abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity11450 with @entity4546 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity1534 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity1534 positive @entity1 with non-ulcer @entity2210 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (OCA); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (OCM); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity1 were assessed for prevalence of @entity1534 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity344 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity115 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity1 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity4581 , in 33% for @entity868 , and in 0% for @entity115 . Eradication of @entity4581 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity4581 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity868 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11450 in combination with @entity4581 and either @entity868 or @entity115 produced higher eradication rates than @entity4546 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity4581 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity868 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 - vs. @entity4546 -based one-week triple therapies in XXXX eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['H. pylori']


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity11450 with @entity4546 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity1534 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity1534 positive @entity1 with non-ulcer @entity2210 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (OCA); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (OCM); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity1 were assessed for prevalence of @entity1534 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity344 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity115 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity1 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity4581 , in 33% for @entity868 , and in 0% for @entity115 . Eradication of @entity4581 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity4581 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity868 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11450 in combination with @entity4581 and either @entity868 or @entity115 produced higher eradication rates than @entity4546 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity4581 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity868 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of @entity5616 bismuth XXXX - vs. @entity4546 -based one-week triple therapies in @entity1534 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity11450 :: ('MESH:C073340', 'Chemical') :: ['Ranitidine bismuth citrate', 'ranitidine bismuth citrate']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1792 :: (MESH:D019343,Chemical) :: ['citrate']


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity11450 with @entity4546 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity1534 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity1534 positive @entity1 with non-ulcer @entity2210 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (OCA); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (OCM); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity1 were assessed for prevalence of @entity1534 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity344 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity115 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity1 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity4581 , in 33% for @entity868 , and in 0% for @entity115 . Eradication of @entity4581 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity4581 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity868 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11450 in combination with @entity4581 and either @entity868 or @entity115 produced higher eradication rates than @entity4546 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity4581 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity868 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 - vs. XXXX -based one-week triple therapies in @entity1534 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: In an effort to determine a practical, efficient, and economical alternative for the use of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of @entity10105 ( @entity10105 ) in @entity1 urine, the performance of two photometric immunoassays (Dade Behring EMIT II and Microgenics CEDIA) and the Diagnostics Products Corp. (DPC) RIA were compared. Precision, accuracy, and linearity of the 3 assays were determined by testing 60 replicates (10 for RIA) at 5 different concentrations below and above the 500-pg/mL LSD cut-off. The CEDIA and RIA exhibited better accuracy and precision than the EMIT II immunoassay. In contrast, the EMIT II and CEDIA demonstrated superior linearity r2 = 0.9809 and 0.9540, respectively, as compared with the RIA (r2 = 0.9062). The specificity of the three assays was assessed using compounds that have structural and chemical properties similar to LSD, common over-the-counter products, prescription drugs and some of their metabolites, and other drugs of abuse. Of the 144 compounds studied, the EMIT II cross-reacted with twice as many compounds as did the CEDIA and RIA. Specificity was also assessed in 221 forensic @entity1 urine specimens that previously screened positive for LSD by the EMIT II assay. Of these, only 11 tested positive by CEDIA, and 3 were positive by RIA. This indicated a comparable specificity performance between CEDIA and RIA. This also was consistent with a previously reported high false-positive rate of EMIT II (low specificity). Each of the immunoassays correctly identified LSD in 23 out of 24 @entity1 urine specimens that had previously been found to contain LSD by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at a cut-off concentration of 200 pg/mL. The CEDIA exhibited superior precision, accuracy, and decreased cross-reactivity to compounds other than LSD as compared with the EMIT II assay and does not necessitate the handling of radioactive materials.

title: Comparison of EMIT II, CEDIA, and DPC RIA assays for the detection of XXXX in forensic urine samples.

entities_list: @entity10105 :: ('MESH:D008238', 'Chemical') :: ['LSD', 'lysergic acid diethylamide']

answer: @entity10105 :: (MESH:D008238,Chemical) :: ['lysergic acid diethylamide']


abstract: Oral melanin pigmentation is not uncommon in some races and ethnic groups. Repigmentation of depigmented oral mucosa has been described after chemical, thermal, surgical, pharmacologic or idiopathic factors. Information on the repigmentation of oral tissues after surgical procedures is extremely limited. The communication reports on @entity2522 over a 7 to 8 year period following removal of gingival tissues. Pigmented keratinized @entity1464 was removed in two Jewish Yemanite adult males, who had moderate or heavily pigmented @entity1464 . After surgery, the exposed lamina propria was covered by periodontal pack for 7 to 10 days. The tissues were then observed periodically for signs of repigmentation. Healing was uneventful and the surgically treated areas in both @entity1 remained depigmented over the first 2 years. After 32 months, some pigmentation was found in one of the @entity1 , and with the exception of two limited sites, the area was completely repigmented after 7 years. The surgically treated area in the second @entity1 remained depigmented over an 8-year follow-up period. These observations agree with previous reports that describe @entity2118 as spontaneous and suggest that further controlled experimental studies be undertaken to explore the biologic basis for repigmentation.

title: Repigmentation of the XXXX following surgical injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival repigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['gingival pigmentation']

answer: @entity1464 :: (MESH:D005889,Disease) :: ['gingiva']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 - @entity1598 ) were studied in six healthy male-castrate @entity7858 ( @entity7858 ) after intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) drug administration of 15 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 using a crossover design with a 2-week washout period. After 90 days one group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 30 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 and the other group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 60 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 . After i.v. administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity1597 - @entity1598 the mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 10.75 +/- 2.12 microg/mL for @entity206 ( @entity1597 ) and 158.3 +/- 189.3 microg/mL for @entity207 ( @entity1598 ). Elimination half-lives were 0.74 +/- 0.1 h for @entity1597 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The mean residence times were 1.45 +/- 0.72 h for @entity1597 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The areas under the respective concentration vs. time curves (AUC) were 2.49 +/- 1.62 microg h/mL for @entity1597 and 124 +/- 60 microg h/mL for @entity1598 . Total clearance (Clt) for @entity1597 was 21.63 +/- 9.85 and 1.90 +/- 0.77 mL/min kg for @entity1598 . The volume of distribution at steady state was 2.32 +/- 1.15 L/kg for @entity1597 and 0.35 +/- 0.09 L/kg for @entity1598 . After intragastric administration of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg the peak concentration (Cmax) of @entity1598 were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC was 9.1 +/- 5, 25.9 +/- 3.3 and 39.1 +/- 4.1 microg h/mL, respectively. Based upon these AUC values and correcting for dose, the respective bioavailabilities were 7.7, 10.5 and 7.94%. @entity206 was not detected in plasma after intragastric administration. These data demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of @entity1597 - @entity1598 are not achieved after p.o. administration to @entity7858 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of XXXX - @entity207 in @entity7858 .

entities_list: @entity7858 :: ('30538', 'Species') :: ['Lama pacos', 'alpacas']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim', 'trimethoprim']

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['trimethoprim']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 - @entity1598 ) were studied in six healthy male-castrate @entity7858 ( @entity7858 ) after intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) drug administration of 15 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 using a crossover design with a 2-week washout period. After 90 days one group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 30 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 and the other group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 60 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 . After i.v. administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity1597 - @entity1598 the mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 10.75 +/- 2.12 microg/mL for @entity206 ( @entity1597 ) and 158.3 +/- 189.3 microg/mL for @entity207 ( @entity1598 ). Elimination half-lives were 0.74 +/- 0.1 h for @entity1597 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The mean residence times were 1.45 +/- 0.72 h for @entity1597 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The areas under the respective concentration vs. time curves (AUC) were 2.49 +/- 1.62 microg h/mL for @entity1597 and 124 +/- 60 microg h/mL for @entity1598 . Total clearance (Clt) for @entity1597 was 21.63 +/- 9.85 and 1.90 +/- 0.77 mL/min kg for @entity1598 . The volume of distribution at steady state was 2.32 +/- 1.15 L/kg for @entity1597 and 0.35 +/- 0.09 L/kg for @entity1598 . After intragastric administration of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg the peak concentration (Cmax) of @entity1598 were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC was 9.1 +/- 5, 25.9 +/- 3.3 and 39.1 +/- 4.1 microg h/mL, respectively. Based upon these AUC values and correcting for dose, the respective bioavailabilities were 7.7, 10.5 and 7.94%. @entity206 was not detected in plasma after intragastric administration. These data demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of @entity1597 - @entity1598 are not achieved after p.o. administration to @entity7858 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity206 - XXXX in @entity7858 .

answer: @entity207 :: (MESH:D013420,Chemical) :: ['sulfamethoxazole']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 - @entity1598 ) were studied in six healthy male-castrate @entity7858 ( @entity7858 ) after intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) drug administration of 15 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 using a crossover design with a 2-week washout period. After 90 days one group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 30 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 and the other group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 60 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 . After i.v. administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity1597 - @entity1598 the mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 10.75 +/- 2.12 microg/mL for @entity206 ( @entity1597 ) and 158.3 +/- 189.3 microg/mL for @entity207 ( @entity1598 ). Elimination half-lives were 0.74 +/- 0.1 h for @entity1597 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The mean residence times were 1.45 +/- 0.72 h for @entity1597 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The areas under the respective concentration vs. time curves (AUC) were 2.49 +/- 1.62 microg h/mL for @entity1597 and 124 +/- 60 microg h/mL for @entity1598 . Total clearance (Clt) for @entity1597 was 21.63 +/- 9.85 and 1.90 +/- 0.77 mL/min kg for @entity1598 . The volume of distribution at steady state was 2.32 +/- 1.15 L/kg for @entity1597 and 0.35 +/- 0.09 L/kg for @entity1598 . After intragastric administration of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg the peak concentration (Cmax) of @entity1598 were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC was 9.1 +/- 5, 25.9 +/- 3.3 and 39.1 +/- 4.1 microg h/mL, respectively. Based upon these AUC values and correcting for dose, the respective bioavailabilities were 7.7, 10.5 and 7.94%. @entity206 was not detected in plasma after intragastric administration. These data demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of @entity1597 - @entity1598 are not achieved after p.o. administration to @entity7858 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity206 - @entity207 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7858 :: (30538,Species) :: ['alpacas']


abstract: Bulimia ( @entity6426 ) is a recently described but apparently common @entity1277 . @entity146 associated with @entity6426 can cause serious medical complications. Prevalence data on @entity146 are lacking for younger adolescents. A survey was conducted with 1,728 tenth-grade students to assess their attitudes about eating, dieting, weight control, and frequency of purging. Height, weight, and skin-fold thicknesses were also measured. Thirteen percent reported @entity146 . Female purgers outnumbered male purgers 2 to 1. Male purgers were significantly heavier than male nonpurgers and had significantly greater skin-fold thicknesses and weight/height2 ratios. Both male and female purgers felt guiltier after eating large amounts of food, counted calories more often, dieted more frequently, and exercised less than nonpurgers. Our findings suggest that an alarming number of young adolescents may employ unhealthy weight regulation strategies. Physicians who see adolescents should look for the presence of the attitudes and behaviors that characterize @entity6426 ; this will enhance the likelihood of detection of the disorder and prevention of its complications.

title: Self-induced vomiting and laxative and diuretic use among teenagers. Precursors of the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Purging behaviors', 'purging behavior', 'purging behaviors']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia', 'binge-purge syndrome']

answer: @entity6426 :: (MESH:D002032,Disease) :: ['binge-purge syndrome']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy in detecting @entity14 in a Chinese population. METHODS: Seventy-one consecutive Chinese @entity1 (38 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 ) referred for diagnostic colonoscopy were recruited. @entity1 received a routine bowel preparation in the morning followed by a helical abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with air insufflation of the colon. The CT images were then processed by using surface-rendered software and interpreted by a single radiologist who was blinded to the clinical information. Colonoscopy was performed in the same afternoon without knowledge of the radiology results. All @entity1127 and @entity5 were proven histologically. RESULTS: Five @entity14 were diagnosed and all were detected by virtual colonoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of virtual colonoscopy for the detection of @entity1 with @entity1127 of all sizes, and @entity1 with @entity1127 >/=10 mm were 59, 92, 88 and 100%, respectively. The procedure was well tolerated by all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study was carried out in a real clinical setting without a preselection of cases. Virtual colonoscopy was satisfactory for the detection of @entity1127 greater than 10 mm, and for the diagnosis of @entity5 , and it is also a promising imaging modality for @entity14 in a Chinese population.

title: Virtual colonoscopy for the detection of XXXX in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal neoplasm detection', 'colorectal polyps and cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps and cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary coronary angioplasty is at present accepted as the most effective reperfusion treatment strategy of the ST elevation acute @entity583 . The optimum approach appears to be combination of the interventional technique (mechanical reperfusion) with aggressive pharmacological treatment aimed at the platelets. Intravenous blockers of the glycoprotein receptors IIb/IIIa together with @entity117 have the additive antiaggregant effect and are used more frequently as adjunctive therapy by coronary interventions in @entity1 with @entity583 . AIM: The assessment of safety and effectiveness of the IIb/IIIa platelet blockers in @entity1 indicated to primary coronary angioplasty. METHODS: Since 1st January 2000 to 30th June 2001 the authors carried out the total of 912 coronary angioplasties in their cathlab, from which in 195 cases (21.4%) the primary angioplasty in @entity583 was conducted. IIb/IIIa blockers were administered in the total of 53 cases (5.1% from the whole amount of coronary angioplasties), in 30 cases (15.4% from the total of 195 @entity1 ) of the primary coronary angioplasties, unlike the elective procedures, where these agents were given only in 9 @entity1 (1.5% from the overall number of 621 coronary angioplasties) (p < 0.001). The authors in their work analyse the group of @entity1 treated with primary coronary angioplasty with adjuvant treatment of IIb/IIIa platelet blockers. RESULTS: In the stated period the IIb/IIIa platelet blockers were given to 30 @entity1 at the age of 60.3 +/- 11.3 on average (70% were @entity1 ). The most frequent risk factors were smoking, in 18 @entity1 (60%), and @entity101 , in 14 @entity1 (40%). At least one coronary stent was implanted in 20 @entity1 (66.7%). Abciximab was administered in 27 cases (90%) and eptifibatid in 5 cases (10%). Solely in 5 cases (16.7%) the agents were administered at least 10 minutes before the intervention and therefore preventively, and in 25 cases (83.3%) the administration was rescue. The reason for preventive administration was in 3 cases determination of the angiographically high-risk @entity453 and in 2 cases the @entity715 of another non-infarction related artery. The most frequent reason for the rescue use was in 6 cases (22.2%) slow-flow or no-reflow fenomena even after the mechanical obstacles and in 5 cases (18.5%) that were successfully treated with further dilatation, the acute in-stent @entity715 was observed. The @entity1188 was most often the left anterior descending coronary artery, namely in 16 cases (54%). CONCLUSION: IIb/IIIa platelet blockers in primary coronary angioplasty administered either preventively or as rescue therapy are highly effective, relatively safe and improve the effectiveness of mechanical reperfusion. The total in-hospital mortality of this group of @entity1 was 10%.

title: [Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet blockers in acute XXXX treated with primary coronary angioplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute ST elevation myocardial infarction', 'acute coronary syndromes and the acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: The clinical value of a @entity1338 suppression test was assessed in three different groups: I. 14 normotensive, healthy @entity1 : II. 34 @entity1 with "neurogenic" @entity101 : III. 10 @entity1 with @entity1911 confirmed at operation. After @entity1338 (300 mg by mouth) blood pressure (BP) and circulating plasma @entity2661 (CA) were reduced in groups I and II. The maximum fall in mean BP was 25/9 mmHg in group I and 43/24 mmHg in group II; the corresponding fall in @entity1 with @entity1911 was 19/0 mmHg. The mean concentrations of circulating @entity1063 (NA) were significantly reduced in groups I and II, maximum suppression occurring 2-3 h after giving @entity1338 . In group I the mean reductions in NA were from 1.3 (SEM 0.2) to 0.6 (0.06) nmol/l (p less than 0.01), and in group II from 2.6 (0.3) to 0.7 (0.05 nmol/l (p less than 0.2); plasma concentrations of A were very low (less than 0.01 nmol/l) in both groups, and remained unchanged throughout the test. In contrast, in the 10 @entity1 with @entity1911 the mean basal plasma CA concentrations exceeded our upper reference limit NA 7.7 (2.2 and A 4.0 (1.7 nmol/l), and remained high or even rose during the test. Four @entity1 in this group with only marginally elevated basal plasma CA showed the same pattern of response during @entity1338 administration. After successful removal of the @entity2922 -secreting @entity5 all @entity1 achieved a normal BP. The plasma CA was suppressed into the normal range when the @entity1338 test was repeated 1-2 weeks postoperatively. No serious adverse effects were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Value of the XXXX suppression test in the diagnosis of @entity1911 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: The clinical value of a @entity1338 suppression test was assessed in three different groups: I. 14 normotensive, healthy @entity1 : II. 34 @entity1 with "neurogenic" @entity101 : III. 10 @entity1 with @entity1911 confirmed at operation. After @entity1338 (300 mg by mouth) blood pressure (BP) and circulating plasma @entity2661 (CA) were reduced in groups I and II. The maximum fall in mean BP was 25/9 mmHg in group I and 43/24 mmHg in group II; the corresponding fall in @entity1 with @entity1911 was 19/0 mmHg. The mean concentrations of circulating @entity1063 (NA) were significantly reduced in groups I and II, maximum suppression occurring 2-3 h after giving @entity1338 . In group I the mean reductions in NA were from 1.3 (SEM 0.2) to 0.6 (0.06) nmol/l (p less than 0.01), and in group II from 2.6 (0.3) to 0.7 (0.05 nmol/l (p less than 0.2); plasma concentrations of A were very low (less than 0.01 nmol/l) in both groups, and remained unchanged throughout the test. In contrast, in the 10 @entity1 with @entity1911 the mean basal plasma CA concentrations exceeded our upper reference limit NA 7.7 (2.2 and A 4.0 (1.7 nmol/l), and remained high or even rose during the test. Four @entity1 in this group with only marginally elevated basal plasma CA showed the same pattern of response during @entity1338 administration. After successful removal of the @entity2922 -secreting @entity5 all @entity1 achieved a normal BP. The plasma CA was suppressed into the normal range when the @entity1338 test was repeated 1-2 weeks postoperatively. No serious adverse effects were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Value of the @entity1338 suppression test in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) in Stockholm County 1955-79 was investigated. There were 1274 cases. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity4272 , left-sided and total extent of disease remained constant over the study period. The incidence increased over the first 20 years followed by a plateau. The peak incidence in relation to age increased slightly but remained in the third and fourth decade through the study period. The incidence in @entity1 over 40 years of age increased markedly towards the end of the study. There were 109 deaths at follow-up (Dec. 1981) among those having the @entity31 diagnosis between 1955-1979. Twentysix out of 41 @entity1 who died due to @entity31 did so postoperatively. The mortality pattern among those 68 @entity1 who had causes of death unrelated to @entity31 was similar to the expected. There was a decrease in cumulative survival probability compared with the expected, in particular in those with @entity1960 . This was also seen when only deaths unrelated to @entity31 were included suggesting an increased sensitivity to the ordinary disease spectrum in @entity31 @entity1 . Between 1945-1979 there were 1339 @entity1 who had @entity31 diagnosed. Twentyfive of those had developed @entity694 (24 with @entity1960 ) at follow-up (Dec. 1981). Eighteen were dead at follow-up, the survival time being in direct relation to the Dukes' grading at @entity5 diagnosis irrespective of age. The cumulative @entity5 risk at 25 years duration ( @entity1960 @entity1 only) was 13% (SD 4%) compared to the expected 1,9%. In a selected group of 71 @entity1 followed for @entity5 surveillance during the period 1974-82 nine @entity1 developed at least low grade @entity1141 including one @entity189 . The @entity1141 or @entity5 leading to operation was found above the rectum in four of five operated @entity1 , all having @entity1960 with a duration ranging between 25-44 years.

title: XXXX in Stockholm County--a study of epidemiology, prognosis, mortality and @entity5 risk with special reference to a surveillance program.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' A carcinoma"]

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['total colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) in Stockholm County 1955-79 was investigated. There were 1274 cases. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity4272 , left-sided and total extent of disease remained constant over the study period. The incidence increased over the first 20 years followed by a plateau. The peak incidence in relation to age increased slightly but remained in the third and fourth decade through the study period. The incidence in @entity1 over 40 years of age increased markedly towards the end of the study. There were 109 deaths at follow-up (Dec. 1981) among those having the @entity31 diagnosis between 1955-1979. Twentysix out of 41 @entity1 who died due to @entity31 did so postoperatively. The mortality pattern among those 68 @entity1 who had causes of death unrelated to @entity31 was similar to the expected. There was a decrease in cumulative survival probability compared with the expected, in particular in those with @entity1960 . This was also seen when only deaths unrelated to @entity31 were included suggesting an increased sensitivity to the ordinary disease spectrum in @entity31 @entity1 . Between 1945-1979 there were 1339 @entity1 who had @entity31 diagnosed. Twentyfive of those had developed @entity694 (24 with @entity1960 ) at follow-up (Dec. 1981). Eighteen were dead at follow-up, the survival time being in direct relation to the Dukes' grading at @entity5 diagnosis irrespective of age. The cumulative @entity5 risk at 25 years duration ( @entity1960 @entity1 only) was 13% (SD 4%) compared to the expected 1,9%. In a selected group of 71 @entity1 followed for @entity5 surveillance during the period 1974-82 nine @entity1 developed at least low grade @entity1141 including one @entity189 . The @entity1141 or @entity5 leading to operation was found above the rectum in four of five operated @entity1 , all having @entity1960 with a duration ranging between 25-44 years.

title: @entity31 in Stockholm County--a study of epidemiology, prognosis, mortality and XXXX risk with special reference to a surveillance program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Data are presented which show that various @entity19 liver nodular lesions, such as hyperplastic nodules, hepatocellular @entity652 , and @entity157 , differ not only morphologically but also biologically regarding their behavior in the primary and secondary hosts. The hyperplastic nodules grew slowly by expansion without affecting the integrity of the lobular structure. The @entity8055 also grew slowly by expansion but eliminated the histoid liver structure. Neither lesions metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs. Upon isogeneic transplantation, the @entity652 required a long latent period before manifesting an expansive type of growth without invasion and @entity3 . The @entity157 grew fast, destroyed surrounding parenchyma, and those showing moderately to poorly differentiated cellular morphology metastasized to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. @entity157 grew fast, invaded locally, metastasized distantly, and killed the recipients within a few weeks. Thus hepatocellular @entity652 and @entity189 represent two distinct entities both morphologically and biologically. Thus the agents should be classified according to the type of nodular liver lesions they "induce" in the @entity19 liver. The least innocuous agents would be those resulting in the development of hyperplastic nodules. They should not be labelled as hepatocarcinogens. On the other side of the spectrum should be the agents "inducing" the @entity157 and they should be classified as @entity19 liver carcinogens. The agents capable of affecting significantly the hepatocellular @entity652 but not the @entity157 should be considered as tumorigens, since they are causally related only with the benign liver lesions. Combining both benign and malignant @entity96 for statistical purposes is not justified unless each type of @entity5 has been affected in a statistically significant incidence. If this were not the case, classification of the agent should be in accordance with the type of lesions induced significantly. In order to use the induction of @entity157 in rodents as an indication of carcinogenic risk in @entity1 appropriately, one has to verify within the limits of feasibility that the identical carcinogenic effects and the subsequent events occur both in rodents and @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Invasiveness, XXXX , and transplantability of @entity19 liver nodules.

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['primary hepatocellular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Upon transplantation hepatocellular carcinomas', 'primary hepatocellular carcinomas', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Data are presented which show that various @entity19 liver nodular lesions, such as hyperplastic nodules, hepatocellular @entity652 , and @entity157 , differ not only morphologically but also biologically regarding their behavior in the primary and secondary hosts. The hyperplastic nodules grew slowly by expansion without affecting the integrity of the lobular structure. The @entity8055 also grew slowly by expansion but eliminated the histoid liver structure. Neither lesions metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs. Upon isogeneic transplantation, the @entity652 required a long latent period before manifesting an expansive type of growth without invasion and @entity3 . The @entity157 grew fast, destroyed surrounding parenchyma, and those showing moderately to poorly differentiated cellular morphology metastasized to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. @entity157 grew fast, invaded locally, metastasized distantly, and killed the recipients within a few weeks. Thus hepatocellular @entity652 and @entity189 represent two distinct entities both morphologically and biologically. Thus the agents should be classified according to the type of nodular liver lesions they "induce" in the @entity19 liver. The least innocuous agents would be those resulting in the development of hyperplastic nodules. They should not be labelled as hepatocarcinogens. On the other side of the spectrum should be the agents "inducing" the @entity157 and they should be classified as @entity19 liver carcinogens. The agents capable of affecting significantly the hepatocellular @entity652 but not the @entity157 should be considered as tumorigens, since they are causally related only with the benign liver lesions. Combining both benign and malignant @entity96 for statistical purposes is not justified unless each type of @entity5 has been affected in a statistically significant incidence. If this were not the case, classification of the agent should be in accordance with the type of lesions induced significantly. In order to use the induction of @entity157 in rodents as an indication of carcinogenic risk in @entity1 appropriately, one has to verify within the limits of feasibility that the identical carcinogenic effects and the subsequent events occur both in rodents and @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Invasiveness, @entity3 , and transplantability of XXXX liver nodules.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity70996 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity755 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity20136 . Their average LDL- @entity165 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity20136 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity20136 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity165 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity755 and their LDL @entity165 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity165 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity20136 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with @entity20136 . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal XXXX species, @entity755 -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of @entity755 .

entities_list: @entity20136 :: ('MESH:D006995', 'Disease') :: ['hypobetalipoproteinemia', 'familial hypobetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity70996 :: ('MESH:C566267', 'Disease') :: ['normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein B']


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity70996 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity755 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity20136 . Their average LDL- @entity165 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity20136 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity20136 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity165 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity755 and their LDL @entity165 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity165 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity20136 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with @entity20136 . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal @entity755 species, XXXX -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of @entity755 .

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein B']


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity70996 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity755 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity20136 . Their average LDL- @entity165 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity20136 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity20136 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity165 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity755 and their LDL @entity165 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity165 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity20136 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with @entity20136 . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal @entity755 species, @entity755 -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of XXXX .

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein B-100']


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity70996 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity755 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity20136 . Their average LDL- @entity165 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity20136 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity20136 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity165 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity755 and their LDL @entity165 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity165 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity20136 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with XXXX . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal @entity755 species, @entity755 -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of @entity755 .

answer: @entity20136 :: (MESH:D006995,Disease) :: ['familial hypobetalipoproteinemia']


abstract: Recent studies of genetic epidemiology of @entity995 are reviewed, and major conclusions drawn are as follows: @entity995 occurs in heritable or nonheritable form. The primary @entity74 in the heritable form is a point mutation or deletion at a locus on 13 q 14. For the genesis of a @entity5 in either form, the loss or inactivation of both alleles at this locus is a prerequisite, although additional events may be needed for its development. Information about environmental risk factors for the occurrence of heritable or nonheritable @entity995 is still meager. Although viral etiology for nonheritable @entity5 cannot be excluded, an extensive epidemiologic study revealed no seasonal variation in the births of 675 @entity1 with sporadic unilateral cases, a great majority of which may be regarded as due to somatic mutation. Moreover, there was no paternal age effect at all on the occurrence of 225 sporadic bilateral cases. Paternal exposure to ionizing radiation or chemical mutagens, which should have an accumulated effect with advancing age, does not seem to play a major role in the production of germinal mutation at the Rb locus. Family studies show that host resistance genes at other loci can modify the process of @entity5 development when the primary @entity74 is already present in all the target cells. Unaffected gene carriers may be regarded as inherently resistant to @entity5 formation, whereas @entity1 who present early onset of @entity5 are the most susceptible. In certain families, however, non-expression in the carriers may be due to chromosomal rearrangement in a balanced state.

title: [Genetics and epidemiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bilateral tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic change']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Typical characteristic of @entity5 cells is a decreased dependence on the growth factors for promotion of their growth. @entity2140 independence and autonomous growth of @entity5 cells has been thought to be due to the ability of the cells to produce growth factors. According to an autocrine hypothesis, @entity2140 can be secreted by @entity5 cells and then binds to its receptor on the same cells to create an uncontrolled growth stimulation. Although there has been much circumstantial evidence to support this hypothesis, an autocrine mechanism is still uncertain. We purified DSF (DNA synthesis factor) from an extract of @entity35 Rhodamine @entity1492 . This factor with strong affinity for heparin-Sepharose was a basic protein with molecular weight of 17,000. These properties were similar to those of basic FGF (fibroblast @entity2140 ). We found that primary cells from the @entity242 could grow in serum-free medium supplemented with the extract of the same @entity242 tissue. The extract was fractionated to purify proteins which supported the growth of primary cells. DSF, @entity2594 and albumin which localized in the tissue, not due to contamination of blood, were purified. When they were added to the serum-free medium, the cells grew at a similar rate to that in medium supplemented with serum. This finding suggests that the growth of @entity242 cells is stimulated by their own @entity2140 and by some environmental factors.

title: [Role of growth factors in the autonomous growth of XXXX cells].

entities_list: @entity2140 :: ('79215(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['growth factor', 'Growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity2259 was investigated in 39 @entity1 undergoing tooth extraction (Group 1), surgical removal of impacted third molars (Group 2), or removal of osteosynthesis plates (Group 3). None of the 39 @entity1 had @entity2259 before anesthesia or after nasal intubation for general anesthesia. In two of 23 @entity1 bacteria could be isolated after local anesthesia. Microorganisms were isolated in 14 of 19 @entity1 (74%) with tooth extraction. In nine, a mixture of facultative anaerobic ("aerobic") and strict anaerobic bacteria were identified; in five, anaerobes were isolated exclusively. Two to 130 bacteria were cultured per 10 ml venous blood. @entity884 causing alpha-hemolytic streptococci were found in seven cases (50%). At least one of the predominating anaerobes (Bacteroides, Fusobacteria, or Peptostreptococci) were found in all positive cases. @entity2259 was found in 40% of the Group 2 @entity1 . There was no @entity2259 in the Group 3 @entity1 . The pathogenic relevance of anaerobic @entity2259 is discussed and as a consequence it is suggested that the risk of developing organ abscesses as well as the problem of @entity884 following dental @entity2259 has to be taken into consideration. On the basis of sensitivity testing, erythromycin does not appear to be the drug of choice in @entity114 - @entity56 @entity1 .

title: XXXX following tooth extraction and removal of osteosynthesis plates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis', 'Endocarditis']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Anaerobic bacteremia']


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity1 @entity14 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity10769 -pretreated athymic @entity19 , and the development of @entity3 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity19 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity3 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity19 , 100% also developed @entity5 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity5 growth. In 33% of the @entity19 in which primary @entity5 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity3 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity5 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity19 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity3 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity6527 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity6527 ), which did not bind @entity5 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity5 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity5 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity5 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity3 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity19 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity5 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity5 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity5 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity5 -bearing nodes in @entity19 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity3 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of XXXX @entity14 @entity3 in athymic @entity19 by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'LS174T tumors', 'LS174T tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity1 @entity14 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity10769 -pretreated athymic @entity19 , and the development of @entity3 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity19 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity3 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity19 , 100% also developed @entity5 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity5 growth. In 33% of the @entity19 in which primary @entity5 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity3 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity5 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity19 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity3 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity6527 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity6527 ), which did not bind @entity5 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity5 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity5 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity5 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity3 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity19 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity5 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity5 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity5 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity5 -bearing nodes in @entity19 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity3 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of @entity1 @entity14 XXXX in athymic @entity19 by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity1 @entity14 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity10769 -pretreated athymic @entity19 , and the development of @entity3 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity19 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity3 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity19 , 100% also developed @entity5 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity5 growth. In 33% of the @entity19 in which primary @entity5 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity3 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity5 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity19 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity3 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity6527 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity6527 ), which did not bind @entity5 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity5 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity5 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity5 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity3 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity19 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity5 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity5 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity5 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity5 -bearing nodes in @entity19 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity3 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of @entity1 XXXX @entity3 in athymic @entity19 by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity1 @entity14 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity10769 -pretreated athymic @entity19 , and the development of @entity3 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity19 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity3 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity19 , 100% also developed @entity5 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity5 growth. In 33% of the @entity19 in which primary @entity5 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity3 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity5 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity19 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity3 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity6527 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity6527 ), which did not bind @entity5 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity5 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity5 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity5 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity3 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity19 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity5 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity5 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity5 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity5 -bearing nodes in @entity19 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity3 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of @entity1 @entity14 @entity3 in athymic XXXX by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Eight @entity1 who had large @entity242 in the hip, thigh, or shoulder girdle have been described. Three had @entity421 , and one each had @entity2828 , biphasic @entity1352 , @entity1821 , undifferentiated spindling @entity242 , and @entity1418 . All eight @entity5 showed evidence of regression after intraarterial infusion of @entity900 and @entity632 ( @entity632 ) given over 48 hours at 3-week intervals, for a total of between three and seven courses. Tru-cut needle biopsy specimens of five of the lesions were normal after chemotherapy. However, after resection of the regressed @entity5 in seven of the @entity1 , four contained foci of probably viable malignant cells. These cell foci were intraosseous in three cases and in the wall of a cyst in one case. In the remaining case, @entity5 in the distribution of the infused artery regressed, but @entity5 in a region supplied by an artery that was not infused continued to enlarge. In one @entity1 with @entity421 in the pelvis, despite a good response to intraarterial chemotherapy that was followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy, @entity5 recurred in an adjacent area in tissues supplied by an artery not infused. A hindquarter amputation subsequently was required. With the exception of the two cases in which adequate @entity5 arterial infusion was not achieved, local @entity5 control was accomplished by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy followed by local resection or radiotherapy and local resection in all @entity1 . Four @entity1 are well without evidence of residual or metastatic @entity242 3.5 years after presentation in the case of an @entity421 of shoulder, 2.5 years after presentation in the case of a large @entity1821 of thigh and groin, 20 months after presentation in the case of lower-thigh @entity1418 , and 1 year after presentation in a @entity1 with an @entity421 of lower femur.

title: Regional chemotherapy with the use of XXXX and @entity632 as primary treatment for advanced @entity242 in shoulder, pelvis, and thigh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrotic tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma', 'osteogenic sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic liposarcoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Eight @entity1 who had large @entity242 in the hip, thigh, or shoulder girdle have been described. Three had @entity421 , and one each had @entity2828 , biphasic @entity1352 , @entity1821 , undifferentiated spindling @entity242 , and @entity1418 . All eight @entity5 showed evidence of regression after intraarterial infusion of @entity900 and @entity632 ( @entity632 ) given over 48 hours at 3-week intervals, for a total of between three and seven courses. Tru-cut needle biopsy specimens of five of the lesions were normal after chemotherapy. However, after resection of the regressed @entity5 in seven of the @entity1 , four contained foci of probably viable malignant cells. These cell foci were intraosseous in three cases and in the wall of a cyst in one case. In the remaining case, @entity5 in the distribution of the infused artery regressed, but @entity5 in a region supplied by an artery that was not infused continued to enlarge. In one @entity1 with @entity421 in the pelvis, despite a good response to intraarterial chemotherapy that was followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy, @entity5 recurred in an adjacent area in tissues supplied by an artery not infused. A hindquarter amputation subsequently was required. With the exception of the two cases in which adequate @entity5 arterial infusion was not achieved, local @entity5 control was accomplished by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy followed by local resection or radiotherapy and local resection in all @entity1 . Four @entity1 are well without evidence of residual or metastatic @entity242 3.5 years after presentation in the case of an @entity421 of shoulder, 2.5 years after presentation in the case of a large @entity1821 of thigh and groin, 20 months after presentation in the case of lower-thigh @entity1418 , and 1 year after presentation in a @entity1 with an @entity421 of lower femur.

title: Regional chemotherapy with the use of @entity900 and XXXX as primary treatment for advanced @entity242 in shoulder, pelvis, and thigh.

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Eight @entity1 who had large @entity242 in the hip, thigh, or shoulder girdle have been described. Three had @entity421 , and one each had @entity2828 , biphasic @entity1352 , @entity1821 , undifferentiated spindling @entity242 , and @entity1418 . All eight @entity5 showed evidence of regression after intraarterial infusion of @entity900 and @entity632 ( @entity632 ) given over 48 hours at 3-week intervals, for a total of between three and seven courses. Tru-cut needle biopsy specimens of five of the lesions were normal after chemotherapy. However, after resection of the regressed @entity5 in seven of the @entity1 , four contained foci of probably viable malignant cells. These cell foci were intraosseous in three cases and in the wall of a cyst in one case. In the remaining case, @entity5 in the distribution of the infused artery regressed, but @entity5 in a region supplied by an artery that was not infused continued to enlarge. In one @entity1 with @entity421 in the pelvis, despite a good response to intraarterial chemotherapy that was followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy, @entity5 recurred in an adjacent area in tissues supplied by an artery not infused. A hindquarter amputation subsequently was required. With the exception of the two cases in which adequate @entity5 arterial infusion was not achieved, local @entity5 control was accomplished by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy followed by local resection or radiotherapy and local resection in all @entity1 . Four @entity1 are well without evidence of residual or metastatic @entity242 3.5 years after presentation in the case of an @entity421 of shoulder, 2.5 years after presentation in the case of a large @entity1821 of thigh and groin, 20 months after presentation in the case of lower-thigh @entity1418 , and 1 year after presentation in a @entity1 with an @entity421 of lower femur.

title: Regional chemotherapy with the use of @entity900 and @entity632 as primary treatment for advanced XXXX in shoulder, pelvis, and thigh.

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: In 61 @entity1 the effectiveness of @entity2892 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity4421 was examined. The diagnosis of post-traumatic @entity4421 was based on clinical and radiological signs of @entity281 , as well as a positive bone culture from a surgical specimen. The average duration of treatment was 10 days with a dosage 3 X 500 mg @entity2892 daily. The most commonly identified pathogen was @entity794 . In 75% of the cases an @entity281 with Gram-positive pathogens was found. The majority of Gram-negative infections was caused by @entity796 . The rate of elimination was greater than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A definite cure was achieved in 80% of the reported cases, only four @entity1 (7%) showed a recurrence of the @entity281 . @entity56 or other adverse effects were not observed except for @entity294 in four @entity1 . The high rate of therapeutic effectiveness as well as the excellent toleration justify the use of @entity2892 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity4421 .

title: Effectiveness of XXXX in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity4421 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: In 61 @entity1 the effectiveness of @entity2892 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity4421 was examined. The diagnosis of post-traumatic @entity4421 was based on clinical and radiological signs of @entity281 , as well as a positive bone culture from a surgical specimen. The average duration of treatment was 10 days with a dosage 3 X 500 mg @entity2892 daily. The most commonly identified pathogen was @entity794 . In 75% of the cases an @entity281 with Gram-positive pathogens was found. The majority of Gram-negative infections was caused by @entity796 . The rate of elimination was greater than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A definite cure was achieved in 80% of the reported cases, only four @entity1 (7%) showed a recurrence of the @entity281 . @entity56 or other adverse effects were not observed except for @entity294 in four @entity1 . The high rate of therapeutic effectiveness as well as the excellent toleration justify the use of @entity2892 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity4421 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity2892 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4421 :: (MESH:D010000,Disease) :: ['osteitis']


abstract: Maximum @entity26 uptake also appears to correlate to athletic performance in @entity1641 . In the Thoroughbred industry, there has long been an empirical theory that heart size is related to athletic performance, despite a lack of scientific evidence supporting this assertion. To investigate the relationship between peak @entity26 consumption (VO2max) and cardiac size measured by echocardiography, guided M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography were performed in 17 conditioned Thoroughbreds with a range of VO2max from 126 to 217 ml/min/kg STPD (mean +/- s.d. 158 +/- 28 m/min/kg). @entity1641 were age 2-10 years and weighed 430-510 kg. Echocardiography was performed using a Vingmed System V echocardiograph with a 2.25 MHz phased array ultrasound transducer. All images were obtained from the right hemithorax using a short axis view of the left ventricle (LV) at the level of the chordae tendinae. All @entity1641 were free from significant regurgitation at the aortic or mitral valves. Maximal @entity26 uptake was measured during a standardised incremental treadmill exercise test to fatigue. Maximal @entity26 uptake was correlated significantly with LVIDd (r = 0.71; P = 0.001), MWT (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), LV mass (r = 0.78; P = 0.0002) and LV short-axis area (r = 0.69; P = 0.003). When indices of heart size were indexed to bodyweight, the correlation between VO2max and indices of heart size were LVIDd (r = 0.57; P = 0.01), MWT (r = 0.44; P = 0.07), LV mass (r = 0.78; P = 0.0002) and LV short-axis area (r = 0.69; P = 0.003). The current study suggests there is a strong relationship between VO2max and measurements of left ventricular size in Thoroughbred @entity1641 when individuals with a range of VO2max are compared.

title: Heart size estimated by echocardiography correlates with maximal XXXX uptake.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: This qualitative study explored quality of life (QOL) in family caregivers of @entity43 @entity1 to better define their needs for support. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: One thousand one hundred pieces of correspondence written by family caregivers of @entity43 @entity1 were contributed to the City of Hope investigators by the founder and editor of Conversations!: The International Newsletter for Those Fighting @entity43 . The investigators analyzed meaningful comments in the letters using content analysis methods. RESULTS: Comments by family caregivers reflected little concern for their own physical well-being and, instead, focused on the psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of their experiences. Correspondence on the psychological effects of caregiving demonstrated poor QOL stemming from feelings of lack of control and helplessness. Social data showed that family caregivers lacked support, were given to feelings of isolation, and experienced considerable @entity148 regarding the genetic nature of the disease. Spiritual well-being was particularly important to caregivers, as they drew strength from their faith and were able to find positive meaning in their experiences. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study findings revealed that caregivers require additional support from the healthcare community, especially to address disease-specific needs in @entity1 with @entity43 . The correspondence demonstrates a need in family caregivers to connect with others fighting the same disease. This study also identifies the need for support for at-risk @entity1 , as well as a continuing need for palliative-care services.

title: Family perspectives of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: We describe a case of minute @entity1124 featuring @entity850 of the main pancreatic duct ( @entity14501 ) and associated with histological findings of periductal @entity2652 and fibroblast proliferation. A 53-year-old Japanese @entity1 with preoperative radiological evidence of @entity14501 stricture and dilation of the distal @entity14501 , and suspected of having @entity788 , underwent successful resection. Neither radiological nor macroscopic examination directly disclosed any @entity5 , and a small focus of @entity189 (8 x 8 mm) was only revealed on microscopic examination. The @entity5 was a poorly differentiated, @entity420 that had invaded the intrapancreatic nerves and veins. Interestingly, the @entity14501 located at the edges of the @entity5 had not been destroyed by the @entity189 , but its wall had been thickened by elastic tissue and fibroblast proliferation, resulting in @entity850 . The peripheral pancreas exhibited @entity788 . To date, the detection of small @entity788 masses using imaging procedures remains difficult, and most @entity1 are diagnosed on the basis of pancreatic ductal changes. However, the published work on small @entity788 contains little information about the histological features of the affected @entity14501 . The present findings suggest that @entity14501 strictures are not always provoked by destruction or filling with @entity5 cells, and that they can be caused by periductal @entity2652 and fibroblast proliferation in a minute @entity189 . Such changes in the @entity14501 may therefore be of clinical importance in the detection of early stage @entity5 .

title: Minute @entity788 presenting with XXXX of the main pancreatic duct.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['secondary obstructive pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['elastosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous lesions', 'tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: We describe a case of minute @entity1124 featuring @entity850 of the main pancreatic duct ( @entity14501 ) and associated with histological findings of periductal @entity2652 and fibroblast proliferation. A 53-year-old Japanese @entity1 with preoperative radiological evidence of @entity14501 stricture and dilation of the distal @entity14501 , and suspected of having @entity788 , underwent successful resection. Neither radiological nor macroscopic examination directly disclosed any @entity5 , and a small focus of @entity189 (8 x 8 mm) was only revealed on microscopic examination. The @entity5 was a poorly differentiated, @entity420 that had invaded the intrapancreatic nerves and veins. Interestingly, the @entity14501 located at the edges of the @entity5 had not been destroyed by the @entity189 , but its wall had been thickened by elastic tissue and fibroblast proliferation, resulting in @entity850 . The peripheral pancreas exhibited @entity788 . To date, the detection of small @entity788 masses using imaging procedures remains difficult, and most @entity1 are diagnosed on the basis of pancreatic ductal changes. However, the published work on small @entity788 contains little information about the histological features of the affected @entity14501 . The present findings suggest that @entity14501 strictures are not always provoked by destruction or filling with @entity5 cells, and that they can be caused by periductal @entity2652 and fibroblast proliferation in a minute @entity189 . Such changes in the @entity14501 may therefore be of clinical importance in the detection of early stage @entity5 .

title: Minute XXXX presenting with @entity850 of the main pancreatic duct.

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: A colloidal @entity15583 -coated emitter is introduced for sheathless capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-TOFMS). The conductive coating can be produced by brushing the capillary tip to construct a fine layer of @entity5723 -based colloidal @entity15583 . The fabrication involves a single step and requires less than 2 min. Full cure properties develop in approximately 2 h at room temperature and then the tip is ready for use. The coated capillary tip is applied as a sheathless electrospray emitter. The emitter has proven to bear stable electrospray and excellent performance for 50 microm i.d. x 360 microm o.d. and 20 microm i.d. x 360 microm o.d. capillaries within the flow rate of 80-500 nL/min; continuous electrospray can last for over 200 h in positive mode. Baseline separation and structure elucidation of two clinically interesting basic drugs, @entity1090 and @entity7302 , are achieved by coupling pressure-assisted CE to ESI-TOFMS using the described sheathless electrospray emitter with a bare fused- @entity3440 capillary at pH 6.7. It is found that the signal intensity of m/z in sheathless CE/ESI-TOFMS at pH 6.7 is approximately 50 times higher than that at pH 9.0 for the two analytes, although the @entity450 ( @entity450 ) at pH 9.0 provides sufficient flow rate (approximately 150 nL/min) to maintain electrospray.

title: A colloidal XXXX -coated emitter for sheathless capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity7302 :: ('MESH:C079150', 'Chemical') :: ['9-hydroxyrisperidone']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['electroosmotic flow', 'EOF']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity15583 :: (MESH:D006108,Chemical) :: ['graphite']


abstract: It has been suggested that the mechanical condition determines the rate-limiting step of the @entity4430 of the @entity3999 heads in fibers: when fibers are isometrically contracting, the @entity857 release kinetics are rate-limiting, but as the strain is reduced and the fibers are allowed to shorten, the @entity857 release kinetics accelerate and P(i) release becomes rate-limiting. We have put this idea to the test with myofibrils as a model because with these both mechanical and chemical kinetic measurements are possible. With relaxed or rapidly shortening myofibrils, P(i) release is rate-limiting and (A)M. @entity857 .P(i) states accumulate in the steady state [Lionne, C., et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 364, 59]. We have now studied the kinetics of P(i) release with chemically cross-linked myofibrils that, when adequately cross-linked, appear to be a good model for isometric contraction. By using a method that is specific for free P(i) and rapid quench flow that measures the amount of (A)M. @entity857 .P(i) states and free P(i), we show that (A)M. @entity857 .P(i) states predominate which suggests that the overall @entity4430 is limited by P(i) release kinetics. Therefore, under our experimental conditions with myofibrils prevented from shortening, the concentration of (A)M. @entity857 states is low, as with rapidly shortening and relaxed myofibrils. This result is difficult to reconcile with the sensitivity of force development in fibers and myofibrils to P(i) which implies interaction of P(i) with an (A)M. @entity857 state. We discuss two models for accommodating the mechanical and chemical kinetics with reference to the duty cycle in skeletal muscle.

title: Evidence that phosphate release is the rate-limiting step on the overall XXXX of psoas myofibrils prevented from shortening by chemical cross-linking.

answer: @entity4430 :: (1769,Gene) :: ['ATPase']


abstract: @entity177 has on occasion been referred to as a state of @entity460 @entity137 . The aim of this study was to investigate the status of intracellular free @entity141 in the neutrophils of @entity177 @entity1 on maintenance haemodialysis treatment. Factors previously suggested to influence intracellular free @entity141 were investigated including @entity461 levels, oxidative stress and recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 administration. The study involved 14 @entity177 @entity1 on the haemodialysis programme of the Pretoria Academic hospital. Intracellular free @entity141 and transmembrane @entity141 fluxes were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Increases above control values were found in intracellular free @entity141 (P-value 0.0242) and in the transmembrane @entity141 flux upon @entity5038 stimulation (P-value 0.0002). The results showed significant differences in intracellular free @entity141 between @entity1 on rHuEPO and @entity1 not on rHuEPO. The apparently rHuEPO-induced increase in intracellular free @entity141 persisted in the presence of @entity460 channel blockers. No overt indications of oxidative stress could be detected by the antioxidant vitamin levels. It is concluded that factors other than those associated with uraemia, such as rHuEPO administration, might contribute to the often reported increase in intracellular free @entity141 in these @entity1 . Further studies to investigate the relationship between intracellular free @entity141 , rHuEPO and @entity460 channel blockers are suggested.

title: Intracellular free XXXX in the neutrophils of maintenance haemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'Chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity177 has on occasion been referred to as a state of @entity460 @entity137 . The aim of this study was to investigate the status of intracellular free @entity141 in the neutrophils of @entity177 @entity1 on maintenance haemodialysis treatment. Factors previously suggested to influence intracellular free @entity141 were investigated including @entity461 levels, oxidative stress and recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 administration. The study involved 14 @entity177 @entity1 on the haemodialysis programme of the Pretoria Academic hospital. Intracellular free @entity141 and transmembrane @entity141 fluxes were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Increases above control values were found in intracellular free @entity141 (P-value 0.0242) and in the transmembrane @entity141 flux upon @entity5038 stimulation (P-value 0.0002). The results showed significant differences in intracellular free @entity141 between @entity1 on rHuEPO and @entity1 not on rHuEPO. The apparently rHuEPO-induced increase in intracellular free @entity141 persisted in the presence of @entity460 channel blockers. No overt indications of oxidative stress could be detected by the antioxidant vitamin levels. It is concluded that factors other than those associated with uraemia, such as rHuEPO administration, might contribute to the often reported increase in intracellular free @entity141 in these @entity1 . Further studies to investigate the relationship between intracellular free @entity141 , rHuEPO and @entity460 channel blockers are suggested.

title: Intracellular free @entity460 in the neutrophils of maintenance haemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A number of assays were performed to assess immunologic function in 28 @entity1 with clinically well-defined @entity161 . Our data provide laboratory evidence that @entity1 with @entity161 have characteristics consistent with an autoimmune process, directed to components of the brain, which may participate in either the pathogenesis or etiology of @entity161 . One-third of our @entity1 had a clinically evident @entity792 unrelated to their @entity146 . Of the nine @entity1 with an @entity792 , two had one autoantibody in their serum and five had more than one autoantibodies. Twelve of eighteen @entity1 without clinical evidence of @entity792 had no detectable autoantibodies. Mitogenic responses to @entity8990 and PWM were significantly reduced in the @entity1 population when compared to controls. Fifty percent of the @entity1 had an increased percentage (greater than 5%) of blood-borne HLA-DR (+) OKT4 (+) T-helper lymphocytes. Immune reactivity toward brain antigens was sought by measuring lymphocyte transformation to a saline extract of frontal lobe, and by immunoblotting of antigens extracted from frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus, interventricular septum, and hippocampus. Lymphocyte transformation did not reveal differences between @entity1 and control groups. Normal sera were found to contain antibody to some of these brain antigens. However, @entity1 with @entity161 had antibody to antigens of the hippocampus, septal region and cingulate gyrus which were not encountered during analysis of normal sera.

title: Clinical and laboratory evidence of @entity792 in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune syndrome']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A number of assays were performed to assess immunologic function in 28 @entity1 with clinically well-defined @entity161 . Our data provide laboratory evidence that @entity1 with @entity161 have characteristics consistent with an autoimmune process, directed to components of the brain, which may participate in either the pathogenesis or etiology of @entity161 . One-third of our @entity1 had a clinically evident @entity792 unrelated to their @entity146 . Of the nine @entity1 with an @entity792 , two had one autoantibody in their serum and five had more than one autoantibodies. Twelve of eighteen @entity1 without clinical evidence of @entity792 had no detectable autoantibodies. Mitogenic responses to @entity8990 and PWM were significantly reduced in the @entity1 population when compared to controls. Fifty percent of the @entity1 had an increased percentage (greater than 5%) of blood-borne HLA-DR (+) OKT4 (+) T-helper lymphocytes. Immune reactivity toward brain antigens was sought by measuring lymphocyte transformation to a saline extract of frontal lobe, and by immunoblotting of antigens extracted from frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus, interventricular septum, and hippocampus. Lymphocyte transformation did not reveal differences between @entity1 and control groups. Normal sera were found to contain antibody to some of these brain antigens. However, @entity1 with @entity161 had antibody to antigens of the hippocampus, septal region and cingulate gyrus which were not encountered during analysis of normal sera.

title: Clinical and laboratory evidence of XXXX in acute @entity161 .

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: @entity8445 , a new lipid-regulating agent, was evaluated in @entity35 and @entity95 for effects on various phases of the reproduction process. In teratology studies groups of pregnant @entity35 and @entity95 received @entity8445 at doses up to 200 mg/kg during organogenesis ( @entity35 , Days 6-15; @entity95 , days 6-18). For peri- and postnatal studies, groups of pregnant @entity35 were given 92 or 331 mg/kg from Day 15 of gestation through weaning. In fertility studies groups of sexually mature male @entity35 were given 93 or 326 mg/kg of @entity8445 for 61 days and females were given 94 or 318 mg/kg for 15 days prior to mating within treatment groups. Drug administration continued in females through gestation and weaning of the F1 offspring. In subsequent fertility experiments, treated male @entity35 were mated with untreated females and treated females were cohabitated with untreated males. @entity8445 did not elicit a teratogenic response in either @entity35 or @entity95 up to doses that resulted in maternal @entity137 . Reduced pup weights during the neonatal and weaning periods in the female fertility study as well as in the perinatal-postnatal study were the only apparent drug effect. Treatment of female @entity35 prior to mating had no significant effects on general reproductive parameters. Male @entity35 given doses of about 300 mg/kg/day showed inconsistent and equivocal lower rates of fertility relative to the concurrent controls. No adverse effects were seen in the reproductive performance of offspring of @entity8445 -treated male @entity35 .

title: Experimental studies on reproduction with the lipid-regulating agent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemfibrozil', 'gemfibrozil']

answer: @entity8445 :: (MESH:D015248,Chemical) :: ['gemfibrozil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity957 is sometimes difficult to resect due to poor pulmonary function. Although various therapeutic modalities are available, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of chemotherapy in such rare cases. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of preoperative induction chemotherapy for @entity1 with otherwise unresectable @entity957 and poor pulmonary function. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity957 were enrolled in the study. They had a total of 15 foci that were in clinical stage I or II. Due to severe @entity2415 and poor pulmonary function, all 6 @entity1 were considered unsuitable for complete surgical excision if either bilateral thoracotomy or pneumonectomy was required. The @entity1 received two courses (at 3- to 4-week intervals) of induction chemotherapy, beginning on day 1 with @entity900 (80 mg/m2), @entity7324 (3 mg/m2), and @entity1138 (8 mg/m2). After induction chemotherapy, surgical resection was performed on all 6 @entity1 as bilateral thoracotomy and pneumonectomy were avoided due to the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS: Postoperative pathologic examination revealed a complete response in eight foci. Four nonresected foci have not recurred so far. Although three @entity41 were observed in resected specimens, they all showed moderate responses to chemotherapy. The possible complete response rate is 80%. All @entity1 have survived for 2 to 10 years without apparent recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Induction chemotherapy can be added to treatment options for @entity1 with rare @entity957 that cannot be resected because of poor pulmonary function.

title: Induction chemotherapy before operation for multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma', 'multiple endobronchial squamous carcinoma', 'Multiple endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma of the lung']