abstract: Between January and March 1984, the first community outbreak of transient @entity2743 in the United States was documented in a seven-county area of southeastern Nebraska; 36 of the total 49 @entity1 resided in York County (2.4 cases per 1,000 population). The median age of @entity1 was 36 years, range six to 82 years; 51 percent were @entity1 . By definition, all @entity1 were symptomatic, visited a physician, and had a newly identified elevated serum concentration of @entity1955 or @entity1954 of unknown cause. None had a @entity5651 or a @entity158 . Low 131I uptake measurements were found in all nine @entity1 studied. Six @entity1 were hospitalized; none died. Investigation of all 12 household contacts of eight selected @entity1 revealed five additional @entity1 with @entity2743 and four with asymptomatic @entity16414 . A case-control study revealed that illness was associated with a significantly higher frequency of a @entity1576 . In another case-control study, the HLA-DR3 antigen was present in more case subjects (39 percent) than control subjects (14 percent). In addition, a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 than control subjects purchased beef from one of the three supermarkets in York Country. Concomitant with the outbreak, the supermarket implicated in the outbreak purchased an unusually large quantity of beef (7,000 pounds) from a nonregular supplier in Nebraska, which had reportedly instituted the practice of trimming gullets (a procedure that removes the muscles from @entity291 larynx for beef) about three months earlier. Thus, it is concluded that the Nebraska outbreak, like one in Minnesota that occurred 18 months later, probably resulted from @entity1 having eaten ground beef that was contaminated with @entity291 thyroid gland. This form of @entity2743 , perhaps misdiagnosed as @entity1374 in the past, probably represents a previously under-recognized public health problem.

title: Community outbreak of XXXX : epidemiology, immunogenetic characteristics, and long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity16414 :: ('MESH:D006981', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroxinemia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['reported recent respiratory viral-like condition']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['painless thyroiditis']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Public health is increasingly concerned with recognising factors that lead to sex differences in @entity64 . We conducted a study to determine the effect of sex on knowledge of @entity64 risk factors and warning signs, and how both are perceived, in a representative sample of adults. METHODS: A representative sample of the population of Extremadura, Spain was selected using a double randomisation technique. Previously trained medical students carried out face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 2409 subjects were interviewed [59.9  % @entity1 ; mean age (SD) 49.0 (18.7) years]. Seventy-three percent of all subjects reported at least one correct warning sign of @entity64 (OR: 1.01; 95  % CI: 0.84-1.21). The most frequently mentioned warning signs were @entity425 , @entity1296 , and @entity10 . There were no sex differences regarding the types of warning symptoms that respondents listed. @entity1 displayed better knowledge of risk factors than @entity1 (OR: 1.23; 95  % CI: 1.05-1.46). @entity1 were more likely to name @entity101 as a risk factor for @entity64 whereas @entity1 more frequently listed smoking, @entity285 consumption and a sedentary lifestyle as risk factors. In response to @entity64 , @entity1 were significantly less likely than @entity1 to choose to call an ambulance or to go immediately to hospital (OR: 0.69; 95  % CI: 0.60-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 knowledge is suboptimal in both @entity1 and @entity1 . We detected better knowledge of @entity64 risk factors in @entity1 , as well as differences in the type of risk factors listed by @entity1 and @entity1 . There were significant sex differences regarding response to @entity64 or to its warning signs.

title: Knowledge of XXXX a study from a sex perspective.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['sudden weakness']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Our experience of radical nephrectomy was analyzed and recent management of @entity1358 was reviewed. One hundred forty-eight @entity1 with @entity1358 were treated by radical nephrectomy between 1970 and December, 1986. The 5-year survival rate according to pathological @entity5 was 100% for 4 @entity1 in @entity2558 , 73% for 85 @entity1 in pT2, 51% for 54 @entity1 in @entity1803 , and 0% for 5 @entity1 in pT4. Four @entity1 in @entity2558 had no venous involvement, lymph node @entity3 , or distant @entity3 . Thirty @entity1 had venous involvement, 8 in pT2, 20 in @entity1803 and 2 in pT4. Seventeen @entity1 had positive lymph nodes, 0 in pT2, 15 in @entity1803 and 2 in pT4. Thirty-three @entity1 had distant @entity3 at the time of nephrectomy, 12 in pT2, 18 in @entity1803 and 3 in pT4. The 5-year survival rates of 30 @entity1 with venous involvement, 17 with lymph node @entity3 and 33 with distant @entity3 were 47%, 30% and 37%, respectively. No anti- @entity5 drugs have been recognized to be effective for @entity1358 . However, recent experiences with interferon and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy suggest that immunotherapy may have a potential role in the management of @entity1358 .

title: [Recent management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T-stage', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of @entity694 @entity1 with extremely elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen( @entity10580 ) level before operation(>50  g/L). METHODS: Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 1250 @entity1 with @entity694 undergoing @entity5 resection between January 2001 and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. All the @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the preoperative serum @entity10580 levels as normal group (0-5  g/L, 721 cases), elevated group(5-50  g/L, 408 cases) and extremely elevated(>50  g/L, 121 cases). Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival and disease-free survival. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival between groups. Cox regression was used to screen the independent prognostic factors of @entity694 . RESULTS: Compared with normal and elevated groups, @entity1 with extremely elevated @entity10580 had more @entity1442 ,N,M stages (P<0.01), more palliative surgery (P<0.01) and more lymphovascular invasion(P<0.01). During the follow-up, @entity1 with extremely elevated @entity10580 demonstrated significantly higher ratio of distant @entity3 and liver @entity3 (both P=0.001). After radical surgery, 5-year overall survival rate of @entity1 with normal, elevated and extremely elevated @entity10580 levels was 70.1%, 54.4% and 42%, respectively, with statistically significant difference among three groups (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 differentiation, TNM staging, preoperative @entity10580 levels, lymphovascular invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for @entity694 (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity694 @entity1 with extremely elevated preoperative @entity10580 levels are associated with more unfavorable pathological factors, advanced TNM stage and more distant @entity3 (especially the liver @entity3 ) during the follow-up. The elevated degree of preoperative @entity10580 level is an independent poor prognostic factor of @entity1 with @entity694 .

title: [Clinical characteristics and prognosis of XXXX @entity1 with extremely elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced T']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer', 'colonic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of @entity694 @entity1 with extremely elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen( @entity10580 ) level before operation(>50  g/L). METHODS: Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 1250 @entity1 with @entity694 undergoing @entity5 resection between January 2001 and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. All the @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the preoperative serum @entity10580 levels as normal group (0-5  g/L, 721 cases), elevated group(5-50  g/L, 408 cases) and extremely elevated(>50  g/L, 121 cases). Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival and disease-free survival. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival between groups. Cox regression was used to screen the independent prognostic factors of @entity694 . RESULTS: Compared with normal and elevated groups, @entity1 with extremely elevated @entity10580 had more @entity1442 ,N,M stages (P<0.01), more palliative surgery (P<0.01) and more lymphovascular invasion(P<0.01). During the follow-up, @entity1 with extremely elevated @entity10580 demonstrated significantly higher ratio of distant @entity3 and liver @entity3 (both P=0.001). After radical surgery, 5-year overall survival rate of @entity1 with normal, elevated and extremely elevated @entity10580 levels was 70.1%, 54.4% and 42%, respectively, with statistically significant difference among three groups (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 differentiation, TNM staging, preoperative @entity10580 levels, lymphovascular invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for @entity694 (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity694 @entity1 with extremely elevated preoperative @entity10580 levels are associated with more unfavorable pathological factors, advanced TNM stage and more distant @entity3 (especially the liver @entity3 ) during the follow-up. The elevated degree of preoperative @entity10580 level is an independent poor prognostic factor of @entity1 with @entity694 .

title: [Clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity694 XXXX with extremely elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We report two cases of @entity3225 . Case 1 is a 66-year-old @entity1 whose left eye was enucleated about one month after onset of @entity227 . Ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed multiple choroidal masses. Six weeks before the onset of ocular manifestations he had undergone a prolonged carotid endarterectomy with intraoperative complications. The source of the @entity5517 was probably exogenous. Case 2 is a 49-year-old @entity1 who had @entity785 ( @entity2631 ) with severe @entity338 . She had received moderate doses of corticosteroids. Seventeen months after initiation of therapy she developed ocular manifestations leading to enucleation of the eye one month later. Histopathologically, the enucleated eyes in both cases showed numerous branching, Gram-positive, filamentous organisms involving mainly the plane of Bruch's membrane and the subretinal space. The nosological and microbiological aspects of @entity7180 are reviewed.

title: XXXX : report of two cases studied histopathologically.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity7180 :: ('MESH:D009617', 'Disease') :: ['nocardiosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['nocardial endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Nocardial endophthalmitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential of expression profiling using microarray analysis as a tool to predict the prognosis for different types of @entity5 has been realized. This study aimed to identify a novel biomarker for @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: The expression profiles of @entity5 cells in 152 @entity1 with stage I-III @entity14 were examined using microarray analysis. High expression in @entity14 cells, especially in @entity1 with distant recurrences, was a prerequisite to select candidate genes. Thus, we identified seventeen candidate genes, and selected @entity9134 - and Nck-interacting kinase ( @entity73302 ), which was known to be associated with progression in @entity14 through Wnt signaling pathways. We analyzed the protein expression of @entity73302 using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and investigated the relationship between protein expression and @entity1 characteristics in 220 stage I-III @entity14 @entity1 . RESULTS: Relapse-free survival was significantly worse in the @entity73302 high expression group than in the @entity73302 low expression group in stage II (p   =   0.028) and stage III (p   =   0.006) @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, high @entity73302 expression was identified as a significant independent risk factor of distant recurrence in stage III @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study is the first to demonstrate the prognostic significance of intratumoral @entity73302 protein expression in clinical tissue samples of @entity14 , in that high expression of @entity73302 protein in primary @entity5 was associated with distant recurrence in stage II and III @entity14 @entity1 . This @entity73302 IHC study might contribute to practical decision-making in the treatment of these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of Traf2- and Nck- interacting kinase ( @entity73302 ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential of expression profiling using microarray analysis as a tool to predict the prognosis for different types of @entity5 has been realized. This study aimed to identify a novel biomarker for @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: The expression profiles of @entity5 cells in 152 @entity1 with stage I-III @entity14 were examined using microarray analysis. High expression in @entity14 cells, especially in @entity1 with distant recurrences, was a prerequisite to select candidate genes. Thus, we identified seventeen candidate genes, and selected @entity9134 - and Nck-interacting kinase ( @entity73302 ), which was known to be associated with progression in @entity14 through Wnt signaling pathways. We analyzed the protein expression of @entity73302 using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and investigated the relationship between protein expression and @entity1 characteristics in 220 stage I-III @entity14 @entity1 . RESULTS: Relapse-free survival was significantly worse in the @entity73302 high expression group than in the @entity73302 low expression group in stage II (p   =   0.028) and stage III (p   =   0.006) @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, high @entity73302 expression was identified as a significant independent risk factor of distant recurrence in stage III @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study is the first to demonstrate the prognostic significance of intratumoral @entity73302 protein expression in clinical tissue samples of @entity14 , in that high expression of @entity73302 protein in primary @entity5 was associated with distant recurrence in stage II and III @entity14 @entity1 . This @entity73302 IHC study might contribute to practical decision-making in the treatment of these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of Traf2- and Nck- interacting kinase ( XXXX ) in @entity14 .

answer: @entity73302 :: (23043,Gene) :: ['TNIK']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The data of factors on the changes in survival before and after the introduction of @entity1749 in unselected @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 is scarce in Asian population. We analyzed the clinical features and treatment outcomes of 270 consecutive @entity1582 @entity1 admitted to our hospital between January 1995 and August 2014. The @entity1 were divided into two groups, 1995-2005 (n   =   106) and 2006-2014 (n   =   164), based on @entity1749 availability. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups, except age and percentage of @entity1 receiving autologous stem cell transplantation (auto- @entity12497 ). The proportion of @entity1 obtaining >= very good partial response (VGPR) was higher in the recent cohort, which was translated as better overall survival in both younger and older @entity1 (36.1 vs. 79.8  months, P   =   0.024, and 40.0 vs. 110.7  months, respectively). @entity1 receiving @entity1749 early after diagnosis showed significantly better survival. However, there was no difference in survival between @entity1 obtaining >= VGPR in the two groups. On multivariate analysis, age >= 75 and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) >normal were associated with shorter survival, while early @entity1749 use and auto- @entity12497 were associated with longer survival. On Cox regression analysis, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage III, LDH, and treatment response <VGPR in the previous cohort and @entity5 stage III, @entity1011 >= 2.0  mg/dL, and treatment response <VGPR in the recent cohort were associated with poorer survival. Our observations indicated marked improvement of survival in @entity1582 @entity1 diagnosed from 2006 to 2014 mainly due to the availability of @entity1749 in Japan.

title: Changes in survival rate of @entity1582 after the introduction of XXXX : a single institutional experience over 20  years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ISS', 'International Staging System']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The data of factors on the changes in survival before and after the introduction of @entity1749 in unselected @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 is scarce in Asian population. We analyzed the clinical features and treatment outcomes of 270 consecutive @entity1582 @entity1 admitted to our hospital between January 1995 and August 2014. The @entity1 were divided into two groups, 1995-2005 (n   =   106) and 2006-2014 (n   =   164), based on @entity1749 availability. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups, except age and percentage of @entity1 receiving autologous stem cell transplantation (auto- @entity12497 ). The proportion of @entity1 obtaining >= very good partial response (VGPR) was higher in the recent cohort, which was translated as better overall survival in both younger and older @entity1 (36.1 vs. 79.8  months, P   =   0.024, and 40.0 vs. 110.7  months, respectively). @entity1 receiving @entity1749 early after diagnosis showed significantly better survival. However, there was no difference in survival between @entity1 obtaining >= VGPR in the two groups. On multivariate analysis, age >= 75 and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) >normal were associated with shorter survival, while early @entity1749 use and auto- @entity12497 were associated with longer survival. On Cox regression analysis, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage III, LDH, and treatment response <VGPR in the previous cohort and @entity5 stage III, @entity1011 >= 2.0  mg/dL, and treatment response <VGPR in the recent cohort were associated with poorer survival. Our observations indicated marked improvement of survival in @entity1582 @entity1 diagnosed from 2006 to 2014 mainly due to the availability of @entity1749 in Japan.

title: Changes in survival rate of XXXX after the introduction of @entity1749 : a single institutional experience over 20  years.

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Second-look surgery is used in restaging @entity1 with @entity43 to define sites of recurrence, plan therapy, and perform @entity5 debulking. We evaluated the role of CT in detecting residual or recurrent @entity5 in 55 @entity1 in whom 64 abdominopelvic CT scans were obtained. Forty-eight @entity1 underwent a second-look operation, and eight of these @entity1 had an additional third-look operation. CT correctly identified 17 (85%) of 20 cases with residual or recurrent pelvic disease and three (75%) of four cases with bulky @entity1625 . CT failed to detect @entity5 in any of the five cases with minimal @entity66 and was able to detect @entity189 in only two (8%) of 24 cases. In four cases, CT detected pelvic disease not identified on clinical pelvic examination. On the 56 scans in 48 @entity1 with surgical proof (280 surgical findings), CT had a sensitivity of 40% (22/55) and a specificity of 99% (224/225). In seven additional @entity1 , second-look laparotomy was canceled because of CT findings of extensive, unresectable @entity5 . We conclude that CT provided valuable information regarding residual or recurrent @entity5 prior to second- and third-look surgery. In selective cases, CT findings obviated unnecessary surgery. However, the CT's lack of sensitivity in identifying minimal @entity66 and @entity189 precludes its use as a substitute for second-look surgery.

title: CT prior to second-look operation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abdominopelvic disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has a moderate effect on symptom reduction and on general well being of @entity1 suffering from @entity716 . However, questions regarding the specific efficacy of CBT, the treatment safety, the cost-effectiveness, and the moderators and mediators of treatment effects are still a major issue. The major objective of this trial is to investigate whether CBT is specifically efficacious in reducing positive symptoms when compared with non-specific supportive therapy (ST) which does not implement CBT-techniques but provides comparable therapeutic attention. METHODS/DESIGN: The POSITIVE study is a multicenter, prospective, single-blind, parallel group, randomised clinical trial, comparing CBT and ST with respect to the efficacy in reducing positive symptoms in @entity914 . CBT as well as ST consist of 20 sessions altogether, 165 @entity1 receiving CBT and 165 @entity1 receiving ST. Major methodological aspects of the study are systematic recruitment, explicit inclusion criteria, reliability checks of assessments with control for rater shift, analysis by intention to treat, data management using remote data entry, measures of quality assurance (e.g. on-site monitoring with source data verification, regular query process), advanced statistical analysis, manualized treatment, checks of adherence and competence of therapists. Research relating the psychotherapy process with outcome, neurobiological research addressing basic questions of delusion formation using fMRI and neuropsychological assessment and treatment research investigating adaptations of CBT for adolescents is combined in this network. Problems of transfer into routine clinical care will be identified and addressed by a project focusing on cost efficiency. DISCUSSION: This clinical trial is part of efforts to intensify psychotherapy research in the field of @entity716 in Germany, to contribute to the international discussion on psychotherapy in @entity914 , and to help implement psychotherapy in routine care. Furthermore, the study will allow drawing conclusions about the mediators of treatment effects of CBT of @entity914 .

title: Cognitive behavioural therapy versus supportive therapy for persistent positive symptoms in XXXX : the POSITIVE Study, a multicenter, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: The rural population of 63,645 living in the mountainous Kuthar Valley of South Kashmir, Northwest India was surveyed to determine the prevalence of major @entity16 , including @entity302 (called Lath/Mirgi/Laran in the local language). The survey was done according to a World Health Organization protocol (1981). House-to-house screening was done by Anganwadi workers to identify @entity1 with possible @entity302 . The screening questionnaire was translated into local vernacular. @entity1 who had some indication of a history of @entity410 or other @entity16 were subsequently examined by a neurologic team. The diagnostic criteria of Hauser and Kurland (1975) were used to define cases of active @entity302 and @entity410 classification (ILAE, 1981) was done only with clinical data. One hundred fifty-seven cases of active @entity302 were detected, giving a crude prevalence rate of 2.47/1,000 general population. In those aged less than 14 years, prevalence was 3.18/1,000. Ninety-five (60.5%) of all cases were male; 91% of active @entity302 cases had onset of @entity410 before age 30 years. Mean age of onset in males was 5.3 years, and in females it was 7.1 years. Mean duration of @entity410 was 6 years; 78.9% cases had generalized @entity410 , 74.5% cases were receiving no specific treatment, 99.4% cases were born of home delivery, and 8.9% cases had a positive family history of @entity410 . @entity1032 was the most common associated abnormality in 22.9% of cases.

title: Prevalence and pattern of XXXX (Lath/Mirgi/Laran) in rural Kashmir, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease', 'neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity4767 and @entity792 are often associated with retention of antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Although beneficial or detrimental contributions of ASC to @entity6220 remain to be defined, virus-specific ASC are crucial in controlling persistent CNS @entity281 following coronavirus-induced @entity1651 . This report characterizes expression kinetics of factors associated with ASC homing, differentiation, and survival in the spinal cord, the prominent site of coronavirus persistence. Infection induced a vast, @entity379 )-dependent, prolonged increase in @entity373 ( @entity373 ), @entity371 , and @entity372 mRNA, supporting a role for @entity373 (C @entity366 -mediated ASC recruitment. Similarly, C @entity404 T cell-secreted i @entity15787 a critical regulator of both peripheral activated B cells and C @entity405 T cells, was sustained during viral persistence. The ASC survival factors B cell-activating factor of the t @entity5 n @entity39 factor (TNF) family (BAFF) and a proliferating-inducing ligand (APRIL) were also significantly elevated in the infected CNS, albeit delayed relative to the chemokines. Unlike IFN-y-dependent BAFF upregulation, APRIL induction was IFN-y independent. Moreover, both APRIL and BAFF were predominantly localized to astrocytes. Last, the expression kinetics of the APRIL and BAFF receptors coincided with CNS accumulation of ASC. Therefore, the factors associated with ASC migration, differentiation, and survival are all induced during acute viral e @entity1651 prior to ASC accumulation in the CNS. Importantly, the CNS expression kinetics implicate rapid establishment, and subsequent maintenance, of an environment capable of supporting differentiation and survival of protective antiviral ASC, recruited as plasmablasts from lymphoid organs.

title: Factors supporting intrathecal humoral responses following viral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system (CNS) infections']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['gamma interferon (IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity373 :: ('4283', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9', 'CXCL9', 'chemokine']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity366 :: ('2833', 'Gene') :: ['C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune inflammatory disorders']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: @entity2880 factor ( @entity2881 ) is necessary for the initial attachment of platelets to exposed subendothelium, particularly under flow conditions like those prevailing in the microcirculation. Little is known about its possible participation in subsequent events leading to formation of platelet thrombi at sites of @entity1317 . We addressed this question by studying the mechanisms by which desialylated @entity2881 induces @entity1423 in the absence of any other stimulus. Asialo @entity2881 , unlike the native molecule, does not require @entity8325 to interact with platelets. Agglutination induced by @entity8325 is largely independent of active platelet metabolism and only partially reflects physiological events. We have shown here that binding of asialo @entity2881 to platelets was accompanied by release of dense granule content and subsequent @entity857 -dependent fibrinogen binding to receptors on the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. The initial interaction of asialo @entity2881 with platelets was mediated by GPIb, as shown by blocking obtained with monoclonal antibody. Inhibition of this initial interaction completely abolished @entity1423 induced by asialo @entity2881 . The same effect was obtained with a monoclonal anti- @entity1427 /IIIa antibody. This, however, did not block asialo @entity2881 binding to platelets, but rather inhibited subsequent fibrinogen binding induced by asialo @entity2881 . Therefore, the latter process was also essential for @entity1423 under the conditions described. At saturation, asialo @entity2881 induced binding of between 3.2 and 27.7 X 10(3) fibrinogen molecules/platelet, with an apparent dissociation constant between 0.28 and 1.18 X 10(-6) M. This study shows that asialo, and possibly native, @entity2881 acts as a platelet agonist after its binding to GPIb and induces aggregation through a pathway dependent on @entity1427 /IIIa-related receptors.

title: Interaction of asialo XXXX factor with glycoprotein Ib induces fibrinogen binding to the @entity1423 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2880 :: (MESH:D014842,Disease) :: ['von Willebrand']


abstract: @entity2880 factor ( @entity2881 ) is necessary for the initial attachment of platelets to exposed subendothelium, particularly under flow conditions like those prevailing in the microcirculation. Little is known about its possible participation in subsequent events leading to formation of platelet thrombi at sites of @entity1317 . We addressed this question by studying the mechanisms by which desialylated @entity2881 induces @entity1423 in the absence of any other stimulus. Asialo @entity2881 , unlike the native molecule, does not require @entity8325 to interact with platelets. Agglutination induced by @entity8325 is largely independent of active platelet metabolism and only partially reflects physiological events. We have shown here that binding of asialo @entity2881 to platelets was accompanied by release of dense granule content and subsequent @entity857 -dependent fibrinogen binding to receptors on the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. The initial interaction of asialo @entity2881 with platelets was mediated by GPIb, as shown by blocking obtained with monoclonal antibody. Inhibition of this initial interaction completely abolished @entity1423 induced by asialo @entity2881 . The same effect was obtained with a monoclonal anti- @entity1427 /IIIa antibody. This, however, did not block asialo @entity2881 binding to platelets, but rather inhibited subsequent fibrinogen binding induced by asialo @entity2881 . Therefore, the latter process was also essential for @entity1423 under the conditions described. At saturation, asialo @entity2881 induced binding of between 3.2 and 27.7 X 10(3) fibrinogen molecules/platelet, with an apparent dissociation constant between 0.28 and 1.18 X 10(-6) M. This study shows that asialo, and possibly native, @entity2881 acts as a platelet agonist after its binding to GPIb and induces aggregation through a pathway dependent on @entity1427 /IIIa-related receptors.

title: Interaction of asialo @entity2880 factor with glycoprotein Ib induces fibrinogen binding to the XXXX .

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and mediates platelet aggregation']


abstract: 1. Pulsed bidirectional Doppler-ultrasound equipment was used to measure changes in blood velocities in the femoral artery on a beat to beat basis for consecutive contraction and relaxation phases during voluntary rhythmic exercise of the quadriceps muscle group in @entity1 . 2. Rapid and large fluctuations of blood velocities were found, being high during relaxation and low during contraction phases. At the onset of contraction phase, negative velocities were present, indicating retrograde flow. During the rest of the contraction phase, forward flow occurred comparable to the resting flow level even at high loads. 3. Estimated maximal flow to the whole leg during relaxation phase, calculated from these blood velocity measurements and vessel diameter (measured with echo-ultrasound equipment with high resolution) was in two of the subjects 3.32 l @entity1009 (female) and 5.97 l @entity1009 (male). When using computer tomography to estimate the volume of the quadriceps muscle group, the calculated maximum flow to this muscle group was 243 (female) and 257 (male) ml @entity1009 100 ml muscle-1. The time-averaged flow during exercise to the whole leg was 1.51 l @entity1009 (female) and 2.47 l @entity1009 (male). The calculated time-averaged flow to the quadriceps muscle group was 101 (female) and 98 (male) ml @entity1009 100 ml muscle-1. 4. The duration of post-contraction hyperaemia following such rhythmic exercise of up to 6 min duration and up to 75% maximum voluntary contraction was never in excess of 150 s.

title: Time course and magnitude of blood flow changes in the XXXX quadriceps muscles during and following rhythmic exercise.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A case of @entity1893 (Kepes) is reported. This @entity1 was a 12-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity410 seizure. Neurological examination on admission showed no abnormality. Plain CT scan revealed a well defined low density area with calcification in the right frontal lobe. A part of peripheral portion of low density area were well enhanced with contrast media. At operation, there was a cyst containing xanthochromic fluid in the right frontal lobe. A part of cyst well near the cerebral surface was reddish hard. Total @entity5 and subtotal removal of the cyst wall were performed. He has been doing well for these 3 years following craniotomy and has no deficit without CT evidence of recurrent @entity5 . Histologically the @entity5 cells displayed marked pleomorohism. However either @entity39 or mitosis were not seen. Frequently these cells had vacuolated or foamy cytoplasm. There were many of the giant cells and multinucleated cells. In some area, these @entity5 cells were surrounded by a fine network of reticulin fibers. Electron microscopically the @entity5 cells were occasionally filled with glial filament and lipid granules were seen. Immunoperoxidase technique revealed @entity538 in the cytoplasm of the @entity5 cells. This case was considered to be @entity1893 first proposed by Kepes.

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of nodular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']


abstract: The utility and prognostic significance of the @entity1334 classification was studied in 237 @entity1 with a @entity2590 . No significant differences in actuarial survival and probability of transformation to acute @entity1778 were found in @entity1 with @entity309 , AISA or @entity12188 . The median survival time for the @entity309 group was 50 months, for the AISA and @entity12188 subclasses more than 60 months. The probability of transformation for the @entity309 , AISA and @entity12188 subgroups showed a linear trend with a probability of 25% for the @entity309 , 16% for the AISA and of 18% for the @entity12188 groups after a 5 year observation period. A uniformly poor prognosis was found for the @entity7139 and @entity7139 /t subgroups with median survival times of respectively 9 and 6 months. @entity2008 were found in 68 out of 155 @entity1 (44%). @entity1 with only normal metaphases or with abnormal metaphases together with karyotypic normal cells had a longer median survival time and a lower probability for transformation as compared to those with only abnormal metaphases. The most important factor in prognosis is the number of blast cells in blood and bone marrow. Age and sex, and certain quantitative and qualitative @entity1503 appear of limited prognostic value for @entity1 with @entity309 , AISA and @entity12188 . The longer life expectancy of 35 @entity1 with @entity12188 as compared to other series seems to be related to the percentage of blast cells at the time of diagnosis.

title: Utility of the @entity1334 classification for XXXX syndromes: investigation of prognostic factors in 237 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the peripheral blood']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic']


abstract: The utility and prognostic significance of the @entity1334 classification was studied in 237 @entity1 with a @entity2590 . No significant differences in actuarial survival and probability of transformation to acute @entity1778 were found in @entity1 with @entity309 , AISA or @entity12188 . The median survival time for the @entity309 group was 50 months, for the AISA and @entity12188 subclasses more than 60 months. The probability of transformation for the @entity309 , AISA and @entity12188 subgroups showed a linear trend with a probability of 25% for the @entity309 , 16% for the AISA and of 18% for the @entity12188 groups after a 5 year observation period. A uniformly poor prognosis was found for the @entity7139 and @entity7139 /t subgroups with median survival times of respectively 9 and 6 months. @entity2008 were found in 68 out of 155 @entity1 (44%). @entity1 with only normal metaphases or with abnormal metaphases together with karyotypic normal cells had a longer median survival time and a lower probability for transformation as compared to those with only abnormal metaphases. The most important factor in prognosis is the number of blast cells in blood and bone marrow. Age and sex, and certain quantitative and qualitative @entity1503 appear of limited prognostic value for @entity1 with @entity309 , AISA and @entity12188 . The longer life expectancy of 35 @entity1 with @entity12188 as compared to other series seems to be related to the percentage of blast cells at the time of diagnosis.

title: Utility of the XXXX classification for @entity2590 syndromes: investigation of prognostic factors in 237 cases.

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['FAB']


abstract: The use of intermittent intra-aortic balloon tamponade was evaluated during resuscitation of @entity548 in a @entity742 model. Twenty adult @entity742 were exposed to severe @entity548 and they were all treated with crystalloids (8% of body wt) during one hour. Ten of these were also treated with intermittent supraceliac intra-aortic balloon tamponade during the initial 30 min (group A) while the other 10 were used as a controls (group B). In the group treated with intra-aortic tamponade the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was rapidly increased as the balloon was inflated, but it dropped to the same level as in the control group during deflation. In this group there were also great fluctuations in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) when the aortic balloon was inflated/deflated, while central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were hardly affected at all. After final deflation of the aortic balloon (at 30 min), MAP remained 35% lower than the baseline value (p less than 0.01), similar to the control group. Cardiac index (CI) increased continuously during the first 30 min, at which time it reached the pre-shock level in both groups. At the end of the resuscitation period there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the @entity65 measured. Four animals died in group A and 3 in group B within 24 hours, after which time the survivers were sacrificed. Both groups had high incidence of pathological changes in the kidneys, liver, intestine, and lungs. Six animals in group A had hind limb @entity912 and loss of anal sphinter tone after the resuscitation. It was concluded that intermittent supraceliac aortic occlusion for 30 minutes did not decrease morbidity or mortality in @entity742 exposed to severe @entity548 compared with a control group treated in a traditional way with fluid replacement.

title: Intermittent intra-aortic balloon tamponade during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameters']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: In order to investigate the mechanism of dyspnoea in @entity1378 measurements of spirometry, lung volume, transfer factor for @entity1223 and its subdivisions, maximal respiratory pressures, @entity2710 challenge, arterial blood gases were made and exercise studies performed on 16 @entity1 before treatment for @entity1378 . @entity2710 challenge showed that only three of 14 @entity1 increased airway reactivity, which was mild. Maximal pressures which could be generated by the respiratory muscles were reduced in some @entity1 , as was functional residual capacity. Exercise ventilation and breathing frequency were increased and the respiratory exchange ratio was abnormally high. Anaerobic threshold was measured in nine of 15 subjects and was below normal in each case. All but two subjects stopped exercise because of dyspnoea, and the maximum @entity26 uptake achieved by the group was 53 per cent (n = 15, range 26-66 per cent) of predicted maximum @entity26 consumption. The maximum ventilation averaged only 43 per cent (n = 15, range 16-96 per cent) of the maximal breathing capacity predicted from spirometric tests. Nine @entity1 were studied shortly after being rendered euthyroid by treatment. At rest, only maximal respiratory pressures increased significantly. On exercise, the maximal workload attained and the ventilation achieved increased significantly. Breathing patterns, maximal @entity26 consumption, ventilation, anaerobic threshold and cardiac frequency remained unchanged. We conclude that: @entity1 with @entity1378 do not generally have increased airway reactivity; when @entity1378 , respiratory muscles are weak, and improve following treatment; exercise capacity is impaired in @entity1378 @entity1 probably because of a combination of an inefficiently rapid and shallow breathing pattern, an increase of anaerobic metabolism and discomfort associated with the act of breathing. Although exercise capacity increases and the sensation of dyspnoea may decrease after treatment the pattern of breathing does not immediately return to normal.

title: Lung function and exercise performance in XXXX before and after treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine', 'Methacholine']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: We have previously described surgical techniques for draining severe cases of @entity726 by means of an artificial implant. Wherever possible these implants have been inserted in two stages. The technique involved suturing the episcleral plates of the implant to the sclera without connecting them to the chamber as the first procedure. Following this procedure the presence of the plates cause the surrounding tissue to form a thin fibrous envelope called a preformed @entity4530 . After a suitable interval of between six and eight weeks the connecting tube of the implant was inserted into the anterio chamber so as to drain aqueous into this preformed @entity4530 . This manoeuvre drastically reduced the incidence of @entity86 and has proved a safe and effective technique. This communication reports an improvement on this technique in which the connecting tube of the implant is occluded by a ligature of 5-0 vicryl before inserting the tube into the anterior chamber through a fine needle puncture, at the same time as the episcleral plates of the implant are sutured to the sclera. The effect of this procedure is thus to prevent any drainage of aqueous until three to five weeks after operation when the vicryl suture material dissolves, allowing aqueous to drain into the preformed bleb system lined by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue. This technique provides the advantages of the previous two-stage technique without the need for a second operation. The surgical technique is described together with the results of treating a series of 20 eyes with severe @entity726 .

title: The vicryl tie technique for inserting a draining implant in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypotony']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bleb cavity']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['secondary glaucoma']


abstract: Studies were performed to determine the location, with respect to cell cycle phase, of the radiobiologically @entity519 cells in @entity242 . Cells dispersed from solid KHT @entity5 were separated into subpopulations at different stages of the cell cycle by centrifugal elutriation. Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of these subpopulations indicated that the degree of synchrony that could be achieved was greater than or equal to 95% for G1 cells, 70-75% for S cells and 70-75% for G2M cells. The approach to locate and characterize @entity519 cells was based on the premise that due to their lack of @entity26 such cells would preferentially survive radiation treatment. Consequently @entity242 were irradiated in situ either in dead animals or in animals breathing air. Following treatment, the @entity5 were dissociated, the cells elutriated into the various phases of the cell cycle and clonogenic cell survival was determined. Complete dose-response curves were determined for cells in the G1, S and G2M cell cycle phases. The various cell cycle subpopulations obtained from @entity5 irradiated while @entity19 breathed air, all demonstrated survival curves with a break and final slope which paralleled that of the corresponding anoxic cell survival curve. From these curves the proportion of @entity5 cells in the G1 phase was calculated to be 10.1 +/- 1.7%. Because the elutriated S and G2M enriched cell fractions were to some extent contaminated by cells from other phases of the cell cycle, the percentage of @entity519 S and G2M @entity5 cells was estimated to range from 0-7% and 0-5% respectively. However, since G1 cells comprised the majority of all the neoplastic cells in these @entity5 , the data suggest that @entity519 cells in @entity242 are found primarily in this cell cycle stage.

title: Characterization of radiation resistant XXXX cell subpopulations in @entity242 . (I). Centrifugal elutriation.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['KHT sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: Studies were performed to determine the location, with respect to cell cycle phase, of the radiobiologically @entity519 cells in @entity242 . Cells dispersed from solid KHT @entity5 were separated into subpopulations at different stages of the cell cycle by centrifugal elutriation. Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of these subpopulations indicated that the degree of synchrony that could be achieved was greater than or equal to 95% for G1 cells, 70-75% for S cells and 70-75% for G2M cells. The approach to locate and characterize @entity519 cells was based on the premise that due to their lack of @entity26 such cells would preferentially survive radiation treatment. Consequently @entity242 were irradiated in situ either in dead animals or in animals breathing air. Following treatment, the @entity5 were dissociated, the cells elutriated into the various phases of the cell cycle and clonogenic cell survival was determined. Complete dose-response curves were determined for cells in the G1, S and G2M cell cycle phases. The various cell cycle subpopulations obtained from @entity5 irradiated while @entity19 breathed air, all demonstrated survival curves with a break and final slope which paralleled that of the corresponding anoxic cell survival curve. From these curves the proportion of @entity5 cells in the G1 phase was calculated to be 10.1 +/- 1.7%. Because the elutriated S and G2M enriched cell fractions were to some extent contaminated by cells from other phases of the cell cycle, the percentage of @entity519 S and G2M @entity5 cells was estimated to range from 0-7% and 0-5% respectively. However, since G1 cells comprised the majority of all the neoplastic cells in these @entity5 , the data suggest that @entity519 cells in @entity242 are found primarily in this cell cycle stage.

title: Characterization of radiation resistant @entity519 cell subpopulations in XXXX . (I). Centrifugal elutriation.

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['KHT sarcomas']


abstract: High-resolution CT (HRCT) has the ability to demonstrate both asbestos-related @entity456 and @entity66 consistent with @entity1355 . The role of CT in the diagnosis of @entity1355 can be defined by comparing it with radiography. We evaluated 60 @entity1 who had a history of occupational exposure to asbestos and whose outside chest radiographs were considered abnormal. Chest radiographs (inside films) and HRCT were performed in all @entity1 at our institution and were interpreted independently by experienced radiologists. Outside film results were compiled from the submitted reports. The final conclusion regarding the interpretation of the radiologic examinations was determined by consensus when disagreements existed. Positive predictive values (the likelihood that a positive report is correct) for @entity456 were: outside films 56%, inside films 79%, HRCT 100%. The positive predictive values for parenchymal disease were: outside films 51%, inside films 83%, HRCT 100%. The addition of HRCT to chest radiography is most useful in eliminating false-positive diagnoses of asbestos-related @entity456 caused by subpleural fat and false-positive diagnoses of parenchymal @entity1355 in @entity1 with extensive plaques or @entity2415 obscuring lung detail. The interpretation of chest radiographs in @entity1 exposed to asbestos is often extremely difficult and subjective, and we recommend that positive findings (except calcified plaques) be confirmed with HRCT.

title: Asbestos-related @entity456 and XXXX : a comparison of CT and chest radiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestosis']


abstract: High-resolution CT (HRCT) has the ability to demonstrate both asbestos-related @entity456 and @entity66 consistent with @entity1355 . The role of CT in the diagnosis of @entity1355 can be defined by comparing it with radiography. We evaluated 60 @entity1 who had a history of occupational exposure to asbestos and whose outside chest radiographs were considered abnormal. Chest radiographs (inside films) and HRCT were performed in all @entity1 at our institution and were interpreted independently by experienced radiologists. Outside film results were compiled from the submitted reports. The final conclusion regarding the interpretation of the radiologic examinations was determined by consensus when disagreements existed. Positive predictive values (the likelihood that a positive report is correct) for @entity456 were: outside films 56%, inside films 79%, HRCT 100%. The positive predictive values for parenchymal disease were: outside films 51%, inside films 83%, HRCT 100%. The addition of HRCT to chest radiography is most useful in eliminating false-positive diagnoses of asbestos-related @entity456 caused by subpleural fat and false-positive diagnoses of parenchymal @entity1355 in @entity1 with extensive plaques or @entity2415 obscuring lung detail. The interpretation of chest radiographs in @entity1 exposed to asbestos is often extremely difficult and subjective, and we recommend that positive findings (except calcified plaques) be confirmed with HRCT.

title: Asbestos-related XXXX and @entity1355 : a comparison of CT and chest radiography.

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural disease']


abstract: @entity455 is an increasingly recognized cause of gastrointestinal tract @entity548 in the elderly. Colonoscopy is assuming an important role in diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. The records of 30 @entity1 who had a diagnosis of @entity455 made by colonoscopy have been retrospectively reviewed. The 30 @entity1 included 14 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 whose median age was 70 years (range, 54 to 89 years). All @entity1 had @entity455 of the cecum or ascending colon or both, five @entity1 (16.7%) had @entity75 , and 18 @entity1 (60%) had associated cardiac, vascular, pulmonary, or @entity8 . Of the 27 @entity1 who presented with gastrointestinal tract @entity548 , 13 (48.1%) underwent endoscopic fulguration, nine (33.3%) underwent resection, and seven (25.9%) were treated conservatively. Endoscopic fulguration was definitive treatment in 11 of the 27 @entity1 (40.7%). A positive histologic diagnosis of @entity455 was made in nine of 15 @entity1 (60%) in whom endoscopic biopsy was performed. In the hands of an experienced endoscopist, colonoscopy is a safe and effective way of diagnosing @entity455 and is potentially therapeutic. @entity3459 should be attempted before operation in @entity1 with @entity417 , limited @entity548 , or concomitant severe medical disease.

title: XXXX . Diagnosis and treatment by colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular ectasia', 'vascular ectasia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic coagulation']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular ectasia']


abstract: We have determined the structure and complete @entity377 sequence of the trifunctional trpC gene from the Ascomycetous fungus @entity14940 . Results from RNA gel blot analyses showed that this gene encodes two size classes of polyribosomal, poly (A)+RNAs with approximate lengths of 2,400 and 2,600 @entity2036 . S1 nuclease protection studies demonstrated that the distribution into the two size classes is due to selection of alternative sites for polyadenylation. The transcription units contain a single open translation reading frame of 2,304 @entity2036 . The sequence of this reading frame is approximately 40% divergent from the sequence of the functionally analogous trp-1 gene from @entity1980 (Schechtman, M.G. and Yanofsky, C., J. Mol. Appl. Gen. 2:83-99). The predicted amino acid sequence of the A. nidulans trpC polypeptide is also 40% divergent from the predicted @entity535 sequence of the @entity1980 trp-1 polypeptide. The A. nidulans gene has considerably less bias in codon selection than observed for the @entity1980 gene. Discrete regions of DNA homology were also found in similar positions in the 5' and 3' flanking sequences of the Aspergillus and @entity1980 genes. Similar regions of homology were not observed in other Aspergillus or @entity1980 genes that have been sequenced. Thus, if these evolutionarily conserved sequences act as signals for transcription initiation or polyadenylation, or are involved in gene regulation, their functions are restricted to a subset of protein coding genes in these two closely related fungi.

title: Primary structure of the trpC gene from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora', 'Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: Of all @entity1 with acute evolving @entity583 treated surgically at Duke University Medical Center between 1984 and 1986, 27 @entity1 given high doses (greater than 1.5 million units) of streptokinase preoperatively were studied. Eleven @entity1 who received streptokinase had coronary bypass grafting 12 hours after thrombolytic therapy (early hours), eight @entity1 between 12 and 72 hours (delayed), and eight @entity1 beyond 72 hours (late hours). Seventeen @entity1 who underwent coronary bypass grafting within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms, without preoperative streptokinase, were included as control @entity1 . Only the @entity1 having early operation had significantly greater postoperative @entity190 ; postoperative use of red blood cells; fresh-frozen plasma; cryoprecipitate; prolonged postoperative prothrombin time; and prolonged partial thromboplastin time. @entity1 having delayed or late operations did not differ significantly from @entity1 not receiving streptokinase. Only the interval between time of streptokinase administration and operation could account for the @entity1003 and the @entity260 in the early group. @entity1 in the early group had a higher in-hospital mortality (27% versus 6% for the non-streptokinase group) and major noncardiac morbidity (36% versus 12% for the non-streptokinase group). @entity1 in the delayed and late groups had minimal @entity260 and no mortality. Observations were not explained by differences in total ischemic time, number of @entity177 , or number of @entity1 with @entity1455 between the early group and the non-streptokinase group. @entity86 and massive use of blood products seemed to be contributory factors: Two of three @entity204 in the @entity1 having early operations were associated with clinical suspicion of tamponade. @entity1 undergoing coronary bypass grafting within 12 hours of streptokinase therapy appear to be a high-risk group in a more emergent, uncontrolled clinical setting and require aggressive monitoring and correction of @entity1003 .

title: Immediate versus delayed coronary grafting after streptokinase treatment. XXXX and clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['angioplasty failures']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative blood loss']


abstract: In order to investigate the role of mononuclear cells in infiltrates during the initial stages of @entity731 , the authors have studied by immunohistochemical methods the aortas and coronary vessels of @entity1 and young adults (ages 15-34) dying of acute @entity130 . Eccentric intimal thickening often accompanied by intimal mononuclear cell infiltration was commonly observed in sections of the lower thoracic aorta. These changes were usually related to intercostal branching sites and thus greater in the dorsal (posterior) than on the ventral aspect of the aorta in 64 of 75 cases examined. In some of these samples the authors were able to demonstrate the presence of T lymphocytes and monocyte-macrophages (mono/macs) by the use of the monoclonal antibodies T11 and Leu-M5, respectively. Many of the T lymphocytes were T8-positive and thus of the cytotoxic/suppressor subtype. T4-positive cells of the inducer/helper subtype were seen occasionally. T cells of both T4 and T8 subsets and mono/macs were also demonstrated in areas of eccentric intimal thickening in coronary arteries and in raised coronary lesions. In both the aortas and the coronary lesions the T cells and mono/macs were often closely associated with one another. This finding is of interest in view of the well-known cell-regulatory and cytotoxic potential of these cells. Extrapolating from findings in non- @entity1 primates, the authors suggest a potential role for mononuclear cells in @entity1 @entity731 .

title: T lymphocytes in aortic and coronary intimas. Their potential role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherogenesis']


abstract: @entity2313 is a much abused and expensive drug in intensive care units. One of the motivations for its use is the prevention of @entity3126 by enhancing the @entity551 ( @entity551 ). Fear of @entity3126 has led to the formation of a magic (arbitrary) @entity2313 value varying from one intensive care unit to another. Many intensive care units start substituting @entity2313 when it is below 25 g/l. The objective of this paper is to look at the rationale of this policy. Our results show that in intensive care @entity1 , with a variety of primary diagnoses, a poor correlation exists between @entity551 and serum @entity2313 concentration (r = 0.56; p less than 0.001). To get an index of the colloid osmotic status of the I. C.- @entity1 measuring @entity2313 concentration is useless and @entity551 should be measured instead. From 19 @entity1 with a @entity551 in the 15.0-20.0 mmHg range (corresponding @entity2313 range: 12.0-25.0 g/l) and from 10 @entity1 with a @entity551 in the 11.6-15.0 mmHg range (corresponding @entity2313 range 10.5-19.2 g/l) none developed @entity3126 . It is questionable if expensive, scarce @entity2313 is the drug of choice with which to increase @entity551 , for the mean increase (+/- SD) in @entity551 after infusion of 100 grams @entity2313 is 2.2 (+/- 1.5) mmHg (p less than 0.001). Adopting a @entity551 action level of 15 mmHg can lead to considerable savings.

title: XXXX abuse in intensive care medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['colloid osmotic pressure', 'COP']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['Albumin']


abstract: One hundred and one @entity1 with @entity13832 cytopenia were reviewed for morphological classification (using bone marrow, BM, imprints for cytology and Jamshidi biopsies for BM cellularity) and clinical course. Final diagnoses were: moderate @entity2150 ( @entity11596 ), @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Ninety-two @entity1 received high dose @entity2609 (TE) as first treatment (starting dose = 7-10 mg/week i.m. for at least three months). Median survival was significantly longer in @entity11596 than in @entity2590 and in @entity3052 . Among @entity2590 @entity1 , those with primary acquired sideroblastic (AISA) and @entity13832 ( @entity13832 ) @entity417 had median survival similar to those with @entity11596 , but distinctly longer (p = 0.01) than @entity1 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), @entity6130 (CMMoL). @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) developed more rarely (p less than 0.02) in @entity11596 , AISA and @entity13832 than in @entity7139 , RAEBtr and CMMoL. Response to TE was seen in about two thirds of @entity11596 and in a half of @entity2590 and @entity3052 @entity1 . Among @entity2590 @entity1 , those with hypocellular BM developed @entity1778 less frequently, responded to @entity3800 more often and survived longer than those with normocellular and, especially, with hypercellular BM. These data indicate that the cytohistological classification of @entity1503 identifies essentially two groups with different clinical behaviour, one ( @entity11596 , AISA and @entity13832 ) having long life expectancy and a low probability of developing @entity3052 and the other ( @entity7139 , RAEBtr, CMMoL) with a short survival and relatively frequent @entity1778 . Bone @entity236 seems to be a favourable prognostic factor in @entity2590 . @entity1 with @entity1503 , especially those with a hypocellular BM, can be advantageously treated with @entity3800 .

title: XXXX : clinical course according to bone marrow cytology and cellularity.

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['RAEB', 'RA with an excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['RAEB in transformation (RAEBtr) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute leukemia', 'hypoplastic acute leukemia', 'AL', 'HAL']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic complication', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow hypocellularity']

entities_list: @entity2609 :: ('MESH:C004648', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone enanthate']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Refractory cytopenias']


abstract: Although visually evoked Mauthner cell (M-cell) @entity427 responses occur in the @entity2083 , the afferent projections underlying these reactions have not been previously studied. We have recorded from the M-cell while stimulating the left optic nerve and/or right optic tectum and have traced projections of the optic nerve and restricted areas of the optic tectum using HRP histochemistry and autoradiography. Tectal stimulation elicits similar postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in both M-cells. The responses recorded in the right (ipsilateral) cell were localized to its ventral dendrite. The existence of uncrossed tectal projections to the ventral dendrite was confirmed morphologically following application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the optic tectum. The PSPs contained both inhibitory and excitatory components, but with adequate stimulus strength, excitation of either M-cell dominated. Thus, this pathway is probably sufficient to trigger visually evoked @entity427 responses mediated by the M-cell. Stimulation of the left optic nerve also evoked PSPs capable of bringing both M-cells to threshold. The blockage of this response by conditioning stimulation of the right tectum suggests that the visual information is relayed to the M-cells through this structure. In support of these findings, no label was found near any portion of the M-cell after either intraocular injection of tritiated @entity1521 or application of HRP to the cut end of the optic nerve. In summary, visual input to the M-cell is mediated via projections from the tectum, is segregated onto the ventral dendrite, and is capable of bringing this neuron to threshold. This pathway presumably accounts for the demonstrated behavioral efficacy of visual stimuli in evoking a @entity427 response.

title: Localization of optic tectal input to the ventral dendrite of the XXXX Mauthner cell.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: 1. The question of whether there is any interaction between the peripheral and central chemoreceptor contributions to ventilation in @entity1 has been addressed. 2. Subjects were exposed to an end-tidal PCO2 of ca. 10 Torr above resting for 8 min at an end-tidal @entity4095 of 100 Torr. The end-tidal PCO2 was then reduced to near eucapnia. This provided a period of time when the PCO2 at the peripheral chemoreceptors would be near eucapnia, but would still be raised at the central chemoreceptors. 3. Against the background above, the effect of an @entity519 end-tidal step from a @entity4095 of 100 Torr to a @entity4095 of 50 Torr was studied, and compared with the effect of the same step when both sets of chemoreceptors were near eucapnia. 4. Three subjects were studied, each contributing twelve sets of data to each of the three protocols required for the comparisons. 5. In two of the three subjects, the ventilatory response to @entity519 was @entity6220 was high. 6. The results support the idea that there is an interaction between the central and peripheral chemoreceptors in @entity1 . The consequences of this and other possible interpretations of the results are discussed.

title: Evidence for interaction between the contributions to ventilation from the central and peripheral chemoreceptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['augmented when central PCO2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: In order to evaluate the long-term-safety of UFT which contained tegafur [ @entity16229 , @entity16229 ] and @entity5537 in molar ratio of 1:4, a nine-month chronic @entity137 study was performed in @entity235 . In doses of 9.7 (as @entity16229 : 3 mg/kg), 16.2 (as @entity16229 : 5 mg/kg) and 24.3 (as @entity16229 :7.5 mg/kg) mg/kg, UFT was administered orally in both sexes of @entity235 once a day for 9 months and withdrawn for 1 month. Three control drugs, @entity16229 , @entity5537 and @entity1487 , were also included in present experiment at doses of 7.5, 420.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. In this study, the two types of @entity146 and symptoms were observed in UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . The first type was the acute and/or dynamic signs and the other type was the chronic and/or static signs. Slight decrease in food consumption was observed in males at the dose levels of 24.3 mg/kg of UFT group and in both sexes of @entity1487 group. In the ECG test, high T-wave was observed in some males treated with UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . Histopathologically, micro-vacuolizations were observed in various portions of the cerebrum in both survived and dead animals treated with UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . After one month recovery period, significant changes were not observed in various examinations, but morphological changes in the cerebrum had been remained. In conclusion, it seemed that the maximum safety dose of UFT in @entity235 were the 9.7 mg/kg for males and less than 9.7 mg/kg for females.

title: A nine-month chronic @entity137 study of tegafur- XXXX mixture (UFT) in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['toxic behaviors']

entities_list: @entity16229 :: ('MESH:D005641', 'Chemical') :: ['FT-207', '1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5537 :: (MESH:D014498,Chemical) :: ['uracil']


abstract: In order to evaluate the long-term-safety of UFT which contained tegafur [ @entity16229 , @entity16229 ] and @entity5537 in molar ratio of 1:4, a nine-month chronic @entity137 study was performed in @entity235 . In doses of 9.7 (as @entity16229 : 3 mg/kg), 16.2 (as @entity16229 : 5 mg/kg) and 24.3 (as @entity16229 :7.5 mg/kg) mg/kg, UFT was administered orally in both sexes of @entity235 once a day for 9 months and withdrawn for 1 month. Three control drugs, @entity16229 , @entity5537 and @entity1487 , were also included in present experiment at doses of 7.5, 420.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. In this study, the two types of @entity146 and symptoms were observed in UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . The first type was the acute and/or dynamic signs and the other type was the chronic and/or static signs. Slight decrease in food consumption was observed in males at the dose levels of 24.3 mg/kg of UFT group and in both sexes of @entity1487 group. In the ECG test, high T-wave was observed in some males treated with UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . Histopathologically, micro-vacuolizations were observed in various portions of the cerebrum in both survived and dead animals treated with UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . After one month recovery period, significant changes were not observed in various examinations, but morphological changes in the cerebrum had been remained. In conclusion, it seemed that the maximum safety dose of UFT in @entity235 were the 9.7 mg/kg for males and less than 9.7 mg/kg for females.

title: A nine-month chronic XXXX study of tegafur- @entity5537 mixture (UFT) in @entity235 .

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: In order to evaluate the long-term-safety of UFT which contained tegafur [ @entity16229 , @entity16229 ] and @entity5537 in molar ratio of 1:4, a nine-month chronic @entity137 study was performed in @entity235 . In doses of 9.7 (as @entity16229 : 3 mg/kg), 16.2 (as @entity16229 : 5 mg/kg) and 24.3 (as @entity16229 :7.5 mg/kg) mg/kg, UFT was administered orally in both sexes of @entity235 once a day for 9 months and withdrawn for 1 month. Three control drugs, @entity16229 , @entity5537 and @entity1487 , were also included in present experiment at doses of 7.5, 420.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. In this study, the two types of @entity146 and symptoms were observed in UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . The first type was the acute and/or dynamic signs and the other type was the chronic and/or static signs. Slight decrease in food consumption was observed in males at the dose levels of 24.3 mg/kg of UFT group and in both sexes of @entity1487 group. In the ECG test, high T-wave was observed in some males treated with UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . Histopathologically, micro-vacuolizations were observed in various portions of the cerebrum in both survived and dead animals treated with UFT, @entity16229 and @entity1487 . After one month recovery period, significant changes were not observed in various examinations, but morphological changes in the cerebrum had been remained. In conclusion, it seemed that the maximum safety dose of UFT in @entity235 were the 9.7 mg/kg for males and less than 9.7 mg/kg for females.

title: A nine-month chronic @entity137 study of tegafur- @entity5537 mixture (UFT) in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The systemic form of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), also known as @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ) was initially detected in the early 1990s. Starting in 2004, the Canadian @entity1707 industry experienced considerable losses due to PCVAD, concurrent with a shift in genotype of @entity18723 ( @entity18723 ). Objectives of the current study were to explore spatial characteristics of self-reported PCVAD distribution in Ontario between 2004 and 2008, and to investigate the existence and nature of local spread. RESULTS: The study included 278 @entity1707 herds from a large disease-monitoring project that included @entity23006 ( @entity23006 ) virus-positive herds identified by the diagnostic laboratory, and @entity23006 virus-negative herds directly from the target population. Herds were included if they had growing @entity1707 present on-site and available geographical coordinates for the sampling site. Furthermore, herds were defined as PCVAD-positive if a producer reported an outbreak of circovirus associated disease, or as PCVAD-negative if no outbreak was noted. Spatial trend was investigated using generalized additive models and time to PCVAD outbreak in a herd using Cox's proportional hazard model; spatial and spatio-temporal clustering was explored using K-functions; and location of most likely spatial and spatio-temporal clusters was investigated using scan statistics. Over the study period, the risk of reporting a PCVAD-positive herd tended to be higher in the eastern part of the province after adjustment for herd @entity23006 status (P = 0.05). This was partly confirmed for spread (Partial P < 0.01). Local spread also appeared to exist, as suggested by the tentative (P = 0.06) existence of spatio-temporal clustering of PCVAD and detection of a spatio-temporal cluster (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In Ontario, PCVAD has shown a general trend, spreading from east-to-west. We interpret the existence of spatio-temporal clustering as evidence of spatio-temporal aggregation of PCVAD-positive cases above expectations and, together with the existence of spatio-temporal and spatial clusters, as suggestive of apparent local spread of PCVAD. Clustering was detected at small spatial and temporal scales. Other patterns of spread could not be detected; however, survival rates in discrete Ontario zones, as well as a lack of a clear spatial pattern in the most likely spatio-temporal clusters, suggest other between-herd transmission mechanisms.

title: Spread of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in Ontario (Canada) XXXX herds: Part I. Exploratory spatial analysis.

entities_list: @entity18723 :: ('85708', 'Species') :: ['PCV2', 'porcine circovirus type 2']

entities_list: @entity22131 :: ('MESH:D053570', 'Disease') :: ['PMWS', 'postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity23006 :: ('MESH:D019318', 'Disease') :: ['porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome', 'PRRS']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: For the direct laryngoscopy and microscopic examination of the larynx with exploratory excision and pulpectomy using low frequency jet-ventilation with 100% @entity26 we used total intravenous anaesthesia with a strong acting opioid and a barbiturate. Because the achievement of sufficient reflexes and a high degree of vigilance postoperatively are to be aimed, @entity3694 (M) and @entity4490 (T) were investigated in the regard of the suppression of vigilance in the postoperative period. 40 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the group M (n = 20) or T (n = 20). The evening before operation, an intelligence test and a syndrome-short-test (SST) were performed for the measurement of attention and memory (functional @entity716 ). The @entity1 received 2 mg Flunitrazepam orally and transdermal @entity5591 . On the day of operation the @entity1 received 1 mg Lormetazepam orally for premedication. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg @entity8651 , 1 mg @entity680 , 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight M respectively 5 mg/kg bodyweight T and 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight @entity2900 . Immediately before laryngoscopy the @entity1 received 2-4 mg @entity680 . Muscle relaxation was achieved by an infusion with @entity2900 using relaxometry. @entity3694 respectively @entity4490 were administered by infusion depending on clinical signs indicating insufficient anaesthesia. The following parameters were measured: Blood pressure, heart rate, duration of operation and anaesthesia, parameters of vigilance 30, 60 and 120 minutes after operation (SST) and the ability of performance. The groups were comparable with respect to all data except the parameters of vigilance. The @entity1 receiving M were significantly more vigilant 30 min., 60 min. (SST) and 120 min (SST) after the end of anaesthesia than @entity1 receiving T (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Methohexital/ XXXX -thiopental/ @entity680 for total intravenous anesthesia for direct laryngoscopy with 100% O2 jet ventilation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8651 :: ('MESH:D000443', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcuronium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['Alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3694 :: ('MESH:D008723', 'Chemical') :: ['Methohexitone']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: For the direct laryngoscopy and microscopic examination of the larynx with exploratory excision and pulpectomy using low frequency jet-ventilation with 100% @entity26 we used total intravenous anaesthesia with a strong acting opioid and a barbiturate. Because the achievement of sufficient reflexes and a high degree of vigilance postoperatively are to be aimed, @entity3694 (M) and @entity4490 (T) were investigated in the regard of the suppression of vigilance in the postoperative period. 40 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the group M (n = 20) or T (n = 20). The evening before operation, an intelligence test and a syndrome-short-test (SST) were performed for the measurement of attention and memory (functional @entity716 ). The @entity1 received 2 mg Flunitrazepam orally and transdermal @entity5591 . On the day of operation the @entity1 received 1 mg Lormetazepam orally for premedication. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg @entity8651 , 1 mg @entity680 , 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight M respectively 5 mg/kg bodyweight T and 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight @entity2900 . Immediately before laryngoscopy the @entity1 received 2-4 mg @entity680 . Muscle relaxation was achieved by an infusion with @entity2900 using relaxometry. @entity3694 respectively @entity4490 were administered by infusion depending on clinical signs indicating insufficient anaesthesia. The following parameters were measured: Blood pressure, heart rate, duration of operation and anaesthesia, parameters of vigilance 30, 60 and 120 minutes after operation (SST) and the ability of performance. The groups were comparable with respect to all data except the parameters of vigilance. The @entity1 receiving M were significantly more vigilant 30 min., 60 min. (SST) and 120 min (SST) after the end of anaesthesia than @entity1 receiving T (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Methohexital/ @entity680 -thiopental/ XXXX for total intravenous anesthesia for direct laryngoscopy with 100% O2 jet ventilation].

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether treatment of @entity2520 with scaling and root planing during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in the @entity600 rate. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Central Trials Registry, ISI Web of Science, Medline, and reference lists of relevant studies to July 2010; hand searches in key journals. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials including pregnant @entity1 with @entity2520 randomised to either treatment with scaling and root planing or no treatment. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted by two independent investigators, and a consensus was reached with the involvement a third. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane's risk of bias tool, and trials were considered either high or low quality. The primary outcome was @entity600 (<37 weeks). Secondary outcomes were low birthweight @entity1 (<2500 g), @entity2208 , and overall adverse pregnancy outcome ( @entity600 <37 weeks and @entity2208 ). RESULTS: 11 trials (with 6558 @entity1 ) were included. Five trials were considered to be of high methodological quality (low risk of bias), whereas the rest were low quality (high or unclear risk of bias). Results among low and high quality trials were consistently diverse; low quality trials supported a beneficial effect of treatment, and high quality trials provided clear evidence that no such effect exists. Among high quality studies, treatment had no significant effect on the overall rate of @entity600 (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.40; P=0.15). Furthermore, treatment did not reduce the rate of low birthweight @entity1 (odds ratio 1.07, 0.85 to 1.36; P=0.55), @entity2208 (0.79, 0.51 to 1.22; P=0.28), or overall adverse pregnancy outcome (preterm births <37 weeks and @entity2208 ) (1.09, 0.91 to 1.30; P=0.34). CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity2520 with scaling and root planing cannot be considered to be an efficient way of reducing the incidence of @entity600 . @entity1 may be advised to have periodical dental examinations during pregnancy to test their dental status and may have treatment for @entity2520 . However, they should be told that such treatment during pregnancy is unlikely to reduce the risk of @entity600 or low birthweight @entity1 .

title: Obstetric outcomes after treatment of XXXX during pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions/stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['documented periodontal disease', 'periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) screened 283,222 U.S. @entity1 for @entity0 by use of mammography and breast palpation. A sample of @entity1 was followed up to determine the subsequent occurrence of @entity0 cases and @entity204 . We have used information from the BCDDP to evaluate the relation of mammographic parenchymal features to the incidence of and mortality from @entity0 , and to examine changes in this relation with duration of follow-up. We also reevaluated the relations of age, body weight, height, menopause, parity, and age at birth of first @entity1 to mammographic features of breast tissue. Among @entity1 35-49 years of age at entry, those whose mammographic features were "glandular" or "homogeneously dense" had a 2.8-fold increase in risk of @entity0 compared to @entity1 whose mammographic features were " @entity1560 ". The increased risk was observed up to 9 years after entry. Among @entity1 50-74 years of age at entry, the risk of @entity0 was elevated by a factor of 1.7 for @entity1 with glandular or dense breast parenchyma compared to those with @entity0 . The increase in risk, however, diminished with increasing follow-up. The percentage of @entity1 with glandular or dense parenchymal features decreased as age, body weight, and parity increased. The percentage with glandular or dense features increased as height increased, and the percentage decreased with menopause. Mammographic parenchymal features were not associated with age at birth of first @entity1 .

title: Mammographic parenchymal features and @entity0 in the XXXX detection demonstration project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic or fatty breasts', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic or fatty']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) screened 283,222 U.S. @entity1 for @entity0 by use of mammography and breast palpation. A sample of @entity1 was followed up to determine the subsequent occurrence of @entity0 cases and @entity204 . We have used information from the BCDDP to evaluate the relation of mammographic parenchymal features to the incidence of and mortality from @entity0 , and to examine changes in this relation with duration of follow-up. We also reevaluated the relations of age, body weight, height, menopause, parity, and age at birth of first @entity1 to mammographic features of breast tissue. Among @entity1 35-49 years of age at entry, those whose mammographic features were "glandular" or "homogeneously dense" had a 2.8-fold increase in risk of @entity0 compared to @entity1 whose mammographic features were " @entity1560 ". The increased risk was observed up to 9 years after entry. Among @entity1 50-74 years of age at entry, the risk of @entity0 was elevated by a factor of 1.7 for @entity1 with glandular or dense breast parenchyma compared to those with @entity0 . The increase in risk, however, diminished with increasing follow-up. The percentage of @entity1 with glandular or dense parenchymal features decreased as age, body weight, and parity increased. The percentage with glandular or dense features increased as height increased, and the percentage decreased with menopause. Mammographic parenchymal features were not associated with age at birth of first @entity1 .

title: Mammographic parenchymal features and XXXX in the @entity0 detection demonstration project.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The @entity377 sequence of a 2065 base pair HindIII fragment, containing a gene (lambda hor1-14) belonging to the Hor1 locus in @entity2247 , has been determined. The fragment consists of 1044 bp of coding region interrupted by an amber codon at base 481, a 5' non-coding region of 428 bp and a 3' non-coding region with 593 bp. The deduced @entity535 sequence of the mature protein (327 @entity1522 ) is characterized by an octapeptide motif PQQPFPQQ which is repeated throughout the peptide chain between a unique 12 @entity535 long @entity2733 -terminal and an equally unique 10 @entity535 long @entity1473 -terminal end. The @entity1521 + @entity1160 content is 62% and the next three most abundant @entity1522 are @entity368 (9%), @entity815 (8%) and @entity6778 (3%). In the 5' non-coding region there is a TATA box at -98 bp from the start @entity1853 . The 3' non-coding region has a polyadenylation signal 76 bp downstream from the TAA stop codon. The deduced @entity535 sequences of the @entity2733 - and @entity1473 -terminals of lambda hor1-14 are very similar but not identical to those known from the Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase Y analysis of C-hordein polypeptides. The 3' coding and non-coding region of lambda hor1-14 is closely similar but different in detail to the known C-hordein cDNA clones. One polyadenylation signal is found in lambda hor1-14 whereas two are present in each of the three known C-hordein cDNAs. These differences and the amber codon interrupting the open reading frame indicate that this gene is silent.

title: Primary structure of a C-hordein gene from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is an important mosquito defense mechanism against @entity34183 . In this paper we study the processes underlying antiviral RNAi in @entity197 -derived U4.4 mosquito cells infected with @entity3597 ( @entity3598 ) (Togaviridae; Alphavirus). The production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (viRNAs) from viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a key event in this host response. dsRNA could be formed by RNA replication intermediates, by secondary structures in RNA genomes or antigenomes, or by both. Which of these dsRNAs is the substrate for the generation of viRNAs is a fundamental question. Here we used deep sequencing of viRNAs and bioinformatic analysis of RNA secondary structures to gain insights into the characteristics and origins of viRNAs. An asymmetric distribution of @entity3598 -derived viRNAs with notable areas of high-level viRNA production (hot spots) and no or a low frequency of viRNA production (cold spots) along the length of the viral genome with a slight bias toward the production of genome-derived viRNAs over antigenome-derived viRNAs was observed. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that hot spots of viRNA production are rarely but not generally associated with putative secondary structures in the @entity3598 genome, suggesting that most viRNAs are derived from replicative dsRNA. A pattern of viRNAs almost identical to those of A. albopictus cells was observed for @entity4224 -derived Aag2 cells, suggesting common mechanisms that lead to viRNA production. Hot-spot viRNAs were found to be significantly less efficient at mediating antiviral RNAi than cold-spot viRNAs, pointing toward a nucleic acid-based viral decoy mechanism to evade the RNAi response.

title: Antiviral RNA interference responses induced by XXXX infection of mosquito cells: characterization, origin, and frequency-dependent functions of virus-derived small interfering RNAs.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

entities_list: @entity3597 :: ('11033', 'Species') :: ['Semliki Forest virus']

entities_list: @entity34183 :: ('MESH:D001102', 'Disease') :: ['arbovirus infection']

answer: @entity3597 :: (11033,Species) :: ['Semliki Forest virus']