abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for sternal wound @entity281 following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and to compare early and mid-term survival outcome. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected for 4228 @entity1 who underwent CABG surgery between April 1997 and March 2001. One hundred and nine (2.6%) @entity1 developed sternal wound @entity281 . We used logistic regression to identify independent risk factors associated with @entity2737 . @entity1 records were linked to the National Strategic Tracing Service, which records all @entity204 in the UK, to establish current vital status. Deaths occurring over time were described using Kaplan-Meier techniques. To control for differences in @entity1 characteristics, we used Cox proportional hazards analysis to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The results of the logistic regression analysis found that the independent predictors of sternal wound @entity281 were @entity28 (odds ratio (OR) 2.0; P<0.001), New York Heart Association class >/=3 (OR 1.6; P=0.022), use of bilateral internal mammary arteries (OR 3.2; P<0.001), increasing number of grafts (OR 1.5; P<0.001), re-exploration for bleeding (OR 3.1; P=0.011), and increased duration of mechanical ventilation (for every 10 h (OR 1.12; P<0.001)). Three hundred and forty one (8.1%) @entity204 occurred during the study period with mean follow up of 3.2+/-1.3 years. The crude HR of mid-term mortality for sternal wound @entity281 @entity1 was 2.51 (95% CI 1.59-3.94, P<0.001). After adjustment for pre, intra and post-operative factors, the adjusted HR of mid-term mortality for sternal wound @entity281 @entity1 was 1.64 (95% CI 1.03-2.61, P=0.037). The adjusted freedom from @entity204 at 30 days, @entity676 years was 96.8, 93.7, 91.4 and 86.7%, respectively, compared with 98.1, 96.1, 94.7 and 91.7% for @entity1 without sternal wound infections. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we have identified risk factors for sternal wound @entity281 , many of which are modifiable. We have also shown that there is a significant increase in mortality in @entity1 with sternal wound @entity281 during a 4-year follow-up period after CABG.

title: Risk factors for sternal wound XXXX and mid-term survival following coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative sternal wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death for sternal wound infections', 'deaths']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the ability of ultrasound (US) and microbubbles (MB) to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy against @entity995 Y79 cells in vitro. METHODS: The experiment was performed in three stages. The authors first compared cell viability of Y79 cells exposed to @entity632 versus cells exposed to @entity632 combined with low-intensity, low-frequency US + MB. They then evaluated enhanced cell permeability by studying the intensity of intracellular fluorescence in cells exposed to @entity632 versus those exposed to @entity632 with US + MB. Lastly they evaluated the morphologic characteristics of the cells by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) to identify the presence of pores. RESULTS: The Y79 cells exposed to @entity632 with US + MB showed a significant decrease in cell viability at 72 hours compared with those exposed to @entity632 alone (P = 0.02). Cells also showed immediate increased permeability to @entity632 with the addition of US + MB compared with @entity632 alone, which continued to increase over 60 minutes. @entity4653 did not demonstrate physical pores at the lowest US + MB intensity shown to enhance intracellular @entity632 fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: US + MB facilitates the uptake of chemotherapy in @entity995 Y79 cells in vitro. This occurs in the absence of visible pores, suggesting a possible secondary mechanism for increased drug delivery. This experiment is the first step toward enhancing chemotherapy with sonoporation in the treatment of intraocular @entity5 . This technique may lead to more effective chemotherapy treatments with less collateral damage to ocular tissues and may allow reduced systemic dosage and systemic side effects.

title: Sonoporation enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in XXXX cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role that radiation therapy may have in the management of resected, unresectable, and metastatic H  rthle cell @entity189 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective review of 18 @entity1 receiving radiation therapy for H  rthle cell @entity259 . The diagnosis was established in 10 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 between November 1943 and January 1995. Median age was 57.9 years. Initially, 5 @entity1 received adjuvant radiation therapy, 7 received salvage radiation therapy for unresectable recurrent disease, and 6 received palliative radiation therapy for distant @entity3 . Median follow-up was 107.1 months (range 15.7-351 months). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate and estimate overall survival, cause-specific survival, and @entity5 control rate. RESULTS: The 5-year overall and cause-specific survival rates were 66.7% (SE 11.1%) and 71.8% (SE 10.7%), respectively. Adjuvant radiation therapy was successful in preventing recurrence in 4 of 5 @entity1 . Salvage radiation therapy was successful in 3 of 5 @entity1 treated with external beam radiation therapy. Palliative radiation therapy provided sustained symptomatic relief at 67% of irradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: H  rthle cell @entity259 is a radiosensitive @entity5 . Radiation therapy may provide palliative relief from symptomatic @entity3 , control recurrent @entity5 , and prevent recurrence of advanced resected @entity5 .

title: Is there a role for radiation therapy in the management of H  rthle cell XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'locoregional tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the thyroid gland']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parametrial metastases are rare in @entity1 with small, node-negative cervical @entity5 . We examined the incidence of micrometastases in @entity1 with pathologically negative parametria. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent radical hysterectomy and had no evidence of parametrial metastases were examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a cytokeratin antibody was performed in parametrial sections. RESULTS: Among 46 @entity1 , a parametrial micrometastasis was identified in 1 (2.2%). @entity3944 were seen in 5% of @entity1 with lymphvascular space invasion (LVSI) and in 0 (0%) @entity1 without LVSI (p=0.43). The @entity1 with a parametrial micrometastasis experienced recurrence and died from her disease. In a previous report, we defined @entity1 with @entity5 <2 cm, negative pelvic lymph nodes, and no LVSI as being at low-risk for @entity66 . There were no micrometastases in this group of @entity1 in the current series. CONCLUSION: Parametrial micrometastases are uncommon in @entity5 .

title: Detection and significance of parametrial micrometastases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['Micrometastases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['IA-IB cervical cancer', 'early-stage cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['parametrial disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage cervical cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of extremity soft-tissue @entity242 yields excellent local control, but distant failure is common with large, high-grade @entity5 . A regimen of preoperative chemotherapy consisting of mesna, @entity632 , @entity1260 , and @entity2699 (MAID) interdigitated with radiotherapy followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy was designed to improve treatment outcome. We report the mature outcome data on 48 treated @entity1 and compare them with the data of an historical matched control @entity1 population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adult @entity1 with high-grade extremity soft-tissue @entity242 >or=8 cm were treated with three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy combined with 44 Gy of radiotherapy followed by surgery. Three cycles of postoperative MAID were planned. For @entity1 with positive surgical margins, 16 Gy was delivered postoperatively. RESULTS: All 48 @entity1 (M0) received the MAID protocol treatment, and their outcome was superior to that of the historical control @entity1 . The 5-year actuarial local control, freedom from distant @entity3 , disease-free survival, and overall survival rate was 92% and 86% (p = 0.1155), 75% and 44% (p = 0.0016), 70% and 42% (p = 0.0002), and 87% and 58% (p = 0.0003) for the MAID and control @entity1 groups, respectively. Acute @entity1503 in the MAID group included @entity1398 in 12 @entity1 (25%). @entity532 occurred in 14 (29%) of 48 MAID @entity1 . One MAID @entity1 developed late fatal @entity2590 . CONCLUSION: After aggressive chemoradiation and surgery, these @entity1 showed a significant reduction in distant metastases, with a highly significant gain in disease-free and overall survival compared with a historical control group. On the basis of this experience, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conducted a multi-institutional trial.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for large extremity soft-tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing complications']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the advances in antihypertensive therapy and renal revascularization, there remains a group of @entity1 in whom @entity455 leads to @entity8 and treatment-resistant @entity101 . METHODS: We performed an observational cohort study in which we reviewed blood pressures, renal function, and predictors of response in 74 @entity1 who underwent nephrectomy of a small kidney for uncontrolled @entity101 between 1990 and 2000. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 65 years; 43 (58%) were @entity1 . Thirty-five @entity1 (47%) underwent nephrectomy as part of combined revascularization of the contralateral kidney. Associated @entity731 were common (28% to 49%), as were prior renal revascularization (21 [28%]) and @entity101 urgency/emergencies (23 [31%]). The mean (+/- SD) long axis of the affected kidney was 8 +/- 2 cm, and the mean function of the kidney (based on radioisotope renography) was 12% +/- 11% of total renal function. The average systolic blood pressure fell from 168 +/- 19 mm Hg to 136 +/- 18 mm Hg (P <0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure declined from 88 +/- 10 mm Hg to 76 +/- 9 mm Hg (P <0.0001) at the most recent available clinic visit (mean follow-up, 4.1 +/- 2.6 years). In addition, the number of antihypertensive medications decreased from 3.2 +/- 1.1 to 2.2 +/- 1.5 (P <0.0001). Renal function remained stable. Results were similar (preoperative blood pressure of 165/88 mm Hg taking three medications to 137/77 mm Hg taking two medications) among the 39 @entity1 who had a nephrectomy without contralateral revascularization. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in selected @entity1 with resistant @entity101 and @entity8 that has resulted in @entity8 with reduced function, nephrectomy can improve blood pressure control without further loss in overall renal function.

title: Revisiting the role of nephrectomy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal atrophy', 'atrophic kidneys', 'renal artery disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic diseases']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['renovascular disease']


abstract: Fetal behavior, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were studied 1-3 days after surgery in seven fetal @entity742 (aged 127-136 days). Five behavioral states were defined from chart recordings of electrocortical (electrocorticographic; ECoG) activity and eye, limb, and @entity1353 movements. Most records were of high-voltage ECoG (HV) or low-voltage (LV) ECoG with @entity1353 (LVB); 6.7 +/- 1.7% were LV ECoG with no @entity1353 (LV0). RSNA was lower in LV0 (P < 0.001) and greater in LVB than in HV (P < 0.05). MAP was lower in both LV states than in HV and when the fetuses went from LV to HV (P < 0.001 to P < 0.03). HR was highest in HV (P < 0.001). In HV and LVB and when the fetus went from @entity551 were inversely related (P = 0.012-0.003). In LVB and from LV to HV there were direct relationships between MAP and RSNA (P = 0.0014, P = 0.08), and when the fetus went from LV to HV there was also an inverse relationship between HR and RSNA (P = 0.02). Thus fetal RSNA, MAP, and HR are affected by behavioral state as is fetal cardiovascular control. The increase in RSNA during fetal @entity1353 showed that there was an altered level of fetal RSNA associated with fetal @entity1353 activity.

title: Effects of fetal behavioral states on renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure of unanesthetized fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['LV to HV, MAP and HR']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity41831 ( @entity41831 ) is a member of the CD28 family. Although @entity32 is an essential pathological feature of @entity2401 , the role of @entity41831 in @entity2401 remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lewis @entity35 were immunized on day 0 with purified porcine @entity299 to establish experimental @entity2401 (EAM). Flow cytometry was used to examine expression of @entity41831 on myocardial infiltrating cells. Anti- @entity41831 antibody or @entity41831 -immunoglobulin (ICOSIg) was administered intravenously, and @entity35 were killed on day 14 or 21 to study effects of @entity41831 / @entity46894 ( @entity46894 ) pathway blockade during the antigen priming phase (days 0-14) or immune response phase (days 14-21), respectively. The heart weight to body weight ratio was determined, and histological examination and echocardiogram were performed to evaluate the severity of the disease. Cytokine expression in the heart and T cell proliferation against @entity299 were analyzed. Flow cytometry revealed that the majority of infiltrating cells, especially @entity11264 -positive cells, expressed @entity41831 . Blockade of the @entity41831 / @entity46894 pathway during the immune response phase attenuated EAM development. However, blockade of the @entity41831 / @entity46894 pathway during the antigen priming phase did not attenuate and exacerbate EAM. Blockade of T cell activation through @entity41831 suppressed expression of cytokines including INF-gamma, @entity12718 , @entity568 , @entity13358 , @entity3426 , and @entity1505 and inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of T cell activation through @entity41831 during the immune response phase regulates development of EAM, and therefore, @entity41831 may be an effective target for treating @entity2401 .

title: Attenuation of experimental XXXX by blocking activated T cells through inducible costimulatory molecule pathway.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity41831 :: ('64545(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICOS', 'Inducible costimulator']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myosin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['autoimmune myocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between elevated plasma concentrations of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins and @entity453 remain uncertain. In the present work, we investigated the gene expression pattern and intracellular pathways in @entity1 endothelial cells incubated with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Moreover, as VLDL can enter the arterial wall and undergo oxidative modification, we compared the VLDL-induced expression pattern with the one of oxidised VLDL (Ox-VLDL). METHODS: Total RNA from endothelial cells incubated with 75 microg/ml VLDL or Ox-VLDL and total RNA from endothelial cells under basal conditions were hybridised to identical microarrays containing 8411 genes. Seven clusters of expression profiles were identified. This pattern was validated by quantitative real-time PCR of selected genes. The intracellular pathway involved in VLDL or Ox-VLDL mediated endothelial responses were also investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: VLDL predominantly activated the @entity1366 pathway while P38 MAPK was the main target of Ox-VLDL. @entity10366 and @entity2451 were activated by both VLDL and Ox-VLDL. Real-time PCR demonstrated that VLDL induced @entity1476 (5.47+/-1.74 fold), @entity3053 (2.38+/-0.23) and @entity310 (2.51+/-0.30) expression. Ox-VLDL was found to induce @entity8252 (2.10+/-0.48) and @entity6785 (3.19+/-0.07) expression. In addition, several genes implicated in endothelial cell activation and damage/proliferation were identified by the array analysis. Ox-VLDL was found to promote the generation of reactive @entity26 species and exert a cytotoxic effect, while VLDL lacks these effects. These findings confirm the involvement of VLDL and Ox-VLDL in @entity409 and suggest new genes and molecular mechanisms involved in these actions.

title: Gene expression and intracellular pathways involved in XXXX induced by VLDL and oxidised VLDL.

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the application of cold energy, cryotherapy, has been shown to cause selective damage to cellular components with preservation of matrix structure resulting in less @entity82 in a variety of tissues, the effects of intravascular cryotherapy on vessel wall repair after balloon angioplasty are unknown. We sought to characterize the effects of cryotherapy application on vessel wall repair after balloon angioplasty and study the relationship between collagen accumulation in the vessel wall and late lumen loss as assessed by serial intravascular ultrasound. METHODS: The immediate, early (72 h) and late (10 weeks) effects of three intravascular cryotherapy application time periods (60, 120 and 240 s) after iliac artery balloon angioplasty ('cryotherapy') were compared with balloon angioplasty alone ('control') in 59 @entity95 . Arterial lumen area was measured by intravascular ultrasound immediately after the procedure, at 72 h and at 10 weeks. Collagen content was calculated separately for intima and media/adventitia layers and correlated with late lumen loss. RESULTS: Cryotherapy produced average vessel wall temperature of -26 degrees C (range, -20 to -45 degrees C) and resulted in significantly larger lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) immediately after application (5.74+/-1.18 vs. 4.14+/-0.75 mm(2), P=0.008) but was not different than control arteries at 10 weeks. At 72 h, there was extensive cell loss in the medial and adventitial layers accompanied by increased macrophage infiltration in cryotherapy treated arteries compared to control. At 10 weeks, intimal @entity1373 was increased 2-fold in cryotherapy treated arteries. Collagen content was increased 2-fold in the medial/adventitial layers, and nearly 3-fold in the intima of cryotherapy treated arteries. Collagen content in arterial intima (P=0.01) as well as media/adventitia (P=0.005) positively correlated with late lumen loss. Foci of chondro- and osseous metaplasia and calcification were evident at the medial-adventitial junction in cryotherapy treated arteries at 10 weeks. CONCLUSION: Intravascular cryotherapy induced early arterial wall cell loss and late intimal @entity1373 , vascular @entity82 and chondro- and osseous metaplastic changes with no late beneficial effects on lumen area compared to balloon angioplasty alone. Collagen accumulation in all three layers of the vessel wall contributes to the development of late inward remodeling after balloon angioplasty.

title: Effects of intravascular cryotherapy on vessel wall repair in a balloon-injured XXXX iliac artery model.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: One of the most important questions raised by modern psychiatry and experimental psychopathology is the origin of mental diseases. More concisely, clinical and experimental neurosciences are increasingly concerned with the factors that render one individual more vulnerable than another to a given pathological outcome. Animal models are now available to understand the sources of individual differences for specific phenotypes prone to behavioral disadaptations. Over the last 10 years we have explored the consequences of environmental perinatal manipulations in the @entity35 . We have shown that prenatal stress is at the origin of a wide range of physiological and behavioral aberrances such as alterations in the activity of the hormonal stress axis, increased vulnerability to drug of abuse, emotional liability, @entity73 and predisposition to pathological aging. Taken together, these abnormalities define a bio-behavioral syndrome. Furthermore, the cognitive disabilities observed in prenatally-stressed @entity35 were recently related to an alteration of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, thus confirming the impact of early life events on brain morphology. A second model (handling model) has also been developed in which pups are briefly separated from their mothers during early postnatal life. In contrast with prenatally-stressed animals, handled @entity35 exhibited a reduced emotion response when confronted with novel situations and were protected against age-induced @entity73 and cognitive functions. Taken together, the results of these investigations show that the bio-behavioral phenotype that characterizes each individual is strongly linked to the nature and timing of perinatal experience. Furthermore, data collected in prenatally-stressed animals indicate that this model could be used profitably to understand the etiology and pathophysiology of @entity1316 .

title: Individual vulnerability to substance abuse and XXXX : role of early environmental influences.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments of both the hormonal stress axis', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorders']


abstract: Between 1976 and 1981, 147 @entity1 with residual, inoperable, or locally recurrent @entity188 were randomized to receive either radiation (XRT) alone or XRT plus chemotherapy (concomitant @entity1487 during XRT and maintenance @entity1487 + @entity16418 ). An initial field received 4,500-5,100 rad in 5-6 weeks, with a boost field dose to a maximum of 7000 rad/8 weeks (maximum 6,000 rad/7 weeks with chemotherapy), dependent on findings of special small bowel films. One hundred twenty-nine @entity1 were evaluable (65 XRT, 64 XRT + chemo). There were no statistically significant differences between treatments with respect to overall survival, complete remission rate, time to disease progression, local failure rate, or radiation dose distribution. Median survival was 17 months for XRT, 18 months for XRT + chemo; the 2-year survival probability was 36% for XRT, 44% for XRT + chemo. Initial performance status was a significant prognostic factor for both survival and time to disease progression. A trend was observed favoring the combination treatment for @entity1 with @entity66 . Treatment complications were greater for the combined modality arm than for radiation alone. Twenty-seven @entity1 (22%) were alive at last data analysis, with no evidence of disease (NED) from 2-51 months (30 months median). @entity1 with resection of gross disease before or after irradiation had a much better result than those with gross residual or without any resection, but the relative influence of @entity1 selection versus impact of surgery remains unclear.

title: Radiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of residual or inoperable XXXX and rectosigmoid or pelvic recurrence following colorectal surgery. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study (76-16).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']


abstract: The antihypertensive function of the renal medulla was tested on accelerated (malignant) @entity101 of the @entity95 . A procedure for the development of accelerated @entity101 of the @entity95 of lethal proportions within 3 wk was established. This procedure consisted of the application of a rigid clip with a fixed and unyielding gap to the @entity8 . Three additional manipulations, other than simple nephrectomy, were performed on the right kidney after application of the rigid clip to the left renal artery. These were: (a) a sham operation, (b) @entity8 and its autotransplantation in a fragmented state, and (c) @entity8 and its autotransplantation in a fragmented state. After the sham-operated @entity8 , the standardized accelerated @entity101 did not develop, whereas after autotransplanted renal cortex it did. After a period of protection against accelerated @entity101 , removal of either the sham-operated kidney or the renomedullary transplants was followed by a prompt rise in arterial pressure and death of the animal. Thus, the antihypertensive action of renomedullary tissue was similar to that of the whole kidney. The main cell type noted in the protective renomedullary transplants had the microscopic characteristics of the lipid-containing interstitial cells. These cells occurred in clusters, often were near capillaries, and appeared hyperplastic. It is suggested that the renomedullary interstitial cell is the most eligible cell for exertion of the renomedullary antihypertensive action. Since vasoactive lipids are extractable from the renal medulla and its interstitial cells, the hypothesis that interstitial cells secrete antihypertensive substance(s) is attractive.

title: Renomedullary antihypertensive function in accelerated (malignant) XXXX . Observations on renomedullary interstitial cells.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the kidney and separation of the renal medulla', 'left renal artery and removal of the right kidney', 'removal of the kidney and separation of the renal cortex', 'kidney and autotransplanted renal medulla']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity421 , the most common pediatric primary @entity3478 , is an @entity146 with a tendency for early pulmonary @entity3 . A reliable biomarker to predict clinical outcome at diagnosis has not yet been identified. To date, pathological review of neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced @entity39 is the most useful determinant of which @entity1 are likely to develop @entity3 . There is a clinical need to identify @entity1 who will benefit from more aggressive preoperative therapy or perhaps require less aggressive chemotherapy. More than 30 @entity1 P450 isoenzymes have been characterized, with at least nine possessing some clinical relevance. One of these, @entity5322 /5 is involved in metabolic activation and detoxification of a wide number of carcinogens and chemotherapeutic agents, including many drugs that are useful in the treatment of @entity421 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity421 tissue microarray blocks containing biopsies from 18 primary @entity5 were used to analyze the expression of P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, 2B6, 2D6, and 3A4/5 by enzyme-linked avidin- @entity1885 complexed immunohistochemistry. The frequencies of expression were 83%, 67%, and 83% for P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, and 3A4/5, respectively. P450s 2B6 and 2D6 were not detectable. RESULTS: These results were extended by developing a fluorescent-based quantitative immunocytochemistry technique to assess the levels of @entity5322 /5 in 18 @entity982 -embedded primary biopsy sections. Expression of @entity65490 was found to be significantly higher in primary biopsies of @entity1 who developed distant @entity3 compared with biopsies from @entity1 with nonmetastatic disease (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: High cytochrome P450 @entity5322 /5 expression may predict @entity3 and poor prognosis in @entity421 . Its use as a biomarker of therapeutic response will have implications for the treatment of these @entity5 .

title: Cytochrome P450 @entity5322 /5 expression as a biomarker of outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive malignancy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'Osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity421 , the most common pediatric primary @entity3478 , is an @entity146 with a tendency for early pulmonary @entity3 . A reliable biomarker to predict clinical outcome at diagnosis has not yet been identified. To date, pathological review of neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced @entity39 is the most useful determinant of which @entity1 are likely to develop @entity3 . There is a clinical need to identify @entity1 who will benefit from more aggressive preoperative therapy or perhaps require less aggressive chemotherapy. More than 30 @entity1 P450 isoenzymes have been characterized, with at least nine possessing some clinical relevance. One of these, @entity5322 /5 is involved in metabolic activation and detoxification of a wide number of carcinogens and chemotherapeutic agents, including many drugs that are useful in the treatment of @entity421 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity421 tissue microarray blocks containing biopsies from 18 primary @entity5 were used to analyze the expression of P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, 2B6, 2D6, and 3A4/5 by enzyme-linked avidin- @entity1885 complexed immunohistochemistry. The frequencies of expression were 83%, 67%, and 83% for P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, and 3A4/5, respectively. P450s 2B6 and 2D6 were not detectable. RESULTS: These results were extended by developing a fluorescent-based quantitative immunocytochemistry technique to assess the levels of @entity5322 /5 in 18 @entity982 -embedded primary biopsy sections. Expression of @entity65490 was found to be significantly higher in primary biopsies of @entity1 who developed distant @entity3 compared with biopsies from @entity1 with nonmetastatic disease (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: High cytochrome P450 @entity5322 /5 expression may predict @entity3 and poor prognosis in @entity421 . Its use as a biomarker of therapeutic response will have implications for the treatment of these @entity5 .

title: Cytochrome P450 XXXX /5 expression as a biomarker of outcome in @entity421 .

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A4']


abstract: A bioassay of practical-grade @entity51225 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . @entity51225 was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. For male and female @entity35 , the high and low time-weighted average dietary concentrations of @entity51225 were 0.02 and 0.008 percent, respectively. For male and female @entity19 , the high and low time-weighted average concentrations were 0.04 and 0.008 percent, respectively. After a 78-week period of compound administration, observation of the @entity35 continued for an additional 26 weeks and observation of the @entity19 continued for 13 additional weeks. For the chronic @entity35 bioassay, 25 @entity35 of each sex were placed on test as high dose controls, and 50 @entity35 of each sex served as the low dose controls. For the @entity19 , 50 males and 50 females were placed on test as controls for each of the high dose and low dose groups. In both species the survival in all groups was adequate for statistical analysis of late-appearing @entity5 . In the male @entity35 , a significantly increased incidence of @entity272 and subcutaneous tissue occurred in both the high and the low dose groups when compared to their respective controls. A statistically significant incidence of @entity1557 of the mammary gland occurred in the high dose female @entity35 . Among the @entity19 a variety of @entity5 was observed but none were considered to be associated with the dietary administration of @entity51225 . Under the conditions of this bioassay dietary administration of @entity51225 to Fischer 344 @entity35 induced @entity5 (i.e., @entity272 and subcutaneous tissue in males and @entity1557 of the mammary gland in females). No evidence was provided for the carcinogenicity of the compound in B6C3F1 @entity19 of either sex.

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity51225 :: ('MESH:C016403', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrotoluene', '2,4-Dinitrotoluene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma of the skin']

answer: @entity51225 :: (MESH:C016403,Chemical) :: ['2,4-dinitrotoluene']


abstract: Live @entity526 were infused into anesthetized @entity468 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity5828 into the stomach. @entity551 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity344 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity16 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity468 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity375 CuZn @entity224 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity468 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity468 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity468 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity1049 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity551 , @entity998 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity295 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity26 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity295 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity16 .

title: Role of free XXXX radicals in the development of @entity344 in @entity526 @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal total wall and mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Live @entity526 were infused into anesthetized @entity468 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity5828 into the stomach. @entity551 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity344 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity16 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity468 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity375 CuZn @entity224 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity468 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity468 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity468 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity1049 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity551 , @entity998 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity295 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity26 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity295 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity16 .

title: Role of free @entity26 radicals in the development of @entity344 in XXXX @entity295 .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Live @entity526 were infused into anesthetized @entity468 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity5828 into the stomach. @entity551 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity344 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity16 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity468 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity375 CuZn @entity224 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity468 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity468 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity468 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity1049 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity551 , @entity998 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity295 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity26 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity295 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity16 .

title: Role of free @entity26 radicals in the development of XXXX in @entity526 @entity295 .

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal mucosal damage']


abstract: Live @entity526 were infused into anesthetized @entity468 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity5828 into the stomach. @entity551 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity344 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity16 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity468 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity375 CuZn @entity224 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity468 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity468 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity468 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity1049 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity551 , @entity998 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity295 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity26 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity295 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity16 .

title: Role of free @entity26 radicals in the development of @entity344 in @entity526 XXXX .

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 who had transitional cell @entity150 with stage @entity2558 and grade 3 components were treated between January 1980 and December 1992. Clinical study was done for these 33 @entity1 on treatment modalities and it's problem, intravesical recurrence, disease progression and prognosis. Twenty-five of 33 @entity1 underwent bladder-sparing surgeries and total cystectomy was performed for another 8 @entity1 as initial treatment. Intravesical recurrence was observed in 18 (72%) of 25 @entity1 who underwent initial bladder-sparing surgeries. Recurrence-free rate was 44% for 1 year and mean period to recurrence from initial therapy was 13.1 months. Although some adjuvant therapy after initial treatment was performed for 20 @entity1 , it's efficacy in preventing intravesical recurrence could not be confirmed. Disease progression was recognized in 10 (40%) of 25 @entity1 initially treated by bladder-sparing surgeries after median latent period of 33.7 months, whereas only one (12.5%) of another 8 @entity1 who underwent total cystectomy showed progression, and 5-year progression-free rate after initial bladder-sparing surgeries was 55.6%. Three and five-year actural survival rate in all cases were 81.5% and 65.1%, respectively. According to initial treatment, 5-year survival rate was 62.2% for the @entity1 treated by bladder-sparing surgeries, whereas it was 83.3% for the cases who underwent total cystectomy. However statistical significant difference was not recognized. In view of disease progression after initial bladder-sparing surgeries, @entity1 with progression yealed a 45.7% 5-year survival rate compared to 81.5% for the @entity1 without progression, and significant difference was demonstrated between them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical study on stage @entity2558 and grade 3 transitional cell XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 who had transitional cell @entity150 with stage @entity2558 and grade 3 components were treated between January 1980 and December 1992. Clinical study was done for these 33 @entity1 on treatment modalities and it's problem, intravesical recurrence, disease progression and prognosis. Twenty-five of 33 @entity1 underwent bladder-sparing surgeries and total cystectomy was performed for another 8 @entity1 as initial treatment. Intravesical recurrence was observed in 18 (72%) of 25 @entity1 who underwent initial bladder-sparing surgeries. Recurrence-free rate was 44% for 1 year and mean period to recurrence from initial therapy was 13.1 months. Although some adjuvant therapy after initial treatment was performed for 20 @entity1 , it's efficacy in preventing intravesical recurrence could not be confirmed. Disease progression was recognized in 10 (40%) of 25 @entity1 initially treated by bladder-sparing surgeries after median latent period of 33.7 months, whereas only one (12.5%) of another 8 @entity1 who underwent total cystectomy showed progression, and 5-year progression-free rate after initial bladder-sparing surgeries was 55.6%. Three and five-year actural survival rate in all cases were 81.5% and 65.1%, respectively. According to initial treatment, 5-year survival rate was 62.2% for the @entity1 treated by bladder-sparing surgeries, whereas it was 83.3% for the cases who underwent total cystectomy. However statistical significant difference was not recognized. In view of disease progression after initial bladder-sparing surgeries, @entity1 with progression yealed a 45.7% 5-year survival rate compared to 81.5% for the @entity1 without progression, and significant difference was demonstrated between them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical study on stage XXXX and grade 3 transitional cell @entity150 ].

answer: @entity2558 :: (58492,Gene) :: ['PT1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A driver with @entity9529 ( @entity9529 ) is supposed to have a certain minimum @entity227 and a minimum velocity of reading, with the head directed straight ahead or 10 degrees laterally. The ability to perform different oculomotor tasks depends, however, on individual properties of @entity346 and compensatory mechanisms, as is demonstrated in 4 cases. METHODS: Detailed electrooculographic (EOG) recordings were performed in 4 @entity9529 @entity1 , in addition to the examination of visual functions. RESULTS: The @entity227 of @entity1 1 is sufficient (0.6 on both eyes), yet his retinal image is intermittently destabilized by a periodic alternating @entity346 . Case 2 with high myopic @entity940 and severely reduced @entity227 (right eye: finger counting; left eye: 0.2) compensates for his vertical @entity346 by head nodding and for his manifest-latent horizontal @entity346 by a head turn. The optimal @entity227 of @entity1 3 (horizontal @entity346 ) is 0.3, with an oblique head position and convergence. In other head and gaze positions he has a @entity346 in the direction of gaze. @entity1 4, with a high myopic @entity940 , microstrabism and manifest-latent fixational @entity346 , has a @entity227 between 0.2 and 0.3 in both eyes. He had been a licensed professional car driver, in spite of contradicting national and international criteria: but his license was refused later. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity9529 , the influence of head and gaze position, monocular fixation, convergence and self or object motion on @entity346 intensity and wave forms could be important for driving, because it might influence @entity227 and motion perception. The latter hypothesis still has to be proven in further studies, performed under conditions relevant for traffic.

title: [ XXXX in the ophthalmologic automobile driving fitness verdict].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nystagmus', 'CN']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['coarse jerk nystagmus beating', 'pendular nystagmus', 'nystagmus']

answer: @entity9529 :: (MESH:D020417,Disease) :: ['Congenital nystagmus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16768 is a chronic @entity32 of connective tissue, manifested clinically by small, firm nodules. It is observed only rarely around the eyes. @entity1 AND METHODS: We present four @entity1 aged 33 to 66 years with @entity75 . The lesions were mildly or not symptomatic. Biopsies were taken. There was no association with any systemic @entity32 . RESULTS: Histology was characteristic for @entity738 annulare in all four cases. The clinical course was benign. CONCLUSION: When faced with @entity75 , the ophthalmologist may consider a diagnosis of @entity738 annulare in @entity1 of any age. While @entity738 annulare is generally observed in young @entity1 , one of our @entity1 was aged 66 years.

title: [ XXXX of the eyelid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity16768 :: ('MESH:D016460', 'Disease') :: ['Granuloma annulare']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papulomatous lesions of the eyelids']

answer: @entity16768 :: (MESH:D016460,Disease) :: ['Granuloma annulare']


abstract: Intimal thickening in arteries is considered a site of predilection for @entity731 . We investigated whether oral application of the @entity842 (NO) donors @entity11971 [ @entity11971 , 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily (b.i.d.)] and @entity17728 (10 mg/kg body weight/day) can @entity8233 formation and changes in vascular reactivity induced by a nonocclusive, soft @entity1346 collar positioned around the left carotid artery of @entity95 . The contralateral carotid artery was sham operated and served as a control. Drug and placebo (diet without drug) treatments were initiated 7 days before placement of the collar. At the end of the experiments, two segments were cut from each collared and sham-treated artery, one for measurement of the cross-sectional area of intima and media and the other for isometric tension recording. Sham treatment did not result in intimal thickening in either group. In contrast, the intima/media (I/M) ratio was considerably increased after 14 days of collar treatment as a result of @entity8233 formation. Intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by @entity11971 (I/M ratio 0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.02, p < 0.05), but not by @entity17728 (0.06 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, p = 0.49), which is a donor of both NO and @entity224 anions. Neither collar nor NO donor treatment altered the area of the media. @entity11971 did not alter the percentage of replicating smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media after collar treatment, as demonstrated by their immunoreactivity for @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity842 donors on @entity8233 formation and vascular reactivity in the collared carotid artery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine']

entities_list: @entity11971 :: ('MESH:C076992', 'Chemical') :: ['SPM-5185', "N-nitratopivaloyl-S-(N'-acetylalanyl)-cysteine ethylester"]

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity12914 :: ('100339381(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['retard neointima', 'neointima']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Intimal thickening in arteries is considered a site of predilection for @entity731 . We investigated whether oral application of the @entity842 (NO) donors @entity11971 [ @entity11971 , 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily (b.i.d.)] and @entity17728 (10 mg/kg body weight/day) can @entity8233 formation and changes in vascular reactivity induced by a nonocclusive, soft @entity1346 collar positioned around the left carotid artery of @entity95 . The contralateral carotid artery was sham operated and served as a control. Drug and placebo (diet without drug) treatments were initiated 7 days before placement of the collar. At the end of the experiments, two segments were cut from each collared and sham-treated artery, one for measurement of the cross-sectional area of intima and media and the other for isometric tension recording. Sham treatment did not result in intimal thickening in either group. In contrast, the intima/media (I/M) ratio was considerably increased after 14 days of collar treatment as a result of @entity8233 formation. Intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by @entity11971 (I/M ratio 0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.02, p < 0.05), but not by @entity17728 (0.06 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, p = 0.49), which is a donor of both NO and @entity224 anions. Neither collar nor NO donor treatment altered the area of the media. @entity11971 did not alter the percentage of replicating smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media after collar treatment, as demonstrated by their immunoreactivity for @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity842 donors on XXXX formation and vascular reactivity in the collared carotid artery of @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: Intimal thickening in arteries is considered a site of predilection for @entity731 . We investigated whether oral application of the @entity842 (NO) donors @entity11971 [ @entity11971 , 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily (b.i.d.)] and @entity17728 (10 mg/kg body weight/day) can @entity8233 formation and changes in vascular reactivity induced by a nonocclusive, soft @entity1346 collar positioned around the left carotid artery of @entity95 . The contralateral carotid artery was sham operated and served as a control. Drug and placebo (diet without drug) treatments were initiated 7 days before placement of the collar. At the end of the experiments, two segments were cut from each collared and sham-treated artery, one for measurement of the cross-sectional area of intima and media and the other for isometric tension recording. Sham treatment did not result in intimal thickening in either group. In contrast, the intima/media (I/M) ratio was considerably increased after 14 days of collar treatment as a result of @entity8233 formation. Intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by @entity11971 (I/M ratio 0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.02, p < 0.05), but not by @entity17728 (0.06 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, p = 0.49), which is a donor of both NO and @entity224 anions. Neither collar nor NO donor treatment altered the area of the media. @entity11971 did not alter the percentage of replicating smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media after collar treatment, as demonstrated by their immunoreactivity for @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX donors on @entity8233 formation and vascular reactivity in the collared carotid artery of @entity95 .

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: We assessed the nature of foot strike and the potential effect of acute @entity3034 dosing in @entity191 @entity1 with mild to severe fluctuations of motor performances in comparison with healthy volunteers. Forty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in the study and compared with 33 age and gender matched controls. Each @entity1 was assessed by a computerized electropodographic system before @entity3034 dosing @entity676 -h after intake of a standard fasting morning dose of @entity3034 plus @entity18776 . Twelve foot strikes (six right, six left) were analysed per @entity1 . The controls underwent three repeated examinations at 1-h intervals. @entity1 ' motor response to acute @entity3034 dosing was evaluated at fixed times by a battery of motor tests. Foot strike dynamics differed between @entity1 and controls: in particular, first ground contact of the foot was significantly shifted from heel to forefoot in @entity1 compared to controls. The forward shift in footprint during walking was more marked on the more affected body side but was unrelated to the severity and duration of @entity304 and unresponsive to @entity3034 dosing. Tapping and walking tests were overall responsive to acute @entity3034 intake. The system seemed suitable to detect irregular patterns of foot strike even at the early stages of @entity304 , when @entity6250 was not clinically overt, and might be useful in the search for clinical markers of @entity191 .

title: Objective assessment of foot strike in XXXX *.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18776 :: ('MESH:D001545', 'Chemical') :: ['benserazide']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian gait', 'Parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb disorder']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A novel operative technique for postinfarction @entity1757 has been used in 44 consecutive @entity1 . The operation consists of excluding rather than excising the infarcted septum and ventricular walls. This is accomplished by performance of a left ventriculotomy through the infarcted muscle and securing a @entity3584 -fixed @entity291 pericardium patch to the endocardium of the left ventricle all around the infarcted @entity1562 . The ventriculotomy is simply closed over the pericardial patch. There were 21 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 whose mean age was 69 +/- 7 years. Twenty-nine @entity1 were in @entity1455 at the time of operation. All @entity1 had Doppler echocardiography and coronary angiography before operation. All but two @entity1 were operated on during the acute phase of the @entity583 . There were six operative @entity204 . @entity260 included @entity177 in 10 @entity1 and @entity1576 in 18. Severe @entity67 was the only independent predictor of operative mortality. @entity1 have been followed up for a mean of 40 +/- 34 months. There have been six late @entity204 and three of these were because of cardiac problems. The actuarial survival at 6 years was 66% +/- 7%. Only one @entity1 had a small residual @entity1757 . Late postoperative assessment of ventricular function by echocardiography revealed that most @entity1 had normal or mild @entity67 and mild or moderate @entity1002 . Repair of acute postinfarction @entity1757 by endocardial patch with @entity1188 exclusion of the left ventricule probably avoids additional damage to the right ventricle, remodels the acutely infarcted left ventricle, and enhances survival.

title: Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: repair by endocardial patch with XXXX exclusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of right ventricular function', 'right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of left ventricular function']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: From July 1982 through September 1994, 19 @entity1 had operative treatment of @entity475 associated with an @entity474 . Specific diagnosis were septum primum defects in 7, Rastelli @entity1129 in 6, transitional defects in 4, inlet @entity1757 with malattached chordae in 1, and tetralogy of Fallot with Rastelli type C defect in 1. Twenty-seven operations for @entity475 were performed. Surgical treatment of the outlet lesion was performed at initial @entity474 repair in 3 @entity1 and in the remaining 16 from 1.2 to 13.1 years (mean 4.9 years, median 3.9 years) after repair. Eighteen of the 19 @entity1 had fibrous resection and myectomy for relief of obstruction. Seven @entity1 had an associated left @entity340 . One @entity1 received an apicoaortic conduit. Seven @entity1 (36.8%) required 8 reoperations for previously treated @entity475 . Time to the second procedure was 2.8 to 7.4 years (mean 4.9 years). Follow-up is 0.4 to 14.0 years (median 5.6 years). Six-year actuarial freedom from reoperation is 66% +/- 15%. The angle between the plane of the outlet septum and the plane of the septal crest was measured in 10 normal hearts (86.4 +/- 13.7) and 10 hearts with @entity474 (22.2 +/- 26.0; p < 0.01). The outflow tract can be effectively shortened, widened, and the angle increased toward normal by augmenting the left side of the superior bridging leaflet and performing a fibromyectomy. CONCLUSION: Standard fibromyectomy for @entity475 in @entity1 with @entity474 leads to a high rate of reoperation. Leaflet augmentation and fibromyectomy may decrease the likelihood of reoperation.

title: @entity475 in the spectrum of XXXX . Solutions may be complex and palliative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['type A defects']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve procedure']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']


abstract: From July 1982 through September 1994, 19 @entity1 had operative treatment of @entity475 associated with an @entity474 . Specific diagnosis were septum primum defects in 7, Rastelli @entity1129 in 6, transitional defects in 4, inlet @entity1757 with malattached chordae in 1, and tetralogy of Fallot with Rastelli type C defect in 1. Twenty-seven operations for @entity475 were performed. Surgical treatment of the outlet lesion was performed at initial @entity474 repair in 3 @entity1 and in the remaining 16 from 1.2 to 13.1 years (mean 4.9 years, median 3.9 years) after repair. Eighteen of the 19 @entity1 had fibrous resection and myectomy for relief of obstruction. Seven @entity1 had an associated left @entity340 . One @entity1 received an apicoaortic conduit. Seven @entity1 (36.8%) required 8 reoperations for previously treated @entity475 . Time to the second procedure was 2.8 to 7.4 years (mean 4.9 years). Follow-up is 0.4 to 14.0 years (median 5.6 years). Six-year actuarial freedom from reoperation is 66% +/- 15%. The angle between the plane of the outlet septum and the plane of the septal crest was measured in 10 normal hearts (86.4 +/- 13.7) and 10 hearts with @entity474 (22.2 +/- 26.0; p < 0.01). The outflow tract can be effectively shortened, widened, and the angle increased toward normal by augmenting the left side of the superior bridging leaflet and performing a fibromyectomy. CONCLUSION: Standard fibromyectomy for @entity475 in @entity1 with @entity474 leads to a high rate of reoperation. Leaflet augmentation and fibromyectomy may decrease the likelihood of reoperation.

title: XXXX in the spectrum of @entity474 . Solutions may be complex and palliative.

answer: @entity475 :: (MESH:C564793,Disease) :: ['Subaortic stenosis']


abstract: @entity712 causes substantial @entity1 morbidity and mortality in the United States. Symptoms and physical findings can be helpful in diagnosis but have limited sensitivity and specificity. Objective measurement of ventricular function is essential in virtually all @entity1 in whom a diagnosis of @entity712 is suspected. Reversible causes of @entity712 must be sought. Outpatient management includes education and counseling, emphasis on and assessment of compliance with diet, and pharmacologic treatment. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment but are underused, and maximal doses are not given apparently because of concern about side effects. Diuretic therapy should be administered only as needed to manage fluid overload. @entity460 channel blockers are relatively contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity67 . @entity1 follow-up should be guided by the results of the medical history and physical examination. Routine serial testing of ventricular function and exercise performance is discouraged.

title: Diagnosis and outpatient management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impaired ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 is the complication with the greatest medical repercussions in @entity170 . The aim of this study was to know both the incidence of @entity173 in Asturias, Spain and the immediate evolution of these @entity1 . METHODS: The clinical histories of all the @entity1 admitted for @entity173 in 1992 in two Asturian public health care areas were reviewed. @entity173 in @entity1 under the age of 45 years or those occurring because of other diseases ( @entity3 , @entity130 ) were excluded. RESULTS: In the health care areas studied in 1992 there were 283 @entity173 with an incidence of 219.6 @entity174 /10(5) inhabitants/year in those over the age of 50 years. The incidence in @entity1 over 45 years of age was 3-fold greater than that in @entity1 of the same age. The mean age of the @entity1 was 80.2 +/- 8.9 years. The incidence in @entity1 over the age of 50 was greater in urban (266/10(5) inhab./year) than in the rural areas (185.7/10(5) inhab./year) (p < 0.001). Ten percent of the @entity1 were residing in old age residences or hospitals at the time of the @entity174 . Eighty-one percent required surgery. Home was the site of the @entity174 in 84% of the cases with no seasonal variation being observed. The most frequent intrahospitalary complications observed were @entity281 (15%), @entity299 (18%), and @entity911 (8%). The mean hospital stay was 26.5 days with acute hospitalary mortality of 5.6%. Nineteen point seven percent of the @entity1 were transferred to a center for chronically ill @entity1 . The total cost of the hospital care for the @entity173 in this study exceeded 311 million pesetas in 1992. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology of @entity173 in Asturias, Spain, follows a similar pattern as that found in other Spanish regions. It was found to be more frequent in the urban than in the rural areas. Hospitalary mortality of these @entity1 is partly determined by age and the number of complications which developed during hospital stay. The impact on the @entity1 with @entity173 and on the economic resources destined to their attention justifies the development of @entity170 and @entity174 prevention programs.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Asturias].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'osteoporotic hip fractures', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture', 'osteoporotic hip fracture', 'Hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac or respiratory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['serious injury']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Concern has been expressed that exposure to fertility drugs might be associated with a risk of @entity43 . We have examined the incidence of @entity5344 in a cohort of 10,358 @entity1 referred for @entity52 ( @entity52 ) treatment in Victoria, Australia, between 1978 and 1992. The "exposed" group (n = 5564) had had ovarian stimulation to induce multiple folliculogenesis and the "unexposed" group (n = 4794) had been referred for @entity52 but were untreated or had had "natural cycle" treatment without ovarian stimulation. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 15 years. Cases of @entity5 were determined by record linkage with data from population-based @entity5 registries. 34 cases of @entity0 and 6 of invasive @entity43 were observed. A comparison with the expected numbers, derived by applying age-standardised general population rates to the cohort gave standardised incidence ratios (SIR) for @entity0 of 0.89 (95% CI 0.55-1.46) in the exposed group and 0.98 (0.62-1.56) in the unexposed group, and for @entity43 SIRs were 1.70 (0.55-5.27) and 1.62 (0.52-5.02), respectively. Rates of all @entity5 were not significantly different from general population rates. The relative risk (RR) of @entity5 , adjusted for age and @entity249 type, was, in the treated group compared with the untreated group, 1.11 (95% CI 0.56-2.20) for @entity43 . The risk of body of @entity5 was increased in the exposed and unexposed groups combined ( @entity4093 .84 [1.18-6.81]). @entity1 with @entity249 , independent of @entity52 exposure, had significantly increased risks of @entity43 (RR = 19.19 [2.23-165.0]) and body of @entity5 (RR = 6.34 [1.06-38.0]) compared with @entity1 with known causes of @entity249 . This relatively short-term follow-up suggests that ovarian stimulation with @entity52 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity0 . Although there was no significantly increased risk of @entity43 after ovarian stimulation with @entity52 the small number of cases limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Longer-term follow-up of large cohorts of @entity1 who have been in @entity52 programmes will be necessary.

title: @entity5344 incidence after XXXX and in vitro fertilisation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'breast cancer and 1.45 (0.28-7.55) for ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'uterus cancer']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in-vitro fertilisation']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: Concern has been expressed that exposure to fertility drugs might be associated with a risk of @entity43 . We have examined the incidence of @entity5344 in a cohort of 10,358 @entity1 referred for @entity52 ( @entity52 ) treatment in Victoria, Australia, between 1978 and 1992. The "exposed" group (n = 5564) had had ovarian stimulation to induce multiple folliculogenesis and the "unexposed" group (n = 4794) had been referred for @entity52 but were untreated or had had "natural cycle" treatment without ovarian stimulation. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 15 years. Cases of @entity5 were determined by record linkage with data from population-based @entity5 registries. 34 cases of @entity0 and 6 of invasive @entity43 were observed. A comparison with the expected numbers, derived by applying age-standardised general population rates to the cohort gave standardised incidence ratios (SIR) for @entity0 of 0.89 (95% CI 0.55-1.46) in the exposed group and 0.98 (0.62-1.56) in the unexposed group, and for @entity43 SIRs were 1.70 (0.55-5.27) and 1.62 (0.52-5.02), respectively. Rates of all @entity5 were not significantly different from general population rates. The relative risk (RR) of @entity5 , adjusted for age and @entity249 type, was, in the treated group compared with the untreated group, 1.11 (95% CI 0.56-2.20) for @entity43 . The risk of body of @entity5 was increased in the exposed and unexposed groups combined ( @entity4093 .84 [1.18-6.81]). @entity1 with @entity249 , independent of @entity52 exposure, had significantly increased risks of @entity43 (RR = 19.19 [2.23-165.0]) and body of @entity5 (RR = 6.34 [1.06-38.0]) compared with @entity1 with known causes of @entity249 . This relatively short-term follow-up suggests that ovarian stimulation with @entity52 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity0 . Although there was no significantly increased risk of @entity43 after ovarian stimulation with @entity52 the small number of cases limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Longer-term follow-up of large cohorts of @entity1 who have been in @entity52 programmes will be necessary.

title: XXXX incidence after @entity249 and in vitro fertilisation.

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['Breast and ovarian cancer']


abstract: Endothelial cell damage is one important pathophysiological step of @entity731 and @entity256 after angioplasty. Accelerated reendothelialization impairs @entity8233 formation. We evaluated the role of intravenously transfused endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on reendothelialization and @entity8233 formation in a @entity19 model of @entity1317 . Spleen-derived @entity19 mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cultured in endothelial basal medium. A total of 91.8+/-3.2% of adherent cells showed uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and lectin binding after 4 days. Immunostaining and long-term cultures confirmed the endothelial progenitor phenotype. To determine the effect of stem cell transfusion on reendothelialization, @entity19 received either fluorescent-labeled spleen-derived MNCs or in vitro differentiated EPCs intravenously after endothelial injury of the carotid artery. Transfused cells were strictly restricted to the injury site, and lectin binding confirmed the endothelial phenotype. Homing of transfused cells to the site of injury was only detectable in splenectomized @entity19 . Cell transfusion caused enhanced reendothelialization associated with a reduction of @entity8233 formation. Systemically applied spleen-derived MNCs and EPCs home to the site of @entity1317 , resulting in an enhanced reendothelialization associated with decreased @entity8233 formation. These results allow novel insights in stem cell biology and provide additional information for the treatment of @entity455 and prevention of @entity256 after angioplasty. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.

title: Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces XXXX formation after @entity1317 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury', 'vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: Endothelial cell damage is one important pathophysiological step of @entity731 and @entity256 after angioplasty. Accelerated reendothelialization impairs @entity8233 formation. We evaluated the role of intravenously transfused endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on reendothelialization and @entity8233 formation in a @entity19 model of @entity1317 . Spleen-derived @entity19 mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cultured in endothelial basal medium. A total of 91.8+/-3.2% of adherent cells showed uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and lectin binding after 4 days. Immunostaining and long-term cultures confirmed the endothelial progenitor phenotype. To determine the effect of stem cell transfusion on reendothelialization, @entity19 received either fluorescent-labeled spleen-derived MNCs or in vitro differentiated EPCs intravenously after endothelial injury of the carotid artery. Transfused cells were strictly restricted to the injury site, and lectin binding confirmed the endothelial phenotype. Homing of transfused cells to the site of injury was only detectable in splenectomized @entity19 . Cell transfusion caused enhanced reendothelialization associated with a reduction of @entity8233 formation. Systemically applied spleen-derived MNCs and EPCs home to the site of @entity1317 , resulting in an enhanced reendothelialization associated with decreased @entity8233 formation. These results allow novel insights in stem cell biology and provide additional information for the treatment of @entity455 and prevention of @entity256 after angioplasty. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.

title: Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces @entity8233 formation after XXXX .

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that @entity2072 use (abuse and/or dependency) is associated with @entity1538 . METHODS: A case-control study. Potential case @entity1 were identified from the Veterans Health Administration national clinical database using International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification for @entity1538 for fiscal year 2009. Inclusion criteria included consecutive prescriptions for 1 or more topical antiglaucoma medications. @entity2072 exposure was identified through International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification codes. The odds of @entity2072 exposure were compared with the overall outpatient population of national Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries and adjusted for age and other illicit drug use. A nested case-control study was conducted to examine the confounding influence of race. RESULTS: Age-adjusted odds ratios of @entity2072 exposure among @entity1 with @entity726 were statistically significant for both @entity1 [3.52 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.21-3.86)] and @entity1 [1.87 (95% CI: 1.79-1.96)], and did not change significantly when analyzed according to @entity734 status. Subset analysis adjusted for age, other illicit drugs, and race remained significant for @entity1 [1.45 (95% CI: 1.27-1.66)], but not @entity1 . @entity1 with substance use disorder and @entity726 were nearly 18 years younger than @entity726 @entity1 without a drug exposure history. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests the use of @entity2072 and possibly other illicit drugs are predictive of @entity726 . Should the association of substance use disorder ( @entity2072 or @entity2072 /poly-drug abuse) and @entity1538 be verified, it represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for @entity1018 .

title: Substance use disorder and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-dependency']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a strong risk factor for @entity301 and @entity1164 . It is associated with reduced baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) and heart rate variability (HRV), which are indicators of increased risk for mortality and morbidity in various @entity1 populations. This study was designed to assess the effects of exercise training on @entity4375 , HRV, and hemodynamics in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Subjects (50 @entity1 , mean age 53.3 +/- 5.1 years) with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomized into either a control group, in which they received conventional treatment only, or an exercise group, in which they received conventional treatment together with heart rate-controlled endurance training twice a week and supervised muscle strength training twice a week for 12 months. Measurements taken at baseline and follow-up included VO(2max), standard time and frequency domain measures of HRV during 24-h recording, and @entity4375 by the @entity2647 method. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, @entity64 index, and pulse wave velocity were measured by whole-body impedance cardiography. Significant improvements in VO(2max) (exercise group: +2.3 ml x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ); P < 0.005 vs. control group), muscle strength, and glycemic control (exercise group: HbA(1c) -0.9%; P < 0.001 vs. control group) were observed in the exercise group. @entity4375 increased in the exercise group, from 6.8 to 8.6 ms/mmHg, and decreased in the control group, from 7.5 to 6.4 ms/mmHg (95% CI for the difference between 0.05 and 4.36 ms/mmHg; P < 0.05). No significant changes in the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or in systemic hemodynamics were observed. We concluded that exercise training improves @entity4375 sensitivity in @entity164 2 @entity6 subjects in addition to increasing the exercise capacity and muscle strength and improving @entity413 control. These beneficial effects in reflectory autonomic regulation and @entity413 control caused by exercise may be associated with improved prognosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Exercise training improves baroreflex sensitivity in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a strong risk factor for @entity301 and @entity1164 . It is associated with reduced baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) and heart rate variability (HRV), which are indicators of increased risk for mortality and morbidity in various @entity1 populations. This study was designed to assess the effects of exercise training on @entity4375 , HRV, and hemodynamics in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Subjects (50 @entity1 , mean age 53.3 +/- 5.1 years) with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomized into either a control group, in which they received conventional treatment only, or an exercise group, in which they received conventional treatment together with heart rate-controlled endurance training twice a week and supervised muscle strength training twice a week for 12 months. Measurements taken at baseline and follow-up included VO(2max), standard time and frequency domain measures of HRV during 24-h recording, and @entity4375 by the @entity2647 method. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, @entity64 index, and pulse wave velocity were measured by whole-body impedance cardiography. Significant improvements in VO(2max) (exercise group: +2.3 ml x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ); P < 0.005 vs. control group), muscle strength, and glycemic control (exercise group: HbA(1c) -0.9%; P < 0.001 vs. control group) were observed in the exercise group. @entity4375 increased in the exercise group, from 6.8 to 8.6 ms/mmHg, and decreased in the control group, from 7.5 to 6.4 ms/mmHg (95% CI for the difference between 0.05 and 4.36 ms/mmHg; P < 0.05). No significant changes in the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or in systemic hemodynamics were observed. We concluded that exercise training improves @entity4375 sensitivity in @entity164 2 @entity6 subjects in addition to increasing the exercise capacity and muscle strength and improving @entity413 control. These beneficial effects in reflectory autonomic regulation and @entity413 control caused by exercise may be associated with improved prognosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Exercise training improves baroreflex sensitivity in @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 are chemotherapy-sensitive @entity5 , with two thirds of @entity1 responding to combination chemotherapy with @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity1485 ). @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), a new alkylating and methylating agent, has demonstrated high response rates in @entity1 with recurrent @entity816 . We investigated @entity2904 as first-line chemotherapy in recurrent @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity816 ( @entity816 ) after surgery and radiation therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial, @entity1 were treated with 200 mg/m2 of @entity2904 on days 1 through 5 in 28-day cycles for 12 cycles. @entity1 with a recurrence after prior surgery and radiotherapy, and with measurable and enhancing disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were eligible for this study. @entity1 with large lesions and mass effect or with new clinical deficits were not eligible. Pathology and the MRI scans of all responding @entity1 were centrally reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eligible @entity1 were included. In three @entity1 , pathology review did not confirm the presence of an @entity5 or @entity816 . @entity2904 was generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects were hematologic; only one @entity1 discontinued treatment for @entity137 . In 20 (52.6%) of 38 @entity1 (95% exact confidence interval, 35.8% to 69.0%), a complete (n = 10) or partial response to @entity2904 was observed. The median time to progression was 10.4 months for all @entity1 and 13.2 months for responding @entity1 . At 12 months from the start of treatment, 40% of @entity1 were still free from progression. CONCLUSION: @entity2904 provides an excellent response rate with good tolerability in chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 . A randomized phase III study comparing @entity1485 with @entity2904 is warranted.

title: Phase II study of first-line chemotherapy with XXXX in recurrent @entity5 : the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group Study 26971.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Oligodendroglial tumors', 'oligodendroglial tumors', 'OD', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['mixed oligoastrocytomas', 'OA', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 are chemotherapy-sensitive @entity5 , with two thirds of @entity1 responding to combination chemotherapy with @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity1485 ). @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), a new alkylating and methylating agent, has demonstrated high response rates in @entity1 with recurrent @entity816 . We investigated @entity2904 as first-line chemotherapy in recurrent @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity816 ( @entity816 ) after surgery and radiation therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial, @entity1 were treated with 200 mg/m2 of @entity2904 on days 1 through 5 in 28-day cycles for 12 cycles. @entity1 with a recurrence after prior surgery and radiotherapy, and with measurable and enhancing disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were eligible for this study. @entity1 with large lesions and mass effect or with new clinical deficits were not eligible. Pathology and the MRI scans of all responding @entity1 were centrally reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eligible @entity1 were included. In three @entity1 , pathology review did not confirm the presence of an @entity5 or @entity816 . @entity2904 was generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects were hematologic; only one @entity1 discontinued treatment for @entity137 . In 20 (52.6%) of 38 @entity1 (95% exact confidence interval, 35.8% to 69.0%), a complete (n = 10) or partial response to @entity2904 was observed. The median time to progression was 10.4 months for all @entity1 and 13.2 months for responding @entity1 . At 12 months from the start of treatment, 40% of @entity1 were still free from progression. CONCLUSION: @entity2904 provides an excellent response rate with good tolerability in chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 . A randomized phase III study comparing @entity1485 with @entity2904 is warranted.

title: Phase II study of first-line chemotherapy with @entity2903 in recurrent XXXX : the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group Study 26971.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglial tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various types of disease activity measures are available for @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), and there is no gold standard for all individual @entity1 . The @entity1691 activity score (ASDAS) is highly discriminatory, sensitive to change, and associated with structural progression. A simplified version of the ASDAS (SASDAS) was proposed and found to be a simple and practical tool to assess disease activity. Our aim was to test the performance characteristics of the SASDAS and compare it with validated tools. In total, 97 consecutive @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) @entity1 were included in the study. Disease activity was assessed by the ASDAS-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), bath @entity1691 activity index (BASDAI), and SASDAS. The relationship among these activity indices and the level of agreement of various activity categories were tested. There was a strong correlation between the SASDAS and other activity indices, including the BASDAI (r   =   0.916, p   <   0.001), @entity1851 (r   =   0.847, p   <   0.001), and ASDAS-ESR (r   =   0.942, p   <   0.001). Although the agreement between the ASDAS-ESR and SASDAS was good (weighted kappa of 0.744 and total agreement of 77  %), there was moderate agreement between the ASDAS- @entity1851 and SASDAS (weighted kappa of 0.579 and total agreement of 66  %). The disagreement was particularly striking in "moderate" and "high disease activity" states. Approximately 40  % of @entity1 classified as moderate activity according to the ASDAS-ESR and 45  % according to the @entity1851 were differentially categorized by the SASDAS. The results of the present analysis suggest that the simplified version of the ASDAS-ESR should be further validated in various settings and populations due to a questionable level of agreement between the @entity1851 and SASDAS.

title: Performance characteristics of the simplified version of XXXX activity score (SASDAS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis disease', 'axial spondyloarthritis', 'axSpA', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['ASDAS-C-reactive protein', 'CRP', 'ASDAS-CRP']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To understand the mechanisms of @entity64 and to target prevention, we need to know how risk factors differ between etiological subtypes. Hospital-based studies may be biased because not all @entity64 @entity1 are admitted. If risk factors differ between @entity1 who are admitted and those who are not, then case-control studies will be biased. If the likelihood of admission also depends on @entity64 subtype, then case-case comparisons may also be biased. METHODS: We compared risk factors and @entity385 subtypes (TOAST classification) in hospitalized and nonhospitalized @entity1 in 2 population-based @entity64 incidence studies: the Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC) and Oxfordshire @entity64 Project (OCSP). We also performed a meta-analysis of risk factor- @entity64 subtype associations with other published population-based studies. RESULTS: In OXVASC and OCSP, @entity64 subtypes differed between hospitalized (293 of 647) and nonhospitalized @entity1 (P<0.0001), with more @entity64 (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6) and fewer @entity64 (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.7). Premorbid blood pressure and @entity165 were higher in hospitalized @entity1 (both P<0.0001). Risk factor- @entity64 subtype associations in hospitalized @entity1 were consequently biased (P=0.001). Meta-analysis of data from all @entity1 in OXVASC, OCSP, and 2 other studies demonstrated consistent risk factor- @entity64 subtype associations. However, contrary to previous hospital-based studies, there was only a weak (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) and inconsistent (P(heterogeneity)=0.01) association between small-vessel @entity64 and @entity101 and no association with @entity6 (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalences of risk factors and @entity64 subtypes differ between hospitalized and nonhospitalized @entity1 with @entity385 , which may bias hospital-based risk factor studies. Meta-analysis of population-based studies suggests that vascular risk factors differ between @entity64 subtypes.

title: Differences in vascular risk factors between etiological subtypes of XXXX : importance of population-based studies.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Community Stroke', 'cardioembolic strokes', 'stroke', 'lacunar strokes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity1317 following penetrating @entity130 is rare and treatment is usually surgical ligation. Recent liberal use of angiography in the evaluation of penetrating neck @entity130 has identified increasing numbers of @entity1 with this @entity130 . This report describes our recent experience in treating @entity1 with @entity1317 . The purposes of this study were (1) to review the outcome of our @entity1 with @entity1317 , and (2) to develop an approach for managing these @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 were treated over a 9-year period. Three @entity1 underwent emergent operative exploration for @entity548 , three underwent transcatheter embolization alone, and ten were managed conservatively by close clinical observation. No @entity204 occurred. Ligation was performed for @entity130 discovered during neck exploration, however, @entity548 was sometimes persistent despite proximal control. In our center, where radiological support is readily available, temporary control of @entity548 by packing with hemostatic agents allowed subsequent transcatheter embolization of the injured artery. @entity2849 , arteriovenous fistulae, and extravasations discovered angiographically were usually managed by transcatheter embolization. @entity1 with vertebral artery narrowings or occlusions were managed by close clinical observation.

title: Extraluminal, transluminal, and observational treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery injuries', 'Injury to the vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'challenging injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery injuries']