abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with low left ventricular ejection fractions and low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 ( @entity472 ) represent a challenging cohort with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and clinical impact of @entity67 ( @entity67 ) on risk stratification and prognosis in these @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 65 @entity1 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 who underwent low-dose @entity452 stress echocardiography to determine @entity472 severity and to ascertain flow reserve status (>= 20% @entity64 volume increase). Clinical, demographic, and imaging data were prospectively collected. Per guidelines, @entity67 was defined as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion  <  16  mm in the apical four-chamber view and measured at baseline. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to risk-adjust comparisons for the end point of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 74      9  years, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 29      10%, the mean indexed aortic valve (AV) area was 0.49      0.1  cm(2)/m(2), and the mean AV gradient 22      7  mm  Hg. @entity67 was present in 37 @entity1 (57% of the study cohort). After a median follow-up period of 13  months (interquartile range, 5-30  months), there were 29 AV replacements and 30 deaths. The presence of @entity67 (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.21-6.75; P  =  .02) was an independent risk factor associated with all-cause mortality despite many adjustments for potential clinical and echocardiographic confounders such as AV replacement, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score, severity of @entity997 , and @entity1002 . CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity67 is prevalent in @entity1 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography. Quantification of right ventricular systolic function in these complex @entity1 provides important prognostic value and risk stratification adjunctive to Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score and should be incorporated into the decision-making process.

title: Right Ventricular Function and Prognosis in @entity1 with Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RVD', 'right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular global longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Aortic Stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with low left ventricular ejection fractions and low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 ( @entity472 ) represent a challenging cohort with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and clinical impact of @entity67 ( @entity67 ) on risk stratification and prognosis in these @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 65 @entity1 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 who underwent low-dose @entity452 stress echocardiography to determine @entity472 severity and to ascertain flow reserve status (>= 20% @entity64 volume increase). Clinical, demographic, and imaging data were prospectively collected. Per guidelines, @entity67 was defined as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion  <  16  mm in the apical four-chamber view and measured at baseline. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to risk-adjust comparisons for the end point of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 74      9  years, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 29      10%, the mean indexed aortic valve (AV) area was 0.49      0.1  cm(2)/m(2), and the mean AV gradient 22      7  mm  Hg. @entity67 was present in 37 @entity1 (57% of the study cohort). After a median follow-up period of 13  months (interquartile range, 5-30  months), there were 29 AV replacements and 30 deaths. The presence of @entity67 (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.21-6.75; P  =  .02) was an independent risk factor associated with all-cause mortality despite many adjustments for potential clinical and echocardiographic confounders such as AV replacement, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score, severity of @entity997 , and @entity1002 . CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity67 is prevalent in @entity1 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography. Quantification of right ventricular systolic function in these complex @entity1 provides important prognostic value and risk stratification adjunctive to Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score and should be incorporated into the decision-making process.

title: Right Ventricular Function and Prognosis in XXXX with Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe @entity472 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Objective It is unclear how well different outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) perform in predicting @entity5 survival. We assess the ability of RCT @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and surrogate endpoints - progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) - to predict @entity5 . Methods We identified 20 treatments and 31 indications for breast, @entity43 that had a phase III RCT reporting median @entity1349 and median PFS or @entity1054 . Median @entity1349 was determined using a Kaplan-Meier estimator applied to @entity1 in the Surveillance and Epidemiology End Results (SEER)-Medicare database (1991-2010). Performance of RCT @entity1349 and PFS/ @entity1054 in predicting @entity1349 was measured using t-tests, median absolute prediction error, and R(2) from linear regressions. Results Among 72,600 SEER-Medicare @entity1 similar to RCT @entity1 , median survival was 5.9 months for trial surrogates, 14.1 months for @entity1349 , and 13.4 months for @entity1349 . For this sample, regression models using clinical @entity1349 and trial surrogates as independent variables predicted @entity1349 significantly better than models using surrogates alone (P   =   0.026). Among all real-world @entity1 using sample treatments (N   =   309,182), however, adding @entity1349 did not improve predictive power over predictions based on surrogates alone (P   =   0.194). Results were qualitatively similar using median absolute prediction error and R(2) metrics. Conclusions Among the five @entity5 types investigated, @entity1349 and surrogates were each independently valuable in predicting @entity1349 outcomes for @entity1 similar to trial @entity1 . In broader real-world populations, however, @entity1349 added little incremental value over surrogates alone.

title: The value of surrogate endpoints for predicting real-world survival across five XXXX types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'real-world cancer', 'real-world OS across five cancers']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'real-world OS', 'trial OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The design of an appropriate microenvironment for stem cell differentiation constitutes a multitask mission and a critical step toward the clinical application of tissue substitutes. With the aim of producing a bioactive material for orthopedic applications, a transforming growth factor-b ( @entity2533 )/ @entity692 (HA) association within an alginate-based scaffold was investigated. The bioactive scaffold was carefully designed to offer specific biochemical cues for an efficient and selective cell differentiation toward the bony and chondral lineages. METHODS: Highly porous alginate scaffolds were fabricated from a mixture of @entity460 cross-linked alginates by means of a freeze-drying technique. In the chondral layer, the TGF in @entity1792 was mixed with an alginate/alginate- @entity597 solution. In the bony layer, HA granules were added as bioactive signal, to offer an osteoinductive surface to the cells. Optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed to assess the macro-micro architecture of the biphasic scaffold. Different mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the elastic modulus of the grafts. For the biological validation of the developed prototype, mesenchymal stem cells were loaded onto the samples; cellular adhesion, proliferation and in vivo biocompatibility were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results successfully demonstrated the efficacy of the designed osteochondral graft, which combined interesting functional properties and biomechanical performances, thus becoming a promising candidate for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications.

title: Bioactive XXXX /HA alginate-based scaffolds for osteochondral tissue repair: design, realization and multilevel characterization.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b1']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether chylomicron remnants accumulate in the plasma of @entity1 with "endogenous" @entity2298 . @entity15994 were used as markers of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants since they are carried mainly if not exclusively by lipoproteins of intestinal origin. Seventy-six fasting normotriglyceridemic and @entity6308 @entity1 were studied 12 to 15 hours after ingesting 25,000 IU of @entity904 . Plasma @entity904 and @entity15994 were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. @entity17326 was assessed by flotation at unit gravity and by chylomicron flocculation in 3% @entity4280 . Plasma lipids, @entity4878 , lipoprotein @entity165 , and the electrophoretic mobility of very-low density lipoproteins were determined in a subset of 36 subjects. Progressively elevated plasma @entity15994 concentrations were observed among @entity1 with mild, moderate, and severe @entity2298 . All subjects with fasting @entity17326 had @entity15994 retention. The majority of subjects with mild or moderate @entity2298 (predominantly type IV @entity5522 ) also had elevated plasma concentrations of @entity15994 . Total plasma @entity15994 and plasma @entity412 concentrations correlated significantly (rs = 0.721, P less than 0.001) in nonchylomicronemic subjects. In addition, total plasma @entity904 concentrations were mildly elevated among @entity6308 subjects because @entity904 , as well as @entity15994 , is transported by @entity412 -rich lipoproteins. If lipoprotein remnants are atherogenic in @entity1 , then chylomicron remnant retention may accelerate @entity731 in @entity6308 individuals.

title: Postchallenge plasma lipoprotein @entity4878 : chylomicron remnants in endogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity15994 :: ('CHEBI:16179', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl esters', 'Retinyl esters', 'retinyl ester']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity17326 :: ('MESH:D008072', 'Disease') :: ['chylomicronemia', 'Chylomicronemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2298 :: (MESH:D015228,Disease) :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether chylomicron remnants accumulate in the plasma of @entity1 with "endogenous" @entity2298 . @entity15994 were used as markers of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants since they are carried mainly if not exclusively by lipoproteins of intestinal origin. Seventy-six fasting normotriglyceridemic and @entity6308 @entity1 were studied 12 to 15 hours after ingesting 25,000 IU of @entity904 . Plasma @entity904 and @entity15994 were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. @entity17326 was assessed by flotation at unit gravity and by chylomicron flocculation in 3% @entity4280 . Plasma lipids, @entity4878 , lipoprotein @entity165 , and the electrophoretic mobility of very-low density lipoproteins were determined in a subset of 36 subjects. Progressively elevated plasma @entity15994 concentrations were observed among @entity1 with mild, moderate, and severe @entity2298 . All subjects with fasting @entity17326 had @entity15994 retention. The majority of subjects with mild or moderate @entity2298 (predominantly type IV @entity5522 ) also had elevated plasma concentrations of @entity15994 . Total plasma @entity15994 and plasma @entity412 concentrations correlated significantly (rs = 0.721, P less than 0.001) in nonchylomicronemic subjects. In addition, total plasma @entity904 concentrations were mildly elevated among @entity6308 subjects because @entity904 , as well as @entity15994 , is transported by @entity412 -rich lipoproteins. If lipoprotein remnants are atherogenic in @entity1 , then chylomicron remnant retention may accelerate @entity731 in @entity6308 individuals.

title: Postchallenge plasma lipoprotein XXXX : chylomicron remnants in endogenous @entity2298 .

answer: @entity4878 :: (MESH:D012176,Chemical) :: ['retinoids']


abstract: Of 770 hypofunctioning thyroid nodules subjected to needle biopsy since 1977, the fluid of 172 cysts (22%) was aspirated. The fluid, cytologically examined, showed no evidence of @entity189 except in three instances: @entity1377 that were subsequently treated surgically. Of the cystic lesions, 19 (11%) recurred and were treated by reaspiration and the instillation of @entity803 into the cyst cavity. In all but one instance this resulted in obliteration of the cysts (95%). This is a considerably higher rate of success than that reported from aspiration alone (40% to 85%). The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 42 months, with no recurrence or subsequent development of a thyroid nodule in these @entity1 . The one recurrent cyst was reaspirated and reinstilled a second time, which resulted in great reduction in size. Not considered for this procedure were @entity1 in whom the cytologic condition of the fluid was abnormal or indicative of a @entity5 . Also excluded were those in whom there was incomplete decompression of the cyst, manifested by a persistent nodule. No @entity1 had a history of @entity135 irradiation or cervical @entity3329 , both contraindications for this procedure. No @entity1 had grossly bloody aspirates. Recurrence of @entity8426 after aspiration was not thought to be, in itself, a criterion for surgical selection. The effective use of @entity803 as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of @entity3483 is well documented. Its action in producing symphysis is thought to be related to its low pH (2.0). This procedure is safe, simple, cost effective, and well tolerated by @entity1 . It obviates the need for excision in @entity1 who fulfill the aforementioned criteria.

title: Percutaneous tetracycline instillation for sclerosis of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head or neck']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cysts']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline hydrochloride']

answer: @entity8426 :: (MESH:D013966,Disease) :: ['thyroid cysts']


abstract: Skull base surgery has evolved to a point that its focus is now shifting to outcome analysis. To do so for @entity1653 is difficult. The rarity of the @entity5 , different treatment philosophies, and variations in reporting complicate the outcome analysis. With this limitation in mind, we analyzed the literature on this disease and report the combined outcomes in a unified fashion in hopes that it will serve as a starting point for further prospective analysis. Data was extracted from all available reports on MEDLINE/PubMed published in English. All studies were retrospective and uncontrolled. The majority of studies represent the experience of a single surgeon at a single institution. Of the 19 studies with detailed demographic and outcome data, no data met criteria for meta-analysis. A total of 1000 @entity1 were reported. The mean age of the @entity1 was 50 years. The male to female ratio is 1:3. GTR (gross total resection) was reported in 49% of @entity1 . Thirty-four percent of @entity1 experienced some @entity51 in the early postoperative period (<3 months). The most common morbidities reported were @entity129 (34.4% [range: 20 to 79%]) with @entity2123 accounting for 19%, followed by @entity51 (14%), @entity281 rates (1.6%), CSF leaks (5%), @entity548 (1.2%), and @entity1276 (1%). @entity204 within 1 year of surgery was reported for 1.4% of @entity1 . Once considered untreatable, @entity1653 can now be approached relatively safely. There, however, still remains an    34% morbidity with the most common being cranial nerve. Despite this, >75% of @entity1 return to independence at 1 year, many of which will resume employment. The nature of this study limits the conclusions that can be drawn; however, it provides some generalizations that may help guide @entity1 questions regarding treatment outcomes.

title: Surgery for XXXX : a comprehensive review of outcomes in the skull base surgery era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['petroclival meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['petroclival meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the current status of care provided by the @entity6 Center at Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 260 @entity1 were randomly selected from the @entity6 @entity1 attending the @entity6 Center. Study tools comprised @entity1 ' data sheets and @entity1 ' interview questionnaire. RESULTS: Two-thirds of the @entity1 were aged 50 years or more. Half of @entity1 had had the disease for less than 10 years. Diet therapy alone was followed by 2.3% of @entity6 @entity1 . More than half of @entity1 (56.5%) were on insulin. Most of the @entity6 @entity1 were tested for HbA1c at least once per year (88.1%), and 71.5% had their lipid profile done at least once within two years. Low indicators included having a dilated eye examination (35.4%), assessment for @entity8 (28.8%), and having a well-documented foot examination (12.7%). Highest risk HbA1c level (>9.5%) was reached by 38.8% of @entity1 , 48.8% had a low-density lipoprotein level of <130 mg/dl, and 36.5% of @entity1 had controlled blood pressure ( <=130/80 mmHg). Most @entity1 were satisfied with their interaction with the treating doctor, 41.5% were satisfied with access to treatment. @entity101 was found to be the most frequent comorbidity (38.5%). CONCLUSION: The quality of services as regard to process and outcome are low at the @entity6 Center. The overall @entity6 @entity1 ' satisfaction was high, whereas their satisfaction was low as regards to access to treatment or health professionals.

title: Quality of XXXX care at Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 of the prostate is an extremely rare and highly aggressive @entity5 that accounts for less than 0.1% of primary @entity1069 . Long-term survival rates for adult @entity1 with @entity263 are poor. Surgical treatment seems to be the most effective therapeutic approach. In contrast radiation therapy alone has shown limited efficacy. AIM: The purpose of the study is to present a case of @entity189 of the prostate treated with a combination of radiotherapy and TURP. CASE REPORT: A 76-year-old @entity1 treated with TURP due to acute urinary retention was finally diagnosed with @entity189 upon pathology examination of the surgical specimen. @entity1 was initially treated with external beam radiotherapy. Six months later, he presented with urinary retention suggesting extension of the @entity5 into the bladder neck. Pathology report diagnosed @entity263 containing also large areas of @entity39 . @entity1 underwent an extensive TURP and he received a second round radiotherapy. One year after the initial diagnosis of @entity189 , @entity1 is free of symptoms and follow up investigation shows no evidence of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy in combination with extensive TURP may delay disease progression.

title: XXXX as accidental finding in transurethral resection of prostate specimen. A case report and systematic review of current literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate malignancies']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'Sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate sarcomatoid carcinoma']


abstract: Acquired @entity2880 (AVWS) is a rare @entity3459 distinguished from @entity2880 by age at presentation and absence of personal and family history of @entity3459 . We report on 22 @entity1 with AVWS seen over 25 years. Mean age at diagnosis was 61.3 years (range 38-86 years); most @entity1 had a spontaneous or a post-operative @entity548 at presentation. @entity360 and @entity1415 were the most common spontaneous symptoms. Bleeding time was prolonged in most @entity1 , associated with marked reductions in plasma @entity2880 factor antigen and @entity8325 cofactor activity. Plasma @entity2881 multimer distribution was normal (type 1 pattern) in 5 @entity1 , indeterminate (no multimers detectable) in 6 @entity1 (type 3 pattern), and abnormal (decreased higher-molecular-weight multimers, type 2 pattern) in 11 @entity1 . None of 17 @entity1 tested had an inhibitor of @entity8325 cofactor activity. An underlying @entity1503 was found in 18 @entity1 , and 1 @entity1 had @entity30 . @entity7062 was effective in only half the @entity1 so treated, but all @entity1 responded to treatment with @entity2881 -containing concentrates. Resolution of AVWS occurred with therapy of @entity706 (1 @entity1 ) and @entity1072 (1 @entity1 ). Sixteen @entity1 were alive at last follow-up; no deaths were related to @entity548 . AVWS may be more prevalent than has been appreciated; we estimate up to 0.04%. Awareness of the existence of AVWS is essential for diagnosis and appropriate management. Therapy of associated diseases may improve the @entity3459 .

title: Acquired XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['Desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorder', 'bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['malignant or benign hematologic disease']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ["congenital von Willebrand's disease", "von Willebrand's disease or syndrome", 'von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2880 :: (MESH:D014842,Disease) :: ['von Willebrand's syndrome']


abstract: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 7 @entity1 treated with tibiotalocalcaneal Marchetti-Vicenzi nailing (one anterograde and six retrograde nails). All these @entity1 had developed @entity1516 after previous arthrodesis for posttraumatic @entity1171 . The results were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a median time of four years. Fusion occurred in three @entity1 , in one of them only after removal of the proximal locking screw. Of the remaining four @entity1 , one achieved consolidation after replacement of the Marchetti-Vicenzi nail by another intramedullary nail, two were lost to follow-up after replacement by external or internal fixation, and the last @entity1 developed @entity1516 again. At least nine additional interventions were necessary in six @entity1 , including one amputation for intractable @entity158 and severe soft-tissue damage due to the @entity130 . None of the @entity1 had excellent or good results. The majority was unsatisfied with this type of intramedullary nailing. Therefore our study was terminated prematurely. Revision ankle fusion for nonunion or malunion after external or internal fixation has a high complication rate. Further study is mandatory to prevent or resolve remaining problems.

title: Tibiocalcaneal Marchetti-Vicenzi nailing in revision arthrodesis for posttraumatic XXXX of the ankle.

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthrosis']


abstract: To detect general patterns and temporal trends of @entity2858 resistance, we apply @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) to in vitro fitness data. Twenty-eight thousand virus samples, obtained between 2002 and 2008, were assayed for fitness in 16 to 21 selective environments. Fitness measurements are based on replication capacity (RC), which quantifies in vitro viral replication in a single cycle of infection. RC is determined both in the absence of drugs and in the presence of 6-7 @entity2353 analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 3-4 non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 6-9 protease inhibitors (PIs). @entity2483 shows remarkable structure in RC across the different environments, which reveals differences in the patterns of resistance and cross-resistance between drugs or between drug classes. To probe the causes of the observed patterns, we develop a model to generate simulated data and subject these simulated data to an equivalent analysis. By comparing the outcomes of @entity2483 on the original and the simulated data, we quantify which part of the total variance of the original data is due to non-specific effects, class-specific effects, and drug-specific effects of resistance mutations. We find that relative fitness is mainly drug-independent and that drug-specific effects are substantially bigger than class-specific effects for NRTIs, but not for NNRTIs or PIs. The observed patterns remain remarkably stable over the period of observation. Comparison with known potent combination therapies suggests that @entity2483 helps to identify combinations that act synergistically in preventing the emergence of resistance.

title: Principal component analysis of general patterns of XXXX replicative fitness in different drug environments.

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['principal component analysis', 'PCA']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: We utilized a transgenic @entity19 model where nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is selectively inhibited in @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) expressing cells. The transgene, @entity9327 -IkBa-dn, overexpresses a dominant negative form of the inhibitor of NF-kB (IkBa) under the control of the @entity9327 promoter. In the present work, we sought to understand the impact of glial NF-kB inhibition on the expression of @entity158 mediating sensory neuropeptides @entity17234 and @entity12819 ( @entity12819 ) in a model of @entity9 in @entity19 . @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) of the left sciatic nerve was performed on wild type (WT) and @entity9327 -IkBa-dn @entity19 . RT-PCR and immunohistological staining were performed in sciatic nerve and/or L4-L5 DRG tissue for @entity17234 , @entity12819 and macrophage marker @entity3804 . @entity9327 -IkBa-dn @entity19 had less mechanical and thermal @entity1931 compared to WT @entity19 post- @entity8638 . After @entity8638 , we observed @entity17234 upregulation in DRG and sciatic nerve, which was less in @entity9327 -IkBa-dn @entity19 . @entity12819 gene expression in the DRG increased transiently on day 1 post- @entity8638 in WT but not in @entity9327 -IkBa-dn @entity19 , and no evidence of @entity12819 upregulation in sciatic nerve post- @entity8638 was found. After @entity8638 , upregulation of @entity3804 in sciatic nerve was less in @entity9327 -IkBa-dn @entity19 compared to WT @entity19 , indicative of less macrophage infiltration. Our results showed that glial NF-kB inhibition reduces @entity17234 and @entity12819 expression, which are neuropeptides that correlate with @entity158 behavior and @entity32 after @entity1897 .

title: Glial NF-kB inhibition alters neuropeptide expression after sciatic nerve injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity12819 :: ('12310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene related peptide']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CCI', 'Chronic constriction injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Hyaluronidase has been gaining interest because it reduces tissue @entity4 and @entity82 . Although rare, hyaluronidase has been shown to cause @entity56 . A few cases of @entity56 following hyaluronidase administration have been reported. Most of the described @entity1 presented @entity56 after peribulbar anesthesia for eye surgery. In this report, we describe three @entity1 who experienced with @entity56 to hyaluronidase following @entity158 management. Two of the @entity1 had a history of uneventful injection with hyaluronidase. All @entity1 were afebrile and blood tests results were normal. Intradermal skin tests were positive. These clinical findings were helpful in establishing the differential diagnosis of @entity281 . Although @entity56 to hyaluronidase is rare and mostly benign, this must be considered before treating @entity1 .

title: XXXX to hyaluronidase in @entity158 management -A report of three cases-.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'allergic reactions']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic reactions']


abstract: Hyaluronidase has been gaining interest because it reduces tissue @entity4 and @entity82 . Although rare, hyaluronidase has been shown to cause @entity56 . A few cases of @entity56 following hyaluronidase administration have been reported. Most of the described @entity1 presented @entity56 after peribulbar anesthesia for eye surgery. In this report, we describe three @entity1 who experienced with @entity56 to hyaluronidase following @entity158 management. Two of the @entity1 had a history of uneventful injection with hyaluronidase. All @entity1 were afebrile and blood tests results were normal. Intradermal skin tests were positive. These clinical findings were helpful in establishing the differential diagnosis of @entity281 . Although @entity56 to hyaluronidase is rare and mostly benign, this must be considered before treating @entity1 .

title: @entity56 to hyaluronidase in XXXX management -A report of three cases-.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity412 (TG) metabolism is crucial for whole body and local energy homeostasis and accumulating evidence suggests an independent association between plasma TG concentration and increased @entity731 risk. We previously generated a @entity19 insertional mutation lpd (lipid defect) whose phenotype included elevated plasma TG and @entity1560 . Using shotgun sequencing (approximately 500 kb) and bioinformatics, we have now identified a novel @entity26317 gene @entity72580 (lpd @entity26317 ) within the lpd locus, and demonstrate the genetic disruption of exon 10 of @entity72580 in the lpd mutant locus. @entity72580 is highly expressed in the testis and weakly expressed in the liver of 2-week old @entity19 . @entity1 @entity72580 cDNA was subsequently cloned, and was found to encode a 460AA protein with 71% protein sequence identity to @entity19 @entity72580 and approximately 35% identity to other known lipases. We next sequenced the @entity1 @entity72580 gene exons in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and normal controls, and identified seven SNPs within the gene exons and six SNPs in the adjacent introns. Two hypertriglyceridemic subjects were heterozygous for a rare DNA variant, namely @entity43227 ( @entity72581 ), which was absent from 600 normal chromosomes. Two other coding SNPs were associated with variation in plasma HDL @entity165 in independent normolipidemic populations. Using bioinformatics, we identified another novel @entity26317 designated @entity72582 (for @entity72582 ), which had 44% protein sequence identity with @entity72580 . Together with the phospholipase gene @entity72583 , @entity72582 form a new @entity26317 gene subfamily, which is characterized by shortened lid motif. Study of this @entity26317 subfamily may identify novel molecular mechanisms for plasma and/or tissue TG metabolism.

title: Identification of a novel @entity26317 gene mutated in lpd @entity19 with hypertriglyceridemia and associated with dyslipidemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity72581 :: ('p|SUB|C|55|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C55Y']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity72582 :: ('239759(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LPDLR', 'LPDL and LPDLR', "'LPDL related lipase'"]

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity412 (TG) metabolism is crucial for whole body and local energy homeostasis and accumulating evidence suggests an independent association between plasma TG concentration and increased @entity731 risk. We previously generated a @entity19 insertional mutation lpd (lipid defect) whose phenotype included elevated plasma TG and @entity1560 . Using shotgun sequencing (approximately 500 kb) and bioinformatics, we have now identified a novel @entity26317 gene @entity72580 (lpd @entity26317 ) within the lpd locus, and demonstrate the genetic disruption of exon 10 of @entity72580 in the lpd mutant locus. @entity72580 is highly expressed in the testis and weakly expressed in the liver of 2-week old @entity19 . @entity1 @entity72580 cDNA was subsequently cloned, and was found to encode a 460AA protein with 71% protein sequence identity to @entity19 @entity72580 and approximately 35% identity to other known lipases. We next sequenced the @entity1 @entity72580 gene exons in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and normal controls, and identified seven SNPs within the gene exons and six SNPs in the adjacent introns. Two hypertriglyceridemic subjects were heterozygous for a rare DNA variant, namely @entity43227 ( @entity72581 ), which was absent from 600 normal chromosomes. Two other coding SNPs were associated with variation in plasma HDL @entity165 in independent normolipidemic populations. Using bioinformatics, we identified another novel @entity26317 designated @entity72582 (for @entity72582 ), which had 44% protein sequence identity with @entity72580 . Together with the phospholipase gene @entity72583 , @entity72582 form a new @entity26317 gene subfamily, which is characterized by shortened lid motif. Study of this @entity26317 subfamily may identify novel molecular mechanisms for plasma and/or tissue TG metabolism.

title: Identification of a novel XXXX gene mutated in lpd @entity19 with hypertriglyceridemia and associated with dyslipidemia in @entity1 .

answer: @entity26317 :: (16891(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lipase']


abstract: @entity412 (TG) metabolism is crucial for whole body and local energy homeostasis and accumulating evidence suggests an independent association between plasma TG concentration and increased @entity731 risk. We previously generated a @entity19 insertional mutation lpd (lipid defect) whose phenotype included elevated plasma TG and @entity1560 . Using shotgun sequencing (approximately 500 kb) and bioinformatics, we have now identified a novel @entity26317 gene @entity72580 (lpd @entity26317 ) within the lpd locus, and demonstrate the genetic disruption of exon 10 of @entity72580 in the lpd mutant locus. @entity72580 is highly expressed in the testis and weakly expressed in the liver of 2-week old @entity19 . @entity1 @entity72580 cDNA was subsequently cloned, and was found to encode a 460AA protein with 71% protein sequence identity to @entity19 @entity72580 and approximately 35% identity to other known lipases. We next sequenced the @entity1 @entity72580 gene exons in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and normal controls, and identified seven SNPs within the gene exons and six SNPs in the adjacent introns. Two hypertriglyceridemic subjects were heterozygous for a rare DNA variant, namely @entity43227 ( @entity72581 ), which was absent from 600 normal chromosomes. Two other coding SNPs were associated with variation in plasma HDL @entity165 in independent normolipidemic populations. Using bioinformatics, we identified another novel @entity26317 designated @entity72582 (for @entity72582 ), which had 44% protein sequence identity with @entity72580 . Together with the phospholipase gene @entity72583 , @entity72582 form a new @entity26317 gene subfamily, which is characterized by shortened lid motif. Study of this @entity26317 subfamily may identify novel molecular mechanisms for plasma and/or tissue TG metabolism.

title: Identification of a novel @entity26317 gene mutated in lpd XXXX with hypertriglyceridemia and associated with dyslipidemia in @entity1 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular drainage has played an important role in the management of traumatic brain-injured @entity1 . The aim of the present study was describe outcomes in a series of 57 @entity1 with diffuse @entity4 underwent to @entity428 ( @entity428 ) monitoring. METHOD: Fifty-eight @entity1 with diffuse posttraumatic @entity4 , were evaluated prospectively. The Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) scores of @entity1 varied from 4 to 12. @entity1 groups divided according to GCS and age. @entity1 neurological assessment was classified as favorable, unfavorable, and @entity204 . RESULTS: Mechanisms of injury were vehicle accidents in 72.4% and falls in 15.6%. 54% of @entity1 had GCS scores between 6 and 8. There were no statistical differences, regarding outcome, between groups separated by age. In the adults group (n=47), 44.7% evolved favorably. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity4 . We believe that continuous ventricular CSF drainage with @entity428 monitoring is a simple method as an adjunct in the management of these @entity1 .

title: Continuous ventricular cerebrospinal fluid drainage with XXXX monitoring for management of posttraumatic diffuse @entity4 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial pressure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular drainage has played an important role in the management of traumatic brain-injured @entity1 . The aim of the present study was describe outcomes in a series of 57 @entity1 with diffuse @entity4 underwent to @entity428 ( @entity428 ) monitoring. METHOD: Fifty-eight @entity1 with diffuse posttraumatic @entity4 , were evaluated prospectively. The Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) scores of @entity1 varied from 4 to 12. @entity1 groups divided according to GCS and age. @entity1 neurological assessment was classified as favorable, unfavorable, and @entity204 . RESULTS: Mechanisms of injury were vehicle accidents in 72.4% and falls in 15.6%. 54% of @entity1 had GCS scores between 6 and 8. There were no statistical differences, regarding outcome, between groups separated by age. In the adults group (n=47), 44.7% evolved favorably. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity4 . We believe that continuous ventricular CSF drainage with @entity428 monitoring is a simple method as an adjunct in the management of these @entity1 .

title: Continuous ventricular cerebrospinal fluid drainage with @entity428 monitoring for management of posttraumatic diffuse XXXX .

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['brain swelling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4480 is an efficacious antidepressant; however, its safety during the perinatal period is uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the transfer across the placenta and provide data on @entity1 exposure to @entity4480 via breast milk. METHODS: A multiparous 31-year-old @entity1 with recurrent @entity308 had responded poorly to previous antidepressants, but had a full remission on @entity4480 . She elected to remain on @entity4480 for her third pregnancy and while breastfeeding. She gave birth to a healthy term @entity1 and there were no adverse events noted for the @entity1 exposed to @entity4480 . @entity4480 concentration was measured chromatographically in maternal and infant serum collected at birth, and in maternal milk and plasma and @entity1 plasma 18 days later, (C/M) concentration ratio was calculated. Absolute and relative @entity1 doses via milk were estimated and the percent drug in @entity1 versus mother's plasma was calculated. RESULTS: Cord/maternal serum concentration ratio for @entity4480 was 0.12. Absolute @entity1 dose via milk was 7.6  g/L and relative @entity1 dose was 0.81%. The ratio of drug in the @entity1 's plasma to that in maternal plasma during lactation also gave a 0.82% @entity1 exposure estimate. CONCLUSIONS: The low C/M ratio suggests a limited transfer across the placenta. The relative @entity1 dose via milk was low by comparison to most other antidepressants, and this estimate confirmed the amount of drug in @entity1 plasma during lactation. Our data suggest that @entity4480 may be used in pregnancy and lactation for selected @entity1 in whom other antidepressants have not been successful.

title: XXXX transfer across the placenta during pregnancy and into milk during lactation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['melancholic depression']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['Duloxetine']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent @entity64 (SAMMPRIS) Trial showed that aggressive medical therapy was more effective than stenting for preventing @entity64 in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity932 . However, 15% of @entity1 in the medical group still experienced a primary end point during a median follow-up of 32.7 months. OBJECTIVE: To determine baseline features that were associated with a high rate of a primary end point in the medical arm of the SAMMPRIS Trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A post hoc analysis of @entity1 in the medical arm only of the SAMMPRIS trial. Enrollment occurred between October 2008 and April 2013 and included 227 @entity1 randomized to medical management alone. Baseline demographic features, vascular risk factors, qualifying event, brain imaging, and angiographic features were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariable proportional hazard regression modeling was performed to relate baseline features to the time until a primary end point. The post hoc analysis was conducted from November 2014 to June 2015. INTERVENTIONS: The SAMMPRIS Trial compared stenting with aggressive medical management in @entity1 with a @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack attributed to 70% to 99% @entity850 of a major intracranial artery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was any of the following: @entity64 or @entity204 within 30 days of enrollment, @entity385 in the territory of the symptomatic intracranial artery beyond 30 days after enrollment, or any @entity64 or @entity204 within 30 days after stenting a @entity1 in the medical group during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 227 @entity1 were included in the study, 82 of whom were female, and the mean (SD) age was 59.5 (11.8) years. Being female (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI, 0.96-3.7), having @entity6 (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9-3.5), not taking a statin at enrollment (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.7), @entity64 as the qualifying event (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.03-6.0), Rankin grade of 1 or greater (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.9-5.5), old @entity1188 (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.1), and greater than 80% @entity850 (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9-3.7) were associated (P   <   .10) with higher risk on bivariate analysis. Factors that were significantly associated with a primary end point on multivariable analyses were old @entity1188 in the territory (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3; P   =   .006), @entity64 as the qualifying event (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-7.7; P   =   .03), and no statin use at enrollment (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; P   =   .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Old @entity1188 in the territory of the @entity850 , new @entity64 presentation, and absence of statin use at enrollment were independently associated with high rates of the primary end point in the medical group in the SAMMPRIS Trial. These features may be useful for selecting high-risk @entity1 for future clinical trials evaluating alternative therapies for @entity932 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00576693.

title: Factors Associated With Recurrent XXXX in the Medical Group of the SAMMPRIS Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct in the territory of the stenotic artery', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While recent literature has described the prevalence of @entity2458 in @entity1 with @entity5576 , @entity392 , and @entity10 , it is unclear what the prevalence is in the general population. This study evaluates the prevalence of @entity50 and @entity509 in the general @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 355 of 600 consecutive @entity1 who underwent CT angiography of the head met the inclusion criteria. The diameters of the dural venous sinuses were recorded. Each study was evaluated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of stenoses. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed by a statistician. RESULTS: The prevalence of unilateral @entity2458 or @entity509 in a sample of @entity1 representing the general population was 33%, the prevalence of bilateral @entity2458 was 5%, and the prevalence of @entity850 with @entity717 was 1%. A multivariate analysis identified arachnoid granulations as a predictor of @entity850 (p<0.001). Gender trended toward significance (p=0.094). Race was not a significant predictor of @entity850 (p=0.745). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bilateral @entity2458 in the general population is not trivial. These data may be used as a reference for understanding the mechanistic role of stenoses in @entity5576 , @entity392 , and @entity10 .

title: Prevalence of dural XXXX and @entity509 in a generalized population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity2458 :: ('MESH:D020227', 'Disease') :: ['transverse sinus stenosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['refractory headaches']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['venous sinus stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While recent literature has described the prevalence of @entity2458 in @entity1 with @entity5576 , @entity392 , and @entity10 , it is unclear what the prevalence is in the general population. This study evaluates the prevalence of @entity50 and @entity509 in the general @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 355 of 600 consecutive @entity1 who underwent CT angiography of the head met the inclusion criteria. The diameters of the dural venous sinuses were recorded. Each study was evaluated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of stenoses. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed by a statistician. RESULTS: The prevalence of unilateral @entity2458 or @entity509 in a sample of @entity1 representing the general population was 33%, the prevalence of bilateral @entity2458 was 5%, and the prevalence of @entity850 with @entity717 was 1%. A multivariate analysis identified arachnoid granulations as a predictor of @entity850 (p<0.001). Gender trended toward significance (p=0.094). Race was not a significant predictor of @entity850 (p=0.745). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bilateral @entity2458 in the general population is not trivial. These data may be used as a reference for understanding the mechanistic role of stenoses in @entity5576 , @entity392 , and @entity10 .

title: Prevalence of dural @entity50 and XXXX in a generalized population.

answer: @entity509 :: (MESH:C538429,Disease) :: ['hypoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity63 events is relatively common after endovascular interventions, and flow diverters may pose a particular threat owing to their increased technical complexity and high metal content. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and potential risk factors for @entity1031 after treatment with a Pipeline embolization device (PED). METHODS: This prospective study included a total of 59 @entity1 electively treated with a PED over 12   months. Postprocedural diffusion-weighted imaging sequences of the brain were obtained 24   h after interventions to detect @entity2806 . Demographic data, @entity439 characteristics, antiplatelet management, and perioperative data were correlated with the rate of @entity63 events. RESULTS: The incidence of silent @entity63 events after use of a PED was 62.7% (37 @entity1 ) and @entity16 occurred in 8.1% of affected @entity1 . Development of @entity63 events was significantly associated with older @entity1 (>= 60   years; p=0.038). Routine use of platelet function assays and newer @entity3075 receptor inhibitors (ticagrelor) were not associated with fewer @entity1031 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1031 events are relatively common after treatment with a PED with an incidence comparable to stent-assisted and conventional coiling but the risk of @entity16 from @entity63 burden is low. Older @entity1 are at particularly increased risk of @entity1031 .

title: Silent XXXX events after Pipeline embolization device: a prospective evaluation with MR diffusion-weighted imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms', 'neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events', 'thromboembolic lesions']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Some of the biggest barriers to increase @entity14 screening are negative attitudes to screening tests. These negative attitudes might be evoked through reading @entity5 prevention information and impede the decision to get screened. Forty-two adults aged >= 50  years completed a 12-item attitude questionnaire after reading @entity14 prevention information. African-Americans perceived that others had higher @entity5 risk than themselves whereas Caucasians did not show the difference. Regardless of ethnicity and adherence to screening guidelines, no @entity1 had strong feelings of fear and embarrassment. However, non-adherent Caucasians had higher @entity148 than adherent Caucasians. The degree of negativity was not associated with intention to get screened in non-adherent @entity1 . Adequate health literacy of @entity1 may account for flat responses in negative attitudes. Further research in individuals with limited health literacy is recommended. Moreover, additional education about self-relevance of @entity5 risk is considered necessary to increase @entity5 awareness in African-Americans.

title: Attitudes to XXXX screening after reading the prevention information.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and study the causes and outcome of @entity39918 ( @entity39918 ). DESIGN: Active surveillance of newborn @entity1 using the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit notification system and follow up study of outcome at 6 months of age. SETTING: The United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. @entity1 : Newborn @entity1 presenting with a flaccid paresis of the arm (usually one, rarely both) born between April 1998 and March 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Extent of the lesion at birth and degree of recovery at 6 months of age. FINDINGS: There were 323 confirmed cases giving an incidence of 0.42 per 1000 live births (1 in 2300). Significant associated risk factors in comparison with the normal population were @entity1266 (60% v 0.3%), high birth weight with 53% @entity1 weighing more than the 90th centile, and assisted delivery (relative risk (RR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9 to 3.9, p = 0.0001). There was a considerably lower risk of @entity39918 in @entity1 delivered by caesarean section (RR 7, 95% CI 2 to 56, p = 0.002). At about 6 months of age, about half of the @entity1 had recovered fully, but the remainder showed incomplete recovery including 2% with no recovery. The relative risk of partial or no recovery in @entity1 with extensive lesions soon after birth compared with those with less extensive lesions was 11.28 (95% CI 2.38 to 63.66, p = 0.000005). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity39918 in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland is strikingly similar to that previously reported nearly 40 years ago. Most cases are due to @entity130 at delivery, which is not necessarily excessive or inappropriate. Given the uncertainty about the appropriate management of these @entity1 , serious consideration should be given to a formal clinical trial of microsurgical nerve repair.

title: XXXX : incidence, causes, and outcome in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

entities_list: @entity39918 :: ('MESH:C563901', 'Disease') :: ['CBP', 'congenital brachial palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dystocia']

answer: @entity39918 :: (MESH:C563901,Disease) :: ['Congenital brachial palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although radical cystectomy is considered to be the primary treatment for muscle-invasive @entity150 , it is associated with unfavorable outcome. Local recurrence is still a major problem. Survival rates as well as quality of live are far from being satisfactory. Postoperative radiotherapy is considered the standard adjuvant treatment in the NCI-Egypt. This is a prospective randomized study conducted to compare preoperative with postoperative radiotherapy as regard the survival and complication rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: In the period from May, 2004 to June 2007, 100 eligible @entity1 were included into the study, 50 @entity1 in each treatment arm. Pelvic irradiation was identical in both groups aiming at 50 Gy/25 Fs/5 wk. Radical cystectomy was the standard surgery. Locoregional control, survival rates, and complications rates were compared in both arms. RESULTS: @entity1 had a median follow-up period of 32 months (range 0-69 months). @entity1 had an average age of 54.8    9.5 years with a male/female ratio 3:1. In the present study, transitional cell @entity189 constitutes (51%), @entity957 was reported in 46% of cases. Grades II and III pathology were 81% and 17%, respectively. Pathological stage P2b was encountered in 39.5% of the @entity1 followed by P3b (33.3%) and P3a (14.6%). For the preoperative group, the 3-year overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional control, and metastases-free survival rates were 53.4%, 47.4%, 89.3%, and 61.5%, respectively. The corresponding figures for the postoperative group were 51.8%, 34.1%, 80.6%, and 55.7% for the postoperative group. None of the @entity1 had serious radiation reactions. CONCLUSION: In our study, preoperative radiotherapy was almost equivalent to postoperative radiation therapy as regard OS, DFS, as well as complication rates. Given the recent physical developments in radiation therapy techniques and the biological rationale for treating the pelvis after cystectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy should be re-evaluated world wide. Preoperative radiotherapy may re-emerge as a useful tool for adjuvant treatment.

title: A prospective randomized trial for postoperative vs. preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for muscle-invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['while squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present upper- (UEMS) and lower-extremity motor score (LEMS) recovery, American @entity3510 @entity73 ( @entity73 ) change, and motor level change in @entity1 with traumatic @entity1688 from the @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort; follow-up to 1 year. SETTING: U.S. @entity1566 . @entity1 : Subjects (N=1436; age>15y) with @entity1688 with at least 2 examinations, the first within 7 days of injury. Subjects were 80% @entity1 injured by vehicular collisions (44%), falls (30%), sports (12%), and violence (11%). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in @entity73 , UEMS, LEMS, and motor levels. RESULTS: From a baseline of 7 days or less, 22% of subjects with @entity73 grade A converted to @entity73 grade B or better by rehabilitation discharge; and 30%, by 1 year, with 8% to @entity73 grade C and 7.1% to grade D. Conversion from complete to motor incomplete was not related to timing of the initial examination (P=.54) or initial neurologic level (P=.96). For @entity73 grade B, 34% remained motor complete, 30% became @entity73 grade C, and 37% became grade D by 1 year. Although 82.5% of those with @entity73 grade C improved to @entity73 grades D and E, mean 1-year UEMS score was only 35 points. UEMS scores in @entity1 with @entity73 grade A increased a mean of 9 to 11 points, except for C1 to C3 and C8 to T1 motor levels (gain, 2-3 points). Motor level was unchanged or ascended in 35% and improved 1 level in 42%, 2 levels in 14%, and more than 2 levels in 9%. Motor zone of partial preservation of 2 segments or more was associated with gain of 2 or more motor levels, with a relative risk of 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 3.2-7.8; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: More @entity1 with cervical complete @entity1566 may be converting to @entity73 grade D compared with earlier reports. Motor level recovery in those with @entity73 grade A and UEMS recovery in those with @entity73 grade C injuries are potential outcomes for acute clinical trials.

title: Upper- and lower-extremity motor recovery after traumatic cervical @entity1566 : an update from the national XXXX database.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'Association Impairment Scale']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCIMS', 'Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present upper- (UEMS) and lower-extremity motor score (LEMS) recovery, American @entity3510 @entity73 ( @entity73 ) change, and motor level change in @entity1 with traumatic @entity1688 from the @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort; follow-up to 1 year. SETTING: U.S. @entity1566 . @entity1 : Subjects (N=1436; age>15y) with @entity1688 with at least 2 examinations, the first within 7 days of injury. Subjects were 80% @entity1 injured by vehicular collisions (44%), falls (30%), sports (12%), and violence (11%). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in @entity73 , UEMS, LEMS, and motor levels. RESULTS: From a baseline of 7 days or less, 22% of subjects with @entity73 grade A converted to @entity73 grade B or better by rehabilitation discharge; and 30%, by 1 year, with 8% to @entity73 grade C and 7.1% to grade D. Conversion from complete to motor incomplete was not related to timing of the initial examination (P=.54) or initial neurologic level (P=.96). For @entity73 grade B, 34% remained motor complete, 30% became @entity73 grade C, and 37% became grade D by 1 year. Although 82.5% of those with @entity73 grade C improved to @entity73 grades D and E, mean 1-year UEMS score was only 35 points. UEMS scores in @entity1 with @entity73 grade A increased a mean of 9 to 11 points, except for C1 to C3 and C8 to T1 motor levels (gain, 2-3 points). Motor level was unchanged or ascended in 35% and improved 1 level in 42%, 2 levels in 14%, and more than 2 levels in 9%. Motor zone of partial preservation of 2 segments or more was associated with gain of 2 or more motor levels, with a relative risk of 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 3.2-7.8; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: More @entity1 with cervical complete @entity1566 may be converting to @entity73 grade D compared with earlier reports. Motor level recovery in those with @entity73 grade A and UEMS recovery in those with @entity73 grade C injuries are potential outcomes for acute clinical trials.

title: Upper- and lower-extremity motor recovery after traumatic cervical XXXX : an update from the national @entity1566 database.

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Focal laser ablation is an investigational technique to treat @entity263 in a region confined manner via @entity39 . This phase I trial primarily examines the safety of transrectal magnetic resonance imaging guided (in-bore) focal laser ablation in @entity1 with intermediate @entity263 . An exploratory end point is @entity5 control after 6 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an institutional review board approved trial we studied focal laser ablation in 8 @entity1 with intermediate @entity263 diagnosed using magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion. Focal laser ablation was performed by inserting a cylindrically diffusing, water cooled laser fiber into magnetic resonance visible regions of interest, followed by interstitial heating at 10 to 15 W for up to 3 minutes. Secondary safety monitors (thermal probes) were inserted to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance thermometry. Comprehensive magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion biopsy was performed after 6  months. Adverse events and health related quality of life questionnaires were recorded. RESULTS: Focal laser ablation was successfully performed in all 8 subjects. No grade 3 or greater adverse events occurred and no changes in International Prostate Symptom Score or International Index of Erectile Function 5 were observed. Ablation zones, as measured by posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging, had a median volume of 3 cc or 7.7% of prostate volume. @entity1486 decreased in 7 @entity1 (p <0.01). At followup magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion biopsy @entity5 was not detected in the ablation zone in 5 @entity1 but was present outside the treatment margin in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Focal laser ablation of the prostate is feasible and safe in @entity1 with intermediate @entity263 , without serious adverse events or changes in urinary or sexual function at 6 months. Comprehensive biopsy followup indicates that larger treatment margins than previously thought necessary may be required for complete @entity5 ablation.

title: Focal Laser Ablation of XXXX : Phase I Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Maternal transfer of metals can be an important exposure route for animals. The maternal transfer of @entity8818 and its effects on reproduction in fish are still largely unknown. In this study, @entity7021 were exposed to a sublethal @entity6596 concentration for 6 days (acute) and for 3 months (chronic). @entity3407 accumulation in the gonads, maternal transfer of @entity8818 , and effects of @entity8818 on the reproduction, histopathology and expressions of antioxidants in the gonads were evaluated. Both acute and chronic exposures resulted in significant @entity8818 accumulation in gonads, eggs and larvae. In chronic @entity8818 -exposed fish, approximately 61% of the @entity8818 accumulated in the ovary was depurated by spawning during the first 3 days after exposure, suggesting that maternal transfer is a very important pathway for accumulation in offspring. The chronic exposure caused decreases in body weight, standard length, gonad weight, gonad-somatic index (GSI) and fecundity. The last of these was most severely affected: the total number of broods and eggs per female decreased by 57.1% and 75.9%, respectively. Moreover, egg weight and fertilization rate were also reduced (by approximately 20%) following chronic @entity6596 exposure. Histopathological analyses showed that the @entity8818 exposure resulted in the onset of follicular @entity1146 and a reduction in the number of mature oocytes, along with a reduction in abundance of mature spermatozoa in testes. The @entity6172 / @entity9492 ratio was greatly elevated after chronic @entity6596 exposure, implying that @entity6172 played a role in scavenging the reactive @entity26 species generated by the reduction of @entity6596 inside cells. This study provides evidence for the maternal transfer of @entity8818 , highlights the importance of spawning in @entity8818 depuration from the ovary, and demonstrates that chronic @entity6596 exposure has serious impacts on reproduction in the @entity7021 . Our results suggest that the issue of chronic @entity8818 pollution deserves more attention than it has received to date.

title: Maternal transfer and reproductive effects of @entity6596 in XXXX ( @entity7021 ) under acute and chronic exposures.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['Chromium']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Japanese medaka']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Maternal transfer of metals can be an important exposure route for animals. The maternal transfer of @entity8818 and its effects on reproduction in fish are still largely unknown. In this study, @entity7021 were exposed to a sublethal @entity6596 concentration for 6 days (acute) and for 3 months (chronic). @entity3407 accumulation in the gonads, maternal transfer of @entity8818 , and effects of @entity8818 on the reproduction, histopathology and expressions of antioxidants in the gonads were evaluated. Both acute and chronic exposures resulted in significant @entity8818 accumulation in gonads, eggs and larvae. In chronic @entity8818 -exposed fish, approximately 61% of the @entity8818 accumulated in the ovary was depurated by spawning during the first 3 days after exposure, suggesting that maternal transfer is a very important pathway for accumulation in offspring. The chronic exposure caused decreases in body weight, standard length, gonad weight, gonad-somatic index (GSI) and fecundity. The last of these was most severely affected: the total number of broods and eggs per female decreased by 57.1% and 75.9%, respectively. Moreover, egg weight and fertilization rate were also reduced (by approximately 20%) following chronic @entity6596 exposure. Histopathological analyses showed that the @entity8818 exposure resulted in the onset of follicular @entity1146 and a reduction in the number of mature oocytes, along with a reduction in abundance of mature spermatozoa in testes. The @entity6172 / @entity9492 ratio was greatly elevated after chronic @entity6596 exposure, implying that @entity6172 played a role in scavenging the reactive @entity26 species generated by the reduction of @entity6596 inside cells. This study provides evidence for the maternal transfer of @entity8818 , highlights the importance of spawning in @entity8818 depuration from the ovary, and demonstrates that chronic @entity6596 exposure has serious impacts on reproduction in the @entity7021 . Our results suggest that the issue of chronic @entity8818 pollution deserves more attention than it has received to date.

title: Maternal transfer and reproductive effects of @entity6596 in @entity7021 ( XXXX ) under acute and chronic exposures.

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Oryzias latipes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Maternal transfer of metals can be an important exposure route for animals. The maternal transfer of @entity8818 and its effects on reproduction in fish are still largely unknown. In this study, @entity7021 were exposed to a sublethal @entity6596 concentration for 6 days (acute) and for 3 months (chronic). @entity3407 accumulation in the gonads, maternal transfer of @entity8818 , and effects of @entity8818 on the reproduction, histopathology and expressions of antioxidants in the gonads were evaluated. Both acute and chronic exposures resulted in significant @entity8818 accumulation in gonads, eggs and larvae. In chronic @entity8818 -exposed fish, approximately 61% of the @entity8818 accumulated in the ovary was depurated by spawning during the first 3 days after exposure, suggesting that maternal transfer is a very important pathway for accumulation in offspring. The chronic exposure caused decreases in body weight, standard length, gonad weight, gonad-somatic index (GSI) and fecundity. The last of these was most severely affected: the total number of broods and eggs per female decreased by 57.1% and 75.9%, respectively. Moreover, egg weight and fertilization rate were also reduced (by approximately 20%) following chronic @entity6596 exposure. Histopathological analyses showed that the @entity8818 exposure resulted in the onset of follicular @entity1146 and a reduction in the number of mature oocytes, along with a reduction in abundance of mature spermatozoa in testes. The @entity6172 / @entity9492 ratio was greatly elevated after chronic @entity6596 exposure, implying that @entity6172 played a role in scavenging the reactive @entity26 species generated by the reduction of @entity6596 inside cells. This study provides evidence for the maternal transfer of @entity8818 , highlights the importance of spawning in @entity8818 depuration from the ovary, and demonstrates that chronic @entity6596 exposure has serious impacts on reproduction in the @entity7021 . Our results suggest that the issue of chronic @entity8818 pollution deserves more attention than it has received to date.

title: Maternal transfer and reproductive effects of XXXX in @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ) under acute and chronic exposures.

answer: @entity6596 :: (MESH:C074702,Chemical) :: ['Cr(VI)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity3001 has trended toward longer duration despite the absence of supporting clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate different durations of oral @entity3403 treatment and the combination of oral @entity3403 and a single intravenous dose of @entity2756 for treatment of @entity1 with @entity3001 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Single-center university hospital. @entity1 : 180 @entity1 with @entity8831 . INTERVENTION: Ten days of oral @entity3403 , with or without a single intravenous dose of @entity2756 , or 20 days of oral @entity3403 . MEASUREMENTS: Outcome was based on clinical observations and neurocognitive testing. Efficacy was assessed at 20 days, 3 months, 12 months, and 30 months. RESULTS: At all time points, the complete response rate was similar for the three treatment groups in both on-study and intention-to-treat analyses. In the on-study analysis, the complete response rate at 30 months was 83.9% in the 20-day @entity3403 group, 90.3% in the 10-day @entity3403 group, and 86.5% in the @entity3403 - @entity2756 group (P > 0.2). The only @entity1 with treatment failure (10-day @entity3403 group) developed @entity693 on day 18. There were no significant differences in the results of neurocognitive testing among the three treatment groups and a separate control group without @entity3001 . @entity294 occurred significantly more often in the @entity3403 - @entity2756 group (35%) than in either of the other two groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Extending treatment with @entity3403 from 10 to 20 days or adding one dose of @entity2756 to the beginning of a 10-day course of @entity3403 did not enhance therapeutic efficacy in @entity1 with @entity8831 . Regardless of regimen, objective evidence of treatment failure was extremely rare.

title: Duration of antibiotic therapy for XXXX . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['early Lyme disease', 'Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['early Lyme disease']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity150 underwent total cystectomy between April, 1969 and March, 1984. The overall five-year survival rate was 62.2%, and the ten-year survival rate was 55.0%. However, 11 of the 12 @entity5 deaths occurred within 5 years. The survival rate was significantly higher in G1 than in G2 or G3, but there was no significant difference between G2 and G3. The survival rate was clearly different between the superficial and deep invasive type. The group of stage pT1a or less had a significantly higher survival rate than the group of pT1b. No significant difference was detected among the groups of stage pT1b or higher. The presence of intramural lymphatic invasion (ly) may be an important prognostic factor. Pelvic lymph node @entity3 was detected in 28.6% of ly 1, and in 71.4% of ly 2. The @entity150 could be rationally classified into a superficial type and an invasive type according to the destruction of the lamina proprie. Proper adjuvant therapy should be performed for the invasive type which shows ly-positive @entity5 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of total cystectomy in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity150 underwent total cystectomy between April, 1969 and March, 1984. The overall five-year survival rate was 62.2%, and the ten-year survival rate was 55.0%. However, 11 of the 12 @entity5 deaths occurred within 5 years. The survival rate was significantly higher in G1 than in G2 or G3, but there was no significant difference between G2 and G3. The survival rate was clearly different between the superficial and deep invasive type. The group of stage pT1a or less had a significantly higher survival rate than the group of pT1b. No significant difference was detected among the groups of stage pT1b or higher. The presence of intramural lymphatic invasion (ly) may be an important prognostic factor. Pelvic lymph node @entity3 was detected in 28.6% of ly 1, and in 71.4% of ly 2. The @entity150 could be rationally classified into a superficial type and an invasive type according to the destruction of the lamina proprie. Proper adjuvant therapy should be performed for the invasive type which shows ly-positive @entity5 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of total cystectomy in XXXX with @entity150 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The Lee @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) Symptom Scale has been recommended for use by the 2005 and 2014 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conferences to capture @entity2132 symptoms. Although the @entity2132 Symptom Scale was previously validated, this study aims to reexamine the instrument's content validity by exploring the clarity, comprehensibility, relevance, and ease of use in a contemporary @entity2132 sample, toward Food and Drug Administration (FDA) qualification of this @entity1 -reported outcomes (PRO) instrument as a drug development tool. Attaining FDA qualification means that an instrument has been judged to be a reliable and valid measure of clinical benefit. Twenty adult @entity1 with a median age of 58  year (range, 31 to 79  years) participated. The median duration of @entity2132 was 33  months (range, 0 to 134.4  months), and current NIH severity score was mild in 1 @entity1 , moderate in 10 @entity1 , and severe in 9 @entity1 , with a median of 5.5 treatments (range, 0 to 14) ever used for @entity2132 . The median summary score was 23 (range, 8 to 51), and the median time to complete the scale was 2  minutes, 7  seconds (range, 1  minute, 8  seconds to 4  minutes). Symptoms of @entity2132 were well captured on the Lee @entity2132 Symptom Scale, although 4 additional symptoms/signs were mentioned by 15% of the @entity1 . @entity1 mostly reported that item wording was clear and provided accurate definitions of specific terminologies; however, 7 @entity1 (35%) reported finding 1 or more items in the skin domain unclear, reporting, for example, that rashes and itchy skin seemed synonymous. Two of 19 @entity1 (10.5%) described how their answers would have changed had they been asked about their symptoms within the past month instead of within the past week, owing to recently resolved symptoms. All @entity1 were able to accurately explain the concept of "bother" in their own words and distinguish it from symptom severity or other related symptom attributes. In summary, @entity1 found the Lee GVHD Symptom Scale to be a comprehensive and understandable way to report their @entity2132 symptom experience. Future work will focus on options for the recall period, the phrasing of skin items, and whether some very rare symptoms (eg, feeding tube, use of @entity26 ) should continue to be a part of the scale.

title: Content Validity of the Lee XXXX Symptom Scale as Assessed by Cognitive Interviews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['cGVHD', 'Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been no studies of atrial diastolic function after catheter ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We encountered a few @entity1 with symptomatic left @entity1002 and associated @entity120 ( @entity120 ) that developed after catheter ablation for @entity955 . Similar findings were described in @entity1 after cardiac surgery and were referred to as the "stiff @entity4032 ." OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively quantify the incidence of @entity1 developing @entity120 associated with diastolic hemodynamic abnormalities of the LA after radiofrequency ablation of @entity955 and to identify the possible predictors. METHODS: Between January 2009 and July 2010, data on 1,380 consecutive @entity1 were prospectively collected. Before ablation and at follow-up, all @entity1 had an echocardiogram to assess for the presence of @entity120 . @entity1 with no echocardiographic evidence of @entity120 but complaining of unexplained @entity1353 with @entity4032 were evaluated with @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity1 were included in the analysis if they developed new or worsening @entity120 postablation with evidence of LA @entity67 by @entity299 or direct LA pressure measurement. All @entity1 were evaluated for @entity849 and excluded if this condition was identified. RESULTS: The mean age was 62    11 (75% male), and nonparoxysmal @entity955 was the predominant @entity943 (71%). New or worsening @entity120 with associated @entity4032 was detected in 19 (1.4%) @entity1 after ablation. The prevalence of @entity120 did not differ between @entity955 types (P = .612). Compared with @entity1 who did not develop @entity120 , LA scarring (P <.001), @entity6 (P = .026), and @entity27 ( @entity27 ; P = .006) were more frequently observed among those who developed @entity120 . In a multivariable logistic model, preprocedure LA size  <=45 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 6.13; P = .033), mean LA pressure (OR 1.14; P = .025), severe LA scarring (OR = 4.4; P = .046), @entity6 (OR = 9.5; P = .004), and @entity27 (OR = 6.2; P = .009) were independently associated with the development of @entity120 postablation. CONCLUSIONS: After radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity955 (RFCAF), @entity120 with LA @entity67 or the so-called stiff LA syndrome is a rare but potentially significant complication of @entity955 ablation. Severe LA scarring, LA  <=45 mm, @entity6 , @entity27 , and high LA pressure are clinical variables that predict the development of this syndrome. The main clinical findings include @entity1353 , @entity712 , @entity120 , and large V waves on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) or LA pressure tracings in the absence of @entity339 .

title: Stiff @entity4032 after catheter ablation for XXXX : clinical characterization, prevalence, and predictors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PH', 'pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['right heart catheterization', 'RHC']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['left atrial syndrome', 'LA diastolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['atrial (LA) diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been no studies of atrial diastolic function after catheter ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We encountered a few @entity1 with symptomatic left @entity1002 and associated @entity120 ( @entity120 ) that developed after catheter ablation for @entity955 . Similar findings were described in @entity1 after cardiac surgery and were referred to as the "stiff @entity4032 ." OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively quantify the incidence of @entity1 developing @entity120 associated with diastolic hemodynamic abnormalities of the LA after radiofrequency ablation of @entity955 and to identify the possible predictors. METHODS: Between January 2009 and July 2010, data on 1,380 consecutive @entity1 were prospectively collected. Before ablation and at follow-up, all @entity1 had an echocardiogram to assess for the presence of @entity120 . @entity1 with no echocardiographic evidence of @entity120 but complaining of unexplained @entity1353 with @entity4032 were evaluated with @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity1 were included in the analysis if they developed new or worsening @entity120 postablation with evidence of LA @entity67 by @entity299 or direct LA pressure measurement. All @entity1 were evaluated for @entity849 and excluded if this condition was identified. RESULTS: The mean age was 62    11 (75% male), and nonparoxysmal @entity955 was the predominant @entity943 (71%). New or worsening @entity120 with associated @entity4032 was detected in 19 (1.4%) @entity1 after ablation. The prevalence of @entity120 did not differ between @entity955 types (P = .612). Compared with @entity1 who did not develop @entity120 , LA scarring (P <.001), @entity6 (P = .026), and @entity27 ( @entity27 ; P = .006) were more frequently observed among those who developed @entity120 . In a multivariable logistic model, preprocedure LA size  <=45 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 6.13; P = .033), mean LA pressure (OR 1.14; P = .025), severe LA scarring (OR = 4.4; P = .046), @entity6 (OR = 9.5; P = .004), and @entity27 (OR = 6.2; P = .009) were independently associated with the development of @entity120 postablation. CONCLUSIONS: After radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity955 (RFCAF), @entity120 with LA @entity67 or the so-called stiff LA syndrome is a rare but potentially significant complication of @entity955 ablation. Severe LA scarring, LA  <=45 mm, @entity6 , @entity27 , and high LA pressure are clinical variables that predict the development of this syndrome. The main clinical findings include @entity1353 , @entity712 , @entity120 , and large V waves on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) or LA pressure tracings in the absence of @entity339 .

title: Stiff XXXX after catheter ablation for @entity955 : clinical characterization, prevalence, and predictors.

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['left atrial syndrome']


abstract: @entity1002 and diastolic function was assessed in 12 @entity1 after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (age range 5 to 18 years, mean 10) and compared with 10 control @entity1 . Only 1 @entity1 had a shunt before total correction that was performed at a mean age of 3.5 years, (range 0.3 to 8). At cardiac catheterization the following indexed LV parameters were measured: end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, wall mass, ejection fraction, @entity64 volume and end-diastolic and end-systolic pressures and stresses. The rate-corrected mean velocity of fiber shortening was calculated. LV diastolic operant chamber stiffness and @entity296 were calculated from simultaneous diastolic pressures and volumes in mid- and late diastole using monoexponential formulas. The 2 groups were compared by unpaired t tests. The tetralogy group had higher mean end-diastolic (93 vs 74 ml/m2), end-systolic (29 vs 19 ml/m2) and @entity64 (64 vs 55 ml/m2) volumes than controls. Rate-corrected mean velocity of fiber shortening was lower in the tetralogy group (1.07 vs 1.24). @entity296 was higher in the tetralogy group (16 vs 11). Other indexes were not significantly different. Thus, LV function after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot may be abnormal with larger than normal LV size, decreased contractile function and increased @entity296 .

title: XXXX and diastolic function after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial stiffness', 'myocardial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular (LV) systolic']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular systolic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors related to recurrence in @entity1 treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and to predict the recurrence following breast-conserving therapy (BCT) by constructing a prediction model. METHODS: The retrospective analysis included 764 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 treated with BCT in Shanghai @entity5 Center between 1995 and 2008. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) and all the recurrence events. Logistic regression was used to construct a recurrence prediction model, which was further evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. RESULTS: The 5-year locoregional @entity1349 (LRRFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were 90.8 and 88.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed 1 independent predictive factor for LRRFS (lymph node, P  =  .0049) and three independent predictive factors for @entity1349 (lymph node, P  =  .0036; molecular subtype, P  =  .0021; histological grade, P  =  .041). These three variables entered into logistic regression to establish a recurrent prediction model. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the established model was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.78). This model could classify @entity1 into "high-risk recurrence" and "low-risk recurrence" groups and could successfully predict their prognosis (P  <  .00001). CONCLUSIONS: The information of lymph node status, molecular subtype, and grade may help doctors to evaluate recurrence risk of a @entity1 treated with BCT. Our new model might be helpful in clinical practice for recurrence prediction after BCT in Chinese @entity1 , though further validation studies are needed.

title: Predicting XXXX recurrence following breast-conserving therapy: a single-institution analysis consisting of 764 Chinese @entity0 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors related to recurrence in @entity1 treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and to predict the recurrence following breast-conserving therapy (BCT) by constructing a prediction model. METHODS: The retrospective analysis included 764 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 treated with BCT in Shanghai @entity5 Center between 1995 and 2008. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) and all the recurrence events. Logistic regression was used to construct a recurrence prediction model, which was further evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. RESULTS: The 5-year locoregional @entity1349 (LRRFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were 90.8 and 88.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed 1 independent predictive factor for LRRFS (lymph node, P  =  .0049) and three independent predictive factors for @entity1349 (lymph node, P  =  .0036; molecular subtype, P  =  .0021; histological grade, P  =  .041). These three variables entered into logistic regression to establish a recurrent prediction model. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the established model was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.78). This model could classify @entity1 into "high-risk recurrence" and "low-risk recurrence" groups and could successfully predict their prognosis (P  <  .00001). CONCLUSIONS: The information of lymph node status, molecular subtype, and grade may help doctors to evaluate recurrence risk of a @entity1 treated with BCT. Our new model might be helpful in clinical practice for recurrence prediction after BCT in Chinese @entity1 , though further validation studies are needed.

title: Predicting @entity0 recurrence following breast-conserving therapy: a single-institution analysis consisting of 764 Chinese XXXX cases.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']