abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have experienced transaortic stent-grafting for treating distal arch @entity439 or type B dissection. This paper is to mainly report the surgical aspect of these procedures. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 underwent this surgery, including 12 @entity1 and three @entity1 ranging from 47 to 83 years. Twelve had @entity439 and three @entity1580 . Concomitant surgery was necessary in seven @entity1 (coronary artery bypass grafting in five, tricuspid annuloplasty in one, and replacement of ascending aorta and/or total arch replacement in three cases). A stent graft (Gianturco Z-stent and Intervascular prosthesis) was loaded in a 30-F sheath catheter. Under @entity1167 , selective cerebral perfusion was established, and the sheath catheter was inserted through aortotomy into descending aorta and the stent graft was deployed at an appropriate level. The proximal end of graft was sutured to the aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery with inclusion method at the posterior wall. Concomitant surgery was done during cooling or rewarming period. TEE was utilized to visualize every endovascular manipulation to avoid unintended intimal injury or misplacement of graft and to assess the surgical results in the operative theater. RESULTS: @entity439 was successfully excluded except in one @entity1 who had a proximal @entity1070 and @entity1070 due to underestimation of aortic diameter. There was one operative mortality caused by @entity385 , possibly due to debris from femoral arterial cannulation. In the remaining @entity1 , there was no enlargement of residual @entity439 . The excluded aneurysmal sac gradually regressed and disappeared within 2 years in five @entity1 and the thrombosed false lumen completely shrunk within 1 year in two @entity1 . One @entity1 had @entity451 , possibly because the graft was intentionally advanced deeply to cover the thick and fragile @entity1856 layer in order to avoid destruction of the @entity1856 by an expanded graft. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent graft via the aortic arch is an acceptable treatment for distal arch @entity439 close to or involving left subclavian artery or type B dissections, especially for those cases requiring other cardiac procedures. It can lead to regression and disappearance of @entity439 or dissection in the mid-term follow-up.

title: Endovascular stent-grafting via the aortic arch for distal aortic arch XXXX : an alternative to endovascular stent-grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleak', 'distal endoleak']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheroma', 'atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity13559 ( @entity56132 ) and @entity13560 ( @entity17853 ) enzymes catalyze the initial step in the formation of @entity2918 , which have a role in the regulation of circulation and in inflammatory reactions. As @entity519 is reported to stimulate the expression of @entity17853 , we have investigated the effects of bypass circulation and @entity1167 on the expression @entity56132 and @entity17853 in the myocardium of porcine hearts. METHODS: Anaesthetized @entity1707 were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass and the hearts were arrested by @entity5032 for 30 min and reperfused thereafter for 90 min. Then the mRNA and protein levels of @entity56132 and @entity17853 were measured from the transmural specimens of the left ventricular myocardium by Northern and Western blot analyses. Reference specimens were from the hearts of unoperated control @entity1707 and from sham-operated @entity1707 , which were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass for 120 min without any aortic clamping. RESULTS: @entity56132 mRNA was expressed in unoperated control porcine hearts, whereas the expression of @entity17853 mRNA was weak in control hearts. The expression of @entity17853 mRNA increased to 170% of the control level in the hearts of sham-operated @entity1707 and to 180% in arrested hearts, while the level of @entity56132 mRNA was not changed. Both @entity56132 and @entity17853 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis in the myocardial specimens of control hearts. After @entity1167 , the level of @entity17853 protein increased to 280% of the control level in arrested hearts, whereas the level of @entity56132 protein remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the expression of the @entity17853 gene is stimulated in the ventricular myocardium of the porcine heart after bypass circulation and @entity1167 .

title: Stimulated expression of @entity13560 in porcine heart after bypass circulation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['cold crystalloid cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardioplegic arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity13559 ( @entity56132 ) and @entity13560 ( @entity17853 ) enzymes catalyze the initial step in the formation of @entity2918 , which have a role in the regulation of circulation and in inflammatory reactions. As @entity519 is reported to stimulate the expression of @entity17853 , we have investigated the effects of bypass circulation and @entity1167 on the expression @entity56132 and @entity17853 in the myocardium of porcine hearts. METHODS: Anaesthetized @entity1707 were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass and the hearts were arrested by @entity5032 for 30 min and reperfused thereafter for 90 min. Then the mRNA and protein levels of @entity56132 and @entity17853 were measured from the transmural specimens of the left ventricular myocardium by Northern and Western blot analyses. Reference specimens were from the hearts of unoperated control @entity1707 and from sham-operated @entity1707 , which were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass for 120 min without any aortic clamping. RESULTS: @entity56132 mRNA was expressed in unoperated control porcine hearts, whereas the expression of @entity17853 mRNA was weak in control hearts. The expression of @entity17853 mRNA increased to 170% of the control level in the hearts of sham-operated @entity1707 and to 180% in arrested hearts, while the level of @entity56132 mRNA was not changed. Both @entity56132 and @entity17853 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis in the myocardial specimens of control hearts. After @entity1167 , the level of @entity17853 protein increased to 280% of the control level in arrested hearts, whereas the level of @entity56132 protein remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the expression of the @entity17853 gene is stimulated in the ventricular myocardium of the porcine heart after bypass circulation and @entity1167 .

title: Stimulated expression of XXXX in porcine heart after bypass circulation and @entity1167 .

answer: @entity13560 :: (397590(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: In @entity295 -induced @entity810 , actin cytoskeletal alterations result in shedding of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) and @entity6554 . This study examined the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines, released early in @entity295 , cause PTEC cytoskeletal damage and alter integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion. The question of whether the intermediate @entity842 (NO) modulates these cytokine effects was also examined. After exposure of @entity1 PTEC to @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity1192 , and @entity379 , the actin cytoskeleton was disrupted and cells became elongated, with extension of long filopodial processes. Cytokines induced shedding of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic PTEC, which was dependent on NO synthesized by @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) produced as a result of cytokine actions on PTEC. Basolateral exposure of polarized PTEC monolayers to cytokines induced maximal NO-dependent cell shedding, mediated in part through NO effects on @entity6708 . Cell shedding was accompanied by dispersal of basolateral @entity10483 integrins and @entity5962 , with corresponding upregulation of integrin expression in clusters of cells elevated above the epithelial monolayer. These cells demonstrated coexpression of @entity3623 and apically redistributed @entity10483 integrins. Attachment studies demonstrated that the major ligand involved in cell anchorage was laminin, probably through interactions with the integrin alpha(3) @entity10483 . This interaction was downregulated by cytokines but was not dependent on NO. These studies provide a mechanism by which inflammatory cytokines induce @entity66 in @entity295 , in the absence of @entity551 and @entity63 . Future therapeutic strategies aimed at specific @entity3623 inhibition might inhibit PTEC shedding after cytokine-induced @entity130 of @entity810 in @entity295 .

title: Coexpressed @entity842 synthase and apical XXXX integrins influence tubule cell adhesion after cytokine-induced injury.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['PTEC damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity6554 :: ('MESH:D015499', 'Disease') :: ['tubular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and delay the onset']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

answer: @entity10483 :: (10678,Gene) :: ['beta(1)']


abstract: In @entity295 -induced @entity810 , actin cytoskeletal alterations result in shedding of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) and @entity6554 . This study examined the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines, released early in @entity295 , cause PTEC cytoskeletal damage and alter integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion. The question of whether the intermediate @entity842 (NO) modulates these cytokine effects was also examined. After exposure of @entity1 PTEC to @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity1192 , and @entity379 , the actin cytoskeleton was disrupted and cells became elongated, with extension of long filopodial processes. Cytokines induced shedding of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic PTEC, which was dependent on NO synthesized by @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) produced as a result of cytokine actions on PTEC. Basolateral exposure of polarized PTEC monolayers to cytokines induced maximal NO-dependent cell shedding, mediated in part through NO effects on @entity6708 . Cell shedding was accompanied by dispersal of basolateral @entity10483 integrins and @entity5962 , with corresponding upregulation of integrin expression in clusters of cells elevated above the epithelial monolayer. These cells demonstrated coexpression of @entity3623 and apically redistributed @entity10483 integrins. Attachment studies demonstrated that the major ligand involved in cell anchorage was laminin, probably through interactions with the integrin alpha(3) @entity10483 . This interaction was downregulated by cytokines but was not dependent on NO. These studies provide a mechanism by which inflammatory cytokines induce @entity66 in @entity295 , in the absence of @entity551 and @entity63 . Future therapeutic strategies aimed at specific @entity3623 inhibition might inhibit PTEC shedding after cytokine-induced @entity130 of @entity810 in @entity295 .

title: Coexpressed XXXX synthase and apical @entity10483 integrins influence tubule cell adhesion after cytokine-induced injury.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Pancreas after previous kidney (PAK) transplants are an attractive option for type 1 @entity6 @entity1 because of the short waiting time and use of living kidney donors. Factors associated with the increased success rate of PAK transplants in four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed. Between July 1, 1978, and April 30, 2000, 406 PAK transplants were performed in posturemic @entity1 . Four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed: (1) the precyclosporine @entity7971 , @entity7971 1 (n = 65; 16%); (2) the @entity205 @entity7971 , @entity7971 2 (n = 109; 27%); (3) the @entity1140 @entity7971 with monoclonal or polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity7971 3 (n = 104; 26%); and (4) the @entity1140 @entity7971 with monoclonal and polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity7971 4 (n = 128; 31%). @entity1 and graft survival, rejection, and technical failure rates were calculated. @entity1 survival rates have remained high over time, from 91% ( @entity7971 1) to 96% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr posttransplant. Pancreas graft survival rates with primary cadaver transplants have significantly increased, from 17% ( @entity7971 1) to 81% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr. The rate of graft loss from rejection has significantly decreased, from 78% ( @entity7971 1) to 9% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr. Results were best when donors and recipients were matched for at least one antigen per HLA locus. Kidney graft survival was higher in PAK transplant recipients compared with @entity6 recipients of kidney transplants alone from the time of the kidney as well as the pancreas transplants. PAK recipients now enjoy >80% graft survival at 1 yr. This improvement in outcome results from better immunosuppression, good matching, and close posttransplant monitoring for rejection.

title: Pancreas after kidney transplants in posturemic @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Pancreas after previous kidney (PAK) transplants are an attractive option for type 1 @entity6 @entity1 because of the short waiting time and use of living kidney donors. Factors associated with the increased success rate of PAK transplants in four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed. Between July 1, 1978, and April 30, 2000, 406 PAK transplants were performed in posturemic @entity1 . Four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed: (1) the precyclosporine @entity7971 , @entity7971 1 (n = 65; 16%); (2) the @entity205 @entity7971 , @entity7971 2 (n = 109; 27%); (3) the @entity1140 @entity7971 with monoclonal or polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity7971 3 (n = 104; 26%); and (4) the @entity1140 @entity7971 with monoclonal and polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity7971 4 (n = 128; 31%). @entity1 and graft survival, rejection, and technical failure rates were calculated. @entity1 survival rates have remained high over time, from 91% ( @entity7971 1) to 96% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr posttransplant. Pancreas graft survival rates with primary cadaver transplants have significantly increased, from 17% ( @entity7971 1) to 81% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr. The rate of graft loss from rejection has significantly decreased, from 78% ( @entity7971 1) to 9% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr. Results were best when donors and recipients were matched for at least one antigen per HLA locus. Kidney graft survival was higher in PAK transplant recipients compared with @entity6 recipients of kidney transplants alone from the time of the kidney as well as the pancreas transplants. PAK recipients now enjoy >80% graft survival at 1 yr. This improvement in outcome results from better immunosuppression, good matching, and close posttransplant monitoring for rejection.

title: Pancreas after kidney transplants in posturemic XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity842 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity1 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity2023 , @entity56 , @entity1030 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity565 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity2490 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity56 and @entity2023 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8639 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8639 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity1030 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity1576 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to @entity1 with @entity1030 , XXXX and @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) smokers', 'COPD']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity842 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity1 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity2023 , @entity56 , @entity1030 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity565 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity2490 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity56 and @entity2023 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8639 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8639 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity1030 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity1576 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to @entity1 with @entity1030 , @entity56 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity842 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity1 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity2023 , @entity56 , @entity1030 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity565 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity2490 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity56 and @entity2023 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8639 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8639 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity1030 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity1576 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to @entity1 with XXXX , @entity56 and @entity2023 .

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity842 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity1 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity2023 , @entity56 , @entity1030 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity565 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity2490 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity56 and @entity2023 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8639 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8639 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity1030 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity1576 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to XXXX with @entity1030 , @entity56 and @entity2023 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Long-term left ventricular (LV) performance and @entity1 outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure in the presence of depressed LV function and hibernating @entity1562 (HM) have been poorly determined. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated @entity1 undergoing CABG with severe @entity1002 and HM to elucidate postoperative prognosis. METHODS: We enrolled 120 consecutive @entity1 undergoing CABG with severe @entity1002 and HM as assessed by @entity452 echocardiography and by rest-redistribution radionuclide ( @entity4214 -201) study. Mean @entity1 age was 60+/-9 years (range 31-77 years). Mean preoperative LVEF was 28%+/-9 (range 10-40%). All @entity1 underwent echocardiographic study to assess LV recovery of function intraoperatively, prior to hospital discharge, at 3 months, at 1 year, and yearly during the follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to to evaluate predictors of postoperative survival. RESULTS: There were 2 hospital (1.6%) and 15 late (12.5%) deaths, mainly for @entity712 , leading to an actuarial survival of 80+/-6% and 60+/-9% at 5 and 8 years, respectively. LVEF significantly improved perioperatively (from 28+/-9% to 40+/-2%, P<0.01). Increase in LVEF, however, was gradually offset over the time (EF of 33+/-9%, 32+/-8%, and 30+/-9% at 3 months, and 12 months, and 8 years after surgery, respectively). Furthermore, @entity1 who experienced limited LV functional recovery perioperatively had a more remarkable decline of LVEF thereafter, and suffered from recurrence of @entity712 (freedom from @entity712 82+/-5% and 60+/-8% at 4 and 8 years respectively). Advanced preoperative NYHA Class, and age were independent risks factors for reduced postoperative survival. @entity951 and use of arterial conduits apparently did not influence @entity1 morbidity and mortality at long term. CONCLUSION: CABG procedure in the presence of HM enhances LV recovery of function and has a favourable prognosis. Functional benefit of the left ventricle, however, appears to be time-limited, despite remarkable improvement in @entity1 functional capacity. Advanced preoperative @entity712 , minimal perioperative improvement of LVEF, and age account for a poor long-term prognosis.

title: Long-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting procedure in the presence of left ventricular dysfunction and hibernating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['Thallium']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative angina']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: The malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells of @entity978 ( @entity978 ) express several members of the @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) receptor family, including @entity5823 and @entity2936 , and secrete several cytokines and chemokines. However, little is known about what regulates cytokine and chemokine secretion in H/RS cells. Although H/RS cells are predominantly of B-cell origin, they frequently share phenotypic and functional features with dendritic cells (DCs). Previous studies reported that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) (RANK), a member of the TNF receptor family, is expressed on DCs, and that @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) enhances DC survival and induces them to secrete cytokines. This study reports that, similar to DCs, cultured H/RS cells expressed RANK. However, unlike DCs, H/RS cells also expressed @entity5298 . Soluble @entity5298 activated NF-kappaB and induced messenger RNA expression of @entity379 , @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity4047 , @entity4666 , @entity8252 , and @entity5737 , in addition to the receptors for @entity4666 , @entity4047 , @entity8252 , and @entity16952 . @entity5298 increased @entity687 and @entity4047 levels in the supernatants of H/RS cell lines, an effect that was blocked by soluble RANK. Furthermore, soluble RANK decreased the basal level of @entity687 in one cell line, suggesting that @entity687 was induced by an autocrine @entity5298 /RANK loop. @entity5298 had no effect on H/RS cell survival in culture, and it did not modulate the expression of @entity588 , @entity1836 , @entity589 , or inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. These data provide evidence of further functional similarities between DCs and H/RS cells. The coexpression of RANK and @entity5298 in H/RS cells suggests that they may regulate cytokine and chemokine secretion in H/RS cells by an autocrine mechanism.

title: Functional expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity6145 replacement on total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1675 , and @entity3452 [ @entity3452 ] in subjects with @entity1375 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 17 @entity1 with clinical @entity1375 , studies were done before and after @entity6145 replacement therapy. Free @entity1955 and @entity7287 were determined by chemiluminescent assay. Total @entity165 and @entity1674 were measured by enzymatic methods, and HDL-C was measured after dextran @entity597 - @entity8723 precipitation. @entity1675 were assayed by immunonephelometry. For measurement of @entity3452 , we used a sequential sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After @entity1955 treatment, the mean concentration of thyrotropin decreased from 91.4 to 3.7 microIU/mL, and free @entity1955 increased from 0.5 to 1.2 ng/ dL. Total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1675 decreased after @entity6145 replacement therapy. @entity3452 levels also decreased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment, from a mean of 33.4 to 25.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: @entity1375 is associated with an increase in total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL-C, @entity1675 , and @entity3452 . A reduction in lipid and lipoprotein levels after @entity6145 replacement in our study cohort resulted in a less atherogenic profile.

title: Effect of XXXX replacement on @entity3452 , lipids, and apolipoproteins in subjects with @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['Apolipoprotein A-I and B-100', 'apolipoprotein A-I and B-100']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity6145 :: (CHEBI:60311,Chemical) :: ['thyroid hormone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity6145 replacement on total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1675 , and @entity3452 [ @entity3452 ] in subjects with @entity1375 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 17 @entity1 with clinical @entity1375 , studies were done before and after @entity6145 replacement therapy. Free @entity1955 and @entity7287 were determined by chemiluminescent assay. Total @entity165 and @entity1674 were measured by enzymatic methods, and HDL-C was measured after dextran @entity597 - @entity8723 precipitation. @entity1675 were assayed by immunonephelometry. For measurement of @entity3452 , we used a sequential sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After @entity1955 treatment, the mean concentration of thyrotropin decreased from 91.4 to 3.7 microIU/mL, and free @entity1955 increased from 0.5 to 1.2 ng/ dL. Total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1675 decreased after @entity6145 replacement therapy. @entity3452 levels also decreased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment, from a mean of 33.4 to 25.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: @entity1375 is associated with an increase in total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL-C, @entity1675 , and @entity3452 . A reduction in lipid and lipoprotein levels after @entity6145 replacement in our study cohort resulted in a less atherogenic profile.

title: Effect of @entity6145 replacement on XXXX , lipids, and apolipoproteins in subjects with @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3452 :: (4018,Gene) :: ['lipoprotein(a)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity6145 replacement on total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1675 , and @entity3452 [ @entity3452 ] in subjects with @entity1375 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 17 @entity1 with clinical @entity1375 , studies were done before and after @entity6145 replacement therapy. Free @entity1955 and @entity7287 were determined by chemiluminescent assay. Total @entity165 and @entity1674 were measured by enzymatic methods, and HDL-C was measured after dextran @entity597 - @entity8723 precipitation. @entity1675 were assayed by immunonephelometry. For measurement of @entity3452 , we used a sequential sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After @entity1955 treatment, the mean concentration of thyrotropin decreased from 91.4 to 3.7 microIU/mL, and free @entity1955 increased from 0.5 to 1.2 ng/ dL. Total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1675 decreased after @entity6145 replacement therapy. @entity3452 levels also decreased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment, from a mean of 33.4 to 25.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: @entity1375 is associated with an increase in total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL-C, @entity1675 , and @entity3452 . A reduction in lipid and lipoprotein levels after @entity6145 replacement in our study cohort resulted in a less atherogenic profile.

title: Effect of @entity6145 replacement on @entity3452 , lipids, and apolipoproteins in subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: Intramuscular (i.m.) immunisation of BALB/c @entity19 with a DNA vaccine, pcDNA3/tetC, encoding fragment C (TetC) from @entity116 toxin, stimulated production of TetC specific @entity9749 antibodies in the serum and release of @entity60 from TetC stimulated splenocytes. A similar pattern of immune response was detected if pcDNA3/tetC primed @entity19 were boosted i.m. with purified TetC protein or TetC and cholera toxin (included as an adjuvant). In contrast, control @entity19 primed with the empty DNA vector pcDNA3 and boosted i.m. with TetC or TetC and CT, generated a dominant @entity9686 specific anti-TetC response in the sera and low or undetectable levels of @entity60 from stimulated splenocytes. Thus, i.m. priming with a DNA vaccine modulated the subsequent immune response to the same antigen administered as a protein boost. Similar observations were made when DNA primed @entity19 were boosted using the intranasal mucosal route of immunisation. Interestingly, although @entity19 immunised with pcDNA3/tetC and boosted mucosally with TetC and CT produced anti-TetC IgA in mucosal secretions, the titres were reproducibly lower than those detected in @entity19 immunised with the pcDNA3 vector alone. The immunomodulatory effect of pcDNA3/tetC appeared to be antigen specific as mucosal boosting with an unrelated antigen (pertactin) revealed no significant modulation in terms of the anti-pertactin immune response.

title: A vaccination strategy incorporating DNA priming and mucosal boosting using XXXX toxin fragment C (TetC).

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Point estimates of physical @entity410 give important information on the risk of @entity204 in healthy @entity1 , but there is little information available on effects of sequential changes in physical @entity410 on mortality. We studied this latter aspect in healthy middle-aged @entity1 over a total follow-up period of 22 years. METHODS: 2014 healthy @entity1 aged 40-60 years had a bicycle exercise test and clinical examination, and completed a questionnaire in 1972-75 (survey 1). This was repeated for 1756 (91%) of 1932 @entity1 still alive by Dec 31, 1982 (survey 2). The exercise scores were adjusted for age. The change in exercise scores between surveys was divided into quartiles (Q1=least fit, Q4=fittest). An adjusted Cox's proportional hazards model was used to study the association between changes in physical @entity410 and mortality, with the Q1 @entity1 used as controls. FINDINGS: By Dec 31, 1994, 238 (17%) of the 1428 @entity1 had died, 120 from cardiovascular causes. There were 37 deaths in the Q4 group (19 cardiovascular); their relative risks of @entity204 were 0.45 (95% CI 0.29-0.69) for any cause and 0.47 (0.26-0.86) for cardiovascular causes. There was a graded, inverse relation between changes in physical @entity410 and mortality irrespective of physical @entity410 status at survey 1. INTERPRETATION: Change in physical @entity410 in healthy middle-aged @entity1 is a strong predictor of mortality. Even small improvements in physical @entity410 are associated with a significantly lowered risk of @entity204 . If confirmed, these findings should be used to influence public health policy.

title: Changes in physical XXXX and changes in mortality.

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: The purpose of this project was to study the relationship between @entity739 ( @entity739 ) and its related @entity302 , and reconsider the nosological limits of @entity739 . The electroclinical features of 45 @entity1 who experienced @entity2473 in series were investigated, as well as some features not common in @entity1 with @entity739 . All @entity1 were @entity1032 . The @entity1 were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 12 @entity1 with @entity302 with onset in early infancy, group 2 consisted of 5 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1625 associated with @entity2473 in series, and group 3 consisted of 28 @entity1 with @entity6191 who had @entity2473 in series after age 2 years. Partial @entity410 were the dominant symptom throughout the clinical course and @entity2473 in series associated with atypical @entity739 appeared transiently during infancy in a significant number of the @entity1 in group 1. In group 2, @entity410 ( @entity410 ) were the main @entity410 type and @entity739 was not observed during the clinical course. The EEGs in group 3 @entity1 showed diffuse slow spike-waves or multifocal @entity302 discharges in all but 1 @entity1 . The EEG of the remaining @entity1 still showed @entity739 at age 8 years. Therefore, group 1 @entity1 should be classified as having @entity739 although cortical mechanisms play a critical role in the occurrence of their @entity410 . Group 2 @entity1 should be considered as having a type of localization-related @entity302 even though they share a similar pathophysiological mechanism with group 1. In group 3, 1 @entity1 whose EEG still showed @entity739 was classified as having @entity739 . The other @entity1 should be classified as having @entity6191 other than @entity739 .

title: @entity739 and its related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['localization-related epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'complex partial seizures', 'CPS']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'hypsarrhythmia', 'West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'refractory epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsies']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic syndromes']


abstract: The purpose of this project was to study the relationship between @entity739 ( @entity739 ) and its related @entity302 , and reconsider the nosological limits of @entity739 . The electroclinical features of 45 @entity1 who experienced @entity2473 in series were investigated, as well as some features not common in @entity1 with @entity739 . All @entity1 were @entity1032 . The @entity1 were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 12 @entity1 with @entity302 with onset in early infancy, group 2 consisted of 5 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1625 associated with @entity2473 in series, and group 3 consisted of 28 @entity1 with @entity6191 who had @entity2473 in series after age 2 years. Partial @entity410 were the dominant symptom throughout the clinical course and @entity2473 in series associated with atypical @entity739 appeared transiently during infancy in a significant number of the @entity1 in group 1. In group 2, @entity410 ( @entity410 ) were the main @entity410 type and @entity739 was not observed during the clinical course. The EEGs in group 3 @entity1 showed diffuse slow spike-waves or multifocal @entity302 discharges in all but 1 @entity1 . The EEG of the remaining @entity1 still showed @entity739 at age 8 years. Therefore, group 1 @entity1 should be classified as having @entity739 although cortical mechanisms play a critical role in the occurrence of their @entity410 . Group 2 @entity1 should be considered as having a type of localization-related @entity302 even though they share a similar pathophysiological mechanism with group 1. In group 3, 1 @entity1 whose EEG still showed @entity739 was classified as having @entity739 . The other @entity1 should be classified as having @entity6191 other than @entity739 .

title: XXXX and its related @entity302 .

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['West syndrome']


abstract: Wound healing is a well-orchestrated complex process leading to the repair of injured tissues. After injury, proinflammatory cytokines act as important modulators of the inflammatory process. @entity5003 expression has been regarded as necessary for healing; however, its effects have also been implicated in delayed wound repair. Currently, there is no consensus or direct evidence that @entity5003 activity plays a central role in the healing process. The present investigation was undertaken to define the role of IL-1R signaling in the healing outcome of an excisional wound in the palate or scalp of @entity19 that had targeted deletions of the IL-1 @entity5765 ( @entity34551 (-/-)) compared with matched wild-type @entity19 . Histomorphometric analysis was undertaken to assess the degree of healing and the recruitment of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes. After 14 days, wild-type @entity19 exhibited complete closure of intraoral wounds, while @entity34551 (-/-) animals had only partial closure (50%). In the @entity34551 (-/-) @entity19 , healing tissues exhibited a persistent inflammatory cell infiltrate, which did not occur in wild-type animals. Treatment with antibiotics significantly diminished the persistent inflammatory infiltrate and improved healing in the experimental animals. In contrast to oral wounds, the rate of healing and recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells in scalp wounds was similar in @entity34551 (-/-) and wild-type @entity19 . The present data underscore the importance of @entity5003 in wound healing in a challenging environment and identify its principal role in facilitating the healing process by protecting an open wound from bacterial insult. In a less challenging environment, the production of new connective tissue and its coverage by migrating epithelium are minimally affected by the absence of @entity5003 activity.

title: XXXX plays a critical role in oral, but not dermal, wound healing.

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report three unrelated @entity1 with a distinctive phenotype of @entity8433 , @entity2057 , and @entity1121 . The @entity1 all had a homozygous missense mutation in @entity32749 . BACKGROUND: @entity32749 encodes a @entity31771 , thought to function as a @entity920 transporter to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. Mutations in @entity32749 have been described in @entity1 with severe @entity7319 and early onset fatal @entity1184 . All @entity1 so far reported are compound heterozygotes for a missense mutation ( @entity32750 ) near the predicted CxxxC metal binding motif; however, recent functional studies of the homologous mutation in @entity375 failed to demonstrate an effect on respiration. METHODS: Here we present clinical, biochemical, morphologic, functional, MRI, and @entity7748 data in two @entity1 , and a short report in an additional @entity1 , all carrying a homozygous @entity70728 transition ( @entity32750 ). RESULTS: The disease onset and symptoms differed significantly from those in compound heterozygotes. MRI and muscle morphology demonstrated an age-dependent progression of disease with predominant involvement of white matter, late appearance of @entity21 , and @entity2057 in addition to the relatively late onset of @entity1121 . The @entity920 uptake of cultured fibroblasts was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical spectrum of @entity32749 deficiency includes the delayed development of @entity1121 and severe @entity2057 . There is increased @entity920 uptake in @entity1 ' fibroblasts indicating that the @entity70728 mutation effects cellular @entity920 metabolism.

title: Homozygosity ( XXXX ) in @entity32749 causes delayed infantile onset of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hypertrophic cardioencephalomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['COX deficiency']

entities_list: @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['Leigh-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity31771 :: ('10989', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial inner membrane protein']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia lesions']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity32750 :: (p|SUB|E|140|K,ProteinMutation) :: ['E140K']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report three unrelated @entity1 with a distinctive phenotype of @entity8433 , @entity2057 , and @entity1121 . The @entity1 all had a homozygous missense mutation in @entity32749 . BACKGROUND: @entity32749 encodes a @entity31771 , thought to function as a @entity920 transporter to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. Mutations in @entity32749 have been described in @entity1 with severe @entity7319 and early onset fatal @entity1184 . All @entity1 so far reported are compound heterozygotes for a missense mutation ( @entity32750 ) near the predicted CxxxC metal binding motif; however, recent functional studies of the homologous mutation in @entity375 failed to demonstrate an effect on respiration. METHODS: Here we present clinical, biochemical, morphologic, functional, MRI, and @entity7748 data in two @entity1 , and a short report in an additional @entity1 , all carrying a homozygous @entity70728 transition ( @entity32750 ). RESULTS: The disease onset and symptoms differed significantly from those in compound heterozygotes. MRI and muscle morphology demonstrated an age-dependent progression of disease with predominant involvement of white matter, late appearance of @entity21 , and @entity2057 in addition to the relatively late onset of @entity1121 . The @entity920 uptake of cultured fibroblasts was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical spectrum of @entity32749 deficiency includes the delayed development of @entity1121 and severe @entity2057 . There is increased @entity920 uptake in @entity1 ' fibroblasts indicating that the @entity70728 mutation effects cellular @entity920 metabolism.

title: Homozygosity ( @entity32750 ) in XXXX causes delayed infantile onset of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy.

answer: @entity32749 :: (9997,Gene) :: ['SCO2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endometrial responses to three different forms of @entity2588 -inducing HRT in postmenopausal @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one postmenopausal @entity1 completing a one-year HRT trial with percutaneous @entity53 gel containing 1.5 mg @entity53 daily combined with a @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) (n=18), or natural @entity1420 100 mg daily orally (n= 19) or vaginally (n=15) during 1-25 calendar days of each month. Endometrial thickness and uterine size were measured by transvaginal ultrasound, and endometrial cytology/histology was assessed from specimens taken by needle aspiration before the study and at 12 months. RESULTS: Before medication, the median endometrial thickness was 2.0 mm in the LNG-IUD group, 2.4 mm in the oral P group and 2.5 mm in the vaginal P group. At 12 months of therapy the respective values, 3.0, 2.7 and 2.4 mm, did not differ significantly from the initial values. LNG-IUD induced @entity194 in all @entity1 , which was accompanied by stromal decidualization in 12 @entity1 . On the contrary, only four @entity1 in the oral P group and five @entity1 in the vaginal P group had an inactive or @entity3202 endometrium. The remaining cases were dominated by proliferative features. No @entity1373 was seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUD appeared to be an effective method of counteracting the stimulatory effect of @entity172 on the endometrium, whereas natural @entity1420 given orally or vaginally was not sufficiently effective in this function at the doses used. The vaginal and oral administrations of @entity1420 did not differ from each other in this respect.

title: Endometrial morphology during hormone replacement therapy with XXXX gel combined to @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device or natural @entity1420 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endometrial responses to three different forms of @entity2588 -inducing HRT in postmenopausal @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one postmenopausal @entity1 completing a one-year HRT trial with percutaneous @entity53 gel containing 1.5 mg @entity53 daily combined with a @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) (n=18), or natural @entity1420 100 mg daily orally (n= 19) or vaginally (n=15) during 1-25 calendar days of each month. Endometrial thickness and uterine size were measured by transvaginal ultrasound, and endometrial cytology/histology was assessed from specimens taken by needle aspiration before the study and at 12 months. RESULTS: Before medication, the median endometrial thickness was 2.0 mm in the LNG-IUD group, 2.4 mm in the oral P group and 2.5 mm in the vaginal P group. At 12 months of therapy the respective values, 3.0, 2.7 and 2.4 mm, did not differ significantly from the initial values. LNG-IUD induced @entity194 in all @entity1 , which was accompanied by stromal decidualization in 12 @entity1 . On the contrary, only four @entity1 in the oral P group and five @entity1 in the vaginal P group had an inactive or @entity3202 endometrium. The remaining cases were dominated by proliferative features. No @entity1373 was seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUD appeared to be an effective method of counteracting the stimulatory effect of @entity172 on the endometrium, whereas natural @entity1420 given orally or vaginally was not sufficiently effective in this function at the doses used. The vaginal and oral administrations of @entity1420 did not differ from each other in this respect.

title: Endometrial morphology during hormone replacement therapy with @entity53 gel combined to @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device or natural XXXX .

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endometrial responses to three different forms of @entity2588 -inducing HRT in postmenopausal @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one postmenopausal @entity1 completing a one-year HRT trial with percutaneous @entity53 gel containing 1.5 mg @entity53 daily combined with a @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) (n=18), or natural @entity1420 100 mg daily orally (n= 19) or vaginally (n=15) during 1-25 calendar days of each month. Endometrial thickness and uterine size were measured by transvaginal ultrasound, and endometrial cytology/histology was assessed from specimens taken by needle aspiration before the study and at 12 months. RESULTS: Before medication, the median endometrial thickness was 2.0 mm in the LNG-IUD group, 2.4 mm in the oral P group and 2.5 mm in the vaginal P group. At 12 months of therapy the respective values, 3.0, 2.7 and 2.4 mm, did not differ significantly from the initial values. LNG-IUD induced @entity194 in all @entity1 , which was accompanied by stromal decidualization in 12 @entity1 . On the contrary, only four @entity1 in the oral P group and five @entity1 in the vaginal P group had an inactive or @entity3202 endometrium. The remaining cases were dominated by proliferative features. No @entity1373 was seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUD appeared to be an effective method of counteracting the stimulatory effect of @entity172 on the endometrium, whereas natural @entity1420 given orally or vaginally was not sufficiently effective in this function at the doses used. The vaginal and oral administrations of @entity1420 did not differ from each other in this respect.

title: Endometrial morphology during hormone replacement therapy with @entity53 gel combined to XXXX -releasing intrauterine device or natural @entity1420 .

answer: @entity2692 :: (MESH:D016912,Chemical) :: ['levonorgestrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior to 1993, the follow-up program for our pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) was the responsibility of the rotating senior pediatric resident. There were inherent problems with this system, as a consequence of inconsistent personnel. The residents' revolving schedules and the fact that they were accountable to other clinical areas decreased their availability for follow-up. Also, it was difficult for the clerical staff to identify the @entity1 responsible for answering parent calls. The medical director of the @entity341 made the decision to turn the core responsibility for the follow-up program to the nurse practitioners in addition to their direct care provider role. The nurse practitioner group is a consistent member of the treatment team who has the critical thinking skills necessary to handle the majority of issues that require follow-up. The emergency attending physicians are available for consultation whenever questions arise. OBJECTIVE: Review of current follow-up program of a pediatric @entity341 and its impact on @entity1 care, @entity1 /parent satisfaction, and communication with community providers and specialists. METHOD: A retrospective review of the evolution of the multi-faceted follow-up of @entity1 from an urban pediatric @entity341 . RESULTS: Antidotal evidence suggests that a comprehensive follow-up program increases @entity1 satisfaction, improves communication between the @entity341 , primary care providers, and specialists. It also decreases the workload of the attending emergency physicians, allowing them more time to focus on acute issues. In addition, the follow-up program for @entity341 @entity1 can decrease the medical /legal risks associated with reporting of delayed laboratory results. CONCLUSION: The next step in further reviewing this program is the development of a satisfaction questionnaire for @entity1 / families and community providers to quantify their level of satisfaction with the program. A retrospective chart review of the @entity1 who received a follow-up phone call after discharge, and the return visit rate would be another avenue to pursue to validate our antidotal information.

title: A pediatric XXXX follow-up system: completing the cycle of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of radiation therapy and potential prognostic factors in @entity1 treated for pelvic recurrence of @entity2622 after radical hysterectomy. MATERIALS: The records of 50 @entity1 treated between 1964 and 1994 for an isolated pelvic recurrence of @entity2622 a median of 10.5 months after initial radical hysterectomy were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were categorized according to the extent of disease on clinical examination as group 1, mucosal involvement only (5); group 2, paravaginal extension (11); group 3, central recurrence with pelvic wall extension (13); and group 4, recurrences limited to the pelvic sidewall (21). Seven @entity1 with group 3 or 4 disease who had a poor performance status were treated with palliative intent using hypofractionated radiotherapy. The remaining 43 @entity1 were treated with curative intent, 33 with radiotherapy only and 10 with a combination of @entity900 -based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Survival rates were calculated from the date of initial recurrence. Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 109 months. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 33% for all 50 @entity1 (median survival, 18 months), 39% for the 43 @entity1 treated with curative intent, and 25% for @entity1 with isolated sidewall recurrences treated with curative intent. The survival rate was 69% for @entity1 with group 1 and 2 disease and 18% for those treated with curative intent for group 3 disease (P = 0.07). The survival rate was better for @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 (51%) than for those with @entity420 (14%) (P = 0. 05). Three group 4 @entity1 who survived more than 5 years were treated with external-beam radiation alone. Eight-one percent of @entity1 who had a second recurrence had evidence of disease progression. Three @entity1 experienced late treatment complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who experience an isolated recurrence of @entity5 after initial radical hysterectomy have an excellent prognosis if disease does not involve the pelvic wall. Occasional long-term survivors of recurrent disease involving the pelvic wall justify an aggressive treatment approach.

title: Radiation therapy of pelvic recurrence after radical hysterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 was admitted with abnormal @entity3556 of 5 months duration. Hysteroscopy showed polypoid formations in the uterine cavity. Biopsy of a polyp revealed an anaplastic @entity5 . A total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and iliac lymphadenectomy were performed. A polypoid soft white-yellowish @entity5 originated from the endometrium. The biopsies plus sections of the operative specimen were histologically similar and displayed typical features of @entity2970 ( @entity2970 ) with tubulo-papillary pattern. Schiller-Duval bodies and PAS-positive, diastase-resistant, hyaline droplets were present. There was no neoplastic involvement of the cervix, ovaries, and iliac lymph nodes. @entity5 cells and hyaline globules were strongly immunoreactive with @entity160 antibody. The @entity1 refused chemotherapy and was subsequently treated by external radiotherapy. The @entity1 remained free of disease 28 months after surgery. There are only four additional cases of primary @entity2970 of the endometrium reported in literature. On the basis of the small number of cases reported, such @entity5 appear to have clinical and pathological features similar to their ovarian counterparts.

title: Primary XXXX of the endometrium: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['YST', 'yolk sac tumor']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

answer: @entity2970 :: (MESH:D018240,Disease) :: ['yolk sac tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity13904 is an uncommon @entity1350 , one of intermediate-grade @entity5 . @entity13904 is rare and often associated with multiple site involvement. CASES: Three @entity1 with cutaneous EHE without systemic involvement in one case, with skin, @entity409 in two others cases are reported. One @entity1 is in complete remission after one year. The second @entity1 is stable without treatment after ten years. In the third @entity1 , alpha interferon given for one year don't produce effective results and the lesions do not progress without treatment after eight years of follow-up. DISCUSSION: Cutaneous presentation of EHE is quite variable. After the diagnosis is done, systemic involvement must be detected specially in bone, liver or lung. Metastatic spread or mulitcentric origin of the @entity5 are a matter of controversy. The pathobiologic behavior of EHE is not clearly recognized. Little data are available regarding the results of treatment with alpha interferon.

title: [ XXXX : disease course in 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver and lung tumoral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity13904 :: ('MESH:D018323', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma', 'Cutaneous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity13904 :: (MESH:D018323,Disease) :: ['Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We earlier demonstrated that oral @entity10211 can be associated with @entity3428 in @entity1 with acne. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causal relationships of the different etiologies in case of unsuccessful treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group included 120 @entity1 with late-onset acne resistant to different treatment and signs of @entity3428 . A complete hormone work-up was obtained in all @entity1 . There was a group of 23 @entity1 who failed to respond to @entity10211 and 97 @entity1 in the control group. Unsuccessful treatment was defined as persistance of grade 2 lesions after a mean cumulative dose of 166 mg/kg @entity10211 . RESULTS: In the non-responders to @entity10211 , @entity3428 was observed in 22 out of 23 cases: pituitary (n = 2), adrenal (n = 5), ovarian (n = 13), peripheral (n = 2). In the control group, @entity3428 was found in 89 out of 97 @entity1 : pituitary (n = 6), adrenal (n = 45), ovarian (n = 33), peripheral (n = 5). The distribution of two etiologies, ovary and adrenal, demonstrated a significant difference between @entity10211 non-responders and controls, the former having a higher frequency of @entity43 . DISCUSSION: These findings confirm that untreated @entity43 , is a source of unsuccessful treatment with oral @entity10211 .

title: [Acne, @entity3428 and oral XXXX resistance. 23 cases. Therapeutic implications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism, particularly ovarian hyperandrogenism', 'ovarian hyperandrogenism']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['isotretinoin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We earlier demonstrated that oral @entity10211 can be associated with @entity3428 in @entity1 with acne. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causal relationships of the different etiologies in case of unsuccessful treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group included 120 @entity1 with late-onset acne resistant to different treatment and signs of @entity3428 . A complete hormone work-up was obtained in all @entity1 . There was a group of 23 @entity1 who failed to respond to @entity10211 and 97 @entity1 in the control group. Unsuccessful treatment was defined as persistance of grade 2 lesions after a mean cumulative dose of 166 mg/kg @entity10211 . RESULTS: In the non-responders to @entity10211 , @entity3428 was observed in 22 out of 23 cases: pituitary (n = 2), adrenal (n = 5), ovarian (n = 13), peripheral (n = 2). In the control group, @entity3428 was found in 89 out of 97 @entity1 : pituitary (n = 6), adrenal (n = 45), ovarian (n = 33), peripheral (n = 5). The distribution of two etiologies, ovary and adrenal, demonstrated a significant difference between @entity10211 non-responders and controls, the former having a higher frequency of @entity43 . DISCUSSION: These findings confirm that untreated @entity43 , is a source of unsuccessful treatment with oral @entity10211 .

title: [Acne, XXXX and oral @entity10211 resistance. 23 cases. Therapeutic implications].

answer: @entity3428 :: (MESH:D017588,Disease) :: ['hyperandrogenism']


abstract: Considerable evidence suggests that high plasma concentrations of @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity2002 increase the risk of @entity65 . Recent studies report beneficial effects of dietary fiber on @entity453 , although the mechanisms by which high fiber intake reduces the risk of @entity299 are not well understood. This study examined the relation of dietary fiber intake to @entity2289 and @entity2002 concentrations in 883 @entity1 and 1116 @entity1 aged 50.4 +/- 13.8 and 52.1 +/- 13.7 y, respectively, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Diet was assessed with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The natural logarithm was used to transform @entity2289 because of a skewed distribution. In the first through fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, mean (ln) @entity2289 was 6.09, 5.91, 5.88, 5.82, and 5.67 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity1 and 5.50, 5.37, 5.39, 5.23, and 5.18 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity1 . Multiple regression showed that when the lowest was compared with the second, third, fourth, and fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, (ln) @entity2289 was 0.21, 0.25, 0.22, and 0.32 pmol/L lower in @entity1 (P for trend = 0.009) and 0.08, 0.06, 0.14, and 0.20 pmol/L lower in @entity1 (P for trend = 0.037), respectively, with anthropometric, lifestyle, and metabolic factors adjusted for. No significant association was found between fiber intake and @entity2002 . Waist-hip ratio did not modify the relation of fiber intake to @entity2289 (P for interaction = 0.39 for @entity1 and 0.36 for @entity1 ). These data suggest that higher fiber intake is inversely associated with @entity2289 , but not with @entity2002 concentration.

title: Relation between dietary fiber consumption and XXXX and @entity2289 : The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: Considerable evidence suggests that high plasma concentrations of @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity2002 increase the risk of @entity65 . Recent studies report beneficial effects of dietary fiber on @entity453 , although the mechanisms by which high fiber intake reduces the risk of @entity299 are not well understood. This study examined the relation of dietary fiber intake to @entity2289 and @entity2002 concentrations in 883 @entity1 and 1116 @entity1 aged 50.4 +/- 13.8 and 52.1 +/- 13.7 y, respectively, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Diet was assessed with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The natural logarithm was used to transform @entity2289 because of a skewed distribution. In the first through fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, mean (ln) @entity2289 was 6.09, 5.91, 5.88, 5.82, and 5.67 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity1 and 5.50, 5.37, 5.39, 5.23, and 5.18 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity1 . Multiple regression showed that when the lowest was compared with the second, third, fourth, and fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, (ln) @entity2289 was 0.21, 0.25, 0.22, and 0.32 pmol/L lower in @entity1 (P for trend = 0.009) and 0.08, 0.06, 0.14, and 0.20 pmol/L lower in @entity1 (P for trend = 0.037), respectively, with anthropometric, lifestyle, and metabolic factors adjusted for. No significant association was found between fiber intake and @entity2002 . Waist-hip ratio did not modify the relation of fiber intake to @entity2289 (P for interaction = 0.39 for @entity1 and 0.36 for @entity1 ). These data suggest that higher fiber intake is inversely associated with @entity2289 , but not with @entity2002 concentration.

title: Relation between dietary fiber consumption and @entity2002 and XXXX : The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The gatekeeper function of the general practitioner (GP) in the pathway to specialized @entity146 services was investigated in this study, which is part of the Nordic Comparative Study on Sectorized Psychiatry. The question addressed in this paper is whether different sociodemographic and clinical factors as well as factors related to service utilization are associated with referral from the GP compared with self-referrals (including referrals from relatives). METHODS: The study comprised a total of 1413 consecutive @entity1 , admitted during 1 year to five @entity146 centres in four Nordic countries. The centres included in this study were those that accepted non-medical referrals. Only new @entity1 (not in contact with the service for at least 18 months) were included. RESULTS: Increasing age was the only sociodemographic factor significantly associated with referral by the GP. The clinical factors ( @entity716 , being totally new to psychiatry and being in need of in- @entity1 treatment) and some treatment characteristics (planned out- @entity1 treatment and involuntary in- @entity1 treatment), were all significantly associated with referral by the GP. Some indication was found that self-referred @entity1 have shorter episodes of care. CONCLUSIONS: The findings were remarkably stable across the different centres indicating a general pattern. This study extends previous work on the role of GPs in the pathway to specialized @entity146 services and indicates that the GP has an important gatekeeper function for the most disabled @entity1 .

title: Factors associated with referral to XXXX care by general practitioners compared with self-referrals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: High-affinity @entity143 receptor @entity2228 recognition site antagonists protect brain tissue from @entity2806 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity30598 ( @entity30598 ), a selective @entity143 receptor antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the @entity2228 binding site, was examined in @entity35 cortical mixed neuronal/glial cultures. @entity30598 alone did not alter spontaneous @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Treatment with @entity30598 (0.1-10 microM) before 500 microM @entity2227 , 30 microM @entity143 , or 300 microM @entity4176 exposure was found to reduce LDH release in a concentration-dependent fashion. These effects were altered by adding @entity2228 to the medium. @entity2228 (1 mM) partially reversed the effect of @entity30598 on @entity4176 @entity137 . @entity2228 (100 microM-1 mM) completely blocked the effects of @entity30598 on @entity2227 and @entity143 @entity137 . The @entity2228 concentration that produced a half-maximal potentiation of excitotoxin-induced LDH release in the presence of 1.0 microM @entity30598 was similar for @entity2227 and @entity143 (18 +/- 3 and 29 +/- 9 microM, respectively). @entity30598 also reduced @entity4176 @entity137 in cultures treated with @entity3390 . The effects of @entity2228 and @entity30598 on @entity2227 -induced LDH release were consistent with a model of simple competitive interaction for the @entity1026 -insensitive @entity143 receptor @entity2228 recognition site, although nonspecific effects at the @entity4176 receptor may be of lesser importance.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity143 receptor XXXX recognition site antagonism: dependence on @entity2228 concentration.

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine', 'Glycine']

entities_list: @entity30598 :: ('MESH:C092062', 'Chemical') :: ['ACEA 1021', '5-nitro-6,7-dichloro-2,3-quinoxalinedione']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: High-affinity @entity143 receptor @entity2228 recognition site antagonists protect brain tissue from @entity2806 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity30598 ( @entity30598 ), a selective @entity143 receptor antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the @entity2228 binding site, was examined in @entity35 cortical mixed neuronal/glial cultures. @entity30598 alone did not alter spontaneous @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Treatment with @entity30598 (0.1-10 microM) before 500 microM @entity2227 , 30 microM @entity143 , or 300 microM @entity4176 exposure was found to reduce LDH release in a concentration-dependent fashion. These effects were altered by adding @entity2228 to the medium. @entity2228 (1 mM) partially reversed the effect of @entity30598 on @entity4176 @entity137 . @entity2228 (100 microM-1 mM) completely blocked the effects of @entity30598 on @entity2227 and @entity143 @entity137 . The @entity2228 concentration that produced a half-maximal potentiation of excitotoxin-induced LDH release in the presence of 1.0 microM @entity30598 was similar for @entity2227 and @entity143 (18 +/- 3 and 29 +/- 9 microM, respectively). @entity30598 also reduced @entity4176 @entity137 in cultures treated with @entity3390 . The effects of @entity2228 and @entity30598 on @entity2227 -induced LDH release were consistent with a model of simple competitive interaction for the @entity1026 -insensitive @entity143 receptor @entity2228 recognition site, although nonspecific effects at the @entity4176 receptor may be of lesser importance.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity143 receptor @entity2228 recognition site antagonism: dependence on XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: High-affinity @entity143 receptor @entity2228 recognition site antagonists protect brain tissue from @entity2806 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity30598 ( @entity30598 ), a selective @entity143 receptor antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the @entity2228 binding site, was examined in @entity35 cortical mixed neuronal/glial cultures. @entity30598 alone did not alter spontaneous @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Treatment with @entity30598 (0.1-10 microM) before 500 microM @entity2227 , 30 microM @entity143 , or 300 microM @entity4176 exposure was found to reduce LDH release in a concentration-dependent fashion. These effects were altered by adding @entity2228 to the medium. @entity2228 (1 mM) partially reversed the effect of @entity30598 on @entity4176 @entity137 . @entity2228 (100 microM-1 mM) completely blocked the effects of @entity30598 on @entity2227 and @entity143 @entity137 . The @entity2228 concentration that produced a half-maximal potentiation of excitotoxin-induced LDH release in the presence of 1.0 microM @entity30598 was similar for @entity2227 and @entity143 (18 +/- 3 and 29 +/- 9 microM, respectively). @entity30598 also reduced @entity4176 @entity137 in cultures treated with @entity3390 . The effects of @entity2228 and @entity30598 on @entity2227 -induced LDH release were consistent with a model of simple competitive interaction for the @entity1026 -insensitive @entity143 receptor @entity2228 recognition site, although nonspecific effects at the @entity4176 receptor may be of lesser importance.

title: Neuroprotective effects of XXXX receptor @entity2228 recognition site antagonism: dependence on @entity2228 concentration.

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: Our objective was to study whether islet amyloid polypeptide ( @entity18670 ) produces satiety by an endocrine mechanism. We used a @entity35 model to determine whether postprandial plasma levels of @entity18670 are comparable to those required to inhibit feeding when @entity18670 is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. Food intake in @entity35 with aortic catheters increased plasma @entity18670 levels from a fasting level of 10.8 +/- 0.5 pM to a peak level of 19.0 +/- 1.0 pM at 2.2 +/- 0.5 h. In @entity35 with jugular vein and aortic catheters, the threshold intravenous dose for @entity18670 suppression of feeding was between 1 and 3 pmol . kg-1 . min-1. The 3 pmol . kg-1 . min-1 dose decreased 4-h intake by approximately 25% by decreasing meal frequency rather than meal size. This dose increased plasma @entity18670 by approximately 24 pM. These results suggest that postprandial plasma levels of @entity18670 are not quite sufficient to independently produce satiety.

title: Sufficiency of postprandial plasma levels of islet amyloid polypeptide for suppression of feeding in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study showed that inhaled @entity1483 greatly improves experimentally induced @entity1353 in @entity1 . The objective of the current study is to test the hypothesis that inhaled @entity1483 suppresses the behavioral response to airway occlusion without changing the behavioral response to a somatic noxious stimulus in anesthetized animals. METHODS: In 10 spontaneously breathing @entity468 anesthetized with @entity5161 , anesthetic @entity2613 (50) was determined by measuring an end-tidal anesthetic concentration while observing escape behavior. The monitored behavior consisted of purposeful movement of the head and forearm after endotracheal tube occlusion. The duration from the start of airway occlusion to the onset of the positive response (DOCCL) was measured at the highest concentration of @entity5161 permitting the positive motor response to airway occlusion before pretreatment. @entity2613 (50) values (minimum alveolar concentration) for the suppression of a somatic motor response to a noxious stimulus induced by toe pinch (toe-pinch @entity2613 (50)) were also determined. Then, the effects of inhaled @entity1483 or vehicle on the @entity2613 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion, DOCCL, and toe-pinch @entity2613 (50) were evaluated in a randomized, cross-over design. RESULTS: The @entity2613 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and DOCCL was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01) after @entity1483 inhalation, whereas @entity4185 did not change these measurements. The decrease in @entity2613 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion after @entity1483 inhalation lasted 3 h. @entity1483 inhalation did not affect the toe-pinch @entity2613 (50). CONCLUSION: Inhaled @entity1483 suppressed the behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized animals without affecting the response to somatic noxious stimulus. The authors' animal model of @entity649 may be applicable to the study of @entity1353 in regard to its mechanism and treatment.

title: Inhaled @entity1483 inhibits behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide', 'Furosemide']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['vehicle inhalation']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study showed that inhaled @entity1483 greatly improves experimentally induced @entity1353 in @entity1 . The objective of the current study is to test the hypothesis that inhaled @entity1483 suppresses the behavioral response to airway occlusion without changing the behavioral response to a somatic noxious stimulus in anesthetized animals. METHODS: In 10 spontaneously breathing @entity468 anesthetized with @entity5161 , anesthetic @entity2613 (50) was determined by measuring an end-tidal anesthetic concentration while observing escape behavior. The monitored behavior consisted of purposeful movement of the head and forearm after endotracheal tube occlusion. The duration from the start of airway occlusion to the onset of the positive response (DOCCL) was measured at the highest concentration of @entity5161 permitting the positive motor response to airway occlusion before pretreatment. @entity2613 (50) values (minimum alveolar concentration) for the suppression of a somatic motor response to a noxious stimulus induced by toe pinch (toe-pinch @entity2613 (50)) were also determined. Then, the effects of inhaled @entity1483 or vehicle on the @entity2613 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion, DOCCL, and toe-pinch @entity2613 (50) were evaluated in a randomized, cross-over design. RESULTS: The @entity2613 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and DOCCL was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01) after @entity1483 inhalation, whereas @entity4185 did not change these measurements. The decrease in @entity2613 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion after @entity1483 inhalation lasted 3 h. @entity1483 inhalation did not affect the toe-pinch @entity2613 (50). CONCLUSION: Inhaled @entity1483 suppressed the behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized animals without affecting the response to somatic noxious stimulus. The authors' animal model of @entity649 may be applicable to the study of @entity1353 in regard to its mechanism and treatment.

title: Inhaled XXXX inhibits behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized @entity468 .

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complications and oncologic and functional results of preoperative radiochemotherapy and sphincter-saving resection for T3 @entity5 of the lower third of the rectum. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: @entity189 of the lower third of the rectum (i.e., located at or below 6 cm from the anal verge) are usually treated by abdominoperineal resection, especially for @entity75 . Few data are available evaluating concomitant chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy for increasing sphincter-saving resection in low @entity5 . METHODS: Between 1995 and 1999, 43 @entity1 underwent preoperative radiochemotherapy with conservative surgery for a low @entity5 located a mean of 4.5 cm from the anal verge (range 2-6); 70% of the lesions were less than 2 cm from the anal sphincter. There were 40 T3 and 3 T4 @entity5 . @entity1 received preoperative radiotherapy with a mean dose of 50 Gy (range 40-54) and concomitant chemotherapy with @entity1487 in continuous infusion (n = 36) or bolus (n = 7). Sphincter- saving resection was performed 6 weeks after treatment, in 25 @entity1 by using intersphincteric resection. Coloanal anastomoses were associated with a colonic pouch in 86% of the @entity1 , and all @entity1 had a protecting stoma. RESULTS: There were no deaths related to preoperative radiochemotherapy and surgery. Acute @entity137 was mainly due to @entity294 , with 54% of grade 1 to 2. Four anastomotic @entity292 and two pelvic @entity1410 occurred; all @entity1 but one had closure of the stoma. Distal and radial surgical margins were respectively 23 +/- 8 mm (range 10-40) and 8 +/- 4 mm (range 1-20) and were negative in 98% of the @entity1 . Downstaging (pT0-2N0) was observed in 42% of the @entity1 (18/43) and was associated with a greater radial margin (10 vs. 6 mm; P =.02). After a median follow-up of 30 months, the rate of local recurrence was 2% (1/43), and four @entity1 had distal metastases. Overall and disease-free survival rates were both 85% at 3 years. Functional results were good (Kirwan continence I, II) in 79% of the available @entity1 (n = 37). They were slightly altered by intersphincteric resection (57 vs. 75% of perfect continence; NS) but were significantly improved by a colonic pouch (74 vs. 16%; P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that preoperative radiochemotherapy allowed sphincter-saving resection to be performed with good local control and good functional results in @entity1 with @entity5 that would have required abdominoperineal resection in most instances.

title: Preoperative radiochemotherapy and sphincter-saving resection for T3 XXXX of the lower third of the rectum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumor', 'cancers', 'T3 low rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T3 lesions']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies show an inverse association between height and risk of @entity583 . How height affects survival after @entity583 is uncertain. METHODS: In the Determinants of @entity583 Onset Study, trained interviewers performed chart reviews and face-to-face interviews with 1935 @entity1 hospitalized with @entity583 in 45 US medical centers between 1989 and 1993. We excluded 15 @entity1 with missing information on height. After a search of the National Death Index for @entity1 who died before 1996, we analyzed the relationship of height and survival with Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Of the 1920 eligible @entity1 , 317 (17%) died during a median follow-up of 3.8 years. Height was positively associated with younger age, greater educational attainment, and a lower likelihood of being sedentary among both @entity1 and @entity1 . Height was not associated with long-term survival among @entity1 in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Among @entity1 , height was associated with survival only in unadjusted analyses; adjustment for age eliminated this association. We found no relationship between height and survival in any individual age group among @entity1 or @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although stature may be associated with the risk of @entity583 , it is not associated with long-term survival after such an event.

title: Height is not associated with long-term survival after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity1 alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) exists as an heterogeneous population of two or three genetic variants ( @entity5064 F1 and/or S and @entity70729 A) in the plasma of most individuals. The @entity5064 and @entity70729 variants have a separate genetic origin. AAG belongs to the acute-phase proteins, which, under conditions of @entity32 , increase several-fold in concentration. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that it is not only the concentration but also the distribution of the two gene products of AAG ( @entity5064 and @entity70729 ) that alter in such conditions. Variations of the relative concentrations of the AAG variants in certain diseases, such as @entity5 , can only be shown by reference to data collected in healthy @entity1 . In this study, we have investigated a group of 74 healthy subjects (42 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ) for AAG concentrations, AAG phenotypes and relative proportions of genetic variants in plasma. The specific assay of AAG was carried out by an immunonephelometric method and the phenotyping was performed, after desialylation of AAG, by analytical isoelectric focusing. Detection of the AAG variants was made by immunoblotting and their relative proportions were determined by laser densitometry analysis. The AAG plasma concentrations in the healthy group ranged between 0.28 and 0.92 g/l (mean value 0.50+/-0.14 g/l). The relative proportions of the variants derived from the two genes of AAG were variable, depending on the individual, but the amount of @entity5064 variants almost always exceeded that of the @entity70729 variant. No sex-related differences were observed in respect either in the total AAG level nor the relative proportions of the @entity5064 and @entity70729 variants. The data collected in this study may serve as a reference towards the investigation of possible changes in the expression of the genetic variants of AAG in chronic inflammatory diseases.

title: Study of the expression of the genetic variants of XXXX alpha1-acid glycoprotein in healthy subjects using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Human', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score and to identify other prognosis factors in severe, @entity1230 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study over a 9-year period. SETTING: A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in a University Hospital. @entity1 AND @entity1 : One hundred and thirty-three traumatized @entity1 , 8.6 years (8 months-16 years), were reviewed. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Pediatric @entity130 Score (PTS), @entity130 ( @entity130 ), New @entity130 (NISS), Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, and PRISM were calculated. The areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC Az) curves, were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The mortality rate was 25.6%. PRISM performed well for discrimination between survivors and non-survivors. Az PRISM 0.9387 (0.029) was not different from Az GCS score 0.9451 (0.027) (P=0.568), but was significantly different from Az @entity130 0.756 (0.052) (P<0.001), Az NISS 0.7606 (0.051) (P<0.001), and Az PTS 0.8244 (0.047) (P=0.016). Death was significantly associated with @entity542 (P=0.014), PRISM >35, PTS <5, GCS <7, and @entity130 or NISS >32 (P<0.00001). PRISM >35 (P=0.001) and GCS <7 (P=0.003) were independent risk factors of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: PRISM is a reliable tool for evaluating the prognosis of multiple, severely traumatized @entity1 . Its relative simplicity and the fact that it is extremely widespread as a general prognosis score in PICUs represent other arguments for its use. Due to the leading influence of @entity542 on mortality, GCS, a score even simpler than PRISM, showed identical accuracy regarding survival prediction.

title: Evaluating the prognosis of multiple, severely traumatized XXXX in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ISS', 'Trauma', 'Injury Severity Score']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: P maximum and P dispersion are evaluated as predictors of @entity955 in adults. In this study, these variables are being investigated in @entity1 with secundum @entity2438 in comparison with that of normal controls and in relation to size of @entity2438 and the presence or absence of @entity384 . METHODS: Ninety-four @entity1 with isolated secundum @entity2438 (33 @entity1 , 60 @entity1 ; mean +/- SD age at diagnosis 2.9 +/- 4.1 years) and 65 age-matched controls (mean +/- SD age 4.2 +/- 4.2 years) were evaluated. Resting 12-lead ECG was used to measure P waves from which P maximum and P dispersion (difference between maximum and minimum P-wave duration) were derived. @entity2438 @entity1 were arbitrarily subgrouped according to @entity2438 sizes (small: 1-3 mm, moderate: 4-7 mm, large: > or = 8 mm). The presence of right @entity384 was noted from echocardiography. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2438 had significantly longer mean P dispersion compared to controls (P dispersion: 30.2 +/- 11.1 vs 26.4 +/- 6.6 ms, P = 0.008). Mean P maximum and P dispersion were significantly prolonged with increasing @entity2438 size (P < 0.001). @entity1 with right @entity384 had significantly longer P maximum (102.3 +/- 15.2 vs 82.8 +/- 13.4 ms, P < 0.001) and larger P dispersion (36.1 +/- 12.5 vs 27.6 +/- 9.4 ms, P = 0.003) compared to those without right @entity384 . CONCLUSION: Prolonged @entity13169 time and inhomogeneity of @entity13169 may possibly be present in @entity1 with moderate to large sized @entity2438 and in those with @entity384 .

title: Analysis of P wave and P dispersion in XXXX with secundum atrial septal defect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity13169 :: ('MESH:C563984', 'Disease') :: ['atrial conduction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harm of administering anticonvulsants to @entity1 of 37 weeks gestation or more following perinatal @entity1763 with the primary aims of prevention of @entity204 or subsequent severe @entity245 and/or the prevention of @entity410 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Relevant randomised controlled trials were identified using a combination of electronic database searches (MEDLINE and EMBASE), hand searches and a search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised, or quasi-randomised, controlled clinical trials with reported data comparing the following outcomes: mortality, @entity245 , neonatal @entity410 and adverse events, following anticonvulsant therapy in term @entity1 (37 weeks or more), compared to controls with or without placebo, following perinatal @entity1763 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Methodological quality and validity of studies were assessed without consideration of the results. Data relevant to the outcome were extracted and analysed. MAIN RESULTS: Five randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials which met the selection criteria were identified. No studies were of sufficient methodological quality and size to demonstrate a valid, clinically significant change in the risk of mortality or severe @entity245 . A meta-analysis combining three studies comparing barbiturates with conventional therapy following perinatal @entity1763 demonstrated no difference in risks of @entity204 , severe @entity245 , or @entity204 or severe @entity245 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: At the present time, anticonvulsant therapy to term @entity1 in the immediate period following perinatal @entity1763 cannot be recommended for routine clinical practice, other than in the treatment of prolonged or frequent clinical @entity410 . Any future studies should be of high quality: randomised control trials with allocation concealment, performance and outcome assessment blinding. Such studies should be of sufficient size, with minimal attrition, to have the power to detect clinically important reductions in mortality and severe @entity245 , as the primary outcome measures.

title: Anticonvulsants for preventing mortality and morbidity in full term newborns with perinatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disability']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']