abstract: Epidermal inclusion cyst is one of the common @entity8650 , and it can be easily confirmed and treated by surgical excision. We experienced a @entity1 who had multiple masses on the face and scalp region, and the masses had been misdiagnosed as @entity4786 because of accompanying @entity1032 . We would like to introduce a case of clinical diagnosis error caused by the lack of radiologic evaluation and pathologic confirmation. A 27-year-old male @entity1 visited with multiple masses, with a length of approximately 1 to 10 cm on the face and scalp region. These mass have developed since childhood without known etiology, and there has been no histologic examination or surgical excision done in the past. The @entity1 's history of @entity302 and @entity1032 led the primary clinician to diagnose it as @entity4786 in the initial stage, and therefore, the clinician gave an advice on the possibility of frequent recurrence to the @entity1 . As the masses increased in size, the @entity1 came to our hospital after all. We found that the masses were soft and mobile through the physical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of epidermal inclusion cyst, which is distinguished from @entity4786 . Based on physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging, we performed total excision and biopsies. On the histologic examination, it was diagnosed as an epidermal inclusion cyst showing keratotic material internally, and the cyst wall was composed of lamellate keratin. The follow-up period was 12 months, and a recurrence has not occurred. The wound was healed without any specific complication, and both the @entity1 and the guardian were satisfied with the physical enhancement. We have observed a misdiagnosed case that was misconceived by the situation, accompanying @entity1032 . Due to this misconception, any surgical treatment was not performed at all, and the symptoms eventually worsened as multiple huge epidermal inclusion cysts. We present this case with a brief review of literature.

title: Multiple huge epidermal inclusion cysts mistaken as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['benign soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity4786 :: (MESH:D017253,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1168 requiring pacemaker placement is a relatively common complication after surgical ablation for @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We report our experience with surgical ablation procedures using various energy modalities and lesion sets in an attempt to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative pacemaker requirement. METHODS: Intraoperative data were collected prospectively, and preoperative and postoperative data were collected retrospectively. Energy modality and lesion sets used were dependent on availability on the date of the procedure and surgeon preference. RESULTS: From October 1999 to October 2009, 701 @entity1 underwent surgical ablation for @entity955 at our institution. Forty-five @entity1 (7.6%) required early postoperative pacemaker placement. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or associated procedures between @entity1 who required pacemaker placement and those who did not. Ninety-day mortality was greater in @entity1 requiring pacemaker placement (15.6% versus 6.6%; p = 0.025). In multivariable analysis, a pacemaker requirement was more likely with the use of microwave energy (odds ratio [OR] 2.87; confidence interval [CI], 1.41 to 5.84; p = 0.004) and a right @entity75 set (OR, 2.82; CI, 1.07 to 7.45; p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, over our 10-year experience with surgical @entity955 ablations, the incidence of pacemaker requirement was much lower than that reported in series of classic "cut and sew" Maze procedures, even among @entity1 undergoing full biatrial ablations. Although biatrial ablation is currently our favored approach to @entity1 with long-standing or persistent @entity955 , right @entity75 sets increase the risk of this complication and should be used judiciously.

title: Incidence and predictors of pacemaker placement after surgical ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial lesion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate if repeated verbal instructions about physical activity to @entity1 with @entity64 could increase long term physical activity. DESIGN: Multicentre, multinational, randomised clinical trial with masked outcome assessment. SETTING: @entity64 units in Denmark, China, Poland, and Estonia. @entity1 : 314 @entity1 with @entity64 aged >or=40 years who were able to walk-157 (mean age 69.7 years) randomised to the intervention, 157 (mean age 69.4 years) in the control group. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 randomised to the intervention were instructed in a detailed training programme before discharge and at five follow-up visits during 24 months. Control @entity1 had follow-up visits with the same frequency but without instructions in physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical activity assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) at each visit. Secondary outcomes were clinical events. RESULTS: The estimated mean PASE scores were 69.1 in the intervention group and 64.0 in the control group (difference 5.0 (95% confidence interval -5.8 to 15.9), P=0.36. The intervention had no significant effect on mortality, recurrent @entity64 , @entity583 , or falls and @entity174 . CONCLUSION: Repeated encouragement and verbal instruction in being physically active did not lead to a significant increase in physical activity measured by the PASE score. More intensive strategies seem to be needed to promote physical activity after @entity64 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials NCT00132483.

title: ExStroke Pilot Trial of the effect of repeated instructions to improve physical activity after XXXX : a multinational randomised controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: In @entity1 with repeated @entity1321 after open abdominal surgery, aerophagia associated with disturbances in gastrointestinal passage causes the accumulation of large amounts of air, resulting in chronic symptoms including @entity490 and distention and consequently @entity3147 . We successfully used percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) for long-term gastric decompression in 2 cases with aerophagia. The first case was a 69-year-old Japanese @entity1 admitted for repeated @entity1321 after an appendectomy. After the last surgery for @entity1321 , the @entity1 experienced repeated @entity1661 and @entity448 , resulting in @entity353 and @entity3147 . The second case was a 79-year-old @entity1 complaining of @entity490 and distention. He had a history of resection of the lower pharynx and larynx owing to total laryngectomy and had received a permanent tracheostomy. He then underwent surgery for @entity1321 . Because the @entity1 ' abdominal symptoms were unresponsive to administration of a peristalsis stimulant and a laxative, we performed @entity970 to deflate the gastrointestinal tract. An abdominal x-ray taken after the @entity970 placement showed the elimination of the gas and a remarkable improvement in the @entity6676 , and the abdominal symptoms soon disappeared. These cases highlight the clinical importance and usefulness of @entity970 for gastric decompression in @entity1 with aerophagia associated with repeated @entity1321 .

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for gastric decompression after repeated XXXX after open abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'intestinal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1321 :: (MESH:D007415,Disease) :: ['intestinal obstruction']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1960 and @entity30 of unknown etiology from two previously reported series have been combined and the follow-up studies have been extended to compare the long term postoperative courses of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity18274 ). The combined and updated series of 176 @entity1 , 99% of whom could be traced, provided a mean postoperative follow-up period for @entity31 of 14 years (5 to 31) and @entity18274 of 13.1 years (5 to 36). There were highly significant associations between generally accepted clinical and distributional features of @entity31 and @entity18274 and microscopic findings generally regarded as reliable for each. However, because of spectrum of features was found in each entity, neither clinical and distributional nor microscopic features alone are sufficient for diagnosis in every case. There were no differences in gross or disease-related mortality in @entity31 and @entity18274 whatever the method of diagnosis. After anastomotic procedures in @entity18274 a recurrence rate of 73% was found. After proctocolectomy the ileostomy revision rate (considering all types of those which required further excision of ileum) was higher in @entity18274 than @entity31 whether the diagnoses were based on microscopic, clinical, or @entity18274 , but the differences reached statistical significance only in the comparison of "clinical @entity31 ", with "clinical @entity18274 ". Moreover, after the first 2 postoperative years, the risk of having an ileostomy revision in @entity31 and @entity18274 ( @entity18274 ) per @entity1 year follow-up was virtually identical and there were no cases of @entity5277 . Differences in the clinical courses of @entity31 and @entity18274 after colectomy and ileostomy are of degree and do not reflect the ultimate course or potential for rehabilitation. Decisions regarding surgical therapy should be made independent of the diagnosis of @entity31 or @entity18274 .

title: Ulcerative colitus and XXXX - a comparison of the long term postoperative courses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity18274 :: ('MESH:D009100', 'Disease') :: ['combined criteria', 'CDC']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolitis', "Crohn's disease of the colon"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease of the colon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to establish the clinical presentation and features of @entity158 attacks in @entity1 with recurrent @entity490 (RAP) and @entity1791 . METHODS: We compared the rate of previous appendectomy among 100 consecutive @entity1 with that of 270 control subjects. We also compared the frequency of @entity158 attacks with that reported by @entity1 with functional or organic gastrointestinal RAP. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 had no history of @entity3833 or gross @entity811 , and only 35 had @entity811 at the first visit; 41 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity1791 only because of a family history of @entity1290 associated with RAP. Twenty-nine @entity1 had been previously hospitalized for abdominal symptoms. Sixteen @entity1 and 4 control subjects (1.5%) had undergone a previous appendectomy (P < .0001). Two to 28 months before the diagnosis of @entity1791 , 37 @entity1 underwent abdominal ultrasonography, which did not show urinary stones. Sixty-nine percent of subjects younger than 8 years of age had central/diffuse @entity490 . The mean frequency of @entity158 attacks was 4 to 9 times lower than in @entity1 with functional or organic gastrointestinal RAP. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the inconstant occurrence of @entity3833 and @entity811 , the location of @entity158 in areas other than the flank, and the lack of calculi shown on imaging studies performed after @entity158 attacks, the urologic origin of @entity158 may be overlooked and ineffective procedures performed. The possibility of @entity1791 should be considered in @entity1 with RAP who have a family history of @entity1791 and/or infrequent @entity158 attacks, even when @entity3833 and @entity811 are lacking, and in younger @entity1 even when @entity158 is not lateral.

title: Recurrent @entity490 in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to establish the clinical presentation and features of @entity158 attacks in @entity1 with recurrent @entity490 (RAP) and @entity1791 . METHODS: We compared the rate of previous appendectomy among 100 consecutive @entity1 with that of 270 control subjects. We also compared the frequency of @entity158 attacks with that reported by @entity1 with functional or organic gastrointestinal RAP. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 had no history of @entity3833 or gross @entity811 , and only 35 had @entity811 at the first visit; 41 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity1791 only because of a family history of @entity1290 associated with RAP. Twenty-nine @entity1 had been previously hospitalized for abdominal symptoms. Sixteen @entity1 and 4 control subjects (1.5%) had undergone a previous appendectomy (P < .0001). Two to 28 months before the diagnosis of @entity1791 , 37 @entity1 underwent abdominal ultrasonography, which did not show urinary stones. Sixty-nine percent of subjects younger than 8 years of age had central/diffuse @entity490 . The mean frequency of @entity158 attacks was 4 to 9 times lower than in @entity1 with functional or organic gastrointestinal RAP. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the inconstant occurrence of @entity3833 and @entity811 , the location of @entity158 in areas other than the flank, and the lack of calculi shown on imaging studies performed after @entity158 attacks, the urologic origin of @entity158 may be overlooked and ineffective procedures performed. The possibility of @entity1791 should be considered in @entity1 with RAP who have a family history of @entity1791 and/or infrequent @entity158 attacks, even when @entity3833 and @entity811 are lacking, and in younger @entity1 even when @entity158 is not lateral.

title: Recurrent XXXX in childhood @entity1791 .

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: @entity170 is a worldwide health problem with a high prevalence. Agents for the treatment of @entity170 are classified as either antiresorptive or anabolic. Antiresorptive agents work by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts and, therefore, reducing bone resorption. Currently available antiresorptive agents include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen-receptor modulators, calcitonin and estrogen. Various novel antiresorptive agents are in development. @entity5298 is an important cytokine involved in osteoclast activation; denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to this molecule, has finished a major @entity174 trial. Assessment is underway of odanacatib--an inhibitor of @entity3336 , which is an osteoclast enzyme required for resorption of bone matrix. @entity5445 is being evaluated for the prevention of the nocturnal rise in bone resorption without affecting bone formation. Anabolic agents act by stimulating formation of new bone. The only anabolic agent currently available in the US is teriparatide--recombinant @entity1 @entity461 ( @entity461 )(1-34)--and recombinant @entity1 @entity461 (1-84) is available in Europe. @entity461 stimulates osteoblast function and bone formation. Novel anabolic agents in development include: antibodies such as sclerostin and @entity5741 that target molecules involved in Wnt signaling, a pathway that regulates gene transcription of proteins that are important for osteoblast function; an antagonist to the calcium-sensing receptor; and an activin receptor fusion protein, which functions as an activin antagonist and has shown promise as an anabolic agent in early @entity1 trials.

title: Potential new drug targets for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide 2']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical characteristics of @entity85 that commonly occur in @entity1 with @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) are unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and natural history of @entity154 and @entity1635 in @entity1 with @entity1152 . METHODS: A population-based cohort of 100 adults who had an operation for @entity1152 in our hospital were examined clinically and radiographically for @entity85 . The results were compared with data obtained from normal population-based controls. RESULTS: @entity3574 were observed in 45 @entity1 , predominating in the cervical spine in 38 @entity1 . Any additional anomaly was the most significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR]: 27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 8-100]) for the occurrence of @entity3574 . Scoliosis of >10 degrees was observed in 56 @entity1 , >20 degrees in 11 @entity1 , and >45 degrees in 1 @entity1 . The risk for @entity1635 of >10 degrees was 13-fold (OR: 13 [95% CI: 8.3-21]), and the risk for @entity1635 of >20 degrees was 38-fold (OR: 38 [95% CI: 14-106]) compared with those in the normal population. Thoracotomy-induced rib fusions (OR: 3.6 [95% CI: 0.7-19]) and other associated anomalies (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 0.9-2.9]) were the strongest predictive factors for @entity1635 . The general clinical course of @entity85 was mild, and none of the @entity1 had undergone spinal surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1635 is 13-fold after repair of @entity1152 in relation to general population. Nearly half of the @entity1 have @entity3574 predominating in the cervical spine. Most of these deformities were not diagnosed primarily or during growth. Spinal surgery is rarely indicated.

title: Natural history of @entity154 and XXXX associated with @entity1152 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['spinal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral anomalies', 'Vertebral anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical characteristics of @entity85 that commonly occur in @entity1 with @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) are unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and natural history of @entity154 and @entity1635 in @entity1 with @entity1152 . METHODS: A population-based cohort of 100 adults who had an operation for @entity1152 in our hospital were examined clinically and radiographically for @entity85 . The results were compared with data obtained from normal population-based controls. RESULTS: @entity3574 were observed in 45 @entity1 , predominating in the cervical spine in 38 @entity1 . Any additional anomaly was the most significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR]: 27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 8-100]) for the occurrence of @entity3574 . Scoliosis of >10 degrees was observed in 56 @entity1 , >20 degrees in 11 @entity1 , and >45 degrees in 1 @entity1 . The risk for @entity1635 of >10 degrees was 13-fold (OR: 13 [95% CI: 8.3-21]), and the risk for @entity1635 of >20 degrees was 38-fold (OR: 38 [95% CI: 14-106]) compared with those in the normal population. Thoracotomy-induced rib fusions (OR: 3.6 [95% CI: 0.7-19]) and other associated anomalies (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 0.9-2.9]) were the strongest predictive factors for @entity1635 . The general clinical course of @entity85 was mild, and none of the @entity1 had undergone spinal surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1635 is 13-fold after repair of @entity1152 in relation to general population. Nearly half of the @entity1 have @entity3574 predominating in the cervical spine. Most of these deformities were not diagnosed primarily or during growth. Spinal surgery is rarely indicated.

title: Natural history of @entity154 and @entity1635 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical characteristics of @entity85 that commonly occur in @entity1 with @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) are unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and natural history of @entity154 and @entity1635 in @entity1 with @entity1152 . METHODS: A population-based cohort of 100 adults who had an operation for @entity1152 in our hospital were examined clinically and radiographically for @entity85 . The results were compared with data obtained from normal population-based controls. RESULTS: @entity3574 were observed in 45 @entity1 , predominating in the cervical spine in 38 @entity1 . Any additional anomaly was the most significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR]: 27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 8-100]) for the occurrence of @entity3574 . Scoliosis of >10 degrees was observed in 56 @entity1 , >20 degrees in 11 @entity1 , and >45 degrees in 1 @entity1 . The risk for @entity1635 of >10 degrees was 13-fold (OR: 13 [95% CI: 8.3-21]), and the risk for @entity1635 of >20 degrees was 38-fold (OR: 38 [95% CI: 14-106]) compared with those in the normal population. Thoracotomy-induced rib fusions (OR: 3.6 [95% CI: 0.7-19]) and other associated anomalies (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 0.9-2.9]) were the strongest predictive factors for @entity1635 . The general clinical course of @entity85 was mild, and none of the @entity1 had undergone spinal surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1635 is 13-fold after repair of @entity1152 in relation to general population. Nearly half of the @entity1 have @entity3574 predominating in the cervical spine. Most of these deformities were not diagnosed primarily or during growth. Spinal surgery is rarely indicated.

title: Natural history of XXXX and @entity1635 associated with @entity1152 .

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['spinal anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pseudotumors of the orbit comprise a group of idiopathic inflammatory processes and are, except for @entity4903 , the most common reason for exophthalmos in adults. @entity6436 , also called @entity2694 ( @entity2694 ), can be determined from orbital involvement in systemic fibrosing diseases. Finding the correct diagnosis can be challenging. Due to the topographic relations of the orbit to neighbouring structures, a multidisciplinary cooperation is highly recommended. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 42-year-old @entity1 with unilateral exophthalmos. Additionally we found impaired motility of the affected bulbus, @entity227 . Orbital MR imaging demonstrated dense fibrotic masses filling the whole orbita including the extraocular muscles as well as the optic nerve. Tissue specimens were extracted while performing orbital decompression via a lateral orbitotomy. Histological examination revealed a lymphatic infiltration and fibrotically destroyed tissue containing the lacrimal gland. After surgical decompression, oral @entity134 therapy and immunotherapy, a recovery of the @entity227 could be seen. CONCLUSIONS: Intraorbital fibrosclerosing @entity6437 often require a difficult long-term treatment. Therapeutic options are @entity134 therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. The diagnostic steps include blood tests, ultrasound, CT and/or MRI as well as histological differentiation. @entity5 and orbital involvement in diseases of the hematopoetic system have to be excluded. Since intraorbital fibrosis can be accompanied by manifestations in various other organs, a complete investigation of the body and thorough follow up are crucial.

title: [ @entity2694 ( XXXX ): diagnosis and therapy].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'ptosis and reduction of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['IOIS', 'idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['Orbital pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine orbitopathy']

answer: @entity6436 :: (MESH:D016727,Disease) :: ['orbital pseudotumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pseudotumors of the orbit comprise a group of idiopathic inflammatory processes and are, except for @entity4903 , the most common reason for exophthalmos in adults. @entity6436 , also called @entity2694 ( @entity2694 ), can be determined from orbital involvement in systemic fibrosing diseases. Finding the correct diagnosis can be challenging. Due to the topographic relations of the orbit to neighbouring structures, a multidisciplinary cooperation is highly recommended. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 42-year-old @entity1 with unilateral exophthalmos. Additionally we found impaired motility of the affected bulbus, @entity227 . Orbital MR imaging demonstrated dense fibrotic masses filling the whole orbita including the extraocular muscles as well as the optic nerve. Tissue specimens were extracted while performing orbital decompression via a lateral orbitotomy. Histological examination revealed a lymphatic infiltration and fibrotically destroyed tissue containing the lacrimal gland. After surgical decompression, oral @entity134 therapy and immunotherapy, a recovery of the @entity227 could be seen. CONCLUSIONS: Intraorbital fibrosclerosing @entity6437 often require a difficult long-term treatment. Therapeutic options are @entity134 therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. The diagnostic steps include blood tests, ultrasound, CT and/or MRI as well as histological differentiation. @entity5 and orbital involvement in diseases of the hematopoetic system have to be excluded. Since intraorbital fibrosis can be accompanied by manifestations in various other organs, a complete investigation of the body and thorough follow up are crucial.

title: [ XXXX ( @entity6436 ): diagnosis and therapy].

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate tolerability and glycemic control over 26 weeks in @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) who initiated insulin with, or switched to, biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 ( @entity14184 ) in routine clinical care. METHODS: This was a non-randomized, non-interventional, open-label, observational study involving @entity1 under the care of approximately 150 insulin-prescribing physicians in Denmark. All @entity1 enrolled were prescribed @entity14184 in routine care. Starting dose, dose titration and injection frequency were determined individually by each physician. Information on serious adverse drug reactions (SADR), glycemic parameters and hypoglycemic events were obtained from @entity1 ' notes, @entity1 ' diaries and recall, and transferred to case report forms by physicians at baseline (during 4 weeks prior to @entity14184 therapy) and after 12 and 26 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: 421 subjects were recruited and 392 provided safety data. The age (mean +/- SD) was 62.0 +/- 11.4 years, body mass index (BMI) 30.4 +/- 6.4 kg/m(2), duration of @entity6 9.1 +/- 8.1 years and HbA1c (%) 9.4 +/- 1.7. 199 subjects were prior insulin users and 193 were insulin-na  ve @entity1 . Four @entity1 reported a SADR (3 @entity4053 , 1 severe @entity4053 ). HbA1c was significantly reduced after 26 weeks of @entity14184 therapy: prior insulin users -1.2%, insulin-na  ve @entity1 -2.2% (both p < 0.001). 28% and 41% of @entity1 , respectively, reached target @entity4051 c < 7%. Overall the @entity4053 rate was lower for insulin-na  ve @entity1 than for prior insulin users: 5.0 vs. 6.6 episodes/ @entity1 -year (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Initiating insulin with, or switching insulin to, @entity14184 in routine care was safe and effective in @entity1 with @entity2175 .

title: Initiating or switching to biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 therapy in subjects with XXXX . An observational study.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adequate nodal staging of @entity694 has been defined as pathologic examination of at least 12 lymph nodes. We sought to refine this definition by quantifying the likelihood that a pathologically node-negative @entity1 has, indeed, no positive nodes. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage I-III @entity420 of the colon between 1994 and 2005 and had at least one lymph node pathologically examined were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (n = 131,953). We estimated the sensitivity of the pathologic staging of locoregional spread using a beta-binomial model and developed the nodal staging score (NSS), which is the probability that a @entity1 is correctly staged as node negative. NSS is a function of T stage and the number of examined nodes. RESULTS: The probability of missing a positive node that is in fact truly present is 29.7% if five nodes are examined, 20.0% if eight are examined, and drops to 13.6% for 12 nodes are examined. An NSS of 90% can be achieved by examining a single node for T1 and four nodes for T2 @entity5 . To maintain similar levels of NSS for T3, 13 nodes need to be examined and for T4 lesions, 21 nodes need to be examined. Graphical and tabular tools are provided to facilitate calculation of NSS and treatment decision making in practice. CONCLUSION: The minimum number of examined nodes for adequate staging depends on the T stage. The score we developed indicates the adequacy of nodal staging for @entity1 with no positive nodes and can assist clinical decision making in the @entity1 without nodal @entity3 .

title: Nodal staging score: a tool to assess adequate staging of node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the association between mitochondrial mutagenesis and the proinflammatory microenvironment in @entity1 with @entity625 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity625 underwent arthroscopy and synovial tissue biopsies, synovial fluid and clinical assessment were obtained. Fifteen @entity1 pre/post-TNFi therapy were also recruited. Normal synovial biopsies were obtained from 10 subjects undergoing interventional arthroscopy. Macroscopic @entity603 /vascularity was measured by visual analogue scale. Cell-specific markers CD3 (T cells) and @entity469 (macrophages) were quantified by immunohistology. @entity310 , @entity650 , IFNy and @entity1356 were measured in synovial fluids by MSD multiplex assays. Synovial tissue mitochondrial mutagenesis was quantified using a mitochondrial random mutation capture assay (RMCA). The direct effect of @entity310 on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function was assessed in primary cultures of @entity309 synovial fibroblast cells (RASFCs). Mitochondrial mutagenesis, reactive @entity26 species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial mass (MM) were quantified using the RMCA and specific cell fluorescent probes. RESULTS: A significant increase in mtDNA mutation frequency was demonstrated in inflamed synovial tissue compared with control (p<0.05), an effect that was independent of age. mtDNA mutations positively correlated with macroscopic @entity603 (r=0.52, p<0.016), vascularity (r=0.54, p<0.01) and with synovial fluid cytokine levels of @entity310 (r=0.74, p<0.024) and IFNy (r=0.72, p<0.039). mtDNA mutation frequency post-TNFi therapy was significantly lower in @entity1 with a DAS<3.2 (p<0.05) and associated with clinical and microscopic measures of disease (p<0.05). In vitro @entity310 significantly induced mtDNA mutations, ROS, MM and @entity12662 in RASFCs (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION: High mitochondrial mutations are strongly associated with @entity32 showing a direct link between mitochondrial mutations and key proinflammatory pathways.

title: Mitochondrial mutagenesis correlates with the local inflammatory environment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexual life can be severely affected in @entity1 with @entity1569 . However, this component is not often assessed by clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity458 and its degree of association with clinical and personal factors among @entity1569 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity458 was investigated in all eligible adults hospitalized with @entity1569 in a dermatological hospital from February 2000 to February 2002, using answers to specific items from two dermatology-specific questionnaires, and from two @entity1569 -specific questionnaires. Clinical severity and @entity458 were also evaluated. The same questionnaires were collected a month after hospital discharge, to estimate changes from baseline. RESULTS: Of 936 @entity1 ,from 35.5% (Psoriasis Disability Index) to 71.3% (Impact of Psoriasis on Quality of Life Questionnaire) reported to have experienced sexual problems because of @entity1569 . A more severe disease and the presence of @entity458 were also associated with @entity458 . At 1-month follow-up, a reduction of >75% in clinical severity was associated with a twofold probability of substantial improvement of sexual life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity458 is very frequent in @entity1 with @entity1569 . Single questions on sexual life from quality of life questionnaires provide a simple tool that may be useful in clinical practice to assess sensitive issues, and thus to provide better @entity1 -physician communication.

title: Impairment of sexual life in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual life impairment', 'psychological problems', 'sexual impairment', 'Sexual impairment']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexual life can be severely affected in @entity1 with @entity1569 . However, this component is not often assessed by clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity458 and its degree of association with clinical and personal factors among @entity1569 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity458 was investigated in all eligible adults hospitalized with @entity1569 in a dermatological hospital from February 2000 to February 2002, using answers to specific items from two dermatology-specific questionnaires, and from two @entity1569 -specific questionnaires. Clinical severity and @entity458 were also evaluated. The same questionnaires were collected a month after hospital discharge, to estimate changes from baseline. RESULTS: Of 936 @entity1 ,from 35.5% (Psoriasis Disability Index) to 71.3% (Impact of Psoriasis on Quality of Life Questionnaire) reported to have experienced sexual problems because of @entity1569 . A more severe disease and the presence of @entity458 were also associated with @entity458 . At 1-month follow-up, a reduction of >75% in clinical severity was associated with a twofold probability of substantial improvement of sexual life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity458 is very frequent in @entity1 with @entity1569 . Single questions on sexual life from quality of life questionnaires provide a simple tool that may be useful in clinical practice to assess sensitive issues, and thus to provide better @entity1 -physician communication.

title: Impairment of sexual life in XXXX with @entity1569 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Epithelioid @entity2695 or @entity5072 with @entity1712 is an uncommon @entity1350 that is usually located on the face or neck. Exceptionally, it has been described affecting the colon, with only two such cases described in the worldwide literature. The aim here was to present a case of primary @entity2695 of the sigmoid colon with confirmation by immunohistochemical examination. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old @entity1 had had a complaint of intermittent @entity490 for six months. Two months after the condition started, she began to present changes in her intestinal habit, with evacuations containing blood and mucus and a weight loss of 4 kg over this period. At physical examination, a palpable mass was noted in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen. @entity5 of the colon was clinically suspected and she underwent colonoscopy. This demonstrated the presence of a vegetating sessile lesion of approximately 5 cm in diameter, at a distance of 36 cm from the anal margin. It occupied 80% of the intestinal lumen. A biopsy collected during the examination suggested a diagnosis of @entity5 of vascular origin. After surgical resection, histopathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of @entity2695 of the colon, which was backed up by the immunohistochemical panel (factor VIII, Ki-67, @entity2280 ). At present, three years after the surgery, the @entity1 is asymptomatic, she has recovered her normal weight and she has normal findings from control colonoscopy. Despite the rarity of @entity5 of vascular origin, this possibility should be considered in the differential diagnosis for @entity14 .

title: Epithelioid XXXX of the colon: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'epithelioid hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['angiolymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['benign vascular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: @entity2508 has been reported to play a @entity455 associated with mineralocorticoid @entity101 . We hypothesized that, compared with female @entity35 , an upregulation of @entity2508 signaling in the vasculature of male @entity35 contributes to augmented contractile responses in mineralocorticoid @entity101 . Uninephrectomized male and female @entity35 received @entity8147 ( @entity8147 ) pellets (200 mg per animal) and saline to drink for 3 weeks. Control uninephrectomized @entity35 received tap water to drink. Blood pressure, measured by telemetry, was significantly higher in male @entity8147 @entity35 (191+/-3 mm Hg) compared with female @entity8147 @entity35 (172+/-7 mm Hg; n=5). @entity8147 treatment resulted in augmented contractile responses to @entity2647 in aorta (22+/-3 mN; n=6) and small mesenteric arteries (13+/-2 mN; n=6) from male @entity8147 @entity35 versus uninephrectomized male @entity35 (16+/-3 and 10+/-2 mN, respectively; P<0.05) and female @entity8147 @entity35 (15+/-1 and 11+/-1 mN, respectively). @entity2508 inhibition with @entity4286 (10 micromol/L) abrogated increased contraction to @entity2647 in aorta (14+/-2 mN) and small mesenteric arteries (10+/-2 mN) from male @entity8147 @entity35 , without any effects in arteries from male uninephrectomized or female animals. Compared with the other groups, phosphorylated @entity2508 levels were increased in the aorta from male @entity8147 @entity35 , whereas @entity53044 expression was decreased. @entity13358 plasma levels, which positively regulate @entity53044 activity, were reduced in male @entity8147 -salt @entity35 . We speculate that augmented vascular reactivity in male @entity101 @entity35 is mediated via activation of the @entity2508 pathway. In addition, @entity53044 and @entity13358 play regulatory roles in this process.

title: @entity2508 activation, via downregulation of @entity53044 , mediates sex differences in @entity8147 -salt XXXX vascular reactivity.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['role in vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['ERK1/2', 'Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['DOCA', 'desoxycorticosterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity53044 :: ('114856(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity2508 has been reported to play a @entity455 associated with mineralocorticoid @entity101 . We hypothesized that, compared with female @entity35 , an upregulation of @entity2508 signaling in the vasculature of male @entity35 contributes to augmented contractile responses in mineralocorticoid @entity101 . Uninephrectomized male and female @entity35 received @entity8147 ( @entity8147 ) pellets (200 mg per animal) and saline to drink for 3 weeks. Control uninephrectomized @entity35 received tap water to drink. Blood pressure, measured by telemetry, was significantly higher in male @entity8147 @entity35 (191+/-3 mm Hg) compared with female @entity8147 @entity35 (172+/-7 mm Hg; n=5). @entity8147 treatment resulted in augmented contractile responses to @entity2647 in aorta (22+/-3 mN; n=6) and small mesenteric arteries (13+/-2 mN; n=6) from male @entity8147 @entity35 versus uninephrectomized male @entity35 (16+/-3 and 10+/-2 mN, respectively; P<0.05) and female @entity8147 @entity35 (15+/-1 and 11+/-1 mN, respectively). @entity2508 inhibition with @entity4286 (10 micromol/L) abrogated increased contraction to @entity2647 in aorta (14+/-2 mN) and small mesenteric arteries (10+/-2 mN) from male @entity8147 @entity35 , without any effects in arteries from male uninephrectomized or female animals. Compared with the other groups, phosphorylated @entity2508 levels were increased in the aorta from male @entity8147 @entity35 , whereas @entity53044 expression was decreased. @entity13358 plasma levels, which positively regulate @entity53044 activity, were reduced in male @entity8147 -salt @entity35 . We speculate that augmented vascular reactivity in male @entity101 @entity35 is mediated via activation of the @entity2508 pathway. In addition, @entity53044 and @entity13358 play regulatory roles in this process.

title: XXXX activation, via downregulation of @entity53044 , mediates sex differences in @entity8147 -salt @entity101 vascular reactivity.

answer: @entity2508 :: (50689;116590,Gene) :: ['Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']


abstract: @entity2508 has been reported to play a @entity455 associated with mineralocorticoid @entity101 . We hypothesized that, compared with female @entity35 , an upregulation of @entity2508 signaling in the vasculature of male @entity35 contributes to augmented contractile responses in mineralocorticoid @entity101 . Uninephrectomized male and female @entity35 received @entity8147 ( @entity8147 ) pellets (200 mg per animal) and saline to drink for 3 weeks. Control uninephrectomized @entity35 received tap water to drink. Blood pressure, measured by telemetry, was significantly higher in male @entity8147 @entity35 (191+/-3 mm Hg) compared with female @entity8147 @entity35 (172+/-7 mm Hg; n=5). @entity8147 treatment resulted in augmented contractile responses to @entity2647 in aorta (22+/-3 mN; n=6) and small mesenteric arteries (13+/-2 mN; n=6) from male @entity8147 @entity35 versus uninephrectomized male @entity35 (16+/-3 and 10+/-2 mN, respectively; P<0.05) and female @entity8147 @entity35 (15+/-1 and 11+/-1 mN, respectively). @entity2508 inhibition with @entity4286 (10 micromol/L) abrogated increased contraction to @entity2647 in aorta (14+/-2 mN) and small mesenteric arteries (10+/-2 mN) from male @entity8147 @entity35 , without any effects in arteries from male uninephrectomized or female animals. Compared with the other groups, phosphorylated @entity2508 levels were increased in the aorta from male @entity8147 @entity35 , whereas @entity53044 expression was decreased. @entity13358 plasma levels, which positively regulate @entity53044 activity, were reduced in male @entity8147 -salt @entity35 . We speculate that augmented vascular reactivity in male @entity101 @entity35 is mediated via activation of the @entity2508 pathway. In addition, @entity53044 and @entity13358 play regulatory roles in this process.

title: @entity2508 activation, via downregulation of @entity53044 , mediates sex differences in XXXX -salt @entity101 vascular reactivity.

answer: @entity8147 :: (MESH:D003900,Chemical) :: ['desoxycorticosterone acetate']


abstract: @entity2508 has been reported to play a @entity455 associated with mineralocorticoid @entity101 . We hypothesized that, compared with female @entity35 , an upregulation of @entity2508 signaling in the vasculature of male @entity35 contributes to augmented contractile responses in mineralocorticoid @entity101 . Uninephrectomized male and female @entity35 received @entity8147 ( @entity8147 ) pellets (200 mg per animal) and saline to drink for 3 weeks. Control uninephrectomized @entity35 received tap water to drink. Blood pressure, measured by telemetry, was significantly higher in male @entity8147 @entity35 (191+/-3 mm Hg) compared with female @entity8147 @entity35 (172+/-7 mm Hg; n=5). @entity8147 treatment resulted in augmented contractile responses to @entity2647 in aorta (22+/-3 mN; n=6) and small mesenteric arteries (13+/-2 mN; n=6) from male @entity8147 @entity35 versus uninephrectomized male @entity35 (16+/-3 and 10+/-2 mN, respectively; P<0.05) and female @entity8147 @entity35 (15+/-1 and 11+/-1 mN, respectively). @entity2508 inhibition with @entity4286 (10 micromol/L) abrogated increased contraction to @entity2647 in aorta (14+/-2 mN) and small mesenteric arteries (10+/-2 mN) from male @entity8147 @entity35 , without any effects in arteries from male uninephrectomized or female animals. Compared with the other groups, phosphorylated @entity2508 levels were increased in the aorta from male @entity8147 @entity35 , whereas @entity53044 expression was decreased. @entity13358 plasma levels, which positively regulate @entity53044 activity, were reduced in male @entity8147 -salt @entity35 . We speculate that augmented vascular reactivity in male @entity101 @entity35 is mediated via activation of the @entity2508 pathway. In addition, @entity53044 and @entity13358 play regulatory roles in this process.

title: @entity2508 activation, via downregulation of XXXX , mediates sex differences in @entity8147 -salt @entity101 vascular reactivity.

answer: @entity53044 :: (114856(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with unresectable @entity2 or pulmonary metastases, isolated lung perfusion (ILP) has been described as an alternative method to deliver high-dose chemotherapy to the lungs, thereby minimizing systemic @entity137 . Pharmacokinetics of ILP have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of ILP with melphalan in a @entity1707 model with emphasis on pharmacokinetics and @entity697 . METHODS: Five @entity1707 underwent ILP with melphalan. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for determination of melphalan levels. Tissue biopsies were taken for microscopic evaluation of lung damage. RESULTS: During ILP, no hemodynamic effects of importance were noted. No systemic leakage of melphalan was observed in any of the animals. Compared with normal lung tissue, microscopic examination of lung tissue after perfusion without melphalan showed @entity3126 . Directly after melphalan perfusion additional hemorrhagic areas were seen; however, electron microscopy displayed no irreversible endothelial damage. CONCLUSION: This study on @entity1707 proved to be a well reproducible model for ILP with melphalan. Pharmacokinetics show a safety profile with no systemic @entity137 , which could justify further @entity1 studies, necessary to determine its effect on pulmonary metastases in @entity1 , especially in case of adjuvant therapy after surgical resection or in unresectable disease.

title: Isolated lung perfusion with melphalan: pharmacokinetics and XXXX in a @entity1707 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with unresectable @entity2 or pulmonary metastases, isolated lung perfusion (ILP) has been described as an alternative method to deliver high-dose chemotherapy to the lungs, thereby minimizing systemic @entity137 . Pharmacokinetics of ILP have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of ILP with melphalan in a @entity1707 model with emphasis on pharmacokinetics and @entity697 . METHODS: Five @entity1707 underwent ILP with melphalan. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for determination of melphalan levels. Tissue biopsies were taken for microscopic evaluation of lung damage. RESULTS: During ILP, no hemodynamic effects of importance were noted. No systemic leakage of melphalan was observed in any of the animals. Compared with normal lung tissue, microscopic examination of lung tissue after perfusion without melphalan showed @entity3126 . Directly after melphalan perfusion additional hemorrhagic areas were seen; however, electron microscopy displayed no irreversible endothelial damage. CONCLUSION: This study on @entity1707 proved to be a well reproducible model for ILP with melphalan. Pharmacokinetics show a safety profile with no systemic @entity137 , which could justify further @entity1 studies, necessary to determine its effect on pulmonary metastases in @entity1 , especially in case of adjuvant therapy after surgical resection or in unresectable disease.

title: Isolated lung perfusion with melphalan: pharmacokinetics and @entity137 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 would like to die at home, however, this wish still cannot be realized to any satisfactory extent. Provision of qualified palliative care can increase the death rate at home. Distribution of places of death of @entity5 @entity1 in rural locations and possible factors influencing this distribution are still unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the data relating to death certificates of @entity5 @entity1 issued between 1997 and 2003 by the administrative district S  chsische Schweiz'. RESULTS: In small-town and rural locations, the places of death from @entity5 were equally distributed among hospital and home. @entity1 living in a rural location and diagnosed as having @entity0 were more likely to die at home. Since 2001, the number of @entity0 @entity1 dying at home has been increasing. CONCLUSIONS: Rural locations provide favorable conditions for home deaths. High therapy costs and transfer of expensive therapies away from hospitals into the outpatient therapy sector appear to have an effect on the place where @entity1 are finally cared for and where they eventually die. This circumstance meets the wishes of most @entity1 and leads to a relevant cost saving for the healthcare system. An effective and rigorous health and economic policy is necessary in order to realize an extensive home care for terminally ill @entity1 .

title: Places of death from XXXX in a rural location.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A case series of @entity11 treated with alkylator-based chemotherapy who subsequently developed @entity2590 (tMDS) or @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). BACKGROUND: Alkylator-based chemotherapy is recognized to be leukemogenic; however, it is infrequently described as a delayed consequence of anti- @entity11 treatment. METHODS: Seven @entity1 (4 @entity1 ; 3 @entity1 ) ages 34-69 years (median 44), with @entity11 (3 Grade 2; 4 Grade 3) were treated with surgery, all but one with involved-field radiotherapy and all with alkylator-based chemotherapy ( @entity2903 ; 6 @entity1 , nitrosoureas; 5 @entity1 , both agents; 5 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Exposure to alkylator-based chemotherapy ranged from 8 to 30 months (median 24). The diagnosis of tMDS was determined by bone marrow biopsy in 7 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 showed @entity2008 consistent with chemotherapy induced @entity4289 . Three @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3052 as well (in two determined by bone marrow and one at autopsy). Interval from last chemotherapy exposure to diagnosis of tMDS/ @entity3052 ranged from 3 to 31 months (median 24 months). Two @entity1 were treated with bone marrow transplantation and 5 received supportive care only. Five @entity1 have died, 2 as a consequence of recurrent @entity1313 , 1 as a complication of transplantation, and 2 due to @entity3052 . CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, induction of tMDS/ @entity3052 following extended use of alkylator-based chemotherapy may become more relevant with the evolving practice to treat @entity11 for protracted periods. Future work to determine at risk @entity1 would be important.

title: Extended exposure to alkylator chemotherapy: delayed appearance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: Fungi can cause severe invasive @entity281 especially in the immunocompromised host. @entity1 populations at risk are increasing due to ongoing developments in @entity5 treatment and transplantation medicine. Only limited diagnostic tools and few antifungals are available, rendering a significant number of invasive @entity364 life threatening. To reduce mortality rates, a better understanding of the @entity281 processes is urgently required. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful tool for such purposes, since it allows visualisation of temporal and spatial progression of @entity281 in real time. BLI has been successfully used to monitor @entity281 caused by various microorganisms, in particular bacteria. However, first studies have also been performed on the fungi @entity5132 and @entity54 . Although BLI was, in principle, suitable to study the @entity281 process, some limitations remained. Here, different luciferase systems are introduced, and current approaches are summarised. Finally, suggestions for further improvements of @entity364 are provided.

title: Application of bioluminescence imaging for in vivo monitoring of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['BLI to monitor fungal infections', 'fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: The effects of procedures with extracorporeal circulation on the disturbance of relationships between blood @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ), @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels have not been explicitly explained. It is assumed that both @entity1272 and increased concentration of the above mentioned hormones exert adverse effects on the myocardium often causing life threatening disorders. This problem is particularly important in cases of @entity1562 , observed after extracorporeal circulation procedures. The complex nature of the procedures and the intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution (NH) employed are likely to alter @entity4612 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 concentrations, as well as the above mentioned relations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in blood @entity4612 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations in @entity1 undergoing extracorporeal circulation and normovolemic hemodilution. The study encompassed 16 @entity1 operated on for stable @entity301 (I or II degrees according to the Canadian Scale). The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to body weight: A) @entity1 weighing less than 75 kg and B) @entity1 weighing more than 75 kg. The degree of NH caused by constant volume of priming (1800 mL) was determined on the basis of hematocrit measurements and in relation to body weight. The examinations were conducted in 5 stages: 1) after radial artery cannulation before anaesthesia and surgery, 2) during hemodilution and deepest @entity2332 , 3) after surgery before sending the @entity1 to Intensive Postoperative care Unit, 4) in the first postoperative day, 5) in the second postoperative day. The observations showed an increase in @entity1425 levels in group A in the second stage and of @entity1063 levels in stage 4. Decreased blood @entity4612 levels were noted in all the @entity1 in the second stage, however in group A significantly lower values were also observed in stage 3. Moreover, the correlation between @entity4612 level changes and blood @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels were observed. The study revealed significant effects of extracorporeal circulation procedures on adrenergic reactions as well as blood @entity1760 concentrations. It seems that the degree of NH is the main factor determining blood levels of @entity4612 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 during the use of a @entity299 , which may be particularly relevant in @entity1 with @entity299 and low body weight.

title: The relationship between @entity1760 , @entity1425 and XXXX blood concentrations during CABG with normovolemic hemodilution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['stunned myocardium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung apparatus', 'impaired heart function']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: The effects of procedures with extracorporeal circulation on the disturbance of relationships between blood @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ), @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels have not been explicitly explained. It is assumed that both @entity1272 and increased concentration of the above mentioned hormones exert adverse effects on the myocardium often causing life threatening disorders. This problem is particularly important in cases of @entity1562 , observed after extracorporeal circulation procedures. The complex nature of the procedures and the intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution (NH) employed are likely to alter @entity4612 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 concentrations, as well as the above mentioned relations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in blood @entity4612 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations in @entity1 undergoing extracorporeal circulation and normovolemic hemodilution. The study encompassed 16 @entity1 operated on for stable @entity301 (I or II degrees according to the Canadian Scale). The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to body weight: A) @entity1 weighing less than 75 kg and B) @entity1 weighing more than 75 kg. The degree of NH caused by constant volume of priming (1800 mL) was determined on the basis of hematocrit measurements and in relation to body weight. The examinations were conducted in 5 stages: 1) after radial artery cannulation before anaesthesia and surgery, 2) during hemodilution and deepest @entity2332 , 3) after surgery before sending the @entity1 to Intensive Postoperative care Unit, 4) in the first postoperative day, 5) in the second postoperative day. The observations showed an increase in @entity1425 levels in group A in the second stage and of @entity1063 levels in stage 4. Decreased blood @entity4612 levels were noted in all the @entity1 in the second stage, however in group A significantly lower values were also observed in stage 3. Moreover, the correlation between @entity4612 level changes and blood @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels were observed. The study revealed significant effects of extracorporeal circulation procedures on adrenergic reactions as well as blood @entity1760 concentrations. It seems that the degree of NH is the main factor determining blood levels of @entity4612 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 during the use of a @entity299 , which may be particularly relevant in @entity1 with @entity299 and low body weight.

title: The relationship between @entity1760 , XXXX and @entity1063 blood concentrations during CABG with normovolemic hemodilution.

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: The effects of procedures with extracorporeal circulation on the disturbance of relationships between blood @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ), @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels have not been explicitly explained. It is assumed that both @entity1272 and increased concentration of the above mentioned hormones exert adverse effects on the myocardium often causing life threatening disorders. This problem is particularly important in cases of @entity1562 , observed after extracorporeal circulation procedures. The complex nature of the procedures and the intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution (NH) employed are likely to alter @entity4612 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 concentrations, as well as the above mentioned relations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in blood @entity4612 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations in @entity1 undergoing extracorporeal circulation and normovolemic hemodilution. The study encompassed 16 @entity1 operated on for stable @entity301 (I or II degrees according to the Canadian Scale). The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to body weight: A) @entity1 weighing less than 75 kg and B) @entity1 weighing more than 75 kg. The degree of NH caused by constant volume of priming (1800 mL) was determined on the basis of hematocrit measurements and in relation to body weight. The examinations were conducted in 5 stages: 1) after radial artery cannulation before anaesthesia and surgery, 2) during hemodilution and deepest @entity2332 , 3) after surgery before sending the @entity1 to Intensive Postoperative care Unit, 4) in the first postoperative day, 5) in the second postoperative day. The observations showed an increase in @entity1425 levels in group A in the second stage and of @entity1063 levels in stage 4. Decreased blood @entity4612 levels were noted in all the @entity1 in the second stage, however in group A significantly lower values were also observed in stage 3. Moreover, the correlation between @entity4612 level changes and blood @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels were observed. The study revealed significant effects of extracorporeal circulation procedures on adrenergic reactions as well as blood @entity1760 concentrations. It seems that the degree of NH is the main factor determining blood levels of @entity4612 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 during the use of a @entity299 , which may be particularly relevant in @entity1 with @entity299 and low body weight.

title: The relationship between XXXX , @entity1425 and @entity1063 blood concentrations during CABG with normovolemic hemodilution.

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the radiological features of @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ). METHODS: Five @entity1 with @entity3616 were pathologically identified. The chest CT scanning was performed in all @entity1 . The radiological features of @entity3616 were classified into four types according to @entity358 , ground grass opacity (GGO), nodule, and liner or @entity75 . The distribution of lesions were classified according to the single or double lung fields, upper or lower lung field, or the surrounding bronchovascular bundle or subpleural area. The radiological types and distributions of the lesions were analyzed. RESULTS: Among these 5 @entity1 , @entity358 was found in 4 @entity1 , ground grass opacity in 3 @entity1 , nodules in 2 @entity1 , and reticulation in one @entity1 . Various radiological features were also observed at the same time. The @entity358 was distributed along the bronchovascular bundle or subpleural area. The distribution of GGO and pulmonary nodules were nonspecific. CONCLUSIONS: The most common radiological features of @entity3616 were @entity358 and GGO. The distribution of @entity358 is specific. It extends along the bronchovascular bundle or located in the subpleural area.

title: [Radiological features of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary consolidation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['reticular lesion']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['cryptogenic organizing pneumonia', 'COP']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['cryptogenic organizing pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise training as a part of cardiac rehabilitation aims to restore @entity1 with @entity299 to health. However, @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is clinically used as a predictor of long-term prognosis in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 , there is a scarcity of data on the effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on @entity1002 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on @entity1002 in early post-event @entity453 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a single blinded, randomized controlled trial, post-coronary event @entity453 @entity1 from the age group of 35-75 years, surgically (Coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary angioplasty) or conservatively treated, were recruited from Golsar Hospital, Iran. Exclusion criteria were high-risk group (AACVPR-99) @entity1 and contraindications to exercise testing and training. Forty-two @entity1 were randomized either into Study or Control. The study group underwent a 12-week structured individually tailored exercise program either in the form of Center-based (CExs) or Home-based (HExs) according to the ACSM-2005 guidelines. The control group only received the usual cardiac care without any exercise training. @entity1002 was measured before and after 12 weeks of exercise training for all three groups. Differences between and within groups were analyzed using the general linear model, two-way repeated measures at alfa=0.05. RESULTS: Mean age of the subjects was 60.5    8.9 years. There was a significant increase in @entity1002 in the study (46.9    5.9 to 61.5    5.3) group compared with the control (47.9    7.0 to 47.6    6.9) group (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in changes in @entity1002 between the HExs and CExs groups (P=1.0). CONCLUSION: A 12-week early (within 1 month post-discharge) structured individually tailored exercise training could significantly improve @entity1002 in post-event @entity453 @entity1 .

title: Effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on ejection fraction in XXXX @entity1 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise training as a part of cardiac rehabilitation aims to restore @entity1 with @entity299 to health. However, @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is clinically used as a predictor of long-term prognosis in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 , there is a scarcity of data on the effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on @entity1002 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on @entity1002 in early post-event @entity453 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a single blinded, randomized controlled trial, post-coronary event @entity453 @entity1 from the age group of 35-75 years, surgically (Coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary angioplasty) or conservatively treated, were recruited from Golsar Hospital, Iran. Exclusion criteria were high-risk group (AACVPR-99) @entity1 and contraindications to exercise testing and training. Forty-two @entity1 were randomized either into Study or Control. The study group underwent a 12-week structured individually tailored exercise program either in the form of Center-based (CExs) or Home-based (HExs) according to the ACSM-2005 guidelines. The control group only received the usual cardiac care without any exercise training. @entity1002 was measured before and after 12 weeks of exercise training for all three groups. Differences between and within groups were analyzed using the general linear model, two-way repeated measures at alfa=0.05. RESULTS: Mean age of the subjects was 60.5    8.9 years. There was a significant increase in @entity1002 in the study (46.9    5.9 to 61.5    5.3) group compared with the control (47.9    7.0 to 47.6    6.9) group (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in changes in @entity1002 between the HExs and CExs groups (P=1.0). CONCLUSION: A 12-week early (within 1 month post-discharge) structured individually tailored exercise training could significantly improve @entity1002 in post-event @entity453 @entity1 .

title: Effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on ejection fraction in @entity453 XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity67969 is a rare @entity2315 . A recent review indicates that approximately 50 @entity1 have been reported in the world. Reports of @entity1 from the Arabian peninsula are rare due to lack of awareness among pediatricians. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiological, biochemical and histopathological findings of four Saudi @entity1 diagnosed with @entity67969 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. The diagnosis was confirmed by deficient acid lipase activity in the leukocytes and fibroblasts, which was measured using @entity71510 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were failing to thrive with progressive @entity828 . Abdominal x-ray revealed @entity730 which were confirmed on abdominal CT scan. Peripheral blood film showed vacuolated lymphocytes and the bone marrow aspiration showed foamy histiocytes. Liver biopsy in one @entity1 showed marked @entity1560 and elliptical empty clefs predominantly in the Kupffer cells, indicating @entity165 storage in the reticulo-endothelial cells. The acid lipase activity was less than 6% in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In all suspected cases of @entity67969 , a plain abdominal x-ray should be obtained to check for the typical pattern of adrenal calcification characteristic of the disease, especially in any young @entity1 with failure to thrive and progressive @entity828 .

title: XXXX : The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre experience.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity71510 :: ('MESH:C016594', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity67969 :: ('MESH:D015223', 'Disease') :: ["Wolman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity67969 :: (MESH:D015223,Disease) :: ['Wolman's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the accuracy of surgery residents in interpreting computed axial tomography (CT) scans of @entity130 @entity1 as compared with attending radiologists. METHODS: Residents listed injuries they identified on initial CT scans of @entity130 @entity1 in a time-stamped computerized system before the official report becoming available. Head, chest, and @entity12512 scans were included. We compared the accuracy of these reads with final radiology reports. RESULTS: There were 84 injuries in 31 @entity1 . Residents correctly identified 25 of 26 (96%) injuries to the head, 28 of 42 (67%) @entity764 , and 15 of 16 (94%) injuries to the abdomen and pelvis. The accuracy of resident reads of chest CT scans was lower (P = .035) than for other body areas. Radiologists' identified 23 of 26 (89%) @entity542 , 38 of 42 (90%) @entity764 , and 14 of 16 (88%) injuries in the abdomen and pelvis CT scans. None of the missed injuries were life threatening or required immediate attention. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical residents accurately identify acute injuries on the CT scans of @entity130 victims.

title: Best poster award: accuracy of surgery residents' interpretation of computed tomography scans in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity12512 :: ('MESH:D000006', 'Disease') :: ['abdomen/pelvis CT']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Interest in focal therapy for @entity263 has recently been renewed owing to downward stage migration, improved biopsy and imaging techniques, and the prevalence of either @entity5 or a dominant @entity5 with @entity5 of minimal malignant potential. Several techniques have potential for focal ablation of @entity263 . Cryotherapy has been used for some time as primary therapy for complete ablation of the prostate or local recurrence after radiotherapy. Enthusiasm for cryotherapy as the primary therapy has been tempered by the uncertainty about complete ablation of the @entity5 , the frequent persistence of measurable @entity1486 levels after the procedure, and a high rate of @entity323 . Studies have reported "focal ablation" of @entity263 with cryotherapy, targeting 1 side of the gland to eliminate a @entity5 confined to that side with less risk of @entity458 . Whether cryotherapy has sufficient power to eradicate focal @entity5 and can be targeted with sufficient accuracy to avoid damage to surrounding structures remains to be demonstrated in prospective clinical trials. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used widely in Europe for complete ablation of the prostate, especially in elderly @entity1 who are unwilling or unable to undergo radical therapy. For low- or intermediate-risk @entity5 , the short- and intermediate-term oncologic results have been acceptable but need confirmation in prospective multicenter trials presently underway. Whole gland therapy with transrectal ultrasound guidance has been associated with a high risk of acute urinary symptoms, often requiring transurethral resection before or after HIFU. Adverse effects on erectile function seem likely after a therapy that depends on heat to eradicate the @entity5 , but erectile function after HIFU has not been adequately documented with @entity1 -reported questionnaires. HIFU holds promise for focal ablation of @entity263 . As with cryotherapy, focal HIFU should reduce the adverse sexual, urinary, and bowel effects of whole gland ablation. New techniques are being developed to allow HIFU treatment under real-time guidance using magnetic resonance imaging, which could improve the precision and reduce the adverse effects further. Another promising technique, currently in clinical trials, is vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy, which has been used for whole gland ablation of locally recurrent @entity5 after radiotherapy and, more recently, for focal ablation of previously untreated @entity5 . In combination with a new, systemically administered photodynamic agent, laser light is delivered through fibers introduced into the prostate under ultrasound guidance. This technique does not heat the prostate but destroys the endothelial cells and @entity5 by activating the photodynamic agent. Damage to surrounding structures appears to be limited and can be controlled by the duration and intensity of the light. We have reviewed the principles of focal therapy and these new therapeutic modalities.

title: New treatments for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['unifocal cancer', 'secondary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['urinary or sexual complications']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme is characterised by invasive growth and frequent recurrence. Here, we have analysed chromosomal changes in comparison to @entity5 cell @entity146 and chemosensitivity of three cell lines established from a primary @entity5 and consecutive recurrences (BTL1 to BTL3) of a long-term surviving @entity463 @entity1 together with @entity982 -embedded materials of five further cases with recurrent disease. Following surgery, the BTL @entity1 progressed under irradiation/ @entity11770 but responded to @entity2903 after re-operation to @entity2903 . The primary @entity5 -derived BTL1 cells showed chromosomal imbalances typical of highly aggressive @entity463 . Interestingly, BTL2 cells established from the first recurrence developed under therapy showed signs of enhanced chromosomal instability. In contrast, BTL3 cells from the second recurrence resembled a @entity5 . Although BTL2 cells exhibited a highly aggressive phenotype, BTL3 cells were characterised by reduced proliferative and migratory potential. Despite persistent methylation of the @entity8634 -DNA methyltransferase promoter, BTL3 cells exhibited the highest @entity2903 sensitivity. A comparable situation was found in two out of five @entity463 @entity1 , both characterised by enhanced survival time, who also relapsed after surgery/chemotherapy with less aggressive recurrences. Taken together, our data suggest that pretreated @entity463 @entity1 may relapse with highly chemosensitive @entity5 confirming the feasibility of @entity2903 treatment even in case of repeated recurrence.

title: Dynamics of chemosensitivity and chromosomal instability in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8634 :: ('MESH:C008449', 'Chemical') :: ['O6-methylguanine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive subclone of the primary tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is commonly recommended that @entity1 refrain from driving for 24 hours after endoscopy for which sedation is given. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychomotor recovery and blood @entity1875 concentrations after colonoscopy with @entity1875 sedation to determine whether driving might be safe. DESIGN: A prospective, consecutive study. SETTING: Municipal hospital outpatients. @entity1 : This study involved 48 consecutive @entity1 scheduled for colonoscopy with @entity1875 sedation. INTERVENTION: @entity1 clinical features, psychomotor recovery, and blood concentrations of @entity1875 were assessed. Psychomotor recovery was assessed before colonoscopy @entity676 hours after colonoscopy by using the number connection test and a driving simulator test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical features, psychomotor recovery, and blood concentration of @entity1875 . RESULTS: All @entity1 successfully completed the post-sedation assessments. Although there was a significant difference in results of the number connection test between before colonoscopy and 1 hour after colonoscopy, all number connection test results were within normal limits (<40 seconds). Scores were as follows: mean time (standard deviation) before colonoscopy, 32.2 (2.0) seconds (range 29-36 seconds) versus after colonoscopy, 32.7 (2.0) seconds (range 27-38 seconds); P = .0019. Driving skills had recovered to the baseline levels 1 hour after colonoscopy. Scores were as follows: tracking error (%) before colonoscopy, 45.0 (5.6) versus after colonoscopy, 46.0 (5.5); P = .61; accelerating reaction time in seconds before colonoscopy, 0.65 (0.15) versus after colonoscopy, 0.62 (0.14); P = .40; braking reaction time in seconds before colonoscopy, 0.58 (0.13) versus after colonoscopy, 0.61 (0.13); P = .50. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size, single-center study. CONCLUSION: Although consistent findings on the number connection test and driving simulation (psychomotor recovery) test are present as early as 1 hour after @entity1875 sedation, a study of additional numbers of @entity1 as well as different @entity1 populations are needed before these results can be universally recommended.

title: Psychomotor recovery and blood XXXX level in colonoscopy when using @entity1875 sedation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is commonly recommended that @entity1 refrain from driving for 24 hours after endoscopy for which sedation is given. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychomotor recovery and blood @entity1875 concentrations after colonoscopy with @entity1875 sedation to determine whether driving might be safe. DESIGN: A prospective, consecutive study. SETTING: Municipal hospital outpatients. @entity1 : This study involved 48 consecutive @entity1 scheduled for colonoscopy with @entity1875 sedation. INTERVENTION: @entity1 clinical features, psychomotor recovery, and blood concentrations of @entity1875 were assessed. Psychomotor recovery was assessed before colonoscopy @entity676 hours after colonoscopy by using the number connection test and a driving simulator test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical features, psychomotor recovery, and blood concentration of @entity1875 . RESULTS: All @entity1 successfully completed the post-sedation assessments. Although there was a significant difference in results of the number connection test between before colonoscopy and 1 hour after colonoscopy, all number connection test results were within normal limits (<40 seconds). Scores were as follows: mean time (standard deviation) before colonoscopy, 32.2 (2.0) seconds (range 29-36 seconds) versus after colonoscopy, 32.7 (2.0) seconds (range 27-38 seconds); P = .0019. Driving skills had recovered to the baseline levels 1 hour after colonoscopy. Scores were as follows: tracking error (%) before colonoscopy, 45.0 (5.6) versus after colonoscopy, 46.0 (5.5); P = .61; accelerating reaction time in seconds before colonoscopy, 0.65 (0.15) versus after colonoscopy, 0.62 (0.14); P = .40; braking reaction time in seconds before colonoscopy, 0.58 (0.13) versus after colonoscopy, 0.61 (0.13); P = .50. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size, single-center study. CONCLUSION: Although consistent findings on the number connection test and driving simulation (psychomotor recovery) test are present as early as 1 hour after @entity1875 sedation, a study of additional numbers of @entity1 as well as different @entity1 populations are needed before these results can be universally recommended.

title: Psychomotor recovery and blood @entity1875 level in colonoscopy when using XXXX sedation.

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy (XRT) for spine @entity242 is constrained by spinal cord, nerve, and viscera tolerance. Negative surgical margins are uncommon; hence, doses of >or=66 Gy are recommended. A Phase II clinical trial evaluated high-dose photon/proton XRT for spine @entity242 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible @entity1 had nonmetastatic, thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine/paraspinal @entity242 . Treatment included pre- and/or postoperative photon/proton XRT with or without radical resection; @entity1 with @entity421 and @entity2828 received chemotherapy. Shrinking fields delivered 50.4 cobalt Gray equivalent (Gy RBE) to subclinical disease, 70.2 Gy RBE to microscopic disease in the @entity5 bed, and 77.4 Gy RBE to gross disease at 1.8 Gy RBE qd. Doses were reduced for radiosensitive histologies, concurrent chemoradiation, or when @entity6 or @entity792 present. Spinal cord dose was limited to 63/54 Gy RBE to surface/center. Intraoperative boost doses of 7.5 to 10 Gy could be given by dural plaque. RESULTS: A total of 50 @entity1 (29 @entity3580 , 14 @entity511 , 7 other) underwent gross total (n = 25) or subtotal (n = 12) resection or biopsy (n = 13). With 48 month median follow-up, 5-year actuarial local control, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival are: 78%, 63%, and 87% respectively. Two of 36 (5.6%) @entity1 treated for primary versus 7/14 (50%) for recurrent @entity5 developed local recurrence (p < 0.001). Five @entity1 developed late radiation-associated complications; no @entity602 developed but three sacral @entity16 appeared after 77.12 to 77.4 Gy RBE. CONCLUSIONS: Local control with this treatment is high in @entity1 radiated at the time of primary presentation. Spinal cord dose constraints appear to be safe. Sacral nerves receiving 77.12-77.4 Gy RBE are at risk for late @entity137 .

title: Phase II study of high-dose photon/proton radiotherapy in the management of spine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effects of @entity28731 ( @entity12962 ), a toxic component of cigarette smoke, on retinal neurosensory (R28) cells and @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: R28 cells and HMVEC were treated for 24 hours with 1000, 400, 200, and 100 micro M of @entity12962 . Cell viability was measured by dye exclusion assay. @entity31373 , and -12 activities were measured by fluorochrome assays. DNA ladder was run on agarose gel, and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate was evaluated using a LDH @entity137 kit II. RESULTS: R28 cells exposed to @entity12962 1000 and 400 micro M showed a decrease in cell viability but not at lower concentrations of 200 and 100 micro M. At 400, 200, and 100 micro M @entity12962 , there was an increase in @entity522 /7 and at 200 and 100 microM B(e)P caspase-12 activities. @entity8186 activity was increased only at 200 micro M @entity12962 . @entity8187 activity was not increased at any concentration. DNA ladder revealed bands at 200 bp intervals at lower concentrations and LDH activity at higher concentrations. HMVEC cultures exposed to @entity12962 1000, 400, and 200 micro M showed a decrease in cell viability. @entity31373 activity was not increased at any concentration. DNA laddering revealed no bands at 200 bp intervals at any dose. LDH release rates increased at all three concentrations. However, 100 micro M @entity12962 was found safe on HMVEC. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12962 has different mechanisms of action on R28 cells and HMVEC at different concentrations. In R28 cells, 200 and 100 micro M of @entity12962 causes activation of @entity522 , -8 (200 micro M only) and -12 pathways, leading to apoptotic cell death, but, at higher concentrations, there is non-apoptotic cell death, which could be due to @entity39 . In contrast, the HMVEC cell death is through non-caspase-dependent @entity39 pathway. The molecular mechanisms of cell death vary with different cell types and concentrations of @entity12962 .

title: Effects of XXXX on the retinal neurosensory cells and @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity28731 :: ('MESH:C026487', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(e)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity28731 :: (MESH:C026487,Chemical) :: ['benzo(e)pyrene']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effects of @entity28731 ( @entity12962 ), a toxic component of cigarette smoke, on retinal neurosensory (R28) cells and @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: R28 cells and HMVEC were treated for 24 hours with 1000, 400, 200, and 100 micro M of @entity12962 . Cell viability was measured by dye exclusion assay. @entity31373 , and -12 activities were measured by fluorochrome assays. DNA ladder was run on agarose gel, and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate was evaluated using a LDH @entity137 kit II. RESULTS: R28 cells exposed to @entity12962 1000 and 400 micro M showed a decrease in cell viability but not at lower concentrations of 200 and 100 micro M. At 400, 200, and 100 micro M @entity12962 , there was an increase in @entity522 /7 and at 200 and 100 microM B(e)P caspase-12 activities. @entity8186 activity was increased only at 200 micro M @entity12962 . @entity8187 activity was not increased at any concentration. DNA ladder revealed bands at 200 bp intervals at lower concentrations and LDH activity at higher concentrations. HMVEC cultures exposed to @entity12962 1000, 400, and 200 micro M showed a decrease in cell viability. @entity31373 activity was not increased at any concentration. DNA laddering revealed no bands at 200 bp intervals at any dose. LDH release rates increased at all three concentrations. However, 100 micro M @entity12962 was found safe on HMVEC. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12962 has different mechanisms of action on R28 cells and HMVEC at different concentrations. In R28 cells, 200 and 100 micro M of @entity12962 causes activation of @entity522 , -8 (200 micro M only) and -12 pathways, leading to apoptotic cell death, but, at higher concentrations, there is non-apoptotic cell death, which could be due to @entity39 . In contrast, the HMVEC cell death is through non-caspase-dependent @entity39 pathway. The molecular mechanisms of cell death vary with different cell types and concentrations of @entity12962 .

title: Effects of @entity28731 on the retinal neurosensory cells and XXXX microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of 24/7 radiology services on @entity130 resuscitation unit (TRU) length of stay (LOS) for @entity1 with minor @entity130 and to analyse the economic benefits of such an impact from @entity130 centre perspective. METHODS: The study was HIPAA compliant and had IRB approval. Data were extracted from hospital and radiology information systems. Inclusion criteria specified @entity1 : (a) with minor @entity130 (i.e., Injury Severity Score<16 and Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale<4); (b) cross-sectional imaging performed between 12 and 7AM; and (c) admission during 2006 (before 24/7 coverage; comparison group 1) or 2007 (24/7 coverage). Mean, median, standard deviation, and variance for the groups were determined. The theoretical economic benefit achieved with 24/7 radiology coverage was estimated from decreases in TRU LOS for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Totals of 1087 and 1323 @entity1 for 2006 and 2007, respectively, met our selection criteria. Mean TRU LOS decreased from 11.19 to 8.25 h (26%; P<0.001). The median decreased from 10.8 to 7.2 h (33%; P<0.001). The (Q3-Q1) indicator, used as a proxy for variance and spread, decreased from 7.36 to 5.76 h. Theoretical economic benefits from 24/7 radiology coverage were achieved by the product of TRU bed fixed costs with mean decrease in TRU LOS for the calendar year 2007, which equaled  340,069. CONCLUSION: The economic benefits of 24/7 radiology services are related to LOS, which can be shortened by limiting @entity1 discharge delays resulting from report unavailability. This can be a cost-saving replacement for conventional radiology practice when the @entity130 centre makes appropriate use of vacant TRU beds to realise its opportunity cost.

title: Implementation of 24/7 radiology services in an academic medical centre level 1 @entity130 centre: impact on XXXX resuscitation unit length of stay and economic benefit analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']