abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that increased monocyte tissue factor ( @entity71978 ) levels may reflect urological @entity5 presence and progression. @entity1 , SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a two-stage kinetic chromogenic assay, @entity71978 levels were measured in 60 controls (normal subjects [60] and @entity1 awaiting @entity547 repair or cholecystectomy [60]), @entity1 with benign and @entity1494 (73), or prostate (81), and in @entity1 with and without recurrent @entity1494 (30). The levels were assessed under fresh resting conditions (baseline) and after incubation for 6 h without (unstimulated) and with (stimulated) @entity526 endotoxin. Each benign disease group was subdivided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory categories. RESULTS: @entity1 with bladder and prostate malignancy showed significantly higher @entity71978 levels than did each control for baseline and stimulated cells. The benign inflammatory groups for both organs had significantly higher @entity71978 levels than had each control for baseline cells. There was no difference between malignant and benign inflammatory groups. Stimulated @entity71978 levels showed better discrimination between the study groups. The @entity71978 levels were associated with histological @entity5 progression, serum @entity1486 level and static bone scan images. Levels were also higher in @entity1 with @entity150 recurrence than in those with a normal check cystoscopy. CONCLUSION: Stimulated @entity71978 levels are raised in @entity32 compared with controls and @entity1 with non-inflammatory conditions, and give maximal discrimination between these groups. @entity71978 levels showed an association with @entity5 grade and other markers of @entity5 progression.

title: Monocyte tissue factor levels in @entity1 with @entity5 : an association between XXXX presence and progression.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that increased monocyte tissue factor ( @entity71978 ) levels may reflect urological @entity5 presence and progression. @entity1 , SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a two-stage kinetic chromogenic assay, @entity71978 levels were measured in 60 controls (normal subjects [60] and @entity1 awaiting @entity547 repair or cholecystectomy [60]), @entity1 with benign and @entity1494 (73), or prostate (81), and in @entity1 with and without recurrent @entity1494 (30). The levels were assessed under fresh resting conditions (baseline) and after incubation for 6 h without (unstimulated) and with (stimulated) @entity526 endotoxin. Each benign disease group was subdivided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory categories. RESULTS: @entity1 with bladder and prostate malignancy showed significantly higher @entity71978 levels than did each control for baseline and stimulated cells. The benign inflammatory groups for both organs had significantly higher @entity71978 levels than had each control for baseline cells. There was no difference between malignant and benign inflammatory groups. Stimulated @entity71978 levels showed better discrimination between the study groups. The @entity71978 levels were associated with histological @entity5 progression, serum @entity1486 level and static bone scan images. Levels were also higher in @entity1 with @entity150 recurrence than in those with a normal check cystoscopy. CONCLUSION: Stimulated @entity71978 levels are raised in @entity32 compared with controls and @entity1 with non-inflammatory conditions, and give maximal discrimination between these groups. @entity71978 levels showed an association with @entity5 grade and other markers of @entity5 progression.

title: Monocyte tissue factor levels in XXXX with @entity5 : an association between @entity5 presence and progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The role of @entity172 in hen reproduction is well established. However, the distribution of @entity172 receptors in the @entity1573 ovary is unknown. Therefore, the mRNA expression of @entity71979 ( @entity71979 ) @entity172 receptors was examined within the ovaries of laying hens. Expression of ERs was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The presence of @entity71980 and @entity71979 mRNAs was found in the @entity43 and white, yellowish, small yellow and the largest preovulatory (F3-F1) follicles. @entity71980 and @entity71979 mRNAs were detected in the granulosa and theca layers of the walls of preovulatory follicles. The expression of @entity71980 mRNA was markedly higher than @entity71979 mRNA in all examined ovarian compartments. Within the ovary, the relative expression of both ER mRNAs depends on the follicular diameter and the layer of the follicular wall. The results demonstrate the expression of both @entity71980 mRNA and @entity71979 mRNA in all compartments of the @entity1573 ovary, suggesting different pathways of @entity172 action in the avian ovary. Much higher expression of @entity71980 mRNA indicates that this form of @entity172 receptor is predominant in the @entity1573 ovary. The clarification of the mechanism of @entity71980 and @entity71979 participation in the ovarian functions of birds necessitates further experiments examining ERs at the protein level.

title: Expression of alpha and beta XXXX receptors in the @entity1573 ovary.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity71979 :: ('395575(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha (ERaalpha) and beta', 'ERbeta']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The role of @entity172 in hen reproduction is well established. However, the distribution of @entity172 receptors in the @entity1573 ovary is unknown. Therefore, the mRNA expression of @entity71979 ( @entity71979 ) @entity172 receptors was examined within the ovaries of laying hens. Expression of ERs was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The presence of @entity71980 and @entity71979 mRNAs was found in the @entity43 and white, yellowish, small yellow and the largest preovulatory (F3-F1) follicles. @entity71980 and @entity71979 mRNAs were detected in the granulosa and theca layers of the walls of preovulatory follicles. The expression of @entity71980 mRNA was markedly higher than @entity71979 mRNA in all examined ovarian compartments. Within the ovary, the relative expression of both ER mRNAs depends on the follicular diameter and the layer of the follicular wall. The results demonstrate the expression of both @entity71980 mRNA and @entity71979 mRNA in all compartments of the @entity1573 ovary, suggesting different pathways of @entity172 action in the avian ovary. Much higher expression of @entity71980 mRNA indicates that this form of @entity172 receptor is predominant in the @entity1573 ovary. The clarification of the mechanism of @entity71980 and @entity71979 participation in the ovarian functions of birds necessitates further experiments examining ERs at the protein level.

title: Expression of alpha and beta @entity172 receptors in the XXXX ovary.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: While the response to Leishmania spp. is well characterized in @entity19 and @entity1 , much less is known concerning the @entity235 immune response, particularly soon after exposure to the parasite. Early events are considered to be a determinant of @entity281 outcome. To investigate the @entity235 's early immune response to L. chagasi, an in vitro priming system (PIV) using @entity235 na  ve PBMC was established. Until now, @entity235 PIV immune response to L. chagasi has not been assessed. We co-cultivated PBMC primarily stimulated with L. chagasi in vitro with autologous infected macrophages and found that @entity59292 mRNA is up-regulated in these cells compared to control unstimulated cells. @entity33781 and @entity14121 mRNA expression by L. chagasi-stimulated PBMC was similar to control unstimulated PBMC when incubated with infected macrophages. Surprisingly, correlation studies showed that a lower @entity59292 / @entity33781 expression ratio correlated with a lower percentage of @entity281 . We propose that the direct correlation between @entity59292 / @entity33781 ratio and parasite load is dependent on the higher correlation of both @entity59292 and @entity33781 expression with lower parasite @entity281 . This PIV system was shown to be useful in evaluating the @entity235 immune response to L. chagasi, and results indicate that a balance between @entity59292 and @entity33781 is associated with control of parasite @entity281 in vitro.

title: XXXX expression is up-regulated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-exposed @entity235 upon Leishmania chagasi promastigote stimulation in vitro.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity59292 :: (403801(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: While the response to Leishmania spp. is well characterized in @entity19 and @entity1 , much less is known concerning the @entity235 immune response, particularly soon after exposure to the parasite. Early events are considered to be a determinant of @entity281 outcome. To investigate the @entity235 's early immune response to L. chagasi, an in vitro priming system (PIV) using @entity235 na  ve PBMC was established. Until now, @entity235 PIV immune response to L. chagasi has not been assessed. We co-cultivated PBMC primarily stimulated with L. chagasi in vitro with autologous infected macrophages and found that @entity59292 mRNA is up-regulated in these cells compared to control unstimulated cells. @entity33781 and @entity14121 mRNA expression by L. chagasi-stimulated PBMC was similar to control unstimulated PBMC when incubated with infected macrophages. Surprisingly, correlation studies showed that a lower @entity59292 / @entity33781 expression ratio correlated with a lower percentage of @entity281 . We propose that the direct correlation between @entity59292 / @entity33781 ratio and parasite load is dependent on the higher correlation of both @entity59292 and @entity33781 expression with lower parasite @entity281 . This PIV system was shown to be useful in evaluating the @entity235 immune response to L. chagasi, and results indicate that a balance between @entity59292 and @entity33781 is associated with control of parasite @entity281 in vitro.

title: @entity59292 expression is up-regulated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-exposed XXXX upon Leishmania chagasi promastigote stimulation in vitro.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: AIM: To assess the function of parasympathetic heart control in @entity1 with @entity302 by means of clinical routine neurophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one consecutive @entity302 @entity1 (mean age+/-S.D. 37.8+/-12.9 years) with partial or generalized @entity410 manifested for more than 6 months and receiving various therapeutic regimes and 71 matched for sex and age healthy controls undertook a battery of neurophysiological tests which consisted of sensory conduction of sural nerve; R-R interval variation during normal and deep breathing; Valsalva manoeuvre and tilt test for calculation heart rate changes to respiratory strain and standing. RESULTS: The @entity1 group showed a significant difference in all parasympathetic parameters studied compared to the control group. Overall, 42.2% of @entity1 had abnormal measurement in at least one of the parameters and Valsalva was the most frequently abnormal one (31% of @entity1 ). @entity129 was significantly lower in the @entity1 than in the controls and its measurements were associated with those of the tilt test. @entity302 (more than 10 years) and treatment with @entity3174 showed a negative effect on data of R-R interval variation during deep breathing. No other correlations between measurements of parasympathetic parameters and @entity302 related characteristics i.e. type and frequency of @entity410 , monotherapy or combined therapy with seven other antiepileptic medications, were proven. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that simple neurophysiological tests, suitable for screening purposes were able to demonstrate suppressed cardiovagal control in @entity302 @entity1 and to identify those in need for further analysis of cardiovagal function.

title: Interictal alterations of cardiovagal function in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Sural nerve amplitude']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Long epilepsy duration', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: We report here a very rare case of @entity1944 with @entity6794 . A 16-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed with @entity1944 by the presence of cutaneous pathergy together with two major criteria (oral and genital aphthoses) and one minor criterion (gastrointestinal manifestations), was referred to our hospital with a left lower leg @entity1066 and @entity490 in September 1989. Colonoscopy demonstrated flare-up colitis involving the entire colon. Her lower leg lesion was a painful destructive @entity1066 with an irregular margin and a ragged overhanging edge. Based on these clinical and laboratory findings, we diagnosed her cutaneous @entity1066 as @entity6794 developing with exacerbated @entity1944 . Her cutaneous and intestinal lesions were poorly controlled though she received oral @entity617 treatment for a month. Because of aggravated abdominal symptoms with peritoneal irritation, we performed total colectomy in November 1989. The resected specimen was histologically compatible with @entity1944 showing severe @entity32 with deep @entity1066 and neutrophil accumulation. Subsequently, @entity6794 rapidly improved. This clinical course may suggest the close relationship between @entity6794 and @entity1944 .

title: Intestinal Behcet's disease with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ["intestinal Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity6794 :: (MESH:D017511,Disease) :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of @entity188 depends on the @entity5 stage, and until 2005 treatment included preoperative radiation therapy for the T3 and T4 @entity5 stages. An exact preoperative assessment of the @entity5 stage is therefore essential. In Denmark rectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used as a standard procedure in preoperative evaluation, sometimes supplemented by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of preoperative MRI in @entity5 stage evaluation in order to correctly select the @entity1 who will benefit from preoperative radiation therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The MRI reports from 173 @entity1 (98 male, 75 female, mean age 71 years) who underwent surgery for @entity188 at Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen during the 2002-2005-period were evaluated. The T-stage of the MRI report was compared to the histological T-stage of the resected @entity5 . RESULTS: The overall accuracy of @entity5 was 58% (n = 100) of which 41% T2 @entity5 (n = 18), 78% T3 @entity5 (n = 78) and 33% T4 @entity5 (n = 4) were correctly staged. In all, 29% of @entity5 were overstaged (n = 50) (100% of T1 @entity5 , 59% of T2 @entity5 , 7% of T3 @entity5 ). A total of 13% of the @entity5 were understaged (15% of T3 @entity5 , 67% of T4 @entity5 ). The selection of @entity1 for preoperative radiation therapy had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The overall accuracy of 58% indicates that MR imaging in the early learning phases was not an optimal method for the preoperative @entity5 . In particular, the low specificity of MRI in selecting the @entity1 who will benefit from preoperative radiation can result in overtreatment and increased morbidity.

title: [Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the preoperative staging of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectum cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T-staging', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'T-staging of rectal cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['rectum cancer']


abstract: AIM: to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of combining total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin to predict the @entity404 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/m3. METHODS: this is a cross sectional study. Subject characteristics were @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 who have not been initiated ARV therapy, the age above 15 years, have a @entity404 lymphocyte count data. A total of 72 @entity1 were recruited from clinic of Edelweis or hospitalized @entity1 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta in March 2002 - March 2007. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney test was used to find out the differences of continue variable. P < or = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: a total of 72 @entity1 were studied. Of these,50 @entity1 (69.4%) were male, 22 @entity1 (30.6%) were female. 53 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 and 19 @entity1 with @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3. Mean of TLCin @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 1013.24+/- 96.06 and @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3 were 2161.36 +/- 214.66. Mean of Hb in @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 11.61+/- 0.30 and @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3 were 12.47 +/- 0.59.Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a,b) were 80.95%, 88.09% Vs TLC 66.66%; Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a, b) were 54.54%,54.54% Vs TLC 54.54%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hbman (algorithms a, b) were 87.50%, 87.50% Vs TLC 87.50%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a, b)were 63.63%, 54.54% Vs TLC 90.90%. CONCLUSION: adding hemoglobin to TLC (algorithms aand b in @entity1 ) increased sensitivity, there by reducing the risk of false-negative results.

title: Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined to predict @entity404 lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/mm(3) in @entity645 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: AIM: to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of combining total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin to predict the @entity404 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/m3. METHODS: this is a cross sectional study. Subject characteristics were @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 who have not been initiated ARV therapy, the age above 15 years, have a @entity404 lymphocyte count data. A total of 72 @entity1 were recruited from clinic of Edelweis or hospitalized @entity1 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta in March 2002 - March 2007. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney test was used to find out the differences of continue variable. P < or = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: a total of 72 @entity1 were studied. Of these,50 @entity1 (69.4%) were male, 22 @entity1 (30.6%) were female. 53 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 and 19 @entity1 with @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3. Mean of TLCin @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 1013.24+/- 96.06 and @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3 were 2161.36 +/- 214.66. Mean of Hb in @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 11.61+/- 0.30 and @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3 were 12.47 +/- 0.59.Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a,b) were 80.95%, 88.09% Vs TLC 66.66%; Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a, b) were 54.54%,54.54% Vs TLC 54.54%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hbman (algorithms a, b) were 87.50%, 87.50% Vs TLC 87.50%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a, b)were 63.63%, 54.54% Vs TLC 90.90%. CONCLUSION: adding hemoglobin to TLC (algorithms aand b in @entity1 ) increased sensitivity, there by reducing the risk of false-negative results.

title: Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined to predict @entity404 lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/mm(3) in XXXX / @entity791 .

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: AIM: to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of combining total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin to predict the @entity404 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/m3. METHODS: this is a cross sectional study. Subject characteristics were @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 who have not been initiated ARV therapy, the age above 15 years, have a @entity404 lymphocyte count data. A total of 72 @entity1 were recruited from clinic of Edelweis or hospitalized @entity1 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta in March 2002 - March 2007. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney test was used to find out the differences of continue variable. P < or = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: a total of 72 @entity1 were studied. Of these,50 @entity1 (69.4%) were male, 22 @entity1 (30.6%) were female. 53 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 and 19 @entity1 with @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3. Mean of TLCin @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 1013.24+/- 96.06 and @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3 were 2161.36 +/- 214.66. Mean of Hb in @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 with @entity404 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 11.61+/- 0.30 and @entity404 above 200 cells/mm3 were 12.47 +/- 0.59.Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a,b) were 80.95%, 88.09% Vs TLC 66.66%; Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a, b) were 54.54%,54.54% Vs TLC 54.54%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hbman (algorithms a, b) were 87.50%, 87.50% Vs TLC 87.50%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hb @entity1 (algorithms a, b)were 63.63%, 54.54% Vs TLC 90.90%. CONCLUSION: adding hemoglobin to TLC (algorithms aand b in @entity1 ) increased sensitivity, there by reducing the risk of false-negative results.

title: Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined to predict XXXX lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/mm(3) in @entity645 / @entity791 .

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study developed percentile curves for anthropometric (waist circumference) and cardiovascular (lipid profile) risk factors for US @entity1 and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A representative sample of US @entity1 and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994 (NHANES III) and the current national series (NHANES 1999-2006) were combined. Percentile curves were constructed, nationally weighted, and smoothed using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. The percentile curves included age- and sex-specific percentile values that correspond with and transition into the adult abnormal cut-off values for each of these anthropometric and cardiovascular components. To increase the sample size, a second series of percentile curves was also created from the combination of the 2 NHANES databases, along with cross-sectional data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, the Muscatine Study, the Fels Longitudinal Study and the Princeton Lipid Research Clinics Study. RESULTS: These analyses resulted in a series of growth curves for waist circumference, total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , and HDL @entity165 from a combination of pediatric data sets. The cut-off for abnormal waist circumference in adult males (102 cm) was equivalent to the 94(th) percentile line in 18-year-olds, and the cut-off in adult females (88 cm) was equivalent to the 84(th) percentile line in 18-year-olds. @entity1674 were found to have a bimodal pattern among females, with an initial peak at age 11 and a second at age 20; the curve for males increased steadily with age. The HDL curve for females was relatively flat, but the male curve declined starting at age 9 years. Similar curves for total and LDL @entity165 were constructed for both males and females. When data from the additional @entity1 studies were added to the national data, there was little difference in their patterns or rates of change from year to year. CONCLUSIONS: These curves represent waist and lipid percentiles for US @entity1 and adolescents, with identification of values that transition to @entity854 . They could be used conditionally for both epidemiological and possibly clinical applications, although they need to be validated against longitudinal data.

title: Growth curves for cardio-metabolic risk factors in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['adult abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of screening for @entity43 is uncertain. We did a pilot randomised trial to assess multimodal screening with sequential @entity10224 antigen and ultrasonography. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 aged 45 years or older were randomised to a control group (n=10,977) or screened group (n=10,958). @entity1 randomised to screening were offered three annual screens that involved measurement of serum @entity10224 , pelvic ultrasonography if @entity10224 was 30 U/mL or more, and referral for gynaecological opinion if ovarian volume was 8.8 mL or more on ultrasonography. All @entity1 were followed up to see whether they developed @entity6887 (index @entity5 ). FINDINGS: Of 468 @entity1 in the screened group with a raised @entity10224 , 29 were referred for a gynaecological opinion; screening detected an index @entity5 in six and 23 had false-positive screening results. The positive predictive value was 20.7%. During 7-year follow-up, ten further @entity1 with index @entity5 were identified in the screened group and 20 in the control group. Median survival of @entity1 with index @entity5 in the screened group was 72.9 months and in the control group was 41.8 months (p=0.0112). The number of deaths from an index @entity5 did not differ significantly between the control and screened groups (18 of 10,977 vs nine of 10,958, relative risk 2.0 [95% CI 0.78-5.13]). INTERPRETATION: These results show that a multimodal approach to @entity43 screening in a randomised trial is feasible and justify a larger randomised trial to see whether screening affects mortality.

title: Screening for XXXX : a pilot randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['invasive epithelial cancers of the ovary or fallopian tube']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity460 entry blockers have been used during general anesthesia in order to control @entity101 and @entity591 . It is well known that both @entity460 entry blockers (CEBs) and inhalation anesthetics have depressant effects on @entity713 . Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate combined effects of either @entity1508 , @entity4488 , @entity5161 , or @entity2614 and CEBs ( @entity1855 , @entity3988 , or @entity594 ) on AV conduction. The following 3 sets of experiments were performed using 90 mongrel @entity235 anesthetized with @entity3652 100-150 mg im, thiamylal 25 mg/kg iv and @entity3810 with 50% @entity26 . Experiment 1: to evaluate the effects of @entity3652 and thiamylal on AV conduction. Experiment 2: to evaluate drug interactions of @entity1508 with CEBs. Experiment 3: to evaluate the combined effects of four different inhalation anesthetics at equipotent concentrations (0.8% @entity1508 , 1.6% @entity4488 , 1.2% @entity5161 , and 1.7% @entity2614 ) and @entity1855 . The following variables were measured utilizing His bundle electrocardiogram: Sinus cycle length (SCL), AV conduction time (AH interval), His Purkinje conduction time (HV interval), effective and functional refractory period of AV node (ERP and FRP). It was confirmed that @entity3652 im and thiamylal iv used for induction of anesthesia did not change AV conduction time from experiment 1. The combined effects of either @entity1855 (0.1 mg/kg) or @entity3988 (0.15 mg/kg) and 0.8% @entity1508 were additive on AV conduction. Although @entity594 (0.01 mg/kg) did not affect AV conduction, there was the significant prolongation of SCL with @entity1508 compared to without @entity1508 . In experiment 3, 0.8% @entity1508 and 1.6% @entity4488 were stronger than 1.2% @entity5161 and 1.7% @entity2614 concerning inhibitory effects on AV conduction. @entity1855 had some deleterious effects in 1.6% @entity1508 or 3.2% @entity4488 anesthesia because of extreme inhibitory effects on AV conduction and sinus automaticity. In conclusion, caution must be exercised in usage of CEBs if inhalation anesthetics are used in higher concentrations.

title: [Comparative effects of inhalation anesthetics on @entity713 with and without XXXX entry blockers].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) conduction and sinus automaticity']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous-oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity460 entry blockers have been used during general anesthesia in order to control @entity101 and @entity591 . It is well known that both @entity460 entry blockers (CEBs) and inhalation anesthetics have depressant effects on @entity713 . Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate combined effects of either @entity1508 , @entity4488 , @entity5161 , or @entity2614 and CEBs ( @entity1855 , @entity3988 , or @entity594 ) on AV conduction. The following 3 sets of experiments were performed using 90 mongrel @entity235 anesthetized with @entity3652 100-150 mg im, thiamylal 25 mg/kg iv and @entity3810 with 50% @entity26 . Experiment 1: to evaluate the effects of @entity3652 and thiamylal on AV conduction. Experiment 2: to evaluate drug interactions of @entity1508 with CEBs. Experiment 3: to evaluate the combined effects of four different inhalation anesthetics at equipotent concentrations (0.8% @entity1508 , 1.6% @entity4488 , 1.2% @entity5161 , and 1.7% @entity2614 ) and @entity1855 . The following variables were measured utilizing His bundle electrocardiogram: Sinus cycle length (SCL), AV conduction time (AH interval), His Purkinje conduction time (HV interval), effective and functional refractory period of AV node (ERP and FRP). It was confirmed that @entity3652 im and thiamylal iv used for induction of anesthesia did not change AV conduction time from experiment 1. The combined effects of either @entity1855 (0.1 mg/kg) or @entity3988 (0.15 mg/kg) and 0.8% @entity1508 were additive on AV conduction. Although @entity594 (0.01 mg/kg) did not affect AV conduction, there was the significant prolongation of SCL with @entity1508 compared to without @entity1508 . In experiment 3, 0.8% @entity1508 and 1.6% @entity4488 were stronger than 1.2% @entity5161 and 1.7% @entity2614 concerning inhibitory effects on AV conduction. @entity1855 had some deleterious effects in 1.6% @entity1508 or 3.2% @entity4488 anesthesia because of extreme inhibitory effects on AV conduction and sinus automaticity. In conclusion, caution must be exercised in usage of CEBs if inhalation anesthetics are used in higher concentrations.

title: [Comparative effects of inhalation anesthetics on XXXX with and without @entity460 entry blockers].

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular conduction']


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, blinded study was designed to compare the effects of warmed versus room-temperature @entity1343 in @entity1 undergoing knee arthroscopy and partial meniscectomy. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 16 @entity1 each. In all @entity1 the 2 portal sites were infiltrated with 10 mL of room-temperature @entity10541 (20 mg/mL). In the first group, @entity1 underwent intra-articular injection of 20 mL of @entity1343 (5 mg/mL) and 0.005-mg/mL @entity1425 (1:200,000) at a temperature of 40 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C, whereas in the second group the @entity1343 and @entity1425 were at room temperature (25 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C). @entity158 was graded and recorded intraoperatively and postoperatively by use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Analgesia was supplemented if the VAS score was 4 cm or greater with @entity1286 intraoperatively or ketorolac postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in intraoperative and postoperative VAS values. There was no need for @entity1286 as a rescue dose in any @entity1 during surgery. Eight @entity1 treated with warmed @entity1343 and seven @entity1 treated with room-temperature @entity1343 requested a single rescue dose of @entity6058 (30 mg) postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: No compelling evidence exists to suggest that intra-articular injection of warmed @entity1343 is more effective than room-temperature @entity1343 for intraoperative anesthesia and @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing partial meniscectomy during knee arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized controlled trial.

title: Anesthesia and XXXX after intra-articular injection of warmed versus room-temperature @entity1343 : a double-blind randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative analgesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, blinded study was designed to compare the effects of warmed versus room-temperature @entity1343 in @entity1 undergoing knee arthroscopy and partial meniscectomy. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 16 @entity1 each. In all @entity1 the 2 portal sites were infiltrated with 10 mL of room-temperature @entity10541 (20 mg/mL). In the first group, @entity1 underwent intra-articular injection of 20 mL of @entity1343 (5 mg/mL) and 0.005-mg/mL @entity1425 (1:200,000) at a temperature of 40 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C, whereas in the second group the @entity1343 and @entity1425 were at room temperature (25 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C). @entity158 was graded and recorded intraoperatively and postoperatively by use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Analgesia was supplemented if the VAS score was 4 cm or greater with @entity1286 intraoperatively or ketorolac postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in intraoperative and postoperative VAS values. There was no need for @entity1286 as a rescue dose in any @entity1 during surgery. Eight @entity1 treated with warmed @entity1343 and seven @entity1 treated with room-temperature @entity1343 requested a single rescue dose of @entity6058 (30 mg) postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: No compelling evidence exists to suggest that intra-articular injection of warmed @entity1343 is more effective than room-temperature @entity1343 for intraoperative anesthesia and @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing partial meniscectomy during knee arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized controlled trial.

title: Anesthesia and @entity86 after intra-articular injection of warmed versus room-temperature XXXX : a double-blind randomized trial.

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations of @entity1 aA-crystallin cause congenital @entity231 by @entity6960 . How mutations of aA-crystallin cause disease pathogenesis through @entity6960 is not well understood. To better understand the cellular events leading to @entity6960 , we transfected @entity231 causing mutants, @entity11311 , @entity28819 , @entity28820 , @entity28821 , @entity28822 , @entity28823 and @entity28824 , of @entity1 aA-crystallin in HeLa cells and examined the formation of intracellular protein aggregates and aggresomes by confocal microscopy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: YFP-tagged @entity1 aA-wild-type (aA-wt) was sub-cloned and the mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The aA-wt and the mutants were individually transfected or co-transfected with CFP-tagged aA-wt or aB-wild-type (aB-wt) in HeLa cells. Overexpression of these mutants forms multiple small dispersed cytoplasmic aggregates as well as aggresomes. Co-expression of aB-wt with these mutants significantly inhibited protein aggregates where as co-expression with aA-wt enhanced protein aggregates which seems to be due to co-aggregation of the mutants with aA-wt. Aggresomes were validated by double immunofluorescence by co-localization of y-tubulin, a centrosome marker protein with aA-crystallin. Furthermore, increased ubiquitination was detected in @entity28820 , @entity28823 and @entity28824 as assessed by western blot analyses. Immunostaining with an ubiquitin antibody revealed that ubiquitin inclusions in the perinuclear regions were evident only in @entity28823 transfected cells. Pulse chase assay, after @entity1880 treatment, suggested that @entity28823 degraded faster than the wild-type control. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Mutants of aA-crystallin form aggregates and aggresomes. Co-expression of aA-wt with the mutants increased aggregates and co-expression of aB-wt with the mutants significantly decreased the aggregates. The mutant, @entity28823 protein degraded faster than wild-type control and increased ubiquitination was evident in @entity28823 expressing cells.

title: XXXX causing mutants of aA-crystallin/sHSP form aggregates and aggresomes degraded through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

entities_list: @entity11311 :: ('p|SUB|R|12|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R12C']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity28821 :: ('p|SUB|R|49|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R49C']

entities_list: @entity28822 :: ('p|SUB|R|54|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R54C']

entities_list: @entity28819 :: ('p|SUB|R|21|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R21L']

entities_list: @entity28820 :: ('p|SUB|R|21|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R21W']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Congenital cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several approaches are described for @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) varying from a very wide bifrontal craniotomy to minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of the frontolateral approach for @entity1653 . Pitfalls related to this corridor will be described. The impact of @entity5 size and encasement of the anterior cerebral artery complex on the degree of @entity5 removal will be described on the basis of experience with 18 cases. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with OGM underwent microsurgical removal using the frontolateral approach. A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing clinical data, neuroimaging studies, operative findings, clinical outcome, and degree of @entity5 removal. FINDINGS: The @entity1 were classified into group A with @entity5 size less than 4 cm in diameter (7 out of 18 cases, 38.9%) and group B with @entity5 size more than 4 cm in diameter (11 out of 18 cases, 61.1%). CSF @entity5254 was observed in three @entity1 (16.7%). Postoperative left frontal @entity1779 occurred in one @entity1 (5.6%) belonging to group A. In another @entity1 (5.6%) belonging to group B, marked @entity75 was evident after dural opening, which necessitated partial right frontal pole resection. @entity5 removal (Simpson grade 1 and 2) was achieved in 14 out of 18 @entity1 (77.8%), while subtotal removal (Simpson grade 3 and 4) was achieved in 4 @entity1 (22.2%). In the 14 @entity1 in whom total removal was achieved, 7 belonged to group A (all 7 @entity1 of group A with 100% removal), while the remaining 7 @entity1 belonged to group B (7 out of 11 @entity1 , 63.6% removal; one of them had anterior cerebral artery complex encasement). The four @entity1 in whom subtotal removal was achieved belonged to group B; three of them showed anterior cerebral artery complex encasement, and one elderly @entity1 had @entity5578 . One @entity1 (5.6%) in group B died from @entity385 after @entity5 removal with anterior cerebral @entity1317 during its dissection from the @entity5 capsule. CONCLUSION: The frontolateral approach has the advantages of both the pterional and conventional bifrontal approaches. The frontolateral approach allows quick and minimally invasive access to @entity1653 less than 4 cm in diameter, and also to @entity5 more than 4 cm in diameter without encasement of the anterior cerebral artery complex. @entity5 size more than 4 cm in diameter and encasement of the anterior cerebral artery complex are limiting factors for the frontolateral approach if @entity5 removal is considered.

title: Validity of the frontolateral approach as a minimally invasive corridor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'radical tumor', 'Tumor', 'Total tumor', 'subtotal tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal lobe swelling']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory groove meningioma', 'OGMs', 'olfactory groove meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['non-extensive paranasal sinus involvement']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['olfactory groove meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency at which laparoscopic surgery is performed to treat female pelvic @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: Using the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of @entity1 who had been diagnosed with abdominal or pelvic @entity158 who underwent outpatient laparoscopic procedures. Rates of procedures were tabulated for all years that were available (1994-1996). A comparison was made across age, ethnicity, and geographic distribution. RESULTS: The estimated number of @entity1 who underwent outpatient laparoscopic surgery for pelvic/ @entity490 was 120,000, 130,400, and 128,600 for the years 1994 through 1996, respectively. Typical additional procedures that were performed included lysis of adhesions, dilation, and hysteroscopy. The @entity1 who underwent these procedures were generally of reproductive age (mean, 32.2 +/- 9.6 years old). Most procedures are performed in hospitals with the use of general anesthesia. The southern portion of the country contributes a disproportionate share of the reported procedures. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgical evaluation of female pelvic or @entity490 occurs frequently in the US health care system.

title: Outpatient laparoscopy for abdominal and pelvic XXXX in the United States 1994 through 1996.

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Paranasal @entity50 is a rare and often fatal condition that occasionally occurs in @entity1 with debilitating disease. Five @entity2583 cases with paranasal sinus involvement are reported. Two also complicated @entity6 . These @entity6 @entity1 rapidly developed @entity693 after the onset of symptoms. One case was soon operated upon and necrotic masses with fungus were excised. Despite i.v. @entity2379 administration, two @entity1 lost their consciousness in a few days, relapsed into @entity772 and died. In these cases, the infection originated from the ethmoidal sinus and directly spread towards the orbit and brain. The remaining three cases with @entity2583 had operations after the initial diagnosis of @entity1244 . All of the three @entity1 are alive and well. The combination of an excisional operation and antifungal therapy resulted in favorable response. High resolution CT scanning is valuable both in planning treatment and monitoring the response to therapy.

title: [ XXXX in paranasal sinuses].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus mucormycosis']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['Mucormycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity3303 spray has been the common practice in many endoscopy centers, but scientific evidence is not conclusive on its superiority over other forms of topical anesthesia. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of @entity3303 spray as a topical pharyngeal anesthesia for upper endoscopy and that of anesthetic lozenges with a characteristic flavor. METHODS: A randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed in a single endoscopy center. For this study, 191 consecutive @entity1 ages 18 to 70 undergoing outpatient esophagogastroduodenoscopy were randomized before the procedure into either a spray group (10% @entity3303 pump spray plus plain Strepsils) or a lozenge group (Strepsils Dual Action anesthetic lozenge plus distilled water spray). The primary outcome was the @entity1 tolerance score, calculated according to the taste of the anesthetic agent, the intensity of numbness, the amount of cough or gag, and the degree of discomfort at esophageal intubation. The secondary outcomes included difficulty of esophageal intubation and the @entity1 ' and endoscopists' satisfaction score for the procedure. RESULTS: Randomization assigned 97 @entity1 to the lozenge group and 94 @entity1 to the spray group. The demographic data were similar in the two groups. The spray group had a significantly higher @entity1 tolerance score, a greater intensity of numbness, less gag reflex, and less discomfort than the lozenge group. The lozenge group had a better taste than the spray group. The difficulty of esophageal intubation and the @entity1 ' and endoscopists' satisfaction were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity3303 spray is superior to the flavored anesthetic lozenge as a topical pharyngeal anesthesia in unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

title: Flavored anesthetic lozenge versus XXXX spray used as topical pharyngeal anesthesia for unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Xylocaine']


abstract: A study evaluating the efficacy of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) as a treatment modality in experimental @entity157 is reported. @entity7283 (3924) 1 x 10(6) cells were transferred subcutaneously into 40 male ACI @entity35 (weight, 150 to 200 g). Animals were divided into four experimental groups: group 1 (n = 10) consisted of untreated controls; group 2 (n = 10) received intraperitoneal @entity786 50 mg/kg as a single dose; group 3 (n = 10) underwent @entity2101 only; and group 4 (n = 10) received both chemotherapy (as in group 2) and @entity2101 (as in group 3). @entity2101 was administered with a 5.5-cm diameter 4-MHz quartz transducer creating a continuous wave with 400 W/cm2 focal intensity. The entire @entity5 was irradiated in 1-mm increments (horizontal and vertical) using treatment cycles of 4 seconds on and 11 seconds off. Total body weight and @entity5 volume were measured on the day of treatment, and 4 weeks later. At 4 weeks, the animals were killed, the @entity5 was excised and weighed, and @entity5 volume was determined. @entity5 volume in all treated animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) was significantly smaller than in controls (P less than .001) at 4 weeks, and @entity5 volume for animals in group 4 was significantly smaller than for those in groups 2 and 3 (P less than .01). These data indicate that @entity2101 significantly reduces @entity5 size when compared with control @entity35 with @entity7283 . A synergistic effect of chemotherapy and @entity2101 was observed and resulted in an enhanced @entity5 response and reduction of @entity5 size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of XXXX irradiation in the treatment of experimental @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity7283 :: ('MESH:D008114', 'Disease') :: ['Morris hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HITU', 'high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound']


abstract: A study evaluating the efficacy of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) as a treatment modality in experimental @entity157 is reported. @entity7283 (3924) 1 x 10(6) cells were transferred subcutaneously into 40 male ACI @entity35 (weight, 150 to 200 g). Animals were divided into four experimental groups: group 1 (n = 10) consisted of untreated controls; group 2 (n = 10) received intraperitoneal @entity786 50 mg/kg as a single dose; group 3 (n = 10) underwent @entity2101 only; and group 4 (n = 10) received both chemotherapy (as in group 2) and @entity2101 (as in group 3). @entity2101 was administered with a 5.5-cm diameter 4-MHz quartz transducer creating a continuous wave with 400 W/cm2 focal intensity. The entire @entity5 was irradiated in 1-mm increments (horizontal and vertical) using treatment cycles of 4 seconds on and 11 seconds off. Total body weight and @entity5 volume were measured on the day of treatment, and 4 weeks later. At 4 weeks, the animals were killed, the @entity5 was excised and weighed, and @entity5 volume was determined. @entity5 volume in all treated animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) was significantly smaller than in controls (P less than .001) at 4 weeks, and @entity5 volume for animals in group 4 was significantly smaller than for those in groups 2 and 3 (P less than .01). These data indicate that @entity2101 significantly reduces @entity5 size when compared with control @entity35 with @entity7283 . A synergistic effect of chemotherapy and @entity2101 was observed and resulted in an enhanced @entity5 response and reduction of @entity5 size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of @entity2101 irradiation in the treatment of experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: The @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity528 (DND) in the @entity1249 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity63 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity101 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity35 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity35 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity63 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity1249 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity63 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity101 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed @entity528 in the XXXX -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity528 (DND) in the @entity1249 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity63 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity101 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity35 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity35 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity63 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity1249 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity63 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity101 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed @entity528 in the @entity64 -prone spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity528 (DND) in the @entity1249 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity63 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity101 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity35 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity35 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity63 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity1249 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity63 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity101 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed XXXX in the @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal death']


abstract: The @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity528 (DND) in the @entity1249 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity63 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity101 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity35 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity35 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity63 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity1249 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity63 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity101 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed @entity528 in the @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The establishment of a pediatric @entity130 system is an exercise in regionalization. The first step in program development is the acquisition of data necessary to understand the region. What are its boundaries? How many @entity1 are injured each year? How many die? What facilities already exist for the care of these @entity1 ? Who controls EMS? Are any referral systems in place? Next, agreement must be reached among the @entity1 regarding which @entity1 will be transferred. Who will make the transfer decision? Will it be made in the field or in the hospital? Will a numerical scoring system be used, or accident descriptors, or both? How and by whom will @entity1 be transported? What method of communication will be used to link the components of the system? The linchpin of effective @entity130 systems is public involvement, yet in most parts of the United States and Canada the public is unaware of the @entity130 problem, and the importance of @entity130 as the number one @entity1 health problem remains unrecognized. Since @entity130 is as much a societal problem as a medical one, the enthusiasm of individuals and public service organizations should be cultivated and a coalition formed to create a regional system. The educational, research, and prevention programs of a pediatric @entity130 center are not usually self-supporting, making progress in these areas dependent upon outside support. In several cities, grants and endowments have been received from service organizations, foundations, public-spirited companies, and individual philanthropy. Some assurance of a continuing source of funds usually is necessary before hospitals will accept part of the financial risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Creating pediatric XXXX systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ampullary restenosis is a late complication of biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy. Long-term data are limited regarding both the rate of @entity532 resulting from repeat therapy. AIMS: To determine the incidence of post @entity256 and the effectiveness of endoscopic therapy in the management of this entity. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical charts and the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database to identify @entity1 with ERCP and biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy during the period 1998-2002 at the University of Iowa Hospitals was conducted. All subjects were contacted by phone and asked about the recurrence of their pancreatobiliary symptoms after the first ERCP and whether they sought any medical treatment for these symptoms. The primary outcome was restenosis of the sphincterotomy site and the secondary outcome was complications of endoscopic treatment of @entity256 . RESULTS: A total of 202 @entity1 underwent ERCP and biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy on an intact major papilla. Of these, n = 80 @entity1 (54.7 +/- 19 years of age, 76% female) consented and enrolled in the study. Among these, n = 13 (16%) developed ampullary restenosis in 1-62 (median 16) months after the index ERCP. These 13 @entity1 underwent a total of 24 ERCPs (range 1-4 for each @entity1 ) for repeat biliary sphincterotomy and biliary stenting, if needed. Repeat biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy was successful in 12/13 (92%) @entity1 . Complications of repeat biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy were seen in three @entity1 : mild @entity788 (n = 1), severe @entity548 (n = 1), and severe duodenal perforation (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term restenosis is an important sequella of biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy. Repeat biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy is an effective treatment modality, but complications are not negligible.

title: Long-term biliary endoscopic XXXX : incidence, endoscopic management, and complications of retreatment.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis and complications']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['sphincterotomy restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['sphincterotomy restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is associated with social, psychological and physical benefits. Barriers to breast reconstruction in the United States include age, stage of disease, socioeconomic status and geographic location; however, little is known about the effects of these factors in the Canadian context of a universal health care system. We sought to determine the rate of breast reconstruction in Nova @entity1687 , identify characteristics influencing access to the procedure and describe the rates of different reconstructive options. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving all @entity1 in Nova @entity1687 who received diagnoses of @entity0 and had mastectomies between 1991 and 2001. We linked data from 2 administrative databases and performed analyses for each year in the study period. We followed the @entity1 until the end of the study period (2001). We used logistic regression to evaluate potential barriers to reconstruction. RESULTS: A total of 3717 @entity1 had mastectomies during the 10-year study period; of these @entity1 , 142 (3.8%) had breast reconstruction. The reconstruction rate increased to more than 5% in 3 of the last 4 years. Factors affecting the rate of breast reconstruction included @entity1 age, stage of disease and year of mastectomy. Household income did not significantly affect the likelihood of @entity1 seeking breast reconstruction. CONCLUSION: The rate of breast reconstruction in Nova @entity1687 (3.8%) is considerably lower than rates reported in the United States (8%-45%). The fact that household income did not influence the breast reconstruction rate may reflect the universal nature of Canada's public health care system.

title: Barriers to breast reconstruction after mastectomy in Nova XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1687 :: (MESH:D052556,Disease) :: ['Scotia']


abstract: @entity2915 has been applied to most of the species making up the numerically small family Equidae. However, comparative mapping data were still lacking in Asiatic asses kulan ( @entity41479 kulan) and kiang (E. kiang). The set of @entity1641 arm-specific probes generated by laser microdissection was hybridized onto kulan ( @entity41479 kulan) and kiang (E. kiang) chromosomes in order to establish a genome-wide chromosomal correspondence between these Asiatic asses and the @entity1641 . Moreover, region-specific probes were generated to determine fusion configuration and orientation of conserved @entity616 . The kulan karyotype (2n = 54) was ascertained to be almost identical to the previously investigated karyotype of @entity41479 E. h. @entity41479 (2n = 56). The only difference is in fusion/fission of chromosomes homologous to @entity1641 2q/3q, which are involved in chromosome number polymorphism in many Equidae species. E. kiang karyotype differs from the karyotype of @entity41479 by two additional fusions 8q/15 and 7/25. Chromosomes equivalent to 2q and 3q are not fused in kiang individuals with 2n = 52. Several discrepancies in centromere positions among kulan, kiang and @entity1641 chromosomes have been described. Most of the chromosome fusions in Asiatic asses are of centromere-centromere type. Comparative chromosome painting in kiang completed the efforts to establish chromosomal homologies in all representatives of the family Equidae. Application of region-specific probes allows refinement comparative maps of Asiatic asses.

title: Karyotypic relationships in Asiatic asses (kulan and kiang) as defined using XXXX chromosome arm-specific and region-specific probes.

entities_list: @entity41479 :: ('9794', 'Species') :: ['Equus hemionus', 'onager', 'E. hemionus']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-species chromosome painting']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['syntenic blocks']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of infliximab therapy on the employment status of @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-naive @entity1 with active early @entity309 were randomly allocated to receive @entity1500 plus placebo or @entity1500 plus infliximab (3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks through week 46. Data for @entity1 younger than age 65 years were included in the analyses. A @entity1 was categorized as employable if he or she was employed or felt well enough to work if a job were available. RESULTS: The change in actual employment was not significantly different between @entity1 receiving @entity1500 plus infliximab and those receiving @entity1500 plus placebo (0.5% versus 1.3%; P > 0.5). However, the proportion of @entity1 whose status changed from employable at baseline to unemployable at week 54 was smaller in the group receiving @entity1500 plus infliximab compared with that in the group receiving @entity1500 alone (8% versus 14%; P = 0.05). @entity1 who were treated with infliximab plus @entity1500 had a significantly greater likelihood of improvement rather than deterioration in employability (odds ratio 2.4; P < 0.001); this likelihood was not significantly greater in @entity1 receiving @entity1500 alone. The proportion of employed @entity1 who lost workdays during the trial was smaller in the @entity1500 plus infliximab group than in the @entity1500 -alone group (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: The actual employment rates among @entity1 in the 2 treatment groups were not different. However, @entity1 with early @entity309 who were treated with @entity1500 plus infliximab had a higher probability of maintaining their employability compared with those who were treated with @entity1500 alone.

title: Infliximab treatment maintains employability in @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of infliximab therapy on the employment status of @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-naive @entity1 with active early @entity309 were randomly allocated to receive @entity1500 plus placebo or @entity1500 plus infliximab (3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks through week 46. Data for @entity1 younger than age 65 years were included in the analyses. A @entity1 was categorized as employable if he or she was employed or felt well enough to work if a job were available. RESULTS: The change in actual employment was not significantly different between @entity1 receiving @entity1500 plus infliximab and those receiving @entity1500 plus placebo (0.5% versus 1.3%; P > 0.5). However, the proportion of @entity1 whose status changed from employable at baseline to unemployable at week 54 was smaller in the group receiving @entity1500 plus infliximab compared with that in the group receiving @entity1500 alone (8% versus 14%; P = 0.05). @entity1 who were treated with infliximab plus @entity1500 had a significantly greater likelihood of improvement rather than deterioration in employability (odds ratio 2.4; P < 0.001); this likelihood was not significantly greater in @entity1 receiving @entity1500 alone. The proportion of employed @entity1 who lost workdays during the trial was smaller in the @entity1500 plus infliximab group than in the @entity1500 -alone group (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: The actual employment rates among @entity1 in the 2 treatment groups were not different. However, @entity1 with early @entity309 who were treated with @entity1500 plus infliximab had a higher probability of maintaining their employability compared with those who were treated with @entity1500 alone.

title: Infliximab treatment maintains employability in XXXX with early @entity309 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spectrum of diagnoses made by general practitioners (GPs) seeing @entity1 with acute @entity490 , as well as GPs' handling of these @entity1 . To investigate factors predictive of acute admission to hospital. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: General practices in southern Norway, autumn 2007 and spring 2008. Subjects. A total of 134 @entity1 who were offered an acute appointment with a GP because of @entity490 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tentative diagnosis made and handling of the @entity1 by the GP. Explanatory factors: @entity158 duration, findings on clinical examination. RESULTS: The most frequent diagnosis was non-specific @entity158 (20%), followed by @entity1902 (13%), @entity698 (12%), @entity1066 (11%), @entity66 (9%), and urinary tract problems (7%). One-quarter of @entity1 were sent home after clinical examination without any specific action taken. One-quarter were acutely admitted to hospital, and one-quarter were treated with medication. The rest was either referred for further investigations on a non-acute basis (14%) or given a follow-up appointment with the GP (10%). @entity698 was the strongest predictor for acute admission. Rebound tenderness on clinical examination as well as @entity158 duration for 24 hours or less also independently predicted acute hospital admission. CONCLUSION: GPs face the challenge of meeting a wide and inhomogeneous spectre of complaints when dealing with @entity1 with acute @entity490 . Three-quarters of @entity1 are taken care of in primary care.

title: Acute XXXX in general practice: tentative diagnoses and handling. A descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Suspected appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['gynaecological disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: The temporal deployment of attention to tactile stimuli delivered to the same or to a symmetrical position of the body was assessed in 6 @entity75 ( @entity75 ) @entity1 with @entity1002 and 6 healthy controls. Two different tasks called Temporal (T) and Spatio-Temporal (ST) extinction were used. In the T task single or double electro tactile stimuli were delivered to the same point to the left or, in separate blocks, to the right index finger. Double stimuli were separated by different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies (SOAs). In the ST task, stimuli could be single (left or right) or double (left and right). Double stimuli were delivered to the index finger of both hands simultaneously or sequentially. In both tasks subjects were asked to report the number of the stimuli they perceived. In the ST task, subjects were also requested to report the stimuli location. Results show that in both tasks @entity75 @entity1 ' detection of left sided stimuli was significantly lower than of right sided stimuli detection, mainly at shortest SOAs. Moreover, detection of left sided stimuli was higher when two stimuli were delivered in sequence and in symmetrical body areas and in different sides of the space than when stimuli were delivered in sequence in the same body area. Results suggest that the interaction between spatial and temporal variables enhances the ability of @entity1054 @entity1 to detect left sided stimuli.

title: Temporal and spatio-temporal attention to tactile stimuli in extinction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['RBD', 'Right-Brain Damaged']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['tactile extinction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left tactile extinction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with persistent urge @entity322 and frequent side effects on oral anticholinergic agents were treated with @entity11440 administered intravesically. Five mg. tablets were dissolved in saline, and the solution was instilled twice daily and retained for 30 minutes. One @entity1 was unable to retain the medication because of severe @entity427 and was eliminated from the study. The remaining 10 @entity1 all reported subjective improvement following treatment and all became totally continent. No side effects were observed. In these 10 @entity1 mean bladder capacity increased from 224 to 360 ml. (p less than 0.01) and mean maximum filling pressure decreased from 33 to 24 cm. water (p equals 0.17). Two additional @entity1 with continent ileocecal urinary diversions were treated with topical @entity11440 instilled directly into the intestinal reservoir. Both @entity1 reported improved comfort with filling and 1 demonstrated a decrease in uninhibited contractions. These encouraging results suggest that treatment with topical @entity11440 is an effective alternative in @entity1 with @entity409 who either are unresponsive to or have intolerable side effects on oral medications.

title: Topical XXXX for relaxation of dysfunctional bladders.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin chloride']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin chloride']


abstract: The behavior and fate of three @entity2887 ( @entity4258 , @entity800 , and @entity2177 ), one @entity11682 ( @entity207 ), and @entity206 were investigated at a sewage treatment plant in Ume  , Sweden, in 2004. This plant uses conventional mechanical, chemical, and activated sludge methods to treat the sewage water and digest the sludge; the dewatered digested sludge is pelleted (dry weight > 90% of total weight). Raw sewage water and particles as well as effluents and sludge from specific treatment areas within the plant were sampled. In addition to quantifying the antibiotics within the plant, we characterized the sample matrixes to facilitate evaluation of the results. Of the five substances examined, only @entity4258 , @entity2177 , and @entity206 were present in concentrations higher than their limits of quantification. @entity4258 and @entity2177 sorbed to sludge in a manner that was independent of changes in pH during sewage treatment, and more than 70% of the total amount of these compounds passing through the plant was ultimately found in the digested sludge. The results suggest that @entity2887 undergo thermal degradation during pelleting, but more studies are needed to confirm this. @entity206 was found in the final effluent at approximately the same concentration and mass flow as in the raw sewage, and could not be quantified in any solid sample. Predicted environmental concentrations, based on consumption data for Ume   municipality, correlated well with the results obtained, especially when the predicted concentrations were corrected to account for the amount of each active substance excreted in urine. The results obtained were compared to those of previous studies of these three substances' behavior and fate and were found to be similar, although some of the other plants studied employed the various treatment steps in different orders.

title: Behavior of XXXX and @entity206 during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of sludge.

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['Norfloxacin', 'norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim', 'trimethoprim']

answer: @entity2887 :: (MESH:D024841,Chemical) :: ['fluoroquinolones']


abstract: The behavior and fate of three @entity2887 ( @entity4258 , @entity800 , and @entity2177 ), one @entity11682 ( @entity207 ), and @entity206 were investigated at a sewage treatment plant in Ume  , Sweden, in 2004. This plant uses conventional mechanical, chemical, and activated sludge methods to treat the sewage water and digest the sludge; the dewatered digested sludge is pelleted (dry weight > 90% of total weight). Raw sewage water and particles as well as effluents and sludge from specific treatment areas within the plant were sampled. In addition to quantifying the antibiotics within the plant, we characterized the sample matrixes to facilitate evaluation of the results. Of the five substances examined, only @entity4258 , @entity2177 , and @entity206 were present in concentrations higher than their limits of quantification. @entity4258 and @entity2177 sorbed to sludge in a manner that was independent of changes in pH during sewage treatment, and more than 70% of the total amount of these compounds passing through the plant was ultimately found in the digested sludge. The results suggest that @entity2887 undergo thermal degradation during pelleting, but more studies are needed to confirm this. @entity206 was found in the final effluent at approximately the same concentration and mass flow as in the raw sewage, and could not be quantified in any solid sample. Predicted environmental concentrations, based on consumption data for Ume   municipality, correlated well with the results obtained, especially when the predicted concentrations were corrected to account for the amount of each active substance excreted in urine. The results obtained were compared to those of previous studies of these three substances' behavior and fate and were found to be similar, although some of the other plants studied employed the various treatment steps in different orders.

title: Behavior of @entity2887 and XXXX during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of sludge.

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['trimethoprim']


abstract: @entity250 ( @entity250 ) is a multifactorial set of conditions associated with multiple anatomical, physiological, biological, medical and psychological factors that can have major impact on self-esteem, quality of life, mood and relationships. Studies indicate that @entity250 is commonly seen in @entity1 who report a low level of satisfaction with partner relationship and in @entity1 with male partners who have @entity323 . This complexity of @entity250 is augmented by the presence of @entity102 . Negative sexual effects are widely reported in studies of @entity1 with @entity102 (such as @entity209 , @entity6 , @entity740 , @entity5 , @entity1566 , lupus, @entity627 , @entity191 , @entity239 and @entity1118 ) as compared to a general healthy female population. Physical problems, emotional problems and partnership difficulties arising from disease-related stress contribute to less active and less enjoyable sex life. @entity1118 , @entity1295 , low self-esteem as well as use of medications might reduce sexual function. These effects of @entity102 on female sexual function still remain largely unstudied. The study by Manor and Zohar published in this issue of Harefuah draws our attention to the @entity250 of @entity1 with @entity0 and examines their needs for information regarding their sexual function. In the absence of definite treatment evidence, psychological counseling, improved vaginal lubrication, low dose of hormonal therapy can be used to relieve @entity250 . Physicians must consider integrating diagnosis of their female @entity1 ' @entity250 , especially @entity1 with @entity102 . @entity1 ' education and counseling may contribute to a better quality of life in spite of their @entity102 .

title: [Female sexual function and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['FSD', 'Female sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunction', 'sexual needs and dysfunction']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: Thallium lung uptake (TL-uptake) was usually treated as background for myocardial image and increase of TL-uptake in exercise test was considered as marker of @entity308 . It was reported that marked increase of TL-uptake in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) corresponded to acute severe @entity712 . Here effect of TL-uptake on myocardial planar images was studied in 61 @entity1 with @entity583 . In acute phase anterior, LAO 30 degrees and LAO 60 degrees myocardial images were collected. In 29 cases of 61 cases 3 to 6 hours delayed images could be collected. Each myocardial images was divided to 3 division and both images were compared. In 5 of 6 @entity1 with marked increase of TL-uptake new defects were noted in anterior division of delayed images and in one case also in lateral division. In 7 @entity1 of 12 @entity1 with moderate increase of TL-uptake new defects were also noted in delayed images, i.e. 3 in anterior, 3 in inferior and one in apical division. It was concluded that over estimation of @entity296 due to marked increase of TL-uptake was often noted in @entity1 with @entity583 accompanying severe @entity384 . It became clear that delayed images were necessary to correctly estimate @entity296 in such case.

title: [Overestimation of XXXX due to an increase in thallium uptake by the lung].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial viability']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the outcomes of mitral valve repair in a defined group of @entity1 with @entity339 caused by advanced @entity528 . METHODS: Advanced @entity19020 was defined as a degenerative process whereby both leaflets are voluminous and aneurysmal and the mitral annulus diameter exceeds 40 mm and has @entity572 , as determined by means of echocardiographic analysis. Over a 16-year period, we identified 183 @entity1 who underwent valve repair in this subgroup of @entity528 . The repair consisted of relocating the posterior mitral annulus to the endocardium of the left ventricle at the atrioventricular junction, correction of leaflet prolapse, and annuloplasty. Analysis of perioperative variables and postoperative outcomes were undertaken. The mean follow-up was 5.9 +/- 4.2 years and complete. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 52 years, and 118 were @entity1 . All @entity1 had @entity339 preoperatively. There were no early and only 8 late @entity204 (2 valve-related @entity204 ). The survival at 10 years was 92% +/- 3%. Six @entity1 required reoperation on the mitral valve, 5 for recurrent severe @entity339 . The freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 93% +/- 3%. Six @entity1 had severe and 21 had moderate @entity339 . The freedom from recurrent moderate or severe @entity339 at 10 years was 80% +/- 5%. We could not identify independent predictors of recurrent @entity339 . CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair for advanced @entity528 on the mitral valve provides excellent early functional results, but late recurrent regurgitation is common, despite correction of dilated and displaced mitral annulus and leaflet prolapse.

title: Mitral valve repair for advanced @entity528 with XXXX of the mitral annulus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['posterior displacement']

entities_list: @entity19020 :: ('MESH:C563573', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous degeneration']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['posterior displacement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the outcomes of mitral valve repair in a defined group of @entity1 with @entity339 caused by advanced @entity528 . METHODS: Advanced @entity19020 was defined as a degenerative process whereby both leaflets are voluminous and aneurysmal and the mitral annulus diameter exceeds 40 mm and has @entity572 , as determined by means of echocardiographic analysis. Over a 16-year period, we identified 183 @entity1 who underwent valve repair in this subgroup of @entity528 . The repair consisted of relocating the posterior mitral annulus to the endocardium of the left ventricle at the atrioventricular junction, correction of leaflet prolapse, and annuloplasty. Analysis of perioperative variables and postoperative outcomes were undertaken. The mean follow-up was 5.9 +/- 4.2 years and complete. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 52 years, and 118 were @entity1 . All @entity1 had @entity339 preoperatively. There were no early and only 8 late @entity204 (2 valve-related @entity204 ). The survival at 10 years was 92% +/- 3%. Six @entity1 required reoperation on the mitral valve, 5 for recurrent severe @entity339 . The freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 93% +/- 3%. Six @entity1 had severe and 21 had moderate @entity339 . The freedom from recurrent moderate or severe @entity339 at 10 years was 80% +/- 5%. We could not identify independent predictors of recurrent @entity339 . CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair for advanced @entity528 on the mitral valve provides excellent early functional results, but late recurrent regurgitation is common, despite correction of dilated and displaced mitral annulus and leaflet prolapse.

title: Mitral valve repair for advanced XXXX with @entity572 of the mitral annulus.

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['myxomatous degeneration']


abstract: @entity33518 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of certain inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of @entity33518 also contributes to allergen-IgE-induced mast cell activation and vascular permeability. We investigated the role of @entity33518 in @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness using @entity36275 , a selective @entity33518 inhibitor, in a @entity19 @entity565 model. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway @entity1712 , mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of @entity8024 and @entity6580 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal administration of @entity36275 significantly (P<0.05) attenuated OVA-induced influx into lungs of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as levels of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , and @entity638 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity36275 also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and LTC(4) release into the airspace. Histological studies show that @entity36275 inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue @entity1712 , airway mucus production, and @entity32 score. In addition, @entity36275 significantly (P<0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled @entity2710 . Western blot analyses of whole lung tissue lysates shows that @entity36275 markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , @entity8024 , @entity6580 , @entity638 , and @entity639 . Furthermore, @entity36275 treatment markedly attenuated OVA-induced @entity563 phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of @entity33518 signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity32 .

title: Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness in XXXX @entity565 model.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic airway inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity33518 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of certain inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of @entity33518 also contributes to allergen-IgE-induced mast cell activation and vascular permeability. We investigated the role of @entity33518 in @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness using @entity36275 , a selective @entity33518 inhibitor, in a @entity19 @entity565 model. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway @entity1712 , mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of @entity8024 and @entity6580 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal administration of @entity36275 significantly (P<0.05) attenuated OVA-induced influx into lungs of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as levels of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , and @entity638 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity36275 also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and LTC(4) release into the airspace. Histological studies show that @entity36275 inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue @entity1712 , airway mucus production, and @entity32 score. In addition, @entity36275 significantly (P<0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled @entity2710 . Western blot analyses of whole lung tissue lysates shows that @entity36275 markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , @entity8024 , @entity6580 , @entity638 , and @entity639 . Furthermore, @entity36275 treatment markedly attenuated OVA-induced @entity563 phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of @entity33518 signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity32 .

title: Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates XXXX and hyperresponsiveness in @entity19 @entity565 model.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic airway inflammation']