abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) accurately identifies nodal @entity3 of early @entity0 , but it is not clear whether further nodal dissection affects survival. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of complete @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) on survival of @entity1 with @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 of @entity0 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial, a phase 3 noninferiority trial conducted at 115 sites and enrolling @entity1 from May 1999 to December 2004. @entity1 were @entity1 with clinical T1-T2 @entity0 , no palpable @entity3018 , and 1 to 2 SLNs containing metastases identified by frozen section, touch preparation, or @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining on permanent section. Targeted enrollment was 1900 @entity1 with final analysis after 500 deaths, but the trial closed early because mortality rate was lower than expected. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent lumpectomy and tangential whole-breast irradiation. Those with @entity1600 metastases identified by @entity1600 were randomized to undergo @entity1600 or no further axillary treatment. Those randomized to @entity1600 underwent dissection of 10 or more nodes. Systemic therapy was at the discretion of the treating physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival was the primary end point, with a noninferiority margin of a 1-sided hazard ratio of less than 1.3 indicating that @entity1600 alone is noninferior to @entity1600 . Disease-free survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS: Clinical and @entity5 characteristics were similar between 445 @entity1 randomized to @entity1600 and 446 randomized to @entity1600 alone. However, the median number of nodes removed was 17 with @entity1600 and 2 with @entity1600 alone. At a median follow-up of 6.3 years (last follow-up, @entity43560 , 2010), 5-year overall survival was 91.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.1%-94.5%) with @entity1600 and 92.5% (95% CI, 90.0%-95.1%) with @entity1600 alone; 5-year disease-free survival was 82.2% (95% CI, 78.3%-86.3%) with @entity1600 and 83.9% (95% CI, 80.2%-87.9%) with @entity1600 alone. The hazard ratio for treatment-related overall survival was 0.79 (90% CI, 0.56-1.11) without adjustment and 0.87 (90% CI, 0.62-1.23) after adjusting for age and adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with limited @entity1600 metastatic @entity0 treated with breast conservation and systemic therapy, the use of @entity1600 alone compared with @entity1600 did not result in inferior survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003855.

title: Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in XXXX with @entity0 and sentinel node @entity3 : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ipilimumab improves overall survival in a subset of @entity1 with @entity320 . Peripheral blood T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity has been associated with favorable outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5 , but its relevance as a biomarker for ipilimumab outcomes remains unknown. FINDINGS: In this pilot study, we analyzed the pre-treatment peripheral blood TCR repertoire in 12 @entity1 with @entity320 who received ipilimumab at 3  mg/kg (clinical benefit, n   =   4; no clinical benefit, n   =   8). TCR diversity was evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction assay which measures TCR combinatorial diversity between V and J genes from genomic DNA. TCR repertoire diversity was studied through @entity3794 (observed V-J rearrangements) and evenness (similarity between the frequencies of specific V-J rearrangements). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare @entity1 with clinical benefit and those without. Association with benefit in a dichotomized analysis was assessed through a Fisher's exact test. Overall survival was studied through log-rank analysis. There was a significant difference in @entity3794 (p   =   0.033) and evenness (p   =   0.028) between @entity1 with and without clinical benefit. Dichotomized analysis showed that none of the @entity1 with low @entity3794 (n   =   0/5, p   =   0.081) nor low evenness (n   =   0/7, p   =   0.01) achieved clinical benefit. There were no significant differences in overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this small group of @entity1 , baseline TCR diversity in the peripheral blood was associated with clinical outcomes. Further investigation is ongoing in larger cohorts of @entity1 to explore these preliminary findings and determine whether TCR diversity can be used as a predictive biomarker in @entity5 immunotherapy.

title: Peripheral T cell receptor diversity is associated with clinical outcomes following ipilimumab treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a secreted endothelial-specific growth factor that is angiogenic in vivo. It is commonly expressed in a range of @entity189 . PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effect of constitutive expression of @entity7 on @entity5 formation by @entity172 -dependent @entity1 MCF-7 @entity0 cells. METHODS: A full-length complementary DNA encoding the shortest isoform of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transfected clones were screened for @entity7 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ribonuclease protection analysis and for secretion of @entity7 protein by Western blot analysis. Secretion of biologically active @entity7 by transfectants was confirmed by 1) a competitive radioreceptor-binding assay, 2) stimulation of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, and 3) potent angiogenic activity in the @entity95 corneal assay. @entity5 models were then established by subcutaneously implanting wild-type or @entity7 -transfected MCF-7 cells, together with either @entity19 BALB/3T3 clone A31 fibroblasts or @entity1 MDA-435S @entity0 cells, into ovariectomized @entity19 either with or without a separately implanted slow-release @entity172 pellet. @entity5 vascularity was quantitatively assessed by capillary vessel counting after staining with the pan-endothelial marker @entity2279 . RESULTS: Stable @entity7 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells were isolated and designated V12 cells. When implanted into the @entity95 cornea, V12 cells elicited a strong directional outgrowth of capillaries. The growth rate of V12 cells in vitro was indistinguishable from that of MCF-7 wild-type cells. V12 cells formed faster growing @entity5 than did wild-type cells (P < .01) when xenografted subcutaneously into @entity19 with either 3T3 fibroblasts or MDA-435S cells. @entity5 formed from V12 cells were more vascular (P < .01) and showed a heterogeneous distribution of vessels when compared with the homogeneous distribution seen in @entity5 formed from wild-type cells. @entity7 overexpression had no effect on hormone dependence or @entity440 sensitivity of @entity5 formation by MCF-7 cells in @entity19 . No macroscopic evidence for @entity3 from subcutaneous implants was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 expression by @entity0 cells confers a growth advantage in vivo but not in vitro. @entity5 formed by V12 transfectants were more vascular than those formed by wild-type MCF-7 cells, and we surmise that the growth advantage arises from @entity5 vascularization induced by @entity7 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity5 formation by V12 cells could provide a useful model for the assessment of anti-angiogenic drugs.

title: Enhancement of @entity5 growth and vascular density by transfection of vascular endothelial cell growth factor into MCF-7 @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF121', 'VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'increased tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a secreted endothelial-specific growth factor that is angiogenic in vivo. It is commonly expressed in a range of @entity189 . PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effect of constitutive expression of @entity7 on @entity5 formation by @entity172 -dependent @entity1 MCF-7 @entity0 cells. METHODS: A full-length complementary DNA encoding the shortest isoform of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transfected clones were screened for @entity7 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ribonuclease protection analysis and for secretion of @entity7 protein by Western blot analysis. Secretion of biologically active @entity7 by transfectants was confirmed by 1) a competitive radioreceptor-binding assay, 2) stimulation of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, and 3) potent angiogenic activity in the @entity95 corneal assay. @entity5 models were then established by subcutaneously implanting wild-type or @entity7 -transfected MCF-7 cells, together with either @entity19 BALB/3T3 clone A31 fibroblasts or @entity1 MDA-435S @entity0 cells, into ovariectomized @entity19 either with or without a separately implanted slow-release @entity172 pellet. @entity5 vascularity was quantitatively assessed by capillary vessel counting after staining with the pan-endothelial marker @entity2279 . RESULTS: Stable @entity7 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells were isolated and designated V12 cells. When implanted into the @entity95 cornea, V12 cells elicited a strong directional outgrowth of capillaries. The growth rate of V12 cells in vitro was indistinguishable from that of MCF-7 wild-type cells. V12 cells formed faster growing @entity5 than did wild-type cells (P < .01) when xenografted subcutaneously into @entity19 with either 3T3 fibroblasts or MDA-435S cells. @entity5 formed from V12 cells were more vascular (P < .01) and showed a heterogeneous distribution of vessels when compared with the homogeneous distribution seen in @entity5 formed from wild-type cells. @entity7 overexpression had no effect on hormone dependence or @entity440 sensitivity of @entity5 formation by MCF-7 cells in @entity19 . No macroscopic evidence for @entity3 from subcutaneous implants was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 expression by @entity0 cells confers a growth advantage in vivo but not in vitro. @entity5 formed by V12 transfectants were more vascular than those formed by wild-type MCF-7 cells, and we surmise that the growth advantage arises from @entity5 vascularization induced by @entity7 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity5 formation by V12 cells could provide a useful model for the assessment of anti-angiogenic drugs.

title: Enhancement of XXXX growth and vascular density by transfection of vascular endothelial cell growth factor into MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a secreted endothelial-specific growth factor that is angiogenic in vivo. It is commonly expressed in a range of @entity189 . PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effect of constitutive expression of @entity7 on @entity5 formation by @entity172 -dependent @entity1 MCF-7 @entity0 cells. METHODS: A full-length complementary DNA encoding the shortest isoform of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transfected clones were screened for @entity7 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ribonuclease protection analysis and for secretion of @entity7 protein by Western blot analysis. Secretion of biologically active @entity7 by transfectants was confirmed by 1) a competitive radioreceptor-binding assay, 2) stimulation of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, and 3) potent angiogenic activity in the @entity95 corneal assay. @entity5 models were then established by subcutaneously implanting wild-type or @entity7 -transfected MCF-7 cells, together with either @entity19 BALB/3T3 clone A31 fibroblasts or @entity1 MDA-435S @entity0 cells, into ovariectomized @entity19 either with or without a separately implanted slow-release @entity172 pellet. @entity5 vascularity was quantitatively assessed by capillary vessel counting after staining with the pan-endothelial marker @entity2279 . RESULTS: Stable @entity7 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells were isolated and designated V12 cells. When implanted into the @entity95 cornea, V12 cells elicited a strong directional outgrowth of capillaries. The growth rate of V12 cells in vitro was indistinguishable from that of MCF-7 wild-type cells. V12 cells formed faster growing @entity5 than did wild-type cells (P < .01) when xenografted subcutaneously into @entity19 with either 3T3 fibroblasts or MDA-435S cells. @entity5 formed from V12 cells were more vascular (P < .01) and showed a heterogeneous distribution of vessels when compared with the homogeneous distribution seen in @entity5 formed from wild-type cells. @entity7 overexpression had no effect on hormone dependence or @entity440 sensitivity of @entity5 formation by MCF-7 cells in @entity19 . No macroscopic evidence for @entity3 from subcutaneous implants was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 expression by @entity0 cells confers a growth advantage in vivo but not in vitro. @entity5 formed by V12 transfectants were more vascular than those formed by wild-type MCF-7 cells, and we surmise that the growth advantage arises from @entity5 vascularization induced by @entity7 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity5 formation by V12 cells could provide a useful model for the assessment of anti-angiogenic drugs.

title: Enhancement of @entity5 growth and vascular density by transfection of vascular endothelial cell growth factor into MCF-7 XXXX @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity6640 laser peripheral iridoplasty (LPIP) for Chinese @entity1 with primary angle closure (PAC) or primary @entity2747 (PACG) status post laser iridotomy in reversing the positive results of the dark room provocative test (DRPT). METHODS: This study was prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Thirty-three @entity1 (thirty-eight eyes) with PAC or PACG status post patent laser iridotomy and maintained normal intraocular pressure (IOP) but with positive DRPT results were enrolled. All the subjects were treated with @entity6640 LPIP. DRPT was repeated after @entity6640 LPIP. Results of DRPT were recorded. The visual acuity, IOP and gonioscopy were analyzed before and after @entity6640 LPIP. A minimum time limit for follow-up was 6mo. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 (thirty-eight eyes) were followed for 17.7  8.37mo (range 7-41mo) after LPIP. Positive results of DRPT decreased from 38 eyes to 9 eyes (23.7%) after LPIP. @entity2194 (89.5%) remained unchanged at dynamic gonioscopy throughout the follow-up period after LPIP. CONCLUSION: LPIP decreased positive rates of the DRPT significantly. The mechanism may be that LPIP minimized contact between the peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork, which is a key factor for developing @entity1897 .

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of laser peripheral iridoplasty in reversing the darkroom provocative test result in Chinese XXXX with primary angle closure status post laser iridotomy.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral anterior synechiae of angle in 34 of 38 eyes']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral anterior synechiae']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The gene encoding proglucagon is expressed predominantly in the pancreas and intestine. The physiological importance of glucagon secreted from the islets of Langerhans has engendered considerable interest in the molecular control of proglucagon gene transcription in the endocrine pancreas. In contrast, little is known about the molecular control of proglucagon gene expression in the intestine. The recent demonstration that @entity20647 ( @entity20647 ) secreted from the intestine is a potent regulator of insulin secretion and @entity413 homeostasis has stimulated renewed interest in the factors that control @entity20647 synthesis in the intestinal L-cell. To develop a model for the analysis of intestinal proglucagon gene expression, we have targeted expression of a proglucagon gene- @entity2235 large T-antigen fusion gene to enteroendocrine cells in @entity19 . These @entity19 develop @entity4056 that were used to derive a novel cell line, designated GLUTag, that expresses the proglucagon gene and secretes immunoreactive @entity20647 in vitro. GLUTag cells demonstrate morphological characteristics of enteroendocrine cells by electron microscopy and are plurihormonal, as shown by immunocytochemistry and RNA analyses. GLUTag cells express the proglucagon and cholecystokinin genes, consistent with the pattern of lineage-specific enteroendocrine differentiation described for @entity19 intestine. Proglucagon gene expression was induced by activators of the protein kinase-A pathway, and a combination of messenger RNA half-life and nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that the protein kinase-A-induction is mediated by an increase in proglucagon gene transcription. In contrast, activators of protein kinase-C stimulated secretion, but not biosynthesis of the PGDPs in GLUTag cell cultures. Analysis of proglucagon processing in GLUTag cells demonstrated the liberation of glucagon, oxyntomodulin, @entity54218 , and multiple forms of @entity20647 . These observations provide evidence for the direct induction of proglucagon gene transcription by a @entity268 -dependent pathway and suggest that the GLUTag cell line represents a useful model for the analysis of the molecular determinants of enteroendocrine gene expression.

title: Activation of proglucagon gene transcription by protein kinase-A in a novel XXXX enteroendocrine cell line.

entities_list: @entity54218 :: ('MESH:D053771', 'Chemical') :: ['glicentin']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity157 is a @entity5 with high mortality. Adequate oncological therapy is essential to modify the poor prognosis. Transcatheter @entity432 has been proposed as a useful and well-tolerated treatment for unresectable @entity189 . In the study 51 @entity1 with unresectable @entity189 (mean age 61.6, range 45-81, @entity1 -Pugh A = 34 @entity1 , @entity1 -B = 13, @entity1 -C = 4; Okuda I = 33 @entity1 , Okuda II = 18) underwent chemoembolisation. A total of 122 procedure were performed, with a median number of 2.4 (range 1-6) per @entity1 . One and two year survivals are 91% and 74% respectively ( @entity1 -A: 100% and 82%; @entity1 -B: 100% and 63%; @entity1 -C 0% at 1 year). The difference among the 3 groups is statistically significant (p = 0.001). Median overall survival is 20 months, with 22, 20 and 6 month in @entity1 -A, B and C @entity1 respectively (p = 0.006). Commonly reported side effects and biochemical changes included: fever, @entity158 and increased serum amylase, transaminase levels. One @entity1 developed a @entity5572 and died of @entity1578 . In addition, in 18 @entity1 (35%) mild to severe changes in @entity413 metabolism were also observed. Mild @entity4854 was observed in 14 @entity1 , with severe derangement in 4 @entity1 (8%). It is suggested that careful evaluation of @entity413 metabolism is advisable in @entity1 being considered for chemoembolisation. Their results confirm the usefulness of chemoembolisation in @entity1 -A and B @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 .

title: [Local transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the palliative treatment of inoperable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial chemoembolisation']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity16126 normally causes mucous and @entity294 stool as predominant symptoms, thus leading to a course of @entity1960 . However, though rare, there exists a fulminating type that causes @entity24887 due to wide @entity39 of the large intestine. We encountered a case of @entity16126 that lead to death due to multiple large @entity24887 . The @entity1 was a 72-year-old female. The @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of @entity221 , @entity490 , and @entity294 . She continued to have a @entity221 of over 38 degrees C and increased left @entity490 . An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed free gas on the abdominal side of the kidney. Therefore, gastrointestinal perforations were diagnosed and surgery was performed. In surgery, many perforated parts were observed from the appendix to the descending colon, and subtotal colectomy was performed. However, @entity295 and disseminated @entity5642 occurred, and the @entity1 died on the eighth postoperative day.

title: A case of @entity16126 with multiple large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity16126 :: ('MESH:D004404', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant amebic colitis', 'Amebic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity24887 :: ('MESH:D007416', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal perforations']

answer: @entity24887 :: (MESH:D007416,Disease) :: ['intestinal perforations']


abstract: @entity16126 normally causes mucous and @entity294 stool as predominant symptoms, thus leading to a course of @entity1960 . However, though rare, there exists a fulminating type that causes @entity24887 due to wide @entity39 of the large intestine. We encountered a case of @entity16126 that lead to death due to multiple large @entity24887 . The @entity1 was a 72-year-old female. The @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of @entity221 , @entity490 , and @entity294 . She continued to have a @entity221 of over 38 degrees C and increased left @entity490 . An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed free gas on the abdominal side of the kidney. Therefore, gastrointestinal perforations were diagnosed and surgery was performed. In surgery, many perforated parts were observed from the appendix to the descending colon, and subtotal colectomy was performed. However, @entity295 and disseminated @entity5642 occurred, and the @entity1 died on the eighth postoperative day.

title: A case of XXXX with multiple large @entity24887 .

answer: @entity16126 :: (MESH:D004404,Disease) :: ['fulminant amebic colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity3003 and @entity1732 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity137 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were given treatment with @entity900 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with @entity3003 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity1732 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity1 with no @entity5 response after 3 cycles of @entity3003 and @entity1732 were crossed-over to receive @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity3003 - @entity1732 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 , no cases of grade 4 @entity3028 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity882 developed in only three @entity1 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity1 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity3003 - @entity1732 . None of the 11 @entity1 crossed-over to @entity900 and @entity1487 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity3003 and @entity1732 is well tolerated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were also resistant to the @entity900 and @entity1487 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity3003 and continuous infusion @entity1732 followed by XXXX and @entity1487 in recurrent @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity3003 and @entity1732 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity137 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were given treatment with @entity900 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with @entity3003 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity1732 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity1 with no @entity5 response after 3 cycles of @entity3003 and @entity1732 were crossed-over to receive @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity3003 - @entity1732 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 , no cases of grade 4 @entity3028 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity882 developed in only three @entity1 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity1 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity3003 - @entity1732 . None of the 11 @entity1 crossed-over to @entity900 and @entity1487 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity3003 and @entity1732 is well tolerated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were also resistant to the @entity900 and @entity1487 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity3003 and continuous infusion @entity1732 followed by @entity900 and @entity1487 in recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity3003 and @entity1732 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity137 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were given treatment with @entity900 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with @entity3003 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity1732 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity1 with no @entity5 response after 3 cycles of @entity3003 and @entity1732 were crossed-over to receive @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity3003 - @entity1732 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 , no cases of grade 4 @entity3028 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity882 developed in only three @entity1 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity1 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity3003 - @entity1732 . None of the 11 @entity1 crossed-over to @entity900 and @entity1487 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity3003 and @entity1732 is well tolerated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were also resistant to the @entity900 and @entity1487 regimen.

title: Phase II study of XXXX and continuous infusion @entity1732 followed by @entity900 and @entity1487 in recurrent @entity135 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity3003 and @entity1732 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity137 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were given treatment with @entity900 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with @entity3003 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity1732 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity1 with no @entity5 response after 3 cycles of @entity3003 and @entity1732 were crossed-over to receive @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity3003 - @entity1732 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 , no cases of grade 4 @entity3028 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity882 developed in only three @entity1 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity1 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity3003 - @entity1732 . None of the 11 @entity1 crossed-over to @entity900 and @entity1487 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity3003 and @entity1732 is well tolerated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were also resistant to the @entity900 and @entity1487 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity3003 and continuous infusion @entity1732 followed by @entity900 and XXXX in recurrent @entity135 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity3003 and @entity1732 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity137 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were given treatment with @entity900 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with @entity3003 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity1732 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity1 with no @entity5 response after 3 cycles of @entity3003 and @entity1732 were crossed-over to receive @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity3003 - @entity1732 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 , no cases of grade 4 @entity3028 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity882 developed in only three @entity1 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity1 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity3003 - @entity1732 . None of the 11 @entity1 crossed-over to @entity900 and @entity1487 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity3003 and @entity1732 is well tolerated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity1 who did not respond to @entity3003 and @entity1732 were also resistant to the @entity900 and @entity1487 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity3003 and continuous infusion XXXX followed by @entity900 and @entity1487 in recurrent @entity135 .

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: The putative effects of @entity6 and metabolic control on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) remain controversial. In the present study, serum levels of @entity442 and @entity5100 and @entity12068 were measured in 58 @entity1 (age, 0.8-17 yr) with treated (51 subjects) or untreated (7 subjects) @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and were compared with the levels in normal subjects. In the untreated @entity1 @entity442 and @entity5100 were decreased as compared with the healthy controls. In the treated diabetics @entity442 and @entity5100 were reduced; @entity10513 (only in prepubertal subjects) and @entity2301 were increased. Furthermore, age-adjusted values of @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 were lower in prepubertal than in pubertal @entity1 . Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (Hb)A1c and standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ) of @entity442 and a positive association between HbA1c and IGFBP-1 @entity214 or @entity10513 @entity214 . In the treated @entity1 HbA1c was positively related to IGFBP-1 @entity214 and @entity10513 @entity214 when applying simple regression analysis and to @entity10513 @entity214 when using a multiple regression model. Strong correlations were observed between height @entity214 and @entity442 @entity214 , @entity5100 @entity214 , and @entity2301 @entity214 in prepubertal subjects who had had @entity1723 for at least 2 yr, but not in adolescents. Such correlations have also been found in healthy @entity1 and adolescents. In conclusion; 1) @entity1723 is associated with alterations of the IGF-IGFBP system, which are partially accounted for by differences in metabolic control and pubertal status; 2) the lower plasma concentrations of serum @entity442 may play a role in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of poorly controlled prepubertal, but not pubertal, @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1723 ; and 3) in addition, a potential role of the altered IGF-IGFBP system for the development of @entity6 late complications is hypothesized.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and @entity12068 in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX : correlation with metabolic control and height attainment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The putative effects of @entity6 and metabolic control on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) remain controversial. In the present study, serum levels of @entity442 and @entity5100 and @entity12068 were measured in 58 @entity1 (age, 0.8-17 yr) with treated (51 subjects) or untreated (7 subjects) @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and were compared with the levels in normal subjects. In the untreated @entity1 @entity442 and @entity5100 were decreased as compared with the healthy controls. In the treated diabetics @entity442 and @entity5100 were reduced; @entity10513 (only in prepubertal subjects) and @entity2301 were increased. Furthermore, age-adjusted values of @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 were lower in prepubertal than in pubertal @entity1 . Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (Hb)A1c and standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ) of @entity442 and a positive association between HbA1c and IGFBP-1 @entity214 or @entity10513 @entity214 . In the treated @entity1 HbA1c was positively related to IGFBP-1 @entity214 and @entity10513 @entity214 when applying simple regression analysis and to @entity10513 @entity214 when using a multiple regression model. Strong correlations were observed between height @entity214 and @entity442 @entity214 , @entity5100 @entity214 , and @entity2301 @entity214 in prepubertal subjects who had had @entity1723 for at least 2 yr, but not in adolescents. Such correlations have also been found in healthy @entity1 and adolescents. In conclusion; 1) @entity1723 is associated with alterations of the IGF-IGFBP system, which are partially accounted for by differences in metabolic control and pubertal status; 2) the lower plasma concentrations of serum @entity442 may play a role in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of poorly controlled prepubertal, but not pubertal, @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1723 ; and 3) in addition, a potential role of the altered IGF-IGFBP system for the development of @entity6 late complications is hypothesized.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 : correlation with metabolic control and height attainment.

answer: @entity12068 :: (3484;3485;3486,Gene) :: ['IGF-binding proteins-1, -2, and -3']


abstract: The putative effects of @entity6 and metabolic control on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) remain controversial. In the present study, serum levels of @entity442 and @entity5100 and @entity12068 were measured in 58 @entity1 (age, 0.8-17 yr) with treated (51 subjects) or untreated (7 subjects) @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and were compared with the levels in normal subjects. In the untreated @entity1 @entity442 and @entity5100 were decreased as compared with the healthy controls. In the treated diabetics @entity442 and @entity5100 were reduced; @entity10513 (only in prepubertal subjects) and @entity2301 were increased. Furthermore, age-adjusted values of @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 were lower in prepubertal than in pubertal @entity1 . Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (Hb)A1c and standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ) of @entity442 and a positive association between HbA1c and IGFBP-1 @entity214 or @entity10513 @entity214 . In the treated @entity1 HbA1c was positively related to IGFBP-1 @entity214 and @entity10513 @entity214 when applying simple regression analysis and to @entity10513 @entity214 when using a multiple regression model. Strong correlations were observed between height @entity214 and @entity442 @entity214 , @entity5100 @entity214 , and @entity2301 @entity214 in prepubertal subjects who had had @entity1723 for at least 2 yr, but not in adolescents. Such correlations have also been found in healthy @entity1 and adolescents. In conclusion; 1) @entity1723 is associated with alterations of the IGF-IGFBP system, which are partially accounted for by differences in metabolic control and pubertal status; 2) the lower plasma concentrations of serum @entity442 may play a role in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of poorly controlled prepubertal, but not pubertal, @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1723 ; and 3) in addition, a potential role of the altered IGF-IGFBP system for the development of @entity6 late complications is hypothesized.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and @entity12068 in XXXX and adolescents with @entity6 : correlation with metabolic control and height attainment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity548 and high grade fever on Aug, 1992. Physical examination revealed a @entity5 in the nasopharyngeal cavity, generalized skin eruptions and three @entity5 on different subcutaneous lesions, @entity381 2 cm below the costal margin, and the enlargement of the right cervical and axillary lymph nodes. Biopsy of the nasopharyngeal and cutaneous @entity5 disclosed @entity1893 (WF: Diffuse small cleaved). Peripheral blood examination showed a WBC of 4,800/microliters with 10% blastoid cells. Bone marrow examination showed 60% blastoid cells which frequently appeared a hand mirror configuration had no azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Flow cytometic analysis of these cells in the bone marrow showed that they expressed @entity2940 (NKH-1) and Ia but not expressed T-cell antigens as well as B-cell antigens and myeloid cell antigens. Phenotype of subcutaneous @entity5 biopsy cells was similar to that of blastoid cells in the bone marrow. T-cell receptor gene ( @entity11112 and gamma) rearrangements in blastoid cells were not found. The @entity1 was treated with local radiotherapy to nasopharyngeal and @entity1489 , followed by chemotherapy. The @entity1 died of complication with @entity548 due to DIC. These results suggested that this @entity706 derived from NK cell.

title: [Primary XXXX with CD3- and @entity2940 + phenotype].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['nasal hemorrhage', 'pulmonary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal lymphoma']


abstract: A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity548 and high grade fever on Aug, 1992. Physical examination revealed a @entity5 in the nasopharyngeal cavity, generalized skin eruptions and three @entity5 on different subcutaneous lesions, @entity381 2 cm below the costal margin, and the enlargement of the right cervical and axillary lymph nodes. Biopsy of the nasopharyngeal and cutaneous @entity5 disclosed @entity1893 (WF: Diffuse small cleaved). Peripheral blood examination showed a WBC of 4,800/microliters with 10% blastoid cells. Bone marrow examination showed 60% blastoid cells which frequently appeared a hand mirror configuration had no azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Flow cytometic analysis of these cells in the bone marrow showed that they expressed @entity2940 (NKH-1) and Ia but not expressed T-cell antigens as well as B-cell antigens and myeloid cell antigens. Phenotype of subcutaneous @entity5 biopsy cells was similar to that of blastoid cells in the bone marrow. T-cell receptor gene ( @entity11112 and gamma) rearrangements in blastoid cells were not found. The @entity1 was treated with local radiotherapy to nasopharyngeal and @entity1489 , followed by chemotherapy. The @entity1 died of complication with @entity548 due to DIC. These results suggested that this @entity706 derived from NK cell.

title: [Primary @entity706 with CD3- and XXXX + phenotype].

answer: @entity2940 :: (4684,Gene) :: ['CD56']


abstract: The distribution of @entity842 synthase immunoreactivity (NOS-IR) and the changes in this distribution after peripheral axotomy were examined in lumbosacral afferent and preganglionic neurons (PGNs) innervating the pelvic viscera of the male @entity35 . The visceral neurons in L6-S1 and L1-L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in the spinal cord were identified by retrograde axonal transport following injection of Fluorogold (FG) into the major @entity530 (MPG). Axotomy was performed by removing the MPG on one side 2-4 weeks prior to sacrificing the animals. A differential distribution of NOS-IR was detected in DRG cells at different segmental levels of control animals. Significantly greater numbers of NOS-IR cells were present in thoracic (T8, T10, T12; 30-44 cell profiles/section) and rostral lumbar DRGs (L1-L2; 3-15 NOS-IR cell profiles/section) compared to caudal lumbosacral (L5-S1) DRGs (0.2-0.7 cell profiles/section). A significant increase in the number of NOS-IR cells was detected in the L6-S1 DRG (p < or = 0.001; 11 NOS-IR cell profiles/section) but not in the L2 or L5 DRG ipsilateral to axotomy. In these ganglia, an average of 37.0 +/- 4.0% (L6) and 20.6 +/- 2.2% (S1), respectively, of FG-labeled pelvic afferent neurons were NOS-IR compared to 1.1 +/- 0.5% (L6) and 2.5 +/- 1.4% (S1) contralateral to the axotomy. Following axotomy, a significantly greater percentage of dye-labeled pelvic visceral afferents in the L1 and L2 DRG also exhibited NOS-IR in comparison to the contralateral side. Following axotomy, NOS-IR fibers were detected along the lateral edge of the dorsal horn extending from Lissauer's tract to the region of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) on the ipsilateral side of the L6 and S1 spinal segments. These NOS-IR fibers were not detected in adjacent spinal segments (L4, L5, or S2). Axotomy also changed the numbers of @entity1110 -d-positive and NOS-IR cells in the region of the SPN in the L6 spinal segment. Contralateral to the axotomy 38.3 +/- 4.0% of PGNs in the L6 spinal segment were colabeled with NOS-IR; however, ipsilateral to axotomy, a significantly greater percentage (61.0 +/- 3.0%; p < or = 0.01) of PGNs exhibited NOS-IR. Axotomy did not alter the distribution of PGNs in the S1 segment exhibiting NOS-IR. These results indicate that NOS-IR in visceral afferent and PGNs is plastic and can be upregulated by @entity1897 .

title: Increased expression of neuronal XXXX synthase (NOS) in visceral neurons after nerve injury.

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Textile @entity566 is a well-established entity, but there are relatively few Australian reports in this area. OBJECTIVES: To report the combined experience of textile contact @entity1909 from the general and occupational contact @entity1909 clinics at the Skin and Cancer Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. @entity1 /METHODS: On the basis of the clinical suspicion of @entity566 , 2069 @entity1 were tested with a textile series. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-seven (7.6%) @entity1 reacted to any of the textile-related allergens. The most common allergen was Basic Red 46 (20.2% of the positive reactions), followed by @entity7497 and @entity7498 (11.8% and 11.2%, respectively). Reactions to @entity406 and @entity406 -releasing chemicals accounted for 30.6% of the concomitant reactions, and reactions to @entity7227 accounted for 12.6% of the concomitant reactions. The use of Disperse Blue mix yielded only 12.2% of @entity1 sensitive to either of these two allergens, and it is not endorsed as a screening agent for textile dye @entity566 . CONCLUSION: Textile @entity566 is not uncommon. In Melbourne, Basic Red 46 in inexpensive, dark-coloured, acrylic-blend, @entity1 's work socks is the most important cause. It is important to test with samples of @entity1 ' clothing.

title: Textile XXXX --the Melbourne experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7497 :: ('MESH:C049175', 'Chemical') :: ['Disperse Blue 106']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['textile allergy', 'allergy']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['p-phenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity7498 :: ('MESH:C069319', 'Chemical') :: ['Disperse Blue 124']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: AIMS: To characterize the frequency and the nature (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic) of hypoglycaemia in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. METHODS: A group of 19 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 with normal hypoglycaemia awareness were matched for age, sex, duration of @entity6 and glycaemic control with 19 @entity1 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. Frequency of severe hypoglycaemia in the preceding year was estimated retrospectively. Capillary blood @entity413 was monitored prospectively four times daily, over a 4-week period. All blood @entity413 values < 3 mmol/l were recorded and classified by symptom response. RESULTS: The @entity1 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia exhibited twice the frequency of all episodes of hypoglycaemia over the 4-week monitoring period than those with normal awareness (mean   sd 7.9    5.4 vs. 3.7    3.6, P =   0.003). No differences between the two subgroups were observed in the total number of symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes (4.2    3.3 vs. 3.2    3.4, P = 0.25). The group with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia had a sevenfold higher incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness (3.7    5.3 vs. 0.5    1.2, P = 0.001); these episodes comprised 47% of all @entity413 values < 3.0 mmol/l in this group, compared with 14% in the normal awareness group. The annual prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia for @entity1 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia was 53% compared with 5% for @entity1 with normal awareness, and these @entity1 had a significantly higher incidence of severe events (1.6    2.8 vs. 0.1    0.3, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity164 1 @entity6 who have impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia are exposed to a much higher incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness and are at higher risk of developing severe hypoglycaemia.

title: Frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in XXXX 1 @entity6 : effect of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: AIMS: To characterize the frequency and the nature (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic) of hypoglycaemia in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. METHODS: A group of 19 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 with normal hypoglycaemia awareness were matched for age, sex, duration of @entity6 and glycaemic control with 19 @entity1 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. Frequency of severe hypoglycaemia in the preceding year was estimated retrospectively. Capillary blood @entity413 was monitored prospectively four times daily, over a 4-week period. All blood @entity413 values < 3 mmol/l were recorded and classified by symptom response. RESULTS: The @entity1 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia exhibited twice the frequency of all episodes of hypoglycaemia over the 4-week monitoring period than those with normal awareness (mean   sd 7.9    5.4 vs. 3.7    3.6, P =   0.003). No differences between the two subgroups were observed in the total number of symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes (4.2    3.3 vs. 3.2    3.4, P = 0.25). The group with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia had a sevenfold higher incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness (3.7    5.3 vs. 0.5    1.2, P = 0.001); these episodes comprised 47% of all @entity413 values < 3.0 mmol/l in this group, compared with 14% in the normal awareness group. The annual prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia for @entity1 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia was 53% compared with 5% for @entity1 with normal awareness, and these @entity1 had a significantly higher incidence of severe events (1.6    2.8 vs. 0.1    0.3, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity164 1 @entity6 who have impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia are exposed to a much higher incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness and are at higher risk of developing severe hypoglycaemia.

title: Frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in @entity164 1 XXXX : effect of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Commonly used procedures for reconstructing hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defects resulting from total laryngopharyngectomy (TL) are the gastric conduit or colon transposition as well as microvascularized free flaps. Herein we designed an alternative procedure utilizing bilateral platysma myocutaneous flaps (PMCFs) for the reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defects. This report summarizes the technical description of this procedure. TL and cervical esophagectomy were performed and bilateral PMCFs were harvested for reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defects in 25 @entity1 aged between 46 and 73 years (mean 58.7    16.2 years). All these @entity1 had @entity5 with involvement of the cervical esophagus. Operative time ranged from 176 to 382 minutes (average 243    91 minutes) and the mean intraoperative @entity190 was 294    119mL. There were six cases of @entity834 (24.0%) and two of them (8.0%) developed anastomotic stricture. Neither flap @entity39 nor postoperative death was observed. The majority of our @entity1 (68.0%) were restored to a normal unrestricted oral diet after surgery. The 3-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates were approximately 54.7% and 26.1%, respectively. We conclude that reconstruction of the cervical esophagus with bilateral PMCFs is a valuable method for treating advanced @entity189 .

title: Reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defect after resection of XXXX : a new technique based on the use of bilateral platysma myocutaneous flaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage (IV) cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Target tissues for @entity134 hormones are responsive by virtue of and to the extent of their content of functional intracellular receptors. Recent years have seen a shift in considerations of the cellular dynamics and distribution of these receptors, with current views favoring predominant intranuclear localization in the intact cell. This paper summarizes our analyses of the microsomal @entity172 and @entity342 binding capability of @entity35 uterine and ventral prostate tissue, respectively; these studies have revealed a set of high affinity sites that may act as a conduit for @entity172 traversing the cell en route to the nucleus. These sites have many properties in common with cytosolic receptors, with the salient difference of a failure to activate to a more avid DNA-binding form under conditions which permit such activation of cytosolic receptors. The microsomal @entity172 -binding proteins also have appreciable affinity for @entity1420 , another distinction from other known cellular @entity172 receptor species. Various experimental approaches were employed to demonstrate that the microsomal receptors were not simply cytosol contaminants; the most convincing evidence is the recent successful separation of the cytosolic and microsomal forms by differential @entity1329 precipitation. Discrete subfractionation of subcellular components on successive @entity969 gradients, with simultaneous assessments of binding capability and marker enzyme concentrations, indicates that the major portion of the binding is localized within the vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum free of significant plasma membrane contamination. The microsomal receptors are readily solubilized by extraction with high- or low-salt-containing buffers or with @entity134 . The residual microsomes following such extraction have the characteristics of saturable acceptor sites for cytosolic @entity172 -receptor complexes. The extent to which these sites will accept the cytosolic complexes is equal to the concentration of microsomal binding sites extracted. These observations suggest three possible roles for the microsomal receptor-like proteins: (a) modulation of @entity172 access to nuclear binding sites; (b) formation of functional complexes which diffuse to other extranuclear sites to alter non-genomic cellular processes; (c) regulation of nuclear concentration of @entity172 -receptor complexes by virtue of producing microsomal acceptor sites for uptake of free or loosely associated nuclear complexes, previously thought to exist in the cytoplasm.

title: Microsomal receptor for XXXX hormones: functional implications for nuclear activity.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and @entity137 between combination of @entity136 and @entity900 (GC) and combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 (VC) in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 were enrolled into the study, with 32 @entity1 in GC group and 35 in VC group. @entity1 ' characteristics were similar between the two groups. They were given gemcitabine 1 000-1 250 mg/m  , or @entity1206 25 mg/m   on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 80-100 mg/m   on days 1-3. The chemotherapy was repeated every 3 weeks as a cycle. RESULTS: An objective response rate of 37.5% was observed in GC arm versus 34.3% in VC arm (P=0.59). The 1-year survival rate was 38.7% in GC compared to 34.3% in VC (P=0.48). The median survival duration was 9.5 months for GC arm and 8.6 months for VC arm. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1431 was significantly higher in the VC group than that in DC group (P=0.01), while grade III/IV @entity882 occurred more frequently in the GC group than that in VC group (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The GC combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the VC combination in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: [ @entity136 plus XXXX versus @entity1206 plus @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['navelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['grade III/IV leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and @entity137 between combination of @entity136 and @entity900 (GC) and combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 (VC) in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 were enrolled into the study, with 32 @entity1 in GC group and 35 in VC group. @entity1 ' characteristics were similar between the two groups. They were given gemcitabine 1 000-1 250 mg/m  , or @entity1206 25 mg/m   on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 80-100 mg/m   on days 1-3. The chemotherapy was repeated every 3 weeks as a cycle. RESULTS: An objective response rate of 37.5% was observed in GC arm versus 34.3% in VC arm (P=0.59). The 1-year survival rate was 38.7% in GC compared to 34.3% in VC (P=0.48). The median survival duration was 9.5 months for GC arm and 8.6 months for VC arm. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1431 was significantly higher in the VC group than that in DC group (P=0.01), while grade III/IV @entity882 occurred more frequently in the GC group than that in VC group (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The GC combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the VC combination in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: [ @entity136 plus @entity900 versus @entity1206 plus XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and @entity137 between combination of @entity136 and @entity900 (GC) and combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 (VC) in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 were enrolled into the study, with 32 @entity1 in GC group and 35 in VC group. @entity1 ' characteristics were similar between the two groups. They were given gemcitabine 1 000-1 250 mg/m  , or @entity1206 25 mg/m   on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 80-100 mg/m   on days 1-3. The chemotherapy was repeated every 3 weeks as a cycle. RESULTS: An objective response rate of 37.5% was observed in GC arm versus 34.3% in VC arm (P=0.59). The 1-year survival rate was 38.7% in GC compared to 34.3% in VC (P=0.48). The median survival duration was 9.5 months for GC arm and 8.6 months for VC arm. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1431 was significantly higher in the VC group than that in DC group (P=0.01), while grade III/IV @entity882 occurred more frequently in the GC group than that in VC group (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The GC combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the VC combination in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: [ @entity136 plus @entity900 versus @entity1206 plus @entity900 in the treatment of advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and @entity137 between combination of @entity136 and @entity900 (GC) and combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 (VC) in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 were enrolled into the study, with 32 @entity1 in GC group and 35 in VC group. @entity1 ' characteristics were similar between the two groups. They were given gemcitabine 1 000-1 250 mg/m  , or @entity1206 25 mg/m   on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 80-100 mg/m   on days 1-3. The chemotherapy was repeated every 3 weeks as a cycle. RESULTS: An objective response rate of 37.5% was observed in GC arm versus 34.3% in VC arm (P=0.59). The 1-year survival rate was 38.7% in GC compared to 34.3% in VC (P=0.48). The median survival duration was 9.5 months for GC arm and 8.6 months for VC arm. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1431 was significantly higher in the VC group than that in DC group (P=0.01), while grade III/IV @entity882 occurred more frequently in the GC group than that in VC group (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The GC combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the VC combination in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: [ @entity136 plus @entity900 versus XXXX plus @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['navelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and @entity137 between combination of @entity136 and @entity900 (GC) and combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 (VC) in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 were enrolled into the study, with 32 @entity1 in GC group and 35 in VC group. @entity1 ' characteristics were similar between the two groups. They were given gemcitabine 1 000-1 250 mg/m  , or @entity1206 25 mg/m   on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 80-100 mg/m   on days 1-3. The chemotherapy was repeated every 3 weeks as a cycle. RESULTS: An objective response rate of 37.5% was observed in GC arm versus 34.3% in VC arm (P=0.59). The 1-year survival rate was 38.7% in GC compared to 34.3% in VC (P=0.48). The median survival duration was 9.5 months for GC arm and 8.6 months for VC arm. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1431 was significantly higher in the VC group than that in DC group (P=0.01), while grade III/IV @entity882 occurred more frequently in the GC group than that in VC group (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The GC combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the VC combination in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: [ XXXX plus @entity900 versus @entity1206 plus @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: Soccer is a game that demands a combination of repeated maximal sprinting wit with 10 to 11km of moderate running, sometimes performed under extremely warm conditions. Over the course of a match, there is partial to near complete depletion of glycogen reserves in the leg muscles (depending on the extent of initial reserves and the level of competition), with a resultant decrease in physical performance. Blood @entity413 levels also fall, sometimes to values likely to cause a deterioration of both tactical thinking and cooperation between players (3.0 to 3.8 mmol/L), while in tropical climates, fluid losses can amount to 4 to 5kg of bodyweight. The effectiveness of @entity413 solutions in correcting these problems is limited for 2 main reasons: concentrations greater than 2.5% slow the rate of gastric emptying and thus fluid absorption, while provoking a secretion of @entity2690 with a resultant hypoglycaemia. @entity948 solutions are less liable to increase @entity2690 secretion, but they have an equal propensity for slowing gastric emptying; moreover, the ingested @entity948 is largely metabolised in the liver, without boosting blood @entity413 . However, @entity413 polymer preparations have a low osmotic pressure per unit content of @entity413 equivalent, so that substantial amounts of @entity1735 can be administered in this fashion before gastric emptying is inhibited. If polymers are given before and during a soccer game, they sustain blood @entity413 , sparing muscle glycogen stores and increasing game performance. If the concentration of polymer is too high, one possible complication is a movement of water from the plasma into the gut; nevertheless, with an appropriate choice of concentration (for example, 7% polycose, 360 mOsm/L, plasma volume is increased rather than decreased relative to that seen with administration of water. Probably because the intergame interval for competitive soccer players is short, replenishment of glycogen reserves proceeds quite slowly. Moreover, this process does not seem to be helped by ingestion of either @entity413 polymers or a high @entity1735 diet.

title: XXXX and fluid needs of the soccer player.

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose', 'Fructose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: Accelerated allograft @entity4288 (chronic rejection) has emerged as a major factor affecting long-term survival of @entity1 cardiac allografts. The underlying mechanism of this disorder remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity205 on the development of @entity299 at the cellular and molecular level. Heterotopic @entity35 cardiac allografts from DA donors to WF recipients, with a strong genetic disparity in major histocompatibility complex and non-major histocompatibility complex loci, were used. The allograft recipients received triple-drug immunosuppression consisting of @entity1667 (0.5 mg/kg/day), @entity500 (2 mg/kg/day), and three different doses of @entity205 ( @entity870 ; 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day). The grafts were removed 3 months after transplantation and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Low dose @entity870 (5 mg/kg/day) was associated with a severe form of intimal cell accumulation and intimal thickening in epicardial arteries and in smaller intramyocardial arterioles with nearly occluded vessel lumens 3 months after transplantation. The intermediate dose @entity870 (10 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited arterial intimal thickening but was not efficient in reducing intimal cell accumulation. Instead, high dose @entity870 (20 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited all arteriosclerotic vascular wall changes in the allografts. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the occluded epicardial arteries of cardiac allografts with low dose @entity870 expressed @entity297 on the endothelium. Higher @entity870 doses significantly reduced the expression of endothelial @entity297 . Neither @entity1590 nor major histocompatibility complex class II were expressed. Perivascular arterial infiltrates consisting of T helper cells and monocytes/macrophages were a characteristic finding in the allograft with low dose @entity870 . In the allografts treated with higher doses of @entity870 , arterial perivascular infiltrates were seldom seen. Our results conclusively demonstrate that sufficient immunosuppression with @entity870 inhibits intimal thickening and intimal cell accumulation of long-surviving @entity35 cardiac allografts in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity1294 alterations associated with increased expression of arterial endothelial @entity297 were totally down-regulated by high doses of @entity870 .

title: How XXXX modifies histological and molecular events in the vascular wall during chronic rejection of @entity35 cardiac allografts.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Accelerated allograft @entity4288 (chronic rejection) has emerged as a major factor affecting long-term survival of @entity1 cardiac allografts. The underlying mechanism of this disorder remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity205 on the development of @entity299 at the cellular and molecular level. Heterotopic @entity35 cardiac allografts from DA donors to WF recipients, with a strong genetic disparity in major histocompatibility complex and non-major histocompatibility complex loci, were used. The allograft recipients received triple-drug immunosuppression consisting of @entity1667 (0.5 mg/kg/day), @entity500 (2 mg/kg/day), and three different doses of @entity205 ( @entity870 ; 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day). The grafts were removed 3 months after transplantation and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Low dose @entity870 (5 mg/kg/day) was associated with a severe form of intimal cell accumulation and intimal thickening in epicardial arteries and in smaller intramyocardial arterioles with nearly occluded vessel lumens 3 months after transplantation. The intermediate dose @entity870 (10 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited arterial intimal thickening but was not efficient in reducing intimal cell accumulation. Instead, high dose @entity870 (20 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited all arteriosclerotic vascular wall changes in the allografts. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the occluded epicardial arteries of cardiac allografts with low dose @entity870 expressed @entity297 on the endothelium. Higher @entity870 doses significantly reduced the expression of endothelial @entity297 . Neither @entity1590 nor major histocompatibility complex class II were expressed. Perivascular arterial infiltrates consisting of T helper cells and monocytes/macrophages were a characteristic finding in the allograft with low dose @entity870 . In the allografts treated with higher doses of @entity870 , arterial perivascular infiltrates were seldom seen. Our results conclusively demonstrate that sufficient immunosuppression with @entity870 inhibits intimal thickening and intimal cell accumulation of long-surviving @entity35 cardiac allografts in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity1294 alterations associated with increased expression of arterial endothelial @entity297 were totally down-regulated by high doses of @entity870 .

title: How @entity205 modifies histological and molecular events in the vascular wall during chronic rejection of XXXX cardiac allografts.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ascites is a common sequela of advanced or recurrent gynecologic @entity5 , such as @entity6887 , or endometrium. Symptomatic treatment with repeated paracentesis is the initial management after failure of chemotherapy. STUDY DESIGN: This study was done to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) in the palliation of these @entity1 with recurrent @entity843 . A retrospective review of 25 @entity1 having a PVS between 1982 and 1992 was performed. RESULTS: The 25 @entity1 consisted of 21 @entity1 with @entity43 , two with @entity189 of the peritoneum, one with @entity1204 , and one @entity1 with @entity6887 . The mean weight and abdominal girth decreased after shunt insertion (p < 0.001). @entity344 and @entity1353 also improved with PVS insertion. There was no change in mean Karnofsky score after placement of a PVS. Two @entity1 died within ten days postoperatively. The median survival period was 80 days and @entity432 occurred in four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The insertion of a PVS is effective in relieving refractory @entity5 in gynecologic @entity5 . The impact on quality of life requires further study.

title: Peritoneovenous shunt for palliation of gynecologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the endometrium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the ovary, fallopian tube', 'carcinoma of the fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['shunt occlusion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: The hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena magnifica (Bivalvia: Mollusca) is a member of the Vesicomyidae. Species within this family form symbioses with chemosynthetic Gammaproteobacteria. They exist in environments such as hydrothermal vents and cold seeps and have a rudimentary gut and feeding groove, indicating a large @entity734 on their endosymbionts for nutrition. The C. magnifica symbiont, @entity73139 , was the first intracellular @entity599 -oxidizing endosymbiont to have its genome sequenced (Newton et al. 2007). Here we expand upon the original report and provide additional details complying with the emerging MIGS/MIMS standards. The complete genome exposed the genetic blueprint of the metabolic capabilities of the symbiont. Genes which were predicted to encode the proteins required for all the metabolic pathways typical of free-living chemoautotrophs were detected in the symbiont genome. These include major pathways including @entity505 fixation, @entity599 oxidation, @entity1568 assimilation, as well as @entity535 and cofactor/vitamin biosynthesis. This genome sequence is invaluable in the study of these enigmatic associations and provides insights into the origin and evolution of autotrophic endosymbiosis.

title: Complete genome sequence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity73139 :: ('386487', 'Species') :: ['Candidatus Ruthia magnifica']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity73139 :: (386487,Species) :: ['Candidatus Ruthia magnifica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 microenvironments present significant barriers to penetration by antibodies and immunoconjugates. @entity5 microenvironments, however, are difficult to study in vitro. Cells cultured as monolayers exhibit less resistance to therapy than those grown in vivo and an alternative research model more representative of the in vivo @entity5 is more desirable. SS1P is an immunotoxin composed of the Fv portion of a mesothelin-specific antibody fused to a bacterial toxin that is presently undergoing clinical trials in @entity2615 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we examined how the @entity5 microenvironment affects the penetration and killing activity of SS1P in a new three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model cultured in vitro using the @entity1 @entity2615 cell line ( @entity1 ) and two primary cell lines isolated from the ascites of @entity3620 @entity1 . Mesothelioma cells grown as monolayers or as spheroids expressed comparable levels of mesothelin; however, spheroids were at least 100 times less affected by SS1P. To understand this disparity in @entity137 , we made fluorescence-labeled SS1P molecules and used confocal microscopy to examine the time course of SS1P penetration within spheroids. The penetration was limited after 4 hours. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the number of tight junctions in the core area of spheroids by electron microscopy. Expression of @entity5962 , a protein involved in the assembly and sealing of tight junctions and highly expressed in @entity3620 , was found significantly increased in spheroids as compared to monolayers. Moreover, we found that siRNA silencing and antibody inhibition targeting @entity5962 could enhance SS1P immunotoxin therapy in vitro. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This work is one of the first to investigate immunotoxins in 3D @entity5 spheroids in vitro. This initial description of an in vitro @entity5 model may offer a simple and more representative model of in vivo @entity5 and will allow for further investigations of the microenvironmental effects on drug penetration and @entity5 cell killing. We believe that the methods developed here may apply to the studies of other @entity5 -targeting antibodies and immunoconjugates in vitro.

title: The development and characterization of a @entity1 XXXX in vitro 3D model to investigate immunotoxin therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 microenvironments present significant barriers to penetration by antibodies and immunoconjugates. @entity5 microenvironments, however, are difficult to study in vitro. Cells cultured as monolayers exhibit less resistance to therapy than those grown in vivo and an alternative research model more representative of the in vivo @entity5 is more desirable. SS1P is an immunotoxin composed of the Fv portion of a mesothelin-specific antibody fused to a bacterial toxin that is presently undergoing clinical trials in @entity2615 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we examined how the @entity5 microenvironment affects the penetration and killing activity of SS1P in a new three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model cultured in vitro using the @entity1 @entity2615 cell line ( @entity1 ) and two primary cell lines isolated from the ascites of @entity3620 @entity1 . Mesothelioma cells grown as monolayers or as spheroids expressed comparable levels of mesothelin; however, spheroids were at least 100 times less affected by SS1P. To understand this disparity in @entity137 , we made fluorescence-labeled SS1P molecules and used confocal microscopy to examine the time course of SS1P penetration within spheroids. The penetration was limited after 4 hours. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the number of tight junctions in the core area of spheroids by electron microscopy. Expression of @entity5962 , a protein involved in the assembly and sealing of tight junctions and highly expressed in @entity3620 , was found significantly increased in spheroids as compared to monolayers. Moreover, we found that siRNA silencing and antibody inhibition targeting @entity5962 could enhance SS1P immunotoxin therapy in vitro. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This work is one of the first to investigate immunotoxins in 3D @entity5 spheroids in vitro. This initial description of an in vitro @entity5 model may offer a simple and more representative model of in vivo @entity5 and will allow for further investigations of the microenvironmental effects on drug penetration and @entity5 cell killing. We believe that the methods developed here may apply to the studies of other @entity5 -targeting antibodies and immunoconjugates in vitro.

title: The development and characterization of a XXXX @entity2615 in vitro 3D model to investigate immunotoxin therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity393 following @entity64 is common, with negative consequences for functional outcome. However, existing studies typically do not include quantitative measures of discriminative sensibility. The aim of this study was to quantify the proportion of @entity64 @entity1 presenting with discriminative sensory loss of the hand in the post-acute rehabilitation phase. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of @entity64 survivors presenting for rehabilitation. @entity1 : Fifty-one consecutive @entity1 admitted to a metropolitan rehabilitation centre over a continuous 12-month period who met selection criteria. METHODS: Quantitative measures of touch discrimination and limb position sense, with high re-test reliability, good discriminative test properties and objective criteria of abnormality, were employed. Both upper limbs were tested, in counterbalanced order. RESULTS: Impaired touch discrimination was identified in the hand contralateral to the lesion in 47% of @entity1 , and in the ipsilesional hand in 16%. Forty-nine percent showed @entity73 sense in the contralesional limb and 20% in the ipsilesional limb. Sixty-seven percent demonstrated impairment of at least one modality in the contralesional limb. Ipsilesional impairment was less severe. CONCLUSION: Discriminative sensory impairment was quantified in the contralesional hand in approximately half of @entity64 @entity1 presenting for rehabilitation. A clinically significant number also experienced @entity73 "unaffected" hand.

title: Frequency of discriminative sensory loss in the hand after XXXX in a rehabilitation setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in the ipsilesional', 'impaired limb position']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Somatosensory loss']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) knowledge and risk behaviors, and to determine factors related to condom use among male commercial sex workers (CSW) and male tourist clients in Bali, Indonesia. DESIGN: Individual survey interviews were conducted with a sample of 80 male CSW and 100 tourist clients in the Kuta area of Bali. METHODS: Survey interviews included detailed questions on @entity791 / @entity2953 knowledge, @entity146 , and psychosocial measures related to risk taking. RESULTS: Most of the male CSW had heard about @entity791 and other @entity2953 , although some misconceptions about transmission and risks of different sexual practices remained. Both oral and anal intercourse with tourists were common and condom use was far from consistent. Factors related to condom use for anal intercourse with tourist clients were condom beliefs, self efficacy, susceptibility to @entity2953 , and @entity2953 knowledge. Tourist clients were mainly from Australia and Europe and many had paid for sex in other parts of Indonesia as well as in high prevalence countries. Knowledge of @entity791 / @entity2953 was very good among the tourists and previous experience with @entity2953 was common. Factors related to condom use with male CSW were condom beliefs and self efficacy. CONCLUSION: There is a very active and mobile group of male CSW and tourist clients present in Bali. Interventions with these @entity1 are needed due to the low level of knowledge about @entity791 among CSW, their experience with @entity2953 and @entity2953 symptoms, and their level of risky @entity146 .

title: XXXX knowledge, risk behaviors, and factors related to condom use among male commercial sex workers and male tourist clients in Bali, Indonesia.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STD', 'AIDS/sexually transmitted diseases', 'STD infection']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: To avoid anticoagulation and minimize @entity1031 phenomena, between 1975 and 1980 we used 18 porcine bioprosthetic valves (BPVs) to replace 11 aortic and seven mitral valves in 17 @entity1 ranging from 7 to 18 years of age (mean, 8.2 years). Ten BPVs (91%) in the aortic position had to be replaced one to six years (mean, 4.2 years) after insertion. Nine of these valves developed severe @entity730 with leaflet immobility and severe @entity850 . The tenth valve became insufficient with a disrupted cusp. Six (86%) of seven BPVs inserted in the mitral position required replacement two to four years (mean, 3.1 years) after insertion. Massive @entity339 developed in three, while in the other three @entity4794 was prominent. All explanted BPVs exhibited @entity730 with disruption and loss of mobility of the leaflets. Hemodynamic deterioration often occurred catastrophically, with nine @entity1 requiring @entity340 . Elective valve replacement carried no hospital mortality, whereas @entity340 carried a 33% mortality. The @entity15882 failure rate of 94% within six years leads us to recommend against the use of biologic valves in the pediatric age group in the aortic or mitral position. @entity712 may occur catastrophically and replacement should be carried out early to avoid the higher operative mortality associated with emergency surgery.

title: Fate of left-sided cardiac bioprosthesis valves in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['emergency valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Bioprosthetic valve failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A double-blind controlled clinical trial on the medical treatment of the acute episode of duodenal @entity1066 and the prevention of symptomatic relapses was performed. A total of 164 @entity1 with active duodenal @entity1066 were either treated with @entity4444 1 g/day (70 @entity1 ), @entity73140 ( @entity6136 ) 1.5 g/day (64 @entity1 ) or @entity6136 2.5 g/day (30 @entity1 ). @entity6136 is an allegedly protective agent stimulating mucosal @entity3009 synthesis. Cumulative healing rates after 4 weeks in the 3 groups were 66, 28 and 28% and after 8 weeks 94, 70 and 63%, respectively. One hundred and five @entity1 with healed duodenal @entity1066 received, in a second double-blind study, either @entity6136 0.5 g/day or placebo. Thus, @entity1066 was more rapid with @entity4444 than with @entity6136 . @entity6136 did not prevent relapses. No presenting characteristic was associated with slow healing. Three presenting characteristics--smoking, teetotalling and @entity548 episode in the past--were associated with early symptomatic relapse. The present study was compared with a previous study performed by the same group of investigators using a similar study protocol. In both trials, an early relapse was associated with smoking. No other presenting characteristic was identified which in both trials was associated with slow healing or early symptomatic relapse. Thus, smoking appears to be the only one of the commonly available presenting characteristics which allows a prediction of the course of @entity4773 .

title: Presenting characteristics of @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 and outcome of medical treatment in controlled clinical trials using @entity4444 and diethylamine persilate to treat XXXX attack and diethylamine persilate and placebo to prevent relapses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity73140 :: ('MESH:C030970', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylaminepersilate']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: A double-blind controlled clinical trial on the medical treatment of the acute episode of duodenal @entity1066 and the prevention of symptomatic relapses was performed. A total of 164 @entity1 with active duodenal @entity1066 were either treated with @entity4444 1 g/day (70 @entity1 ), @entity73140 ( @entity6136 ) 1.5 g/day (64 @entity1 ) or @entity6136 2.5 g/day (30 @entity1 ). @entity6136 is an allegedly protective agent stimulating mucosal @entity3009 synthesis. Cumulative healing rates after 4 weeks in the 3 groups were 66, 28 and 28% and after 8 weeks 94, 70 and 63%, respectively. One hundred and five @entity1 with healed duodenal @entity1066 received, in a second double-blind study, either @entity6136 0.5 g/day or placebo. Thus, @entity1066 was more rapid with @entity4444 than with @entity6136 . @entity6136 did not prevent relapses. No presenting characteristic was associated with slow healing. Three presenting characteristics--smoking, teetotalling and @entity548 episode in the past--were associated with early symptomatic relapse. The present study was compared with a previous study performed by the same group of investigators using a similar study protocol. In both trials, an early relapse was associated with smoking. No other presenting characteristic was identified which in both trials was associated with slow healing or early symptomatic relapse. Thus, smoking appears to be the only one of the commonly available presenting characteristics which allows a prediction of the course of @entity4773 .

title: Presenting characteristics of @entity1 with duodenal XXXX and outcome of medical treatment in controlled clinical trials using @entity4444 and diethylamine persilate to treat @entity1066 attack and diethylamine persilate and placebo to prevent relapses.

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: A double-blind controlled clinical trial on the medical treatment of the acute episode of duodenal @entity1066 and the prevention of symptomatic relapses was performed. A total of 164 @entity1 with active duodenal @entity1066 were either treated with @entity4444 1 g/day (70 @entity1 ), @entity73140 ( @entity6136 ) 1.5 g/day (64 @entity1 ) or @entity6136 2.5 g/day (30 @entity1 ). @entity6136 is an allegedly protective agent stimulating mucosal @entity3009 synthesis. Cumulative healing rates after 4 weeks in the 3 groups were 66, 28 and 28% and after 8 weeks 94, 70 and 63%, respectively. One hundred and five @entity1 with healed duodenal @entity1066 received, in a second double-blind study, either @entity6136 0.5 g/day or placebo. Thus, @entity1066 was more rapid with @entity4444 than with @entity6136 . @entity6136 did not prevent relapses. No presenting characteristic was associated with slow healing. Three presenting characteristics--smoking, teetotalling and @entity548 episode in the past--were associated with early symptomatic relapse. The present study was compared with a previous study performed by the same group of investigators using a similar study protocol. In both trials, an early relapse was associated with smoking. No other presenting characteristic was identified which in both trials was associated with slow healing or early symptomatic relapse. Thus, smoking appears to be the only one of the commonly available presenting characteristics which allows a prediction of the course of @entity4773 .

title: Presenting characteristics of @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 and outcome of medical treatment in controlled clinical trials using XXXX and diethylamine persilate to treat @entity1066 attack and diethylamine persilate and placebo to prevent relapses.

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: A double-blind controlled clinical trial on the medical treatment of the acute episode of duodenal @entity1066 and the prevention of symptomatic relapses was performed. A total of 164 @entity1 with active duodenal @entity1066 were either treated with @entity4444 1 g/day (70 @entity1 ), @entity73140 ( @entity6136 ) 1.5 g/day (64 @entity1 ) or @entity6136 2.5 g/day (30 @entity1 ). @entity6136 is an allegedly protective agent stimulating mucosal @entity3009 synthesis. Cumulative healing rates after 4 weeks in the 3 groups were 66, 28 and 28% and after 8 weeks 94, 70 and 63%, respectively. One hundred and five @entity1 with healed duodenal @entity1066 received, in a second double-blind study, either @entity6136 0.5 g/day or placebo. Thus, @entity1066 was more rapid with @entity4444 than with @entity6136 . @entity6136 did not prevent relapses. No presenting characteristic was associated with slow healing. Three presenting characteristics--smoking, teetotalling and @entity548 episode in the past--were associated with early symptomatic relapse. The present study was compared with a previous study performed by the same group of investigators using a similar study protocol. In both trials, an early relapse was associated with smoking. No other presenting characteristic was identified which in both trials was associated with slow healing or early symptomatic relapse. Thus, smoking appears to be the only one of the commonly available presenting characteristics which allows a prediction of the course of @entity4773 .

title: Presenting characteristics of XXXX with duodenal @entity1066 and outcome of medical treatment in controlled clinical trials using @entity4444 and diethylamine persilate to treat @entity1066 attack and diethylamine persilate and placebo to prevent relapses.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']