abstract: INTRODUCTION AND METHOD: @entity385 is the first cause of invalidity and the third cause of @entity204 in modern day society. The final outcome after a @entity64 depends of the speed with which treatment is administered and its quality. It is for this reason that the treatment of @entity64 begins by applying strategies to reduce the delay in receiving medical attention both outside and inside the hospital. Care includes stabilising the @entity1 , with special attention being given to protecting the air passages, treatment of arterial blood pressure and heartbeat rate. The initial evaluation must be quick and focused on determining a differential diagnosis, the estimation of the volume and location of the @entity1188 , as well as considering specific therapies. Amongst the latter, the only one currently approved is thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant @entity1456 (rtPA) in selected @entity1 and with a clinical course of less than three hours duration. Intra arterial thrombolysis is a promising therapy for @entity1 with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, which has been contrasted angiographically and is less than 6 hours old. CONCLUSIONS: In these moments there is no evidence to support the use of antithrombotic or neuroprotector drugs to improve the neurological state. Following the initial stabilisation and evaluation, it is advisable for the @entity1 to be admitted to a @entity64 unit in order to avoid complications, to complete the evaluation and to start secondary prevention and rehabilitation. @entity64 units are an intervention in themselves, since they lower mortality and invalidity. While only a minority of @entity1 currently benefit from specific therapies, @entity64 units are an intervention that can potentially have positive repercussions on the huge majority of @entity1

title: [Treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: Control of penile erection requires the coordination of the hypothalamus and the L6-S1 region of the spinal cord. Erection requires the activation of neuronal @entity842 synthase ( @entity2821 ), which is tightly regulated. Because variants of @entity2821 (penile @entity2821 : PnNOS) and the @entity1024 receptor (truncated NMDAR subunit 1: @entity6806 -T) as well as @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) have all been located in the @entity546 , this work aims to determine whether these proteins are also present in the hypothalamus. It was found that PnNOS, the brain-type @entity2821 , and @entity1131 , were expressed in the hypothalamus. In contrast, @entity6806 -T was expressed only in the penis, whereas the brain-type @entity6806 was present in the brain and sacral spinal cord and not in the penis. PnNOS was found in the media preoptic area, posterior magnocellular, and the parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, septohypothalamic nucleus, medial septum, cortex, and in some of the @entity2821 staining neurons throughout the brain. It was absent in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. @entity1131 staining was present in neurons of the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus, medial septum, and cortex, but not in the supraoptic nucleus, septohypothalamic nucleus, or organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Colocalization between PnNOS and @entity1131 was found in the medial preoptic area, medial septum, and cortex, and less in the paraventricular nucleus. PnNOS and @entity398 were colocalized in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. In hypothalamic extracts, recombinant @entity1131 -GST protein bound to PnNOS in the extracts and partially inhibited NOS activity. These results indicate that both @entity2821 variants, and their respective regulatory proteins are present and colocalize in the hypothalamic and spinal cord regions involved in penile erection.

title: Penile neuronal XXXX synthase and its regulatory proteins are present in hypothalamic and spinal cord regions involved in the control of penile erection.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['PIN', 'protein inhibitor of NOS']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic ganglia and penile nerves']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: In a random sample of 976 coloured @entity1 17.2% of @entity1 and 18.4% of @entity1 were @entity101 (greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg or receiving medication). In the same population 35.6% of @entity1 and 24.7% of @entity1 suffered from total @entity101 (greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg). @entity1 between 25 and 44 years had a markedly higher prevalence of @entity101 than @entity1 of the same age. Above this age the situation was reversed. Correcting for under- and over-cuffing increased the mean pressures in @entity1 and decreased them in older @entity1 . Only 42.2% of @entity101 @entity1 and 69.9% of @entity1 were aware of their condition. Only 41.3% were on medication for it and a mere 16% had blood pressures below 160/95 mmHg. @entity101 had significantly lower intakes of @entity972 , @entity460 , @entity1760 and saturated fat than normotensive subjects. Young @entity101 consumed more salt than older @entity101 . Both @entity551 were positively associated with @entity167 consumption, smoking (in men), total serum @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , non-fasting @entity412 and @entity414 levels. @entity101 subjects were less educated and showed more type A coronary-prone behaviour than normotensives. A comparison of the prevalence of @entity101 in the four South African ethnic groups is given.

title: XXXX in the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'Hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: @entity1 with acute occlusion of a major cerebral artery sequentially call on a hemodynamic reserve quantifiable in terms of rCBF and rCBV and then an @entity26 carriage reserve quantifiable in terms of rOER (Fig. 10). If both are exhausted, @entity63 supervenes and rCMRO2 becomes linearly related to rCBF. Depending on the degree and duration of fall in rCMRO2, variable degrees of @entity1188 occur. @entity1188 occurs more rapidly in subcortical than cortical tissue. The phase of maximal rOER is short, and rapid evolution by either reflow or delayed cell death results in an invariable decline of rOER to subnormal levels in the face of a low rCMRO2 (Fig. 11). This combination is characteristic of infarcted tissue. In some instances, partial @entity1188 with a low perfusion reserve is observed with low rCMRO2, high though submaximal rOER, and no increase in rCMRO2 if rCBF is raised. This is a precarious situation predisposing to extension of @entity1188 and suggests blood pressure should not be lowered acutely after a @entity64 unless the latter is caused by hypertensive @entity75 . This pattern, however, is rare, short-lived, and usually followed by late reflow or further @entity1188 as a further fall in rCPP occurs, transiently or permanently. Tests of rCPP and the two homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining rCMRO2 using non-PET techniques suggest themselves and might form an objective basis for selection of @entity1 for prophylactic revascularization or bypass operations. PET techniques are now becoming available for assessing the blood-brain barrier, tissue pH, and @entity535 metabolism, all of which may have relevance to the further understanding of the evolution of @entity1188 . The rapid study of very early @entity63 events is now required to elucidate further the potential for cerebral salvage therapy once @entity63 has occurred.

title: Pathophysiology of @entity1 cerebral ischemia: studies with positron tomography and 15 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction', 'Infarction']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity1 with acute occlusion of a major cerebral artery sequentially call on a hemodynamic reserve quantifiable in terms of rCBF and rCBV and then an @entity26 carriage reserve quantifiable in terms of rOER (Fig. 10). If both are exhausted, @entity63 supervenes and rCMRO2 becomes linearly related to rCBF. Depending on the degree and duration of fall in rCMRO2, variable degrees of @entity1188 occur. @entity1188 occurs more rapidly in subcortical than cortical tissue. The phase of maximal rOER is short, and rapid evolution by either reflow or delayed cell death results in an invariable decline of rOER to subnormal levels in the face of a low rCMRO2 (Fig. 11). This combination is characteristic of infarcted tissue. In some instances, partial @entity1188 with a low perfusion reserve is observed with low rCMRO2, high though submaximal rOER, and no increase in rCMRO2 if rCBF is raised. This is a precarious situation predisposing to extension of @entity1188 and suggests blood pressure should not be lowered acutely after a @entity64 unless the latter is caused by hypertensive @entity75 . This pattern, however, is rare, short-lived, and usually followed by late reflow or further @entity1188 as a further fall in rCPP occurs, transiently or permanently. Tests of rCPP and the two homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining rCMRO2 using non-PET techniques suggest themselves and might form an objective basis for selection of @entity1 for prophylactic revascularization or bypass operations. PET techniques are now becoming available for assessing the blood-brain barrier, tissue pH, and @entity535 metabolism, all of which may have relevance to the further understanding of the evolution of @entity1188 . The rapid study of very early @entity63 events is now required to elucidate further the potential for cerebral salvage therapy once @entity63 has occurred.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX cerebral ischemia: studies with positron tomography and 15 @entity26 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity692 cement has become a popular alternative to bone grafts in reconstructing the calvarium. Although animal studies have shown promising results with use of @entity692 , @entity1 clinical studies have shown mixed results including significant rates of @entity281 . This is a retrospective chart review during a 7-year period (1997-2003) of 20 @entity1 who underwent secondary forehead cranioplasty with @entity692 cement (Norian Craniofacial Reconstruction System). Basic demographics including age, sex, and diagnosis were identified. Characteristics of the defects were recorded including size, location, and depth (full versus partial thickness). The volume of @entity692 and any adjunctive procedures were identified. The postoperative course was analyzed for length of follow-up and the presence of infections.Twenty @entity1 were identified in which Norian had been used and 3 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Secondary forehead asymmetry was the most common presentation. The mean volume of @entity692 used was 24.4 mL. All @entity1 had initially acceptable aesthetic results. Of the 17 @entity1 , 10 (59%) ultimately had infectious complications. Infection occurred on a mean of 17.3 months after surgery (range, 4 mo to 4 y), and the mean amount of @entity692 used was 32.5 mL (infections) versus 14.3 mL (no infections). Of the 10 @entity1 with complications, 9 required surgical debridement and subsequent delayed reconstruction. Although @entity692 cement can yield excellent aesthetic results, its use in secondary reconstruction has yielded unacceptably high @entity281 rates leading to discontinuation of its use in this @entity1 population.

title: Complications of XXXX bone cement in secondary pediatric craniofacial reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite', 'Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: The timing of surgery in @entity1 with severe @entity337 and left ventricular (LV) failure, particularly when associated with active @entity884 ( @entity884 ), is of the utmost importance. From July 1982 to May 1984, 34 @entity1 , aged 15 to 60 years, with severe @entity337 underwent immediate (within 24 hours of diagnosis) aortic valve surgery. All @entity1 were in New York Heart Association class IV for LV failure. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity712 . Decision for immediate surgery was based on the echocardiographic demonstration of diastolic closure of the mitral valve or of vegetations on the aortic valve. Premature closure of the mitral valve was demonstrated echocardiographically in 17 @entity1 , 13 of whom had diastolic crossover of LV and left atrial pressure tracings recorded at surgery. @entity884 of the aortic valve was confirmed at surgery in 29 @entity1 , 27 of whom had vegetations on echocardiography. Seven @entity1 required replacement of both aortic and mitral valves. Antibiotic therapy for @entity884 was started immediately after blood cultures were taken and continued for 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. The mortality rate within 30 days of surgery was 6% for the group as a whole and 7% for those with @entity884 . Mean follow-up period for the 32 survivors was 10.6 months. There were 2 late deaths. No @entity1 had @entity338 or persistence of @entity884 . Procrastination in referral for surgery of these extremely ill @entity1 is not justified and is likely to be associated with higher risks of morbidity and mortality.

title: Contribution of echocardiography and immediate surgery to the management of severe XXXX from active @entity884 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right-sided heart failure']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: The timing of surgery in @entity1 with severe @entity337 and left ventricular (LV) failure, particularly when associated with active @entity884 ( @entity884 ), is of the utmost importance. From July 1982 to May 1984, 34 @entity1 , aged 15 to 60 years, with severe @entity337 underwent immediate (within 24 hours of diagnosis) aortic valve surgery. All @entity1 were in New York Heart Association class IV for LV failure. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity712 . Decision for immediate surgery was based on the echocardiographic demonstration of diastolic closure of the mitral valve or of vegetations on the aortic valve. Premature closure of the mitral valve was demonstrated echocardiographically in 17 @entity1 , 13 of whom had diastolic crossover of LV and left atrial pressure tracings recorded at surgery. @entity884 of the aortic valve was confirmed at surgery in 29 @entity1 , 27 of whom had vegetations on echocardiography. Seven @entity1 required replacement of both aortic and mitral valves. Antibiotic therapy for @entity884 was started immediately after blood cultures were taken and continued for 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. The mortality rate within 30 days of surgery was 6% for the group as a whole and 7% for those with @entity884 . Mean follow-up period for the 32 survivors was 10.6 months. There were 2 late deaths. No @entity1 had @entity338 or persistence of @entity884 . Procrastination in referral for surgery of these extremely ill @entity1 is not justified and is likely to be associated with higher risks of morbidity and mortality.

title: Contribution of echocardiography and immediate surgery to the management of severe @entity337 from active XXXX .

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Nuclear orphan receptors 4A (NR4A) are early responsive genes that belong to the superfamily of hormone receptors and comprise @entity5282 , @entity18203 and @entity40803 . They have been associated to transcriptional activation of multiple genes involved in @entity32 , apoptosis and cell cycle control. Here, we establish a link between NR4As and @entity859 , a paradoxical inflammatory molecule that can contribute to persistence of @entity32 or mediate inflammatory shutdown. Transcriptomics screening of the @entity1 mast cell-line HMC-1 revealed a sharp induction of transcriptionally active @entity18203 and @entity40803 by the @entity859 analogue @entity19350 . The concomitant treatment of NECA and the @entity859 receptor A(2A) (A(2A)AR) selective antagonist @entity8744 exaggerated this effect, suggesting that upregulation of these factors in mast cells is mediated by other AR subtypes (A(2B) and A(3)) and that A(2A)AR activation counteracts @entity18203 and @entity40803 induction. In agreement with this, A(2A)AR-silencing amplified NR4A induction by NECA. Interestingly, a similar A(2A)AR modulatory effect was observed on @entity1366 phosphorylation because A(2A)AR blockage exacerbated NECA-mediated phosphorylation of @entity1366 . In addition, @entity6164 or @entity16629 inhibition prevented @entity1366 phosphorylation and antagonized AR-mediated induction of @entity18203 and @entity40803 , suggesting the involvement of these kinases in AR to NR4A signaling. Finally, we observed that selective A(2A)AR activation with @entity15997 blocked @entity4515 -induced @entity1366 phosphorylation and modulated the overexpression of functional nuclear orphan receptors 4A. Taken together, these results establish a novel @entity6164 /ERK/nuclear orphan receptors 4A axis for adenosinergic signaling in mast cells, which can be modulated by A(2A)AR activation, not only in the context of @entity859 but of other mast cell activating stimuli as well.

title: Selective regulation of nuclear orphan receptors 4A by XXXX receptor subtypes in @entity1 mast cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Nuclear orphan receptors 4A (NR4A) are early responsive genes that belong to the superfamily of hormone receptors and comprise @entity5282 , @entity18203 and @entity40803 . They have been associated to transcriptional activation of multiple genes involved in @entity32 , apoptosis and cell cycle control. Here, we establish a link between NR4As and @entity859 , a paradoxical inflammatory molecule that can contribute to persistence of @entity32 or mediate inflammatory shutdown. Transcriptomics screening of the @entity1 mast cell-line HMC-1 revealed a sharp induction of transcriptionally active @entity18203 and @entity40803 by the @entity859 analogue @entity19350 . The concomitant treatment of NECA and the @entity859 receptor A(2A) (A(2A)AR) selective antagonist @entity8744 exaggerated this effect, suggesting that upregulation of these factors in mast cells is mediated by other AR subtypes (A(2B) and A(3)) and that A(2A)AR activation counteracts @entity18203 and @entity40803 induction. In agreement with this, A(2A)AR-silencing amplified NR4A induction by NECA. Interestingly, a similar A(2A)AR modulatory effect was observed on @entity1366 phosphorylation because A(2A)AR blockage exacerbated NECA-mediated phosphorylation of @entity1366 . In addition, @entity6164 or @entity16629 inhibition prevented @entity1366 phosphorylation and antagonized AR-mediated induction of @entity18203 and @entity40803 , suggesting the involvement of these kinases in AR to NR4A signaling. Finally, we observed that selective A(2A)AR activation with @entity15997 blocked @entity4515 -induced @entity1366 phosphorylation and modulated the overexpression of functional nuclear orphan receptors 4A. Taken together, these results establish a novel @entity6164 /ERK/nuclear orphan receptors 4A axis for adenosinergic signaling in mast cells, which can be modulated by A(2A)AR activation, not only in the context of @entity859 but of other mast cell activating stimuli as well.

title: Selective regulation of nuclear orphan receptors 4A by @entity859 receptor subtypes in XXXX mast cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of an image-based classifier to distinguish between @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity146 ( @entity146 ) in individual @entity1 by using gray matter (GM) density maps computed from standard T1-weighted structural images obtained with multiple imagers and with independent training and prediction data. Materials and Methods The local institutional review board approved the study. Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity195 , 51 @entity1 with @entity146 , and 94 control subjects were divided into independent training (n = 115) and prediction (n = 114) sets with identical diagnosis and imager type distributions. Training of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier used diagnostic status and GM density maps and produced voxelwise discrimination maps. Discriminant function analysis was used to estimate suitability of the extracted weights for single-subject classification in the prediction set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated for image-based classifiers and neuropsychological z scores. Results Training accuracy of the SVM was 85% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus control subjects, 72% for @entity1 with @entity146 versus control subjects, and 79% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus @entity1 with @entity146 (P  <= .029). Single-subject diagnosis in the prediction set when using the discrimination maps yielded accuracies of 88% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus control subjects, 85% for @entity1 with @entity146 versus control subjects, and 82% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus @entity1 with @entity146 , with a good to excellent AUC (range, 0.81-0.95; P  <= .001). Machine learning-based categorization of @entity195 versus @entity146 based on GM density maps outperforms classification based on neuropsychological test results. Conclusion The SVM can be used in single-subject discrimination and can help the clinician arrive at a diagnosis. The SVM can be used to distinguish disease-specific GM patterns in @entity1 with @entity195 and those with @entity146 as compared with normal aging by using common T1-weighted structural MR imaging. (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: XXXX and @entity146 : Automatic Classification Based on Cortical Atrophy for Single-Subject Diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['bvFTD', 'behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of an image-based classifier to distinguish between @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity146 ( @entity146 ) in individual @entity1 by using gray matter (GM) density maps computed from standard T1-weighted structural images obtained with multiple imagers and with independent training and prediction data. Materials and Methods The local institutional review board approved the study. Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity195 , 51 @entity1 with @entity146 , and 94 control subjects were divided into independent training (n = 115) and prediction (n = 114) sets with identical diagnosis and imager type distributions. Training of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier used diagnostic status and GM density maps and produced voxelwise discrimination maps. Discriminant function analysis was used to estimate suitability of the extracted weights for single-subject classification in the prediction set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated for image-based classifiers and neuropsychological z scores. Results Training accuracy of the SVM was 85% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus control subjects, 72% for @entity1 with @entity146 versus control subjects, and 79% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus @entity1 with @entity146 (P  <= .029). Single-subject diagnosis in the prediction set when using the discrimination maps yielded accuracies of 88% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus control subjects, 85% for @entity1 with @entity146 versus control subjects, and 82% for @entity1 with @entity195 versus @entity1 with @entity146 , with a good to excellent AUC (range, 0.81-0.95; P  <= .001). Machine learning-based categorization of @entity195 versus @entity146 based on GM density maps outperforms classification based on neuropsychological test results. Conclusion The SVM can be used in single-subject discrimination and can help the clinician arrive at a diagnosis. The SVM can be used to distinguish disease-specific GM patterns in @entity1 with @entity195 and those with @entity146 as compared with normal aging by using common T1-weighted structural MR imaging. (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: @entity195 and XXXX : Automatic Classification Based on Cortical Atrophy for Single-Subject Diagnosis.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We studied variables associated with outcomes following intestinal resection for @entity30 . METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained single surgeon database was performed. Outcomes evaluated included disease recurrence, need for further resection/dilatation, and complications. Explanatory variables included: anatomical region of resection, open or laparoscopic approach, surgical procedure, technique of @entity254 , number of anastomoses, use of biological therapy, resection margin disease, age at resection, and period (quartile) in series. RESULTS: 81 @entity1 had 100 resections at a median age 14.5years with a median follow-up of 7.7years. Overall complication rate was 22%. Of the 77 @entity1 with no prior resection, 40 (52%) had disease recurrence, and 24 (31%) underwent further resection or dilatation. None of the explanatory variables predicted complications. Disease recurrence was significantly associated with younger age at first resection but not duration of follow-up. The probability of further intestinal intervention was strongly associated with disease site and complications. Odds ratio for further surgery for colonic disease site compared to ileocecal disease site was 7 (95% CI 1.8-26; P=0.004). Odds ratio for further intestinal resection following surgery where a complication had occurred compared to no complication was 3.4 (95% CI 1.1-10.3; P=0.02. Both disease site and complication status also significantly affected the interval to further surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of requiring a second intestinal intervention for pediatric @entity30 is related to the disease site and the complication status.

title: Colonic disease site and perioperative complications predict need for later intestinal interventions following intestinal resection in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and safety of the laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation treatment for @entity1494 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed based on 36 cases admitted to the Zhejiang Provincial @entity1 's Hospital with highly reflective and @entity1494 accepted laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation surgical treatment from June 2011 to December 2013. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 @entity1 were enrolled in this study, including 13 males, 9 females who aged from 22 to 62 years with an average of 35.8 years. Among the selected sample, there were 15 cases of @entity1566 , 4 cases of @entity602 , and 3 cases of @entity378 . The duration of disease varied from 1 to 15 years, with an average of 8.5 years. For surgery, intraoperative and perioperative complications were observed, and preoperative serum @entity1011 in @entity1 with postoperative at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 months, @entity3041 , and glomerular filtration rate urodynamic parameters were used for univariate analysis of variance. RESULTS: All @entity1 were successfully completed in laparoscopic surgery, the operative time were (105    17) minutes (90-150 minutes), @entity190 was (90    26) ml (60-150 ml), postoperative intestinal function recovery time were (2.5    0.7) d (2-5 d), and postoperative hospital stay was (15.0    4.2) d (11-20 d), while postoperative anastomotic leakage, intestinal blockage, severe @entity1320 or @entity295 and other complications did not occur. @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 36 months, with an average of 16.5 months, among which 17 @entity1 were followed up for over 12 months. The bladder safety capacity increased from (103    38) ml preoperatively to (405    46) ml at the end of the follow-up (F = 381.7, P = 0.000), and bladder compliance increased from (10    3) cm @entity4358 (1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) preoperatively to (38    4) @entity10020 O (F = 678.1, P = 0.000); the average pressure within the bladder filling at the end of the follow-up was (16    6) cm @entity4358 , which was significantly lower (F = 221.5, P = 0.000) compared to preoperative level of (45    16) cm @entity4358 , preoperative serum @entity1011 went down from (184    32)   mol/L to (120    28)   mol/L at the end of the follow-up (F = 189.1, P = 0.000); total glomerular filtration rate rose from (40    26) ml(-1)    min(-1)    1.73 m(-2) preoperatively to (66    32) ml(-1)    min(-1)    1.73 m(-2) (F = 137.7, P = 0.000). Qmax of the 3 cases of @entity1494 contracture @entity378 @entity1 increased significantly, while 4 female @entity1 with residual urine volume decrease had voluntary urination. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation treatment for @entity1494 is feasible and safe, with less @entity130 , less @entity548 , less post-operative complications, and faster recovery of bowel function. Urinary function improves significantly after surgery, and function of upper urinary tract can also be effectively improved and protected in @entity1 .

title: [The preliminary clinical results of laparoscopic ileum augmentation cystoplasty for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder', 'low compliance bladder']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['low compliance bladder']


abstract: Background. @entity29883 is a fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva. It may exist as an @entity854 or as @entity14495 . This paper reports a case of 16-year-old male with generalized severe @entity8032 , involving the maxillary and mandibular arches and covering almost all teeth. Methods. Periodontal management of @entity1283 included gingivectomy in both arches except in the lower right molar region where flap surgery was done under general anesthesia. After a 2-month followup period, orthodontic treatment was started with fixed appliances. Monthly periodontal checkups and maintainance (scaling and polishing) were scheduled to control the @entity32 . Results. Reevaluation of the @entity1 of surgical treatment after two months did not show any recurrence of condition; however, minimal overgrowth was noted 1 month after the beginning of orthodontic treatment which was treated nonsurgically. Conclusions. Although the risk of recurrence is high with this condition, surgical treatment with correction of @entity3232 and regular followup can provide excellent outcome as seen in this case.

title: Multispeciality approach in the management of @entity1 with XXXX : 1-year followup: a case report.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['gingival enlargement']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['isolated abnormality']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['part of multisystem syndrome']

entities_list: @entity29883 :: ('MESH:C562884', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary gingival fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['gingival overgrowth']

answer: @entity29883 :: (MESH:C562884,Disease) :: ['hereditary gingival fibromatosis']


abstract: Background. @entity29883 is a fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva. It may exist as an @entity854 or as @entity14495 . This paper reports a case of 16-year-old male with generalized severe @entity8032 , involving the maxillary and mandibular arches and covering almost all teeth. Methods. Periodontal management of @entity1283 included gingivectomy in both arches except in the lower right molar region where flap surgery was done under general anesthesia. After a 2-month followup period, orthodontic treatment was started with fixed appliances. Monthly periodontal checkups and maintainance (scaling and polishing) were scheduled to control the @entity32 . Results. Reevaluation of the @entity1 of surgical treatment after two months did not show any recurrence of condition; however, minimal overgrowth was noted 1 month after the beginning of orthodontic treatment which was treated nonsurgically. Conclusions. Although the risk of recurrence is high with this condition, surgical treatment with correction of @entity3232 and regular followup can provide excellent outcome as seen in this case.

title: Multispeciality approach in the management of XXXX with @entity29883 : 1-year followup: a case report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity2643 is an antiarrhythmic agent known to cause prolongation of action potential duration which is reflected in the electrocardiogram as a prolongation of the QT interval. @entity1162 in @entity1 dying suddenly was compared with that in @entity1 who remained alive to determine whether a difference existed between these two groups. The electrocardiogram and @entity2643 levels were evaluated in 33 @entity1 who presented with @entity1167 and symptomatic @entity1165 in whom no other antiarrhythmic agent was found effective in preventing induction of @entity1165 during electrophysiologic studies. There were 30 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 (mean age 52 +/- 10 years). Twenty-three are alive after a mean follow-up period of 12 +/- 7 months. Ten died: six suddenly, three of non-cardiac causes and one of @entity712 . Using a two-way analysis of variance, the percent change in QT, QTc, JT and JTc intervals before and after @entity2643 therapy was analyzed. Marked prolongation in the QT interval was present in @entity1 who remained alive with @entity2643 therapy. A significant difference in percent @entity1162 was seen between the latter @entity1 and those who died suddenly (p less than 0.005). No difference was observed in the percent change in QRS interval between the two groups. The levels of @entity2643 (2.5 versus 3.2 micrograms/ml) and its metabolite ( @entity17742 ) were not significantly different between the living @entity1 and those who died suddenly. These findings suggest that a prolongation of the QT interval may be a marker for the therapeutic antiarrhythmic effect of @entity2643 .

title: @entity1162 and the antiarrhythmic efficacy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity17742 :: ('MESH:C036116', 'Chemical') :: ['desethylamiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Prolongation of the QT interval', 'QT prolongation']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: @entity2643 is an antiarrhythmic agent known to cause prolongation of action potential duration which is reflected in the electrocardiogram as a prolongation of the QT interval. @entity1162 in @entity1 dying suddenly was compared with that in @entity1 who remained alive to determine whether a difference existed between these two groups. The electrocardiogram and @entity2643 levels were evaluated in 33 @entity1 who presented with @entity1167 and symptomatic @entity1165 in whom no other antiarrhythmic agent was found effective in preventing induction of @entity1165 during electrophysiologic studies. There were 30 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 (mean age 52 +/- 10 years). Twenty-three are alive after a mean follow-up period of 12 +/- 7 months. Ten died: six suddenly, three of non-cardiac causes and one of @entity712 . Using a two-way analysis of variance, the percent change in QT, QTc, JT and JTc intervals before and after @entity2643 therapy was analyzed. Marked prolongation in the QT interval was present in @entity1 who remained alive with @entity2643 therapy. A significant difference in percent @entity1162 was seen between the latter @entity1 and those who died suddenly (p less than 0.005). No difference was observed in the percent change in QRS interval between the two groups. The levels of @entity2643 (2.5 versus 3.2 micrograms/ml) and its metabolite ( @entity17742 ) were not significantly different between the living @entity1 and those who died suddenly. These findings suggest that a prolongation of the QT interval may be a marker for the therapeutic antiarrhythmic effect of @entity2643 .

title: XXXX and the antiarrhythmic efficacy of @entity2643 .

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT prolongation']


abstract: In situ hybridization provides a method for identifying cells that contain specific nucleic acid sequences. This report outlines an in situ hybridization procedure for @entity1 neural tissue. The method maintains morphological quality and produces excellent specificity. Seven tritiated nucleic acid probes were examined: two ribosomal RNA probes, a control pBR322 plasmid probe, two probes encoding portions of the gene for @entity398 , one probe each encoding a portion of @entity3488 glycoprotein, and neurophysin. Using cryostat-cut @entity35 brain sections, rRNA probes labeled the cytoplasm of all cells and the nucleoli of larger neurons. The plasmid probe failed to produce a strong signal. @entity398 and @entity3488 probes appropriately labeled the cytoplasm of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. @entity3488 parvocellular neurons were not identified by the current method, and the shorter length neurophysin probe failed to produce a signal. Methodological variables were examined by counting autoradiographic grains in cells. The longer @entity398 probe produced a stronger signal than the shorter @entity398 and @entity3488 probes, and higher probe concentrations resulted in stronger signal. Hybridization could be abolished by tissue pretreatment with @entity30555 , and longer exposure time increased signal strength. The outlined fixation steps with fresh-frozen tissue produced a superior signal compared to @entity1604 -perfused tissue.

title: In situ hybridization technique to localize rRNA and mRNA in XXXX neurons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['vasopressin', 'Vasopressin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cerebral blood flow, arterial pulsation, and vasomotion play important roles in the transport of waste metabolites out of the brain. Impaired vasomotion results in reduced driving force for the perivascular/glymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid. Noninvasive cerebrovascular characteristic features that potentially assess these transport mechanisms are @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and pulsatility index (PI). In this study, 4D flow MRI was used to measure intra-cranial flow features, particularly @entity450 , PI, resistive index (RI) and cross-sectional area in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), mild @entity73 and in age matched and younger cognitively healthy controls. Three-hundred fourteen subjects participated in this study. Volumetric, time-resolved phase contrast (PC) MRI data were used to quantify hemodynamic parameters from 11 vessel segments. Anatomical variants of the @entity16260 were also cataloged. The @entity195 population reported a statistically significant decrease in @entity450 and cross-sectional area, and also an increase in PI and RI compared to age matched cognitively healthy control subjects. The 4D flow MRI technique used in this study provides quantitative measurements of intracranial vessel geometry and the velocity of flow. Cerebrovascular characteristics features of vascular health such as pulsatility index can be extracted from the 4D flow MRI data.

title: 4D flow MRI for intracranial hemodynamics assessment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16260 :: ('MESH:C536991', 'Disease') :: ['Circle of Willis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'mean blood flow']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Peritoneovenous shunts (PVSs) have provided salutary effects on medically recalcitrant @entity843 , functional @entity8 , nutritional derangements, ventilatory embarrassment, and locomotion potential in @entity1 with @entity82 . While the LeVeen (LPVS) and Denver (DPVS) PVSs are most frequently implanted in such @entity1 , @entity260 of @entity548 gastroesophageal varices, @entity295 , and @entity432 occur with notable frequency. Addressing primarily the complication of PVS occlusion, a randomized prospective trial of LPVSs and DPVSs was conducted in cirrhotic @entity1 with refractory @entity843 . From July 1, 1982 to July 1, 1984, 26 initial PVSs were implanted for hepatic-related intractable @entity843 . Twenty-two @entity1 were eligible for randomization ( @entity82 , sterile @entity843 , initial PVS, total @entity648 level less than or equal to 6.0 mg/dL, @entity556 time less than or equal to 5-s prolongation, serum @entity1011 level less than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL [ @entity1011 clearance rate greater than or equal to 20 mL/min], absence of recent [less than 30 days] @entity548 gastroesophageal varices, or absent spontaneous @entity75 ). Twelve LPVSs and ten DPVSs were implanted; however, one @entity1 with a DPVS was found to have @entity99 and was excluded from analysis. All @entity1 were followed up until death or Jan 1, 1985. The PVS patency determinations included contrast shuntography, technetium Tc 99m albumin scintigraphy, sequential manual compression (DPVS), and operative or autopsy observation. Using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis, the LPVS patency proved to be highly superior to that of the DPVS, while survival was not significantly different. As LPVS and DPVS complications other than patency are comparable, the LPVS is preferred for its superior patency in cirrhotic @entity1 with intractable @entity843 .

title: LeVeen vs Denver peritoneovenous shunts for intractable XXXX of @entity82 . A randomized, prospective trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['shunt occlusion']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic polycystic disease']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: Peritoneovenous shunts (PVSs) have provided salutary effects on medically recalcitrant @entity843 , functional @entity8 , nutritional derangements, ventilatory embarrassment, and locomotion potential in @entity1 with @entity82 . While the LeVeen (LPVS) and Denver (DPVS) PVSs are most frequently implanted in such @entity1 , @entity260 of @entity548 gastroesophageal varices, @entity295 , and @entity432 occur with notable frequency. Addressing primarily the complication of PVS occlusion, a randomized prospective trial of LPVSs and DPVSs was conducted in cirrhotic @entity1 with refractory @entity843 . From July 1, 1982 to July 1, 1984, 26 initial PVSs were implanted for hepatic-related intractable @entity843 . Twenty-two @entity1 were eligible for randomization ( @entity82 , sterile @entity843 , initial PVS, total @entity648 level less than or equal to 6.0 mg/dL, @entity556 time less than or equal to 5-s prolongation, serum @entity1011 level less than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL [ @entity1011 clearance rate greater than or equal to 20 mL/min], absence of recent [less than 30 days] @entity548 gastroesophageal varices, or absent spontaneous @entity75 ). Twelve LPVSs and ten DPVSs were implanted; however, one @entity1 with a DPVS was found to have @entity99 and was excluded from analysis. All @entity1 were followed up until death or Jan 1, 1985. The PVS patency determinations included contrast shuntography, technetium Tc 99m albumin scintigraphy, sequential manual compression (DPVS), and operative or autopsy observation. Using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis, the LPVS patency proved to be highly superior to that of the DPVS, while survival was not significantly different. As LPVS and DPVS complications other than patency are comparable, the LPVS is preferred for its superior patency in cirrhotic @entity1 with intractable @entity843 .

title: LeVeen vs Denver peritoneovenous shunts for intractable @entity843 of XXXX . A randomized, prospective trial.

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative outcome between the endovascular repair (EVAR) and open surgical repair (OSR) for @entity1755 . METHODS: From January 2006 to January 2013, totally 66 @entity1 with @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) treated by surgery were retrospectively analyzed in Department of vascular surgery, @entity1 's Liberation Army General Hospital. According to the repair method, all the subjects were divided into EVAR group and OSR group. EVAR group included 40 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 were male, 10 @entity1 were female, aged from 47 to 78 with a mean of (71    7) years. OSR group included 26 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 were male, aged from 45 to 87 with a mean of (72    9) years. The difference of the operation time, the amount of suspended red blood cells, ICU stay time, case fatality rate, adverse event rate and the difference of the two intervention rate were compared between the 2 groups by   (2) test and t test. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the 2 groups in operation time, the amount of suspended red blood cells, ICU stay time, case fatality rate, adverse event rate ((183    44) minutes vs. (384    108) minutes, t = -10.59, P = 0.00; (0.4    0.8) units vs. (1.1    1.8) units, t = -2.19, P = 0.03; (3.0    1.8) d vs. (8.5    5.1) d, t = -6.34, P = 0.00; 20.0% (8/40) vs. 46.2% (12/26),   (2) = 5.10, P = 0.02; 25.0% (10/40) vs. 53.8% (14/26),   (2) = 5.67, P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in frozen plasma quantities and the two intervention rate between the 2 groups (t = -1.98, P = 0.05;   (2) = 0.49, P = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: EVAR decreases the perioperative mortality and adverse event of @entity1755 compared with OSR. More studies are necessary to compare the middle and long-outcome between EVAR and OSR of @entity1755 .

title: [Comparative study of perioperative outcome between endovascular repair and open surgical repair for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'rAAA']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: This report presents an update of the Kevorkian-Reding physician-assisted (or physician-aided) @entity204 to include the ninety-three publicly acknowledged cases as of November 25, 1998. These @entity204 are divided into ten distinct time phases. The following trends emerge. Over two-thirds of the decedents are @entity1 , the ratio of females to males varying widely with phase. The proportion of @entity1 seems to be the highest when Kevorkian is free to act as he wants and lowest when he seems to be acting under legal or political restraints. Based on autopsy results, only 29.0 percent of the cases are terminal, this percentage being higher among @entity1 (37.9%) than among @entity1 (25.4%). However, 66.7% of the decedents were disabled, no significant difference emerging between @entity1 and @entity1 . Further, five out of the six decedents showing no apparent anatomical sign of disease at autopsy were @entity1 . Over 80 percent of the physician-assisted @entity204 are cremated, approximately twice as high a proportion as that emerging for suicides in Michigan and four times as high as cremations occurring with regard to overall @entity204 . Finally, @entity204 by @entity1223 decreases dramatically with time phase while the use of the contraption dubbed the "suicide machine" increases, suggesting an increasing routinization over time. Finally, during the ninth and tenth phases, Kevorkian's aims and his own suicidality emerge more clearly involving 1) harvesting organs and 2) threat of starving himself in prison if he is convicted. Phase 10 can be seen as an escalation from assisted @entity204 to overt euthanasia, repeating the same need for a demonstration (Thomas Youk) that was first exhibited in Phase I (Janet Adkins).

title: An update on the Kevorkian-Reding 93 physician-assisted XXXX in Michigan: is Kevorkian a savior, serial-killer or suicidal martyr?

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study reports on the efficacy of using the anesthesia simulator to teach sedation and @entity1337 to nurses. This provision of sedation and @entity1337 to a @entity1 is accomplished with the goal of maintaining the ability of the @entity1 to respond purposefully to auditory or tactile stimuli. METHODS: Nurses working in areas of the hospital where conscious sedation is performed were the @entity1 in this sedation and @entity1337 training course. Prior to the training session, the @entity1 read the American Society of Anesthesiology Practice guidelines for sedation and @entity1337 by non-anesthesiologists. At the time of the training session, each @entity1 completed a written pretest, had an introduction to sedation and @entity1337 with four clinical crisis teaching scenarios using the anesthesia simulator, a practical exam using the simulator, and a written post-test. Each @entity1 was also given the opportunity to complete an evaluation of the session. RESULTS: Twenty nurses completed the training session. The written tests had a maximum possible score of 30. Mean score on the written pretest was 22.9 +/- 3.54, and mean score on the written post-test was 26.0 +/- 4.24 (p < 0.001). Seventeen of the twenty subjects scored higher on the post-test. Mean practical exam score was 5.5 of a possible 6.0. Mean @entity1 rating of the education session was 3.75 (1 = poor, 4 = excellent). All but one @entity1 rated the length of the training session as "about right." CONCLUSIONS: The anesthesia simulator provides an excellent tool for teaching conscious sedation skills to hospital nurses. The @entity1 ' test performance improved following the session, and they also rated the educational experience as excellent.

title: Teaching sedation and XXXX with simulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Advancing age is a major risk factor for @entity453 . @entity409 accompanied by increased oxidative stress and @entity32 with aging may predispose older arteries to greater @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury. Because coronary @entity63 cannot be induced safely, the effects of age and habitual endurance exercise on endothelial I/R injury have not been determined in @entity1 . Using the brachial artery as a surrogate model of the coronary arteries, endothelial function, assessed by brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ), was measured before and after 20 min of continuous forearm occlusion in young sedentary (n = 10, 24    2 yr) and middle-aged (n = 9, 48    2 yr) sedentary adults to gain insight into the effects of primary aging on endothelial I/R injury. Young (n = 9, 25    1 yr) and middle-aged endurance-trained (n = 9, 50    2 yr) adults were also studied to determine whether habitual exercise provides protection from I/R injury. Fifteen minutes after @entity63 , @entity384 decreased significantly by 37% in young sedentary, 35% in young endurance-trained, 68% in middle-aged sedentary, and 50% in middle-aged endurance-trained subjects. @entity384 returned to baseline levels within 30 min in young sedentary and endurance-trained subjects but remained @entity308 in middle-aged sedentary and endurance-trained subjects. Circulating markers of antioxidant capacity and @entity32 were not related to @entity384 . In conclusion, advancing age is associated with a greater magnitude and delayed recovery from endothelial I/R injury in @entity1 . Habitual endurance exercise may provide partial protection to the endothelium against this form of I/R injury with advancing age.

title: Endothelial XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity1 : association with age and habitual exercise.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'artery ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Advancing age is a major risk factor for @entity453 . @entity409 accompanied by increased oxidative stress and @entity32 with aging may predispose older arteries to greater @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury. Because coronary @entity63 cannot be induced safely, the effects of age and habitual endurance exercise on endothelial I/R injury have not been determined in @entity1 . Using the brachial artery as a surrogate model of the coronary arteries, endothelial function, assessed by brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ), was measured before and after 20 min of continuous forearm occlusion in young sedentary (n = 10, 24    2 yr) and middle-aged (n = 9, 48    2 yr) sedentary adults to gain insight into the effects of primary aging on endothelial I/R injury. Young (n = 9, 25    1 yr) and middle-aged endurance-trained (n = 9, 50    2 yr) adults were also studied to determine whether habitual exercise provides protection from I/R injury. Fifteen minutes after @entity63 , @entity384 decreased significantly by 37% in young sedentary, 35% in young endurance-trained, 68% in middle-aged sedentary, and 50% in middle-aged endurance-trained subjects. @entity384 returned to baseline levels within 30 min in young sedentary and endurance-trained subjects but remained @entity308 in middle-aged sedentary and endurance-trained subjects. Circulating markers of antioxidant capacity and @entity32 were not related to @entity384 . In conclusion, advancing age is associated with a greater magnitude and delayed recovery from endothelial I/R injury in @entity1 . Habitual endurance exercise may provide partial protection to the endothelium against this form of I/R injury with advancing age.

title: Endothelial @entity63 -reperfusion injury in XXXX : association with age and habitual exercise.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Submergence and drought are major constraints to @entity579 ( @entity579 ) production in rain-fed farmlands, both of which can occur sequentially during a single crop cycle. SUB1A, an ERF transcription factor found in limited @entity579 accessions, dampens @entity1786 production and @entity9635 responsiveness during submergence, economizing @entity1735 reserves and significantly prolonging endurance. Here, we evaluated the functional role of SUB1A in acclimation to @entity2700 . Comparative analysis of genotypes with and without SUB1A revealed that SUB1A enhanced recovery from drought at the vegetative stage through reduction of leaf water loss and lipid peroxidation and increased expression of genes associated with acclimation to @entity2700 . Overexpression of SUB1A augmented ABA responsiveness, thereby activating stress-inducible gene expression. Paradoxically, vegetative tissue undergoes @entity2700 upon desubmergence even though the soil contains sufficient water, indicating that leaf desiccation occurs in the natural progression of a flooding event. Desubmergence caused the upregulation of gene transcripts associated with acclimation to @entity2700 , with higher induction in SUB1A genotypes. SUB1A also restrained accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in aerial tissue during drought and desubmergence. Consistently, SUB1A increased the abundance of transcripts encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, resulting in enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. Therefore, in addition to providing robust submergence tolerance, SUB1A improves survival of rapid @entity2700 following desubmergence and water deficit during drought.

title: The submergence tolerance regulator SUB1A mediates crosstalk between submergence and drought tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Following cutaneous @entity6784 regenerate into the dermis and epidermis. Tissues that are innervated by sensory nerves synthesize neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF). The close anatomic proximity of nerves and capillaries throughout the skin suggests that mutual regulation may exist between nerve fibers and microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) during wound repair. Release of the neuropeptide @entity4757 by sensory nerves induces endothelial cell rounding, capillary leak, and cytokine upregulation. We propose that dermal endothelial cells produce neurotrophins required for nerve fiber maintenance and regeneration. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity4757 stimulates NGF messenger RNA expression by cultured @entity1 dermal MECs. Likewise, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay demonstrated that conditioned medium from cultured dermal MECs contains NGF. NGF bioactivity in the supemates was verified by conditioned medium-induced clonal @entity35 @entity1911 (PC-12) cell differentiation. This activity was inhibited by anti-NGF antibodies. Therefore, we have demonstrated that @entity4757 , an inflammatory neuropeptide released by sensory nerve fibers, induces endothelial cells to produce NGF. Our data suggest that MECs may be unrecognized contributors to nerve regeneration after cutaneous injury.

title: XXXX dermal microvascular endothelial cells produce nerve growth factor: implications for wound repair.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity6784 :: ('MESH:D059348', 'Disease') :: ['injury, sensory nerves']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Characteristics of the aging face include soft tissue @entity194 , @entity272 resulting in excess facial skin, and gravitational descent or ptosis of facial soft tissues. @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) is a synthetic biodegradable polymer that provides soft tissue augmentation through stimulation of an inflammatory tissue response with subsequent collagen deposition. OBJECTIVE: The authors discuss the special considerations inherent in facial aging, describe the mechanism of action and indications for a new @entity15274 filler under consideration for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval (Sculptra Aesthetic, sanofi-aventis US, Bridgewater, New Jersey), and detail the results of a two-year off-label pilot study with the product. METHODS: The senior author (LAC) treated 106 @entity1 with @entity15274 in an off-label indication, as part of a pilot study while Sculptra Aesthetic was being evaluated for FDA approval for cosmetic indications. All @entity1 were followed up for two years to help develop a protocol for injection technique. RESULTS: The age range of @entity1 in this series was 40 to 78 years. Three @entity1 were male and 103 were female. @entity1 received an average injection of 1.6 vials per session, over an average of 2.3 sessions, to achieve volume restoration in the tear trough, midface, malar region, nasolabial folds, prejowl area, mandibular border, and mandibular angle. The authors we achieved 100% follow-up with 99.1% @entity1 satisfaction. The rate of nodule formation was 4.7% at a minimum follow-up of two years. CONCLUSIONS: Because of its unique mechanism of action, @entity15274 for nonsurgical facial rejuvenation requires meticulous injection technique with special considerations for optimizing outcomes and minimizing adverse events.

title: Nonsurgical rejuvenation of the aging face with injectable XXXX for restoration of soft tissue volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly-L-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['loss of skin elasticity']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly-L-lactic acid']


abstract: Total hip replacement has become one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures. However, complications due to @entity281 may give serious problems and have devastating consequences for the hip implant. The use of a temporary three-dimensional polymethylmethacrylate ( @entity4625 ) cement spacer may be an alternative to solve @entity281 in hip implants, improving the lives of @entity1 awaiting reimplantation. In order to evaluate their wear behaviour, five @entity4625 Spacer-G femoral heads were tested against five post-mortem pelves in a hip joint simulator with bovine calf serum as lubricant. The surface of the worn spacers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis; all the samples revealed a similar morphology, showing areas characterized by different degrees of wear. Particle debris was isolated from the lubricant and @entity4625 particles and bone fractions were quantified. The amount of debris was found to be higher than where no-temporary prostheses were used. However, this result is acceptable since @entity3356 is removed by lavage irrigation when the Spacer-G is explanted. On the basis of these data, it is considered that the use of the cement Spacer-G could be a promising approach to the treatment of complicated @entity281 of the hip joint. Therefore, Spacer-G is worthy of further research.

title: Investigations on the wear behaviour of the temporary XXXX -based hip Spacer-G.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['wear debris']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['PMMA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: @entity18212 ( @entity18212 ) is a @entity66 of controversial etiology, affecting some subjects when exposed to chemicals at no harmful concentrations. The objective of this paper is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and psychological features of a sample of @entity1 with @entity18212 for further specific group treatment. PATIENS AND METHOD: Descriptive study of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity18212 in a toxicology unit. We administered the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory, the structured interview @entity915 -II, the @entity148 scale HAS and the type A personality test, PCTA. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 were included. The mean age was 52,6 years (range 33-77; SD 9.29). Sixty-six were females (90.4%). Fifty-three percent were classified as i-ii and ii grade. Sixty-one @entity1 (83%) presented some type of comorbidity, mainly @entity1118 , @entity239 and chronic fatigue. They exhibited higher levels of @entity148 (average score of 19.2), prevalence of phobic-avoidant traits of personality and type A behavior in 31.1%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity18212 affects middle-aged @entity1 with comorbidities ( @entity1118 , @entity239 and chronic fatigue) and high @entity148 and avoidance behaviors. This preliminary analysis should help provide a specific therapeutic approach to these @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX : Clinical evaluation of the severity and psychopathological profile].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity18212 :: ('MESH:D018777', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple chemical sensitivity', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity18212 :: (MESH:D018777,Disease) :: ['Multiple chemical sensitivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN: Popliteal vein repair and ligation are the two main approaches to the treatment of the venous component of major, complex, knee injuries with vascular involvement. We have studied the incidence of @entity1151 following popliteal vein repair in @entity130 cases using computed tomography (CT) angiography and report the outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From June 2006 to December 2009, 45 @entity1 with @entity130 were operated on in our vascular unit using lateral venorrhaphy, end-to-end @entity254 , a saphenous vein interposition graft and venous patch repair. All the @entity1 were operated on using a medial approach to the knee. On the third postoperative day, all @entity1 underwent a colour Doppler scan of the repaired popliteal vein to study patency, and pulmonary artery CT angiography using a 64-slice multidetector CT scan unit to establish the incidence of @entity1151 . RESULTS: The number of @entity1 treated by each method were: lateral venorrhaphy 20 (44%), end-to-end @entity254 13 (29%), saphenous vein interposition graft 9 (20%) and venous patch repair three (7%). Two @entity1 (4%) died because of @entity1576 the day after surgery with massive @entity1151 at autopsy. Popliteal colour duplex ultrasound imaging showed seven (16%) cases of @entity715 and seven (16%) cases of partial vein @entity715 . CT angiography showed @entity1151 in 11 (26%) @entity1 . From seven @entity1 with complete @entity715 three @entity1 , and from seven @entity1 with incomplete @entity715 five @entity1 showed @entity1151 on CT angiography. Other than two cases of early mortality, five (12%) @entity1 developed clinical manifestations of @entity1151 and 11 (26%) @entity1 had @entity1151 detected by CT angiography. Seven (16%) of our @entity1 had mild-to-severe @entity1151 and 13 @entity1 (29%) had proven @entity1151 . The total mortality rate was 7%. CONCLUSION: A surprisingly high incidence of @entity1151 was observed after popliteal vein repair in civil @entity130 @entity1 . Additional prophylactic methods such as using higher doses of heparin and using inferior vena cava (IVC) filters might be needed to prevent this potentially fatal complication.

title: Incidence and outcome of @entity1151 following popliteal venous repair in XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pulmonary artery embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardio-respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'complete vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['popliteal vein injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN: Popliteal vein repair and ligation are the two main approaches to the treatment of the venous component of major, complex, knee injuries with vascular involvement. We have studied the incidence of @entity1151 following popliteal vein repair in @entity130 cases using computed tomography (CT) angiography and report the outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From June 2006 to December 2009, 45 @entity1 with @entity130 were operated on in our vascular unit using lateral venorrhaphy, end-to-end @entity254 , a saphenous vein interposition graft and venous patch repair. All the @entity1 were operated on using a medial approach to the knee. On the third postoperative day, all @entity1 underwent a colour Doppler scan of the repaired popliteal vein to study patency, and pulmonary artery CT angiography using a 64-slice multidetector CT scan unit to establish the incidence of @entity1151 . RESULTS: The number of @entity1 treated by each method were: lateral venorrhaphy 20 (44%), end-to-end @entity254 13 (29%), saphenous vein interposition graft 9 (20%) and venous patch repair three (7%). Two @entity1 (4%) died because of @entity1576 the day after surgery with massive @entity1151 at autopsy. Popliteal colour duplex ultrasound imaging showed seven (16%) cases of @entity715 and seven (16%) cases of partial vein @entity715 . CT angiography showed @entity1151 in 11 (26%) @entity1 . From seven @entity1 with complete @entity715 three @entity1 , and from seven @entity1 with incomplete @entity715 five @entity1 showed @entity1151 on CT angiography. Other than two cases of early mortality, five (12%) @entity1 developed clinical manifestations of @entity1151 and 11 (26%) @entity1 had @entity1151 detected by CT angiography. Seven (16%) of our @entity1 had mild-to-severe @entity1151 and 13 @entity1 (29%) had proven @entity1151 . The total mortality rate was 7%. CONCLUSION: A surprisingly high incidence of @entity1151 was observed after popliteal vein repair in civil @entity130 @entity1 . Additional prophylactic methods such as using higher doses of heparin and using inferior vena cava (IVC) filters might be needed to prevent this potentially fatal complication.

title: Incidence and outcome of XXXX following popliteal venous repair in @entity130 cases.

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lifestyle-related diseases, such as @entity28 and @entity2299 are important risk factors for @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, the underlying mechanism linking these diseases and @entity955 has not been fully investigated. METHODS: Adult male @entity19 were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or vehicle (NC) for 2months. Electrocardiography and in vivo electrophysiological study were performed. @entity19 were then sacrificed for quantification of mRNA, microRNA, and protein in atria, in addition to histological analysis. Conduction velocity (CV) in right atrium was measured by optical mapping in Langendorff perfused hearts. Cultured atrial cardiomyocytes were treated with @entity2365 with or without a specific microRNA inhibitor. Twelve hours after stimulation, cells were lysed, and subjected to analysis with qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: HFD @entity19 showed prolonged P wave duration, increased inducibility of sustained @entity591 , and reduced atrial CV than NC @entity19 . HFD @entity19 also showed increased expression in inflammatory cytokines, whereas fibrotic area and signals relating @entity82 were not changed. HFD @entity19 demonstrated reduced expression of @entity16898 in mRNA and protein levels, and its lateralized expression in atria. MicroRNA array analysis revealed that @entity53507 expression was up-regulated in HFD @entity19 , and luciferase assay confirmed the direct interaction between @entity53507 and @entity16898 3'UTR. In @entity2365 -stimulated atrial cardiomyocytes, @entity53507 up-regulation and @entity16898 down-regulation were observed, while expression of inflammatory cytokines was not altered. Inhibition of @entity53507 with antisense oligonucleotides reversed the alteration caused by @entity2365 stimulation. CONCLUSION: HFD may increase the vulnerability to @entity943 by down-regulation of @entity16898 via @entity53507 , rather than @entity82 , which is independent of @entity32 .

title: High-fat diet increases vulnerability to XXXX by conduction disturbance via @entity53507 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lifestyle-related diseases, such as @entity28 and @entity2299 are important risk factors for @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, the underlying mechanism linking these diseases and @entity955 has not been fully investigated. METHODS: Adult male @entity19 were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or vehicle (NC) for 2months. Electrocardiography and in vivo electrophysiological study were performed. @entity19 were then sacrificed for quantification of mRNA, microRNA, and protein in atria, in addition to histological analysis. Conduction velocity (CV) in right atrium was measured by optical mapping in Langendorff perfused hearts. Cultured atrial cardiomyocytes were treated with @entity2365 with or without a specific microRNA inhibitor. Twelve hours after stimulation, cells were lysed, and subjected to analysis with qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: HFD @entity19 showed prolonged P wave duration, increased inducibility of sustained @entity591 , and reduced atrial CV than NC @entity19 . HFD @entity19 also showed increased expression in inflammatory cytokines, whereas fibrotic area and signals relating @entity82 were not changed. HFD @entity19 demonstrated reduced expression of @entity16898 in mRNA and protein levels, and its lateralized expression in atria. MicroRNA array analysis revealed that @entity53507 expression was up-regulated in HFD @entity19 , and luciferase assay confirmed the direct interaction between @entity53507 and @entity16898 3'UTR. In @entity2365 -stimulated atrial cardiomyocytes, @entity53507 up-regulation and @entity16898 down-regulation were observed, while expression of inflammatory cytokines was not altered. Inhibition of @entity53507 with antisense oligonucleotides reversed the alteration caused by @entity2365 stimulation. CONCLUSION: HFD may increase the vulnerability to @entity943 by down-regulation of @entity16898 via @entity53507 , rather than @entity82 , which is independent of @entity32 .

title: High-fat diet increases vulnerability to @entity943 by conduction disturbance via XXXX .

answer: @entity53507 :: (387221(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['miR-27b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) during high-resolution manometry (HRM) is increasingly utilized as provocative test to assess esophageal peristaltic reserve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between @entity1282 response and impedance and pH (MII-pH) parameters in endoscopy negative heartburn (ENH) @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled consecutive ENH @entity1 , who underwent HRM and MII-pH study, with a selected MII-pH profile: abnormal MII-pH (pH+/MII+); normal MII-pH (pH-/MII-). HRM was performed with 10 @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) and one @entity1282 . Mean distal contractile integral (DCI) during @entity1282 and @entity1282 were calculated. MII-pH parameters including acid exposure time (AET), reflux events, baseline impedance levels (BI) and the efficacy of chemical clearance evaluated with the postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index were measured. KEY RESULTS: We analyzed 103 @entity1 : 49 MII+/pH+ (27 male), and 54 MII-/pH- (19 male). Mean age was similar between the two groups. As expected, mean AET and number of refluxes were higher in pH+/MII+ (p < 0.05). HRM was normal in all selected @entity1 . Mean DCI- @entity1282 was similar between two groups (p = n.s.). Mean DCI- @entity1282 - was higher in MII-/pH- vs MII+/pH+ (p < 0.05). The increase in DCI- @entity1282 was inversely correlated with AET (-0.699; p < 0.001) and directly correlated with BI values (0.631; p < 0.001) and PSPW index (0.626; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Following @entity1282 , @entity1 with abnormal impedance-pH test showed suboptimal contraction response as compared with those with normal impedance-pH test. Moreover, @entity1282 response was inversely correlated with AET and directly correlated with BI values and PSPW index.

title: Vigor of peristalsis during multiple rapid swallows is inversely correlated with acid exposure time in XXXX with NERD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple rapid swallowing', 'WS', 'MRS', 'wet swallows']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the prevalence and  significant morbidity resulting from @entity172 receptor positive (ER(+)) @entity0 , there are only a few models of this @entity5 subtype available for drug development and arguably none for studying etiology. Those models that do exist have questionable clinical relevance. Given our goal of developing luminal models, we focused on six cell lines derived by minimal mutagenesis from normal @entity1 breast cells, and asked if any could generate clinically relevant xenografts, which we then extensively characterized. Xenografts of one cell line, 184AA3, consistently formed ER(+) @entity420 that had a high proliferative rate and other features consistent with "luminal B" intrinsic subtype. Squamous and spindle cell/mesenchymal differentiation was absent, in stark contrast to other cell lines that we examined or others have reported. We explored intratumoral heterogeneity produced by 184AA3 by immunophenotyping xenograft @entity5 and cultured cells, and characterized marker expression by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. A @entity1759 (High)  subpopulation was discovered, yet their @entity5 forming ability was far less than @entity1759 (Low)  cells. Single cell cloning revealed the phenotypic plasticity of 184AA3, consistent with the intratumoral heterogeneity observed in xenografts. Characterization of ER expression in cultures revealed ER protein and signaling is intact, yet when @entity172 was depleted in culture, and  in vivo, it did not impact cell or @entity5 growth, analogous to therapeutically resistant ER(+)  @entity5 . This model is appropriate for studies of the etiology of ovarian hormone independent @entity420 , for identification of therapeutic targets, predictive testing, and drug development.

title: 184AA3: a xenograft model of ER(+) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The study aimed to explore the changes of the immunocyte quantities and @entity137 in bone marrow, and how many @entity1583 progenitor cells retained after the bone marrow cells were activated by different combinations of various cytokines. Bone marrow cells were divided into four groups and were cultured in vitro: (1) Control: no cytokines were added. (2) @entity1199 group: bone marrow cells were activated by @entity1199 . (3) CD3-AK group: bone marrow cells were activated by @entity1199 and CD3-McAb. (4) CIK group: @entity379 , @entity1192 , @entity1199 and CD3-McAb were added. CFU-GM assay and CD3 phenotype detection were performed before and after activating culture in all groups. The changes of cell quantities during culture and @entity137 of cultured cells were tested. CD3 positive cells markedly increased in both CD3-AK and CIK groups. The cell numbers and @entity137 of CD3-AK and CIK groups were higher than those of control or @entity1199 group obviously after culture (P < 0.05). CFU-GM were decreased in all groups after culture and there had no significant difference among four groups. The combination of @entity1199 and CD3-McAb not only stimulates the proliferation of marrow immunocytes and increases their @entity137 but retains enough @entity1583 progenitor cells as well. This combination of cytokines can be used to purge autologous bone marrow in vitro.

title: [Activation and XXXX of Bone Marrow Immunocytes by Using Various Cytokines]

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To highlight the various causes of gaze-evoked @entity1939 . DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. @entity1 : Five @entity1 treated at our facility over the past 6 years. METHODS: Clinical presentation, radiologic studies, surgical management, and postsurgical results are presented. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, clinical findings of gaze-evoked @entity1939 . RESULTS: Only two @entity1 had classic intraorbital etiologies, one with an intraconal @entity2477 and one with an intraconal foreign body. Three @entity1 had extraorbital processes, two with @entity8924 and one with a @entity5 . Only two of our @entity1 initially were aware of the gaze-evoked @entity1939 at presentation. Appropriate surgery was curative in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Gaze-evoked @entity1939 is a rare condition, classically implicating intraconal orbital pathology. In one of the largest case series published to date, we found extraorbital etiologies are also capable of producing gaze-evoked @entity1018 . Gaze-evoked @entity1939 should be suspected and tested for in any orbital condition.

title: Gaze-evoked XXXX : a report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tumor']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['amaurosis']


abstract: A prospective study was carried out in the department of otolaryngology-Head _ Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Bangladesh Medical college Hospital, Dhaka. From January, 2007 to January, 2009 to compare between @entity162 and Cold Dissection Tonsillectomy. Two hundred @entity1 were divided equally into two groups- @entity162 and cold dissection tonsillectomy. The two groups were compared in age and sex distribution but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. Operative time, operative @entity190 , @entity282 , diet intake, activity level and complications were compared in the two groups. Operative time and @entity190 was significantly less in the diathermy group which was highly significant (p<0.001). No significant difference (p>0.05) in the @entity282 was observed. Percentage of normal diet taken was higher in the diathermy group on the 1st day and lower on the 7th day while the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). No significant difference (p>0.05) was noted between the two groups in terms of postoperative activity and postoperative @entity190 . Operative @entity190 _ time was significantly less in @entity162 . So it is a safe technique and can be used safely with less morbidity _ complication.

title: Comparison between XXXX and cold dissection tonsillectomy.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy', 'Bipolar Diathermy Tonsillectomy']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate pathways involving beta-3 adrenergic receptors (ARs) in detrusor overactivity induced by cold stress, we determined if the beta-3 AR agonist @entity20105 could modulate the cold stress-induced detrusor overactivity in normal @entity35 . METHODS: Two   days prior to cystometric investigations, the bladders of 10-week-old female @entity35 were cannulated. Cystometric measurements of the unanesthetized, unrestricted @entity35 were taken to estimate baseline values at room temperature (RT, 27        2     C) for 20   min. They were then intravenously administered vehicle, 0.1, or 1.0   mg/kg @entity20105 (n   =   6 in each group). Five   minutes after the treatments, they were gently and quickly transferred to the low temperature (LT, 4        2     C) room for 40   min where the cystometric measurements were again made. Afterward, the @entity35 were returned to RT for final cystometric measurements. The cystometric effects of @entity20105 were also measured at RT (n   =   6 in each group). RESULTS: At RT, both low and high dose of @entity20105 decreased basal and micturition pressure while the high dose (1.0   mg/kg) significantly increased voiding interval and bladder capacity. During LT exposure, the high dose of @entity20105 partially reduced cold stress-induced detrusor overactivity characterized by increased basal pressure and urinary frequency. The high drug dose also significantly inhibited the decreases of both voiding interval and bladder capacity compared to the vehicle- and low dose (0.1   mg/kg)-treated @entity35 . CONCLUSION: A high dose of the beta-3 agonist @entity20105 could modulate cold stress-induced detrusor overactivity. Therefore, one of the mechanisms in cold stress-induced detrusor overactivity includes a pathway involving beta-3 ARs.

title: Pathways Involving Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptors Modulate Cold Stress-Induced Detrusor Overactivity in Conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Multiple studies have evaluated the use of @entity7856 inhibitors in penile rehabilitation following nerve-sparing prostatectomy. These studies have evaluated the use of various pharmacologic agents as well as various approaches to treatment (on-demand vs. rehabilitative). Most of these studies relied on self-reported outcomes to determine efficacy of the therapy which could allow response bias to affect their results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nightly @entity7855 therapy during penile rehabilitation, using @entity2003 (RigiScan(   ) , Gotop Medical, Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) in addition to the IIEF-EF. @entity1 with @entity263 and normal erectile function prior to nsRP were randomized to take either nightly 50  mg @entity7855 or placebo starting the night following surgery. Both groups were allowed on-demand @entity7855 . Erectile function was evaluated at 2  weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12  months post-operatively, with a final assessment made at 13  months, following a 1  month drug washout. At all time points, self-reported (IIEF-EF) and objective (RigiScan(   ) ) measures were obtained and evaluated. About 74 of 97 randomized @entity1 completed the study. On completion, 40% of @entity1 in each group had normal erectile function based on RigiScan(   ) (p  =  1.0). Additionally, no statistical differences were seen using the IIEF-EF domain (32.4% of placebo, 29% of treatment; p  =  0.79). Multivariable analysis showed no significant differences in erectile function based on treatment intervention. Results did show that African-American @entity1 in this cohort were at higher risk for lower RigiScan(   ) scores over time (OR: 0.48, p  =  0.0399). This study demonstrates that nightly @entity7855 does not provide a therapeutic benefit for recovery of erectile function post-prostatectomy when compared to on-demand dosing using both self-reported as well as objective measures. Differences in objective recovery parameters based on @entity1 ' race/ethnicity warrant further investigation.

title: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of on-Demand vs. nightly XXXX as assessed by Rigiscan and the international index of erectile function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal penile rigidity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil citrate']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil citrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore @entity1 's accounts of their experiences of the UK's largest @entity28 programme, @entity32799 (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition   Do it!) (See www.mendprogramme.org). DESIGN: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with @entity1 who had completed the @entity32799 @entity28 programme. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). METHOD: Fourteen @entity1 spanning diverse areas of London comprised this study (eight male, six female), aged between 11 and 14  years and in secondary school. @entity1 were interviewed a year after completing one of the London-based @entity32799 @entity28 programmes. RESULTS: This article focuses on the most common and striking theme to emerge from the original dataset (The complete analysis may be found in L. Watson, Unpublished doctoral thesis): Fun. Subthemes were: 'going with the flow'; active participation in activities that led to new experiences ('actually doing it' - seeing the fun side); the importance of others in the experience of fun ('you do games in unity' - 'it's not as fun on your own'). CONCLUSION: @entity1 have fun when engaged in interactive and varied activities with opportunity for individual feedback and improvement. When designing @entity28 programmes, conditions that optimise @entity1 's experience of fun should be emphasised over didactic and risk-heavy information pertaining to @entity28 . Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Continued growth in @entity28 and its associated health problems, psychological effects, and economic @entity5516 tackling @entity28 a public health priority. Multicomponent lifestyle interventions to treat @entity28 within the community have been shown to reduce overweight and @entity28 from pre- to post-treatment, increase self-esteem, and are found to be acceptable by parents. @entity32799 is the most widely disseminated evidence-based programme of this kind in the United Kingdom. What does this study add? This study is the first qualitative study to explore the @entity1 's experience of attending @entity32799 . The post-treatment maintenance period, where most behaviour change is consolidated (or not), is also captured in this study, with @entity1 interviewed at least 1  year post-treatment. Findings unearthed an unexpected and strong theme - that of 'fun' - integral to their experience during their time at @entity32799 . Optimizing conditions for fun is imperative to @entity1 's (and adults'?) engagement with, and maintenance of, healthy lifestyle activities.

title: Kids just wanna have fun: XXXX 's experiences of a weight management programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['burden make']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: AIM: To examine the relationships between maternal @entity4051 c concentration at different time points and birth weight in pregnancies complicated by pre-existing @entity164 1 @entity6 . METHODS: A comprehensive audit dataset was collected prospectively on all deliveries in Scotland to @entity1 with pre-existing @entity164 1 @entity6 occurring between 1 April 1998 and 31 March 1999. Data items included @entity4051 c concentrations prior to conception and in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy, and birth weight. Relationships between standardized birth weight and HbA1c concentrations at each of the four time points were examined using correlation analysis. RESULTS: Standardized birth weight (Z scores) could be calculated for 203 of 208 singleton liveborn @entity1 . HbA1c concentrations, standardized to correct for assay differences among hospitals, at different time points were available for between 134 (pre-pregnancy) and 192 (third trimester) cases. Standardized birth weight, relative to a reference population, showed a unimodal distribution, shifted to the right (mean, +1.57 sd). There was a significant negative correlation between pre-pregnancy @entity4051 c and birth weight (Spearman's R, -0.208; P = 0.016). There were no statistically significant correlations for other time points. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized birth weight scores of the @entity1 of @entity6 mothers are higher than those of a reference population. There is no simple relationship between maternal glycaemic status and birth weight, but there appears to be a paradoxical inverse relationship between pre-pregnancy glycaemic control and standardized birth weight.

title: The relationship between birth weight and maternal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration in pregnancies complicated by XXXX 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']