abstract: @entity26008 belongs to a group of progressive @entity16 in which the destruction of white matter in the brain is accompanied by the formation of fibrous, eosinophilic deposits known as Rosenthal fibers. @entity85 rarely accompanies this disease. The aim of this report is to present a @entity1 with juvenile-onset @entity26008 , who also had progressive @entity4094 requiring surgical stabilization. A 13-year-old male presented with @entity425 in both lower extremities and @entity1635 . Results of an examination of the spine showed a left @entity1514 with prominent left paraspinous prominence and elevation of the ipsilateral shoulder. Spinal fusion with rigid internal stabilizing instrumentation was selected for surgical treatment of the @entity1635 . The fusion area was to be from T2 to L4. He was instrumented with pedicle screw fixation system, and he underwent fusion with an allogenous bone graft. Satisfactory correction of the sagittal and @entity85 was achieved, reducing the @entity1635 to 14 degrees . At the 5-year follow-up, results of a clinical examination showed a marked improvement in truncal balance and walking ability. The @entity1 had a rapidly progressive @entity1635 and severe decompensation requiring surgical stabilization. The @entity1635 behaved in a manner similar to that of @entity4094 . Therefore, more aggressive treatment was warranted to prevent decompensation. For that reason, posterior long segment (T2-L4) pedicle screw instrumentation and fusion was performed for surgical treatment.

title: A rare cause of @entity4094 : XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular type scoliosis', 'neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral weakness']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity26008 :: ('MESH:D038261', 'Disease') :: ['Alexander disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['coronal plane deformity', 'Spinal deformity']

answer: @entity26008 :: (MESH:D038261,Disease) :: ['Alexander disease']


abstract: @entity26008 belongs to a group of progressive @entity16 in which the destruction of white matter in the brain is accompanied by the formation of fibrous, eosinophilic deposits known as Rosenthal fibers. @entity85 rarely accompanies this disease. The aim of this report is to present a @entity1 with juvenile-onset @entity26008 , who also had progressive @entity4094 requiring surgical stabilization. A 13-year-old male presented with @entity425 in both lower extremities and @entity1635 . Results of an examination of the spine showed a left @entity1514 with prominent left paraspinous prominence and elevation of the ipsilateral shoulder. Spinal fusion with rigid internal stabilizing instrumentation was selected for surgical treatment of the @entity1635 . The fusion area was to be from T2 to L4. He was instrumented with pedicle screw fixation system, and he underwent fusion with an allogenous bone graft. Satisfactory correction of the sagittal and @entity85 was achieved, reducing the @entity1635 to 14 degrees . At the 5-year follow-up, results of a clinical examination showed a marked improvement in truncal balance and walking ability. The @entity1 had a rapidly progressive @entity1635 and severe decompensation requiring surgical stabilization. The @entity1635 behaved in a manner similar to that of @entity4094 . Therefore, more aggressive treatment was warranted to prevent decompensation. For that reason, posterior long segment (T2-L4) pedicle screw instrumentation and fusion was performed for surgical treatment.

title: A rare cause of XXXX : @entity26008 .

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']


abstract: Serum @entity3745 Tg(RIA) was studied in 161 residents of the Nomane region of New Guinea. The incidence of antithyroglobulin antibodies (ATA) and antimicrosomal antibodies (anti-M) was also studied to assess the role of @entity792 in goitrogenesis. ATA were detected in only 4 sera; these sera were excluded from the study since ATA interfere in the Tg radioimmunoassay. Anti-M antibodies were undetectable in all of 105 subjects whose sera were analyzed. Mean (+/-se) serum Tg(RIA) in the 84 nongoitrous (NG) subjects was 163.1 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, whereas that in 77 goitrous (G) subjects was 208.1 +/- 19.8 ng/ml; both values were much higher (P is less than 0.001) than that (5.1 +/- 0.49 ng/ml) in normal Californian subjects. The mean serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the NG group (12.1 +/- 2.1 muU/ml) was not statistically different from that in the G group (10.1 +/- 1.5 muU/ml). Serum Tg(RIA) correlated positively with log TSH (r equals 0.38 P is less than 0.001). Intrigued by the finding of @entity5651 in some residents of an @entity4759 region and its absence in other residents exposed to the same environmental factors, we evaluated the possibility that the thyroid glands of subjects who develop @entity5651 may be inherently more responsive to any given level of TSH than those of the inhabitants without @entity5651 . However, the slope of the correlation between serum Tg(RIA) and log TSH was only slightly (0.1 is less than P is greater than .05) higher in G than in the NG group. These studies suggested that factors other than thyroidal responsiveness to TSH must also be important in goiterogenesis of @entity4759 regions. We conclude that 1) serum @entity3745 is a sensitive parameter of chronic as well as acute thyroidal stimulation; 2) Thyroid @entity792 and increased thyroidal response to TSH do not explain goiterogenesis in New Guinea and attention should be focused on other possibilities.

title: Serum XXXX in inhabitants of an @entity4759 region of New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic goiter']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['thyroglobulin']


abstract: Serum @entity3745 Tg(RIA) was studied in 161 residents of the Nomane region of New Guinea. The incidence of antithyroglobulin antibodies (ATA) and antimicrosomal antibodies (anti-M) was also studied to assess the role of @entity792 in goitrogenesis. ATA were detected in only 4 sera; these sera were excluded from the study since ATA interfere in the Tg radioimmunoassay. Anti-M antibodies were undetectable in all of 105 subjects whose sera were analyzed. Mean (+/-se) serum Tg(RIA) in the 84 nongoitrous (NG) subjects was 163.1 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, whereas that in 77 goitrous (G) subjects was 208.1 +/- 19.8 ng/ml; both values were much higher (P is less than 0.001) than that (5.1 +/- 0.49 ng/ml) in normal Californian subjects. The mean serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the NG group (12.1 +/- 2.1 muU/ml) was not statistically different from that in the G group (10.1 +/- 1.5 muU/ml). Serum Tg(RIA) correlated positively with log TSH (r equals 0.38 P is less than 0.001). Intrigued by the finding of @entity5651 in some residents of an @entity4759 region and its absence in other residents exposed to the same environmental factors, we evaluated the possibility that the thyroid glands of subjects who develop @entity5651 may be inherently more responsive to any given level of TSH than those of the inhabitants without @entity5651 . However, the slope of the correlation between serum Tg(RIA) and log TSH was only slightly (0.1 is less than P is greater than .05) higher in G than in the NG group. These studies suggested that factors other than thyroidal responsiveness to TSH must also be important in goiterogenesis of @entity4759 regions. We conclude that 1) serum @entity3745 is a sensitive parameter of chronic as well as acute thyroidal stimulation; 2) Thyroid @entity792 and increased thyroidal response to TSH do not explain goiterogenesis in New Guinea and attention should be focused on other possibilities.

title: Serum @entity3745 in inhabitants of an XXXX region of New Guinea.

answer: @entity4759 :: (MESH:D006043,Disease) :: ['endemic goiter']


abstract: Intraventricular injections of 192 IgG saporin in 7-day-old @entity35 severely reduced @entity131 as reflected by both decreased acetylcholinesterase staining and immunoreactivity for the p75 neurotrophin receptor. It was determined if this altered the effects of environmental enrichment on spatial learning, hippocampal @entity1249 cell cytoarchitecture as reflected by the Golgi stain, and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus as indicated by doublecortin immunoreactivity. At weaning, lesioned and control @entity35 were either group housed in large, environmentally enriched cages or housed two per standard cage for 42 days. When subsequently assessed with a working-memory spatial navigation task, both lesioned and control @entity35 showed enhanced learning as a result of enrichment. Quantitative analysis of Golgi stained sections indicated that enrichment did not affect @entity1249 @entity2343 or dendritic spine density. However, the lesion reduced the number of apical branches, spine density on intermediate to distal apical dendrites, and the length of basal branches. It also reduced the number of doublecortin immunoreactive neurons in the dentate gyrus and appeared to prevent their increase due to environmental enrichment. It is concluded that developmental cholinergic lesioning does not attenuate neurobehavioral plasticity, at least as reflected by the behavioral consequences of enrichment. It does, however, attenuate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, like adult-inflicted cholinergic lesions. As previously found for cortical neurons, it also reduces @entity1249 pyramidal cell dendritic complexity and spine density in adulthood. The results have implications for the loss of synapses that occurs in both developmental and aging-related @entity75 involving @entity409 .

title: Developmental forebrain cholinergic lesion and environmental enrichment: behaviour, XXXX cytoarchitecture and neurogenesis.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal cholinergic innervation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic branching, total dendritic length']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lifetime prevalence of domestic violence in @entity1 is 20-25%. There is increasing recognition of the increased vulnerability of @entity146 populations to domestic violence. We therefore aimed to review studies on the prevalence of, and the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions in, @entity146 @entity1 experiencing domestic violence. METHOD: Literature search using Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE applying the following inclusion criteria: English-language papers, data provided on the prevalence of or interventions for domestic violence, adults in contact with mental health services. RESULTS: Reported lifetime prevalence of severe domestic violence among @entity146 in- @entity1 ranged from 30% to 60%. Lower rates are reported for @entity1 when prevalence is reported by gender. No controlled studies were identified. Low rates of detection of domestic violence occur in routine clinical practice and there is some evidence that, when routine enquiry is introduced into services, detection rates improve, but identification of domestic violence is rarely used in treatment planning. There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of routine enquiry in terms of morbidity and mortality, and there have been no studies investigating specific domestic violence interventions for @entity146 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of domestic violence in @entity146 populations but the extent of the increased risk in @entity146 @entity1 compared with other populations is not clear because of the limitations of the methodology used in the studies identified. There is also very limited evidence on how to address domestic violence with respect to the identification and provision of evidence-based interventions in mental health services.

title: Domestic violence and severe XXXX : prevalence and interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemotherapy for hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases is associated with the development of chemotherapy-associated @entity1560 (CASH). This increases the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. To the authors' knowledge, an animal model for CASH has not been described previously. It has been established that fatty acid @entity6741 conjugates (FABACs) prevent the formation of diet-induced @entity1560 . The current study was designed to establish an animal model of CASH and to use that model to study the effect of FABACs on its occurrence. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were given different doses of @entity901 and @entity2600 . @entity901 administered once weekly at a dose of 6 mg/kg for a total dose of 24 mg/kg was tolerated best and was associated most consistently with CASH. Thus, that dose was chosen as the induction model for CASH. Subsequently, @entity19 were divided into a control group (no treatment), an @entity901 group, and a CASH-prevention group, which received @entity901 and C20-FABAC at a dose of 150 mg/kg daily. The animals were killed after 28 days. RESULTS: Liver fat content was significantly lower (P < .0001) in the control group (51.63 mg/g) and the prevention group (62.13 mg/g) compared with the @entity901 group (95.35 mg/g). This difference was mainly because of the accumulation of liver @entity1674 in the @entity901 group. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that C57BL/6 @entity19 receiving weekly @entity901 can be used as a model for CASH. Oral FABAC therapy reduced the development of CASH in animals that received @entity901 . To the authors' knowledge, this report is the first description of a model and a potential preventive treatment for CASH.

title: An animal model for chemotherapy-associated XXXX and its prevention by the oral administration of fatty acid @entity6741 conjugate.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatohepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemotherapy for hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases is associated with the development of chemotherapy-associated @entity1560 (CASH). This increases the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. To the authors' knowledge, an animal model for CASH has not been described previously. It has been established that fatty acid @entity6741 conjugates (FABACs) prevent the formation of diet-induced @entity1560 . The current study was designed to establish an animal model of CASH and to use that model to study the effect of FABACs on its occurrence. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were given different doses of @entity901 and @entity2600 . @entity901 administered once weekly at a dose of 6 mg/kg for a total dose of 24 mg/kg was tolerated best and was associated most consistently with CASH. Thus, that dose was chosen as the induction model for CASH. Subsequently, @entity19 were divided into a control group (no treatment), an @entity901 group, and a CASH-prevention group, which received @entity901 and C20-FABAC at a dose of 150 mg/kg daily. The animals were killed after 28 days. RESULTS: Liver fat content was significantly lower (P < .0001) in the control group (51.63 mg/g) and the prevention group (62.13 mg/g) compared with the @entity901 group (95.35 mg/g). This difference was mainly because of the accumulation of liver @entity1674 in the @entity901 group. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that C57BL/6 @entity19 receiving weekly @entity901 can be used as a model for CASH. Oral FABAC therapy reduced the development of CASH in animals that received @entity901 . To the authors' knowledge, this report is the first description of a model and a potential preventive treatment for CASH.

title: An animal model for chemotherapy-associated @entity1560 and its prevention by the oral administration of fatty acid XXXX conjugate.

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the localization of @entity13609 ( @entity13609 ) in ram sperm and the possible changes during in vitro capacitation (CA) and the ionophore-induced @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Likewise, changes in intracellular @entity460 levels ([ @entity141 ](i)) were also analysed by using flow cytometry. CA was induced in vitro in a medium containing BSA, @entity3282 , @entity5993 , and @entity137 by the addition of the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 . The acrosomal status was assessed by the @entity7914 -fluorescence (CTC) assay. Flow cytometry (FC) analyses were performed by loading samples with @entity3576 AM, that emits fluorescence at a high [ @entity141 ](i), combined with @entity2667 (PI) that allowed us to discriminate sperm with/without an integral plasma membrane both with high/low [ @entity141 ](i). Immunocytochemistry localized @entity13609 to the flagellum, and some sperm also contained @entity13609 in the head (equatorial and post-acrosomal regions). CA and @entity137 resulted in a slight increase in the post-acrosomal labelling. The treatment of sperm with increasing concentrations of two @entity13609 antagonists, W7 and @entity6106 (CZ), accounted for an increase in capacitated and acrosome-reacted CTC-sperm patterns. CZ induced a significant reduction in the content of three protein @entity669 -phosphorylated bands of approximately of 30, 40 and 45kDa. However, W7 showed no significant effect at any of the studied concentrations. Neither of them significantly influenced protein @entity563 and @entity1889 phosphorylation. FC analysis revealed that the main subpopulation in the control samples contained 70% of the total sperm with integral plasma membrane and a medium [ @entity141 ](i). After CA, 67.1% of the sperm preserved an integral membrane with a higher [ @entity141 ](i). After @entity137 , only 7.2% of the total sperm preserved intact membranes with a very high [ @entity141 ](i). These results imply that @entity13609 appears to be involved in ram sperm capacitation, and both treatments increased its localization in the post-acrosomal region.

title: Changes in XXXX immunocytochemical localization associated with capacitation and acrosomal exocytosis of ram spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['acrosome reaction', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['chlortetracycline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity6106 :: ('MESH:C031938', 'Chemical') :: ['calmidazolium']

answer: @entity13609 :: (808,Gene) :: ['calmodulin']


abstract: @entity1990 (lipopolysaccharide), a major constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts directly or indirectly. This study sought to investigate the functions of the RANK/ @entity5271 pathway in @entity1990 -induced @entity604 in vivo. Wild-type @entity19 or @entity20081 -/- @entity19 were injected @entity1990 with or without @entity16323 ( @entity16323 ) and analyzed histologically. Bone volume was reduced by @entity1990 injection in all groups, and @entity16323 administration prevented the @entity1990 -induced @entity604 regardless of genotypes. @entity1990 -induced enhancement of osteoclastogenesis in wild-type @entity19 was blocked by @entity16323 administration. @entity1990 or @entity16323 did not affect osteoclastogenesis in @entity20081 -/- @entity19 . Interestingly, osteoblast surface was remarkably reduced in @entity1990 -treated @entity20081 -/- @entity19 as a result of enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. @entity13943 , induced by @entity637 in BMC, triggered apoptosis of primary osteoblast only when @entity20081 signal was ablated in vitro. In conclusion, RANK signaling plays a prominent role in osteoclastogenesis downstream of @entity1990 . Furthermore, @entity20081 regulates bone metabolism through not only the regulation of osteoclast differentiation but also osteoblast survival.

title: The roles of @entity20081 in lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX : dual effects of @entity20081 on bone metabolism via osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast survival.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: @entity1990 (lipopolysaccharide), a major constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts directly or indirectly. This study sought to investigate the functions of the RANK/ @entity5271 pathway in @entity1990 -induced @entity604 in vivo. Wild-type @entity19 or @entity20081 -/- @entity19 were injected @entity1990 with or without @entity16323 ( @entity16323 ) and analyzed histologically. Bone volume was reduced by @entity1990 injection in all groups, and @entity16323 administration prevented the @entity1990 -induced @entity604 regardless of genotypes. @entity1990 -induced enhancement of osteoclastogenesis in wild-type @entity19 was blocked by @entity16323 administration. @entity1990 or @entity16323 did not affect osteoclastogenesis in @entity20081 -/- @entity19 . Interestingly, osteoblast surface was remarkably reduced in @entity1990 -treated @entity20081 -/- @entity19 as a result of enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. @entity13943 , induced by @entity637 in BMC, triggered apoptosis of primary osteoblast only when @entity20081 signal was ablated in vitro. In conclusion, RANK signaling plays a prominent role in osteoclastogenesis downstream of @entity1990 . Furthermore, @entity20081 regulates bone metabolism through not only the regulation of osteoclast differentiation but also osteoblast survival.

title: The roles of XXXX in lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity604 : dual effects of @entity20081 on bone metabolism via osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast survival.

answer: @entity20081 :: (21937(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNFR1']


abstract: @entity1990 (lipopolysaccharide), a major constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts directly or indirectly. This study sought to investigate the functions of the RANK/ @entity5271 pathway in @entity1990 -induced @entity604 in vivo. Wild-type @entity19 or @entity20081 -/- @entity19 were injected @entity1990 with or without @entity16323 ( @entity16323 ) and analyzed histologically. Bone volume was reduced by @entity1990 injection in all groups, and @entity16323 administration prevented the @entity1990 -induced @entity604 regardless of genotypes. @entity1990 -induced enhancement of osteoclastogenesis in wild-type @entity19 was blocked by @entity16323 administration. @entity1990 or @entity16323 did not affect osteoclastogenesis in @entity20081 -/- @entity19 . Interestingly, osteoblast surface was remarkably reduced in @entity1990 -treated @entity20081 -/- @entity19 as a result of enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. @entity13943 , induced by @entity637 in BMC, triggered apoptosis of primary osteoblast only when @entity20081 signal was ablated in vitro. In conclusion, RANK signaling plays a prominent role in osteoclastogenesis downstream of @entity1990 . Furthermore, @entity20081 regulates bone metabolism through not only the regulation of osteoclast differentiation but also osteoblast survival.

title: The roles of @entity20081 in lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity604 : dual effects of XXXX on bone metabolism via osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast survival.

answer: @entity20081 :: (21937(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNFR1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only few studies have assessed the relative impact of prenatal and postnatal exposure to @entity286 smoke on the @entity1 's later @entity565 or chronic @entity1576 and to our knowledge no studies have elaborated @entity1729 and @entity566 in this context. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to @entity286 smoke on respiratory health of Russian school @entity1 . METHODS: We studied a population of 5951 @entity1 (8 to 12 years old) from 9 Russian cities, whose parents answered a questionnaire on their @entity1 's respiratory health, home environment, and housing characteristics. The main health outcomes were @entity565 , @entity566 , chronic @entity1576 , chronic @entity3617 , and @entity1729 . We used adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from logistic regression analyses as measures of effect. RESULTS: Prenatal exposure due to maternal smoking had the strongest effects on @entity565 (adjusted OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.19-5.08), chronic @entity3617 (adjusted OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08-1.96) and @entity1576 , such as wheezing (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.90-1.89). The associations were weaker for exposure during early-life (adjusted ORs 1.38/1.27/1.15 respectively) and after 2 years of age (adjusted ORs 1.45/1.34/1.18) compared to prenatal exposure and the weakest or non-existent for current exposure (adjusted ORs 1.05/1.09/1.06). @entity1729 were associated more strongly with early-life exposure (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.42) than with prenatal (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54-1.01) or current exposure (adjusted OR1.05, 95% CI 0.92-1.20). The risk of @entity566 was also related to early life exposure to @entity286 smoke (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.42). CONCLUSION: Adverse effects of @entity286 smoke on @entity565 , chronic @entity3617 , and chronic @entity1576 are strongest when smoking takes place during pregnancy. The relations are weaker for exposure during early-life and after 2 years of age and weakest or non-existent for current exposure.

title: Prenatal and postnatal XXXX smoke exposure and respiratory health in Russian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infections', 'Upper respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only few studies have assessed the relative impact of prenatal and postnatal exposure to @entity286 smoke on the @entity1 's later @entity565 or chronic @entity1576 and to our knowledge no studies have elaborated @entity1729 and @entity566 in this context. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to @entity286 smoke on respiratory health of Russian school @entity1 . METHODS: We studied a population of 5951 @entity1 (8 to 12 years old) from 9 Russian cities, whose parents answered a questionnaire on their @entity1 's respiratory health, home environment, and housing characteristics. The main health outcomes were @entity565 , @entity566 , chronic @entity1576 , chronic @entity3617 , and @entity1729 . We used adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from logistic regression analyses as measures of effect. RESULTS: Prenatal exposure due to maternal smoking had the strongest effects on @entity565 (adjusted OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.19-5.08), chronic @entity3617 (adjusted OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08-1.96) and @entity1576 , such as wheezing (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.90-1.89). The associations were weaker for exposure during early-life (adjusted ORs 1.38/1.27/1.15 respectively) and after 2 years of age (adjusted ORs 1.45/1.34/1.18) compared to prenatal exposure and the weakest or non-existent for current exposure (adjusted ORs 1.05/1.09/1.06). @entity1729 were associated more strongly with early-life exposure (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.42) than with prenatal (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54-1.01) or current exposure (adjusted OR1.05, 95% CI 0.92-1.20). The risk of @entity566 was also related to early life exposure to @entity286 smoke (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.42). CONCLUSION: Adverse effects of @entity286 smoke on @entity565 , chronic @entity3617 , and chronic @entity1576 are strongest when smoking takes place during pregnancy. The relations are weaker for exposure during early-life and after 2 years of age and weakest or non-existent for current exposure.

title: Prenatal and postnatal @entity286 smoke exposure and respiratory health in Russian XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported premature, extensive @entity730 in @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 (hmzFH) due to mutations in the @entity754 gene ( @entity754 ). The objective of this study was to measure the degree of @entity730 in heterozygous FH (htzFH) compared to both hmzFH and controls. We hypothesized that the @entity754 gene may contribute to @entity730 in a gene-dosage effect. METHOD: @entity1 with htzFH due to the French Canadian mutation ( @entity21317 kb del. null allele) were selected. All @entity1 underwent computed tomographic scan to measure @entity729 . We used 22 hmzFH @entity1 from our previous study and @entity1 undergoing computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy as controls. RESULTS: Mean age for htzFH was 50 +/- 15 years; initial @entity165 level before treatment was 10.45 +/- 1.73 mmol/ @entity3667 cardiovascular events occurred in 9 of 17 @entity1 . A strong correlation between age and @entity460 score was found (r = 0.72, P = .0016). There was a strong correlation between the @entity165 -year score (an index of lifelong @entity165 burden) and the aortic @entity460 score (r = 0.62, P = .0105). @entity730 in htzFH subjects occurred later than in hmzFH @entity1 , but much earlier than in controls, suggesting a gene-dosage effect of @entity754 mutations and aortic @entity460 deposition. CONCLUSION: @entity730 was observed in @entity1 with htzFH but presented at a later time and were less extensive than in hmzFH (34 vs 14 years, respectively). Because @entity730 may be partly independent of serum @entity165 levels in @entity1 with @entity753 , implications for screening and the timing of treatment initiation may need reassessment.

title: @entity730 in XXXX : potential role of the @entity754 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDL-R']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic calcification', 'aortic calcification', 'aortic calcifications', 'Aortic calcifications']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported premature, extensive @entity730 in @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 (hmzFH) due to mutations in the @entity754 gene ( @entity754 ). The objective of this study was to measure the degree of @entity730 in heterozygous FH (htzFH) compared to both hmzFH and controls. We hypothesized that the @entity754 gene may contribute to @entity730 in a gene-dosage effect. METHOD: @entity1 with htzFH due to the French Canadian mutation ( @entity21317 kb del. null allele) were selected. All @entity1 underwent computed tomographic scan to measure @entity729 . We used 22 hmzFH @entity1 from our previous study and @entity1 undergoing computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy as controls. RESULTS: Mean age for htzFH was 50 +/- 15 years; initial @entity165 level before treatment was 10.45 +/- 1.73 mmol/ @entity3667 cardiovascular events occurred in 9 of 17 @entity1 . A strong correlation between age and @entity460 score was found (r = 0.72, P = .0016). There was a strong correlation between the @entity165 -year score (an index of lifelong @entity165 burden) and the aortic @entity460 score (r = 0.62, P = .0105). @entity730 in htzFH subjects occurred later than in hmzFH @entity1 , but much earlier than in controls, suggesting a gene-dosage effect of @entity754 mutations and aortic @entity460 deposition. CONCLUSION: @entity730 was observed in @entity1 with htzFH but presented at a later time and were less extensive than in hmzFH (34 vs 14 years, respectively). Because @entity730 may be partly independent of serum @entity165 levels in @entity1 with @entity753 , implications for screening and the timing of treatment initiation may need reassessment.

title: @entity730 in @entity753 : potential role of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity754 :: (3949,Gene) :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported premature, extensive @entity730 in @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 (hmzFH) due to mutations in the @entity754 gene ( @entity754 ). The objective of this study was to measure the degree of @entity730 in heterozygous FH (htzFH) compared to both hmzFH and controls. We hypothesized that the @entity754 gene may contribute to @entity730 in a gene-dosage effect. METHOD: @entity1 with htzFH due to the French Canadian mutation ( @entity21317 kb del. null allele) were selected. All @entity1 underwent computed tomographic scan to measure @entity729 . We used 22 hmzFH @entity1 from our previous study and @entity1 undergoing computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy as controls. RESULTS: Mean age for htzFH was 50 +/- 15 years; initial @entity165 level before treatment was 10.45 +/- 1.73 mmol/ @entity3667 cardiovascular events occurred in 9 of 17 @entity1 . A strong correlation between age and @entity460 score was found (r = 0.72, P = .0016). There was a strong correlation between the @entity165 -year score (an index of lifelong @entity165 burden) and the aortic @entity460 score (r = 0.62, P = .0105). @entity730 in htzFH subjects occurred later than in hmzFH @entity1 , but much earlier than in controls, suggesting a gene-dosage effect of @entity754 mutations and aortic @entity460 deposition. CONCLUSION: @entity730 was observed in @entity1 with htzFH but presented at a later time and were less extensive than in hmzFH (34 vs 14 years, respectively). Because @entity730 may be partly independent of serum @entity165 levels in @entity1 with @entity753 , implications for screening and the timing of treatment initiation may need reassessment.

title: XXXX in @entity753 : potential role of the @entity754 gene.

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['Aortic calcifications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is conclusive evidence from large clinical trials that thrombolytic therapy reduces mortality and morbidity in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, only a small proportion of @entity1 receive thrombolytic treatment. Estimates have varied from 20%-50% in North America and Europe. Data from the Arab Middle East is sparse. The purpose of our study was to determine the use of thrombolytic therapy in our hospital. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 343 @entity1 (358 incidents of @entity583 ), who were either discharged from or died at the coronary care unit of the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital during the one-year period between June 1994 and May 1995. RESULTS: Our @entity1 were relatively younger (63% were 7lt;55 years) and had a much higher prevalence (44%) of @entity6 compared to European @entity1 . We observed a high rate (62%) of thrombolysis and a lesser shortfall (8%) when compared to that reported for European @entity1 . The main reason for withholding thrombolytic therapy was non-diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) on initial presentation. @entity1 were less likely to be thrombolyzed than @entity1 (38% vs. 66%, P=0.0001). Older @entity1 (aged >65 years) were also less likely to be thrombolyzed than younger @entity1 (42% vs. 66%; P=0.0006). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the use of thrombolytic therapy in this university hospital in Kuwait is appropriate. However, as observed in other reports as well, the underutilization of thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 and the elderly needs to be addressed in future studies.

title: Thrombolytic therapy in XXXX : Experience at a university hospital in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this report was to study the sensitivity of indicators used for predicting bile duct stones and their endoscopic removal before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 104 @entity1 who successfully underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) before laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Riyadh Medical Complex between 1992 and 1994 (1412H-1414H). Six indicators  @entity1087 , @entity788 , stones in bile duct on sonography, dilated bile duct (>7 mm) on ultrasonography, dilated bile duct with deranged liver function test, and deranged liver function test without @entity1087  were used for suspecting @entity2877 and endoscopic removal before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. RESULTS: Ultrasound correctly predicted bile duct stone in 75%, followed by dilated bile duct with deranged liver function test (46%). @entity1087 and @entity788 were equally sensitive indicators (42% each). Sensitivity of only dilated bile duct on ultrasonography in predicting duct stone was 36%. @entity1578 without @entity1087 was the least sensitive (22%) of the predictors. Overall, these indicators correctly diagnosed bile duct stones in 34% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Until laparoscopic exploration of bile duct or a noninvasive technique, such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram (MRCP), is widely available, these predictors will help in selecting @entity1 with bile duct stones for preoperative removal. Other workers have suggested combining these indicators to improve the predictive value.

title: Assessment of indicators for predicting XXXX before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Clinical jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Deranged liver function']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the relationship between coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) results for predicting the short- and long-term risk of @entity299 . BACKGROUND: The CACS and SPECT results both provide important prognostic information. It is unclear whether integrating these tests will better predict @entity1 outcome. METHODS: We followed-up 1,126 generally asymptomatic subjects without previous @entity65 who had a CACS and stress SPECT scan performed within a close time period (median 56 days). The median follow-up was 6.9 years. End points analyzed were total @entity299 and all-cause @entity583 ( @entity583 ). RESULTS: An abnormal SPECT result increased with increasing CACS from <1% (CACS < or =10) to 29% (CACS >400) (p < 0.001). Total @entity299 and @entity204 / @entity583 also increased with increasing CACS and abnormal SPECT results (p < 0.001). In subjects with a normal SPECT result, CACS added incremental prognostic information, with a 3.55-fold relative increase for any @entity299 (2.75-fold for @entity204 / @entity583 ) when the CACS was severe (>400) versus minimal (< or =10). Separation of the survival curves occurred at 3 years after initial testing for all @entity299 and at 5 years for @entity204 / @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: The CACS and SPECT findings are independent and complementary predictors of short- and long-term @entity299 . Despite a normal SPECT result, a severe CACS identifies subjects at high long-term cardiac risk. After a normal SPECT result, our findings support performing a CACS in @entity1 who are at intermediate or high clinical risk for @entity453 to better define those who will have a high long-term risk for adverse @entity299 .

title: The coronary artery XXXX score and stress myocardial perfusion imaging provide independent and complementary prediction of cardiac risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'death/myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: We developed a nomogram predicting the probability of early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy because early recurrence predisposes to distant @entity3 and @entity263 related mortality. Identifying @entity1 at risk for early recurrence may improve prognosis as early institution of adjuvant therapy may reduce the risk of progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1992 to December 2005, 2,911 @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . Cox regression models addressing biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy were used to identify significant predictors. Age, @entity1486 , pathological Gleason sum, surgical margin, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node invasion were considered. A nomogram predicting the probability of biochemical recurrence-free survival within 2 years after radical prostatectomy was developed. Data from an independent center were used for external validation (2,875). RESULTS: In both cohorts combined during the first 2 years 11.0% (639) of all @entity1 experienced relapse which accounted for 58.5% of all observed biochemical recurrence. In the development cohort except for age all covariates represented significant predictors of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Pathological Gleason sum 7 or greater, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node invasion were the most powerful predictors of biochemical recurrence. The accuracy (c-index) of the nomogram predicting biochemical recurrence-free survival within 2 years after radical prostatectomy was 0.82 in the external validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Two-thirds of all instances of relapse occur during the first 2 years after radical prostatectomy. Those @entity1 can be highly accurately identified with our nomogram. They might benefit the most from adjuvant treatment and could be the ideal candidates for adjuvant treatment trials.

title: Nomogram predicting the probability of early recurrence after radical prostatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: To determine whether wild @entity3999 ( @entity3999 ) at Mikura Island, Japan, show asymmetry of eye or flipper use during a social behaviour, we investigated the laterality of flipper-to-body (F-B) rubbing, in which one dolphin ("rubber") rubs the body of another ("rubbee") with its flipper. We analysed 382 episodes of video-recorded F-B rubbings performed by identified individuals (N=111 rubbers). F-B rubbing was conducted significantly more frequently with the left flipper than with the right flipper. The duration of F-B rubbings was also significantly longer with the left flipper than with the right flipper. Of 20 dolphins, nine individuals showed significant @entity10584 as the rubber in this behaviour, whereas no dolphins showed significant right-side bias. The results indicate a population-level @entity10584 of the rubber in F-B rubbing. An analysis of the swimming configurations during this behaviour suggests that the asymmetry in F-B rubbing was caused not only by the laterality of the rubber, but by a preference for use of the left eye in both dolphins during this behaviour. Dolphins used the left eye significantly more frequently than the right eye during the inquisitive behaviour, while they showed no significant bias in flipper use during the object-carrying behaviour. These facts also suggest that the asymmetry of F-B rubbing is caused by the preference for using the left eye. Significant @entity10584 was observed only in F-B rubbings initiated by the rubbee, in which the rubbee determined its position during this behaviour. This suggests that this behavioural asymmetry was enhanced by the rubbees choosing the left side of the rubber to ensure better and longer rubs.

title: Laterality of flipper rubbing behaviour in wild bottlenose dolphins ( XXXX ): caused by asymmetry of eye use?

entities_list: @entity3999 :: ('79784', 'Species') :: ['Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins', 'Tursiops aduncus']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-side bias']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Species) :: ['Tursiops aduncus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Restoration of a painless hip joint capable of bearing weight by uncemented implantation of a rotationally stable, modular revision stem anchored in the diaphysis. INDICATIONS: Prosthetic stem loosening with @entity79 (defect classification types I-III according to Paprosky). @entity177 with broken prosthesis. @entity3330 . @entity5 . CONTRAINDICATIONS: Extensive osteolysis preventing diaphyseal anchorage of the prosthesis. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Transgluteal approach to the hip joint. Removal of the loose prosthetic stem and, if cemented, the bone cement as well. Excision of intramedullary granulation tissue. Reaming of the medullary cavity with flexible reaming shafts and form-fit, uncemented implantation of the star-shaped modular revision stem with diaphyseal press fit. If there is extensive loss of metaphyseal bone stock, augmentation with autogenous/allogenic bone should be performed. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Mobilization on two underarm crutches from the 1st postoperative day. Removal of the Redon drains after 48 h. Partial loading with 20 kg for 6 weeks postoperatively. If plain radiographs show unchanged seating of the prosthesis after 6 weeks, loading can be increased by 10 kg per week until full weight bearing is achieved; @entity715 prophylaxis is continued throughout. Radiologic checkups after 3, 6, and 12 months. After that, the @entity1 should be checked annually. RESULTS: 45 @entity1 (n = 48 prostheses) with an average age of 67.2 years (min.-max. 42.4-87.4 years) were investigated. The average implantation time of the Modular Revision Prosthesis @entity11092 -TITAN revision stem was 4.7 years (min.-max. 1.0-9.0 years). The Harris Hip Score for Paprosky bone defect types I-III had increased from 25.6 preoperatively to 71.4 postoperatively at the time of the final follow-up (< or = 0.05). Extensively defective bone was diagnosed preoperatively in 32 @entity1 (> or = Paprosky IIB). Plain radiographs showed stable anchorage without @entity4222 in 44 @entity1 . In one case, the stem (implantation time 2.36 years) was replaced due to increasing axial subsidence (> or = 5 mm). Good integration of bone graft with subsequent defect regeneration was seen in all @entity1 with bone transplant (n = 30). @entity86 occurred in six @entity1 and required closed reduction in four cases. Open reduction was performed in two @entity1 , whereby the external rotation angle of the prosthetic neck was corrected without dismantling the distally anchored prosthetic stem components. The mechanical failure rate over the follow-up period of 9 years was one out of the 48 prospectively investigated prostheses. Rate of survival according to Kaplan-Meier was 97%.

title: Uncemented femoral revision arthroplasty using the modular revision prosthesis XXXX -TITAN revision stem.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Material failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic bone defects']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative dislocation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['Sub- and/or periprosthetic femoral fractures']

answer: @entity11092 :: (4363,Gene) :: ['MRP']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the progression of the clinical features from symptom onset to diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity1313 . DESIGN: Retrospective case note review. @entity1 : Sixty @entity1 with @entity1313 : 27 @entity1 from Nagoya University Hospital diagnosed between February 2004 and April 2008, and 33 @entity1 from Anjo Kosei Hospital diagnosed between April 1995 and December 2008. RESULTS: Various symptoms and signs were observed. The most common initial symptoms or signs were @entity391 (24.1%), @entity10 (17.2%), unsteadiness (10.3%), and paresis (10.3%). Sixteen @entity1 were diagnosed based on the initial symptom or sign alone; six, at routine medical check-ups or had perinatal diagnosis; and the remaining 38, based on one or more additional features following the initial symptom. Nine of the 10 @entity1 with @entity10 as the initial symptom subsequently developed either @entity391 (in seven) or unsteadiness with @entity129 (in two). Twelve of the 14 @entity1 with @entity391 as the initial symptom subsequently developed @entity10 (in three), unsteadiness (in five), or other manifestations of @entity428 (in four). The remaining 14 had varied initial symptoms and combinations of symptoms and signs associated with the @entity5 location. The median pre-diagnosis symptomatic interval was 20.5 days. There was no significant difference in the median symptomatic interval between @entity1 with @entity10 or @entity391 as the initial symptom and those with any neurological sign. CONCLUSION: @entity1313 present with various initial symptoms and signs. Many are diagnosed as additional symptoms or signs develop. The clinical features exhibit several patterns of progression, which are related to the @entity5 location.

title: How do the clinical features of XXXX in childhood progress before diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours', 'Paediatric brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of repeated cycles of @entity353 and regain as young adults on long-term weight development. DESIGN: A follow-up study with questionnaires in 1985, 1995 and 2001. SETTING: Finland. SUBJECTS: A national cohort of 1838 male elite athletes who had represented Finland in major international sport competitions in 1920-1965, including 370 @entity1 engaged in sports in which weight-related performance classes are associated with weight cycling (boxers, weight lifters and wrestlers; further called as weight cyclers), and 834 matched control @entity1 with no athletic background. OUTCOME MEASURE: Weight change since the age of 20 years, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of @entity28 and overweight. RESULTS: The weight cyclers gained 5.2 BMI units from age 20 years to their maximum mean weight, which was at age 58.7 years. Corresponding figures for the controls were 4.2 BMI units at 58.5 years and for other athletes 3.3 BMI units at age 62.5 years. The proportion of @entity28 (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2)) subjects was greatest among the weight cyclers both in 1985 and 1995. In 2001, the weight cyclers were more often @entity28 than other athletes, but did not differ from the controls. The odds ratio for the weight cyclers to be @entity28 compared to other athletes in 1985 was 3.18 (95% confidence intervals 2.09-4.83), and compared to the controls 2.0 (1.35-2.96). The enhanced @entity1017 of the weight cyclers was not accounted for by present health habits (smoking, @entity167 use, use of high-fat milk or physical activity) or weight at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated cycles of @entity353 and regain appear to enhance subsequent @entity1017 and may predispose to @entity28 . Chronic dieting with weight cycling may be harmful for permanent weight control.

title: Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent XXXX in middleage.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent that the genetic and environmental factors contribute to the phenotypic correlations between @entity28 traits and age at menarche (AAM), and also to examine the influence of AAM on @entity28 in both pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: F ive hundred and twelve pedigrees with 2667 Caucasian female subjects from two to four generations were recruited. Fat mass and lean mass (both in kg) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) was calculated. We performed bivariate quantitative genetic analyses in the total sample containing 2667 Caucasian @entity1 . We also selected 206 unrelated premenopausal @entity1 and 140 unrelated postmenopausal @entity1 from the total sample, and computed the respective phenotypic correlation between @entity28 and AAM in these two subgroups. RESULTS: For fat mass, lean mass and BMI, we detected their significant negative genetic correlations with AAM after adjustment for significant covariates, which were -0.3170 (P<0.001), -0.1721 (P<0.05) and -0.3665 (P<0.001), respectively. However, their environmental correlations with AAM were all nonsignificant (P>0.05), ranging from -0.0016 to 0.0192. In the premenopausal subgroup, significant associations were observed between fat mass and AAM (rho=-0.231, P<0.01) as well as between BMI and AAM (rho=-0.257, P<0.01). In the postmenopausal subgroup, no such associations were observed. CONCLUSION: Our results for the first time suggested that significant phenotypic association between @entity28 phenotypes and AAM is mainly attributable to shared genetic rather than environmental factors, and AAM may have stronger effects on @entity28 phenotypes in pre- than in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Genetic and environmental correlations between XXXX phenotypes and age at menarche.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to evaluate whether @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) reflects disease activity in @entity1 with @entity55 . METHODS: Eighty-eight subjects who were normal (n=66) or who had proven @entity55 (n=22) underwent FDG-PET and CT imaging. The subjects included 55 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 , ranging in age from 24 to 63 years (mean 47 years). PET and CT data sets were digitally fused using a conformational PET/CT fusion algorithm. All scans were evaluated independently by two chest radiologists who were unaware of other clinical data. The visual score, maximal and mean standardised uptake value (SUV), and maximal and mean lesion-to-normal tissue ratio (LNR) were calculated. The imaging results were compared with the laboratory and pulmonary function test results. The inflammatory cells in the lesions were quantified immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The visual score, maximal and mean SUV, and maximal and mean LNR of the @entity1 with @entity55 were significantly higher than those of the normal subjects. The @entity1 with air-space consolidation had a significantly higher SUV than those without air-space consolidation (mean+/-SD 3.08+/-0.39 vs 2.35+/-0.56; p<0.05). The number of CD45(+) cells was positively correlated with the maximal SUV (r=0.632, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.453, p<0.05). The number of @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes also showed positive correlations with the maximal SUV (r=0.540, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.547, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity55 have an enhanced FDG accumulation which reflects the degree of disease activity.

title: Disease activity and @entity419 uptake in XXXX : semi-quantitative evaluation using computed tomography and positron emission tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['( 18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['organising pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['organising pneumonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to evaluate whether @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) reflects disease activity in @entity1 with @entity55 . METHODS: Eighty-eight subjects who were normal (n=66) or who had proven @entity55 (n=22) underwent FDG-PET and CT imaging. The subjects included 55 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 , ranging in age from 24 to 63 years (mean 47 years). PET and CT data sets were digitally fused using a conformational PET/CT fusion algorithm. All scans were evaluated independently by two chest radiologists who were unaware of other clinical data. The visual score, maximal and mean standardised uptake value (SUV), and maximal and mean lesion-to-normal tissue ratio (LNR) were calculated. The imaging results were compared with the laboratory and pulmonary function test results. The inflammatory cells in the lesions were quantified immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The visual score, maximal and mean SUV, and maximal and mean LNR of the @entity1 with @entity55 were significantly higher than those of the normal subjects. The @entity1 with air-space consolidation had a significantly higher SUV than those without air-space consolidation (mean+/-SD 3.08+/-0.39 vs 2.35+/-0.56; p<0.05). The number of CD45(+) cells was positively correlated with the maximal SUV (r=0.632, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.453, p<0.05). The number of @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes also showed positive correlations with the maximal SUV (r=0.540, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.547, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity55 have an enhanced FDG accumulation which reflects the degree of disease activity.

title: Disease activity and XXXX uptake in @entity55 : semi-quantitative evaluation using computed tomography and positron emission tomography.

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: Pharmacological relapse prevention treatment for @entity1 with @entity161 can last for years if not the @entity1 's lifetime. The attitude @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) hold regarding this treatment can have profound effects on service users' decisions related to treatment. The small number of studies focusing on this issue concentrates on the use of 'depot' preparations. To develop a validated inventory to assess the attitudes of @entity1032 towards treatment and evaluate the attitudes of a sample of @entity1032 . The inventory was developed in three stages; item selection, piloting and psychometric testing. The validated inventory was administered to a sample of 50 @entity1032 undertaking a degree level course in the psycho-social management of @entity716 . The final inventory consisted of 21 attitudinal items and four items related to the practitioner's confidence. Results from the sample revealed areas of agreement, variation and uncertainty. A valid and reliable inventory has been developed. The administration of the inventory to 50 @entity1032 returned results which reflect variable attitudes and perceptions of competency towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment. This diversity in attitudes may have an impact on management of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 and clinical outcomes.

title: Mental health practitioner's attitude towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health practitioners', 'MHPs']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Pharmacological relapse prevention treatment for @entity1 with @entity161 can last for years if not the @entity1 's lifetime. The attitude @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) hold regarding this treatment can have profound effects on service users' decisions related to treatment. The small number of studies focusing on this issue concentrates on the use of 'depot' preparations. To develop a validated inventory to assess the attitudes of @entity1032 towards treatment and evaluate the attitudes of a sample of @entity1032 . The inventory was developed in three stages; item selection, piloting and psychometric testing. The validated inventory was administered to a sample of 50 @entity1032 undertaking a degree level course in the psycho-social management of @entity716 . The final inventory consisted of 21 attitudinal items and four items related to the practitioner's confidence. Results from the sample revealed areas of agreement, variation and uncertainty. A valid and reliable inventory has been developed. The administration of the inventory to 50 @entity1032 returned results which reflect variable attitudes and perceptions of competency towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment. This diversity in attitudes may have an impact on management of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 and clinical outcomes.

title: Mental health practitioner's attitude towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment for XXXX with @entity161 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several kinds of thermally processed hydroxyapatite have been commonly used for @entity79 due to @entity79 or @entity174 instead of autologous bone grafts. However, these materials do not change in form during surgery and are not absorbed over a long period. To overcome this disadvantage, @entity78 bone cements (CPCs) have been developed and are already in use in clinical cases. These materials have merit in that to be formed in situ they are injectable and absorbable, but there are still problems with their handling and their hardening properties. A newly developed CPC called XSB-671D hardens earlier and is more resistant to body fluids than other CPCs. The purpose of this article is to verify the effectiveness, safety and usefulness of this CPC (XSB-671D) as a @entity79 filler. METHODS: We conducted clinical trials at five medical institutions based on a unified protocol in a total of 75 cases (30 males, 45 females). We observed the postoperative constitutional symptoms and local symptoms of the filling sites. The effectiveness of this material was evaluated by radiographs of the filled sites, and blood and urine were examined to evaluate any adverse effects. RESULTS: The ratio of the cases determined to be "effective" or "better" among the 74 cases we found qualified was 97.3%, and XSB-671D was confirmed to be a highly effective material with beneficial effects of biocompatibility and osteoconduction as a @entity79 filler. Additionally, there were no adverse effects caused by XSB-671D except one local skin reaction, which disappeared 2 weeks later; its safety was also thus verified. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that effective, safe treatment is possible using XSB-671D in cases requiring filling of a @entity79 as well as those with serious @entity170 .

title: Clinical use of a newly developed XXXX cement (XSB-671D).

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases', 'bone defects', 'bone defect']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: An extracellular @entity462 protease inhibitor (ECPI-2) was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Chlorella sp. 4533 by the combination of various column chromatographies. The molecular mass of the inhibitor was estimated to be 340 kDa by @entity214 -PAGE. The inhibitor was extremely heat-stable under acidic or neutral condition. ECPI-2 exhibited an inhibitory activity against the proteolytic activity of papain, ficin, or chymopapain, but not against stem bromelain or @entity467 . The inhibitor showed no inhibitory activity against trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin or thermolysin. ECPI-2 contains 33.6% @entity1735 residues by weight and @entity14377 at a molar ratio of 1:2. The proteolysis of the inhibitor by trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin was apparent, but the inhibitory activity of ECPI-2 was unaffected by these enzymes. The alpha-chymotrypsin hydrolysis product from ECPI-2 was further separated into six fractions by gel filtration. From these results, it is suggested that ECPI-2 has several reactive sites for papain.

title: Purification and characterization of extracellular XXXX protease inhibitor, ECPI-2, from Chlorella sp.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibits papain']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficiency of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MRI) vs. high resolution CT in predicting recurrent or residual @entity3540 in @entity1 who underwent prior @entity2172 surgery. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 (4 with 2 recurrences) aged 5-17 years (mean 11.4) previously surgically treated for a @entity3540 of the @entity2172 , were included for follow-up with systematic CT scan and MRI, between 2005 and 2007. METHODOLOGY: CT scan was performed on a @entity5377 Somaton 64 (0.5/0.2 mm slices reformatted in 0.5/0.3 mm images), parallel and perpendicular to the lateral semi-circular canal for each ear (100 mmx100 mm FOV). MRI was undertaken on a @entity5377 Avanto 1.5 T unit, with an adapted protocol for young @entity1 . Diagnosis of recurrent @entity3540 was based on the evidence of a hyperintense image at B1000 on diffusion-weighted images. Results of CT scan and MRI were compared with operative diagnosis. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had a positive MRI, among which 8 had @entity3540 confirmed during revision surgery. In the 12 negative MRI cases, 5 were positive on revision surgery. None of these lesions was over 3mm. Two of them were diagnosed on the CT scan. CT scan alone had a positive predictive value of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 58%. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MRI is associated with a high positive predictive value for the detection of recurrent @entity3540 . CT scan remains the first choice imaging technique. In case of doubtful CT scan, diffusion-weighted MRI could confirm a recurrence or, when negative, avoid second-look surgery.

title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for evaluation of pediatric recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatomas']


abstract: AIM: With adequate control of perioperative @entity158 it is possible to control central and peripheral inflammatory responses to surgery and influence @entity1 outcomes. Use of analgesics before the @entity158 stimulus (preventive analgesia) obstructs development of neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system and reduces @entity158 . Our investigation hypothesis is that preoperative central (epidural or intrathecal) @entity1338 will reduce @entity282 and the systemic inflammatory stress response more effectively than @entity1343 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 undergoing colorectal resection surgery were allocated into three groups receiving a preoperative epidural dose of (i) @entity1338 5 microg/kg (n = 17), (ii) @entity1343 2.5 mg/ml (n = 12) or (iii) saline as a control group (n = 13). @entity1904 , @entity650 and @entity158 levels were assessed before operation, 1 h after starting, and then at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after operation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups of @entity1 in age, sex, body-mass index, body surface area and operation time. We demonstrated significant reduction (P < 0.05) in levels of @entity1904 and @entity650 in the preoperative @entity1338 group compared with the preoperative @entity1343 and control groups. @entity282 levels at rest and on movement were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity1338 group, especially 1 h after surgery (VAS 0.82 and 1.18), than in the @entity1343 group (VAS 5.25 and 6.67) and the control group (VAS 7.08 and 8.31). CONCLUSION: These results support the importance of the central effect of @entity1338 on @entity158 pathways and blockade of the systemic inflammatory stress response.

title: XXXX and systemic inflammatory stress response after preoperative analgesia with @entity1338 or @entity1343 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: AIM: With adequate control of perioperative @entity158 it is possible to control central and peripheral inflammatory responses to surgery and influence @entity1 outcomes. Use of analgesics before the @entity158 stimulus (preventive analgesia) obstructs development of neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system and reduces @entity158 . Our investigation hypothesis is that preoperative central (epidural or intrathecal) @entity1338 will reduce @entity282 and the systemic inflammatory stress response more effectively than @entity1343 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 undergoing colorectal resection surgery were allocated into three groups receiving a preoperative epidural dose of (i) @entity1338 5 microg/kg (n = 17), (ii) @entity1343 2.5 mg/ml (n = 12) or (iii) saline as a control group (n = 13). @entity1904 , @entity650 and @entity158 levels were assessed before operation, 1 h after starting, and then at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after operation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups of @entity1 in age, sex, body-mass index, body surface area and operation time. We demonstrated significant reduction (P < 0.05) in levels of @entity1904 and @entity650 in the preoperative @entity1338 group compared with the preoperative @entity1343 and control groups. @entity282 levels at rest and on movement were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity1338 group, especially 1 h after surgery (VAS 0.82 and 1.18), than in the @entity1343 group (VAS 5.25 and 6.67) and the control group (VAS 7.08 and 8.31). CONCLUSION: These results support the importance of the central effect of @entity1338 on @entity158 pathways and blockade of the systemic inflammatory stress response.

title: @entity282 and systemic inflammatory stress response after preoperative analgesia with XXXX or @entity1343 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: AIM: With adequate control of perioperative @entity158 it is possible to control central and peripheral inflammatory responses to surgery and influence @entity1 outcomes. Use of analgesics before the @entity158 stimulus (preventive analgesia) obstructs development of neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system and reduces @entity158 . Our investigation hypothesis is that preoperative central (epidural or intrathecal) @entity1338 will reduce @entity282 and the systemic inflammatory stress response more effectively than @entity1343 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 undergoing colorectal resection surgery were allocated into three groups receiving a preoperative epidural dose of (i) @entity1338 5 microg/kg (n = 17), (ii) @entity1343 2.5 mg/ml (n = 12) or (iii) saline as a control group (n = 13). @entity1904 , @entity650 and @entity158 levels were assessed before operation, 1 h after starting, and then at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after operation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups of @entity1 in age, sex, body-mass index, body surface area and operation time. We demonstrated significant reduction (P < 0.05) in levels of @entity1904 and @entity650 in the preoperative @entity1338 group compared with the preoperative @entity1343 and control groups. @entity282 levels at rest and on movement were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity1338 group, especially 1 h after surgery (VAS 0.82 and 1.18), than in the @entity1343 group (VAS 5.25 and 6.67) and the control group (VAS 7.08 and 8.31). CONCLUSION: These results support the importance of the central effect of @entity1338 on @entity158 pathways and blockade of the systemic inflammatory stress response.

title: @entity282 and systemic inflammatory stress response after preoperative analgesia with @entity1338 or XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity169 was investigated in a community survey in a neighbourhood of western Jerusalem in 1969-71. The current prevalence rate, excluding operated @entity547 , was 18 per 100 @entity1 aged 25 and over, and the lifetime prevalence, including operated @entity547 , was 24 per 100. Prevalence rose markedly with age; the lifetime prevalence rate reached 40 per 100 @entity1 at the ages of 65-74 and 47 per 100 at 75 and over. The prevalence of @entity547 was significantly higher in the presence of varicose veins, in @entity1 who reported symptoms of @entity1067 , and, among lean @entity1 only, in the presence of haemorrhoids. These associations may reflect the role of increased abdominal pressure. The prevalence of @entity547 was low in the presence of overweight or adiposity, suggesting that @entity28 is a protective factor. No significant age-independent associations were found with chronic cough, constipation, physical activity at work, or a number of other variables. Two-thirds of the @entity547 had not been operated upon. The prevalence of unrepaired @entity547 rose with age; 13% of all @entity1 aged 65-74 and 23% of those aged 75 and over had unoperated groin swellings. One in every five operated @entity547 showed evidence of recurrence. No significant age-independent associations were found between evidence of occurrence and other characteristics. A comparison of interview responses and examination findings showed that interview data on the presence of @entity547 were of low validity, mainly because of under-reporting.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX . A survey in western Jerusalem.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with several mutations in the @entity10736 ( @entity10736 ), including most @entity462 substitutions. However, the nature of two substitutions, @entity66323 and @entity16103 , remains a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the actual role of these two sequence variations in a series of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The main clinical data of 89 @entity1 with @entity5 have been prospectively registered on a standard form. 84 @entity1 or members of families with recurrent episodes of inflammatory symptoms spanning a period of more than 6 months and harbouring a @entity10736 mutation were studied. Clinical data have been analysed according to the nature of the mutation- @entity66323 , @entity16103 or others. RESULTS: @entity66323 is often seen in @entity1 from Maghreb and is associated with a mild phenotype. @entity66323 appears as a polymorphism with a non-specific role in @entity32 . @entity16103 is associated with a variable phenotype and presents as a low-penetrance mutation. Interpreting these results will require a comparison with clinical signs and genetic background.

title: Clinical significance of @entity66323 and @entity16103 substitutions in the XXXX necrosis factor superfamily 1A gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TRAPS', 'Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16103 :: ('p|SUB|R|92|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R92Q']

entities_list: @entity66323 :: ('p|SUB|P|46|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P46L']

entities_list: @entity10736 :: ('7132', 'Gene') :: ['TNF receptor super family 1A', 'TNFRSF1A']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with several mutations in the @entity10736 ( @entity10736 ), including most @entity462 substitutions. However, the nature of two substitutions, @entity66323 and @entity16103 , remains a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the actual role of these two sequence variations in a series of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The main clinical data of 89 @entity1 with @entity5 have been prospectively registered on a standard form. 84 @entity1 or members of families with recurrent episodes of inflammatory symptoms spanning a period of more than 6 months and harbouring a @entity10736 mutation were studied. Clinical data have been analysed according to the nature of the mutation- @entity66323 , @entity16103 or others. RESULTS: @entity66323 is often seen in @entity1 from Maghreb and is associated with a mild phenotype. @entity66323 appears as a polymorphism with a non-specific role in @entity32 . @entity16103 is associated with a variable phenotype and presents as a low-penetrance mutation. Interpreting these results will require a comparison with clinical signs and genetic background.

title: Clinical significance of @entity66323 and XXXX substitutions in the @entity5 necrosis factor superfamily 1A gene.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

answer: @entity16103 :: (p|SUB|R|92|Q,ProteinMutation) :: ['R92Q']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with several mutations in the @entity10736 ( @entity10736 ), including most @entity462 substitutions. However, the nature of two substitutions, @entity66323 and @entity16103 , remains a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the actual role of these two sequence variations in a series of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The main clinical data of 89 @entity1 with @entity5 have been prospectively registered on a standard form. 84 @entity1 or members of families with recurrent episodes of inflammatory symptoms spanning a period of more than 6 months and harbouring a @entity10736 mutation were studied. Clinical data have been analysed according to the nature of the mutation- @entity66323 , @entity16103 or others. RESULTS: @entity66323 is often seen in @entity1 from Maghreb and is associated with a mild phenotype. @entity66323 appears as a polymorphism with a non-specific role in @entity32 . @entity16103 is associated with a variable phenotype and presents as a low-penetrance mutation. Interpreting these results will require a comparison with clinical signs and genetic background.

title: Clinical significance of XXXX and @entity16103 substitutions in the @entity5 necrosis factor superfamily 1A gene.

answer: @entity66323 :: (p|SUB|P|46|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['P46L']


abstract: @entity1263 ( @entity1263 ) are @entity8650 that occur either sporadically or in @entity1 with @entity1264 . The malignant transformation of the benign neurofibroma to @entity808 is incompletely understood at the molecular level. We have determined the gene expression signature for benign and malignant PNSTs and found that the major trend in @entity5 to @entity808 consists of the loss of expression of a large number of genes, rather than widespread increase in gene expression. Relatively few genes are expressed at higher levels in @entity1263 and these include genes involved in cell proliferation and genes implicated in tumour @entity3 . In addition, a gene expression signature indicating @entity876 inactivation is seen in the majority of @entity1263 . Subsequent microRNA profiling of benign and malignant PNSTs indicated a relative down-regulation of @entity7762 in most @entity1263 compared to @entity3292 . In vitro studies using the cell lines @entity808 -14 ( @entity1265 mutant) and @entity808 -724 (from a non- @entity1265 individual) show that exogenous expression of @entity876 or @entity7762 promotes apoptotic cell death. In addition, exogenous expression of @entity876 in @entity808 cells induces @entity7762 and other miRNAs. Our data show that @entity876 inactivation and subsequent loss of expression of @entity7762 may significantly contribute to the @entity808 development. Collectively, our findings suggest that deregulation of miRNAs has a potential role in the malignant transformation process in @entity1263 .

title: Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal XXXX inactivation mediated loss of @entity7762 expression in malignant @entity1263 .

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours', 'MPNSTs', 'peripheral nerve sheath tumours']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive soft tissue tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation from neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type 1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity1263 ( @entity1263 ) are @entity8650 that occur either sporadically or in @entity1 with @entity1264 . The malignant transformation of the benign neurofibroma to @entity808 is incompletely understood at the molecular level. We have determined the gene expression signature for benign and malignant PNSTs and found that the major trend in @entity5 to @entity808 consists of the loss of expression of a large number of genes, rather than widespread increase in gene expression. Relatively few genes are expressed at higher levels in @entity1263 and these include genes involved in cell proliferation and genes implicated in tumour @entity3 . In addition, a gene expression signature indicating @entity876 inactivation is seen in the majority of @entity1263 . Subsequent microRNA profiling of benign and malignant PNSTs indicated a relative down-regulation of @entity7762 in most @entity1263 compared to @entity3292 . In vitro studies using the cell lines @entity808 -14 ( @entity1265 mutant) and @entity808 -724 (from a non- @entity1265 individual) show that exogenous expression of @entity876 or @entity7762 promotes apoptotic cell death. In addition, exogenous expression of @entity876 in @entity808 cells induces @entity7762 and other miRNAs. Our data show that @entity876 inactivation and subsequent loss of expression of @entity7762 may significantly contribute to the @entity808 development. Collectively, our findings suggest that deregulation of miRNAs has a potential role in the malignant transformation process in @entity1263 .

title: Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal @entity876 inactivation mediated loss of @entity7762 expression in malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity1263 :: (MESH:D010524,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumours']


abstract: @entity1263 ( @entity1263 ) are @entity8650 that occur either sporadically or in @entity1 with @entity1264 . The malignant transformation of the benign neurofibroma to @entity808 is incompletely understood at the molecular level. We have determined the gene expression signature for benign and malignant PNSTs and found that the major trend in @entity5 to @entity808 consists of the loss of expression of a large number of genes, rather than widespread increase in gene expression. Relatively few genes are expressed at higher levels in @entity1263 and these include genes involved in cell proliferation and genes implicated in tumour @entity3 . In addition, a gene expression signature indicating @entity876 inactivation is seen in the majority of @entity1263 . Subsequent microRNA profiling of benign and malignant PNSTs indicated a relative down-regulation of @entity7762 in most @entity1263 compared to @entity3292 . In vitro studies using the cell lines @entity808 -14 ( @entity1265 mutant) and @entity808 -724 (from a non- @entity1265 individual) show that exogenous expression of @entity876 or @entity7762 promotes apoptotic cell death. In addition, exogenous expression of @entity876 in @entity808 cells induces @entity7762 and other miRNAs. Our data show that @entity876 inactivation and subsequent loss of expression of @entity7762 may significantly contribute to the @entity808 development. Collectively, our findings suggest that deregulation of miRNAs has a potential role in the malignant transformation process in @entity1263 .

title: Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal @entity876 inactivation mediated loss of XXXX expression in malignant @entity1263 .

answer: @entity7762 :: (407040,Gene) :: ['miR-34a']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of distinct signaling cascades, many of which act upon the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Using a series of redox-engineered cell lines we have previously demonstrated that @entity3334 expression is sensitive to the alterations in the steady state production of @entity274 (Ranganathan, A. C., Nelson, K. K., Rodriguez, A. M., Kim, K. H., Tower, G. B., Rutter, J. L., Brinckerhoff, C. E., Epstein, C. J., Huang, T. T., Jeffrey, J. J., and Melendez, J. A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 14264-14270). In the present study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the @entity274 -mediated induction of @entity3334 . Mutational analysis of an @entity3334 promoter indicates that both the single nucleotide polymorphism creating an Ets binding site at -1607 and a proximal AP-1 site at -1602 are required for maximal @entity274 -dependent transcription. The redox-sensitive @entity3334 protein expression requires activation of both @entity1366 and @entity4675 pathways. Importantly, @entity4675 signaling is largely responsible for the @entity274 sensitivity of the @entity3334 promoter, whereas @entity1366 contributes to both its basal and @entity274 @entity734 . @entity274 control of @entity12136 expression was @entity1366 -dependent whereas that of @entity1178 requires both @entity1366 and @entity4675 signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that binding of the histone acetyltransferase, @entity3493 , and the transcription factors @entity12136 and @entity1178 to the @entity3334 promoter is redox sensitive. The redox sensitivity of @entity3334 expression is also associated with an increase in the abundance of oxidatively inactivated protein- @entity669 phosphatases. Targeted cytosolic or mitochondrial scavenging of @entity274 prevented all of the aforementioned signals. These studies provide substantial insight into the mechanisms underlying the redox-dependent control of @entity3334 and may lead to the development of novel targeted antioxidant-based inhibitory therapies for controlling @entity3334 expression during degenerative disease processes.

title: Redox-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression is regulated by XXXX through Ets and AP-1 promoter motifs.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity4675 :: (5599,Gene) :: ['JNK']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection and local staging of transition zone @entity263 , with pathologic analysis serving as the reference standard, and to assess MR imaging features of these @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study and waived the informed consent requirement. An institutional database of 986 @entity1 who underwent MR imaging before radical prostatectomy yielded 148 consecutive @entity1 with at least one transition zone @entity5 at step-section pathologic analysis. An additional 46 @entity1 without transition zone @entity5 were randomly selected as a control group. Two readers independently reviewed MR studies to identify @entity1 with transition zone @entity5 and determine the location and local extent of these @entity5 . Imaging features that helped in the identification of transition zone @entity5 were recorded. Descriptive and kappa statistics, as well as receiver operating characteristic and multivariate logistic regression analyses, were used. RESULTS: For identification of @entity1 with transition zone @entity5 , sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 87%, respectively, for reader 1 and 80% and 78%, respectively, for reader 2. Interreader agreement was fair. For detection of the location of transition zone @entity5 , the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75 for reader 1 and 0.73 for reader 2. Interreader agreement was fair. The readers' accuracy in detecting transition zone @entity5 foci increased significantly (P=.001) as @entity5 volume increased. In the detection of extraprostatic extension of transition zone @entity5 , sensitivity and specificity were 56% and 94%, respectively, for reader 1 and 28% and 93%, respectively, for reader 2. Homogeneous low T2 signal intensity (P=.001 for reader 1, P<.001 for reader 2) and lenticular shape (P=.017 for reader 1) were significantly associated with the presence of transition zone @entity5 . CONCLUSION: MR imaging can be used to detect, localize, and stage transition zone @entity263 .

title: XXXX : features, detection, localization, and staging at endorectal MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Transition zone prostate cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity29565 might cause not only cosmetic problems but also be a reason of discomfort and @entity158 . In case of inefficient conservative treatment symptomatic accessory naviculars are treated surgically. AIM OF PAPER: Presentation of results of simple excision of symptomatic @entity29565 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material consists of 22 @entity1 (34 feet), 17 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , treated surgically between 1992 and 2006. Mean age at surgery was 14.1 years (9-22 years). @entity29565 was present in 5 feet (14.7%), type II in 17 (50%) and type III-in 12 (35.3%). Main symptom was localized @entity158 on the medial arch of the foot, in the height of navicular bone. Surgery consisted of simple @entity29565 excision and if needed partial resection of navicular bone. The mean follow-up period was 5.6 years (1-13 years). We analyzed: intensity of @entity158 (VAS score system), daily and sport activity. Subjective results were analyzed using a questionnaire. RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned from 21 @entity1 : 9 @entity1 had @entity158 relief, 11 considerable and one @entity1 had persistent @entity158 . Mean VAS results before surgery was 5.9 and 1.7 after surgery. Only one @entity1 required analgesics occasionally. Complications were present in two @entity1 (6.1%). All active @entity1 returned to their sport activities. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of symptomatic @entity29565 by simple excision technique gives satisfying results, surgery is minimally traumatic and risk of complications low.

title: Results of simple excision technique in the surgical treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity29565 :: ('MESH:C536002', 'Disease') :: ['Accessory navicular type I', 'accessory navicular', 'Accessory navicular bones']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'total pain']

answer: @entity29565 :: (MESH:C536002,Disease) :: ['accessory navicular bones']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity978 is a distinct primary @entity5 of the immune system that shows wide variation in incidence among different geographic regions and among various races. It was previously suggested that susceptible @entity1 living in certain parts of Israel had a higher risk of @entity1733 because of exposure to unidentified environmental factors in these regions. Compared with other parts of Israel, these regions were characterized by a higher proportion of Israeli-born Jews. OBJECTIVES: To study time trends in the incidence rate of @entity1733 in Israeli-born Jews of all age groups during the years 1960-2005. RESULTS: A total of 4812 Jewish cases of @entity1733 were reported to the Israel Cancer Registry during the study period 1960-2005. There has been a persistent increase in the age-standardized incidence rate of @entity1733 , all subtypes pooled, in Israeli-born Jews in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The age distribution pattern in both genders was bimodal in all periods. The highest incidence was observed in the 20-24 year age group: for @entity1 (9.13 per 100,000 per year) during the period 1988-1996, and for @entity1 (6.60 per 100,000 per year) during the period 1997-2005. CONCLUSIONS: The reported incidence level of @entity1733 in Israeli-born young adult Jews in Israel has increased in recent years to high levels compared with other western countries. Our findings suggest a cohort effect to unidentified factors affecting Israeli-born young adult Jews in Israel.

title: A sharp rise in the incidence of XXXX in young adults in Israel.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']