abstract: RATIONALE: @entity407 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) severely impair adaptive vascular growth responses in ischemic muscles. This is largely attributed to dysregulated gene expression, although details of the changes are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To define the role of promoter methylation in adaptive vascular growth in @entity407 ( @entity1748 (-/-)ApoB(100/100)) and @entity6 ( @entity10247 / @entity1748 (-/-)ApoB(100/100)) @entity19 models of hindlimb @entity63 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Unilateral hindlimb @entity63 was induced by ligating femoral artery. Perfusion was assessed using ultrasound, and capillary and arteriole parameters were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Genome-wide methylated DNA sequencing was performed with DNA isolated from ischemic muscle, tissue macrophages (M  s), and endothelial cells. Compared with the controls, @entity407 and @entity6 @entity19 showed impaired perfusion recovery, which was associated with @entity73 and arteriogenesis. Genome-wide proximal promoter DNA methylation analysis suggested differential patterns of methylation in M   genes in ischemic muscles. Classically activated M1-M   gene promoters, including Cfb, @entity59072 , and @entity29799 , were significantly hypomethylated, whereas alternatively activated M2-M   gene promoters, including @entity21028 , @entity9843 , @entity73128 , @entity23233 , @entity73129 , and Fes, were significantly hypermethylated in M  s isolated from @entity407 and @entity6 ischemic muscles compared with controls. These results combined with mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry showed the predominance of proinflammatory M1-M  s, compared with anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic M2-M  s in @entity407 and @entity6 ischemic muscles. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant promoter hypomethylation of genes typical for proinflammatory M1-M  s and hypermethylation of anti-inflammatory, proangiogenic M2-M   genes in @entity407 and @entity6 ischemic muscles. Epigenetic alterations modify M   phenotype toward proinflammatory M1 as opposed to anti-inflammatory, proangiogenic, and tissue repair M2 phenotype, which may contribute to the impaired adaptive vascular growth under these pathological conditions.

title: Differential Promoter Methylation of Macrophage Genes Is Associated With Impaired Vascular Growth in Ischemic Muscles of Hyperlipidemic and Type 2 Diabetic XXXX : Genome-Wide Promoter Methylation Study.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired angiogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Five different @entity1 @entity1358 were disaggregated with three combinations of enzymes. Significant @entity5 heterogeneity in response to the enzyme disaggregation was observed. A combination of collagenase (0.5 mg/ml) and trypsin (0.25%) was then used for routine disaggregation of 11 additional @entity5 . The viability of cells in suspension ranged between 63 and 98% with a mean viability of 83.2 +/- 10.7% (S.D.). The mean yield of total viable cells per g of tissue was 17.4 +/- 14.2 x 10(6). @entity5 cells were further fractionated in isopyknic and isokinetic gradients. After isokinetic sedimentation, significant heterogeneity among @entity5 was seen, but lymphocytes were consistently located in Fraction 7 +/- 2, whereas @entity5 cells were predominantly in Fraction 22 +/- 1. Malignant epithelial cells were enriched to a 85.8 +/- 9.4% (range, 69.5 to 92.5%) purity by isokinetic gradient centrifugation. Lymphocytes could be successfully separated from @entity5 cells using an isopyknic gradient. Controlled rate freezing of cells provided material for repeated experiments while short-term tissue culture prior to cell separation increased the proportion of viable cells in the suspension. Disaggregation of @entity1 @entity1358 and separation of malignant cells from @entity5 lymphocytes provides the foundation for characterizing these @entity5 biochemically and for analyzing hormonal responsiveness and the immunological characteristics of these @entity5 in vitro.

title: Tissue disaggregation of @entity1 XXXX with further isopyknic and isokinetic gradient purification.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Five different @entity1 @entity1358 were disaggregated with three combinations of enzymes. Significant @entity5 heterogeneity in response to the enzyme disaggregation was observed. A combination of collagenase (0.5 mg/ml) and trypsin (0.25%) was then used for routine disaggregation of 11 additional @entity5 . The viability of cells in suspension ranged between 63 and 98% with a mean viability of 83.2 +/- 10.7% (S.D.). The mean yield of total viable cells per g of tissue was 17.4 +/- 14.2 x 10(6). @entity5 cells were further fractionated in isopyknic and isokinetic gradients. After isokinetic sedimentation, significant heterogeneity among @entity5 was seen, but lymphocytes were consistently located in Fraction 7 +/- 2, whereas @entity5 cells were predominantly in Fraction 22 +/- 1. Malignant epithelial cells were enriched to a 85.8 +/- 9.4% (range, 69.5 to 92.5%) purity by isokinetic gradient centrifugation. Lymphocytes could be successfully separated from @entity5 cells using an isopyknic gradient. Controlled rate freezing of cells provided material for repeated experiments while short-term tissue culture prior to cell separation increased the proportion of viable cells in the suspension. Disaggregation of @entity1 @entity1358 and separation of malignant cells from @entity5 lymphocytes provides the foundation for characterizing these @entity5 biochemically and for analyzing hormonal responsiveness and the immunological characteristics of these @entity5 in vitro.

title: Tissue disaggregation of XXXX @entity1358 with further isopyknic and isokinetic gradient purification.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fifty-five @entity1 with 72 @entity439 of the iliac vessels were evaluated retrospectively during a 12-year period (1972 to 1985). @entity731 was found in all @entity439 . Marked male predominance (5:1) and advanced age (mean 74.6 years) characterized this population group. Two thirds of them harbored multiple @entity439 and @entity439 were found primarily to involve the internal iliac artery (12 of 18 @entity1 ). Although symptomatic presentation varied with anatomic location and presence of @entity397 , most @entity1 were either asymptomatic (45%) or had such nonspecific complaints (11%) that diagnosis was often delayed or erroneous. A mass detected during abdominal, rectal, or vaginal examination was found in 39 @entity1 (70%). @entity439 size ranged from 2.5 to 18 cm (mean 5.5 cm) for the entire group. Internal @entity1029 tended to be larger (7.7 cm) yet demonstrated no increased risk of @entity397 , which was encountered in 33% of @entity1 . Elective operative management was undertaken in 26 @entity1 with a mortality rate of 11%. When repair had to be performed as an emergency procedure mortality increased to 33%. @entity439 , resection, or endoaneurysmorrhaphy coupled with graft interposition when necessary did not seem to influence @entity1 survival. Eleven @entity1 treated nonoperatively demonstrated enlargement in three, @entity397 in one, and progressive @entity1695 in one @entity1 . @entity1029 demonstrate expansile growth with @entity455 and therefore should be managed aggressively under elective circumstances.

title: Natural history and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['eruptive and erosive complications']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'isolated aneurysms', 'Aneurysm', 'Aneurysm ligation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['Iliac aneurysms', 'iliac aneurysms']

answer: @entity1029 :: (MESH:D017543,Disease) :: ['iliac aneurysms']


abstract: The clinical presentation, radiological investigations and surgical management of 11 @entity1 with @entity438 (greater than 2.5 cm) have been reviewed. Most @entity1 had signs and symptomd @entity548 . The most helpful plain film finding was intracranial calcification. This varied from a mere fleck to the classical curvilinear variety. Computerised tomography (CT) scans were available on all 11 @entity1 . All showed a space-occupying lesion of high density. Two types of enhancement were seen following intravenous contrast medium, (a) homogeneous and (b) rim enhancement with or without a patchy increase in density centrally. The CT appearances in some of the cases resembled those shown by other lesions such as @entity5 . Arteriography in almost all cases demonstrated the @entity439 but often under-estimated its size. On two occasions the @entity439 did not fill and the nature of the lesion demonstrated on the plain CT remained unconfirmed. Direct surgical attack rather than carotid ligation was the operation of choice. Most @entity1 responded very well to this treatment.

title: XXXX : diagnosis with special reference to computerised tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Giant intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Spectral analysis of continuous wave (CW) Doppler signals is used for the diagnosis of @entity2998 . Previous clinical and in vitro studies have documented that the peak Doppler frequency is increased in recordings made directly over a @entity850 and that spectral broadening is observed beyond a @entity850 in the region of disturbed flow. However, certain hemodynamic and technical factors can effect the Doppler spectrum and in particular cause spectral broadening although they are not related to the severity of the @entity2791 . In this in vitro study, Doppler spectra were quantified by (1) measurements of the peak, mean and mode frequencies, and (2) measurements that quantify changes in the shape of the spectra and thus can potentially detect the presence of spectral broadening. The latter measurements included the spectral broadening index (SBI), coefficient of variation (CV), coefficient of skewedness (CS), and coefficient of kurtosis (CK). Using straight tubes without a bifurcation in a steady flow model, we found that the peak frequency and the extent of spectral broadening were dependent upon the severity of the @entity850 , the relation of the recording site to the @entity850 or bulb, and the flow rate. Comparison of the severity of Doppler spectral broadening from bulb and @entity850 recordings allowed us to conclude that any observed changes in spectral broadening measurements are probably due to a significant @entity850 and not to the presence of a normal bulb. If the tube is not completely insonated by the CW Doppler beam, an error of between 4 and 35% can be read in the spectral broadening measurements. The peak frequency, mean frequency, and SBI are not altered significantly by the automatic gain control or dynamic range and noise level settings usually chosen by the spectrum analyzer. Because of the variability of individual Doppler spectra, one should be cautious about deriving quantitative data from one individual spectrum. The results of quantitative analysis of the amplitude spectrum are different from the power spectrum. In conclusion, this in vitro study identified several hemodynamic and technical factors that affect the CW Doppler spectrum; however, in the clinical setting, their influence on quantitative measurements of the extent of spectral broadening likely can be minimized by a skilled technologist who uses a standardized technique.

title: Factors affecting the continuous wave Doppler spectrum for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid arterial disease']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid arterial disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of @entity1638 (GA) compared to other @entity15 ( @entity15 ) therapies in routine clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational cohort study carried out in @entity15 @entity1 treated with GA (GA cohort) or other @entity15 therapies -switched from GA- (non-GA cohort). Study data were obtained through review of our @entity15 @entity1 database. The primary endpoint was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores reached at the end of treatment/last check-up. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 were included: GA cohort n  =  120, non-GA cohort n  =  60. @entity1 in the GA cohort showed better EDSS scores at the end of treatment/last check-up (mean      SD, 2.8      1.8 vs. 3.9      2.2; P  =  0.001) and were 1.65 times more likely to show better EDSS scores compared to the non-GA cohort (odds ratio, 0.606; 95%CI, 0.436-0.843; P  =  0.003). @entity1 in the GA cohort showed longer mean time to reach EDSS scores of 6 (209.1 [95%CI, 187.6-230.6] vs. 164.3 [95%CI, 137.0-191.6] months; P  =  0.004) and slower disability progression (hazard ratio, 0.415 [95%CI, 0.286-0.603]; P  <  0.001). The annualized relapse rate was lower in the GA cohort (mean      SD, 0.5      0.5 vs. 0.8      0.5; P  =  0.001) and @entity1 ' quality of life was improved in this study cohort compared to the non-GA cohort (mean      SD, 0.7      0.1 vs. 0.6      0.2; P  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: GA may slow down the progression of EDSS scores to a greater extent than other @entity15 therapies, as well as achieving a greater reduction in relapses and a greater improvement in @entity1 ' quality of life. Switching from GA to other @entity15 therapies has not proved to entail a better response to treatment.

title: Effectiveness of @entity1638 compared to other XXXX therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of @entity1638 (GA) compared to other @entity15 ( @entity15 ) therapies in routine clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational cohort study carried out in @entity15 @entity1 treated with GA (GA cohort) or other @entity15 therapies -switched from GA- (non-GA cohort). Study data were obtained through review of our @entity15 @entity1 database. The primary endpoint was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores reached at the end of treatment/last check-up. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 were included: GA cohort n  =  120, non-GA cohort n  =  60. @entity1 in the GA cohort showed better EDSS scores at the end of treatment/last check-up (mean      SD, 2.8      1.8 vs. 3.9      2.2; P  =  0.001) and were 1.65 times more likely to show better EDSS scores compared to the non-GA cohort (odds ratio, 0.606; 95%CI, 0.436-0.843; P  =  0.003). @entity1 in the GA cohort showed longer mean time to reach EDSS scores of 6 (209.1 [95%CI, 187.6-230.6] vs. 164.3 [95%CI, 137.0-191.6] months; P  =  0.004) and slower disability progression (hazard ratio, 0.415 [95%CI, 0.286-0.603]; P  <  0.001). The annualized relapse rate was lower in the GA cohort (mean      SD, 0.5      0.5 vs. 0.8      0.5; P  =  0.001) and @entity1 ' quality of life was improved in this study cohort compared to the non-GA cohort (mean      SD, 0.7      0.1 vs. 0.6      0.2; P  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: GA may slow down the progression of EDSS scores to a greater extent than other @entity15 therapies, as well as achieving a greater reduction in relapses and a greater improvement in @entity1 ' quality of life. Switching from GA to other @entity15 therapies has not proved to entail a better response to treatment.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX compared to other @entity15 therapies.

answer: @entity1638 :: (MESH:C089995,Chemical) :: ['glatiramer acetate']


abstract: Between 1983 and 1986, a multicenter randomized study was conducted to compare a sequential program of induction chemotherapy (CT) followed by radiotherapy (RT), Arm A, with an alternation of 4 cycles of CT with 3 courses of RT (20 Gy/10 fractions up to a total dose of 60 Gy), Arm B, in advanced @entity135 @entity1 . The same CT (VBM: @entity5713 , @entity1732 , @entity1499 ) was used on both arms; one hundred and sixteen @entity1 (pts) entered the study, 55 in Arm A, 61 in Arm B. Fourty-five pts had stage III and 71 stage IV @entity5 . The two arms are fully comparable. Up to October 1987, 116 pts are evaluable for survival, while 112 are evaluable for @entity137 and 105 for response. In 21 @entity1 (10 in Arm A, 11 in B) the association CT-RT was followed by surgery. Response analysis shows 14 complete responses in Arm A and 30 in Arm B (p less than or equal to 0.03). The median disease-free survival and median overall survival are also statistically different, with an advantage for Arm B (33 vs 22 weeks, p less than or equal to 0.0007, and 59 vs 38 weeks, p less than 0.03 respectively). The actuarial overall survival of complete responders at 50 months is 43% (B) and 21% (A). @entity137 (mainly stage III-IV @entity33 ) is superior in Arm B (30% vs 4%). Our experience demonstrates the advantages of alternate over sequential CT-RT. A comparison of this cyclic association with RT alone is in progress.

title: [Sequential or alternate chemo-radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced XXXX . Results of a randomized study].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinblastine']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: Fifty adult male subjects with moderate to heavy @entity7289 from the Liberian rain forest were selected for a double-blind placebo-controlled chemotherapy study. The effects of high doses of @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) - 30 mg/kg/d - over one week preceded by a one week initial treatment with normal oral doses of @entity6567 or @entity6567 lotion were compared with a single dose of @entity3070 (150 micrograms/kg) and placebo. During the initial treatment @entity6567 tablets or lotion caused distinctly more frequent and severe reactions than did invermectin. The reactions to @entity3070 did not differ from those of the placebo @entity1 . High doses of @entity6567 caused, in about half of the @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity390 or @entity391 . @entity6567 markedly increased the number of corneal microfilariae and of corneal opacities compared to @entity3070 . All changes resolved with a return to pretreatment findings two months after treatment. The three treatment groups showed no differences at the ten months follow-up. In all treated @entity1 skin microfilaria counts fell almost to zero by the end of the two week therapy. In the @entity3070 group microfilaria counts remained significantly lower than in the @entity6567 @entity1 at the two and ten months examinations. In summary, @entity3070 was much better tolerated than @entity6567 and had a longer lasting effect on the microfilariae in the skin. Since high doses of @entity6567 were less effective and caused more frequent and severe side effects, this approach cannot be recommended for treatment of @entity7289 .

title: Chemotherapy of @entity7289 with high doses of XXXX or a single dose of @entity3070 : microfilaria levels and side effects.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity6566 :: (MESH:D004049,Chemical) :: ['diethylcarbamazine']


abstract: Fifty adult male subjects with moderate to heavy @entity7289 from the Liberian rain forest were selected for a double-blind placebo-controlled chemotherapy study. The effects of high doses of @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) - 30 mg/kg/d - over one week preceded by a one week initial treatment with normal oral doses of @entity6567 or @entity6567 lotion were compared with a single dose of @entity3070 (150 micrograms/kg) and placebo. During the initial treatment @entity6567 tablets or lotion caused distinctly more frequent and severe reactions than did invermectin. The reactions to @entity3070 did not differ from those of the placebo @entity1 . High doses of @entity6567 caused, in about half of the @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity390 or @entity391 . @entity6567 markedly increased the number of corneal microfilariae and of corneal opacities compared to @entity3070 . All changes resolved with a return to pretreatment findings two months after treatment. The three treatment groups showed no differences at the ten months follow-up. In all treated @entity1 skin microfilaria counts fell almost to zero by the end of the two week therapy. In the @entity3070 group microfilaria counts remained significantly lower than in the @entity6567 @entity1 at the two and ten months examinations. In summary, @entity3070 was much better tolerated than @entity6567 and had a longer lasting effect on the microfilariae in the skin. Since high doses of @entity6567 were less effective and caused more frequent and severe side effects, this approach cannot be recommended for treatment of @entity7289 .

title: Chemotherapy of @entity7289 with high doses of @entity6566 or a single dose of XXXX : microfilaria levels and side effects.

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: Fifty adult male subjects with moderate to heavy @entity7289 from the Liberian rain forest were selected for a double-blind placebo-controlled chemotherapy study. The effects of high doses of @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) - 30 mg/kg/d - over one week preceded by a one week initial treatment with normal oral doses of @entity6567 or @entity6567 lotion were compared with a single dose of @entity3070 (150 micrograms/kg) and placebo. During the initial treatment @entity6567 tablets or lotion caused distinctly more frequent and severe reactions than did invermectin. The reactions to @entity3070 did not differ from those of the placebo @entity1 . High doses of @entity6567 caused, in about half of the @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity390 or @entity391 . @entity6567 markedly increased the number of corneal microfilariae and of corneal opacities compared to @entity3070 . All changes resolved with a return to pretreatment findings two months after treatment. The three treatment groups showed no differences at the ten months follow-up. In all treated @entity1 skin microfilaria counts fell almost to zero by the end of the two week therapy. In the @entity3070 group microfilaria counts remained significantly lower than in the @entity6567 @entity1 at the two and ten months examinations. In summary, @entity3070 was much better tolerated than @entity6567 and had a longer lasting effect on the microfilariae in the skin. Since high doses of @entity6567 were less effective and caused more frequent and severe side effects, this approach cannot be recommended for treatment of @entity7289 .

title: Chemotherapy of XXXX with high doses of @entity6566 or a single dose of @entity3070 : microfilaria levels and side effects.

answer: @entity7289 :: (MESH:D009855,Disease) :: ['onchocerciasis']


abstract: In soleus muscles of @entity35 treated for 2 to 11 days with high doses of @entity503 or @entity8970 , muscle fibres showed autophagocytosis followed by segmental @entity1159 and @entity39 . @entity528 , "splitting", and internal nuclei were absent. At variance with findings in progressive @entity3986 , the incidence of intramembrane particles was unchanged and membrane defects in @entity39 fibres were absent. Autophagic vacuoles were formed by cup-shaped cisternae derived from tubules that often enclosed single mitochondria. Golgi complexes occurred in the centre of the fibres; dilated vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum contained an electrondense substance, possibly lysosomal enzymes. Exocytosis of autophagic vacuoles and of almost undigested mitochondria was observed. The changes in the plasma membrane were as in other cells: a bulge was formed that was cleared of intramembrane particles; the membrane fused with the limiting membrane of the autophagic vacuole, the content of which was expelled through an orifice. Inside autophagic vacuoles, persisting phospholipids arranged themselves into protein-free lipid bilayers, that formed concentric membranes or single-layered vesicles. Both drugs are known to inhibit degradation of phospholipids; the findings indicate that the rate of autophagocytosis and exocytosis were enhanced as well. Fibre @entity39 was probably due to the fact that fibres eventually became unable to maintain their integrity.

title: The early changes in experimental myopathy induced by XXXX and @entity8970 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity8970 :: ('MESH:D002745', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorphentermine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Vascuolar degeneration']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: In soleus muscles of @entity35 treated for 2 to 11 days with high doses of @entity503 or @entity8970 , muscle fibres showed autophagocytosis followed by segmental @entity1159 and @entity39 . @entity528 , "splitting", and internal nuclei were absent. At variance with findings in progressive @entity3986 , the incidence of intramembrane particles was unchanged and membrane defects in @entity39 fibres were absent. Autophagic vacuoles were formed by cup-shaped cisternae derived from tubules that often enclosed single mitochondria. Golgi complexes occurred in the centre of the fibres; dilated vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum contained an electrondense substance, possibly lysosomal enzymes. Exocytosis of autophagic vacuoles and of almost undigested mitochondria was observed. The changes in the plasma membrane were as in other cells: a bulge was formed that was cleared of intramembrane particles; the membrane fused with the limiting membrane of the autophagic vacuole, the content of which was expelled through an orifice. Inside autophagic vacuoles, persisting phospholipids arranged themselves into protein-free lipid bilayers, that formed concentric membranes or single-layered vesicles. Both drugs are known to inhibit degradation of phospholipids; the findings indicate that the rate of autophagocytosis and exocytosis were enhanced as well. Fibre @entity39 was probably due to the fact that fibres eventually became unable to maintain their integrity.

title: The early changes in experimental myopathy induced by @entity503 and XXXX .

answer: @entity8970 :: (MESH:D002745,Chemical) :: ['chlorphentermine']


abstract: Experiments were designed to study effects of 3 days of fasting on blood plasma levels, metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and effects of @entity1063 (NE) and @entity1425 (E) on levels of @entity413 , nonesterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in 12 steers. During fasting, levels of E, NE and protein did not change, whereas IRI, T3 and @entity413 decreased and @entity3691 , @entity4323 and @entity4322 increased. Before and at the end of fasting, NE or E were iv infused for 120 min. NE and E were elevated after 15 min and to the end of the infusion. The increase in E, but not in NE, was significantly greater after 3 days of fasting than before fasting (P less than 0.05). MCR for E was lower after fasting (299 +/- 17 vs 204 +/- 10 ml.kg-0.75. @entity1009 ; P less than 0.001), whereas MCR for NE was not significantly different (455 +/- 37 vs 400 +/- 27 ml.kg-0.75. @entity1009 ). MCR was higher for NE than for E, both before and after fasting (P less than 0.05). After the infusion, E and NE decreased within minutes to pre-infusion concentrations. During E infusions, @entity3691 increased significantly more, whereas @entity413 increased less in fasted than in fed animals. During NE infusions, @entity3691 increased in fasted, but not in fed animals, and @entity413 increased less at the end than before fasting. IRI decreased during E infusions only in fed animals, and transiently increased after the infusion, except after NE infusion in fasted steers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of fasting on blood plasma levels, metabolism and metabolic effects of @entity1425 and XXXX in steers.

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: Experiments were designed to study effects of 3 days of fasting on blood plasma levels, metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and effects of @entity1063 (NE) and @entity1425 (E) on levels of @entity413 , nonesterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in 12 steers. During fasting, levels of E, NE and protein did not change, whereas IRI, T3 and @entity413 decreased and @entity3691 , @entity4323 and @entity4322 increased. Before and at the end of fasting, NE or E were iv infused for 120 min. NE and E were elevated after 15 min and to the end of the infusion. The increase in E, but not in NE, was significantly greater after 3 days of fasting than before fasting (P less than 0.05). MCR for E was lower after fasting (299 +/- 17 vs 204 +/- 10 ml.kg-0.75. @entity1009 ; P less than 0.001), whereas MCR for NE was not significantly different (455 +/- 37 vs 400 +/- 27 ml.kg-0.75. @entity1009 ). MCR was higher for NE than for E, both before and after fasting (P less than 0.05). After the infusion, E and NE decreased within minutes to pre-infusion concentrations. During E infusions, @entity3691 increased significantly more, whereas @entity413 increased less in fasted than in fed animals. During NE infusions, @entity3691 increased in fasted, but not in fed animals, and @entity413 increased less at the end than before fasting. IRI decreased during E infusions only in fed animals, and transiently increased after the infusion, except after NE infusion in fasted steers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of fasting on blood plasma levels, metabolism and metabolic effects of XXXX and @entity1063 in steers.

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: @entity808 are rare @entity5 . They are usually asymptomatic, and often become quite large before they are discovered. A case is reported of a 75-year-old @entity1 with complaints of @entity6191 and @entity158 . Intravenous pyelography showed left renal nonfunctional and retrograde pyelography revealed the stenosis of the left ureter. The ultrasonogram demonstrated a @entity3928 , and it was diagnosed as a @entity5 with central @entity39 by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The @entity5 was removed with the left nonfunctioning kidney and ureter. The @entity5 was 3 x 3 x 4 cm, and the histological diagnosis was @entity808 (Antoni A + B type). There was a tight fibrous adhesion between the @entity5 and the left ureter, and the @entity5 was concluded to have originated from the adventitia of ureter. To date, 120 benign cases have been reported in Japan. They are reviewed and discussed.

title: [A case of XXXX causing ureteral obstruction: report of a case].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurilemmoma', 'Retroperitoneal neurilemmomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left lumbar pain']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['general malaise']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['paraureteral neurilemmoma']


abstract: The endoscopic approach for @entity253 in @entity1 with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy (SAGA) had been generally deemed impractical. However, it was radically made feasible by the introduction of double balloon endoscopy (DBE) that was originally developed for diagnosis and treatments for @entity29 . Followed by the subsequent development of @entity661 ( @entity661 ) and @entity4649 ( @entity4649 ), interventions using several endoscopes for @entity253 in @entity1 with SAGA widely gained an acceptance as a new modality. Many studies have been made on this new technique. Yet, some problems are to be solved. For instance, the mutual unavailability among devices due to different working lengths and channels, and unestablished standardization of procedural techniques can be raised. Additionally, in an attempt to standardize endoscopic procedures, it is important to evaluate biliary cannulating methods by case with existence of papilla or not. A full comprehension of the features of respective scope types is also required. However there are not many papers written as a review. In our manuscript, we would like to evaluate and make a review of the present status of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography applying DBE, @entity661 and @entity4649 for @entity253 in @entity1 with SAGA for establishment of these modalities as a new technology and further improvement of the scopes and devices.

title: Review of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using several endoscopic methods in XXXX with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary diseases', 'biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['single-balloon endoscopy', 'SBE']

entities_list: @entity4649 :: ('MESH:C563535', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spiral endoscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence of @entity5 is sharply increasing. @entity5 is a leading cause of @entity204 as well as a significant burden on society. The incidence of @entity5 has shown a higher than average increase and will become an important concern in the future. Therefore, an overall and accurate understanding of the incidence of @entity5 is essential. In this study, which was based on the Korea National @entity5 Incidence Database, annual incident cases, age-standardized incidence rates, @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ), and distribution by age group were examined in kidney, @entity263 , respectively. From 1999 to 2011, the total number of each type of @entity5 was as follows: @entity703 (32,600 cases, 25.5%), @entity150 (37,950 cases, 29.7%), and @entity263 (57,332 cases, 44.8%). The age-standardized incidence rates of @entity263 showed a significant increase with an @entity1987 of 12.3% in males. @entity703 gradually increased with an @entity1987 of 6.0% for both sexes and became the second most frequent @entity5 after 2008. @entity150 showed no significant change with an @entity1987 of -0.2% for both sexes and has decreased slightly since 2007. The distribution of @entity703 according to age showed two peaks in the 50- to 54-year-old and 65- to 69-year-old age groups. @entity263 occurred mostly in the 70- to 74-year-old age group. The proportions of male to female were 2.5:1 in @entity703 and 5.6:1 in @entity150 . We have summarized the incidence trends of kidney, @entity263 and have provided useful information for screening and management of these @entity5 in the future.

title: Incidence of kidney, XXXX in Korea: An update.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['bladder, and prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'Bladder and prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['annual percentage change', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'urological cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer', 'Kidney cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['bladder, and prostate cancers']


abstract: @entity32 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity6 , and @entity195 . @entity1 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity519 in high @entity413 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity519 in high @entity413 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity495 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity495 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity310 and @entity1356 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity310 with soluble receptor and @entity1356 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity519 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity519 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity23656 ( @entity23656 ) hemichannels by @entity855 and @entity2227 released through astroglial @entity495 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity143 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity2359 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity855 and @entity2227 converge in activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity528 in various pathological states including @entity195 , @entity6 and @entity63 .

title: @entity855 and XXXX released via astroglial @entity495 hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of @entity23656 hemichannels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: @entity32 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity6 , and @entity195 . @entity1 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity519 in high @entity413 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity519 in high @entity413 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity495 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity495 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity310 and @entity1356 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity310 with soluble receptor and @entity1356 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity519 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity519 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity23656 ( @entity23656 ) hemichannels by @entity855 and @entity2227 released through astroglial @entity495 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity143 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity2359 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity855 and @entity2227 converge in activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity528 in various pathological states including @entity195 , @entity6 and @entity63 .

title: @entity855 and @entity2227 released via astroglial XXXX hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of @entity23656 hemichannels.

answer: @entity495 :: (2697,Gene) :: ['connexin 43']


abstract: @entity32 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity6 , and @entity195 . @entity1 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity519 in high @entity413 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity519 in high @entity413 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity495 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity495 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity310 and @entity1356 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity310 with soluble receptor and @entity1356 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity519 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity519 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity23656 ( @entity23656 ) hemichannels by @entity855 and @entity2227 released through astroglial @entity495 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity143 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity2359 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity855 and @entity2227 converge in activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity528 in various pathological states including @entity195 , @entity6 and @entity63 .

title: XXXX and @entity2227 released via astroglial @entity495 hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of @entity23656 hemichannels.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: @entity32 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity6 , and @entity195 . @entity1 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity519 in high @entity413 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity519 in high @entity413 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity495 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity495 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity310 and @entity1356 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity310 with soluble receptor and @entity1356 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity519 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity519 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity23656 ( @entity23656 ) hemichannels by @entity855 and @entity2227 released through astroglial @entity495 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity143 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity2359 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity855 and @entity2227 converge in activation of neuronal @entity23656 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity528 in various pathological states including @entity195 , @entity6 and @entity63 .

title: @entity855 and @entity2227 released via astroglial @entity495 hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of XXXX hemichannels.

answer: @entity23656 :: (24145,Gene) :: ['pannexin 1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. @entity148 is an important cause of acute blood pressure (BP) elevation. However, the role of anxiolysis in this situation is still controversial. In this study, the relationship of @entity148 with BP and the effect of anxiolytic treatment on BP were investigated. METHODS. @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with an initial systolic BP (SBP) >=  160 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) >=  100 mmHg but no end organ damage were approached for inclusion in the study. In those consenting to participate, @entity148 levels were measured using the State-Trait @entity148 Index (STAI) and Visual Analog Scale for @entity148 (VAS-A). @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity1401 0.5 mg or @entity3371 25 mg. BP and @entity148 levels were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 h after administration of the study medication. RESULTS. Of 133 @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria, 53 @entity1 agreed to participate. Of these, 27 @entity1 (50.9%) received @entity3371 and 26 @entity1 (49.1%) received @entity1401 . The majority of the @entity1 had a high-level trait (96.2%, n = 51) and state @entity148 (81.1%, n = 43). The mean SBP and VAS-A values of both @entity1 groups dropped significantly over the 2 h, with no significant difference between the two groups. A significant association between SBP and VAS-A scores was found (F((2,50)) = 6.27, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: A significant association exists between the level of BP and @entity148 in hypertensive @entity341 @entity1 . @entity1401 is as effective as @entity3371 in lowering BP in @entity341 @entity1 with an initial SBP > 160 mmHg.

title: Comparison of XXXX versus @entity3371 in high blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['Alprazolam', 'alprazolam']

answer: @entity1401 :: (MESH:D000525,Chemical) :: ['alprazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. @entity148 is an important cause of acute blood pressure (BP) elevation. However, the role of anxiolysis in this situation is still controversial. In this study, the relationship of @entity148 with BP and the effect of anxiolytic treatment on BP were investigated. METHODS. @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with an initial systolic BP (SBP) >=  160 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) >=  100 mmHg but no end organ damage were approached for inclusion in the study. In those consenting to participate, @entity148 levels were measured using the State-Trait @entity148 Index (STAI) and Visual Analog Scale for @entity148 (VAS-A). @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity1401 0.5 mg or @entity3371 25 mg. BP and @entity148 levels were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 h after administration of the study medication. RESULTS. Of 133 @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria, 53 @entity1 agreed to participate. Of these, 27 @entity1 (50.9%) received @entity3371 and 26 @entity1 (49.1%) received @entity1401 . The majority of the @entity1 had a high-level trait (96.2%, n = 51) and state @entity148 (81.1%, n = 43). The mean SBP and VAS-A values of both @entity1 groups dropped significantly over the 2 h, with no significant difference between the two groups. A significant association between SBP and VAS-A scores was found (F((2,50)) = 6.27, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: A significant association exists between the level of BP and @entity148 in hypertensive @entity341 @entity1 . @entity1401 is as effective as @entity3371 in lowering BP in @entity341 @entity1 with an initial SBP > 160 mmHg.

title: Comparison of @entity1401 versus XXXX in high blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: With the steady increase in life expectancy, invasive @entity5 is now becoming more prominent among gynecologic @entity5 . Early, careful examinations and informed @entity1 can aid in early diagnosis. @entity189 in situ, verified by biopsy, is best treated with wide local excision. Invasive @entity189 should be treated with radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin node dissection. The major source of morbidity is wound breakdown. The use of modified incision techniques and sartorius muscle transplantation have significantly decreased these @entity260 . The clinical staging system for @entity189 is approved by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). The disease usually spreads systematically from the vulva to superficial groin nodes, to deep groin nodes, and then to pelvic nodes. Survival rates of 84% for stage I disease can be achieved. Evidence of positive groin nodes indicates a poor prognosis. However, even @entity1 with @entity1442 can be surgically cured by radical surgery. Five of ten @entity1 (50%) with stage IV disease were @entity66 at five years with exenterative surgery. Any @entity1 who is a reasonable medical risk, with a @entity6068 that is resectable, should be treated surgically. Otherwise, the @entity1 not only die, but they die in abject misery.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive and free of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the vulva', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar lesion']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vulvar carcinoma']


abstract: Claudins play an important role in tumor @entity3 and in invasiveness of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). We have evaluated the relationship between @entity14 and expression of the claudin genes in Chinese @entity1 with @entity14 . We measured @entity3670 and @entity17291 mRNA using quantitative PCR, and protein levels with immunohistochemistry in @entity5 tissues and adjacent normal tissue. @entity5 tissues had significantly higher levels of @entity3670 , and significantly lower levels of @entity14187 , @entity17290 , and @entity17291 than did normal tissue. @entity14187 , @entity17290 , and @entity17291 expression levels were higher in @entity14 of the protruded type than in @entity14 of the infiltrative type. Expression of @entity17291 correlated with lymph node @entity3 . Stage N0 @entity5 tissues had higher levels of @entity17291 than did stages N1 and N2, suggesting that @entity17291 expression was closely related to the extent of lymph node @entity3 . @entity3670 protein was upregulated, but @entity17291 protein was downregulated in @entity5 tissues when compared with expression in adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, @entity14187 , @entity17290 , and @entity17291 were significantly downregulated, whereas @entity3670 was significantly upregulated in @entity14 . The altered expression of claudin genes may play a role in the initiation and development of @entity14 .

title: Dysregulation of Claudin family genes in XXXX in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The presence of several glycoconjugates in colonic mucosa of @entity1 with @entity29 was assessed through indirect immunofluorescent staining using a collection of 23 monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity1 @entity694 (anti-HCM MAbs). Intensity and distribution of staining by three anti-HCM MAbs were significantly altered in mucosa from @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) (n = 14) when compared with normal tissue (n = 15) and with tissue from @entity1 with @entity30 as well as other @entity32 (n = 15). Staining by anti-HCM MAb 17, which binds to colonic mucin glycoprotein species IV and V, was absent or diminished in 86% of samples from @entity1 with active @entity31 in contrast to 14% of normal and disease control specimens. Reduction in anti-HCM MAb 17 staining was less marked in mucosal biopsy specimens from @entity1 with @entity31 lacking acute inflammatory activity (n = 8). In contrast to the apparent loss of the MAb 17-defined epitopes, staining with anti-HCM MAbs 10 and 22 was enhanced in @entity31 tissue compared with normal and disease controls. Increased staining with MAb 10 was present in 93% of samples from @entity31 @entity1 demonstrating active @entity32 . Increased MAb 10 staining was not apparent in noninvolved mucosa from @entity31 @entity1 , indicating that increased expression of the specified epitope is related to the acute inflammatory process. In contrast, indirect immunofluorescent staining with MAb 22 was apparent in both involved (78%) and uninvolved (67%) @entity31 mucosa in contrast to normal and disease controls (less than 12%). In addition, staining with several other anti-HCM MAbs (MAbs 3, 11, 15) was modestly and variably diminished (14%-28%) in @entity31 , @entity30 , and other @entity32 . These findings demonstrate the presence of alterations in mucosal content of specific glycoconjugate structures in association with @entity31 . Inflammatory processes may also result in broad changes in glycoconjugate determinants generally.

title: Alterations in mucosal content of colonic glycoconjugates in XXXX defined by monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucin glycoproteins']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a major health problem for @entity1 around the world. Although advances in the field of molecular therapy have been achieved, the successful therapeutic management of @entity0 , particularly metastatic disease, remains a challenge for @entity1 and clinicians. One of the areas of current investigation is the circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs), which have a determinant role in the development of distant @entity3 . At the present, many of the available treatment strategies for metastatic disease are of limited benefit. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of @entity5 progression and @entity3 may help to identify key molecules/components that may function as therapeutic targets in the future. In the present study, the functional analysis of CTCs revealed their ability to grow and proliferate to form colonies. Immunofluorescence staining of the CTCs' colonies exhibits elevated expression of cell growth and survival associated proteins such as, survivin, @entity3963 and @entity584 . More importantly, the functional screening of the chemokine profile in @entity0 @entity1 ' sera revealed an HR-independent elevation of the chemokine @entity371 when compared to healthy controls. The analysis of chemokines @entity373 and @entity372 demonstrated an HR-dependent production pattern. The levels of both @entity373 and @entity372 were markedly high in HR+ @entity1 ' sera when compared to HR- @entity1 and healthy controls. The functional analysis of HR+ and HR- @entity0 derived cell lines when cultivated in media supplemented with @entity1 ' sera demonstrated the alteration of @entity5 progression and @entity3 related proteins. We noted the induction of survivin, @entity3546 , @entity14520 , @entity7952 , @entity436 and @entity3334 both at the protein and mRNA levels. The induction of those proteins was in keeping with @entity1 ' sera induced cell proliferation as measured by the @entity98 assay. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the role of chemokines, especially @entity371 , in @entity0 progression and @entity3 via the induction of signaling pathways, which mainly involve survivin, @entity3546 , @entity14520 and @entity3334 .

title: Hormone receptor-independent @entity371 production is associated with the regulation of cellular factors linked to XXXX progression and @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a major health problem for @entity1 around the world. Although advances in the field of molecular therapy have been achieved, the successful therapeutic management of @entity0 , particularly metastatic disease, remains a challenge for @entity1 and clinicians. One of the areas of current investigation is the circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs), which have a determinant role in the development of distant @entity3 . At the present, many of the available treatment strategies for metastatic disease are of limited benefit. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of @entity5 progression and @entity3 may help to identify key molecules/components that may function as therapeutic targets in the future. In the present study, the functional analysis of CTCs revealed their ability to grow and proliferate to form colonies. Immunofluorescence staining of the CTCs' colonies exhibits elevated expression of cell growth and survival associated proteins such as, survivin, @entity3963 and @entity584 . More importantly, the functional screening of the chemokine profile in @entity0 @entity1 ' sera revealed an HR-independent elevation of the chemokine @entity371 when compared to healthy controls. The analysis of chemokines @entity373 and @entity372 demonstrated an HR-dependent production pattern. The levels of both @entity373 and @entity372 were markedly high in HR+ @entity1 ' sera when compared to HR- @entity1 and healthy controls. The functional analysis of HR+ and HR- @entity0 derived cell lines when cultivated in media supplemented with @entity1 ' sera demonstrated the alteration of @entity5 progression and @entity3 related proteins. We noted the induction of survivin, @entity3546 , @entity14520 , @entity7952 , @entity436 and @entity3334 both at the protein and mRNA levels. The induction of those proteins was in keeping with @entity1 ' sera induced cell proliferation as measured by the @entity98 assay. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the role of chemokines, especially @entity371 , in @entity0 progression and @entity3 via the induction of signaling pathways, which mainly involve survivin, @entity3546 , @entity14520 and @entity3334 .

title: Hormone receptor-independent XXXX production is associated with the regulation of cellular factors linked to @entity0 progression and @entity3 .

answer: @entity371 :: (3627,Gene) :: ['CXCL10']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a major health problem for @entity1 around the world. Although advances in the field of molecular therapy have been achieved, the successful therapeutic management of @entity0 , particularly metastatic disease, remains a challenge for @entity1 and clinicians. One of the areas of current investigation is the circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs), which have a determinant role in the development of distant @entity3 . At the present, many of the available treatment strategies for metastatic disease are of limited benefit. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of @entity5 progression and @entity3 may help to identify key molecules/components that may function as therapeutic targets in the future. In the present study, the functional analysis of CTCs revealed their ability to grow and proliferate to form colonies. Immunofluorescence staining of the CTCs' colonies exhibits elevated expression of cell growth and survival associated proteins such as, survivin, @entity3963 and @entity584 . More importantly, the functional screening of the chemokine profile in @entity0 @entity1 ' sera revealed an HR-independent elevation of the chemokine @entity371 when compared to healthy controls. The analysis of chemokines @entity373 and @entity372 demonstrated an HR-dependent production pattern. The levels of both @entity373 and @entity372 were markedly high in HR+ @entity1 ' sera when compared to HR- @entity1 and healthy controls. The functional analysis of HR+ and HR- @entity0 derived cell lines when cultivated in media supplemented with @entity1 ' sera demonstrated the alteration of @entity5 progression and @entity3 related proteins. We noted the induction of survivin, @entity3546 , @entity14520 , @entity7952 , @entity436 and @entity3334 both at the protein and mRNA levels. The induction of those proteins was in keeping with @entity1 ' sera induced cell proliferation as measured by the @entity98 assay. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the role of chemokines, especially @entity371 , in @entity0 progression and @entity3 via the induction of signaling pathways, which mainly involve survivin, @entity3546 , @entity14520 and @entity3334 .

title: Hormone receptor-independent @entity371 production is associated with the regulation of cellular factors linked to @entity0 progression and XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications with IV @entity1 -controlled analgesia include programming errors, invasive access, and @entity73 . This study evaluated an investigational @entity681 sublingual tablet system (SSTS) for the management of @entity158 after knee or hip arthroplasty. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, parallel-arm, double-blind study randomized postoperative @entity1 at 34   U.S. sites to receive SSTS 15  g (n = 315) or an identical placebo system (n = 104) and @entity158 scores were recorded for up to 72   h. Adult @entity1 with American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1 to 3 after primary total unilateral knee or hip replacement under general anesthesia or with spinal anesthesia that did not include intrathecal opioids were eligible. @entity1 were excluded if they were opioid tolerant. The primary endpoint was the time-weighted summed @entity158 intensity difference to baseline over 48   h. Secondary endpoints included total @entity158 relief, @entity1 and healthcare professional global assessments, and @entity1 and nurse ease-of-care questionnaires. RESULTS: Summed @entity158 intensity difference (standard error) was higher (better) in the SSTS group compared with placebo (76 [7] vs. -11 [11], difference 88 [95% CI, 66 to 109]; P < 0.001). In the SSTS group, more @entity1 and nurses responded "good" or "excellent" on the global assessments compared with placebo (P < 0.001). @entity1 and nurse ease-of-care ratings for the system were high in both groups. There was a higher incidence of @entity390 and @entity111 in the SSTS group. CONCLUSION: SSTS could be an effective @entity1 -controlled @entity158 management modality in @entity1 after major orthopedic surgery and is easy to use by both @entity1 and healthcare professionals.

title: XXXX Sublingual Tablet System for the Management of Postoperative Pain after Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of mobility']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['Sufentanil']


abstract: Six @entity1 with severe @entity712 were treated with @entity1854 intravenously. Four of the six @entity1 showed salutary responses and were successfully weaned from the NP with marked resolution of symptoms. No adverse side effects were observed. These four @entity1 and one additional @entity1 (who did not receive NP) were treated with @entity3159 by mouth in addition to digoxin and diuretics daily. Two of these @entity1 are entirely symptom free, and additional @entity1 is moderately improved, and the fourth @entity1 has shown minimal symptomatic improvement. Despite the severity of their pretherapy symptoms, only one @entity1 has died while receiving oral vasodilator therapy. This preliminary study suggests that afterload reduction may be life-saving in @entity1 who are virtually moribund because of @entity712 . This improvement can be maintained with oral vasodilator therapy and continuation of classic anticongestive therapy. However, afterload reduction has no effect on the underlying disease. Confirmatory studies are essential before this experimental mode of therapy is accepted for routine use in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Vasodilator therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The detrimental effects of T-cell-secreted @entity3692 (IFNy) on @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity17 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) are well recognized. Recently, we demonstrated that IFNy-mediated damage to myelin also increases susceptibility to @entity308 ( @entity308 ; the likely basis of @entity2795 ). However, before onset of @entity15 , induction of physiological levels of IFNy, like that produced by environmental enrichment (EE), protects against @entity17 and @entity66 . Accordingly, we focused on the potential for physiological levels of IFNy to protect against @entity308 . EE, which occurs with a moderate and phasic increase in proinflammatory cytokines, reduces @entity2704 frequency. Thus, we applied phasic or pulsed IFNy to brain slice cultures to emulate EE. This treatment reduced @entity66 , increased @entity8382 , a marker for myelin, and reduced susceptibility to @entity308 . Building on our research on exosomes in EE-based neuroprotection, we found that IFNy stimulation of slice cultures induced release of exosomes, likely from the microglia that produce the same protective effects as IFNy treatment when applied to naive cultures. Finally, nasal administration of IFNy to @entity35 recapitulated in vitro effects, reducing @entity66 , increasing myelin, and reducing @entity308 . These results support phasic IFNy signaling as a therapeutic target for prevention of @entity308 and, by extension, @entity2704 .

title: Phasic Treatment with XXXX Stimulates Release of Exosomes that Protect Against Spreading Depression.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'spreading depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity3692 :: (25712(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Interferon Gamma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented at our hospital with a @entity10 , @entity73 , and @entity221 that had persisted for 3 months. On admission, @entity221 , @entity10 , and mild @entity73 were all clearly evident, suggesting chronic @entity5422 . Laboratory examination showed mild @entity4795 as well as an increase in her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity1851 levels. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image showed the abnormal pial enhancement along the cerebral sulci. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity5 were all negative. Her @entity221 and @entity16 continued. As a result of worsening MRI findings, a brain biopsy was carried out. Neuropathological analysis revealed neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and multinucleated giant cells. However, there was no @entity1333 on the histological sections. This pathological finding was reminiscent of @entity693 despite articular findings of @entity309 , as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibody tests being negative. After oral @entity479 therapy, her @entity221 and inflammatory reactions by laboratory test diminished and her cognitive function improved remarkably.

title: XXXX responsive chronic @entity5422 reminiscent of @entity693 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented at our hospital with a @entity10 , @entity73 , and @entity221 that had persisted for 3 months. On admission, @entity221 , @entity10 , and mild @entity73 were all clearly evident, suggesting chronic @entity5422 . Laboratory examination showed mild @entity4795 as well as an increase in her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity1851 levels. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image showed the abnormal pial enhancement along the cerebral sulci. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity5 were all negative. Her @entity221 and @entity16 continued. As a result of worsening MRI findings, a brain biopsy was carried out. Neuropathological analysis revealed neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and multinucleated giant cells. However, there was no @entity1333 on the histological sections. This pathological finding was reminiscent of @entity693 despite articular findings of @entity309 , as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibody tests being negative. After oral @entity479 therapy, her @entity221 and inflammatory reactions by laboratory test diminished and her cognitive function improved remarkably.

title: @entity479 responsive chronic @entity5422 reminiscent of XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid meningitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented at our hospital with a @entity10 , @entity73 , and @entity221 that had persisted for 3 months. On admission, @entity221 , @entity10 , and mild @entity73 were all clearly evident, suggesting chronic @entity5422 . Laboratory examination showed mild @entity4795 as well as an increase in her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity1851 levels. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image showed the abnormal pial enhancement along the cerebral sulci. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity5 were all negative. Her @entity221 and @entity16 continued. As a result of worsening MRI findings, a brain biopsy was carried out. Neuropathological analysis revealed neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and multinucleated giant cells. However, there was no @entity1333 on the histological sections. This pathological finding was reminiscent of @entity693 despite articular findings of @entity309 , as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibody tests being negative. After oral @entity479 therapy, her @entity221 and inflammatory reactions by laboratory test diminished and her cognitive function improved remarkably.

title: @entity479 responsive chronic XXXX reminiscent of @entity693 : a case report.

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['meningoencephalitis']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity1 were operated upon for suspected @entity1317 following penetrating wounds of the groin. This injury is not uncommon, the @entity1 survive to reach the hospital, and they require aggressive management. @entity1504 was found in 23 of the @entity1 ; there were no deaths and only one amputation. Eighteen of the 23 who had @entity130 were in shock upon arrival at the hospital. Of those subsequently found to have no vessel damage, none was in shock. Pulses distal to the injury were noted in six of the 23 @entity1 . Arteriograms performed and interpreted by the surgery residents were helpful but not completely reliable. The repaired vessel must be covered adequately with viable tissue. The one amputation was in a @entity1 in whom there was insufficient tissue to cover the repaired vessel. We conclude that general surgeons should be capable of managing this @entity1317 .

title: XXXX associated with penetrating wounds of the groin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vessel injury']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular damage']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Vascular injuries']


abstract: After a total mastectomy in cases of a high risk of loco-regional recurrence the postoperative irradiation of the chest wall is indicated in the following situations: @entity189 , @entity5 stage T3-T4, extended multifocal and multicentric @entity5 . After radical axillary surgery even in @entity1 with positive nodes irradiation is not necessary except in cases where all axillary nodes are involved or with invasion of the axillary tissue. The supra- and infraclavicular lymph drainage regions caudal to the operated area (clip) should be irradiated with 50 Gy providing both an enlarged or subtotal involvement can be diagnosed. The irradiation of the retrosternal lymph-drainage system with 45-50 Gy is indicated as follows: Medial or central @entity5 site, extensive involvement of the axillary nodes and advanced stages of the @entity5 (T2-T4). Axillary irradiation alone cannot serve as a substitute for surgery. After segmental mastectomy without postoperative radiotherapy a local failure rate of 30% is to be expected during a 5 year period. After surgery with adjuvant postoperative irradiation the local failure rate can be reduced to about 5%: 50-60 Gy should be applied. In case of an unfavourable histology an additional boost dose is recommended. The objective of @entity0 irradiation is to achieve freedom of loco-regional recurrence. The survival can be improved occasionally after local irradiation, theoretically improvement of survival can be achieved in 7-10% at the most.

title: [Current status of radiotherapy following ablative and breast-sparing treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory type of carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transhepatic portal vein (PV) stenting has been shown to be one of the most important treatments for @entity1 with @entity6315 caused by @entity5 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity6315 caused by the recurrence of a perihilar @entity5 underwent transhepatic PV stenting. A self-expandable metallic stent was deployed at the @entity850 site. The @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the procedure, complications, and survival after the stent placement. RESULTS: The median interval between the primary resection and the PV stenting was 22   months. The initial hepatic resection was a left trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy in seven @entity1 , a left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in one @entity1 , a right anterior sectionectomy with caudate lobectomy following a left hepatectomy in one @entity1 and a partial liver resection in one @entity1 . The angle of the PV around the @entity850 was greater in the @entity1 with @entity6315 located in the right posterior PV. Eight @entity1 with successful PV stent placement were able to receive anticancer treatment, with a median survival of 14   months. The remaining two @entity1 without successful PV stent placement survived less than 6   months. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein stenting might offer relief from the symptoms associated with PV @entity101 and the opportunity for sustainable anticancer therapy in @entity1 with recurrent perihilar @entity5 .

title: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting for malignant XXXX secondary to recurrent perihilar @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopancreatobiliary malignancy', 'biliary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['PV stenosis']

answer: @entity6315 :: (MESH:C563407,Disease) :: ['portal vein stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transhepatic portal vein (PV) stenting has been shown to be one of the most important treatments for @entity1 with @entity6315 caused by @entity5 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity6315 caused by the recurrence of a perihilar @entity5 underwent transhepatic PV stenting. A self-expandable metallic stent was deployed at the @entity850 site. The @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the procedure, complications, and survival after the stent placement. RESULTS: The median interval between the primary resection and the PV stenting was 22   months. The initial hepatic resection was a left trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy in seven @entity1 , a left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in one @entity1 , a right anterior sectionectomy with caudate lobectomy following a left hepatectomy in one @entity1 and a partial liver resection in one @entity1 . The angle of the PV around the @entity850 was greater in the @entity1 with @entity6315 located in the right posterior PV. Eight @entity1 with successful PV stent placement were able to receive anticancer treatment, with a median survival of 14   months. The remaining two @entity1 without successful PV stent placement survived less than 6   months. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein stenting might offer relief from the symptoms associated with PV @entity101 and the opportunity for sustainable anticancer therapy in @entity1 with recurrent perihilar @entity5 .

title: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting for malignant @entity6315 secondary to recurrent perihilar XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The advent of the biological therapies has led health expenditure in dermatology units. This study aims to evaluate, in our regular clinical practice, the patterns of use of etanercept and its influence on efficacy and safety outcomes, as well as the real costs associated with continuous and intermittent treatment regimens. METHODS: Observational, retrospective, non-interventionist, and multicenter study to analyze the experience of the treatment with etanercept in the management of moderate-to-severe @entity1569 , given according to the daily clinical practice of the Dermatology Departments of the Complejo Hospitalario de Ja  n and the Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc  o (Seville). RESULTS: 83.3% (n   =   45) of the 54 @entity1 included in our study received the continuous regimen of Etanercept, whereas 16.7% (n   =   9) were given the intermittent regimen. 94.4% (n   =   51) of the @entity1 studied began the Etanercept treatment at a dose of 50   mg/week. The mean @entity1 /year cost of the study population is    11   298.80 (95%CI    10   551.40-   12   046.20). Breaking down the first and the second year of treatment by regimen, in the continuous regimen the mean cost would be    12   294.15 and    12   327.05 in the first and the second year, respectively, and    10   302.07 and    4986.51 in the intermittent regimen. DISCUSSION: Etanercept is a biologic that had demonstrated its versatility over the years and permits the individualization of treatment in our @entity1 , thus having a direct impact on drug-related costs. This is well demonstrated in our series, where 94.4% of our @entity1 begin with the dose of 50   mg/d. Our study yields relatively higher figures in @entity1 on continuous therapy, with 77.1% of them maintaining PASI75 at week 24. CONCLUSIONS: We present our experience in regular clinical practice with etanercept, showing it to be an effective, safe, and versatile drug that permits @entity1 -tailored treatment, delivering a frankly satisfactory control of our @entity1569 @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and cost of etanercept in long-term XXXX : Rational use in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: An immunohistochemical study on neurofilaments (NF) in the central and peripheral nervous systems of @entity35 after repeated treatment with @entity3323 was done by the avidin- @entity1885 complex method using monoclonal anti-neurofilaments antibodies (68, 160 and 200 kD). @entity35 were given @entity3323 (50 ml/kg) i.p. every day for 8 days. In the cerebrum, NF in perikarya of large nerve cells were weakly stained with all antibodies in both control and treated @entity35 , with no differences between the 2 groups. In the cerebellum, NF of the Purkinje cells were slightly stained with all 3 antibodies. In the treated @entity35 , a marked accumulation of NF in the distal part of the basket cell fibers was detected by 68 kD. In the molecular layer, some parallel fibers were also stained by 68 kD in the treated animals. In the spinal cord, all NF were stained, the staining being clearer in the lower part of the cord in the treated @entity35 . In the peripheral nerve of the treated @entity35 , many axons were segmentally swollen along the entire length of the nerve, especially, in the distal region. In muscle preparations of the treated @entity35 , some neuro-muscular junctions stained with 68 kD were also visible.

title: Immunochemical studies of XXXX -associated neuropathology.

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

answer: @entity3323 :: (MESH:D020106,Chemical) :: ['acrylamide']


abstract: The long-term efficacy of @entity8633 as once-a-day monotherapy was studied in 19 @entity1 with stable @entity951 . After 2 weeks of single-blind placebo therapy and a 12-week parallel placebo-controlled, dose-response study, each @entity1 received open-label @entity8633 . After a dose-titration period of 3 months, @entity1 received @entity8633 (100 to 400 mg once a day, mean 290 mg) for 24 months. The response to treatment was assessed by @entity1 diaries and serial treadmill exercise testing 24 hours after dose administration, every 3 months. Only 2 @entity1 were released from the study due to therapeutic failure. Compared with placebo, 3 months of @entity8633 therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the weekly frequency of angina from 10.3 +/- 9.1 to 1.8 +/- 3.5 (p less than 0.002) and @entity1242 consumption from 5.0 +/- 5.4 to 1.4 +/- 2.3 (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a simultaneous significant increase in the walking time to angina from 5.2 +/- 2.3 to 7.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p less than 0.001) and total exercise time from 7.1 +/- 2.2 to 8.8 +/- 1.9 minutes (p less than 0.001). These favorable effects were sustained throughout the 24 months of the study. Although resting QTc interval was prolonged by 36 to 42 ms (p less than 0.001) during @entity8633 therapy, @entity943 were not observed immediately before or during exercise testing and were not manifested by symptoms. Neurologic and gastrointestinal side effects of mild to moderate severity were observed, but none required discontinuation of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term XXXX monotherapy for @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity8633 :: ('MESH:D015764', 'Chemical') :: ['bepridil']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity8633 :: (MESH:D015764,Chemical) :: ['bepridil']


abstract: The long-term efficacy of @entity8633 as once-a-day monotherapy was studied in 19 @entity1 with stable @entity951 . After 2 weeks of single-blind placebo therapy and a 12-week parallel placebo-controlled, dose-response study, each @entity1 received open-label @entity8633 . After a dose-titration period of 3 months, @entity1 received @entity8633 (100 to 400 mg once a day, mean 290 mg) for 24 months. The response to treatment was assessed by @entity1 diaries and serial treadmill exercise testing 24 hours after dose administration, every 3 months. Only 2 @entity1 were released from the study due to therapeutic failure. Compared with placebo, 3 months of @entity8633 therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the weekly frequency of angina from 10.3 +/- 9.1 to 1.8 +/- 3.5 (p less than 0.002) and @entity1242 consumption from 5.0 +/- 5.4 to 1.4 +/- 2.3 (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a simultaneous significant increase in the walking time to angina from 5.2 +/- 2.3 to 7.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p less than 0.001) and total exercise time from 7.1 +/- 2.2 to 8.8 +/- 1.9 minutes (p less than 0.001). These favorable effects were sustained throughout the 24 months of the study. Although resting QTc interval was prolonged by 36 to 42 ms (p less than 0.001) during @entity8633 therapy, @entity943 were not observed immediately before or during exercise testing and were not manifested by symptoms. Neurologic and gastrointestinal side effects of mild to moderate severity were observed, but none required discontinuation of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term @entity8633 monotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: Three fatal cases of @entity884 were studied. The first case occurred in an apparently healthy 58-year-old @entity1 , who presented with symptoms of @entity55 . The second case developed in a 75-year-old @entity1 with @entity2220 and @entity472 . In the third @entity1 , an 83-year-old @entity1 , @entity886 with perforations were found at necropsy. A @entity694 was found in the first and third cases. @entity869 , alone or with an @entity4028 , was the antibiotic used. Urgent valve replacement was performed in the first case. @entity5125 was isolated from blood cultures in all three cases. A review of 41 other @entity1 with @entity884 showed a nonspecific clinical picture, but septic complications occurred in one-half of the cases. Thirty-nine @entity1 had at least one predisposing factor, which was underlying @entity299 in 25 cases. The mortality rate was 48%.

title: @entity884 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve vegetations']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['listerial endocarditis']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: Three fatal cases of @entity884 were studied. The first case occurred in an apparently healthy 58-year-old @entity1 , who presented with symptoms of @entity55 . The second case developed in a 75-year-old @entity1 with @entity2220 and @entity472 . In the third @entity1 , an 83-year-old @entity1 , @entity886 with perforations were found at necropsy. A @entity694 was found in the first and third cases. @entity869 , alone or with an @entity4028 , was the antibiotic used. Urgent valve replacement was performed in the first case. @entity5125 was isolated from blood cultures in all three cases. A review of 41 other @entity1 with @entity884 showed a nonspecific clinical picture, but septic complications occurred in one-half of the cases. Thirty-nine @entity1 had at least one predisposing factor, which was underlying @entity299 in 25 cases. The mortality rate was 48%.

title: XXXX due to @entity5125 .

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Fatal endocarditis']


abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4090 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity3216 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1510 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity3216 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4090 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4090 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1510 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity3216 -stimulated @entity4090 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity3216 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4090 after @entity3216 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1510 . Our data show that @entity1510 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4090 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 . This suggests that, in @entity1 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4090 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: XXXX inhibits @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['Naloxone']


abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4090 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity3216 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1510 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity3216 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4090 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4090 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1510 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity3216 -stimulated @entity4090 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity3216 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4090 after @entity3216 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1510 . Our data show that @entity1510 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4090 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 . This suggests that, in @entity1 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4090 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: @entity1510 inhibits @entity3216 -induced XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']