abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the natural history, identify risk factors, and determine outcomes for the development of @entity260 in the elderly. BACKGROUND: @entity260 is a common and deleterious complication in geriatric @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects older than 50 years scheduled for an operation requiring a postoperative intensive care unit admission were recruited. After preoperative informed written consent, enrolled subjects had baseline cognitive and functional assessments. Postoperatively, subjects were assessed daily for @entity933 using the confusion assessment method-intensive care unit. @entity1 were also followed for outcomes. RESULTS: During the study period, 144 @entity1 were enrolled before major abdominal (40%), @entity1514 (53%), or vascular (7%) operations. The overall incidence of @entity933 was 44% (64/144). The average time to onset of @entity933 was 2.1 +/- 0.9 days and the mean duration of @entity933 was 4.0 +/- 5.1 days. Several preoperative variables were associated with an increased risk of @entity933 including older age (P < 0.001), @entity4988 (P < 0.001), impaired functional status (P < 0.001), pre-existing @entity303 (P < 0.001), and pre-existing comorbidities (P < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, pre-existing @entity303 remains the strongest risk factor for the development of @entity260 . Worse outcomes, including increased length of stay (P < 0.001), postdischarge institutionalization (P < 0.001), and 6 month mortality (P = 0.001), occurred in subjects who developed @entity933 . CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, @entity933 occurred in 44% of elderly @entity1 after a major operation. Pre-existing @entity73 was the strongest predictor of the development of @entity260 . Outcomes, including an increased rate of 6 month mortality, were worse in @entity1 who developed @entity260 .

title: XXXX in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium', 'Postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative delirium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with right @entity4032 (RAI) have several @entity299 historically resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to assess whether current surgical strategies have improved the outcomes of @entity1 with RAI. METHODS: A retrospective review of our database from 1997 to 2010 identified 60 consecutive @entity1 with RAI who underwent initial palliation at Mt. Fuji Shizuoka @entity1 's Hospital. All of the @entity1 had a functional single ventricle. Of the 60 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 (51.7%) had @entity3885 (TAPVD), 23 @entity1 (40.3%) had significant (more than moderate) @entity340 ( @entity340 ), 7 @entity1 (12.3%) had @entity357 , and 4 @entity1 (6.7%) had major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Pulmonary outflow @entity1146 was present in 39 of the @entity1 (65%), and 46 @entity1 had systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts. Of the 33 @entity1 with TAPVD, 18 underwent repair of the condition at initial palliation, 9 others at the time of a Glenn operation, 2 more through a Fontan operation, and 4 at the interstage between palliative surgeries. Eight of the 23 @entity1 with significant @entity340 underwent @entity340 at initial palliation, 8 others at the time of Glenn operation, 4 others at the time of Fontan operation, and 3 during the interstage between operations. An initial neonatal surgical procedure was performed in 30 @entity1 (50%). The mean follow-up period for @entity1 in the study was 53.1 months. RESULTS: Operative mortality after initial palliation was 15.4% (4 of 26 @entity1 ) before 2003 and 17.6% (6 of 34 @entity1 ) after 2004 (p=NS). Five-year survival was 53.8% before 2003 and 81.7% after 2004 (p=0.035, log-rank test). A multivariate analysis identified persistent @entity340 of more than moderate degree (p=0.04) as a factor associated with late mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of surgery for RAI are improving. Neonatal palliative surgery for RAI carries a high operative risk of early mortality, and persistent significant @entity340 remains a risk factor for late mortality.

title: Improving outcomes of the surgical management of right XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['atrial isomerism']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['AVVR', 'atrioventricular valvular regurgitation', 'atrioventricular valve repair']

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['atrial isomerism']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is considered a proinflammatory condition. Adipose tissue involvement seems evident because adiponectin levels correlate with disease remission and administration of leptin suppresses the low-grade systemic @entity32 in @entity19 with @entity1723 . Whether adipose tissue involvement in @entity1723 already occurs at a young age is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore the extent of adipokine alterations in pediatric @entity1723 and gain more insight into the mechanisms underlying the involvement of adipose tissue. DESIGN AND @entity1 : First, plasma adipokine profiling (24 adipokines) of 20 @entity1 with onset @entity1723 , 20 @entity1 with long-standing @entity1723 , and 17 healthy controls was performed using a recently developed and validated multiplex immunoassay. Second, the effects of @entity6 plasma factors on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation were studied in vitro. RESULTS: In @entity1 with onset and long-standing @entity1723 , plasma adipokine profiling showed increased levels of various adipokines acting at the crossroads of adipose tissue function and @entity32 , including @entity2842 / @entity2842 and the novel adipokines cathepsin S, @entity1572 , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, onset and long-standing @entity6 plasma significantly induced preadipocyte proliferation and adipocyte differentiation in vitro (P < 0.05). Two candidate plasma factors, @entity413 and the saturated fatty acid @entity7609 , did not affect proliferation or adipocyte differentiation in vitro but were found to increase @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) secretion by adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The adipogenic effects of @entity6 plasma in vitro and the altered adipokine levels in vivo suggest adipose tissue involvement in the low-grade @entity32 associated with @entity1723 , already in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Altered plasma adipokine levels and in vitro adipocyte differentiation in pediatric type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['CCL2', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Fescue @entity8956 is caused by consumption of toxins produced by an endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum, in @entity18959 [ @entity18959 ]. Microarray analysis was used to identify shifts in genetic expression associated with the affected physiological processes to identify potential targets for future pharmacological/toxicological intervention. Male @entity35 (n = 24) were implanted with temperature transmitters, which measure core temperature every 5 min. After an 8-d recovery, the @entity35 were fed an endophyte-free diet for 5 d. During the following 5-d treatment period, @entity35 were fed either an endophyte-free or an endophyte-infected (91.5 microg of ergovaline.kg of BW(-1).d(-1)) diet. At the end of treatment, @entity35 were euthanized and a sample of the liver was obtained. Feed conversion efficiency was calculated for both treatment groups. Serum prolactin concentrations were measured using ELISA. Liver tissue RNA was reverse transcribed and hybridized to an oligonucleotide microarray chip. Microarray data were analyzed using a 2-step ANOVA model and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Significant reductions in mean core temperature, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, BW, liver weight per unit of BW, and serum prolactin concentrations were observed in endophyte-infected @entity35 . There was downregulation (P < 0.05) of various genes associated with energy metabolism, growth and development, and antioxidant protection, as well as an upregulation of genes associated with gluconeogenesis, detoxification, and biotransformation. This study demonstrated that even short-term exposure of @entity35 to @entity18959 endophytic toxins under thermoneutral conditions can result in physiological responses associated with altered gene expression within the liver.

title: Genomic analysis of the impact of fescue XXXX on hepatic function.

entities_list: @entity18959 :: ('4606', 'Species') :: ['Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh', 'tall fescue']

entities_list: @entity8956 :: ('MESH:C565846', 'Disease') :: ['toxicosis']

answer: @entity8956 :: (MESH:C565846,Disease) :: ['toxicosis']


abstract: Radiotherapy and surgery are the most important treatment modalities for the majority of @entity5 . Because of high efficacy and better organ preservation radiotherapy is generally preferred for early and intermediate stage of the disease. Some of @entity1 with more locally advanced @entity5 can still be cured by means of radiotherapy, but we have not got reliable prognostics factors for predicting radiocurability. THE AIM OF MY STUDY: was to investigate the value of @entity876 and @entity470 expression for predicting clinical outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study included 50 @entity1 with @entity5 treated in Department of Radiotherapy of Silesian Oncology Center between the years 1998 and 2003. Paraffin sections from archival material were studied immunohistochemically for detection @entity876 and @entity470 and correlated with clinical parameters and @entity5 control and @entity1 survival. RESULTS: Accumulation of @entity876 and @entity470 were detected in 65% and 50% of @entity5 respectively. No relationship was observed between immunostaining for investigated proteins and clinicopathologic factors. The @entity2802 @entity5 stage was the most significant prognostic factor for local control and overall survival. @entity876 was favorable prognostic factor with 5-years disease free survival rate 82% for @entity1 @entity876 -positive and 75% for @entity876 -negative @entity1 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The @entity2802 @entity5 stage is the most important prognostic factor for @entity5 . Tumors accumulating @entity876 have better prognosis what indicates possibly role for @entity876 immunohistochemical analysis for predicting outcomes of radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: [Relation between @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and XXXX expression and radiocurability of laryngeal squamous cell cancer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'cancers', 'laryngeal cancers', 'local tumor']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Radiotherapy and surgery are the most important treatment modalities for the majority of @entity5 . Because of high efficacy and better organ preservation radiotherapy is generally preferred for early and intermediate stage of the disease. Some of @entity1 with more locally advanced @entity5 can still be cured by means of radiotherapy, but we have not got reliable prognostics factors for predicting radiocurability. THE AIM OF MY STUDY: was to investigate the value of @entity876 and @entity470 expression for predicting clinical outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study included 50 @entity1 with @entity5 treated in Department of Radiotherapy of Silesian Oncology Center between the years 1998 and 2003. Paraffin sections from archival material were studied immunohistochemically for detection @entity876 and @entity470 and correlated with clinical parameters and @entity5 control and @entity1 survival. RESULTS: Accumulation of @entity876 and @entity470 were detected in 65% and 50% of @entity5 respectively. No relationship was observed between immunostaining for investigated proteins and clinicopathologic factors. The @entity2802 @entity5 stage was the most significant prognostic factor for local control and overall survival. @entity876 was favorable prognostic factor with 5-years disease free survival rate 82% for @entity1 @entity876 -positive and 75% for @entity876 -negative @entity1 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The @entity2802 @entity5 stage is the most important prognostic factor for @entity5 . Tumors accumulating @entity876 have better prognosis what indicates possibly role for @entity876 immunohistochemical analysis for predicting outcomes of radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: [Relation between XXXX ( @entity470 ) and @entity876 expression and radiocurability of laryngeal squamous cell cancer].

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: Radiotherapy and surgery are the most important treatment modalities for the majority of @entity5 . Because of high efficacy and better organ preservation radiotherapy is generally preferred for early and intermediate stage of the disease. Some of @entity1 with more locally advanced @entity5 can still be cured by means of radiotherapy, but we have not got reliable prognostics factors for predicting radiocurability. THE AIM OF MY STUDY: was to investigate the value of @entity876 and @entity470 expression for predicting clinical outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study included 50 @entity1 with @entity5 treated in Department of Radiotherapy of Silesian Oncology Center between the years 1998 and 2003. Paraffin sections from archival material were studied immunohistochemically for detection @entity876 and @entity470 and correlated with clinical parameters and @entity5 control and @entity1 survival. RESULTS: Accumulation of @entity876 and @entity470 were detected in 65% and 50% of @entity5 respectively. No relationship was observed between immunostaining for investigated proteins and clinicopathologic factors. The @entity2802 @entity5 stage was the most significant prognostic factor for local control and overall survival. @entity876 was favorable prognostic factor with 5-years disease free survival rate 82% for @entity1 @entity876 -positive and 75% for @entity876 -negative @entity1 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The @entity2802 @entity5 stage is the most important prognostic factor for @entity5 . Tumors accumulating @entity876 have better prognosis what indicates possibly role for @entity876 immunohistochemical analysis for predicting outcomes of radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: [Relation between @entity470 ( XXXX ) and @entity876 expression and radiocurability of laryngeal squamous cell cancer].

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) is a rare @entity8884 , which often requires long-term corticosteroid treatment. Locally acting @entity4184 could replace systemic @entity228 therapy and reduce @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1593 . AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity4184 in @entity1 with @entity1593 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical and histological data from @entity1 with @entity1593 who received @entity4184 were analyzed. @entity1593 was defined as villous @entity194 in spite of a strict gluten-free diet persisting for >6 months or requiring earlier therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: We identified 9 @entity1 (1 with @entity7017 , 4 with @entity1593 type I without and 3 with @entity1593 type II with signs of early @entity784 and 1 with @entity404 -positive sprue-like @entity784 ), who received 9 mg/day of @entity4184 (range 6-12) for 24 months (1-60), and 7 of whom had an initial treatment with 40 mg/day of @entity617 (30-60) for 4 months (1-144). The initial body mass index was 18 (13.1-22.8) and increased similarly under @entity617 [21.5 (14.9-26.7), p < 0.05] and @entity4184 therapy [21 (18-27.2), p < 0.05]. The stool frequency per day also decreased similarly from 6 (2-8) to 2 (1-3) and 2 (1-5), each p < 0.05, under @entity617 and @entity4184 therapy, respectively. Two @entity1 with @entity1593 type II did not respond and 7, including all 4 with @entity1593 type I, were clinically stable with @entity4184 therapy. @entity19012 in 1 @entity1 was the only adverse effect of @entity4184 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4184 may be an effective treatment option in @entity1 with @entity1593 type I, which can stabilize the clinical condition similar to @entity617 .

title: Therapy with XXXX in @entity1 with refractory sprue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['Refractory sprue', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption syndrome']

entities_list: @entity19012 :: ('MESH:C536183', 'Disease') :: ['Skin fragility']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma', 'intestinal T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy and malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) is a rare @entity8884 , which often requires long-term corticosteroid treatment. Locally acting @entity4184 could replace systemic @entity228 therapy and reduce @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1593 . AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity4184 in @entity1 with @entity1593 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical and histological data from @entity1 with @entity1593 who received @entity4184 were analyzed. @entity1593 was defined as villous @entity194 in spite of a strict gluten-free diet persisting for >6 months or requiring earlier therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: We identified 9 @entity1 (1 with @entity7017 , 4 with @entity1593 type I without and 3 with @entity1593 type II with signs of early @entity784 and 1 with @entity404 -positive sprue-like @entity784 ), who received 9 mg/day of @entity4184 (range 6-12) for 24 months (1-60), and 7 of whom had an initial treatment with 40 mg/day of @entity617 (30-60) for 4 months (1-144). The initial body mass index was 18 (13.1-22.8) and increased similarly under @entity617 [21.5 (14.9-26.7), p < 0.05] and @entity4184 therapy [21 (18-27.2), p < 0.05]. The stool frequency per day also decreased similarly from 6 (2-8) to 2 (1-3) and 2 (1-5), each p < 0.05, under @entity617 and @entity4184 therapy, respectively. Two @entity1 with @entity1593 type II did not respond and 7, including all 4 with @entity1593 type I, were clinically stable with @entity4184 therapy. @entity19012 in 1 @entity1 was the only adverse effect of @entity4184 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4184 may be an effective treatment option in @entity1 with @entity1593 type I, which can stabilize the clinical condition similar to @entity617 .

title: Therapy with @entity4184 in XXXX with refractory sprue.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: This study was conducted as a feasibility pilot for the Risk stratification Of @entity1163 in the Emergency department (ROSE) study. The secondary aim was to compare the performance of our existing @entity341 ( @entity341 ) guidelines with existing clinical decision rules (Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla Sincope nel Lazio (OESIL) Score and San Francisco @entity1163 Rule; SFSR) at predicting short-term (1 week and 1 month) and medium-term (3 months) serious outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1163 presenting to the @entity341 . METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. All @entity1 presenting with @entity1163 aged > or = 16 years between 7 November 2005 and 7 February 2006 were prospectively enrolled. RESULTS: 99 @entity1 were recruited over a 3-month period. 44 @entity1 were admitted and 55 discharged from the @entity341 . 11 @entity1 had a serious outcome: 8 by 7 days and a further 3 by 3 months. Five @entity1 died by 3 months and six others had an alternative serious outcome. All 11 @entity1 had been admitted from the @entity341 , 7 were at high risk, 4 were at medium risk and none were at low risk according to our existing @entity341 guidelines. Percentages of serious outcomes were 0%, 2.9%, 8.0%, 22.7% and 37.5% for OESIL scores of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. 40 @entity1 had none of the 5 SFSR high-risk factors (0 serious outcomes = 0%) and 59 @entity1 had an SFSR high-risk factor (11 serious outcomes = 18.6%). The risk of serious outcome at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months was 8.1%, 8.1% and 11.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A study to derive and validate a UK @entity341 @entity1163 clinical decision rule is feasible. This pilot study has evaluated the OESIL score, the SFSR and our existing @entity341 guidelines, and has shown that each is able to identify an increased probability of medium-term serious outcome in @entity1 with @entity1163 . The SFSR shows good sensitivity at the expense of an increase in admissions to hospital; however, our existing @entity1163 and the OESIL Score, although being able to successfully risk stratify @entity1 , are not sufficiently sensitive to be able to reduce admissions without missing @entity1 at risk of a serious outcome. Undoubtedly there is a need for a simple UK-derived clinical decision rule for @entity1 presenting with @entity1163 to enable safe, effective clinical care and to aid less experienced decision makers.

title: The Risk stratification Of XXXX in the Emergency department (ROSE) pilot study: a comparison of existing @entity1163 guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['ED syncope guidelines', 'syncope', 'Syncope']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['Syncope']


abstract: AIMS: This study was conducted as a feasibility pilot for the Risk stratification Of @entity1163 in the Emergency department (ROSE) study. The secondary aim was to compare the performance of our existing @entity341 ( @entity341 ) guidelines with existing clinical decision rules (Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla Sincope nel Lazio (OESIL) Score and San Francisco @entity1163 Rule; SFSR) at predicting short-term (1 week and 1 month) and medium-term (3 months) serious outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1163 presenting to the @entity341 . METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. All @entity1 presenting with @entity1163 aged > or = 16 years between 7 November 2005 and 7 February 2006 were prospectively enrolled. RESULTS: 99 @entity1 were recruited over a 3-month period. 44 @entity1 were admitted and 55 discharged from the @entity341 . 11 @entity1 had a serious outcome: 8 by 7 days and a further 3 by 3 months. Five @entity1 died by 3 months and six others had an alternative serious outcome. All 11 @entity1 had been admitted from the @entity341 , 7 were at high risk, 4 were at medium risk and none were at low risk according to our existing @entity341 guidelines. Percentages of serious outcomes were 0%, 2.9%, 8.0%, 22.7% and 37.5% for OESIL scores of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. 40 @entity1 had none of the 5 SFSR high-risk factors (0 serious outcomes = 0%) and 59 @entity1 had an SFSR high-risk factor (11 serious outcomes = 18.6%). The risk of serious outcome at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months was 8.1%, 8.1% and 11.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A study to derive and validate a UK @entity341 @entity1163 clinical decision rule is feasible. This pilot study has evaluated the OESIL score, the SFSR and our existing @entity341 guidelines, and has shown that each is able to identify an increased probability of medium-term serious outcome in @entity1 with @entity1163 . The SFSR shows good sensitivity at the expense of an increase in admissions to hospital; however, our existing @entity1163 and the OESIL Score, although being able to successfully risk stratify @entity1 , are not sufficiently sensitive to be able to reduce admissions without missing @entity1 at risk of a serious outcome. Undoubtedly there is a need for a simple UK-derived clinical decision rule for @entity1 presenting with @entity1163 to enable safe, effective clinical care and to aid less experienced decision makers.

title: The Risk stratification Of @entity1163 in the Emergency department (ROSE) pilot study: a comparison of existing XXXX guidelines.

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for vertigo, @entity10 and @entity391 at the end of July, 2001. Under a diagnosis of @entity17692 and right @entity2 , she underwent a resection of @entity17692 on August 7, 2001. The histopathological diagnosis was " @entity420 ". @entity2 was doubted as for the origin, however, she did not want further examination. The @entity1 was given 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy ( @entity3003 +VNR) and radiotherapy (50 Gy), and discharged. @entity4562 treatment was begun in September, 2002 at her request. The @entity5 marker was not elevated, and the @entity5 size on CT showed the tendency toward some reduction. Close examination including PET revealed no @entity3 . The @entity1 then underwent right upper lobectomy ( @entity11702 2 a) on October 8, 2004 at her request. Histopathologically, psammoma body existed but no @entity5 cells nor lymph node @entity3 . It seemed that there was a complete response by @entity4562 after 3 years.

title: [A case of complete response in a primary lesion treated by @entity4562 for two years after surgery of brain @entity3 from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tumor']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for vertigo, @entity10 and @entity391 at the end of July, 2001. Under a diagnosis of @entity17692 and right @entity2 , she underwent a resection of @entity17692 on August 7, 2001. The histopathological diagnosis was " @entity420 ". @entity2 was doubted as for the origin, however, she did not want further examination. The @entity1 was given 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy ( @entity3003 +VNR) and radiotherapy (50 Gy), and discharged. @entity4562 treatment was begun in September, 2002 at her request. The @entity5 marker was not elevated, and the @entity5 size on CT showed the tendency toward some reduction. Close examination including PET revealed no @entity3 . The @entity1 then underwent right upper lobectomy ( @entity11702 2 a) on October 8, 2004 at her request. Histopathologically, psammoma body existed but no @entity5 cells nor lymph node @entity3 . It seemed that there was a complete response by @entity4562 after 3 years.

title: [A case of complete response in a primary lesion treated by @entity4562 for two years after surgery of brain XXXX from @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for vertigo, @entity10 and @entity391 at the end of July, 2001. Under a diagnosis of @entity17692 and right @entity2 , she underwent a resection of @entity17692 on August 7, 2001. The histopathological diagnosis was " @entity420 ". @entity2 was doubted as for the origin, however, she did not want further examination. The @entity1 was given 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy ( @entity3003 +VNR) and radiotherapy (50 Gy), and discharged. @entity4562 treatment was begun in September, 2002 at her request. The @entity5 marker was not elevated, and the @entity5 size on CT showed the tendency toward some reduction. Close examination including PET revealed no @entity3 . The @entity1 then underwent right upper lobectomy ( @entity11702 2 a) on October 8, 2004 at her request. Histopathologically, psammoma body existed but no @entity5 cells nor lymph node @entity3 . It seemed that there was a complete response by @entity4562 after 3 years.

title: [A case of complete response in a primary lesion treated by XXXX for two years after surgery of brain @entity3 from @entity2 ].

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . Encouraging results are emerging in @entity263 risk reduction with @entity10831 (5AR) inhibitors. The @entity263 Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that @entity263 risk is reduced by @entity585 . However, there was an increase in the incidence of high-grade @entity263 with @entity585 treatment vs placebo. The number of cases should have increased during the study in the @entity585 group with the length of exposure to the drug. But, in fact the ratio between the two groups was lower during the fourth year. This therefore favours the hypothesis of a bias in the results. There are many hypotheses to explain the increase in the prevalence of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 therapy. The effects of @entity585 on prostate volume rather than on the @entity5 's morphology and a selective inhibition of low-grade @entity5 may have contributed to the increase the number of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 in the PCPT. Despite the current trend to explain the increase of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 therapy by a detection bias, other studies underline the potential role of low levels of @entity586 in the genesis of high-grade @entity5 . In May 2008, a re-analysis of the PCPT results showed a significant decrease of 30% in the overall risk of @entity263 in the @entity585 group vs the placebo group, but it also found a statistically non-significant and less important increase of the prevalence of high-grade @entity5 in the @entity585 group. However, the 5AR isoenzyme type 1 is present at higher rates than type 2 in high-grade @entity5 . Thus, @entity585 is probably not the ideal drug to prevent high-grade @entity5 .

title: High-grade XXXX and @entity585 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . Encouraging results are emerging in @entity263 risk reduction with @entity10831 (5AR) inhibitors. The @entity263 Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that @entity263 risk is reduced by @entity585 . However, there was an increase in the incidence of high-grade @entity263 with @entity585 treatment vs placebo. The number of cases should have increased during the study in the @entity585 group with the length of exposure to the drug. But, in fact the ratio between the two groups was lower during the fourth year. This therefore favours the hypothesis of a bias in the results. There are many hypotheses to explain the increase in the prevalence of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 therapy. The effects of @entity585 on prostate volume rather than on the @entity5 's morphology and a selective inhibition of low-grade @entity5 may have contributed to the increase the number of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 in the PCPT. Despite the current trend to explain the increase of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 therapy by a detection bias, other studies underline the potential role of low levels of @entity586 in the genesis of high-grade @entity5 . In May 2008, a re-analysis of the PCPT results showed a significant decrease of 30% in the overall risk of @entity263 in the @entity585 group vs the placebo group, but it also found a statistically non-significant and less important increase of the prevalence of high-grade @entity5 in the @entity585 group. However, the 5AR isoenzyme type 1 is present at higher rates than type 2 in high-grade @entity5 . Thus, @entity585 is probably not the ideal drug to prevent high-grade @entity5 .

title: High-grade @entity263 and XXXX .

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['finasteride']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of establishing walk-in centres alongside @entity341 ( @entity341 ) on attendance rates, visit duration, process, costs and outcome of care. METHODS: Eight hospitals with co-located @entity341 and walk-in centres were compared with eight matched @entity341 without walk-in centres. Site visits were conducted. Routine data about attendance numbers and use of resources were analysed. A random sample of records of @entity1 attending before and after the opening of walk-in centres was also assessed. @entity1 who had not been admitted to hospital were sent a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: At most sites, the walk-in centres did not have a distinct identity and there were few differences in the way services were provided compared with control sites. Overall, there was no evidence of an increase in attendance at sites with walk-in centres, but considerable variability across sites was found. The proportion of @entity1 managed within the 4 h National Health Service target improved at sites both with and without walk-in centres. There was no evidence of any difference in reconsultation rates, costs of care or @entity1 outcomes at sites with or without walk-in centres. CONCLUSIONS: Most hospitals in this study implemented the walk-in centre concept to a very limited extent. Consequently, there was no evidence of any effect on attendance rates, process, costs or outcome of care.

title: The impact of co-located NHS walk-in centres on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: Perioperative @entity2332 is common and adversely affects clinical outcomes due to its effect on a range of homeostatic functions. Many of these adverse consequences are preventable by the use of warming techniques. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant published articles on perioperative @entity2332 and warming. The databases searched include MEDLINE (1966 to February 2005), EMBASE (1974 to February 2005), CINAHL, the Cochrane library and the health technology assessment database. Reference lists of key articles were also searched. The primary beneficial effects of warming are mediated through increased blood flow and @entity26 tension at tissue level. @entity2737 , @entity190 and @entity158 with warming is promising. However, more evidence from good-quality prospective randomised controlled trials is needed to evaluate the role of warming in improving overall morbidity, mortality and hospital stay as well as to clarify its role as an adjunct to resuscitation and during the pre-hospital transport phase of critically ill @entity1 . Awareness of the risks of perioperative @entity2332 is the key to prevention. Achieving normothermia throughout the @entity1 's journey is a worthwhile goal in surgical @entity1 .

title: Effects of perioperative XXXX and warming in surgical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Reduction in wound infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['perioperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with metastatic and muscle-invasive @entity150 are commonly treated with @entity900 . A significant proportion of @entity1 develop disease progression after an initial response to chemotherapy. Presently there is no standard of care for such @entity1 . We examined whether pretreatment with an epigenetic agent would result in reversal of drug resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methylation of proapoptotic and cell cycle genes in @entity150 cells was examined. @entity900 - and @entity1205 -resistant cells were generated. The effect of target of methylation-induced silencing ( @entity938 ) expression and pretreatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity2591 on chemosensitivity was determined. RESULTS: Unidirectional crossresistance of @entity900 -resistant UMUC3 cells to @entity1205 was observed. Recombinant expression of @entity938 or pre-treatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity2591 resulted in enhanced sensitivity to @entity900 and @entity1205 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that epigenetic therapy may restore sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in @entity150 cells.

title: XXXX reverses drug resistance in @entity150 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity2591 :: (MESH:D001374,Chemical) :: ['5-azacytidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with metastatic and muscle-invasive @entity150 are commonly treated with @entity900 . A significant proportion of @entity1 develop disease progression after an initial response to chemotherapy. Presently there is no standard of care for such @entity1 . We examined whether pretreatment with an epigenetic agent would result in reversal of drug resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methylation of proapoptotic and cell cycle genes in @entity150 cells was examined. @entity900 - and @entity1205 -resistant cells were generated. The effect of target of methylation-induced silencing ( @entity938 ) expression and pretreatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity2591 on chemosensitivity was determined. RESULTS: Unidirectional crossresistance of @entity900 -resistant UMUC3 cells to @entity1205 was observed. Recombinant expression of @entity938 or pre-treatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity2591 resulted in enhanced sensitivity to @entity900 and @entity1205 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that epigenetic therapy may restore sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in @entity150 cells.

title: @entity2591 reverses drug resistance in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells that can indefinitely grow in vitro. They are derived from the inner mass of early embryos. Because of their ability to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers, and finally into specialized somatic cell types, @entity1 embryonic stem cells represent important material for studying developmental biology and cell replacement therapy. They are usually isolated from excess @entity1 @entity2085 . Since many @entity1 regard isolation of @entity1 stem cells as intentional killing of the embryo, it is a very difficult ethical problem. Similar feelings concern medical or scientific use of these stem cells. Is this feeling correct, or does it arise from a sentimental view? The problem encloses two aspects: (i) use of stem cells for medical therapy and scientific research and (ii) isolation of stem cells from @entity1 @entity2085 . Worldwide @entity1 tissues are cultured, transplanted and used for medical and scientific research. Therefore, it may be concluded that factual use of @entity1 embryonic stem cells cannot be a real ethical problem. The main key of the problem seems to be hidden in the exact definition of ' @entity204 '; in other words: is there nothing between ' @entity204 ' and 'life'? Bacterial spores, lyophilised bacteria and other micro-organisms, micro-organisms stored in @entity653 mixtures at -80 degrees C and tissue cultures and sperm cells stored in liquid @entity1568 , they are all neither dead nor alive, but still viable. From this point it is clear that there is more than the antithesis 'dead' versus 'alive'. In addition, we think that there is still another alternative: partial @entity204 . The present view concerning isolation of stem cells implies that residual embryos and thus new @entity1 lives are killed, and that therefore these embryos must be (passively) destroyed. However, it is especially the very well planned IVF-procedure that makes that passive destruction of not-implanted embryos means intentional killing. By isolation of stem cells embryos are not fully killed: at least one embryonic cell, i.e., a stem cell, remains alive. The life of stem cells cannot be qualified as independent. Nevertheless, the embryo's life is not completely stopped and continues in a primitive way of life and consequently it is not completely dead. Against this background we feel that isolation of @entity1 embryonic stem cells is preferred instead of passive destruction.

title: Stem cells from residual XXXX - Continuation of life justifies isolation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['IVF-embryos']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity2085 :: (MESH:D020964,Disease) :: ['IVF-embryos']


abstract: Diagnosing @entity302 would facilitate referral for specialist pharmacological review and early consideration of @entity302 surgery. An outcomes study was undertaken in an unselected cohort of newly diagnosed @entity1 to determine the number of antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens needed to be failed before the @entity302 could be designated as pharmacoresistant. Between July 1982 and May 2001, 780 adolescents and adults prescribed their first AED at the Western Infirmary in Glasgow, Scotland provided longitudinal data suitable for analysis. Overall, 504 (64.6%) @entity1 became @entity410 free for at least 12 months. Of these, 462 (59.2%) remained in remission, while 42 (5.4%) relapsed and subsequently developed @entity302 . The relapse rate peaked at 10.4% after 8 years of follow-up. The other 276 (35.4%) @entity1 were uncontrolled from the outset. Prognosis appeared better in seniors (85% remission, P < 0.001) and adolescents (65% remission, P < 0.01) than in the remainder of the population (55% remission). Overall response rates with the first, second and third treatment schedules were 50.4, 10.7 and 2.7%, respectively, with only 0.8% @entity1 responding optimally to further drug trials. @entity1 not tolerating at least one AED schedule did better than those failing because of lack of efficacy. These data suggest that suitable @entity1 failing two AED regimens should be referred for @entity302 surgery. Those who do not attain long-term @entity410 freedom with the first three treatment schedules are likely to have @entity302 .

title: Diagnosing XXXX : response to sequential treatment schedules.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) affects 6% of the general population and is the fourth-leading cause of @entity204 in the United States with severe and very severe disease accounting for 15% and 3% of physician diagnoses of @entity1030 . Guidelines make few recommendations regarding providing the provision of care for the most severe stages of disease, namely Global Initiative for @entity1030 (GOLD) stages III and IV with @entity1576 . The effectiveness of inhaled drug therapy in very severe @entity1 has not been assessed yet. Health care systems in many countries include public funding of long-term @entity26 therapy for eligible candidates. Currently, there is little evidence for the use of mechanical ventilatory support in the routine management of hypercapnic @entity1 . Pulmonary rehabilitation should be considered as a significant component of therapy, even in the most severe @entity1 . Although Lung Volume Reduction Surgery has been shown to improve mortality, exercise capacity, and quality of life in selected @entity1 , this modality is associated with significant morbidity and an early mortality rate in the most severe @entity1 . Despite significant progress over the past 25 years, both short- and long-term outcomes remain significantly inferior for lung transplantation relative to other "solid" organ recipients. Nutritional assessment and management is an important therapeutic option in @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 . @entity1286 may significantly reduce dyspnoea and does not significantly accelerate @entity204 . No consistent improvement in dyspnoea over placebo has been shown with anxiolytics. Supplemental @entity26 during exercise reduces exertional breathlessness and improves exercise tolerance of the hypoxaemic @entity1 . Non-invasive ventilation has been used as a palliative treatment to reduce dyspnoea. @entity1030 @entity1 , on long-term @entity26 therapy, may show reduced health-related quality of life, cognitive function, and @entity308 . Only a small proportion of @entity1 with severe @entity1030 discuss end-of-life issues with their physicians.

title: The clinical management in extremely severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases', 'chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxaemic COPD', 'Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Background. @entity8344 infects @entity1 and adults, often causing @entity8585 , @entity625 , but also @entity2150 in @entity1 with chronic @entity417 , @entity1910 , @entity221 or @entity5617 . This study aims at the detection of acute @entity8344 infections during 2006-2009 in northern Greece on epidemiological and clinical aspect.Material and methods. Specimens were obtained from 63 @entity1 , who addressed to hospitals, suspected for acute @entity8344 @entity281 (17 in 2006, 29 in 2007, 10 in 2008 and 7 in 2009). Thirty (47.6%) were @entity1 (one day - 15 years old) and 33 (52.4%) were adults (16-65 years old). The @entity281 was shown by PCR in whole blood and/or pleural fluid and supported by detection of specific IgM antibodies in the patients' blood serum, which was performed by ELISA.Results. Twenty (31.7%) out of the 63 specimens were found to be positive: 3/17 (17.6 %) in 2006, 16/29 (55.2 %) in 2007, none in 2008 and 1/7 (14.3%) in 2009, p=0.0002. Positive @entity1 were found 10/30 (33.3%) and positive adults 10/33 (30.3%). Specific IgM antibodies were detected in all 20 positive @entity1 . @entity1 developed @entity1503 , mainly types of @entity417 (6 cases), hydrothorax/ascites (2 cases), @entity625 (1 case), and @entity409 (1 case). Adults were presented with pregnancy complications (2 cases), @entity4841 / @entity625 (4 cases), febrile syndromes (3 cases) and @entity1910 (1 case).Conclusions. In conclusion, an annual variation in the circulation of @entity8344 was noticed, presenting an increase of @entity697 in northern Greece during 2007. Regarding serious cases, although @entity1 and adults seemed equally affected, differences in clinical manifestations were observed between them, with @entity1503 predominant in childhood.

title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of XXXX infections during 2006-2009 in Northern Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic anaemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['atypical rash', 'rash']

entities_list: @entity8344 :: ('10798', 'Species') :: ['parvovirus B19', 'Parvovirus B19']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic crisis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver transplant rejection']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological dysfunctions', 'hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8585 :: ('MESH:D016731', 'Disease') :: ['erythema infectiosum']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and fetal hydrops']

answer: @entity8344 :: (10798,Species) :: ['human parvovirus B19']


abstract: Oral anticoagulant therapy with @entity1229 is commonly used to prevent @entity1031 in @entity1 at risk. The degree of anticoagulation is variable among individuals and is influenced by many factors; therefore, @entity1 must be monitored frequently to assess potential adverse effects related to treatment. There is a direct relationship between excessive anticoagulation and the risk of @entity548 . We present a @entity1 who came in with an acute abdomen, @entity417 , and increased international normalized ratio. Gastroscopy revealed a large amount of blood in the stomach. Hemodynamic instability necessitated urgent laparotomy. The small bowel was found to be @entity63 due to increased intraluminal pressure. Upon enterotomy, liters of old @entity1410 were evacuated and the intestine resumed its blood supply. To our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of intraluminal @entity1410 as a rare cause of obstructive mechanical ileus during @entity1229 treatment. This case highlights an unknown, but potentially lethal, manifestation of @entity1229 therapy.

title: XXXX -induced gastric bleeding and intestinal obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a well-known complication in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). There is good evidence that maintaining a normal body-weight correlates well with improved survival in @entity1577 . Energy intake in excess of 120% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) has been advised since 1980s. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the nutritional intake and status in the adult Scandinavian @entity1577 -population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional multi-centre study was used to investigate the nutritional status of 456 adult @entity1577 - @entity1 (2003 2006). Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) and z-scores were calculated. Pulmonary function was examined by dynamic spirometry. A 7-day pre-coded food record (FR) obtained energy and nutrient intake data in 180 @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean energy intake was 114 (SD 30.0)% of EAR and thus significantly lower than the target of 120% EAR (p< 0.001) for @entity1 with @entity3210 ( @entity3210 ) (n=136). Mean BMI was 22.0 (SD 2.9), the prevalence of BMI <18 was 13% and the prevalence of BMI >= 25 was 15% (n=136). Mean BMI was 20.8 (SD 2.4) in @entity3210 - @entity1 with FEV(1) <70% and 23.2% (SD 3.0), in @entity3210 - @entity1 with FEV(1) >= 70%, mean difference 2.4, (95% CI: 1.5, 3.3) (p<0.001), but there was no difference in energy intake. BMI >= 18.5 and a reported energy intake <120% were revealed in 54% of the @entity3210 - @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The energy intake did not reach the recommended 120% EAR, but the prevalence of underweight was lower than reported in other studies. The recommendation may exceed the requirement for a number of @entity1577 - @entity1 . The nutritional status must still be closely monitored and nutritional advice and intervention should be individualised and adjusted to actual needs.

title: Dietary intake and nutritional status in a Scandinavian adult XXXX -population compared with recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency', 'PI']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate screening of the thoracolumbar spine (TLS) remains problematic in the care of @entity130 @entity1 . The current standard of care for TLS screening is not clearly defined. In @entity130 @entity1 undergoing computed tomography (CT) of the chest and or abdomen, compelling supportive evidence for reformatting and reusing this CT data to clear the thoracolumbar spine has accumulated over the last 3 years. The objective of this review was to identify and review all published studies comparing reformatted CT to traditional plain radiography for TLS clearance. METHODS: A Medline search for all English language articles published on this subject since 1980 identified seven studies. Each was classified according to the levels of evidence classification of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The methodology of each study was reviewed for the CT protocol, utilization of radiologist blinding and whether historical dictated reports or de novo image readings were used for comparison. The sensitivity and specificity of each study and the gold standard utilized in its calculation was noted. Where available, detailed information regarding the missed injuries and their clinical relevance was abstracted for each study. RESULTS: All evaluated studies demonstrated superior sensitivity and interobserver variability for reformatted CT compared with plain radiographic screening. CT was also more accurate in localizing, classifying, and delineating the age, bony intrusion, and soft-tissue damage associated with the @entity174 . For studies with time-motion components, a protocol utilizing CT clearance was not only more accurate but faster and more economical. Screening with reformatted visceral CT data required no additional scan time or radiation exposure. CONCLUSION: The evidence to date demonstrates the superior sensitivity of reformatted visceral CT for detecting thoracolumbar spine injury. With no further @entity1 movement, radiation exposure, cost, or time, @entity130 @entity1 undergoing visceral CT can have their thoracolumbar spine promptly evaluated. Further prospective evaluation of the CT protocols to optimize visualization of both the viscera and the bone is warranted.

title: Visceral torso computed tomography for clearance of the thoracolumbar spine in XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with persistently symptomatic advanced @entity712 have limited treatment options after appropriate use of standard evidence-based therapies. Current recommendations from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for treatment of stage C/D @entity712 beyond standard therapy include ventricular replacement, investigational agents, and palliative interventions. Given the elevated risk of this @entity1 population, additional treatment options seem warranted. Natriuretic peptides are protean compounds that provoke vasodilation, natriuresis, neurohormonal antagonism, and reverse remodeling, but they have an uncertain risk-benefit profile affecting serum @entity1011 and clinical events. In the pilot, open-label FUSION I trial, the adjunctive administration of nesiritide with standard therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity712 , was demonstrated to have a neutral effect on outcomes with no evidence of increased risk. Within a prespecified subset of high-risk @entity1 , a potential signal of benefit on a combined end point of mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization was identified. STUDY DESIGN: FUSION II is a 900- @entity1 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase IIb trial designed to further assess the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing frequency of outpatient nesiritide for advanced @entity712 . The primary end point is a composite of all-cause mortality and cardiorenal hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: If a confirmatory signal of benefit is identified in FUSION II, a definitive phase III mortality/quality of life trial will be warranted. Additional issues related to the influence of disease management, the logistics of outpatient parenteral therapy administration, and future iterations of natriuretic peptide therapy will need to be investigated.

title: The Second Follow-up Serial Infusions of Nesiritide (FUSION II) trial for advanced XXXX : study rationale and design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of type 2 @entity6 and is characteristic of a wide range of other clinical and experimental settings. Little is known about why insulin resistance occurs in so many contexts. Do the various insults that trigger insulin resistance act through a common mechanism? Or, as has been suggested, do they use distinct cellular pathways? Here we report a genomic analysis of two cellular models of insulin resistance, one induced by treatment with the cytokine @entity5 - @entity39 factor-alpha and the other with the glucocorticoid @entity619 . Gene expression analysis suggests that reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels are increased in both models, and we confirmed this through measures of cellular redox state. ROS have previously been proposed to be involved in insulin resistance, although evidence for a causal role has been scant. We tested this hypothesis in cell culture using six treatments designed to alter ROS levels, including two small molecules and four transgenes; all ameliorated insulin resistance to varying degrees. One of these treatments was tested in @entity28 , insulin-resistant @entity19 and was shown to improve insulin sensitivity and @entity413 homeostasis. Together, our findings suggest that increased ROS levels are an important trigger for insulin resistance in numerous settings.

title: Reactive XXXX species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis comparing the safety and efficacy of adjunctive use of reduced-dose thrombolytics and glycoprotein (Gp) IIbIIIa inhibitors to the sole use of Gp IIbIIIa inhibitors before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 presenting with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). BACKGROUND: Early reperfusion in @entity583 is associated with improved outcomes. The use of reduced-dose thrombolytic and Gp IIbIIIa inhibitors combination before PCI in the setting of @entity583 remains controversial. METHODS: We performed a literature search and identified randomized trials comparing the use of combination therapy-facilitated PCI versus PCI done with Gp IIbIIIa inhibitor alone. Included studies were reviewed to determine Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI)-3 flow at baseline, major @entity548 , 30-day mortality, TIMI-3 flow after PCI, and 30-day reinfarction. We performed a random-effect model meta-analysis. We quantified heterogeneity between studies with I2. A value >50% represents substantial heterogeneity. RESULTS: We identified 4 clinical trials randomizing 725 @entity1 ; 424 @entity1 were pretreated with combination therapy before PCI, and 301 @entity1 had Gp IIbIIIa inhibitor alone during PCI. Combination therapy-facilitated PCI was associated with a 2-fold increase in TIMI-3 flow upon arrival to the catheterization laboratory compared with the sole use of upstream Gp IIbIIIa inhibitors (192/390 @entity1 [49%] versus 60/284 [21%]; relative risk [RR], 2.2; P < .00001). However, post-PCI TIMI-3 flow was similar between the 2 groups (279/319 @entity1 [87%] versus 188/212 [88%]; RR, 0.99; P = .85). Major @entity548 events significantly increased in the combination therapy group (40/420 @entity1 [9.5%] versus 14/299 [4.7%]; RR, 2.2; P = .007). The 30-day mortality (15/424 @entity1 [3.5%] versus 5/301 [1.7%]; RR, 1.47; P = .46) and 30-day reinfarction rate (5/424 @entity1 [1.1%] versus 3/301 [1.0%]; RR, 0.96; P = .96) were similar in the 2 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Awaiting the results of the ongoing clinical trials, the current cumulative evidence does not support the routine use of combination of reduced-dose thrombolytic and Gp IIbIIIa inhibitor therapy-facilitated PCI for the treatment of @entity583 .

title: The efficacy and safety of combination glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors and reduced-dose thrombolytic therapy-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'acute STEMI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine an effective diagnostic method of detecting all cases of @entity66 in @entity1 referred for gastroscopy without performing routine duodenal biopsy. DESIGN: An initial retrospective cohort of @entity1 attending for gastroscopy was analysed to derive a clinical decision tool that could increase the detection of @entity66 without performing routine duodenal biopsy. The tool incorporated serology (measuring antibodies to @entity8265 ) and stratifying @entity1 according to their referral symptoms ( @entity1 were classified as having a "high risk" or "low risk" of @entity66 ). The decision tool was then tested on a second cohort of @entity1 attending for gastroscopy. In the second cohort all @entity1 had a routine duodenal biopsy and serology performed. SETTING: Teaching hospital in Sheffield. @entity1 : 2000 consecutive adult @entity1 referred for gastroscopy recruited prospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Evaluation of a clinical decision tool using @entity1 ' referral symptoms, @entity8265 antibody results, and duodenal biopsy results. RESULTS: No cases of @entity66 were missed by the pre-endoscopy testing algorithm. The prevalence of @entity66 in @entity1 attending for endoscopy was 3.9% (77/2000, 95% confidence interval 3.1% to 4.8%). The prevalence in the high risk and low risk groups was 9.6% (71/739, 7.7% to 12.0%) and 0.5% (6/1261, 0.2% to 1.0%). The prevalence of @entity66 in @entity1 who were negative for @entity8265 antibody was 0.4% (7/2000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for a positive antibody result to diagnose @entity66 was 90.9%, 90.9%, 28.6%, and 99.6%, respectively. Evaluation of the clinical decision tool gave a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 60.8%, 9.3%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-endoscopy serological testing in combination with biopsy of high risk cases detected all cases of @entity66 . The use of this decision tool may enable the endoscopist to target @entity1 who need a duodenal biopsy.

title: Pre-endoscopy serological testing for XXXX : evaluation of a clinical decision tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: Enteroaggregative @entity526 coli (EAEC) has been implicated in acute and persistent @entity294 in @entity1 , adults, and in @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 . Enteroaggregative @entity526 coli strains isolated from different parts of the world show a low to high level resistance to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro among 64 EAEC strains isolated from @entity1 and adults with @entity294 . 270 @entity526 strains were isolated from @entity1 and adults. A total of 64 were identified as EAEC by multiplex PCR targeting 2 specific genes, AggR and EAST, from July 2006 to July 2007. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was checked using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Disk diffusion testing for 11 commonly used antimicrobial agents showed EAEC resistant to @entity799 , @entity869 and @entity802 . 75% of strains isolated showed multidrug resistance, i.e. resistance to >3 antimicrobial agents. Most of the isolates showing multidrug resistance were from @entity1 below 5 y of age. An increase in resistance of EAEC strains to @entity5176 was observed in the study. Our study indicated that EAEC resistance in southern India is much higher than that reported from other parts of country. Our study also showed that monitoring sensitivity to antibiotics commonly used in acute and persistent @entity294 is necessary for optimum selection of effective antibiotics and elimination of antibiotics with little therapeutic value. Further clinical epidemiological and laboratory studies are needed to clarify these issues.

title: Multidrug resistant enteroaggregative @entity526 coli XXXX in rural southern Indian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: Enteroaggregative @entity526 coli (EAEC) has been implicated in acute and persistent @entity294 in @entity1 , adults, and in @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 . Enteroaggregative @entity526 coli strains isolated from different parts of the world show a low to high level resistance to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro among 64 EAEC strains isolated from @entity1 and adults with @entity294 . 270 @entity526 strains were isolated from @entity1 and adults. A total of 64 were identified as EAEC by multiplex PCR targeting 2 specific genes, AggR and EAST, from July 2006 to July 2007. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was checked using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Disk diffusion testing for 11 commonly used antimicrobial agents showed EAEC resistant to @entity799 , @entity869 and @entity802 . 75% of strains isolated showed multidrug resistance, i.e. resistance to >3 antimicrobial agents. Most of the isolates showing multidrug resistance were from @entity1 below 5 y of age. An increase in resistance of EAEC strains to @entity5176 was observed in the study. Our study indicated that EAEC resistance in southern India is much higher than that reported from other parts of country. Our study also showed that monitoring sensitivity to antibiotics commonly used in acute and persistent @entity294 is necessary for optimum selection of effective antibiotics and elimination of antibiotics with little therapeutic value. Further clinical epidemiological and laboratory studies are needed to clarify these issues.

title: Multidrug resistant enteroaggregative XXXX coli @entity294 in rural southern Indian population.

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia']


abstract: @entity52190 ( @entity52190 ) is defined as recurrent parotid @entity32 , generally associated with non-obstructive sialectasis of the parotid gland. It is a rare condition, and its etiology remains an enigma. AIM: The purposes of the present study were (1) to relate the follow up of five @entity52190 cases; (2) to examine the role of sialography and ultrasound in diagnosis and follow up; and (3) to make a literature review. STUDY DESIGN: Series review. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed all recurrent @entity8174 cases from the files of the Otolaryngology Division at University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The criteria for inclusion were at least two years of evolution and more than one year and a half follow-up in our service. We included five @entity1 in the study. Sialography was performed in the first evaluation and sonography was executed annually. @entity52190 showed male predominance, and affected mainly @entity1 between the ages of 3 and 6. Frequency of crisis improved with time in all cases. Sialography showed sialectasis aspect in the affected glands and sonographic exams demonstrated hypoechoic and heterogeneous internal echoes. One case showed regression of ultrasound changes after clinical improvement.

title: Infantile recurrent XXXX : follow up study of five cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity52190 :: ('MESH:C566359', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'Recurrent parotitis']

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['parotitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the sonographic characteristics of @entity0 . METHODS: Data and sonographic images of 14 @entity0 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity1 had clinically palpable lumps. The median @entity1 age was 39.5 years (range, 24-60 years). Eleven (78.6%) @entity5 occurred in the right breast, and 3 (21.4%) were in the left. The median @entity5 size measured by sonography was 2.8 cm (range, 1.2-4.9 cm). The median longest transverse dimension-anteroposterior diameter ratio of the @entity5 was 2.44 (range, 1.52-3.73). All @entity5 were oval and compressible with transducer pressure. Thirteen (92.9%) @entity5 were well circumscribed with smooth @entity5 margins, and 1 (7.1%) had indistinct margins. The internal echo texture was hyperechoic in 6 (42.9%), mixed (heterogeneous) echogenicity in 5 (35.7%), and isoechoic in 3 (21.4%). Four (28.6%) @entity5 had echogenic halos, and 2 (14.3%) had anechoic halos. Ten (71.4%) @entity5 had no retrotumor acoustic phenomena. Two (14.3%) had bilateral edge shadowing; 1 (7.1%) had posterior enhancement; and 1 (7.1%) had a mixture of enhancement and shadowing. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 were well-circumscribed, solid, @entity5 without intratumor microcalcification. The internal echo texture of most @entity4607 is either hyperechoic or composed of mixed echogenicity. Retrotumor acoustic phenomena were absent in most @entity4607 .

title: Sonographic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oval tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast hamartomas', 'Breast hamartomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast hamartomas']


abstract: Pulmonary arterial @entity101 associated with portal @entity101 occurs in about 5% of @entity1 being evaluated for liver transplantation. Treatment is required to facilitate safe transplantation, and oral pulmonary vasodilators have yet to be prospectively evaluated for this disease. The objective of this study was to determine the hemodynamic outcome in a consecutive cohort of @entity1 offered @entity7855 as first-line treatment for @entity101 . We identified consecutive @entity1 at the University of Rochester referred by the liver transplant team. All had catheter-confirmed disease and were treated with @entity7855 . @entity1 were excluded from analysis if they did not have follow-up catheterizations. The change in pulmonary vascular resistance at the time of first follow-up was the primary outcome. Eleven @entity1 began @entity7855 , and 9 had follow-up right heart catheterizations during a 3-year period. Pulmonary vascular resistance dropped in each @entity1 ; as a group, the mean dropped from 575 to 375 dynes/second/cm(5). Four of 9 @entity1 achieved a mean pulmonary artery pressure </= 35 mm Hg at the time of first recatheterization, and 1 @entity1 received a successful cadaveric transplant. Four of 6 @entity1 with more than 1 follow-up catheterization had sustained hemodynamic benefit. One @entity1 initially responded to therapy with favorable hemodynamics but was found in the operating room to have @entity4557 (on therapy) that precluded safe transplantation. In conclusion, @entity7855 was associated with improved hemodynamics in this small, uncontrolled cohort. A multicenter, prospective evaluation is warranted in this group uniformly excluded from phase III clinical trials.

title: XXXX therapy is associated with improved hemodynamics in liver transplantation candidates with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['recrudescent disease']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portopulmonary hypertension', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['Sildenafil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to review our experience of popliteal aneurysms using endovascular techniques. METHODS: Thirty popliteal aneurysms in 25 @entity1 were treated over an 11-year period. Median @entity439 diameter was 26 (16-48) mm. Five were symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic. @entity1 were treated with the Haemobahn/Viabahn stent-graft (26), Passager (two), Aneurx (one), and PTFE homemade device (one). Data were assessed using life table analysis, and expressed as cumulative patency rates and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 24 (range 1-95) months. Primary patency was 92.9% ( @entity2246 4.5%), 84.7% ( @entity2246 6.8%), 80% ( @entity2246 8.2%), 74.5% ( @entity2246 9.4%) and 74.5% (11.3%) at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. Cumulative secondary patency was 96.5% ( @entity2246 3.3%), 88.7% ( @entity2246 6.0%), 88.7% ( @entity2246 8.6%), 83.2% ( @entity2246 8.0%) and 83.2% ( @entity2246 9.8%) at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of popliteal aneurysms in this series achieved patency rates similar to open surgery. @entity439 repair was performed without peroperative @entity204 and the risks associated with open surgery.

title: XXXX repair: are the results comparable to open surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Endovascular popliteal aneurysm']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the short-acting insulin secretion drug @entity11756 in new-onset @entity6 (NODM) after renal transplantation. Twenty-three Caucasian @entity1 with NODM after renal transplantation were selected to receive @entity11756 therapy and were followed for at least 6 months. A control group treated with @entity6170 was chosen for comparison. Successful @entity11756 treatment was defined as a significant improvement of blood @entity413 concentrations and HbA1c <7% in the absence of @entity15157 and without the need for the addition of further anti- @entity6 agents. After 6 months of treatment with @entity11756 , 14 of the 23 @entity1 were successfully treated. Mean HbA1c decreased from 7.6 +/- 0.6% to 5.8 +/- 0.6% in 14 @entity1 treated successfully. In nine @entity1 , @entity4854 persisted, and they were switched to insulin treatment (HbA1c 8.5 +/- 2.9% at the beginning to 7.4 +/- 2.2%). Mean serum @entity1011 levels, @entity205 and @entity1140 blood levels did not change significantly following institution of @entity11756 therapy. The rate of successful treatment and the degree of HbA1c decrease were similar compared to @entity6170 -treated control @entity1 . The data from our observational study indicate that @entity11756 can be an effective treatment option in Caucasian @entity1 with NODM after renal transplantation.

title: XXXX in the management of new-onset @entity6 after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity11756 :: ('MESH:C072379', 'Chemical') :: ['repaglinide']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11756 :: (MESH:C072379,Chemical) :: ['Repaglinide']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the short-acting insulin secretion drug @entity11756 in new-onset @entity6 (NODM) after renal transplantation. Twenty-three Caucasian @entity1 with NODM after renal transplantation were selected to receive @entity11756 therapy and were followed for at least 6 months. A control group treated with @entity6170 was chosen for comparison. Successful @entity11756 treatment was defined as a significant improvement of blood @entity413 concentrations and HbA1c <7% in the absence of @entity15157 and without the need for the addition of further anti- @entity6 agents. After 6 months of treatment with @entity11756 , 14 of the 23 @entity1 were successfully treated. Mean HbA1c decreased from 7.6 +/- 0.6% to 5.8 +/- 0.6% in 14 @entity1 treated successfully. In nine @entity1 , @entity4854 persisted, and they were switched to insulin treatment (HbA1c 8.5 +/- 2.9% at the beginning to 7.4 +/- 2.2%). Mean serum @entity1011 levels, @entity205 and @entity1140 blood levels did not change significantly following institution of @entity11756 therapy. The rate of successful treatment and the degree of HbA1c decrease were similar compared to @entity6170 -treated control @entity1 . The data from our observational study indicate that @entity11756 can be an effective treatment option in Caucasian @entity1 with NODM after renal transplantation.

title: @entity11756 in the management of new-onset XXXX after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the ontogeny of salivary epidermal growth factor (sEGF) in premature @entity1 and to determine the relation of sEGF to the development of @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ). STUDY DESIGN: Salivary EGF was prospectively measured in 327 @entity1 with gestational ages from 23 weeks to term. @entity1 of < or = 32 weeks' gestation (n = 261) were followed with weekly sEGF measurements through 3 weeks of life. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine variables significantly related to sEGF levels and to identify predictors of @entity3166 . RESULTS: Over the first 3 weeks of life, sEGF increased across gestational age and postnatal age categories. In multivariable models, gestational age was a significant predictor of sEGF levels (P < .009). In a cohort of 27 @entity1 who had @entity3166 , gestational age, race, and changes in sEGF levels between weeks of life 1 and 2 were predictive of the development of @entity3166 . These @entity1 had lower sEGF at week 1 and greater increases from week 1 to week 2 compared with @entity1 without @entity3166 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive relation between sEGF levels and gestational age. Patterns of sEGF levels over the first 2 weeks of life were significantly related to development of @entity3166 in very low birth weight @entity1 .

title: Ontogeny of salivary epidermal growth factor and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity66 is among the 4 main causes of mortality in Spain. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity64 and to describe the principal risk factors and other clinical and epidemiologic patterns found in @entity1 . METHODS: Doctors from the Spanish sentinel health network recorded the episodes of @entity697 in 2005 in a population of 201,205 inhabitants older than 14 years. The information of the @entity1 (age and sex) and the episode (e.g., duration, symptoms, origin, medical attention, risk factors) was collected on a standard form. RESULTS: The estimated incidence rate of @entity64 was 141 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 125-158), 134 (95% CI: 112-157) in @entity1 and 148 (95% CI: 124-172) in @entity1 . The incidence increases significantly from the age of 65 years and @entity1 younger than this have higher rates than @entity1 . In all, 12% of @entity1 with @entity64 die within the first 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity66 in Spain is below that recorded in other countries. There is no difference according to sex, but incidence among young and middle-aged @entity1 is greater than that among @entity1 . Significant variations from some population groups to others are observed, maybe because of the difference in the prevalence of risk factors.

title: XXXX in Spain: epidemiologic incidence and patterns; a health sentinel network study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular diseases']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment of resectable @entity0 in elderly @entity1 at Alkmaar Medical Centre, Alkmaar, the Netherlands, before and after the introduction of a multidisciplinary @entity0 consultation (MDC) with the @entity0 team in February 2006. DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: The treatment of @entity1 aged 70 and over with newly diagnosed stage I and II resectable @entity0 was monitored during the period 2002-2007. RESULTS: A total of 84% of the 232 studied @entity1 were treated surgically. Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy was given to 88, 91 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. The percentage of @entity1 who underwent first-line surgery decreased significantly, mainly because fewer @entity1 aged 80 or over received surgery. The number of @entity1 given radiotherapy in accordance with guidelines increased, while for hormonal therapy the number remained more or less the same. Recording of decisions that involved deviation from treatment guidelines improved in the study period. CONCLUSION: In 2002-2007, the @entity0 team became more aware of treatment guidelines and deviations from guidelines were better accounted for. In the elderly, the guidelines for adjuvant radiotherapy were followed better, but there was a remarkable decrease in primary surgical treatment of @entity1 , particularly in @entity1 aged 80 and over. Comorbidity and @entity1 ' preferences played an important role in this.

title: [Trends in @entity0 treatment in the elderly at a XXXX outpatient clinic: guidelines followed better].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment of resectable @entity0 in elderly @entity1 at Alkmaar Medical Centre, Alkmaar, the Netherlands, before and after the introduction of a multidisciplinary @entity0 consultation (MDC) with the @entity0 team in February 2006. DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: The treatment of @entity1 aged 70 and over with newly diagnosed stage I and II resectable @entity0 was monitored during the period 2002-2007. RESULTS: A total of 84% of the 232 studied @entity1 were treated surgically. Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy was given to 88, 91 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. The percentage of @entity1 who underwent first-line surgery decreased significantly, mainly because fewer @entity1 aged 80 or over received surgery. The number of @entity1 given radiotherapy in accordance with guidelines increased, while for hormonal therapy the number remained more or less the same. Recording of decisions that involved deviation from treatment guidelines improved in the study period. CONCLUSION: In 2002-2007, the @entity0 team became more aware of treatment guidelines and deviations from guidelines were better accounted for. In the elderly, the guidelines for adjuvant radiotherapy were followed better, but there was a remarkable decrease in primary surgical treatment of @entity1 , particularly in @entity1 aged 80 and over. Comorbidity and @entity1 ' preferences played an important role in this.

title: [Trends in XXXX treatment in the elderly at a @entity0 outpatient clinic: guidelines followed better].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the release of @entity224 anions from neutrophils of healthy donors was affected when incubated with plasma from infliximab-treated @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity309 @entity1 were treated with 3mg/kg infliximab on weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. Disease activity was assessed by DAS28 score and by @entity650 level. Neutrophils from healthy donors were incubated with plasma drawn before each infliximab treatment. PMA-stimulated @entity224 release was measured by the ferricytochrome C reduction method. RESULTS: 53% of the @entity1 had a favorable clinical response. @entity650 levels showed a significant decline at week two, with a gradual increase thereafter. Treatment with infliximab did not change the @entity224 production. However, when the group was divided retrospectively to responders (DeltaDAS28 > -1.2) and non-responders (DeltaDAS28 < -1.2), two different patterns were seen, although the pre-treatment levels were similar: Among the responders @entity650 remained low at its 2 weeks level till week 14, while in the non responders @entity650 increased 3 times (P < 0.03) from week 2 to 14. The responders showed mild, but continuous, reduction of @entity224 release, while in the non-responders it increased significantly from week 2 on. CONCLUSION: The reduction in @entity650 in @entity309 sera following anti- @entity310 therapy has little influence on the capacity of these sera to stimulate healthy neutrophils to produce @entity224 , suggesting the existence of non- @entity310 non- @entity650 dependent neutrophil-stimulating mediators in @entity309 sera. The increasing level of @entity650 among the non-responders after initial dramatic decline might represent an escape phenomenon, possibly caused by alternative mediator(s). Clinically, this @entity650 "escape" might be used as a tool for early identification of responders from non-responders.

title: Modification of neutrophil function by plasma of XXXX @entity1 treated with infliximab.

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'seropositive RA', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the release of @entity224 anions from neutrophils of healthy donors was affected when incubated with plasma from infliximab-treated @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity309 @entity1 were treated with 3mg/kg infliximab on weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. Disease activity was assessed by DAS28 score and by @entity650 level. Neutrophils from healthy donors were incubated with plasma drawn before each infliximab treatment. PMA-stimulated @entity224 release was measured by the ferricytochrome C reduction method. RESULTS: 53% of the @entity1 had a favorable clinical response. @entity650 levels showed a significant decline at week two, with a gradual increase thereafter. Treatment with infliximab did not change the @entity224 production. However, when the group was divided retrospectively to responders (DeltaDAS28 > -1.2) and non-responders (DeltaDAS28 < -1.2), two different patterns were seen, although the pre-treatment levels were similar: Among the responders @entity650 remained low at its 2 weeks level till week 14, while in the non responders @entity650 increased 3 times (P < 0.03) from week 2 to 14. The responders showed mild, but continuous, reduction of @entity224 release, while in the non-responders it increased significantly from week 2 on. CONCLUSION: The reduction in @entity650 in @entity309 sera following anti- @entity310 therapy has little influence on the capacity of these sera to stimulate healthy neutrophils to produce @entity224 , suggesting the existence of non- @entity310 non- @entity650 dependent neutrophil-stimulating mediators in @entity309 sera. The increasing level of @entity650 among the non-responders after initial dramatic decline might represent an escape phenomenon, possibly caused by alternative mediator(s). Clinically, this @entity650 "escape" might be used as a tool for early identification of responders from non-responders.

title: Modification of neutrophil function by plasma of @entity309 XXXX treated with infliximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3494 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity3494 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity3494 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity137 . In this study, we used @entity3392 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity4250 on early development. @entity3392 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7249 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity4250 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity851 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity600 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity1168 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity4250 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity3494 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity3494 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.

title: Developmental mechanisms of @entity4250 XXXX in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) embryos.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity7249 :: ('MESH:C017947', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arsenite']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: @entity3494 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity3494 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity3494 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity137 . In this study, we used @entity3392 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity4250 on early development. @entity3392 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7249 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity4250 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity851 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity600 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity1168 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity4250 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity3494 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity3494 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.

title: Developmental mechanisms of @entity4250 @entity137 in XXXX ( @entity3392 ) embryos.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']