abstract: @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) is a common childhood disease characterised by @entity2172 following infection. Susceptibility to recurrent acute @entity2172 (rAOM) and chronic @entity2172 with effusion (COME) is highly heritable. Two @entity19 mutants, Junbo and Jeff, spontaneously develop severe @entity2172 with similar phenotypes to @entity1 disease. Fine-mapping of these mutants identified two genes ( @entity22213 and @entity39591 ) that interact with the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signalling pathway. We investigated these genes, as well as four @entity11280 (SMAD) genes of the @entity2533 pathway, as candidate rAOM/COME susceptibility genes in two predominantly Caucasian populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within @entity39591 (family-based association testing Z-Score=2.61; P(best)=0.009) were associated with severe @entity2172 in family-based analysis of 434 families (561 affected individuals) from the Western Australian Family Study of @entity2172 . The @entity39591 association was replicated by directed analysis of Illumina 660W-Quad Beadchip data available for 253 cases and 866 controls (OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89); P(best)=6.9   10(-6)) available within the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Combined primary and replication results show P(combined)=2.98   10(-6). Neither cohort showed an association with @entity22213 variants. Family-based associations at @entity2536 (P=0.038) and @entity1594 (P=0.048) were not replicated. Together, these data provide strong evidence for @entity39591 as a susceptibility gene for severe @entity2172 .

title: @entity39591 , a regulator of the @entity2533 pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Factors influencing fetal and childhood growth may affect a @entity1 's risk of developing @entity161 . Associations of size at birth and body size in young adulthood with @entity161 and other nonaffective psychoses were assessed in a cohort of 334,577 Swedish male conscripts born in 1973-1980 for whom linked birth, census, hospital admission, and adult height and weight data were available. Complete data on all study variables were available for 246,655 subjects. Over a mean 3.4-year follow-up beginning at age 18 years, 80 subjects developed @entity161 and 124 developed other nonaffective psychoses. A reverse J-shaped association was found between gestation-adjusted birth weight and @entity161 . The hazard ratios were 7.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.59, 31.10) for males of low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and 3.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.68, 6.74) for those of high birth weight (>4.0 kg). Birth weight was not strongly related to other nonaffective psychoses. Taller males had a reduced risk of @entity716 . The lowest risks were seen for low birth weight males who became tall adults. The associations with birth weight indicate that fetal exposures, including possible effects of gestational @entity6 , are important in the etiology of @entity716 . The role of childhood exposures, as indexed by adult height and body mass index, appears to be less strong.

title: Patterns of fetal and childhood growth and the development of XXXX in young males: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The features of childhood @entity71 ( @entity71 ) are significantly associated with adult @entity1316 . Some genetic factors may be common to both @entity71 and @entity1316 underlie the association between these two phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether a genetic role may be played by the @entity750 transporter-linked polymorphic region ( @entity16068 ) in the childhood @entity71 features of adult @entity1 with @entity1316 . METHODS: The present study included 232 @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ), 154 @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ), and 1,288 normal controls. Childhood @entity71 features were assessed with the Korean version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K). The total score and the scores of three factors ( @entity23 , inattention, and mood instability) from the WURS-K were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with the @entity16068 genotype. RESULTS: In the @entity162 group, the @entity16068 genotype was significantly associated with the total score (p=0.029) and the @entity23 factor (p=0.004) on the WURS-K. However, the inattention and mood instability factors were not associated with the @entity16068 genotype. @entity162 , @entity308 and normal control groups did not exhibit any significant associations between the WURS-K scores and the @entity16068 genotype. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the @entity16068 genotype may play a role in the @entity23 component of childhood @entity71 in @entity1 with @entity162 . Because of a small sample size and a single candidate gene, further studies investigating other candidate genes using a larger sample are warranted to determine any common genetic links.

title: Association between the XXXX Genotype and Childhood Characteristics in @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BPD type II', 'bipolar disorder', 'BPD', 'BPD type I']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity16068 :: (6532,Gene) :: ['5-HTTLPR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The features of childhood @entity71 ( @entity71 ) are significantly associated with adult @entity1316 . Some genetic factors may be common to both @entity71 and @entity1316 underlie the association between these two phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether a genetic role may be played by the @entity750 transporter-linked polymorphic region ( @entity16068 ) in the childhood @entity71 features of adult @entity1 with @entity1316 . METHODS: The present study included 232 @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ), 154 @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ), and 1,288 normal controls. Childhood @entity71 features were assessed with the Korean version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K). The total score and the scores of three factors ( @entity23 , inattention, and mood instability) from the WURS-K were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with the @entity16068 genotype. RESULTS: In the @entity162 group, the @entity16068 genotype was significantly associated with the total score (p=0.029) and the @entity23 factor (p=0.004) on the WURS-K. However, the inattention and mood instability factors were not associated with the @entity16068 genotype. @entity162 , @entity308 and normal control groups did not exhibit any significant associations between the WURS-K scores and the @entity16068 genotype. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the @entity16068 genotype may play a role in the @entity23 component of childhood @entity71 in @entity1 with @entity162 . Because of a small sample size and a single candidate gene, further studies investigating other candidate genes using a larger sample are warranted to determine any common genetic links.

title: Association between the @entity16068 Genotype and Childhood Characteristics in XXXX .

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['Mood Disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the patterns of failure for @entity1 with @entity2946 receiving a conformal @entity5 bed boost rather than a boost to the entire posterior fossa. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2002, 32 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2946 treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) received a conformal boost to the @entity5 bed in conjunction with craniospinal radiation therapy. Twenty-eight @entity1 also received chemotherapy. The median age was 9 years (range, 3 to 34 years), and the male to female ratio was 3:1. Twenty-seven @entity1 had standard-risk disease, and five @entity1 had high-risk disease. Craniospinal doses ranged from 23.4 to 39.6 Gy, and total @entity5 bed doses ranged from 54 to 59.4 Gy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 56 months, six @entity1 have relapsed; five relapsed outside of the posterior fossa, and one failed within the posterior fossa, outside of the high-dose boost volume. Five-year actuarial disease-free and overall survival rates were 84% and 85%, respectively. Freedom from posterior fossa failure was 100% and 86% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from distant failure was 84% at 5 years, with a trend for improvement when full-dose craniospinal radiation (36 to 39.6 Gy) was used compared with a reduced dose (23.4 Gy) of radiation (100% v 63%, respectively; P =.06). No other predictive variables were identified. CONCLUSION: Conformal treatment to the @entity5 bed allows for significant sparing of critical structures. The posterior fossa failure rate in this series is similar to that reported when the entire posterior fossa is treated. This approach should be investigated further in a phase III trial.

title: Patterns of failure using a conformal radiation therapy @entity5 bed boost for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the patterns of failure for @entity1 with @entity2946 receiving a conformal @entity5 bed boost rather than a boost to the entire posterior fossa. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2002, 32 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2946 treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) received a conformal boost to the @entity5 bed in conjunction with craniospinal radiation therapy. Twenty-eight @entity1 also received chemotherapy. The median age was 9 years (range, 3 to 34 years), and the male to female ratio was 3:1. Twenty-seven @entity1 had standard-risk disease, and five @entity1 had high-risk disease. Craniospinal doses ranged from 23.4 to 39.6 Gy, and total @entity5 bed doses ranged from 54 to 59.4 Gy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 56 months, six @entity1 have relapsed; five relapsed outside of the posterior fossa, and one failed within the posterior fossa, outside of the high-dose boost volume. Five-year actuarial disease-free and overall survival rates were 84% and 85%, respectively. Freedom from posterior fossa failure was 100% and 86% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from distant failure was 84% at 5 years, with a trend for improvement when full-dose craniospinal radiation (36 to 39.6 Gy) was used compared with a reduced dose (23.4 Gy) of radiation (100% v 63%, respectively; P =.06). No other predictive variables were identified. CONCLUSION: Conformal treatment to the @entity5 bed allows for significant sparing of critical structures. The posterior fossa failure rate in this series is similar to that reported when the entire posterior fossa is treated. This approach should be investigated further in a phase III trial.

title: Patterns of failure using a conformal radiation therapy XXXX bed boost for @entity2946 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent @entity416 and @entity901 (XELOX-RT) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with locally advanced (T3/T4) or low-lying @entity5 received preoperative RT (total dose, 50.4 Gy). @entity416 was administered concurrently at 825 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, with @entity901 starting at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 with planned escalation steps of 10 mg/m2. End points of the phase II study included downstaging, histopathologic tumor regression, resectability of @entity66 , and sphincter preservation in @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: Dose-limiting grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 was observed in two of six @entity1 treated with 60 mg/m2 of @entity901 . Thus, 50 mg/m2 was the recommended dose for the phase II study. @entity137 observed at this dose level were generally mild, with only two cases of short-lived grade 3 @entity294 . Myelosuppression, mainly @entity1431 , was restricted to grade 2 in 19% of @entity1 . T-category downstaging was achieved in 17 (55%) of 31 operated @entity1 , and 68% of @entity1 had negative lymph nodes. Pathologic complete response was found in 19% of the resected specimens. Radical surgery with free margins could be performed in 79% of @entity1 with @entity66 , and 36% of @entity1 with @entity5 < or = 2 cm from the dentate line had sphincter-saving surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative XELOX-RT is a feasible and well tolerated treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard @entity1487 -based therapy with XELOX chemoradiotherapy.

title: Phase I/II trial of @entity416 , XXXX , and radiation for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T4 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-lying tumors', 'tumors', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent @entity416 and @entity901 (XELOX-RT) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with locally advanced (T3/T4) or low-lying @entity5 received preoperative RT (total dose, 50.4 Gy). @entity416 was administered concurrently at 825 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, with @entity901 starting at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 with planned escalation steps of 10 mg/m2. End points of the phase II study included downstaging, histopathologic tumor regression, resectability of @entity66 , and sphincter preservation in @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: Dose-limiting grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 was observed in two of six @entity1 treated with 60 mg/m2 of @entity901 . Thus, 50 mg/m2 was the recommended dose for the phase II study. @entity137 observed at this dose level were generally mild, with only two cases of short-lived grade 3 @entity294 . Myelosuppression, mainly @entity1431 , was restricted to grade 2 in 19% of @entity1 . T-category downstaging was achieved in 17 (55%) of 31 operated @entity1 , and 68% of @entity1 had negative lymph nodes. Pathologic complete response was found in 19% of the resected specimens. Radical surgery with free margins could be performed in 79% of @entity1 with @entity66 , and 36% of @entity1 with @entity5 < or = 2 cm from the dentate line had sphincter-saving surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative XELOX-RT is a feasible and well tolerated treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard @entity1487 -based therapy with XELOX chemoradiotherapy.

title: Phase I/II trial of XXXX , @entity901 , and radiation for @entity5 .

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent @entity416 and @entity901 (XELOX-RT) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with locally advanced (T3/T4) or low-lying @entity5 received preoperative RT (total dose, 50.4 Gy). @entity416 was administered concurrently at 825 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, with @entity901 starting at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 with planned escalation steps of 10 mg/m2. End points of the phase II study included downstaging, histopathologic tumor regression, resectability of @entity66 , and sphincter preservation in @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: Dose-limiting grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 was observed in two of six @entity1 treated with 60 mg/m2 of @entity901 . Thus, 50 mg/m2 was the recommended dose for the phase II study. @entity137 observed at this dose level were generally mild, with only two cases of short-lived grade 3 @entity294 . Myelosuppression, mainly @entity1431 , was restricted to grade 2 in 19% of @entity1 . T-category downstaging was achieved in 17 (55%) of 31 operated @entity1 , and 68% of @entity1 had negative lymph nodes. Pathologic complete response was found in 19% of the resected specimens. Radical surgery with free margins could be performed in 79% of @entity1 with @entity66 , and 36% of @entity1 with @entity5 < or = 2 cm from the dentate line had sphincter-saving surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative XELOX-RT is a feasible and well tolerated treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard @entity1487 -based therapy with XELOX chemoradiotherapy.

title: Phase I/II trial of @entity416 , @entity901 , and radiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal @entity404 + T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in @entity1 pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/ @entity1198 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by @entity404 + purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, @entity7992 , and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of @entity4155 , @entity4654 and @entity3646 along with expression of @entity21319 , @entity9235 and @entity16952 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua @entity404 + T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity3646 ) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 ) and Th17/ @entity1198 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity379 ) cells was found in the decidua of @entity7992 . More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that @entity3646 , @entity9388 , @entity4155 , @entity9908 mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/ @entity1198 and @entity1198 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing @entity3646 , @entity4155 and @entity4654 protein and mRNA production of @entity404 + T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced @entity3646 . HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantation.

title: Interleukin-17-producing decidual @entity404 + T cells are not deleterious for @entity1 pregnancy when they also produce XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained recurrent abortion']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal @entity404 + T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in @entity1 pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/ @entity1198 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by @entity404 + purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, @entity7992 , and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of @entity4155 , @entity4654 and @entity3646 along with expression of @entity21319 , @entity9235 and @entity16952 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua @entity404 + T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity3646 ) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 ) and Th17/ @entity1198 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity379 ) cells was found in the decidua of @entity7992 . More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that @entity3646 , @entity9388 , @entity4155 , @entity9908 mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/ @entity1198 and @entity1198 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing @entity3646 , @entity4155 and @entity4654 protein and mRNA production of @entity404 + T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced @entity3646 . HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantation.

title: Interleukin-17-producing decidual XXXX + T cells are not deleterious for @entity1 pregnancy when they also produce @entity3646 .

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal @entity404 + T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in @entity1 pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/ @entity1198 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by @entity404 + purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, @entity7992 , and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of @entity4155 , @entity4654 and @entity3646 along with expression of @entity21319 , @entity9235 and @entity16952 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua @entity404 + T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity3646 ) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 ) and Th17/ @entity1198 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity379 ) cells was found in the decidua of @entity7992 . More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that @entity3646 , @entity9388 , @entity4155 , @entity9908 mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/ @entity1198 and @entity1198 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing @entity3646 , @entity4155 and @entity4654 protein and mRNA production of @entity404 + T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced @entity3646 . HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantation.

title: Interleukin-17-producing decidual @entity404 + T cells are not deleterious for XXXX pregnancy when they also produce @entity3646 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), a volatile liquid used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental pollutant. In 2001, the EPA published a draft risk assessment for @entity4966 that incorporates dosimetry predictions of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The current modeling effort represents an expansion and extensive tissue dosimetry validation of rodent PBPK models for @entity4966 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity4966 in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) @entity35 were characterized (1) during and after inhalation exposure to 50 or 500 ppm @entity4966 , (2) following administration of 8 mg/kg @entity4966 PO, and (3) following intra-arterial injection of 8 mg/kg @entity4966 . Blood and tissues (including liver, kidney, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and brain) were collected at selected time-points from 5 min up to 24 h post initial exposure. The fat compartment was modified to be diffusion-limited to predict the observed slow release of @entity4966 from the fat. The addition of a deep liver compartment was necessary to accurately predict the slower hepatic clearance of @entity4966 for all three exposure routes. Simulations of liver concentrations following gavage of male B6C3F1 @entity19 with 300-2000 mg/kg @entity4966 were also improved with the addition of a deep liver compartment. Liver predictions were calibrated and validated using a cross-validation technique novel to PBPK modeling. Splitting of compartments did not significantly affect predictions of @entity4966 concentrations in the liver, fat, or venous blood. This model expansion and validation increases both the utility and our confidence in the current use of rodent @entity4966 PBPK models in @entity1 health risk assessment.

title: Tissue dosimetry expansion and cross-validation of @entity35 and XXXX physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for @entity4965 .

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), a volatile liquid used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental pollutant. In 2001, the EPA published a draft risk assessment for @entity4966 that incorporates dosimetry predictions of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The current modeling effort represents an expansion and extensive tissue dosimetry validation of rodent PBPK models for @entity4966 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity4966 in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) @entity35 were characterized (1) during and after inhalation exposure to 50 or 500 ppm @entity4966 , (2) following administration of 8 mg/kg @entity4966 PO, and (3) following intra-arterial injection of 8 mg/kg @entity4966 . Blood and tissues (including liver, kidney, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and brain) were collected at selected time-points from 5 min up to 24 h post initial exposure. The fat compartment was modified to be diffusion-limited to predict the observed slow release of @entity4966 from the fat. The addition of a deep liver compartment was necessary to accurately predict the slower hepatic clearance of @entity4966 for all three exposure routes. Simulations of liver concentrations following gavage of male B6C3F1 @entity19 with 300-2000 mg/kg @entity4966 were also improved with the addition of a deep liver compartment. Liver predictions were calibrated and validated using a cross-validation technique novel to PBPK modeling. Splitting of compartments did not significantly affect predictions of @entity4966 concentrations in the liver, fat, or venous blood. This model expansion and validation increases both the utility and our confidence in the current use of rodent @entity4966 PBPK models in @entity1 health risk assessment.

title: Tissue dosimetry expansion and cross-validation of @entity35 and @entity19 physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for XXXX .

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), a volatile liquid used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental pollutant. In 2001, the EPA published a draft risk assessment for @entity4966 that incorporates dosimetry predictions of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The current modeling effort represents an expansion and extensive tissue dosimetry validation of rodent PBPK models for @entity4966 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity4966 in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) @entity35 were characterized (1) during and after inhalation exposure to 50 or 500 ppm @entity4966 , (2) following administration of 8 mg/kg @entity4966 PO, and (3) following intra-arterial injection of 8 mg/kg @entity4966 . Blood and tissues (including liver, kidney, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and brain) were collected at selected time-points from 5 min up to 24 h post initial exposure. The fat compartment was modified to be diffusion-limited to predict the observed slow release of @entity4966 from the fat. The addition of a deep liver compartment was necessary to accurately predict the slower hepatic clearance of @entity4966 for all three exposure routes. Simulations of liver concentrations following gavage of male B6C3F1 @entity19 with 300-2000 mg/kg @entity4966 were also improved with the addition of a deep liver compartment. Liver predictions were calibrated and validated using a cross-validation technique novel to PBPK modeling. Splitting of compartments did not significantly affect predictions of @entity4966 concentrations in the liver, fat, or venous blood. This model expansion and validation increases both the utility and our confidence in the current use of rodent @entity4966 PBPK models in @entity1 health risk assessment.

title: Tissue dosimetry expansion and cross-validation of XXXX and @entity19 physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for @entity4965 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Background and Objective. It is important to guarantee the quality of stem cells. Serial passage is the main approach to expand stem cells. This study evaluated effects of serial passage on the biological characteristics of @entity1 umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ MSCs). Methods. Biological properties of WJ MSCs in the early (less than 10 passages, @entity6585 ), middle (P11-20), and late (more than @entity9289 ) phases including cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, senescence, oncogene expression, stemness marker expression, and differentiation capacity were evaluated using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, immunocytofluorescence, and western blot. Results. It was found that there were no significant differences in cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, and stemness marker expression in different phases. However, the expression of senescence-related gene, @entity3544 , and oncogene, @entity517 , was significantly upregulated in the late phase, which had close relations with the obviously increased cell senescence. Moreover, cardiac differentiation capability of WJ MSCs decreased whereas the propensity for neural differentiation increased significantly in the middle phase. Conclusions. This study reveals that WJ MSCs in the early and middle phases are relatively stable, and effect of serial passage on the lineage-specific differentiation should be considered carefully.

title: Effects of Serial Passage on the Characteristics and Cardiac and Neural Differentiation of XXXX Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Reports that sweet taste calms crying in newborns and is analgesic against the @entity158 caused by a heel lance served as the basis for this study. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, heart rate activity, and @entity1 ' @entity146 were recorded before and after a noninvasive, but noxious, heelstroke (procedure from the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale). In a randomized and controlled trial, 34 newborns were administered 2 mL of water or @entity969 solution before the heelstroke. Frontal EEG asymmetry scores were computed, and power in the 3 to 6 Hz frequency band was analyzed. @entity1 who received water showed increased relative right frontal EEG activation from baseline to the post-heelstroke phase, a pattern that typifies negative affect. The EEG of @entity1 in the @entity969 group did not change. Heart rate increased rapidly in both groups during the heelstroke phase. However, after the heelstroke, the heart rate of @entity1 who received @entity969 returned to baseline, whereas the heart rate of @entity1 who tasted water remained elevated. During the heelstroke, the @entity1 in the water group cried and grimaced twice as long as the @entity1 in the @entity969 group. These findings add to the growing literature showing that @entity969 attenuates newborns' negative response to aversive or noxious stimuli.

title: XXXX attenuates a negative electroencephalographic response to an aversive stimulus for newborns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['facial behaviors']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['Sucrose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of abnormal sharp transients other than @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ), electroencephalograms were used for the diagnosis of @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ). STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 126 electroencephalograms from 93 preterm @entity1 ; 31 @entity1 had @entity5719 , and 62 were control @entity1 . Frontal sharp waves (FS) were defined as sharp transients of positive polarity with an amplitude >100 microV. @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ) were defined as those of negative polarity with an amplitude >150 microV. FS, @entity2406 , or @entity2406 were considered to be present when there were >0.1 per minute. RESULTS: The number of FS per minute was significantly higher in the @entity5719 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4 and 5 to 7. The number of @entity2406 per minute was also significantly higher in the @entity5719 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4, 5 to 7, and 8 to 14. The sensitivity of FS or @entity2406 was relatively high but that of @entity2406 was low. The presence of two or more types of abnormal sharp transients was correlated with a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: FS or @entity2406 may be useful for predicting which @entity1 will have @entity5719 .

title: Abnormal sharp transients on electroencephalograms in preterm @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['PVL', 'periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['positive rolandic sharp waves', 'PRS', 'OS', 'Occipital sharp waves']

answer: @entity5719 :: (MESH:D007969,Disease) :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of abnormal sharp transients other than @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ), electroencephalograms were used for the diagnosis of @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ). STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 126 electroencephalograms from 93 preterm @entity1 ; 31 @entity1 had @entity5719 , and 62 were control @entity1 . Frontal sharp waves (FS) were defined as sharp transients of positive polarity with an amplitude >100 microV. @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ) were defined as those of negative polarity with an amplitude >150 microV. FS, @entity2406 , or @entity2406 were considered to be present when there were >0.1 per minute. RESULTS: The number of FS per minute was significantly higher in the @entity5719 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4 and 5 to 7. The number of @entity2406 per minute was also significantly higher in the @entity5719 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4, 5 to 7, and 8 to 14. The sensitivity of FS or @entity2406 was relatively high but that of @entity2406 was low. The presence of two or more types of abnormal sharp transients was correlated with a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: FS or @entity2406 may be useful for predicting which @entity1 will have @entity5719 .

title: Abnormal sharp transients on electroencephalograms in preterm XXXX with @entity5719 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of body mass composition and cushion type on seat-interface pressure in @entity602 ( @entity602 ) @entity1 and healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty @entity602 @entity1 and control subjects were included and their body mass composition measured. Seat-interface pressure was measured with @entity1 in an upright sitting posture on a wheelchair with three kinds of seat cushion and without a seat cushion. We also measured the pressure with each @entity1 in three kinds of sitting postures on each air-filled cushion. We used repeated measure ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation coefficient for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The total skeletal muscle mass and body water in the lower extremities were significantly higher in the control group, whilst body fat was significantly higher in the @entity602 group. However, the seat-interface pressure and body mass composition were not significantly correlated in both groups. Each of the three types of seat cushion resulted in significant reduction in the seat-interface pressure. The @entity602 group had significantly higher seatinterface pressure than the control group regardless of cushion type or sitting posture. The three kinds of sitting posture did not result in a significant reduction of seat-interface pressure. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the body mass composition does not have a direct effect on seat-interface pressure. However, a reduction of skeletal muscle mass and body water can influence the occurrence of pressure @entity1066 . Furthermore, in order to minimize seat-interface pressure, it is necessary to apply a method fitted to each individual rather than a uniform method.

title: The Effects of Body Mass Composition and Cushion Type on Seat-Interface Pressure in Spinal Cord Injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'spinal cord injured']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In feminising @entity5 , @entity2931 can be either secreted by the @entity5 itself or produced by normal Leydig cells in response to paracrine and/or endocrine stimulation by @entity3566 . @entity5 patterns include: plasma @entity53 levels > 300 pmol/l on day 3 following an @entity3566 injection, reduced plasma @entity251 , and normal plasma @entity3566 and gonadotrophin levels. Except for elevated plasma @entity53 levels, opposite results are observed in @entity4797 . We report a case of @entity2931 -secreting @entity4797 mimicking a @entity5 . A 24-year-old Caucasian @entity1 had complained of gynaecomastia for 6 months before admission. Hormonal pattern was typical of @entity5 . A 1.4 cm @entity5 was found in the left @entity1062 and confirmed on sonography. Considering the likely diagnosis of @entity5 , the @entity1 was treated by tumourectomy. Surprisingly, pathological examination revealed a pure @entity4797 . Perifusion experiments showed that the @entity5 was able to secrete significant amounts of @entity53 . In addition, @entity3566 induced a two-fold increase in @entity53 production from perifused @entity5 explants. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the @entity5 was composed of nests of @entity4797 cells intermingled with lymphoid infiltrates. @entity5 cells also expressed aromatase, the @entity3566 / @entity10548 and the Leydig cell marker relaxin-like factor, but were betahCG-negative. These results demonstrate that a pure @entity4797 of the @entity1062 is able to synthesise and secrete @entity2931 . They also illustrate that the body of proof favouring the diagnosis of feminising @entity5 of the @entity1062 is not rigorously specific.

title: An XXXX -producing @entity4797 responsible for gynaecomastia.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumours', 'Leydig cell tumour', 'Tumour', 'Typical hormonal Leydig cell tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: In feminising @entity5 , @entity2931 can be either secreted by the @entity5 itself or produced by normal Leydig cells in response to paracrine and/or endocrine stimulation by @entity3566 . @entity5 patterns include: plasma @entity53 levels > 300 pmol/l on day 3 following an @entity3566 injection, reduced plasma @entity251 , and normal plasma @entity3566 and gonadotrophin levels. Except for elevated plasma @entity53 levels, opposite results are observed in @entity4797 . We report a case of @entity2931 -secreting @entity4797 mimicking a @entity5 . A 24-year-old Caucasian @entity1 had complained of gynaecomastia for 6 months before admission. Hormonal pattern was typical of @entity5 . A 1.4 cm @entity5 was found in the left @entity1062 and confirmed on sonography. Considering the likely diagnosis of @entity5 , the @entity1 was treated by tumourectomy. Surprisingly, pathological examination revealed a pure @entity4797 . Perifusion experiments showed that the @entity5 was able to secrete significant amounts of @entity53 . In addition, @entity3566 induced a two-fold increase in @entity53 production from perifused @entity5 explants. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the @entity5 was composed of nests of @entity4797 cells intermingled with lymphoid infiltrates. @entity5 cells also expressed aromatase, the @entity3566 / @entity10548 and the Leydig cell marker relaxin-like factor, but were betahCG-negative. These results demonstrate that a pure @entity4797 of the @entity1062 is able to synthesise and secrete @entity2931 . They also illustrate that the body of proof favouring the diagnosis of feminising @entity5 of the @entity1062 is not rigorously specific.

title: An @entity2931 -producing XXXX responsible for gynaecomastia.

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['seminoma']


abstract: To identify a new regimen to optimize treatment for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) by short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) alone. Methods. 60 @entity1 with newly diagnosed T2DM were randomized into two groups (n = 30 each) and treated for 2 weeks with CSII alone (CSII group) or with CSII plus @entity12350 (CSII + Sig group). The glycemic variability of the @entity1 was measured using a continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) for the last 72 hours. A standard meal test was performed before and after the interventions, and the levels of glycated albumin, fasting @entity413 , fasting C-peptide, postprandial 2   h blood @entity413 , and postprandial 2   h C-peptide were examined. Results. Compared with the CSII group, the indicators of glycemic variability, such as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and the standard deviation of blood @entity413 (SDBG), were decreased significantly in the CSII + Sig group. The changes before and after treatment in the C-peptide reactivity index (  CPI) and the secretory unit of islet in transplantation index (  SUIT) indicated a significant improvement in the CSII + Sig group. Conclusions. Add-on therapy with @entity12350 may be an optimized treatment for @entity1 with newly diagnosed T2DM compared with short-term CSII alone.

title: Comparison of the Effects of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Add-On Therapy with XXXX in @entity1 with Newly Diagnosed @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['sitagliptin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12350 :: (MESH:C496398,Chemical) :: ['Sitagliptin']


abstract: To identify a new regimen to optimize treatment for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) by short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) alone. Methods. 60 @entity1 with newly diagnosed T2DM were randomized into two groups (n = 30 each) and treated for 2 weeks with CSII alone (CSII group) or with CSII plus @entity12350 (CSII + Sig group). The glycemic variability of the @entity1 was measured using a continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) for the last 72 hours. A standard meal test was performed before and after the interventions, and the levels of glycated albumin, fasting @entity413 , fasting C-peptide, postprandial 2   h blood @entity413 , and postprandial 2   h C-peptide were examined. Results. Compared with the CSII group, the indicators of glycemic variability, such as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and the standard deviation of blood @entity413 (SDBG), were decreased significantly in the CSII + Sig group. The changes before and after treatment in the C-peptide reactivity index (  CPI) and the secretory unit of islet in transplantation index (  SUIT) indicated a significant improvement in the CSII + Sig group. Conclusions. Add-on therapy with @entity12350 may be an optimized treatment for @entity1 with newly diagnosed T2DM compared with short-term CSII alone.

title: Comparison of the Effects of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Add-On Therapy with @entity12350 in @entity1 with Newly Diagnosed XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: To identify a new regimen to optimize treatment for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) by short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) alone. Methods. 60 @entity1 with newly diagnosed T2DM were randomized into two groups (n = 30 each) and treated for 2 weeks with CSII alone (CSII group) or with CSII plus @entity12350 (CSII + Sig group). The glycemic variability of the @entity1 was measured using a continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) for the last 72 hours. A standard meal test was performed before and after the interventions, and the levels of glycated albumin, fasting @entity413 , fasting C-peptide, postprandial 2   h blood @entity413 , and postprandial 2   h C-peptide were examined. Results. Compared with the CSII group, the indicators of glycemic variability, such as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and the standard deviation of blood @entity413 (SDBG), were decreased significantly in the CSII + Sig group. The changes before and after treatment in the C-peptide reactivity index (  CPI) and the secretory unit of islet in transplantation index (  SUIT) indicated a significant improvement in the CSII + Sig group. Conclusions. Add-on therapy with @entity12350 may be an optimized treatment for @entity1 with newly diagnosed T2DM compared with short-term CSII alone.

title: Comparison of the Effects of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Add-On Therapy with @entity12350 in XXXX with Newly Diagnosed @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Streptokinase (SK) interacts with @entity1 plasminogen (Pg) or @entity1351 (Pm) with formation of Pg-SK or Pm-SK complex. Pm-SK complex manifests a fibrinolytic, amidolytic and Pg activator activity. SK in complex with Pm isn't stable and so capable to be hydrolysed rapidly. We investigated a correlation between molecular form of SK and catalytic properties of equimolar Pm-SK complex during preincubation at 20 degrees C. It was found out that amidolytic activity of Pm-SK complex was not changing for 5 hours and decreased to the initial Pm value after 24 hours. During this time @entity7426 ( @entity7426 ) has any effect on amidolytic activity of the complex. Fibrinolytic activity of Pm-SK complex makes up 20% of the initial Pm value and wasn't changing within the investigated period. Pg activator activity was decreasing rapidly to 30-40% of the initial one within few minutes from the moment of Pm-SK complex formation. It was 10-20% of that initial after 24 hours. The decrease in Pg activator activity of Pm-SK complex correlated with the initial very rapid conversion of 47 kDa SK to 36 kDa SK within few minutes and following more slow conversion of SK in 31, 25 and 15 kDa fragments after 5 hours. @entity7426 didn't influence on the Pg activator activity of Pm-SK complex but eliminated its fibrinolytic activity completely. It was supposed that @entity7426 inhibited fibrinolytic activity of Pm-SK complex similarly to @entity929 by preventing Pm-SK complex binding to fibrin polymer.

title: [Degradation of streptokinase and the catalytic properties of the XXXX -streptokinase complex].

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['6-aminohexanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity7426 :: ('5345', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-AP', 'alpha 2-antiplasmin']

answer: @entity1351 :: (5340,Gene) :: ['plasmin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has established popularity as a weight loss procedure based on its success. However, LSG's effect on @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the incidence of @entity354 after LSG and to compare the results in @entity1 with preexisting and de novo @entity354 . SETTING: Tertiary Medical center. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of primary LSG from 2005 to 2013 and compared @entity1 with pre-existing and de novo @entity354 who underwent LSG. RESULTS: A total of 919 @entity1 underwent LSG. @entity354 was present in 38 (4%) of the LSG cohort. We identified 2 groups: Group A consisted of 25 (3%) @entity1 with de novo @entity354 , and Group B consisted of 13 (1%) @entity1 with pre-existing @entity354 . Diagnosis of @entity354 in both groups was determined by symptoms and history of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, upper @entity344 , esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and pH manometry. In Group A, 1 (4%) @entity1 was managed with over-the-counter drugs, 17 (68%) @entity1 were treated with low-dose PPI, 6 (24%) @entity1 were treated with high-dose PPI, and 1 (4%) @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Group B consisted of 9 (69%) @entity1 treated with low-dose PPI and 4 (31%) @entity1 treated with high-dose PPI. Medical treatment failed in 4 @entity1 (10.5%) who subsequently required conversion to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). In Group A, 1 @entity1 (4%) required LRYGB, and in Group B, 3 @entity1 (23%) required LRYGB. The outcome of conversion for Group A was incomplete resolution of symptoms in the 1 @entity1 , whereas in Group B, all 3 @entity1 (100%) had complete resolution of @entity354 symptoms after LRYGB. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 3% of @entity1 developed de novo @entity354 , but most responded to either low- or high-dose PPI, with 4% requiring conversion to LRYGB.

title: Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on XXXX in a morbidly obese population undergoing bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: After @entity5 -related phase I dose-finding trials are completed in Western countries, further phase I trials are often conducted to determine recommended doses (RDS) for Japanese @entity1 . This may be due to concerns about possible differences in treatment tolerability between Caucasians and Japanese. In most of these, a conventional '3 +3' cohort study design is used in making dose escalation decisions, possibly due to its relatively easy implementation. Since its proposal by O'Quigleybiet al. (1990; Biometrics, 46:33-48), the continual reassessment method (CRM) has been used increasingly in @entity5 -related phase I dose-finding studies as an alternative to '3 +3' designs. One of the principal advantages of applying a Bayesian CRM may be the utilization of all available prior information to estimate RDS through prior distributions that are assumed for model parameters representing the dose-toxicity relationship. In this paper, we present an application of the Bayesian CRM to a phase I dose-finding study in Japanese @entity1 with @entity0 using an informative prior elicited from clinical investigators. In some settings, it may be appropriate to use an informative prior that reflects the accurate and comprehensive previous knowledge of clinical investigators. On the other hand, for a model-based Bayesian outcome-adaptive clinical trial, it is necessary to establish sufficiently vague priors so that accumulating data dominate decisions as the amount of observed data increases. Thus, we retrospectively investigated the relative strength of the prior using a recently proposed method to compute a prior effective sample size.

title: Application of the continual reassessment method to a phase I dose-finding trial in Japanese XXXX : East meets West.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A study was performed on eight subjects with @entity252 to assess the relation between gonadal hormones and opioid inhibition of gonadotropin secretion through comparison of their gonadotropin response to @entity1510 ( @entity3696 ) (0.3 mg/kg; 1/3 bolus iv. at time 0 and 2/3 iv. for 120 min) before and after @entity3033 (TP) 100 mg/day im. for 5 days. Under basal conditions, NAL failed to induce a significant change in LH levels. After TP, however, despite unchanged basal LH levels (mean +/- S.E.M.: 27.0 +/- 3.4 vs 21.2 +/- 3.21 microU/ml), LH significantly increased in response to NAL. FSH did not respond to NAL either before or after TP administration, though FSH levels were significantly reduced by TP. These findings suggest that in @entity1 , as in animals, gonadal hormones regulate opioid inhibition of LH secretion. The negative feedback of @entity251 and its ability to activate opioid inhibiting tone may be dissociated, in keeping with the view that gonadal hormones control gonadotropin secretion through the activation of distinct, albeit concomitant, mechanisms.

title: Effect of @entity1510 on gonadotropin secretion before and after XXXX in @entity252 .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: A study was performed on eight subjects with @entity252 to assess the relation between gonadal hormones and opioid inhibition of gonadotropin secretion through comparison of their gonadotropin response to @entity1510 ( @entity3696 ) (0.3 mg/kg; 1/3 bolus iv. at time 0 and 2/3 iv. for 120 min) before and after @entity3033 (TP) 100 mg/day im. for 5 days. Under basal conditions, NAL failed to induce a significant change in LH levels. After TP, however, despite unchanged basal LH levels (mean +/- S.E.M.: 27.0 +/- 3.4 vs 21.2 +/- 3.21 microU/ml), LH significantly increased in response to NAL. FSH did not respond to NAL either before or after TP administration, though FSH levels were significantly reduced by TP. These findings suggest that in @entity1 , as in animals, gonadal hormones regulate opioid inhibition of LH secretion. The negative feedback of @entity251 and its ability to activate opioid inhibiting tone may be dissociated, in keeping with the view that gonadal hormones control gonadotropin secretion through the activation of distinct, albeit concomitant, mechanisms.

title: Effect of XXXX on gonadotropin secretion before and after @entity251 in @entity252 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: A study was performed on eight subjects with @entity252 to assess the relation between gonadal hormones and opioid inhibition of gonadotropin secretion through comparison of their gonadotropin response to @entity1510 ( @entity3696 ) (0.3 mg/kg; 1/3 bolus iv. at time 0 and 2/3 iv. for 120 min) before and after @entity3033 (TP) 100 mg/day im. for 5 days. Under basal conditions, NAL failed to induce a significant change in LH levels. After TP, however, despite unchanged basal LH levels (mean +/- S.E.M.: 27.0 +/- 3.4 vs 21.2 +/- 3.21 microU/ml), LH significantly increased in response to NAL. FSH did not respond to NAL either before or after TP administration, though FSH levels were significantly reduced by TP. These findings suggest that in @entity1 , as in animals, gonadal hormones regulate opioid inhibition of LH secretion. The negative feedback of @entity251 and its ability to activate opioid inhibiting tone may be dissociated, in keeping with the view that gonadal hormones control gonadotropin secretion through the activation of distinct, albeit concomitant, mechanisms.

title: Effect of @entity1510 on gonadotropin secretion before and after @entity251 in XXXX .

answer: @entity252 :: (MESH:D007713,Disease) :: ['Klinefelter's syndrome']


abstract: In several species, there is a strong correlation between indicators of @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ) and thromboelastometry results. The @entity1641 has a reliable, temporary, @entity6582 in response to @entity2647 infusion. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an in-vivo increase in circulating @entity4085 on thromboelastometry results in an @entity1641 model of transient @entity6582 . Six healthy research @entity1641 had whole blood thromboelastometry with contact activator and tissue factor initiation after recalcification of citrated samples. Additional samples were frozen for thrombin-antithrombin (TAT). Complete blood count biochemical analysis, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT) were performed. Additional samples were taken at 5 min and 2 h after @entity2647 infusion. Thromboelastometry was performed separately on four @entity1641 not receiving @entity2647 with the samples divided and spiked with @entity2647 ex vivo. Red cell count (P<0.001) and hematocrit (P<0.001) were significantly higher at 5 min after @entity2647 compared with baseline and 2 h. There was no change in platelet count, fibrinogen, PT, aPTT, or TAT at any time point. Both ex-tem and in-tem parameters were hypocoagulable at 5 min after @entity2647 compared to baseline and 2 h. There was no effect of @entity2647 in the ex-vivo spiking studies on any of the thromboelastometry parameters. Whole blood thromboelastometry results were hypocoagulable in this @entity1641 model of in-vivo transient @entity6582 only during the polycythemic phase. All other coagulation parameters were unchanged. In the absence of other indicators of hypocoagulability, this may point to an artifact of thromboelastometry. Alternatively, the data may reflect true in-vivo hypocoagulability in @entity1 with increased circulating @entity4085 .

title: In-vitro hypocoagulability on whole blood thromboelastometry associated with in-vivo expansion of XXXX in an @entity1641 model.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['horses', 'horse', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['RCM', 'red cell mass']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity4085 :: (MESH:D009081,Disease) :: ['red cell mass']


abstract: In several species, there is a strong correlation between indicators of @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ) and thromboelastometry results. The @entity1641 has a reliable, temporary, @entity6582 in response to @entity2647 infusion. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an in-vivo increase in circulating @entity4085 on thromboelastometry results in an @entity1641 model of transient @entity6582 . Six healthy research @entity1641 had whole blood thromboelastometry with contact activator and tissue factor initiation after recalcification of citrated samples. Additional samples were frozen for thrombin-antithrombin (TAT). Complete blood count biochemical analysis, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT) were performed. Additional samples were taken at 5 min and 2 h after @entity2647 infusion. Thromboelastometry was performed separately on four @entity1641 not receiving @entity2647 with the samples divided and spiked with @entity2647 ex vivo. Red cell count (P<0.001) and hematocrit (P<0.001) were significantly higher at 5 min after @entity2647 compared with baseline and 2 h. There was no change in platelet count, fibrinogen, PT, aPTT, or TAT at any time point. Both ex-tem and in-tem parameters were hypocoagulable at 5 min after @entity2647 compared to baseline and 2 h. There was no effect of @entity2647 in the ex-vivo spiking studies on any of the thromboelastometry parameters. Whole blood thromboelastometry results were hypocoagulable in this @entity1641 model of in-vivo transient @entity6582 only during the polycythemic phase. All other coagulation parameters were unchanged. In the absence of other indicators of hypocoagulability, this may point to an artifact of thromboelastometry. Alternatively, the data may reflect true in-vivo hypocoagulability in @entity1 with increased circulating @entity4085 .

title: In-vitro hypocoagulability on whole blood thromboelastometry associated with in-vivo expansion of @entity4085 in an XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare fractionation schemes and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) treated in institutional prospective spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) trials who did not previously undergo radiation treatment at the site of the SSRS. METHODS @entity1 enrolled in 2 separate institutional prospective protocols and treated with SSRS between 2002 and 2011 were included. A secondary analysis was performed on @entity1 with previously nonirradiated @entity1358 spinal metastases treated with either single-fraction (SF) or multifraction (MF) SSRS. RESULTS SSRS was performed in 47 spinal sites on 43 @entity1 . The median age of the @entity1 was 62 years (range 38-75 years). The most common histological subtype was clear cell (n = 30). Fifteen sites underwent surgery prior to the SSRS, with laminectomy the most common procedure performed (n = 10). All SF SSRS was delivered to a dose of 24 Gy (n = 21) while MF regiments were either 27 Gy in 3 fractions (n = 20) or 30 Gy in 5 fractions (n = 6). The median overall survival duration for the entire cohort was 22.8 months. The median local control (LC) for the entire cohort was 80.6 months with 1-year and 2-year actuarial LC rates of 82% and 68%, respectively. Single-fraction SSRS correlated with improved 1- and 2-year actuarial LC relative to MF SSRS (95% vs 71% and 86% vs 55%, respectively; p = 0.009). On competing risk analysis, SF SSRS showed superior LC to MF SSRS (subhazard ratio [SHR] 6.57, p = 0.014). On multivariate analysis for LC with @entity5 volume (p = 0.272), number of treated levels (p = 0.819), gross @entity5 volume (GTV) coverage (p = 0.225), and GTV minimum point dose (p = 0.97) as covariates, MF SSRS remained inferior to SF SSRS (SHR 5.26, p = 0.033) CONCLUSIONS SSRS offers durable LC for spinal metastases from @entity1358 . Single-fraction SSRS is associated with improved LC over MF SSRS for previously nonirradiated @entity1358 spinal metastases.

title: Single-fraction versus multifraction spinal stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases from XXXX : secondary analysis of Phase I/II trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction @entity1 with mutations in @entity3301 can have @entity746 ( @entity746 ), @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), or @entity746 - @entity4943 . The goals were to establish whether cortical hyperexcitability occurs in @entity3301 @entity1 with different clinical presentations. Methods Cortical thresholds and silent periods were measured in thenar muscles in 19 @entity1 with @entity3301 expansions and 21 healthy controls using @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). El Escorial and Rascovsky criteria were used to diagnose @entity746 and @entity4943 . Fourteen @entity1 with @entity3301 expansions were re-tested 6 months later. Correlations with finger-tapping speed, timed peg test, the @entity746 functional rating scale, and @entity303 Rating Scale were examined. Results Most @entity1 with @entity3301 expansions had normal or low cortical thresholds. Among them, @entity746 @entity1 had the lowest thresholds and significantly shorter silent periods. Thresholds correlated with timed peg-test scores. @entity9808 did not correlate with the @entity303 Rating Scale. Conclusion @entity9808 measures of cortical excitability may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of @entity746 disease activity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cortical hyperexcitability in @entity1 with XXXX mutations: relationship to phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity3301 :: (203228,Gene) :: ['C9orf72']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction @entity1 with mutations in @entity3301 can have @entity746 ( @entity746 ), @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), or @entity746 - @entity4943 . The goals were to establish whether cortical hyperexcitability occurs in @entity3301 @entity1 with different clinical presentations. Methods Cortical thresholds and silent periods were measured in thenar muscles in 19 @entity1 with @entity3301 expansions and 21 healthy controls using @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). El Escorial and Rascovsky criteria were used to diagnose @entity746 and @entity4943 . Fourteen @entity1 with @entity3301 expansions were re-tested 6 months later. Correlations with finger-tapping speed, timed peg test, the @entity746 functional rating scale, and @entity303 Rating Scale were examined. Results Most @entity1 with @entity3301 expansions had normal or low cortical thresholds. Among them, @entity746 @entity1 had the lowest thresholds and significantly shorter silent periods. Thresholds correlated with timed peg-test scores. @entity9808 did not correlate with the @entity303 Rating Scale. Conclusion @entity9808 measures of cortical excitability may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of @entity746 disease activity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cortical hyperexcitability in XXXX with @entity3301 mutations: relationship to phenotype.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is intensively used for the treatment of primary @entity0 . In our previous studies, we reported that clinical @entity5 response to NAC is associated with the change of multidrug resistance (MDR) gene expression in @entity5 after chemotherapy. In this study we performed a combined analysis of MDR gene locus deletions in @entity5 DNA, MDR gene expression and clinical response to NAC in 73 BC @entity1 . Copy number variations (CNVs) in biopsy specimens were tested using high-density microarray platform CytoScanTM @entity2033 Array (Affymetrix, USA). 75%-100% @entity1 having deletions of MDR gene loci demonstrated the down-regulation of MDR gene expression. Expression of MDR genes was 2-8 times lower in @entity1 with deletion than in @entity1 having no deletion only in post-NAC @entity5 samples but not in @entity5 tissue before chemotherapy. All @entity1 with deletions of @entity1262 ABCB 3 @entity22477 gene loci - 7q21.1, 6p21.32, 3q27 correspondingly, and most @entity1 having deletions in @entity11092 (16p13.1), @entity7737 (10q24), @entity17609 (21q22.3), @entity10430 (4q22.1), responded favorably to NAC. The analysis of all CNVs, including both amplification and deletion showed that the frequency of 13q14.2 deletion was 85% among @entity1 @entity5 with the deletion at least in one MDR gene locus versus 9% in @entity1 with no deletions. Differences in the frequency of 13q14.2 deletions between the two groups were statistically significant (p = 2.03 *10-11, Fisher test, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 1.73 * 10-8). In conclusion, our study for the first time demonstrates that deletion MDR gene loci can be used as predictive marker for @entity5 response to NAC.

title: Deletions of multidrug resistance gene loci in XXXX leads to the down-regulation of its expression and predict @entity5 response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bearing tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is intensively used for the treatment of primary @entity0 . In our previous studies, we reported that clinical @entity5 response to NAC is associated with the change of multidrug resistance (MDR) gene expression in @entity5 after chemotherapy. In this study we performed a combined analysis of MDR gene locus deletions in @entity5 DNA, MDR gene expression and clinical response to NAC in 73 BC @entity1 . Copy number variations (CNVs) in biopsy specimens were tested using high-density microarray platform CytoScanTM @entity2033 Array (Affymetrix, USA). 75%-100% @entity1 having deletions of MDR gene loci demonstrated the down-regulation of MDR gene expression. Expression of MDR genes was 2-8 times lower in @entity1 with deletion than in @entity1 having no deletion only in post-NAC @entity5 samples but not in @entity5 tissue before chemotherapy. All @entity1 with deletions of @entity1262 ABCB 3 @entity22477 gene loci - 7q21.1, 6p21.32, 3q27 correspondingly, and most @entity1 having deletions in @entity11092 (16p13.1), @entity7737 (10q24), @entity17609 (21q22.3), @entity10430 (4q22.1), responded favorably to NAC. The analysis of all CNVs, including both amplification and deletion showed that the frequency of 13q14.2 deletion was 85% among @entity1 @entity5 with the deletion at least in one MDR gene locus versus 9% in @entity1 with no deletions. Differences in the frequency of 13q14.2 deletions between the two groups were statistically significant (p = 2.03 *10-11, Fisher test, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 1.73 * 10-8). In conclusion, our study for the first time demonstrates that deletion MDR gene loci can be used as predictive marker for @entity5 response to NAC.

title: Deletions of multidrug resistance gene loci in @entity0 leads to the down-regulation of its expression and predict XXXX response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2743 is an @entity792 in which inappropriate stimulation of the thyroid gland results in unregulated secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in @entity1378 . @entity2743 is the most common cause of @entity2743 during pregnancy. Treatment options for @entity2743 include @entity39600 therapy, partial or total thyroidectomy, and radioactive @entity1496 . In this article, we review guideline recommendations for @entity2743 treatment in @entity1 of reproductive age including the recent guideline from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Controversy regarding appropriate @entity39600 therapy before, during, and after pregnancy is reviewed. Surgical and radioactive @entity1496 therapy considerations in this @entity1 population are also reviewed. In @entity1 who may find themselves pregnant during therapy or develop @entity2743 during their pregnancy, consideration should be given to the most appropriate treatment course for the mother and fetus. @entity39600 therapy should be used with either @entity5652 or @entity3937 at appropriate doses that target the upper range of normal to slightly @entity1378 to avoid creating @entity1375 in the fetus. Consideration should also be given to the adverse effects of @entity39600 , such as @entity3028 and hepatotoxicity, with appropriate @entity1 consultation regarding signs and symptoms. Individuals who wish to breastfeed their @entity1 while taking @entity39600 should receive the lowest effective dose. Surgery should be reserved for extreme cases and limited to the second trimester, if possible. Radioactive @entity1496 therapy may be used in nonpregnant individuals, with limited harm to future fertility. Radioactive @entity1496 therapy should be withheld in pregnant @entity1 and those who are actively breastfeeding. Clinicians should keep abreast of developments in clinical trials and evidence-based recommendations regarding @entity2743 in reproductive-age @entity1 for any changes in evidence-based practice.

title: Graves' Disease Pharmacotherapy in XXXX of Reproductive Age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hyperthyroidism', "Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity39600 :: ('CHEBI:47956', 'Chemical') :: ['thioamide', 'Thioamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: One hundred and sixty-three @entity1 subjected to three different types of thoracic operation were allocated randomly either to balanced intravenous anaesthesia including i.v. opiates with post-operative intramuscular opiates (intramuscular group) or to balanced intravenous anaesthesia without i.v. opiates but with high thoracic epidural regional block during the operation as well as epidural @entity47059 post-operatively (epidural group). Post-operative @entity47059 in either group was given only at the request of the @entity1 and as frequently as needed to obtain satisfactory @entity158 relief. @entity1 in the epidural group were given @entity47059 exclusively by epidural injection. @entity1 in the epidural group required significantly less @entity47059 for effective @entity158 relief (29 mg (sd = 10) over a period of 3 days compared to 52 mg (sd = 27) in the intramuscular group. Significantly fewer @entity358 in the epidural group were observed (9 atelectases in 83 @entity1 in the epidural group compared to 24 atelectases in 80 @entity1 in the intramuscular group). Only one @entity1 developed @entity55 (intramuscular group). Although the epidural catheter was inserted at the T3-T4 level, no signs of @entity308 were found; on the contrary, respiration in the epidural group was significantly better than the intramuscular group. None of the @entity1 , in either @entity1337 group, needed to be ventilated post-operatively.

title: Post-operative @entity1337 by epidural versus intramuscular XXXX after thoracotomy. Part II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory depression']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity47059 :: ('MESH:C008549', 'Chemical') :: ['nicomorphine']

answer: @entity47059 :: (MESH:C008549,Chemical) :: ['nicomorphine']


abstract: One hundred and sixty-three @entity1 subjected to three different types of thoracic operation were allocated randomly either to balanced intravenous anaesthesia including i.v. opiates with post-operative intramuscular opiates (intramuscular group) or to balanced intravenous anaesthesia without i.v. opiates but with high thoracic epidural regional block during the operation as well as epidural @entity47059 post-operatively (epidural group). Post-operative @entity47059 in either group was given only at the request of the @entity1 and as frequently as needed to obtain satisfactory @entity158 relief. @entity1 in the epidural group were given @entity47059 exclusively by epidural injection. @entity1 in the epidural group required significantly less @entity47059 for effective @entity158 relief (29 mg (sd = 10) over a period of 3 days compared to 52 mg (sd = 27) in the intramuscular group. Significantly fewer @entity358 in the epidural group were observed (9 atelectases in 83 @entity1 in the epidural group compared to 24 atelectases in 80 @entity1 in the intramuscular group). Only one @entity1 developed @entity55 (intramuscular group). Although the epidural catheter was inserted at the T3-T4 level, no signs of @entity308 were found; on the contrary, respiration in the epidural group was significantly better than the intramuscular group. None of the @entity1 , in either @entity1337 group, needed to be ventilated post-operatively.

title: Post-operative XXXX by epidural versus intramuscular @entity47059 after thoracotomy. Part II.

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course of recovery from cerebral vulnerability, using microdialysis (MD) technique and cerebral vascular autoregulation measurement, to clarify the appropriate timing of subsequent major surgical procedures, and to minimize the possibility of secondary @entity1545 in @entity1 with severe @entity131 (STBI). METHODS: In 3,470 MD samples of 25 @entity1 with STBI, cerebral extracellular biomarkers ( @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity2388 , @entity653 , and @entity2227 ) were measured. In addition, to estimate cerebral vascular autoregulaton, the pressure reactivity index (PRx) was calculated with @entity428 ( @entity428 ) and mean arterial pressure. The data with @entity428 , cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and PRx were collected hourly for 7 days after injury and they were compared with MD biomarkers daily. RESULTS: During the study period, the average @entity428 and CPP remained stable and were within the threshold of STBI treatment guidelines. After injury, the extracellular @entity413 concentration decreased, and the levels of @entity653 , @entity2227 , and @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio (LPR), which indicate @entity2806 and @entity131 , increased. On the fourth day after injury, the extracellular @entity413 concentration improved, and the value of LPR decreased. The average PRx decreased daily and became negative on the fifth day after injury. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that cerebral vascular autoregulation would recover on the fourth day after STBI, and cerebral perfusion might be increased by recovery of autoregulation. Thus, subsequent nonemergent surgery should be performed at least 4 days after STBI to prevent secondary @entity1545 . In addition, we should keep in mind that the cerebral vulnerability might persist for 4 days after suffering STBI.

title: Time course of recovery from cerebral vulnerability after severe XXXX : a microdialysis study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['neural cell damage', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inappropriate secretion of TSH was first described in 1960 in a @entity1 with evidence of @entity1378 and expanded sella on imaging. It was later found that a type of pituitary adenoma that secretes TSH (thyrotropinoma) was the underlying cause. The objective of the present review article is to summarize data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of thyrotropinomas. The prevalence of thyrotropinomas is lower than that of other @entity977 . Early diagnosis is now possible thanks to the availability of magnetic resonance imaging and sensitive laboratory assays. As a corollary, many @entity1 now present earlier in the course of their disease and have smaller @entity5 at the time of diagnosis. Treatment also has evolved over time. Transsphenoidal surgery is still considered definitive therapy. Meanwhile, radiation therapy, including radiosurgery, is effective in achieving @entity5 control in the majority of @entity1 . In the past, radiation therapy was used as second line treatment in @entity1 with residual or recurrent @entity5 after surgery. However, the availability of @entity1943 analogs, which can lead to normalization of thyroid function as well as shrink these @entity5 , has led to an increase in the role of medical therapy in @entity1 who are not in remission after pituitary surgery. In addition, @entity935 agonists have shown some efficacy in the management of these @entity5 . Better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of thyrotropinomas may lead to rationally designed therapies for @entity1 with thyrotropinomas.

title: Thyrotropin-secreting XXXX : epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Development of a hospital prospective payment system (PPS) for Medicare @entity1 based on diagnosis related groups (DRGs) should generate renewed interest in acute care utilization by @entity64 @entity1 . Within the @entity11287 , these @entity1 are classified as DRG 14--specific @entity1504 except transient @entity63 attacks. Hospitals are paid a relatively fixed rate for each Medicare @entity1 within this category. In order to investigate patterns of inpatient care for this DRG, hospital utilization patterns in four United States metropolitan areas with a variety of acute and long-term care utilization characteristics were compared. The study involved a total of 4,593 discharges in DRG 14. Hospital discharge and admission rates and mean stays of the four sample populations were evaluated. Data demonstrated that discharge and admission rates of the four areas in this DRG were similar. However, the results also indicated that mean stays for DRG 14 varied by over 100%. These differences could not be explained by differences in age level and payor status of sample populations. Some variations appeared to be related to limitations in the availability of nursing home beds for posthospital care @entity64 @entity1 . These results suggest that efforts to improve the efficiency of hospital care for @entity64 @entity1 under DRGs must increasingly focus on long-term care services.

title: XXXX hospitalization under prospective payments: analysis of diagnosis related group 14.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorders']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A has been used for treating the @entity1184 of the masseter muscles and its cosmetic effects. Ultrasound is increasingly used in dermatology, along with the guidance of mini-invasive procedures. AIMS: To evaluate the role of ultrasound for guiding the application of Botulinum A toxin in @entity1 with cosmetic alterations due to @entity8599 , correlate the clinical landmarks with the ultrasound findings, and study the effect on the symptoms, cosmetics, and quality of life. @entity1 /METHODS: Twenty individuals with @entity8599 and cosmetic alterations underwent an ultrasound-guided injection of Botulinum toxin type A in each masseter muscle. Clinical and ultrasound marking of the procedure was compared. Clinical and sonographic evaluation was performed at the time of injection and 3 months later. Ten normal individuals underwent ultrasound of the masseter muscles as a control group. RESULTS: Up to 65% of individuals showed anatomical variants of the salivary glands. The method for clinically marking the skin showed a frequently erroneous location of the anterior point (up to 40% of cases) that was proven by ultrasound to be out of the muscle. In 20% of cases, ultrasound showed that the needle should be longer to enter the muscle. After injection, most of the @entity1 demonstrated a decrease of the symptoms and cosmetic and quality of life improvements. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound can be a potent tool for guiding the injection of Botulinum toxin into the masseter muscles. It may contribute to a more personalized procedure, better cosmetic results, and help to avoid potential complications.

title: Comparison of clinical marking and ultrasound-guided injection of Botulinum type A toxin into the masseter muscles for treating XXXX and its cosmetic effects.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity8599 :: (MESH:D002012,Disease) :: ['bruxism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is an aggressive subtype of @entity0 with a poor prognosis, which lacks effective targeted therapies. There is an urgent need to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of @entity0 @entity146 and identify novel, efficient targets for therapeutic intervention. METHODS: miRNA qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of @entity59102 in cell lines. The @entity59102 overexpression effects in @entity0 cell lines were investigated using assays of colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis. Immunoblotting was performed to determine the expression of the @entity59102 target protein, and luciferase assays were performed to confirm the target of @entity59102 action. RESULTS: @entity59102 expression was significantly suppressed in @entity0 cell lines and tissues samples. Overexpression of @entity59102 significantly suppressed cell proliferation of two @entity0 cell lines when compared to control miRNA-expressing cells. A significant decrease in the S-phase of the cell cycle was observed following @entity59102 overexpression, accompanied by induction of apoptosis in @entity0 cells. @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) was identified as a target of @entity59102 action. @entity59102 overexpression significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of reporter plasmid containing the 3'UTR of @entity4910 and protein expression levels of @entity4910 in @entity0 cells. The effects of @entity59102 overexpression on @entity0 cell growth were reversed by @entity4910 overexpression. @entity59102 expression sensitized @entity0 cells to @entity900 treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a novel @entity5 suppressor role for @entity59102 in triple-negative @entity0 cell lines, identify @entity4910 as its target of action, and demonstrate a potential role for @entity59102 in sensitizing @entity0 cells to @entity900 .

title: @entity5 suppressor role of microRNA-1296 in triple-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'Triple negative breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is an aggressive subtype of @entity0 with a poor prognosis, which lacks effective targeted therapies. There is an urgent need to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of @entity0 @entity146 and identify novel, efficient targets for therapeutic intervention. METHODS: miRNA qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of @entity59102 in cell lines. The @entity59102 overexpression effects in @entity0 cell lines were investigated using assays of colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis. Immunoblotting was performed to determine the expression of the @entity59102 target protein, and luciferase assays were performed to confirm the target of @entity59102 action. RESULTS: @entity59102 expression was significantly suppressed in @entity0 cell lines and tissues samples. Overexpression of @entity59102 significantly suppressed cell proliferation of two @entity0 cell lines when compared to control miRNA-expressing cells. A significant decrease in the S-phase of the cell cycle was observed following @entity59102 overexpression, accompanied by induction of apoptosis in @entity0 cells. @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) was identified as a target of @entity59102 action. @entity59102 overexpression significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of reporter plasmid containing the 3'UTR of @entity4910 and protein expression levels of @entity4910 in @entity0 cells. The effects of @entity59102 overexpression on @entity0 cell growth were reversed by @entity4910 overexpression. @entity59102 expression sensitized @entity0 cells to @entity900 treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a novel @entity5 suppressor role for @entity59102 in triple-negative @entity0 cell lines, identify @entity4910 as its target of action, and demonstrate a potential role for @entity59102 in sensitizing @entity0 cells to @entity900 .

title: XXXX suppressor role of microRNA-1296 in triple-negative @entity0 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the last years, rituximab (RTX) and agonists of the @entity20096 ( @entity20096 ) eltrombopag and romiplostim have provided new treatment options in persistent and chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). Here, we analyzed the changes in therapeutic choices over time and their impact on clinical outcomes in a cohort of 557 @entity3039 outpatients followed at the "L. and A. Ser  gnoli" Institute of Hematology, Bologna, Italy, from 1980 to 2015. Overall 397 @entity1 (71%) required front-line corticosteroids, mainly @entity229 . Over the decades, splenectomy was delayed from second to third-line, but was steadily used in around 15-25% of @entity1 refractory or relapsing after first-line treatment. Consensually, RTX and @entity20096 agonists emerged as second and third-line therapy of choice, respectively. Splenectomy was associated with the best response rates and the lower incidences of relapse, while the relapse rate after RTX was comparable to that observed with @entity288 and other immunosuppressive agents. The introduction of @entity20096 agonists gave an alternative to the administration of immunosuppressive drugs and probably contributed to moderate the incidence of infectious complications that remained stable over the decades, despite an increasing use of RTX from the 2000s onwards. Overall responses were similar over time, with over 97% achieving a response in all time-periods. However, the cumulative risk of @entity548 significantly decreased (14.3% [1980-89] versus 7% [1990-99] versus 5.6% [2000-09] versus 0.2% [2010-15]) (p<0.001), mainly thanks to the optimization of front-line corticosteroids therapy and to the wider availability of second and third-line therapies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Have splenectomy rate and main outcomes of XXXX changed after the introduction of new treatments? A monocentric study in the outpatient setting during 35 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity20096 :: ('4352', 'Gene') :: ['TPO-R', 'thrombopoietin receptor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['ITP']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of @entity1789 based on the ECG is hampered by the dynamic nature of its ECG manifestations. @entity1789 @entity1 are only 25% likely to present a type 1 ECG. The objective of this study is to provide an ECG diagnostic criterion for @entity1789 @entity1 that can be applied consistently even in the absence of a type 1 ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS: We recorded 67-lead body surface potential maps from 94 @entity1789 @entity1 and 82 controls (including @entity714 @entity1 and healthy individuals). The spatial propagation direction during the last r' wave and the slope at the end of the QRS complex were measured and compared between @entity1 groups. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were constructed for half of the database to identify optimal cutoff values; sensitivity and specificity for these cutoff values were measured in the other half of the database. A spontaneous type 1 ECG was present in only 30% of @entity4375 @entity1 . An orientation in the sagittal plane<101   during the last r' wave and a descending slope<9.65mV/s enables the diagnosis of the syndrome with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 97% in non-type 1 @entity1789 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Spatiotemporal characteristics of surface ECG recordings can enable a robust identification of @entity4375 even without the presence of a type 1 ECG. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Spatiotemporal Characteristics of QRS Complexes Enable the Diagnosis of XXXX Regardless of the Appearance of a Type 1 ECG.

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada Syndrome']