abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity158 and disability. Given the constraint in the provision of care, there is a need to develop and assess effectiveness of new treatment models. The objective was to compare satisfaction with and effectiveness of a new integrated multidisciplinary outpatient program with usual care in an outpatient clinic for @entity1 with @entity571 . METHODS: @entity1 with clinical @entity571 referred to a rheumatology outpatient clinic were randomized to a 3.5-h multidisciplinary group-based educational program followed by individual consultations, or to usual care. The primary outcome was satisfaction with the health service evaluated on a numerical rating scale (0 = extremely unsatisfied, 10 = extremely satisfied) after 4 months. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life measures. RESULTS: Of 391 @entity1 , 86.4% (n = 338) were @entity1 , and mean age was 61.2 (SD 8.0) years. At 4 months, @entity1 who received integrated multidisciplinary care were significantly more satisfied with the health service compared with controls, with a mean difference of -1.05 (95% CI -1.68 to -0.43, p < 0.001). Among secondary outcomes, only self-efficacy with other symptoms scale (10-100) improved significantly in the multidisciplinary group compared with controls at 4 months (3.59, 95% CI 0.69-6.5, p = 0.02). At 12 months, the Australian/Canadian @entity571 Index @entity158 (0-10) were slightly worse in the multidisciplinary group with differences of 0.38 (95% CI 0.06-0.71, p = 0.02) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.02-1.07, p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving an integrated multidisciplinary care model were more satisfied with healthcare than those receiving usual care, whereas there were no clinically relevant improvements in health outcomes.

title: Effectiveness of an Integrated XXXX Outpatient Program versus Outpatient Clinic as Usual: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Hand Osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain (0-10) and fatigue scores', 'pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Multidisciplinary Osteoarthritis']


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity1363 given intravenously for the treatment of @entity159 in @entity1 . @entity1 received one to three bolus injections of @entity1363 (0.15 to 0.40 mg/kg) until @entity410 disappeared completely. In other @entity1 , continuous infusion of @entity1363 (0.06 to 0.48 mg/kg/hr) followed a bolus of @entity1363 or other anti- @entity302 agents. The dose was increased every 15 minutes until the @entity410 were brought under control. The etiology of 62 episodes of @entity159 was @entity302 in 43, acute @entity75 / @entity198 in 11, @entity410 in 7 and hypoxic @entity75 in 1. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 0.2 to 18.4 years (average: 3.7 years). Bolus injections were administered in 53 episodes. The average loading dose was 0.35 +/- 0.22 mg/kg (range 0.15 to 0.90 mg/kg). Of the 42 episodes in which @entity410 disappeared, 13 required no further continuous infusions. Of the remaining 29 in which continuous infusion was done at the rate of 0.06 to 0.60 mg/kg/hr (mean 0.30 mg/kg/hr), 21 ended in cessation of the @entity410 . The duration of continuous infusions ranged from 4 to 288 hours (average 49.0 hours). In 6 episodes there were adverse effects:transient @entity519 (5) and @entity2146 during withdrawal (1). No intervention was needed except oxygenation by mask for less than 72 hours. @entity1363 is effective and safe, and can be used as the first line drug in the treatment of @entity159 in @entity1 .

title: [ @entity1363 treatment for XXXX of @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity1363 given intravenously for the treatment of @entity159 in @entity1 . @entity1 received one to three bolus injections of @entity1363 (0.15 to 0.40 mg/kg) until @entity410 disappeared completely. In other @entity1 , continuous infusion of @entity1363 (0.06 to 0.48 mg/kg/hr) followed a bolus of @entity1363 or other anti- @entity302 agents. The dose was increased every 15 minutes until the @entity410 were brought under control. The etiology of 62 episodes of @entity159 was @entity302 in 43, acute @entity75 / @entity198 in 11, @entity410 in 7 and hypoxic @entity75 in 1. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 0.2 to 18.4 years (average: 3.7 years). Bolus injections were administered in 53 episodes. The average loading dose was 0.35 +/- 0.22 mg/kg (range 0.15 to 0.90 mg/kg). Of the 42 episodes in which @entity410 disappeared, 13 required no further continuous infusions. Of the remaining 29 in which continuous infusion was done at the rate of 0.06 to 0.60 mg/kg/hr (mean 0.30 mg/kg/hr), 21 ended in cessation of the @entity410 . The duration of continuous infusions ranged from 4 to 288 hours (average 49.0 hours). In 6 episodes there were adverse effects:transient @entity519 (5) and @entity2146 during withdrawal (1). No intervention was needed except oxygenation by mask for less than 72 hours. @entity1363 is effective and safe, and can be used as the first line drug in the treatment of @entity159 in @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX treatment for @entity159 of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['Midazolam']


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity1363 given intravenously for the treatment of @entity159 in @entity1 . @entity1 received one to three bolus injections of @entity1363 (0.15 to 0.40 mg/kg) until @entity410 disappeared completely. In other @entity1 , continuous infusion of @entity1363 (0.06 to 0.48 mg/kg/hr) followed a bolus of @entity1363 or other anti- @entity302 agents. The dose was increased every 15 minutes until the @entity410 were brought under control. The etiology of 62 episodes of @entity159 was @entity302 in 43, acute @entity75 / @entity198 in 11, @entity410 in 7 and hypoxic @entity75 in 1. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 0.2 to 18.4 years (average: 3.7 years). Bolus injections were administered in 53 episodes. The average loading dose was 0.35 +/- 0.22 mg/kg (range 0.15 to 0.90 mg/kg). Of the 42 episodes in which @entity410 disappeared, 13 required no further continuous infusions. Of the remaining 29 in which continuous infusion was done at the rate of 0.06 to 0.60 mg/kg/hr (mean 0.30 mg/kg/hr), 21 ended in cessation of the @entity410 . The duration of continuous infusions ranged from 4 to 288 hours (average 49.0 hours). In 6 episodes there were adverse effects:transient @entity519 (5) and @entity2146 during withdrawal (1). No intervention was needed except oxygenation by mask for less than 72 hours. @entity1363 is effective and safe, and can be used as the first line drug in the treatment of @entity159 in @entity1 .

title: [ @entity1363 treatment for @entity159 of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent retrospective studies suggest that the time to debridement of open tibia @entity174 is not a major determinant of outcome. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the modifiable independent predictors of poor outcomes. METHODS: A 36-month prospective observational study ending in December 2009 was performed on consecutive open tibia shaft @entity174 @entity1 (age >18 years) admitted to a Level 1 @entity130 center. Demographics, mechanism, Injury Severity Score, @entity174 type/grade, local contamination, time to debridement, time to antibiotics, and interventions were prospectively recorded. Outcome measures were as follows: length of stay, @entity281 , secondary procedures, and presence of union at 6 months and 12 months. Univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Eighty-nine consecutive @entity1 (74% male, age 41 years  17 years, Injury Severity Score 15  3, and 37% multiple injured) met inclusion criteria. The mean time to surgical debridement and operative stabilization was 8 hours  4 hours (48% within 6 hours). The average length of stay was 21 days  13 days. Fifteen @entity1 (17%) had @entity281 and 5 (6%) required amputation (1 acute and 4 late because of the @entity281 ). The 6-month and 12-month union rates were 39% and 67%, respectively. Fifty-six @entity1 (63%) required further procedures (a total of 312). The multivariate regression model (18 variables) showed no independent significant predictors for @entity281 or nonunion at 6 months and 12 months ( @entity1230 and smoking were closest to reach significance, p=0.08). CONCLUSION: Timely management of open tibia @entity174 (mean, 8 hours) eliminates time to debridement and contamination as predictors of poor outcome. @entity1 factors and local and @entity130 severity determine the outcomes. Aiming for the earliest safe time to debridement minimizes the negative effects of modifiable factors on the outcome.

title: Open tibia XXXX : timely debridement leaves injury severity as the only determinant of poor outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['general injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Point-of-care HbA1c screening devices are a valuable tool that community pharmacists can use to monitor @entity1 with @entity6 and improve their overall management. We previously reported our experiences using these devices to assess glycaemic control in @entity6 @entity1 at three community pharmacy locations in Toronto, Ontario. Here, we report data from screening of over 1000 @entity1 at clinics held across Canada. METHODS: Community pharmacies across Canada offering A1c screening as part of their professional programmes were invited to upload screening data to a central database. A1c analysis was performed using the Bayer A1c Now. @entity1 recruitment and approach to A1c screening were at the discretion of the participating pharmacies and were not standardized. Data collection took place over a period of 8 months. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of @entity1 screened (59.1%) had A1c values above target, indicating inadequate glycaemic control. Glycaemic control was generally poorer among @entity1 on more intensive treatment regimens. A total of 1711 clinical interventions were performed by pharmacists. An average of two interventions were performed per @entity1 , and we observed a trend towards increased numbers of interventions in @entity1 with poorer glycaemic control. The prevalence of specific types of interventions showed an apparent shift from predominantly pharmacist-directed interventions in @entity1 with better glycaemic control towards an increased prevalence of physician-directed interventions in @entity1 with poorer glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS: These results illustrate the prevalence of suboptimal glycaemic control among @entity6 @entity1 in the community, which represents a significant opportunity for pharmacists to use point-of-care screening to detect hyperglycaemia and intervene to improve disease management when warranted.

title: Community pharmacy-based A1c screening: a Canadian model for XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Corticosteroid treatment of the fetus, which accelerates lung maturation, may mimic a modulating role of endogenous corticoids in normal development. To investigate this question, we determined the developmental pattern of plasma corticoids and their binding proteins in the @entity95 , a commonly used species for studies of lung differentiation. The concentration of @entity701 , the most potent glucocorticoid in the @entity95 , was maximal at 23 days gestation (1.89 micrograms/dl), declining to 0.54 micrograms/dl at term (31 days). Levels of plasma @entity2819 were always lower than those of @entity701 . The adrenal content of corticoids, expressed per adrenal DNA or g BW, decreased during late gestation. Corticosteroid-binding globulin in fetal plasma decreased strikingly between day 23 (36 micrograms @entity701 bound/dl) and day 31 (4.4 micrograms/dl; P less than 0.001), whereas maternal levels increased about 10-fold during this time. Free @entity701 in the fetus increased between 21 and 23 days (0.041 micrograms/dl) and then decreased somewhat until after day 29 when there was an increase. To examine more directly the influence of endogenous glucocorticoids in the fetal lung, we assayed @entity701 in extracts of purified lung nuclei as a reflection of receptor- @entity701 complexes. The nuclear content of @entity701 was constant between 23 and 30 days at levels (0.056-0.074 ng/mg DNA) comparable to those predicted from data for plasma free @entity701 . Thus, in the @entity95 , increases in plasma @entity701 and nuclear receptor- @entity701 complex are not temporally associated with the major events of lung development as in other species. We speculate that endogenous glucocorticoids may have a permissive or delayed influence on the lung during normal development in the @entity95 .

title: Endogenous corticoids and lung development in the fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although widely used, the effects of @entity134 "bursts" on the @entity2339 , especially with long-term, concomitant topical @entity230 use, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a @entity229 burst, long-term intranasal @entity230 , and inhaled @entity5023 on the suppression and recovery of adrenal function. METHODS: Adult @entity1 taking long-term intranasal @entity230 , either moderate-dose (440 microg/d) or high-dose (880 microg/d) inhaled @entity5023 , underwent a low-dose @entity5304 stimulation test (LDCST) before and 2 days after a @entity229 burst. Suppressed adrenal responses were monitored with a weekly LDCST. Persistent abnormal LDCST results were confirmed by 8-hour cosyntropin infusion. Inhaled @entity5023 dosages were decreased; adrenal recovery was evaluated by a monthly LDCST. Adverse effects of @entity230 were monitored by questionnaires. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 participated in the study. Three of 31 @entity1 not taking inhaled @entity230 and 1 of 13 @entity1 taking moderate-dose @entity5023 had abnormal LDCST results on day 2 after the @entity229 burst, which normalized by the second week. In the high-dose @entity5023 group, 14 of 19 @entity1 had suppressed LDCST responses on day 2 and adrenal function recovered in 10 of 19 @entity1 by the fourth week. These @entity1 complained significantly of decreased libido (P = 0.02), listlessness (P = 0.03), and @entity353 (P = 0.05). High-dose @entity5023 (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and duration of use (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) were statistically correlated with @entity73 . Of the 4 @entity1 with persistent @entity73 , 3 @entity1 successfully reduced dosages of inhaled @entity5023 and adrenal function recovered in 2 to 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity229 bursts induce brief @entity73 . Intranasal @entity230 and moderate-dose @entity5023 had no effect on adrenal function. High-dose, inhaled @entity5023 caused mild-to-significant adrenal suppression and delayed the recovery after a @entity134 burst. Avoiding or limiting the duration of high-dose inhaled @entity230 would minimize systemic adverse effects.

title: The effect of a @entity134 "burst" and long-term, inhaled XXXX on adrenal reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone', 'Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal impairment']

entities_list: @entity5304 :: ('MESH:D003366', 'Chemical') :: ['cosyntropin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although widely used, the effects of @entity134 "bursts" on the @entity2339 , especially with long-term, concomitant topical @entity230 use, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a @entity229 burst, long-term intranasal @entity230 , and inhaled @entity5023 on the suppression and recovery of adrenal function. METHODS: Adult @entity1 taking long-term intranasal @entity230 , either moderate-dose (440 microg/d) or high-dose (880 microg/d) inhaled @entity5023 , underwent a low-dose @entity5304 stimulation test (LDCST) before and 2 days after a @entity229 burst. Suppressed adrenal responses were monitored with a weekly LDCST. Persistent abnormal LDCST results were confirmed by 8-hour cosyntropin infusion. Inhaled @entity5023 dosages were decreased; adrenal recovery was evaluated by a monthly LDCST. Adverse effects of @entity230 were monitored by questionnaires. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 participated in the study. Three of 31 @entity1 not taking inhaled @entity230 and 1 of 13 @entity1 taking moderate-dose @entity5023 had abnormal LDCST results on day 2 after the @entity229 burst, which normalized by the second week. In the high-dose @entity5023 group, 14 of 19 @entity1 had suppressed LDCST responses on day 2 and adrenal function recovered in 10 of 19 @entity1 by the fourth week. These @entity1 complained significantly of decreased libido (P = 0.02), listlessness (P = 0.03), and @entity353 (P = 0.05). High-dose @entity5023 (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and duration of use (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) were statistically correlated with @entity73 . Of the 4 @entity1 with persistent @entity73 , 3 @entity1 successfully reduced dosages of inhaled @entity5023 and adrenal function recovered in 2 to 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity229 bursts induce brief @entity73 . Intranasal @entity230 and moderate-dose @entity5023 had no effect on adrenal function. High-dose, inhaled @entity5023 caused mild-to-significant adrenal suppression and delayed the recovery after a @entity134 burst. Avoiding or limiting the duration of high-dose inhaled @entity230 would minimize systemic adverse effects.

title: The effect of a XXXX "burst" and long-term, inhaled @entity5023 on adrenal reserve.

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: This study investigated the clinical efficacy of a bonded resin composite restoration with and without cuspal coverage for the treatment of @entity158 , cracked teeth. @entity1 in a private dental practice who presented with complaints were selected. Inclusion criteria were sensitivity to cold, biting and a clinically-visible crack after removal of the existing restoration. All 40 teeth were restored with a three-step total etch system ( @entity8718 /Clearfil SA primer/PhotoBond), 20 with cuspal coverage and 20 without. @entity1 were interviewed at one week, five weeks and six months regarding the presence of @entity158 . In addition, the teeth were clinically examined after six months to reveal any sensitivity. At one week, @entity1 reported that 12 teeth (30%) were free of @entity158 and 28 teeth (70%) still had symptoms. At five weeks, @entity1 reported that 25 teeth (62.5%) were free of @entity158 and 13 teeth (32.5%) still had symptoms. Two teeth (5%) needed endodontic treatment after two and five weeks. At six months, @entity1 reported that 30 teeth (75%) were functioning without any complaints. Upon clinical examination, only 20 teeth (50%) were free of symptoms. No statistically significant difference between the results of the teeth treated with and without cuspal coverage could be shown (Fischer's exact test at p<0.05).

title: The effectiveness of bonded composite restorations in the treatment of XXXX , cracked teeth: six-month clinical evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: Because @entity3553 ( @entity3553 ) is an @entity4767 , recognition is not always prompt. Consequently delays can allow a serious but curable @entity281 to become irreparably damaging or even fatal. This condition, particularly in the early stages, is relatively easy to treat. Personal experience with six @entity1 during the past 3 years promoted us to review the data from UCLA and its affiliated hospitals. Among the 23 cases of @entity3553 reviewed, the predisposing factor in 16 was @entity1244 , @entity2267 , or @entity2346 media. The clinical presentation, encompassing a systemic @entity221 , @entity10 , and @entity51 , was monotonously uniform. The high incidence of paranasal sinus involvement in the adult, @entity2172 in @entity1 , and @entity410 in 15 @entity1 comprised further clinical clues suggesting the diagnosis. Although usually diagnosed as an intracranial inflammatory process, an initial failure to suspect a purulent collection in the subdural compartment was typical. Although the findings of definitive diagnostic studies (computed tomography or angiography) are strikingly positive in advanced cases, in the earlier stages of this disorder they may be subtly abnormal. Because the mortality and morbidity rates, in some measure, depend on the stage at which the process is arrested, the real challenge lies in making a prompt diagnosis. The most favorable results are associated with early, decisive surgical treatment.

title: XXXX --importance of early diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['unusual central nervous system infection']

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['subdural empyema', 'SDE']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infections']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity3553 :: (MESH:D013354,Disease) :: ['Subdural empyema']


abstract: A reduced adaptation rate of the myocardium must, in many cases, be made responsible for @entity299 of old @entity1 . The present investigations are aimed towards the question whether heart in old age is accompanied by a loss of myocardial cells and whether a polyploidisation of @entity2057 takes place thus indicating an adaptive process. A total of 40 @entity1 hearts obtained from autopsy material were studied, among them 30 geriatric hearts. Following preparation of the hearts, the myocardium was weighed and the total amount of DNA was determined biochemically. By means of Feulgen cytophotometry the ploidy levels of the heart muscle nuclei were detected. We have used a special method for estimating the total number of @entity2057 and connective tissue cells in the individual hearts. It could be shown that the total amount of DNA in the myocardium is correlated with the myocardial weight and not with the age of the individual. Instead, DNA synthesis occurs in the @entity2057 of all age groups depending on the functional activity of the heart. The degree of polyploidisation is closely correlated with @entity1283 without any influence of age. In @entity1184 hearts the number of connective tissue cells increases from normally 4 to 5 X 10(9) to 12 X 10(9) (in hearts weighing more than 700 g); in hearts with @entity82 these values are even higher. In normal hearts 1.8 to 2.1 X 10(9) @entity2057 can be estimated; in hearts weighing more than 500 g numerical @entity1373 of the @entity2057 is produced, reaching a maximum number of 4.8 X 10(9) muscle cells in excessively @entity1184 hearts weighing more than 800 g. No correlation between age and myocardial cell number (i.e. @entity2057 or connective tissue cells) could be observed. This means that no agespecific changes occur in the myocardium with regard to the DNA content and cell number. The structural changes found in the hearts of old individuals are produced by extracardial influences (i.e. @entity4288 , @entity101 , etc.) leading to @entity1283 . Polyploidisation and augmentation of @entity2057 in @entity1283 or decrease in the number of @entity2057 in heart @entity194 may occur at any time of life and are not age-specific.

title: Myocardial DNA content, ploidy level and cell number in geriatric hearts: post-mortem examinations of XXXX myocardium in old age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['heart muscle cells']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the objective examination of aortic histology, each position observed in a sample can be classed as having or not having atheronecrosis, and each aorta can be scored as affected in a measured percentage of the sample. Positions not having @entity39 can be measured for intimal thickness and the mean of those measurements is an estimate of the quantity of intimal @entity3385 . Both atheronecrosis and @entity3385 , measured in these ways, increase with age. Within age groups these two variables are correlated with each other. By multivariate statistical methods, independent variation of the two variables among populations was assessed. Populations compared were from Bogota, Durban (Bantu and Indian), Manila, Mexico, New Orleans (Negro and White) and Sao Paulo. Manila ranked highest on the quantity of @entity3385 and Durban Bantu lowest. Sao Paulo ranked highest on the extent of atheronecrosis and New Orleans Negro was lowest. The two variables assorted among the eight populations independently of each other to a large degree, suggesting that @entity3385 and atheronecrosis are at least in part subject to separate and independent causes. The numbers of smooth muscle cells and the extent of foam cell infiltration did not differ significantly between @entity731 related and basal cause of death groups. These cellularity measures were, with minor exceptions, not significantly different among populations, suggesting that they are inherent @entity1 characteristics largely unaffected by environmental circumstances.

title: Histometric components of XXXX which vary or remain constant among eight populations.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['aortic atherosclerosis']


abstract: A novel stimulant of gastric acid secretion was extracted and purified from the non-antral gastric mucosa of the @entity235 stomach and some of its biological properties were examined. Tissue was boiled in water and extracted in 2% @entity6146 . The stimulatory activity was purified by a combination of reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gel filtration. Fractions were assayed for a stimulation of basal, @entity10026 - and @entity112 -stimulated gastric acid secretion in the anaesthetized @entity35 . Stimulatory activity was eluted from reverse-phase HPLC columns with @entity1626 and its elution from Sephadex G-10 and G-50 columns suggested a molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,000. The highly purified extracts enhanced basal, @entity10026 - and @entity112 -stimulated acid secretion in the @entity35 . A stimulatory fraction was purified which was devoid of immunoreactive @entity16340 and @entity72870 and contained only small amounts of @entity112 . Its chromatographic properties differed from those of @entity112 and @entity934 . On two occasions the stimulant was purified to homogeneity and found to contain @entity3534 . Insufficient pure material was obtained for full characterization. The stimulant has been tentatively called oxyntin.

title: Partial purification of a novel stimulant of gastric acid secretion from XXXX non-antral mucosa.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity10026 :: ('MESH:D010418', 'Chemical') :: ['pentagastrin']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity72870 :: ('610154(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['gastrin-releasing peptide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric leaks and @entity548 are the most important complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The use of absorbable membranes as staple line reinforcement may decrease this risk. On the other hand, these materials bring additional costs and their economic impact is not well known. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and economic performance of one of the commercially available buttressing absorbable materials when treating a high-risk population. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, and comparative study was conducted at Montpellier University Hospital, France, between July 2013 and September 2014. @entity1 undergoing LSG, who were at a high risk for leaks and @entity548 , were included and treated according to two groups: no buttressing (July 2013 to January 2014) and buttressing (February 2014 to September 2014). Clinical and economic outcomes were measured throughout the first 6  months. RESULTS: Two hundred two @entity1 were included in the study: 116 during the no stapling reinforcement period and 86 during the buttressing period. Baseline characteristics were similar. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding gastric leaks. However, buttressing @entity6243 (0 vs 8.6  %, p   =   0.005) and decreased average total hospital costs for the first hospitalization (5768 vs 6025    , p   <   0.001), as well as 6-month total inpatient cost (5944 vs. 6246    , p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Staple line reinforcement with absorbable material reduces @entity548 in high-risk population. Therefore, this type of material can also result in cost-savings.

title: Clinical and Economic Evaluation of Absorbable Staple Line Buttressing in Sleeve Gastrectomy in High-Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['reduced hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Seasonality in @entity1082 ) vaccination could have a large impact on national @entity5 prevention efforts. We hypothesized that uptake of HPV vaccine and other adolescent vaccines in the United States would be highest in the summer. METHODS: Data came from health care provider-verified vaccination records for 70,144 adolescents (ages 13-17 years) from the 2008 to 2012 versions of the National Immunization Survey-Teen. Using the Edwards method for testing annual trends, we examined seasonal patterns in the uptake of HPV and other recommended adolescent vaccines [ @entity116 , @entity7394 , and @entity5695 (Tdap) booster and meningococcal vaccine]. HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of the first of the three-dose series) data were for female adolescents. RESULTS: Uptake for HPV and other adolescent vaccines peaked in the summer across years and states (all P < 0.001). Uptake was five times as frequent at the peak as at the trough for HPV vaccine, and HPV vaccine initiation was highest in June, July, and August (percent of doses delivered in these months: 38.7%). The same pattern existed for Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccine. Concomitant (same-day) vaccination of HPV vaccine with other adolescent vaccines also demonstrated summer peaks each year nationally (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Uptake of adolescent vaccines increased dramatically in summer months. These summer peaks are an important opportunity for interventions focused on concomitant vaccination. IMPACT: The potential @entity5 prevention impact of HPV vaccination programs could be increased, for example, by delivering messages about concomitant vaccination during the summer, when adolescents and their parents might be most open to them. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 1-8.   2015 AACR.

title: Summer Peaks in Uptake of XXXX and Other Adolescent Vaccines in the United States.

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) is a progressive spinal condition that is often managed surgically. Knowledge of important predictors of surgical outcome can provide decision support to surgeons and enable them to effectively manage their @entity1 ' expectations. The purpose of this study was to identify the most important clinical predictors of surgical outcome in @entity1 with @entity3799 using data from two multinational prospective studies. METHODS: A total of 757 @entity1 treated surgically for @entity3799 participated in either the @entity3799 -North America or the @entity3799 -International study. The model was designed to distinguish between @entity1 who achieved a modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score of >= 16 at the one-year follow-up and those who did not (mJOA < 16). A score of 16 was chosen as the cutoff as an mJOA of >= 16 translates to minimal impairment. Univariate analyses evaluated the relationship between outcome and various clinical predictors. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to create the final prediction rule and estimate relative risks. RESULTS: Based on univariate analyses, the probability of achieving a score of >= 16 decreased with the presence of certain symptoms, including @entity426 , the presence of certain signs such as lower limb @entity508 , positive smoking status, higher comorbidity score, more severe preoperative @entity602 , and older age. The final model consisted of six significant and clinically relevant predictors: baseline severity score (relative risk [RR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.15), impaired gait (RR, 0.76 [ref. = absence]; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.88), age (RR, 0.91 per decade; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96), comorbidity score (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98), smoking status (RR, 0.78 [ref. = non-smoking]; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.93), and duration of symptoms (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 were more likely to achieve a score of >= 16 (indicating minimal impairment) if they were younger, had milder preoperative @entity602 , did not smoke, had fewer and less severe comorbidities, did not present with impaired gait, and had shorter symptom duration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: A Clinical Prediction Rule for Functional Outcomes in XXXX Undergoing Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Analysis of an International Prospective Multicenter Data Set of 757 Subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical spondylotic myelopathy', 'CSM']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the effect of switching @entity1 with major @entity308 to @entity1153 following an initial selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor treatment failure, and explored potential biomarkers in their blood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, 24-week trial. @entity308 was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale. @entity1 showing a >= 50% reduction in Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale scores from baseline to final visit were considered responders. Regarding @entity4237 ( @entity4237 ), moderate-to-severe @entity4237 were specifically identified as effects that required any medical treatment or that induced treatment withdrawals. We also measured blood levels of various molecules including inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity1 who enrolled, 17 completed this study. The responder rate was 30% (n=10). Baseline serum levels of @entity650 (Z=-2.155; P=0.031) and @entity687 (Z=-2.616; P=0.009) were significantly higher when moderate-to-severe @entity4237 were present (n=13 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity4237 ). Serum levels of @entity13468 showed a significant continuous decrease from the baseline level (Friedman's test:    (2)=23.9, df=4, P<0.001) only in non-responders. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that serum levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity13468 as potential blood biomarkers could be utilized to identify the responsiveness of @entity1 to @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor like @entity1153 , or to identify those @entity1 who may experience @entity4237 strong enough to warrant discontinuation of treatment.

title: XXXX treatment and potential biomarkers in @entity308 @entity1 following an initial SSRI treatment failure: a prospective, open-label, 24-week study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['AEs', 'adverse effects']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity13468 :: ('9560', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein-1b']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1153 :: (MESH:C048107,Chemical) :: ['Milnacipran']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the effect of switching @entity1 with major @entity308 to @entity1153 following an initial selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor treatment failure, and explored potential biomarkers in their blood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, 24-week trial. @entity308 was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale. @entity1 showing a >= 50% reduction in Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale scores from baseline to final visit were considered responders. Regarding @entity4237 ( @entity4237 ), moderate-to-severe @entity4237 were specifically identified as effects that required any medical treatment or that induced treatment withdrawals. We also measured blood levels of various molecules including inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity1 who enrolled, 17 completed this study. The responder rate was 30% (n=10). Baseline serum levels of @entity650 (Z=-2.155; P=0.031) and @entity687 (Z=-2.616; P=0.009) were significantly higher when moderate-to-severe @entity4237 were present (n=13 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity4237 ). Serum levels of @entity13468 showed a significant continuous decrease from the baseline level (Friedman's test:    (2)=23.9, df=4, P<0.001) only in non-responders. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that serum levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity13468 as potential blood biomarkers could be utilized to identify the responsiveness of @entity1 to @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor like @entity1153 , or to identify those @entity1 who may experience @entity4237 strong enough to warrant discontinuation of treatment.

title: @entity1153 treatment and potential biomarkers in XXXX @entity1 following an initial SSRI treatment failure: a prospective, open-label, 24-week study.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the effect of switching @entity1 with major @entity308 to @entity1153 following an initial selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor treatment failure, and explored potential biomarkers in their blood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, 24-week trial. @entity308 was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale. @entity1 showing a >= 50% reduction in Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale scores from baseline to final visit were considered responders. Regarding @entity4237 ( @entity4237 ), moderate-to-severe @entity4237 were specifically identified as effects that required any medical treatment or that induced treatment withdrawals. We also measured blood levels of various molecules including inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity1 who enrolled, 17 completed this study. The responder rate was 30% (n=10). Baseline serum levels of @entity650 (Z=-2.155; P=0.031) and @entity687 (Z=-2.616; P=0.009) were significantly higher when moderate-to-severe @entity4237 were present (n=13 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity4237 ). Serum levels of @entity13468 showed a significant continuous decrease from the baseline level (Friedman's test:    (2)=23.9, df=4, P<0.001) only in non-responders. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that serum levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity13468 as potential blood biomarkers could be utilized to identify the responsiveness of @entity1 to @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor like @entity1153 , or to identify those @entity1 who may experience @entity4237 strong enough to warrant discontinuation of treatment.

title: @entity1153 treatment and potential biomarkers in @entity308 XXXX following an initial SSRI treatment failure: a prospective, open-label, 24-week study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is described as the slow passage of contrast to distal coronaries despite anatomically normal coronary arteries. It has been shown that increased serum @entity17302 activity (SPA) correlates with collagen turnover. Increased collagen turnover might be associated with the development of @entity731 . AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum @entity17302 activity and slow coronary flow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 @entity301 @entity1 (mean age: 55.0   9.5 years, 20 females) and 40 controls (mean age: 53.9   8.2 years, 21 females) with normal coronary anatomy and normal coronary flow. The Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) frame-count (TFC) method was used for @entity301 diagnosis. Serum @entity17302 activity was measured spectrophotometrically, and the relevant parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the @entity301 and control groups in terms of basic demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. However, the SPA was significantly higher in the @entity301 group compared to the control (702.7   13.8 and 683.9   13.2 respectively, p<0.001). Serum @entity17302 activity was significantly correlated with the mean TFC (r=0.463, p<0.001). The overall findings of this study support the predictive accuracy of the serum @entity17302 activity in our cohort, with a statistically significant ROC value of 681.3. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that SPA was increased in @entity301 @entity1 . The activity of this enzyme was significantly correlated with the mean TFC.

title: Evaluation of serum XXXX activity in @entity1 with slow coronary flow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['SCF', 'Slow coronary flow']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity17302 :: (5184,Gene) :: ['prolidase']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is described as the slow passage of contrast to distal coronaries despite anatomically normal coronary arteries. It has been shown that increased serum @entity17302 activity (SPA) correlates with collagen turnover. Increased collagen turnover might be associated with the development of @entity731 . AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum @entity17302 activity and slow coronary flow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 @entity301 @entity1 (mean age: 55.0   9.5 years, 20 females) and 40 controls (mean age: 53.9   8.2 years, 21 females) with normal coronary anatomy and normal coronary flow. The Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) frame-count (TFC) method was used for @entity301 diagnosis. Serum @entity17302 activity was measured spectrophotometrically, and the relevant parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the @entity301 and control groups in terms of basic demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. However, the SPA was significantly higher in the @entity301 group compared to the control (702.7   13.8 and 683.9   13.2 respectively, p<0.001). Serum @entity17302 activity was significantly correlated with the mean TFC (r=0.463, p<0.001). The overall findings of this study support the predictive accuracy of the serum @entity17302 activity in our cohort, with a statistically significant ROC value of 681.3. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that SPA was increased in @entity301 @entity1 . The activity of this enzyme was significantly correlated with the mean TFC.

title: Evaluation of serum @entity17302 activity in XXXX with slow coronary flow.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies have demonstrated the need for @entity158 control during multiple transrectal prostate biopsies. Due to encountered published results on periprostatic nerve block, we prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of periprostatic local anaesthesia at the apex in comparison to intrarectal @entity3303 gel. METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2002 110 @entity1 underwent prostate biopsy. @entity1 were randomized to receive 10 cc of either 2% @entity3303 gel intrarectally (Group 1) or 10 cc of 1% @entity3303 solution injected under ultrasound guidance for bilateral periprostatic nerve block at the apex (Group 2). @entity158 during biopsy was assessed using a 10-point linear visual analog @entity158 scale and a 5-point digital @entity227 scale (continuous variables). Statistical analysis of @entity158 scores was performed using the Student t-test. RESULTS: 96 @entity1 fitted the inclusion and presented no exclusion criteria. 43 @entity1 composed group 1, and 53 @entity1 group 2. The mean @entity158 score was 2.76+/-1.69 and 1.73+/-1.26 for group 1 and 2, respectively for the 10-point linear visual analog @entity158 scale (p=0.001). The mean @entity158 score was 2.26+/-0.82 and 1.62+/-0.56 for groups 1 and 2, respectively for the 5-point digital @entity227 scale (p<0.001). There was no difference in mean @entity1 age (p=0.348), prostate size (p=0.899), serum PSA (p=0.932), and complications when comparing both groups. The number of biopsies per @entity1 was significantly higher in group 2 (p=0.006), but @entity158 scores in each scale were significantly less. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic nerve block at the apex is superior to intrarectal @entity3303 gel for controlling @entity158 during transrectal prostate biopsy, with no increased complications. This technique should be recommended for those @entity1 without anal or rectal inflammatory diseases.

title: Prospective study comparing two methods of anaesthesia for prostate biopsies: apex periprostatic nerve block versus intrarectal XXXX gel: review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual pain']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of US in the diagnosis of @entity6804 in neonates by posterolateral fontanelle as compared with the anterior fontanelle approach and MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: US studies were performed on 1337 neonates, including 512 preterm @entity1 , through the anterior and posterolateral fontanelles. Abnormalities were detected in 134 @entity1 . Among them, abnormalities in posterior fossa were visualized with the posterolateral approach in 14 neonates. MR images were obtained in that subgrqup. RESULTS: The lesions consisted of @entity548 and @entity76 . Foci of @entity548 were visualized by US in preterm neonates (n = 5), only through the posterolateral approach and on MRI. @entity1647 (n = 2) were detected by US with both approaches and confirmed on MRI. In @entity26282 (n =2), US with both approaches, showed @entity76 and fluid in the posterior fossa. MRI, additionally visualized pontine @entity509 . Fluid collection in the posterior fossa and translocation of cerebellar hemispheres were observed in the other 6 neonates by US with both approaches. MRI revealed @entity145 (n = 2), mega cisterna magna (n = 3) and Blake's pouch (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: US using posterolateral fontanelle is the method of choice for the diagnosis of @entity548 . These lesions are not visualized through anterior fontanelle. US visualization of the abnormal structures in some @entity76 has similar effectiveness for both approaches. MRI plays the crucial role in identification and differential diagnosis of these @entity600 .

title: [Cranial ultrasound through posterolateral fontanelle in visualization of XXXX in preterm and term neonates].

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'cerebellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26282 :: ('MESH:C580383', 'Disease') :: ['pontocerebellar hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1647 :: ('MESH:D003616', 'Disease') :: ['Dandy-Walker malformations']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar malformations', 'congenital cerebellar malformations', 'hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres']

answer: @entity6804 :: (MESH:D015192,Disease) :: ['posterior fossa abnormalities']


abstract: Pore models of membrane fusion postulate that cylinders of integral membrane proteins can initiate a fusion pore after conformational rearrangement of pore subunits. In the fusion of @entity375 vacuoles, V-ATPase V0 sectors, which contain a central cylinder of membrane integral proteolipid subunits, associate to form a transcomplex that might resemble an intermediate postulated in some pore models. We tested the role of V0 sectors in vacuole fusion. V0 functions in fusion and proton translocation could be experimentally separated via the differential effects of mutations and inhibitory antibodies. Inactivation of the V0 subunit @entity11858 blocked fusion in the terminal reaction stage that is independent of a proton gradient. Deltavph1 mutants were capable of docking and trans-SNARE pairing and of subsequent release of lumenal @entity141 , but they did not fuse. The @entity141 -releasing channel appears to be tightly coupled to V0 because inactivation of @entity11858 by antibodies blocked @entity141 release. @entity11858 deletion on only one fusion partner sufficed to severely reduce fusion activity. The functional requirement for @entity11858 correlates to V0 transcomplex formation in that both occur after docking and @entity141 release. These observations establish V0 as a crucial factor in vacuole fusion acting downstream of trans-SNARE pairing.

title: Vacuole membrane fusion: V0 functions after trans-SNARE pairing and is coupled to the XXXX -releasing channel.

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Four cases of @entity358 are reported. Two cases (1978, 1979) were diagnosed on microscopic examination of lung parenchyma excised on suspicion of @entity153 . The third case was diagnosed retrospectively by reexamining the slides of a @entity1 operated on in 1965, who presented with a similar history and chest X-ray. The fourth was diagnosed at autopsy in a @entity1 who committed suicide. @entity5850 is a rare disease which affects the lung in 15--20% of cases. Despite its name, @entity5850 is not due to a fungus but to an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus. The germ is a saprophyte of the @entity1 digestive tract and is very sensitive to penicillins. It may become pathogenic in a compromised host and usually produces cervico-facial lesions which develop by continuity from mouth mucosa. Abdominal or, more rarely, @entity358 are due to ingestion or inhalation of infected material. Chest X-ray appearance of @entity358 mimics that of @entity153 . Actinomyces culture is difficult, and diagnosis is often based on microscopic examination of the surgical specimen only. Antibiotic therapy is a mandatory complement to surgical treatment.

title: [Pleuro- XXXX . Report of 4 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary actinomycosis', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary actinomycosis']


abstract: Between 1993-1997, there were 14,023 new cases of @entity5 registered in Navarra. In @entity1 , the most frequently diagnosed @entity5 were in the following order: lung, prostate, colon and rectum, stomach and bladder, which accounted for 60% of all the @entity5 cases. In @entity1 the sites of breast, colon and rectum, body of uterus, stomach and ovary accounted for 57% of the total number of cases. In the same period, 1993-1997, 3,875 @entity1 and 2,332 @entity1 died of @entity5 . 60% of all the @entity204 caused by @entity5 in @entity1 were due to the sites of lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach and bladder. In @entity1 the sites of breast, colon and rectum, stomach, pancreas and liver, accounted for 51% of @entity204 from @entity5 . Amongst @entity1 in Navarra there has been an important increase in the last two decades of the rates of incidence and @entity5 related to the habit of smoking (lung, oral cavity and pharynx or pancreas). The global risk of dying from @entity5 was higher in the late 90s than in the 70s and 80s. From 1995 onwards, @entity5 mortality advanced from second place to occupy the first place as the cause of @entity204 amongst @entity1 in Navarra. Amongst @entity1 , @entity65 continue to be the first cause of @entity204 . Amongst @entity1 the global risk of @entity204 from @entity5 fell by 20% between 1975 and 1997, due principally to a fall in cases of @entity5 . Tumours related to the habit of smoking have not so far shown substantial increases amongst @entity1 in Navarra. @entity0 has increased in recent years, although its incidence and mortality amongst @entity1 in Navarra continues to be somewhat lower than the average in the European Union and the United States. @entity3 remains at very low rates with respect to many European countries, including Spain. In both sexes there has been an increase in @entity14 and @entity320 , while the incidence and mortality of @entity5 continues to fall.

title: [Incidence and mortality of XXXX in Navarra, 1993-1997. Tendencies in the last 25 years].

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'stomach cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'mortality of cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Locoregional recurrences are reported in 493 consecutive with T1 T2 N0 N1 @entity0 @entity1 who were treated with radical external beam irradiation and interstitial 192 Ir. implant between 1961 and 1979. Follow-up ranges from 5-23 years (mean 10 years) with 195 @entity1 having 10-23 years follow up (mean 12 years). Tumorectomy was performed in 130/158 (88%) @entity8034 (22%) T2 @entity1 . There were 51 (10%) locoregional recurrences with 34 mammary, 14 combined mammary/axillary and 3 isolated axillary recurrences. The 10 year relapse rate was 20/195 (10%). The risk, timing and site of relapse varied according to TNM stage and tumorectomy. The risk was higher for T2 (42/335, 12.5%) than T1 (9/158, 5.5%) due to a larger number of recurrences occurring in the first 5 years (T2 32/335, 9.5% vs T1 4/158, 2.5%). Between 5-10 years, risk of relapse equalized to around 3% for both groups and only 1 relapse was seen after 10 years. Of the 48 mammary recurrences, 25 (52%) occurred in the implant volume, 7 (14%) occurred on the margin of the implant, 12 (25%) occurred at sites remote from the primary and in 4 (9%), the exact site could not be defined. 14/48 mammary recurrences were accompanied by axillary relapse, there were 3 isolated axillary recurrences and supraclavicular @entity3 accompanied axillary relapse in 3 cases. The overall risk, of axillary relapse was 3% (17/493) and there was significant correlation with @entity5 . Salvage surgery generally mastectomy and axillary dissection, was possible in 45/51 (90%) recurrences. 23/45 (50%) survive NED 0.2-9 years (mean 3 years) after salvage. 8/23 (35%) followed longer than 5 years after salvage survive NED. Our results have been compared with other series in the literature and changes in our current protocol are described.

title: Locoregional recurrences following radical external beam irradiation and interstitial implantation for operable XXXX --a twenty three year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['initial N stage']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity734 often suffer from rapidly progressive extensive @entity1547 . The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of illicit drugs on buccal and dental health and the use of illicit drugs for toothache. METHODS: Two groups of intravenous and non-intravenous @entity734 were compared with two control groups of age matched non-addicted subjects. During a routine dental examination, medical and addictive history, periodontal and dental health and dental complaints were recorded. RESULTS: This study showed that intravenous @entity4521 was responsible for rapidly progressive @entity1547 , even in four @entity734 with satisfactory dental hygiene. Intravenous @entity4521 users (14 @entity1 , 38 @entity1 , mean age 35) had a mean number of 10 missing and 10 @entity1547 , 6 of them to be extracted, and needed two dentures with 8 teeth each. Their masticatory function (45%) and smile did not permit normal alimentation or social life. Non-intravenous drug users (9 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 , mean age 26) had a mean number of one missing tooth and 4 @entity1547 to be treated. When compared to control groups, drug users of both categories exhibited more @entity1547 , reduced masticatory function and a lower periodontal health correlated with inadequate dental hygiene. Finally, 52% of @entity4521 users and 21% of other illicit drug users admitted the use of illicit drugs as analgesics for toothache. CONCLUSION: The management of toothache should be proposed in the cessation protocols and dentures provided to intravenous @entity734 , before any attempt at social reinsertion.

title: [The buccal-dental health of XXXX treated in the University hospital centre in Nice].

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['decayed teeth', 'dental decay']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Drug-addicts', 'drug-addicts']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug addicts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1884 is a @entity74 that leads to multiregional @entity2817 . Severe @entity1415 is the most common presentation, frequently leading to severe @entity417 . Several therapeutic approaches have been investigated, but they are mostly palliative and have had variable results. We aimed to assess the efficacy of @entity2816 for the reduction of @entity1415 in @entity1 with @entity1884 that is refractory to standard therapy. METHODS: We recruited @entity1 aged 17 years or older with @entity1884 who had severe @entity1415 refractory to minimally invasive surgical procedures into an open-label, phase 2, non-randomised, single-centre study at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation (Pavia, Italy). We gave @entity1 @entity2816 at a starting dose of 50 mg/day orally. If they had no response, we increased the @entity2816 dose by 50 mg/day increments every 4 weeks, until a response was seen, up to a maximum dose of 200 mg/day. After @entity1 had achieved a response, they continued treatment for 8-16 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of @entity2816 measured as the percentage of @entity1 who had reductions of at least one grade in the frequency, intensity, or duration of @entity1415 . We followed up @entity1 each month to assess @entity1415 severity score and transfusion need, and any adverse events were reported. We included all @entity1 who received any study drug and who participated in at least one post-baseline assessment in the primary efficacy population. The safety population consisted of all @entity1 who received any dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01485224. FINDINGS: Between @entity34536 , 2011, and May 12, 2014, we enrolled 31 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 15  9 months (IQR 10  1-22  3). Three (10%, 95% CI 2-26) @entity1 had a complete response, with @entity548 stopped, 28 (90%, 95% CI 74-98) @entity1 had partial responses. Overall, all 31 (100%, 89-100) @entity1 responded to therapy with a significant decrease in all @entity1415 parameters (p<0  0001 for frequency, intensity, and duration). A response was achieved by 25 (81%) @entity1 at 50 mg/day of @entity2816 , five (16%) @entity1 at 100 mg/day, and one (3%) @entity1 at 150 mg/day. @entity1 had only non-serious, grade 1 adverse effects, the most common of which were @entity1142 (21 @entity1 ), drowsiness (six @entity1 ), and peripheral @entity4 (eight @entity1 ). One @entity1 died a month after the end of treatment, but this was not deemed to be related to treatment. INTERPRETATION: Low-dose @entity2816 seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of @entity1415 in @entity1 with @entity1884 . Our findings should be validated by further studies with larger @entity1 populations, longer follow-up, and that also assess the benefit for quality of life. FUNDING: Telethon Foundation.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX for the treatment of severe @entity1415 in @entity1884 : results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis', 'recurrent epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1884 is a @entity74 that leads to multiregional @entity2817 . Severe @entity1415 is the most common presentation, frequently leading to severe @entity417 . Several therapeutic approaches have been investigated, but they are mostly palliative and have had variable results. We aimed to assess the efficacy of @entity2816 for the reduction of @entity1415 in @entity1 with @entity1884 that is refractory to standard therapy. METHODS: We recruited @entity1 aged 17 years or older with @entity1884 who had severe @entity1415 refractory to minimally invasive surgical procedures into an open-label, phase 2, non-randomised, single-centre study at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation (Pavia, Italy). We gave @entity1 @entity2816 at a starting dose of 50 mg/day orally. If they had no response, we increased the @entity2816 dose by 50 mg/day increments every 4 weeks, until a response was seen, up to a maximum dose of 200 mg/day. After @entity1 had achieved a response, they continued treatment for 8-16 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of @entity2816 measured as the percentage of @entity1 who had reductions of at least one grade in the frequency, intensity, or duration of @entity1415 . We followed up @entity1 each month to assess @entity1415 severity score and transfusion need, and any adverse events were reported. We included all @entity1 who received any study drug and who participated in at least one post-baseline assessment in the primary efficacy population. The safety population consisted of all @entity1 who received any dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01485224. FINDINGS: Between @entity34536 , 2011, and May 12, 2014, we enrolled 31 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 15  9 months (IQR 10  1-22  3). Three (10%, 95% CI 2-26) @entity1 had a complete response, with @entity548 stopped, 28 (90%, 95% CI 74-98) @entity1 had partial responses. Overall, all 31 (100%, 89-100) @entity1 responded to therapy with a significant decrease in all @entity1415 parameters (p<0  0001 for frequency, intensity, and duration). A response was achieved by 25 (81%) @entity1 at 50 mg/day of @entity2816 , five (16%) @entity1 at 100 mg/day, and one (3%) @entity1 at 150 mg/day. @entity1 had only non-serious, grade 1 adverse effects, the most common of which were @entity1142 (21 @entity1 ), drowsiness (six @entity1 ), and peripheral @entity4 (eight @entity1 ). One @entity1 died a month after the end of treatment, but this was not deemed to be related to treatment. INTERPRETATION: Low-dose @entity2816 seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of @entity1415 in @entity1 with @entity1884 . Our findings should be validated by further studies with larger @entity1 populations, longer follow-up, and that also assess the benefit for quality of life. FUNDING: Telethon Foundation.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2816 for the treatment of severe @entity1415 in XXXX : results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study.

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1884 is a @entity74 that leads to multiregional @entity2817 . Severe @entity1415 is the most common presentation, frequently leading to severe @entity417 . Several therapeutic approaches have been investigated, but they are mostly palliative and have had variable results. We aimed to assess the efficacy of @entity2816 for the reduction of @entity1415 in @entity1 with @entity1884 that is refractory to standard therapy. METHODS: We recruited @entity1 aged 17 years or older with @entity1884 who had severe @entity1415 refractory to minimally invasive surgical procedures into an open-label, phase 2, non-randomised, single-centre study at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation (Pavia, Italy). We gave @entity1 @entity2816 at a starting dose of 50 mg/day orally. If they had no response, we increased the @entity2816 dose by 50 mg/day increments every 4 weeks, until a response was seen, up to a maximum dose of 200 mg/day. After @entity1 had achieved a response, they continued treatment for 8-16 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of @entity2816 measured as the percentage of @entity1 who had reductions of at least one grade in the frequency, intensity, or duration of @entity1415 . We followed up @entity1 each month to assess @entity1415 severity score and transfusion need, and any adverse events were reported. We included all @entity1 who received any study drug and who participated in at least one post-baseline assessment in the primary efficacy population. The safety population consisted of all @entity1 who received any dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01485224. FINDINGS: Between @entity34536 , 2011, and May 12, 2014, we enrolled 31 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 15  9 months (IQR 10  1-22  3). Three (10%, 95% CI 2-26) @entity1 had a complete response, with @entity548 stopped, 28 (90%, 95% CI 74-98) @entity1 had partial responses. Overall, all 31 (100%, 89-100) @entity1 responded to therapy with a significant decrease in all @entity1415 parameters (p<0  0001 for frequency, intensity, and duration). A response was achieved by 25 (81%) @entity1 at 50 mg/day of @entity2816 , five (16%) @entity1 at 100 mg/day, and one (3%) @entity1 at 150 mg/day. @entity1 had only non-serious, grade 1 adverse effects, the most common of which were @entity1142 (21 @entity1 ), drowsiness (six @entity1 ), and peripheral @entity4 (eight @entity1 ). One @entity1 died a month after the end of treatment, but this was not deemed to be related to treatment. INTERPRETATION: Low-dose @entity2816 seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of @entity1415 in @entity1 with @entity1884 . Our findings should be validated by further studies with larger @entity1 populations, longer follow-up, and that also assess the benefit for quality of life. FUNDING: Telethon Foundation.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2816 for the treatment of severe XXXX in @entity1884 : results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study.

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['recurrent epistaxis']


abstract: As an innate defense mechanism, macrophages produce reactive @entity26 species that weaken pathogens and serve as secondary messengers involved in immune function. The Gram-negative bacterium @entity5092 utilizes its antioxidant armature to limit the host immune response, but the mechanism behind this suppression is not defined. Here we establish that @entity5092 limits @entity141 entry in macrophages, thereby limiting actin reorganization and IL-6 production in a redox-dependent fashion. Wild type (live vaccine strain) or catalase-deficient @entity5092 (  katG) show distinct profiles in their @entity5568 scavenging rates, 1 and 0.015 pm/s, respectively. @entity19 alveolar macrophages infected with   katG display abnormally high basal intracellular @entity141 concentration that did not increase further in response to @entity5568 . Additionally,   katG-infected macrophages displayed limited @entity141 influx in response to @entity1360 , as a result of ionophore @entity5568 sensitivity. Exogenously added @entity5568 or @entity5568 generated by   katG likely oxidizes @entity1360 and alters its ability to transport @entity141 . Basal increases in cytosolic @entity141 and insensitivity to @entity5568 -mediated @entity141 entry in   katG-infected cells are reversed by the @entity141 channel inhibitors @entity29621 and @entity21808 . @entity29621 but not @entity21808 abrogated   katG-dependent increases in macrophage actin remodeling and IL-6 secretion, suggesting a role for @entity5568 -mediated @entity141 entry through the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in macrophages. Indeed, increases in basal @entity141 , actin polymerization, and IL-6 production are reversed in TRPM2-null macrophages infected with   katG. Together, our findings provide compelling evidence that @entity5092 catalase restricts reactive @entity26 species to temper macrophage TRPM2-mediated @entity141 signaling and limit host immune function.

title: XXXX Catalase Restricts Immune Function by Impairing TRPM2 Channel Activity.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity29621 :: ('MESH:C538758', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate', '2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate']

answer: @entity5092 :: (263,Species) :: ['Francisella tularensis']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity208 -induced @entity99 . He did not show any sign of @entity99 , but his serum total @entity648 level was >40  mg/dL when he visited the local hospital. The therapeutic effects of initial medical treatments were transient, and both renal function and coagulation ability were gradually deteriorated. Four months after the onset of @entity99 , he was referred to our hospital for the purpose of liver transplantation (LT). Although he was wasting and severely @entity1087 , his consciousness level was not disturbed at all, with normal serum @entity3265 blood concentration before LT. Owing to @entity208 -induced severe @entity1578 , living-donor LT (LDLT) was performed with the use of a right lobe graft from his younger brother. The explanted liver was extremely enlarged, with a weight of 2,480 g, and severely cholestatic. Microscopic findings were also compatible with drug-induced @entity99 . He was discharged from hospital 55 days after LDLT, whereas his @entity8 remained at 6 months after LT. There are 3 types of pathophysiology of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed @entity99 . Although @entity208 hepatotoxicity is rare, it can be severe and even fatal. This is the 1st case report of successful LDLT for a @entity1 who had developed @entity208 -induced @entity1578 .

title: Successful Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for Cholestatic @entity1578 Induced by XXXX : Case Report.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'hepatic injury', 'cholestatic liver injury', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['Allopurinol']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity208 -induced @entity99 . He did not show any sign of @entity99 , but his serum total @entity648 level was >40  mg/dL when he visited the local hospital. The therapeutic effects of initial medical treatments were transient, and both renal function and coagulation ability were gradually deteriorated. Four months after the onset of @entity99 , he was referred to our hospital for the purpose of liver transplantation (LT). Although he was wasting and severely @entity1087 , his consciousness level was not disturbed at all, with normal serum @entity3265 blood concentration before LT. Owing to @entity208 -induced severe @entity1578 , living-donor LT (LDLT) was performed with the use of a right lobe graft from his younger brother. The explanted liver was extremely enlarged, with a weight of 2,480 g, and severely cholestatic. Microscopic findings were also compatible with drug-induced @entity99 . He was discharged from hospital 55 days after LDLT, whereas his @entity8 remained at 6 months after LT. There are 3 types of pathophysiology of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed @entity99 . Although @entity208 hepatotoxicity is rare, it can be severe and even fatal. This is the 1st case report of successful LDLT for a @entity1 who had developed @entity208 -induced @entity1578 .

title: Successful Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for Cholestatic XXXX Induced by @entity208 : Case Report.

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['Liver Failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic variants of endosomal toll like receptors (TLR) have been associated with many infectious, @entity792 , but few studies have been reported in the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to describe the allelic and genotypic distributions of some common @entity4334 substitutions of endosomal TLRs in healthy Spanish @entity1 and to compare them with those already published in other population groups. Nine substitutions were analysed in 150 DNA samples from 150 Spanish, non-related healthy females: @entity6800 @entity64795 and @entity64796 ; @entity6438 @entity72871 and @entity72872 ; @entity22879 @entity66363 and @entity6801 @entity15933 , @entity15935 , @entity72873 and @entity64800 . Genotyping was carried out by real time PCR and melting curve analysis in a LightCycler 480. A systematic review was performed in order to compare the genotypic distributions in our cohort with those previously published in other population groups. The comparative study was performed with the two tailed Fisher's test or the Yates continuity correction for the Chi-square test when appropriate. No homozygotes for @entity72872 in @entity6438 were found, and @entity72873 and @entity64800 of @entity6801 were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Genotype distributions in endosomal TLR are similar to other Spanish series previously reported. As expected, most differences were found when comparing our distributions with Asiatics, but differences were also found with other Caucasian populations. Since there are significant variations in genotypic distributions of TLRs in both interracial groups and within the same ethnic group, to carry out studies of disease susceptibility in more restricted groups is mandatory.

title: Genotypic distribution of common variants of endosomal toll like receptors in healthy Spanish XXXX . A comparative study with other populations.

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune and inflammatory diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resuscitative @entity432 of the aorta (REBOA) is less invasive than emergency department thoracotomy for the treatment of @entity548 . We evaluated the effects of REBOA on carotid blood flow (Qcarotid) in a porcine model of @entity548 . We hypothesized that REBOA restores Qcarotid faster than reinfusion of blood. METHODS: Spontaneously breathing sedated Sinclair @entity1707 underwent exponential @entity548 of 65% total blood volume in 1 hour. They were randomized into three groups. Positive control (PC, n = 7) underwent immediate transfusion of shed blood. REBOA (n = 21) received a novel 7 Fr ER-REBOA catheter (Pryor Medical, Arvada, CO) placed into aortic Zone 1 via a femoral artery introducer for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, with transfusion either after deflation or midway through inflation. Negative control (n = 7) received no resuscitation. Qcarotid was recorded continuously using an ultrasonic flow probe. Survival and time between Qcarotid, min and both a stable maximal value (Qcarotid, max) and restoration of baseline flow (Qcarotid, new @entity2109 ) were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Median time to Qcarotid, max was 3.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 9.6 minutes in the control group (p = 0.006). Median time to Qcarotid, new @entity2109 was 6.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 20.5 minutes in the PC group (p = 0.11). Slope of the linear regression between Qcarotid, min and Qcarotid, new @entity2109 was 16.7 in REBOA and 10.4 in PC (p = 0.31). Four-hour survival was 95% (20 of 21) in the REBOA group versus 71% (5 of 7) in the PC group (p = 0.06) and 0% in the negative control group. CONCLUSION: REBOA resulted in the restoration of Qcarotid ("cerebrovascular resuscitation") at least as rapidly as retransfusion of shed blood, with equivalent 4-hour survival. Further studies of REBOA, to include mitigation of end-organ effects and longer follow-up, are needed.

title: Resuscitative XXXX of the aorta (REBOA): Comparison with immediate transfusion following @entity548 in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['endovascular balloon occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resuscitative @entity432 of the aorta (REBOA) is less invasive than emergency department thoracotomy for the treatment of @entity548 . We evaluated the effects of REBOA on carotid blood flow (Qcarotid) in a porcine model of @entity548 . We hypothesized that REBOA restores Qcarotid faster than reinfusion of blood. METHODS: Spontaneously breathing sedated Sinclair @entity1707 underwent exponential @entity548 of 65% total blood volume in 1 hour. They were randomized into three groups. Positive control (PC, n = 7) underwent immediate transfusion of shed blood. REBOA (n = 21) received a novel 7 Fr ER-REBOA catheter (Pryor Medical, Arvada, CO) placed into aortic Zone 1 via a femoral artery introducer for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, with transfusion either after deflation or midway through inflation. Negative control (n = 7) received no resuscitation. Qcarotid was recorded continuously using an ultrasonic flow probe. Survival and time between Qcarotid, min and both a stable maximal value (Qcarotid, max) and restoration of baseline flow (Qcarotid, new @entity2109 ) were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Median time to Qcarotid, max was 3.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 9.6 minutes in the control group (p = 0.006). Median time to Qcarotid, new @entity2109 was 6.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 20.5 minutes in the PC group (p = 0.11). Slope of the linear regression between Qcarotid, min and Qcarotid, new @entity2109 was 16.7 in REBOA and 10.4 in PC (p = 0.31). Four-hour survival was 95% (20 of 21) in the REBOA group versus 71% (5 of 7) in the PC group (p = 0.06) and 0% in the negative control group. CONCLUSION: REBOA resulted in the restoration of Qcarotid ("cerebrovascular resuscitation") at least as rapidly as retransfusion of shed blood, with equivalent 4-hour survival. Further studies of REBOA, to include mitigation of end-organ effects and longer follow-up, are needed.

title: Resuscitative @entity432 of the aorta (REBOA): Comparison with immediate transfusion following XXXX in @entity1707 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['massive hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resuscitative @entity432 of the aorta (REBOA) is less invasive than emergency department thoracotomy for the treatment of @entity548 . We evaluated the effects of REBOA on carotid blood flow (Qcarotid) in a porcine model of @entity548 . We hypothesized that REBOA restores Qcarotid faster than reinfusion of blood. METHODS: Spontaneously breathing sedated Sinclair @entity1707 underwent exponential @entity548 of 65% total blood volume in 1 hour. They were randomized into three groups. Positive control (PC, n = 7) underwent immediate transfusion of shed blood. REBOA (n = 21) received a novel 7 Fr ER-REBOA catheter (Pryor Medical, Arvada, CO) placed into aortic Zone 1 via a femoral artery introducer for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, with transfusion either after deflation or midway through inflation. Negative control (n = 7) received no resuscitation. Qcarotid was recorded continuously using an ultrasonic flow probe. Survival and time between Qcarotid, min and both a stable maximal value (Qcarotid, max) and restoration of baseline flow (Qcarotid, new @entity2109 ) were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Median time to Qcarotid, max was 3.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 9.6 minutes in the control group (p = 0.006). Median time to Qcarotid, new @entity2109 was 6.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 20.5 minutes in the PC group (p = 0.11). Slope of the linear regression between Qcarotid, min and Qcarotid, new @entity2109 was 16.7 in REBOA and 10.4 in PC (p = 0.31). Four-hour survival was 95% (20 of 21) in the REBOA group versus 71% (5 of 7) in the PC group (p = 0.06) and 0% in the negative control group. CONCLUSION: REBOA resulted in the restoration of Qcarotid ("cerebrovascular resuscitation") at least as rapidly as retransfusion of shed blood, with equivalent 4-hour survival. Further studies of REBOA, to include mitigation of end-organ effects and longer follow-up, are needed.

title: Resuscitative @entity432 of the aorta (REBOA): Comparison with immediate transfusion following @entity548 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2718 is one of the major nosocomial threats causing severe @entity344 . Compared to the well documented clinical symptoms, little is known about the processes in the bacterial cell like the regulation and activity of metabolic pathways. In this study, we present time-resolved and global data of extracellular substrates and products. In a second part, we focus on the correlation of fermentation products and substrate uptake with toxin production. RESULTS: Formation of different fermentation products during growth in a comparison between the two different media in a global approach was studied using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based analysis. During cultivation in a @entity72874 medium and minimal medium, the clinical isolate @entity17786  erm showed major differences in @entity3689 utilization: In @entity72874 medium, @entity2718 preferred @entity1521 , @entity368 and @entity462 as @entity505 and energy sources while @entity3264 and @entity376 were not or hardly used. In contrast, @entity1521 and @entity368 were consumed at a significantly later stage in minimal medium. Due to the more complex substrate mixture more fermentation products were detectable in the @entity72874 medium, accompanied by major changes in the ratios between oxidative and reductive Stickland products. Different @entity413 consumption dynamics were observed in presence of either @entity72874 or the minimal set of @entity3534 , accompanied by major changes in butanoate formation. This was associated with a variation in both the toxin yield and a change in the ratio of toxin A to toxin B. CONCLUSIONS: Since in all media compositions, more than one substrate was available as a suitable @entity505 source, availability of different @entity505 sources and their metabolic fate appears to be the key factor for toxin formation.

title: Time-resolved XXXX uptake of @entity17786  erm and concomitant fermentation product and toxin formation.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity72874 :: ('MESH:C017721', 'Chemical') :: ['casamino acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2718 is one of the major nosocomial threats causing severe @entity344 . Compared to the well documented clinical symptoms, little is known about the processes in the bacterial cell like the regulation and activity of metabolic pathways. In this study, we present time-resolved and global data of extracellular substrates and products. In a second part, we focus on the correlation of fermentation products and substrate uptake with toxin production. RESULTS: Formation of different fermentation products during growth in a comparison between the two different media in a global approach was studied using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based analysis. During cultivation in a @entity72874 medium and minimal medium, the clinical isolate @entity17786  erm showed major differences in @entity3689 utilization: In @entity72874 medium, @entity2718 preferred @entity1521 , @entity368 and @entity462 as @entity505 and energy sources while @entity3264 and @entity376 were not or hardly used. In contrast, @entity1521 and @entity368 were consumed at a significantly later stage in minimal medium. Due to the more complex substrate mixture more fermentation products were detectable in the @entity72874 medium, accompanied by major changes in the ratios between oxidative and reductive Stickland products. Different @entity413 consumption dynamics were observed in presence of either @entity72874 or the minimal set of @entity3534 , accompanied by major changes in butanoate formation. This was associated with a variation in both the toxin yield and a change in the ratio of toxin A to toxin B. CONCLUSIONS: Since in all media compositions, more than one substrate was available as a suitable @entity505 source, availability of different @entity505 sources and their metabolic fate appears to be the key factor for toxin formation.

title: Time-resolved @entity3689 uptake of XXXX  erm and concomitant fermentation product and toxin formation.

answer: @entity17786 :: (272563,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile 630']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Splenectomy after combined colosplenic @entity130 or iatrogenic @entity130 during colorectal surgery associates with worse short- and long-term outcomes, including reduced survival in @entity1 with @entity14 . Splenic autotransplantation may improve the outcomes of such @entity1 . Omental splenic transplantation is the standard procedure but may be difficult when performing laparoscopic colorectal surgery or when total or subtotal omentectomy is required. This animal model study was performed to evaluate the impact of splenic autotransplantation to the groin area on colonic wound healing. METHODS: Thirty @entity35 were divided into three groups of ten animals. One group underwent colon @entity254 and sham splenectomy, the second underwent colon @entity254 and splenectomy, and the third underwent colon @entity254 , splenectomy, and intramuscular autotransplantation of the spleen. On postoperative day 7, anastomotic healing was evaluated by measuring bursting pressure and @entity720 levels. The third group was subjected to scintigraphy before sacrifice to assess whether the transplant was functional. RESULTS: The mortality rates of the sham, splenectomized, and transplanted animals were 0 %, 30 %, and 20 %, respectively: the splenectomized animals had significantly lower mean bursting pressures than the other two groups (p   =   0.002). The mean @entity720 levels of the three groups were 467.4, 335.3, and 412.7 mg @entity720 /g protein, respectively (p   =   0.0856). Nine of the ten transplanted animals (90 %) had splenic activity on scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy impaired the healing of the colonic @entity254 . This effect was largely reversed by splenic autotransplantation. Intramuscular autotransplantation to the groin area appears to be feasible and effective.

title: A solution to the negative effects of splenectomy during colorectal XXXX and surgery: an experimental study on splenic autotransplantation to the groin area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The characteristics and kinetics of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) efflux were examined in homogeneous suspensions of freshly isolated @entity35 hepatocytes. @entity2197 efflux was measured as its linear accumulation in the suspension medium. Appearance of @entity2197 extracellularly was reflected in a quantitative loss in cellular @entity2197 . However, the total @entity2197 remained essentially unchanged, indicating minimal net synthesis of @entity2197 under these experimental conditions. @entity2197 efflux was sensitive to temperature, with a calculated Q10 value of 2.3. A wide range of cellular @entity2197 concentration ranging from near complete and moderate depletion to severalfold the control values was achieved by treatment of animals or cells with various @entity2197 depletors or inducers. At physiological (fed) and elevated ( @entity5954 - and @entity5303 -induced) cellular @entity2197 , the rate of @entity2197 efflux was near maximum. The rate fell dramatically to 50% maximum at a @entity2197 concentration equaling 35 nmol/10(6) cells. A 48-h fast resulted in a 40% loss of cellular @entity2197 , with a corresponding decrease in efflux rates. Addition of @entity2197 to the incubation medium had no effect on efflux rates. The relationship of @entity2197 efflux to cellular @entity2197 concentration was characterized by apparent sigmoidal saturation kinetics. The data were fitted well by the Hill model with the following kinetic parameters: Vmax = 0.25 nmol X 10(6) cells-1 X min-1, Km = 3.5 mM, and n = 3. These results correspond very closely to our previous findings in the perfused liver.

title: Kinetics of XXXX efflux from isolated @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']