abstract: @entity9317 produced by @entity461 occurred in 4.5% of the @entity1 hospitalized in our service. Often was associated with duodenal or gastric peptic ulcer, @entity357 and with some other @entity4801 ; particularly with ambiasis. Forty four @entity1 were studied in whom the only cause to demonstrate or explain their symptomatology was the presence of @entity461 in the duodenum. The complaints disappeared after the administration of specific treatment. The clinical manifestations remained an atypic @entity1066 without defined rhythm or periodicity; however, @entity338 are frequently present. The physical exploration does not help to the diagnosis. Gastric acidity is normal. X-ray studies demonstrate irregular mucosa of the stomach and duodenum and some spastic waves. Duodenoscopy allows to watch inflammatory changes of the duodenal mucosa and rules out peptic ulcer. The diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration of the parasite, present in the fluid aspirated from the duodenum during the endoscopy.

title: [ XXXX caused by @entity461 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['heartburn and regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenitis']

answer: @entity9317 :: (MESH:D004382,Disease) :: ['Duodenitis']


abstract: @entity9317 produced by @entity461 occurred in 4.5% of the @entity1 hospitalized in our service. Often was associated with duodenal or gastric peptic ulcer, @entity357 and with some other @entity4801 ; particularly with ambiasis. Forty four @entity1 were studied in whom the only cause to demonstrate or explain their symptomatology was the presence of @entity461 in the duodenum. The complaints disappeared after the administration of specific treatment. The clinical manifestations remained an atypic @entity1066 without defined rhythm or periodicity; however, @entity338 are frequently present. The physical exploration does not help to the diagnosis. Gastric acidity is normal. X-ray studies demonstrate irregular mucosa of the stomach and duodenum and some spastic waves. Duodenoscopy allows to watch inflammatory changes of the duodenal mucosa and rules out peptic ulcer. The diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration of the parasite, present in the fluid aspirated from the duodenum during the endoscopy.

title: [ @entity9317 caused by XXXX ].

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia lamblia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) distribution is closely related to @entity209 risk. GH reduces visceral and total body fat mass and induces whole body insulin resistance. Aims: To assess the effects of total and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) distribution and derived adipokines on systemic insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in @entity2012 . @entity1 : Seventy adult @entity1 with active @entity2012 (43 males, age 49    14 years) were evaluated before and a subset (n = 30, 20 males) was evaluated after treatment. Outcome Measures: Body composition and @entity1386 , glucose metabolism parameters, lipids, @entity1851 , and selected adipokines ( @entity14288 , @entity37462 , @entity1254 , and leptin) were measured. Results: At baseline @entity1386 was positively associated with glucose metabolism parameters, and with lipids. GH, but not @entity442 , was negatively associated with all @entity1386 depots (visceral, trunk, limbs, and total) (0.41  <= r  <= 0.61, p < 0.001 for all) and positively associated with @entity14288 (r = 0.31, p = 0.013). Fat deposition after treatment was predominantly located on trunk and visceral depots. The lipid profile partially improved, with increases in HDL and @entity1675 and a decrease in Lp(a). @entity14288 decreased and @entity37462 increased. @entity1254 and leptin did not significantly change. The improvement in HOMA-IR was best predicted by the decreases in @entity442 and @entity14288 and the lack of trunk fat increase (R(2) = 0.59, p = 0.001). Conclusions: (1) @entity1386 was a metabolic risk factor for @entity1 with active @entity2012 ; (2) @entity14288 and @entity37462 were influenced by the disease activity but were not associated with @entity1386 mass; (3) fat deposition after treatment was predominantly on the trunk and visceral depots; and (4) insulin resistance decreased and the lipid profile partially improved with treatment.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Metabolic Risk in Newly Diagnosed @entity1 with XXXX is Related to Fat Distribution and Circulating Adipokines and Improves after Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adipose tissue', 'AT', 'VAT', 'Adipose tissue']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) distribution is closely related to @entity209 risk. GH reduces visceral and total body fat mass and induces whole body insulin resistance. Aims: To assess the effects of total and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) distribution and derived adipokines on systemic insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in @entity2012 . @entity1 : Seventy adult @entity1 with active @entity2012 (43 males, age 49    14 years) were evaluated before and a subset (n = 30, 20 males) was evaluated after treatment. Outcome Measures: Body composition and @entity1386 , glucose metabolism parameters, lipids, @entity1851 , and selected adipokines ( @entity14288 , @entity37462 , @entity1254 , and leptin) were measured. Results: At baseline @entity1386 was positively associated with glucose metabolism parameters, and with lipids. GH, but not @entity442 , was negatively associated with all @entity1386 depots (visceral, trunk, limbs, and total) (0.41  <= r  <= 0.61, p < 0.001 for all) and positively associated with @entity14288 (r = 0.31, p = 0.013). Fat deposition after treatment was predominantly located on trunk and visceral depots. The lipid profile partially improved, with increases in HDL and @entity1675 and a decrease in Lp(a). @entity14288 decreased and @entity37462 increased. @entity1254 and leptin did not significantly change. The improvement in HOMA-IR was best predicted by the decreases in @entity442 and @entity14288 and the lack of trunk fat increase (R(2) = 0.59, p = 0.001). Conclusions: (1) @entity1386 was a metabolic risk factor for @entity1 with active @entity2012 ; (2) @entity14288 and @entity37462 were influenced by the disease activity but were not associated with @entity1386 mass; (3) fat deposition after treatment was predominantly on the trunk and visceral depots; and (4) insulin resistance decreased and the lipid profile partially improved with treatment.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Metabolic Risk in Newly Diagnosed XXXX with @entity2012 is Related to Fat Distribution and Circulating Adipokines and Improves after Treatment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: An @entity731 burden sufficient to put lung transplant candidates at risk for end-organ disease after transplantation is considered to be a relative contraindication for lung transplantation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess our current practice of cardiac workup by coronary angiography in lung transplant candidates >= 50 years of age. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 50 consecutive lung transplant candidates >= 50 years of age in which coronary angiography was performed at the University Hospital Zurich (2009-2013). For every @entity1 , the risk of developing an acute coronary event was estimated by using a recalibrated version of the PROCAM study calculator for the Swiss population. Results: The median estimated risk of developing an acute coronary event within 10 years in the study cohort (n = 50) was 4.2% (interquartile range 1.9-7.6), which is considered to be a low risk. Sixteen percent of @entity1 were considered to be at intermediate risk. In 66% of @entity1 , coronary angiography showed no @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In 28% of @entity1 , @entity453 without significant @entity850 was diagnosed. In 6% of @entity1 , significant @entity3979 was detected requiring percutaneous coronary intervention. No correlation between the coronary status and the risk score or cardiovascular risk profile was found. Conclusions: The high prevalence of asymptomatic @entity453 without correlation to a common clinical risk score supports the important role of coronary angiography for the assessment of coronary artery status. This approach might prevent cardiovascular events and improve long-term survival after transplantation.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX in Lung Transplant Candidates: Role of Routine Invasive Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'CAD in lung transplant candidates', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: Evidence is presented that @entity12274 enter @entity1 erythrocytes via saturable transport system(s) at rates similar to those previously described for @entity9881 (King, G.F. and Kuchel, P.W. (1985) Biochem. J. 227, 833-842) but that the transmembrane flux rates for @entity18847 are considerably less. 1H spin-echo NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the coupled uptake and hydrolysis of peptides by red cells, since it enabled the simultaneous measurement of the levels of substrates and products of peptidase-catalysed reactions in suspensions with haematocrits similar to those found in vivo. Weighted non-linear least-squares regression of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation onto progress curves obtained from the hydrolysis of @entity71417 and @entity68854 in RBC lysates gave Km = 2.11 +/- 0.08 and 23.4 +/- 0.9 mmol/l and Vmax = 307 +/- 3 and 905 +/- 22 mmol/h per 1 packed cells, respectively. In whole cell suspensions, the rate of hydrolysis was considerably less and was dominated by the transmembrane flux of @entity12274 . Progress curve analysis thus yielded the steady-state kinetic parameters for peptide transport; the values were Km = 11.6 +/- 1.1 and 56 +/- 18 mmol/l and Vmax = 12.9 +/- 3.0 and 36.4 +/- 3.2 mmol/h per 1 packed cells, respectively, for the previously mentioned peptides. The rate of transport of the tetrapeptide @entity71418 was considerably less than either of the @entity12274 . The above mentioned steady-state kinetic parameters were used in computer simulations of the coupled uptake and hydrolysis of @entity12274 by @entity1 erythrocytes under physiological conditions; these simulations revealed certain similarities between the rates of peptide uptake by erythrocytes and the intestine in vivo.

title: The assimilation of tri- and XXXX by @entity1 erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity18847 :: ('CHEBI:48030', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapeptides']

entities_list: @entity71418 :: ('MESH:C046274', 'Chemical') :: ['Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly']

entities_list: @entity9881 :: ('MESH:D004151', 'Chemical') :: ['dipeptides']

entities_list: @entity12274 :: ('CHEBI:47923', 'Chemical') :: ['tripeptide', 'tripeptides']

answer: @entity18847 :: (CHEBI:48030,Chemical) :: ['tetrapeptides']


abstract: Evidence is presented that @entity12274 enter @entity1 erythrocytes via saturable transport system(s) at rates similar to those previously described for @entity9881 (King, G.F. and Kuchel, P.W. (1985) Biochem. J. 227, 833-842) but that the transmembrane flux rates for @entity18847 are considerably less. 1H spin-echo NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the coupled uptake and hydrolysis of peptides by red cells, since it enabled the simultaneous measurement of the levels of substrates and products of peptidase-catalysed reactions in suspensions with haematocrits similar to those found in vivo. Weighted non-linear least-squares regression of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation onto progress curves obtained from the hydrolysis of @entity71417 and @entity68854 in RBC lysates gave Km = 2.11 +/- 0.08 and 23.4 +/- 0.9 mmol/l and Vmax = 307 +/- 3 and 905 +/- 22 mmol/h per 1 packed cells, respectively. In whole cell suspensions, the rate of hydrolysis was considerably less and was dominated by the transmembrane flux of @entity12274 . Progress curve analysis thus yielded the steady-state kinetic parameters for peptide transport; the values were Km = 11.6 +/- 1.1 and 56 +/- 18 mmol/l and Vmax = 12.9 +/- 3.0 and 36.4 +/- 3.2 mmol/h per 1 packed cells, respectively, for the previously mentioned peptides. The rate of transport of the tetrapeptide @entity71418 was considerably less than either of the @entity12274 . The above mentioned steady-state kinetic parameters were used in computer simulations of the coupled uptake and hydrolysis of @entity12274 by @entity1 erythrocytes under physiological conditions; these simulations revealed certain similarities between the rates of peptide uptake by erythrocytes and the intestine in vivo.

title: The assimilation of tri- and @entity18847 by XXXX erythrocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The poor response to clopidogrel is multifactorial and includes, amongst others, low @entity1 adherence to medication. The aim of this study was to assess the reported @entity1 adherence to treatment with clopidogrel and confront it with adherence assessed by drug availability. We evaluated determinants of adherence and its impact on @entity1423 and clinical outcome. The study population comprised 184 @entity1 treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute @entity583 . Follow-up visits were scheduled at 3, 6 and 9 months after discharge. @entity1 adherence to clopidogrel was defined according to self-reported drug intake and verified based on data from the National Health Fund regarding the purchase of prescribed drugs. The @entity1 were judged as adherent when the proportion of drug availability exceeded 80%. According to drug availability, 100 (54.3%) @entity1 were adherent and 84 (45.7%) were nonadherent. The analysis identified the following factors as predictors of low adherence (<80%): adenosine diphosphate-induced @entity1423 (ADP-PA) during hospitalization  <=45 U, male gender and occurrence of ST-elevation @entity583 [(STEMI) vs. @entity3257 ( @entity3257 )], while three-vessel disease was predictive of high adherence to medication. Compared with drug availability-based assessment, self-reported drug intake was significantly different: 172 (94.5%) @entity1 reported regular and 10 (5.5%) @entity1 reported irregular intake of clopidogrel. Clinical follow-up suggested that the self-reported nonregular clopidogrel intake may discriminate @entity1 with a high risk of cardiovascular events. We demonstrated a huge discrepancy between the two most widely used methods for the evaluation of adherence to clopidogrel in secondary prevention treatment in @entity1 after STEMI and @entity3257 . ADP-PA during hospitalization  <=45 U, male gender and STEMI (vs. @entity3257 ) were independent predictors of nonadherence while three-vessel disease was independently predictive of adherence to treatment with clopidogrel in the investigated population.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Discrepancies in Assessment of Adherence to Antiplatelet Treatment after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['NSTEMI', 'non-STEMI']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: Between January, 1975, and December, 1982, 33 @entity1 underwent mitral valve replacement for @entity3454 secondary to @entity528 . The majority were in the seventh decade of life (median age, 62 years), and all were seen with symptoms of @entity339 . Echocardiography was more accurate in making the diagnosis of @entity3454 more often (75%) than angiography (66%). Thirty-eight percent of the @entity1 who underwent cineangiography had concomitant @entity453 and had coronary artery bypass grafting as well as mitral valve replacement. There was 1 operative death, an operative mortality of 3%. There were 6 late deaths, a late mortality of 18%. Of the 26 long-term survivors, 23 (88%) were in New York Heart Association Functional Class I and 3 (12%) were in Class II. The average length of follow-up was 33.25 months, and the 5-year actuarial survival was 76%. There was only one incident of @entity1031 (3%). Short-term and long-term survival were not related to the severity of @entity339 but to the status of the left ventricle and the overall condition of the @entity1 . These data suggest that older @entity1 with severe @entity339 secondary to @entity3454 can undergo valve replacement with low operative mortality and gratifying long-term results.

title: The results of valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous degeneration']

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['mitral valve prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although consensus guidelines for pretreatment evaluation and monitoring of @entity1169 therapy in @entity1 with @entity7492 ( @entity7492 ) have been formulated, little is known about the cardiovascular side effects. OBJECTIVES: We sought to analyze cardiovascular evaluations in @entity1 with @entity7492 at baseline and during treatment with an oral beta-blocker. METHODS: Data from 109 @entity1 with @entity7492 were retrospectively analyzed. @entity1 and family history, pretreatment electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate, and blood pressure were evaluated before initiation of beta-blocker therapy. Blood pressure and standardized questionnaires addressing side effects were evaluated during treatment. RESULTS: Questionnaire analyses (n  = 83) identified 3 cases with a family history of @entity65 in first-degree relatives. ECG findings were normal in each case and no serious complication of therapy occurred. ECG abnormalities were found in 6.5% of @entity1 but there were no contraindications to beta-blocker therapy and no major complications. @entity551 in 9 @entity1 did not require therapy adjustment. In all, 88 parents (81%) reported side effects during beta-blocker treatment. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small @entity1 cohort is a limitation. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment ECG is of limited value for @entity1 with an unremarkable cardiovascular history and a normal heart rate and blood pressure. @entity551 may occur during treatment.

title: Is cardiovascular evaluation necessary prior to and during beta-blocker therapy for XXXX ?: A cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hemangiomas', 'IH']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity7492 :: (MESH:C535860,Disease) :: ['infantile hemangiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Commensal bacteria and @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) have both been shown independently to modulate immune responses. This study tested the hypothesis that the different colonic immunomodulatory responses to commensal ( @entity24046 ) and pathogenic bacteria ( @entity526 and @entity794 ) may be modified by @entity5204 . Experiments used a Transwell system combining the colorectal cell line HT29, or its mucous secreting sub-clone HT29- @entity1500 , with peripheral blood mononuclear cells to analyse immunomodulatory signalling in response to bacteria, with and without prior treatment with @entity1426 , @entity7784 or @entity4600 . @entity24046 increased transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) mRNA and protein secretion in colonic cell lines when compared with controls, an effect that was enhanced by pre-treatment with @entity7784 . In contrast, the Gram-negative pathogen @entity32177 had no significant effect on TGF-b1 protein. @entity24046 also increased IL-8 mRNA but not protein while @entity526 increased both; although differences between @entity5204 treatments were detected, none were significantly different to controls. Colonic epithelial cells show different immunomodulatory signalling patterns in response to the commensal @entity24046 compared to @entity526 and @entity794 and pre-treatment of these cells with @entity5204 can modify responses. Practical applications: We have demonstrated an interaction between dietary @entity5204 and epithelial cell response to both commensal and pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract by utilising in vitro co-culture models. The data suggest that n-3 @entity5204 may provide some protection against the potentially damaging effects of pathogens. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of combining n-3 @entity5204 and the commensal bacteria, and potential probiotic, @entity24046 are illustrated by the increased expression of immunoregulatory TGF-b1.

title: @entity1474 modify expression of TGF-b in a co-culture model ultilising human colorectal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to @entity24046 , XXXX and @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity24046 :: ('1596', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus gasseri', 'L. gasseri']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Commensal bacteria and @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) have both been shown independently to modulate immune responses. This study tested the hypothesis that the different colonic immunomodulatory responses to commensal ( @entity24046 ) and pathogenic bacteria ( @entity526 and @entity794 ) may be modified by @entity5204 . Experiments used a Transwell system combining the colorectal cell line HT29, or its mucous secreting sub-clone HT29- @entity1500 , with peripheral blood mononuclear cells to analyse immunomodulatory signalling in response to bacteria, with and without prior treatment with @entity1426 , @entity7784 or @entity4600 . @entity24046 increased transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) mRNA and protein secretion in colonic cell lines when compared with controls, an effect that was enhanced by pre-treatment with @entity7784 . In contrast, the Gram-negative pathogen @entity32177 had no significant effect on TGF-b1 protein. @entity24046 also increased IL-8 mRNA but not protein while @entity526 increased both; although differences between @entity5204 treatments were detected, none were significantly different to controls. Colonic epithelial cells show different immunomodulatory signalling patterns in response to the commensal @entity24046 compared to @entity526 and @entity794 and pre-treatment of these cells with @entity5204 can modify responses. Practical applications: We have demonstrated an interaction between dietary @entity5204 and epithelial cell response to both commensal and pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract by utilising in vitro co-culture models. The data suggest that n-3 @entity5204 may provide some protection against the potentially damaging effects of pathogens. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of combining n-3 @entity5204 and the commensal bacteria, and potential probiotic, @entity24046 are illustrated by the increased expression of immunoregulatory TGF-b1.

title: @entity1474 modify expression of TGF-b in a co-culture model ultilising human colorectal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to XXXX , @entity526 and @entity794 .

answer: @entity24046 :: (1596,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus gasseri']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Commensal bacteria and @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) have both been shown independently to modulate immune responses. This study tested the hypothesis that the different colonic immunomodulatory responses to commensal ( @entity24046 ) and pathogenic bacteria ( @entity526 and @entity794 ) may be modified by @entity5204 . Experiments used a Transwell system combining the colorectal cell line HT29, or its mucous secreting sub-clone HT29- @entity1500 , with peripheral blood mononuclear cells to analyse immunomodulatory signalling in response to bacteria, with and without prior treatment with @entity1426 , @entity7784 or @entity4600 . @entity24046 increased transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) mRNA and protein secretion in colonic cell lines when compared with controls, an effect that was enhanced by pre-treatment with @entity7784 . In contrast, the Gram-negative pathogen @entity32177 had no significant effect on TGF-b1 protein. @entity24046 also increased IL-8 mRNA but not protein while @entity526 increased both; although differences between @entity5204 treatments were detected, none were significantly different to controls. Colonic epithelial cells show different immunomodulatory signalling patterns in response to the commensal @entity24046 compared to @entity526 and @entity794 and pre-treatment of these cells with @entity5204 can modify responses. Practical applications: We have demonstrated an interaction between dietary @entity5204 and epithelial cell response to both commensal and pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract by utilising in vitro co-culture models. The data suggest that n-3 @entity5204 may provide some protection against the potentially damaging effects of pathogens. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of combining n-3 @entity5204 and the commensal bacteria, and potential probiotic, @entity24046 are illustrated by the increased expression of immunoregulatory TGF-b1.

title: @entity1474 modify expression of TGF-b in a co-culture model ultilising human colorectal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to @entity24046 , @entity526 and XXXX .

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Commensal bacteria and @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) have both been shown independently to modulate immune responses. This study tested the hypothesis that the different colonic immunomodulatory responses to commensal ( @entity24046 ) and pathogenic bacteria ( @entity526 and @entity794 ) may be modified by @entity5204 . Experiments used a Transwell system combining the colorectal cell line HT29, or its mucous secreting sub-clone HT29- @entity1500 , with peripheral blood mononuclear cells to analyse immunomodulatory signalling in response to bacteria, with and without prior treatment with @entity1426 , @entity7784 or @entity4600 . @entity24046 increased transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) mRNA and protein secretion in colonic cell lines when compared with controls, an effect that was enhanced by pre-treatment with @entity7784 . In contrast, the Gram-negative pathogen @entity32177 had no significant effect on TGF-b1 protein. @entity24046 also increased IL-8 mRNA but not protein while @entity526 increased both; although differences between @entity5204 treatments were detected, none were significantly different to controls. Colonic epithelial cells show different immunomodulatory signalling patterns in response to the commensal @entity24046 compared to @entity526 and @entity794 and pre-treatment of these cells with @entity5204 can modify responses. Practical applications: We have demonstrated an interaction between dietary @entity5204 and epithelial cell response to both commensal and pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract by utilising in vitro co-culture models. The data suggest that n-3 @entity5204 may provide some protection against the potentially damaging effects of pathogens. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of combining n-3 @entity5204 and the commensal bacteria, and potential probiotic, @entity24046 are illustrated by the increased expression of immunoregulatory TGF-b1.

title: XXXX modify expression of TGF-b in a co-culture model ultilising human colorectal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to @entity24046 , @entity526 and @entity794 .

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a common @entity409 . Data is emerging that an independent association between markers of subclinical @entity731 and @entity1561 exists and it may be considered as an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. We aim to better characterize the relationship between @entity1561 and inflammatory markers in a multi-ethnic cohort by assessing @entity1560 on computed tomography (CT) scans. METHODS: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) is a longitudinal, population-based study from four ethnic groups free of CV disease at baseline. The inflammatory markers studied include: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ). On CT scans liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR: Hounsfield Units (HU) of the liver divided by HU of spleen) of <1 and liver attenuation of <40 HU were used as criteria for @entity1560 . Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: 4038 @entity1 amongst 6814 MESA population with visible spleen on the CT scan, available @entity1851 and @entity650 levels and no reported liver @entity82 were included. The average age was 61 +/- 10 years, 37% Caucasians and 45% were males. Mean @entity1851 and @entity650 were 2.36 mg/dl and 1.37 pg/ml respectively. 696 @entity1 (17%) had LSR of <1 and 253 (6%) had liver attenuation of <40 HU. When using LSR <1 as a continuous variable, the correlation (adjusted odds ratio (OR)) with @entity1851 >2.0 was 0.037 (95% CI: 0.02-0.054) and with @entity650 was 0.014 (95% CI: 0.004-0.023). On the other hand when presence and absence of LSR <1 was considered, higher ORs for association with @entity13228 : 1.41 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.73) and @entity650 :1.18 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.31) were found. Similarly, the adjusted association of per unit decrease in liver attenuation with @entity13228 was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.20 to 2.63) while for @entity650 was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.69 to 1.47). When considering presence and absence of liver attenuation <40 HU the OR for @entity13228 was 2.27 (95% CI: 1.62 to 3.16) and for @entity650 was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.58). CONCLUSION: @entity1851 and @entity650 levels were found to be significantly associated with liver fat assessed on CT scan after adjusting for other risk factors for @entity731 .

title: Association between inflammatory markers and liver fat: The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several modalities are available for volumetric measurement of the @entity438 . We discuss the challenges involved in manual segmentation, and analyze the application of alternative methods using automatic segmentation and geometric formulae in measurement of @entity439 volumes and coil packing density. METHODS: The volumes and morphology of 38 @entity439 treated with endovascular coiling at a single center were measured using three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) reconstruction software using automatic segmentation. @entity439 volumes were also calculated from their height, width, depth, size of neck, and assumed shape in 3DRA images using simple geometric formulae. The @entity439 volumes were dichotomized as "small" or "large" using the median volume of the studied population (54 mm(3)) measured by automatic segmentation as the cut-off value for further statistical analysis. RESULTS: A greater proportion of @entity439 were categorized as being "small" when geometric formulae were applied. The median @entity439 volumes obtained were 54.5 mm(3) by 3DRA software, and 30.6 mm(3) using mathematical equations. An underestimation of @entity439 volume with a resultant overestimation in the calculated coil packing density (p = 0.002) was observed. CONCLUSION: Caution must be exercised in the application of simple geometric formulae in the management of @entity438 as volumes may potentially be underestimated and packing densities falsely elevated. Future research should focus on validation of automatic segmentation in volumetric measurement and improving its accuracy to enhance its application in clinical practice.

title: Volume measurement of the XXXX : a discussion and comparison of the alternatives to manual segmentation.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: It is not always easy to distinguish between @entity4710 with aberration and @entity1165 by electrocardiographic analysis alone. M mode echocardiography can often help by providing direct or indirect evidence of the relation between atrial and ventricular contraction. Sixteen consecutive @entity1 with spontaneous sustained @entity2611 complex @entity591 with heart rates of 120-225 beats/minute were examined. Echocardiographic evidence of 1:1 conduction was seen in three cases and 2:1 atrioventricular conduction in one (all four had @entity4710 , confirmed by intracardiac electrocardiography in three). Evidence of retrograde block was seen in 12 (all had @entity1165 , with electrophysiological confirmation in 10). Satisfactory views of the mitral valve were obtained in all @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity1165 had a variable mitral valve opening time (range 42-110%) compared with those who had @entity4710 (9-15%). Aortic root and left atrial views gave direct evidence of atrial contraction in three cases, and subcostal right atrial wall views were diagnostic in four of five cases. Seven @entity1 with @entity1165 had been wrongly diagnosed elsewhere as having @entity4710 . This study confirms that echocardiography is a simple and rapid aid to accurate diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity2611 complex @entity591 .

title: Role of echocardiography in differential diagnosis of broad complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: The prevalence and clinical significance of @entity10860 were determined prospectively in 2000 consecutive @entity1 undergoing routine clinical cross sectional echocardiography. Two hundred and twelve @entity1 were excluded because the aortic cusps were not adequately visualised. @entity10860 was defined as downward displacement of cuspal material below a line joining the points of attachment of the aortic valve leaflets. Twenty four cases of @entity10860 (1.2%) were identified. The @entity1 were aged 12-64 years and nine were @entity1 . All had underlying @entity299 and the commonest lesion (in 11 cases) was prolapse of the larger cusp in bicuspid valves. @entity10860 was seen in four @entity1 with @entity3454 (two with severe regurgitation), one of whom had marfanoid aortic root dilatation. The remaining examples of aortic prolapse were seen in @entity1 with @entity74 including one with @entity1146 , two with @entity2333 (one with dissection and one with @entity1000 ), and one case of severe @entity339 . Valves destroyed by @entity884 were seen in two cases. @entity10860 may be detected in various @entity299 and does not imply the presence of @entity337 , but when bicuspid aortic valves are present it may well be important in producing such regurgitation. Although @entity10860 may be associated with severe forms of @entity3454 , these @entity1 rarely have @entity337 .

title: Prevalence and clinical significance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity10860 :: ('MESH:D001023', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve prolapse', 'aortic valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various disorders']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders', 'valvar heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity10860 :: (MESH:D001023,Disease) :: ['aortic valve prolapse']


abstract: @entity3064 is an increasingly common pathogen in healthcare settings globally. It is frequently resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and there are recent reports on strains that are pandrug resistant. The aim of the study was to characterize the mechanisms of @entity2893 resistance of A. baumannii strains from a nursing home in Zagreb and to genotype the strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). PCR was used to detect genes encoding carbapenemases of groups A, B, and D and extended-spectrum b-lactamases. Genotyping of the strains was performed by rep-PCR. All strains were found to be resistant to @entity5505 , @entity3524 , @entity2756 , @entity6944 , @entity3400 / @entity7120 , @entity2892 , @entity2889 , and @entity2177 . All, but one strain, were resistant to @entity801 . PCR revealed blaOXA-23 genes in 14, @entity18716 in 5, and blaVIM in 11 strains. All strains positive for blaVIM genes coharbored blaOXA-23 genes. The 14 strains with OXA-23 belonged to ICL II, whereas the 5 strains positive for @entity18716 belonged to ICL I. In contrast to hospitals where OXA-24/40-like b-lactamases and OXA-58 were the most prevalent, OXA-23-like b-lactamases are the dominant group in the nursing home. OXA-58-like b-lactamase, which is the most widespread group, was not found. Acquisition of blaMBL genes in A. baumannii strains was observed. Rep-PCR identified two clones. Two strains A10 and A13 were alocated to a novel sequence type ST 637. Nursing homes can act as a source of dissemination of blaOXA and blaMBL genes in the environment and the possible influx to the hospital environment.

title: Nursing Home as a Reservoir of @entity2893 -Resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: @entity3064 is an increasingly common pathogen in healthcare settings globally. It is frequently resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and there are recent reports on strains that are pandrug resistant. The aim of the study was to characterize the mechanisms of @entity2893 resistance of A. baumannii strains from a nursing home in Zagreb and to genotype the strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). PCR was used to detect genes encoding carbapenemases of groups A, B, and D and extended-spectrum b-lactamases. Genotyping of the strains was performed by rep-PCR. All strains were found to be resistant to @entity5505 , @entity3524 , @entity2756 , @entity6944 , @entity3400 / @entity7120 , @entity2892 , @entity2889 , and @entity2177 . All, but one strain, were resistant to @entity801 . PCR revealed blaOXA-23 genes in 14, @entity18716 in 5, and blaVIM in 11 strains. All strains positive for blaVIM genes coharbored blaOXA-23 genes. The 14 strains with OXA-23 belonged to ICL II, whereas the 5 strains positive for @entity18716 belonged to ICL I. In contrast to hospitals where OXA-24/40-like b-lactamases and OXA-58 were the most prevalent, OXA-23-like b-lactamases are the dominant group in the nursing home. OXA-58-like b-lactamase, which is the most widespread group, was not found. Acquisition of blaMBL genes in A. baumannii strains was observed. Rep-PCR identified two clones. Two strains A10 and A13 were alocated to a novel sequence type ST 637. Nursing homes can act as a source of dissemination of blaOXA and blaMBL genes in the environment and the possible influx to the hospital environment.

title: Nursing Home as a Reservoir of XXXX -Resistant @entity3064 .

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['Carbapenem']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To prospectively evaluate the performance of real-time ultrasonographic (US) shear-wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of @entity263 in @entity1 with high and/or increasing @entity1486 levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination results. Materials and Methods After signing an informed consent form, @entity1 referred for transrectal prostate biopsy were enrolled in this prospective HIPAA-compliant two-center study, which was conducted with institutional review board approval. Transrectal US SWE of the prostate was performed after a conventional transrectal US examination and immediately before US-guided 12-core sextant biopsy. For each sextant, the maximum SWE value was measured and matched to the pathologic results of that sextant biopsy. The diagnostic performance of SWE was assessed at both @entity1 and sextant levels. The elasticity value maximizing the Youden index was used to derive sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results The elasticity values were matched to pathologic results for a total of 1040 peripheral zone sextants in 184 @entity1 . One hundred twenty-nine positive biopsy findings (size, >= 3 mm; Gleason score, >= 6) were identified in 68 @entity1 . The sextant-level sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for SWE with a cutoff of 35 kPa for differentiating benign from malignant lesions were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95%, 97%), 85% (95% CI: 83%, 87%), 48% (95% CI: 46%, 50%), 99% (95% CI: 98%, 100%), and 95% (95% CI: 93%, 97%), respectively. Conclusion Use of a 35-kPa threshold at SWE may provide additional information for the detection and biopsy guidance of @entity263 , enabling a substantial reduction in the number of biopsies while ensuring that few peripheral zone @entity420 are missed.

title: XXXX : Diagnostic Performance of Real-time Shear-Wave Elastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral zone prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Infection with @entity5967 has long been recognized in @entity1 . In recent years, @entity5967 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among adults and among those with underlying medical condition. Several cases of @entity281 and more fulminant disease similar to streptococcal @entity137 have recently been reported. We report here that 19 @entity5967 strains were isolated from streptococcal @entity137 cases involving adult @entity1 in Japan between 2009 and 2013. The average age of the @entity1 was 66.3 years. At least one underlying disease was present in 47.4% (9/19) of the @entity1 . The most prevalent serotype among these strains was Ib. All serotype Ib strains belonged to clonal complex 10 and were ciprofloxacin resistant. In contrast, all strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, imipenem, panipenem, and linezolid. The characteristic type distributions of streptococcal @entity137 isolates differed between isolates obtained from vaginal swabs of @entity1 and @entity1 with invasive @entity281 .

title: Evaluation of streptococcal XXXX caused by group B @entity5967 in adults in Japan between 2009 and 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'GBS infection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock-like syndrome', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['S.  agalactiae', 'Streptococcus agalactiae']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic shock-like syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Infection with @entity5967 has long been recognized in @entity1 . In recent years, @entity5967 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among adults and among those with underlying medical condition. Several cases of @entity281 and more fulminant disease similar to streptococcal @entity137 have recently been reported. We report here that 19 @entity5967 strains were isolated from streptococcal @entity137 cases involving adult @entity1 in Japan between 2009 and 2013. The average age of the @entity1 was 66.3 years. At least one underlying disease was present in 47.4% (9/19) of the @entity1 . The most prevalent serotype among these strains was Ib. All serotype Ib strains belonged to clonal complex 10 and were ciprofloxacin resistant. In contrast, all strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, imipenem, panipenem, and linezolid. The characteristic type distributions of streptococcal @entity137 isolates differed between isolates obtained from vaginal swabs of @entity1 and @entity1 with invasive @entity281 .

title: Evaluation of streptococcal @entity137 caused by group B XXXX in adults in Japan between 2009 and 2013.

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['streptococcus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1624 is an @entity2246 due to mutations of the @entity29272 gene leading to toxic accumulation of galactose and derived metabolites. With the benefit of early diagnosis by neonatal screening and early therapy, the acute presentation of @entity1624 can be prevented. However, despite early diagnosis and treatment, the long term outcome for these @entity1 is still unpredictable because they may go on to develop @entity73 , speech problems, neurological and/or @entity717 and, in females, @entity2670 . The objectives of the current study were to report our experience with a group of galactosemic @entity1 identified through the neonatal screening programs in northeastern Italy during the last 30years. No @entity204 due to @entity1624 complications occurred after the introduction of the neonatal screening program. However, despite the early diagnosis and dietary treatment, the @entity1 with @entity1624 showed one or more long-term complications. A total of 18 different variations in the @entity29272 gene were found in the @entity1 cohort: 12 missense, 2 frameshift, 1 nonsense, 1 deletion, 1 silent variation, and 1 intronic. Six ( @entity71419 , @entity71420 , @entity71421 , @entity71422 , @entity71423 , @entity71424 ) were new variations. The most common variation was @entity71425 (12 alleles, 31.5%), followed by @entity71426 (6 alleles, 15.7%) and @entity71427 (6 alleles, 15.7%). The other variations comprised 1 or 2 alleles. In the @entity1 carrying a new mutation, the biochemical analysis of @entity29272 activity in erythrocytes showed an activity of <1%. In silico analysis (SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and the computational analysis on the static protein structure) showed potentially damaging effects of the six new variations on the @entity29272 protein, thus expanding the genetic spectrum of @entity29272 variations in Italy. The study emphasizes the difficulty in establishing a genotype-phenotype correlation in @entity1624 and underlines the importance of molecular diagnostic testing prior to making any treatment.

title: Clinical and molecular spectra in galactosemic @entity1 from neonatal screening in northeastern Italy: Structural and functional characterization of new variations in the XXXX ( @entity29272 ) gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity71420 :: ('p|SUB|G|83|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.G83V']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disability']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal deaths']

entities_list: @entity1624 :: ('MESH:D005693', 'Disease') :: ['Classical galactosemia', 'galactosemia', 'classical galactosemia']

entities_list: @entity71419 :: ('p|SUB|R|33|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.R33P']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism']

answer: @entity29272 :: (2592,Gene) :: ['galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1624 is an @entity2246 due to mutations of the @entity29272 gene leading to toxic accumulation of galactose and derived metabolites. With the benefit of early diagnosis by neonatal screening and early therapy, the acute presentation of @entity1624 can be prevented. However, despite early diagnosis and treatment, the long term outcome for these @entity1 is still unpredictable because they may go on to develop @entity73 , speech problems, neurological and/or @entity717 and, in females, @entity2670 . The objectives of the current study were to report our experience with a group of galactosemic @entity1 identified through the neonatal screening programs in northeastern Italy during the last 30years. No @entity204 due to @entity1624 complications occurred after the introduction of the neonatal screening program. However, despite the early diagnosis and dietary treatment, the @entity1 with @entity1624 showed one or more long-term complications. A total of 18 different variations in the @entity29272 gene were found in the @entity1 cohort: 12 missense, 2 frameshift, 1 nonsense, 1 deletion, 1 silent variation, and 1 intronic. Six ( @entity71419 , @entity71420 , @entity71421 , @entity71422 , @entity71423 , @entity71424 ) were new variations. The most common variation was @entity71425 (12 alleles, 31.5%), followed by @entity71426 (6 alleles, 15.7%) and @entity71427 (6 alleles, 15.7%). The other variations comprised 1 or 2 alleles. In the @entity1 carrying a new mutation, the biochemical analysis of @entity29272 activity in erythrocytes showed an activity of <1%. In silico analysis (SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and the computational analysis on the static protein structure) showed potentially damaging effects of the six new variations on the @entity29272 protein, thus expanding the genetic spectrum of @entity29272 variations in Italy. The study emphasizes the difficulty in establishing a genotype-phenotype correlation in @entity1624 and underlines the importance of molecular diagnostic testing prior to making any treatment.

title: Clinical and molecular spectra in galactosemic @entity1 from neonatal screening in northeastern Italy: Structural and functional characterization of new variations in the @entity29272 ( XXXX ) gene.

answer: @entity29272 :: (2592,Gene) :: ['GALT']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1624 is an @entity2246 due to mutations of the @entity29272 gene leading to toxic accumulation of galactose and derived metabolites. With the benefit of early diagnosis by neonatal screening and early therapy, the acute presentation of @entity1624 can be prevented. However, despite early diagnosis and treatment, the long term outcome for these @entity1 is still unpredictable because they may go on to develop @entity73 , speech problems, neurological and/or @entity717 and, in females, @entity2670 . The objectives of the current study were to report our experience with a group of galactosemic @entity1 identified through the neonatal screening programs in northeastern Italy during the last 30years. No @entity204 due to @entity1624 complications occurred after the introduction of the neonatal screening program. However, despite the early diagnosis and dietary treatment, the @entity1 with @entity1624 showed one or more long-term complications. A total of 18 different variations in the @entity29272 gene were found in the @entity1 cohort: 12 missense, 2 frameshift, 1 nonsense, 1 deletion, 1 silent variation, and 1 intronic. Six ( @entity71419 , @entity71420 , @entity71421 , @entity71422 , @entity71423 , @entity71424 ) were new variations. The most common variation was @entity71425 (12 alleles, 31.5%), followed by @entity71426 (6 alleles, 15.7%) and @entity71427 (6 alleles, 15.7%). The other variations comprised 1 or 2 alleles. In the @entity1 carrying a new mutation, the biochemical analysis of @entity29272 activity in erythrocytes showed an activity of <1%. In silico analysis (SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and the computational analysis on the static protein structure) showed potentially damaging effects of the six new variations on the @entity29272 protein, thus expanding the genetic spectrum of @entity29272 variations in Italy. The study emphasizes the difficulty in establishing a genotype-phenotype correlation in @entity1624 and underlines the importance of molecular diagnostic testing prior to making any treatment.

title: Clinical and molecular spectra in galactosemic XXXX from neonatal screening in northeastern Italy: Structural and functional characterization of new variations in the @entity29272 ( @entity29272 ) gene.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The possibility of validating biological macromolecules with locally disordered domains like RNA against solution properties is helpful to understand their function. In this work, we present a computational scheme for predicting global properties and mimicking the internal dynamics of RNA molecules in solution. A simple coarse-grained model with one bead per @entity4334 and two types of intra-molecular interactions (elastic interactions and excluded volume interactions) is used to represent the RNA chain. The elastic interactions are modeled by a set of Hooke springs that form a minimalist elastic network. The Brownian dynamics technique is employed to simulate the time evolution of the RNA conformations. RESULTS: That scheme is applied to the 5S ribosomal RNA of @entity526 and the @entity375 @entity815 transfer RNA. From the Brownian trajectory, several solution properties (radius of gyration, translational diffusion coefficient, and a rotational relaxation time) are calculated. For the case of @entity375 @entity815 transfer RNA, the time evolution and the probability distribution of the inter-arm angle is also computed. CONCLUSIONS: The general good agreement between our results and some experimental data indicates that the model is able to capture the tertiary structure of RNA in solution. Our simulation results also compare quite well with other numerical data. An advantage of the scheme described here is the possibility of visualizing the real time macromolecular dynamics.

title: Prediction of solution properties and dynamics of RNAs by means of Brownian dynamics simulation of coarse-grained models: Ribosomal 5S RNA and XXXX transfer RNA.

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity815 :: (CHEBI:28044,Chemical) :: ['phenylalanine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the pattern of hospital admissions and @entity1 outcomes in medical wards at Atbara Teaching Hospital in River Nile State, Sudan. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 to July 2014 and included all @entity1 admitted to medical wards at the Atbara Teaching Hospital during the study period. Morbidity and mortality data was obtained from medical records. Diseases were categorised using the World Health Organization's @entity66 ( @entity66 ) coding system. RESULTS: A total of 2,614 @entity1 records were analysed. The age group with the highest admissions was the 56-65-year-old age group (19.4%) and the majority of @entity1 were admitted for one week or less (86.4%). Non- @entity166 constituted 71.8% of all cases. According to @entity66 classifications, @entity1 were admitted most frequently due to infectious or @entity4801 (19.7%), followed by diseases of the circulatory (16.4%), digestive (16.4%) and genito-urinary (13.8%) systems. The most common diseases were @entity65 (16.4%), @entity311 (11.3%), @entity3621 /peptic ulcer disease (9.8%), @entity293 (7.2%) and @entity6 (6.9%). The mortality rate was 4.7%. CONCLUSION: The burden of non- @entity166 was found to exceed that of @entity166 among @entity1 admitted to medical wards at the Atbara Teaching Hospital.

title: The Changing Pattern of Hospital Admission to Medical Wards: Burden of non- XXXX at a hospital in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'International Classification of Diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['communicable diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['communicable diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3724 (FF) is widely used to lower blood lipids in clinical practice, but whether its protective effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) in thoracic aorta is related with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remains unknown. In this study, female Sprauge Dawley @entity35 were divided into standard chow diets (SCD), high-fat diets (HFD) and HFD plus FF treatment group (HFD  +  FF) randomly. The @entity35 of latter two groups were given HFD feeding for 5 months, then HFD  +  FF @entity35 were treated with FF (30  mg/kg, once daily) via gavage for another 2 months. The pathological and tensional changes, protein expression of eNOS, and ER stress related genes in thoracic aorta were measured. Then impacts of @entity7609 (PA) and FF on EDV of thoracic aorta from normal female SD @entity35 were observed. Ultimately the expression of ER stress related genes were assessed in primary @entity19 aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) treated by @entity12099 (FA) and PA. We found that FF treatment improved serum lipid levels and pathological changes in thoracic aorta, accompanied with decreased ER stress and increased phosphorylation of eNOS. FF pretreatment also improved EDV impaired by different concentrations of PA treatment. The dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation by PA were inverted by FA pretreatment. Phosphorylation of eNOS and expression of ER stress related genes were all inverted by FA pretreatment in PA-treated MAEC. Our findings shows that @entity3724 recovers damaged EDV by chronic HFD feeding and acute stimulation of PA, this effect is related with decreased ER stress and increased phosphorylation of eNOS.

title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in high-fat diet and @entity7609 -induced vascular damages and XXXX intervention.

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity12099 :: ('MESH:C006012', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibric acid']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity3724 :: (MESH:D011345,Chemical) :: ['fenofibrate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3724 (FF) is widely used to lower blood lipids in clinical practice, but whether its protective effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) in thoracic aorta is related with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remains unknown. In this study, female Sprauge Dawley @entity35 were divided into standard chow diets (SCD), high-fat diets (HFD) and HFD plus FF treatment group (HFD  +  FF) randomly. The @entity35 of latter two groups were given HFD feeding for 5 months, then HFD  +  FF @entity35 were treated with FF (30  mg/kg, once daily) via gavage for another 2 months. The pathological and tensional changes, protein expression of eNOS, and ER stress related genes in thoracic aorta were measured. Then impacts of @entity7609 (PA) and FF on EDV of thoracic aorta from normal female SD @entity35 were observed. Ultimately the expression of ER stress related genes were assessed in primary @entity19 aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) treated by @entity12099 (FA) and PA. We found that FF treatment improved serum lipid levels and pathological changes in thoracic aorta, accompanied with decreased ER stress and increased phosphorylation of eNOS. FF pretreatment also improved EDV impaired by different concentrations of PA treatment. The dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation by PA were inverted by FA pretreatment. Phosphorylation of eNOS and expression of ER stress related genes were all inverted by FA pretreatment in PA-treated MAEC. Our findings shows that @entity3724 recovers damaged EDV by chronic HFD feeding and acute stimulation of PA, this effect is related with decreased ER stress and increased phosphorylation of eNOS.

title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in high-fat diet and XXXX -induced vascular damages and @entity3724 intervention.

answer: @entity7609 :: (MESH:D019308,Chemical) :: ['palmitic acid']


abstract: A method of local @entity1779 with @entity1167 of one or more of the major vessels of the neck is described. Ten clinical cases have been operated upon, and much has been learned of the operative difficulties including an increased operating time and a high complication rate. There were four post-operative deaths, in one (case 1) there was some evidence that the technique protected the perfused part of the brain from anoxic damage. In case 9 the method itself caused particularly bad operating conditions and eventually the @entity1 died. Case 2 and case 4, like case 1, were @entity1 who were severely ill and who might well have died whatever technique had been used in operating upon them. Of the survivors, one @entity1 (case 3) had a post-operative intracerebral clot which developed during closure and another (case 6) had an intracerebral clot which required removal after 24 hours. Another @entity1 (case 8) had some delay in return to full mental function. In the light of this experience we cannot regard the method in its present form as satisfactory for general use. In our view, its further development requires the discovery of a more effective means of neutralizing the anticoagulants, or doing without anticoagulants altogether. It is also necessary to develop a method of monitoring parts of the brain distant from those directly perfused to give warning of threatened @entity519 . Until such time as these problems can be solved we have returned to other procedures but are publishing our results in the hope that other workers will be able to improve upon them.

title: Report of 10 operations under local XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hypothermia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. To evaluate the molecular pathways that operate in the early phase of acute @entity7995 by studying gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) subpopulations including @entity1075 + B cells, @entity5750 + macrophages, @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells. Methods. PBMC subpopulations were obtained from 11 @entity15 @entity1 within 96 hours of the acute onset of the first demyelinating event of ON and from 14 healthy subjects. Gene expression analysis was performed on samples from 6 ON @entity1 and 9 healthy subjects (Affymetrix). Data was analyzed using Partek software and most informative genes (MIGs) were defined with p<0.01 and fold change >2.0. Verification of key MIGs was done by QRT-PCR and Western blot. Functional assay to test antigen presentation ability of B cells was performed. Results. Significantly differentiating gene expression signatures consisting of 467, 55, and 55 MIGs respective of @entity1075 +, @entity5750 + and @entity404 + cells were identified between ON and healthy subjects. No MIGs was detected for @entity405 + cells. The major involvement of @entity1075 + B cells in the early stage of ON was characterized by enrichment of genes involved in activation of immune mechanisms (p=3.2*10-25 to 2.5*10-3) including cellular immune response (p=7.1*10-12), B cells cellular growth and proliferation (p=1.0*10-7), activation of immune cells trafficking pathways (p=5.4*10-15 to 2.0*10-3), and stimulation of antigen presentation (p=8.9*10-11). Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that @entity1075 + B cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the first demyelinating event of acute ON and suggest their role as possible target for immunomodulation.

title: The role of B cells in the onset of the first demyelinating event of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Traumatic brain injury ( @entity131 ) is a significant public health concern that affects individuals in all demographics. With increasing interest in the medical and public communities, understanding the inflammatory mechanisms that drive the pathologic and consequent cognitive outcomes can inform future research and clinical decisions for @entity1 with @entity131 . OBJECTIVES: To review known inflammatory mechanisms in @entity131 and to highlight clinical trials and neuroprotective therapeutic manipulations of pathologic and inflammatory mechanisms of @entity131 . EVIDENCE REVIEW: We searched articles in PubMed published between 1960 and August 1, 2014, using the following keywords: traumatic @entity1545 , @entity130 , @entity32 , astrocytes, microglia, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, reactive @entity26 species, alarmins, danger-associated molecular patterns, purinergic receptors, neuroprotection, and clinical trials. Previous clinical trials or therapeutic studies that involved manipulation of the discussed mechanisms were considered for inclusion. The final list of selected studies was assembled based on novelty and direct relevance to the primary focus of this review. FINDINGS: Traumatic brain injury is a diverse group of sterile injuries induced by primary and secondary mechanisms that give rise to cell @entity204 , @entity32 , and @entity51 in @entity1 of all demographics. Pathogenesis is driven by complex, interacting mechanisms that include reactive @entity26 species, ion channel and gap junction signaling, purinergic receptor signaling, excitotoxic neurotransmitter signaling, perturbations in @entity460 homeostasis, and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, among others. Central nervous system resident and peripherally derived inflammatory cells respond to @entity131 and can provide neuroprotection or participate in @entity130 reactions. The exact contribution of inflammatory cells to a @entity131 is dictated by their anatomical positioning as well as the local cues to which they are exposed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The mechanisms that drive @entity131 development as well as those that promote repair are exceedingly complex and often superimposed. Because pathogenic mechanisms can diversify over time or even differ based on the @entity130 , it is important that neuroprotective therapeutics be developed and administered with these variables in mind. Due to its complexity, @entity131 has proven particularly challenging to treat; however, a number of promising therapeutic approaches are now under pre-clinical development, and recent clinical trials have even yielded a few successes. Given the worldwide impact of @entity131 on the @entity1 population, it is imperative that research remains active in this area and that we continue to develop therapeutics to improve outcome in afflicted @entity1 .

title: XXXX and neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'TBI lesion']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sterile injury', 'injury type', 'maladaptive secondary injury']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 as salvage treatment for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 received bevacizumab 5  mg/Kg days 1 and 15; @entity2600 60  mg/m(2) days 1, 8 and 15. The combined therapy was repeated every 28  days, up to six cycles. RESULTS: A total of 230 cycles of bevacizumab combined with @entity2600 were administrated to 52 @entity1 . Among the 52 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 achieved partial response (42.3  %); 12 @entity1 had stable disease (23.1  %) and 18 @entity1 experienced disease progression (34.6  %). The median progression-free survival and the median overall survival were 8.0  months (95  % confidence interval: 6.74-9.26  months) and 13.8  months (95  % confidence interval: 11.97-15.63  months), respectively. The most frequent grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 were @entity1398 (11.5  %) and @entity882 (3.8  %). The non-hematologic @entity137 included grade 3 @entity294 (3.8  %) and @entity101 (3.8  %). Two @entity1 (3.8  %) were confirmed with deep vein @entity715 . @entity1398 , symptomatic @entity299 and gastrointestinal perforation were not observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 was an effective and safe regimen for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant @entity43 .

title: Low-dose-intensity bevacizumab with weekly XXXX for @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 as salvage treatment for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 received bevacizumab 5  mg/Kg days 1 and 15; @entity2600 60  mg/m(2) days 1, 8 and 15. The combined therapy was repeated every 28  days, up to six cycles. RESULTS: A total of 230 cycles of bevacizumab combined with @entity2600 were administrated to 52 @entity1 . Among the 52 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 achieved partial response (42.3  %); 12 @entity1 had stable disease (23.1  %) and 18 @entity1 experienced disease progression (34.6  %). The median progression-free survival and the median overall survival were 8.0  months (95  % confidence interval: 6.74-9.26  months) and 13.8  months (95  % confidence interval: 11.97-15.63  months), respectively. The most frequent grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 were @entity1398 (11.5  %) and @entity882 (3.8  %). The non-hematologic @entity137 included grade 3 @entity294 (3.8  %) and @entity101 (3.8  %). Two @entity1 (3.8  %) were confirmed with deep vein @entity715 . @entity1398 , symptomatic @entity299 and gastrointestinal perforation were not observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 was an effective and safe regimen for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant @entity43 .

title: Low-dose-intensity bevacizumab with weekly @entity2600 for @entity902 - and XXXX -resistant @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6023 :: (MESH:D043823,Chemical) :: ['taxanes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 as salvage treatment for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 received bevacizumab 5  mg/Kg days 1 and 15; @entity2600 60  mg/m(2) days 1, 8 and 15. The combined therapy was repeated every 28  days, up to six cycles. RESULTS: A total of 230 cycles of bevacizumab combined with @entity2600 were administrated to 52 @entity1 . Among the 52 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 achieved partial response (42.3  %); 12 @entity1 had stable disease (23.1  %) and 18 @entity1 experienced disease progression (34.6  %). The median progression-free survival and the median overall survival were 8.0  months (95  % confidence interval: 6.74-9.26  months) and 13.8  months (95  % confidence interval: 11.97-15.63  months), respectively. The most frequent grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 were @entity1398 (11.5  %) and @entity882 (3.8  %). The non-hematologic @entity137 included grade 3 @entity294 (3.8  %) and @entity101 (3.8  %). Two @entity1 (3.8  %) were confirmed with deep vein @entity715 . @entity1398 , symptomatic @entity299 and gastrointestinal perforation were not observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 was an effective and safe regimen for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant @entity43 .

title: Low-dose-intensity bevacizumab with weekly @entity2600 for @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 as salvage treatment for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant advanced @entity43 received bevacizumab 5  mg/Kg days 1 and 15; @entity2600 60  mg/m(2) days 1, 8 and 15. The combined therapy was repeated every 28  days, up to six cycles. RESULTS: A total of 230 cycles of bevacizumab combined with @entity2600 were administrated to 52 @entity1 . Among the 52 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 achieved partial response (42.3  %); 12 @entity1 had stable disease (23.1  %) and 18 @entity1 experienced disease progression (34.6  %). The median progression-free survival and the median overall survival were 8.0  months (95  % confidence interval: 6.74-9.26  months) and 13.8  months (95  % confidence interval: 11.97-15.63  months), respectively. The most frequent grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 were @entity1398 (11.5  %) and @entity882 (3.8  %). The non-hematologic @entity137 included grade 3 @entity294 (3.8  %) and @entity101 (3.8  %). Two @entity1 (3.8  %) were confirmed with deep vein @entity715 . @entity1398 , symptomatic @entity299 and gastrointestinal perforation were not observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of low-dose-intensity bevacizumab and weekly @entity2600 was an effective and safe regimen for @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity6023 -resistant @entity43 .

title: Low-dose-intensity bevacizumab with weekly @entity2600 for XXXX - and @entity6023 -resistant @entity43 .

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The endocannabinoid system can exert beneficial effects on @entity344 , and @entity12332 ( @entity12332 ) agonists may represent a new therapeutic approach in @entity29 ( @entity29 ). A functional @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism ( @entity71429 ) in the @entity12332 gene has been shown to affect the immunomodulating properties of the @entity12332 receptor. We sought to investigate whether the functional @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism ( @entity71429 ) is associated with @entity29 susceptibility in a Turkish clinical sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 202 @entity29 @entity1 , comprising 101 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 and 101 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 , and 101 healthy controls were included in the study. The @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism was genotyped using real-time PCR. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype frequencies of the three study groups. The odds ratio of the minor Q allele for @entity30 relative to the common R allele was not significant (OR =1.02, 95% CI =0.67-1.56, p=0.99). Similarly, the odds ratio of the minor Q allele for @entity31 relative to the common R allele did not reach statistical significance (OR =1.10, 95% CI =0.72-1.68, p=0.75). Moreover, the genotype frequencies did not show any significant association with the disease extent in either @entity30 (p= 0.71) or @entity31 @entity1 (p=0.59). CONCLUSION: These pilot findings suggest that @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism does not play a major role in genetic susceptibility to @entity29 or in its disease phenotypes among Turkish subjects.

title: No association between the functional cannabinoid receptor type 2 @entity71428 variants and XXXX in Turkish subjects.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity71428 :: ('p|SUB|Q|63|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q63R']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The endocannabinoid system can exert beneficial effects on @entity344 , and @entity12332 ( @entity12332 ) agonists may represent a new therapeutic approach in @entity29 ( @entity29 ). A functional @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism ( @entity71429 ) in the @entity12332 gene has been shown to affect the immunomodulating properties of the @entity12332 receptor. We sought to investigate whether the functional @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism ( @entity71429 ) is associated with @entity29 susceptibility in a Turkish clinical sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 202 @entity29 @entity1 , comprising 101 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 and 101 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 , and 101 healthy controls were included in the study. The @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism was genotyped using real-time PCR. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype frequencies of the three study groups. The odds ratio of the minor Q allele for @entity30 relative to the common R allele was not significant (OR =1.02, 95% CI =0.67-1.56, p=0.99). Similarly, the odds ratio of the minor Q allele for @entity31 relative to the common R allele did not reach statistical significance (OR =1.10, 95% CI =0.72-1.68, p=0.75). Moreover, the genotype frequencies did not show any significant association with the disease extent in either @entity30 (p= 0.71) or @entity31 @entity1 (p=0.59). CONCLUSION: These pilot findings suggest that @entity12332 @entity71428 polymorphism does not play a major role in genetic susceptibility to @entity29 or in its disease phenotypes among Turkish subjects.

title: No association between the functional cannabinoid receptor type 2 XXXX variants and @entity29 in Turkish subjects.

answer: @entity71428 :: (p|SUB|Q|63|R,ProteinMutation) :: ['Q63R']


abstract: Thoracolumbar spine @entity174 are common injuries that can result in significant disability, @entity51 . Controversies exist regarding the appropriate radiological investigations, the indications for surgical management and the timing, approach and type of surgery. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, biomechanical principles, radiological and clinical evaluation, classification and management principles. Literature review of all relevant articles published in PubMed covering thoracolumbar spine @entity174 with or without @entity51 was performed. The search terms used were thoracolumbar, thoracic, lumbar, @entity174 , @entity130 and management. All relevant articles and abstracts covering thoracolumbar spine @entity174 with and without @entity51 were reviewed. Biomechanically the thoracolumbar spine is predisposed to a higher incidence of @entity3510 . Computed tomography provides adequate bony detail for assessing spinal stability while magnetic resonance imaging shows injuries to soft tissues (posterior ligamentous complex [PLC]) and @entity16 . Different classification systems exist and the most recent is the AO spine knowledge forum classification of thoracolumbar @entity130 . Treatment includes both nonoperative and operative methods and selected based on the degree of @entity130 , neurological involvement, presence of associated injuries and the integrity of the PLC. Significant advances in imaging have helped in the better understanding of thoracolumbar @entity174 , including information on canal morphology and injury to soft tissue structures. The ideal classification that is simple, comprehensive and guides management is still elusive. Involvement of three columns, progressive @entity51 , significant @entity1513 and canal compromise with @entity51 are accepted indications for surgical stabilization through anterior, posterior or combined approaches.

title: Management of thoracolumbar spine XXXX : An overview.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological structures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and neurological deficit', 'neurologic deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: AIM: To ascertain pathologic stage as a prognostic indicator for @entity5 @entity1 receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT). METHODS: @entity1 with mid- and low @entity189 (magnetic resonance imaging - based clinical stage II or III) between 2000 and 2009 and treated with curative radical resection were identified. @entity1 were divided into two groups: PCRT and No-PCRT. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was examined according to pathologic stage and addition of adjuvant treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 894 @entity1 were identified. Of these, 500 @entity1 received PCRT. Adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered to 81.5% of the No-PCRT and 94.8% of the PCRT @entity1 . Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 29.4% of the @entity1 in the No PCRT group. The 5-year RFS for the No-PCRT group was 92.6% for Stage   I, 83.3% for Stage II, and 72.9% for Stage III. The 5-year RFS for the PCRT group was 95.2% for yp Stage 0, 91.7% for yp Stage   I, 73.9% for yp Stage II, and 50.7% for yp Stage III. CONCLUSION: Pathologic stage can predict prognosis in PCRT @entity1 . 5-year RFS is significantly lower among PCRT @entity1 than No-PCRT @entity1 in pathologic stage II and III. These results should be taken into account when considering adjuvant treatment for @entity1 treated with PCRT.

title: Impression of prognosis regarding pathologic stage after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: The use of covered self-expandable metallic stents (cSEMS) in benign biliary indications is evolving. The aim of the study was to assess the safety and feasibility of cSEMS compared with multiple plastic stents in the treatment of @entity253 ( @entity253 ) caused by @entity1689 . @entity1 and methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study of 60 @entity1 with @entity253 caused by @entity1689 . All @entity1 received an initial plastic stent before randomization. At randomization, the stent was replaced either with a single cSEMS or three plastic stents. After 3 months, the position of the cSEMS was checked or another three plastic stents were added. At 6 months after randomization, all stents were removed. Clinical follow-up including abdominal ultrasound and laboratory tests were performed at 6 months and 2 years after stent removal. Results: Two @entity1 dropped out of the cSEMS group before stent removal. In April 2014, the median follow-up was 40 months (range 1-66 months). The 2-year, stricture-free success rate was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 72%-97%) in the plastic stent group and 92% (95%CI 70%-98%) in the cSEMS group (P=0.405). There was one late recurrence in the plastic stent group 50 months after stent removal. Stent migration occurred three times (10%) in the plastic stent group and twice in the cSEMS group (7%; P=1.000). Conclusion: A 6-month treatment with either six 10-Fr plastic stents or with one 10-mm cSEMS produced good long-term relief of @entity253 caused by @entity1689 .Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01085747).

title: Randomized multicenter study of multiple plastic stents vs. covered self-expandable metallic stent in the treatment of XXXX in @entity1689 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['BBS', 'benign biliary stricture', 'biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary stricture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: The use of covered self-expandable metallic stents (cSEMS) in benign biliary indications is evolving. The aim of the study was to assess the safety and feasibility of cSEMS compared with multiple plastic stents in the treatment of @entity253 ( @entity253 ) caused by @entity1689 . @entity1 and methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study of 60 @entity1 with @entity253 caused by @entity1689 . All @entity1 received an initial plastic stent before randomization. At randomization, the stent was replaced either with a single cSEMS or three plastic stents. After 3 months, the position of the cSEMS was checked or another three plastic stents were added. At 6 months after randomization, all stents were removed. Clinical follow-up including abdominal ultrasound and laboratory tests were performed at 6 months and 2 years after stent removal. Results: Two @entity1 dropped out of the cSEMS group before stent removal. In April 2014, the median follow-up was 40 months (range 1-66 months). The 2-year, stricture-free success rate was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 72%-97%) in the plastic stent group and 92% (95%CI 70%-98%) in the cSEMS group (P=0.405). There was one late recurrence in the plastic stent group 50 months after stent removal. Stent migration occurred three times (10%) in the plastic stent group and twice in the cSEMS group (7%; P=1.000). Conclusion: A 6-month treatment with either six 10-Fr plastic stents or with one 10-mm cSEMS produced good long-term relief of @entity253 caused by @entity1689 .Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01085747).

title: Randomized multicenter study of multiple plastic stents vs. covered self-expandable metallic stent in the treatment of @entity253 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context     @entity308 is the leading cause of @entity204 , affecting 15% of Americans older than 65 y and costing  43 billion each year. The current mental health service system for seniors, particularly for the population hospitalized in acute inpatient @entity146 units, is fragmented because of poor funding and a shift to a transitory health care paradigm, leading to inadequate treatment modalities, questionable quality of care, and lack of research demonstrating the superiority of a particular treatment. These issues are likely to lead to a public health crisis in the coming years. Objective     To investigate the effectiveness of combining exercise and psychotherapy in improving acute @entity308 symptoms among older adults who were receiving treatment in an inpatient @entity146 unit. Design     Based on rolling admissions, inpatients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. The study was blinded and controlled. Setting     This study took place in inpatient @entity146 units at the Loma Linda University's Behavioral Medicine Center (LLUBMC) in Redlands, California. @entity1     @entity1 were 78 inpatients, aged 50-89 y. Intervention     @entity1 in the simultaneous exercise and psychotherapy (STEP) group (n = 26) took part in exercise and received psychotherapy for 30 min per session, whereas those in the TALK group (n = 26) received individual psychotherapy for 30 min per session. @entity1 in the control group (n = 26) served as a comparison group, receiving standard therapy. Outcome Measures     The effects of the interventions were determined by assessing differences from baseline to postintervention in the symptomatology of all 3 groups. The research team also administered the Behavioral and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-32) and the Geriatric @entity308 Scale (GDS) pre- and postintervention. Results     At posttest, the STEP group (M = 4.24, SE = 0.62) had a better response than the TALK group (M = 11.34, SE = 0.62, P < .001), which in turn showed greater improvement than the control group (M = 14.84, SE = 0.62, P < .001). Overall, these results indicate that @entity1 ' posttreatment @entity308 scores were significantly lower in those receiving the STEP treatment compared with those receiving individual psychotherapy only or standard care. Conclusion     A short-term exercise program consisting of 30 min of walking in conjunction with individual psychotherapy was an effective intervention for @entity308 among older adults in inpatient @entity146 units.

title: The Effects of Simultaneous Exercise and Psychotherapy on XXXX in Inpatient, Psychiatric Older Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive Symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of topical mometasone for @entity1184 treatment is well established. Nevertheless, the influence of atopy on this treatment remains ill defined. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the effects of topical mometasone furoate treatment on the adenoid tissue between atopic and nonatopic @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with obstructive respiratory complaints underwent a semistructured clinical questionnaire on nasal symptoms, prick test, and nasoendoscopy. Nasoendoscopic images were digitalized, and both adenoid and nasopharyngeal areas were measured in pixels; the relative adenoid/nasopharyngeal area was calculated. @entity1 were initially treated for 40 days with nasal saline solution. In a subsequent 40-day period, topical mometasone furoate (total dose, 100  g/day) was used. RESULTS: Topical mometasone significantly improved nasal obstruction, snoring, and @entity386 and also significantly reduced the adenoid tissue area related to the nasopharynx (p < 0.0001). Treatment with this glucocorticoid was not influenced by atopy, neither for symptoms nor for adenoid area. CONCLUSION: Topical mometasone furoate significantly reduced the adenoid tissue area and led to a supplementary improvement of nasal symptoms. This improvement was similar for atopic and nonatopic @entity1 .

title: Does atopy influence the effectiveness of treatment of XXXX with mometasone furoate?

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['adenoid hypertrophy']