abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity1 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity14585 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity1 cultured cell lines derived from @entity1778 and @entity706 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity1 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity784 , non-B @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity1357 , @entity4654 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity784 , non-B @entity981 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9653 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity1619 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity5 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of @entity1 recombinant alpha-interferon ( @entity14585 ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured XXXX and @entity706 cell lines to it.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity1 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity14585 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity1 cultured cell lines derived from @entity1778 and @entity706 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity1 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity784 , non-B @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity1357 , @entity4654 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity784 , non-B @entity981 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9653 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity1619 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity5 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of @entity1 recombinant alpha-interferon ( XXXX ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured @entity1778 and @entity706 cell lines to it.

answer: @entity14585 :: (MESH:C554043,Chemical) :: ['Ro22-8181']


abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity1 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity14585 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity1 cultured cell lines derived from @entity1778 and @entity706 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity1 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity784 , non-B @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity1357 , @entity4654 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity784 , non-B @entity981 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9653 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity1619 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity5 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of @entity1 recombinant alpha-interferon ( @entity14585 ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured @entity1778 and XXXX cell lines to it.

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity1 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity14585 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity1 cultured cell lines derived from @entity1778 and @entity706 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity1 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity784 , non-B @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity1357 , @entity4654 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity784 , non-B @entity981 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9653 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity1619 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity5 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of XXXX recombinant alpha-interferon ( @entity14585 ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured @entity1778 and @entity706 cell lines to it.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2401 is an inflammatory disease of @entity1562 , associated with nonischemic @entity39 and degeneration of myocytes. Although the clinical course is rapid, @entity2401 can lead to @entity384 with chambers dilatation and @entity67 . The pathophysiology of @entity2401 in @entity1 is not completely understood. There are several etiological agents implicated, mainly viral agents. The clinical presentation is extremely various, with nonspecific systemic symptoms until @entity944 . The great variability of symptoms makes the diagnosis, therefore, extremely difficult. We report the case of a 40-year-old @entity1 who developed, after childbirth, @entity221 associated with neck and left arm @entity158 ; initially treated with @entity1443 , without any benefit, the young @entity1 , after few days, died suddenly. The autopsy documented the presence of @entity382 . The microbiological tests performed 4 days after @entity204 were negative. The heart was normal in shape and volume; a section of the left ventricle wall showed subendocardial discromic areas histologically characterized by multifocal perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates. These infiltrates consisted mainly of neutrophils with eosinophil component associated with myocyte @entity39 and @entity548 interstitial infiltration.

title: Fulminant Peripartum XXXX associated with sudden cardiac death: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['edematous lungs and enlarged and congested liver']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'Myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1735 quality has been consistently related to the risk of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). However, limited information is available about the effect of @entity1735 quality on biomarkers related to @entity2175 . OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations of @entity1735 quality measures (CQMs) including @entity1735 intake; starch intake; glycemic index; glycemic load; total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes; and different combinations of these nutrients with plasma concentrations of @entity1254 , C-reactive protein (CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 2458 @entity6 -free @entity1 , ages 43-70 y, in the Nurses Health Study. CQMs were estimated from food-frequency questionnaires, and averages from 1984, 1986, and 1990 were used. Plasma biomarkers were collected in 1990. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between CQMs and biomarkers. RESULTS: After age, body mass index, lifestyle, and dietary variables were adjusted, 1) total fiber intake was positively associated with @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.004); 2) cereal fiber intake was positively associated with @entity1254 and inversely associated with CRP, and fruit fiber intake was negatively associated with HbA1c concentrations (all P-trend < 0.03); 3) starch intake was inversely associated with @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.02); 4) a higher glycemic index was associated with lower @entity1254 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); 5) a higher @entity1735 -to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.005); 6) a higher starch-to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity1254 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); and 7) a higher starch-to-cereal fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A greater fiber intake and a lower starch-to-fiber intake ratio are favorably associated with @entity1254 and HbA1c, but only cereal fiber intake was associated with CRP in @entity1 . Further research is warranted to understand the potential mechanism of these associations in early progression of @entity2175 .

title: High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 XXXX among @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1735 quality has been consistently related to the risk of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). However, limited information is available about the effect of @entity1735 quality on biomarkers related to @entity2175 . OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations of @entity1735 quality measures (CQMs) including @entity1735 intake; starch intake; glycemic index; glycemic load; total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes; and different combinations of these nutrients with plasma concentrations of @entity1254 , C-reactive protein (CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 2458 @entity6 -free @entity1 , ages 43-70 y, in the Nurses Health Study. CQMs were estimated from food-frequency questionnaires, and averages from 1984, 1986, and 1990 were used. Plasma biomarkers were collected in 1990. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between CQMs and biomarkers. RESULTS: After age, body mass index, lifestyle, and dietary variables were adjusted, 1) total fiber intake was positively associated with @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.004); 2) cereal fiber intake was positively associated with @entity1254 and inversely associated with CRP, and fruit fiber intake was negatively associated with HbA1c concentrations (all P-trend < 0.03); 3) starch intake was inversely associated with @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.02); 4) a higher glycemic index was associated with lower @entity1254 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); 5) a higher @entity1735 -to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.005); 6) a higher starch-to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity1254 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); and 7) a higher starch-to-cereal fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity1254 (P-trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A greater fiber intake and a lower starch-to-fiber intake ratio are favorably associated with @entity1254 and HbA1c, but only cereal fiber intake was associated with CRP in @entity1 . Further research is warranted to understand the potential mechanism of these associations in early progression of @entity2175 .

title: High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 @entity6 among XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to compare @entity65 and risk factor profiles of two 70-year-old cohorts of Finns examined in 1991 and 2011 and to describe prevalence of statin use according to cardiovascular risk in the later cohort. METHODS: 1920-born cohort of community-dwelling 70-year-old @entity1 (n = 1032) participated in comprehensive health surveys, physical and laboratory examinations in the Turku Elderly Study (TUVA) during 1991-92. In 2011, identical examination pattern was performed, in a 1940-born cohort of 70-year-old @entity1 (n = 956) from the same area. Prevalence of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and risk factors in the two cohorts was compared. Further, each cohort was divided into three cardiovascular risk groups (high, moderate and low) based on their estimated risk. Prevalence of statin use was calculated among each risk group in the 1940 cohort. RESULTS: @entity301 (25 versus 11%) and @entity3657 (9 versus 2%) were more common in the 1920 than 1940 cohort, respectively. Lipid profile was worse and blood pressure higher in the earlier cohort, whereas use of @entity6817 and antihypertensives was more common in the later cohort. Forty-two per cent of the 1920 cohort and 29% of the 1940 cohort were estimated to have high cardiovascular risk. In the 1940 cohort, a total of 36% used @entity6817 . Statin use was most common among high-risk @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: seventy-year olds examined in 2011 had less @entity65 morbidity than their counterparts 20 years earlier, and their cardiovascular risk factors were better controlled which is reflected in higher use of preventive medications, such as @entity6817 and antihypertensives.

title: Cardiovascular risk profile and use of XXXX at the age of 70 years: a comparison of two Finnish birth cohorts born 20 years apart.

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['statins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and physician attributes influence medical decisions as non-medical factors. The current study examines the influence of @entity1 age and gender and physicians' gender and years of clinical experience on medical decision making in @entity1 with undiagnosed @entity2175 . METHOD: A factorial experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of @entity1 and physician attributes. An identical physician @entity1 encounter with a @entity1 presenting with @entity6 symptoms was videotaped with varying @entity1 attributes. Professional actors played the " @entity1 ". A sample of 64 randomly chosen and stratified (gender and years of experience) primary care physicians was interviewed about the presented videos. RESULTS: Results show few significant differences in diagnostic decisions: Younger @entity1 were asked more frequently about psychosocial problems while with older @entity1 a @entity5 diagnosis was more often taken into consideration. Female physicians made an earlier second appointment date compared to male physicians. Physicians with more years of professional experience considered more often @entity6 as the diagnosis than physicians with less experience. CONCLUSION: Medical decision making in @entity1 with @entity2175 is only marginally influenced by @entity1 ' and physicians' characteristics under study.

title: [Medical decision making in symptoms of XXXX in general practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence, @entity2194 associations, microbiological profile, and clinical course of @entity86 after implantation of the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro-1). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all cases of the KPro-1 performed at a tertiary eye care center between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. RESULTS: Seventy-five KPro-1 procedures were included in the analysis. @entity86 occurred in 13 eyes (17.3%) with an incidence of 0.064 cases per eye-year. The Kaplan-Meier probability of an infection-free graft was 0.96, 0.90, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.86 at years 1 through 5, respectively. The rate of infections was greater in eyes with @entity2194 (26.3% vs. 8.1%, P = 0.06), especially in those with a history of @entity130 (P = 0.001). There were 8 cases (10.7%) of @entity1036 due to either fungi (5 cases) or bacteria (3 cases). There were 7 cases (9.3%) of @entity3225 due to bacteria (5 cases) or intraocular extension of @entity364 (2 cases). The incidence of @entity1036 and @entity3225 was 0.034 and 0.03 cases per eye-year, respectively. Therapeutic management of the @entity5517 required graft and device removal in 7 eyes (53.8%). After completion of microbiologic treatment, 7 eyes (53.8%) had lost more than 2 lines of the best-corrected preinfection visual acuity, including 5 eyes with @entity3225 that @entity227 or worse. CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 are a serious issue that compromises device retention and visual outcomes after keratoprosthesis implantation.

title: Microbial @entity1036 and XXXX After the Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['infected eyes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['had hand motion vision']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['microbial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'Postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical or thermal injury or herpes zoster keratopathy']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Endophthalmitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence, @entity2194 associations, microbiological profile, and clinical course of @entity86 after implantation of the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro-1). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all cases of the KPro-1 performed at a tertiary eye care center between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. RESULTS: Seventy-five KPro-1 procedures were included in the analysis. @entity86 occurred in 13 eyes (17.3%) with an incidence of 0.064 cases per eye-year. The Kaplan-Meier probability of an infection-free graft was 0.96, 0.90, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.86 at years 1 through 5, respectively. The rate of infections was greater in eyes with @entity2194 (26.3% vs. 8.1%, P = 0.06), especially in those with a history of @entity130 (P = 0.001). There were 8 cases (10.7%) of @entity1036 due to either fungi (5 cases) or bacteria (3 cases). There were 7 cases (9.3%) of @entity3225 due to bacteria (5 cases) or intraocular extension of @entity364 (2 cases). The incidence of @entity1036 and @entity3225 was 0.034 and 0.03 cases per eye-year, respectively. Therapeutic management of the @entity5517 required graft and device removal in 7 eyes (53.8%). After completion of microbiologic treatment, 7 eyes (53.8%) had lost more than 2 lines of the best-corrected preinfection visual acuity, including 5 eyes with @entity3225 that @entity227 or worse. CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 are a serious issue that compromises device retention and visual outcomes after keratoprosthesis implantation.

title: Microbial XXXX and @entity3225 After the Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis.

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Keratitis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to review the published literature to evaluate treatment success with zygomatic implants in @entity1 with @entity3202 . Studies from 1987 to 2010 were reviewed. In each study, the following were assessed: indications for treatment, number of @entity1 , number of implants, length and diameter of the implants, surgical technique, prosthetic rehabilitation, success rate, complications, and @entity1 satisfaction. Sixteen studies were included, with a total of 941 zygomatic implants placed in 486 @entity1 . The follow-up periods ranged from 12 to 120 months. Three different surgical techniques were used to place zygomatic implants: intrasinus implants with the classic sinus window technique, the sinus slot technique, and extrasinus zygomatic implants. The most common restoration used was fixed prosthesis, with either delayed loading after 3-6 months (89%-100% success) or immediate loading (96.37%-100% success). The weighted average success rate was 97.05%, and the most frequent complication was @entity1180 . The general level of @entity1 satisfaction was high. Zygomatic implants have a high success rate and constitute a suitable alternative to treat severe posterior maxillary @entity194 .

title: Rehabilitation of XXXX with zygomatic implants: review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic posterior maxilla']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic posterior maxilla']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: management of @entity158 in @entity3856 is still a challenge. Corticosteroids and @entity551 agents, as well as evisceration and enucleation, are some of the strategies employed so far that are not always effective and, depending on the strategy, cause a deep emotional shock to the @entity1 . Given these issues, the aim of this case report is to demonstrate a new and viable option for the management of such @entity158 by treating the @entity3856 with the stellate @entity616 technique, a procedure that has never been described in the literature for this purpose. CASE REPORT: six @entity1 with @entity3856 , all caused by @entity726 , were treated; in these @entity1 , VAS (visual analogue scale for @entity158 assessment, in which 0 is the absence of @entity158 and 10 is the worst @entity158 ever experienced) ranged from 7 to 10. We opted for weekly sessions of stellate @entity616 with 4mL of @entity1341 (0.5%) without vasoconstrictor and @entity1338 1mcg/kg. Four @entity1 had excellent results at VAS, ranging between 0 and 3, and two remained asymptomatic (VAS=0), without the need for additional medication. The other two used @entity2682 300mg every 12h. CONCLUSION: currently, there are several therapeutic options for the treatment of @entity3856 , among which stand out the retrobulbar blocks with @entity2644 , @entity285 and @entity3971 . However, an effective strategy with low rate of serious complications, which is non-mutilating and improves the quality of life of the @entity1 , is essential. Then, stellate @entity616 arises as a demonstrably viable and promising option to meet this demand.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with XXXX using stellate @entity616 .

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['painful blind eyes', 'painful blind eye']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion block']

answer: @entity3856 :: (MESH:D058447,Disease) :: ['painful blind eye']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: management of @entity158 in @entity3856 is still a challenge. Corticosteroids and @entity551 agents, as well as evisceration and enucleation, are some of the strategies employed so far that are not always effective and, depending on the strategy, cause a deep emotional shock to the @entity1 . Given these issues, the aim of this case report is to demonstrate a new and viable option for the management of such @entity158 by treating the @entity3856 with the stellate @entity616 technique, a procedure that has never been described in the literature for this purpose. CASE REPORT: six @entity1 with @entity3856 , all caused by @entity726 , were treated; in these @entity1 , VAS (visual analogue scale for @entity158 assessment, in which 0 is the absence of @entity158 and 10 is the worst @entity158 ever experienced) ranged from 7 to 10. We opted for weekly sessions of stellate @entity616 with 4mL of @entity1341 (0.5%) without vasoconstrictor and @entity1338 1mcg/kg. Four @entity1 had excellent results at VAS, ranging between 0 and 3, and two remained asymptomatic (VAS=0), without the need for additional medication. The other two used @entity2682 300mg every 12h. CONCLUSION: currently, there are several therapeutic options for the treatment of @entity3856 , among which stand out the retrobulbar blocks with @entity2644 , @entity285 and @entity3971 . However, an effective strategy with low rate of serious complications, which is non-mutilating and improves the quality of life of the @entity1 , is essential. Then, stellate @entity616 arises as a demonstrably viable and promising option to meet this demand.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity3856 using stellate XXXX .

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['ganglion block']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: management of @entity158 in @entity3856 is still a challenge. Corticosteroids and @entity551 agents, as well as evisceration and enucleation, are some of the strategies employed so far that are not always effective and, depending on the strategy, cause a deep emotional shock to the @entity1 . Given these issues, the aim of this case report is to demonstrate a new and viable option for the management of such @entity158 by treating the @entity3856 with the stellate @entity616 technique, a procedure that has never been described in the literature for this purpose. CASE REPORT: six @entity1 with @entity3856 , all caused by @entity726 , were treated; in these @entity1 , VAS (visual analogue scale for @entity158 assessment, in which 0 is the absence of @entity158 and 10 is the worst @entity158 ever experienced) ranged from 7 to 10. We opted for weekly sessions of stellate @entity616 with 4mL of @entity1341 (0.5%) without vasoconstrictor and @entity1338 1mcg/kg. Four @entity1 had excellent results at VAS, ranging between 0 and 3, and two remained asymptomatic (VAS=0), without the need for additional medication. The other two used @entity2682 300mg every 12h. CONCLUSION: currently, there are several therapeutic options for the treatment of @entity3856 , among which stand out the retrobulbar blocks with @entity2644 , @entity285 and @entity3971 . However, an effective strategy with low rate of serious complications, which is non-mutilating and improves the quality of life of the @entity1 , is essential. Then, stellate @entity616 arises as a demonstrably viable and promising option to meet this demand.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3856 using stellate @entity616 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mucoactive effects of hypertonic saline should promote exacerbation resolution in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of hypertonic saline inhalation during hospitalisation for exacerbation of @entity1577 on length of stay, lung function, symptoms, oxygenation, exercise tolerance, quality of life, bacterial load and time to next hospitalisation. METHODS: 132 adults with an exacerbation of @entity1577 were randomised to inhale three nebulised doses a day of either 4   @entity19102 % saline or a taste-masked control of 0.12% saline, throughout the hospital admission. The primary outcome measure was length of hospital stay. RESULTS: All @entity1 tolerated their allocated saline solution. There was no significant difference in length of stay, which was 12   days in the hypertonic saline group and 13   days in controls, with a @entity1867 ( @entity1867 ) of 1   day (95% CI 0 to 2). The likelihood of regaining pre-exacerbation FEV1 by discharge was significantly higher in the hypertonic saline group (75% vs 57%), and the number needed to treat was 6 (95% CI 3 to 65). On a 0-100 scale, the hypertonic saline group had significantly greater reduction in symptom severity than the control group at discharge in sleep ( @entity1867 =13, 95% CI 4 to 23), @entity384 ( @entity1867 =10, 95% CI 3 to 18) and dyspnoea ( @entity1867 =8, 95% CI 1 to 16). No significant difference in time to next hospitalisation for a pulmonary exacerbation was detected between groups (HR=0.86 (CI 0.57 to 1.30), p=0.13). Other outcomes did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of hypertonic saline to the management of a @entity1577 exacerbation did not reduce the length of hospital stay. @entity4372 saline speeds the resolution of exacerbation symptoms and allows @entity1 to leave hospital with greater symptom resolution. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12605000780651.

title: A randomised trial of hypertonic saline during hospitalisation for exacerbation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['mean between-group difference', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Sensitization to perennial aeroallergens correlates with the risk of persistent @entity565 ( @entity565 ) in @entity1 . In tropical Singapore, multiple codominant species of mites abound in the indoor environment, and preferential species-specific sensitization has been associated with different phenotypes of @entity56 . We investigated the pattern of mite component-specific IgE (mcsIgE) in @entity1 with different phenotypes of @entity56 in an environment with multiple mite species exposure. A prospective evaluation of newly diagnosed @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ), @entity483 ( @entity483 ), or @entity565 and sensitization to one or more aeroallergens were performed. Sera were tested for specific IgE against an extensive panel of @entity7130 and Blomia tropicalis allergens. A total of 253 @entity1 were included, mean age 7.3 yr, 79% fulfilled criteria for @entity2023 , 46% @entity565 , 71% @entity483 , and 31% for all three. Sensitization to one or both mites was observed in 91% of @entity1 , 89% were sensitized to @entity7130 , and 70% to B. tropicalis. The most common mite allergens recognized by these atopic @entity1 were Der p 1 (64%), Der p 2 (71%), Blo t 5 (45%), Blo t 7 (44%), and Blo t 21 (56%). Specific IgE responses to an increased number of distinct mite allergens correlated with the complexity of the @entity56 phenotype. In multivariate analysis, an increased risk for the multi-systemic phenotype ( @entity2023 + @entity565 + @entity483 ) was associated with sensitization to an increased repertoire of mite components (three or more) (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-8.8, p = 0.001) and a positive parental history of @entity565 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, p = 0.013). A highly pleiomorphic IgE response to the prevalent indoor mites is associated with the presence of a multi-systemic @entity56 phenotype in childhood in a tropical environment.

title: Mite component-specific IgE repertoire and phenotypes of XXXX in childhood: the tropical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus', 'D. pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['clinical allergic disease', 'allergic', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 hoping to preserve their fertility receive conservative treatment with high-dose @entity11796 ( @entity3443 ) for well-differentiated @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) or @entity1869 ( @entity1869 ) . Such treatment generally involves frequent intrauterine operations, including dilation and curettage (D_C) and endometrial biopsy (EMB), which could result in @entity7288 , endometrial thinning, or intrauterine adhesion. In turn, any of these outcomes could adversely affect implantation and pregnancy development. The current study thus aimed to identify factors that might affect pregnancy following conservative treatment by @entity3443 . METHODS: We compared a pregnancy group (45 @entity1 ) with a non-pregnancy group (53 @entity1 ) of @entity3443 -treated @entity1 to evaluate the factors affecting clinical pregnancy establishment. We undertook a multivariate logistic regression analysis based on factors shown by univariate analysis to be significantly different between the groups. Univariate analysis identified number of D_C, endometrial thickness, duration of @entity3443 administration, age of pregnancy permission (the age at which a @entity1 was first allowed to attempt pregnancy after disappearance of the lesion), period of disappearance of lesions, and recurrence as independent variables. RESULTS: The odds ratios (95  % confidence interval) of multivariate analysis for disease recurrence, @entity1478 , and age of pregnancy permission were 0.283 (0.102-0.785), 1.677 (1.251-2.248), and 0.889 (0.792-0.998), respectively. There was no significant difference in the other independent variables between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three factors considered to affect pregnancy establishment following conservative treatment with @entity3443 : recurrence, @entity1478 , and the age of the pregnancy permission. Introduction of infertility treatment including assisted reproductive technology (ART) soon after achieving @entity5 disappearance by @entity3443 would therefore be beneficial for @entity1 with disease recurrence, thin endometrium, or a higher age of pregnancy permission.

title: Factors affecting pregnancy outcomes in young @entity1 treated with fertility-preserving therapy for well-differentiated endometrial cancer or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial thickness during ovulation']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia', 'AEH']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma', 'EC']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 hoping to preserve their fertility receive conservative treatment with high-dose @entity11796 ( @entity3443 ) for well-differentiated @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) or @entity1869 ( @entity1869 ) . Such treatment generally involves frequent intrauterine operations, including dilation and curettage (D_C) and endometrial biopsy (EMB), which could result in @entity7288 , endometrial thinning, or intrauterine adhesion. In turn, any of these outcomes could adversely affect implantation and pregnancy development. The current study thus aimed to identify factors that might affect pregnancy following conservative treatment by @entity3443 . METHODS: We compared a pregnancy group (45 @entity1 ) with a non-pregnancy group (53 @entity1 ) of @entity3443 -treated @entity1 to evaluate the factors affecting clinical pregnancy establishment. We undertook a multivariate logistic regression analysis based on factors shown by univariate analysis to be significantly different between the groups. Univariate analysis identified number of D_C, endometrial thickness, duration of @entity3443 administration, age of pregnancy permission (the age at which a @entity1 was first allowed to attempt pregnancy after disappearance of the lesion), period of disappearance of lesions, and recurrence as independent variables. RESULTS: The odds ratios (95  % confidence interval) of multivariate analysis for disease recurrence, @entity1478 , and age of pregnancy permission were 0.283 (0.102-0.785), 1.677 (1.251-2.248), and 0.889 (0.792-0.998), respectively. There was no significant difference in the other independent variables between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three factors considered to affect pregnancy establishment following conservative treatment with @entity3443 : recurrence, @entity1478 , and the age of the pregnancy permission. Introduction of infertility treatment including assisted reproductive technology (ART) soon after achieving @entity5 disappearance by @entity3443 would therefore be beneficial for @entity1 with disease recurrence, thin endometrium, or a higher age of pregnancy permission.

title: Factors affecting pregnancy outcomes in young XXXX treated with fertility-preserving therapy for well-differentiated endometrial cancer or @entity1869 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1286 @entity1337 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity158 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity35 treated with @entity1286 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity3795 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity158 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity1337 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity158 behaviors is critical to translational @entity158 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity3795 -induced @entity1931 and @entity1286 -induced XXXX in @entity35 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1286 @entity1337 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity158 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity35 treated with @entity1286 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity3795 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity158 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity1337 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity158 behaviors is critical to translational @entity158 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity3795 -induced @entity1931 and @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 in XXXX : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1286 @entity1337 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity158 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity35 treated with @entity1286 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity3795 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity158 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity1337 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity158 behaviors is critical to translational @entity158 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of XXXX -induced @entity1931 and @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 in @entity35 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity3795 :: (31658,Species) :: ['CFA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1286 @entity1337 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity158 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity35 treated with @entity1286 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity3795 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity158 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity1337 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity158 behaviors is critical to translational @entity158 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity3795 -induced XXXX and @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 in @entity35 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1286 @entity1337 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity158 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity35 treated with @entity1286 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity3795 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity158 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity1337 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity158 behaviors is critical to translational @entity158 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity3795 -induced @entity1931 and XXXX -induced @entity1337 in @entity35 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: A @entity1560 , which is a common feature in insulin-resistant states, can lead to @entity409 . It has been hypothesized that a @entity1560 can also increase the rates of non-hepatic-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether the @entity1560 index (FLI), a surrogate marker and a validated algorithm derived from the serum @entity412 level, body mass index, waist circumference, and y-glutamyltransferase level, was associated with the prognosis in a population study. The 15-year all-cause, hepatic-related, @entity65 ( @entity65 ), and @entity5 mortality rates were obtained through the Regional Health Registry in 2011 for 2074 Caucasian middle-aged individuals in the Cremona study, a population study examining the prevalence of @entity6 in Italy. During the 15-year observation period, 495 @entity204 were registered: 34 were hepatic-related, 221 were @entity65 -related, 180 were @entity5 -related, and 60 were attributed to other causes. FLI was independently associated with the hepatic-related @entity204 (hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.05, P < 0.0001). Age, sex, FLI, cigarette smoking, and @entity6 were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Age, sex, FLI, systolic blood pressure, and fibrinogen were independently associated with @entity65 mortality; meanwhile, age, sex, FLI, and smoking were independently associated with @entity5 mortality. FLI correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (Spearman's    = 0.57, P < 0.0001), and when HOMA-IR was included in the multivariate analyses, FLI retained its association with hepatic-related mortality but not with all-cause, @entity65 , and @entity5 -related mortality. CONCLUSION: FLI is independently associated with hepatic-related mortality. It is also associated with all-cause, @entity65 , and @entity5 mortality rates, but these associations appear to be tightly interconnected with the risk conferred by the correlated insulin-resistant state.

title: XXXX index and mortality: the Cremona study in the 15th year of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['Fatty liver']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of sacral neuromodulation for treating refractory idiopathic lower urinary tract dysfunction is now well established. Nevertheless, results of this technique in neurological @entity1 are still controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the results of sacral neuromodulation in @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, a percutaneous nerve evaluation or a two-stage technique was performed in 62 @entity1 (mean age 50.5        14.8 years) with @entity1973 . Before and during the temporary stimulation, each @entity1 had a urodynamic evaluation and performed a bladder diary. The test was considered positive if the clinical and urodynamic improvement was over 50% and if the symptoms reappeared after turning the stimulation off. RESULTS: Lower urinary tract dysfunction was detrusor overactivity in 34 cases and chronic urinary retention in 28 cases. A detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 (DSD) was associated in nine cases. Out of the 62 @entity1 , 41 @entity1 (66.1%) had more than 50% improvement on urodynamic evaluation and bladder diary and 37 were implanted. With a mean follow-up of 4.3        3.7 years, results remained similar to the evaluation phase in 28 cases (75.7%), were partially altered in three cases (8.1%) and lost in six cases (16.2%). In these six cases, neuromodulation failed on average 12.0        12.4 months after implantation. CONCLUSION: Sacral neuromodulation seems to constitute a serious therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity1973 . However, its results depend on the type of the underlying @entity16 and in particular, whether it may progress or not.

title: Sacral neuromodulation for treating XXXX : clinical and urodynamic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Determination of future risk of exacerbations is a key issue in the management of @entity565 . We previously developed a method to calculate conditional probabilities (  ) of future decreases in lung function by using the daily fluctuations in peak expiratory flow (PEF). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to extend calculation of    values to individual @entity1 , validated by using electronically recorded data from 2 past clinical trials. METHODS: Twice-daily PEF data were analyzed from 78 @entity1 with severe (study A) and 61 @entity1 with poorly controlled (study B) @entity565 . For each @entity1 , the    value was calculated from 5000 PEF data points simulated based on the correlation and distribution properties of observed PEF. Given an initial PEF, the    value was defined as the probability of a decrease in PEF to less than 80% of predicted value on 2 consecutive days within a month. These probabilities were then compared with actual occurrences of such events and clinically defined exacerbations within the following month. RESULTS:    Values were related to actual occurrences of decreases in PEF (adjusted R(2) > 0.800 for both studies). Every increase of 10% in    value was associated with an odds ratio of having a future exacerbation of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.07-1.43) for study A  and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02-1.26) for study B, with better sensitivity and specificity than clinic-measured FEV(1). CONCLUSION: These results from 2 independent datasets with differing asthmatic populations and differing exacerbation criteria provide support that clinically relevant quantification of individual future risk of exacerbations is possible.

title: Predicting future risk of XXXX exacerbations using individual conditional probabilities.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This systematic review examines whether radioguided localization surgery (RGL) (radioguided occult lesion localization - ROLL and radioguided seed localization - RSL) for non-palpable @entity0 lesions produces lower positive margin rates than standard wire-guided localization surgery. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature review to identify clinical studies using either ROLL or RSL. Included studies examined invasive or in situ BC and reported pathologically assessed margin status or specimen volume/weight. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility and quality and abstracted relevant data on @entity1 and surgical outcomes. Quantitative data analyses were performed. RESULTS: Fifty-two clinical studies on ROLL (n = 46) and RSL (n = 6) were identified. Twenty-seven met our inclusion criteria: 12 studies compared RGL to WGL and 15 studies were single cohorts using RGL. Ten studies were included in the quantitative analyses. Data for margin status and re-operation rates from 4 @entity23 ( @entity23 ; n = 238) and 6 cohort studies were combined giving a combined odds ratio (OR) of 0.367 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.277 to 0.487 (p < 0.001) for margins status and OR 0.347, 95% CI: 0.250 to 0.481 (p < 0.001) for re-operation rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this systematic review of RGL versus WGL demonstrate that RGL technique produces lower positive margins rates and fewer re-operations. While this review is limited by the small size and quality of RCTs, the odds ratios suggest that RGL may be a superior technique to guide surgical resection of non-palpable @entity0 . These results should be confirmed by larger, multi-centered RCTs.

title: Systematic review of radioguided surgery for non-palpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information exists on the role of B-cell-dependent mechanisms in the progression of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, in failing @entity1 myocardium, there is evidence of deposition of activated complement components as well as anticardiac antibodies. We aimed to determine the contribution of B-cells in @entity712 progression using a nonsurgical @entity19 model of @entity296 (CMP). METHODS AND RESULTS: CMP protocol involved the use of @entity6462 and @entity4202 in the drinking water and @entity11502 infusion for 35 days. At day 35, @entity19 were analyzed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, gene expression, and histology. @entity19 (12 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups, all in C57BL/6 background: wild-type (WT) CMP; @entity466 ( @entity466 ) CMP (T- and B-cell deficient); @entity37996 (-) CMP (B-cell depleted); and Nude CMP ( @entity784 ), with their respective controls. We performed B-cell depletion and reconstitution protocols. The protective effect of B-cell depletion was demonstrated by a significant reduction of cell @entity1184 and collagen deposition and a preserved ejection fraction in the @entity37996 (-) CMP group compared to WT CMP. Once @entity466 @entity19 underwent B-cell reconstitution with isolated CMP B-cells, the CMP phenotype was restored. Furthermore, deposition of @entity5696 and apoptosis in the myocardium follows the development of CMP; in addition, in vitro studies demonstrated that activated B-cells stimulate collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of B-cells in this model of @entity712 resulted in less @entity1184 and collagen deposition, preservation of left ventricular function, and, in association with these changes, a reduction in expression of proinflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin G deposition, and apoptosis in the myocardium. Taken together, these data suggest that B-cells play a contributory role in an @entity11502 -induced @entity712 model.

title: Full Expression of XXXX Is Partly Dependent on B-Cells: A Pathway That Involves Cytokine Activation, Immunoglobulin Deposition, and Activation of Apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin-II']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell deficient']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ), long-term data tracking surgically induced effects of afterload reduction on reverse LV remodeling are not available. Echocardiographic data is available short term, but in limited fashion beyond one year. Cardiovascular MRI (CMR) offers the ability to serially track changes in LV metrics with small numbers due to its inherent high spatial resolution and low variability. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that changes in LV structure and function following aortic valve replacement (AVR) are detectable by CMR and once triggered by AVR, continue for an extended period. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 of which ten (67    12 years, 6 female) with severe, but compensated @entity472 underwent CMR pre-AVR, 6 months, 1 year and up to 4 years post-AVR. 3D LV mass index, volumetrics, LV geometry, and EF were measured. RESULTS: All @entity1 survived AVR and underwent CMR 4 serial CMR's. LVMI markedly decreased by 6 months (157    42 to 134    32 g/m2, p < 0.005) and continued trending downwards through 4 years (127    32 g/m2). Similarly, EF increased pre to post-AVR (55    22 to 65    11%,(p < 0.05)) and continued trending upwards, remaining stable through years 1-4 (66    11 vs. 65    9%). LVEDVI, initially high pre-AVR, decreased post-AVR (83    30 to 68    11 ml/m2, p < 0.05) trending even lower by year 4 (66    10 ml/m2). LV @entity64 volume increased rapidly from pre to post-AVR (40    11 to 44    7 ml, p < 0.05) continuing to increase non-significantly through 4 years (49    14 ml) with these LV metrics paralleling improvements in NYHA. However, LVmass/volume, a 3D measure of LV geometry, remained unchanged over 4 years. CONCLUSION: After initial beneficial effects imparted by AVR in severe @entity472 @entity1 , there are, as expected, marked improvements in LV reverse remodeling. Via CMR, surgically induced benefits to LV structure and function are durable and, unexpectedly express continued, albeit markedly incomplete improvement through 4 years post-AVR concordant with sustained improved clinical status. This supports down-regulation of both mRNA and MMP activity acutely with robust suppression long term.

title: LV reverse remodeling imparted by aortic valve replacement for severe XXXX ; is it durable? A cardiovascular MRI study sponsored by the American Heart Association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis', 'AS']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity1 with @entity1278 exhibit abnormal myocardial repolarization and are susceptible to @entity1164 . Exercise testing is useful in unmasking @entity1162 in disorders associated with abnormal repolarization. We characterized QT adaptation during exercise in @entity448 . METHODS AND RESULTS: -Sixty-one adolescent female @entity1 with @entity1278 and 45 age and sex matched healthy volunteers performed symptom-limited cycle ergometry during 12-lead ECG monitoring. Changes in the QT interval during exercise were measured, and QT/RR interval slopes were determined using mixed-effects regression modeling. @entity1 had significantly lower BMI than controls however resting heart rates, and QT/QTc intervals were similar at baseline. @entity1 had shorter exercise times (13.7  4.5 vs 20.6  4.5 min; p<0.001), and lower peak heart rates (159  20 vs 184  9 bpm; p<0.001). The mean QTc intervals were longer at peak exercise in @entity1 [442  29 vs 422  19 msec; p<0.001]. During sub-maximal exertion at comparable heart rates [114  6 vs 115  11 bpm; p=0.54], the QTc interval had prolonged significantly more in @entity1 than controls (37  28 vs 24  25 msec; p<0.016). The RR/ @entity1162 , best described by a curvilinear relationship, was more gradual in @entity1 compared to controls (13.4 [95%CI=12.8-13.9] vs 15.8 [95%CI=15.3-16.4] msec QT change per 10% change in RR interval; p<0.001), and steepest in @entity1 within the highest BMI tertile vs the lowest (13.9 [95%CI=12.9-14.9 vs 12.3 [95% CI=11.3-13.3]; p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: -Despite the absence of @entity1162 , adolescent anorexic females have impaired repolarization reserve compared to healthy controls. Further study may identify @entity73 as a risk factor for @entity943 in @entity1278 .

title: Characterization of Myocardial Repolarization Reserve in Adolescent Females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired QT dynamics']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['manifest QT prolongation', 'QT slope', 'QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia Nervosa']


abstract: @entity20372 ( @entity20372 ) of the breast is an uncommon @entity5 characterized by its dual differentiation into luminal cells and myoepithelial cells. In most cases these @entity5 have a benign clinical course, but distant @entity3 have been reported. We present the case of a 51-year-old @entity1 diagnosed with malignant @entity20372 . The @entity1 underwent a right modified radical mastectomy, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malignant @entity20372 . Ten months after the operation, multiple hepatic, pleural, and abdominal wall @entity3 were detected. A number of palliative chemotherapeutic agents were tried, including @entity5948 and @entity6023 . However, the disease continued to progress, and superior @entity4264 developed as a result of direct @entity5 invasion. The @entity1 received salvage eribulin monotherapy. After two cycles of this treatment, her clinical symptoms were ameliorated, and a computed tomography scan showed a partial response. @entity69287 chemotherapy was thus effective in treating malignant @entity20372 in this case.

title: XXXX of the Breast and Responsiveness to Eribulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity20372 :: ('MESH:D055331', 'Disease') :: ['AME', 'Adenomyoepithelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant Adenomyoepithelioma']


abstract: @entity1282 are frequent. The main concern is mortality due to aspiration-induced @entity55 and @entity3147 . In addition, quality of life is severely affected. The demographic trend indicates an increase of @entity1282 in the future. @entity179 , @entity5 of the digestive tract, and sequelae of @entity5 treatment in the head and neck region are the main pathologic entities. Predominantly ENT physicians and phoniatricians are asked for diagnostics and therapy, and will coordinate the interdisciplinary treatment according to the endoscopic findings. A differentiated approach in history, diagnostics, and symptom-oriented treatment is necessary for these mostly complex disorders. Integration of non-medical staff such as speech therapists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists in planning and executing an effective therapy expands and completes the @entity1 -oriented care. Conservative treatment by these therapists is an important pillar in the treatment. Parts of the specific diagnostics can be taken over in close cooperation. In particular, an interdisciplinary cooperation with the staff of intensive care medicine is essential. The diagnostic procedures of specific endoscopy as described in this position paper are part of the primary and fundamental tasks of ENT specialists and phoniatrists. Endoscopy is a medical service that is basically not delegable. Consequently, substitution of the physician is excluded.

title: Position paper of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and the German Society of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology - Current state of clinical and endoscopic diagnostics, evaluation, and therapy of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Swallowing disorders', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['swallowing disorders']


abstract: @entity1282 are frequent. The main concern is mortality due to aspiration-induced @entity55 and @entity3147 . In addition, quality of life is severely affected. The demographic trend indicates an increase of @entity1282 in the future. @entity179 , @entity5 of the digestive tract, and sequelae of @entity5 treatment in the head and neck region are the main pathologic entities. Predominantly ENT physicians and phoniatricians are asked for diagnostics and therapy, and will coordinate the interdisciplinary treatment according to the endoscopic findings. A differentiated approach in history, diagnostics, and symptom-oriented treatment is necessary for these mostly complex disorders. Integration of non-medical staff such as speech therapists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists in planning and executing an effective therapy expands and completes the @entity1 -oriented care. Conservative treatment by these therapists is an important pillar in the treatment. Parts of the specific diagnostics can be taken over in close cooperation. In particular, an interdisciplinary cooperation with the staff of intensive care medicine is essential. The diagnostic procedures of specific endoscopy as described in this position paper are part of the primary and fundamental tasks of ENT specialists and phoniatrists. Endoscopy is a medical service that is basically not delegable. Consequently, substitution of the physician is excluded.

title: Position paper of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and the German Society of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology - Current state of clinical and endoscopic diagnostics, evaluation, and therapy of @entity1282 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity170 is a global public health problem currently affecting more than 200 million @entity1 worldwide. Major research efforts are being made to improve the outcomes for @entity1 with @entity170 . However, the treatment of @entity174 associated with @entity170 remains unsatisfactory. Animal models continue to be an important tool for establishing strategies to treat @entity3604 , and various methods of inducing @entity170 have been used. Investigators must select a model that best reflects the clinical problem being studied, and the underlying pathophysiology of the @entity170 in the target @entity1 group. In particular a model for @entity14577 should mimic a fall in @entity2931 and rise in osteoclast activity observed with this condition, whereas a model for @entity170 should mimic the fall in osteoblast activity. Unfortunately, there is no single all-encompassing model that precisely imitates the underlying @entity170 or the @entity174 patterns seen in @entity1 . As such the choice of species and model must be individualised to the scientific question being addressed. This article summarises general considerations when choosing an @entity3604 model and outlines existing models of @entity170 . The most appropriate model in a range of @entity3604 research scenarios are subsequently considered.

title: Main differences in XXXX models: which should I use?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['Type I post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', "type II 'senile' osteoporosis", 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fracture']


abstract: The identification, isolation and characterization of a new @entity14940 positive-acting gene metR, which encodes a transcriptional activator of sulphur metabolism, is reported. metR mutants are tight auxotrophs requiring @entity1853 or @entity1255 for growth. Mutations in the metR gene are epistatic to mutations in the negative-acting sulphur regulatory scon genes. The metR coding sequence is interrupted by a single intron of 492 bp which is unusually long for fungi. @entity14940 METR is a member of bZIP family of DNA-binding proteins. The bZIP domains of METR and the @entity1980 CYS3 transcriptional activator of sulphur genes are highly similar. Although @entity1980 cys-3 gene does not substitute for the metR function, a chimeric metR gene with a cys-3 bZIP domain is able to transform the DeltametR mutant to @entity1853 prototrophy. This indicates that METR recognizes the same regulatory sequence as CYS3. The metR gene is not essential, as deletion mutants are viable and have similar phenotype as point mutants. In contrast to the @entity1980 cys-3, transcription of the metR gene was found to be regulated neither by METR protein nor by sulphur source. Transcription of metR gene is derepressed in the sconB2 mutant. Transcription of genes encoding @entity597 permease, @entity1255 synthase, @entity462 synthase, @entity855 -sulphurylase, and sulphur controller--sconB is strongly regulated by the metR gene product and depends on the character of the metR mutation and sulphur supplementation.

title: The XXXX metR gene encodes a bZIP protein which activates transcription of sulphur metabolism genes.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora', 'Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationships between recreational activity, house/yard work activity, work activity, and total physical activity and high levels of two peripheral blood markers of @entity32 : @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Three communities (Durham, NC; New Haven, CT; and East Boston, MA). @entity1 : Eight hundred seventy @entity1 aged 70 to 79 who were in the top third of community-dwelling older @entity1 with respect to physical and cognitive functioning. MEASUREMENTS: Blood levels of @entity650 and @entity1851 and self-reported recreational activity, house/yard work activity, work activity, and total physical activity. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for individuals with high levels of recreational activity to have values in the top tertiles of @entity650 and @entity1851 were 0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48-0.87) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.51-0.95), respectively. The AORs for those with a high level of house/yard work activity to have values in the top tertile of @entity650 and @entity1851 were 0.90 (95% CI = 0.67-1.20) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.50-0.96), respectively. High levels of house/yard work and recreational activity were independently associated with lower risk of high @entity1851 . CONCLUSION: The association between high levels of recreational activity and lower levels of the inflammatory markers @entity650 and @entity1851 suggests a mechanism for its protective effect and supports interventions that increase physical activity in older @entity1 . Such potential benefits of increased physical activity on inflammatory markers will need to be confirmed in clinical trials.

title: The associations between physical activity and inflammatory markers in high-functioning older XXXX : MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Quantitative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures provide a measure of disease severity in @entity1330 . The fungal clearance rate by quantitative cultures has become a primary endpoint for phase II clinical trials. This study determined the inter-assay accuracy of three different quantitative culture methodologies. Among 91 @entity1 with @entity693 in Kampala, Uganda, during August-November 2013, 305 CSF samples were prospectively collected from @entity1 at multiple time points during treatment. Samples were simultaneously cultured by three methods: (1) St. George's 100   mcl input volume of CSF with five 1:10 serial dilutions, (2) @entity791 Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) method using 1000, 100, 10   mcl input volumes, and two 1:100 dilutions with 100 and 10   mcl input volume per dilution on seven agar plates; and (3) 10   mcl calibrated loop of undiluted and 1:100 diluted CSF (loop). Quantitative culture values did not statistically differ between St. George-ACTG methods (P= .09) but did for St. George-10   mcl loop (P< .001). Repeated measures pairwise correlation between any of the methods was high (r>= 0.88). For detecting sterility, the ACTG-method had the highest negative predictive value of 97% (91%  St. George, 60% loop), but the ACTG-method had occasional (   10%) difficulties in quantification due to colony clumping. For CSF clearance rate, St. George-ACTG methods did not differ overall (mean -0.05      0.07 log10CFU/ml/day;P= .14) on a group level; however, individual-level clearance varied. The St. George and ACTG quantitative CSF culture methods produced comparable but not identical results. Quantitative cultures can inform treatment management strategies.

title: Reproducibility of CSF quantitative culture methods for estimating rate of clearance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis symptoms']

answer: @entity1330 :: (MESH:D016919,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity882 ( @entity882 ) (with or without @entity715 ) require alternative anticoagulation because of their extreme risk of new @entity1031 . The first effective agent for this purpose may be danaparoid, a less-sulfated low molecular weight heparinoid. Recently, direct thrombin inhibitors have been used. OBJECTIVE: Five @entity882 @entity1 , who developed new @entity1031 while receiving @entity10269 , were analyzed to consider possible reasons for treatment failure and to promulgate strategies that improve efficacy. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had acute @entity882 , one had recent @entity882 , and one with remote @entity882 was re-exposed to heparin during heart surgery. Danaparoid was started as intravenous bolus and infusion in one @entity1 , and as 1250 units subcutaneously twice daily in four @entity1 . The new complications that emerged on danaparoid were new venous thrombi in three @entity1 (one with @entity1151 ), lower extremity arterial @entity715 in one, @entity741 in one, @entity1031 @entity65 in one, and @entity39 in one (two @entity1 suffered more than one complication). Platelet counts did not improve or worsened in four, improved partially in the other, and parameters of disseminated @entity5642 failed to improve in one @entity1 . Four @entity1 responded relatively dramatically when direct thrombin inhibitors were substituted. Possible reasons for danaparoid failure include that: 1) no treatment is expected to completely prevent complications, 2) antithrombin III consumption can blunt efficacy in some @entity1 , 3) low or intermediate doses may be insufficient, and 4) there was clinically significant cross-reactivity of the pathogenic @entity882 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: It is emphasized that the possibility of clinically significant antibody cross-reactivity and that low or intermediate dosage may be inadequate when using danaparoid in therapy of @entity882 . The latter problem probably extrapolates to other anticoagulants used for @entity882 .

title: Danaparoid for XXXX : an analysis of treatment failures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'heparin-induced thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fatal bowel necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10269 :: ('MESH:C035838', 'Chemical') :: ['danaparoid']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['heparin-induced thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether @entity44013 ribozymes can intracellularly inhibit @entity3531 RNA. METHODS: The @entity1 expression vectors, @entity11620 -RzC1, @entity11620 -RzC2 and @entity11620 -RzC3, containing ribozymes cDNA of RzC1, RzC2, and RzC3, were constructed targeting different @entity3531 -5' NCR-C RNA regions. Then the @entity3531 -positive fetal hepatocytes were transfected with these plasmids using liposome-mediated method. The inhibitory effects of @entity44013 ribozymes were evaluated by @entity3531 RNA quantitation in cultured cells and the supernatants. RESULTS: (1) All the three @entity44013 ribozymes were inserted into the expression vector. (2) Fetal hepatocytes were infected with @entity3531 proven by RT-PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR and expressed @entity3531 NS3 and NS5 antigens by immunocytochemistry. (3) @entity44013 ribozymes inhibited the activity of the target @entity3531 RNA at expect positions in @entity3531 -positive hepatocytes. At 0.5 micromol/L, the inhibitory rate of @entity11620 -RzC1, @entity11620 -RzC2, and @entity11620 -RzC3 was 53.2%, 50.5 %, and 10.6% respectively. @entity11620 -RzC1 was used continuously for one week, showing the inhibitory rate of 60.7%, 64.2%, 68.4%, 71.9%, 78.8% and 83.1% on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th day. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory activity of @entity11620 -RzC1 (107-113nt) and @entity11620 -RzC2 (268-274nt) is greater than that of @entity11620 -RzC3 (345-351nt) in @entity3531 -positive hepatocytes.

title: [Construction of the expression vectors of @entity44013 ribozymes and their intracellular inhibiting activity against XXXX RNA].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity3531 :: (11096,Species) :: ['HCV']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether @entity44013 ribozymes can intracellularly inhibit @entity3531 RNA. METHODS: The @entity1 expression vectors, @entity11620 -RzC1, @entity11620 -RzC2 and @entity11620 -RzC3, containing ribozymes cDNA of RzC1, RzC2, and RzC3, were constructed targeting different @entity3531 -5' NCR-C RNA regions. Then the @entity3531 -positive fetal hepatocytes were transfected with these plasmids using liposome-mediated method. The inhibitory effects of @entity44013 ribozymes were evaluated by @entity3531 RNA quantitation in cultured cells and the supernatants. RESULTS: (1) All the three @entity44013 ribozymes were inserted into the expression vector. (2) Fetal hepatocytes were infected with @entity3531 proven by RT-PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR and expressed @entity3531 NS3 and NS5 antigens by immunocytochemistry. (3) @entity44013 ribozymes inhibited the activity of the target @entity3531 RNA at expect positions in @entity3531 -positive hepatocytes. At 0.5 micromol/L, the inhibitory rate of @entity11620 -RzC1, @entity11620 -RzC2, and @entity11620 -RzC3 was 53.2%, 50.5 %, and 10.6% respectively. @entity11620 -RzC1 was used continuously for one week, showing the inhibitory rate of 60.7%, 64.2%, 68.4%, 71.9%, 78.8% and 83.1% on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th day. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory activity of @entity11620 -RzC1 (107-113nt) and @entity11620 -RzC2 (268-274nt) is greater than that of @entity11620 -RzC3 (345-351nt) in @entity3531 -positive hepatocytes.

title: [Construction of the expression vectors of XXXX ribozymes and their intracellular inhibiting activity against @entity3531 RNA].

answer: @entity44013 :: (12475,Species) :: ['HDV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report results of endovascular therapy for @entity64 ( @entity64 ) in @entity1 who were not candidates for @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ) or in whom @entity5275 failed. METHODS: Prospectively collected data for @entity1 treated between January 2006 and June 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. After careful @entity1 and therapy selection, 213 @entity64 @entity1 with a mean NIHSS score of 14.2 at presentation underwent intervention. End points analyzed were Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) 2/3 reperfusion, @entity932 ( @entity932 ) rates, and 90-day outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] and mortality). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent predictors of end points. RESULTS: Of 189 @entity1 with anterior circulation occlusions, 135 were treated within 0-8 hours, 33 were treated after 8 or more hours, and 21 were treated after @entity64 ( @entity64 ). Among 24 @entity1 treated with posterior circulation occlusions, 4 had @entity64 . After treatment, 72.3% @entity1 had TIMI 2/3 reperfusion; @entity932 rate was 8.7%; at 90 days, 36.6% recovered to @entity5329 or less. @entity932 rate was higher in @entity1 with anterior circulation @entity64 who received treatment 8 or more hours after symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] = 3.8) and @entity1 with @entity64 (OR = 4.9). In @entity1 treated within 8 hours of onset of symptoms of anterior circulation @entity64 , @entity932 rate was only 6.7%. There was no difference in outcomes in @entity1 with @entity64 compared with @entity1 treated less than 8 hours after @entity64 onset. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first and largest prospective study to the authors' knowledge that shows endovascular therapy for @entity64 @entity1 in a real-world setting. High recanalization rates with low @entity932 rates were achieved using careful @entity1 and therapy selection.

title: Prospective XXXX outcomes after endovascular therapy: a real-world experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'wake-up stroke', 'acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'WUS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage', 'SICH']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['IVT', 'intravenous thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute ischemic stroke']


abstract: Two parturients with severe @entity358 had cardiopulmonary hemodynamics assessed by invasive techniques, and vaginal delivery was conducted under continuous epidural anesthesia. Both @entity1 demonstrated @entity519 (F1O2 = 0.21%) by arterial blood gas analysis. Supplemental @entity26 was administered throughout the last trimester of pregnancy. The @entity1 with chronic @entity3794 had @entity1353 at rest prior to pregnancy and delivered a viable, 1,400-gm @entity1 prematurely. She died suddenly three weeks postpartum. The second @entity1 , 41 years old, had a twin gestation. A pneumonectomy had been performed previously for @entity378 . The @entity1 demonstrated numerous bouts of acute pulmonary embarrassment and @entity55 , developed @entity6677 and @entity1353 late in gestation and spontaneously delivered two viable, 1,600-gm @entity1 prematurely. All did well. Swan-Ganz catheters were used to assess cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in both @entity1 . Epidural anesthesia was used successfully in both.

title: Assessment of severe XXXX in pregnancy with Swan-Ganz monitoring. A report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary disease']


abstract: Opioid receptors are expressed in a cell type-specific manner. Here we show that the @entity19 delta-opioid receptor ( @entity15320 ) gene is regulated by promoter region CpG methylation. The @entity15320 promoter containing a putative CpG island is highly methylated in Neuro2A cells, correlating with the repression of this gene in these cells. This is in contrast with the unmethylated state of the @entity15320 promoter in @entity19 cells, which express a high level of @entity15320 . Repression of @entity15320 transcription in Neuro2A cells could be partially relieved by chemically induced demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In addition, in vitro methylation of the luciferase reporter gene driven by the @entity15320 promoter resulted in an inhibition of transcription in @entity19 cells. Methyl-CpG-binding protein complex 1 (MeCP1) has been implicated in methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of several genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that fully methylated, but not unmethylated, @entity15320 promoter fragment formed a MeCP1-like protein complex that contained @entity61663 ( @entity61663 ) and @entity39985 . Furthermore, the expression level of @entity39985 was decreased when Neuro2A cells were demethylated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and increasing @entity39985 levels in Schneider's @entity238 line 2 cells led to the repression of @entity15320 promoter activity when the promoter was methylated. These results demonstrate that @entity39985 and @entity61663 are involved in the transcriptional repression of @entity15320 in Neuro2A cells through binding to the methylated CpG sites in the promoter region and may play a role in the cell type-specific expression of @entity15320 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of @entity19 delta-opioid receptor gene by CpG methylation: involvement of @entity39985 and a methyl-CpG-binding protein, XXXX , in transcriptional repression of @entity19 delta-opioid receptor gene in Neuro2A cells.

entities_list: @entity61663 :: ('17191(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MBD2', 'methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity61663 :: (17191(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MBD2']