abstract: PURPOSE: Transanal irrigation is increasingly used against chronic @entity1142 and fecal @entity322 in selected @entity1 . The aims were to estimate the incidence of irrigation-related @entity29 in @entity1 using the Peristeen Anal Irrigation(  ) system, and to explore @entity1 - and procedure-related factors associated with perforation. METHODS: External independent expert audit on the complete set of global vigilance data related to Peristeen Anal Irrigation from 2005 to 2013. RESULTS: In total, 49 reports of @entity29 had been recorded. Based on sales figures, this corresponds to an average risk of @entity29 of 6 per million procedures. The latest two-year data indicate a risk of 2 per million procedures. In 29 out of 43 evaluable cases (67  %), perforation happened within the first 8  weeks since start of treatment. After 8  weeks, long-term use has an estimated risk of less than 2 per million procedures. Among @entity1 with @entity3501 , 11 out of 15 (73  %) had a history of pelvic organ surgery compared to 5 out of 26 (19  %) in @entity3501 . In 11 of 46 (24  %) evaluable cases, burst of the rectal balloon was reported. CONCLUSION: Enema-induced perforation is a rare complication to transanal irrigation with Peristeen Anal Irrigation, which increases the benefit risk ratio in support of the further use of transanal irrigation. Increased risk is present during treatment initiation and in @entity1 with prior pelvic organ surgery. Careful @entity1 selection, @entity1 evaluation and proper training of @entity1 are critical to safe practice of this technique.

title: XXXX related to transanal irrigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3501 :: ('MESH:D055496', 'Disease') :: ['non-neurogenic bowel dysfunction', 'neurogenic bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Global audit on bowel perforations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) regulates multiple biological processes including flowering, circadian and stress response in plant. Although accumulating evidences indicate that @entity4373 is developmentally regulated, how @entity4373 responds to developmental cues is not well understood. Early fruit growth mainly characterized by active cell division and cell expansion contributes to the formation of fruit morphology and quality traits. Transcriptome profiling has revealed the coordinated complex regulation of gene expression in the process. High throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology is advancing the genome-wide analysis of @entity4373 events in plant species, but the landscape of @entity4373 in early growth fruit is still not available for @entity523 ( @entity523 ), a model plant for fleshy fruit development study. RESULTS: Using RNA-seq, we surveyed the @entity4373 patterns in @entity523 seedlings, flowers and young developing fruits and found that 59.3  % of expressed multi-exon genes underwent @entity4373 in these tissues. The predominant type of @entity4373 events is intron retention, followed by alternative splice donor and acceptor, whereas exon skipping has the lowest frequency. Although the frequencies of @entity4373 events are similar among seedlings, flowers and early growth fruits, the fruits generated more splice variants per gene. Further comparison of gene expression in early growth fruits at 2, 5 and 10  days post anthesis revealed that 5206 multi-exon genes had at least one splice variants differentially expressed during early fruit development, whereas only 1059 out of them showed differential expression at gene level. We also identified 27 multi-exon genes showing differential splicing during early fruit growth. In addition, the study discovered 2507 new transcription regions (NTRs) unlinked to the annotated chromosomal regions, from where 956 putative protein coding transcripts and 1690 putative long non-coding RNAs were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our genome-wide analysis of @entity4373 events reveals a distinctive @entity4373 pattern in early growth @entity523 fruits. The landscape of @entity4373 obtained in this study will facilitate future investigation on transcriptome complexity and @entity4373 regulation during early fruit growth in @entity523 . The newly found NTRs will also be useful for updating the @entity523 genome annotation.

title: Identification of alternative splicing events by RNA sequencing in early growth XXXX fruits.

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Alternative splicing']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Solanum lycopersicum']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The failure to rescue (FTR) rate is the probability of @entity204 after a major complication and was defined in elective surgical cohorts. In elective surgery, the precedence rate (proportion of @entity204 preceded by major complications) approaches 100%, but recent studies in @entity130 report rates of only 20-25%. We hypothesised that use of high quality data would result precedence rates in higher than those derived from national datasets, and we further sought to characterise the nature of those @entity204 not preceded by major complications. METHODS: Prospectively collected data from 2006 to 2010 from a single level I @entity130 centre were used. @entity1 age >16 years with @entity1984 >= 2 who survived beyond the @entity130 bay were included. Complications, mortality, FTR, and precedence rates were calculated. Chart abstraction was performed for registry @entity204 without recorded complications to verify the absence of complications and determine the cause of @entity204 , after which outcomes were re-calculated. RESULTS: A total of 8004 @entity1 were included (median age 41 (IQR 25-75), 71% male, 82% blunt, median ISS 10 (IQR 5-18)). Using registry data the precedence rate was 55%, with 132/293 (45%) @entity204 occurring without antecedent major complications. On chart abstraction, 11/132 (8%) @entity1 recorded in the registry as having no complication prior to @entity204 were found to have major complications. Complication and FTR rates after chart abstraction were statistically significantly different than those derived from registry data alone (complications 16.5% vs. 16.3, FTR 12.3 vs.13, p=0.001), but this difference was unlikely to be clinically meaningful. @entity1 dying without complications predominantly (87%) had neurologic causes of demise. CONCLUSIONS: Use of data with near-complete ascertainment of complications results in precedence rates much higher than those from national datasets. @entity1 dying without precedent complications at our centre largely succumbed to progression of @entity16 . Attempts to use FTR to compare quality between centres should be limited to high quality data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III. RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY: Outcomes.

title: Failure to rescue in XXXX : Coming to terms with the second term.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An association of human @entity4107 alleles with autoimmune conditions is increasingly being used for diagnostic purposes. The aim of our study was to examine whether HLA class II alleles in pediatric-onset @entity409 (pAILD) may serve as diagnostic markers and if they correlate with clinical outcome parameters. @entity1533 alleles of 76 @entity1 with pAILD ( @entity775 [ @entity775 ], @entity792 [ @entity792 ], @entity991 [ @entity991 ]) and of 50 healthy blood donors as control group were analyzed retrospectively. Diagnosis of these @entity1 was confirmed by the @entity775 score including liver histology, which has been re-evaluated by a blinded liver pathologist, and by bile duct imaging, as appropriate. Our results showed significant association of @entity1533 *03 with @entity49429 and @entity792 with 82  % specificity for @entity775 . For pAILD (excluding @entity5698 ), @entity1533 *03 homozygosity had specificity of 98  %, whereas sensitivity is low. Remission in @entity1533 *03-positive @entity1 appears to be less likely. @entity1533 *13 is significantly associated with @entity991 and also with @entity49429 . CONCLUSION: @entity1533 alleles provide supportive information for diagnostic workup in @entity1 with @entity409 , but they were not suitable for differentiation within pAILD. Their prognostic value could be helpful but needs to be evaluated further. What is Known:     @entity1533 *03 is NOT associated with pediatric @entity775 in a previous national study.     In other studies, @entity1533 *03 is associated with @entity49429 .     @entity1533 *13 is associated with @entity991 .     @entity1533 *04 is described as protective for AILD. What is New:     @entity1533 four-digit typing for all alleles and for all subgroups of pAILD combined with re-assessment of liver histology     @entity1533 *03:01 is associated with pediatric @entity49429 and @entity792 .     @entity1533 *03:01 appears to be a prognostic marker.     @entity1533 *13:01 is associated with pediatric @entity49429 in mixed ethnicity cohort.     @entity1533 *04 does not show any protective effect for pAILD.

title: Human leucocyte antigens and pediatric XXXX : diagnosis and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'autoimmune liver disease']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AISC', 'autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['autoimmune liver disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity146 , especially @entity1314 , often face low acceptance at work. This is particularly problematic when returning to work after sick leave, because it impedes reintegration into the former workplace. This study explores colleagues' reactions towards a problematic worker dependent on the returning @entity1 's reintegration strategy: The returning @entity1 undertaking changes in their behaviour is compared with the @entity1 requesting adjustments of the workplace. In an experimental study, 188 employed @entity1 read one of four vignettes that described a return-to-work-situation of a problematic co-worker. Across all vignettes, the co-worker was depicted as having previously caused problems in the work team. In the first vignette, the co-worker did not change anything (control condition) when she returned to work; in the second, she asked for workplace adjustments; in the third vignette she initiated efforts to change her own behaviour; and the fourth vignette combined both workplace adjustments and behavioural change. Study @entity1 were asked for their reactions towards the problematic co-worker. Vignettes that included a behavioural change evoked more positive reactions towards the co-worker than vignettes without any behavioural change. Asking for workplace adjustments alone did not yield more positive reactions compared to not initiating any change. When preparing employees with interactional problems for their return to work, it is not effective to only instruct them on their statutory entitlement for workplace adjustments. Instead, it is advisable to encourage them to proactively strive for behaviour changes.

title: Asking for work adjustments or initiating behavioural changes - what makes a 'problematic co-worker' score Brownie points? An experimental study on the reactions towards colleagues with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of Baimai ointment (see symbol in text) in the treatment of wrist-dysfunction after @entity174 . METHODS: From April, 2011 to June, 2012, 43 @entity1 with @entity174 were treated with plaster fixation. All the @entity1 were divided into two group: test group and control group. Twenty-one @entity1 in test group and 22 in control group, and the baseline was balance (P > 0.05). The 21 @entity1 in test group were treated with Baimai ointment (see symbol in text), fomentation, functional exercises. The 22 @entity1 in control group were treated with placebo, fomentation, functional exercises. Foment affected side wrist with wet towel in 20 min before medication, with the temperature between 50 degrees C and 60 degrees C. Smear drugs uniformly in range of 3 cm in the vicinity of palm stripes after drying (about 3 g) and take functional exercises for the activities of wrist and hand. Continuous follow the program per 8 hours once and follow-up for 8 weeks. The Wrist's @entity158 was assessed with VAS. The wrist's activities were measured with the protractor of orthopedic. Measure The grip strength was measured with dynamometer. The wrist's function were assessed with the table of Cooney. RESULTS: The test group had a significantly better results than those of control group in the extent of wrist's @entity158 throughout the treatment (P < 0.001), and grip strength on the 28th day and the 56th day (P < 0.05), and Cooney functional assessment on the 56th day (P < 0.05). Wrist's activities had no significane difference throughout the 8 weeks (P > 0.05). There were no drug adverse reactions occurred. CONCLUSION: Tibetan Baimai ointment (see symbol in text) has the treatment of wrist-dysfunction after @entity174 for external use, which can reduce the extent of wrist's @entity158 , promote grip strength recovery in the middle and late of process, promote wrist's function recovery latterly, and safety for external use.

title: [Case-control study on tibetan Baimai ointment (see symbol in text) for the treatment of wrist-dysfunction after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical characteristics of triceps brachii @entity397 at olecranon ending. METHODS: From June 2005 to November 2011,19 @entity1 with triceps brachii @entity397 at olecranon ending were treated with surgical technique. Among the 19 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 were male, with an average age of 24.1 years old (ranged, 15 to 41 years old); 12 @entity1 were female, with an average age of 51.4 years old (ranged, 16 to 73 years old). Eight @entity1 had @entity130 in the left elbows, and 11 @entity1 had @entity130 . Seventeen @entity1 had @entity130 induced by walking fall and 2 @entity1 had @entity130 induced by falling down. Thirteen @entity1 were simple triceps brachii @entity397 at olecranon ending, 6 @entity1 were associated with other @entity130 . Five @entity1 were associated with radial @entity174 ; 1 @entity1 with capitellum @entity174 ; 1 @entity1 with @entity174 ; 1 @entity1 with epitrochlear. All the lateral radiographs of the injuried elbow demenstrated the flecks of avulsed osseous material from the olecranon (flake sign). The associated @entity130 had the homologus presence. All the @entity1 were treated with surgical techniques:15 @entity1 were treated with figure-of-eight tension-band wire; figure-of-eight tension band wire and Kirschner wire in 1 @entity1 ; wire cerclage in 1 @entity1 ; nonabsorbable suture in 2 @entity1 . The associated @entity130 were treated simultaneously. Plaster was applied after operation in 2 @entity1 with heavier elbow associated @entity130 , other @entity1 without any external fixation. The Mayo elbow score were observed to determinate the function of the elbow. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, 1 @entity1 died of other disease at one year after operation, the other 18 @entity1 were followed up with an average of 47.9 months (ranged from 14 to 91 months). According to the Mayo elbow score, 16 @entity1 got an excellent result and 2 good. CONCLUSION: @entity1796 at olecranon ending is not a @entity395 , which is common in female older than fifty and in male younger then thirty. Surgical results are generally excellent. But dysfunction frequently remains in @entity1 with associated @entity130 .

title: [Clinical characteristics of triceps brachii XXXX at olecranon ending].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['coronoid process fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic rupture of triceps brachii tendon']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injuries in right elbows', 'elbow injuries']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tendon rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neurobiological underpinnings of avolition in @entity161 remain unclear. Most brain imaging research has focused on reward prediction @entity51 , but findings are not consistent. In the light of accumulating evidence that both ventral striatum and dorsal caudate play a key role in motivation, we investigated ventral striatum and dorsal caudate activation during processing of reward or loss in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activation during a Monetary Incentive Delay task in @entity1 with @entity161 , treated with second-generation antipsychotics only, and in @entity23 ( @entity23 ). We also assessed the relationships of ventral striatum and dorsal caudate activation with measures of hedonic experience and motivation. RESULTS: The whole @entity1 group had lower motivation but comparable hedonic experience and striatal activation than @entity23 . @entity1 with high avolition scores showed lower dorsal caudate activation than both @entity23 and @entity1 with low avolition scores. A lower dorsal caudate activation was also observed in @entity1 with deficit @entity161 compared to @entity23 and @entity1 with non-deficit @entity161 . Dorsal caudate activity during reward anticipation was significantly associated with avolition, but not with @entity4270 in the @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that avolition in @entity161 is linked to dorsal caudate hypoactivation.

title: Is avolition in XXXX associated with a deficit of dorsal caudate activity? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study during reward anticipation and feedback.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit and on ventral striatum dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity2479 ( @entity2479 ) and retinal blood @entity26 saturation ( @entity9734 ) in mild to moderate nonproliferative @entity6 (NPDR) and in age-matched controls. Methods: One eye of each of 15 healthy subjects (68    6 years) and 13 subjects with mild to moderate NPDR (67    10 years) was dilated. None of the @entity1 with NPDR had received treatment for their retinopathic changes or had any evidence of sight-threatening characteristics. Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography blood flow was measured using the prototype RTVue system; six separate measurements each comprising an upper and a lower nasal pupil scan were acquired. Six hyperspectral retinal measurements were acquired using a noninvasive hyperspectral retinal camera (prototype H-8.5 HR Camera). Results: Total @entity2479 was significantly lower in NPDR when compared to controls (42.7    7.5 vs. 33.0    9.2  L/min; P = 0.004). Mean retinal arterial and venular @entity9734 were higher in NPDR than in controls (94.7    2.4% vs. 92.9    1.6%, P = 0.02; 62.5    5.7% vs. 56.3    4.7%, P = 0.003). This study showed a correlation between @entity2479 and arteriolar @entity9734 in both controls (r = 0.58, P = 0.02) and NPDR (r = 0.54, P = 0.05), but no correlation between venular @entity2479 and venular @entity9734 in controls (r = 0.24, P = 0.83) or in NPDR (r = 0.23, P = 0.45). The arteriovenous difference (AV difference) was lower in the NPDR group when compared to controls (30.6    6 vs. 36.7    5.3, P = 0.008). Conclusions: This study found a lower total @entity2479 and a lower AV difference in the NPDR group, suggesting a reduced @entity26 uptake from the retina in @entity1 with relatively early @entity6 .

title: Retinal Blood Flow and Retinal Blood XXXX Saturation in Mild to Moderate @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal blood flow', 'RBF']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity2479 ( @entity2479 ) and retinal blood @entity26 saturation ( @entity9734 ) in mild to moderate nonproliferative @entity6 (NPDR) and in age-matched controls. Methods: One eye of each of 15 healthy subjects (68    6 years) and 13 subjects with mild to moderate NPDR (67    10 years) was dilated. None of the @entity1 with NPDR had received treatment for their retinopathic changes or had any evidence of sight-threatening characteristics. Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography blood flow was measured using the prototype RTVue system; six separate measurements each comprising an upper and a lower nasal pupil scan were acquired. Six hyperspectral retinal measurements were acquired using a noninvasive hyperspectral retinal camera (prototype H-8.5 HR Camera). Results: Total @entity2479 was significantly lower in NPDR when compared to controls (42.7    7.5 vs. 33.0    9.2  L/min; P = 0.004). Mean retinal arterial and venular @entity9734 were higher in NPDR than in controls (94.7    2.4% vs. 92.9    1.6%, P = 0.02; 62.5    5.7% vs. 56.3    4.7%, P = 0.003). This study showed a correlation between @entity2479 and arteriolar @entity9734 in both controls (r = 0.58, P = 0.02) and NPDR (r = 0.54, P = 0.05), but no correlation between venular @entity2479 and venular @entity9734 in controls (r = 0.24, P = 0.83) or in NPDR (r = 0.23, P = 0.45). The arteriovenous difference (AV difference) was lower in the NPDR group when compared to controls (30.6    6 vs. 36.7    5.3, P = 0.008). Conclusions: This study found a lower total @entity2479 and a lower AV difference in the NPDR group, suggesting a reduced @entity26 uptake from the retina in @entity1 with relatively early @entity6 .

title: Retinal Blood Flow and Retinal Blood @entity26 Saturation in Mild to Moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term patency is required during treatment for benign airway @entity850 . This study investigated the effectiveness of surgical airway plasty for benign airway @entity850 . METHODS: Clinical courses of 20 @entity1 , who were treated with surgical plasty for their benign airway @entity850 , were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS: Causes of @entity850 were @entity378 in 12 @entity1 , post-intubation @entity850 in five @entity1 , malacia in two @entity1 , and others in one @entity1 . 28 interventional pulmonology procedures and 20 surgical plasty were performed. Five @entity1 with post-intubation @entity850 and four @entity1 with @entity378 were treated with tracheoplasty. Eight @entity1 with @entity378 were treated with bronchoplasty, and two @entity1 with malacia were treated with stabilization of the membranous portion. @entity850 was observed in four @entity1 , and one to four additional treatments were required. Performance status, Hugh-Jones classification, and ventilatory functions were improved after surgical plasty. Outcomes were fair in @entity1 with @entity378 and malacia. However, efficacy of surgical plasty for post-intubation @entity850 was not observed. CONCLUSION: Surgical airway plasty may be an acceptable treatment for @entity378 . @entity1 with malacia recover well after surgical plasty. There may be untreated @entity1 with malacia who have the potential to benefit from surgical plasty.

title: Efficacy of Surgical Airway Plasty for Benign Airway XXXX .

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis', 'Anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous stenosis', 'tracheobronchial tuberculosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Stenosis']


abstract: Connexins (C*s) are a family of transmembrane proteins that form hemichannels and gap junctions (GJs) on the cell membranes, and transfer small signaling molecules between the cytoplasm and extracellular space and between connecting cells, respectively. Among C*s, suppressing C*43 expression or function promotes skin wound closure and granulation tissue formation, and may alleviate scarring, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Oral @entity33 is characterized by faster wound closure and scarless wound healing outcome as compared to skin wounds. Therefore, we hypothesized that C*43 function is down regulated during @entity1 gingival wound healing, which in fibroblasts promotes expression of genes conducive for fast and scarless wound healing. Cultured gingival fibroblasts expressed C*43 as their major connexin. Immunostaining of unwounded @entity1 gingiva showed that C*43 was abundantly present in the epithelium, and in connective tissue formed large C*43 plaques in fibroblasts. At the early stages of wound healing, C*43 was strongly down regulated in wound epithelial cells and fibroblasts, returning to the level of normal tissue by day 60 post-wounding. Blocking of C*43 function by C*43 mimetic peptide Gap27 suppressed GJ-mediated dye transfer, promoted migration, and caused significant changes in the expression of wound healing-associated genes in gingival fibroblasts. In particular, out of 54 genes analyzed, several MMPs and @entity2533 , involved in regulation of @entity32 and extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, and @entity7 , involved in angiogenesis, were significantly upregulated while pro-fibrotic ECM molecules, including Collagen type I, and cell contractility-related molecules were significantly down regulated. These responses involved MAPK, @entity35466 /b and @entity2533 signaling pathways, and @entity11346 and @entity3419 transcription factors. Thus, suppressed function of C*43 in fibroblasts promotes their migration, and regulates expression of wound healing-associated genes via @entity11346 , @entity3419 , MAPK, @entity35466 /b and @entity2533 signaling pathways, and may promote fast and scarless wound healing in @entity1 gingiva.

title: Expression and function of connexin 43 in XXXX gingival wound healing and fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal gingiva']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is the intraluminal excision of @entity75 with the use of instrumentation to maintain a stable pneumorectum, enabling a magnified view of the @entity75 . Despite suggested benefits over traditional transanal excision, there is no consensus on which technique is superior. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study is to use meta-analytical techniques to compare transanal endoscopic microsurgery with transanal excision. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library was performed. STUDY SELECTION: All studies comparing transanal endoscopic microsurgery with transanal excision were included. INTERVENTIONS: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery was compared with transanal excision by using random-effects methods to combine data. Data are presented as ORs with 95% CIs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcomes measured were @entity260 rate, negative microscopic margin rate, specimen fragmentation rate, and lesion recurrence. RESULTS: Six comparative series comparing outcomes following 927 local excisions were identified. There was no difference between techniques in @entity260 rate (OR, 1.018; 95% CI, 0.658-1.575; p = 0.937). Transanal endoscopic microsurgery had a higher rate of negative microscopic margins in comparison with transanal excision (OR, 5.281; 95% CI, 3.201-8.712; p < 0.001). Transanal endoscopic microsurgery had a reduced rate of specimen fragmentation (OR, 0.096; 95% CI, 0.044-0.209; p < 0.001) and lesion recurrence (OR, 0.248; 95% CI, 0.154-0.401; p < 0.001) compared with transanal excision. There was no across-study heterogeneity for any end point. LIMITATIONS: Most studies were retrospectively designed, and there were variations in @entity1 populations and duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Available data are limited because of a lack of randomized controlled trials. However, based on current evidence, transanal endoscopic microsurgery is oncologically superior to transanal excision for the excision of @entity188 .

title: Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Versus Standard Transanal Excision for the XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesions', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neoplasms']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['Removal of Rectal Neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine the incidence and severity of @entity5142 on endoscopic evaluation in a pediatric population of @entity1 with recurrent croup. (2) To determine the incidence of abnormal findings on bronchoalveolar lavage and esophageal biopsy in a pediatric population with recurrent croup. METHODS: Case series with historical chart review of clinical data for pediatric @entity1 (age  <=18 years) at a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital who underwent endoscopic evaluation of the upper aerodigestive tract with a diagnosis of recurrent croup over a ten-year period (2002-2012). @entity5142 was graded on Myer- @entity2708 scale. Lipid-laden macrophages on bronchoalveolar lavage were noted as none/small/moderate/large with evidence of reflux noted as moderate or large. Esophageal biopsy specimens were evaluated for evidence of @entity2910 . Data is expressed as mean  SEM. RESULTS: 1825 charts were reviewed of which 197 met inclusion criteria. Mean age at endoscopy was 53  3 months. @entity5142 was noted in 41 @entity1 (20.8%) with 95.1% being mild or Grade I. Abnormal findings on bronchoalveolar lavage were noted on 9.5% of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Abnormal esophageal biopsies were noted on 19.9% of specimens. @entity2910 was noted on 8.8% of biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5142 is a risk factor for recurrent croup. Evidence suggestive of reflux may be noted on bronchoalveolar lavage or esophageal biopsy, but these findings may not correlate with @entity5142 in recurrent croup @entity1 .

title: Objective endoscopic findings in XXXX with recurrent croup: 10-year retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis', 'Subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study reviews the course of all @entity1 registered at the Saskatoon Cancer Clinic between 1949 and 1951, with histologically proven @entity694 . The data were abstracted, coded and analysed by life-table methods. Follow-up was complete to @entity204 or to 1982. There were 403 @entity1 (58.3% were @entity1 ). @entity188 accounted for 51% of the total, the sigmoid colon 22% and the cecum 10%. The primary @entity5 was resected by abdominoperineal resection, hemicolectomy or segmental colectomy in 63% of the @entity1 ; colostomy alone was performed in 21%. The overall survival was 31% at 5 years, 24% at 10 years, 15% at 20 years and 7% at 30 years from diagnosis. Many of the deaths in this relatively elderly group of @entity1 were due to causes other than the @entity5 . Considering @entity5 -related causes of @entity204 only in @entity1 with resectable lesions, the cumulative probability of survival at 5, 10, 20 and 30 years was 63% +/- 4%, 54% +/- 4%, 48% +/- 4% and 47% +/- 6%, respectively (probability +/- 1 standard error), for those without @entity3329 , and 14% +/- 3%, 12% +/- 2%, 10% +/- 2% and 9% +/- 3%, respectively, for those with involved nodes. Death from the @entity5 was rare after 10 years while deaths from competing causes continued to occur, at a near constant rate, for 30 years. The data suggest that the @entity5 was eradicated in one third of all @entity1 , and in one half of @entity1 in subgroups with no @entity3329 or with shallow primary lesions.

title: XXXX and rectum: 30-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the colon or rectum']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Cancer of the colon']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Therapy of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) may result in urinary @entity460 excretion and @entity460 apposition to bones, and consequently, in calcemia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal @entity460 levels in the blood of @entity1 receiving maximized @entity712 therapy, to explore clinical and laboratory determinants of abnormal serum @entity460 levels, and to analyze the relation of abnormal @entity460 levels to prognosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 722 @entity1 with @entity712 classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III-IV at baseline (age 53   10 years, 13% of @entity1 ), who underwent @entity712 therapy optimization to maximum tolerated doses. RESULTS: After therapy maximization, the NYHA class improved in 66.7% of the @entity1 , while it did not change in 31.0% and worsened in 2.4%. @entity3747 occurred in 166 @entity1 (22.9%) and was more prevalent in @entity1 in whom the NYHA class improved. @entity2741 was diagnosed in 63 @entity1 (8.7%) and was more common in @entity1 with no functional improvement or worsening of the NYHA class. This effect was independent of age, sex, etiology of @entity712 , body mass index, kidney function, or the use of @entity7206 . @entity2741 was associated with increased catabolism, hemodynamic compromise, more @entity32 , and lower bone mineral density. Lower albumin and higher @entity3151 levels, were significant predictors of @entity2741 , @entity8 . @entity3747 was associated with reduced catabolism, higher albumin and lower @entity3151 levels, use of @entity7206 , and smoking history. Neither @entity3747 nor @entity2741 was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with a clinical response to treatment maximization in @entity1 with @entity712 . Mild @entity3747 after maximization of therapy is not associated with poorer prognosis. @entity2741 is associated with lack of response to treatment, and its prognostic value remains unclear.

title: Abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with clinical response to maximization of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia', 'Hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intensive inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['independently of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Therapy of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) may result in urinary @entity460 excretion and @entity460 apposition to bones, and consequently, in calcemia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal @entity460 levels in the blood of @entity1 receiving maximized @entity712 therapy, to explore clinical and laboratory determinants of abnormal serum @entity460 levels, and to analyze the relation of abnormal @entity460 levels to prognosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 722 @entity1 with @entity712 classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III-IV at baseline (age 53   10 years, 13% of @entity1 ), who underwent @entity712 therapy optimization to maximum tolerated doses. RESULTS: After therapy maximization, the NYHA class improved in 66.7% of the @entity1 , while it did not change in 31.0% and worsened in 2.4%. @entity3747 occurred in 166 @entity1 (22.9%) and was more prevalent in @entity1 in whom the NYHA class improved. @entity2741 was diagnosed in 63 @entity1 (8.7%) and was more common in @entity1 with no functional improvement or worsening of the NYHA class. This effect was independent of age, sex, etiology of @entity712 , body mass index, kidney function, or the use of @entity7206 . @entity2741 was associated with increased catabolism, hemodynamic compromise, more @entity32 , and lower bone mineral density. Lower albumin and higher @entity3151 levels, were significant predictors of @entity2741 , @entity8 . @entity3747 was associated with reduced catabolism, higher albumin and lower @entity3151 levels, use of @entity7206 , and smoking history. Neither @entity3747 nor @entity2741 was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with a clinical response to treatment maximization in @entity1 with @entity712 . Mild @entity3747 after maximization of therapy is not associated with poorer prognosis. @entity2741 is associated with lack of response to treatment, and its prognostic value remains unclear.

title: Abnormal serum XXXX levels are associated with clinical response to maximization of @entity712 therapy.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the management of hypersexuality caused by antiparkinsonian treatment and its psychopathological implications in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). If hypersexuality is a classic form of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) observed in @entity191 , its rate is certainly underestimated. METHODS: We have proposed to meet @entity1 with @entity191 , referred by the neurology department of Lille University Hospital, for detection or suspicion of hypersexuality, in the presence of their spouse. The session consisted of an interview conducted by our psychiatry team. This evaluation was conducted between January 1  and August 31, 2011. Nine @entity1 were referred to our service, 7  agreed to meet us, 6  of them with their spouse. RESULTS: An interview in the presence of the spouse has improved hypersexuality screening and information given to the @entity1 and his close contacts regarding the side effects of treatment, and particularly the occurrence of hypersexuality. It also highlighted the various expressions of these behavioral changes, often minimized by @entity1 , as spouses had great difficulty dealing with this. It helped them to improve verbal communication and, therefore, to be more informative concerning sexual behavior changes in connection with the treatment and its management. Finally, it has enabled improved support for secondary consequences of this @entity23 , such as guilt, jealousy or shame. Our interest has also focused on the impact of this hypersexuality on @entity1 ' families. Among the six sets partners, four had symptoms requiring specific psychiatric care: depression, suicidal intention or @entity1005 . PERSPECTIVE: Hypersexuality seems underestimated in patients receiving antiparkinsonian treatment. This underestimation is probably linked to some defense mechanisms such as denial or minimization, but also to the feelings generated by these @entity146 , such as shame or guilt. On the other hand, some @entity1 do not experience stress related behavioral changes (even though the family may complain). Systematic partner interview could be a solution to improving this screening.

title: [Hypersexuality in XXXX . Advantage of the presence of the entourage for medical assessment.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'impulse control disorder']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The effects of chronic (2 weeks) @entity3190 on the production of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) @entity412 and on VLDL particle size were examined. @entity3190 was induced by a constant sc infusion of 6 U porcine insulin/day from an osmotic minipump. To avoid profound @entity4053 , these @entity35 received chow plus 10% @entity969 in their drinking water. Therefore, two control groups were examined; one receiving chow plus the same amount of @entity969 (high @entity1735 control) and the other receiving chow only (chow control). The constant infusion model was compared to a previously reported model of @entity3190 . In that model, NPH insulin was injected for 2 weeks twice daily in incrementally increasing doses (final dose, 6 U/day) into @entity35 that were also fed chow and given 10% @entity969 drinking water. Results with the injection model were similar to those previously reported: an increase in @entity412 production in face of a decrease in FFA, a minimal decrease in serum @entity412 , and some decrease in serum @entity413 . The infusion model produced the same increase in @entity412 production and decrease in @entity844 concentration. However, it differed in producing an increase in serum @entity412 and no change in serum @entity413 . The former suggested that in the infusion model @entity412 removal was not stimulated as much as in the injection model. Since there was no @entity4053 in the infusion model, it was unlikely that VLDL changes were caused by an increase in counter regulatory hormones. VLDL particle size was increased in the high @entity1735 controls. This indicated that changes in @entity969 supplementation led to the production of more @entity412 -filled VLDL particles. @entity3190 was not accompanied by any further increase in particle size. Thus, the @entity3190 -induced increase in VLDL- @entity412 production was accompanied by an equivalent increase in VLDL particle production.

title: Changes in very low density lipoprotein particle size and production in response to @entity969 feeding and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: The effects of chronic (2 weeks) @entity3190 on the production of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) @entity412 and on VLDL particle size were examined. @entity3190 was induced by a constant sc infusion of 6 U porcine insulin/day from an osmotic minipump. To avoid profound @entity4053 , these @entity35 received chow plus 10% @entity969 in their drinking water. Therefore, two control groups were examined; one receiving chow plus the same amount of @entity969 (high @entity1735 control) and the other receiving chow only (chow control). The constant infusion model was compared to a previously reported model of @entity3190 . In that model, NPH insulin was injected for 2 weeks twice daily in incrementally increasing doses (final dose, 6 U/day) into @entity35 that were also fed chow and given 10% @entity969 drinking water. Results with the injection model were similar to those previously reported: an increase in @entity412 production in face of a decrease in FFA, a minimal decrease in serum @entity412 , and some decrease in serum @entity413 . The infusion model produced the same increase in @entity412 production and decrease in @entity844 concentration. However, it differed in producing an increase in serum @entity412 and no change in serum @entity413 . The former suggested that in the infusion model @entity412 removal was not stimulated as much as in the injection model. Since there was no @entity4053 in the infusion model, it was unlikely that VLDL changes were caused by an increase in counter regulatory hormones. VLDL particle size was increased in the high @entity1735 controls. This indicated that changes in @entity969 supplementation led to the production of more @entity412 -filled VLDL particles. @entity3190 was not accompanied by any further increase in particle size. Thus, the @entity3190 -induced increase in VLDL- @entity412 production was accompanied by an equivalent increase in VLDL particle production.

title: Changes in very low density lipoprotein particle size and production in response to XXXX feeding and @entity3190 .

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: The follow up study on @entity6331 was carried out over a 20 year period by the questionaire method. Two hundreds and seventy-nine @entity1 were analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) Sixteen cases (5.5%) died, 20 cases (6.8%) showed deterioration, 155 cases (53.1%) were unchanged, 35 cases (12.0%) were improved, 12 cases (4.1%) were announced that their @entity340 disappeared and 22 cases (7.2%) underwent cardiac surgery. The more severe the findings at the final examination under our program, the poorer the courses. 2) The cases having a severe status index showed a tendency for poor prognoses. Mitral steno-regurgitation revealed the poorest prognoses. 3) 84.3 per cent of the living cases were found to be leading normal daily lives without any restriction. 4) The average @entity204 rate was 1.0% per year during the 20 years between 1958 and 1978. The @entity204 rate for age group between 9 and 17 years old was the highest (1.34% per year). 5) The leading cause of @entity204 in every group including all the cases under our program was a recurrence of @entity4789 . However in groups older than 18 years of age chronic @entity712 and unsuccessful cardiac surgery were leading causes.

title: Follow up study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular lesions']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: Overcoming resistance to chemotherapy is an important goal in @entity5 treatment. In many systems, resistance to @entity8253 and @entity17074 correlates with a diminished intracellular content of drug. In @entity23198 and @entity8270 , an active outward transport of @entity8253 and vinca alkaloids occurs. @entity460 channel blockers, such as @entity1855 , inhibit this active outward transport and increase intracellular content of @entity5713 and @entity8253 in cells resistant to vinca alkaloids and @entity8253 , respectively. We report a phase I trial of @entity5713 (1.5 mg/m2 daily as iv continuous infusion X 5 days) in 17 @entity1 and concurrent @entity1855 in escalating doses. @entity1855 was administered as a loading dose (0.02-0.1 mg/kg) followed by a maintenance infusion (0.036-0.18 mg/kg/hour) for 5 1/2 days with continuous cardiac monitoring. There was no apparent augmentation of @entity5713 @entity137 when @entity5713 and @entity1855 were given concurrently. ECG change was the dose-limiting @entity137 . At 0.12 mg/kg/hour, five of nine @entity1 developed first-degree @entity616 (mean P-R interval, 0.32 seconds; range, 0.23-0.52 seconds). Junctional rhythms were noted in two of 17 @entity1 . Reversible nonspecific T-wave changes were seen in four of 17 @entity1 . Blood pressure and left ventricular ejection fractions (ultrasonic) were not altered. Five of 17 @entity1 had wbc count nadirs less than 2000/mm3, and two of 17 @entity1 had platelet count nadirs less than 100,000/mm3. Four @entity1 experienced @entity2359 . A mean @entity5713 concentration of 2.2 ng/ml (0.55 nM) and a mean @entity1855 concentration of 290 ng/ml (0.45 microM) were achieved with the concurrent 5-day infusion. The tolerable levels of @entity1855 obtained appear to be less than those which were reported to inhibit @entity5713 efflux in vitro. Additional in vitro experiments at the tolerable doses of @entity5713 and @entity1855 are recommended.

title: Phase I study of @entity5713 and XXXX given by concurrent iv infusion.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity17074 :: ('MESH:D014748', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites tumor']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: Overcoming resistance to chemotherapy is an important goal in @entity5 treatment. In many systems, resistance to @entity8253 and @entity17074 correlates with a diminished intracellular content of drug. In @entity23198 and @entity8270 , an active outward transport of @entity8253 and vinca alkaloids occurs. @entity460 channel blockers, such as @entity1855 , inhibit this active outward transport and increase intracellular content of @entity5713 and @entity8253 in cells resistant to vinca alkaloids and @entity8253 , respectively. We report a phase I trial of @entity5713 (1.5 mg/m2 daily as iv continuous infusion X 5 days) in 17 @entity1 and concurrent @entity1855 in escalating doses. @entity1855 was administered as a loading dose (0.02-0.1 mg/kg) followed by a maintenance infusion (0.036-0.18 mg/kg/hour) for 5 1/2 days with continuous cardiac monitoring. There was no apparent augmentation of @entity5713 @entity137 when @entity5713 and @entity1855 were given concurrently. ECG change was the dose-limiting @entity137 . At 0.12 mg/kg/hour, five of nine @entity1 developed first-degree @entity616 (mean P-R interval, 0.32 seconds; range, 0.23-0.52 seconds). Junctional rhythms were noted in two of 17 @entity1 . Reversible nonspecific T-wave changes were seen in four of 17 @entity1 . Blood pressure and left ventricular ejection fractions (ultrasonic) were not altered. Five of 17 @entity1 had wbc count nadirs less than 2000/mm3, and two of 17 @entity1 had platelet count nadirs less than 100,000/mm3. Four @entity1 experienced @entity2359 . A mean @entity5713 concentration of 2.2 ng/ml (0.55 nM) and a mean @entity1855 concentration of 290 ng/ml (0.45 microM) were achieved with the concurrent 5-day infusion. The tolerable levels of @entity1855 obtained appear to be less than those which were reported to inhibit @entity5713 efflux in vitro. Additional in vitro experiments at the tolerable doses of @entity5713 and @entity1855 are recommended.

title: Phase I study of XXXX and @entity1855 given by concurrent iv infusion.

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity1582 is the most common @entity5 of the spine and is the most common primary @entity3478 . Although spinal @entity1582 is classically a radiosensitive lesion, clinical or radiographic signs of instability merit surgical intervention. The authors present the epidemiology, surgical indications, and outcome data of a series of consecutive cases involving 31 surgically treated @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity1582 and @entity6872 of the spine (the largest such series reported to date). METHODS Surgical instability was the criterion for operative intervention in this @entity1 cohort. The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) was used to make this assessment of instability. The cases were analyzed using location of the lesion, spinal levels involved, Frankel score, adjuvant therapy, functional outcome, and @entity1 survival. RESULTS All @entity1 undergoing surgical intervention were determined to have indeterminate or gross spinal column instability according to SINS criteria. The median survival was 78.9 months. No significant difference in survival was seen for @entity1 with higher SINS scores or for older @entity1 (> 55 years). There was a statistically significant difference in survival benefit observed for @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and radiation versus radiation alone as an adjuvant to surgery (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this 10-year analysis, the authors report outcomes of surgical intervention for @entity1 with indeterminate or gross spinal instability due to @entity1582 and @entity6872 of the spine with improved neurological function following surgery and low rates of instrumentation failure.

title: Outcomes following surgical intervention for impending and gross instability caused by XXXX in the spinal column.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION:: @entity571 of the trapeziometacarpal joint, also known as the thumb carpometacarpal joint, is one of the most common anatomic sites of @entity625 in the @entity1 body. Many surgical techniques to address this problem have been developed; including, trapeziectomy with or without ligament reconstruction tendon interposition, implant arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. No methods have yet proven superior to the others, and each has associated limitations and complications. The primary complication found in the literature after arthrodesis of the trapeziometacarpal joint is nonunion; with a reported incidence in the literature as 13% (8% to 39%). METHODS:: In 2010, a new surgical technique for this procedure was published by Wolff and Duerinckx in Techniques in Hand Surgery. In summary, a V-shaped osteotomy is made at the base of the first metacarpal and, together with a matching osteotomy of the trapezium, creates a more stable fusion site. Our current research looks at a minimum of 2-year follow-up of @entity1 treated with this technique between 2004 and 2012. RESULTS:: Twenty-one @entity1 , including 3 who had bilateral procedures, have participated in the study. The average age is 62.6 years (range, 51 to 76 y) with an average follow-up of 4.6 years (range, 2 to 8 y). Sixteen are female and 5 are male, with a variety of occupations. In these @entity1 , the Quick DASH score improved 51% (49.8 to 24.2; P=0.0006), and the Quick DASH Work score improved 56% (52.8 to 23.2; P=0.0035). Nineteen of 21 @entity1 said that they wound have the procedure again. Range of motion and strength of the operated versus nonoperated thumbs were compared and showed very similar capabilities. Seventy-five percent (18 of 24) were able to lay their hand flat. There were 4 fibrous unions, resulting in an 83% complete fusion rate. There were no infections or reoperations for nonunion. CONCLUSION:: The data suggest that this procedure is a highly successful, pain-relieving, strength-preserving, reproducible arthrodesis with a nonunion rate similar to that of the published literature.

title: The Follow-up of Trapeziometacarpal Arthrodesis Using V-shaped Osteotomy for XXXX of The First Carpometacarpal Joint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Education and training can improve the quality of health care. We evaluated a course taught by Obstetrics/Gynaecology residents on the work environment and maternal/neonatal outcomes at Orotta Maternity Hospital. @entity1 were given a Standardised Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) to measure work environment before and after training. Maternal/neonatal outcomes were extracted from hospital logbooks. Neonatal quality indicators were: adverse score index, weighted score index and severity score index. SAQ response rate was 77.6% (45/58) pre-training and 95.6% (43/45) post-training. Mean total SAQ score increased from 3.07 to 3.32 out of 5 points (p < 0.05). Changes in relative risk (RR) were not statistically significant for maternal [maternal death ratio of RR (RRR) =1.08, 95% CI: 0.20-5.84 and blood transfusion RRR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74 -1.09] or neonatal outcomes (intrapartum death @entity4791 .24, 95% CI: 0.57-2.75, @entity204 RRR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.26-3.24, neonatal transfer @entity4791 .02, 95% CI: 0.81-1.27, and Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes @entity4791 .20, 95% CI: 0.83-1.73). Neonatal quality indicators did not change significantly. Utilising residents to teach staff-developed training within a hospital setting was feasible and may improve the work environment. Impact on maternal/neonatal outcomes is not evident but continued follow-up is important.

title: Continuing professional education in Eritrea taught by local obstetrics and gynaecology residents: Effects on work environment and XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) anatomy pose challenges when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is required. Deep enteroscopy-assisted ERCP can allow pancreaticobiliary intervention in these @entity1 , but with limited success. This case series describes @entity4629 ( @entity4629 ) for @entity1 following RYGB. METHODS: @entity1 with RYGB anatomy undergoing @entity4629 at a tertiary care center were included in this prospective single-arm feasibility study. All procedures were performed in two stages. First a 16-Fr percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was placed in the excluded stomach using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance. Second, ERCP was performed through the newly fashioned gastrostomy and a transcutaneous fully covered metal esophageal stent. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) with RYGB anatomy underwent @entity4629 . EUS-guided PEG placement was successful in all six @entity1 (100%). Antegrade ERCP was successful in all six @entity1 (100%) with the stages being separated by a mean of 5.8 days. The mean procedure times for the two stages were 81 minutes and 98 minutes. Two @entity1 (33%) had localized PEG site infections that were managed with oral antibiotics. There were no adverse events related to ERCP. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4629 is both feasible and safe to perform in RYGB @entity1 . Given the high success rates of our recent experience, we suspect that this technique can be performed as a one-stage procedure to provide a cost-effective, minimally invasive option for a common problem in a growing @entity1 population.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP ( XXXX ) for Roux-en-Y anatomy: a novel technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP', 'EDGE']

answer: @entity4629 :: (MESH:D051556,Disease) :: ['EDGE']


abstract: @entity11887 ( @entity11887 ) was administered to five @entity1 with @entity96 (one case of @entity157 , two of @entity189 of unknown primary, two of metastatic @entity14 ). Under fluoroscopic guidance, percutaneous hepatic venous catheters were placed in five @entity1 and percutaneous hepatic arterial catheters in four. A fifth @entity1 's hepatic arterial catheter was implanted at laparotomy. Hepatic plasma flow was estimated by the Fick principle using peripheral vein @entity3194 infusion. On the first day of treatment, @entity1 received a 2- or 4 h hepatic arterial infusion of @entity11887 (130 mg/m2); peripheral venous, hepatic arterial, and hepatic venous timed blood samples were drawn during and for 18 h after drug infusion. On the second day of treatment, 2- or 4 h peripheral vein infusion of @entity11887 (130 mg/m2) was followed by the same blood sampling schedule. @entity1 were followed weekly for @entity137 . Four @entity1 received only one course of treatment, while a fifth received two courses. All @entity1 experienced @entity1431 (median nadir 2400/mm3; range 1400-2700/mm3). Two @entity1 developed @entity221 after drug infusion. No antitumor responses were observed. Plasma @entity11887 concentrations were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analyses are reported for four @entity1 . The hepatic extraction ratio ranged from 15% to 49%, hepatic plasma clearances were 0.029-0.353 1/min/m2; peripheral vein areas under the concentration-time curve during hepatic arterial infusion ranged from 35% to 50% of peripheral vein areas under the curve during peripheral vein infusion. We conclude that hepatic arterial @entity11887 infusion offers only modest pharmacokinetic advantage to the target organ or to the systemic circulation over peripheral vein infusion.

title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic comparison of hepatic arterial and peripheral vein infusions of XXXX for @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the liver']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11887 :: ('MESH:C031404', 'Chemical') :: ['NSC-337766', 'bisantrene', 'Bisantrene']

answer: @entity11887 :: (MESH:C031404,Chemical) :: ['bisantrene']


abstract: @entity11887 ( @entity11887 ) was administered to five @entity1 with @entity96 (one case of @entity157 , two of @entity189 of unknown primary, two of metastatic @entity14 ). Under fluoroscopic guidance, percutaneous hepatic venous catheters were placed in five @entity1 and percutaneous hepatic arterial catheters in four. A fifth @entity1 's hepatic arterial catheter was implanted at laparotomy. Hepatic plasma flow was estimated by the Fick principle using peripheral vein @entity3194 infusion. On the first day of treatment, @entity1 received a 2- or 4 h hepatic arterial infusion of @entity11887 (130 mg/m2); peripheral venous, hepatic arterial, and hepatic venous timed blood samples were drawn during and for 18 h after drug infusion. On the second day of treatment, 2- or 4 h peripheral vein infusion of @entity11887 (130 mg/m2) was followed by the same blood sampling schedule. @entity1 were followed weekly for @entity137 . Four @entity1 received only one course of treatment, while a fifth received two courses. All @entity1 experienced @entity1431 (median nadir 2400/mm3; range 1400-2700/mm3). Two @entity1 developed @entity221 after drug infusion. No antitumor responses were observed. Plasma @entity11887 concentrations were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analyses are reported for four @entity1 . The hepatic extraction ratio ranged from 15% to 49%, hepatic plasma clearances were 0.029-0.353 1/min/m2; peripheral vein areas under the concentration-time curve during hepatic arterial infusion ranged from 35% to 50% of peripheral vein areas under the curve during peripheral vein infusion. We conclude that hepatic arterial @entity11887 infusion offers only modest pharmacokinetic advantage to the target organ or to the systemic circulation over peripheral vein infusion.

title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic comparison of hepatic arterial and peripheral vein infusions of @entity11887 for XXXX .

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15439 is an @entity74 characterized by @entity6391 , @entity1274 and, in some cases, @entity394 . The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and, to date, mutations in 11 genes have been described. This finding makes difficult to get a precise molecular diagnosis and offer @entity1 accurate genetic counselling. To overcome this problem and to increase our knowledge of the molecular basis of @entity15439 , we designed a targeted resequencing custom panel. In a first validation step a series of 16 Italian @entity1 with known molecular diagnosis were analysed and 31 out of 32 alleles were detected (97% of accuracy). After this step, 31 @entity1 without a molecular diagnosis were enrolled in the study. Three out of them with an uncertain Usher diagnosis were excluded. One causative allele was detected in 24 out 28 @entity1 (86%) while the presence of both causative alleles characterized 19 @entity1 out 28 (68%). Sixteen novel and 27 known alleles were found in the following genes: @entity24129 (50%), @entity30262 (7%), @entity31044 (11%), @entity20053 (7%) and @entity12269 (2%). Overall, on the 44 @entity1 the protocol was able to characterize 74 alleles out of 88 (84%). These results suggest that our panel is an effective approach for the genetic diagnosis of @entity15439 leading to: 1) an accurate molecular diagnosis, 2) better genetic counselling, 3) more precise molecular epidemiology data fundamental for future interventional plans.

title: XXXX : An effective sequencing approach to establish a genetic and clinical diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity15439 :: (MESH:D052245,Disease) :: ['Usher syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resources for research are insufficient to cover all unanswered questions, and therefore difficult choices about allocation must be made. Recently there has been a move toward more @entity1 -centered research. This study aims to evaluate approaches to research prioritization in @entity8 and describe research priorities of @entity1 with @entity8 , their caregivers, the health care providers involved in their care, and policy makers. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. SETTING _ POPULATION: Studies that elicited @entity1 , caregiver, health care provider, or policy maker priorities for research in @entity8 were included. SEARCH STRATEGY _ SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched to May 2014. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Descriptive synthesis. RESULTS: We identified 16 studies (n=2,365 @entity1 ) conducted in the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, and internationally. Only 4 (25%) studies explicitly involved @entity1 . Various priority-setting methods were used, including the Delphi technique, expert panels, consensus conference, ranking or voting surveys, focus groups, and interviews, of which the process was described in detail by 11 (69%) studies. The priority areas for research most frequently identified across studies were prevention of @entity810 , prevention of @entity740 progression, fluid and diet restrictions, improving vascular access, kidney transplant survival, access to transplantation, @entity1 education, and @entity740 . LIMITATIONS: Most studies were conducted in high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: The priorities identified by @entity8 research priority-setting exercises are broad ranging, but @entity1 involvement is uncommon and the processes often are incompletely described. Establishing research priorities using a prespecified and transparent process that engages @entity1 , caregivers, and health care providers is needed to ensure that resources are invested to answer questions that address the shared priorities in @entity8 .

title: Research priority setting in XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease', 'psychosocial impact of chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging is associated with conduit artery stiffening that is a risk factor for and can precede @entity101 and @entity67 . Increases in mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) frequency have been correlated with aging. @entity19 with a mutation in the encoding domain ( @entity46372 ) of a proof-reading deficient version of mtDNA polymerase-y ( @entity54030 ) have musculoskeletal features of @entity1240 and a shortened lifespan. However, few studies using these @entity19 have investigated the effects of mtDNA mutations on cardiovascular function. We hypothesized that the proof-reading deficient mtDNA @entity54030 leads to arterial stiffening, @entity101 , and @entity123 . Ten to twelve month-old @entity46372 @entity19 (n=13) and age- and sex-matched wild-type controls (n=13) were catheterized for hemodynamic and ventricular function measurements. Left common carotid arteries (LCCA) were harvested for mechanical tests followed by histology. Male @entity46372 @entity19 had pulmonary and systemic @entity101 , arterial stiffening, larger LCCA diameter (701  45 vs. 597  60 m), shorter LCCA axial length (8.96  0.56 vs. 10.10  0.80mm), and reduced hematocrit (29.1  6.1 vs. 41.3  8.1; all p<0.05). Male and female @entity46372 @entity19 had @entity1184 (p<0.05). Female @entity46372 @entity19 did not have significant increases in pressure or arterial stiffening, suggesting that the mechanisms of @entity101 or arterial stiffening from mtDNA mutations differ based on sex. Our results lend insight into the mechanisms of age-related @entity65 and may point to novel treatment strategies to address cardiovascular mortality in the elderly.

title: Mitochondria DNA mutations cause sex-dependent development of XXXX and alterations in cardiovascular function.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['premature aging']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity5 screening programs, performing appropriate further work-up is essential. In order to elucidate whether the further work-up for the subjects with positive screening results by sputum cytology was performed appropriately, the present study was conducted as the first large-scale thorough survey in Japan. METHODS: All of the @entity2 screening records from 2007 to 2012 in Ishikawa Prefecture were reviewed. Additional investigations about the further work-up were performed. RESULTS: In total, 2 234 984 @entity1 were invited to undergo @entity2 screening, and 494 424 @entity1 participated in the screening. Of these, 25 264 @entity1 underwent sputum cytology, and 68 positive cases were identified. Three of these 68 cases did not undergo further work-up, and another three cases had already been diagnosed to have @entity2 . Forty-five of the remaining 62 cases did not have suspicious chest shadows, and bronchoscopic examinations were performed in 36 cases. Seventeen of these 36 cases were diagnosed as having @entity5 , whereas none of the nine cases who did not receive the examination was diagnosed (P = 0.038). A bronchoscopic examination was not performed due to other medical conditions in three cases, due to the @entity1 's refusal in another three cases and in the remaining three cases, the reasons were unknown. CONCLUSION: The participation rate for further work-up was very high. However, there are some issues to be resolved regarding the transmission of information. With our new registered hospital system, the quality assurance of our screening program will be improved.

title: A survey about further work-up for cases with positive sputum cytology during @entity2 mass screening in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan: a retrospective analysis about quality assurance of XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity5 screening programs, performing appropriate further work-up is essential. In order to elucidate whether the further work-up for the subjects with positive screening results by sputum cytology was performed appropriately, the present study was conducted as the first large-scale thorough survey in Japan. METHODS: All of the @entity2 screening records from 2007 to 2012 in Ishikawa Prefecture were reviewed. Additional investigations about the further work-up were performed. RESULTS: In total, 2 234 984 @entity1 were invited to undergo @entity2 screening, and 494 424 @entity1 participated in the screening. Of these, 25 264 @entity1 underwent sputum cytology, and 68 positive cases were identified. Three of these 68 cases did not undergo further work-up, and another three cases had already been diagnosed to have @entity2 . Forty-five of the remaining 62 cases did not have suspicious chest shadows, and bronchoscopic examinations were performed in 36 cases. Seventeen of these 36 cases were diagnosed as having @entity5 , whereas none of the nine cases who did not receive the examination was diagnosed (P = 0.038). A bronchoscopic examination was not performed due to other medical conditions in three cases, due to the @entity1 's refusal in another three cases and in the remaining three cases, the reasons were unknown. CONCLUSION: The participation rate for further work-up was very high. However, there are some issues to be resolved regarding the transmission of information. With our new registered hospital system, the quality assurance of our screening program will be improved.

title: A survey about further work-up for cases with positive sputum cytology during XXXX mass screening in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan: a retrospective analysis about quality assurance of @entity2 screening.

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: In a large herd 427 @entity291 were examined for reproductive condition 26 to 34 days after calving. @entity1420 profiles were obtained from a total of over 5000 milk samples which were taken twice weekly for 4 weeks, starting at the time of examination, and again 21, 23, and 25 days later. Researchers lived on the farm during the experiment to sample @entity291 and record all data. Electronic probe measurements of cervical-vaginal mucus also were obtained. All @entity291 were inseminated artificially with frozen semen from one organization. Eleven percent of the @entity291 were not inseminated in the estrual phase as determined by substantial concentrations of @entity1420 in milk (MP), and 2% were pregnant and aborted following insemination. The MP 23 to 25 days after insemination essentially was 100% accurate in predicting nonpregnancy and was preferable to day 21. When used in conjunction with MP on the day of insemination pregnancy prediction 23 to 25 days after insemination was 84% accurate. Non-return rate 60 days after insemination was 7% higher than palpated pregnancy rate. The use of electronic probes under large herd conditions was labor intensive and did not give repeatably distinctive values at estrus.

title: The use of milk XXXX and electronic vaginal probes as aids in large dairy herd reproductive management.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standards for the detection of @entity652 during screening colonoscopy are widely used to measure examination quality. No such standards exist for sessile serrated @entity652 (SSAs). OBJECTIVE: To measure both the @entity652 detection rate (ADR) and SSA detection rate (SSADR) during screening colonoscopy before and after quality improvement/financial incentive measures. DESIGN: Retrospective determination of baseline ADR/SSADR by the endoscopist, followed by prospective collection of data after informing physicians of baseline detection rates. SETTING: Tertiary @entity5 center with a large @entity5 screening program. @entity1 : A total of 2833 average-risk @entity14 screening @entity1 50 to 75 years of age undergoing initial colonoscopy. DATA COLLECTION: Electronic medical records for indication and demographics, endoscopy report, and pathology report. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Detection rates of @entity652 and SSAs by sex. RESULTS: The overall ADR in male and female @entity1 was 50.6% and 36.6%, respectively. The overall detection rate of advanced @entity652 in male and female @entity1 was 12.4% and 6.5%, respectively. The overall SSADR in  male and female @entity1 was 10.1% and 7.1%, respectively. In 108 @entity1 (3.8% of entire group), SSAs were the only @entity75 found. Detection rates of both types of @entity1127 improved over time but did not reach statistical significance. LIMITATIONS: Single-center experience with limited sample size and small group of endoscopists. CONCLUSION: ADRs far in excess of current standards are achievable. Cecal withdrawal time is associated with the  ADR. Prevalence of SSA rivals that of advanced @entity652 and is greater than current medical literature suggests. The combination of monitoring and financial incentives did not result in statistically significant improvement in ADRs.

title: Detection rates of XXXX during screening colonoscopy: Time to revise quality standards?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant polyps']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['premalignant polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epitheliotrophic growth factors (GF) can be supplied topically to @entity1 with severe @entity2372 through a variety of blood-derived products. We compared GF content in adult peripheral blood serum (PB-S) and cord blood serum (CB-S) as potential sources of GF. To limit inter-individual variability the assessment was performed in maternal- @entity1 pairs at the time of delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The amounts of epidermal GF (EGF), insulin-like GF (IGF), transforming GF-beta ( @entity2533 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in CB units collected from the umbilical vein and PB from mothers (each group n=30) were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Obstetric characteristics and haematological data were recorded from the archives of the Emilia Romagna Cord Blood Bank. Statistical evaluations were performed by Wilcoxon's test and correlations between variables were determined using Spearman's (  ) coefficient; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: EGF, @entity2533 and @entity7 levels were significantly higher in CB-S than in PB-S (median 1,254.4 vs 646.0 pg/mL, 51.3 vs 38.4  g/mL and 686.8 vs 30 pg/mL, respectively; all p<0.0001) whereas IGF content was significantly higher in PB-S than in CB-S (159.9 vs 53.5 pg/mL, respectively; p<0.0001). In CB-S, the @entity2280 (+) cell concentration appeared to be related to EGF, IGF and @entity2533 levels whereas white blood cell count appeared to be related to EGF and @entity2533 levels. @entity7 levels showed no relation to the haematological parameters considered. Platelet counts were not related to GF level in either CB or PB. DISCUSSION: The GF content in the two blood sources was different, with CB containing larger amounts. Each GF selectively regulates cellular processes involved in @entity2687 , so the use of PB or CB should be targeted to supply specific GF on the basis of the type and severity of the @entity2372 .

title: Targeting growth factor supply in XXXX treatment: comparison between maternal peripheral blood and cord blood as sources for the preparation of topical eye drops.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial GF']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal healing']

answer: @entity2372 :: (MESH:C562399,Disease) :: ['keratopathy']


abstract: Lens membranes, purified from @entity291 lenses, have been labeled by covalent cross-linking to membrane-bound 125I-calmodulin with @entity11750 . Electrophoretic analysis in @entity3208 demonstrated two major 125I-containing products of Mr = 49 000 and 36 000. That the formation of these two components was specifically inhibited by unlabeled calmodulin, or calmodulin antagonists, would indicate that the formation of these components was calmodulin-specific. The size of these two 125I-labeled components was unchanged over a range of 125I-calmodulin or @entity11750 concentrations indicating that they represent 1:1 complexes between 125I-calmodulin (Mr = 17 000) and Mr-32 000 and Mr-19 000 lens membrane components respectively. Although formation of both cross-linked components exhibited an absolute dependence on @entity1025 , the autoradiographic intensity of these components was enhanced when @entity141 was included with Mg2+ during the cross-linking reaction. Labeling was maximal in 10 mM @entity8723 and approximately 1 microM @entity141 . Treatment of lens membranes with chymotrypsin resulted in the cleavage of @entity71413 (the major lens membrane protein), with the appearance of a major proteolytic fragment of Mr = 22 000. This proteolysis was not associated with any significant change in either the size or amount of the 125I-calmodulin-labeled membrane components. These results suggest that calmodulin interacts with two membrane proteins, but not significantly with @entity71413 , in the intact lens cell membrane. Our results indicate the need to maintain caution in interpreting direct @entity460 plus calmodulin effects on @entity71413 and lens cell junctions.

title: Identification of the calmodulin-binding components in XXXX lens plasma membranes.

entities_list: @entity11750 :: ('MESH:C011240', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for @entity14 aims for complete @entity5 resection. Optical-based techniques can identify @entity5 and surrounding tissue through the tissue specific optical properties, absorption and scattering, which are both influenced by the biochemical and morphological composition of the tissue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of dual-modality Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy-Fluorescence Spectroscopy (DRS-FS) for discrimination between healthy and malignant tissue in colorectal surgery. METHODS: Surgical specimens from @entity14 @entity1 were measured immediately after resection using a fiber-optic needle capable of dual-modality DRS-FS. Model-based analyses were used to derive scattering and absorption coefficients and intrinsic fluorescence. Volume fractions of chromophores were estimated. Furthermore, optical data were recorded along a trajectory from healthy tissue towards @entity5 . RESULTS: Spectral characteristics were identified in 1,273 measured spectra from 21 specimens. Combined DRS and FS discriminated @entity5 from surrounding tissue with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 88%. Significant spectral changes were seen along the trajectory from healthy tissue to @entity5 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that dual-modality DRS-FS can identify @entity14 from surrounding healthy tissue. The quantification of comprehensible parameters allows robust classification and facilitates extrapolation towards the clinical setting. The technique, here demonstrated in a needle like probe, can be incorporated into surgical tools for optically guided surgery in the near future. Lasers Surg. Med. 9999:XX-XX, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Differentiation of healthy and malignant tissue in colon cancer XXXX using optical spectroscopy: A tool for image-guided surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An electron microscopic analysis of @entity528 in a congenitally blind strain of @entity1573 is presented. The mutation was named rd, meaning ' @entity2000 '. Although the chicks were behaviorally and electrophysiologically blind at the time of hatching, their retinas appeared morphologically comparable to normal chicks at this stage. Both groups had well-developed photoreceptor cells, although outer segments were typically disoriented or misaligned. In the normal, and to some degree in the rd, retina, outer segments became organized within the first week posthatching. In the rd retina at that time, however, more outer segments were disorganized and disoriented. Disc-like membranes were also seen in some inner segments. Many photoreceptors had distended inner segment tips containing a granular cytoplasm. @entity5922 was present in the subretinal space. Over the next 2-3 weeks there was a reduction in number of inner segments, outer segments and photoreceptor nuclei of both rods and cones. Photoreceptor cell bodies in the outer nuclear layer were replaced by Mueller cell processes. By the end of the second month, a larger cone:rod ratio was apparent, and a large proportion of the remaining cones were double cones. Intact outer segments were rarely seen at that time. Few and sporadic cone cells, identified by a pale-staining oil droplet, were the predominant surviving photoreceptors by 6 months of age. At the later stages examined, the @entity15999 ( @entity15999 ) appeared to be undergoing degenerative changes. A general thinning of cells and hypopigmentation of @entity15999 cells was apparent, although hyperpigmented, @entity15999 cells were also present which bulged into the subretinal space. Pigmented cells of unknown origin were also noted in the subretinal space at the later time points.

title: XXXX in the Rhode Island Red @entity1573 : ultrastructural analysis.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity15999 :: ('MESH:C565530', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'hypertrophied PE', 'pigment epithelium']

entities_list: @entity5922 :: ('MESH:C536356', 'Disease') :: ['Membraneous debris']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity2000 :: (MESH:D012162,Disease) :: ['Hereditary retinal degeneration']


abstract: An electron microscopic analysis of @entity528 in a congenitally blind strain of @entity1573 is presented. The mutation was named rd, meaning ' @entity2000 '. Although the chicks were behaviorally and electrophysiologically blind at the time of hatching, their retinas appeared morphologically comparable to normal chicks at this stage. Both groups had well-developed photoreceptor cells, although outer segments were typically disoriented or misaligned. In the normal, and to some degree in the rd, retina, outer segments became organized within the first week posthatching. In the rd retina at that time, however, more outer segments were disorganized and disoriented. Disc-like membranes were also seen in some inner segments. Many photoreceptors had distended inner segment tips containing a granular cytoplasm. @entity5922 was present in the subretinal space. Over the next 2-3 weeks there was a reduction in number of inner segments, outer segments and photoreceptor nuclei of both rods and cones. Photoreceptor cell bodies in the outer nuclear layer were replaced by Mueller cell processes. By the end of the second month, a larger cone:rod ratio was apparent, and a large proportion of the remaining cones were double cones. Intact outer segments were rarely seen at that time. Few and sporadic cone cells, identified by a pale-staining oil droplet, were the predominant surviving photoreceptors by 6 months of age. At the later stages examined, the @entity15999 ( @entity15999 ) appeared to be undergoing degenerative changes. A general thinning of cells and hypopigmentation of @entity15999 cells was apparent, although hyperpigmented, @entity15999 cells were also present which bulged into the subretinal space. Pigmented cells of unknown origin were also noted in the subretinal space at the later time points.

title: @entity2000 in the Rhode Island Red XXXX : ultrastructural analysis.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended in the first 6 months of life, especially for @entity1 born to @entity1 with a history of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Yet, @entity1 with a history of @entity6 face challenges with exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period, a critical period for setting up longer term breastfeeding success. Minimal research has been published on associated risk factors for not exclusively breastfeeding. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between @entity6 and exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis including 2038 @entity1 who participated in the population-based @entity1 Feeding Practices Study II between May 2005 and June 2007. RESULTS: @entity6 prevalence was 5.8%. The crude prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge was 62.2% among @entity1 with @entity6 compared to 75.4% of @entity1 without @entity6 (P < .01). After adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and anthropometric factors, the odds of exclusive breastfeeding were lower among @entity1 with @entity6 compared to @entity1 without @entity6 (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.92). Furthermore, @entity1 who had gestational weight gain (GWG) below the Institute of Medicine guidelines had lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding compared to @entity1 who had normal GWG (odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.85). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6 history and @entity1 with inadequate GWG may need additional education to promote exclusive breastfeeding during maternal hospital stay. It is important for health care providers to assess both factors when providing education on exclusive breastfeeding and to support these @entity1 's breastfeeding efforts in the early postpartum period to maximize potential for longer term breastfeeding success.

title: Association between History of Gestational XXXX and Exclusive Breastfeeding at Hospital Discharge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Infant', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Gestational diabetes mellitus', 'gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'GDM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Age-related changes in @entity299 are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study was to define the effect of age on the relationship between @entity299 . Haemodynamic and gas exchange measurements were performed at rest and peak exercise in healthy individuals. Augmentation index was measured at rest. Cardiac power output, a measure of overall cardiac function, was calculated as the product of cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure. Augmentation index was significantly higher in older than younger @entity1 (27.7  10.1 vs. 2.5  10.1%, P<0.01). Older @entity1 demonstrated significantly higher @entity64 volume and mean arterial blood pressure (P<0.05), but lower heart rate (145  13 vs. 172  10 beats/min, P<0.01) and peak @entity26 consumption (22.5  5.2 vs. 41.2  8.4ml/kg/min, P<0.01). There was a significant negative relationship between augmentation index and peak exercise cardiac power output (r=-0.73, P=0.02) and cardiac output (r=-0.69, P=0.03) in older @entity1 . Older @entity1 maintain maximal cardiac function due to increased @entity64 volume. Vascular function is a strong predictor of overall cardiac function in older but in not younger @entity1 .

title: The effect of age on the relationship between XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and vascular function']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac and vascular function']