abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1619 event is a well-known trigger of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). We propose a method to estimate the risk of @entity1619 event from the inter-beat (RR) intervals based on modeled @entity1162 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the Spontaneous @entity1165 Database and the HAWAI Registry, which include a total of 397 RR interval recordings from 116 implantable cardioverter defibrillator @entity1 . For each RR interval time series, QT intervals were estimated from the weighted average of preceding RR intervals using Bazett, Fridericia, and linear formulas. The risk score (RS) of each cycle was calculated to quantify the probability of @entity1619 event based on the timing of R-wave relative to the estimated T-end. We identified 52,440 ectopic beats (EBs) episodes, 280 nonsustained @entity1165 (NSVT) episodes, and 352 sustained @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes. The RS of episode onset and the prematurity index (PMI) of the initiating beat were compared. RESULTS: Using different QT-RR models, @entity1619 events were respectively detected in 9% EB, 45% NSVT, 69% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (Bazett); in 6% EB, 41% NSVT, 65% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (Fridericia); and in 7% EB, 42% NSVT, 66% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (linear). No @entity1619 event was found in normal beats. Consistent among three QT-RR models, the RS of episode onset rises sharply from EB to NSVT and to @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes. In contrast, no trend in PMI is found. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1619 can be estimated from RR intervals, based on modeled @entity1162 . An episode onset with higher RS has increased risk of developing into NSVT or @entity1165 / @entity2224 .

title: Risk assessment of @entity1619 event based on modeled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT-RR relationship']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of @entity28 in @entity1 in the UK warrants continuing public health attention. 'Families for Health' is a family-based group programme for the treatment of @entity28 . Significant improvements in body mass index (BMI) z-score (-0.21, 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.07, P = 0.007) and other health outcomes were seen in @entity1 at a 9-month follow-up. AIM: To undertake a 2-year follow-up of families who attended 'Families for Health' in Coventry, to assess long-term outcomes and costs. METHODS: 'Families for Health' is a 12-week programme with parallel groups for parents and @entity1 , addressing parenting skills, healthy lifestyles and emotional well-being. The intervention was delivered at a leisure centre in Coventry, England, with 27 overweight or @entity28 @entity1 aged 7-13 years (18 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ) and their parents, from 21 families. A 'before-and-after' evaluation was completed with 19 (70%) @entity1 followed up at 2 years. The primary outcome was change in BMI z-score from baseline; secondary outcomes were @entity1 's quality of life, parent- @entity1 relationships, eating/activity habits and parents' mental health. Costs to deliver the intervention and to families were recorded. RESULTS: Mean change in BMI z-score from baseline was -0.23 (95% CI: -0.42 to -0.03, P = 0.027) at the 2-year follow-up and eight (42%) @entity1 had a clinically significant reduction in BMI z-score. Significant improvements were seen in @entity1 's quality of life and eating habits in the home, while there were sustained reductions in unhealthy foods and sedentary behaviour. Fruit and vegetable consumption and parent's mental health were not significantly different at 2 years. Costs of the programme were   517 per family (  402 per @entity1 ), equivalent to   2543 per unit reduction in BMI z-score. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in BMI z-score and certain other outcomes associated with the 'Families for Health' programme were sustained at the 2-year follow-up. 'Families for Health' is a promising new @entity28 intervention, and a randomized controlled trial is now indicated.

title: Two-year follow-up of the 'Families for Health' programme for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: A retrospective study of @entity1 admitted into the @entity1 Emergency Room of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, between 1989 and 1998 was undertaken. There were 127 cases constituting 0.52% of the total paediatric admissions over the study period. Poisoning was commoner among the lower socioeconomic classes and in males than females. 102 (80.3%) of the @entity1 involved were below the age of five years and @entity4968 was unintentional in 98.4%. @entity15788 was the commonest agent accounting for 40.9% of all cases; followed by caustic soda (20.4%) and traditional mixtures (19.7%). Oral administration of palm oil is the commonest home remedy. Morbidity was commonest with caustic soda while traditional mixture was responsible for 80% of the mortality. Fifteen (11.9%) @entity1 died constituting 0.84% of total childhood mortality during the study period. We conclude that childhood @entity4968 is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 seen at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital. Improvement in the socioeconomic status of parents and health education on proper storage of household chemicals will help in reducing the incidence and mortality from @entity4968 .

title: Childhood XXXX at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity774 are rare cystic masses that arise from the adrenal gland and which are usually non-functional and asymptomatic. @entity774 consist of a fibrous wall without an epithelial or endothelial lining. We report the case of a @entity1 with a giant adrenal pseudocyst presenting with @entity4265 and high @entity221 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted with @entity4265 and a chill. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a well-defined cystic mass measuring 19 cm which was located in the right adrenal region and the contents of which were not enhanced with contrast medium. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneously hypo-echoic lesion with a peripheral high-echoic rim. Serum hormonal levels were almost normal. Despite treatment with antibiotics, the high @entity221 persisted. Based on these findings, we made a preoperative diagnosis of a right adrenal cyst with @entity281 . However, the possibility of @entity5 still remained. The @entity1 underwent laparotomy and right adrenal cyst excision with partial hepatectomy in order to relieve the symptoms and to confirm an accurate diagnosis. Histological examination revealed an adrenal pseudocyst with @entity281 . His condition improved soon after the operation. CONCLUSION: We report a case of a giant adrenal pseudocyst with @entity281 . Surgery is required for symptomatic cases in order to relieve the symptoms and in cases of uncertain diagnosis.

title: A giant adrenal pseudocyst presenting with @entity4265 and XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hypochondralgia']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal pseudocysts']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity774 are rare cystic masses that arise from the adrenal gland and which are usually non-functional and asymptomatic. @entity774 consist of a fibrous wall without an epithelial or endothelial lining. We report the case of a @entity1 with a giant adrenal pseudocyst presenting with @entity4265 and high @entity221 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted with @entity4265 and a chill. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a well-defined cystic mass measuring 19 cm which was located in the right adrenal region and the contents of which were not enhanced with contrast medium. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneously hypo-echoic lesion with a peripheral high-echoic rim. Serum hormonal levels were almost normal. Despite treatment with antibiotics, the high @entity221 persisted. Based on these findings, we made a preoperative diagnosis of a right adrenal cyst with @entity281 . However, the possibility of @entity5 still remained. The @entity1 underwent laparotomy and right adrenal cyst excision with partial hepatectomy in order to relieve the symptoms and to confirm an accurate diagnosis. Histological examination revealed an adrenal pseudocyst with @entity281 . His condition improved soon after the operation. CONCLUSION: We report a case of a giant adrenal pseudocyst with @entity281 . Surgery is required for symptomatic cases in order to relieve the symptoms and in cases of uncertain diagnosis.

title: A giant adrenal pseudocyst presenting with XXXX and @entity221 : a case report.

answer: @entity4265 :: (MESH:C535682,Disease) :: ['right hypochondralgia']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMAOCOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) is a traditional Chinese formula and has been used for the treatment of @entity1729 by inhalation. However, the @entity358 via inhalation is largely uninvestigated. AIM OF STUDY: To evaluate the @entity358 of SHL following in vivo intratracheal spray to @entity35 and in vitro exposures to A549 and @entity1 cells. METHODS: @entity1 and A549 cells were exposed to SHL, @entity13259 , @entity7651 and @entity73022 solutions and in vitro @entity137 was evaluated using an @entity98 assay, whilst @entity35 were subjected to intratracheal administration of SHL solutions and in vivo @entity137 was indicated by assaying the LDH activity and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and observing the histopathologic changes of the lungs. Secretion of inflammatory mediators, including @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity310 , in cell culture media and BALF was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: The MTT cell viability data revealed the presence of minor @entity137 to @entity1 or A549 cells following exposure to SHL and its major ingredients for 24h or 48 h. However, the cell cultural media showed no sign of inflammatory responses. The in vivo results showed that exposures to SHL at doses of up to 50mg/kg did not significantly increase the total protein content, the LDH activity and the concentrations of @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity310 in BALF. However, although intratracheal sprayed SHL at doses of up to 6 mg/kg for histopathologic study and up to 25mg/kg for cell counts showed no sign of adverse effects, inhaled SHL at elevated doses appeared to induce alveolar fusion in the lung and significant increases in the cell number of monocytes and granulocytes in the BALF. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the pulmonary safety of inhaled SHL was dependent on the administered dose. Inhalation therapy of SHL may be safely used when the inhaled dose was properly controlled.

title: Evaluating XXXX of Shuang-Huang-Lian in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity73022 :: ('MESH:C423337', 'Chemical') :: ['forsythin']

entities_list: @entity13259 :: ('MESH:D002726', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorogenic acid']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a progressive @entity179 characterized by an irreversible @entity73 and @entity528 associated with @entity3072 . @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is a prodromal stage of @entity195 and is associated with @entity2414 and a high risk of developing @entity195 . @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ) is an acute phase protein. Our previous studies have shown that exposure to inflammatory stimuli resulted in elevated @entity15901 levels in brain microglia and astrocytes implicating @entity15901 in @entity198 . Therefore, we hypothesize that there may be a significant change in the plasma @entity15901 levels in @entity1 with @entity73 and @entity195 when compared to healthy control subjects. METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity73 , 62 @entity1 with @entity195 and 38 healthy elderly control subjects were recruited for this study. They were given a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests including a mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and clinical @entity303 rating (CDR). A variety of clinical information was collected from the semi-structured questionnaire administered. The @entity15901 levels were measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the plasma, which had been collected early in the morning after overnight fasting. RESULTS: The @entity15901 levels were significantly higher in @entity73 @entity1 compared to the healthy control subjects and @entity195 @entity1 [control vs. @entity73 (p=0.005); @entity73 vs. @entity195 (p=0.009)]. There was a significant negative correlation between the @entity15901 levels and CDR scores (r=-0.245, p=0.014), and there was a positive correlation between the @entity15901 levels and MMSE scores (r=0.317, p=0.001) among all of the @entity73 and @entity195 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity73 represents a prodromal stage of @entity195 , and @entity32 occurs as one of the earliest pathological events in @entity195 . Thus, increased plasma @entity15901 levels during @entity73 could be helpful in predicting the progression from @entity73 to @entity195 .

title: Increased plasma levels of XXXX in mild @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mild cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['lipocalin 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a progressive @entity179 characterized by an irreversible @entity73 and @entity528 associated with @entity3072 . @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is a prodromal stage of @entity195 and is associated with @entity2414 and a high risk of developing @entity195 . @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ) is an acute phase protein. Our previous studies have shown that exposure to inflammatory stimuli resulted in elevated @entity15901 levels in brain microglia and astrocytes implicating @entity15901 in @entity198 . Therefore, we hypothesize that there may be a significant change in the plasma @entity15901 levels in @entity1 with @entity73 and @entity195 when compared to healthy control subjects. METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity73 , 62 @entity1 with @entity195 and 38 healthy elderly control subjects were recruited for this study. They were given a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests including a mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and clinical @entity303 rating (CDR). A variety of clinical information was collected from the semi-structured questionnaire administered. The @entity15901 levels were measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the plasma, which had been collected early in the morning after overnight fasting. RESULTS: The @entity15901 levels were significantly higher in @entity73 @entity1 compared to the healthy control subjects and @entity195 @entity1 [control vs. @entity73 (p=0.005); @entity73 vs. @entity195 (p=0.009)]. There was a significant negative correlation between the @entity15901 levels and CDR scores (r=-0.245, p=0.014), and there was a positive correlation between the @entity15901 levels and MMSE scores (r=0.317, p=0.001) among all of the @entity73 and @entity195 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity73 represents a prodromal stage of @entity195 , and @entity32 occurs as one of the earliest pathological events in @entity195 . Thus, increased plasma @entity15901 levels during @entity73 could be helpful in predicting the progression from @entity73 to @entity195 .

title: Increased plasma levels of @entity15901 in mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: A major health policy objective is to encourage and sustain informal caregiving networks for @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). This goal can be reached by providing financial assistance to @entity1 facing difficulties in the accomplishment of activities of daily living, in order to encourage utilization of professional service and therefore alleviate informal caregiver burden. The main issue is to understand if and how financial assistance is correlated with the distribution between informal and professional care. We used a cross-sectional sample of 1131 French elderly @entity1 (>= 65) with mild to moderate @entity195 . Informal and professional service resource use was measured in hours per month using a validated instrument, the Resource Use in @entity303 questionnaire. Our results confirmed the utter dominance of informal care, which represented more than 80% of total care even among @entity1 receiving public financial support. However financial support receipt was associated with differences in care utilization: higher use of total non-medical care (formal and informal) and lower proportion of informal care in total non-medical care. Our results suggested the presence of a threshold effect that would influence non-medical care demand decisions. Even if on average the use of informal care in total was 13.3% lower among @entity1 receiving public financial support, informal care use represented more than 80% of total non-medical care use. Providing robust evidence of these associations is crucial to further identify the right dosage between professional service demand and informal care utilization that could be associated with a lower burden and therefore a lower probability of institutionalization.

title: Public financial support receipt and non-medical resource utilization in XXXX results from the PLASA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sensitivity and validity of the Danish National @entity1 Registry (NPR) including relevant International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision (ICD-8) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes and explore potential benefits of combining diagnosis and department codes in composite search strategies. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The study period was 1985-2004. Medical records of @entity1 identified with one or more of seven ICD-8 or ICD-10 codes from a number of registries were reviewed to confirm or reject the @entity976 diagnosis. NPR sensitivity was evaluated in North Jutland County through comparison with hospital registries, the county registry, and the Danish Cancer Registry. Codes and search strategies were studied using NPR data from Denmark (population 5.2 million). RESULTS: In the North Jutland County study, the NPR identified 95% of new @entity1 with histologically verified or probable @entity976 . In the code and search strategy studies, the NPR search identified 684 @entity1 . Records were retrieved in 607 (89%), of whom 185 (30%) had verified or probable @entity976 . Searches combining "best code" and "highly specialized department" or "neurosurgery procedure" registrations improved validity considerably, whereas reducing sensitivity only modestly. CONCLUSION: The NPR identified 95% of new @entity976 @entity1 , but only 30% of cases were correct. Validity was improved by applying a modified composite search strategy.

title: Use of combined search criteria improved validity of rare disease ( XXXX ) diagnosis in a national registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early repair of @entity3541 when cortical neural input cannot be provided by the facial nerve nucleus, is generally accomplished anastomozing the extracranial stump of the facial nerve to a motor donor nerve. That is generally the hypoglossus, which carries a variable degree of morbidity. The present work aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the masseteric nerve as donor for early facial reanimation, with the advantage that harvesting is associated with negligible morbidity. METHODS: Between October 2007 and August 2009, 7 @entity1 (2 males, 5 @entity1 ) with unilateral @entity3541 underwent a @entity7871 with an interpositional nerve graft of the great auricular nerve. The interval between the onset of @entity912 and surgery ranged from 8 to 48 months (mean 19.2 months). All @entity1 included in the study had signs of facial mimetic muscle fibrillations on electromyography. The degree of preoperative @entity2103 was grade VI following the House-Brackmann scale for all @entity1 . RESULTS: At the time of the study, all the @entity1 with a minimum follow-up time of 12 months after the onset of mimetic function had recovered facial animation. Facial muscles showed signs of recovery within 2-9 months, mean 4.8 months, with the restoration of facial symmetry at rest. @entity717 appeared while the @entity1 activated their chewing musculature. Morbidity related to this intervention is only the loss of sensitivity of earlobe and preauricular region. CONCLUSION: The present technique seems to be a valid alternative to classical @entity6256 because of similar @entity2103 and lower morbidity.

title: XXXX for early facial reanimation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve recovery', 'facial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7871 :: ('MESH:D014313', 'Disease') :: ['masseter-facial nerves anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Facial movements']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['Masseteric-facial nerve anastomosis']


abstract: @entity16739 ploidy was shown to play a role in genomic instability of @entity5 cells and prognosis. The implication of the centrosome in the cell cycle was also described. Therefore, new prognostic factors could be suggested for a better-tailored therapy. The purpose of this study is to search for correlation between centrosomal abnormality and @entity16739 ploidy in @entity0 . Cell prints were prepared from cell culture of mesothelial ascitis, fibroblast cell line MRC5 and @entity0 cell lines MCF7 and T47D. Fresh cell prints were also obtained from cases with @entity189 . The centrosome was labelled by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using anti-y-tubulin antibody and F(ab')(2) @entity2823 before quantification with fluorescence microscopy. @entity16739 ploidy was scored with DNA index obtained by means of flux cytometry. The normal mesothelial cells (94% of cells with only one centrosome) and the diploid cell line MRC5 (68% of cells with two centrosomes) were used as controls. DNA ploidy was found to be correlated with centrosomal abnormality in MCF7 cell line (64% of cells had more than three centrosomes) but not in the 10 cases of @entity513 analysed in this study. The absence of correlation between DNA ploidy and centrosomal abnormality in @entity0 samples may be due to the small numbers of cases, the cell prints or tumorigenesis. Correlation analysis of a larger number of cases and types of @entity1558 of the centrosome are ongoing.

title: [Are centrosomal abnormalities correlated to DNA ploidy in XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions to numerical and morphological abnormalities']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct operations merit special consideration in cirrhotic @entity1 . During the past 15 years at Strong Memorial Hospital, 33 cirrhotic @entity1 have undergone cholecystectomy or an operation for bile duct obstruction. Of the 21 @entity1 with @entity82 subjected to cholecystectomy for @entity2679 and @entity2963 , nine had uncomplicated courses. Included in this group was one @entity1 in whom the intrahepatic portion of the gallbladder was deliberately not resected. The other 12 @entity1 (57%) had @entity954 and required transfusion of three or more units of blood. One @entity1 required additional exploratory surgery and antifibrinolytic therapy to control @entity548 . In an additional group, only one of seven @entity1 whose gallbladder was removed during a portal decompressive procedure bled excessively from the liver bed. A third group of five @entity1 , including four with @entity2835 who underwent operations on the bile duct for obstruction, had massive @entity954 (greater than 5 U). Four of the five exsanguinated, and the remaining @entity1 died of @entity295 . A more conservative approach toward elective cholecystectomy in the cirrhotic @entity1 is indicated. If an operation is performed, increased @entity548 should be anticipated; extensive intrahepatic dissection should be avoided. Intraoperative infusion of @entity3488 and an antifibrinolytic agent should be considered.

title: Biliary tract surgery and XXXX : a critical combination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['secondary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['excessive intraoperative bleeding', 'intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: 1. The highest blood concentrations of @entity6178 bodies were found at 5 days of age, after which time the concentration fell to reach the adult value by 30 days of age. 2. Both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic @entity2453 synthase activities were detected, with highest activities being found in the mitochondria at all stages of development. Activity of the mitochondrial enzyme increases rapidly immediately after birth, showing a maximum at 15 days of age, thereafter falling to adult values. The cytoplasmic enzyme, on the other hand, increased steadily in activity after birth to reach a maximum at 40 days of age, after which time activity fell to adult values. 3. Both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic @entity29709 thiolase activities were detected, with the mitochondrial enzyme having considerably higher activities at all stages of development. The developmental patterns for both enzymes were very similar to those for the corresponding @entity2453 synthases. 4. The activity of heart @entity29709 transferase remains constant from late foetal life until the end of the suckling period, after which time there is a gradual threefold increase in activity to reach the adult values. The activity of brain @entity73023 @entity9931 -transferase increases steadily after birth, reaching a maximum at 30 days of age, thereafter decreasing to adult values, which are similar to foetal activities. Although at all stages of development the specific activity of the heart enzyme is higher than that of brain, the total enzymic capacity of the brain is higher than that of the heart during the suckling period.

title: The course of ketosis and the activity of key enzymes of ketogenesis and XXXX -body utilization during development of the postnatal rat.

entities_list: @entity29709 :: ('MESH:C010667', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetyl-CoA', 'aceto-acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA']

answer: @entity6178 :: (CHEBI:17087,Chemical) :: ['ketone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the feasibility of spinal canal decompression through the posterior transpedicular approach in @entity1 with thoracolumbar burst @entity174 . METHODS: We present 25 consecutive @entity1 (19 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age 36 years; age range, 24-48 years) with incomplete @entity51 (ASIA B and C) resulting from thoracolumbar burst @entity174 treated by posterior transpedicular spinal canal decompression and @entity1347 . Canal compromise at presentation was 51.7 +/- 11.2%. RESULTS: The mean surgical time was 122 minutes (range, 108-122 minutes), and the mean @entity190 was 528 +/- 123 ml. Canal compromise improved to 15.3 +/- 7.8%. At a mean followup of 14 months (range, 6-18 months), fourteen @entity1 improved to ASIA D and were able to walk with an orthosis; seven improved to ASIA C, and four had no improvement (ASIA B). Seven ASIA B and all ASIA C @entity1 had immediate postoperative neurological improvement to ASIA C and ASIA D; two ASIA B @entity1 improved to ASIA C within six weeks after the operation. Anterior decompression was necessary in two (8%) ASIA B @entity1 who did not improve after the initial operation; these @entity1 , subsequently improved to ASIA C. There were no intraoperative complications. @entity2737 occurred in two @entity1 and were treated with wound care and antibiotics; @entity281 occurred in one @entity1 and was treated with debridement and antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Posterior transpedicular spinal canal decompression and instrumentation is a reasonable alternative technique to anterior decompression procedures and circumferential fusion, providing for satisfactory canal decompression and neurological improvement.

title: Posterior transpedicular decompression for thoracolumbar burst XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segmental instrumented fusion']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Superficial wound infections']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The effects of executive load on working memory performance during @entity25 after morning or afternoon naps were assessed using a mixed design with nap/wake as a between-subjects factor and morning/afternoon condition as a within-subject factor. Thirty-two healthy adults (mean 22.5    3.0 years) attended two laboratory sessions after a night of restricted sleep (6 hrs), and at first visit, were randomly assigned to the Nap or Wake group. Working memory (n-back) and subjective workload were assessed approximately 5 and 25 minutes after 90-minute morning and afternoon nap opportunities and at the corresponding times in the @entity1442 . Actigraphically assessed nocturnal sleep duration, @entity25 , and psychomotor vigilance performance before daytime assessments did not vary across conditions. Afternoon naps showed shorter EEG assessed sleep latencies, longer sleep duration, and more Slow Wave Sleep than morning naps. Working memory performance deteriorated, and subjective mental workload increased at higher executive loadings. After afternoon naps, @entity1 performed less well on more executive-function intensive working memory tasks (i.e., 3-back), but waking and napping @entity1 performed equally well on simpler tasks. After some 30 minutes of cognitive activity, there were no longer performance differences between the waking and napping groups. Subjective Task Difficulty and Mental Effort requirements were less affected by @entity25 and dissociated from objective measures when @entity1 had napped in the afternoon. We conclude that executive functions take longer to return to asymptotic performance after sleep than does performance of simpler tasks which are less reliant on executive functions.

title: Effects of XXXX after daytime naps vary with executive load and time of day.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Wake condition']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep inertia', 'subjective sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep inertia']


abstract: The effect of anti-rat-liver rabbit immune serum was studied on liver blood flow and on the reaction to vasoactive substances of the hepatic blood vessels. Male @entity35 weighing 250 to 300 g were anaesthetized with @entity4485 . The femoral artery, the femoral vein and the portal vein were cannulated. Blood pressure was continuously registered in the femoral artery. A thin thermoelement was placed into the liver and in one of experimental groups into the kidney as well, in order to measure the local blood flow. On a single intravenous administration of immune serum, systemic blood pressure, and the local blood flow of the liver and kidney decreased significantly. The decrease was more marked in the kidney than in the liver. The circulatory response so obtained was general and it was not localized to the liver. Arterial blood pressure was unchanged after intravenous pretreatment with 0.5 ml/100 g of immune serum daily for 3 days, but the portal blood pressure decreased. The hepatic local vasoconstriction induced by @entity1951 administered into the portal vein was less important than in the control group. The hepatic local circulatory response to @entity1063 and @entity3044 administered into the portal vein was similar in normal and immune serum treated animals. Although immune serum pretreatment caused histological changes in the hepatic blood vessels and reduced portal pressure, it did not affect the adrenergic regulation of hepatic local blood flow, but decreased the sensitivity to vasopressin.

title: Effect of anti-rat-liver rabbit immune serum on the local circulatory reactions of the XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity158 and @entity158 undertreatment in older @entity1 , along with the many potential detrimental consequences of undertreated @entity158 , pose a substantial burden to the individual, their family, and society. An accurate @entity158 assessment is the foundation for treating @entity158 ; yet, thorough @entity158 assessments and regular reassessments are too often neglected. Older adults typically present with multiple @entity158 etiologies, making it all the more imperative that a comprehensive assessment is conducted. Comprehensive assessments should include a detailed investigation of a @entity1 's @entity158 and medical history, a physical examination, and diagnostic testing, if needed. Both the impact of @entity158 and its severity should be established by questioning about the presence of @entity158 and using @entity158 assessment instruments. Tools for @entity158 assessment should be tested in older adult populations to establish reliability, validity, and sensitivity to changes from treatment. Self-report is the gold standard for assessing @entity158 ; however, in many clinical circumstances with older adults, the @entity1 's verbal report is unobtainable. Following an unsuccessful attempt at self-report from a nonverbal older adult, the potential causes of @entity158 should be explored. Direct observation can then be used to identify behaviors suggestive of @entity158 , and the @entity1 's response to an analgesic trial can be observed. A @entity158 behavior tool can also provide useful information suggesting the presence of @entity158 .

title: Pain assessment strategies in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bioremediation of @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) contaminated sediment was studied and degradation enhancement and improvement of bioavailability were also investigated. In @entity2385 spiked sediment, the half-life of @entity2385 in the control sample, representing natural attenuation, was 578 d indicating its persistence. In the stimulated sample (pH 7.5, aeration and incubated at 28  C), the half-life was significantly reduced to 11 d. Further stimulation by nutrient addition ( @entity4588 , @entity653 and @entity534 ) or inoculation with @entity7100 (   10(7) viable cells g(-1) of sediment) resulted in half-life reduction to 9 and 10d, respectively. In non-spiked sediment, the indigenous microorganisms were able to degrade aged @entity2385 , but the extended period of contamination decreased the degradation efficiency. To improve bioavailability, addition of surfactant, adjustment of salinity and sonication were studied. The highest percentage solubilisation of @entity2385 in water was obtained by adjusting salinity to 20 psu, which increased the solubility of @entity2385 from 13% to 33%. Half-lives after bioavailability was improved were 5, 4 and 4d for stimulation, stimulation w/nutrient addition and stimulation w/inoculation, respectively. However, natural attenuation in the control sample was not enhanced. The results show that providing suitable conditions is important in enhancing @entity2385 biodegradation, and bioavailability improvement additionally increased the rate and degraded amount of @entity2385 . Unfortunately, nutrient addition and inoculation of the degrader did not enhance the degradation appreciably.

title: Bioremediation of XXXX contaminated sediment: degradation enhancement and improvement of bioavailability to promote treatment processes.

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae']

answer: @entity2384 :: (MESH:C011559,Chemical) :: ['tributyltin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Published evidence suggests that @entity7425 3 kinase-b (PI3K-b) plays an important role in @entity1423 and shear activation. @entity36274 is a selective PI3K-b inhibitor with a good separation of anti- @entity715 efficacy and @entity548 (therapeutic index) in @entity35 . Our goal was to further evaluate potential of a PI3K-b inhibitor as an anti- @entity715 agent by determining the therapeutic index in another species and efficacy model. Reported effects of @entity36274 in @entity35 were also confirmed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity36274 (0.3 + 0.3, 1 + 1, 3 + 3 mg/kg + mg/kg/hr, i.v.) or vehicle was given to @entity19 starting 15 min prior to @entity24871 @entity715 ( @entity715 ), tail or kidney @entity548 time (BT) procedures. RESULTS: Integrated blood flow over 30 min (%baseline mean    SEM) improved (p < 0.05) with @entity36274 doses 1 + 1 (49    13.9%) and 3+3 (88    10.6%) versus 0.3 + 0.3 (10    0.8%) and vehicle (10    0.6%). Vascular patency (non-occluded/total arteries) improved (p < 0.01) with @entity36274 doses of 3 + 3 (7/8), but not 0.3 + 0.3 (0/8) or 1 + 1 (4/8) versus vehicle (0/8). Tail BT (sec) increased (p < 0.05) with @entity36274 doses of 3 + 3 (median 1560) and 1 + 1 (1305) versus vehicle (225). Mean renal BT (sec) increased (p < 0.05) in all @entity36274 groups (3 + 3: 510 + 26; 1 + 1: 478 + 41; 0.3 + 0.3: 246 + 37) versus vehicle (123 + 9). For comparison, a reference agent, @entity117 (30 mpk, i.p.) increased tail BT 1.9X and renal BT 2.6X. CONCLUSIONS: The novel finding of a clear impact on hemostasis by @entity36274 was demonstrated by increased @entity548 in two models in mice at anti- @entity715 doses. The results suggest a narrower therapeutic index for this PI3K-b inhibitor than previously recognized, at least for this species.

title: Bleeding response induced by anti- XXXX doses of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-b inhibitor in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis', 'AT', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Published evidence suggests that @entity7425 3 kinase-b (PI3K-b) plays an important role in @entity1423 and shear activation. @entity36274 is a selective PI3K-b inhibitor with a good separation of anti- @entity715 efficacy and @entity548 (therapeutic index) in @entity35 . Our goal was to further evaluate potential of a PI3K-b inhibitor as an anti- @entity715 agent by determining the therapeutic index in another species and efficacy model. Reported effects of @entity36274 in @entity35 were also confirmed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity36274 (0.3 + 0.3, 1 + 1, 3 + 3 mg/kg + mg/kg/hr, i.v.) or vehicle was given to @entity19 starting 15 min prior to @entity24871 @entity715 ( @entity715 ), tail or kidney @entity548 time (BT) procedures. RESULTS: Integrated blood flow over 30 min (%baseline mean    SEM) improved (p < 0.05) with @entity36274 doses 1 + 1 (49    13.9%) and 3+3 (88    10.6%) versus 0.3 + 0.3 (10    0.8%) and vehicle (10    0.6%). Vascular patency (non-occluded/total arteries) improved (p < 0.01) with @entity36274 doses of 3 + 3 (7/8), but not 0.3 + 0.3 (0/8) or 1 + 1 (4/8) versus vehicle (0/8). Tail BT (sec) increased (p < 0.05) with @entity36274 doses of 3 + 3 (median 1560) and 1 + 1 (1305) versus vehicle (225). Mean renal BT (sec) increased (p < 0.05) in all @entity36274 groups (3 + 3: 510 + 26; 1 + 1: 478 + 41; 0.3 + 0.3: 246 + 37) versus vehicle (123 + 9). For comparison, a reference agent, @entity117 (30 mpk, i.p.) increased tail BT 1.9X and renal BT 2.6X. CONCLUSIONS: The novel finding of a clear impact on hemostasis by @entity36274 was demonstrated by increased @entity548 in two models in mice at anti- @entity715 doses. The results suggest a narrower therapeutic index for this PI3K-b inhibitor than previously recognized, at least for this species.

title: Bleeding response induced by anti- @entity715 doses of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-b inhibitor in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Focal @entity2806 creates a gradual injury, ranging from severe injury in the core towards moderate @entity16 . Disruption of blood supply leads to shortage in @entity26 supply, resulting in mitochondrial disruption in the @entity63 area. The present work study the mitochondrial function and microcirculatory blood supply in the core and penumbra of the @entity63 tissue following different @entity63 durations. Focal @entity63 was obtained by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Monitoring of the brain was conducted using a unique multi-site-multi-parametric (MSMP) monitoring system, which enables real-time, in vivo, simultaneous and continuous monitoring of mitochondrial @entity2125 and CBF. Short sessions of @entity519 before @entity63 and following reperfusion were used to test the ability of the tissue to respond to such metabolic challenges. Following focal @entity63 , CBF levels decreased and @entity2125 levels increased and recovered at reperfusion. These changes were more severe in the core compared to the penumbra. Longer @entity63 duration led to an increase in @entity26 demand following reperfusion and to vast disruption of blood supply, as seen during short anoxic exposures. In conclusion, the ability of mitochondrial activity and blood supply to recuperate following @entity63 , as well as the ability of the tissue to cope with metabolic challenges, varies in the core and the penumbra and depends on @entity63 duration. The MSMP monitoring system, used in the current study, can add valuable information regarding the metabolic state of the brain during focal @entity63 .

title: Real-time monitoring of spatial and temporal metabolic changes during focal XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAO']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage in the penumbra']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The @entity1162 (LQTS) is a @entity74 characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG and occurrence of life-threatening @entity943 especially, but not only, under conditions of increased sympathetic activity. Symptomatic untreated @entity1 are at high risk for @entity1164 . Twelve LQTS genes have been identified and most of them encode cardiac ion channels. Very effective therapies are available and in carefully treated @entity1 mortality is around 0.5-1% over 20 years. The initial treatment should always involve b-blockers, with @entity1169 and @entity5894 being the two most effective ones. With few exceptions all mutation carriers should be treated because of the risk of @entity944 during the first @entity299 . Approximately 20% of @entity1 continue to have @entity1163 despite the b-blockers and the most rationale next level of therapy is represented by Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation (LCSD), which is highly effective and can complement any other therapy. One important limitation of LCSD is that, without valid reasons, it is available only in a few selected centers. Whenever @entity1163 recurs despite LCSD, or whenever an aborted @entity1167 has occurred, it becomes logical to resort to the @entity737 ( @entity737 ). The latter, however, is burdened by a high rate (31%) of adverse events including severe ones such as @entity884 , @entity1457 , and by the need of frequent battery replacements. A scoring system, based on simple clinical variables, can identify the @entity1 more and less likely to benefit from @entity737 implantation.

title: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of the XXXX : the rationale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['familial disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['congenital long QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['congenital long QT syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the impact of early surgery in the active phase on long-term outcomes in @entity1 with left-sided native @entity884 . METHODS: Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed in 212 consecutive @entity1 with left-sided native @entity884 from 1990 to 2009. Early surgery in the active phase (within 2 weeks after the initial diagnosis) was performed in 73 @entity1 , and the conventional treatment strategy was applied in 139 @entity1 . In the conventional treatment group, 99 @entity1 underwent late surgical intervention. To minimize selection bias, propensity score was used to match @entity1 in the early operation and conventional treatment groups. Major adverse cardiac event was defined as a composite of @entity204 , repeat surgery, and recurrence of @entity884 during follow-up. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 5.5 years. In-hospital mortality was lower in the early operation group than in the conventional treatment group (5% vs 13%, P = .08). For 57 propensity score-matched pairs, the estimated actuarial 7-year survivals free from @entity204 and major adverse cardiac events were significantly higher in the early operation group than in the conventional treatment group ( @entity204 : 94%    5% vs 82%    5%, P = .011, major adverse cardiac events: 88%    5% vs 69%    7%, P = .006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional treatment, early surgery in the active phase was associated with better long-term outcomes in @entity1 with left-sided native @entity884 . Further prospective randomized studies with large study populations are necessary to evaluate more precisely the optimal timing of surgery in @entity1 with native @entity884 .

title: Impact of early surgery in the active phase on long-term outcomes in left-sided native XXXX .

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis-related death']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'valve infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['valve infective endocarditis']


abstract: Coronary angiography was performed on hospital admission in 37 @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Thirty @entity1 had @entity432 of the @entity1188 -related coronary artery and seven @entity1 had severe proximal stenoses with poor distal flow. In 20 of 30 @entity1 with @entity432 , intracoronary (IC) infusion of streptokinase (SK) resulted in reperfusion of the distal coronary artery. Left ventricular (LV) performance was assessed before coronary angiography and at discharge from the hospital by use of gated cardiac blood pool imaging techniques. In @entity1 evidencing reperfusion of the @entity1188 -related coronary artery, mean (+/- SD) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from admission through discharge (46% +/- 15% to 55% +/- 10%, p = 0.002). In contrast, LVEF did not change from admission through discharge in @entity1 with severe proximal stenoses alone or in @entity1 with @entity432 who did not demonstrate reperfusion following SK administration (47% +/- 17% vs 49% +/- 18%, p = ns). In an additional 14 control @entity1 with @entity583 who were not evaluated with coronary angiography, LVEF did not change from admission through discharge (46% +/- 12% vs 48% +/- 14%, p = ns). Quantitative @entity4214 -201 perfusion imaging demonstrated an increase (p less than 0.05) in @entity4214 uptake in the @entity1188 segment following coronary artery reperfusion. In contrast, @entity4214 uptake did not change (p = ns) in the @entity1188 segment in @entity1 not evidencing angiographic coronary artery reperfusion. These data support the following : (1) Coronary artery thrombus occurs frequently in @entity583 and can be lysed by IC SK, and (2) reperfusion with IC SK in @entity1 with evolving @entity583 results in myocardial salvage and improved LV performance through hospital discharge.

title: Coronary artery reperfusion in XXXX : beneficial effects of intracoronary streptokinase on left ventricular salvage and performance.

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Sperm DNA damage is thought to be increased in @entity1 with @entity4810 . Previous studies suggest a correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation and @entity2007 . The @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) test was modified to produce the Halosperm Kit. The @entity1480 -fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) test allows the simultaneous detection of DNA fragmentation and @entity2007 on the same sperm cell. The objectives of this study were to validate the @entity1480 , @entity1480 -FISH and Halosperm tests for the analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation and compare them to the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Semen samples from 20 males undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were processed using FISH, @entity1480 -FISH, @entity1480 and Halosperm, and compared with SCSA results. There was a significant difference between FISH and @entity1480 -FISH results in the detection of @entity2007 (P=0.000) and the level of sperm DNA fragmentation in the samples subjected to SCSA and @entity1480 (P=0.001) or SCSA and @entity1480 -FISH (P=0.001). There was no significant correlation between DNA fragmentation and @entity2007 . If sperm @entity2007 is to be determined, more reliable results will be obtained if FISH is performed rather than @entity1480 -FISH. A lack of validation and unknown clinical significance question the value of DNA fragmentation assays. DNA damage in the male germ line may result in adverse clinical outcomes and the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of sperm DNA damage are being actively researched. Many DNA fragmentation assays such as the Halosperm Kit have been developed recently and are now available at a commercial level. Unfortunately, aimed at vulnerable couples with difficulty conceiving, many of these tests have not been clinically validated. Despite its plausible appeal and fervour of its supporters, the benefits of widespread DNA testing that only achieves the distressing of couples with the knowledge that effectual therapeutic strategies are absent are questionable. Commercially, however, it is no doubt lucrative. Analysis of gametes prior to the initiation of an IVF cycle may improve the quality of embryos transferred. The clinical and scientific community considers it a matter of urgency to translate the basic science behind how a cell prepares for fertilization into routine clinical practice. However, it is equally important, if not more, to allow the science behind such applications to draw level with its practice before its widespread implementation.

title: Sperm chromatin dispersion test in the assessment of DNA fragmentation and XXXX in @entity1 spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sperm chromatin dispersion']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy']


abstract: Sperm DNA damage is thought to be increased in @entity1 with @entity4810 . Previous studies suggest a correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation and @entity2007 . The @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) test was modified to produce the Halosperm Kit. The @entity1480 -fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) test allows the simultaneous detection of DNA fragmentation and @entity2007 on the same sperm cell. The objectives of this study were to validate the @entity1480 , @entity1480 -FISH and Halosperm tests for the analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation and compare them to the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Semen samples from 20 males undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were processed using FISH, @entity1480 -FISH, @entity1480 and Halosperm, and compared with SCSA results. There was a significant difference between FISH and @entity1480 -FISH results in the detection of @entity2007 (P=0.000) and the level of sperm DNA fragmentation in the samples subjected to SCSA and @entity1480 (P=0.001) or SCSA and @entity1480 -FISH (P=0.001). There was no significant correlation between DNA fragmentation and @entity2007 . If sperm @entity2007 is to be determined, more reliable results will be obtained if FISH is performed rather than @entity1480 -FISH. A lack of validation and unknown clinical significance question the value of DNA fragmentation assays. DNA damage in the male germ line may result in adverse clinical outcomes and the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of sperm DNA damage are being actively researched. Many DNA fragmentation assays such as the Halosperm Kit have been developed recently and are now available at a commercial level. Unfortunately, aimed at vulnerable couples with difficulty conceiving, many of these tests have not been clinically validated. Despite its plausible appeal and fervour of its supporters, the benefits of widespread DNA testing that only achieves the distressing of couples with the knowledge that effectual therapeutic strategies are absent are questionable. Commercially, however, it is no doubt lucrative. Analysis of gametes prior to the initiation of an IVF cycle may improve the quality of embryos transferred. The clinical and scientific community considers it a matter of urgency to translate the basic science behind how a cell prepares for fertilization into routine clinical practice. However, it is equally important, if not more, to allow the science behind such applications to draw level with its practice before its widespread implementation.

title: Sperm chromatin dispersion test in the assessment of DNA fragmentation and @entity2007 in XXXX spermatozoa.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Information on reproductive history, gynecologic operations, and examinations was analyzed for 338 @entity4742 ( @entity4743 )-exposed and 298 unexposed @entity1 whose mothers participated in an evaluation of @entity4743 use in pregnancy 28 years ago. A history of infrequent menses (less often than every 36 days) was reported more commonly by the exposed @entity1 (32%) than by the unexposed @entity1 (15%) and the mean duration of menstrual flow was also less. A greater number of exposed @entity1 than unexposed @entity1 experienced @entity249 (53 versus 19). The reasons for these differences are not currently known. Comparison of the outcomes of first pregnancies showed a higher proportion of premature births, @entity2208 , and @entity5849 in the exposed @entity1 (P less than 0.001). The difference in the occurrence of @entity5849 was statistically significant (8 versus 0; P less than 0.005). An adverse pregnancy outcome was more likely in @entity4743 -exposed @entity1 with cervicovaginal ridges. However, when the outcome of all pregnancies were considered, 81% of the exposed @entity1 had at least one living @entity1 . More exposed @entity1 than unexposed @entity1 had gynecologic surgical procedures, which may, in part, be due to the increased medical surveillance of the exposed group. The spectrum of diseases at operation in both groups was similar. @entity4134 and @entity4134 were more commonly reported among the exposed @entity1 while the occurrence of @entity46 in both groups was similar. For the exposed @entity1 who had been examined at the Chicago Lying-In Hospital over a 4-year period, epithelial changes in the vagina had disappeared in 32% and cervicovaginal ridges had disappeared in 57%.

title: Reproductive and gynecologic surgical experience in XXXX -exposed daughters.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['primary infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease', 'Adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1 nucleus accumbens (NA) plays an important role in motivation and emotional processes and is involved in some of the most disabling @entity146 such as @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The purpose of our study was to check out the potential existence of a statistically significant difference in NA size between parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian individuals, through studying brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs). METHODS: For our study we used 52 NAs from 26 cerebral MRIs from neurosurgical @entity1 . Of these MRIs, 15 were preoperative from @entity1 with advanced @entity191 who underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. The group of @entity191 came from the rest 11 individuals. We measured the absolute and relative NA maximum transverse diameter (D (max)), and absolute and relative NA width at a specific transverse plane. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant difference of the mean value of the D (max) (absolute and relative) between the two groups. The mean percentage reduction of the NA size was 11.77% represented by the relative D (max). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity304 -related shrinkage of the @entity1 NA. Further research is needed to identify whether a respective shrinkage is also observed in @entity1 with early @entity191 and whether this atrophy is correlated with @entity146 (perhaps mediated by a malfunctioning NA) that occur in @entity191 .

title: The @entity1 nucleus accumbens suffers XXXX -related shrinkage: a novel finding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'non-parkinsonian MRIs', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'dopaminergic neuropsychiatric symptoms']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1 nucleus accumbens (NA) plays an important role in motivation and emotional processes and is involved in some of the most disabling @entity146 such as @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The purpose of our study was to check out the potential existence of a statistically significant difference in NA size between parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian individuals, through studying brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs). METHODS: For our study we used 52 NAs from 26 cerebral MRIs from neurosurgical @entity1 . Of these MRIs, 15 were preoperative from @entity1 with advanced @entity191 who underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. The group of @entity191 came from the rest 11 individuals. We measured the absolute and relative NA maximum transverse diameter (D (max)), and absolute and relative NA width at a specific transverse plane. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant difference of the mean value of the D (max) (absolute and relative) between the two groups. The mean percentage reduction of the NA size was 11.77% represented by the relative D (max). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity304 -related shrinkage of the @entity1 NA. Further research is needed to identify whether a respective shrinkage is also observed in @entity1 with early @entity191 and whether this atrophy is correlated with @entity146 (perhaps mediated by a malfunctioning NA) that occur in @entity191 .

title: The XXXX nucleus accumbens suffers @entity304 -related shrinkage: a novel finding.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To explore the relationship between @entity322 and genital sensory functioning in females with @entity250 . METHODS: A retrospective consecutive chart review was conducted for all @entity1 who were referred to our tertiary female urology clinic with a primary complaint of @entity250 between October 1999 and January 2009. Our study sample included 177 @entity1 , all of whom underwent a thorough clinical evaluation. Urinary incontinence was diagnosed based on clinical history and physical examination by a urogynecologist. The Genital Thermal and Vibratory Sensory Analyzer (GSA) was used for sensory testing in the genital area. Independent t-test and multivariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 177 study @entity1 (median age 34, range 18-68), 63 (36%) had @entity322 . @entity1 with @entity322 were found to be less sensitive to warm, cold, and vibratory thresholds at both the anterior and the posterior vaginal wall and the clitoral area (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity322 and @entity250 are less sensitive to all sensory testing in the genital region than @entity1 with @entity250 alone. This relationship may be attributable to afferent @entity16 and the critical role it may play in the etiology of @entity322 .

title: Is there an association between female XXXX and decreased genital sensation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunction disorders']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 aquaporin (AQPs) isoforms with a unique tissue-specific pattern of expression have been identified. To date, 11 isoforms of AQP have been reported to be expressed in female and male reproductive systems. The purpose of our study was to determine the localization and quantitative changes in the expression of @entity73024 , 5 and 9 within the @entity1707 oviduct during different stages of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. The results demonstrated that @entity73024 , 5, and 9 were clearly detected in all studied stages of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. @entity73024 was localized within oviductal blood vessels. In cyclic gilts, the expression of @entity73024 protein did not change significantly between days 10-12 and 14-16 but increased on days 2-4 and 18-20. @entity73025 was localized in smooth muscle cells and oviductal epithelial cells. The expression of @entity73025 protein did not change significantly between days 10-12 and 14-16 of the estrous cycle but increased on days 2-4 and 18-20. The anti- @entity73026 antibody labeled epithelial cells of the oviduct. The expression of @entity73026 did not change significantly between days 10-12 and 14-16 of the estrous cycle but increased on days 2-4 and 18-20. In pregnant gilts, expression of @entity73024 , 5, and 9 did not change significantly in comparison with the estrous cycle. Therefore, a functional and distinctive collaboration seems to exist among diverse AQPs in water handling during the different oviductal phases in the estrous cycle and early pregnancy.

title: Fluctuation of aquaporin 1, 5, and 9 expression in the XXXX oviduct during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To improve the outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 , a more accurate prognostic assessment is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity5 DNA ploidy as an independent prognostic factor in @entity2622 . Furthermore, we investigated whether the presence of @entity1600 may have a different clinical impact according to ploidy status. METHODS: In a long-term prospective study, DNA ploidy was evaluated by flow cytometry from fresh @entity5 samples from 136 @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent surgery. Ploidy, @entity1600 , and other classical parameters were analyzed in relation to the length of disease-specific survival. Treatment modalities did not differ between @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: DNA aneuploidy was found in 52 @entity1 (38.2%). @entity1 with @entity5 had a significantly reduced disease-specific survival (P = 0.003). Overall, the 10-year survival probability was 54% for @entity1 with @entity5 and 80% for @entity1 with DNA- @entity5 . Among 64 @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians stage I disease, the 10-year survival rates were 38.7% for the @entity1 with @entity5 and 86.3% for those with DNA- @entity5 (P = 0.003). Overall, @entity5 with @entity1600 did significantly better than @entity5 with @entity1600 (P = 0.05). Among the @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians stage I disease, there was a highly significant difference between @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity5 , with no deaths from the disease in the former group in contrast with the worst outcome in the latter group (P = 0.005). By multivariate analysis, pathologic @entity5 stage, lymph vascular invasion, and @entity5 ploidy were significant and independent parameters, whereas @entity1600 yielded no independent information. CONCLUSIONS: DNA ploidy was an independent prognostic factor in @entity2622 . Presence of @entity1600 may not always have the same impact on survival but may vary according to DNA ploidy of the @entity5 .

title: DNA ploidy is stronger than XXXX as prognostic factor in @entity2622 : 10-year results of a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'DNA-aneuploid tumors', 'aneuploid node-positive tumors', 'diploid tumors', 'primary tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'aneuploid tumors', 'diploid node-positive tumors']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To improve the outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 , a more accurate prognostic assessment is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity5 DNA ploidy as an independent prognostic factor in @entity2622 . Furthermore, we investigated whether the presence of @entity1600 may have a different clinical impact according to ploidy status. METHODS: In a long-term prospective study, DNA ploidy was evaluated by flow cytometry from fresh @entity5 samples from 136 @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent surgery. Ploidy, @entity1600 , and other classical parameters were analyzed in relation to the length of disease-specific survival. Treatment modalities did not differ between @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: DNA aneuploidy was found in 52 @entity1 (38.2%). @entity1 with @entity5 had a significantly reduced disease-specific survival (P = 0.003). Overall, the 10-year survival probability was 54% for @entity1 with @entity5 and 80% for @entity1 with DNA- @entity5 . Among 64 @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians stage I disease, the 10-year survival rates were 38.7% for the @entity1 with @entity5 and 86.3% for those with DNA- @entity5 (P = 0.003). Overall, @entity5 with @entity1600 did significantly better than @entity5 with @entity1600 (P = 0.05). Among the @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians stage I disease, there was a highly significant difference between @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity5 , with no deaths from the disease in the former group in contrast with the worst outcome in the latter group (P = 0.005). By multivariate analysis, pathologic @entity5 stage, lymph vascular invasion, and @entity5 ploidy were significant and independent parameters, whereas @entity1600 yielded no independent information. CONCLUSIONS: DNA ploidy was an independent prognostic factor in @entity2622 . Presence of @entity1600 may not always have the same impact on survival but may vary according to DNA ploidy of the @entity5 .

title: DNA ploidy is stronger than @entity1600 as prognostic factor in XXXX : 10-year results of a prospective study.

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Uterine @entity1358 (UPSCs/CCs) show a different spreading from that of poorly differentiated @entity4348 (PDECs) and are usually thought to be prognostically more @entity146 than PDECs. On the contrary, it has been recently claimed that UPSC/CC and PDEC have a similar prognosis. In this retrospective study on 2 institutional databases, the surgical-pathological data and survival have been compared in @entity1 with UPSC/CC and PDEC. METHODS: A total of 139 surgically staged consecutive @entity1 , 63 with UPSC/CC (37 UPSC; 26 CC) and 76 with PDEC clinically limited to the uterine corpus, have been compared for nuclear ploidy, @entity3 , (occult) cervical extension, peritoneal, and lymph node @entity3 . Prognostic factors have been correlated through multivariate analysis with survival (disease-specific [DSS] and disease-free [DFS]). RESULTS: Peritoneal metastases and aneuploidy were found to be the only parameters significantly different in the 2 groups: peritoneal metastases 28.6% in UPSC/CC (extrapelvic 19%) and 7.9% in PDEC (extrapelvic 2.6%) (P = 0.001), aneuploidy 48.6% in UPSC/CC and 30.6% in PDEC (P = 0.05). Five-year DSS was 57.9% versus 75.2% (P = 0.02), and DFS was 52.3% versus 71.4% (P = 0.04) for UPSC/CC and PDEC, respectively. All but cervical and lymph node involvement were significant predictors of survival. After multivariate analysis, histotype (DSS: hazard ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-3.86; P = 0.04; DFS: HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.04-3.63; P = 0.04), stage (DSS: HR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.10-4.65; P = 0.03; DFS: HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.12-4.38; P = 0.02), and @entity3 (DSS: HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.22-6.69; P = 0.01; DFS: HR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.63-9.62; P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine @entity1358 spread to abdominal peritoneum more frequently than PDEC; multivariate analysis confirms UPSC/CC as an independent, unfavorable predictor of outcome.

title: Uterine papillary serous, clear cell, and poorly differentiated XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous and clear cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody to @entity10497 , was recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity309 . Two @entity1 during clinical development met laboratory, but not clinical, criteria for Hy's law with @entity648 elevations suspected as a result of genetic variation in @entity31537 glucuronosyltransferase ( @entity6912 ) typical of @entity9528 . METHODS: Genotyping of the two cases potentially meeting with Hy's law was performed using commercially available procedures. @entity6912 single nucleotide polymorphism data were extracted from a genome-wide array database for 1187 @entity1 from tocilizumab trials, and associations of @entity6912 genotypes with @entity648 elevations were analyzed using logistic regression for associations with baseline and change from baseline in @entity648 levels as continuous variables. RESULTS: @entity648 elevations were not associated with clinical adverse events. Both @entity1 potentially meeting Hy's law carry homozygous @entity6912 *28 alleles and @entity6912 *60 alleles. @entity6912 *28 and three additional single nucleotide polymorphisms showed odds ratios greater than 25 for associations with elevated @entity648 . The presence of @entity73027 accounted for 32% of the total variance in @entity648 (P=2.2 10). CONCLUSION: @entity648 increases occurring with tocilizumab appear to be related to anti-inflammatory effects extending to the liver. Thus, in the absence of other signs of @entity409 , @entity648 elevations after treatment with tocilizumab have a high probability of association with @entity6912 polymorphism, which should alleviate concerns of serious hepatotoxicity. Our results underscore the value of genotyping in the clinical trial setting to avoid misinterpretations that could lead to terminating development of a promising new agent.

title: Genetic variation in @entity6912 typical of XXXX is associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in @entity1 receiving tocilizumab.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin', 'Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity31537 :: ('MESH:D014532', 'Chemical') :: ['uridine diphosphoglucose']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10497 :: ('3570', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-6 receptor']

entities_list: @entity9528 :: ('MESH:D005878', 'Disease') :: ['Gilbert syndrome']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity9528 :: (MESH:D005878,Disease) :: ['Gilbert syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody to @entity10497 , was recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity309 . Two @entity1 during clinical development met laboratory, but not clinical, criteria for Hy's law with @entity648 elevations suspected as a result of genetic variation in @entity31537 glucuronosyltransferase ( @entity6912 ) typical of @entity9528 . METHODS: Genotyping of the two cases potentially meeting with Hy's law was performed using commercially available procedures. @entity6912 single nucleotide polymorphism data were extracted from a genome-wide array database for 1187 @entity1 from tocilizumab trials, and associations of @entity6912 genotypes with @entity648 elevations were analyzed using logistic regression for associations with baseline and change from baseline in @entity648 levels as continuous variables. RESULTS: @entity648 elevations were not associated with clinical adverse events. Both @entity1 potentially meeting Hy's law carry homozygous @entity6912 *28 alleles and @entity6912 *60 alleles. @entity6912 *28 and three additional single nucleotide polymorphisms showed odds ratios greater than 25 for associations with elevated @entity648 . The presence of @entity73027 accounted for 32% of the total variance in @entity648 (P=2.2 10). CONCLUSION: @entity648 increases occurring with tocilizumab appear to be related to anti-inflammatory effects extending to the liver. Thus, in the absence of other signs of @entity409 , @entity648 elevations after treatment with tocilizumab have a high probability of association with @entity6912 polymorphism, which should alleviate concerns of serious hepatotoxicity. Our results underscore the value of genotyping in the clinical trial setting to avoid misinterpretations that could lead to terminating development of a promising new agent.

title: Genetic variation in XXXX typical of @entity9528 is associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in @entity1 receiving tocilizumab.

answer: @entity6912 :: (54658,Gene) :: ['UGT1A1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody to @entity10497 , was recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity309 . Two @entity1 during clinical development met laboratory, but not clinical, criteria for Hy's law with @entity648 elevations suspected as a result of genetic variation in @entity31537 glucuronosyltransferase ( @entity6912 ) typical of @entity9528 . METHODS: Genotyping of the two cases potentially meeting with Hy's law was performed using commercially available procedures. @entity6912 single nucleotide polymorphism data were extracted from a genome-wide array database for 1187 @entity1 from tocilizumab trials, and associations of @entity6912 genotypes with @entity648 elevations were analyzed using logistic regression for associations with baseline and change from baseline in @entity648 levels as continuous variables. RESULTS: @entity648 elevations were not associated with clinical adverse events. Both @entity1 potentially meeting Hy's law carry homozygous @entity6912 *28 alleles and @entity6912 *60 alleles. @entity6912 *28 and three additional single nucleotide polymorphisms showed odds ratios greater than 25 for associations with elevated @entity648 . The presence of @entity73027 accounted for 32% of the total variance in @entity648 (P=2.2 10). CONCLUSION: @entity648 increases occurring with tocilizumab appear to be related to anti-inflammatory effects extending to the liver. Thus, in the absence of other signs of @entity409 , @entity648 elevations after treatment with tocilizumab have a high probability of association with @entity6912 polymorphism, which should alleviate concerns of serious hepatotoxicity. Our results underscore the value of genotyping in the clinical trial setting to avoid misinterpretations that could lead to terminating development of a promising new agent.

title: Genetic variation in @entity6912 typical of @entity9528 is associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in XXXX receiving tocilizumab.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. Two thousand, three hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 and 1496 @entity1 between the ages of 35 and 64 years were screened for @entity101 and their plasma @entity1372 and @entity972 concentrations measured. Those on antihypertensive or diuretic treatment were excluded from further analysis. 2. After adjusting for age, body mass index and other variables, plasma @entity972 was negatively associated with both systolic and diastolic pressure in @entity1 and @entity1 . A decrease in plasma @entity972 of 1 mmol/l was associated with an increase in systolic pressure in @entity1 of 7 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and diastolic pressure of 4 mmHg (P less than 0.001). In @entity1 the corresponding increases were 4 mmHg (P less than 0.01) and 2 mmHg (P less than 0.05). 3. After adjusting for the other variables as above, plasma @entity1372 was positively related to systolic blood pressure but not to diastolic pressure. An increase in plasma @entity1372 of 1 mmol/l was associated with an increase in systolic pressure of 1 mmHg in both @entity1 (P less than 0.01) and @entity1 (P less than 0.05).

title: Blood pressure and plasma @entity1372 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: 1. Two thousand, three hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 and 1496 @entity1 between the ages of 35 and 64 years were screened for @entity101 and their plasma @entity1372 and @entity972 concentrations measured. Those on antihypertensive or diuretic treatment were excluded from further analysis. 2. After adjusting for age, body mass index and other variables, plasma @entity972 was negatively associated with both systolic and diastolic pressure in @entity1 and @entity1 . A decrease in plasma @entity972 of 1 mmol/l was associated with an increase in systolic pressure in @entity1 of 7 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and diastolic pressure of 4 mmHg (P less than 0.001). In @entity1 the corresponding increases were 4 mmHg (P less than 0.01) and 2 mmHg (P less than 0.05). 3. After adjusting for the other variables as above, plasma @entity1372 was positively related to systolic blood pressure but not to diastolic pressure. An increase in plasma @entity1372 of 1 mmol/l was associated with an increase in systolic pressure of 1 mmHg in both @entity1 (P less than 0.01) and @entity1 (P less than 0.05).

title: Blood pressure and plasma XXXX and @entity972 .

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: The investigation of clinical markers, i.e. substances produced and released by @entity5 , has been encouraged by the need for early diagnosis to increase the chances of successful treatment, and for biological parameters indicative of the progress of the disease itself. A study designed to appraise the usefulness of @entity5 -associated antigens in this respect in cases of @entity0 has been in operation for about 3 years at Oncological Service of the 2nd Obstetric and Gynaecological Clinic, University of Rome. @entity787 ( @entity787 ) values in 71 @entity1 in the initial stages and with @entity3 followed for 24 months are presented. @entity787 levels are related to @entity5 stage, progression, and prognosis. High values appear to be associated with diffusion of the disease: 48% in initial cases; 69% in advanced cases. @entity787 is specific for this type of @entity5 . Even so, high values give an effective expression of its progress by identifying @entity1 with a greated likelihood of recurrence. It is particularly useful as an early indication of recurrence itself. In addition, it is of assistance in monitoring the progress of treatment.

title: [ XXXX ( @entity787 ) in @entity0 . Clinical value].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['Carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: The investigation of clinical markers, i.e. substances produced and released by @entity5 , has been encouraged by the need for early diagnosis to increase the chances of successful treatment, and for biological parameters indicative of the progress of the disease itself. A study designed to appraise the usefulness of @entity5 -associated antigens in this respect in cases of @entity0 has been in operation for about 3 years at Oncological Service of the 2nd Obstetric and Gynaecological Clinic, University of Rome. @entity787 ( @entity787 ) values in 71 @entity1 in the initial stages and with @entity3 followed for 24 months are presented. @entity787 levels are related to @entity5 stage, progression, and prognosis. High values appear to be associated with diffusion of the disease: 48% in initial cases; 69% in advanced cases. @entity787 is specific for this type of @entity5 . Even so, high values give an effective expression of its progress by identifying @entity1 with a greated likelihood of recurrence. It is particularly useful as an early indication of recurrence itself. In addition, it is of assistance in monitoring the progress of treatment.

title: [ @entity787 ( XXXX ) in @entity0 . Clinical value].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen']


abstract: The investigation of clinical markers, i.e. substances produced and released by @entity5 , has been encouraged by the need for early diagnosis to increase the chances of successful treatment, and for biological parameters indicative of the progress of the disease itself. A study designed to appraise the usefulness of @entity5 -associated antigens in this respect in cases of @entity0 has been in operation for about 3 years at Oncological Service of the 2nd Obstetric and Gynaecological Clinic, University of Rome. @entity787 ( @entity787 ) values in 71 @entity1 in the initial stages and with @entity3 followed for 24 months are presented. @entity787 levels are related to @entity5 stage, progression, and prognosis. High values appear to be associated with diffusion of the disease: 48% in initial cases; 69% in advanced cases. @entity787 is specific for this type of @entity5 . Even so, high values give an effective expression of its progress by identifying @entity1 with a greated likelihood of recurrence. It is particularly useful as an early indication of recurrence itself. In addition, it is of assistance in monitoring the progress of treatment.

title: [ @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in XXXX . Clinical value].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with reduced visual acuity (VA) and/or contrast sensitivity have difficulty recognizing faces and facial expressions. We have quantified these difficulties, using a synthetic face discrimination task employing both normal and artificially degraded vision. METHODS: VA and contrast thresholds were measured using an optimised staircase procedure [Freiburg acuity Test (FrACT)] in 25 young adults (aged 18-24 years) with corrected visual acuity of 0.0 logMAR or better and with four levels of vision degraded with @entity432 foils. For face discrimination, male face images were synthesised from 37 cardinal points (position of eyes, width of nose, head shape etc) derived from frontal face photographs and manipulated by altering the points as a fraction of the mean head radius. Face discrimination thresholds (% difference) were measured from a simultaneous four-alternative forced choice of 'odd one out' from three identical faces and one that differed. Psychometric functions were measured for four @entity1 with normal and degraded vision. Subsequently, the difference between faces was fixed at twice the discrimination thresholds and the size of the faces manipulated using the FrACT threshold procedure in 25 @entity1 . Data were converted to equivalent face discrimination distances for realistic face dimensions. RESULTS: With normal vision, face discrimination thresholds ranged from 2.7% to 5.6%; these increased systematically and were more variable with @entity227 . When manipulating face size, face discrimination distance was highly correlated with both acuity and contrast sensitivity (r(2) = 0.77 and 0.80 respectively, p < 0.01). The mean distance with normal vision was 15.3 m (14.5-16.2    S.E.M.). With vision degraded to 0.6 logMAR (6/24 Snellen, contrast threshold 15%) the mean face discrimination distance was reduced to 3.9 m (3.7-4.1,   S.E.M.). CONCLUSIONS: Poor face discrimination has a profound impact on real-life social communication. Here we report that artificial @entity227 also adversely impacts a synthetic face recognition task. As a rule of thumb, reduction in VA of 0.3 logMAR (halving the decimal VA) reduces the face recognition distance by a factor of 0.6 times. The FrACT-based face discrimination task provides an efficient new tool to quantify and monitor face discrimination ability.

title: The effects of XXXX on face discrimination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'People']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual degradation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Bangerter occlusion']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual degradation']


abstract: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) is a degradation product of @entity9734 -based fluorochemicals that are used extensively in industrial and household applications. @entity1 and wildlife are exposed to this class of compounds from several sources. @entity137 tests in rodents have raised concerns about potential developmental, reproductive, and systemic effects of @entity14912 . However, the effect of @entity14912 on the neuroendocrine system has not been investigated thus far. In this study, adult female @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 1, or 10 mg @entity14912 /kg body weight (BW) for 2 weeks. Food and water intake, BW, and estrous cycles were monitored daily. At the end of treatment, @entity14912 levels in tissues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with electrospray mass spectrometry. Changes in brain monoamines were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and serum @entity2819 and leptin were monitored using radioimmunoassay. Treatment with @entity14912 produced a dose-dependent accumulation of this chemical in various body tissues, including the brain. @entity14912 exposure decreased food intake and BW in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity14912 affected estrous cyclicity and increased serum @entity2819 levels while decreasing serum leptin concentrations. @entity14912 treatment also increased @entity1063 concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results indicate that exposure to @entity14912 can affect the neuroendocrine system in @entity35 .

title: Neuroendocrine effects of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity9734 :: ('CHEBI:29825', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonyl']

answer: @entity14911 :: (MESH:C076994,Chemical) :: ['perfluorooctane sulfonate']


abstract: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) is a degradation product of @entity9734 -based fluorochemicals that are used extensively in industrial and household applications. @entity1 and wildlife are exposed to this class of compounds from several sources. @entity137 tests in rodents have raised concerns about potential developmental, reproductive, and systemic effects of @entity14912 . However, the effect of @entity14912 on the neuroendocrine system has not been investigated thus far. In this study, adult female @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 1, or 10 mg @entity14912 /kg body weight (BW) for 2 weeks. Food and water intake, BW, and estrous cycles were monitored daily. At the end of treatment, @entity14912 levels in tissues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with electrospray mass spectrometry. Changes in brain monoamines were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and serum @entity2819 and leptin were monitored using radioimmunoassay. Treatment with @entity14912 produced a dose-dependent accumulation of this chemical in various body tissues, including the brain. @entity14912 exposure decreased food intake and BW in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity14912 affected estrous cyclicity and increased serum @entity2819 levels while decreasing serum leptin concentrations. @entity14912 treatment also increased @entity1063 concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results indicate that exposure to @entity14912 can affect the neuroendocrine system in @entity35 .

title: Neuroendocrine effects of @entity14911 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In this review we summarize the findings of a two-phase study of the prevalence, symptomatology, and etiology of @entity18212 ( @entity18212 ). We also explore possible triggers, the potential linkage between @entity18212 , and the lifestyle alterations produced by @entity18212 . The first phase of the study consisted of a random sampling of 1,582 individuals from the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area to determine the reported prevalence of a @entity56 to common chemicals. In this phase, 12.6% of the sample reported a @entity56 . Further questioning of individuals with a @entity56 indicated that 13.5% (1.8% of the entire sample) reported losing their jobs because of their @entity56 . The second phase was a follow-up questioning of the respondents who initially reported @entity56 . In this phase, we found that individuals with @entity56 experience a variety of symptoms and triggers. A significant percentage (27.5%) reported that their @entity56 was initiated by an exposure to pesticides, whereas an equal percentage (27.5%) attributed it to solvents. Only 1.4% had a history of prior emotional problems, but 37.7% developed these problems after the physical symptoms emerged. This suggests that @entity18212 has a physiologic and not a psychologic etiology.

title: A review of a two-phase population study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18212 :: ('MESH:D018777', 'Disease') :: ['multiple chemical sensitivities', 'MCS and other disorders', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity18212 :: (MESH:D018777,Disease) :: ['multiple chemical sensitivities']