abstract: Prior studies have shown that @entity591 results in @entity308 in @entity235 with chronic, gradual coronary occlusion. This response was compared with that produced by acute, total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Ten @entity235 served as controls; in another 10 @entity235 , an ameroid constrictor was implanted about the left anterior descending artery. This artery was acutely ligated in a third set of 10 animals, and in a final set of 10, the distal left anterior descending coronary vasculature was embolized by latex injection. @entity591 was produced by atrial pacing from rates of 90 to 250 beats/min using implanted atrial electrodes. Electrocardiographic signals registered from 84 torso electrodes were used to construct body surface isopotential maps during the ST segment. In normal @entity235 , pacing increased repolarization potentials without shifts in spatial features. New and abnormal anterior negativity, correlating with significant ST @entity308 , appeared at rates of 170 beats/min or faster in @entity235 with ameroid constriction. However, in both groups with @entity432 that produced transmural @entity583 , @entity591 resulted in increases in anterior ST elevation and reciprocal ST @entity308 . Specific findings demonstrated the lead dependency of the response to @entity591 and the greater than normal increase in potential magnitudes after @entity1188 than in control cases. The similarity of the response with @entity432 and with embolization suggested that the response to @entity591 after @entity1188 was not dependent on coronary collateral function but may represent a direct electrophysiologic effect of rate. Thus, these @entity432 models simulate exercise-induced ST segment elevation as it may be seen clinically.

title: Effects of experimental @entity583 on the ST segment response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: Prior studies have shown that @entity591 results in @entity308 in @entity235 with chronic, gradual coronary occlusion. This response was compared with that produced by acute, total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Ten @entity235 served as controls; in another 10 @entity235 , an ameroid constrictor was implanted about the left anterior descending artery. This artery was acutely ligated in a third set of 10 animals, and in a final set of 10, the distal left anterior descending coronary vasculature was embolized by latex injection. @entity591 was produced by atrial pacing from rates of 90 to 250 beats/min using implanted atrial electrodes. Electrocardiographic signals registered from 84 torso electrodes were used to construct body surface isopotential maps during the ST segment. In normal @entity235 , pacing increased repolarization potentials without shifts in spatial features. New and abnormal anterior negativity, correlating with significant ST @entity308 , appeared at rates of 170 beats/min or faster in @entity235 with ameroid constriction. However, in both groups with @entity432 that produced transmural @entity583 , @entity591 resulted in increases in anterior ST elevation and reciprocal ST @entity308 . Specific findings demonstrated the lead dependency of the response to @entity591 and the greater than normal increase in potential magnitudes after @entity1188 than in control cases. The similarity of the response with @entity432 and with embolization suggested that the response to @entity591 after @entity1188 was not dependent on coronary collateral function but may represent a direct electrophysiologic effect of rate. Thus, these @entity432 models simulate exercise-induced ST segment elevation as it may be seen clinically.

title: Effects of experimental XXXX on the ST segment response to @entity591 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Antiphospholipid (APLA), antiendothelial (AECA) and anti-oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL) autoantibodies are found in @entity455 . Pathogenetic contingency of @entity731 and these autoantibodies is still discussed, the mechanisms of their action in atherogenesis are not quite clear so far. @entity1 in various stages of endogenous @entity6392 as a model of accelerated @entity731 were investigated. We have sought possible correlations between autoantibodies and parameters of @entity731 with regard to the influence of endogenous @entity6392 on the @entity32 . Low titres of autoantibodies in @entity1 with active forms of disease result from the immunosuppressive effect of @entity230 . None of investigated group had high titres of APLA. No differences were found in AECA occurrence. No correlation of APLA, anti-oxLDL nor AECA with urinary free @entity701 and plasma @entity701 was found. There were no significant differences in autoantibody titres between @entity1 with or without @entity543 . These results suggest, that autoantibodies may not always influence the development and progression of @entity731 .

title: [Endothelial, phospholipid and oxidized LDL antibodies in XXXX with endogenous hypercortisolism].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hypercorticism']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1652 spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are important evolving entities, which have reached much attention in the recent years. NMOSD are characterized by inflammatory lesions in the optic nerves, spinal cord, and central parts of the brain, as well as an autoimmune process directed against @entity3951 . As disability in NMOSD accumulates by inflammatory damage from attacks, both the treatment and prevention of attacks are decisive for the long-term outcome. NMOSD attacks are treated with high-dose intravenous @entity288 and apheresis therapies, in particular therapeutic plasma exchange. In cases of incomplete remission, escalation of attack treatment is recommended. Preventive therapy is immunosuppressive and should by commenced as early as possible. Apart from classical immunosuppressants such as @entity500 and @entity618 , repurposed biologicals are increasingly used. B-cell depletion with rituximab and other agents, inhibition of the @entity650 receptor with tocilizumab, and blockade of complement-mediated damage by eculizumab all are promising therapeutic strategies evaluated in randomized controlled trials. In this review, we will discuss present and future immunotherapies for NMOSD and also consider combination of treatments, plasma, cellular and other therapies. Current advances in immunopathological knowledge are translated into innovative concepts and begin a new era of NMOSD therapy.

title: Present and Future Therapies in XXXX Spectrum Disorders.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['Neuromyelitis Optica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal cardiac surgery holds a clear therapeutic benefit in the treatment of lesions that increase in complexity due to pathologic blood flow patterns during development. Fetal and neonatal myocardial physiology differ substantially, particularly in the regulation of myocardial @entity460 concentration. To examine issues of @entity460 homeostasis and fetal myocardial protection, a novel isolated biventricular working fetal heart preparation was developed. METHODS: Hearts from 20 fetal @entity742 , 115 to 125 days gestation, were harvested and perfused with standard Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution. The descending aorta was ligated distal to the ductal insertion and the branch pulmonary arteries were ligated to mimic fetal cardiovascular physiology. Hearts were arrested for 30 minutes with normocalcemic (n = 8), @entity14645 (n = 6), or hypercalcemic (n = 6) cold crystalloid cardioplegia before reperfusion with K-H solution. RESULTS: Compared with normocalcemic cardioplegia, @entity14645 improved preservation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function (88% +/- 2.2% vs 64% +/- 15% recovery of end-systolic elastance, p = 0.02), diastolic function (12% +/- 21% vs 38% +/- 11% increase in end-diastolic stiffness, p = 0.04), and myocardial contractility (97% +/- 9.6% vs 75.2% +/- 13% recovery of preload recruitable @entity64 work [PRSW], p = 0.04). In contrast, the fetal myocardium was sensitive to @entity1167 with poor preservation of LV systolic function (37.5% +/- 8.4% recovery of elastance), diastolic function (86% +/- 21% increased stiffness), and overall contractility (32% +/- 13% recovery of PRSW). Myocardial water content was reduced in @entity1167 with @entity14645 (79% +/- 1.8% vs 83.7% +/- 0.9%, p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the fetal myocardium to cardioplegic @entity460 concentration. @entity14645 provides superior preservation of systolic, diastolic, and contractile function of the fetal myocardium.

title: Fetal myocardial protection is markedly improved by reduced cardioplegic XXXX content.

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic cardioplegia', 'Hypocalcemic cardioplegia', 'hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemic arrest', 'hearts arrested']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More insights in the etiopathogenesis of thrombi could be helpful in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ). One of the most confident and early imaging findings of @entity64 includes arterial hyperdensity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether thrombi's density and length would be useful for predicting their origin. METHODS: We evaluated 68 consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 to correlate the presence of thrombi and their imaging features with the @entity64 subtype. RESULTS: After excluding @entity1 with small-artery occlusion mechanism and undetermined and other causes, the @entity64 etiologic subtypes were large-artery @entity731 (LAA) in 59.0% of the @entity1 , cardioembolism in 31.0%, and cervical @entity4066 (CAD) in 10.0%. CAD more often caused thrombi with the longest length and highest attenuation, while thrombi that originated from the LAA had the smallest length and lowest attenuation. The mean Hounsfield unit (HU) values of all thrombi (with and without hyperdensity) on noncontrast computed tomography were 62.4 (50.0-70.0) in CAD, 53.8 (42.0-65.0) in cardioembolism, and 48.6 (27.0-65.0) in LAA. The length measurements were 28.5   mm (12.0-52.0) in CAD, 13.7   mm (5.0-31.0) in cardioembolism, and 10.8   mm (3.0-25.0) in the LAA subtype. The minimum cutoff value of 60   HU and a length greater than 20   mm were able to discriminate the CAD thrombi with an accuracy of 86.8% and 92.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study findings show how important thrombus analysis is in @entity1 with @entity64 . @entity715 analysis can allow early suspicion of CAD before dedicated imaging of the cervical arteries is performed.

title: XXXX Features in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke: A Perspective on Using Length and Density Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['artery dissection']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) continues to gain popularity as a treatment modality for early glottic @entity5 . Oncologic outcomes have been well-defined, but there are little data to date describing functional outcomes accounting for stage of resection. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 -rated voice handicap and observer-rated vocal quality of @entity1 who underwent TLM for early @entity189 . @entity1 were grouped by European Laryngological Society (ELS) resection type, and the data were combined for ELS type I-III and compared with advanced resections (ELS IV-VI). The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) was used for @entity1 -rated voice outcomes, and voice recordings were graded by two senior speech-language pathologists. Voice recordings and VHI scores were taken preoperatively and at least 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: No major complications were encountered. Six of 49 @entity1 underwent repeat resection for suspicious findings with pathology, demonstrating moderate @entity1141 in two cases, @entity189 in situ in two cases, and inflamed mucosa only in two cases. There was no significant difference in preoperative VHI scores or objective voice grades among @entity1 who underwent limited (ELS I-III) and those who required more advanced (ELS IV-VI) resection. There was a significant improvement in VHI scores in @entity1 after ELS type I to III resection, from 38.77 to 22.86 (P   =   .006). There was no significant difference between mean preoperative and postoperative perceptual evaluation scores in @entity1 who underwent ELS type I, II, or III resections (62.25 and 64.32 respectively, P   =   .621). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who undergo limited ELS resections can be assured of having a similar to improved voice after healing. @entity1 who undergo extended resections have poorer vocal outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 126:405-407, 2016.

title: Subjective and objective voice outcomes after transoral laser microsurgery for early glottic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the natural history of small asymptomatic @entity788 ( @entity788 ) and to present a matched comparison between groups who underwent either initial observation or resection. Management approach for small @entity788 is uncertain. METHODS: Incidentally discovered, sporadic, small (<3  cm), stage I-II @entity788 were analyzed retrospectively between 1993 and 2013. Diagnosis was determined either by pathology or imaging characteristics. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied. RESULTS: A total of 464 @entity1 were reviewed. Observation was recommended for 104 @entity1 (observation group), and these @entity1 were matched to 77 @entity1 in the resection group based on @entity5 size at initial imaging. The observation group was significantly older (median 63 vs. 59  years, p  =  0.04) and tended towards shorter follow-up (44 vs. 57  months, p  =  0.06). Within the observation group, 26 of the 104 @entity1 (25  %) underwent subsequent @entity5 resection after a median observation interval of 30  months (range 7-135). At the time of last follow-up of the observation group, the median @entity5 size had not changed (1.2  cm, p  =  0.7), and no @entity1 had developed evidence of @entity3 . Within the resection group, low-grade (G1) pathology was recorded in 72 (95  %) @entity5 and 5 (6  %) developed a recurrence, which occurred after a median of 5.1 (range 2.9-8.1) years. No @entity1 in either group died from disease. @entity204 from other causes occurred in 11 of 181 (6  %) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no @entity1 who was initially observed developed @entity3 or died from disease after a median follow-up of 44  months. Observation for stable, small, incidentally discovered @entity788 is reasonable in selected @entity1 .

title: Observation versus Resection for Small Asymptomatic XXXX : A Matched Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PanNET', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Teach-back may improve communication, but has not been well studied in the emergency setting. The goal of this study was to characterize perceptions of teach-back in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) by health literacy. METHODS: We conducted an in-depth interview study on the @entity341 discharge process examining teach-back techniques in two tertiary care centers (adult and pediatric), using asthma as a model system for health communication. @entity1 were screened for health literacy, and purposive sampling was used to balance the sample between literacy groups. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached for each literacy group at each site; audiotaped, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Fifty-one interviews were completed (31 parents; 20 @entity1 ). Across all groups, @entity1 felt that teach-back would help them confirm learning, avoid forgetting key information, and improve doctor- @entity1 communication. @entity1 with limited health literacy raised concerns about teach-back being condescending, but suggested techniques for introducing the technique to avoid this perception. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 were supportive of teach-back techniques, but many were concerned about perceived judgment from providers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Future investigations should focus on feasibility and efficacy of teach-back in the @entity341 and using @entity1 generated wording to introduce teach-back.

title: "Like a dialogue": Teach-back in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Untreated mental health problems may result in poor outcomes for youth with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ). We investigated perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental healthcare of these youth. METHODS: We conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with 16 outpatient youth with @entity1252 / @entity2406 , ages 11-22 years, and their parents. We used purposive sampling to deliberately obtain the experiences of youth screened during a previous study for @entity308 and @entity148 with the @entity1 Health Questionnaire 9 and the Screen for Childhood @entity148 , respectively. We recruited 6 youth with previous positive screens and 10 with negative screens. We assessed interim mental health history, and qualitatively examined perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental healthcare. RESULTS: Youth with a mental health history increased from 6 (38  %) at initial screening to 9 (56  %) at interview (mean follow-up   =   2.1  years). Youth receiving mental health treatment increased from 33 to 67  %. Youth and parents identified rheumatologists as primary physicians and found mental health screening in rheumatology acceptable. Barriers to mental healthcare included: stigma; fear; uncertainty about getting help; parental emotional burden; minimization by doctors; and limited mental healthcare access. Facilitators included: strong clinician relationships; clinician initiative, sincerity and normalization in discussing mental health; and increased @entity1 /family awareness of mental health issues in @entity1252 / @entity2406 . CONCLUSION: Youth with @entity1252 / @entity2406 and their parents perceive pediatric rheumatologists as a preferred source for mental health screening, guidance and referral. Interventions addressing barriers and enhancing facilitators may improve mental healthcare for youth with @entity1252 / @entity2406 .

title: Barriers and facilitators for mental healthcare in pediatric lupus and XXXX : a qualitative study of youth and parent perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety and Related Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease', 'MCTD']

answer: @entity2406 :: (MESH:D008947,Disease) :: ['mixed connective tissue disease']


abstract: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity263 treated by prostatectomy received postoperative external beam radiation. Sixteen @entity1 were treated within 4 months of radical prostatectomy (group 1), 12 @entity1 were treated for @entity263 following initial enucleative prostatectomy for benign @entity1184 (group 2) and 6 @entity1 were treated for palpable local recurrence 4 to 10 years following radical prostatectomy (group 3). The indications for postoperative radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy included extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, peri-prostatic soft tissue involvement, positive margins or palpable local recurrence. Eighty-five percent of the @entity1 received whole pelvic radiation. All @entity1 then had a 2-week treatment rest followed by a reduced portal to the prostate bed to a dose of 6500 cGy. The local control rate after radiotherapy was 100% with a median follow-up of 4 years. The 5-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival rates for all @entity1 were 82 and 72%, respectively. In group 1, the 5-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival rates were 100 and 91%, respectively. In group 2, these rates were 77 and 64%. Three of the six @entity1 in group 3 died within 30 months of radiotherapy. Fourteen @entity1 (41%) had mild to moderate treatment related symptoms including seven @entity1 (21%) with lower @entity4 , five @entity1 (15%) with @entity3142 , two @entity1 (6%) with urethral stricture and three @entity1 (9%) with @entity4272 . Six of eight @entity1 who were potent prior to radiation retained potency thereafter. No severe @entity532 occurred. We conclude that external beam radiation therapy administered after prostatectomy resulted in an acceptable therapeutic ratio with 100% local regional control, and an acceptable complication rate (41%).

title: Definitive radiotherapy following prostatectomy: results and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['extremity or genital edema']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['complications']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality is useful for differentiating between @entity463 and metastatic disease, but its significance has not been studied. We aimed to determine the incidence and prognostic implications of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality in @entity463 . METHODS: @entity1 with a new diagnosis of @entity463 between September 2007 and December 2010 were identified. Only @entity1 with at least fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and post-contrast T1-weighted sequences were included. Pre-operative MRIs were reviewed together by two readers to determine whether there was evidence of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality, based primarily on the FLAIR sequence. The results were compared with @entity1 survival using both univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-one @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-seven @entity1 (51%) had evidence of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality. On both univariate and multivariate analysis, there was overall no significant difference in survival between @entity1 with non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality and those without. Peripheral enhancing lesions (51 @entity1 ) were generally associated with the longest survival, but subgroup analysis suggested that non-enhancing signal abnormality was associated with worse survival in these @entity1 (P   =   0.004), conveying an intermediate prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality is a common feature of @entity463 , occurring in about half of cases. It does not affect survival overall, but appears to be associated with worse survival in the setting of a peripherally located enhancing lesion. This has the potential to alter surgical management.

title: Incidence and prognostic significance of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the performance of the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at baseline and longitudinally in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 attending Austin Health, Melbourne, with>= 3 prospective @entity33299 measurements were included in this retrospective study. Plasma disappearance rate of @entity5531 ( @entity5531 ) was used to calculate measured @entity33299 ( @entity33299 ) and compared to estimated @entity33299 (eGFR). The agreement between @entity33299 and eGFR was estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 152 @entity1 had a median of 4 (IQR: 3, 5) @entity33299 measurements over a period of 11years (IQR: 9, 12). The difference between @entity33299 and eGFR increased proportionally to the magnitude of the @entity33299 , increasing by 0.2ml/min/1.73m(2) for every 1ml/min/1.73m(2) increase in @entity33299 , indicative of proportional bias. At lower @entity33299 levels, eGFR overestimated @entity33299 , and at higher @entity33299 levels, eGFR underestimated @entity33299 . There was a significant association between LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity33299 and eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI formula underestimates @entity33299 and the rate of decline of @entity33299 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with an @entity33299 greater than 60ml/min/1.73m(2). The association between LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity33299 and eGFR warrants further study.

title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate: Performance of the CKD-EPI equation over time in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity5531 :: ('MESH:D004369', 'Chemical') :: ['DTPA', 'diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the performance of the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at baseline and longitudinally in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 attending Austin Health, Melbourne, with>= 3 prospective @entity33299 measurements were included in this retrospective study. Plasma disappearance rate of @entity5531 ( @entity5531 ) was used to calculate measured @entity33299 ( @entity33299 ) and compared to estimated @entity33299 (eGFR). The agreement between @entity33299 and eGFR was estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 152 @entity1 had a median of 4 (IQR: 3, 5) @entity33299 measurements over a period of 11years (IQR: 9, 12). The difference between @entity33299 and eGFR increased proportionally to the magnitude of the @entity33299 , increasing by 0.2ml/min/1.73m(2) for every 1ml/min/1.73m(2) increase in @entity33299 , indicative of proportional bias. At lower @entity33299 levels, eGFR overestimated @entity33299 , and at higher @entity33299 levels, eGFR underestimated @entity33299 . There was a significant association between LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity33299 and eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI formula underestimates @entity33299 and the rate of decline of @entity33299 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with an @entity33299 greater than 60ml/min/1.73m(2). The association between LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity33299 and eGFR warrants further study.

title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate: Performance of the CKD-EPI equation over time in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the performance of the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at baseline and longitudinally in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 attending Austin Health, Melbourne, with>= 3 prospective @entity33299 measurements were included in this retrospective study. Plasma disappearance rate of @entity5531 ( @entity5531 ) was used to calculate measured @entity33299 ( @entity33299 ) and compared to estimated @entity33299 (eGFR). The agreement between @entity33299 and eGFR was estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 152 @entity1 had a median of 4 (IQR: 3, 5) @entity33299 measurements over a period of 11years (IQR: 9, 12). The difference between @entity33299 and eGFR increased proportionally to the magnitude of the @entity33299 , increasing by 0.2ml/min/1.73m(2) for every 1ml/min/1.73m(2) increase in @entity33299 , indicative of proportional bias. At lower @entity33299 levels, eGFR overestimated @entity33299 , and at higher @entity33299 levels, eGFR underestimated @entity33299 . There was a significant association between LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity33299 and eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI formula underestimates @entity33299 and the rate of decline of @entity33299 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with an @entity33299 greater than 60ml/min/1.73m(2). The association between LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity33299 and eGFR warrants further study.

title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate: Performance of the CKD-EPI equation over time in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is difficult to treat and available options are frequently not sufficient. The expectorant @entity5923 also works as a strong local anesthetic and blocks @entity1372 channels about 40 times more potently than @entity3303 . @entity5923 preferentially inhibits the channel subtype @entity8603 , which is expressed particularly in nociceptive C  fibers. Due to the @entity137 , topical @entity5923 seemed to represent a reasonable therapeutic attempt for treatment of @entity9 resistant to other standard options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 7 @entity1 with severe @entity9 , in whom many attempts at treatment with approved substances were not sufficient or possible, are reported retrospectively. @entity1 were then treated with topical @entity5923 20   % cream applied in the area of @entity9 . RESULTS: Causes of @entity9 were @entity14000 (2-*), @entity4216 , @entity158 , @entity158 , @entity86 and an unclear allodynia of the foot. Mean @entity158 intensity was reported as 4-6/10 on a numeric rating scale (NRS) and maximum @entity158 intensity as 6-10/10. @entity158 following @entity5923 cream was 2-8 points (NRS) within 15-30  min and lasted 3-8  h. @entity158 attacks were reduced in all 5 @entity1 presenting this problem. Topical @entity5923 achieved @entity158 reduction in 4 @entity1 with no improvement after @entity3303 5   % and 1 @entity1 with no response to @entity2951 8   %. No adverse events or skin changes have been observed, and the longest treatment duration is currently 4 years. CONCLUSION: @entity5923 acts as a strong local anesthetic and preferentially inhibits the nociceptive-relevant @entity1372 channel subtype @entity8603 . For the first time, we report relevant @entity158 reduction following topical @entity5923 20   % cream in @entity1 with @entity9 . Regarding the advantageous profile with rare side effects, the clinical benefit for @entity158 @entity1 should be further investigated.

title: [Topical @entity5923 for the treatment of XXXX : A first clinical observation. German version].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['low toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathy multiplex']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['phantom pain', 'deafferentation pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'Pain reduction']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity5923 :: ('MESH:D000551', 'Chemical') :: ['ambroxol', 'Ambroxol']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is difficult to treat and available options are frequently not sufficient. The expectorant @entity5923 also works as a strong local anesthetic and blocks @entity1372 channels about 40 times more potently than @entity3303 . @entity5923 preferentially inhibits the channel subtype @entity8603 , which is expressed particularly in nociceptive C  fibers. Due to the @entity137 , topical @entity5923 seemed to represent a reasonable therapeutic attempt for treatment of @entity9 resistant to other standard options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 7 @entity1 with severe @entity9 , in whom many attempts at treatment with approved substances were not sufficient or possible, are reported retrospectively. @entity1 were then treated with topical @entity5923 20   % cream applied in the area of @entity9 . RESULTS: Causes of @entity9 were @entity14000 (2-*), @entity4216 , @entity158 , @entity158 , @entity86 and an unclear allodynia of the foot. Mean @entity158 intensity was reported as 4-6/10 on a numeric rating scale (NRS) and maximum @entity158 intensity as 6-10/10. @entity158 following @entity5923 cream was 2-8 points (NRS) within 15-30  min and lasted 3-8  h. @entity158 attacks were reduced in all 5 @entity1 presenting this problem. Topical @entity5923 achieved @entity158 reduction in 4 @entity1 with no improvement after @entity3303 5   % and 1 @entity1 with no response to @entity2951 8   %. No adverse events or skin changes have been observed, and the longest treatment duration is currently 4 years. CONCLUSION: @entity5923 acts as a strong local anesthetic and preferentially inhibits the nociceptive-relevant @entity1372 channel subtype @entity8603 . For the first time, we report relevant @entity158 reduction following topical @entity5923 20   % cream in @entity1 with @entity9 . Regarding the advantageous profile with rare side effects, the clinical benefit for @entity158 @entity1 should be further investigated.

title: [Topical XXXX for the treatment of @entity9 : A first clinical observation. German version].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5923 :: (MESH:D000551,Chemical) :: ['ambroxol']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity67 ( @entity67 ) are commonly placed in the lateral ventricle but rarely placed in other ventricular compartments. This manuscript describes technical aspects of VAD placement into the fourth ventricle for the purpose of treating @entity1313 . METHODS: As part of a pilot clinical trial to treat recurrent malignant @entity1313 in @entity1 , seven @entity1 underwent posterior fossa craniotomy and placement of a ventricular catheter under direct vision into the fourth ventricle. The catheter was placed without passing through any brain parenchyma. It was then connected to a VAD placed subcutaneously at the inferior aspect of the incision. Three of the seven @entity1 underwent simultaneous subtotal resection of recurrent @entity5 located in the fourth ventricle or cerebellum, and one @entity1 underwent simultaneous @entity5 biopsy. The VAD was used to administer chemotherapy ( @entity1499 ) in five of the seven @entity1 . RESULTS: Six @entity1 had no new @entity51 after surgery, and one @entity1 had partial left-sided facial weakness that was attributed to resection of @entity5 close to the floor of the fourth ventricle. No new @entity51 were caused by VAD placement or by @entity1499 infusions into the fourth ventricle. CONCLUSIONS: A VAD for chemotherapy infusion can be placed safely into the fourth ventricle without damaging the brainstem or cerebellum. Attention to anatomical details specific to the fourth ventricle are important when placing a fourth ventricle VAD and when using it to administer chemotherapy.

title: Ventricular access device placement in the fourth ventricle to treat malignant fourth XXXX : technical note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant posterior fossa brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['VADs', 'Ventricular access devices']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['ventricle brain tumors']


abstract: The Swedish Association for Sex Education tested 1556 @entity1 for @entity2954 . The @entity1 were 14-49 years of age and attended contraceptive clinics in Stockholm and Goteborg. Cultures were taken from the urethra, cervix, and rectum. 24 (1.5%) of the @entity1 had @entity2954 , of whom 23 were between 15-24. 21 of the 1023 unmarried @entity1 had positive @entity2954 tests. 16 of the 1137 @entity1 who used oral contraceptives had positive tests. Gonococci were found in 20 cervical tests, 11 urethral tests, and 6 rectal tests. 3 cases were diagnosed solely by the rectal tests. 11 of the 24 @entity1 had no symptoms, 6 pelvic afflictions, and 3 had urethral afflictions. In some cases @entity1 who had had sexual contact with the infected @entity1 were tested; 1 positive @entity2954 test was found among these @entity1 .

title: [Screening tests for XXXX in clinics for contraceptive advice].

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonorrhea']


abstract: Regional chemotherapy with intra-arterial @entity900 and @entity632 as an adjuvant to total cystectomy and urinary diversion has been evaluated in a phase I to II study. In the first 17 @entity1 chemotherapy consisted of 40 to 75 mg. per m. @entity900 intra-arterially during 30 minutes, 30 to 40 mg. per m. @entity632 intra-arterially during 60 minutes (11 @entity1 ) or 12 hours (6 @entity1 ) and 400 to 500 mg. per m. @entity786 intravenously. The remaining 8 @entity1 received 70 to 100 mg. per m. @entity900 intra-arterially during 30 minutes. Intra-arterial chemotherapy was administered through a percutaneous catheter placed in the hypogastric artery before each course. Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals. A total of 25 @entity1 received 58 courses (median 2 per @entity1 ). Clinical stages of disease in the @entity1 entering the protocol were T3aNxMo (8), T3bNx-2Mo (12) and T4a-bNxMx-1 (5). Clinical response was assessed in 24 of 25 @entity1 : 6 achieved a complete clinical response, 12 had a partial response and 7 had no response. Of 25 @entity1 16 underwent total cystectomy and urinary diversion with pathological staging as follows: ToNoMo in 3, T1NoMo in 1, T3aNoMo in 5, T3bNo-2Mo in 6 and T4NoMo in 1. Intra-arterial chemotherapy can produce a complete pathological response in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity150 and is tolerated well by most @entity1 .

title: Intra-arterial chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platinum']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: The course and outcome of 169 pregnancies in 156 @entity1 with chronic @entity101 were studied. Antihypertensive medications were given if the diastolic blood pressure exceeded 90 mmHg. A number of major associated medical problems were found. @entity4346 , a serum @entity1011 greater than 1.0 mg%, and a diastolic pressure greater than 100 mmHg at less than 20 weeks' gestation were high-risk indicators. The overall perinatal mortality was 28.4 of 1000 (versus hospital of 25.6 of 1000). Despite antihypertensive therapy, one-third of the @entity1 developed superimposed @entity1468 . The poorest outcome occurred in @entity1 with superimposed @entity1468 necessitating delivery at 27 to 34 weeks' gestation (perinatal mortality = 238 of 1000). Antepartum fetal heart rate testing was abnormal in 10% of the @entity1 with @entity1592 occurring in 15%. The incidence of @entity1592 was fourfold higher (20 versus 5%) in @entity1 treated with antihypertensive drugs, particularly methyldopa as a single agent. However, this may have been related more to the study design than to a detrimental effect of the drug. The perinatal outcome in this study is similar to the outcome of studies in which antihypertensive therapy was withheld. This indicates that controlling the blood pressure is merely one aspect of the management of chronic @entity101 in pregnancy. Accurate dating, attention to associated medical problems, antenatal fetal assessment by ultrasound and heart rate monitoring, and carefully timed delivery are additional important factors.

title: Chronic XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation', 'intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: CONTEXT: Mixed findings exist on whether stimulant medications alter youth sleep. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of stimulant medications on sleep. DATA STUDIES: Studies published through March 2015 were collected via CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed. References of retrieved articles were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included studies with @entity1 /adolescents who had @entity71 ( @entity71 ), random assignment to stimulants, and objective sleep measurement. Studies that did not include information about key variables were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Study-level, @entity1 -level, and sleep data were extracted by 2 independent coders. Effect sizes were calculated by using random effects models. Potential moderators were examined by using mixed effect models. RESULTS: A total of 9 articles (N = 246) were included. For sleep latency, the adjusted effect size (0.54) was significant, indicating that stimulants produce longer sleep latencies. Frequency of dose per day was a significant moderator. For sleep efficiency, the adjusted effect size (-0.32) was significant. Significant moderators included length of time on medication, number of nights of sleep assessed, polysomnography/actigraphy, and gender. Specifically, the effect of medication was less evident when youth were taking medication longer. For total sleep time, the effect size (-0.59) was significant, such that stimulants led to @entity25 . LIMITATIONS: Limitations include few studies, limited methodologic variability, and lack of unpublished studies. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulant medication led to longer sleep latency, worse sleep efficiency, and @entity25 . Overall, youth had worse sleep on stimulant medications. It is recommended that pediatricians carefully monitor sleep problems and adjust treatment to promote optimal sleep.

title: Stimulant Medications and Sleep for Youth With XXXX : A Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['shorter sleep duration']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some cases of apparently @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) may be caused by pituitary autoimmunity. OBJECTIVE: To study the variations in pituitary function and antipituitary antibodies (APA) from childhood to transition age in @entity1 with apparently idiopathic @entity2338 . DESIGN: We conducted a longitudinal study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Pituitary function and APA detection by immunofluorescence were investigated in 24 childhood @entity1 with @entity2338 before starting recombinant GH therapy and after the stopping of this therapy in transition age. Sera of @entity1 positive for APA were processed by double immunofluorescence to identify their pituitary target. RESULTS: At diagnosis, 16 out of 24 @entity1 were APA positive targeting only somatotrophs (group 1), while the remaining eight were APA negative (group 2). When retested off therapy, 12 out of 16 @entity1 in group 1 persisted being APA positive, while the remaining four became negative with recovery of pituitary function. All @entity1 in group 2 persisted being APA negative but still showing @entity2338 . Of the 12 @entity1 persistently APA positive, eight with confirmed @entity2338 showed APA still targeting somatotrophs, whereas four showed APA targeting only gonadotrophs associated with isolated @entity6126 ( @entity6126 ). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with APA at middle but not at high titer in childhood may show a remission of @entity792 in childhood after GH replacement therapy. As APA may shift their target in transition period, an early characterization of APA by double immunofluorescence is advisable in APA positive @entity2338 @entity1 showing delayed puberty, to allow an early diagnosis and an appropriate therapy, thus preventing the progression toward @entity6126 .

title: Longitudinal behavior of XXXX : from childhood to transition age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['isolated GHD', 'GHD', 'idiopathic GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune GHD']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['HH', 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune GH deficiency']


abstract: A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index ( @entity23019 AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 @entity1 before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and @entity26 saturation were obtained simultaneously during stepwise (1.0 micro g/mL) induction of target-controlled @entity1875 concentration until 5.0 micro g/mL, followed by an infusion of 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity1937 . Every minute, the @entity1 were asked to squeeze the observer's hand. Prediction probability (Pk), receiver operating characteristic, and logistic regression were used to calculate the probability to predict the conditions AWAKE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS (first loss of hand squeeze), and steady-state ANESTHESIA (5.0 micro g/mL of @entity1875 and 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity1937 ). Although a statistically significant difference among the conditions was observed for AAI, BIS, mean arterial blood pressure, median frequency, and %alpha, only AAI and BIS were able to distinguish UNCONSCIOUSNESS versus AWAKE and ANESTHESIA versus AWAKE with better than Pk = 0.90. The modern electroencephalographic variables AAI and BIS were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables to distinguish the observed anesthetic conditions. IMPLICATIONS: The modern electroencephalographic @entity23019 -derived auditory evoked potential index and the bispectral index were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables for predicting anesthetic conditions. Variables derived from the auditory evoked potential did not provide an advantage over variables derived from spontaneous electroencephalogram.

title: XXXX -derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with @entity1875 and @entity1937 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity23019 :: (170302,Gene) :: ['ARX']


abstract: A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index ( @entity23019 AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 @entity1 before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and @entity26 saturation were obtained simultaneously during stepwise (1.0 micro g/mL) induction of target-controlled @entity1875 concentration until 5.0 micro g/mL, followed by an infusion of 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity1937 . Every minute, the @entity1 were asked to squeeze the observer's hand. Prediction probability (Pk), receiver operating characteristic, and logistic regression were used to calculate the probability to predict the conditions AWAKE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS (first loss of hand squeeze), and steady-state ANESTHESIA (5.0 micro g/mL of @entity1875 and 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity1937 ). Although a statistically significant difference among the conditions was observed for AAI, BIS, mean arterial blood pressure, median frequency, and %alpha, only AAI and BIS were able to distinguish UNCONSCIOUSNESS versus AWAKE and ANESTHESIA versus AWAKE with better than Pk = 0.90. The modern electroencephalographic variables AAI and BIS were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables to distinguish the observed anesthetic conditions. IMPLICATIONS: The modern electroencephalographic @entity23019 -derived auditory evoked potential index and the bispectral index were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables for predicting anesthetic conditions. Variables derived from the auditory evoked potential did not provide an advantage over variables derived from spontaneous electroencephalogram.

title: @entity23019 -derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with @entity1875 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index ( @entity23019 AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 @entity1 before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and @entity26 saturation were obtained simultaneously during stepwise (1.0 micro g/mL) induction of target-controlled @entity1875 concentration until 5.0 micro g/mL, followed by an infusion of 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity1937 . Every minute, the @entity1 were asked to squeeze the observer's hand. Prediction probability (Pk), receiver operating characteristic, and logistic regression were used to calculate the probability to predict the conditions AWAKE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS (first loss of hand squeeze), and steady-state ANESTHESIA (5.0 micro g/mL of @entity1875 and 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity1937 ). Although a statistically significant difference among the conditions was observed for AAI, BIS, mean arterial blood pressure, median frequency, and %alpha, only AAI and BIS were able to distinguish UNCONSCIOUSNESS versus AWAKE and ANESTHESIA versus AWAKE with better than Pk = 0.90. The modern electroencephalographic variables AAI and BIS were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables to distinguish the observed anesthetic conditions. IMPLICATIONS: The modern electroencephalographic @entity23019 -derived auditory evoked potential index and the bispectral index were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables for predicting anesthetic conditions. Variables derived from the auditory evoked potential did not provide an advantage over variables derived from spontaneous electroencephalogram.

title: @entity23019 -derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with XXXX and @entity1937 .

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Lectins are glycoproteins of plant and animal origin that have the ability to bind specific @entity1735 residues of cell glycoconjugates, particularly in terminal positions. In this study, the binding of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), @entity1460 agglutinin (SBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (isolectin B4), @entity6248 (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), was studied in the reproductive systems of male thoroughbred @entity1641 . @entity7840 was detected in the stereocilia of the caput and @entity6789 , and in the vas deferens. It was weakly detected in connective tissue of the @entity6789 . Strong SBA staining was seen in epithelial cells in the testis, stereocilia of the corpus and @entity1971 , and in the vas deferens. There were intense positive reactions for isolectin B4 in interstitial cells in all tissue and serosa of the vas deferens. PNA staining was seen only in stereocilia in the caput and @entity6789 , and in the vas deferens. Strong WGA staining was seen throughout the testis, except in Sertoli cells, stereocilia, and connective tissue. UEA-I was detected in secondary spermatids, stereocilia, and epithelial cells of the @entity1971 . These results show that degenerating cells in the testis, epididymal tubules, and vas deferens have differential affinities for lectins, and suggest that lectins play a role in the reproductive system of the @entity1641 . The heterogeneity of the lectin staining pattern in the reproductive tubules of adult @entity1641 suggests that the @entity1735 composition of each cell type is region specific.

title: Histochemical detection of glycoconjugates in the male reproductive system of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda epididymis']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus epididymis']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Triticum vulgaris']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 referred because of primary @entity2588 was found to have a hypoplastic uterus and persistent @entity4089 (72-110 ng/ml). The gonadotrophin-dependent pubertal signs, i.e. breast and vulvar development, were significantly retarded (Tanner stage 2-3) while sexual hair was well developed; bone age was 13 years. The endocrinological evaluation revealed gonadotrophin secretion (LH-basal: 0.85-1.25; peak after LH-RH: 10.4 mIU/ml; FSH-basal: 1.63-2.5; peak: 8.2 mIU/ml) and E2 levels (26-68 pg/ml) which were appropriate for Tanner stage 3. The high basal levels of @entity4090 were nonresponsive to either stimulatory (TRH) or inhibitory ( @entity7831 ) agents. CT scan of the brain suggested the presence of a @entity4611 . Following therapy with @entity2847 (2.5 mg/day) plasma @entity4090 levels dropped to normal (5-6.8 ng/ml) with an accompanying catch-up of pubertal development and linear growth and a marked increase in size of the uterus as documented by repeated ultrasonographic examinations. Menarche occurred 5 months after initiation of therapy, followed by regular menses thereafter. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed a decrease in the density and size of the still persisting lesion. This @entity1 demonstrates that @entity4089 can cause delayed @entity1175 with a particular inhibitory effect on uterine growth and development.

title: @entity1175 and hypoplastic uterus associated with @entity4089 : successful treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenoma']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 referred because of primary @entity2588 was found to have a hypoplastic uterus and persistent @entity4089 (72-110 ng/ml). The gonadotrophin-dependent pubertal signs, i.e. breast and vulvar development, were significantly retarded (Tanner stage 2-3) while sexual hair was well developed; bone age was 13 years. The endocrinological evaluation revealed gonadotrophin secretion (LH-basal: 0.85-1.25; peak after LH-RH: 10.4 mIU/ml; FSH-basal: 1.63-2.5; peak: 8.2 mIU/ml) and E2 levels (26-68 pg/ml) which were appropriate for Tanner stage 3. The high basal levels of @entity4090 were nonresponsive to either stimulatory (TRH) or inhibitory ( @entity7831 ) agents. CT scan of the brain suggested the presence of a @entity4611 . Following therapy with @entity2847 (2.5 mg/day) plasma @entity4090 levels dropped to normal (5-6.8 ng/ml) with an accompanying catch-up of pubertal development and linear growth and a marked increase in size of the uterus as documented by repeated ultrasonographic examinations. Menarche occurred 5 months after initiation of therapy, followed by regular menses thereafter. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed a decrease in the density and size of the still persisting lesion. This @entity1 demonstrates that @entity4089 can cause delayed @entity1175 with a particular inhibitory effect on uterine growth and development.

title: XXXX and hypoplastic uterus associated with @entity4089 : successful treatment with @entity2847 .

answer: @entity1175 :: (MESH:D011628,Disease) :: ['Delayed puberty']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 referred because of primary @entity2588 was found to have a hypoplastic uterus and persistent @entity4089 (72-110 ng/ml). The gonadotrophin-dependent pubertal signs, i.e. breast and vulvar development, were significantly retarded (Tanner stage 2-3) while sexual hair was well developed; bone age was 13 years. The endocrinological evaluation revealed gonadotrophin secretion (LH-basal: 0.85-1.25; peak after LH-RH: 10.4 mIU/ml; FSH-basal: 1.63-2.5; peak: 8.2 mIU/ml) and E2 levels (26-68 pg/ml) which were appropriate for Tanner stage 3. The high basal levels of @entity4090 were nonresponsive to either stimulatory (TRH) or inhibitory ( @entity7831 ) agents. CT scan of the brain suggested the presence of a @entity4611 . Following therapy with @entity2847 (2.5 mg/day) plasma @entity4090 levels dropped to normal (5-6.8 ng/ml) with an accompanying catch-up of pubertal development and linear growth and a marked increase in size of the uterus as documented by repeated ultrasonographic examinations. Menarche occurred 5 months after initiation of therapy, followed by regular menses thereafter. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed a decrease in the density and size of the still persisting lesion. This @entity1 demonstrates that @entity4089 can cause delayed @entity1175 with a particular inhibitory effect on uterine growth and development.

title: @entity1175 and hypoplastic uterus associated with XXXX : successful treatment with @entity2847 .

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: The objectives of the present study were to compare the in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization and early embryonic development of @entity291 oocytes recovered from ovaries during the follicular, metestrus and diestrus stages of the estrous cycle and at anestrus and pregnancy after maturation in a serum free culture medium. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from ovaries at different reproductive statuses were matured in medium 199 supplemented with 10 g/ml FSH, 10 g/ml LH, 1.5 g/m @entity53 , 75 g/ml @entity3639 , 100 IU/ml @entity114 and 10 mM @entity7482 . COCs were incubated in 200 microl droplets of maturation medium 199 under oil for 24 h at 39 90 degree angle c and 5% @entity515 . Matured oocytes were exposed to frozen-thawed TALP swim up, heparin capacitated sperm from two bulls separately in each replicate (20 h, 39C, 5% @entity515 ). After fertilization, the presumptive zygotes were cultured in medium 199 containing 8 mg/ml BSA-V, 100 IU/ml @entity3397 , 75 g/ml @entity3639 and 10 mM HEPES for 144 h at 39C and 5% @entity515 without medium freshening or change. Oocytes/embryos were fixed, stained with @entity14939 and evaluated under fluorescent microscope. The IVM rates were almost similar among oocytes from all reproductive statuses (range: 89.8 to 95.4%). However, IVM rates for oocytes from the metestrus (90.6%) and pregnant (89.9%) phases were lower than the other groups. The fertilization rates were lower (p<0.05) for oocytes from the diestrus phase (72.4%) than from the other phases (range: 81.1 to 86.6%). Oocytes, recovered during the metestrus phase of the estrous cycle, resulted in the highest cleavage rate (60.0%), while oocytes from the diestrus phase had the poorest embryonic development (39.8%: p<0.05). Majority of the embryos from all reproductive phases showed a developmental arrest around 8-cell stage. Although the developmental competence of oocytes from pregnant and anestrus animals was lower than that from the other reproductive stages, they could be potentially used as oocyte donors. Long term, in vitro embryo culture without medium freshening or change was hypothesized to have caused the failure to overcome the 8-cell block to development.

title: Effect of reproductive status on in vitro developmental competence of XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin-G']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Controversies surrounding the physiological effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) currently lie at the forefront of medicine. Important interindividual factors that affect blood pressure, such as smoking, body mass and @entity1372 intake, may account for the conflicting findings seen in studies examining the effects of HRT on blood pressure. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: The effect of combination HRT and @entity172 -only replacement therapy (ERT) on ambulatory blood pressure was examined in a sample of 46 healthy, normotensive, non-smoking, non-obese postmenopausal @entity1 between 45 and 65 years of age. Twenty-four hour urinary @entity1372 excretion was examined prior to and following treatment. The @entity1 were randomized to 3 months' treatment with HRT, ERT or placebo. RESULTS: After treatment, there were no significant effects of either HRT or ERT on daytime or night-time systolic or diastolic blood pressure. @entity1372 excretion was similar across the groups. There were no effects of treatment on night-time blood pressure dipping. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this prospective treatment study support the conclusion that HRT has no significant effect on daytime or night-time blood pressure in a sample of healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Hormone replacement therapy does not affect 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in healthy non-smoking postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Two hundred and eighty-six @entity1 presenting with metastatic @entity420 or @entity189 whose primary site was not identified by clinical history, physical examination and chest radiograph have been studied. Median survival from presentation was 22 weeks. Factors independently predicting improved survival were lymph node presentations, good performance status and body weight loss of less than 10 per cent. In 88 (31 per cent) @entity1 the primary @entity5 site was subsequently identified, in 58 (20 per cent) during life. @entity2 was the most frequently identified primary @entity5 , and in only 32 (11 per cent) of the @entity1 was a 'treatable' primary @entity5 (i.e. germ cell, breast, ovarian, prostate, @entity259 or @entity706 ) identified. Among the treatable primary @entity5 were those in eight out of 16 female @entity1 presenting with axillary metastases who were subsequently shown to have primary @entity0 and four of 13 females presenting with @entity843 who were found to have primary @entity43 . @entity263 was confirmed in five out of 13 @entity1 with raised serum acid phosphatase. Of 22 @entity1 with elevated serum alphafoetoprotein (AFP) or beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin levels (beta HCG) 18 had some features of the 'atypical @entity44 '. Of the total of 32 @entity1 with treatable @entity5 types, 29 (90 per cent) were identified during life. Median survival for @entity1 with treatable @entity5 types identified during life was 104 weeks, compared with 22 weeks for the group as a whole. Retrospective immunocytochemical staining of the original biopsy showed that prostatic specific antigen and antibodies to beta HCG and AFP were diagnostically useful, but a series of organ site non-specific markers of histogenesis or cellular differentiation (carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component for IgA, peanut lectin binding, epithelial membrane antigen and keratin) showed no significant correlations with identified primary sites, responsiveness to empirical chemotherapy or survival. Metastatic @entity189 or @entity420 from an unknown primary site represents 6.5 per cent of all referrals to the medical oncology unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. We offer guidelines for the rapid identification of the limited number of primary sites for which effective and specific forms of systemic treatment are available.

title: Metastatic adeno or XXXX from an unknown primary site--natural history and guidelines for identification of treatable subsets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma syndrome']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']


abstract: The effect of @entity4854 (elevated blood @entity413 level) on the response of a @entity19 @entity5 to irradiation given alone or in combination with @entity221 was studied. @entity5 were early generation isotransplants of a spontaneous C3H/Sed @entity19 @entity1492 , FSa-II. Single-cell suspensions were transplanted into the foot, and irradiation was given when each @entity5 reached an average diameter of 7 mm. Following irradiation, the @entity5 growth time to reach 1000 mm3 was studied and the dose-response curve between the @entity5 growth time and radiation dose was fitted. Preadministration of @entity413 increased the size of the @entity519 and chronically @entity519 cell fractions without altering the slope of the dose-response curve where the chronically @entity519 cell fraction is determined as the fraction of cells which were not oxygenated under hyperbaric @entity26 conditions. @entity221 given prior to irradiation enhanced the @entity5 response to irradiation, but simultaneously increased the size of the @entity519 and chronically @entity519 cell fractions. Similar results were observed following @entity221 given after irradiation. When @entity221 at 43.5 degrees C was given 24 h before irradiation, the size of the @entity519 cell fraction increased with increasing treatment time, while a substantial decrease in the chronically @entity519 cell fraction was observed. Administration of @entity413 60 min before @entity221 further increased the size of the @entity519 cell fraction. Possible mechanisms explaining why @entity413 administration increases the @entity519 cell fractions are discussed.

title: The effect of @entity4854 on the @entity5 response to irradiation given alone or in combination with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: The effect of @entity4854 (elevated blood @entity413 level) on the response of a @entity19 @entity5 to irradiation given alone or in combination with @entity221 was studied. @entity5 were early generation isotransplants of a spontaneous C3H/Sed @entity19 @entity1492 , FSa-II. Single-cell suspensions were transplanted into the foot, and irradiation was given when each @entity5 reached an average diameter of 7 mm. Following irradiation, the @entity5 growth time to reach 1000 mm3 was studied and the dose-response curve between the @entity5 growth time and radiation dose was fitted. Preadministration of @entity413 increased the size of the @entity519 and chronically @entity519 cell fractions without altering the slope of the dose-response curve where the chronically @entity519 cell fraction is determined as the fraction of cells which were not oxygenated under hyperbaric @entity26 conditions. @entity221 given prior to irradiation enhanced the @entity5 response to irradiation, but simultaneously increased the size of the @entity519 and chronically @entity519 cell fractions. Similar results were observed following @entity221 given after irradiation. When @entity221 at 43.5 degrees C was given 24 h before irradiation, the size of the @entity519 cell fraction increased with increasing treatment time, while a substantial decrease in the chronically @entity519 cell fraction was observed. Administration of @entity413 60 min before @entity221 further increased the size of the @entity519 cell fraction. Possible mechanisms explaining why @entity413 administration increases the @entity519 cell fractions are discussed.

title: The effect of XXXX on the @entity5 response to irradiation given alone or in combination with @entity221 .

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: The effect of @entity4854 (elevated blood @entity413 level) on the response of a @entity19 @entity5 to irradiation given alone or in combination with @entity221 was studied. @entity5 were early generation isotransplants of a spontaneous C3H/Sed @entity19 @entity1492 , FSa-II. Single-cell suspensions were transplanted into the foot, and irradiation was given when each @entity5 reached an average diameter of 7 mm. Following irradiation, the @entity5 growth time to reach 1000 mm3 was studied and the dose-response curve between the @entity5 growth time and radiation dose was fitted. Preadministration of @entity413 increased the size of the @entity519 and chronically @entity519 cell fractions without altering the slope of the dose-response curve where the chronically @entity519 cell fraction is determined as the fraction of cells which were not oxygenated under hyperbaric @entity26 conditions. @entity221 given prior to irradiation enhanced the @entity5 response to irradiation, but simultaneously increased the size of the @entity519 and chronically @entity519 cell fractions. Similar results were observed following @entity221 given after irradiation. When @entity221 at 43.5 degrees C was given 24 h before irradiation, the size of the @entity519 cell fraction increased with increasing treatment time, while a substantial decrease in the chronically @entity519 cell fraction was observed. Administration of @entity413 60 min before @entity221 further increased the size of the @entity519 cell fraction. Possible mechanisms explaining why @entity413 administration increases the @entity519 cell fractions are discussed.

title: The effect of @entity4854 on the XXXX response to irradiation given alone or in combination with @entity221 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A technique is described that characterizes the dynamics of the interjoint coordination of arm reaching movements in healthy subjects (n=10) and in @entity1 who had sustained a left-sided cerebrovascular accident (n=18). All @entity1 were right-handed. Data from the affected right arm of @entity1 with @entity64 were compared with those from the right arm of healthy subjects. Seated subjects made 25 pointing movements in a single session. Movements were made from an initial target located ipsilaterally to the right arm beside the body, to a final target located in front of the subject in the contralateral arm workspace. Kinematic data from the finger, wrist, elbow, both shoulders and sternum were recorded in three dimensions at 200 Hz with an optical tracking system. Analysis of interjoint coordination was based on the patterns of temporal delay between rotations at two adjacent joints (shoulder and elbow). The data were reduced to a single graph (Temporal Coordination or TC index) integrating the essential temporal characteristics of joint movement (the angular displacements, velocities and timing). TC segments, duration and amplitude, were analysed. The analysis was sensitive to the differences in interjoint coordination between healthy subjects and @entity1 with arm motor deficits. In @entity1 , the temporal coordination between elbow and shoulder movements was disrupted from the middle to the end of the reach. More specifically, in mid-reach, all @entity1 had difficulty coordinating elbow flexion with shoulder horizontal adduction. In addition, @entity1 with severe arm @entity1269 had difficulty changing elbow movement direction from flexion to extension and in coordinating this change with shoulder movement. At the end of the reach, @entity1 with severe @entity1269 had deficits in the execution of elbow extension while all @entity1 had impaired coordination of elbow extension and shoulder horizontal adduction. In addition, active ranges of joint motions were significantly decreased in the @entity64 compared to the healthy subjects. Finally, TC analysis revealed significant relationships between specific aspects of disrupted interjoint coordination and the level of motor impairment, suggesting that it may be a useful tool in the identification of specific movement coordination deficits in @entity16 populations that can be targeted in treatment for arm motor recovery.

title: Interjoint coordination dynamics during reaching in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impaired']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Over a 1-year period cardiac catheterization was performed in 58 @entity1 , mean age 66 years, who had elevated aortic blood flow velocity (more than 1.7 m/s) by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. Doppler echo signals were initially judged acceptable for quantitative analysis in 95% of @entity1 , usually from the apical transducer position. Cardiac catheterization was performed within a mean of 8 days (60% within 1 day) of the Doppler echo study. The aortic valve mean pressure gradients at catheterization ranged from 0 to 93 mm Hg. The linear correlation coefficient (r value) between the mean pressure gradient determined by Doppler echocardiography and catheterization was 0.87. The correlation was maintained in 15 @entity1 with @entity337 (r = 0.91) and in 16 @entity1 with significant @entity453 (r = 0.93). In the 16 @entity1 with @entity998 (mean 3.2 liters/min, range 2.2 to 3.9) the correlation was 0.81. A strategy for using the Doppler echo-calculated pressure gradient to manage @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity472 ) was derived by investigating the relation of the Doppler echo gradient to the aortic valve area in 35 @entity1 with no @entity337 detected at catheterization. All 12 @entity1 with a Doppler echo mean gradient of less than 30 mm Hg had an aortic valve area of more than 0.75 cm2 and all 11 @entity1 with a Doppler echo mean gradient of more than 50 mm Hg had an aortic valve area of less than 0.75 cm2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of Doppler-derived pressure gradient to that determined at cardiac catheterization in adults with XXXX : implications for management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduced cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic valve stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy remains a standard treatment for @entity1 with resectable @entity418 , but the 5-year survival is only 20% to 25%. After complete resection survival is significantly longer than after incomplete resection with microscopic or macroscopic penetration. The purpose of this study was to prospectively identify the factors predictive of complete resection of operable @entity418 . METHODS: Betwen January 1995 and January 2002, 372 @entity1 with @entity418 underwent surgery with curative intent. Complete resection was performed in 304 @entity1 (81.7%), incomplete resection with microscopic penetration in 28 (7.5%), and incomplete resection with macroscopic penetration in 40 (10.8%). Univariate and multivariate analysis included 16 preoperative and operative factors. RESULTS: Factors predictive of complete resection were absence of any modification of the esophageal @entity2270 on the barium swallow (p = 0.019) and a partial or complete response to preoperative radiochemotherapy (p = 0.042). Three groups of @entity1 were identified: group 1 had no deviation of the @entity2270 on the barium swallow (n = 253); group 2 had deviation of the @entity2270 on the barium swallow and partial or complete response to radiochemotherapy (n = 66); and group 3 had deviation of the @entity2270 on the barium swallow and no response to radiochemotherapy or no preoperative treatment (n = 53). Rates of complete resection were 90.1%, 74.2%, and 50.9%, and 5-year actuarial survivals were 46%, 37%, and 0%, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection of @entity418 is predictable. Deviation @entity2270 on the barium swallow and morphologic response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy are variables available for all @entity1 at onset of therapeutic management.

title: Factors predictive of complete resection of operable XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancers', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: 59-81% of @entity1 given infliximab for @entity30 will respond. Although now in widespread use, little consensus exists regarding the optimal place in @entity1 care. Recently developed guidelines have identified need for markers that predict response. AIMS: We aimed to identify markers of response to infliximab given for @entity30 . METHODS: Markers of response (defined at 4 weeks) were prospectively assessed in 74 infliximab-treated @entity1 with @entity30 . @entity1 were followed-up to 1 year. RESULTS: Fifty-four of 74 (73%) @entity1 responded. Univariate analysis identified that smokers were less likely to respond than non-smokers [P = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) 0.22]. @entity1 established on immunosuppression (P = 0.034, OR 7.31) and with isolated @entity1049 (P = 0.042, OR 3.83) were more likely to respond. Multiple logistic regression confirmed smoking (P = 0.035, OR 0.24) and @entity1049 (P = 0.035, OR 4.87) as independent markers of response. One-year relapse rates differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers (100% vs. 39.6%, P = 0.0026, relative risk 3.2) and between @entity1 established on immunomodulators or not (58.0% vs. 92.8%, P = 0.0054, relative risk 2.6). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking has a strong adverse effect on the response rates and maintenance of response to infliximab. @entity1 on immunomodulators have a more favourable short- and long-term response. These results have important implications for clinical practice.

title: An analysis of factors influencing short-term and sustained response to infliximab treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: AIMS: To estimate the cost effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) compared with @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) for @entity1 using insulin pumps. METHODS: We constructed a Markov model to estimate the costs and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) treated with CSII using an insulin pump compared with @entity2794 . Key parameters were obtained from the published scientific literature. The primary outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken for 10 000 hypothetical @entity1 over 8 years of monthly cycles (the expected life of a pump). RESULTS: Over an 8-year period an average @entity1 could expect to gain 0.48 [standard deviation (sd) 0.20] QALYs using CSII compared with @entity2794 . The additional cost over 8 years for this gain was pounds 5462 (sd pounds 897). The incremental cost per QALY was pounds 11,461 (sd pounds 3656). CSII was most cost-effective in @entity1 who had more than two severe hypoglycaemic events per year and who required admission to hospital at least once every year. Cases where CSII might be not economically viable are cases where @entity6 is well controlled with few severe hypoglycaemic events. Results were most sensitive to the number of hypoglycaemic events per @entity1 and the utility weights used to estimate QALYs. CONCLUSION: CSII is a worthwhile investment when targeted to those who might benefit most.

title: The cost-effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with XXXX for the management of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['multiple daily injections']


abstract: AIMS: To estimate the cost effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) compared with @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) for @entity1 using insulin pumps. METHODS: We constructed a Markov model to estimate the costs and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) treated with CSII using an insulin pump compared with @entity2794 . Key parameters were obtained from the published scientific literature. The primary outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken for 10 000 hypothetical @entity1 over 8 years of monthly cycles (the expected life of a pump). RESULTS: Over an 8-year period an average @entity1 could expect to gain 0.48 [standard deviation (sd) 0.20] QALYs using CSII compared with @entity2794 . The additional cost over 8 years for this gain was pounds 5462 (sd pounds 897). The incremental cost per QALY was pounds 11,461 (sd pounds 3656). CSII was most cost-effective in @entity1 who had more than two severe hypoglycaemic events per year and who required admission to hospital at least once every year. Cases where CSII might be not economically viable are cases where @entity6 is well controlled with few severe hypoglycaemic events. Results were most sensitive to the number of hypoglycaemic events per @entity1 and the utility weights used to estimate QALYs. CONCLUSION: CSII is a worthwhile investment when targeted to those who might benefit most.

title: The cost-effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with @entity2794 for the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We studied the results in forty-seven knees in thirty-seven @entity1 - ten male and twenty-seven female - who had recurrent @entity12351 and were treated by a modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure (lateral retinacular release, medial transfer of the lateral patellar tendon without advancement, plication of the medial retinaculum, and advancement of the vastus medialis). Ten of the female @entity1 had bilateral dislocation. The results were analyzed after follow-ups ranging from 3.0 to 16.3 years (average, 5.8 years). The study confirmed that a tangential radiograph of the patellofemoral joint, made with the knee in 20 degrees of flexion, is reliable in determining patellar displacement. The results were excellent in twelve knees, good in thirty-one, fair in one, and poor in three. The fair and poor ratings were due to @entity158 caused by severe @entity1844 patellae. The @entity1 with a fair result had had recurrent dislocations after the Roux-Goldthwait procedure due to a very lax synovial and capsular sac. Reoperation with tightening of the sac medially and laterally eliminated @entity8018 in this @entity1 and established straight patellar tracking. There was one serious complication, a large subcutaneous @entity1410 with @entity39 of a skin flap. The @entity1 with mild @entity1844 improved and showed no progressive @entity625 after simple realignment, while those with severe @entity1844 were not improved by shaving, drilling, and realignment. Preliminary results indicated that a modified Maquet procedure, in addition to realignment, may be indicated for @entity1 with severe @entity1844 . This study demonstrated that the modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure, without advancement of the tibial attachment of the patellar ligament, can stabilize the patella without increasing patellofemoral compression. The procedure does not relieve the symptoms of severe @entity1844 of the patella but realignment is the first step in treatment of any form of patellofemoral @entity4040 .

title: Recurrent XXXX treated by the modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure. A prospective study of forty-seven knees.

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity12351 :: ('MESH:C538081', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the patella']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility of the patella']

answer: @entity12351 :: (MESH:C538081,Disease) :: ['dislocation of the patella']


abstract: Monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains are deposited as amyloid fibrils in systemic @entity1582 (primary) @entity2783 , but the underlying @entity1581 are often difficult to detect or unquantifiable. The relationships between circulating monoclonal light chains, amyloid load and clinical outcome, and the relative efficacies of chemotherapy regimens aimed at suppressing monoclonal immunoglobulin production, have not been determined. Circulating @entity2015 ( @entity2015 ) concentration was measured with a sensitive nephelometric immunoassay in 262 @entity1 with @entity1582 , and followed serially in 137 @entity1 who received either high-dose chemotherapy or one of two intermediate-dose cytotoxic regimens. Amyloid load was quantified by serum amyloid P component scintigraphy. A monoclonal excess of @entity2015 was identified at diagnosis in 98% of @entity1 . Among 86 @entity1 whose abnormal @entity2015 concentration fell by more than 50% following chemotherapy, 5-year survival was 88% compared with only 39% among those whose @entity2015 did not fall by half (P < 0.0001). @entity527 regressed in 58 @entity1 . The magnitude and duration of the @entity2015 responses to intermediate- and high-dose chemotherapy regimens were similar. The @entity2015 assay enabled the circulating fibril precursor protein in @entity1582 to be quantified and monitored in most @entity1 . Reduction of the amyloidogenic @entity2015 by more than 50% was associated with substantial survival benefit, regardless of the type of chemotherapy used. Clinical improvement following chemotherapy in @entity1582 is delayed, but treatment strategies can be guided by their early effect on serum @entity2015 concentration.

title: Outcome in XXXX in relation to changes in concentration of circulating free immunoglobulin light chains following chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasias']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['free immunoglobulin light chain', 'FLC']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['systemic AL amyloidosis']


abstract: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow were assessed in newborn @entity742 before and after inducing @entity209 . CBF was measured by xenon washout and autoregulation by the change in CBF after increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) 30 per cent with 0.02 per cent @entity2647 . After surgical preparation, stabilization, and demonstration of the presence of autoregulation, six @entity742 received 10 mg X kg-1 of @entity880 intravenously over 30 minutes. Arterial pH decreased from 7.35 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SEM) during the control period to 6.96 +/- 0.02 (p less than 0.01) at the end of the @entity880 infusion. Arterial blood gases, MAP's, and heart rates did not change. Prior to @entity880 infusion, CBF before and after raising MAP were 53 +/- 3 ml/100 g/min and 56 +/- 4 ml/100 g/min respectively. After @entity880 infusion, CBF increased from 54 +/- 2 ml/100 g/min to 62 +/- 3 ml/100 g/min (p less than 0.05) following @entity2647 induced rise in MAP. Five control @entity742 showed no significant change in any of these variables, including CBF, over the same time periods. These data indicate that @entity520 per se does not alter CBF, but that @entity520 impairs cerebral vascular autoregulation in hyperoxic @entity742 . Similar changes in @entity1 neonates might result in @entity932 .

title: Acidemia impairs autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine hydrochloride', 'phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidemia']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify and characterize the mutation(s) causing @entity4940 in a German extended family. METHODS: Neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptor (nAChR) subunit genes were screened by direct sequencing. Once a CHRNA4 mutation was identified, its biophysical and pharmacologic properties were characterized by expression experiments in @entity1238 oocytes. RESULTS: We report a new CHRNA4 mutation, causing a alpha4- @entity72304 @entity535 exchange at the extracellular end of the second transmembrane domain (TM). Functional studies of alpha4- @entity72304 revealed an increased ACh sensitivity of the mutated receptors. alpha4- @entity72304 is associated with an unusual low penetrance of the @entity302 phenotype. Sequencing of the @entity26381 -TM3 parts of the 1 known nAChR subunits did not support a two-locus model involving a second nAChR sequence variation. CONCLUSIONS: nAChR mutations found in @entity302 are not always associated with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. alpha4- @entity72304 is the first nAChR allele showing a markedly reduced penetrance consistent with a major gene effect. The low penetrance of the mutation is probably caused by unknown genetic or environmental factors or both.

title: A new Chrna4 mutation with low penetrance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['familial epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy']