abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity174 in @entity1 with mild asymptomatic @entity459 and to ascertain whether this prevalence is increased in comparison with the rate in a retrospective control group previously studied at the same institution or with current estimates of the risk for @entity174 in subjects of similar age. DESIGN: Prospectively collected data were retrospectively analyzed and compared with data from a historical control group at the same institution and with published data. SETTING: The outpatient department of a bone and mineral metabolism clinic. @entity1 : A consecutive series of @entity1 with mild asymptomatic @entity459 diagnosed between 1 January 1976 and 31 December 1985. Criteria for inclusion in the study were the absence of symptoms due to @entity2742 , no current @entity8 , no radiographic evidence of @entity13709 , a serum @entity460 level of less than 3.00 mmol/L, a serum @entity1011 level of less than 133 mumol/L, and a forearm bone density value not more than 2.5 standard deviations below the age-, sex-, and race-adjusted normal value. INTERVENTIONS: A conservative nonintervention study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity174 in 174 @entity1 (mean age, 62 years) with mild asymptomatic @entity459 was 1.7%; in a subset of white @entity1 , the prevalence was 2.8%. These rates were not higher than those expected, by comparison with the rate in a retrospective control group or with the risk for @entity174 in subjects of similar age, and may even be lower. CONCLUSIONS: The risk for @entity174 is not increased in @entity1 with mild asymptomatic @entity459 and is not a reason to recommend surgical intervention in asymptomatic @entity1 . The increased rates of @entity174 that occurred in other series are probably due to the use of inappropriate controls and the influence of referral or selection bias, the inclusion of @entity1 with severer disease, and the effect of geographic differences in @entity560 nutrition on the expression of disease. Possible differences between lateral spine and lateral chest radiographs for determining vertebral body shape need further study.

title: Mild asymptomatic XXXX is not a risk factor for @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stone disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity13709 :: ('MESH:D005357', 'Disease') :: ['osteitis fibrosa']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity174 in @entity1 with mild asymptomatic @entity459 and to ascertain whether this prevalence is increased in comparison with the rate in a retrospective control group previously studied at the same institution or with current estimates of the risk for @entity174 in subjects of similar age. DESIGN: Prospectively collected data were retrospectively analyzed and compared with data from a historical control group at the same institution and with published data. SETTING: The outpatient department of a bone and mineral metabolism clinic. @entity1 : A consecutive series of @entity1 with mild asymptomatic @entity459 diagnosed between 1 January 1976 and 31 December 1985. Criteria for inclusion in the study were the absence of symptoms due to @entity2742 , no current @entity8 , no radiographic evidence of @entity13709 , a serum @entity460 level of less than 3.00 mmol/L, a serum @entity1011 level of less than 133 mumol/L, and a forearm bone density value not more than 2.5 standard deviations below the age-, sex-, and race-adjusted normal value. INTERVENTIONS: A conservative nonintervention study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity174 in 174 @entity1 (mean age, 62 years) with mild asymptomatic @entity459 was 1.7%; in a subset of white @entity1 , the prevalence was 2.8%. These rates were not higher than those expected, by comparison with the rate in a retrospective control group or with the risk for @entity174 in subjects of similar age, and may even be lower. CONCLUSIONS: The risk for @entity174 is not increased in @entity1 with mild asymptomatic @entity459 and is not a reason to recommend surgical intervention in asymptomatic @entity1 . The increased rates of @entity174 that occurred in other series are probably due to the use of inappropriate controls and the influence of referral or selection bias, the inclusion of @entity1 with severer disease, and the effect of geographic differences in @entity560 nutrition on the expression of disease. Possible differences between lateral spine and lateral chest radiographs for determining vertebral body shape need further study.

title: Mild asymptomatic @entity459 is not a risk factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The platinum-containing combination chemotherapy has been proved to be benefit to the @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Compared with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens, carboplatin-based regimens result in longer survival time and less @entity137 , despite of lower response rate. In the palliative treatment setting, less @entity137 and longer survival may be more significant than response rate. So we choose the carboplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens as our study objects. To compare the efficacy and @entity137 of two carboplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens: paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen(PC) vs ifosfamide, etoposide, and carboplatin regimen(IEC). METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this study, 35 @entity1 received PC regimen and 33 received IEC regimen. @entity1 in both groups were well-matched with baseline disease characteristics(P > 0.05). RESULTS: In PC group, the response rate was 40.0% (14/35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.8%-56.2%) (14 PR, 19 NC, 2 @entity1726 ). Whereas in group IEC, the response rate was 21.2% (7/33, 95% CI: 7.3%-35.1%) (7 PR, 24 NC, 2 @entity1726 ). The median survival and 1-year survival rate were 9.1 months (95% CI: 7.2-11.0 months) and 25.7% (95% CI: 11.2%-40.2%) for group PC versus 7.8 months (95% CI: 6.2-9.4 months) and 20.0% (95% CI: 6.0%-34.0%) for group IEC. The better response rate, 1-year survival rate, and the longer median survival seen in the group PC were not statistically significant (for response rate, P = 0.094, Chi-square test; for overall survival, P = 0.684, Log-rank test). The hematologic @entity137 , especially @entity1431 (P < 0.0005, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and @entity417 (P = 0.006, Wilcoxon rank sum test) were less pronounced in group PC; @entity811 and fever were pronounced more in group IEC, whereas @entity56 was more in group PC, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P > 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test); Other @entity137 were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with IEC regimen, PC regimen result in less hematologic @entity137 in the @entity1 with advanced NSCLC, Although whether its efficacy was better should be confirmed by well-controlled randomized clinical trials with more @entity1 .

title: [Comparison of paclitaxel and carboplatin versus ifosfamide, etoposide, and carboplatin regimen for treatment of @entity1 with advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The platinum-containing combination chemotherapy has been proved to be benefit to the @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Compared with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens, carboplatin-based regimens result in longer survival time and less @entity137 , despite of lower response rate. In the palliative treatment setting, less @entity137 and longer survival may be more significant than response rate. So we choose the carboplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens as our study objects. To compare the efficacy and @entity137 of two carboplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens: paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen(PC) vs ifosfamide, etoposide, and carboplatin regimen(IEC). METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this study, 35 @entity1 received PC regimen and 33 received IEC regimen. @entity1 in both groups were well-matched with baseline disease characteristics(P > 0.05). RESULTS: In PC group, the response rate was 40.0% (14/35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.8%-56.2%) (14 PR, 19 NC, 2 @entity1726 ). Whereas in group IEC, the response rate was 21.2% (7/33, 95% CI: 7.3%-35.1%) (7 PR, 24 NC, 2 @entity1726 ). The median survival and 1-year survival rate were 9.1 months (95% CI: 7.2-11.0 months) and 25.7% (95% CI: 11.2%-40.2%) for group PC versus 7.8 months (95% CI: 6.2-9.4 months) and 20.0% (95% CI: 6.0%-34.0%) for group IEC. The better response rate, 1-year survival rate, and the longer median survival seen in the group PC were not statistically significant (for response rate, P = 0.094, Chi-square test; for overall survival, P = 0.684, Log-rank test). The hematologic @entity137 , especially @entity1431 (P < 0.0005, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and @entity417 (P = 0.006, Wilcoxon rank sum test) were less pronounced in group PC; @entity811 and fever were pronounced more in group IEC, whereas @entity56 was more in group PC, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P > 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test); Other @entity137 were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with IEC regimen, PC regimen result in less hematologic @entity137 in the @entity1 with advanced NSCLC, Although whether its efficacy was better should be confirmed by well-controlled randomized clinical trials with more @entity1 .

title: [Comparison of paclitaxel and carboplatin versus ifosfamide, etoposide, and carboplatin regimen for treatment of XXXX with advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) are rare, representing only 7-15% of @entity7026 . The concentration of eloquent neurological structures and the high rate of @entity548 presentation of @entity2758 in this location complicate the management of such lesions. New therapeutic options, especially in endovascular therapy, have fundamentally modified the treatment strategy and also the outcome of posterior fossa @entity2758 . Between 1999 and 2013, baseline, clinical and angiographic data of @entity7026 were prospectively collected. We analyzed data from @entity1 treated for a posterior fossa @entity2758 , focusing on risk factors for @entity548 , and clinical and angiographic outcomes. Sixty-nine @entity1 (mean age 34years, male to female ratio 2:1) were consecutively treated for an infratentorial @entity2758 . Fifty-seven presented with @entity548 , six with focal @entity51 , and the remaining six @entity1 were diagnosed incidentally. The Spetzler-Martin grade was <3 in 39 (56.5%) @entity1 . Associated @entity439 were noted in 43.5% of @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated using endovascular procedures, associated with microsurgical resection in nine @entity1 and with stereotactic radiosurgery in six. Mean follow-up was 28.5months, with angiographic exclusion of the @entity2758 in 72.5% of @entity1 ; 21.7% of @entity1 presented a modified Rankin Score    3 at follow-up. Endovascular embolization seems to be a secure approach for posterior fossa @entity2758 although a large number of sessions are necessary to achieve complete obliteration. Multi-disciplinary discussion and management is crucial to obtain the best cure rate without increasing procedural risks.

title: Endovascular treatment of posterior fossa XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral AVM']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['Infratentorial arteriovenous malformations', 'AVM']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: The @entity1 with @entity2 usually have high telomerase activity, the pseudopositive result is happen frequently when the test is done with traditional method. Telomerase activity is more strongly correlated with @entity2215 mRNA. This study was designed to detect the expression of telomerase @entity2215 gene in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of the @entity1 with @entity2 by relative quantitative RT-PCR method, to afford a useful tool for early and differentiate diagnosis of @entity2 . METHOD: The exfoliated cells in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid from 20 @entity1 @entity2 and 10 health @entity1 were analyzed for @entity2215 expression by relative quantitative RT-PCR method, in the same time a part of exfoliated cells were detected with pathologic method. After operation, pathologic detection was performed for all samples. RESULTS: Of 20 @entity1 @entity2 and, 19 @entity1 were @entity2 , 1 @entity1 was @entity6437 in pathological diagnosis after operation. The relative expression of telomerase @entity2215 gene in 16 cases of 19 @entity1 with @entity2 were detected with the relative quantitative RT-PCR, the positive rate is 84.2% (16/19), the expressions of telomerase @entity2215 gene were at various quantities, average levels is 0.42. The positive rate in exfoliated cells detected with pathologic method were 57.9% (11/19). There was a statistical difference between them(P < 0.01). Ten normal @entity1 were @entity2215 gene expression negative. CONCLUSIONS: Relative quantitative RT-PCR were more sensitive than cell morphologic method in detecting telomerase @entity2215 gene expression in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of @entity1 with @entity2 . Detecting quantitatively the levels of telomerase @entity2215 gene expression in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid will may be useful for early and differentiate @entity2 , especially for @entity2 .

title: [Detection of telomerase XXXX gene expression of exfoliated cell in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'diagnosis of lung carcinomas', 'lung carcinomas', 'lung carcinoma', 'suspicion lung carcinomas', 'peripheral lung carcinomas']

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['hTERT']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The gap junction plays an important role in the exchange of nutrients, ions, and regulatory molecules between cells. It will result in an uncontrolled cell proliferation if it is abnormal. It was reported that some @entity5 tissues and @entity5 cells had abnormal gap junction and restoration of the gap junction function could revert the @entity5 cells to a normal phenotype. Therefore, to investigate the expression of connexin(cx) in @entity1 @entity189 , may provide a new way for clinical diagnosis and the pathogenesis of @entity189 . METHOD: The expressions of @entity495 and @entity28292 in the biopsies of @entity189 ( @entity11408 ) and chronic @entity11266 tissues were determined by using the immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: 1. @entity495 and @entity28292 expressed differentially in @entity11408 and chronic @entity11266 tissues(P < 0.01). In @entity11408 , expression of @entity495 and @entity28292 were 44.8% and 46.6%, respectively, while in columnar cells of chronic @entity11266 tissues, their expressions were 86.5% and 100% respectively, which were higher than those in @entity11408 , 2. The percentage in squamous epithelial cells of chronic @entity11266 tissues was 29.7%, which was lower than that in @entity11408 , (56.9%). 3. The expressions of @entity495 and @entity28292 in paracancer columnar epithelial cells were lower than that in paracancer squamous epithelial cells (P < 0.001), but higher than that in @entity11408 cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal expression of @entity495 and @entity28292 in nasopharynx tissues may be associated with cancerization and squamatization of @entity1 nasopharynx tissue.

title: [Expression of XXXX and @entity28292 in @entity189 ].

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity495 :: (2697,Gene) :: ['connexin43']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The gap junction plays an important role in the exchange of nutrients, ions, and regulatory molecules between cells. It will result in an uncontrolled cell proliferation if it is abnormal. It was reported that some @entity5 tissues and @entity5 cells had abnormal gap junction and restoration of the gap junction function could revert the @entity5 cells to a normal phenotype. Therefore, to investigate the expression of connexin(cx) in @entity1 @entity189 , may provide a new way for clinical diagnosis and the pathogenesis of @entity189 . METHOD: The expressions of @entity495 and @entity28292 in the biopsies of @entity189 ( @entity11408 ) and chronic @entity11266 tissues were determined by using the immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: 1. @entity495 and @entity28292 expressed differentially in @entity11408 and chronic @entity11266 tissues(P < 0.01). In @entity11408 , expression of @entity495 and @entity28292 were 44.8% and 46.6%, respectively, while in columnar cells of chronic @entity11266 tissues, their expressions were 86.5% and 100% respectively, which were higher than those in @entity11408 , 2. The percentage in squamous epithelial cells of chronic @entity11266 tissues was 29.7%, which was lower than that in @entity11408 , (56.9%). 3. The expressions of @entity495 and @entity28292 in paracancer columnar epithelial cells were lower than that in paracancer squamous epithelial cells (P < 0.001), but higher than that in @entity11408 cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal expression of @entity495 and @entity28292 in nasopharynx tissues may be associated with cancerization and squamatization of @entity1 nasopharynx tissue.

title: [Expression of @entity495 and XXXX in @entity189 ].

answer: @entity28292 :: (10052,Gene) :: ['connexin45']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The gap junction plays an important role in the exchange of nutrients, ions, and regulatory molecules between cells. It will result in an uncontrolled cell proliferation if it is abnormal. It was reported that some @entity5 tissues and @entity5 cells had abnormal gap junction and restoration of the gap junction function could revert the @entity5 cells to a normal phenotype. Therefore, to investigate the expression of connexin(cx) in @entity1 @entity189 , may provide a new way for clinical diagnosis and the pathogenesis of @entity189 . METHOD: The expressions of @entity495 and @entity28292 in the biopsies of @entity189 ( @entity11408 ) and chronic @entity11266 tissues were determined by using the immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: 1. @entity495 and @entity28292 expressed differentially in @entity11408 and chronic @entity11266 tissues(P < 0.01). In @entity11408 , expression of @entity495 and @entity28292 were 44.8% and 46.6%, respectively, while in columnar cells of chronic @entity11266 tissues, their expressions were 86.5% and 100% respectively, which were higher than those in @entity11408 , 2. The percentage in squamous epithelial cells of chronic @entity11266 tissues was 29.7%, which was lower than that in @entity11408 , (56.9%). 3. The expressions of @entity495 and @entity28292 in paracancer columnar epithelial cells were lower than that in paracancer squamous epithelial cells (P < 0.001), but higher than that in @entity11408 cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal expression of @entity495 and @entity28292 in nasopharynx tissues may be associated with cancerization and squamatization of @entity1 nasopharynx tissue.

title: [Expression of @entity495 and @entity28292 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Fragile @entity3793 triad( @entity21900 ), a @entity5 suppressor candidate gene, encompasses @entity21900 , a common region with the highest fragility in the @entity1 genome, and is altered in a large number of @entity1 @entity5 , particularly those of epithelial cell origin and associated with known carcinogenic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity21900 protein, @entity21900 and the possible relationship between @entity21900 expression and clinicopathological indices in @entity0 . METHODS: @entity21900 protein expression in 66 cases of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity0 composed of 6 in situ and 60 @entity513 were detected with @entity1792 -microwave-Streptavidin-HRP(SP) immunohistochemical method, using rabbit antibody to @entity1 @entity21900 gene protein and relationships to invasion and lymphatic @entity3 were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (57.6%) cases of @entity189 showed a marked loss or absence of @entity21900 expression compared with the adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues, in which 22 cases were negative. The remain 18 (27.3%) showed stronger than, and 10 (15.2%) equal to the @entity21900 expression of the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. The lower expression of @entity21900 was found in 20/24(83.3%) cases with local or axillary lymphatic @entity3 , and in 18/36 (50%) cases without @entity3 in the @entity513 . @entity21900 expression was determined in all 6 cases of @entity3821 did not show lower than non-cancerous tissue. There was a significant difference in the expression of @entity21900 between the @entity0 with and without lymphatic @entity3 , both in @entity513 (P < 0.01) and in @entity513 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity21900 is associated with invasion and @entity3 of @entity5 in @entity0 . It is suggested that decreased @entity21900 expression may play an important role in the development and progression of the @entity5 , and thus may become a new prognostic marker for @entity0 .

title: [Loss of fragile XXXX triad expression and @entity3 in @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['in situ ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3793 :: (CHEBI:27570,Chemical) :: ['histidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Fragile @entity3793 triad( @entity21900 ), a @entity5 suppressor candidate gene, encompasses @entity21900 , a common region with the highest fragility in the @entity1 genome, and is altered in a large number of @entity1 @entity5 , particularly those of epithelial cell origin and associated with known carcinogenic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity21900 protein, @entity21900 and the possible relationship between @entity21900 expression and clinicopathological indices in @entity0 . METHODS: @entity21900 protein expression in 66 cases of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity0 composed of 6 in situ and 60 @entity513 were detected with @entity1792 -microwave-Streptavidin-HRP(SP) immunohistochemical method, using rabbit antibody to @entity1 @entity21900 gene protein and relationships to invasion and lymphatic @entity3 were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (57.6%) cases of @entity189 showed a marked loss or absence of @entity21900 expression compared with the adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues, in which 22 cases were negative. The remain 18 (27.3%) showed stronger than, and 10 (15.2%) equal to the @entity21900 expression of the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. The lower expression of @entity21900 was found in 20/24(83.3%) cases with local or axillary lymphatic @entity3 , and in 18/36 (50%) cases without @entity3 in the @entity513 . @entity21900 expression was determined in all 6 cases of @entity3821 did not show lower than non-cancerous tissue. There was a significant difference in the expression of @entity21900 between the @entity0 with and without lymphatic @entity3 , both in @entity513 (P < 0.01) and in @entity513 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity21900 is associated with invasion and @entity3 of @entity5 in @entity0 . It is suggested that decreased @entity21900 expression may play an important role in the development and progression of the @entity5 , and thus may become a new prognostic marker for @entity0 .

title: [Loss of fragile @entity3793 triad expression and XXXX in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Fragile @entity3793 triad( @entity21900 ), a @entity5 suppressor candidate gene, encompasses @entity21900 , a common region with the highest fragility in the @entity1 genome, and is altered in a large number of @entity1 @entity5 , particularly those of epithelial cell origin and associated with known carcinogenic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity21900 protein, @entity21900 and the possible relationship between @entity21900 expression and clinicopathological indices in @entity0 . METHODS: @entity21900 protein expression in 66 cases of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity0 composed of 6 in situ and 60 @entity513 were detected with @entity1792 -microwave-Streptavidin-HRP(SP) immunohistochemical method, using rabbit antibody to @entity1 @entity21900 gene protein and relationships to invasion and lymphatic @entity3 were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (57.6%) cases of @entity189 showed a marked loss or absence of @entity21900 expression compared with the adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues, in which 22 cases were negative. The remain 18 (27.3%) showed stronger than, and 10 (15.2%) equal to the @entity21900 expression of the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. The lower expression of @entity21900 was found in 20/24(83.3%) cases with local or axillary lymphatic @entity3 , and in 18/36 (50%) cases without @entity3 in the @entity513 . @entity21900 expression was determined in all 6 cases of @entity3821 did not show lower than non-cancerous tissue. There was a significant difference in the expression of @entity21900 between the @entity0 with and without lymphatic @entity3 , both in @entity513 (P < 0.01) and in @entity513 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity21900 is associated with invasion and @entity3 of @entity5 in @entity0 . It is suggested that decreased @entity21900 expression may play an important role in the development and progression of the @entity5 , and thus may become a new prognostic marker for @entity0 .

title: [Loss of fragile @entity3793 triad expression and @entity3 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1893 are one of the most commonly occurring @entity5 in the age groups heavily represented in the U.S. Navy. The Navy has a wide range of potential occupational exposures. This study was initiated to identify any occupational associations of @entity1893 that may adversely affect naval readiness. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of @entity1893 in U.S. Navy active duty enlisted personnel during the period 1974-1983 with the general U.S. population, and to assess if risk varied by naval occupation or length of service. The Naval Health Research Center's computer-based disease registry was used to conduct a prospective study of all white U.S. Navy enlisted @entity1 during 1974-1983 to test for the existence of any short-term risk possibly due to occupation. @entity1 in 80 occupations, ranging from clerk to journalist to machinist and boiler operator were observed for 3,704,864 @entity1 -years; mean length of service was 5.1 yr, but 19% of @entity1 -years were contributed by @entity1 who had served at least 11 yr. Incident cases of @entity1893 were identified and verified using Medical Board findings or review of original medical records. Average annual age-specific and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Examination of pathology records and medical review boards confirmed 68 cases of @entity1893 . The annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 @entity1 -years in Navy @entity1 was significantly lower than in the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population, probably due to screening and other selection factors associated with Navy service that result in a healthy worker effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in U.S. Navy personnel.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the present study was to estimate the clinical effectiveness of @entity419 -PET/CT in the detection of the @entity5 in @entity1 with histologically proven @entity957 cervical lymph nodes @entity3 from an unknown primary. BACKGROUND: @entity419 positron emission tomography combined with CT ( @entity419 -PET/CT) is believed to be very helpful in localization of @entity5 in @entity751 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: 41 @entity1 referred to Poznan Medical University Department of Head and Neck Surgery from January 2010 to December 2013 with @entity751 were included in the study. All @entity1 presented fine-needle biopsy proven @entity957 @entity3 of the upper-, or mid neck lymph nodes. The final results were obtained from the histopathologic reports of tissue samples from anatomical regions suspected for @entity5 , additional imaging exams as well as clinical follow-up data. RESULTS: The @entity419 -PET/CT successfully detected @entity5 in 7 out of 41 @entity1 (17%). In two more cases the @entity5 was indicated in the lung. 24 of 41 @entity1 (58.5%) analyzed in our study remained without evidence of a @entity5 . In 4 cases (9.75%) we did not reveal any pathology within the localizations indicated by PET/CT on panendoscopy. In 4 cases we obtained histological confirmation of @entity5 on panendoscopy despite the negative results of PET/CT examinations. CONCLUSION: We may suppose a relatively high usefulness of @entity419 -PET/CT in the diagnosis process of @entity751 @entity1 . High NPV may indicate @entity1 with no symptoms of @entity5 , which allows to avoid extensive resection or extra imaging.

title: Carcinoma of unknown primary in the head and neck: The evaluation of the effectiveness of XXXX -PET/CT, own experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['CUP Syndrome']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: The protective effect of severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ) against left @entity715 formation has been well documented. It was also proposed that severe @entity339 may prevent @entity715 formation within the left ventricle (LV) with @entity299 . Therefore, we investigated whether ischemic @entity339 prevents @entity715 formation within the LV in @entity1 with @entity299 . The study population was comprised of 1313 @entity1 (1133 males, 180 females, age 56+/-18) with @entity1002 documented by coronary angiography and left ventriculography. None of the @entity1 had a history of chronic anticoagulation. Epicardial coronary arteries were normal in 91 @entity1 , and single-vessel, two-vessel, and @entity66 were detected in 328, 330, and 564 @entity1 , respectively. @entity1002 and severe @entity339 were detected in 191 (14.5%) and 125 (9.5%) @entity1 , respectively. Overall incidence of @entity5707 was lower in @entity1 with severe @entity339 than in @entity1 without severe @entity339 (4% vs 15.6%, OR: 0.2, P<0.001). Severe @entity339 compared with absence of severe @entity339 was associated with a lower incidence of @entity5707 both in @entity1 with @entity384 (6.8% vs 34.2%, OR: 0.19, P<0.001), and in @entity1 with @entity439 (3% vs 18%, OR: 0.14, P<0.0001) involving anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. A similar trend without statistical significance was also observed in @entity1 with @entity910 (4.7% vs 16%, OR: 0.26, P=0.1) related to anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. However, @entity339 had no impact on the incidence of @entity5707 in @entity1 with @entity439 or @entity910 related to posterior and/or inferior segments (3.7% vs 3%, OR: 1.2, P>0.05). In conclusion, severe @entity339 seems to prevent LV mural @entity715 formation in @entity1 with @entity384 , and in @entity1 with @entity439 related to anterolateral, septal, and/or apical LV segments. This relative risk reduction may be associated with diastolic volume overloading due to severe @entity339 which may overcome stagnation and a procoagulant state within the LV with severe @entity299 .

title: Severe XXXX may prevent mural @entity715 formation within the left ventricle with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV thrombus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial thrombus', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic LV dysfunction', 'Left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: The protective effect of severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ) against left @entity715 formation has been well documented. It was also proposed that severe @entity339 may prevent @entity715 formation within the left ventricle (LV) with @entity299 . Therefore, we investigated whether ischemic @entity339 prevents @entity715 formation within the LV in @entity1 with @entity299 . The study population was comprised of 1313 @entity1 (1133 males, 180 females, age 56+/-18) with @entity1002 documented by coronary angiography and left ventriculography. None of the @entity1 had a history of chronic anticoagulation. Epicardial coronary arteries were normal in 91 @entity1 , and single-vessel, two-vessel, and @entity66 were detected in 328, 330, and 564 @entity1 , respectively. @entity1002 and severe @entity339 were detected in 191 (14.5%) and 125 (9.5%) @entity1 , respectively. Overall incidence of @entity5707 was lower in @entity1 with severe @entity339 than in @entity1 without severe @entity339 (4% vs 15.6%, OR: 0.2, P<0.001). Severe @entity339 compared with absence of severe @entity339 was associated with a lower incidence of @entity5707 both in @entity1 with @entity384 (6.8% vs 34.2%, OR: 0.19, P<0.001), and in @entity1 with @entity439 (3% vs 18%, OR: 0.14, P<0.0001) involving anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. A similar trend without statistical significance was also observed in @entity1 with @entity910 (4.7% vs 16%, OR: 0.26, P=0.1) related to anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. However, @entity339 had no impact on the incidence of @entity5707 in @entity1 with @entity439 or @entity910 related to posterior and/or inferior segments (3.7% vs 3%, OR: 1.2, P>0.05). In conclusion, severe @entity339 seems to prevent LV mural @entity715 formation in @entity1 with @entity384 , and in @entity1 with @entity439 related to anterolateral, septal, and/or apical LV segments. This relative risk reduction may be associated with diastolic volume overloading due to severe @entity339 which may overcome stagnation and a procoagulant state within the LV with severe @entity299 .

title: Severe @entity339 may prevent mural @entity715 formation within the left ventricle with XXXX .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['systolic dysfunction']


abstract: The protective effect of severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ) against left @entity715 formation has been well documented. It was also proposed that severe @entity339 may prevent @entity715 formation within the left ventricle (LV) with @entity299 . Therefore, we investigated whether ischemic @entity339 prevents @entity715 formation within the LV in @entity1 with @entity299 . The study population was comprised of 1313 @entity1 (1133 males, 180 females, age 56+/-18) with @entity1002 documented by coronary angiography and left ventriculography. None of the @entity1 had a history of chronic anticoagulation. Epicardial coronary arteries were normal in 91 @entity1 , and single-vessel, two-vessel, and @entity66 were detected in 328, 330, and 564 @entity1 , respectively. @entity1002 and severe @entity339 were detected in 191 (14.5%) and 125 (9.5%) @entity1 , respectively. Overall incidence of @entity5707 was lower in @entity1 with severe @entity339 than in @entity1 without severe @entity339 (4% vs 15.6%, OR: 0.2, P<0.001). Severe @entity339 compared with absence of severe @entity339 was associated with a lower incidence of @entity5707 both in @entity1 with @entity384 (6.8% vs 34.2%, OR: 0.19, P<0.001), and in @entity1 with @entity439 (3% vs 18%, OR: 0.14, P<0.0001) involving anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. A similar trend without statistical significance was also observed in @entity1 with @entity910 (4.7% vs 16%, OR: 0.26, P=0.1) related to anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. However, @entity339 had no impact on the incidence of @entity5707 in @entity1 with @entity439 or @entity910 related to posterior and/or inferior segments (3.7% vs 3%, OR: 1.2, P>0.05). In conclusion, severe @entity339 seems to prevent LV mural @entity715 formation in @entity1 with @entity384 , and in @entity1 with @entity439 related to anterolateral, septal, and/or apical LV segments. This relative risk reduction may be associated with diastolic volume overloading due to severe @entity339 which may overcome stagnation and a procoagulant state within the LV with severe @entity299 .

title: Severe @entity339 may prevent mural XXXX formation within the left ventricle with @entity299 .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: @entity6446 remains comparatively rare, and is a non-hereditary cartilage @entity1141 of bone. It is usually associated with problems such as @entity174 . Three different methods were used in a one-hand of 15-year-old @entity1 reporting his @entity158 in the left hand and swellings. After the curettage of @entity5 , regarding as the differences of all parts of the bone structure reconstruction in the @entity1 's hand, we chose three following methods for this @entity1 , i.e. fixed by the locking plate with @entity78 cement, filled with allograft bone, curetted the @entity5 without any bone graft. After the surgery, the @entity1 was able to perform full motion of the operated hand. No evidence of recurrence was noted four years after surgery. To choose the different ways with bone grafts or not that relies on the @entity1 ' conditions for bone structure reconstruction. However, @entity1 with large osseous defects or pathological @entity174 , we demand full bone graft and reliable internal fixation. After surgery, early exercises can reach a desirable result and functional recovery.

title: Three different methods for treating XXXX in one hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'deformity and fracture']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ["Ollier's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity6446 :: (MESH:D004687,Disease) :: ['multiple enchondromatosis']


abstract: The flexible laryngeal mask airway (FLMA) is becoming more and more popular in general anesthesia during surgery of head, neck and upper chest. But very limited information has been published about whether muscle relaxant was necessary or not for anesthesia with FLMA. To investigate whether low-dose muscle relaxant is necessary in preventing ventilation leak of FLMA in radical mastectomy, forty-eight female @entity1 undergoing radical mastectomy were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into low-dose muscle relaxant (LD-MR) group and non-muscle relaxant (non-MR) group. All the included @entity1 received total intravenous anesthesia (with @entity1875 , @entity3575 and @entity1937 ) and controlled mechanical ventilation with FLMA during the surgery. @entity1 in LD-MR group received 0.4 mg/kg @entity2898 during anesthesia induction, while @entity1 in non-MR group received equivalent volumes of physiological saline. Insertion time was shorter in LD-MR group than that in non-MR group (P < 0.05). Peak airway pressures and ventilation leak volumes at 10, 20 and 30 minutes were lower in LD-MR group than those in non-MR group (P < 0.05). No difference was found between LD-MR and non-MR group in terms of emergence time, FLMA extraction time, and maximum tidal volumes before FLMA extraction. The results show that low-dose @entity2898 could reduce the ventilation leak for mechanical ventilation with FLMA during radical mastectomy without prolonging the emergence time.

title: Effect of low dose XXXX in preventing ventilation leak for flexible laryngeal mask airway during radical mastectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alternative therapies such as mega-dose vitamins and minerals are commonly used by @entity1 with @entity0 , but their effect on recurrence and survival have rarely been evaluated. METHODS: Survival and recurrence outcomes for 90 @entity1 with unilateral non-metastatic @entity0 diagnosed between 1989 and 1998, and who had been prescribed mega-doses of @entity2066 , @entity620 , @entity1670 , @entity4259 , @entity7447 , and @entity219 in addition to standard therapies were compared with matched controls. The 90 treated @entity1 were prescribed combinations from three to six of the vitamins and minerals listed above. The controls were matched (2:1) to the vitamin/mineral @entity1 for age at diagnosis, presence of axillary lymph node @entity3 , @entity5 stage, grade, @entity172 receptor status, year of diagnosis, and prescription of systemic therapy. All subjects were @entity1 of the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Centre. FINDINGS: Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 68 months (minimum 20 months, 133 months maximum). The vitamin/mineral @entity1 and controls were well matched. Two endpoints were considered. @entity0 -specific survival (p = 0.19) and disease-free survival (p = 0.08) times for the vitamin/mineral treated group were shorter, after adjusting for diagnostic variables using a Cox proportional hazards model. The hazard ratios for the @entity2221 /mineral treated group versus the control group were estimated at 1.75 (95% CI = 0.83-2.69) for disease-specific survival and 1.55 (95% CI = 0.94-2.54) for disease-free survival. Overall survival was similar for the two groups (log-rank test, p = 0.36). INTERPRETATION: @entity0 -specific survival and disease-free survival times were not improved for the vitamin/mineral treated group over those for the controls.

title: Mega-dose vitamins and minerals in the treatment of non-metastatic XXXX : an historical cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the subpubic arch angle, anal sphincter and perineal @entity130 , and anal @entity322 after childbirth in nulliparous @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. SAMPLE: One hundred thirty-four low risk nulliparous @entity1 . METHODS: Measurements of the bony pelvic outlet were made to calculate the subpubic arch angle. Endosonographic assessment of the perineum and anal sphincter was made before and after delivery. A specific bowel function questionnaire was completed before and after delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perineal and anal sphincter @entity130 , and deteriorating anal continence after delivery. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 with a subpubic arch angle of less than 90 degrees had significantly prolonged first and second stages of labour when compared with 102 @entity1 whose subpubic arch was wider. Following delivery, anal continence deteriorated in more @entity1 with a narrow subpubic angle (69% vs 21%, P < 0.001) but this was unrelated to the incidence of anal sphincter and perineal @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: A narrow subpubic arch is strongly associated with @entity1162 and postpartum anal @entity322 in nulliparous @entity1 . However, perineal and anal sphincter @entity130 , assessed by ultrasound, does not account for the higher rate of postpartum analincontinence in @entity1 with a narrow subpubic arch angle.

title: Influence of the subpubic arch angle on anal sphincter @entity130 and anal XXXX following childbirth.

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged labour']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the subpubic arch angle, anal sphincter and perineal @entity130 , and anal @entity322 after childbirth in nulliparous @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. SAMPLE: One hundred thirty-four low risk nulliparous @entity1 . METHODS: Measurements of the bony pelvic outlet were made to calculate the subpubic arch angle. Endosonographic assessment of the perineum and anal sphincter was made before and after delivery. A specific bowel function questionnaire was completed before and after delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perineal and anal sphincter @entity130 , and deteriorating anal continence after delivery. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 with a subpubic arch angle of less than 90 degrees had significantly prolonged first and second stages of labour when compared with 102 @entity1 whose subpubic arch was wider. Following delivery, anal continence deteriorated in more @entity1 with a narrow subpubic angle (69% vs 21%, P < 0.001) but this was unrelated to the incidence of anal sphincter and perineal @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: A narrow subpubic arch is strongly associated with @entity1162 and postpartum anal @entity322 in nulliparous @entity1 . However, perineal and anal sphincter @entity130 , assessed by ultrasound, does not account for the higher rate of postpartum analincontinence in @entity1 with a narrow subpubic arch angle.

title: Influence of the subpubic arch angle on anal sphincter XXXX and anal @entity322 following childbirth.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) injection during primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for @entity86 . METHODS: 100 cases of @entity1 admitted to our hospital and underwent primary unilateral @entity348 from January 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study and they were divided randomly into two groups. For the @entity928 group, 1 g @entity928 was dissolved in 50 ml 0.9% @entity2827 solution and injected after prosthesis implantation but before cavity close. Conventional drainage clamping was carried for 4 h and the drainage tube was removed 48 h postoperative. For the control group, similar measures were taken except for that no @entity928 was dissolved in 0.9% @entity2827 solution. Postoperative hemoglobin, @entity1003 index, total @entity190 volume, drainage volume, blood transfusion rate and lower extremity @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) rate in both groups were observed and the efficacy and safety of this surgical treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in operation time, postoperative platelet and APPT, D-dimer, lower limb @entity49 incidence rate 1 week after operation between the two groups. Postoperative drainage volume, hemoglobin, total @entity190 and blood transfusion rate in the @entity928 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Ecchymosis of lower extremity peripheral incision and its surroundings was significantly milder than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative intra-articular injection of @entity928 in @entity348 can significantly reduce the @entity86 and blood transfusion rate at the early stage after operation.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of intra-articular injection of @entity927 in XXXX operation with temporarily drainage close.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['initial postoperative hemorrhage', 'reducing postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) injection during primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for @entity86 . METHODS: 100 cases of @entity1 admitted to our hospital and underwent primary unilateral @entity348 from January 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study and they were divided randomly into two groups. For the @entity928 group, 1 g @entity928 was dissolved in 50 ml 0.9% @entity2827 solution and injected after prosthesis implantation but before cavity close. Conventional drainage clamping was carried for 4 h and the drainage tube was removed 48 h postoperative. For the control group, similar measures were taken except for that no @entity928 was dissolved in 0.9% @entity2827 solution. Postoperative hemoglobin, @entity1003 index, total @entity190 volume, drainage volume, blood transfusion rate and lower extremity @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) rate in both groups were observed and the efficacy and safety of this surgical treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in operation time, postoperative platelet and APPT, D-dimer, lower limb @entity49 incidence rate 1 week after operation between the two groups. Postoperative drainage volume, hemoglobin, total @entity190 and blood transfusion rate in the @entity928 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Ecchymosis of lower extremity peripheral incision and its surroundings was significantly milder than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative intra-articular injection of @entity928 in @entity348 can significantly reduce the @entity86 and blood transfusion rate at the early stage after operation.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of intra-articular injection of XXXX in @entity348 operation with temporarily drainage close.

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with domestic drug-eluting stents (DES) and off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease. METHODS: A total of 227 @entity1 with @entity453 and underwent revascularization was included. One hundred and six @entity1 were treated with PCI with domestic DES implantation and 121 @entity1 with off pump CABG. Clinical outcomes with respect to the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) including @entity204 any cause, non-fatal @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , and target vessel revascularization (TVR) during hospitalization and at 12-month follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the domestic DES and off pump CABG groups in the risk of @entity204 , non-fatal @entity583 , @entity64 , and TVR during hospitalization and at 12-month follow-up. Overall in-hospital MACCE in PCI versus CABG was 0.94% versus 5.78% (P<0.05). The overall MACCE at 12-month follow up in PCI versus CABG was in 3.77% versus 3.31% (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Domestic DES is feasible and safety in the treatment of @entity453 . When compared with off-pump CABG, domestic DES achieved similar completeness of revascularization, similar in-hospital and 12-month follow-up outcomes. A longer follow-up is needed.

title: Clinical comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with domestic drug-eluting stents versus off pump coronary artery bypass grafting in unprotected left main XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['ULMCA lesions', 'ULMCA disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Although the kidney is believed to play a minor role in @entity6741 (BA) excretion, @entity177 ( @entity177 ) has been reported to be accompanied by alterations in the BA balance. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in BA serum concentrations and @entity8 in @entity1 with different stage of @entity177 or after kidney transplantation and to elucidate whether these might play a role in the development of @entity111 , a common symptom in this disease. This study was carried out on 125 @entity1 . None of them had a history or signs of hepatobiliary malfunction. They belonged either to a control group (N = 31) or to one of the three following @entity177 groups: @entity1 maintained only on a low-protein diet (diet group, N = 23); the same, together with periodic sessions of hemodialysis (dialysis group, N = 42); and @entity1 who had undergone a kidney transplant more than 1 and less than 2 years before (transplanted group, N = 29). Serum and urine BA concentrations were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. @entity111 was quantified by means of a questionnaire answered at the time of sample collection. A marked @entity66748 together with a reduction in BA output into urine and profound alterations in the profiles of these compounds in both serum and urine in @entity1 with @entity177 were observed. The levels of total @entity7902 in serum, but not the proportions of molecular species, were corrected by hemodialysis. By contrast, kidney transplant reversed BA serum patterns to normality but, due to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 , total serum BA concentrations were consistently elevated in this group. @entity111 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity66748 , although no significant correlation between the degree of this symptom and the magnitude of the serum concentrations of total or individual @entity7902 were found. By contrast, in spite of @entity66748 , once renal function had been restored by kidney transplantation, none of the @entity1 suffered from @entity111 . These results suggest that the kidney plays an important role in determining the serum BA pool size and composition and that @entity66748 may be a contributing factor, but not the only one, determining the development of @entity111 in @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: XXXX -induced changes in serum and urine @entity6741 profiles.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretion', 'impaired kidney function']

entities_list: @entity66748 :: ('MESH:C564336', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholanemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Chronic renal failure']


abstract: Although the kidney is believed to play a minor role in @entity6741 (BA) excretion, @entity177 ( @entity177 ) has been reported to be accompanied by alterations in the BA balance. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in BA serum concentrations and @entity8 in @entity1 with different stage of @entity177 or after kidney transplantation and to elucidate whether these might play a role in the development of @entity111 , a common symptom in this disease. This study was carried out on 125 @entity1 . None of them had a history or signs of hepatobiliary malfunction. They belonged either to a control group (N = 31) or to one of the three following @entity177 groups: @entity1 maintained only on a low-protein diet (diet group, N = 23); the same, together with periodic sessions of hemodialysis (dialysis group, N = 42); and @entity1 who had undergone a kidney transplant more than 1 and less than 2 years before (transplanted group, N = 29). Serum and urine BA concentrations were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. @entity111 was quantified by means of a questionnaire answered at the time of sample collection. A marked @entity66748 together with a reduction in BA output into urine and profound alterations in the profiles of these compounds in both serum and urine in @entity1 with @entity177 were observed. The levels of total @entity7902 in serum, but not the proportions of molecular species, were corrected by hemodialysis. By contrast, kidney transplant reversed BA serum patterns to normality but, due to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 , total serum BA concentrations were consistently elevated in this group. @entity111 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity66748 , although no significant correlation between the degree of this symptom and the magnitude of the serum concentrations of total or individual @entity7902 were found. By contrast, in spite of @entity66748 , once renal function had been restored by kidney transplantation, none of the @entity1 suffered from @entity111 . These results suggest that the kidney plays an important role in determining the serum BA pool size and composition and that @entity66748 may be a contributing factor, but not the only one, determining the development of @entity111 in @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: @entity177 -induced changes in serum and urine XXXX profiles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: The mutagenic activity of @entity71048 ( @entity57352 ) was evaluated in the micronucleus test in @entity19 . A clear clastogenic effect was obtained at all concentrations studied (0.2-1.0 mmole/kg body weight). The maximum number of micronuclei occurred 24 h after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The time-course for the @entity57352 -induced micronuclei was in agreement with the available data on the rapid excretion of @entity5600 from the @entity1 body. The dose-effect response was best described by a linear equation with a logarithmic component. The emergence of the latter term was related to the toxic effects of @entity57352 at higher concentrations on bone marrow erythropoietic function. A comparison of the effects induced by @entity57352 and by @entity7044 indicated that @entity57352 cannot be considered a strong mutagenic compound. We have compared the sensitivity of the @entity19 micronucleus test and that of @entity238 dominant-lethal test by contrasting the effects obtained at similar exposure doses. This comparison leads to the conclusion that the micronucleus test is capable of responding to far lower @entity5244 concentrations than the @entity238 dominant-lethal mutation test. Our results testify to the ability of @entity71048 to cause genotoxic damages in vivo in both somatic and germinal cells of higher organisms. Thus, the chemical in question may be of potential genetic hazard to @entity1 .

title: Mutagenic effects of XXXX on @entity19 somatic cells in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'man']

entities_list: @entity71048 :: ('MESH:C004782', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl terephthalate']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity71048 :: (MESH:C004782,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl terephthalate']


abstract: The mutagenic activity of @entity71048 ( @entity57352 ) was evaluated in the micronucleus test in @entity19 . A clear clastogenic effect was obtained at all concentrations studied (0.2-1.0 mmole/kg body weight). The maximum number of micronuclei occurred 24 h after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The time-course for the @entity57352 -induced micronuclei was in agreement with the available data on the rapid excretion of @entity5600 from the @entity1 body. The dose-effect response was best described by a linear equation with a logarithmic component. The emergence of the latter term was related to the toxic effects of @entity57352 at higher concentrations on bone marrow erythropoietic function. A comparison of the effects induced by @entity57352 and by @entity7044 indicated that @entity57352 cannot be considered a strong mutagenic compound. We have compared the sensitivity of the @entity19 micronucleus test and that of @entity238 dominant-lethal test by contrasting the effects obtained at similar exposure doses. This comparison leads to the conclusion that the micronucleus test is capable of responding to far lower @entity5244 concentrations than the @entity238 dominant-lethal mutation test. Our results testify to the ability of @entity71048 to cause genotoxic damages in vivo in both somatic and germinal cells of higher organisms. Thus, the chemical in question may be of potential genetic hazard to @entity1 .

title: Mutagenic effects of @entity71048 on XXXX somatic cells in vivo.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Many materials have been utilized to embolize @entity7026 ( @entity2758 ) preoperatively. Specific vascular anatomy with large feeding vessels deep to the nidus or @entity439 within feeding arteries favor the use of detachable balloons over other embolic agents. Detachable balloons allow test occlusion of a vascular pedicle before permanent occlusion and can obliterate @entity439 in feeding arteries. We describe 36 feeder @entity432 performed in 31 @entity1 . Twenty-nine @entity1 subsequently had surgical resection. None of the @entity1 developed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough or required blood transfusions. The @entity432 was judged by the neurosurgeon to decrease significantly the difficulty in surgical resection of the @entity600 . The remaining 2 @entity1 underwent embolization before radiosurgery. One @entity1 had @entity439 in the feeding artery, which was balloon-occluded to diminish the risk of @entity548 . There were two @entity51 and three asymptomatic @entity4066 related to the balloon procedure. Balloon occlusion of feeding arterial pedicles in selected cerebral @entity2758 may be a valuable surgical adjunct.

title: @entity432 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial balloon occlusions', 'preoperative balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissections']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: Many materials have been utilized to embolize @entity7026 ( @entity2758 ) preoperatively. Specific vascular anatomy with large feeding vessels deep to the nidus or @entity439 within feeding arteries favor the use of detachable balloons over other embolic agents. Detachable balloons allow test occlusion of a vascular pedicle before permanent occlusion and can obliterate @entity439 in feeding arteries. We describe 36 feeder @entity432 performed in 31 @entity1 . Twenty-nine @entity1 subsequently had surgical resection. None of the @entity1 developed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough or required blood transfusions. The @entity432 was judged by the neurosurgeon to decrease significantly the difficulty in surgical resection of the @entity600 . The remaining 2 @entity1 underwent embolization before radiosurgery. One @entity1 had @entity439 in the feeding artery, which was balloon-occluded to diminish the risk of @entity548 . There were two @entity51 and three asymptomatic @entity4066 related to the balloon procedure. Balloon occlusion of feeding arterial pedicles in selected cerebral @entity2758 may be a valuable surgical adjunct.

title: XXXX of @entity2758 .

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Preoperative balloon occlusion']


abstract: This study combined the use of cephalometrics and overnight polysomnographic monitoring to analyze the effects of a modified functional appliance on airway, sleep, and respiratory variables in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Twelve @entity1 without overt anatomic or pathologic evidence of obstruction were selected on the basis of an initial single night of polysomnographic monitoring, which confirmed the diagnosis of @entity27 . The @entity1 subsequently were fitted with a modified functional appliance designed to securely hold the mandible in an anterior-inferior position. A subsequent overnight polysomnographic study was obtained with each @entity1 wearing the appliance. Lateral cephalometric radiographs with and without the appliance in place were also obtained. The mean vertical and horizontal changes in mandibular position while wearing the appliance were 8.49 mm and 2.28 mm, respectively. The findings indicate that 10 of the 12 @entity1 had decreases in the rate of complete airway obstructions from a mean of 28.86 to 18.69 events per hour, and in the total @entity386 index from a mean of 53.81 to 35.99 events per hour. A reduction in the rate of obstructive events is attributed to the effect of the appliance on the oropharyngeal structures. Six cephalometric measurements are presented to provide a means of assessing effects of the appliance on the oropharynx and associated structures. The modified functional appliance is a conservative, successful treatment alternative that could benefit @entity1 with @entity27 .

title: The effect of a modified functional appliance on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between Peak expiratory (cough) airflow rate and swallowing symptom severity in @entity1 with @entity191 DESIGN: @entity1 were cued to cough into an analog peak flow meter then swallowed three, 20 mL thin liquid @entity9666 boluses. Analyses were directed at detecting potential relationships among disease severity, swallowing symptom severity and PEFR. @entity1 : Sixty eight male and females with @entity1726 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PEFR and swallow symptom severity RESULTS: PEFR varied significantly across swallowing severity classifications. @entity1 with more severe disease displayed a significant, linear decrease in PEFR compared to those @entity1 with earlier stage, less severe disease. Swallowing symptom severity varied significantly across groups when comparing @entity1 with less severe @entity1726 to those with more severe @entity1726 . @entity1 with early-stage @entity1726 demonstrated little to no swallowing symptoms and had the highest measures of PEFR. In contrast, @entity1 with the most severe swallowing symptoms also displayed the lowest measures of PEFR. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships existed among @entity1726 severity, swallowing symptom severity and PEFR in @entity1 with @entity1726 . PEFR may eventually stand as a non-invasive predictor of aspiration risk in those with @entity1726 , particularly later-stage disease. Inclusion of PEFRs into existing clinical swallowing assessments may increase the sensitivity and predictive validity of these assessments.

title: Measurement of Voluntary Cough Production and Airway Protection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson Disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson Disease']


abstract: Tenecteplase is a novel fibrinolytic protein bioengineered from @entity1 tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase) for the therapy of acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 . Specific mutations at three sites in the alteplase molecule result in 15-fold higher fibrin specificity, 80-fold reduced binding affinity to the physiological plasminogen activator inhibitor @entity2289 and 6-fold prolonged plasma half-life (22 vs 3.5 minutes). Consequently, tenecteplase can be administered as a single intravenous bolus of 30-50mg (0.53 mg/kg bodyweight) over 5-10 seconds, in contrast to the 90-minute accelerated infusion regimen of alteplase. Tenecteplase plasma concentration-time profiles have been obtained from a total of 179 @entity1 with @entity583 . Tenecteplase exhibited biphasic disposition; the initial disposition phase was predominant with a mean half-life of 17-24 minutes, and the mean terminal half-life was 65-132 min. Over the clinically relevant dose range of 30-50mg, mean clearance (CL) was 105 ml/min. The mean initial volume of distribution V(1) was 4.2-6.3L, approximating plasma volume, and volume of distribution at steady state was 6.1-9.9L, suggesting limited extravascular distribution or binding. Bodyweight and age were found to influence significantly both CL and V(1). Total bodyweight explained 19% of the variability in CL and 11% of the variability in V(1), and a 10kg increase in total bodyweight resulted in a 9.6 ml/min increase in CL. This relationship aided the development of a rationale for the weight-adjusted dose regimen for tenecteplase. Age explained only a further 11% of the variability in CL. The percentage of @entity1 who achieved normal coronary blood flow was clearly related to AUC. More than 75% of @entity1 achieved normal flow at 90 minutes after administration when their partial AUC(2-90) exceeded 320 microg.min/ml, corresponding to an average plasma concentration of 3.6 microg/ml. Systemic exposure to tenecteplase at all times after bolus administration of 30-50mg was higher than for alteplase 100mg. Tenecteplase has demonstrated equivalent efficacy and improved safety compared with the current gold standard alteplase in a large mortality trial (ASSENT-2). This suggests that the reduced clearance, greater fibrin specificity and higher @entity2289 resistance of tenecteplase allow higher plasma concentrations and thus a more rapid restoration of coronary patency to be attained, while providing a reduction in major @entity1779 events.

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tenecteplase in fibrinolytic therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['non-cerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: In 1982, the American @entity5 Society enrolled over 1.2 million American @entity1 and @entity1 in a prospective mortality study of @entity5 and other causes in relation to different risk factors. The 2-year mortality of 461,981 males aged 40-79 years with known smoking habit has been analyzed in relation to exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and to employment in selected occupations related to DE exposure. The relative risk (RR) for all causes of @entity204 for those exposed was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.13). For @entity2 , the RR was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97-1.44). A dose-response effect was present. Railroad workers, heavy equipment operators, miners, and truck drivers had a higher mortality both for all causes and for @entity2 when compared with subjects with other occupations and no exposure to DE. Truck drivers exposed to DE were not at excess risk of @entity2 if compared with truck drivers unexposed to DE, but a trend of increasing risk with duration of exposure was suggested. DE exposure was also associated with increase in mortality for accidents, @entity66 , @entity4288 , and @entity1575 . An association based on small numbers was also present for @entity978 and @entity706 . No association with chronic @entity358 or with @entity150 was found.

title: Diesel exhaust exposure and mortality among males in the American XXXX Society prospective study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['non-neoplastic pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: 1. The contractile capacity of smooth muscle cells depends on the cytoskeletal framework of the cell. The aim of this study was to determine the functional importance of both the actin and the tubulin components of the cytoskeleton in contractile responses of the @entity291 isolated iris sphincter muscle. 2. In each preparation, two contractions to the muscarinic agonist @entity5402 were obtained. The maximum responses of the first contractions were taken as 100%. The second contractions to @entity5402 were elicited in the presence of either @entity2389 (50 and 5 microm), an inhibitor of the actin cytoskeleton, or @entity3812 (100 microm), an inhibitor of the tubulin cytoskeleton (30 min incubation). 3. @entity2389 , at a concentration of 50 microm, significantly decreased the contractions induced by @entity5402 , with the maximum response reduced to 21.8 +/- 6.6% (n = 12) of the initial maximum. The maximal contractions to @entity5402 in the presence of @entity3812 reached 96.2 +/- 7.9% (n = 9) of the initial contraction, which was not significantly different from control second responses to @entity5402 with neither drug present, which reached 113.3 +/- 7.6% (n = 7). 4. The effect of @entity2389 was dose-dependent, since at a lower concentration of 5 microm, the drug decreased the maximum contraction to @entity5402 to 60.3 +/- 8.8% (n = 6). The effect of @entity2389 was at least partially reversible, since after the use of the higher concentration of 50 microm, contractions to @entity5402 increased to 62.3 +/- 15.5% (n = 4) of the maximal response, after 1 h repeated washing of the preparations. 5. @entity11119 , at a concentration of 50 microm, completely abolished the contractions induced by @entity5402 (n = 4). 6. These findings suggest that in @entity291 iris sphincter muscle, contractions to @entity5402 are highly dependent, from a functional point of view, on actin polymerization, and not, to any important degree, on the polymerization of tubulin.

title: Functional importance of the actin cytoskeleton in contraction of XXXX iris sphincter muscle.

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin B', 'cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin D']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity447 ( @entity447 ) is a @entity395 caused by autoantibodies against factor VIII. AIM: The Hemostasis _ @entity715 Research Society (HTRS) Registry was used to monitor the safety of recombinant FVII (rFVIIa). This study aims to report data from the HTRS Registry regarding safety and efficacy of rFVIIa for haemostatic management of surgeries and other invasive procedures in @entity1 with @entity447 . METHODS: For each rFVIIa-treated procedure, the initial dose, total dose, average infused dose, number of doses and treatment duration were calculated. Efficacy was assessed on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Of 166 registered @entity1 with @entity447 , 37 @entity1 underwent 58 procedures [30 (51%) rFVIIa-treated]. The median (range) age of all @entity1 undergoing procedures was 70 (13-93) years; for rFVIIa-treated @entity1 , 74 (28-89) years. Approximately 67% (39/58) of all procedures were elective. Overall, the most common procedures were endoscopy (12) and central venous access device (10); rFVIIa was used preoperatively (11), postoperatively (13) and during six follow-up procedures during ongoing postoperative rFVIIa treatment. The median (range) initial dose was 90.0 (44-187)  g kg(-1) preoperatively and 106.0 (56-270)  g kg(-1) postoperatively. For rFVIIa-treated episodes with a reported outcome, 20 (91%) were rated excellent/good or no additional agents used and 2 (9%) were rated as poor/ineffective requiring a switch to another bypassing agent. No @entity1031 events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate haemostasis was provided for 91% of rFVIIa-treated procedures at doses largely conforming to the package insert. No safety concerns were reported.

title: US experience with recombinant factor VIIa for surgery and other invasive procedures in acquired XXXX : analysis from the Hemostasis and @entity715 Research Society Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired haemophilia', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity447 ( @entity447 ) is a @entity395 caused by autoantibodies against factor VIII. AIM: The Hemostasis _ @entity715 Research Society (HTRS) Registry was used to monitor the safety of recombinant FVII (rFVIIa). This study aims to report data from the HTRS Registry regarding safety and efficacy of rFVIIa for haemostatic management of surgeries and other invasive procedures in @entity1 with @entity447 . METHODS: For each rFVIIa-treated procedure, the initial dose, total dose, average infused dose, number of doses and treatment duration were calculated. Efficacy was assessed on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Of 166 registered @entity1 with @entity447 , 37 @entity1 underwent 58 procedures [30 (51%) rFVIIa-treated]. The median (range) age of all @entity1 undergoing procedures was 70 (13-93) years; for rFVIIa-treated @entity1 , 74 (28-89) years. Approximately 67% (39/58) of all procedures were elective. Overall, the most common procedures were endoscopy (12) and central venous access device (10); rFVIIa was used preoperatively (11), postoperatively (13) and during six follow-up procedures during ongoing postoperative rFVIIa treatment. The median (range) initial dose was 90.0 (44-187)  g kg(-1) preoperatively and 106.0 (56-270)  g kg(-1) postoperatively. For rFVIIa-treated episodes with a reported outcome, 20 (91%) were rated excellent/good or no additional agents used and 2 (9%) were rated as poor/ineffective requiring a switch to another bypassing agent. No @entity1031 events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate haemostasis was provided for 91% of rFVIIa-treated procedures at doses largely conforming to the package insert. No safety concerns were reported.

title: US experience with recombinant factor VIIa for surgery and other invasive procedures in acquired @entity447 : analysis from the Hemostasis and XXXX Research Society Registry.

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: @entity1129 (T.E.D.) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the first few months following @entity1566 . The purpose of this three year retrospective study is to delineate the previously poorly described role of @entity221 as both a common component of T.E.D. manifestation and, on occasion, the sole presenting sign of an otherwise occult T.E.D. process. We reviewed 148 consecutive admissions to the Southeastern Michigan Spinal Cord Injury System (1982-1985). Ten @entity1 with documented T.E.D. were found and extensively reviewed; 3 had inadequate documentation of clinical manifestations and 1 @entity1 was found from venography to have a non-acute @entity715 . Of the remaining 6 cases, all had @entity221 as a sign, and 4 of these @entity1 had @entity221 as the sole presenting sign. Full @entity221 work-ups were performed in each case and no other source for @entity221 could be found. Fever spikes occurred most commonly at night, with a maximum temperature of 100.2 degrees F (oral) to a high in one case of 103.0 degrees F (oral). All fevers resolved within the first week of adequate anticoagulation therapy. These findings indicate that @entity221 may be the earliest and, possibly, only clinical sign of an otherwise occult T.E.D. process.

title: Fever and thromboembolic disease in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic Disease']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: During development, neural activity has been proposed to promote neuronal growth. During the first postnatal week, the hippocampus is characterized by an oscillating @entity1274 and a rapid neuronal growth. In the present study we tested in vivo, by injecting @entity116 toxin into the hippocampus of P1 @entity35 , whether this neural activity indeed promotes growth of pyramidal cells. We have previously shown that @entity116 toxin injection leads to a strong reduction in the frequency of spontaneous @entity1246 and glutamatergic synaptic currents, and to a complete blockade of the early @entity1274 during the first postnatal week. Morphology of @entity11480 -filled @entity1249 pyramidal cells was analyzed at the end of the first postnatal week (P6-10). In activity-reduced neurons, the total length of basal dendritic tree was three times less than control. The number, but not the length, of basal dendritic branches was affected. The growth impairment was restricted to the basal dendrites. The apical dendrite, the axons, or the soma grew normally during activity deprivation. Thus, the in vivo neural activity in the neonate hippocampus seems to promote neuronal growth by initiating novel branches.

title: In vivo blockade of neural activity alters dendritic development of neonatal XXXX pyramidal cells.

entities_list: @entity11480 :: ('MESH:C070614', 'Chemical') :: ['neurobiotin']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network activity']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: From 1971 to 1985, 369 @entity2587 presented to us with @entity1642 . Of these @entity1 , 10% (37) were treated for development of delayed unions or nonunions. Twenty-seven of the @entity1 were male and 10 were female. Their mean age was 23.1 years (range, 17 to 39). About half of the @entity2587 were involved in endurance sports. The diagnostic criteria for a delayed union or nonunion were clinical and radiological evidence. There was a diagnostic delay of about 3.5 months in the series. Plain radiographs, tomography, and isotope scans were used in the diagnosis. Special radiographic views were also used. In 15 cases (10 hallux sesamoid @entity174 , 1 midtibial shaft @entity174 , 1 metatarsal V base @entity174 , 1 @entity174 , 1 @entity174 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity174 ) nonoperative treatment was used. Operative treatment was used 22 times (5 sesamoid @entity174 , 5 midtibial @entity174 , 5 metatarsal V base @entity174 , 3 tarsal navicular @entity174 , 3 olecranon @entity174 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity174 ). Results were good or excellent in 32 cases (86.5%), moderate in 4 cases, and poor in 1 case.

title: Delayed unions and nonunions of XXXX in @entity2587 .

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'olecranon fracture', 'tarsal navicular fracture', 'fracture', 'bone fractures']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['stress fractures']


abstract: From 1971 to 1985, 369 @entity2587 presented to us with @entity1642 . Of these @entity1 , 10% (37) were treated for development of delayed unions or nonunions. Twenty-seven of the @entity1 were male and 10 were female. Their mean age was 23.1 years (range, 17 to 39). About half of the @entity2587 were involved in endurance sports. The diagnostic criteria for a delayed union or nonunion were clinical and radiological evidence. There was a diagnostic delay of about 3.5 months in the series. Plain radiographs, tomography, and isotope scans were used in the diagnosis. Special radiographic views were also used. In 15 cases (10 hallux sesamoid @entity174 , 1 midtibial shaft @entity174 , 1 metatarsal V base @entity174 , 1 @entity174 , 1 @entity174 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity174 ) nonoperative treatment was used. Operative treatment was used 22 times (5 sesamoid @entity174 , 5 midtibial @entity174 , 5 metatarsal V base @entity174 , 3 tarsal navicular @entity174 , 3 olecranon @entity174 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity174 ). Results were good or excellent in 32 cases (86.5%), moderate in 4 cases, and poor in 1 case.

title: Delayed unions and nonunions of @entity1642 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most common @entity137 associated with @entity5736 and @entity2690 is hypoglycaemia. The article reviews existing evidence to better guide hypoglycaemia management. Sulfonylureas and @entity2690 have narrow therapeutic indices. Small doses can cause hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed and persistent. All @entity1 and adults with intentional @entity1445 need to be referred for medical assessment and treatment. Unintentional supratherapeutic ingestions can be initially managed at home but if symptomatic or if there is persistent hypoglycaemia require medical referral. @entity1 often require intensive care and prolonged observation periods. Blood @entity413 concentrations should be assessed frequently. Asymptomatic @entity1 with unintentional @entity5736 ingestions should be observed for 12  h, except if this would lead to discharge at night when they should be kept until the morning. Prophylactic intravenous @entity413 is not recommended. The goal of therapy is to restore and maintain euglycaemia for the duration of the drug's toxic effect. Enteral feeding is recommended in @entity1 who are alert and able to tolerate oral intake. Once @entity2690 or @entity5736 -induced hypoglycaemia has developed, it should be initially treated with an intravenous @entity413 bolus. Following this the mainstay of therapy for @entity2690 -induced hypoglycaemia is intravenous @entity413 infusion to maintain the blood @entity413 concentration between 5.5 and 11  mmol  l(-1) . After @entity5736 -induced hypoglycaemia is initially corrected with intravenous @entity413 , the main treatment is @entity2390 which is administered to prevent @entity2690 secretion and maintain euglycaemia. The observation period varies depending on drug, product formulation and dose. A general guideline is to observe for 12  h after discontinuation of intravenous @entity413 and, if applicable, @entity2390 .

title: Treatment of @entity5736 and @entity2690 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea', 'sulfonylureas']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most common @entity137 associated with @entity5736 and @entity2690 is hypoglycaemia. The article reviews existing evidence to better guide hypoglycaemia management. Sulfonylureas and @entity2690 have narrow therapeutic indices. Small doses can cause hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed and persistent. All @entity1 and adults with intentional @entity1445 need to be referred for medical assessment and treatment. Unintentional supratherapeutic ingestions can be initially managed at home but if symptomatic or if there is persistent hypoglycaemia require medical referral. @entity1 often require intensive care and prolonged observation periods. Blood @entity413 concentrations should be assessed frequently. Asymptomatic @entity1 with unintentional @entity5736 ingestions should be observed for 12  h, except if this would lead to discharge at night when they should be kept until the morning. Prophylactic intravenous @entity413 is not recommended. The goal of therapy is to restore and maintain euglycaemia for the duration of the drug's toxic effect. Enteral feeding is recommended in @entity1 who are alert and able to tolerate oral intake. Once @entity2690 or @entity5736 -induced hypoglycaemia has developed, it should be initially treated with an intravenous @entity413 bolus. Following this the mainstay of therapy for @entity2690 -induced hypoglycaemia is intravenous @entity413 infusion to maintain the blood @entity413 concentration between 5.5 and 11  mmol  l(-1) . After @entity5736 -induced hypoglycaemia is initially corrected with intravenous @entity413 , the main treatment is @entity2390 which is administered to prevent @entity2690 secretion and maintain euglycaemia. The observation period varies depending on drug, product formulation and dose. A general guideline is to observe for 12  h after discontinuation of intravenous @entity413 and, if applicable, @entity2390 .

title: Treatment of XXXX and @entity2690 @entity1445 .

answer: @entity5736 :: (D013453,Chemical) :: ['sulfonylurea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most common @entity137 associated with @entity5736 and @entity2690 is hypoglycaemia. The article reviews existing evidence to better guide hypoglycaemia management. Sulfonylureas and @entity2690 have narrow therapeutic indices. Small doses can cause hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed and persistent. All @entity1 and adults with intentional @entity1445 need to be referred for medical assessment and treatment. Unintentional supratherapeutic ingestions can be initially managed at home but if symptomatic or if there is persistent hypoglycaemia require medical referral. @entity1 often require intensive care and prolonged observation periods. Blood @entity413 concentrations should be assessed frequently. Asymptomatic @entity1 with unintentional @entity5736 ingestions should be observed for 12  h, except if this would lead to discharge at night when they should be kept until the morning. Prophylactic intravenous @entity413 is not recommended. The goal of therapy is to restore and maintain euglycaemia for the duration of the drug's toxic effect. Enteral feeding is recommended in @entity1 who are alert and able to tolerate oral intake. Once @entity2690 or @entity5736 -induced hypoglycaemia has developed, it should be initially treated with an intravenous @entity413 bolus. Following this the mainstay of therapy for @entity2690 -induced hypoglycaemia is intravenous @entity413 infusion to maintain the blood @entity413 concentration between 5.5 and 11  mmol  l(-1) . After @entity5736 -induced hypoglycaemia is initially corrected with intravenous @entity413 , the main treatment is @entity2390 which is administered to prevent @entity2690 secretion and maintain euglycaemia. The observation period varies depending on drug, product formulation and dose. A general guideline is to observe for 12  h after discontinuation of intravenous @entity413 and, if applicable, @entity2390 .

title: Treatment of @entity5736 and XXXX @entity1445 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Postoperative recovery from @entity425 was investigated by handgrip strength after general anaesthesia using short- and long-acting muscle relaxants. Handgrip strength was measured on four occasions, preoperatively, before and after premedication, and postoperatively, both as soon as the @entity1 could sustain a five-second headlift and one hour later. Twenty @entity1 received either @entity5159 0.6 mg/kg or @entity6305 0.1 mg/kg as part of a general anaesthetic technique with @entity1339 reversal. Compared with their initial preoperative hand strengths, the two relaxant groups showed only an insignificant decrease in grip strength to 92% after premedication. Postoperatively when a five-second headlift was achieved, the @entity1 in both groups were weak. The group given @entity5159 had a mean of 60% of their initial grip strength and those given @entity6305 had a mean of 44%. This difference in strength was statistically significant from the initial level and from each other. However, there was no difference between the groups in the time interval from administering reversal to achieving a sustained headlift. One hour later in both groups grip strength was much better, within 80% of that seen after premedication in most @entity1 , and no significant difference in grip strength was seen between the groups. This study demonstrates that @entity1 who receive relaxant anaesthesia have substantial @entity425 in the recovery phase. When @entity1339 reversal is used, @entity6305 appears to have a similar return of voluntary muscle power to that seen with @entity5159 . The marked difference in elimination kinetics of these two relaxants seems to be of little importance when @entity1339 reversal is used.

title: Muscle strength following anaesthesia with XXXX and @entity6305 .

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity5159 :: (MESH:D001279,Chemical) :: ['atracurium']