arising from inpatient and outpatient hospital care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This investigation used the Scandinavian @entity263 Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) trial, comparing RP to WW, and included data from 212 @entity1 living in two counties in Sweden from 1989 to 1999 (105 randomized to WW and 107 to RP). All costs were included from randomization date until @entity204 or end of follow-up in July 2007. Resource use arising from inpatient and outpatient hospital costs was measured in physical units and multiplied by a unit cost to come up with a total cost per @entity1 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12 years, the overall cost in the RP group was 34% higher (p < 0.01) than in the WW group, corresponding to    6123 in Sweden. The difference was driven almost exclusively by the cost of the surgical procedure. The cost difference between RP and WW was two times higher among @entity1 with low (2-6) than among those with high (7-10) Gleason score. CONCLUSION: In this economic evaluation of RP versus WW of @entity263 in a randomized study, RP was associated with 34% higher costs. This difference, attributed exclusively to the cost of the RP procedure, was not overcome during extended follow-up.

title: Managing XXXX by radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: Cost analysis of a randomized trial (SPCG-4).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1547 is the most common chronic disease of @entity1 and it disproportionately affects those living in poverty, but the reasons for this are not clear. Passive smoking may be a modifiable risk factor for @entity1547 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between @entity1547 and serum @entity4874 levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) of 3531 @entity1 aged 4 to 11 years, who had had both dental examinations and a serum @entity4874 level measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Passive smoking defined as serum @entity4874 levels of 0.2 to 10 ng/mL and caries defined as decayed (unfilled) or filled tooth surfaces. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the @entity1 had at least 1 unfilled decayed tooth surface and 33% had at least 1 filled surface. Fifty-three percent had @entity4874 levels consistent with passive smoking. Elevated @entity4874 level was significantly associated with both decayed (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-2.9) and filled (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8) tooth surfaces in deciduous but not in permanent teeth. This relationship persisted after adjusting for age, sex, race, family income, geographic region, frequency of dental visits, and blood lead level. For @entity1547 in deciduous teeth, the adjusted OR was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.7) for the risk of decayed surfaces and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-2.0) for filled surfaces. We estimated the population attributable risk from passive smoking to be 27% for decayed and 14% for filled tooth surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between environmental @entity286 smoke and risk of caries among @entity1 . Reduction of passive smoking is important not only for the prevention of many medical problems, but also for the promotion of @entity1 's dental health.

title: Association of pediatric XXXX with passive smoking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental decay', 'dental caries']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['dental caries']


abstract: The hemodynamic effects of an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg of @entity5354 , a new anti-arrhythmic agent with properties of classes I, III and IV of the Vaughan-Williams classification, were studied in 9 @entity1 during routine cardiac catheterization. Six @entity1 had @entity340 ( @entity337 in 5 and @entity4794 in 1), one @entity1 had @entity741 , one @entity1 had @entity7926 and the remaining @entity1 had @entity1498 of the thoracic aorta. Left ventricular pressure and right sided intracardiac pressures were recorded using a high fidelity transduced and a Swan-Ganz catheter respectively. The first derivative of the left ventricular pressure was obtained electronically and Vmax calculated by linear extrapolation to zero load of the contractile element shortening velocity--left ventricular pressure relationship. Plasma levels of @entity5354 were measured by gas liquid chromatography. All these parameters were obtained under baseline conditions and then 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after intravenous administration of @entity5354 . Cardiac index fell by 20% 5 minutes after the injection of @entity5354 , and returned to control after one hour only. This fall was primarily related to a decrease in @entity64 index, since heart rate remained virtually unchanged. Right and left ventricular filling pressures increased significantly from the 5th to the 40th minute. Aortic systolic pressure fell by approximately 6%, without any change in mean and diastolic aortic pressures. Peripheral and pulmonary resistances increased at 20 minutes by 33% and 45%, respectively. Left ventricular peak positive dP/dt and Vmax decreased significantly at 5 minutes and remained below the baseline value until 60 minutes by 9% and 11% respectively. Percent changes in cardiac index, dP/dt and Vmax were significantly correlated to @entity5354 plasma levels (r = 0.85, 0.79, 0.74 respectively; n = 45). Thus, doses achieving plasma levels within the reported therapeutic range (250-350 ng/ml) would be expected to result in a 8-12% decrease in cardiac output associated with 12-17% and 15-21% reduction of left ventricular dP/dt and Vmax respectively. These data indicate that @entity5354 exerts significant negative inotropic effects. Its use in the subset of @entity1 with severely depressed ventricular function warrants caution.

title: Hemodynamic effects of a new antiarrhythmic agent: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5354 :: ('MESH:C032151', 'Chemical') :: ['Cibenzoline', 'cibenzoline']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity7926 :: ('MESH:D002310', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity5354 :: (MESH:C032151,Chemical) :: ['cibenzoline']


abstract: The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multi-protein complex that regulates the activities of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). CRLs ubiquitinate proteins in order to target them for proteasomal degradation. The CSN is required for proper plant development. Here we show that the CSN also has a profound effect on plant defense responses. Silencing of genes for CSN subunits in @entity523 plants resulted in a mild morphological phenotype and reduced expression of wound-responsive genes in response to mechanical wounding, attack by @entity4079 larvae, and Prosystemin over-expression. In contrast, expression of pathogenesis-related genes was increased in a stimulus-independent manner in these plants. The reduced wound response in CSN-silenced plants corresponded with reduced synthesis of @entity7214 (JA), but levels of @entity3785 (SA) were unaltered. As a consequence, these plants exhibited reduced resistance against herbivorous @entity4079 larvae and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen @entity14261 . In contrast, susceptibility to @entity21104 ) was not altered in CSN-silenced plants. These data demonstrate that the CSN orchestrates not only plant development but also JA-dependent plant defense responses.

title: The COP9 signalosome controls XXXX synthesis and plant responses to herbivory and pathogens.

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'M.  sexta']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity21104 :: ('12242', 'Species') :: ['tobacco mosaic virus (TMV']

entities_list: @entity14261 :: ('40559', 'Species') :: ['Botrytis cinerea']

answer: @entity7214 :: (MESH:C011006,Chemical) :: ['jasmonic acid']


abstract: Emergency transcutaneous @entity299 was studied prospectively in 19 @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with a @entity1167 arrest of 20 minutes duration or less. Pacing was initiated when conventional advanced cardiac life support (including @entity3897 administration) and a fluid challenge failed to restore a pulse. Seventeen @entity1 also had placement of transvenous pacemaker electrodes for @entity299 . Transcutaneous @entity299 rapidly established a blood pressure in the two @entity1 who for clinical reasons did not receive a transvenous pacemaker. Five @entity1 were transcutaneously paced within five minutes of @entity1167 (Group 1) and the remaining 14 were paced between five and 20 minutes following @entity1167 (Group 2). Two of the Group 1 @entity1 were admitted and subsequently recovered full neurological and prearrest cardiac function. Fewer Group 2 @entity1 developed a blood pressure (P = .04), and there were no @entity1 with full neurologic recovery in this group (P = .06). Similar results were found for transvenous @entity299 ; there was a greater incidence of a palpable pulse and measurable blood pressure (P = .05 for both) in the Group 1 @entity1 than in the Group 2 @entity1 . No difference in clinical outcome was noted between the two pacing techniques. These results support the concept that @entity299 must be initiated early if the outcome of bradyasystolic @entity1167 is to be altered.

title: Transcutaneous and transvenous @entity299 for early bradyasystolic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['bradyasystolic cardiopulmonary', 'cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac pacing']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Emergency transcutaneous @entity299 was studied prospectively in 19 @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with a @entity1167 arrest of 20 minutes duration or less. Pacing was initiated when conventional advanced cardiac life support (including @entity3897 administration) and a fluid challenge failed to restore a pulse. Seventeen @entity1 also had placement of transvenous pacemaker electrodes for @entity299 . Transcutaneous @entity299 rapidly established a blood pressure in the two @entity1 who for clinical reasons did not receive a transvenous pacemaker. Five @entity1 were transcutaneously paced within five minutes of @entity1167 (Group 1) and the remaining 14 were paced between five and 20 minutes following @entity1167 (Group 2). Two of the Group 1 @entity1 were admitted and subsequently recovered full neurological and prearrest cardiac function. Fewer Group 2 @entity1 developed a blood pressure (P = .04), and there were no @entity1 with full neurologic recovery in this group (P = .06). Similar results were found for transvenous @entity299 ; there was a greater incidence of a palpable pulse and measurable blood pressure (P = .05 for both) in the Group 1 @entity1 than in the Group 2 @entity1 . No difference in clinical outcome was noted between the two pacing techniques. These results support the concept that @entity299 must be initiated early if the outcome of bradyasystolic @entity1167 is to be altered.

title: Transcutaneous and transvenous XXXX for early bradyasystolic @entity1167 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac pacing']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to conduct an analysis of pooled data from @entity4481 @entity239 clinical trials to determine which @entity239 symptom and function domains drive @entity1 perception of improvement. DESIGN: Data from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of @entity4481 in @entity239 @entity1 were pooled for this analysis. Changes in independent variables, including the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale, sleep quality score from the daily sleep diary, @entity158 score from the daily @entity158 diary, @entity239 Impact Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue were analyzed as predictors of outcome on the dependent variable, @entity1 Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Correlation analysis assessed relationships between the independent variables and PGIC. Cluster analysis identified @entity734 among variables, and a shrinkage and selection method and stepwise logistic regression determined rank order of variables. RESULTS: Improvement in PGIC at endpoint showed highest correlation with @entity158 improvement, fatigue, sleep, and work and physical function (0.4 < r < 0.6). Cluster analysis identified three main clusters of symptoms at endpoint: mood ( @entity148 and @entity308 ), @entity158 and sleep, and function and fatigue. @entity158 was ranked as the most important outcome explaining variability in PGIC, followed by @entity25 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 , fatigue, and sleep associate most strongly with improvement in PGIC. Physical- and work-related function also correlated with @entity1 ' overall assessment of improvement. These domains and their respective outcome measures can be used to improve assessment of @entity1 ' response to treatment.

title: Correlations between @entity239 symptom and function domains and @entity1 global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependencies']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and sleep']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to conduct an analysis of pooled data from @entity4481 @entity239 clinical trials to determine which @entity239 symptom and function domains drive @entity1 perception of improvement. DESIGN: Data from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of @entity4481 in @entity239 @entity1 were pooled for this analysis. Changes in independent variables, including the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale, sleep quality score from the daily sleep diary, @entity158 score from the daily @entity158 diary, @entity239 Impact Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue were analyzed as predictors of outcome on the dependent variable, @entity1 Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Correlation analysis assessed relationships between the independent variables and PGIC. Cluster analysis identified @entity734 among variables, and a shrinkage and selection method and stepwise logistic regression determined rank order of variables. RESULTS: Improvement in PGIC at endpoint showed highest correlation with @entity158 improvement, fatigue, sleep, and work and physical function (0.4 < r < 0.6). Cluster analysis identified three main clusters of symptoms at endpoint: mood ( @entity148 and @entity308 ), @entity158 and sleep, and function and fatigue. @entity158 was ranked as the most important outcome explaining variability in PGIC, followed by @entity25 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 , fatigue, and sleep associate most strongly with improvement in PGIC. Physical- and work-related function also correlated with @entity1 ' overall assessment of improvement. These domains and their respective outcome measures can be used to improve assessment of @entity1 ' response to treatment.

title: Correlations between XXXX symptom and function domains and @entity1 global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of @entity4481 .

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to conduct an analysis of pooled data from @entity4481 @entity239 clinical trials to determine which @entity239 symptom and function domains drive @entity1 perception of improvement. DESIGN: Data from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of @entity4481 in @entity239 @entity1 were pooled for this analysis. Changes in independent variables, including the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale, sleep quality score from the daily sleep diary, @entity158 score from the daily @entity158 diary, @entity239 Impact Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue were analyzed as predictors of outcome on the dependent variable, @entity1 Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Correlation analysis assessed relationships between the independent variables and PGIC. Cluster analysis identified @entity734 among variables, and a shrinkage and selection method and stepwise logistic regression determined rank order of variables. RESULTS: Improvement in PGIC at endpoint showed highest correlation with @entity158 improvement, fatigue, sleep, and work and physical function (0.4 < r < 0.6). Cluster analysis identified three main clusters of symptoms at endpoint: mood ( @entity148 and @entity308 ), @entity158 and sleep, and function and fatigue. @entity158 was ranked as the most important outcome explaining variability in PGIC, followed by @entity25 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 , fatigue, and sleep associate most strongly with improvement in PGIC. Physical- and work-related function also correlated with @entity1 ' overall assessment of improvement. These domains and their respective outcome measures can be used to improve assessment of @entity1 ' response to treatment.

title: Correlations between @entity239 symptom and function domains and XXXX global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of @entity4481 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: During a 7-year period, 116 pancreas transplants were performed in 98 @entity6 @entity1 (49 with and 49 without previous kidney transplants) at the University of Minnesota. The posttransplant clinical course of 26 recipients (22%) was complicated by an @entity1320 (8 with and 18 without previous kidney transplants). Infections occurred in 19/57 cases (33%) in which exocrine secretions were managed by enteric drainage, in 5/15 cases (33%) managed by free drainage into the peritoneal cavity, in 1/39 cases (3%) in which the duct was injected with a synthetic polymer, and in 1/2 cases (50%) in which a pancreaticocystostomy was performed. The organisms @entity526 , enterococci, bacteroides, and several anaerobes were cultured from the @entity1 with enteric drainage, while staphylococci were associated with the open duct drainage. @entity364 with Candida were found with all techniques. Surgical and percutaneous drainage was performed in all @entity1 . In 14 @entity1 , functioning and, in four @entity1 , nonfunctioning grafts were removed. In five @entity1 , the @entity281 resolved while the grafts were functioning, and these @entity1 are currently alive and well. Seven of the 26 @entity1 with @entity281 died (27% mortality rate), five after graft removal and two with the graft still in place (1 with and 1 without function), five in the open-duct, and one each in the enteric and urinary drainage categories. In the 90 cases without @entity1320 , only six @entity1 died (4 cardiovascular, 1 anaphylaxis, 1 @entity2803 ), for a mortality rate of 7%.

title: XXXX in pancreas transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['Intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the study was assessment of the heterogeneity of stage IIIA @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and the late results of surgical treatment. METHODS: The study group consisted of 83 consecutive @entity1 discharged between 1988 and 1992 undergoing radical operative treatment for stage IIIA @entity1149 . @entity957 was diagnosed in 54 (65.1%) @entity1 , @entity420 in 23 (27.7%), @entity152 in 2 (2.4%) and mixed (i.e. adenoid-squamous type) in 4 (4.8%). In respect of pTNM staging, 19 (22.9%) @entity1 had T3N1M0, 35 (42.2%) had T2N2M0 and 29 (34.9%) had T3N2M0. RESULTS: Overall, 13.3% of @entity1 with stage IIIA @entity1149 survived 5 years following the operation and 8.7% survived 10 years. Analysis of follow-up study indicated that this group was heterogenic. In T3N1M0 group 26.3% survived 5 years following the operation, in T2N2M0 group 14.3%, in T3N2M0 group 3.5% (P = 0.015). Of 23 @entity1 with N2 disease and no @entity3 in hilar lymph nodes ('skip' @entity3 ), 26.1% survived 5 years, whereas none of 41 @entity1 with @entity3 spreading by continuity survived (P = 0.0015). If mediastinal lymph node @entity3 were diagnosed in one level, 25% @entity1 survived 5 years, but if two or more levels were affected, 2.3% only (P = 0.0214): 85.7% of @entity1 with well-differentiated (G1) @entity5 survived 5 years and 62.0% 10 years, whereas among those with moderately @entity5 , 11.8% and 8.8%, respectively. No @entity1 survived 5 years after resection of poorly differentiated (G3) @entity5 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity1 operated for stage IIIA @entity1149 are a heterogeneous group, which makes it difficult to predict late results. (2) @entity1 operated for stage IIIA @entity1149 have a better prognosis if @entity3 are discovered in level one mediastinal lymph nodes, particularly in the superior part of mediastinum, or if 'skip' @entity3 (pulmonary hilus unaffected) are discovered, as compared to those with N2 disease. (3) Poor histologic differentiation of the @entity5 is a bad prognostic factor.

title: Heterogeneity of stage IIIA XXXX ( @entity1149 ) and evaluation of late results of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated (G2) tumours', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the study was assessment of the heterogeneity of stage IIIA @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and the late results of surgical treatment. METHODS: The study group consisted of 83 consecutive @entity1 discharged between 1988 and 1992 undergoing radical operative treatment for stage IIIA @entity1149 . @entity957 was diagnosed in 54 (65.1%) @entity1 , @entity420 in 23 (27.7%), @entity152 in 2 (2.4%) and mixed (i.e. adenoid-squamous type) in 4 (4.8%). In respect of pTNM staging, 19 (22.9%) @entity1 had T3N1M0, 35 (42.2%) had T2N2M0 and 29 (34.9%) had T3N2M0. RESULTS: Overall, 13.3% of @entity1 with stage IIIA @entity1149 survived 5 years following the operation and 8.7% survived 10 years. Analysis of follow-up study indicated that this group was heterogenic. In T3N1M0 group 26.3% survived 5 years following the operation, in T2N2M0 group 14.3%, in T3N2M0 group 3.5% (P = 0.015). Of 23 @entity1 with N2 disease and no @entity3 in hilar lymph nodes ('skip' @entity3 ), 26.1% survived 5 years, whereas none of 41 @entity1 with @entity3 spreading by continuity survived (P = 0.0015). If mediastinal lymph node @entity3 were diagnosed in one level, 25% @entity1 survived 5 years, but if two or more levels were affected, 2.3% only (P = 0.0214): 85.7% of @entity1 with well-differentiated (G1) @entity5 survived 5 years and 62.0% 10 years, whereas among those with moderately @entity5 , 11.8% and 8.8%, respectively. No @entity1 survived 5 years after resection of poorly differentiated (G3) @entity5 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity1 operated for stage IIIA @entity1149 are a heterogeneous group, which makes it difficult to predict late results. (2) @entity1 operated for stage IIIA @entity1149 have a better prognosis if @entity3 are discovered in level one mediastinal lymph nodes, particularly in the superior part of mediastinum, or if 'skip' @entity3 (pulmonary hilus unaffected) are discovered, as compared to those with N2 disease. (3) Poor histologic differentiation of the @entity5 is a bad prognostic factor.

title: Heterogeneity of stage IIIA @entity1149 ( XXXX ) and evaluation of late results of surgical treatment.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: @entity513 in situ (DCIS) represents a spectrum of heterogenous disease that accounts for approximately one fifth of all screen-detected @entity0 and is considered as a precursor of invasive @entity0 if left untreated (35-50% risk). DCIS can be treated by total mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction, local excision (LE) plus adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or LE alone. Total mastectomy is associated with low rates of local recurrence (1.4%) and @entity0 -specific mortality (0.59%). Three recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that adjuvant RT after LE of localized DCIS significantly reduces the incidence of local recurrence. However these trials did not identify any subgroups of @entity1 where RT could be safely omitted. Retrospective studies suggest that RT can be safely omitted after adequate LE (margin width > or =1 cm) of small (< 15 mm), non-high grade DCIS not associated with @entity39 . Further RCTs are required to validate these retrospective findings, with an emphasis on standardized and meticulous tissue processing and pathological evaluation. The role of adjuvant @entity440 in the management of DCIS continues to evolve. Formal axillary dissection is not appropriate for DCIS, however, the potential role of the sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in selected high risk cases requires further evaluation. The International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-II) trial aims to evaluate the potential role of third generation aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone-sensitive DCIS.Future research will focus on the relevance of gene expression profiling, proteomics, Laser therapy and mammary ductoscopy to the management of DCIS.

title: Towards optimal management of XXXX in situ of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity517 oncogene has been implicated in the processes of normal cell proliferation and differentiation. Elevated levels of @entity517 mRNA and its gene product (p62c-myc), have been detected in a variety of solid @entity5 and cultured cel lines. Its precise role in normal cell function and in neoplastic transformation and progression has yet to be elucidated. We have used a monoclonal antibody, raised by peptide immunisation, to determine the distribution by immunoperoxidase staining of the @entity517 oncogene product in archival specimens of @entity1586 . Samples from 42 @entity1 with @entity694 , 24 with benign @entity1127 and 15 normal colon biopsies were examined. Normal colon revealed maximum staining in the mid-zone of the crypts, corresponding to the zone of differentiation and maturation. The staining was predominantly cytoplasmic. @entity6523 revealed the most intense pattern of staining in areas of @entity6349 change. @entity5 showed a wide range of staining. Well differentiated @entity5 contained more cytoplasmic p62c-myc than poorly differentiated @entity5 . These findings suggest that the @entity517 oncogene product may play an important role in the evolution of @entity694 .

title: Detection of the @entity517 oncogene product in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasia', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps and carcinomas']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps and carcinomas']


abstract: The @entity517 oncogene has been implicated in the processes of normal cell proliferation and differentiation. Elevated levels of @entity517 mRNA and its gene product (p62c-myc), have been detected in a variety of solid @entity5 and cultured cel lines. Its precise role in normal cell function and in neoplastic transformation and progression has yet to be elucidated. We have used a monoclonal antibody, raised by peptide immunisation, to determine the distribution by immunoperoxidase staining of the @entity517 oncogene product in archival specimens of @entity1586 . Samples from 42 @entity1 with @entity694 , 24 with benign @entity1127 and 15 normal colon biopsies were examined. Normal colon revealed maximum staining in the mid-zone of the crypts, corresponding to the zone of differentiation and maturation. The staining was predominantly cytoplasmic. @entity6523 revealed the most intense pattern of staining in areas of @entity6349 change. @entity5 showed a wide range of staining. Well differentiated @entity5 contained more cytoplasmic p62c-myc than poorly differentiated @entity5 . These findings suggest that the @entity517 oncogene product may play an important role in the evolution of @entity694 .

title: Detection of the XXXX oncogene product in @entity1586 .

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-myc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate therapeutic outcome of @entity5 treated with chemotherapy alone or combined with radiation therapy with different doses. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 128 @entity5 @entity1 who were treated with three different ways of treatment, from February 1988 to March 1998 in @entity5 Hospital. All @entity1 were pathologically proved. Forty-two @entity1 received chemotherapy alone (C), 48 @entity1 were treated by interdigitating chemoradiotherapy (IDG) and other 38 @entity1 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CON). For thoracic radiation, 20 @entity1 received a dose of  <=45 Gy, 23 >= 60 Gy, and 43 > 45 Gy but < 60 Gy . RESULTS: The 3-year survival rates were 23.7%, 20.8% and 4.8% in the CON, the IDG and the C groups respectively. There was a significant difference between the CON and the C groups ( P < 0.05), as well as between the IDG and the C groups ( P < 0.05). There was no remarkable difference between the CON and the IDG groups ( P > 0.05). Loco-regional recurrence rate was significantly higher in  <=45 Gy group (55.0%) than that in >= 60 Gy group (8.7%)( P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The chemotherapy combined radiotherapy may improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 . Dose of thoracic radiation might be related to the loco-regional recurrence.

title: [Long-term results of chemotherapy alone or combined with radiation therapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['limited stage small cell lung cancer', 'limited-stage small cell lung cancer', 'Heilongjiang Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['limited-stage small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The anatomic location of the adenoid implies that this organ is the first site of contact with inhaled antigens. Depending on the expression of different isoforms of the @entity1195 molecules, T cells can be divided into naive (CD45RA(+)) and memory (CD45R0(+)) cells, the latter representing T cells that have already been exposed to antigens. The purpose of this study was to analyse the lymphoid cells' subsets in adenoids and relate the findings to the age. The analysed material was adenoid tissue removed on the grounds of @entity1184 from 22 @entity1 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups: up to 5 and above 5 years of age. The analyses of the lymphocytes subpopulations in the adenoid were performed in an EPICX XL (Coulter) flow cytometry. The results are expressed as the percentage of positively labeled cells ( @entity404 (+), @entity405 (+), @entity404 (+)/CDB(+), @entity404 (+)CD45RA(+), @entity405 (+)CD45RA(+), @entity404 (+)CD45R0(+), @entity405 (+)CD45R0(+)). The percentage of @entity404 (+)/CD45R0(+) in @entity1 up to 5 years of age was significantly lower than in older @entity1 . We found the positive regression between age and the percentage of @entity404 (+) cells was CD45R0(+) (r=0.64). There were no statistically significant differences between study subgroups for the other parameters. The positive regression for @entity404 (+)/CD45R0(+) cells and age may result from increased stimulation by bacterial, viral and other antigens. Our results indicate that the adenoid have an important role in the development of an immunological memory among younger @entity1 .

title: Naive and memory T cells in hypertrophied adenoids in XXXX according to age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: During 11 acute open-chest experiments with @entity235 , intramyocardial pressure was measured in the anterior wall of the left ventricle with a miniature pressure transducer mounted on a 1.6 mm diameter needle. Pressures were measured at the subendocardium (+/- 10 mm), midwall (+/- 7.5 mm), and subepicardium (+/- 5 mm). Simultaneous recordings of left ventricular pressure and two measures of intramyocardial pressure were made during control, acute @entity1284 , and after administration of @entity1855 . Maximal amplitude of the subendocardial pressure was higher and the maximal amplitude of the subepicardial pressure was lower than maximal left ventricular pressure for all interventions (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01). During @entity1284 left ventricular pressure increased more than intramyocardial pressure (left ventricular pressure 34%, subendocardial pressure 6%, midwall pressure 14%, and subepicardial pressure 14%). After the administration of @entity1855 intramyocardial pressure decreased more than left ventricular pressure (left ventricular pressure 16%, subendocardial pressure 26%, midwall pressure 13%, subepicardial pressure 32%). Positive and negative first derivatives of subendocardial pressure were higher than those of left ventricular pressure during control and after @entity1855 (between p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001). Positive and negative first derivatives of subepicardial pressure were lower than those of left ventricular pressure during all interventions (p less than 0.001). The timing of the C-point (onset of mechanical contraction) and the positive first derivative of all tracings was synchronous within 8 msec in all interventions. The 0-point (crosspoint of the tangent to the diastolic plateau and the tangent to the relaxation slope; early diastole) of intramyocardial pressure came later than the 0-point of left ventricular pressure, indicating longer relaxation times in the @entity1562 (subendocardial pressure: control, p less than 0.001, volume, p less than 0.05, @entity1855 , no significance; midwall pressure: between p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001; subepicardial pressure: between p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001).

title: Intramyocardial pressure in the XXXX heart. An experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIM: Surgery remains the main treatment of @entity189 . Poor long-term survival mandates the study of other techniques. An original treatment scheme with preoperative radiotherapy and @entity868 as a radiosensitizer is reported here. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1988, MRRC RAMS carried out a prospective clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5 days) in combination with @entity868 (given orally, 3 times, 5 gms per metre(2)). Of 91 @entity1 who received preoperative radiotherapy, 67 @entity1 were operated on with curative intent and were eligible for further analysis. RESULTS: Acute gastro-intestinal @entity137 was significant but manageable without surgery delay in most cases. There were 4 postoperative deaths. Overall 5-year, 10-year survival and median survival were 46%, 36% and 46 months. Serosal and nodal involvement were the most significant adverse prognostic factors. Tumours confined to the gastric wall, node negative cases, middle and distal location, differentiated @entity5 , female sex and age more than 50 years were associated with relatively good long-term results: overall 5-year survival was 50% or better, overall 10-year survival was 40% or better. CONCLUSION: The combined treatment showed significant but manageable acute @entity137 . The long-term results seem encouraging and support further investigations in multimodal treatment of @entity356 .

title: Preoperative radiotherapy in combination with @entity868 for resectable XXXX : long-term results of a phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stomach carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: AIM: Surgery remains the main treatment of @entity189 . Poor long-term survival mandates the study of other techniques. An original treatment scheme with preoperative radiotherapy and @entity868 as a radiosensitizer is reported here. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1988, MRRC RAMS carried out a prospective clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5 days) in combination with @entity868 (given orally, 3 times, 5 gms per metre(2)). Of 91 @entity1 who received preoperative radiotherapy, 67 @entity1 were operated on with curative intent and were eligible for further analysis. RESULTS: Acute gastro-intestinal @entity137 was significant but manageable without surgery delay in most cases. There were 4 postoperative deaths. Overall 5-year, 10-year survival and median survival were 46%, 36% and 46 months. Serosal and nodal involvement were the most significant adverse prognostic factors. Tumours confined to the gastric wall, node negative cases, middle and distal location, differentiated @entity5 , female sex and age more than 50 years were associated with relatively good long-term results: overall 5-year survival was 50% or better, overall 10-year survival was 40% or better. CONCLUSION: The combined treatment showed significant but manageable acute @entity137 . The long-term results seem encouraging and support further investigations in multimodal treatment of @entity356 .

title: Preoperative radiotherapy in combination with XXXX for resectable @entity356 : long-term results of a phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: @entity1201 , a @entity102 of @entity1 , is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium @entity4430 . Infection with @entity4430 affects the peripheral nerves and the dermis, causing an accumulation of macrophages and other immune cells at the infected sites. Host resistance to the bacterium determines the extent of local inflammatory reactions and its resulting damage to the affected tissues. In @entity66 little if any cellular immunity develops. Bacterial multiplication is uncontrolled and @entity4430 disseminate throughout most of the dermis. In @entity66 , marked cellular immunity is observed and bacterial growth and dissemination are controlled. The @entity308 of cellular immunity in @entity1203 @entity1 is not fully understood. Since @entity4430 cannot be grown in vitro, and a suitable animal model has not yet been developed, the study of host immunity to the pathogen is limited primarily to investigations of the cutaneous lesions of @entity1 and to in vitro responses of the peripheral blood leukocytes to @entity4430 . While the blood monocytes of @entity1201 @entity1 appear to be activated normally by lymphokines, T cell proliferation and production of lymphokines in response to @entity4430 are impaired in @entity1203 @entity1 . Attempts to restore responsiveness in cells from these @entity1 have been unsuccessful in our hands. The addition of exogenous @entity1199 to leukocyte cultures does not appear to restore responsiveness to @entity4430 in cells from nonresponsive @entity1 . Rather, some enhancement, often not antigen specific, is observed in cells from @entity1 with a preexisting response. Similarly, depletion of monocytes does not restore responsiveness to @entity4430 in nonresponder @entity1 , but a nonspecific enhancement of proliferation is observed in monocyte-free cultures from @entity1 that do respond to @entity4430 . Thus, the defect in @entity1203 @entity1 does not result from a simple lack of @entity1199 production or suppression by monocytes and/or their products. Possibly, there is a low level or lack of @entity4430 -responsive T cells in the circulation of these @entity1 . Attempts to overcome the defect in immunity of @entity1 with @entity1203 by immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy are being investigated. This approach has become of major importance since the development of widespread drug resistance to @entity3761 as well as to the other chemotherapeutic agents used to control @entity1201 .

title: The immunobiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy', 'lepromatous', 'lepromatous nonresponder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoid disease', 'lepromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Leprosy', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: The SufI protein and the @entity6633 reductase (TorA) are the two best-characterized prototype proteins exported by the @entity526 TAT system. Whereas SufI does not contain cofactors, TorA is a molybdo-enzyme and the acquisition of the molybdo-cofactor is a prerequisite for its translocation. The overproduction of each protein leads to the saturation of its translocation, but it was unknown if the overproduction of one substrate could saturate the TAT apparatus and block thus the translocation of other TAT substrates. Here, we showed that the overproduction of SufI saturated only its own translocation, but had no effect of the translocation of TorA and other TAT substrate analyzed. To dissect the saturation mechanism of TorA translocation, we shortened by about one-third of the TorA protein and removed nine consensus molybdo-cofactor-binding ligands. Like SufI, the truncated TorA (TorA502) did not contain cofactor and would not compete with the full length TorA for molybdo-cofactor acquisition. The overproduction of TorA502 completely inhibited the export of the full length TorA and @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) reductase, but had no effect on the translocation of SufI, @entity1507 -induced @entity5189 dehydrogenase and hydrogenase-2. Importantly, deletion of the twin- @entity369 signal peptide of TorA502 abolished the inhibitory effect. Moreover, the overproduction of the TorA signal peptide fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP) was sufficient to block the TorA translocation. These results demonstrated that the twin- @entity369 signal peptide of the TorA protein specifically inhibits the translocation of a subset of TAT substrates, probably at the step of their targeting to the TAT apparatus.

title: Specific inhibition of the translocation of a subset of XXXX TAT substrates by the TorA signal peptide.

entities_list: @entity6633 :: ('MESH:C005855', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylamine N-oxide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: A well-controlled comparative study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy, safety and usefulness of the @entity16397 antibiotic @entity5646 ( @entity5647 ) in complicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) using @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) as the control drug. @entity1 with complicated @entity293 due to Gram-negative bacteria were examined. However, in @entity325 , the cases caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were also examined. Both drugs were administered 1 g, twice a day by intravenous drip infusion for 5 days. Overall clinical efficacy was evaluated by the criteria proposed by the @entity293 committee in Japan. Of the total 394 cases, the clinical efficacy was evaluated for 152 cases in the @entity5647 group and 143 cases in the @entity5579 group excluding 99 cases of exclusion or dropout. There was no statistically significant difference in the back ground characteristics between the 2 groups. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 55.3% for @entity5647 and 55.2% for @entity5579 with difference not significant. As for clinical efficacy, in the monomicrobial infection after postprostatectomy ( @entity57735 ), @entity5647 was superior to @entity5579 (P less than 0.05), whereas in the @entity325 without indwelling catheter ( @entity72429 ), @entity5579 was superior to @entity5647 (P less than 0.1). The overall bacteriological eradication rate was 77.2% for @entity5647 and 74.5% for @entity5579 . For Gram-negative bacteria only the eradication rate for @entity5647 (83.2%) was superior to that for @entity5579 (74.6%). This was probably due to the stability of @entity5647 to beta-lactamase. Side effects were observed in 3 cases out of 201 in the @entity5647 group and 5 cases out of 189 in the @entity5579 group. No severe abnormal laboratory finding was observed in any group; there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Consequently, @entity5647 was judged to be an antibiotic with clinical usefulness equal to, or even superior to that of @entity5579 .

title: [Well-controlled comparative study on @entity5646 and XXXX in the treatment of complicated @entity293 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity16397 :: ('CHEBI:50695', 'Chemical') :: ['monobactam']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infection', 'polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: A well-controlled comparative study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy, safety and usefulness of the @entity16397 antibiotic @entity5646 ( @entity5647 ) in complicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) using @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) as the control drug. @entity1 with complicated @entity293 due to Gram-negative bacteria were examined. However, in @entity325 , the cases caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were also examined. Both drugs were administered 1 g, twice a day by intravenous drip infusion for 5 days. Overall clinical efficacy was evaluated by the criteria proposed by the @entity293 committee in Japan. Of the total 394 cases, the clinical efficacy was evaluated for 152 cases in the @entity5647 group and 143 cases in the @entity5579 group excluding 99 cases of exclusion or dropout. There was no statistically significant difference in the back ground characteristics between the 2 groups. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 55.3% for @entity5647 and 55.2% for @entity5579 with difference not significant. As for clinical efficacy, in the monomicrobial infection after postprostatectomy ( @entity57735 ), @entity5647 was superior to @entity5579 (P less than 0.05), whereas in the @entity325 without indwelling catheter ( @entity72429 ), @entity5579 was superior to @entity5647 (P less than 0.1). The overall bacteriological eradication rate was 77.2% for @entity5647 and 74.5% for @entity5579 . For Gram-negative bacteria only the eradication rate for @entity5647 (83.2%) was superior to that for @entity5579 (74.6%). This was probably due to the stability of @entity5647 to beta-lactamase. Side effects were observed in 3 cases out of 201 in the @entity5647 group and 5 cases out of 189 in the @entity5579 group. No severe abnormal laboratory finding was observed in any group; there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Consequently, @entity5647 was judged to be an antibiotic with clinical usefulness equal to, or even superior to that of @entity5579 .

title: [Well-controlled comparative study on @entity5646 and @entity2891 in the treatment of complicated XXXX ].

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: A well-controlled comparative study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy, safety and usefulness of the @entity16397 antibiotic @entity5646 ( @entity5647 ) in complicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) using @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) as the control drug. @entity1 with complicated @entity293 due to Gram-negative bacteria were examined. However, in @entity325 , the cases caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were also examined. Both drugs were administered 1 g, twice a day by intravenous drip infusion for 5 days. Overall clinical efficacy was evaluated by the criteria proposed by the @entity293 committee in Japan. Of the total 394 cases, the clinical efficacy was evaluated for 152 cases in the @entity5647 group and 143 cases in the @entity5579 group excluding 99 cases of exclusion or dropout. There was no statistically significant difference in the back ground characteristics between the 2 groups. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 55.3% for @entity5647 and 55.2% for @entity5579 with difference not significant. As for clinical efficacy, in the monomicrobial infection after postprostatectomy ( @entity57735 ), @entity5647 was superior to @entity5579 (P less than 0.05), whereas in the @entity325 without indwelling catheter ( @entity72429 ), @entity5579 was superior to @entity5647 (P less than 0.1). The overall bacteriological eradication rate was 77.2% for @entity5647 and 74.5% for @entity5579 . For Gram-negative bacteria only the eradication rate for @entity5647 (83.2%) was superior to that for @entity5579 (74.6%). This was probably due to the stability of @entity5647 to beta-lactamase. Side effects were observed in 3 cases out of 201 in the @entity5647 group and 5 cases out of 189 in the @entity5579 group. No severe abnormal laboratory finding was observed in any group; there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Consequently, @entity5647 was judged to be an antibiotic with clinical usefulness equal to, or even superior to that of @entity5579 .

title: [Well-controlled comparative study on XXXX and @entity2891 in the treatment of complicated @entity293 ].

answer: @entity5646 :: (MESH:D001398,Chemical) :: ['aztreonam']


abstract: The orofacial function in 20 @entity1 with Down syndrome was evaluated after 4 years of palatal plate therapy in 9 of the @entity1 ( @entity2017 ); the remaining 11 were untreated age-matched controls (CG). All 20 @entity1 had received continuous orofacial physical therapy from their speech therapist during the treatment period. A clinical extra- and intraoral examination was performed, including oral motor function, facial expression, the occurrence of @entity3232 , and @entity1184 tonsils. A questionnaire requesting data on breathing patterns, drooling, eating problems, and communicative preferences was answered by the parents. An articulation assessment was performed by two speech and language pathologists blinded to the treatment status of the @entity1 in order to find out whether the palatal plate had stimulated to improved oral speech behavior. The results for oral motor function showed significant differences between the groups in favor of the @entity2017 for the summary variables for: visible tongue (P < 0.01), visible tongue during non-speech periods (P < 0.05), and lip-rounding during spontaneous speech (P < 0.01). During non-speech time, the @entity2017 had their mouths open significantly less than the CG (P < 0.05). Expressivity of facial expression on a visual analog scale in the @entity2017 scored 75.6 +/- 13.3 compared to 51.8 +/- 25.7 in the CG (P < 0.05). The intraoral examination showed that 6/9 @entity1 in the @entity2017 and 7/11 in the CG had enlarged tonsils, resulting in more than 50% inter-tonsillary space reduction. Despite these findings, and no significant differences between the groups with respect to mouth/ nose breathing, nocturnal snoring was significantly less in the @entity2017 than in the CG (P < 0.05), according to the parental questionnaire. After 4 years of palatal plate therapy, orofacial function had improved significantly in the 9 @entity2017 @entity1 and specifically in terms of tongue position and lip activity.

title: A four-year longitudinal study of palatal plate therapy in XXXX with Down syndrome: effects on oral motor function, articulation and communication preferences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusions']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the conjunctive use of an extramedullary device and the bridge-plating technique in the treatment of @entity173 with major extension into the femoral shaft. METHODS: A Winquist criteria was used to classify 3 @entity174 patterns. The type 3 @entity174 were excluded from this study because of great extent of the @entity174 zone for which the bridge-plating technique is not indicated. There were 14 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 , with a mean age of 49 (range, 17-76) years. A dynamic hip screw (DHS) with a long side plate was chosen as the fixation device because of the small learning curve. RESULTS: The @entity174 united at a mean of 7.6 (range, 3-15) months postoperatively. Mobility was scored at 9 points in 18 @entity1 and 6 points in 2 @entity1 (Mobility score of Parker _ Palmer). @entity158 was absent in 14, mild in 3, and moderate in 3 @entity1 . Two limbs were shortened by 1 and 1.5 cm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that DHS fixation using the bridge-plating technique leads to union of all comminuted Winquist types 1 and 2 @entity174 without @entity532 , and it is a valuable alternative to new intramedullary devices. This procedure offers the significant advantage of being less technically demanding.

title: Bridge-plating osteosynthesis of 20 XXXX with dynamic hip screw.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['major complications']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted subtrochanteric fractures']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['comminuted subtrochanteric fractures']


abstract: A field trial has been carried out in Sudan to determine the optimum dosage regimen for the use of Oltipraz in the treatment of @entity380 in schoolchildren. A total of 294 @entity1 were treated in six groups to test 15 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg, using a single oral dose and a divided dose taken some 6 h apart. The @entity1 were interviewed before and then 24 h after treatment to determine the prevalence of drug-induced side-effects. Most of the @entity1 having complained of @entity490 before treatment, insisted that they suffered further @entity490 as a result of the drug. Four @entity1 complained of fingertip @entity158 . The latter side-effect had not previously been recorded in Sudan and, with the fingertip @entity158 , is a cause for concern. There was no difference in the cumulative failure rates between the single and the divided doses, but there was a significant improvement in the efficacy from the 15 mg/kg to the higher doses. The cumulative failure rate increased with higher pretreatment egg count. However at each level the reduction in egg count among failures at the 5-week follow-up, was significant at the 95% probability level. The efficacy of the drug was satisfactory when used at 20 or 25 mg/kg, but the strange side-effects need to be explained before any further use can be recommended.

title: Dose-finding trial using Oltipraz to treat schoolchildren infected with XXXX in Gezira, Sudan.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and 17 of blurred vision', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2167 from antimalarials is a well publicised cause of @entity2319 and a great deal of time and resources are spent assessing it in relation to new drugs. The effect of the @entity311 parasite itself on hearing is, however, poorly documented and most evidence is anecdotal. This paper aims to collate existing evidence of this association. METHODS: Two systematic literature searches were performed on Ovid Medline, first for ' @entity311 ' and ' @entity393 ' or ' @entity393 ' or ' @entity2319 ', and secondly for ' @entity16 '. The articles were then individually studied for relevance. RESULTS: @entity311 has been implicated as a rare cause of @entity393 in various studies, but recommendations and hypotheses have not been taken seriously or investigated. Searches also returned numerous studies of @entity16 after @entity6197 , a small proportion of which observed hearing impairments on follow-up. However, no attempt was made to distinguish between treatment and disease as the cause. A few antimalarial drug trials which assessed hearing before treatment found unexplained @entity393 which improved with elimination of the parasite. CONCLUSION: Evidence from this review suggests that the @entity9231 parasite is a potential cause of @entity393 . @entity311 is a disease of such high prevalence that even if only a small proportion of survivors develop this impairment the effects on @entity1 's education could be detrimental. More attention should be focussed on investigating this association as the clinical and pathophysiological implications are potentially considerable.

title: XXXX : @entity311 as a forgotten cause.

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['Ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ["cerebral malaria' and 'neurologic' or 'neurological' or 'neurocognitive sequelae", 'neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['Deafness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2167 from antimalarials is a well publicised cause of @entity2319 and a great deal of time and resources are spent assessing it in relation to new drugs. The effect of the @entity311 parasite itself on hearing is, however, poorly documented and most evidence is anecdotal. This paper aims to collate existing evidence of this association. METHODS: Two systematic literature searches were performed on Ovid Medline, first for ' @entity311 ' and ' @entity393 ' or ' @entity393 ' or ' @entity2319 ', and secondly for ' @entity16 '. The articles were then individually studied for relevance. RESULTS: @entity311 has been implicated as a rare cause of @entity393 in various studies, but recommendations and hypotheses have not been taken seriously or investigated. Searches also returned numerous studies of @entity16 after @entity6197 , a small proportion of which observed hearing impairments on follow-up. However, no attempt was made to distinguish between treatment and disease as the cause. A few antimalarial drug trials which assessed hearing before treatment found unexplained @entity393 which improved with elimination of the parasite. CONCLUSION: Evidence from this review suggests that the @entity9231 parasite is a potential cause of @entity393 . @entity311 is a disease of such high prevalence that even if only a small proportion of survivors develop this impairment the effects on @entity1 's education could be detrimental. More attention should be focussed on investigating this association as the clinical and pathophysiological implications are potentially considerable.

title: @entity2319 : XXXX as a forgotten cause.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To evaluate the pregnancy rate after laparoscopic treatment of @entity46 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 47 infertile @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic treatment of @entity46 . RESULTS: rAFS stage was as follows: 11% of @entity1 had Stage I, 11% Stage II, 53.3% Stage III and 24.4% Stage IV. The mean duration of follow-up was 48.5 +/- 18.44 months. The overall pregnancy rate was 64.4%. Eighteen out of 26 @entity1 (69%) became pregnant within six months after laparoscopy, 23% at 12 months, 11% within 24 months, and 11% after two years (p < 0.01). @entity4134 and tubal status significantly affected the pregnancy rate. No differences were found regarding the stage of disease and the presence of @entity43 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic treatment of @entity46 enhances fertility and the pregnancy rate is highest within the first six months after surgery. @entity4134 and tubal conditions influence the reproductive outcome.

title: Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['Adnexal adhesions']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to understand the clinical and angiographic outcomes of dissections left after drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Second-generation DCB may be an alternative to stents in selected populations for the treatment of native coronary lesions. However, the use of these devices may be hampered by a certain risk of acute vessel recoil or residual coronary dissection. Moreover, stenting after DCB has shown limited efficacy. Little is known about when a non-flow-limiting dissection is left after DCB angioplasty. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study whose aim was to investigate the outcome of a consecutive series of @entity1 with native @entity453 treated with second-generation DCB and residual coronary dissection at 2 Italian centers. We evaluated @entity1 clinical conditions at 1 and 9 months, and angiographic follow up was undertaken at 6 months. RESULTS: Between July 2012 and July 2014, 156 @entity1 were treated with DCB for native @entity453 . Fifty-two @entity1 had a final dissection, 4 of which underwent prosthesis implantation and 48 were left untreated and underwent angiographic follow-up after 201 days (interquartile range 161 to 250 days). The dissections were all type A to C, and none determined an impaired distal flow. Complete vessel healing at angiography was observed in 45 @entity1 (93.8%), whereas 3 @entity1 had persistent but uncomplicated dissections, and 3 had binary restenosis (6.2%). Late lumen loss was 0.14 mm (-0.14 to 0.42). Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 11 @entity1 in the entire cohort and in 4 of the dissection cohort (7.2% vs. 8.1%; p  = 0.48). We observed 8 and 3 @entity75 revascularizations, respectively (5.3% vs. 6.2%; p  = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of consecutive @entity1 treated with new-generation DCB and left with a final dissection, this strategy of revascularization seemed associated with the sealing of most of dissections and without significant neointimal @entity1373 .

title: Effect of Drug-Coated Balloons in  Native  XXXX Left  With a Dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: @entity5305 ( @entity18125 ) (3 g/day) and placebo were compared as an add-on to standard therapy in therapy-resistant @entity302 @entity1 using a double-blind crossover design with randomized treatment allocation. Twenty-three @entity1 entered the trial, with four dropping out due to either increased @entity410 frequency following the cross-over from GVG to placebo (n = 1), intolerance to GVG therapy (n = 2), or poor @entity410 record (n = 1). Of the 19 @entity1 who completed the study, 17 had partial @entity410 , eight of whom had secondary generalization and two who had primary generalized @entity410 . Compared with placebo, GVG was associated with a significant reduction in @entity410 frequency (p less than 0.01), with 11 of 19 @entity1 experiencing greater than 50% reduction in weekly @entity410 occurrence, two showing a 25-50% reduction, four unchanged, and two showing an increase in @entity410 . Global efficacy ratings were greater in the GVG period for 15 @entity1 (p less than 0.05) compared with one in whom there was no period difference and two in whom ratings were higher in the placebo period. Fourteen of the 19 @entity1 indicated a preference for the GVG period. Adverse effects observed during GVG treatment were generally mild and consisted of drowsiness, @entity911 , @entity390 , @entity146 , and @entity1142 . No clinically significant alterations in laboratory test results were observed. No treatment-related changes in plasma concentrations of concomitant antiepileptic drugs were noted. These results confirm the antiepileptic efficacy of oral GVG in refractory @entity302 .

title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity5305 ( @entity5305 ) in drug-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['Vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptics']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity5305 ( @entity18125 ) (3 g/day) and placebo were compared as an add-on to standard therapy in therapy-resistant @entity302 @entity1 using a double-blind crossover design with randomized treatment allocation. Twenty-three @entity1 entered the trial, with four dropping out due to either increased @entity410 frequency following the cross-over from GVG to placebo (n = 1), intolerance to GVG therapy (n = 2), or poor @entity410 record (n = 1). Of the 19 @entity1 who completed the study, 17 had partial @entity410 , eight of whom had secondary generalization and two who had primary generalized @entity410 . Compared with placebo, GVG was associated with a significant reduction in @entity410 frequency (p less than 0.01), with 11 of 19 @entity1 experiencing greater than 50% reduction in weekly @entity410 occurrence, two showing a 25-50% reduction, four unchanged, and two showing an increase in @entity410 . Global efficacy ratings were greater in the GVG period for 15 @entity1 (p less than 0.05) compared with one in whom there was no period difference and two in whom ratings were higher in the placebo period. Fourteen of the 19 @entity1 indicated a preference for the GVG period. Adverse effects observed during GVG treatment were generally mild and consisted of drowsiness, @entity911 , @entity390 , @entity146 , and @entity1142 . No clinically significant alterations in laboratory test results were observed. No treatment-related changes in plasma concentrations of concomitant antiepileptic drugs were noted. These results confirm the antiepileptic efficacy of oral GVG in refractory @entity302 .

title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of XXXX ( @entity5305 ) in drug-resistant @entity302 .

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['vigabatrin']


abstract: @entity5305 ( @entity18125 ) (3 g/day) and placebo were compared as an add-on to standard therapy in therapy-resistant @entity302 @entity1 using a double-blind crossover design with randomized treatment allocation. Twenty-three @entity1 entered the trial, with four dropping out due to either increased @entity410 frequency following the cross-over from GVG to placebo (n = 1), intolerance to GVG therapy (n = 2), or poor @entity410 record (n = 1). Of the 19 @entity1 who completed the study, 17 had partial @entity410 , eight of whom had secondary generalization and two who had primary generalized @entity410 . Compared with placebo, GVG was associated with a significant reduction in @entity410 frequency (p less than 0.01), with 11 of 19 @entity1 experiencing greater than 50% reduction in weekly @entity410 occurrence, two showing a 25-50% reduction, four unchanged, and two showing an increase in @entity410 . Global efficacy ratings were greater in the GVG period for 15 @entity1 (p less than 0.05) compared with one in whom there was no period difference and two in whom ratings were higher in the placebo period. Fourteen of the 19 @entity1 indicated a preference for the GVG period. Adverse effects observed during GVG treatment were generally mild and consisted of drowsiness, @entity911 , @entity390 , @entity146 , and @entity1142 . No clinically significant alterations in laboratory test results were observed. No treatment-related changes in plasma concentrations of concomitant antiepileptic drugs were noted. These results confirm the antiepileptic efficacy of oral GVG in refractory @entity302 .

title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity5305 ( XXXX ) in drug-resistant @entity302 .

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['gamma-vinyl GABA']


abstract: @entity325 are frequently found in soft tissue infections of the lower extremities in @entity6 @entity1 . The relative susceptibility to and persistence of soft tissue polymicrobial infections of @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity19 using bacteria commonly found in clinical foot infections were studied. Subcutaneous abscesses were induced in three groups of @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity19 using: (1) @entity526 and enterococcus, (2) enterococcus and @entity2868 ( @entity2868 ), and (3) @entity526 and @entity2868 . Abscesses were removed at 1 and 2 wk for total colony counts. At 1 wk, there was a significantly greater bacterial growth in the abscesses of the @entity6 @entity19 compared with the nondiabetic @entity19 only in the group injected with enterococcus and @entity2868 . There were significantly higher colony counts in the @entity6 compared with the nondiabetic @entity19 in all three groups at 2 wk after injection of the bacteria. Two weeks after injection of inocula containing @entity2868 , both in combination with @entity526 or enterococcus, all nondiabetic @entity19 had eradicated @entity2868 from the abscesses, but significant numbers of @entity2868 persisted in the abscesses of the @entity6 @entity19 . In the @entity6 @entity19 , the presence of enterococci was more synergistic for growth of @entity2868 than was the presence of @entity526 . These studies demonstrate that the bacteria of polymicrobial soft tissue infections persist for a longer period of time in the @entity6 compared with the nondiabetic host. In addition, @entity2868 has increased pathogenicity in the @entity6 compared with the nondiabetic host, particularly in the presence of enterococci.

title: Persistence of polymicrobial abscesses in the poorly controlled XXXX host.

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Polymicrobial infections']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']