abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effect of transtympanic perfusion of @entity801 on unilateral M  ni  re's disease. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with unilateral M  ni  re's disease, 14 males and 9 females, aged 24 - 61, all with vertigo, @entity1109 to different degrees, were treated with transtympanic perfusion of @entity801 via the tympanostomy tube, 12 mg @entity5395 hours and 5 times a day. Pure tone audiometry and caloric test were performed every day before treatment. When @entity346 was observed by Frenzel's glasses and the treated ear showed no response to caloric test, the treatment was ceased. After the treatment the @entity1 were followed up for 9 - 11 years (10.2 years on average). RESULTS: The average amount of @entity801 used was 216 mg. The treatment lasted for 1.5 to 5 days (3.6 days on average). @entity9468 disappeared in 21 @entity1 (91%) and remained unchanged in 2. Hearing was improved or remained unchanged in 17 @entity1 (73%) and became worse in 6. @entity392 decreased or disappeared in 15 @entity1 (66%), and increased in 2 @entity1 . Ear fullness sensation decreased or disappeared in 21 @entity1 (91%). and remained unchanged in 2. Twenty-one @entity1 were completely recovered and returned to work (91%). CONCLUSION: Relieving intractable vertigo and preserving hearing, transtympanic perfusion of @entity801 is effective on unilateral M  ni  re's disease.

title: [Curative effect of transtympanic perfusion of XXXX on unilateral M  ni  re's disease].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus and ear fullness sensation']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['Tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['destruction type of nystagmus']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity18884 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity9158 and non- @entity9158 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity1641 infected with @entity18884 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity7400 , @entity46316 , @entity46316 plus @entity11546 , @entity73031 , or a combination of @entity18884 , @entity29321 and @entity11546 . @entity73031 and the @entity18884 / @entity29321 / @entity11546 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity7400 , @entity46316 and @entity46316 plus @entity11546 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity1641 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity73032 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity1641 , infected with @entity9158 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity18884 , @entity61689 , @entity7400 , @entity73033 , @entity29321 , @entity18884 / @entity29321 , @entity61689 / @entity29321 , @entity7400 / @entity29321 or @entity73033 / @entity29321 . @entity73033 , @entity29321 and the @entity9158 / @entity29321 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity9158 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity73033 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity9158 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to XXXX anthelmintics in @entity1641 strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of @entity9158 -resistant strongyles to non- @entity9158 compounds.

entities_list: @entity61689 :: ('MESH:D002159', 'Chemical') :: ['cambendazole']

entities_list: @entity11546 :: ('MESH:D014236', 'Chemical') :: ['trichlorphon']

entities_list: @entity9158 :: ('MESH:C031000', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazole']

entities_list: @entity73031 :: ('MESH:D009015', 'Chemical') :: ['Morantel tartrate', 'morantel tartrate']

entities_list: @entity73033 :: ('MESH:C011321', 'Chemical') :: ['oxibendazole', 'Oxibendazole']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['Mebendazole', 'mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity29321 :: ('MESH:C034930', 'Chemical') :: ['piperazine']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity9158 :: (MESH:C031000,Chemical) :: ['benzimidazole']


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity18884 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity9158 and non- @entity9158 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity1641 infected with @entity18884 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity7400 , @entity46316 , @entity46316 plus @entity11546 , @entity73031 , or a combination of @entity18884 , @entity29321 and @entity11546 . @entity73031 and the @entity18884 / @entity29321 / @entity11546 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity7400 , @entity46316 and @entity46316 plus @entity11546 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity1641 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity73032 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity1641 , infected with @entity9158 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity18884 , @entity61689 , @entity7400 , @entity73033 , @entity29321 , @entity18884 / @entity29321 , @entity61689 / @entity29321 , @entity7400 / @entity29321 or @entity73033 / @entity29321 . @entity73033 , @entity29321 and the @entity9158 / @entity29321 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity9158 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity73033 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity9158 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to @entity9158 anthelmintics in @entity1641 strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of XXXX -resistant strongyles to non- @entity9158 compounds.

answer: @entity9158 :: (MESH:C031000,Chemical) :: ['benzimidazole']


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity18884 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity9158 and non- @entity9158 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity1641 infected with @entity18884 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity7400 , @entity46316 , @entity46316 plus @entity11546 , @entity73031 , or a combination of @entity18884 , @entity29321 and @entity11546 . @entity73031 and the @entity18884 / @entity29321 / @entity11546 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity7400 , @entity46316 and @entity46316 plus @entity11546 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity1641 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity73032 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity1641 , infected with @entity9158 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity18884 , @entity61689 , @entity7400 , @entity73033 , @entity29321 , @entity18884 / @entity29321 , @entity61689 / @entity29321 , @entity7400 / @entity29321 or @entity73033 / @entity29321 . @entity73033 , @entity29321 and the @entity9158 / @entity29321 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity9158 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity73033 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity9158 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to @entity9158 anthelmintics in @entity1641 strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of @entity9158 -resistant strongyles to non- XXXX compounds.

answer: @entity9158 :: (MESH:C031000,Chemical) :: ['benzimidazole']


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity18884 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity9158 and non- @entity9158 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity1641 infected with @entity18884 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity7400 , @entity46316 , @entity46316 plus @entity11546 , @entity73031 , or a combination of @entity18884 , @entity29321 and @entity11546 . @entity73031 and the @entity18884 / @entity29321 / @entity11546 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity7400 , @entity46316 and @entity46316 plus @entity11546 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity1641 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity73032 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity1641 , infected with @entity9158 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity18884 , @entity61689 , @entity7400 , @entity73033 , @entity29321 , @entity18884 / @entity29321 , @entity61689 / @entity29321 , @entity7400 / @entity29321 or @entity73033 / @entity29321 . @entity73033 , @entity29321 and the @entity9158 / @entity29321 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity9158 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity73033 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity9158 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to @entity9158 anthelmintics in XXXX strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of @entity9158 -resistant strongyles to non- @entity9158 compounds.

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: Mix family homeodomain proteins, such as @entity1238 Mixer and @entity3392 @entity73034 (Bon), have been shown to regulate the formation of the endoderm and are likely to be transcriptional mediators of Nodal signaling. Here, we show that, in addition to its previously described role in endoderm formation, Bon also regulates the anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm. bon-mutant embryos exhibit an anterior reduction of the neural plate. By using targeted injection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that Bon is required in the axial mesoderm for anterior neural development. Consistent with these results, bon-mutant embryos show defects in axial mesoderm gene expression starting at mid-gastrulation stages. In addition, genetic analyses demonstrate a functional interaction during neural patterning between bon and two components of the Nodal signaling pathway, the nodal-related gene squint (sqt) and @entity73035 [ @entity73035 ; mutant locus schmalspur (sur)]. bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit neural patterning defects that are much more severe than those seen in the single mutants, suggesting that these genes function in parallel in this process. We also show that the severity of the neural patterning defects in the single- and double-mutant embryos correlates with the degree of reduction in expression of the Wnt antagonist gene dickkopf 1. Furthermore, bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit identical morphological and gene expression defects, suggesting, in part, that bon, sqt and sur ( @entity73035 ) play overlapping roles in neural patterning. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a complex genetic network in which bon functions both downstream of, and possibly in parallel to, Nodal signaling to regulate neural patterning via the modulation of mesendodermal gene expression.

title: The Mix family homeodomain gene @entity73034 functions with other components of the Nodal signaling pathway to regulate neural patterning in XXXX .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Mix family homeodomain proteins, such as @entity1238 Mixer and @entity3392 @entity73034 (Bon), have been shown to regulate the formation of the endoderm and are likely to be transcriptional mediators of Nodal signaling. Here, we show that, in addition to its previously described role in endoderm formation, Bon also regulates the anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm. bon-mutant embryos exhibit an anterior reduction of the neural plate. By using targeted injection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that Bon is required in the axial mesoderm for anterior neural development. Consistent with these results, bon-mutant embryos show defects in axial mesoderm gene expression starting at mid-gastrulation stages. In addition, genetic analyses demonstrate a functional interaction during neural patterning between bon and two components of the Nodal signaling pathway, the nodal-related gene squint (sqt) and @entity73035 [ @entity73035 ; mutant locus schmalspur (sur)]. bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit neural patterning defects that are much more severe than those seen in the single mutants, suggesting that these genes function in parallel in this process. We also show that the severity of the neural patterning defects in the single- and double-mutant embryos correlates with the degree of reduction in expression of the Wnt antagonist gene dickkopf 1. Furthermore, bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit identical morphological and gene expression defects, suggesting, in part, that bon, sqt and sur ( @entity73035 ) play overlapping roles in neural patterning. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a complex genetic network in which bon functions both downstream of, and possibly in parallel to, Nodal signaling to regulate neural patterning via the modulation of mesendodermal gene expression.

title: The Mix family homeodomain gene XXXX functions with other components of the Nodal signaling pathway to regulate neural patterning in @entity3392 .

answer: @entity73034 :: (30115(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['bonnie and clyde']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined the alteration of the G2 pathway in @entity1869 ( @entity1869 ) and @entity1204 (EC), and analyzed the relationship between the G2 pathway status and the @entity876 pathway status. METHODS: A total of 103 cases (proliferative phase of the endometrium: 20, @entity1869 : 22, and endometrioid-type EC: 61 (I: 39, II: 5, III: 15, recurrence: 2)) were included in this study. We examined the @entity14050 , @entity9516 , @entity10609 , @entity10610 , and @entity8189 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. In 55 cases ( @entity1869 : 15; EC: 40), we analyzed @entity9516 mutations by RT-PCR-SSCP. RESULTS: There were no @entity9516 mutations in @entity1478 . Elevated or reduced expression rates of @entity14050 , @entity9516 , @entity10609 , @entity10610 and @entity8189 were 4.5% (1/22), 0%, 0%, 0% and 4.5% (1/22) in @entity1869 and 3.3% (2/61), 4.9% (3/61), 13.1% (8/61), 9.8% (6/61) and 9.8% (6/61) in EC. Alteration of the G2 pathway was higher in EC (32.8%; 20/61) than in @entity1869 (9.1%; 2/22; p = 0.047). The G2 pathway was significantly higher in the altered @entity876 pathway group (48.4%; 15/31) than in the normal @entity876 pathway group (16.7%; 5/30) in EC (p = 0.0134). The altered @entity876 pathway tended to be related with the @entity10610 / @entity8189 status (p = 0.0529). CONCLUSIONS: Alteration of the G2 pathway is thought to occur during @entity105 of the endometrium.

title: Alteration of G2 cell cycle regulators occurs during XXXX of the endometrium.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid-type endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial disease']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['EH', 'endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The current standard for diagnosis of @entity1489 is @entity227 followed by biopsy and histopathology. This process can be invasive, subjective, time consuming, and costly. Optical techniques, including Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS), have been developed to perform non-invasive characterization of @entity272 based on either morphological or biochemical features of disease. The objective of this work is to report a clinical instrument capable of both morphological and biochemical characterization of @entity1489 with RS-OCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The portable instrument utilizes independent 785   nm RS and 1,310   nm OCT system backbones. The two modalities are integrated in @entity26673   (L) clinical probe. The probe enables sequential acquisition of co-registered OCT and RS data sets. The axial response of the RS collection in the skin was estimated using scattering phantoms. In addition, RS-OCT data from @entity1 with @entity5 are reported. RESULTS: The RS-OCT instrument is capable of screening areas as large as 15   mm (transverse) by 2.4   mm (in depth) at up to 8   frames/second with OCT, and identifying locations to perform RS. RS signal is collected from a 44     m transverse spot through a depth of approximately 530     m. RS-OCT data sets from a superficial scar and a nodular BCC are reported to demonstrate the clinical potential of the instrument. CONCLUSION: The RS-OCT instrument reported here is capable of morphological and biochemical characterization of cancerous @entity272 in a clinical setting. OCT can visualize microstructural irregularities and perform an initial morphological analysis of the lesion. The images can be used to guide acquisition of biochemically specific Raman spectra. The two data sets can then be evaluated with respect to one another to take advantage of the mutually complimentary nature of RS and OCT.

title: A clinical instrument for combined raman spectroscopy-optical coherence tomography of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inspection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous and non-cancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancers']


abstract: Several single-institution pilot studies have suggested that augmented preparative regimens, including those containing total body irradiation combined with an autologous bone marrow transplantation, are superior to standard regimens for the treatment of relapsed or @entity978 . On the basis of these data, we undertook, in the cooperative group setting, a phase II trial of augmented preparative regimens for @entity1 experiencing treatment failure with conventional chemotherapy. Eighty-one @entity1 with either sensitive or refractory (induction failures or chemoresistant) relapse received @entity2879 (60 mg/kg), @entity786 (100 mg/kg), and either total body irradiation (12 Gy) or, if previously irradiated, @entity3600 (15 mg/kg), followed by an autologous bone marrow transplantation. Progression-free (PFS) and overall ( @entity3012 ) survival were estimated, and a @entity797 regression model was used to assess potential prognostic variables. The 5-year PFS and @entity3012 for the 74 eligible @entity1 treated at 20 Southwest Oncology Group centers were 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-53%) and 54% (95% CI, 43%-65%), respectively, despite a median remission after initial chemotherapy of only 6 months. The 3-year @entity3012 for those whose induction therapy failed was 72% (95% CI, 52%-93%). There was 1 (1.4%) early treatment-related @entity204 , 2 late deaths due to @entity358 , and only 1 @entity204 due to @entity2590 . There were no differences in PFS or @entity3012 on the basis of regimen or chemosensitivity. A @entity797 prognostic factor analysis determined that >2 prior regimens, relapse in a radiated field, and @entity66 were adverse prognostic factors. Among the 46 @entity1 who received prior radiotherapy, the 5-year @entity3012 was 38% (95% CI, 14%-61%) for @entity1 with 2 or 3 adverse factors, versus 60% (95% CI, 42%-78%) for those with 0 factors or 1 adverse factor. Augmented preparative regimens seem promising for the treatment of relapsed or @entity978 , without an increase in regimen-related mortality. A poor-prognosis group was identified that should be treated with novel therapies.

title: The value of augmented preparative regimens combined with an autologous bone marrow transplant for the management of relapsed or XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['refractory Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['refractory Hodgkin disease']


abstract: The annual costs of chemotherapeutic agents from 1975 to 1980 were determined, and the impact on a hospital's budget of new chemotherapeutic agents marketed during this period was evaluated. Pharmacy purchasing records for the antineoplastics were reviewed retrospectively to determine fiscal year (FY) costs. Statistics from the Consumer Price Index report and hospital @entity1 load were used to project an adjusted annual cost for @entity5 chemotherapy. The annual expenditures for seven agents marketed in the past five years were expressed as a percentage of the pharmacy's budget. In addition, the oncology clinic records for the past four years were reviewed to assess trends in the number of visits and quantity of drugs prescribed. Analysis indicated that the costs of antineoplastic drugs have risen from  10,156 for FY 1973-1974 to  296,914 for FY 1979-1980. Antineoplastic drug costs have risen from 5.74 to 16.74% of the total drug budget during the same period. Only a portion of the increase in costs could be attributed to increased @entity1 load and inflation. The percentage of @entity1 receiving chemotherapy has reached a plateau, and the quantity of agents being prescribed was not found to be increasing. It was concluded that the rise in cost tends to follow the recent commercial availability of several new antineoplastics, especially @entity632 . Cancer drug costs will continue to represent a large portion of the total hospital budget in the future and budgets must be planned accordingly.

title: Escalating costs for XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 sustained severe @entity542 , including a @entity909 , in an automobile accident. Skull X-ray films disclosed a @entity174 of the right superior orbit. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity5745 and extension of the @entity174 . Perimetric testing disclosed a bitemporal hemianopia along the vertical meridian. Visual acuity was 6/6 (20/20) in both eyes. Right macular sparing and left macular splitting were demonstrated by Amsler grid analysis as well as by the @entity1 's description of target grids projected onto his maculas. @entity892 was attributed to direct grids projected onto his maculas. @entity892 was attributed to direct injury of the right superior rectus muscle and to the effect of bitemporal field loss. There was no evidence of @entity4611 . No treatment of the @entity1 's @entity227 was undertaken. A six-month follow-up examination disclosed no change in the @entity1 's @entity227 .

title: Traumatic chiasmal syndrome associated with @entity5745 and sellar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field abnormalities', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture into the sella turcica', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['brief loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['Diplopia']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 sustained severe @entity542 , including a @entity909 , in an automobile accident. Skull X-ray films disclosed a @entity174 of the right superior orbit. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity5745 and extension of the @entity174 . Perimetric testing disclosed a bitemporal hemianopia along the vertical meridian. Visual acuity was 6/6 (20/20) in both eyes. Right macular sparing and left macular splitting were demonstrated by Amsler grid analysis as well as by the @entity1 's description of target grids projected onto his maculas. @entity892 was attributed to direct grids projected onto his maculas. @entity892 was attributed to direct injury of the right superior rectus muscle and to the effect of bitemporal field loss. There was no evidence of @entity4611 . No treatment of the @entity1 's @entity227 was undertaken. A six-month follow-up examination disclosed no change in the @entity1 's @entity227 .

title: Traumatic chiasmal syndrome associated with XXXX and sellar @entity174 .

answer: @entity5745 :: (MESH:D011007,Disease) :: ['pneumocephalus']


abstract: We have developed a method for virtually continuous measurement of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity468 and @entity235 . CBF was computed by multiplying cross-sectional area (CSA) and mean blood velocity in a pial artery. CSA was determined by measuring pial artery diameter with an electronic micrometer every 2-4 s through a cranial window. Velocity was measured continuously with a pulsed Doppler crystal positioned under a pial artery. CBF was determined in 12 anesthetized @entity468 during 1) control, 2) @entity13147 , 3) @entity2944 , and 4) @entity2944 plus @entity101 . Microspheres were injected under steady-state conditions to compare the two methods. During control, the diameter of the cerebral arteries observed was 388 +/- 28 (SE) micrometers, and CBF measured with microspheres was 40 +/- 4 ml.min-1.100 g-1. CBF decreased 18 +/- 2% during @entity13147 and increased 152 +/- 36% during @entity2944 . During steady-state conditions, the correlation coefficient between changes in CBF (CSA X velocity and microspheres) was 0.94, and the slope of the regression line was 1.02. In similar studies on seven anesthetized @entity235 , the correlation coefficient between CSA X velocity and microspheres was 0.98, and the slope of the regression line was 0.94. We conclude that the product of CSA and blood velocity of a pial artery provides accurate on-line measurement of changes in CBF.

title: Continuous measurement of cerebral blood flow in anesthetized XXXX and @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: We have developed a method for virtually continuous measurement of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity468 and @entity235 . CBF was computed by multiplying cross-sectional area (CSA) and mean blood velocity in a pial artery. CSA was determined by measuring pial artery diameter with an electronic micrometer every 2-4 s through a cranial window. Velocity was measured continuously with a pulsed Doppler crystal positioned under a pial artery. CBF was determined in 12 anesthetized @entity468 during 1) control, 2) @entity13147 , 3) @entity2944 , and 4) @entity2944 plus @entity101 . Microspheres were injected under steady-state conditions to compare the two methods. During control, the diameter of the cerebral arteries observed was 388 +/- 28 (SE) micrometers, and CBF measured with microspheres was 40 +/- 4 ml.min-1.100 g-1. CBF decreased 18 +/- 2% during @entity13147 and increased 152 +/- 36% during @entity2944 . During steady-state conditions, the correlation coefficient between changes in CBF (CSA X velocity and microspheres) was 0.94, and the slope of the regression line was 1.02. In similar studies on seven anesthetized @entity235 , the correlation coefficient between CSA X velocity and microspheres was 0.98, and the slope of the regression line was 0.94. We conclude that the product of CSA and blood velocity of a pial artery provides accurate on-line measurement of changes in CBF.

title: Continuous measurement of cerebral blood flow in anesthetized @entity468 and XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the @entity5 control rate and cranial nerve function outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5513 who were treated with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS: Between November 1992 and August 2000, 88 @entity1 with @entity5513 were treated at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery in which two to four convergent fixed beams of 160-MeV protons were applied. The median transverse diameter was 16 mm (range, 2.5-35 mm), and the median @entity5 volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range, 0.1-15.9 cm(3)). Surgical resection had been performed previously in 15 @entity1 (17%). @entity2103 (House-Brackmann Grade 1) and trigeminal nerve function were normal in 79 @entity1 (89.8%). Eight @entity1 (9%) had good or excellent hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] Grade 1), and 13 @entity1 (15%) had serviceable hearing (GR Grade 2). A median dose of 12 cobalt Gray equivalents (range, 10-18 cobalt Gray equivalents) was prescribed to the 70 to 108% isodose lines (median, 70%). The median follow-up period was 38.7 months (range, 12-102.6 mo). RESULTS: The actuarial 2- and 5-year @entity5 control rates were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9-99.9%) and 93.6% (95% CI, 88.3-99.3%). Salvage radiosurgery was performed in one @entity1 32.5 months after treatment, and a craniotomy was required 19.1 months after treatment in another @entity1 with @entity548 in the vicinity of a stable @entity5 . Three @entity1 (3.4%) underwent shunting for @entity1276 , and a subsequent partial resection was performed in one of these @entity1 . The actuarial 5-year cumulative radiological reduction rate was 94.7% (95% CI, 81.2-98.3%). Of the 21 @entity1 (24%) with functional hearing (GR Grade 1 or 2), 7 (33.3%) retained serviceable hearing ability (GR Grade 2). Actuarial 5-year normal facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were 91.1% (95% CI, 85-97.6%) and 89.4% (95% CI, 82-96.7%). Univariate analysis revealed that prescribed dose (P = 0.005), maximum dose (P = 0.006), and the inhomogeneity coefficient (P = 0.03) were associated with a significant risk of long-term @entity16 . No other @entity129 or @entity5 relapses were observed. CONCLUSION: Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery has been shown to be an effective means of @entity5 control. A high radiological response rate was observed. Excellent facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were achieved. A reduced prescribed dose is associated with a significant @entity16 .

title: Proton beam radiosurgery for XXXX : @entity5 control and @entity129 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in facial neuropathy', 'facial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve function']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the @entity5 control rate and cranial nerve function outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5513 who were treated with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS: Between November 1992 and August 2000, 88 @entity1 with @entity5513 were treated at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery in which two to four convergent fixed beams of 160-MeV protons were applied. The median transverse diameter was 16 mm (range, 2.5-35 mm), and the median @entity5 volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range, 0.1-15.9 cm(3)). Surgical resection had been performed previously in 15 @entity1 (17%). @entity2103 (House-Brackmann Grade 1) and trigeminal nerve function were normal in 79 @entity1 (89.8%). Eight @entity1 (9%) had good or excellent hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] Grade 1), and 13 @entity1 (15%) had serviceable hearing (GR Grade 2). A median dose of 12 cobalt Gray equivalents (range, 10-18 cobalt Gray equivalents) was prescribed to the 70 to 108% isodose lines (median, 70%). The median follow-up period was 38.7 months (range, 12-102.6 mo). RESULTS: The actuarial 2- and 5-year @entity5 control rates were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9-99.9%) and 93.6% (95% CI, 88.3-99.3%). Salvage radiosurgery was performed in one @entity1 32.5 months after treatment, and a craniotomy was required 19.1 months after treatment in another @entity1 with @entity548 in the vicinity of a stable @entity5 . Three @entity1 (3.4%) underwent shunting for @entity1276 , and a subsequent partial resection was performed in one of these @entity1 . The actuarial 5-year cumulative radiological reduction rate was 94.7% (95% CI, 81.2-98.3%). Of the 21 @entity1 (24%) with functional hearing (GR Grade 1 or 2), 7 (33.3%) retained serviceable hearing ability (GR Grade 2). Actuarial 5-year normal facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were 91.1% (95% CI, 85-97.6%) and 89.4% (95% CI, 82-96.7%). Univariate analysis revealed that prescribed dose (P = 0.005), maximum dose (P = 0.006), and the inhomogeneity coefficient (P = 0.03) were associated with a significant risk of long-term @entity16 . No other @entity129 or @entity5 relapses were observed. CONCLUSION: Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery has been shown to be an effective means of @entity5 control. A high radiological response rate was observed. Excellent facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were achieved. A reduced prescribed dose is associated with a significant @entity16 .

title: Proton beam radiosurgery for @entity5513 : XXXX control and @entity129 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the @entity5 control rate and cranial nerve function outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5513 who were treated with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS: Between November 1992 and August 2000, 88 @entity1 with @entity5513 were treated at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery in which two to four convergent fixed beams of 160-MeV protons were applied. The median transverse diameter was 16 mm (range, 2.5-35 mm), and the median @entity5 volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range, 0.1-15.9 cm(3)). Surgical resection had been performed previously in 15 @entity1 (17%). @entity2103 (House-Brackmann Grade 1) and trigeminal nerve function were normal in 79 @entity1 (89.8%). Eight @entity1 (9%) had good or excellent hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] Grade 1), and 13 @entity1 (15%) had serviceable hearing (GR Grade 2). A median dose of 12 cobalt Gray equivalents (range, 10-18 cobalt Gray equivalents) was prescribed to the 70 to 108% isodose lines (median, 70%). The median follow-up period was 38.7 months (range, 12-102.6 mo). RESULTS: The actuarial 2- and 5-year @entity5 control rates were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9-99.9%) and 93.6% (95% CI, 88.3-99.3%). Salvage radiosurgery was performed in one @entity1 32.5 months after treatment, and a craniotomy was required 19.1 months after treatment in another @entity1 with @entity548 in the vicinity of a stable @entity5 . Three @entity1 (3.4%) underwent shunting for @entity1276 , and a subsequent partial resection was performed in one of these @entity1 . The actuarial 5-year cumulative radiological reduction rate was 94.7% (95% CI, 81.2-98.3%). Of the 21 @entity1 (24%) with functional hearing (GR Grade 1 or 2), 7 (33.3%) retained serviceable hearing ability (GR Grade 2). Actuarial 5-year normal facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were 91.1% (95% CI, 85-97.6%) and 89.4% (95% CI, 82-96.7%). Univariate analysis revealed that prescribed dose (P = 0.005), maximum dose (P = 0.006), and the inhomogeneity coefficient (P = 0.03) were associated with a significant risk of long-term @entity16 . No other @entity129 or @entity5 relapses were observed. CONCLUSION: Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery has been shown to be an effective means of @entity5 control. A high radiological response rate was observed. Excellent facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were achieved. A reduced prescribed dose is associated with a significant @entity16 .

title: Proton beam radiosurgery for @entity5513 : @entity5 control and XXXX .

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial nerve toxicity']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the value of lymphoscintigraphy in general and extra-axillary lymph node biopsy in particular, based on our experience with sentinel biopsy in 128 consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity0 . METHODS: Sentinel node biopsy was performed with the aid of isotope, hand held gamma probe, blue dye and lymphoscintigraphy in 83 @entity1 . Injection technique was peritumoral or intratumoral. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed 2-4 h following isotope injection. RESULTS: Eighteen lymposcintigraphies were negative (21.7%). The sentinel node was found in 14 of these cases. We were unable to identify the sentinel node(s) in four @entity1 (4/83; 4.8%). All in all 20/25 (80%) extra-axillary nodes were located and taken out. Only two of these (2/20, 10%) were positive for metastatic disease on histological examination. The adjuvant treatment plans for these @entity1 were not altered in response to these findings. No positive extra-axillary node(s) with simultaneous normal axillary sentinel node was found. CONCLUSIONS: In this serie, lymphoscintigraphy and biopsy of extra-axillary sentinel nodes added nothing but time, risk and cost to the procedure.

title: Extra-axillary sentinel node biopsy in XXXX staging--is it necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a rare cutaneous @entity5 . Its natural course is fast progression of the primary @entity5 and rapid regional metastasis. METHODS: The pathological archives of Helsinki University Hospital and Vaasa Central Hospital were reviewed from 1987 to 2001. Specimens were re-evaluated by two pathologists and size was measured from primary @entity5 . Multivariate analysis was performed for age, sex, primary @entity5 size, and method of initial surgery, development of @entity3 and development of local recurrence. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 34 @entity1 , 12 male and 22 female @entity1 , are reported. Their median age was 76.4 years. Half of the primaries were located in the head and neck region. All @entity1 were treated surgically. The mean @entity1349 was 2.7 years by the Kaplan-Meier method. The 2-year survival rate was 65% and 5-year rate was 50%. The mean @entity1349 for @entity5 size >2 cm was 1.7 years and for @entity5 size <or=2 cm 4.48. Poor prognostic factors for @entity1349 were: male sex, size of the primary @entity5 (>2 cm) and metastatic dissemination. A favourable prognosis seemed to correlate to more aggressive surgical management as use of primary excision with split skin graft or reconstruction with a local flap. CONCLUSION: @entity3852 affects the elderly @entity1 . In this study, female @entity1 predominated. Primary @entity5 size >2 cm predicts poorer outcome of the disease. A wide surgical excision is recommended for the primary treatment of @entity3852 .

title: XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 34 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a rare cutaneous @entity5 . Its natural course is fast progression of the primary @entity5 and rapid regional metastasis. METHODS: The pathological archives of Helsinki University Hospital and Vaasa Central Hospital were reviewed from 1987 to 2001. Specimens were re-evaluated by two pathologists and size was measured from primary @entity5 . Multivariate analysis was performed for age, sex, primary @entity5 size, and method of initial surgery, development of @entity3 and development of local recurrence. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 34 @entity1 , 12 male and 22 female @entity1 , are reported. Their median age was 76.4 years. Half of the primaries were located in the head and neck region. All @entity1 were treated surgically. The mean @entity1349 was 2.7 years by the Kaplan-Meier method. The 2-year survival rate was 65% and 5-year rate was 50%. The mean @entity1349 for @entity5 size >2 cm was 1.7 years and for @entity5 size <or=2 cm 4.48. Poor prognostic factors for @entity1349 were: male sex, size of the primary @entity5 (>2 cm) and metastatic dissemination. A favourable prognosis seemed to correlate to more aggressive surgical management as use of primary excision with split skin graft or reconstruction with a local flap. CONCLUSION: @entity3852 affects the elderly @entity1 . In this study, female @entity1 predominated. Primary @entity5 size >2 cm predicts poorer outcome of the disease. A wide surgical excision is recommended for the primary treatment of @entity3852 .

title: @entity3852 : a clinicopathological study of 34 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high-flow bypass is theoretically more effective than a conventional low-flow bypass in preventing @entity64 in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity432 and a compromised hemodynamic state of the brain. OBJECTIVE: To study the results of excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis (ELANA) high-flow extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in these @entity1 . METHODS: Between August 1998 and May 2008, 24 @entity1 underwent ELANA EC-IC bypass surgery because of transient @entity63 attacks or minor @entity385 associated with @entity432 . We retrospectively collected information. Follow-up data were updated by structured telephone interviews between May and September 2008. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , the ELANA EC-IC bypass was patent at the end of surgery with a mean flow of 106    41 mL/min. Within 30 days after the operation, 22 @entity1 (92%) had no major complication, whereas 2 @entity1 (8%) had a fatal @entity1779 . During follow-up of a mean 4.4    2.4 years, the bypass remained patent in 18 of the 22 surviving @entity1 (82%) with a mean flow of 141    59 mL/min. All @entity1 with a patent bypass remained free of transient @entity63 attacks and @entity385 . In 4 @entity1 , the bypass occluded, accompanied by ipsilateral transient @entity63 attacks in 2 @entity1 , ipsilateral @entity385 in 1 @entity1 , and contralateral @entity385 in another @entity1 . CONCLUSION: ELANA EC-IC bypass surgery in @entity1 with @entity432 is technically feasible and results in cessation of ongoing transient @entity63 attacks and minor @entity385 , but carries a risk of @entity86 .

title: High-flow extracranial-to-intracranial excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis bypass for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['carotid artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The loss of patency constitutes the major complication of arteriovenous (AV) @entity736 hemodialysis grafts. In most cases, this graft failure is due to intimal @entity1373 at the venous outflow tract, including proliferation of vascular, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts with deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Thus far, procedures developed for improving patency have proven unsuccessful, which can be partly explained by the lack of relevant animal models. For this purpose, we developed a porcine model for AV graft failure that will allow the assessment of promising therapeutic strategies in the near future. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 14 @entity1707 , AV grafts were created bilaterally between the carotid artery and the jugular vein using expanded @entity736 . Two, 4 or 8 weeks after AV shunting, the grafts and adjacent vessels were excised and underwent histologic analysis. RESULTS: From 2 weeks onwards, a thick neo-intima developed at the venous @entity254 , predominantly consisting of alpha-actin-positive vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Intimal area increased over time, coinciding with a decreased graft flow. Grafts remained patent for at least 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, patency rates declined to less than 50% due to @entity715 formation superimposed on progressive neo-intima formation. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of an AV graft between the carotid artery and jugular vein in @entity1707 causes a rapid neo-intimal response, accompanied by a loss of patency of 50% at 8 weeks after surgery. This model offers a suitable tool to study local interventions aimed at the improvement of AV graft patency rates.

title: Rapid, arteriovenous graft failure due to intimal XXXX : a porcine, bilateral, carotid arteriovenous graft model.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double stenting in a Y configuration may be used to treat a @entity439 not amenable to reconstruction with a single stent. OBJECTIVE: We studied the feasibility, safety, and mid-term angiographic outcome of @entity1 treated using this technique. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all coil embolizations of wide-necked @entity439 using double stents in a Y configuration. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 were identified from 2002 to 2010 (14 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 57.4 years. Stents were deployed in a Y configuration achieving complete occlusion (5/19), residual neck (5/19), and residual @entity439 filling (9/19). Angiographic follow-up was available for a mean of 16 months, and clinical follow up was available for a mean of 21.4 months. The incidence of complications at the initial treatment was 6 of 19 (31.6%), and delayed @entity1031 complications occurred in 2 of 19 (10.5%). An angiographic neck recurrence requiring retreatment developed in only 1 of the @entity1 in whom complete occlusion was obtained with the initial treatment. Spontaneous @entity715 and complete occlusion on follow-up imaging were found in 6 @entity1 in whom initial neck or @entity439 filling was observed. Ultimately, 12 of the @entity439 (63.2%) were completely occluded on follow-up angiography. CONCLUSION: Y-stent reconstruction enables the endovascular management of otherwise complex, wide-necked @entity438 and can be performed safely in experienced hands with satisfactory mid-term results, even in cases requiring retreatment.

title: Mid-term results of endovascular coiling of wide-necked XXXX using double stents in a Y configuration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['subset of wide-necked aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Fluorescence-guided resection with @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ), which has shown promising results in the resection of @entity11 , has been used for @entity1653 resection in an attempt to more clearly delineate the @entity5 margin. However, no article has investigated the fluorescence pattern of @entity1653 on a histological level. Understanding the microscopic pattern of fluorescence could help assess the precision and utility of using @entity2518 for these @entity5 . We present the case of a recurrent @entity1653 operated on with @entity2518 fluorescence-guided resection for delineation of @entity5 tissue from surrounding uninvolved dura. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old @entity1 presented with recurrent @entity1653 of the falx. Prior treatment included surgical resection 6 years earlier with subsequent fractionated radiation therapy and radiosurgery for @entity5 progression. The @entity1 was given @entity2518 20 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 100 mL water 3 hours before induction of anesthesia. Intraoperative fluorescence was coregistered with preoperative imaging. Neuropathological analysis of the resected falx with confocal microscopy enabled correlation of fluorescence with the extent of @entity5 on a histological level. CONCLUSION: Fluorescence guidance allowed clear intraoperative delineation of @entity5 tissue from adjacent, uninvolved dura. On a microscopic level, there was a very close correlation of fluorescence with @entity5 , but some @entity5 cells did not fluoresce.

title: Confocal microscopy for the histological fluorescence pattern of a recurrent XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'atypical meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['atypical meningioma']


abstract: AIM: Despite the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy has been validated by many randomized prospective trials, clear evidences on the validity of the totally mini-invasive technique, namely, through intracorporeal @entity254 , are still lacking. The aim of this study was the assessment of short-term outcome within three months from laparoscopic right colectomy with intra- or extra-corporeal @entity254 . METHODS: With no exclusion, all @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy at our institution have been enrolled in this study. Group A included @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with extracorporeal @entity254 (LAC) and Group B, included @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal @entity254 (TLC). @entity1 ' data, surgery details, results of postoperative period and histological tests have been prospectively recorded in a database and analysed. RESULTS: Between December 2006 and December 2008, 45 @entity1 underwent right hemicolectomy, 21 with extracorporeal @entity254 and 24 had intracorporeal ones. As to @entity1 ' characteristics and histopathological results there are no difference between the groups. Anastomotic dehiscence occurred one in group A and one in group B (P>0.05). Both @entity1 underwent reoperation. We recorded 6 @entity1209 in the LAC group and only 1 in the TLC group (P<0.05). The incidence of Non-Surgical Site Complications (NSSC) was of 4.54% in LAC group and 8.33% in TLC group (P>0.05). Hospitalization was of 5 days for both groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we believe that this technique is feasible in terms of safety; it doesn't significatively affect the length of surgical procedure and guarantees maintenance of oncological radicality standards of reference. Besides it significatively improves quality of the post-operative period.

title: [Feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic right colectomy with extracorporeal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus with vomiting']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: There is ample evidence that the poststroke @entity911 or @entity933 is a manifestation of cholinergic deficit. Given this conception, we conducted a controlled study of efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor @entity11544 in @entity1 developed a @entity933 in the acute phase of @entity385 . The study included 224 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 : 68 @entity1 developed a @entity933 in the acute phase of disease. Severity of @entity933 was scored with the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). A main group included 21 @entity1 with @entity933 treated with @entity11544 in individually tailored doses. A control group included 47 @entity1 with @entity933 who received only vascular and anticoagulant treatment, i.e. @entity1767 . Cognitive functions were tested 3 and 6 months after @entity64 with the MMSE, the @entity1334 , the Luria 10 point verbal test. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used after 3 and 6 months to measure caregiver burden. In @entity1 treated with @entity11544 , the @entity933 phase was significantly shorter (p<0,001) compared to the control group. In @entity1 without @entity933 in the acute phase of @entity64 , the results of neuropsychological study were better (p<0,001) than in @entity1 with @entity933 . Total ZBI scores were more favorable in the @entity11544 group than in the control one (p<0,05). To the end of the study, 5 @entity1 died in the @entity11544 group, 17 @entity1 in the control group and 3 @entity1 in the group without @entity933 . @entity11544 was safe in the acute phase of @entity64 @entity1 even after the rapid titration.

title: [Efficacy and safety of @entity11544 (exelon) in the XXXX in the acute phase of @entity385 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivastigmine', 'rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['confusion syndrome']


abstract: There is ample evidence that the poststroke @entity911 or @entity933 is a manifestation of cholinergic deficit. Given this conception, we conducted a controlled study of efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor @entity11544 in @entity1 developed a @entity933 in the acute phase of @entity385 . The study included 224 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 : 68 @entity1 developed a @entity933 in the acute phase of disease. Severity of @entity933 was scored with the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). A main group included 21 @entity1 with @entity933 treated with @entity11544 in individually tailored doses. A control group included 47 @entity1 with @entity933 who received only vascular and anticoagulant treatment, i.e. @entity1767 . Cognitive functions were tested 3 and 6 months after @entity64 with the MMSE, the @entity1334 , the Luria 10 point verbal test. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used after 3 and 6 months to measure caregiver burden. In @entity1 treated with @entity11544 , the @entity933 phase was significantly shorter (p<0,001) compared to the control group. In @entity1 without @entity933 in the acute phase of @entity64 , the results of neuropsychological study were better (p<0,001) than in @entity1 with @entity933 . Total ZBI scores were more favorable in the @entity11544 group than in the control one (p<0,05). To the end of the study, 5 @entity1 died in the @entity11544 group, 17 @entity1 in the control group and 3 @entity1 in the group without @entity933 . @entity11544 was safe in the acute phase of @entity64 @entity1 even after the rapid titration.

title: [Efficacy and safety of @entity11544 (exelon) in the @entity911 in the acute phase of XXXX ].

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: There is ample evidence that the poststroke @entity911 or @entity933 is a manifestation of cholinergic deficit. Given this conception, we conducted a controlled study of efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor @entity11544 in @entity1 developed a @entity933 in the acute phase of @entity385 . The study included 224 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 : 68 @entity1 developed a @entity933 in the acute phase of disease. Severity of @entity933 was scored with the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). A main group included 21 @entity1 with @entity933 treated with @entity11544 in individually tailored doses. A control group included 47 @entity1 with @entity933 who received only vascular and anticoagulant treatment, i.e. @entity1767 . Cognitive functions were tested 3 and 6 months after @entity64 with the MMSE, the @entity1334 , the Luria 10 point verbal test. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used after 3 and 6 months to measure caregiver burden. In @entity1 treated with @entity11544 , the @entity933 phase was significantly shorter (p<0,001) compared to the control group. In @entity1 without @entity933 in the acute phase of @entity64 , the results of neuropsychological study were better (p<0,001) than in @entity1 with @entity933 . Total ZBI scores were more favorable in the @entity11544 group than in the control one (p<0,05). To the end of the study, 5 @entity1 died in the @entity11544 group, 17 @entity1 in the control group and 3 @entity1 in the group without @entity933 . @entity11544 was safe in the acute phase of @entity64 @entity1 even after the rapid titration.

title: [Efficacy and safety of XXXX (exelon) in the @entity911 in the acute phase of @entity385 ].

answer: @entity11544 :: (MESH:C072506,Chemical) :: ['rivastigmine']


abstract: Childhood @entity1985 are most commonly caused by one of two idiopathic diseases: minimal-change @entity1985 (MCNS) and @entity628 ( @entity628 ). A third distinct type, @entity8 , is rare in @entity1 . Other causes of isolated @entity1985 can be subdivided into two major categories: rare @entity74 , and secondary diseases associated with drugs, infections, or @entity5 . The cause of @entity3441 remains unknown, but evidence suggests it may be a primary @entity784 that leads to glomerular podocyte dysfunction. Genetic studies in @entity1 with @entity1985 have identified mutations in genes that encode important podocyte proteins. @entity1 with @entity3441 are initially treated with @entity288 . @entity479 -responsiveness is of greater prognostic use than renal histology. Several second-line drugs, including alkylating agents, @entity205 , and @entity7305 , may be effective for complicated and @entity479 -unresponsive MCNS and @entity628 @entity1 . @entity1985 is associated with several medical complications, the most severe and potentially fatal being @entity2348 and @entity1031 . @entity3441 is a chronic relapsing disease for most @entity479 -responsive @entity1 , whereas most @entity1 with refractory @entity628 ultimately develop @entity454 . Research is being done to further elucidate the disorder's molecular pathogenesis, identify new prognostic indicators, and to develop better approaches to treatment.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell disorder']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndromes', 'nephrotic syndrome', 'familial nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: ERDS is a new method that was developed to detect EEG changes during a short mental task (reverse counting). It is recommended for testing cognitive EEG in @entity347 . The essence of the task situation is that it needs continuous mental work during a short period of time. The level of task difficulty must be adapted to each @entity1 's actual mental capacity. To preserve continuity of the mental work, the level of difficulty might be changed instantly by the EEG technician in case of a longer break or multiple mistakes by the subject in the task. For analysis, artifact-free EEG sections are manually selected. Differences of pre-task and post-task EEG power spectra (ERDS) and differences of the peak and mean frequencies are calculated. Based on our initial experience on 100 ERDS tests, this method demonstrates cognitive EEG changes related to the task. Each @entity1 's pre-task EEG serves as control data that is compared to post-task changes. Hence, confounding effects on the ERDS test are minimal, i.e., the effect of individual EEG features or those EEG signs of the disease or therapy that are independent of cognitive functions. Therefore, ERDS test results can be considered as markers of cognitive state in diverse pathological conditions. They also enable us to follow changes during the spontaneous course of @entity1032 or due to therapeutic interventions. Appropriate instruction of @entity1 about the task, attention of the technician in order to preserve the @entity1 's continuous mental work, and to insure @entity1 compliance are very important. Further investigation is necessary for validation of the method and to build a database of tests on healthy population of different age groups and of @entity1 with different @entity146 conditions. Standardization of the test is essential for the introduction of ERDS to the every-day routine of clinical neuropsychiatry.

title: Task related difference EEG spectrum--a new diagnostic method for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic mental disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']


abstract: @entity1 myocardial studies reveal a biphasic increase in the force of contraction due to stretch. The first rapid response, known as the Frank-Starling response, occurs within one heartbeat of stretch. A second positive inotropic response occurs over the minutes following the initial stretch and is known as the slow force response (SFR). The SFR has been observed in @entity1 isolated whole hearts, muscle preparations and individual myocytes. We present the first direct study into the SFR in the heart of a non- @entity1 vertebrate, the @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). We stretched ventricular trabecular muscle preparations from 88% to 98% of their optimal length and individual ventricular myocytes by 7% of their slack sarcomere length (SL). Stretch caused an immediate increase in force in both preparations, indicative of the Frank-Starling response. However, we found no significant effect of prolonged stretch on the force of contraction in either the ventricular trabecular preparations or the single myocytes. This indicates that @entity5660 ventricular myocardium does not exhibit a SFR and that, in contrast to mammals, the piscine Frank-Starling response may not be associated with the SFR. We speculate that this is due to the fish myocardium modulating cardiac output via changes in @entity64 volume to a larger extent than heart rate.

title: XXXX myocardium does not exhibit a slow inotropic response to stretch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Rainbow trout']


abstract: AIM: The knowledge of the molecular signals that control cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes is critical to apply cell-based therapies and repair an injured heart. The transcription factor @entity26797 has essential roles in the development of different organs including the heart. Although a direct role of @entity26797 in the developing myocardium has recently been reported, the molecular pathways driven by @entity26797 as well as its cardiac target genes remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to unravel the molecular mechanisms driven by @entity26797 during the process of cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro in @entity19 embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pitx2c was overexpressed in the R1-embryonic stem cell line. mRNA levels and protein distribution of several specific cardiac genes were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments in R1-embryonic stem cell-derived beating areas at different stages of in vitro differentiation. Our results show that overexpression of Pitx2c in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is able to dynamically upregulate several cardiac-enriched transcription factors such as @entity16467 , @entity25734 and @entity7006 . Additionally, Pitx2c induces the expression of chamber-specific cardiac genes such as @entity26384 , @entity14662 and @entity16898 . These data were validated in an in vivo model of @entity26797 loss of function. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results demonstrate that @entity26797 plays a major role reinforcing the transcriptional program of cardiac differentiation.

title: Pitx2c modulates cardiac-specific transcription factors networks in differentiating cardiomyocytes from XXXX embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience with technical success, complications, and long-term clinical success of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of @entity10545 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: After needle biopsy, computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous RF ablation was performed with general or spinal anesthesia. With an RF electrode, the lesion was heated to 90 degrees C for 6 minutes. @entity1 age and sex, lesion size and location, biopsy results, and complications were recorded. Clinical success was assessed at a minimum of 2 years after the procedure. Significance of @entity1 age and sex and lesion location and size as a predictor of biopsy result was tested by means of chi2 analysis. In addition, effects of @entity1 age and sex, lesion location and size, and biopsy results on clinical success were tested with the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: During an 11-year period, 263 @entity1 who were suspected of having @entity10545 underwent 271 ablation procedures. All procedures were technically successful. There were two anesthesia-related complications ( @entity1173 , @entity1167 ) and two minor procedure-related complications ( @entity2688 , @entity6865 ). Results at biopsy were positive in 73% (197 of 271 biopsies). Two-year follow-up data were available for 126 procedures. The other procedures had been performed more recently or the @entity1 could not be contacted. There was complete relief of symptoms after 112 of the 126 procedures (89%). For procedures performed as the initial treatment, the success rate was 91% (107 of 117 procedures). Procedures for recurrent lesions had a significantly lower success rate (six of 10 procedures [60%], P <.001). Clinical outcome was not dependent on biopsy result, @entity1 age or sex, or lesion size or location. CONCLUSION: CT-guided percutaneous RF ablation of @entity10545 is a safe and effective technique.

title: XXXX : percutaneous treatment with radiofrequency energy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['Osteoid osteoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostate disease incidence is expected to rise among developing nations secondary to increased prevalence of @entity28 and the elderly. Although many case-control studies have associated @entity28 to prostate cancer @entity146 , few have correlated markers of prostate pathology to biomarkers of @entity1144 and insulin resistance, using an apparently healthy cohort. This study aims to fill this gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 219 consenting adult Arab @entity1 , aged 30-70 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographics were noted and anthropometrics measured. Fasting blood samples were extracted, and glycaemic and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured using multiplex assays. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), parathyroid-related protein ( @entity4293 ) and endoglin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Serum @entity1674 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly and positively associated with circulating (tPSA) levels in all subjects (P < 0  01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity1254 , active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( @entity442 ( @entity442 ) had significant inverse associations to tPSA. Stepwise linear regression revealed that @entity1254 , @entity442 , WHR and @entity4293 explained 30% of variance in tPSA levels (P < 0  0001), while SBP, resistin and BMI explained 18  7% of variance in endoglin (P = 0  001). CONCLUSIONS: The associations of @entity1254 and WHR strengthen the link between insulin resistance and visceral adiposity to prostate volume markers among apparently healthy Arab @entity1 . Follow-up studies are needed to extend these preliminary findings so that early interventions can be provided to those at increased risk.

title: Visceral XXXX and inflammation markers in relation to serum prostate volume biomarkers among apparently healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'aPAI-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostate disease incidence is expected to rise among developing nations secondary to increased prevalence of @entity28 and the elderly. Although many case-control studies have associated @entity28 to prostate cancer @entity146 , few have correlated markers of prostate pathology to biomarkers of @entity1144 and insulin resistance, using an apparently healthy cohort. This study aims to fill this gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 219 consenting adult Arab @entity1 , aged 30-70 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographics were noted and anthropometrics measured. Fasting blood samples were extracted, and glycaemic and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured using multiplex assays. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), parathyroid-related protein ( @entity4293 ) and endoglin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Serum @entity1674 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly and positively associated with circulating (tPSA) levels in all subjects (P < 0  01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity1254 , active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( @entity442 ( @entity442 ) had significant inverse associations to tPSA. Stepwise linear regression revealed that @entity1254 , @entity442 , WHR and @entity4293 explained 30% of variance in tPSA levels (P < 0  0001), while SBP, resistin and BMI explained 18  7% of variance in endoglin (P = 0  001). CONCLUSIONS: The associations of @entity1254 and WHR strengthen the link between insulin resistance and visceral adiposity to prostate volume markers among apparently healthy Arab @entity1 . Follow-up studies are needed to extend these preliminary findings so that early interventions can be provided to those at increased risk.

title: Visceral @entity28 and inflammation markers in relation to serum prostate volume biomarkers among apparently healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity1205 -based therapy is established as the standard first-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC), based on results from two landmark Phase III studies. However, prognosis remains poor, with a median survival of less than 2 years. There is no standard of care for @entity1 who progress during or after @entity1205 treatment, which represents a real unmet medical need. Several small retrospective studies suggest that @entity1 with mCRPC who responded to first-line @entity1205 -based therapy are sensitive to re-treatment, but a survival benefit in prospective randomized trials has not been demonstrated. Epithelial-stromal interactions in the @entity5 microenvironment appear to play a central role in @entity263 progression and response to therapy. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that underpin @entity263 progression have allowed the identification of potential therapeutic targets. New agents, including angiogenesis inhibitors, hormone therapies, chemotherapies, bone targeting agents, vaccines and immunotherapies are currently undergoing clinical development in @entity263 using @entity1205 as a backbone. Several Phase III studies have now been completed. Sipuleucel-T prolonged survival compared with placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic @entity1 with mCRPC. @entity15513 plus @entity229 prolonged survival in @entity1 with mCRPC who progressed during or after @entity1205 -based therapy compared with the active agent @entity2664 , plus @entity229 . Multidisciplinary management and optimization of the role and timing of new agents in this evolving treatment continuum will be critical to maximizing @entity1 outcomes. Identification of predictive markers and better gene expression profiling will be critical to tailoring therapies to individual @entity1 and disease states, whereas validated surrogate markers of overall survival will help accelerate drug approval.

title: Current and emerging treatment modalities for metastatic castration-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity15513 :: ('MESH:C552428', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabazitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 is described as @entity712 . However, it remains to be investigated whether the @entity296 is present even at rest. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to quantify left ventricular function at rest by means of tissue Doppler imaging in @entity1 with @entity82 and relate the findings to liver status and @entity82 aetiology. METHODS: Forty-four consecutive @entity1 and 23 age-matched healthy controls were included. Conventional echocardiographic- and tissue Doppler-derived indices of systolic and diastolic function were obtained. Liver function was quantified by the galactose elimination capacity and clinical stage by the @entity1 -Pugh and MELD scores. RESULTS: Both systolic and diastolic myocardial functions were compromised in the @entity1 at rest. Left ventricular ejection fraction (56.4    6.1 vs. 59.9    3.9%, P<0.02), mean peak systolic tissue velocity (4.6    0.9 vs. 5.6    0.7 cm/s, P<0.001) and mean systolic strain rate (-1.23    0.19 vs. -1.5    0.14/s, P<0.001) were all reduced in @entity82 @entity1 . Thirty-four @entity1 (54%) had @entity67 , 11 had impaired diastolic relaxation pattern (25%), 12 had the more severe pseudonormal filling pattern (27%) and one had restrictive filling or severe @entity67 (2%). None of the echocardiographic findings were related to the @entity82 aetiology. CONCLUSION: Tissue Doppler imaging during rest detected substantial systolic and diastolic @entity296 in cirrhotic @entity1 . This supports the existence of a distinct cirrhotic @entity296 .

title: Resting @entity296 in XXXX quantified by tissue Doppler imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['latent cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 is described as @entity712 . However, it remains to be investigated whether the @entity296 is present even at rest. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to quantify left ventricular function at rest by means of tissue Doppler imaging in @entity1 with @entity82 and relate the findings to liver status and @entity82 aetiology. METHODS: Forty-four consecutive @entity1 and 23 age-matched healthy controls were included. Conventional echocardiographic- and tissue Doppler-derived indices of systolic and diastolic function were obtained. Liver function was quantified by the galactose elimination capacity and clinical stage by the @entity1 -Pugh and MELD scores. RESULTS: Both systolic and diastolic myocardial functions were compromised in the @entity1 at rest. Left ventricular ejection fraction (56.4    6.1 vs. 59.9    3.9%, P<0.02), mean peak systolic tissue velocity (4.6    0.9 vs. 5.6    0.7 cm/s, P<0.001) and mean systolic strain rate (-1.23    0.19 vs. -1.5    0.14/s, P<0.001) were all reduced in @entity82 @entity1 . Thirty-four @entity1 (54%) had @entity67 , 11 had impaired diastolic relaxation pattern (25%), 12 had the more severe pseudonormal filling pattern (27%) and one had restrictive filling or severe @entity67 (2%). None of the echocardiographic findings were related to the @entity82 aetiology. CONCLUSION: Tissue Doppler imaging during rest detected substantial systolic and diastolic @entity296 in cirrhotic @entity1 . This supports the existence of a distinct cirrhotic @entity296 .

title: Resting XXXX in @entity82 quantified by tissue Doppler imaging.

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of breast symptoms during pregnancy or lactation can be challenging but prompt, appropriate assessment of symptoms may lead to earlier @entity5 detection. METHODS: A review of breast imaging from 22 @entity1 with @entity0 during or within 1 year of pregnancy was undertaken as part of a large population-based study of gestational @entity0 . Consensus findings of three reads using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon were recorded. RESULTS: The commonest presenting symptom was a lump. Diagnosis by percutaneous biopsy was made correctly in 21 of 23 lesions. Lesions were @entity513 (91%). One third had extensive associated @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). Ultrasound (US) was abnormal in all symptomatic @entity1 . The most common sonographic finding was a solitary hypoechoic mass with irregular margins. 'Expanded stroma' with prominent ducts and architectural distortion was noted in three cases; all had extensive high-grade @entity3821 . In three @entity1 , bilateral breast US detected @entity5 in the asymptomatic breast. Mammography (performed in 86% of @entity1 ) was abnormal in 74%, despite the presence of dense breast tissue in 47%. Widespread calcifications were visible in 26%, with detection of asymptomatic @entity66 in one @entity1 . MRI was performed in six @entity1 . Background parenchymal enhancement did not impair lesion detection; however, overestimation of lesion size can occur. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography is recommended for the initial diagnosis of breast symptoms during pregnancy and lactation. A negative study should not delay direct fine needle aspiration of a palpable lesion. Mammography is indicated where initial assessment suggests malignancy. MRI may have a role in selected cases.

title: Reducing delay in the diagnosis of pregnancy-associated XXXX : how imaging can help us.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['contra-lateral disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and management of leak from the tip of the J-pouch after IPAA has not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report our experience in the diagnosis and management of these leaks following primary IPAA. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review of prospectively gathered data. SETTINGS: Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained single-institution pelvic pouch database. @entity1 : Included in this study were @entity1 with a leak from the tip of the J-pouch after primary IPAA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main measures of outcomes after salvage surgery were pouch failure, pouch function, and quality of life. RESULTS: There were 27 (14 male) @entity1 . Median age was 37 years (range, 20-73). Underlying disease in these @entity1 was @entity31 in 22 @entity1 . Predominant symptoms were @entity490 (n = 15) and @entity221 (n = 5). Twenty @entity1 had either a pelvic abscess detected by CT or MRI or a leak demonstrated at gastrografin enema or pouchoscopy. In 6 @entity1 , the diagnosis was only made at salvage surgery. In 1 @entity1 , the leak-associated abscess was detected during emergent laparotomy for @entity298 before salvage surgery. Of 27 @entity1 , 1 had successful CT-guided drainage without the need for further surgery. Another @entity1 had pouch resection with end ileostomy. Salvage surgery was performed in 25 @entity1 by means of pouch repair (n = 23) and new pouch creation (n = 2); 8 @entity1 had a repeat @entity254 . Median time from primary IPAA to salvage surgery was 0.9 years (0.13-9.8). Twenty-four @entity1 with salvage surgery have a functioning pouch after a mean follow-up of 3.2    1.9 years. LIMITATIONS: : The study was limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: Leak from the tip of the J-pouch is indolent and diagnosis can be difficult. Satisfactory outcomes in terms of pouch retention may be expected after appropriate surgical management.

title: Management of leak from the tip of the "J" in ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although for asymptomatic @entity99 conservative management is generally recommended, factors affecting the disease course are still not very well understood. AIM: To determine disease characteristics of @entity2477 and factors affecting its progression in @entity1 from a general hepatology clinic in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 198 @entity1 with cavernous @entity409 visiting a large private hepatology clinic in Tehran from 1997 to 2007. Of a total of 198 cases, 129 could be followed up for a period of 3.2    2.5 years, and 80 of these had 1-5 repeated sonographies. RESULTS: @entity1 were between 27 and 84 years old (mean age: 44.3    10.9 years), and 131 (66.2%) were female. Thirty-six @entity1 (18.2%) had @entity2695 . @entity490 was the primary reason for evaluation in 100 (50.5%) @entity1 . @entity490 at the beginning of the follow-up was significantly associated with having @entity1744 [odds ratio (OR)=8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.1-28.7] or other @entity344 (OR=3.9; 95% CI: 2.6-10.2), but not with @entity2695 size, number, or location. During follow-up, having a @entity75 at the time of diagnosis, adjusted for age, sex, and presence of @entity1744 , was a strong predictor of persistent @entity158 during follow-up (OR=11.1; 95% CI: 3.2-38.6). In repeated sonographies, 35% showed an increased size, which was significantly associated only with having a single lesion (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Many symptoms in @entity99 are attributable to accompanying @entity344 . @entity1 with a @entity75 are more likely to have persistent @entity158 , and single lesions are more likely to grow in size.

title: Cavernous XXXX : factors affecting disease progression in general hepatology practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'giant hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['single giant lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemangiomas', 'hepatic hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['hemangioma of the liver']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intracranial subdural @entity1410 is a rare but potentially fatal complication of spinal anesthesia (SA). This case is intended to highlight the importance of careful follow-up of @entity1 with a @entity2794 that develops after SA. CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old @entity1 underwent saphenous vein ligation for varices under SA. On the first postoperative day, she complained of severe @entity10 that was controllable with oral analgesics. Two weeks later, bilateral @entity2896 with @entity892 developed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed small bilateral subdural @entity3609 . @entity892 and @entity10 (no longer postural) were relieved after administration of @entity619 , but reappeared 6 wks later. This time, MRI showed large subdural @entity1410 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity937 . CONCLUSIONS: Persistent @entity10 after SA requires careful neurologic and radiologic follow-up for exclusion of chronic @entity510 . Pharmacologic treatment may mask some @entity16 and delay diagnosis of @entity1504 related to SA.

title: Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas with XXXX complicating spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['burr-hole decompression']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complications']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['Diplopia', 'diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['postural headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic symptoms']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: It is possible that bioelectric activity of the both brain hemispheres is changed in @entity1 with a @entity10579 ( @entity10579 ), a marker of @entity75 . It could be connected probably with @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity10579 . MATERIAL: Visual analysis of EEG was done in 41 @entity1 with @entity10579 aged 2 months to 17 years and in 32 @entity1 without @entity10579 aged 3 months to 17 years. It induced 8 EEG curve pairs from each @entity1 , that means 328 pairs in @entity10579 and 256 pairs without @entity10579 @entity1 . METHODS: EEG pattern was analysed by two physicians with an electro-encephalography license and data are a mean value of both analysis. Analysed were 40 minute EEG patterns, registered by 16 channels MedtronicDantec EEG PL-270 Video Option Aparat. RESULTS: Brain bioelectric activity was significantly more often immature and basic activity irregular in @entity1 with @entity10579 than in the group without @entity10579 . Asymmetry of frequency and amplitude and slow activity were also significantly more often observed in @entity1 with @entity10579 . Abnormal graphoelements were also significantly more often disclosed in @entity1 with @entity10579 . CONCLUSIONS: Visual analysis disclosed significant differences of EEG pattern in @entity1 with and without @entity10579 . For identification of EEG from @entity1 with @entity10579 the quantitative method of analysis is necessary.

title: [Visual analysis of EEG in XXXX with a cavum of the septum pellucidum].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity10579 :: ('MESH:D015211', 'Disease') :: ['cavum of the spectrum pellucidum', 'CSP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysgenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An analysis of NIH funding in 1996 found that the strongest predictor of funding, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), explained only 39% of the variance in funding. In 1998, Congress requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) evaluate priority-setting criteria for NIH funding; the IOM recommended greater consideration of disease burden. We examined whether the association between current burden and funding has changed since that time. METHODS: We analyzed public data on 2006 NIH funding for 29 common conditions. Measures of US disease burden in 2004 were obtained from the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study and national databases. We assessed the relationship between disease burden and NIH funding dollars in univariate and multivariable log-linear models that evaluated all measures of disease burden. Sensitivity analyses examined associations with future US burden, current and future measures of world disease burden, and a newly standardized NIH accounting method. RESULTS: In univariate and multivariable analyses, disease-specific NIH funding levels increased with @entity66 measured in DALYs (p=0.001), which accounted for 33% of funding level variation. No other factor predicted funding in multivariable models. Conditions receiving the most funding greater than expected based on disease burden were @entity791 ( 2474 M), @entity6 ( 390 M), and perinatal conditions ( 297 M). @entity308 ( 719 M), injuries ( 691 M), and @entity1030 ( 613 M) were the most underfunded. Results were similar using estimates of future US burden, current and future world disease burden, and alternate NIH accounting methods. CONCLUSIONS: Current levels of NIH disease-specific research funding correlate modestly with US disease burden, and correlation has not improved in the last decade.

title: NIH disease funding levels and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['burden of disease']