abstract: The Authors report on a rare case of @entity66 complicated by a sigmoid- vaginal fistula with personal considerations based on a review of literature. A 75 year old @entity1 becomes to our observation suffering the lost of smelly vaginal secretions without @entity221 or abdominalgia. In anamnesis hysterectomy cholecystectomy appendectomy and visceral adhesions lysis. Colonoscopy RX barium enema, gynaecological examination, vaginal buffer show diverticulis of colon sigma with @entity12478 . After laparotomy, visceral adhesions lysis, it was done sigmoid- vaginal fistula resection with healing. @entity66 is a XX century pathology with incidence (for some authors) of 50% of population. Symptomatic forms affect 30-50% of @entity1 (variable percentage based on age); the 1% of these need surgery. The @entity1049 is the principal cause of @entity66 that recognize the main localization in colon-sigma. @entity4436 with pericolic @entity32 are frequent complications; possible evolutions are local tamponed @entity298 , mechanical intestinal occlusion, @entity548 from @entity694 . @entity12478 is the most frequent in @entity1 previously treated with laparohysterectomy. The colonoscopy and RX barium enema are gold standard for instrumental diagnosis; the vaginography is diriment, urography excludes @entity5450 . The surgical treatment is the fistula resection, with or without colonic resection. In consideration of the necessity of conservative surgery and on the basis of this case, the authors suggest, if it's possible, the simple fistula resection, although the literature report an high number of relapses.

title: [Surgical complications of the XXXX . A rare case of @entity12478 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease', 'Diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['Sigmoid-vaginal fistula', 'sigmoid-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological diseases']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic wall and fistulas']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic anatomical-functional disorder']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease']


abstract: The Authors report on a rare case of @entity66 complicated by a sigmoid- vaginal fistula with personal considerations based on a review of literature. A 75 year old @entity1 becomes to our observation suffering the lost of smelly vaginal secretions without @entity221 or abdominalgia. In anamnesis hysterectomy cholecystectomy appendectomy and visceral adhesions lysis. Colonoscopy RX barium enema, gynaecological examination, vaginal buffer show diverticulis of colon sigma with @entity12478 . After laparotomy, visceral adhesions lysis, it was done sigmoid- vaginal fistula resection with healing. @entity66 is a XX century pathology with incidence (for some authors) of 50% of population. Symptomatic forms affect 30-50% of @entity1 (variable percentage based on age); the 1% of these need surgery. The @entity1049 is the principal cause of @entity66 that recognize the main localization in colon-sigma. @entity4436 with pericolic @entity32 are frequent complications; possible evolutions are local tamponed @entity298 , mechanical intestinal occlusion, @entity548 from @entity694 . @entity12478 is the most frequent in @entity1 previously treated with laparohysterectomy. The colonoscopy and RX barium enema are gold standard for instrumental diagnosis; the vaginography is diriment, urography excludes @entity5450 . The surgical treatment is the fistula resection, with or without colonic resection. In consideration of the necessity of conservative surgery and on the basis of this case, the authors suggest, if it's possible, the simple fistula resection, although the literature report an high number of relapses.

title: [Surgical complications of the @entity66 . A rare case of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12478 :: (MESH:D014624,Disease) :: ['sigmoid-vaginal fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity1576 may alter a @entity1 's social life and well-being. Measures of health-related quality of life have been proven to bring complementary information to functional assessments. The aim of the study was to describe the questionnaires that are most frequently used to measure this subjective construct in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and to compare the responses obtained via administering one generic (SF-36) and one disease-specific questionnaire (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ) to @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: One group of @entity1 (46 individuals) was used to evaluate the questionnaire's performance in repeated administrations under unchanged conditions (reproducibility) and to study the correlations of corresponding domains of respective questionnaires. Responsiveness of both questionnaires was tested on another group of 129 @entity1 measured before and after the therapeutic stay at the @entity11028 . Methods of correlational analysis (Spearman, intraclass, and canonical correlation coefficients) as well as the Wilcoxon rank test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Both questionnaires seem to be comprehensive outcome measures for @entity1 with @entity1030 , but some particular areas may not be covered with the same intensity (e.g. emotional problems). Reproducibility of both questionnaires was good and only small non-significant shifts were seen, particularly in physical and social functioning domains. In repeated measurement, the SGRQ seemed to be slightly more responsive to change than the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The idea of using generic and disease-specific questionnaires together probably represents the best approach to this topic. It may improve our knowledge and explain better the relationship between disease-specific changes in @entity1 status and both disease-specific treatment and general functional status.

title: Generic versus disease-specific instruments in quality-of-life assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: @entity3620 is known for its dismal prognosis and poor response to conventional treatment. Chemotherapy with @entity900 -antifolate combinations recently showed promising response rates and prolonged survival in randomised trials. To assess the impact of this development on clinical practice and survival at a population-based level, treatment patterns and survival trends were studied for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2615 in the period 1995-2006. 4,731 records were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and chemotherapy use and median survival were analysed. For the periods 1995-1998 to 2005-2006, chemotherapy use increased from 8% to 36%. Median survival increased over time from 7.1 months to 9.2 months. For @entity2615 , multivariable analysis demonstrated that survival was poorer for elderly @entity1 and @entity5 . The prognostic impact of chemotherapy increased with time. Median survival for chemotherapy treated @entity1 improved from 10.1 months (1995-1998) to 13.1 months (2005-2006). For @entity298 , median survival was poor (3.9 months) but better for females and younger @entity1 . This study demonstrates that chemotherapy use increased at a national level and coincided with an improvement in survival. The novel chemotherapy regimen appears to be more effective but, due to the observational nature of this study, alternative explanations cannot be excluded.

title: Population-based survival for malignant XXXX after introduction of novel chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Malignant @entity253 carries a poor prognosis, as the disease is often unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Various palliative measures as surgical/radiological/ endoscopic drainage with or without radiotherapy/chemotherapy have been tried with dismal outcome. We prospectively studied the effect of unilateral metal stent with intraluminal @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy in @entity1 with type II malignant @entity253 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 with type II malignant @entity253 were treated with contrast-free unilateral metal stenting followed by endoscopic intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT). A retrospectively analyzed group of 10 @entity1 treated only with contrast-free unilateral metal stenting served as historical controls. RESULTS: A successful drainage was achieved in all, @entity255 occurred in none and no @entity1 died within 30 days in both groups. The mean (+/-SD) patency of metal stent was 305 (+/-183.96) days and 143.9(+/-115.11) days in @entity1 with and without intraluminal brachytherapy, respectively (P=0.03). Mean (+/-SD) survival of these @entity1 was 310 (+/-192.68) days and 154.9 (+/-122.51) days in @entity1 with and without intraluminal brachytherapy, respectively (P=0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed estimated median survival of 225 (95% CI; 169.5, 280.4) days in brachytherapy and 100 (95%CI; 94.1, 105.8) days in control group (P=0.025). No major complications related to metal stent or ILBT were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-free unilateral metal stenting with @entity1168 ILBT in type II malignant @entity253 is a safe and effective method of palliation and appears to prolong @entity1 survival as well as patency of stent in these @entity1 , however, a larger, randomized trial is required to validate the same.

title: Endoscopic intraluminal brachytherapy and metal stent in malignant XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['hilar biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['hilar biliary obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6402 complex (BCC) is a versatile group of Gram negative organisms that can be found throughout the environment in sources such as soil, water, and plants. While BCC bacteria can be involved in beneficial interactions with plants, they are also considered opportunistic pathogens, specifically in @entity1 with @entity1577 and @entity1117 . These organisms also exhibit resistance to many antibiotics, making conventional treatment often unsuccessful. KS10 was isolated as a prophage of @entity7081 K56-2, a clinically relevant strain of the BCC. Our objective was to sequence the genome of this phage and also determine if this prophage encoded any virulence determinants. RESULTS: KS10 is a 37,635 base pairs (bp) transposable phage of the opportunistic pathogen @entity7081 . Genome sequence analysis and annotation of this phage reveals that KS10 shows the closest sequence homology to Mu and BcepMu. KS10 was found to be a prophage in three different strains of @entity7081 , including strains K56-2, J2315, and C5424, and seven tested clinical isolates of @entity7081 , but no other BCC species. A survey of 23 strains and 20 clinical isolates of the BCC revealed that KS10 is able to form plaques on lawns of @entity9182 LMG 19467, @entity7081 PC184, and B. stabilis LMG 18870. CONCLUSION: KS10 is a novel phage with a genomic organization that differs from most phages in that its capsid genes are not aligned into one module but rather separated by approximately 11 kb, giving evidence of one or more prior genetic rearrangements. There were no potential virulence factors identified in KS10, though many hypothetical proteins were identified with no known function.

title: Genomic sequence and activity of KS10, a transposable phage of the XXXX complex.

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity7081 :: ('95486', 'Species') :: ['B. cenocepacia', 'Burkholderia cenocepacia']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity6402 :: (292,Species) :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']


abstract: Endovascular coiling has become a powerful alternative to neurosurgical clipping of @entity438 . Apart from the @entity68743 (Boston Scientific, Galway, Ireland), there is limited published data about the newer generation of detachable @entity902 coils, e.g., TruFill (Cordis, Johnson and Johnson, Miami, Fl.). We report our initial clinical experience with the embolization of @entity439 by TruFill coils. Included in this retrospective study were 26 @entity1 (age 55.4+/-14.5 years; 9 male, 17 female) with 28 @entity439 , 21 ruptured and 7 unruptured. All @entity1 were treated exclusively by embolization with TruFill @entity902 coils. Immediate angiographic and 6-month angiographic follow-up results were documented. Acute clinical outcome was recorded. Of the 28 @entity439 , 16 (57%) were completely occluded by TruFill embolization, 11 (39%) were @entity2300 with residual necks, and 1 (4%) was partially occluded as @entity439 . There were no @entity1756 during the procedures. Follow-up at 6 months after the procedure was available in 18 @entity1 and 19 @entity439 . Of the 19 @entity439 , 2 of 12 initially completely occluded @entity439 (17%) and 1 of 7 @entity439 with initial residual necks (14%) showed recanalization at the 6-month follow-up. One recanalized @entity439 was subsequently recoiled with consequent residual neck and remained unchanged at the 1-year follow-up. Embolization by TruFill @entity902 coils has a comparable total @entity439 rate to that with @entity68743 . The mid-term reintervention rate is low, and will require verification by future long-term studies.

title: Single-center experience with TruFill @entity902 coils for the embolization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity68743 :: ('8034', 'Gene') :: ['Guglielmi Detachable Coil (GDC)', 'GDC']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal ruptures']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'residual aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysmal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['incompletely occluded']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: Endovascular coiling has become a powerful alternative to neurosurgical clipping of @entity438 . Apart from the @entity68743 (Boston Scientific, Galway, Ireland), there is limited published data about the newer generation of detachable @entity902 coils, e.g., TruFill (Cordis, Johnson and Johnson, Miami, Fl.). We report our initial clinical experience with the embolization of @entity439 by TruFill coils. Included in this retrospective study were 26 @entity1 (age 55.4+/-14.5 years; 9 male, 17 female) with 28 @entity439 , 21 ruptured and 7 unruptured. All @entity1 were treated exclusively by embolization with TruFill @entity902 coils. Immediate angiographic and 6-month angiographic follow-up results were documented. Acute clinical outcome was recorded. Of the 28 @entity439 , 16 (57%) were completely occluded by TruFill embolization, 11 (39%) were @entity2300 with residual necks, and 1 (4%) was partially occluded as @entity439 . There were no @entity1756 during the procedures. Follow-up at 6 months after the procedure was available in 18 @entity1 and 19 @entity439 . Of the 19 @entity439 , 2 of 12 initially completely occluded @entity439 (17%) and 1 of 7 @entity439 with initial residual necks (14%) showed recanalization at the 6-month follow-up. One recanalized @entity439 was subsequently recoiled with consequent residual neck and remained unchanged at the 1-year follow-up. Embolization by TruFill @entity902 coils has a comparable total @entity439 rate to that with @entity68743 . The mid-term reintervention rate is low, and will require verification by future long-term studies.

title: Single-center experience with TruFill XXXX coils for the embolization of @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: One important mechanism by which @entity5 cells parasitize their host is by escaping apoptosis. Thus, selectively facilitating apoptosis is a therapeutic mechanism by which oncotherapy may prove highly advantageous. One major apoptotic pathway is mediated by @entity12 ( @entity12 ). The death-inducing signaling Ccmplex (DISC) and subsequent death-domain aggregations are created when @entity12 is bound by its receptor thereby enabling programmed cell death. Conceptually, if a better understanding of the Fas pathway can be garnered, an oncoselective prodeath therapeutic approach can be tailored. Herein, we propose that EGF and @entity12020 play essential roles in the regulation of the Fas apoptotic pathway in @entity242 . @entity5 and in vitro data suggest viable cells counter the prodeath signal induced by @entity12 by activating EGF, which in turn induces prosurvival @entity12020 . The prosurvival attributes of @entity12020 ultimately predominate over the death-inducing @entity12 . Cells destined for elimination inhibit this prosurvival response via a presently undefined pathway. This scenario represents a novel role for EGF and @entity12020 as regulators of the Fas pathway in @entity242 .

title: Potential for modulation of the fas apoptotic pathway by epidermal growth factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of stromal cell derived factor 1( @entity1570 )/ @entity436 and their association with clinicopathologic features and lymph node @entity3 in invasive @entity0 . METHODS: The expression of @entity1570 was studied by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical study for @entity436 was also performed. The correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) @entity1570 was mainly expressed in @entity5 cells and the level of its expression (both membranous and cytoplasmic) in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.033). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity3 , TNM @entity5 stage, histologic grade, @entity5 dimension and @entity172 receptor status (P < 0.05). (2) @entity1570 protein was also detected in the endothelial cells, although its mRNA was rarely detected. @entity1570 staining in lymphatics was associated with positive lymph node (P = 0.005) and @entity1570 staining in blood vessels correlated with stromal lymphocytic reaction (P = 0.001). The extent of nodal involvement was higher in the group with positive @entity1570 staining in blood vessels and with prominent lymphocytic reaction than that in other groups with one or neither of the two features (P < 0.05). (3) On the other hand, @entity436 was mainly expressed in @entity5 cells (both nuclear and cytoplasmic); and the level of its expression in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.005). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity3 , TNM @entity5 stage, histologic grade, @entity5 dimension and @entity1722 status (P < 0.05). The nuclear expression of @entity436 was only correlated with @entity1420 receptor status (P < 0.01). The cytoplasmic expression @entity436 also positively correlated with @entity1570 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1570 and @entity436 can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of lymph node @entity3 , as well as potential therapeutic targets in invasive @entity0 . The difference in localization and staining patterns may also carry different significance.

title: [Significance of expression of stromal cell derived factor 1 and XXXX in invasive @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity436 :: (7852,Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of stromal cell derived factor 1( @entity1570 )/ @entity436 and their association with clinicopathologic features and lymph node @entity3 in invasive @entity0 . METHODS: The expression of @entity1570 was studied by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical study for @entity436 was also performed. The correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) @entity1570 was mainly expressed in @entity5 cells and the level of its expression (both membranous and cytoplasmic) in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.033). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity3 , TNM @entity5 stage, histologic grade, @entity5 dimension and @entity172 receptor status (P < 0.05). (2) @entity1570 protein was also detected in the endothelial cells, although its mRNA was rarely detected. @entity1570 staining in lymphatics was associated with positive lymph node (P = 0.005) and @entity1570 staining in blood vessels correlated with stromal lymphocytic reaction (P = 0.001). The extent of nodal involvement was higher in the group with positive @entity1570 staining in blood vessels and with prominent lymphocytic reaction than that in other groups with one or neither of the two features (P < 0.05). (3) On the other hand, @entity436 was mainly expressed in @entity5 cells (both nuclear and cytoplasmic); and the level of its expression in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.005). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity3 , TNM @entity5 stage, histologic grade, @entity5 dimension and @entity1722 status (P < 0.05). The nuclear expression of @entity436 was only correlated with @entity1420 receptor status (P < 0.01). The cytoplasmic expression @entity436 also positively correlated with @entity1570 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1570 and @entity436 can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of lymph node @entity3 , as well as potential therapeutic targets in invasive @entity0 . The difference in localization and staining patterns may also carry different significance.

title: [Significance of expression of stromal cell derived factor 1 and @entity436 in invasive XXXX ].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features and diagnosis of @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) of the pancreas. METHODS: Nineteen cases of @entity4929 encountered during the period from 1999 to 2007 were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity4929 occurred more often in males (68%). It affected @entity1 in older age group (mean age = 59) and was located mainly in the head of pancreas (60%). The mean @entity5 size was 4.2 cm (range = 1 to 8 cm). The clinical presentation was @entity158 (53%), @entity353 (32%), @entity6 (21%), @entity788 (21%) and @entity1087 (10%). Pancreatectomy was performed in 18 cases. The remaining @entity1 received bypass surgery only. Features of in-situ or invasive @entity5 were present in 15 of the 19 cases (78%). Histologically, the @entity5 consisted of papillary proliferations protruding into and expanding the pancreatic ducts. Invasion into the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma was noted in 12 cases and chronic @entity788 was present in 16 cases. Follow-up data (4 to 48 months) were available in 13 @entity1 . Apart from 1 @entity1 who died of other disease, all were still alive. Immunohistochemical study showed that @entity876 was positive in 6 cases, @entity986 in 5 cases and fascin in 8 cases. The expression of @entity1722 was all negative. Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 80% (mean = 38%). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant changes are not uncommon in @entity4929 . The prognosis after surgical resection however is better than that of conventional @entity788 . The overexpression of @entity876 , @entity986 and fascin may be related to @entity5 progression. The possibility of malignant transformation needs to be considered if the Ki-67 index is over 15%. Early recognition by radiologic examination (including ERCP) and pancreatic cytology would be helpful in early diagnosis. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of treatment and long-term post-operative follow up is needed.

title: [Intraductal papillary mucinous XXXX : a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 19 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['neoplasm of pancreas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity5940 and @entity12726 infections among @entity1 with @entity6369 and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material for analysis were urethral swabs and @entity21 . @entity5940 IST 2 kit was applied to diagnose @entity281 . All @entity1 were additionaly tested for @entity11739 , @entity5132 and @entity21586 and Gram stain specimens were obtained to identify the presence of PMN. RESULTS: @entity12726 was detected in 57/390 (14.6%), and @entity5940 in 4/390 (1%) @entity1 . Exclusive @entity12726 infection was found in 45 (11.5%) @entity1 , and only 2 @entity1 had exclusive @entity5940 infection. @entity12726 infection the most frequently coexisted with @entity11739 --5 (8.8%), next with @entity5132 --4 (7%) and @entity5940 --2 (3.5%) infections. Mycoplasmal infections were the most frequently found in @entity1 aged 30 to 39 (35.1%) diagnosed with @entity3892 (29.2%). The most commonly reported symptom was @entity3833 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity12726 is the common pathogen among @entity1 with @entity6369 and its complications. The most common symptoms in @entity12726 @entity1 were: @entity3833 , @entity158 and urethrorrhoea, however, clinical symptoms are not frequently observed.

title: XXXX and @entity12726 infections in male @entity6369 and its complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethritis']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasmal infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hypogastric pains']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C. trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity12726 :: ('2130', 'Species') :: ['U urealyticum', 'U. urealyticum']

entities_list: @entity5940 :: ('2098', 'Species') :: ['M. hominis', 'Mycoplasma']

answer: @entity5940 :: (2098,Species) :: ['Mycoplasma hominis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity5940 and @entity12726 infections among @entity1 with @entity6369 and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material for analysis were urethral swabs and @entity21 . @entity5940 IST 2 kit was applied to diagnose @entity281 . All @entity1 were additionaly tested for @entity11739 , @entity5132 and @entity21586 and Gram stain specimens were obtained to identify the presence of PMN. RESULTS: @entity12726 was detected in 57/390 (14.6%), and @entity5940 in 4/390 (1%) @entity1 . Exclusive @entity12726 infection was found in 45 (11.5%) @entity1 , and only 2 @entity1 had exclusive @entity5940 infection. @entity12726 infection the most frequently coexisted with @entity11739 --5 (8.8%), next with @entity5132 --4 (7%) and @entity5940 --2 (3.5%) infections. Mycoplasmal infections were the most frequently found in @entity1 aged 30 to 39 (35.1%) diagnosed with @entity3892 (29.2%). The most commonly reported symptom was @entity3833 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity12726 is the common pathogen among @entity1 with @entity6369 and its complications. The most common symptoms in @entity12726 @entity1 were: @entity3833 , @entity158 and urethrorrhoea, however, clinical symptoms are not frequently observed.

title: @entity5940 and XXXX infections in male @entity6369 and its complications.

answer: @entity12726 :: (2130,Species) :: ['Ureaplasma urealyticum']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity5940 and @entity12726 infections among @entity1 with @entity6369 and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material for analysis were urethral swabs and @entity21 . @entity5940 IST 2 kit was applied to diagnose @entity281 . All @entity1 were additionaly tested for @entity11739 , @entity5132 and @entity21586 and Gram stain specimens were obtained to identify the presence of PMN. RESULTS: @entity12726 was detected in 57/390 (14.6%), and @entity5940 in 4/390 (1%) @entity1 . Exclusive @entity12726 infection was found in 45 (11.5%) @entity1 , and only 2 @entity1 had exclusive @entity5940 infection. @entity12726 infection the most frequently coexisted with @entity11739 --5 (8.8%), next with @entity5132 --4 (7%) and @entity5940 --2 (3.5%) infections. Mycoplasmal infections were the most frequently found in @entity1 aged 30 to 39 (35.1%) diagnosed with @entity3892 (29.2%). The most commonly reported symptom was @entity3833 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity12726 is the common pathogen among @entity1 with @entity6369 and its complications. The most common symptoms in @entity12726 @entity1 were: @entity3833 , @entity158 and urethrorrhoea, however, clinical symptoms are not frequently observed.

title: @entity5940 and @entity12726 infections in male XXXX and its complications.

answer: @entity6369 :: (MESH:D014526,Disease) :: ['urethritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of microsurgical treatment for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Ten @entity1 with dumbbell-shaped JFTs who were microsurgically treated by the same group were retrospectively studied, the surgical approaches includes infratemporal approach and modified far lateral approach according to @entity5 ' size, blood feeding, hearing and growth manner. Cranial nerve function, pre- and postoperative complications, follow-up data were presented and discussed. RESULTS: Gross total @entity5 removal was achieved in 7 @entity1 , subtotal removal in 2 cases, partial removal in 1 case, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaking in 1 cases, postoperative new @entity129 in 1 cases, aggravation in 2 cases. @entity129 improved in 80 percent of the @entity1 . Favorable facial function in 6 months postoperatively (House-Brackmann grade system in Grade 1 and Grade 2) was noted in 7 of the 10 @entity1 . The postoperative level of hearing was preserved in 3 of the 6 @entity1 with residual hearing. Recurrence was noted in 1 case during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical total removal of @entity5 is possible depends on microsurgical operation with the two approaches with lowly additional @entity51 . The function of preoperative affected cranial nerves can be recovered.

title: [Microsurgical treatment of gigantic dumbbell-shaped XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'JFT', 'jugular foramen tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve defects', 'Postoperative deficits of the cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['jugular foramen tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of @entity1736 surgery in @entity1 with weak levator function utilizing the direct tarsus to frontalis muscle sling technique without creation of a flap. METHODS: In a prospective nonrandomized case series over a 3-year period, @entity1 with @entity1736 and weak (less than 4 mm) levator function underwent direct sling of the tarsus to frontalis muscle without creating any flap. Success was defined as upper lid margin to central corneal reflex distance of at least 3 mm in bilateral cases and a difference of less than 1 mm in unilateral cases. RESULTS: Overall, 26 eyes of 22 @entity1 with mean age of 15.4        9.4 years were operated and followed up for 13.5        8.4 months. The @entity1736 was congenital in 15 @entity1 (68.2%) and acquired in 7 @entity1 (31.8%). Twelve @entity1 (54.5%) had a history of @entity1736 surgery. The procedure was judged as successful in 77.3% of @entity1 after initial surgery and in 100% after reoperation. Surgical success after initial surgery was directly correlated with the amount of levator function (P   =   0.02). However, success was not associated with age (P   =   0.9) or history of surgery (P   =   0.9). None of the @entity1 developed eyelid @entity1410 , lagophthalmus or @entity936 . CONCLUSIONS: Direct sling of the upper tarsus to the frontalis muscle without creation of flap is an effective procedure for correction of @entity1736 in @entity1 with weak levator function. Minimal dissection and preservation of the orbicularis oculi prevents lagophthalmus and its consequences.

title: Direct tarsus to frontalis muscle sling without flap creation for correction of XXXX with poor levator function.

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['blepharoptosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of a new video-assisted minimally invasive surgery for @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: From December 2006 to October 2007, 57 @entity1 who were 56.4 years old in average underwent the video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac operation for @entity955 , and there were 40 male @entity1 . Thirty-eight @entity1 were @entity955 , 7 @entity1 were persistent and 12 @entity1 were long-standing persistent. Three @entity1 had failed catheter ablation, and two @entity1 had preoperative permanent pacemaker implantation. All @entity1 went under the minimally invasive procedure. Intraoperative electrophysiological mapping were performed. RESULTS: Mean operation time was 3.5 h. One @entity1 was confirmed of left auricle thrombus, and one received concurrent epicardial cardiac resynchronization therapy during the procedure. There were no perioperative @entity204 . Acute @entity1576 occurred in 1 @entity1 and @entity712 in 1 @entity1 after operation. Sixteen @entity1 had electrical cardioversion after operation and during follow-up. At discharge, 78.9% (45/57) of all @entity1 were in sinus rhythm (84.2% for @entity955 , 71.4% for persistent @entity955 , 66.7% for long-standing persistent @entity955 ). The @entity1 were followed-up by 1 to 10 months. At 1 month after operation, overall 64.3% (36/56) were in sinus rhythm (67.6% for @entity955 , 57.1% for persistent @entity955 , 58.3% for long-standing persistent @entity955 ). At 3 months, overall 83.9% (47/56) were in sinus rhythm (86.5% for @entity955 , 85.7% for persistent @entity955 , 75.0% for long-standing persistent @entity955 ). At > or = 6 months, overall 87.0% (20/23) were in sinus rhythm (89.5% for @entity955 , 75.0% for persistent @entity955 ). No @entity1031 event was observed during follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery proves to be safe, less traumatic, and presents optimistic early outcomes for @entity955 @entity1 .

title: [Video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery for XXXX : a report of 57 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'paroxysmal AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: This presentation deals with the gross and microscopic pathology of @entity2033 . Recent advances in immunohistochemistry, gene rearrangement studies and cell culture are not discussed, except where they shed light on the pathology. Clinical and pathological experience, over the past 2 decades, suggests that @entity2033 should be divided into six subtypes, as originally proposed by Lukes et al. (1966b), rather than the four subtypes included in the Rye classification. Nodular lymphocyte/histiocyte predominant @entity2033 forms a clinicopathological entity separate from the other subtypes. It most frequently presents at a single nodal site and, even without therapy, progresses only slowly over a period of many years. A proportion of the @entity1 (in the region of 10%) develop large cell @entity1893 and a smaller number develop other types of @entity978 . This progression is not due to therapy since it most frequently occurs in untreated @entity1 . Characteristic polylobated @entity9712 cell variants are seen in NLPHD. These differ from classic @entity9712 cells in that they have a B-cell phenotype, they do not show light chain restriction and, therefore, they do not appear to be a clonal proliferation. Although current dogma states that classic @entity9712 cells must be identified before a diagnosis of @entity2033 , including NLPHD, is made, it is the author's contention, supported by immunohistochemistry, that this type of @entity9712 cell does not occur in NLPHD. Polylobated @entity9712 cell variants in the appropriate cellular setting are, in themselves, diagnostic of NLPHD. They also serve to differentiate NLPHD from progressive transformation of germinal centres, an unusual proliferative expansion that may occur in association with @entity2033 but which, in itself, appears to be an entirely benign, reactive process. Diffuse lymphocyte/histiocyte predominant @entity2033 (DLPHD) differs from NLPHD in its diffuse growth pattern and the frequent presence of larger numbers of histiocytes. Polylobated @entity9712 cells are characteristic of both diseases. In some biopsies nodular and diffuse areas are seen in the same lymph node. Despite these similarities, the two diseases differ clinically (NLPHD is usually stage 1, DLPHD is frequently of a higher stage) and in their immunohistochemistry (fewer @entity9712 cell variants in DLPHD contain J-chain than in NLPHD). The reasons for these differences are not apparent and require further investigation. It may be due, at least in part, to the inclusion of cases of MCHD and @entity1893 in the DLPHD category. @entity4383 is the commonest category of @entity2033 in most reported series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Pathology of XXXX : anything new?

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Nodular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between expression of @entity5689 ( @entity3895 -1) and pERK1/2 and prognosis in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity3895 -1 and pERK1/2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples obtained from 160 @entity1 with @entity1149 and 20 @entity1 with normal lung tissue. RESULTS: Normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were positive for @entity3895 -1 (membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns). The expression rate of @entity3895 -1 in @entity1149 was 65.6% (105/160), which was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue (P = 0.002). The @entity3895 -1-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 were 56.8% (46/81) and 75.7% (53/70), respectively (P = 0.015). The expression of @entity3895 -1 was much higher in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (77.8%, compared with 55.7% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.003). The expression was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (75.4%, compared with 58.2%, P = 0.024). The overall survival of @entity1 with @entity3895 -1-positive @entity5 (71.4%, 37.1% and 17.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with @entity3895 -1-negative @entity5 (89.1%, 69.1% and 43.6% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.000). On the other hand, normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were negative for pERK1/2. The expression rate of pERK1/2 in @entity1149 was 61.3%, which was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P = 0.000). The pERK1/2-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 was 53.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P = 0.021). The expression of pERK1/2 was much higher in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (80.6%, compared with 45.5% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.000). The expression of pERK1/2 was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (76.8%, compared with 49.5%, P = 0.426). The overall survival of @entity1 with @entity7952 1/2-positive @entity5 (74.5%, 42.9% and 19.4% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with pERK1/2-negative @entity5 (82.3%, 56.5% and 37.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.002). @entity3895 -1 and pERK1/2 expression showed negative correlation (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3895 -1 expression is lower in @entity1149 than in normal lung tissue, whereas pERK1/2 expression is higher in @entity1149 . Positive expression of @entity3895 -1 and overexpression of pERK1/2 correlates with tumorigenesis and @entity5 progression of @entity1149 . @entity3895 -1 and pERK1/2 may serve as potential markers for predicting prognosis in @entity1149 .

title: [Relationship between expression of @entity5689 and pERK1/2 and prognosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between expression of @entity5689 ( @entity3895 -1) and pERK1/2 and prognosis in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity3895 -1 and pERK1/2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples obtained from 160 @entity1 with @entity1149 and 20 @entity1 with normal lung tissue. RESULTS: Normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were positive for @entity3895 -1 (membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns). The expression rate of @entity3895 -1 in @entity1149 was 65.6% (105/160), which was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue (P = 0.002). The @entity3895 -1-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 were 56.8% (46/81) and 75.7% (53/70), respectively (P = 0.015). The expression of @entity3895 -1 was much higher in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (77.8%, compared with 55.7% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.003). The expression was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (75.4%, compared with 58.2%, P = 0.024). The overall survival of @entity1 with @entity3895 -1-positive @entity5 (71.4%, 37.1% and 17.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with @entity3895 -1-negative @entity5 (89.1%, 69.1% and 43.6% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.000). On the other hand, normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were negative for pERK1/2. The expression rate of pERK1/2 in @entity1149 was 61.3%, which was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P = 0.000). The pERK1/2-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 was 53.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P = 0.021). The expression of pERK1/2 was much higher in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (80.6%, compared with 45.5% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.000). The expression of pERK1/2 was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (76.8%, compared with 49.5%, P = 0.426). The overall survival of @entity1 with @entity7952 1/2-positive @entity5 (74.5%, 42.9% and 19.4% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with pERK1/2-negative @entity5 (82.3%, 56.5% and 37.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.002). @entity3895 -1 and pERK1/2 expression showed negative correlation (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3895 -1 expression is lower in @entity1149 than in normal lung tissue, whereas pERK1/2 expression is higher in @entity1149 . Positive expression of @entity3895 -1 and overexpression of pERK1/2 correlates with tumorigenesis and @entity5 progression of @entity1149 . @entity3895 -1 and pERK1/2 may serve as potential markers for predicting prognosis in @entity1149 .

title: [Relationship between expression of XXXX and pERK1/2 and prognosis in @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['caveolin-1']


abstract: OBJECT: A large volume of @entity1 presented to a Level I pediatric @entity130 center during and after a recent tornado disaster. Injuries of the central and peripheral nervous systems and the medical responses of a pediatric neurosurgical team are reviewed. METHODS: The clinical courses of @entity1 who suffered cranial, spinal, and @entity1897 due to the tornado storm are reported. The clinical actions taken by the neurosurgical team during and after the event are reviewed and the lessons learned are discussed. RESULTS: The tornado storm system moved through the Tuscaloosa and Birmingham metropolitan areas on the early evening hours of April 27, 2011. Twenty-four @entity1 received care from the neurosurgical team. A total of 11 cranial (including placement of an external ventricular drain), 2 spine, and 2 peripheral procedures were performed for the victims. Nine procedures were performed within the first 12 hours of the event, and an additional 6 surgeries were performed in the following 24 hours. Injuries of the peripheral nervous system often presented in a delayed fashion. Several key components were identified that enabled adequate neurosurgical care for a large influx of acute @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Massive casualties due to tornados are rare. A well-organized physician team working with the hospital administration may decrease the mortality and morbidity of such events.

title: Massive XXXX and lessons learned following a tornado disaster in Alabama.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['pediatric neurosurgical injuries']


abstract: Apoptosis of @entity5 cells between the gastric and intestinal-type @entity1 @entity356 were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene @entity7465 and @entity469 , the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node @entity3 . Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of @entity7465 and @entity7279 . The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of @entity7465 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The @entity7465 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node @entity3 and non- @entity3 cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node @entity3 ratio was found between the two @entity356 types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The @entity469 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 @entity7465 -positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 @entity7465 -negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). @entity469 positive ratio in the 25 @entity7465 -negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the @entity5 nest, most @entity469 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the @entity5 tissue. In the high-AI cases, @entity469 -positive cells increased. And the @entity469 -positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of @entity356 was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of @entity7465 and lymph node @entity3 , but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the @entity469 -positive cells increased in @entity7465 -negative cases.

title: Comparative study on @entity5 cell apoptosis between gastric and intestinal-type @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Apoptosis of @entity5 cells between the gastric and intestinal-type @entity1 @entity356 were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene @entity7465 and @entity469 , the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node @entity3 . Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of @entity7465 and @entity7279 . The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of @entity7465 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The @entity7465 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node @entity3 and non- @entity3 cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node @entity3 ratio was found between the two @entity356 types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The @entity469 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 @entity7465 -positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 @entity7465 -negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). @entity469 positive ratio in the 25 @entity7465 -negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the @entity5 nest, most @entity469 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the @entity5 tissue. In the high-AI cases, @entity469 -positive cells increased. And the @entity469 -positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of @entity356 was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of @entity7465 and lymph node @entity3 , but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the @entity469 -positive cells increased in @entity7465 -negative cases.

title: Comparative study on XXXX cell apoptosis between gastric and intestinal-type @entity1 @entity356 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Apoptosis of @entity5 cells between the gastric and intestinal-type @entity1 @entity356 were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene @entity7465 and @entity469 , the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node @entity3 . Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of @entity7465 and @entity7279 . The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of @entity7465 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The @entity7465 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node @entity3 and non- @entity3 cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node @entity3 ratio was found between the two @entity356 types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The @entity469 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 @entity7465 -positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 @entity7465 -negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). @entity469 positive ratio in the 25 @entity7465 -negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the @entity5 nest, most @entity469 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the @entity5 tissue. In the high-AI cases, @entity469 -positive cells increased. And the @entity469 -positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of @entity356 was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of @entity7465 and lymph node @entity3 , but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the @entity469 -positive cells increased in @entity7465 -negative cases.

title: Comparative study on @entity5 cell apoptosis between gastric and intestinal-type XXXX @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Oral @entity500 was compared with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial of therapy in @entity9335 ( @entity9335 ), a rare @entity24825 . Eighteen severely affected @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity500 50 mg t.d.s. or placebo over a 2-year period. Severity of itch and @entity1910 were assessed weekly by each @entity1 on a visual analogue scale and overall clinical status monthly by a medical observer. Monitoring of @entity1 ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was undertaken throughout treatment by @entity2264 film lapel-badge dosimetry. Five of 8 @entity1 treated with @entity500 but none of 10 placebo @entity1 achieved remission within 6 months. One @entity1 could not tolerate treatment because of gastrointestinal effects. No haematological or hepatic abnormality was noted. The marked improvement in clinical status of actively treated @entity1 (P less than 0.02, Fisher's exact test), led to early termination of the trial. Oral @entity500 therapy is an effective and usually well tolerated treatment in @entity9335 .

title: @entity500 treatment in XXXX : a double-blind controlled trial with monitoring of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulphone']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['chronic actinic dermatitis', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity24825 :: ('MESH:D017443', 'Disease') :: ['eczematous photodermatosis']

answer: @entity9335 :: (MESH:D010787,Disease) :: ['chronic actinic dermatitis']


abstract: Oral @entity500 was compared with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial of therapy in @entity9335 ( @entity9335 ), a rare @entity24825 . Eighteen severely affected @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity500 50 mg t.d.s. or placebo over a 2-year period. Severity of itch and @entity1910 were assessed weekly by each @entity1 on a visual analogue scale and overall clinical status monthly by a medical observer. Monitoring of @entity1 ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was undertaken throughout treatment by @entity2264 film lapel-badge dosimetry. Five of 8 @entity1 treated with @entity500 but none of 10 placebo @entity1 achieved remission within 6 months. One @entity1 could not tolerate treatment because of gastrointestinal effects. No haematological or hepatic abnormality was noted. The marked improvement in clinical status of actively treated @entity1 (P less than 0.02, Fisher's exact test), led to early termination of the trial. Oral @entity500 therapy is an effective and usually well tolerated treatment in @entity9335 .

title: XXXX treatment in @entity9335 : a double-blind controlled trial with monitoring of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['Azathioprine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of @entity4043 ( @entity4043 )and @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) in supraglottic, @entity189 , different distance surgical margins and lymphatic @entity3 ; to study the relationship of two molecular markers. METHOD: Expression of elF4E and @entity1495 in @entity189 and different margins were detected by HE-stained, routine pathological section, immunohistochemical SP method and image analysis. RESULT: (1) Immunohistochemical staining for @entity1495 was performed with a monoclonal anti- @entity1495 antibody. The positive expression rate was 68. 4 % . There was significant difference between lymph node @entity3 and no lymph node @entity3 , but there was no significant difference between @entity6402 or @entity6493 ( P >0. 05). There was no significant difference between @entity1495 and @entity189 position,pathology grade ( P> 0. 05). Positive expression rate of @entity1495 was @entity5 , 5 mm, 10 mm different distant margin of supraglottic and @entity189 as tissue progressed adjacent to @entity189 . (2) Staining positive rate of elF4E in supraglottic and @entity189 was 89%. There was significant association between @entity4043 expression intensity and clinical stage, lymphatic @entity3 . The positive expression rate of @entity4043 was increased in sequence from 10 mm, 5 mm distant mucosa tissue to @entity189 nest in supraglottic and @entity189 . (3) Negative expression of @entity1495 and @entity4043 was seen in the normal lymph nodes. @entity1495 positive expression rate was 28% in @entity3 lymph nodes,elF4E was 42 %. (4) There was no significant correlation between elF4E and @entity1495 in margins according to spearman rank correlation test. CONCLUSION: @entity4043 and @entity1495 expression was significantly higher in supraglottic and @entity189 than distant margin and normal mucosa tissue. elF4E positive rate was higher than @entity1495 ,expression sensitivity and reliability of elF4E in margins was higher than @entity1495 . elF4E is a sensitive marker in growth, infiltration and @entity3 of supraglottic and @entity189 .

title: [Expression and clinical value of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in supraglottic and XXXX and @entity3 lymph].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity4043 :: ('1977', 'Gene') :: ['eIF4E', 'eukaryotic initiation factor4E']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of @entity4043 ( @entity4043 )and @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) in supraglottic, @entity189 , different distance surgical margins and lymphatic @entity3 ; to study the relationship of two molecular markers. METHOD: Expression of elF4E and @entity1495 in @entity189 and different margins were detected by HE-stained, routine pathological section, immunohistochemical SP method and image analysis. RESULT: (1) Immunohistochemical staining for @entity1495 was performed with a monoclonal anti- @entity1495 antibody. The positive expression rate was 68. 4 % . There was significant difference between lymph node @entity3 and no lymph node @entity3 , but there was no significant difference between @entity6402 or @entity6493 ( P >0. 05). There was no significant difference between @entity1495 and @entity189 position,pathology grade ( P> 0. 05). Positive expression rate of @entity1495 was @entity5 , 5 mm, 10 mm different distant margin of supraglottic and @entity189 as tissue progressed adjacent to @entity189 . (2) Staining positive rate of elF4E in supraglottic and @entity189 was 89%. There was significant association between @entity4043 expression intensity and clinical stage, lymphatic @entity3 . The positive expression rate of @entity4043 was increased in sequence from 10 mm, 5 mm distant mucosa tissue to @entity189 nest in supraglottic and @entity189 . (3) Negative expression of @entity1495 and @entity4043 was seen in the normal lymph nodes. @entity1495 positive expression rate was 28% in @entity3 lymph nodes,elF4E was 42 %. (4) There was no significant correlation between elF4E and @entity1495 in margins according to spearman rank correlation test. CONCLUSION: @entity4043 and @entity1495 expression was significantly higher in supraglottic and @entity189 than distant margin and normal mucosa tissue. elF4E positive rate was higher than @entity1495 ,expression sensitivity and reliability of elF4E in margins was higher than @entity1495 . elF4E is a sensitive marker in growth, infiltration and @entity3 of supraglottic and @entity189 .

title: [Expression and clinical value of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in supraglottic and @entity189 and XXXX lymph].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4236 is a @entity5 arising from the olfactory epithelium located in the upper part of the nasal cavities. Recent clinical and preclinical studies shed more light on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare malignancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed/Medline and available Polish literature. RESULTS: Molecular studies indicate basal progenitor cells of the olfactory epithelium as the origin of @entity4236 . @entity5 symptoms are related to its location and typically include: @entity1415 , @entity4838 as well as @entity19534 . @entity4236 should be differentiated from @entity2875 , @entity2828 , @entity320 , @entity706 , and pericytoma. A combination of surgery and radiotherapy seems to be the optimum approach to treatment. More aggressive treatment regimens are promising but require further studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4236 is a rare @entity5 arising from the olfactory epithelium. Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary approach to treatment is vital in the management of the @entity5 .

title: [Olfactory neuroblastoma ( XXXX ): etiopatogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment].

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma', 'esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction, olfactory and ophtalmic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity19534 :: ('MESH:D005157', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial pain']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: The @entity1 inferior colliculus (IC) is a major relay nucleus in the auditory pathway. Prenatal development of the @entity1 IC has been inadequately studied. The present study reports the morphometric development and maturation of the @entity1 IC using unbiased stereology, in 18 aborted fetuses of various gestational ages (12-29 weeks) and two babies aged 40 postnatal days (PND) and 5 months (that died of @entity260 ). It also demonstrates the functional maturation of the IC by examining the expression of @entity460 -binding proteins--parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB). There was a significant increase in the total number of neurons and glia from 18 @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ). The glia and neuron volume increased significantly from 16 @entity6677 to 22 @entity6677 , respectively. The total volume of IC also increased significantly from 18 @entity6677 onwards. On the other hand, the number and volume of undifferentiated cell bodies across all ages decreased significantly. Expression of CB was concentrated in the dorsal cortex while that of PV was mainly confined to the central nucleus of the IC, possibly indicating an early segregation of parallel processing of information in the auditory pathways. Intense staining for CB in the soma and dendrites appeared earlier than that of the PV. The morphological maturation appeared to overlap the onset of functional maturation suggesting an activity-dependent mechanism in the development of IC.

title: Stereological investigation and expression of XXXX -binding proteins in developing @entity1 inferior colliculus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['WG', 'weeks of gestation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The @entity1 inferior colliculus (IC) is a major relay nucleus in the auditory pathway. Prenatal development of the @entity1 IC has been inadequately studied. The present study reports the morphometric development and maturation of the @entity1 IC using unbiased stereology, in 18 aborted fetuses of various gestational ages (12-29 weeks) and two babies aged 40 postnatal days (PND) and 5 months (that died of @entity260 ). It also demonstrates the functional maturation of the IC by examining the expression of @entity460 -binding proteins--parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB). There was a significant increase in the total number of neurons and glia from 18 @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ). The glia and neuron volume increased significantly from 16 @entity6677 to 22 @entity6677 , respectively. The total volume of IC also increased significantly from 18 @entity6677 onwards. On the other hand, the number and volume of undifferentiated cell bodies across all ages decreased significantly. Expression of CB was concentrated in the dorsal cortex while that of PV was mainly confined to the central nucleus of the IC, possibly indicating an early segregation of parallel processing of information in the auditory pathways. Intense staining for CB in the soma and dendrites appeared earlier than that of the PV. The morphological maturation appeared to overlap the onset of functional maturation suggesting an activity-dependent mechanism in the development of IC.

title: Stereological investigation and expression of @entity460 -binding proteins in developing XXXX inferior colliculus.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECT: The widespread use of imaging techniques for evaluating nonspecific symptoms (vertigo, dizziness, memory concerns, unsteadiness, and the like) and focal @entity16 related to @entity66 has led to increased identification of asymptomatic incidentally discovered @entity438 ( @entity438 ). The management of these incidental @entity439 is controversial and many factors need to be considered. The authors describe reasons leading to diagnosis, demographics, and risk factors in a large consecutive series of @entity1 with small incidentally found @entity438 . METHODS: The authors prospectively evaluated 335 @entity1 harboring 478 small (< 10-mm) @entity438 between January 2008 and May 2011. @entity1 with known @entity439 , possibly symptomatic @entity439 , @entity2758 -related @entity439 , @entity1 with a history of @entity510 from another @entity439 , and @entity1 harboring extradural @entity439 were excluded from the analysis. Only truly incidental small @entity439 (272 @entity439 in 212 @entity1 ) were considered for the present analysis. Data regarding the reason for detection, demographics, location, and presence of potential risk factors for @entity439 formation were prospectively collected. RESULTS: There were 158 female (74.5%) and 54 male (25.5%) @entity1 whose mean age was 60.6 years (median 62 years). The most common reason for undergoing the imaging study that led to a diagnosis of the @entity439 was evaluation for nonspecific spells and symptoms related to focal @entity63 (43.4%), known/possible intracranial or neck pathology (24%), and @entity10 (16%). The most common location (27%) of the @entity439 was the middle cerebral artery; the second most common (22%) was the paraclinoid internal carotid artery (excluding cavernous @entity439 ). Sixty-nine percent of @entity1 were current or prior smokers, 60% had a diagnosis of @entity101 , and 23% had one or more relatives with a history of @entity438 with or without @entity510 . CONCLUSIONS: Small incidental @entity438 are more commonly diagnosed in elderly individuals during imaging performed to investigate ill-defined spells or focal @entity63 , or during the evaluation of known or probable unrelated intracranial/neck pathology. @entity101 , smoking, and family history of @entity439 are common in this @entity1 population, and the presence of these risk factors has important implications for treatment recommendations. Although @entity439 (excluding intracavernous @entity439 ) are uncommon in @entity1 with @entity1756 , this location is very common in @entity1 with small incidental @entity438 .

title: Small (< 10-mm) incidentally found XXXX , Part 1: reasons for detection, demographics, location, and risk factors in 212 consecutive @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular ischemia', 'cerebrovascular ischemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'sinus aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'paraclinoid aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['UIAs', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'unruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECT: The widespread use of imaging techniques for evaluating nonspecific symptoms (vertigo, dizziness, memory concerns, unsteadiness, and the like) and focal @entity16 related to @entity66 has led to increased identification of asymptomatic incidentally discovered @entity438 ( @entity438 ). The management of these incidental @entity439 is controversial and many factors need to be considered. The authors describe reasons leading to diagnosis, demographics, and risk factors in a large consecutive series of @entity1 with small incidentally found @entity438 . METHODS: The authors prospectively evaluated 335 @entity1 harboring 478 small (< 10-mm) @entity438 between January 2008 and May 2011. @entity1 with known @entity439 , possibly symptomatic @entity439 , @entity2758 -related @entity439 , @entity1 with a history of @entity510 from another @entity439 , and @entity1 harboring extradural @entity439 were excluded from the analysis. Only truly incidental small @entity439 (272 @entity439 in 212 @entity1 ) were considered for the present analysis. Data regarding the reason for detection, demographics, location, and presence of potential risk factors for @entity439 formation were prospectively collected. RESULTS: There were 158 female (74.5%) and 54 male (25.5%) @entity1 whose mean age was 60.6 years (median 62 years). The most common reason for undergoing the imaging study that led to a diagnosis of the @entity439 was evaluation for nonspecific spells and symptoms related to focal @entity63 (43.4%), known/possible intracranial or neck pathology (24%), and @entity10 (16%). The most common location (27%) of the @entity439 was the middle cerebral artery; the second most common (22%) was the paraclinoid internal carotid artery (excluding cavernous @entity439 ). Sixty-nine percent of @entity1 were current or prior smokers, 60% had a diagnosis of @entity101 , and 23% had one or more relatives with a history of @entity438 with or without @entity510 . CONCLUSIONS: Small incidental @entity438 are more commonly diagnosed in elderly individuals during imaging performed to investigate ill-defined spells or focal @entity63 , or during the evaluation of known or probable unrelated intracranial/neck pathology. @entity101 , smoking, and family history of @entity439 are common in this @entity1 population, and the presence of these risk factors has important implications for treatment recommendations. Although @entity439 (excluding intracavernous @entity439 ) are uncommon in @entity1 with @entity1756 , this location is very common in @entity1 with small incidental @entity438 .

title: Small (< 10-mm) incidentally found @entity438 , Part 1: reasons for detection, demographics, location, and risk factors in 212 consecutive XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) is a seronegative @entity625 found in up to 5 to 42% of @entity1 with @entity1569 . As current instruments do not fully capture health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in @entity5144 from the @entity1 's perspective, we piloted a novel application of "willingness-to-pay" (WTP) as a @entity1 Reported Outcome to measure the relative impact of @entity5144 in 8 domains of HR-QOL. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity5144 @entity1 were interviewed on 8 WTP HR-QOL domains (physical, emotional, sleep, work, social, self-care, intimacy, and concentration). @entity1 were asked to rank the 8 domains of health in order of HR-QOL impact. In each domain, @entity1 were asked whether @entity5144 affected that domain, whether they were willing to pay for a cure in that domain, and the amount they were willing to pay. Median WTP amounts were compared with the proportion of @entity1 affected by and willing to pay in each domain. Responses in US dollars were interpreted as strength of preference rather than absolute monetary values. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 were white (98%), > or =45 years of age (70%), insured (98%), and earned > 65,000/yr (66%). The physical domain was most affected by @entity5144 ; intimacy and concentration were ranked lowest. @entity1 reported a wide range of WTP amounts ( 0 to  1,000,000), and median WTP amounts were highest in the physical, work, sleep, and self-care domains. Related domains elicited median WTP amounts that were highly correlated. No significant differences in median WTP amounts were found across ages, genders, and income levels for the different domains. CONCLUSIONS: WTP is a novel quantitative @entity1 -perspective measure that is comprehensible and feasible to administer in @entity5144 @entity1 . It represents a unique tool for capturing the complex manifestations of @entity5144 and its impact on the individual, allowing the quantification of specific HR-QOL parameters and providing the potential for comparison across various disease processes in a given individual.

title: Willingness-to-pay stated preferences for 8 health-related quality-of-life domains in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'Psoriatic arthritis']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational sprain and @entity130 are one of the most common types of nonfatal @entity5281 and a significant source of lost workdays. This study examines factors associated with severe work-related @entity6475 to the back, shoulder, and knees. METHODS: A synthetic case-control study was performed (controls were selected from the same pool of utility workers as cases). Cases included all electric utility workers who had experienced a severe work-related @entity6475 to the back, knee, or shoulder. Primary controls were selected from all workers who had sustained a @entity130 . Secondary controls were selected from employees with a minor @entity6475 to the back, knee, or shoulder. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Workers 41 years and older were more likely to have experienced severe shoulder @entity6475 [Age 41-50: OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.71-7.65; age 51 and older: OR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.89-10.67] and severe back @entity6475 [Age 41-50: OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06-2.33; age 51 and older: OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.90-2.52]. Line workers and maintenance workers had an increased risk of serious @entity6475 . Gender and day of week were not significantly associated with @entity6475 . DISCUSSION: Though this study is limited by available data, future studies may benefit from this preliminary examination of occupational and demographic characteristics associated with serious @entity6475 among electric utility workers.

title: Factors that distinguish serious versus less severe strain and XXXX : an analysis of electric utility workers.

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['sprain/strain injuries', 'sprain/strain injury']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['minor injury', 'strain injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['sprain injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous microballoon compression (PMC) for @entity4254 is an important therapeutic method. The aim of this study was to review the effects of PMC for @entity4254 in 276 @entity1 . METHODS: From December 2000 to May 2003, 276 @entity1 with @entity4254 were treated with PMC. The course of the disease ranged from 3 months to 38 years. Under the guidance of C-arm X-ray, 14# needle was placed into the foramen ovale using the classical Hakanson's technique. Fogarty balloon catheter was navigated into the Meckel's cave tenderly. A small amount of Omnipaque was slowly injected to inflate the balloon and compress the trigeminal ganglion for 3 to 10 minutes. RESULTS: A total of 290 PMC were performed on the 276 @entity1 . Among them, 252 had immediate relief from @entity158 . The @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 18.7 months (range, 4 to 32), 14 of them had a recurrence. Of the 14 @entity1 , 12 were re-operated with PMC, and the @entity158 was all controlled successfully. CONCLUSIONS: PMC is an effective and technically simple method for @entity4254 . For older @entity1 with @entity4254 , it may be the first choice.

title: Percutaneous microballoon compression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: Brightness-modulated ultrasonography, continuous-wave Doppler, and pulsed-wave Doppler-echocardiography were used to analyze the functional morphology of the undisturbed heart of @entity16654 . In particular, the action of the muscular ridge and the @entity616 are key features to understand how patterns of blood flow emerge from structures directing blood into the various chambers of the heart. A step-by-step image analysis of echocardiographs shows that during ventricular diastole, the @entity616 the interventricular canals so that blood from the right atrium first fills the cavum venosum, and blood from the left atrium fills the cavum arteriosum. During diastole, blood from the cavum venosum crosses the muscular ridge into the cavum pulmonale. During @entity37493 closes, thus prohibiting further blood flow into the cavum pulmonale. At the same time, the @entity616 open the interventricular canal and allow blood from the cavum arteriosum to flow into the cavum venosum. In the late phase of ventricular systole, all blood from the cavum pulmonale is pressed into the pulmonary trunk; all blood from the cavum venosum is pressed into both aortas. Quantitative measures of blood flow volume showed that resting snakes bypass the pulmonary circulation and shunt about twice the blood volume into the systemic circulation as into the pulmonary circulation. When digesting, the @entity26 demand of snakes increased tremendously. This is associated with shunting more blood into the pulmonary circulation. The results of this study allow the presentation of a detailed functional model of the python heart. They are also the basis for a functional hypothesis of how shunting is achieved. Further, it was shown that shunting is an active regulation process in response to changing demands of the organism (here, @entity26 demand). Finally, the results of this study support earlier reports about a dual pressure circulation in @entity16654 .

title: Functional morphology and patterns of blood flow in the heart of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16654 :: ('51751', 'Species') :: ['ball pythons', 'Python regius']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity37493 :: ('MESH:C563247', 'Disease') :: ['middle to late systole the muscular ridge']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-ventricular valves', 'atrio-ventricular valves block']

answer: @entity16654 :: (51751,Species) :: ['Python regius']


abstract: OBJECT: Many previous studies have shown that placement of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes carries a considerable risk of @entity548 . To date, no studies have evaluated the incidence of @entity932 after removal of DBS electrodes. The authors performed a retrospective chart review to identify the incidence and trends in @entity548 after DBS electrode removal. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all DBS electrodes removed at the Cleveland Clinic between October 2000 and May 2010 was performed. All @entity1 underwent postoperative CT scanning. Each @entity1 was evaluated for age, sex, side of placement, target, duration of lead placement, reason for removal, and medical comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 78 lead removals were performed in the 10-year period (1300 leads were implanted during the same period). Of the 78 leads removed, 10 (12.8%) resulted in @entity548 seen on postoperative CT scans. The @entity548 were superficial cortical in 6 cases of lead removal (60%) and deep in 4 cases (40%). No statistically significant correlation to any of the factors evaluated was found. All @entity548 were asymptomatic. The authors' retrospective study of 78 DBS lead removals revealed a high risk of @entity932 (12.8% per lead). The risk of @entity548 during removal is significantly greater than the risk of @entity548 during implantation (2.0% per lead at the authors' center during the same period). There were more superficial @entity548 , and all @entity548 were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of DBS leads carries a significantly higher risk of @entity86 that are seen on images but are not clinically symptomatic.

title: XXXX after removal of deep brain stimulation electrodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['Intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: Recent evidence indicates that the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is involved in hippocampal plasticity. On the other hand, @entity13677 receptor activation is known to disturb some hippocampal processes involving plastic changes, such as learning and memory. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of @entity10025 , a @entity13677 receptor agonist, on the expression of PSA-NCAM protein in the dentate gyrus (DG) and @entity1251 region of the @entity35 hippocampus. It was found that at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.p. of @entity10025 , the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive (IR) cells in the DG declined in a time-dependent manner. The decrease in PSA-NCAM expression was observed at 1 and 2 days (ca. 21% and 30%, respectively), but not after 4 h and 4 days following @entity10025 administration. However, @entity10025 treatment did not change the length density of PSA-NCAM immunopositive processes in @entity1251 mossy fibers at all the time points measured. The effect observed in the DG on day 2 was blocked by @entity14513 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a @entity13677 receptor antagonist, given 30 min before @entity10025 . Neither the number of Ki-67 (IR) cells (a marker of proliferation) nor the number of doublecortin-IR cells (a marker of immature neurons) was affected by @entity10025 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment at any of the time points. An analysis of co-localization of @entity13677 receptor protein with PSA-NCAM protein revealed that both proteins were not present in the same population of neurons in the subgranular layer of the DG. The observed changes in PSA-NCAM expression were not related to the reduction of proliferation or differentiation of newly born cells, but were possible due to alternations in the synaptic activity in the DG. However, such alteration in the PSA-NCAM expression may change the timing of the functional maturation of newly born neurons. Moreover, the above finding suggests that acute activation of @entity13677 receptors may result in the stiffening of the hippocampal structure and susceptibility to plastic changes and may lead to functional impairment governed by alterations in the hippocampal structure.

title: Acute activation of XXXX cannabinoid receptors transiently decreases PSA-NCAM expression in the dentate gyrus of the @entity35 hippocampus.

answer: @entity13677 :: (25248(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CB1']


abstract: Recent evidence indicates that the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is involved in hippocampal plasticity. On the other hand, @entity13677 receptor activation is known to disturb some hippocampal processes involving plastic changes, such as learning and memory. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of @entity10025 , a @entity13677 receptor agonist, on the expression of PSA-NCAM protein in the dentate gyrus (DG) and @entity1251 region of the @entity35 hippocampus. It was found that at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.p. of @entity10025 , the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive (IR) cells in the DG declined in a time-dependent manner. The decrease in PSA-NCAM expression was observed at 1 and 2 days (ca. 21% and 30%, respectively), but not after 4 h and 4 days following @entity10025 administration. However, @entity10025 treatment did not change the length density of PSA-NCAM immunopositive processes in @entity1251 mossy fibers at all the time points measured. The effect observed in the DG on day 2 was blocked by @entity14513 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a @entity13677 receptor antagonist, given 30 min before @entity10025 . Neither the number of Ki-67 (IR) cells (a marker of proliferation) nor the number of doublecortin-IR cells (a marker of immature neurons) was affected by @entity10025 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment at any of the time points. An analysis of co-localization of @entity13677 receptor protein with PSA-NCAM protein revealed that both proteins were not present in the same population of neurons in the subgranular layer of the DG. The observed changes in PSA-NCAM expression were not related to the reduction of proliferation or differentiation of newly born cells, but were possible due to alternations in the synaptic activity in the DG. However, such alteration in the PSA-NCAM expression may change the timing of the functional maturation of newly born neurons. Moreover, the above finding suggests that acute activation of @entity13677 receptors may result in the stiffening of the hippocampal structure and susceptibility to plastic changes and may lead to functional impairment governed by alterations in the hippocampal structure.

title: Acute activation of @entity13677 cannabinoid receptors transiently decreases PSA-NCAM expression in the dentate gyrus of the XXXX hippocampus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is associated with @entity158 and discomfort, and intravenous analgesics and sedatives are widely used. There are several disadvantages regarding this practice, including risk of complications, resources demanded, and @entity2730 after sedation. In spite of promising results in previous studies, @entity3810 is rarely used at endoscopy centers around the world. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency of @entity3810 versus placebo as an analgesic during colonoscopy without sedation. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: The endoscopy unit at Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway, between June 2006 and May 2008. @entity1 : This study involved @entity1 undergoing elective colonoscopy. INTERVENTION: @entity1 inhaled @entity3810 or placebo on demand. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The @entity1 filled in a questionnaire regarding their experiences with the examination. @entity158 was graded from 1 (no @entity158 ) to 4 (severe @entity158 ). RESULTS: We recruited 199 @entity1 . We randomized 97 @entity1 to the @entity3810 group and 102 to the control group. The groups were comparable regarding demographic factors. Median @entity1 -reported @entity158 was 2 in both the @entity3810 group and the control group (interquartile range 2-3 in both groups). Additional sedatives and analgesics were given equally often and in similar doses in both groups. No side effects related to administration of @entity3810 were reported. LIMITATIONS: The questionnaire was returned by 76% of the @entity1 . The study gas was given on demand, not continuously. CONCLUSION: @entity3810 given intermittently is not an effective substitution for intravenous on-demand sedation and analgesics in the setting of colonoscopy without sedation.

title: XXXX for analgesia in colonoscopy without sedation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide', 'Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity674 are the most common @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the enormous progress made in the field of diagnostics, most often diagnosis is made during the explorative laparotomy and postoperative immunohystochemical analysis of specimen. The surgical treatment is often indicated, although scarce preoperative diagnosis causes intraoperative dilemma concerning the level of radicality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this paper we have analyzed two @entity1 with @entity356 . The first @entity1 was 59 years old male, with preoperatively diagnosed @entity694 . Intraoperatively besides the transverse @entity694 , we found intramural @entity356 . This @entity1 underwent subtotal gastrectomy and subtotal colectomy. The immunohystochemical analysis of @entity356 proves benign @entity677 . The second @entity1 was 50 year old male presented with repeated @entity548 . The endoscopic ultrasound showed intramural @entity5 of the anterior gastric wall, with a visible blood vessel @entity548 during endoscopy. After the resuscitation, we performed subtotal gastrectomy. The immunohystochemical analysis proved malignant @entity677 . DISCUSSION: In the cases with inadequate preoperative diagnoses, the level of resection procedure is based on the size of @entity5 and the presence of @entity39 and @entity548 inside the @entity5 . Tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter with signs of @entity39 and @entity548 are parameters of malignant nature of @entity677 , therefore demanding a radical surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The surgical resection is a treatment of choice for @entity674 . It has been shown that adequate surgical resection correlates with high 5-years survival rates for @entity1 with @entity356 .

title: [Gastrointerstinal XXXX of the stomach--case reports].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mesenchimal tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric GIST']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stromal tumors']