abstract: BACKGROUND: We have recently demonstrated a role for selected chemokines in a @entity35 model of @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ). We have further shown that pretreatment with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is protective. The precise cellular events regulating this model are unknown. The alveolar macrophage (AM) is a key effector cell in multiple models of @entity647 , and it likely plays a central role in @entity5721 as well. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether @entity870 functions in part by modifying the chemokine response of AMs to @entity519 and reoxygenation in vitro. METHODS: Alveola macrophages were rendered @entity519 (0.5%) for 2 hours and reoxygenated for 6 hours. The secreted chemokine content in the media was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nuclear protein was analyzed after electro-mobility shift assay. When employed, @entity870 was administered 30 minutes before @entity519 . RESULTS: Alveolar macrophages demonstrated a marked increase in the secretion of the chemokines, @entity17104 , @entity9269 , CINC, and @entity4647 , in response to @entity519 and reoxygenation. This increase was dependent on mRNA transcription and de novo protein synthesis. It was also blocked by a specific inhibitor of the nuclear translocation factor, NF-kappaB. Pretreatment with @entity870 (500 ng/mL) significantly reduced expression of chemokines and activation of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS: @entity205 attenuates the chemokine response of AMs in vitro to @entity519 and reoxygenation at the pretranscriptional level through modulation of NF-kappaB. These findings suggest the potential mechanism of action of @entity870 's protective effects in @entity5721 .

title: Regulation of chemokine expression by @entity205 in alveolar macrophages exposed to XXXX and reoxygenation.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['lung ischemia reperfusion injury', 'LIRI']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have recently demonstrated a role for selected chemokines in a @entity35 model of @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ). We have further shown that pretreatment with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is protective. The precise cellular events regulating this model are unknown. The alveolar macrophage (AM) is a key effector cell in multiple models of @entity647 , and it likely plays a central role in @entity5721 as well. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether @entity870 functions in part by modifying the chemokine response of AMs to @entity519 and reoxygenation in vitro. METHODS: Alveola macrophages were rendered @entity519 (0.5%) for 2 hours and reoxygenated for 6 hours. The secreted chemokine content in the media was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nuclear protein was analyzed after electro-mobility shift assay. When employed, @entity870 was administered 30 minutes before @entity519 . RESULTS: Alveolar macrophages demonstrated a marked increase in the secretion of the chemokines, @entity17104 , @entity9269 , CINC, and @entity4647 , in response to @entity519 and reoxygenation. This increase was dependent on mRNA transcription and de novo protein synthesis. It was also blocked by a specific inhibitor of the nuclear translocation factor, NF-kappaB. Pretreatment with @entity870 (500 ng/mL) significantly reduced expression of chemokines and activation of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS: @entity205 attenuates the chemokine response of AMs in vitro to @entity519 and reoxygenation at the pretranscriptional level through modulation of NF-kappaB. These findings suggest the potential mechanism of action of @entity870 's protective effects in @entity5721 .

title: Regulation of chemokine expression by XXXX in alveolar macrophages exposed to @entity519 and reoxygenation.

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity615 is prevalent among intercollegiate rowers. PURPOSE: We conducted a large-scale study to determine the rate of and the potential etiologic factors for clearly defined back @entity158 that developed during intercollegiate rowing. STUDY DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: Surveys from 1632 former intercollegiate rowing athletes were analyzed. These surveys concerned training methods and back @entity158 before and during intercollegiate rowing. @entity615 was defined as @entity158 that lasted at least 1 week. RESULTS: Five hundred twenty-six subjects reported that back @entity158 developed during intercollegiate rowing. Factors significantly associated with the development of back @entity158 included age at the time of the survey; history of rowing before age 16; use of a hatchet oar blade; training with free weights, @entity353 , and an ergometer; midline ergometer cable position; and ergometer training sessions longer than 30 minutes. @entity615 while in college also was associated with higher mean college weight and height. CONCLUSIONS: Intercollegiate rowers in the last 10 years covered by this study were larger, started rowing at an earlier age, trained more intensely, and developed @entity615 during college than their predecessors.

title: XXXX in intercollegiate rowers.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Back pain', 'more back pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight machines']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['Back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential role of the contrast agent gadoterate @entity1559 for digital subtraction angiography as a single diagnostic procedure or before percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of malfunctioning native dialysis @entity292 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 20-month period, 23 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , eight @entity1 ) with an age range of 42-87 years (mean, 63 years) having @entity454 and with recent hemodialysis @entity292 surgical placement underwent gadoterate-enhanced digital subtraction angiography with a digital 1024 x 1024 matrix. Opacification was performed on the forearm, arm, and chest with the @entity1 in the supine position using an injection (retrograde, n = 14; anterograde, n = 8; arterial, n = 1) of gadoterate @entity1559 into the perianastomotic @entity292 segment at a rate of 3 mL/sec for a total volume ranging from 24 to 32 mL. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in three @entity1 and required an additional 8 mL per procedure. Examinations were compared using a 3-step confidence scale and a two-radiologist agreement (Cohen's kappa statistic) for diagnostic and opacification quality. Tolerability was evaluated on the basis of serum @entity1011 levels and the development of complications. RESULTS: No @entity8 was found in the 15 @entity1 who were not treated with hemodialysis. Serum @entity1011 level change varied from -11.9% to 11.6%. All studies were of diagnostic quality. The presence of @entity850 (n = 14) or @entity715 (n = 3) in @entity2548 was shown with good interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.71-0.80) in relation to opacification quality (kappa = 0.59-0.84). No @entity2531 , or allergiclike reactions occurred. Three percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures (brachiocephalic, n = 2; radiocephalic, n = 1) were successfully performed. CONCLUSION: Gadoterate-enhanced digital subtraction angiography is an effective and safe method to assess causes of malfunction of hemodialysis @entity292 . It can also be used to plan and perform percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

title: Gadolinium-enhanced digital subtraction angiography of hemodialysis XXXX : a diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1559 :: ('MESH:D008536', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain, neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal insufficiency']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) on @entity1 with severe @entity409 in @entity35 . METHODS: One hundred and fifty three @entity1 with severe @entity99 were included in the study between April 1990 and July 2002. The @entity1 were treated with adult plasma transfusion (control), UCBT, plasma exchange (PE) and UCBT combined with PE (UCBT+PE) respectively. The therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by serial determinations of liver function, lipids and immune function in all @entity1 before and after the treatment. The model of experimental @entity1578 was constructed in SD @entity35 by injecting @entity4314 . Then, the @entity35 were given normal saline, adult plasma or neonate cord blood intraperitoneally. After detection of liver function, the @entity35 were killed and morphological changes of the liver were microscopically observed. RESULTS: UCBT group and UCBT+PE group had much better improvement in liver and immune functions than control group and PE group. The @entity1 in UCBT+PE group had the best clinical efficacy. UCBT was safe and had no side effects. The animal experiment showed significant improvements in liver function and survival rate in neonate cord blood group as compared with adult plasma group. The histopathology of @entity35 's liver indicated that neonate cord blood application could decrease the @entity99 and increase hepatocellular regeneration. CONCLUSION: UCBT demonstrated a good therapeutic effect on severe @entity99 and no obvious side effects. Umbilical cord blood can attenuate the @entity409 and reproduce hepatocyte. The treatment of UCBT combined with PE was much better than that of single plasma exchange, thus UCBT can enhance the therapeutic effect of plasma exchange on severe @entity99 .

title: Clinical and experimental study on therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood transplantation on severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'viral hepatitis and on liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['viral hepatitis']


abstract: We evaluated the resection of the papilla of Vater performed in @entity1 with @entity5 in the papilla of Vater. The subjects were 6 @entity1 who underwent resection of the papilla of Vater between January 1969 and December 2001. The @entity1 aged 57-87 years consisted of 3 males and 3 females. The maximal diameter of the @entity5 was 0.5 cm in 1 @entity1 , 1.5 cm in 3 @entity1 , and 2.0 cm in 2 @entity1 . Macroscopically, the @entity5 were of the protruded type (exposed) in 3 @entity1 , of the mixed type (predominant protruded type) in 2 @entity1 , and of the ulcerative type in 1 @entity1 . The histological depth of the @entity5 was up to the mucosa in 1 @entity1 , up to the oddi in 1 @entity1 , up to the panc0, du1 in 1 @entity1 , up to the panc1, du2 in 1 @entity1 , and unknown in 2 @entity1 . Histologically, the @entity5 were @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in 4 @entity1 and @entity420 of the well-differentiated type (tub1) in 2 @entity1 . Resection of the papilla of Vater was chosen because of high risk factors such as advanced age in 2 @entity1 , complicated severe @entity82 and confinement to bed due to poor systemic conditions after @entity1779 in 3 @entity1 , and hepatic metastasis observed during surgery in 1 @entity1 . @entity5 cells around the excised region were positive in 4 @entity1 and unknown in the remaining 2 @entity1 . Of the 6 @entity1 , 5 died within 2 years after surgery, but 1 is alive without symptoms of recurrence 7 years after surgery. The death causes were the primary disease in 3 of the 5 @entity1 . From the viewpoint of radical treatment, resection of the papilla of Vater cannot be chosen as a reduced surgery for @entity5 in the papilla of Vater. However, resection of the papilla of Vater can be applied to very elderly @entity1 and @entity1 under poor systemic conditions, for whom pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is considered excessively invasive due to a small diameter of @entity5 .

title: Evaluation of resection of the papilla of Vater for the treatment of XXXX in the papilla of Vater.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Residual cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma', 'papillotubular adenocarcinoma', 'pap-tub']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The first case of @entity8999 allograft @entity8 at the University of Maryland Renal Transplant Program was diagnosed in 1997. Since then more than 100 cases have been identified. The incidence of BKAN has increased from 1% for @entity1 transplanted in 1997 to 5.8% for @entity1 transplanted in 2001. BKAN is an important cause of premature kidney graft loss at the University of Maryland Transplant Program. One-third of the @entity1 diagnosed with BKAN since 1997 have already lost graft function, and a third of the remaining @entity1 have @entity1011 levels over 3 mg/dl. We could not determine that a specific immunosuppressive drug increased the incidence of BKAN. Older @entity1 had an increased risk of developing the disease. The histological diagnosis of BKAN was made at a mean time of 14.4 months after transplantation (range 1.2-53 months). BKAN occurred in 4.3% of all @entity1 biopsied during the period described. The diagnosis of BK allograft @entity8 was based on a combination of renal biopsy to demonstrate viral cytopathic chages, urine cytology and quantitative viral load in plasma. A threshold of >10,000 copies of @entity8999 per ml of plasma is proposed as an indication of BKAN. Following diagnosis of BKAN, @entity1 on a single immunosuppressve drug ( @entity1140 , CsA, @entity3446 or @entity2098 ) in addition to @entity229 had less graft loss and higher viral clearance in comparison to @entity1 on @entity229 and 2 immunosuppressant drugs ( @entity1140 , CsA or @entity3446 and @entity2098 ). There was no difference in the rate of acute allograft rejection among different @entity353 protocols. Three @entity1 who lost their grafts to BKAN were retransplanted. For these @entity1 there has not yet been evidence of recurrence of BKAN. After reduction of immunosuppression, the course of BKAN in most @entity1 followed one of 2 pathways: 1) Clearance of the @entity281 and disappearance of the viral cytopathic changes in biopsies and urine (20%); 2)Persistence of viral replication with continuous associated tubular damage (70%). Renal transplant @entity1 should be routinely screened with urine cytology. The presence of decoy cells in the urine is an indication for quantitative measurement of viral load in plasma. @entity1 with any evidence of BK viral reactivation should be followed closely. In @entity1 biopsied early due to persistence of @entity8999 -infected cells in urine, there is a higher rate of conversion from positive to negative urine cytology after reduction of immunosuppression.

title: @entity8999 XXXX diagnosis and treatment: experience at the University of Maryland Renal Transplant Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['immunosuppression reduction']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: The first case of @entity8999 allograft @entity8 at the University of Maryland Renal Transplant Program was diagnosed in 1997. Since then more than 100 cases have been identified. The incidence of BKAN has increased from 1% for @entity1 transplanted in 1997 to 5.8% for @entity1 transplanted in 2001. BKAN is an important cause of premature kidney graft loss at the University of Maryland Transplant Program. One-third of the @entity1 diagnosed with BKAN since 1997 have already lost graft function, and a third of the remaining @entity1 have @entity1011 levels over 3 mg/dl. We could not determine that a specific immunosuppressive drug increased the incidence of BKAN. Older @entity1 had an increased risk of developing the disease. The histological diagnosis of BKAN was made at a mean time of 14.4 months after transplantation (range 1.2-53 months). BKAN occurred in 4.3% of all @entity1 biopsied during the period described. The diagnosis of BK allograft @entity8 was based on a combination of renal biopsy to demonstrate viral cytopathic chages, urine cytology and quantitative viral load in plasma. A threshold of >10,000 copies of @entity8999 per ml of plasma is proposed as an indication of BKAN. Following diagnosis of BKAN, @entity1 on a single immunosuppressve drug ( @entity1140 , CsA, @entity3446 or @entity2098 ) in addition to @entity229 had less graft loss and higher viral clearance in comparison to @entity1 on @entity229 and 2 immunosuppressant drugs ( @entity1140 , CsA or @entity3446 and @entity2098 ). There was no difference in the rate of acute allograft rejection among different @entity353 protocols. Three @entity1 who lost their grafts to BKAN were retransplanted. For these @entity1 there has not yet been evidence of recurrence of BKAN. After reduction of immunosuppression, the course of BKAN in most @entity1 followed one of 2 pathways: 1) Clearance of the @entity281 and disappearance of the viral cytopathic changes in biopsies and urine (20%); 2)Persistence of viral replication with continuous associated tubular damage (70%). Renal transplant @entity1 should be routinely screened with urine cytology. The presence of decoy cells in the urine is an indication for quantitative measurement of viral load in plasma. @entity1 with any evidence of BK viral reactivation should be followed closely. In @entity1 biopsied early due to persistence of @entity8999 -infected cells in urine, there is a higher rate of conversion from positive to negative urine cytology after reduction of immunosuppression.

title: XXXX @entity8 diagnosis and treatment: experience at the University of Maryland Renal Transplant Program.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8999 :: (10629,Species) :: ['BK virus']


abstract: The V protein of the paramyxovirus @entity22218 ) is responsible for targeted degradation of @entity6897 and the block in alpha/beta interferon ( @entity3027 /beta) signaling that occurs after SV5 infection of @entity1 cells. We have analyzed the growth properties of a recombinant SV5 that was engineered to be defective in targeting @entity6897 degradation. A recombinant SV5 (rSV5-P/V-CPI-) was engineered to contain six naturally occurring P/V protein mutations, three of which have been shown in previous transfection experiments to disrupt the V-mediated block in @entity3027 /beta signaling. In contrast to wild-type (WT) SV5, @entity1 cells infected with rSV5-P/V-CPI- had @entity6897 levels similar to those in mock-infected cells. Cells infected with rSV5-P/V-CPI- were found to express higher-than-WT levels of viral proteins and mRNA, suggesting that the P/V mutations had disrupted the regulation of viral RNA synthesis. Despite the inability to target @entity6897 for degradation, single-step growth assays showed that the rSV5-P/V-CPI- mutant virus grew better than WT SV5 in all cell lines tested. Unexpectedly, cells infected with rSV5-P/V-CPI- but not WT SV5 showed an activation of a reporter gene that was under control of the @entity2391 promoter. The secretion of IFN from cells infected with rSV5-P/V-CPI- but not WT SV5 was confirmed by a bioassay for IFN. The rSV5-P/V-CPI- mutant grew to higher titers than did WT rSV5 at early times in multistep growth assays. However, rSV5-P/V-CPI- growth quickly reached a final plateau while WT rSV5 continued to grow and produced a final titer higher than that of rSV5-P/V-CPI- by late times postinfection. In contrast to WT rSV5, infection of a variety of cell lines with rSV5-P/V-CPI- induced cell death pathways with characteristics of apoptosis. Our results confirm a role for the SV5 V protein in blocking IFN signaling but also suggest new roles for the P/V gene products in controlling viral gene expression, the induction of @entity3027 /beta synthesis, and virus-induced apoptosis.

title: Naturally occurring substitutions in the P/V gene convert the noncytopathic paramyxovirus XXXX into a virus that induces alpha/beta interferon synthesis and cell death.

answer: @entity22218 :: (11207,Species) :: ['simian virus 5']


abstract: SETTING: Machakos District, Kenya, a rural area 50 km east of Nairobi. OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of new treatment strategies for @entity378 @entity1 , involving decentralisation of care from hospitals to peripheral health units and the community, compared to the conventional approaches to care used until October 1997. METHODS: Costs were analysed in 1998 US dollars from the perspective of health services, @entity1 , family members and the community, using standard methods. Separate analyses were undertaken for 1) new smear-positive pulmonary @entity1 and 2) new smear-negative and extrapulmonary @entity1 . Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the cost per @entity1 successfully completing treatment (smear-positive cases) and as the cost per @entity1 completing treatment (new smear-negative and extra-pulmonary cases). FINDINGS: The cost per @entity1 treated for new smear-positive @entity1 was dollars 591 with the conventional hospital-based approach to care, and dollars 209 with decentralised care. Costs fell from all perspectives, and by 65% overall. Cost-effectiveness improved by 66%. The cost per @entity1 treated for new smear-negative/extra-pulmonary @entity1 was dollars 311 with the conventional approach to care, and dollars 197 with decentralised care. Costs fell from all perspectives, and cost-effectiveness improved by 61%. CONCLUSION: There is a strong economic case for expansion of decentralisation and strengthened community-based care in Kenya. The National @entity378 and Leprosy Control Programme will require new funds for start-up training and community mobilisation costs in order to do this.

title: Cost and cost-effectiveness of increased community and primary care facility involvement in XXXX care in Machakos District, Kenya.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: @entity2321 is a @entity74 in which @entity2651 is the second most frequently occurring sign. @entity2651 is associated with lack of development of the @entity133 and results in less volume of bone for support of conventional prostheses. Minimal development of the @entity133 can affect the bone volume available for the placement of dental implants. PURPOSE: This clinical trial evaluated the survival of implants placed in individuals with a form of @entity2321 and severe @entity2651 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred sixty-four @entity702 endosteal dental implants were placed in 51 subjects: 37 males and 14 females between the ages of 8 and 68 (mean age 20.5 years, median age 16.5 years). Two hundred forty-three implants were placed in the anterior mandible, and 21 were placed in the anterior maxilla with a 2-stage surgical protocol. Either fixed-detachable dentures or bar-clip overdentures were provided. Subjects were followed up for 0 to 78 months after second-stage surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival rates and curves were produced to describe the survival of the implants for the different age groups and implant locations. Repeated-measures Cox regression models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios for age and location, with alpha=.05 as the criteria for significance. RESULTS: Of the 243 implants placed in the anterior mandible, 221 (91%) survived. Of the 21 implants placed in the anterior maxilla, 16 (76%) survived. Fourteen of the 51 (27%) subjects had a failed implant. All but 2 failures occurred before or at second-stage surgery. Implant-supported prostheses were provided for all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the results support the continued use of endosteal dental implants in this @entity1 population with appropriate precautions in the maxilla.

title: Prospective clinical trial of dental implants in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['Hypodontia', 'hypodontia']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar ridge']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary condition']

entities_list: @entity2321 :: ('MESH:D004476', 'Disease') :: ['ectodermal dysplasia', 'Ectodermal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity2321 :: (MESH:D004476,Disease) :: ['ectodermal dysplasia']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: @entity2321 is a @entity74 in which @entity2651 is the second most frequently occurring sign. @entity2651 is associated with lack of development of the @entity133 and results in less volume of bone for support of conventional prostheses. Minimal development of the @entity133 can affect the bone volume available for the placement of dental implants. PURPOSE: This clinical trial evaluated the survival of implants placed in individuals with a form of @entity2321 and severe @entity2651 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred sixty-four @entity702 endosteal dental implants were placed in 51 subjects: 37 males and 14 females between the ages of 8 and 68 (mean age 20.5 years, median age 16.5 years). Two hundred forty-three implants were placed in the anterior mandible, and 21 were placed in the anterior maxilla with a 2-stage surgical protocol. Either fixed-detachable dentures or bar-clip overdentures were provided. Subjects were followed up for 0 to 78 months after second-stage surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival rates and curves were produced to describe the survival of the implants for the different age groups and implant locations. Repeated-measures Cox regression models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios for age and location, with alpha=.05 as the criteria for significance. RESULTS: Of the 243 implants placed in the anterior mandible, 221 (91%) survived. Of the 21 implants placed in the anterior maxilla, 16 (76%) survived. Fourteen of the 51 (27%) subjects had a failed implant. All but 2 failures occurred before or at second-stage surgery. Implant-supported prostheses were provided for all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the results support the continued use of endosteal dental implants in this @entity1 population with appropriate precautions in the maxilla.

title: Prospective clinical trial of dental implants in XXXX with @entity2321 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Protein footprinting provides detailed structural information on protein structure in solution by directly identifying accessible and @entity3787 radical-reactive side chain residues. Radiolytic generation of @entity3787 radicals using millisecond pulses of a synchrotron "white" beam results in the formation of stable side chain oxidation products, which can be digested with proteases for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Liquid chromatography-coupled MS and tandem MS methods allow for the quantitation of the ratio of modified and unmodified peptides and identify the specific side chain probes that are oxidized, respectively. The ability to monitor the changes in accessibility of multiple side chain probes by monitoring increases or decreases in their oxidation rates as a function of ligand binding provides an efficient and powerful tool for analyzing protein structure and dynamics. In this study, we probe the detailed structural features of @entity19330 in its "inactive" and @entity141 -activated state. Oxidation rate data for 81 peptides derived from the trypsin digestion of @entity19330 are presented; 60 of these peptides were observed not to be oxidized, and 21 had detectable oxidation rates. We also report the @entity141 -dependent changes in oxidation for all 81 peptides. Fifty-nine remained unoxidized, five increased their oxidation rate, and two experienced protections. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the specific side chain probes responsible for the @entity141 -insensitive and @entity141 -dependent responses. These data are consistent with crystallographic data for the inactive form of @entity19330 in terms of the surface accessibility of reactive residues within the protein. The results demonstrate that radiolytic protein footprinting can provide detailed structural information on the conformational dynamics of ligand-induced structural changes, and the data provide a detailed model for @entity19330 activation.

title: Structural analysis of XXXX using synchrotron protein footprinting.

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

answer: @entity19330 :: (2934,Gene) :: ['gelsolin']


abstract: The ideal antidepressant would control @entity308 with no adverse effect on sexual function. @entity323 and other @entity250 associated with antidepressant medication treatment are problems with many antidepressants and can lead to @entity1 dissatisfaction and decreased compliance with treatment. A computerized MEDLINE search (English language, 1966-2003) was performed using the terms antidepressive agents, @entity323 , and @entity250 . Emphasis was placed on studies with specific sexual function measurements taken before and after treatment and placebo control. Mixed mediator, nonserotonergic antidepressants that block postsynaptic serotonin type 2 receptors ( @entity9021 , @entity13332 ) or that primarily increase @entity935 or @entity1063 levels ( @entity752 ) were thought to be good choices for avoiding antidepressant-associated @entity250 or for switching @entity1 in whom antidepressant-associated @entity250 emerged. Comparisons with @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) have revealed @entity458 with nonserotonergic @entity752 , less @entity409 with @entity9021 , and superior overall satisfaction with sexual functioning with @entity752 or @entity9021 . However, most of these studies have design flaws that make evidence-based claims of efficacy difficult to substantiate. Agents proposed for antidote use in antidepressant-associated @entity250 have either not been studied in @entity1 or not proved efficacious in randomized placebo-controlled trials. Switching to and augmentation with @entity752 or @entity9021 have also not clearly shown efficacy in controlled trials and require care and monitoring to avoid SRI discontinuation symptoms and loss of antidepressant efficacy. Few proposed treatment options, apart from avoidance, have proved effective for antidepressant-associated @entity250 , which can have negative consequences on @entity308 management.

title: Antidepressant-related XXXX : management via avoidance, switching antidepressants, antidotes, and adaptation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['orgasm dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['less desire and orgasm dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Although various reconstructive procedures for the eyebrow have been reported, few have proved satisfactory for large-tissue defects. The authors describe two cases of eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled @entity4438 ( @entity4438 ) after @entity5 resection. The first @entity1 was a 24-year-old @entity1 with an @entity189 of the left eyebrow. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. The second @entity1 was a 48-year-old @entity1 with @entity1490 of the left eyebrow. @entity5 resection was performed on the frontal muscle with a 5-mm surgical margin. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. Both reconstructed eyebrows have maintained their shapes well. There have been several reports of the use of a @entity4438 for eyebrow reconstruction, but none have used intermediate hair from the hairline. The authors are convinced that use of intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled @entity4438 is effective for reconstruction of the eyebrow and large defects extending to nonhairy subbrow skin.

title: Eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['temporoparietal fascial flap', 'TPF flap']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

answer: @entity4438 :: (MESH:C563219,Disease) :: ['temporoparietal fascial flap']


abstract: The functional results of standard reconstruction prostheses are impaired by instability because of poor muscular reinsertion, especially of the gluteal muscles. In 21 @entity1 , composite hip prostheses including proximal femoral allografts were used after primary @entity5 resection. Ten reconstructions used combined bone-tendon allografts that allowed reinsertion of the gluteal muscles to the allograft tendons. None of the 21 @entity1 had dislocation or @entity281 . Ten @entity1 died within 2 years of surgery without complications requiring reoperations. The mean followup in the 11 other @entity1 was 10 years. Eight @entity1 had reoperation: four for loosening (two at 3 years, two at 11 and 12 years), and four had autologous graftings for nonunion of the trochanter or of the distal graft-bone interface. Evaluation of function in the 11 @entity1 with follow-ups ranging from 4 to 15 years showed an average @entity85 Society score of 77%. Satisfactory strength of the abductor muscles was achieved by reinsertion of the trochanter or by suture of the @entity1 gluteal muscles with the combined tendon-bone allograft. At long-term, radiologically, the bony allograft showed no change in five @entity1 , very mild resorption in five, and severe resorption in one. Stem fixation was excellent in 10 @entity1 and fair in one. Comparison between the functional results of reconstruction prostheses versus composite prostheses showed a significant improvement with the composite prosthesis. In the authors' institution, at 10 years, the mechanical survival of composite prostheses was 81%, as compared with only 65% for reconstruction prostheses.

title: Long-term results of allograft composite total hip prostheses for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 (12 ankles) who had @entity3681 were followed up for an average of 5.6 years (range, 2.1-8.9 years). After disarticulation of the Chopart joint, the talus was removed and the calcaneus was cut off in the coronal plane. The heel then was rotated 90 degrees to the tibial plafond. The postoperative result was evaluated using a scoring sheet. Excellent results were seen in four feet: two in @entity1 with @entity130 , one in a @entity1 with a @entity3 , and one in a @entity1 with @entity4034 . Good results were seen in two feet: one in a @entity1 with @entity130 and one in a @entity1 with @entity6 . A fair result was seen in one foot in a @entity1 with @entity6 . Poor results were seen in four feet in three @entity1 with @entity4288 and one foot in a @entity1 with @entity6 . In @entity3681 , the leg-length discrepancy is compensated for by using the calcaneus. The @entity1 only had a @entity3656 .8 cm on average, which enabled them to walk outdoors wearing only a shoe orthosis. The postoperative results were unfavorable in @entity1 with @entity455 and were satisfying in @entity1 without @entity455 .

title: @entity3681 as an option for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg-length discrepancy of 2']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['Pirogoff ankle disarticulation']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle disarticulation']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 (12 ankles) who had @entity3681 were followed up for an average of 5.6 years (range, 2.1-8.9 years). After disarticulation of the Chopart joint, the talus was removed and the calcaneus was cut off in the coronal plane. The heel then was rotated 90 degrees to the tibial plafond. The postoperative result was evaluated using a scoring sheet. Excellent results were seen in four feet: two in @entity1 with @entity130 , one in a @entity1 with a @entity3 , and one in a @entity1 with @entity4034 . Good results were seen in two feet: one in a @entity1 with @entity130 and one in a @entity1 with @entity6 . A fair result was seen in one foot in a @entity1 with @entity6 . Poor results were seen in four feet in three @entity1 with @entity4288 and one foot in a @entity1 with @entity6 . In @entity3681 , the leg-length discrepancy is compensated for by using the calcaneus. The @entity1 only had a @entity3656 .8 cm on average, which enabled them to walk outdoors wearing only a shoe orthosis. The postoperative results were unfavorable in @entity1 with @entity455 and were satisfying in @entity1 without @entity455 .

title: XXXX as an option for @entity3681 .

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['Pirogoff ankle disarticulation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to quantify the amount of agreement among orthopaedic surgeons regarding the natural history of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee, surgery, and rehabilitation, and the treatment of these @entity1 . TYPE OF STUDY: Physician mail survey. METHODS: Orthopaedic surgeons were randomly selected from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) directory. Only individuals who treated or referred @entity1887 @entity1 for treatment within the past year were asked to complete the 3-page survey. The survey included 25 questions regarding clinical opinion. Clinical agreement was present when 80% or more of the surgeons agreed on the same response option. RESULTS: The total number of surgeons who responded to the survey was 397 (response rate, 54.8%) and the number who had treated or referred @entity1887 @entity1 in the past year was 261. Among surgeons who completed the questionnaire, the response rates to the individual questions ranged from 92% to 100%. The mean response rate for all questions was 97.4%. The mean age of the surgeons was 48.4 years, and 35.8% considered their practice to be a subspecialty in sports medicine or knee surgery. For 12 questions (48%), there was clinical disagreement among the surgeons. Surgical volume was associated with clinical opinion for 16 of 25 questions (P < or =.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant variation is seen in clinical opinion and decision-making regarding @entity130 among members of the AAOS, particularly regarding whether @entity1347 @entity1 can participate in all recreational sports activities, that ACL reconstruction reduces the rate of @entity4040 , and on the use of braces in the postoperative period. Additionally, surgeons disagreed on the effect of 4 @entity1 characteristics (age over 40, presence of @entity158 , irreparable meniscal tear, @entity130 ) on the decision to perform surgery. Areas of significant clinical uncertainty should be the focus of future research and medical education for orthopaedic surgeons who treat @entity130 .

title: Beliefs and attitudes of members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons regarding the treatment of anterior cruciate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficient']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-insufficient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ["injury involving Workers' Compensation", 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the staging of primary and recurrent @entity5 of the head and neck in comparison to routine clinical methods (physical examination, ultrasonography, computed tomography) and to investigate the effect of FDG-PET scanning on therapeutic strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the results of FDG-PET and conventional diagnostic modalities were compared with biopsy results or @entity1 outcome or both. In a period of 6 years, 78 FDG-PET studies were performed on 56 @entity1 ; 24 of them before therapy and 54 on suspicion of residual or recurrent @entity5 . The evaluation of the diagnostic results was performed separately for the primary site and the nodal sites of the neck and for @entity5 occurrence in the trunk. RESULTS: In detecting the primary site, FDG-PET results reached a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. In detecting the nodal sites, similar results of 94%, 97%, and 96% were seen, respectively. In detecting @entity5 occurrence in the trunk, results were 83%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The McNemar test did not prove any statistically significant difference between FDG-PET and the evaluated conventional methods. When used in conjunction with conventional diagnostic tests, 22% of the PET scans gave important additional information. Finally, 11% of the performed PET scans led to a change in therapeutic planning. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that FDG-PET is a reliable method to detect @entity5 in all @entity5 sites. Therefore, we recommend that FDG-PET scanning be performed routinely as a first diagnostic step in pretherapeutic staging of @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity135 .

title: Staging of @entity135 : XXXX positron emission tomography compared with physical examination and conventional imaging modalities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the staging of primary and recurrent @entity5 of the head and neck in comparison to routine clinical methods (physical examination, ultrasonography, computed tomography) and to investigate the effect of FDG-PET scanning on therapeutic strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the results of FDG-PET and conventional diagnostic modalities were compared with biopsy results or @entity1 outcome or both. In a period of 6 years, 78 FDG-PET studies were performed on 56 @entity1 ; 24 of them before therapy and 54 on suspicion of residual or recurrent @entity5 . The evaluation of the diagnostic results was performed separately for the primary site and the nodal sites of the neck and for @entity5 occurrence in the trunk. RESULTS: In detecting the primary site, FDG-PET results reached a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. In detecting the nodal sites, similar results of 94%, 97%, and 96% were seen, respectively. In detecting @entity5 occurrence in the trunk, results were 83%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The McNemar test did not prove any statistically significant difference between FDG-PET and the evaluated conventional methods. When used in conjunction with conventional diagnostic tests, 22% of the PET scans gave important additional information. Finally, 11% of the performed PET scans led to a change in therapeutic planning. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that FDG-PET is a reliable method to detect @entity5 in all @entity5 sites. Therefore, we recommend that FDG-PET scanning be performed routinely as a first diagnostic step in pretherapeutic staging of @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity135 .

title: Staging of XXXX : @entity419 positron emission tomography compared with physical examination and conventional imaging modalities.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect on @entity4404 binding to @entity6894 (CL) and in vitro @entity556 generation by plasma samples from an unselected population of @entity1 with confirmed @entity49 and matched controls. The prevalence of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) was also determined. METHODS: A total of 111 @entity1 who presented to a single emergency room with symptoms suggestive of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) disease were studied. In 34 @entity1 the diagnosis of lower limb @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and/or @entity358 ( @entity358 ) was confirmed ( @entity1211 + group). In the remaining 77 @entity1 the diagnostic workup was negative ( @entity1211 - group). Plasma samples were collected prior to the initiation of anticoagulation and examined for IgG anticardiolipin (aCL), IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (GPI), and IgG anti-prothrombin (aPT antibodies) by ELISA. In addition, the effect of individual @entity1 and control plasma samples on @entity4404 binding to CL and on in vitro @entity556 generation was determined by a competitive ELISA and a chromogenic assay, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence and levels of IgG aCL, anti- @entity9500 , and aPT antibodies were similar in the @entity1211 + and @entity1211 - groups. However, plasma samples from the @entity1211 + group caused a significant inhibition of in vitro @entity556 generation (mean +/- SD Z score: -0.66 +/- 0.97 vs 0.26 +/- 1.46; p < 0.001) and a concurrent but less impressive inhibition of @entity4404 binding to CL (mean +/- SD Z score: -2.53 +/- 1.44 vs -2.05 +/- 1.61; p = 0.123). Upon analyzing a panel of clinical and laboratory variables, only age and inhibition of @entity556 generation were significantly associated with @entity1211 . CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity854 in @entity4404 physiology may contribute to the procoagulant state in @entity1 with @entity49 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX binding to @entity6894 and @entity556 generation in an unselected population with @entity49 .

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'idiopathic venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subtle abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE disease', 'venous thromboembolic', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity4404 :: (308,Gene) :: ['annexin V']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect on @entity4404 binding to @entity6894 (CL) and in vitro @entity556 generation by plasma samples from an unselected population of @entity1 with confirmed @entity49 and matched controls. The prevalence of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) was also determined. METHODS: A total of 111 @entity1 who presented to a single emergency room with symptoms suggestive of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) disease were studied. In 34 @entity1 the diagnosis of lower limb @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and/or @entity358 ( @entity358 ) was confirmed ( @entity1211 + group). In the remaining 77 @entity1 the diagnostic workup was negative ( @entity1211 - group). Plasma samples were collected prior to the initiation of anticoagulation and examined for IgG anticardiolipin (aCL), IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (GPI), and IgG anti-prothrombin (aPT antibodies) by ELISA. In addition, the effect of individual @entity1 and control plasma samples on @entity4404 binding to CL and on in vitro @entity556 generation was determined by a competitive ELISA and a chromogenic assay, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence and levels of IgG aCL, anti- @entity9500 , and aPT antibodies were similar in the @entity1211 + and @entity1211 - groups. However, plasma samples from the @entity1211 + group caused a significant inhibition of in vitro @entity556 generation (mean +/- SD Z score: -0.66 +/- 0.97 vs 0.26 +/- 1.46; p < 0.001) and a concurrent but less impressive inhibition of @entity4404 binding to CL (mean +/- SD Z score: -2.53 +/- 1.44 vs -2.05 +/- 1.61; p = 0.123). Upon analyzing a panel of clinical and laboratory variables, only age and inhibition of @entity556 generation were significantly associated with @entity1211 . CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity854 in @entity4404 physiology may contribute to the procoagulant state in @entity1 with @entity49 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4404 binding to @entity6894 and @entity556 generation in an unselected population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect on @entity4404 binding to @entity6894 (CL) and in vitro @entity556 generation by plasma samples from an unselected population of @entity1 with confirmed @entity49 and matched controls. The prevalence of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) was also determined. METHODS: A total of 111 @entity1 who presented to a single emergency room with symptoms suggestive of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) disease were studied. In 34 @entity1 the diagnosis of lower limb @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and/or @entity358 ( @entity358 ) was confirmed ( @entity1211 + group). In the remaining 77 @entity1 the diagnostic workup was negative ( @entity1211 - group). Plasma samples were collected prior to the initiation of anticoagulation and examined for IgG anticardiolipin (aCL), IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (GPI), and IgG anti-prothrombin (aPT antibodies) by ELISA. In addition, the effect of individual @entity1 and control plasma samples on @entity4404 binding to CL and on in vitro @entity556 generation was determined by a competitive ELISA and a chromogenic assay, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence and levels of IgG aCL, anti- @entity9500 , and aPT antibodies were similar in the @entity1211 + and @entity1211 - groups. However, plasma samples from the @entity1211 + group caused a significant inhibition of in vitro @entity556 generation (mean +/- SD Z score: -0.66 +/- 0.97 vs 0.26 +/- 1.46; p < 0.001) and a concurrent but less impressive inhibition of @entity4404 binding to CL (mean +/- SD Z score: -2.53 +/- 1.44 vs -2.05 +/- 1.61; p = 0.123). Upon analyzing a panel of clinical and laboratory variables, only age and inhibition of @entity556 generation were significantly associated with @entity1211 . CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity854 in @entity4404 physiology may contribute to the procoagulant state in @entity1 with @entity49 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4404 binding to XXXX and @entity556 generation in an unselected population with @entity49 .

answer: @entity6894 :: (MESH:D002308,Chemical) :: ['cardiolipin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect on @entity4404 binding to @entity6894 (CL) and in vitro @entity556 generation by plasma samples from an unselected population of @entity1 with confirmed @entity49 and matched controls. The prevalence of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) was also determined. METHODS: A total of 111 @entity1 who presented to a single emergency room with symptoms suggestive of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) disease were studied. In 34 @entity1 the diagnosis of lower limb @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and/or @entity358 ( @entity358 ) was confirmed ( @entity1211 + group). In the remaining 77 @entity1 the diagnostic workup was negative ( @entity1211 - group). Plasma samples were collected prior to the initiation of anticoagulation and examined for IgG anticardiolipin (aCL), IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (GPI), and IgG anti-prothrombin (aPT antibodies) by ELISA. In addition, the effect of individual @entity1 and control plasma samples on @entity4404 binding to CL and on in vitro @entity556 generation was determined by a competitive ELISA and a chromogenic assay, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence and levels of IgG aCL, anti- @entity9500 , and aPT antibodies were similar in the @entity1211 + and @entity1211 - groups. However, plasma samples from the @entity1211 + group caused a significant inhibition of in vitro @entity556 generation (mean +/- SD Z score: -0.66 +/- 0.97 vs 0.26 +/- 1.46; p < 0.001) and a concurrent but less impressive inhibition of @entity4404 binding to CL (mean +/- SD Z score: -2.53 +/- 1.44 vs -2.05 +/- 1.61; p = 0.123). Upon analyzing a panel of clinical and laboratory variables, only age and inhibition of @entity556 generation were significantly associated with @entity1211 . CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity854 in @entity4404 physiology may contribute to the procoagulant state in @entity1 with @entity49 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4404 binding to @entity6894 and XXXX generation in an unselected population with @entity49 .

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the effectiveness of statins in a managed care setting. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify demographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapy-related factors associated with response to drug therapy for @entity407 among members of a managed care organization. METHODS: Claims data from a large US managed care organization from July 1, 1998, through June 30, 2000, were analyzed for adult members with continuous enrollment, >or=1 prescription drug claim, >or=2 sets of fasting low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) laboratory results, and no lipid-lowering prescription claims at any time <or=12 months before the date of the first set of LDL-C laboratory results. Relative lipid-lowering regimen efficacy categories were created based on percentage reduction in LDL-C listed in product package inserts (low, <or=30%; moderate, 31%-40%; high, >or=41%). Multiple regression and logistic regression models were developed to identify significant predictors of percentage change in LDL-C from baseline and of >or=10% reduction in LDL-C. RESULTS: A total of 6247 members met the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) age was 59.6 (12.4) years (range, 21-93 years), and 3003 individuals (48.1%) were @entity1 . Furthermore, 337 members (5.4%) received high-efficacy statins, 2633 (42.1%) received moderate-efficacy statins, 934 (15.0%) received low-efficacy statins, and 86 (1.4%) received low-efficacy lipid-lowering drugs from other therapeutic classes during the study period. Compliance with therapy was high (range, 85%-92%), and upward titration of therapy was found in only 160 members (2.6%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that receiving statin therapy compared with other lipid-lowering therapy was a significant predictor of percentage reduction in LDL-C (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with high-efficacy statin regimens, low-efficacy statin regimens (odds ratio [OR] = 0.619; 95% CI, 0.436-0.877) and low-efficacy regimens from other therapeutic classes (OR = 0.171; 95% CI, 0.099-0.295) were less effective in lowering LDL-C by >or=10%. Similar results were observed for subanalyses of subjects with @entity6 or @entity301 ( @entity301 ); individuals who received more efficacious statin regimens were more likely to reach the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goal of <or=100 mg/dL (P < 0.05 for moderate- or low-efficacy regimens vs high-efficacy statins in each model). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that improvement is needed in @entity407 management, especially in identification and use of lipid-lowering therapy in individuals at high risk for @entity301 .

title: A retrospective cohort study of correlates of response to pharmacologic therapy for XXXX in members of a managed care organization.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to evaluate axial and secondary flow structures in a wide-necked internal carotid artery-ophthalmic @entity438 , one of the most common locations for endovascular coil placement. METHODS: A clear acrylic @entity439 model was manufactured from a three-dimensional computerized tomography angiogram. Intraaneurysm blood flow analysis was conducted using an acrylic @entity439 model together with laser Doppler velocimetry and particle imaging velocimetry. The maximal axial blood flow velocities in the inflow and outflow zones at the @entity439 orifice were noted at the peak systolic phase, measuring 46.8 and 24.9% of that in the parent artery, respectively. The mean size of the inflow zone during one cardiac cycle was 44.3 +/- 9.8% (range 35.6-58.7%) the size of the axial section at the @entity439 orifice. In the lower and upper planes of the @entity439 dome, the mean size of inward and outward flow areas were 43.3 +/- 6.7% and 43.8 +/- 6.8% the size of the axial cross-sectional plane, respectively. The axial flow velocity structures were dynamically altered throughout the cardiac cycle, particularly at the @entity439 orifice. The fastest secondary flow at the opening was also noted at the peak systolic and early diastolic phases. Axial blood flow velocity was slower in the upper axial plane of the @entity439 dome than in the lower one. Conversely, the secondary flow component was faster in the upper plane. CONCLUSIONS: The side-wall @entity439 in this study did not demonstrate a simple flow pattern as was previously seen in ideally shaped experimental @entity439 in vitro and in vivo. The flow patterns of inflow and outflow zones were very difficult to predict based on the limited flow information provided on standard digital subtraction angiography, even in an @entity439 with a relatively simple dome shape.

title: Three-dimensional blood flow analysis in a wide-necked internal carotid artery-ophthalmic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1489 involving the @entity135 region are easily managed with surgical resection and local flap rotation. Occasional @entity1 present with massive neglected @entity1489 or @entity1489 that have recurred after multiple treatments. Management of these massive @entity5 may involve craniofacial resection, maxillectomy, or mandibulectomy to obtain clear margins. Reconstruction requires massive composite soft tissue replacement. We presented our experience with, to our knowledge, the largest series reported to date. DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of 43 @entity1 with massive neglected @entity1489 of the @entity135 reconstructed by means of free tissue transfer from January 1, 1992, through October 1, 2001. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral medical center. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity957 and 26 @entity1 with @entity1491 were treated. Primary sites included the cheek (n = 15), ear (n = 8), forehead (n = 5), neck (n = 4), scalp (n = 5), and nose (n = 6). Treatment involved a combination of orbital exenteration (n = 16), maxillectomy (n = 12), mandibulectomy (n = 6), auriculectomy (n = 5), craniofacial resection (n = 10), rhinectomy (n = 6), and lateral temporal bone excision (n = 5). Flaps used for reconstruction included the rectus abdominis (n = 22), latissimus dorsi (n = 11), radial forearm (n = 8), and lateral arm (n = 2). Radiotherapeutic exposure included pretreatment in 21 @entity1 and posttreatment in 15. Twelve @entity1 had undergone no previous surgeries; 15 @entity1 , 1 to 5; and 16 @entity1 , more than 5. Follow-up revealed evidence of local recurrence (n = 12), locoregional recurrence (n = 3), distant @entity3 (n = 3), and no evidence of disease (n = 25). CONCLUSIONS: Massive @entity1489 are generally associated with disfiguring, debilitating surgery and high mortality rates. We demonstrate that free tissue transfer yields acceptable survival with functional and cosmetic outcomes.

title: The role of free tissue transfer in the reconstruction of massive neglected XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer', 'skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1489 involving the @entity135 region are easily managed with surgical resection and local flap rotation. Occasional @entity1 present with massive neglected @entity1489 or @entity1489 that have recurred after multiple treatments. Management of these massive @entity5 may involve craniofacial resection, maxillectomy, or mandibulectomy to obtain clear margins. Reconstruction requires massive composite soft tissue replacement. We presented our experience with, to our knowledge, the largest series reported to date. DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of 43 @entity1 with massive neglected @entity1489 of the @entity135 reconstructed by means of free tissue transfer from January 1, 1992, through October 1, 2001. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral medical center. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity957 and 26 @entity1 with @entity1491 were treated. Primary sites included the cheek (n = 15), ear (n = 8), forehead (n = 5), neck (n = 4), scalp (n = 5), and nose (n = 6). Treatment involved a combination of orbital exenteration (n = 16), maxillectomy (n = 12), mandibulectomy (n = 6), auriculectomy (n = 5), craniofacial resection (n = 10), rhinectomy (n = 6), and lateral temporal bone excision (n = 5). Flaps used for reconstruction included the rectus abdominis (n = 22), latissimus dorsi (n = 11), radial forearm (n = 8), and lateral arm (n = 2). Radiotherapeutic exposure included pretreatment in 21 @entity1 and posttreatment in 15. Twelve @entity1 had undergone no previous surgeries; 15 @entity1 , 1 to 5; and 16 @entity1 , more than 5. Follow-up revealed evidence of local recurrence (n = 12), locoregional recurrence (n = 3), distant @entity3 (n = 3), and no evidence of disease (n = 25). CONCLUSIONS: Massive @entity1489 are generally associated with disfiguring, debilitating surgery and high mortality rates. We demonstrate that free tissue transfer yields acceptable survival with functional and cosmetic outcomes.

title: The role of free tissue transfer in the reconstruction of massive neglected @entity1489 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasmus nutans and @entity24147 share clinical characteristics. However, their development in a @entity1 with @entity15405 has not been previously described. OBJECTIVE: To report @entity739 and @entity24147 in a @entity1 with @entity15405 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 A 7-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity739 during @entity245 was referred for the evaluation of abnormal @entity1319 . RESULTS: The @entity1 had @entity73 and smooth pursuit in the horizontal plane and showed thrusting movements of the head during attempted gaze shift. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated @entity15405 , especially in the inferior portion. CONCLUSIONS: Spasmus nutans and @entity24147 may develop in @entity1 with @entity15405 . In @entity1 with @entity24147 , a history of @entity739 should be sought, and careful evaluation of the cerebellar vermis is needed during brain imaging.

title: Spasmus nutans and @entity24147 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired voluntary saccades']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['infancy and developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['spasmus nutans']

entities_list: @entity24147 :: ('MESH:C537423', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ocular motor apraxia']

entities_list: @entity15405 :: ('MESH:C562568', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar vermian hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['head and eye movements']

answer: @entity15405 :: (MESH:C562568,Disease) :: ['cerebellar vermian hypoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasmus nutans and @entity24147 share clinical characteristics. However, their development in a @entity1 with @entity15405 has not been previously described. OBJECTIVE: To report @entity739 and @entity24147 in a @entity1 with @entity15405 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 A 7-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity739 during @entity245 was referred for the evaluation of abnormal @entity1319 . RESULTS: The @entity1 had @entity73 and smooth pursuit in the horizontal plane and showed thrusting movements of the head during attempted gaze shift. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated @entity15405 , especially in the inferior portion. CONCLUSIONS: Spasmus nutans and @entity24147 may develop in @entity1 with @entity15405 . In @entity1 with @entity24147 , a history of @entity739 should be sought, and careful evaluation of the cerebellar vermis is needed during brain imaging.

title: Spasmus nutans and XXXX with @entity15405 .

answer: @entity24147 :: (MESH:C537423,Disease) :: ['congenital ocular motor apraxia']


abstract: The 26 S proteasome is a multisubunit protease complex responsible for degrading a wide range of intracellular proteins in eukaryotes, especially those modified with polyubiquitin chains. It is composed of a self-compartmentalized @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ) that houses the peptidase active sites appended on either or both ends by a regulatory particle (RP) that identifies appropriate substrates and translocates them into the lumen of the @entity12740 for breakdown. Here, we describe the molecular and biochemical properties of the 26 S proteasome from the plant @entity958 . Like the @entity12740 and the ATPase ring of the RP, the RP non-ATPase subunits are often encoded by two transcriptionally active genes with some pairs displaying sufficient sequence divergence to suggest functional differences. Most RPN subunits could functionally replace their @entity375 counterparts, implying that they have retained their positions and activities within the complex. A method was developed to purify the 26 S proteasome intact from whole @entity958 seedlings. These preparations are biochemically indistinguishable from those from @entity375 and mammals, including the need for ATP to maintain integrity and a strong sensitivity to the inhibitors @entity16627 , @entity16626 , @entity16628 , and @entity6395 . Mass spectrometric analysis of the complex detected the presence of almost all @entity12740 and RP subunits. In many cases, both products of paralogous genes were detected, demonstrating that each isoform assembles into the mature particle. As with the @entity375 and animal 26 S proteasomes, attenuation of individual RP genes induces a coordinated up-regulation of many of the other 26 S proteasome genes, suggesting that plants contain a negative feedback mechanism to regulate the 26 S proteasome levels. The incorporation of paralogous subunits into the @entity958 holoprotease raises the intriguing possibility that plants synthesize multiple 26 S proteasome types with unique properties and/or target specificities.

title: Purification of the XXXX 26 S proteasome: biochemical and molecular analyses revealed the presence of multiple isoforms.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity6395 :: ('MESH:C078846', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxomicin']

entities_list: @entity12740 :: ('MESH:D020512', 'Disease') :: ['core protease', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity16628 :: ('MESH:C067713', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: In @entity326 , reversible @entity299 starts within 24 h. @entity296 factors are thought to cause @entity409 , resulting in alterations of intrinsic cardiac function. @entity842 is a @entity296 factor candidate. Here we identify endotoxin-induced @entity2401 (EIM) a previously uncharacterized pathophysiological entity. Features of EIM include differential patterns of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) mRNA induction in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles during the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and the presence of @entity2401 with focal areas of @entity39 in the RV 24 h after @entity1850 induction. Even though clinical data lead to the presumption of @entity296 in @entity295 , the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not been previously elucidated. Gene expression profiling was used to test the hypothesis of differential LV and RV responses in EIM, and revealed novel patterns of qualitative and quantitative expansion of transcription. Those genes are novel targets for drug development in @entity1850 and @entity295 . Our results demonstrate spatial and temporal heterogeneity of myocardial responses in EIM. These findings justify the design of treatments to ameliorate tissue injury in the RV. Because the complexity of the inflammatory response increases substantially as time elapses, we suggest a stepwise and multitarget therapeutic approach for @entity1850 and @entity295 . Our findings can help identify innate immune pathways that could become targets for immunotherapy in the treatment of disease caused by potential bioterrorism agents.

title: Identification, characterization, and gene expression profiling of endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial depressant', 'myocardial injury', 'Myocardial depressant']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'systemic response inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['NOS2', 'inducible NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Treatments for @entity11 , the most lethal and common primary @entity1313 , are undergoing a dramatic evolution led by biological and technological advancements. This review focuses on developments in novel areas of gene therapy and immunotherapy, particularly vaccine development. RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in basic research of antigen-presenting cells and applications of cytokines and immunogenic antigens have contributed to recent vaccine development for the treatment of intracranial @entity11 . We have reviewed various vaccine designs, such as utilization of @entity5 antigen-loaded dendritic cells. Many immunotherapeutic manipulations require the use of recombinant genetic technologies. Here we present the findings on improved techniques for suicide gene therapy and various oncolytic viral therapies. Some of these constructs have induced an immune response at @entity5 sites in animal models of @entity11 . SUMMARY: The intense investigation of therapies for @entity11 has made significant advances in designing diverse therapies with great potential. However, vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of universal @entity5 -specific antigens and a limited understanding of the mechanisms of @entity5 -induced immunosuppression. The success of gene therapy is limited by ineffective delivery systems and possible risk of infecting normal cells. As a result of the genetic heterogeneity of @entity11 cells and their invasive nature, future treatment approaches are likely to combine different agents in synergistic strategies that will hopefully be successful in stopping the growth and recurrence of @entity11 .

title: Advances in gene therapy and immunotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity between the identification of sub-optimal treatment based on clinical information and computer generated indicators. Indicators that are associated with sub-optimal treatment in one of the four steps of @entity565 management were assessed. DESIGN: The ability of each indicator to identify @entity1 with sub-optimal @entity565 treatment from computerised general practitioner (GP) prescription records was assessed by comparing them with the results of an individual @entity1 assessment using clinical data. SETTING: @entity102 @entity1 ( n=146) registered with 16 Dutch GPs. MAIN MEASURES: The sensitivity and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of each performance indicator was determined. RESULTS: The step-1 indicator, focusing on @entity1 not prescribed a short-acting beta-agonist, had an acceptable sensitivity (0.86), but a low @entity2286 (0.52). The two step-2 indicators, targeting under-prescription of inhaled @entity288 , had sensitivities of 0.74 and 0.37 and PPVs of 0.46 and 0.71, respectively. The step-3 indicator, which targeted under-dosing of inhaled @entity288 , had a sensitivity of 0.07 and a @entity2286 of 0.2. The fourth indicator, focusing on under-prescription of long-acting beta-agonists, could not be validated due to inadequate numbers of @entity1 with severe @entity565 in our study sample. DISCUSSION: None of the indicators investigated was considered valid for assessing prescriber performance, despite having good face and content validity. Performance indicators that have not been validated can only provide a broad-brush approach for assessing prescribing quality and should be used with extreme caution.

title: Validity of performance indicators for assessing prescribing quality: the case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13757 is recommended for complicated skin and skin-structure infections. However, information on the penetration of @entity13757 into skin is limited. Therefore, the aim of this in vivo investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetics and skin penetration of @entity13757 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Concentrations of @entity13757 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted to estimate the rate and extent of @entity13757 penetration from the systemic circulation into skin tissue. Since protein binding of @entity13757 in rat serum was 89.3%, the free maximum concentration (Cmax) and free area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-   ) for @entity8450 were calculated as follows: fCmax, @entity8450 = (1 - 0.893) * Cmax, @entity8450 , fAUC0-   , @entity8450 = (1 - 0.893) * AUC0-   , @entity8450 . RESULTS: The following values (mean    standard deviation) were obtained: 0.06  0 L/h/kg for total clearance (CLtotal), 0.44  0.06 hours for elimination-rate constant, 1.58  0.23 hours for half-life, 0.14  0.02 L/kg for steady-state volume distribution, and 2.28  0.33 hours for mean residence time. Time to Cmax was 3.0 hours for @entity8450 and skin tissue. Cmax and AUC0-    for @entity8450 were 175.8  5.1  g/mL and 811.8  31.9  g * h/mL, respectively. Cmax and AUC0-    for skin tissue were 19.1  1.7  g/mL and 113.9  21.8  g * h/mL, respectively. Furthermore, fCmax and fAUC0-    for @entity8450 were 18.8  g/mL and 86.9  g * h/mL, respectively. The degrees of skin-tissue penetration, defined as the Cmax, skin tissue/fCmax, @entity8450 ratio and AUC0-   , skin tissue/fAUC0-   , @entity8450 ratio, were 1.0 and 1.3, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity13757 exhibited good penetration into skin tissue, supporting its use for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections. However, further studies are needed in infected @entity1 in order to investigate the relationship between the antimicrobial efficacy of @entity13757 and its drug concentrations in skin tissues.

title: Pharmacokinetics and skin-tissue penetration of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['Daptomycin', 'daptomycin']

answer: @entity13757 :: (MESH:D017576,Chemical) :: ['daptomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13757 is recommended for complicated skin and skin-structure infections. However, information on the penetration of @entity13757 into skin is limited. Therefore, the aim of this in vivo investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetics and skin penetration of @entity13757 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Concentrations of @entity13757 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted to estimate the rate and extent of @entity13757 penetration from the systemic circulation into skin tissue. Since protein binding of @entity13757 in rat serum was 89.3%, the free maximum concentration (Cmax) and free area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-   ) for @entity8450 were calculated as follows: fCmax, @entity8450 = (1 - 0.893) * Cmax, @entity8450 , fAUC0-   , @entity8450 = (1 - 0.893) * AUC0-   , @entity8450 . RESULTS: The following values (mean    standard deviation) were obtained: 0.06  0 L/h/kg for total clearance (CLtotal), 0.44  0.06 hours for elimination-rate constant, 1.58  0.23 hours for half-life, 0.14  0.02 L/kg for steady-state volume distribution, and 2.28  0.33 hours for mean residence time. Time to Cmax was 3.0 hours for @entity8450 and skin tissue. Cmax and AUC0-    for @entity8450 were 175.8  5.1  g/mL and 811.8  31.9  g * h/mL, respectively. Cmax and AUC0-    for skin tissue were 19.1  1.7  g/mL and 113.9  21.8  g * h/mL, respectively. Furthermore, fCmax and fAUC0-    for @entity8450 were 18.8  g/mL and 86.9  g * h/mL, respectively. The degrees of skin-tissue penetration, defined as the Cmax, skin tissue/fCmax, @entity8450 ratio and AUC0-   , skin tissue/fAUC0-   , @entity8450 ratio, were 1.0 and 1.3, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity13757 exhibited good penetration into skin tissue, supporting its use for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections. However, further studies are needed in infected @entity1 in order to investigate the relationship between the antimicrobial efficacy of @entity13757 and its drug concentrations in skin tissues.

title: Pharmacokinetics and skin-tissue penetration of @entity13757 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A poor communication with immigrants can lead to inappropriate use of healthcare services, greater risk of misdiagnosis, and lower compliance with treatment. As precise information about communication between emergency physicians (EPs) and immigrants is lacking, we analyzed difficulties in communicating with immigrants in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and their possible associations with demographic data, geographical origin and clinical characteristics. METHODS: In an @entity341 with approximately 85 000 visits per year, a multiple-choice questionnaire was given to the EPs 4 months after discharge of each immigrant in 2011. RESULTS: Linguistic comprehension was optimal or partial in the majority of @entity1 . Significant barriers were noted in nearly one fourth of @entity1 , for only half of them compatriots who were able to translate. Linguistic barriers were mainly found in older and sicker @entity1 ; they were also frequently seen in @entity1 coming from western Africa and southern Europe. Non-linguistic barriers were perceived by EPs in a minority of @entity1 , more frequently in the elderly and frequent attenders. Factors independently associated with a poor final comprehension led to linguistic barriers, non-linguistic obstacles, the absence of intermediaries, and the presence of @entity1 's fear and hostility. The latter probably is a consequence, not the cause, of a poor comprehension. CONCLUSION: Linguistic and non-linguistic barriers, although quite infrequent, are the main factors that compromise communication with immigrants in the @entity341 , with negative effects especially on elderly and more seriously ill @entity1 as well as on physician satisfaction and appropriateness in using services.

title: Emergency physician's perception of cultural and linguistic barriers in immigrant care: results of a multiple-choice questionnaire in a large Italian urban XXXX .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An important role for oxidative stress, as a consequence of @entity302 , has been suggested. Coriandrum sativum has been shown that have antioxidant effects. Central nervous system depressant effects of C. sativum have also been reported. In this study, the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of the plants on brain tissues oxidative damages following @entity410 induced by @entity5093 ( @entity17202 ) was investigated in @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity35 were divided into five groups and treated: (1) Control (saline), (2) @entity17202 (90 mg/kg, i.p.), (3-5) three doses (100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) before @entity17202 . Latencies to the first @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and the first generalized @entity410 (GTCS) were recorded. The cortical and hippocampal tissues were then removed for biochemical measurements. RESULTS: The extract significantly increased the @entity410 and GTCS latencies (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) following @entity17202 -induced @entity410 . The @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels in both cortical and hippocampal tissues of @entity17202 group were significantly higher than those of the control animals (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with the extract prevented elevation of the @entity1865 levels (P < 0.010-P < 0.001). Following @entity17202 administration, a significant reduction in total @entity1432 groups was observed in both cortical and hippocampal tissues (P < 0.050). Pre-treatment with the 500 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant prevention of decreased in total @entity1432 concentration in the cortical tissues (P < 0.010). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of C. sativum possess significant antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities.

title: Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Coriandrum sativum on oxidative damage in @entity5093 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'minimal clonic seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ['C. sativum extract', 'CSE']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An important role for oxidative stress, as a consequence of @entity302 , has been suggested. Coriandrum sativum has been shown that have antioxidant effects. Central nervous system depressant effects of C. sativum have also been reported. In this study, the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of the plants on brain tissues oxidative damages following @entity410 induced by @entity5093 ( @entity17202 ) was investigated in @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity35 were divided into five groups and treated: (1) Control (saline), (2) @entity17202 (90 mg/kg, i.p.), (3-5) three doses (100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) before @entity17202 . Latencies to the first @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and the first generalized @entity410 (GTCS) were recorded. The cortical and hippocampal tissues were then removed for biochemical measurements. RESULTS: The extract significantly increased the @entity410 and GTCS latencies (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) following @entity17202 -induced @entity410 . The @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels in both cortical and hippocampal tissues of @entity17202 group were significantly higher than those of the control animals (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with the extract prevented elevation of the @entity1865 levels (P < 0.010-P < 0.001). Following @entity17202 administration, a significant reduction in total @entity1432 groups was observed in both cortical and hippocampal tissues (P < 0.050). Pre-treatment with the 500 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant prevention of decreased in total @entity1432 concentration in the cortical tissues (P < 0.010). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of C. sativum possess significant antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities.

title: Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Coriandrum sativum on oxidative damage in XXXX -induced @entity410 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity5093 :: (MESH:D010433,Chemical) :: ['pentylenetetrazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An important role for oxidative stress, as a consequence of @entity302 , has been suggested. Coriandrum sativum has been shown that have antioxidant effects. Central nervous system depressant effects of C. sativum have also been reported. In this study, the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of the plants on brain tissues oxidative damages following @entity410 induced by @entity5093 ( @entity17202 ) was investigated in @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity35 were divided into five groups and treated: (1) Control (saline), (2) @entity17202 (90 mg/kg, i.p.), (3-5) three doses (100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) before @entity17202 . Latencies to the first @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and the first generalized @entity410 (GTCS) were recorded. The cortical and hippocampal tissues were then removed for biochemical measurements. RESULTS: The extract significantly increased the @entity410 and GTCS latencies (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) following @entity17202 -induced @entity410 . The @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels in both cortical and hippocampal tissues of @entity17202 group were significantly higher than those of the control animals (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with the extract prevented elevation of the @entity1865 levels (P < 0.010-P < 0.001). Following @entity17202 administration, a significant reduction in total @entity1432 groups was observed in both cortical and hippocampal tissues (P < 0.050). Pre-treatment with the 500 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant prevention of decreased in total @entity1432 concentration in the cortical tissues (P < 0.010). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of C. sativum possess significant antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities.

title: Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Coriandrum sativum on oxidative damage in @entity5093 -induced @entity410 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) have @entity73 and difficulties with flexibility. It is unclear to what extent these are manifestations of an underlying @entity72 ( @entity72 ); or whether they are instead the consequence of starvation, @entity148 , low mood or @entity3119 , all of which are highly prevalent in @entity1277 . The resolution of this clinically and theoretically important uncertainty will require the use of gold-standard @entity72 assessment measures. To date these have not been employed in @entity2613 research. This case series is the first report of a well-validated, direct-observational measure of @entity72 , the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), being administered to @entity1 with @entity1277 . We aimed to learn about the feasibility of the ADOS in this population, and to contribute to debates about whether a sub-group with @entity1277 really have @entity72 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 (mean age   =   26.4  years, range   =   19 to 38  years) who had a suspected @entity72 due to social and flexibility difficulties and were receiving treatment for @entity2613 (seven @entity448 , two @entity2613 not otherwise specified, one @entity6426 ) at a specialist service (four inpatient, six outpatient) received an ADOS Module 4 assessment. RESULTS: All 10 @entity1 completed all activities of the ADOS Module 4. Five scored in the @entity72 range on the ADOS diagnostic algorithm. An additional two were judged likely to have @entity72 , even though they scored below the ADOS's diagnostic threshold. This was on the basis of clinical observation, @entity1 self-report and parent report. The seven @entity1 who we estimated to have @entity72 all reported @entity2438 prior to the onset of their @entity2613 . They commonly described longstanding non-autistic neurodevelopmental problems, including @entity5545 , @entity1742 and @entity302 . Only one had a childhood diagnosis of @entity72 . CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with @entity1277 who present with social and flexibility difficulties may have an unrecognised @entity72 , indicated by a constellation of @entity2438 that appears to predate the onset of their eating problems. The ADOS is a useful component of an @entity72 assessment for adult @entity1 with @entity2613 .

title: Do @entity1 with @entity1277 who have social and flexibility difficulties really have XXXX ? A case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['social impairments']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic difficulties']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['dyspraxia']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) have @entity73 and difficulties with flexibility. It is unclear to what extent these are manifestations of an underlying @entity72 ( @entity72 ); or whether they are instead the consequence of starvation, @entity148 , low mood or @entity3119 , all of which are highly prevalent in @entity1277 . The resolution of this clinically and theoretically important uncertainty will require the use of gold-standard @entity72 assessment measures. To date these have not been employed in @entity2613 research. This case series is the first report of a well-validated, direct-observational measure of @entity72 , the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), being administered to @entity1 with @entity1277 . We aimed to learn about the feasibility of the ADOS in this population, and to contribute to debates about whether a sub-group with @entity1277 really have @entity72 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 (mean age   =   26.4  years, range   =   19 to 38  years) who had a suspected @entity72 due to social and flexibility difficulties and were receiving treatment for @entity2613 (seven @entity448 , two @entity2613 not otherwise specified, one @entity6426 ) at a specialist service (four inpatient, six outpatient) received an ADOS Module 4 assessment. RESULTS: All 10 @entity1 completed all activities of the ADOS Module 4. Five scored in the @entity72 range on the ADOS diagnostic algorithm. An additional two were judged likely to have @entity72 , even though they scored below the ADOS's diagnostic threshold. This was on the basis of clinical observation, @entity1 self-report and parent report. The seven @entity1 who we estimated to have @entity72 all reported @entity2438 prior to the onset of their @entity2613 . They commonly described longstanding non-autistic neurodevelopmental problems, including @entity5545 , @entity1742 and @entity302 . Only one had a childhood diagnosis of @entity72 . CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with @entity1277 who present with social and flexibility difficulties may have an unrecognised @entity72 , indicated by a constellation of @entity2438 that appears to predate the onset of their eating problems. The ADOS is a useful component of an @entity72 assessment for adult @entity1 with @entity2613 .

title: Do @entity1 with XXXX who have social and flexibility difficulties really have @entity2438 ? A case series.

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']