abstract: Bacteria and viruses are suspected to induce @entity4288 ; however, most investigators have focused on coincidences rather than causal relationships. The aim of this work was to establish a @entity95 model in which the vessel reaction to local perivascular injection of defined bacterial products can be analyzed. A total of 23 @entity95 were randomized to four groups. Groups A and B were fed a normal diet, groups C and D were fed a @entity165 -enriched diet. Groups A and C were treated with a single perivascular injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) placed next to auricular, carotid and femoral arteries, and @entity2827 placed next to the contralateral arteries (control). Group B and D animals were treated with repeated perivascular injections over 90 days. Vascular tissues (n=116 treated segments of 23 @entity95 ) were analyzed using morphometry at histology, and using immunohistochemistry to detect macrophages, lymphocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. LPS treatment resulted in transient focal intima thickening. After single LPS application, no increase in @entity75 formation was observed in comparison with controls (group C, lesion area index 0.031+/-0.012 vs 0.015+/-0.006, P=1.0). Repeated LPS application resulted in significant @entity75 formation compared with saline control (group D, lesion area index 0.148+/-0.049 vs 0.008+/-0.006, P=0.003) in @entity753 @entity95 . @entity32 in normocholesterolemic did not lead to @entity75 formation (intima media ratio 0.04+/-0.01 vs 0.04+/-0.007, P=1.0). Single perivascular administration of low-dose bacterial LPS resulted in transient focal intimal thickening, while significant increase in lesion formation occurred after repeated LPS application in @entity165 -fed animals. In conclusion, this animal model will allow the assessment of the impact of defined dosages of different bacterial pathogens onto the vascular wall in the context of atherogenesis. The @entity75 -promoting effect of repeated perivascular administration of LPS supports the hypothesis that bacterial pathogens may be involved in atherogenesis.

title: Recurrent XXXX induced by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) results in the formation of @entity75 in vivo.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['perivascular inflammation']


abstract: AIM: The benefits of postoperative wound drainage in @entity1 with @entity348 ( @entity348 ) with regards to mobilisation and wound healing were studied. We wanted to determine the efficacy of an autologous blood retransfusion system. METHOD: 150 @entity1 with @entity348 were divided into three groups of 50 @entity1 : A) three wound drainages with an autotransfusion system and suction; B) no wound drainage; C) one intraarticular wound drainage without suction. Hemoglobin values, blood transfusion requirements, @entity190 , postoperative range of motion, Insall knee score and rate of complications were observed and recorded. All @entity1 were operated without tourniquets for lower @entity190 . RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 with wound drainage and a retransfusion system the requirement of postoperative additional blood transfusion was not significantly less than in the group without wound drainage. Group A had the highest @entity190 of all. The group without wound drainage had more @entity1410 and @entity532 . Best results were observed within the group with one intraarticular drainage without suction. The rate of complications was not increased and the blood transfusion requirements were the lowest. CONCLUSION: This study shows that total knee replacement involving one intraarticular wound drainage without suction attains the best results.

title: [Relevance of wound drainage in XXXX --a prospective comparative study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['wound healing complications']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: Peripheral and central oculomotor organization was studied in the @entity2083 . The sizes of the extraocular muscles were quantified by counting the fibers contained in a given muscle and by area measurements of the cross-sectional surfaces. All the muscles were of approximately similar size. Kinematics were determined by electrical stimulation of a given muscle. The macroscopic appearance and kinematics of the muscles had the characteristics of other lateral-eyed animals (e.g., @entity95 ). Locations of extraocular motor neurons were found by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections into individual extraocular muscles. The eye muscles were innervated by four ipsilateral (lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus) and two contralateral (superior rectus, superior oblique) motor neuron pools. The oculomotor nucleus was found in the midbrain, at the level of the caudal zone of the @entity75 . Inferior rectus motor neurons were located rostrally in the oculomotor nucleus, whereas medial rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique motor neurons were intermingled in its more caudal portions. All labelled cells were located dorsally and medially to the @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ) in close proximity to either the floor of the ventricle or the midline region. Occasionally, motor neurons were interspersed within the fiber bundles of the @entity3057 or the exiting fibers of the oculomotor nerve. The trochlear nucleus, containing superior oblique motor neurons, was found in the immediate lateral and caudal neighborhood of the oculomotor nucleus, where its rostral border overlapped with the caudal border of the latter. The abducens nucleus, containing lateral rectus motor neurons, was located in the posterior brainstem in the neighborhood of the vestibular nuclear complex. This nucleus was divided into a rostral and a caudal portion. The axons of ipsilaterally projecting motor neurons headed toward their respective nerve roots via the shortest possible route, as did the axons of superior rectus motor neurons, which crossed the midline without detour to enter the contralateral oculomotor nerve. In contrast, trochlear motor neuron axons arched around the dorsal aspect of the ventricle through the cerebellar commissure to reach the contralateral trochlear nerve. The morphology of individual motor neurons was visualized by intrasomatic injection of HRP. Cell somata had oblong shapes, and their large dendrites were oriented laterally and ventrally. The axons did not collateralize within the midbrain region or the oculomotor nerve as far as they could be traced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the XXXX , @entity2083 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior lobe of the hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['medial longitudinal fasciculus', 'MLF']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: Peripheral and central oculomotor organization was studied in the @entity2083 . The sizes of the extraocular muscles were quantified by counting the fibers contained in a given muscle and by area measurements of the cross-sectional surfaces. All the muscles were of approximately similar size. Kinematics were determined by electrical stimulation of a given muscle. The macroscopic appearance and kinematics of the muscles had the characteristics of other lateral-eyed animals (e.g., @entity95 ). Locations of extraocular motor neurons were found by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections into individual extraocular muscles. The eye muscles were innervated by four ipsilateral (lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus) and two contralateral (superior rectus, superior oblique) motor neuron pools. The oculomotor nucleus was found in the midbrain, at the level of the caudal zone of the @entity75 . Inferior rectus motor neurons were located rostrally in the oculomotor nucleus, whereas medial rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique motor neurons were intermingled in its more caudal portions. All labelled cells were located dorsally and medially to the @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ) in close proximity to either the floor of the ventricle or the midline region. Occasionally, motor neurons were interspersed within the fiber bundles of the @entity3057 or the exiting fibers of the oculomotor nerve. The trochlear nucleus, containing superior oblique motor neurons, was found in the immediate lateral and caudal neighborhood of the oculomotor nucleus, where its rostral border overlapped with the caudal border of the latter. The abducens nucleus, containing lateral rectus motor neurons, was located in the posterior brainstem in the neighborhood of the vestibular nuclear complex. This nucleus was divided into a rostral and a caudal portion. The axons of ipsilaterally projecting motor neurons headed toward their respective nerve roots via the shortest possible route, as did the axons of superior rectus motor neurons, which crossed the midline without detour to enter the contralateral oculomotor nerve. In contrast, trochlear motor neuron axons arched around the dorsal aspect of the ventricle through the cerebellar commissure to reach the contralateral trochlear nerve. The morphology of individual motor neurons was visualized by intrasomatic injection of HRP. Cell somata had oblong shapes, and their large dendrites were oriented laterally and ventrally. The axons did not collateralize within the midbrain region or the oculomotor nerve as far as they could be traced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the @entity2083 , XXXX .

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['Carassius auratus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9p and the pathogenesis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). METHODS: A total of 24 @entity1 @entity957 specimens were analyzed for LOH on chromosome 9p using 8 microsatellite markers by means of polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In 24 cases of @entity957 , LOH on chromosome 9p was identified in 10 of 24 cases (41.67%) with at least one marker. The main LOH were found on 9p21 at locus D9S171 (21.05%) and D9S304 (10.00%). There were also a deletion on 9p22-23 at locus D9S168 (22.22%) and D9S162 (15.38%). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between LOH at these loci with such clinical parameters as pathological types, @entity5 size and lymph-node @entity3 . @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is rare for any of the 8 markers in 24 @entity957 . No @entity124 could observed using the common criteria for defining @entity124 -its detection in two or more markers. CONCLUSION: We found that high frequency of LOH occurred at 9p21-23 band. Their results indicate that more than one @entity5 suppressor genes at chromosome 9p21-23 region related to a subset of @entity957 , while @entity124 might not be a crucial event.

title: [Allele-specific chromosome 9p deletion in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of repeat liver resection in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) with early recurrence and to analyze the risk factors of early recurrence. METHODS: Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 303 @entity14 @entity1 undergoing liver resection in our department between January 2000 and August 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The 5-year overall survivals between early recurrence(within postoperative 1 year) and non-early recurrence were compared. The impact of repeat liver resection on 5-year survival of early recurrence was analyzed. Clinicopathological features which might be associated with early recurrence were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Among 303 @entity1 , 192(63.4%) @entity1 had recurrence, including 145 @entity1 of early recurrence and 47 of non-early recurrence. The 5-year overall survival of early recurrence @entity1 was significantly lower compared with non-early recurrence ones(16.0% vs. 63.9%, P=0.000). Among 145 early recurrence @entity1 , 80 were evaluated as resectable, of whom 22 received repeat liver resection. Compared with other 58 @entity1 receiving conservative treatment, above 22 @entity1 receiving repeat liver resection had a significantly higher 5-year overall survival(27.1% vs. 0%, P=0.033). Multivariate analysis revealed @entity5 , lymph node @entity3 , and larger size(> 5 cm) of metastatic liver focus were independent risk factors of early recurrence, and good efficacy of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was independent protective factor of early recurrence(all P<0.05). Repeat liver resection was associated with better long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of early recurrence after liver resection in @entity14 @entity1 is poor, while repeat resection for resectable lesions in recurrence @entity1 can obviously prolong the survival. For those with late T-stage, lymph node @entity3 , and larger metastatic liver focus, actively preoperative neo-adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered.

title: [Risk factor analysis of early recurrence after resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T-stage of primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRLM', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']


abstract: @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) and @entity649 ( @entity649 ) are two @entity358 with fibrotic components. @entity3616 is characterized by perivascular/peribronchiolar leukocyte infiltration leading to the development of @entity82 . @entity649 is a @entity66 that includes an acute phase, consisting of severe leukocyte infiltration, @entity4 , @entity548 , and the formation of hyaline membranes, and a chronic phase, which is characterized by persistent intra-alveolar and interstitial @entity82 . CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (pfu) @entity5765 /L develop follicular @entity5924 and @entity82 similar to @entity3616 . In contrast, CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(7) pfu @entity5765 /L develop histologic characteristics of @entity649 including @entity16 , hyaline membranes, and @entity82 . In this report, we demonstrate a differential role for T lymphocytes in the development of @entity82 associated with @entity3616 versus @entity649 . Neonatally thymectomized CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(7) pfu ( @entity649 ) @entity5765 /L still develop the hallmark characteristics of @entity649 , including a severe @entity5131 with cellular infiltrates comprised mainly of macrophages and neutrophils, hyaline membrane formation, and @entity548 during the acute phase of the disease and persistent @entity82 during the chronic phase of the disease. In contrast, neonatally thymectomized CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(6) pfu ( @entity3616 ) @entity5765 /L do not develop @entity82 associated with @entity3616 . Therefore, while T cells are necessary for the development of intraluminal @entity82 associated with @entity3616 , they are not necessary for the development of intraluminal @entity82 associated with @entity649 . Furthermore, we suggest that @entity379 plays a key role in the fibrotic process and that elevated levels of @entity379 are associated with a continuum from least to more severe @entity82 .

title: Differential role for T cells in the development of fibrotic lesions associated with XXXX /L-induced @entity3616 versus @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['intra-alveolar fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['biphasic disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'ARDS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['BOOP', 'Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity5765 :: (538123,Species) :: ['reovirus 1']


abstract: @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) and @entity649 ( @entity649 ) are two @entity358 with fibrotic components. @entity3616 is characterized by perivascular/peribronchiolar leukocyte infiltration leading to the development of @entity82 . @entity649 is a @entity66 that includes an acute phase, consisting of severe leukocyte infiltration, @entity4 , @entity548 , and the formation of hyaline membranes, and a chronic phase, which is characterized by persistent intra-alveolar and interstitial @entity82 . CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (pfu) @entity5765 /L develop follicular @entity5924 and @entity82 similar to @entity3616 . In contrast, CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(7) pfu @entity5765 /L develop histologic characteristics of @entity649 including @entity16 , hyaline membranes, and @entity82 . In this report, we demonstrate a differential role for T lymphocytes in the development of @entity82 associated with @entity3616 versus @entity649 . Neonatally thymectomized CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(7) pfu ( @entity649 ) @entity5765 /L still develop the hallmark characteristics of @entity649 , including a severe @entity5131 with cellular infiltrates comprised mainly of macrophages and neutrophils, hyaline membrane formation, and @entity548 during the acute phase of the disease and persistent @entity82 during the chronic phase of the disease. In contrast, neonatally thymectomized CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(6) pfu ( @entity3616 ) @entity5765 /L do not develop @entity82 associated with @entity3616 . Therefore, while T cells are necessary for the development of intraluminal @entity82 associated with @entity3616 , they are not necessary for the development of intraluminal @entity82 associated with @entity649 . Furthermore, we suggest that @entity379 plays a key role in the fibrotic process and that elevated levels of @entity379 are associated with a continuum from least to more severe @entity82 .

title: Differential role for T cells in the development of fibrotic lesions associated with @entity5765 /L-induced XXXX versus @entity649 .

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia']


abstract: @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) and @entity649 ( @entity649 ) are two @entity358 with fibrotic components. @entity3616 is characterized by perivascular/peribronchiolar leukocyte infiltration leading to the development of @entity82 . @entity649 is a @entity66 that includes an acute phase, consisting of severe leukocyte infiltration, @entity4 , @entity548 , and the formation of hyaline membranes, and a chronic phase, which is characterized by persistent intra-alveolar and interstitial @entity82 . CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (pfu) @entity5765 /L develop follicular @entity5924 and @entity82 similar to @entity3616 . In contrast, CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(7) pfu @entity5765 /L develop histologic characteristics of @entity649 including @entity16 , hyaline membranes, and @entity82 . In this report, we demonstrate a differential role for T lymphocytes in the development of @entity82 associated with @entity3616 versus @entity649 . Neonatally thymectomized CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(7) pfu ( @entity649 ) @entity5765 /L still develop the hallmark characteristics of @entity649 , including a severe @entity5131 with cellular infiltrates comprised mainly of macrophages and neutrophils, hyaline membrane formation, and @entity548 during the acute phase of the disease and persistent @entity82 during the chronic phase of the disease. In contrast, neonatally thymectomized CBA/J @entity19 infected with 1 x 10(6) pfu ( @entity3616 ) @entity5765 /L do not develop @entity82 associated with @entity3616 . Therefore, while T cells are necessary for the development of intraluminal @entity82 associated with @entity3616 , they are not necessary for the development of intraluminal @entity82 associated with @entity649 . Furthermore, we suggest that @entity379 plays a key role in the fibrotic process and that elevated levels of @entity379 are associated with a continuum from least to more severe @entity82 .

title: Differential role for T cells in the development of fibrotic lesions associated with @entity5765 /L-induced @entity3616 versus XXXX .

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome']


abstract: The dipsogenic potency of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 , 200 micrograms/kg, SC) was examined after the removal of various postingestional factors. In the first experiment, @entity35 with intragastric catheters were injected SC with @entity1808 and allowed water to drink. During the induced drinking, either @entity1219 (1.5 M) or water was injected into the stomach via the catheter at a rate of 0.1 ml for each ml water ingested orally. The water intake was identical in the two conditions. In a second experiment, @entity35 , fitted with @entity11541 , were administered @entity1808 and subsequent water intake with @entity292 open was compared to that occurring with the @entity292 closed. @entity35 drank more water during the first trial with @entity292 open than with @entity292 closed. Water intake during subsequent trials with an open @entity292 rose above that observed on the first trial. In a third experiment, @entity35 with @entity11541 were offered 0.15 M @entity1219 to drink. Intake was greater when the @entity292 was open than when it was closed. Intake of 0.15 M @entity1219 increased during the second trial with @entity292 open. @entity35 drank more 0.15 M @entity1219 during the first trial with an open @entity292 in Experiment 3 than those @entity35 given water to drink on their first trial with @entity292 open in Experiment 2. These data suggest both oropharyngeal and postingestional factors interact in the control of @entity1808 -induced fluid intake.

title: Postingestional modulation of drinking induced in @entity35 by XXXX : intragastric infusion and sham drinking studies.

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity11541 :: ('MESH:D005747', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fistulas']

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: The dipsogenic potency of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 , 200 micrograms/kg, SC) was examined after the removal of various postingestional factors. In the first experiment, @entity35 with intragastric catheters were injected SC with @entity1808 and allowed water to drink. During the induced drinking, either @entity1219 (1.5 M) or water was injected into the stomach via the catheter at a rate of 0.1 ml for each ml water ingested orally. The water intake was identical in the two conditions. In a second experiment, @entity35 , fitted with @entity11541 , were administered @entity1808 and subsequent water intake with @entity292 open was compared to that occurring with the @entity292 closed. @entity35 drank more water during the first trial with @entity292 open than with @entity292 closed. Water intake during subsequent trials with an open @entity292 rose above that observed on the first trial. In a third experiment, @entity35 with @entity11541 were offered 0.15 M @entity1219 to drink. Intake was greater when the @entity292 was open than when it was closed. Intake of 0.15 M @entity1219 increased during the second trial with @entity292 open. @entity35 drank more 0.15 M @entity1219 during the first trial with an open @entity292 in Experiment 3 than those @entity35 given water to drink on their first trial with @entity292 open in Experiment 2. These data suggest both oropharyngeal and postingestional factors interact in the control of @entity1808 -induced fluid intake.

title: Postingestional modulation of drinking induced in XXXX by @entity1808 : intragastric infusion and sham drinking studies.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the outcome and complications after resection of @entity4177 treated over 2 decades in our institution. METHODS: Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data were reviewed retrospectively, focusing on the outcome and complications. RESULTS: Between January 1978 and December 2002, 56 @entity1 were treated for @entity4177 . The age range was 0.08 to 8.74 years (median, 1 year). The right lobe was involved in 48%, the left lobe in 22%, and in 29% the main bulk of the @entity5 was centrally located. Surgical procedures included the following: hemihepatectomy in 62%, trisegmentectomy in 18%, extended hemihepatectomy in 16%, and liver transplantation and laparotomy in one @entity1 each. @entity3816 occurred in 5(9%)--rupture of the @entity5 (1), @entity548 from the contralateral lobe (1), a defect in the left hepatic duct (1), @entity1167 from @entity5 embolus (1), and bleeding from the inferior vena cava (1). The mean @entity190 was 280 mL (50 to 2,000 mL). @entity260 occurred in 12 @entity1 (22%) including @entity3117 (3), adhesion obstruction (2), @entity850 of the bile duct (1), abdominal wound dehiscence (1), @entity3885 (1), and @entity1143 (2). Fifteen @entity1 died, 14 as a result of @entity5 recurrence (mortality rate, 27%).

title: Outcome and complications after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3117 :: ('MESH:D013369', 'Disease') :: ['subphrenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric obstruction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activity of lysosomal enzymes is increased in body fluids during @entity32 , in which cellular malfunction and cellular death occurs. Because chemotherapy also causes cell malfunction and death, for identifying a neurologic effect, we studied the activity of beta-glucuronidase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of leukemic @entity1 during treatment. PROCEDURE: The beta-glucuronidase activity in CSF was determined in 13 @entity1 with B-precursor @entity981 ( @entity981 ) treated with the medium risk arm of @entity981 (BFM) 95 protocol. Plasma @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) levels were determined at 24 and 48 hr after the infusion of high-dose (5 g/m(2)/24 hr) @entity1500 (MCA phase). RESULTS: The mean (SD) beta-glucuronidase activity prior to the onset of chemotherapy was 19.9 (5.6) nmoles/ @entity11108 /ml/hr. No significant changes in activity were noted during the phases of the protocol except of the MCA3. The activity was 24.4 (6.8) on MCA2, 28.4 (9.3) on MCA3, and 24.1 (9.5) on MCA4. The beta-glucuronidase activity was positively correlated with the plasma @entity1500 levels at both 24 hr (r = 0.483, P = 0.006) and 48 hr (r = 0.676, P < 0.0001). No progressive changes were noted during the different phases of the protocol. The greatest beta-glucuronidase activity was measured in two @entity1 with @entity2359 . CONCLUSIONS: The beta-glucuronidase activity is increased in the CSF of leukemic @entity1 receiving high-dose @entity1500 and particularly in @entity2359 . It is positively correlated with plasma @entity1500 levels. No cumulative effect of the chemotherapy was observed. The increased beta-glucuronidase activity is most likely due to enzyme leakage through the cell membranes caused mainly by a toxic effect of @entity1500 on the cells of the central nervous system (CNS).

title: Correlation of cerebrospinal fluid beta-glucuronidase activity with plasma XXXX concentrations in leukemic @entity1 receiving high-dose @entity1499 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11108 :: ('MESH:C489431', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylumbelliferone']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activity of lysosomal enzymes is increased in body fluids during @entity32 , in which cellular malfunction and cellular death occurs. Because chemotherapy also causes cell malfunction and death, for identifying a neurologic effect, we studied the activity of beta-glucuronidase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of leukemic @entity1 during treatment. PROCEDURE: The beta-glucuronidase activity in CSF was determined in 13 @entity1 with B-precursor @entity981 ( @entity981 ) treated with the medium risk arm of @entity981 (BFM) 95 protocol. Plasma @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) levels were determined at 24 and 48 hr after the infusion of high-dose (5 g/m(2)/24 hr) @entity1500 (MCA phase). RESULTS: The mean (SD) beta-glucuronidase activity prior to the onset of chemotherapy was 19.9 (5.6) nmoles/ @entity11108 /ml/hr. No significant changes in activity were noted during the phases of the protocol except of the MCA3. The activity was 24.4 (6.8) on MCA2, 28.4 (9.3) on MCA3, and 24.1 (9.5) on MCA4. The beta-glucuronidase activity was positively correlated with the plasma @entity1500 levels at both 24 hr (r = 0.483, P = 0.006) and 48 hr (r = 0.676, P < 0.0001). No progressive changes were noted during the different phases of the protocol. The greatest beta-glucuronidase activity was measured in two @entity1 with @entity2359 . CONCLUSIONS: The beta-glucuronidase activity is increased in the CSF of leukemic @entity1 receiving high-dose @entity1500 and particularly in @entity2359 . It is positively correlated with plasma @entity1500 levels. No cumulative effect of the chemotherapy was observed. The increased beta-glucuronidase activity is most likely due to enzyme leakage through the cell membranes caused mainly by a toxic effect of @entity1500 on the cells of the central nervous system (CNS).

title: Correlation of cerebrospinal fluid beta-glucuronidase activity with plasma @entity1499 concentrations in leukemic @entity1 receiving high-dose XXXX .

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activity of lysosomal enzymes is increased in body fluids during @entity32 , in which cellular malfunction and cellular death occurs. Because chemotherapy also causes cell malfunction and death, for identifying a neurologic effect, we studied the activity of beta-glucuronidase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of leukemic @entity1 during treatment. PROCEDURE: The beta-glucuronidase activity in CSF was determined in 13 @entity1 with B-precursor @entity981 ( @entity981 ) treated with the medium risk arm of @entity981 (BFM) 95 protocol. Plasma @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) levels were determined at 24 and 48 hr after the infusion of high-dose (5 g/m(2)/24 hr) @entity1500 (MCA phase). RESULTS: The mean (SD) beta-glucuronidase activity prior to the onset of chemotherapy was 19.9 (5.6) nmoles/ @entity11108 /ml/hr. No significant changes in activity were noted during the phases of the protocol except of the MCA3. The activity was 24.4 (6.8) on MCA2, 28.4 (9.3) on MCA3, and 24.1 (9.5) on MCA4. The beta-glucuronidase activity was positively correlated with the plasma @entity1500 levels at both 24 hr (r = 0.483, P = 0.006) and 48 hr (r = 0.676, P < 0.0001). No progressive changes were noted during the different phases of the protocol. The greatest beta-glucuronidase activity was measured in two @entity1 with @entity2359 . CONCLUSIONS: The beta-glucuronidase activity is increased in the CSF of leukemic @entity1 receiving high-dose @entity1500 and particularly in @entity2359 . It is positively correlated with plasma @entity1500 levels. No cumulative effect of the chemotherapy was observed. The increased beta-glucuronidase activity is most likely due to enzyme leakage through the cell membranes caused mainly by a toxic effect of @entity1500 on the cells of the central nervous system (CNS).

title: Correlation of cerebrospinal fluid beta-glucuronidase activity with plasma @entity1499 concentrations in leukemic XXXX receiving high-dose @entity1499 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The hypothesis that satellite cells which leave denervated skeletal muscle might become circulating potential myoblasts which could participate in myogenesis in distant sites in the body has been tested. Sixteen @entity19 had one hindlimb denervated and were given 7 daily injections of @entity665 (3H-Tdr). One day later extensor digitorum longus muscle isografts from unlabelled @entity19 were inserted into each hindlimb. As controls, the procedure was repeated in 6 non-denervated labelled @entity19 . Fourteen days after their insertion, isografts in denervated @entity19 contained many labelled myotubes with a labelling index of 55 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM). In the control isografts in non-denervated ice, 38 +/- 4% of myotube nuclei were labelled. The results show that either labelled cells, or 3H-Tdr, had transferred from the host to isografts in both cases. The probability of 3H-Tdr reutilization was demonstrated in regenerating livers of 8 similarly labelled @entity19 , where 34 +/- 3% hepatocytes adjacent to crush lesions were labelled after 14 days. This conclusion was reached because only 2-3% of normal hepatocytes incorporate 3H-Tdr under these conditions and this population is inadequate to provide sufficient labelled precursor cells for the large numbers of labelled regenerated hepatocytes. Therefore, it was concluded that 3H-Tdr reutilization is the most likely explanation for labelled myotube nuclei in the muscle isografts (rather than movement of labelled precursor cells), and that additional label for reutilization had been derived from breakdown of labelled cells in denervated muscle. The data do not support the hypothesis of a circulating precursor for skeletal muscle cells.

title: Can cells extruded from denervated skeletal muscle become circulating potential myoblasts? Implications of XXXX reutilization in regenerating muscle.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

answer: @entity665 :: (CHEBI:53526,Chemical) :: ['3H-thymidine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The object of the present study was to review a series of surgically removed @entity5 to establish the incidence of delayed @entity3541 and to evaluate the course of recovery according to the possible etiology (surgical postoperative @entity4 or viral reactivation) with reference to the time of onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group was composed of 98 @entity1 with @entity5513 . Sex, age, location, and extent of @entity5 and @entity260 were all taken into consideration in the final evaluation. The course of each @entity1 's postoperative facial function was graded according to House and Brackmann's six-grade scale. The incidence and the time of onset of the delayed @entity3541 were also evaluated. RESULTS: The deterioration in the facial function was found to be delayed in 25 of the 98 @entity1 (26%); of these, it occurred in the first 5 days after surgery in 11 cases, between 6 and 13 days in 10 cases, and after 15 days in 14 @entity1 . The incidence rate of the delayed @entity409 was not influenced by age, sex, or the size of the @entity5 . The prognosis of the @entity409 was favourable in the majority of cases, and, in fact, there were only five grade III to IV cases 1 year later. @entity409 was over grade III in the majority of the latter five cases, and the period of recovery was long. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty percent of our @entity1 with delayed @entity3541 following @entity5513 resection were classified as having excellent or good function. In the remaining @entity1 who had a less favourable recovery, the palsy was more severe, and the onset occurred after some time. This seems to agree with those who are of the opinion that the complication is due to viral reactivation. In these @entity1 , it is advisable to start aggressive medical therapy with antiviral agents such as @entity1033 as soon as possible.

title: Delayed @entity3541 after XXXX resection: clinical data and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysfunction', 'Facial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The object of the present study was to review a series of surgically removed @entity5 to establish the incidence of delayed @entity3541 and to evaluate the course of recovery according to the possible etiology (surgical postoperative @entity4 or viral reactivation) with reference to the time of onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group was composed of 98 @entity1 with @entity5513 . Sex, age, location, and extent of @entity5 and @entity260 were all taken into consideration in the final evaluation. The course of each @entity1 's postoperative facial function was graded according to House and Brackmann's six-grade scale. The incidence and the time of onset of the delayed @entity3541 were also evaluated. RESULTS: The deterioration in the facial function was found to be delayed in 25 of the 98 @entity1 (26%); of these, it occurred in the first 5 days after surgery in 11 cases, between 6 and 13 days in 10 cases, and after 15 days in 14 @entity1 . The incidence rate of the delayed @entity409 was not influenced by age, sex, or the size of the @entity5 . The prognosis of the @entity409 was favourable in the majority of cases, and, in fact, there were only five grade III to IV cases 1 year later. @entity409 was over grade III in the majority of the latter five cases, and the period of recovery was long. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty percent of our @entity1 with delayed @entity3541 following @entity5513 resection were classified as having excellent or good function. In the remaining @entity1 who had a less favourable recovery, the palsy was more severe, and the onset occurred after some time. This seems to agree with those who are of the opinion that the complication is due to viral reactivation. In these @entity1 , it is advisable to start aggressive medical therapy with antiviral agents such as @entity1033 as soon as possible.

title: Delayed XXXX after @entity5513 resection: clinical data and prognosis.

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial palsy']


abstract: Morphological studies have demonstrated an age-related decrease in capillary density and capillary surface area in the developing heart. However, the consequences of these changes on myocardial perfusion are not known. We tested the hypothesis that the decreased capillary density is associated with a reduction in coronary blood flow reserve. To test this hypothesis, we studied coronary responses to @entity859 and @entity1854 administration, reactive @entity450 , and autoregulatory capacity. We used a Langendorff-perfused heart preparation from @entity840 of five different age groups (1 week and 1, 2, 12, and 18 months). Data are expressed as mean +/- SEM. Maximal coronary flows (ml/min per g) in response to @entity859 (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) infusion are: 27 +/- 1.3, 18.5 +/- 1.4, 12.2 +/- 0.4, 10.3 +/- 0.3, and 10.6 +/- 0.8 at 1 week, 1, 2, 12, and 18 months, respectively, with the flows at 1 week and 1 month significantly higher than those at 2, 12, and 18 months. There is a similar trend for a decreased maximum coronary perfusion in response to @entity1854 (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) and following a 45-second occlusion of the coronary inlet flow. Despite the decreased maximal pharmacological and reactive hyperemic flow reserve, autoregulation of flow is not altered with growth. The pressure-flow relationship exhibits autoregulation between 25 and 55 mm Hg perfusion pressure for all but the 1-week age group, which autoregulates within a narrower range of pressures (20-45 mm Hg). Total maximal coronary flow (ml/min) increases during development; this indicates that the growth of vessels continues with development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of development on coronary vasodilator reserve in the isolated XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Edible berry @entity4211 possess a broad spectrum of therapeutic and anti-carcinogenic properties. Berries are rich in @entity4211 , compounds that provide pigmentation to fruits and serve as natural antioxidants. @entity4211 repair and protect genomic DNA integrity. Earlier studies have shown that berry @entity4211 are beneficial in reducing age-associated oxidative stress, as well as in improving neuronal and cognitive brain function. Six berry extracts (wild blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, elderberry, raspberry seeds, and strawberry) were studied for antioxidant efficacy, cytotoxic potential, cellular uptake, and anti-angiogenic (the ability to reduce unwanted growth of blood vessels, which can lead to varicose veins and @entity5 formation) properties. We evaluated various combinations of edible berry extracts and developed a synergistic formula, OptiBerry IH141, which exhibited high ORAC ( @entity26 -Radical Absorbing Capacity) value, low @entity137 , and superior anti-angiogenic properties compared to the other combinations tested. @entity5 represent a priority area in @entity5 biology. OptiBerry significantly inhibited both @entity274 - and @entity310 -induced @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression by @entity1 keratinocytes. @entity7 is a key regulator of @entity5 angiogenesis. Matrigel assay using @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells showed that OptiBerry impaired angiogenesis. In an in vivo model of angiogenesis, OptiBerry significantly inhibited basal @entity2842 and inducible NF-kappaB transcriptions. Endothelioma cells pretreated with OptiBerry showed a diminished ability to form @entity2695 and markedly decreased @entity5 growth by more than 50%. In essence, these studies highlight the novel anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic potential of a novel @entity4211 -rich berry extract formula, OptiBerry.

title: Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties of a novel XXXX -rich berry extract formula.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor', 'Anti-angiogenic approaches to treat cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins', 'anthocyanin', 'Anthocyanins']

answer: @entity4211 :: (MESH:D000872,Chemical) :: ['anthocyanin']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with suspected pseudoseizures underwent saline infusion during prolonged sleep deprived EEG with video monitoring and nasopharyngeal electrodes. No @entity1 had definite clinical evidence of @entity302 , but 35% had abnormal EEGs, 10% with @entity302 . @entity1 with @entity302 did not experience pseudoseizures with saline infusion. @entity1 with generalized EEG slowing responded to saline infusion with characteristic @entity410 . Three groups of @entity1 were differentiated. Eight @entity1 had characteristic attacks with saline infusion, and in these @entity1 females predominated, mean age was lower, and @entity2531 was common. Six @entity1 each either failed to respond to saline or had episodes different from their characteristic spells. These @entity1 were more often male and more often had diagnoses of @entity1314 . The findings suggest that, although saline infusion may identify pseudoseizures and confirm their non- @entity302 nature, some @entity1 may not be sufficiently suggestible to respond to saline infusion, while others may have non- @entity302 attacks which are different from the spells under evaluation. Psychiatric and neuropsychological features suggestive of pseudoseizures may be more readily identified by psychiatric interview or psychometric testing. Ethical issues regarding saline infusion in the guise of a potent convulsant should also be considered.

title: Saline activation of XXXX : clinical EEG and neuropsychiatric observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['pseudoepileptic seizures']


abstract: @entity12608 is a rare condition defined as a combination of @entity6126 and @entity4838 . The present study shows two genealogical tables. In the first family six male members in four generations had @entity12608 . All carrier females seemed to have normal fertility and normal olfactory function. @entity1112 probable - dominant sex linked inheritance was considered to be most probable. @entity8 was discovered in one and was excluded in two affected members. In the second family only one affected female was discovered. She had a monozygotic twin sister with normal pubertal development, but also total @entity4838 . Four individuals with @entity4838 alone were found in this family, but no further cases of @entity6126 . The possibility of an acquired @entity1887 on the basis of @entity74 is discussed.

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal malformation']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive or - less']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary anosmia']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity12608 :: ('MESH:D017436', 'Disease') :: ["Kallmann's syndrome"]

answer: @entity12608 :: (MESH:D017436,Disease) :: ['Kallmann's syndrome']


abstract: Calmodulin has been isolated from @entity291 lens fiber cells. Like other vertebrate calmodulins lens calmodulin shows a @entity460 -dependent mobility shift on @entity214 - @entity2975 gels and forms immune complexes with antiserum, raised against vertebrate calmodulin. Via the gel overlay technique radioiodinated calmodulin from lens or @entity291 brain was found to bind to the @entity4329 ( @entity4329 ) and the 17.5 kDa protein of lens fiber membranes in a @entity460 -independent manner. After proteolytic digestion of lens fiber membranes with trypsin or @entity794 V8 protease the calmodulin-binding activity of @entity4329 is retained. This result indicates that the small polypeptide fragment of @entity4329 , which is accessible to proteolytic attack, apparently is not the attachment point for calmodulin. Two additional calmodulin-binding proteins (MW 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa) are observed in junction-enriched fiber membrane fractions. These junction-specific proteins are bound to the membrane via @entity460 . In addition to @entity4329 and the 17.5 kDa protein they are possibly involved in the @entity460 -dependent regulation of lens fiber junctions. The 14 and 16.5 kDa proteins are also present in epithelial membranes, prepared from freshly obtained @entity291 lens epithelia. Whereas in the latter membranes the two proteins form part of the four 14-17 kDa major protein components, these proteins are absent in membranes from cultured lens epithelial cells. The epithelial 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa proteins thus appear to be junction-specific. The capacity of the latter proteins to bind calmodulin in the presence and absence of @entity460 indicates that these junction-specific proteins are very similar, if not identical, to the corresponding fiber junctional proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX lens calmodulin. Isolation, partial characterization and @entity460 -independent binding to lens membrane proteins.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4329 :: ('MESH:C563242', 'Disease') :: ['main intrinsic protein', 'MIP']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: Calmodulin has been isolated from @entity291 lens fiber cells. Like other vertebrate calmodulins lens calmodulin shows a @entity460 -dependent mobility shift on @entity214 - @entity2975 gels and forms immune complexes with antiserum, raised against vertebrate calmodulin. Via the gel overlay technique radioiodinated calmodulin from lens or @entity291 brain was found to bind to the @entity4329 ( @entity4329 ) and the 17.5 kDa protein of lens fiber membranes in a @entity460 -independent manner. After proteolytic digestion of lens fiber membranes with trypsin or @entity794 V8 protease the calmodulin-binding activity of @entity4329 is retained. This result indicates that the small polypeptide fragment of @entity4329 , which is accessible to proteolytic attack, apparently is not the attachment point for calmodulin. Two additional calmodulin-binding proteins (MW 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa) are observed in junction-enriched fiber membrane fractions. These junction-specific proteins are bound to the membrane via @entity460 . In addition to @entity4329 and the 17.5 kDa protein they are possibly involved in the @entity460 -dependent regulation of lens fiber junctions. The 14 and 16.5 kDa proteins are also present in epithelial membranes, prepared from freshly obtained @entity291 lens epithelia. Whereas in the latter membranes the two proteins form part of the four 14-17 kDa major protein components, these proteins are absent in membranes from cultured lens epithelial cells. The epithelial 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa proteins thus appear to be junction-specific. The capacity of the latter proteins to bind calmodulin in the presence and absence of @entity460 indicates that these junction-specific proteins are very similar, if not identical, to the corresponding fiber junctional proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity291 lens calmodulin. Isolation, partial characterization and XXXX -independent binding to lens membrane proteins.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity167 addition has been suggested for use in combination with surfactant flushing to enhance solubilization kinetics and permit density control of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)-laden surfactant plumes. This study examined the effects of adding @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) to a 4% @entity9266 ( @entity968 (20) @entity37977 ) solution used to flush @entity3321 ( @entity11240 )-contaminated porous media. The influence of @entity167 concentration, subsurface layering and scale on flushing solution delivery and PCE recovery was investigated through a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling studies. Results of batch experiments demonstrated that the addition of 2.5%, 5% and 10% (wt.) @entity167 incrementally increased the PCE solubilization capacity and viscosity of the surfactant solution, while reducing solution density from 1.002 to 0.986 g/cm3. Effluent concentration data obtained from one-dimensional (1-D) column experiments were used to characterize rate-limited micellar solubilization of residual PCE, which was strongly dependent upon flow velocity and weakly dependent upon @entity167 concentration. Two-dimensional (2-D) box studies illustrated that minor differences (0.008 g/cm3) between flushing and resident solution density can strongly influence surfactant front propagation. A two-dimensional multiphase simulator, MISER, was used to model the influence of @entity167 composition on the aqueous flow field and PCE mass recovery. The ability of the numerical simulator to predict effluent concentrations and front propagation was demonstrated for both 1-D columns and 2-D boxes flushed with @entity167 -amended @entity9266 solutions. Results of this study quantify the potential influence of @entity167 addition on surfactant solution properties and solubilization capacity, and demonstrate the importance of considering small density variations in remedial design.

title: Effects of @entity1068 addition on micellar solubilization and plume migration during surfactant enhanced recovery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'EtOH', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3321 :: ('MESH:D013750', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrachloroethene']

entities_list: @entity37977 :: ('MESH:C018665', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitan monooleate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyoxyethylene']

answer: @entity3321 :: (MESH:D013750,Chemical) :: ['tetrachloroethene']


abstract: @entity167 addition has been suggested for use in combination with surfactant flushing to enhance solubilization kinetics and permit density control of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)-laden surfactant plumes. This study examined the effects of adding @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) to a 4% @entity9266 ( @entity968 (20) @entity37977 ) solution used to flush @entity3321 ( @entity11240 )-contaminated porous media. The influence of @entity167 concentration, subsurface layering and scale on flushing solution delivery and PCE recovery was investigated through a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling studies. Results of batch experiments demonstrated that the addition of 2.5%, 5% and 10% (wt.) @entity167 incrementally increased the PCE solubilization capacity and viscosity of the surfactant solution, while reducing solution density from 1.002 to 0.986 g/cm3. Effluent concentration data obtained from one-dimensional (1-D) column experiments were used to characterize rate-limited micellar solubilization of residual PCE, which was strongly dependent upon flow velocity and weakly dependent upon @entity167 concentration. Two-dimensional (2-D) box studies illustrated that minor differences (0.008 g/cm3) between flushing and resident solution density can strongly influence surfactant front propagation. A two-dimensional multiphase simulator, MISER, was used to model the influence of @entity167 composition on the aqueous flow field and PCE mass recovery. The ability of the numerical simulator to predict effluent concentrations and front propagation was demonstrated for both 1-D columns and 2-D boxes flushed with @entity167 -amended @entity9266 solutions. Results of this study quantify the potential influence of @entity167 addition on surfactant solution properties and solubilization capacity, and demonstrate the importance of considering small density variations in remedial design.

title: Effects of XXXX addition on micellar solubilization and plume migration during surfactant enhanced recovery of @entity3321 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Patterns of attachment were examined in normal and @entity308 mothers. Mother's diagnosis (bipolar, major @entity308 , or no @entity146 ), self-reported current mood states, and affective behavior in interaction with the @entity1 were considered. A modified version of Ainsworth and Wittig's Strange Situation was used to assess attachment. Insecure (A, C, and A/C patterns) attachments were more common among @entity1 of mothers with a @entity308 ( @entity162 ) than among @entity1 of mothers with minor @entity308 or among @entity1 of normal mothers. Insecure attachment was more frequent in @entity1 of mothers with @entity162 than in @entity1 of mothers with @entity308 . A/C attachments were associated with histories of most severe @entity308 in the mother. In families in which mothers were @entity308 , @entity308 in the father did not increase the likelihood of anxious attachment between mother and @entity1 . However, if mothers with a @entity18822 were without a husband in the household, risk of an insecure mother- @entity1 attachment was significantly increased. The mothers' @entity5785 (positive vs. negative) in interaction with their @entity1 in situations other than the Strange Situation, and independent of diagnosis, predicted patterns of attachment: mothers of insecurely attached @entity1 expressed more negative and less positive emotion. Mothers' self-reports of moods on the days they were observed were unrelated to attachment. Results are discussed in terms of the transmission of @entity4670 in relation to mothers' affective functioning.

title: Patterns of attachment in two- and three-year-olds in normal families and families with parental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar or unipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depression', 'unipolar, or minor depression']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['social and emotional disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['expressed emotions']

entities_list: @entity18822 :: ('MESH:C565111', 'Disease') :: ['major affective disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: A standardized @entity35 endotoxin shock model was used to assess the differential effects of four commonly used anesthetics upon hemodynamics before and during endotoxin shock. Forty-nine male @entity35 weighing 307 +/- 4 g were divided into five groups:freely-moving conscious, @entity4488 (2%), @entity5161 (1.4%), @entity4485 (6 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.), and @entity3652 (45 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.). Anesthetic doses were chosen as 1.0 MAC equivalent. Anesthetized @entity35 were intubated and ventilated with @entity26 . The right carotid artery was cannulated with a thermocouple-catheter for aortic blood pressure, heart rate, and thermodilution cardiac output measurements. The right jugular vein was cannulated for measurement of central venous pressure and for i.v. injections. Data were collected over a 30-min baseline period and for 4 h after an i.v. bolus of endotoxin (40 mg.kg-1, LD100 within 24 h). Gross small intestinal pathology was rated on a 0-4 scale. Anesthetic effects were judged in terms of significant deviations from the awake data on each parameter. Despite differing patterns, total deviations were similar for @entity4488 , @entity3652 , and @entity4485 , although the latter drug was the least preferable due to particularly high systemic vascular resistance. Significantly less hemorrhagic small intestinal pathology occurred with @entity4488 . @entity3652 offered no advantage over the inhalation anesthetics. Among the four anesthetics tested, results were closest to the awake pattern with @entity5161 anesthesia, thus making it the logical choice for hemodynamic studies in experimental shock research.

title: Choice of anesthetic alters the circulatory shock pattern as gauged by conscious XXXX endotoxemia.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate whether area under the curve (AUC) analysis of pharmacodynamic data can be used to compare pharmacokinetic models taken from the literature, during a target controlled infusion (TCI) of @entity2898 . METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 scheduled for orthopaedic surgery received a TCI of @entity2898 (Stanpump) based on one of four pharmacokinetic models: those described by Szenohradszky, Alvarez-Gomez, Wierda, and Cooper. The resulting theoretical plasma concentration versus time curve was calculated for all @entity1 based on all four pharmacokinetic models. Predicted effect versus time curves were calculated following the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic link model (Sheiner and colleagues). @entity4094 was evaluated acceleromyographically. The difference between the area under the observed effect (AUC(OE)) and predicted effect (AUC(PE)) versus time curves was used for comparison. RESULTS: AUC(PE )differed significantly from AUC(OE) in the Szenohradszky and Alvarez-Gomez models, both with the reference link-pharmacodynamic data and with altered link-pharmacodynamic variables. AUC(PE )and AUC(OE) were comparable for the Wierda and Cooper models. The mean AUC(OE) was 25.1 (SD 11.9)% block x h. AUC(PE)-AUC(OE) was significantly larger in the Szenohradszky model when compared with all other pharmacokinetic models. This difference remained when link or pharmacodynamic variables were modified. The smallest AUC(PE)-AUC(OE) difference was found with the Wierda model. CONCLUSION: It was possible to use AUC analysis for identification of the pharmacokinetic model that best predicted the pharmacodynamic characteristics of our @entity1 .

title: Target controlled infusion of XXXX : analysis of effect data to select a pharmacokinetic model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Atypical @entity5 (ATRT) is a @entity1221 with a dismal prognosis. There is no consensus on optimal treatment and different multimodal strategies are currently being used in an attempt to improve outcomes. To evaluate the impact of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell rescue (HD48 SCR), radiotherapy (RT) at first line, @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and extent of surgical resection upon @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). An online database search identified prospective and retrospective studies focused on the treatment of @entity1 and adolescents with newly diagnosed ATRT. Clinical, therapeutic and outcome data were extracted and an individual pooled data analysis was conducted. Out of 389 publications, 12 manuscripts were included in our review. Data from 332 @entity1 were analysed. Median age at diagnosis was 37  months (range 1-231). @entity2033 -SCR, RT and @entity7730 had been administered to 28.6  % (58/203), 49.6  % (118/238) and 21  % (65/310) of the @entity1 , respectively. Gross total resection (GTR) had been achieved in 46.5  % (152/327) of the cases. In the multivariate analysis, hazard ratios (95  % Confidence Interval) for @entity2033 -SCR were: @entity1349 -HR  =  0.570 (0.357-0.910) p  =  0.019, and @entity1349 -HR  =  0.388 (0.214-0.704) p  =  0.002; and for RT: @entity1349 -HR  =  0.551 (0.351-0.866) p  =  0.01, and @entity1349 -HR  =  0.393 (0.216-0.712) p  =  0.002. @entity7730 and GTR were not significantly associated with improved @entity1349 or @entity1349 in the multivariate analysis. In our pooled data review, @entity2033 -SCR and RT at first line were associated with improved outcomes in @entity1 and adolescents with newly diagnosed ATRT.

title: Multimodal therapy in XXXX and adolescents with newly diagnosed atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor: individual pooled data analysis and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['teratoid rhabdoid tumour']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumour of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['IT', 'intrathecal chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Besides the common distal symmetrical sensory-motor @entity305 (DSP) that is often associated with @entity5433 , @entity6 @entity1 @entity245 ( @entity245 ) secondary to roots, plexus and nerve trunk involvement. Nerve ischaemia has been suggested as a common mechanism for the different patterns of @entity3949 , yet the important clinical differences that exist between DSP and @entity245 suggest concurrent factors. In order to learn more on the subject, we prospectively studied 22 consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with @entity245 , for which other causes of @entity16 were excluded by appropriate investigations, including biopsy of a recently affected sensory nerve. Three @entity1 had a relapsing course, and the others an unremitting subacute-progressive course. @entity158 @entity245 progressed over 2-12 months. The @entity51 predominated in distal lower limbs which were involved in all @entity1 , unilaterally in seven, bilaterally in the others, with an asynchronous onset in most cases. In addition, a proximal deficit of the lower limbs was present on one side in seven @entity1 , and on both sides in six. @entity1514 was present bilaterally in two @entity1 , and unilaterally in one. The ulnar nerve was involved in one @entity1 , and the radial nerve in two. The CSF protein ranged from 0.40 to 3.55 g/l; mean: 0.87 g/l. Electrophysiological testing showed severe, multifocal, @entity66 in all cases. Asymmetrical axonal lesions were found in all nerve specimens. The mean density of myelinated axons was reduced to 1340 +/- 1070 per mm(2) of endoneurial area versus 8370 +/- 706 myelinated fibres/mm(2) in controls. The mean density of unmyelinated fibres was reduced to 5095 +/- 6875 per mm(2) (extremes: 0-26 600). On teased fibre preparations, 34 +/- 31% of the fibres were at different stages of @entity528 (extremes 0-99%); 7 +/- 6% of the fibres @entity17 . @entity1333 of @entity3120 were found in six @entity1 . Endoneurial seepage of red cells was present in 11 specimens, and endoneurial @entity548 in five. Ferric @entity68 deposits that characterize previous @entity548 were found in seven @entity1 , including two who had no red cells in the endoneurium. Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates were present in the nerve specimens of 21 out of 22 @entity1 , prominently in four @entity1 . In comparison, nerve biopsy specimens of 30 @entity1 with severe distal symmetrical @entity3949 showed mild epineurial mononuclear cell infiltrate in one @entity1 and endoneurial seepage of red cells in another. We conclude that @entity245 is related to pre-capillary blood vessel involvement in elderly @entity6 @entity1 with a secondary inflammatory response.

title: Inflammatory vasculopathy in multifocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['showed segmental demyelination or remyelination']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axonal nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['perineurial and endoneurial blood vessels']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['may develop multifocal sensory-motor deficits', 'MDN']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathies', 'diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic radiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mainstreaming genetic medicine, increased media coverage and clinical trials for @entity5345 mutation carriers are leading oncologists into more @entity1 discussions about @entity5345 genetic testing. @entity5345 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) occur in 10-20  % of tests. VUS detection introduces additional uncertainty for @entity1 and potentially clinician. We aimed to explore the ability of @entity0 specialists (BCS) in the UK to correctly respond to a VUS report. METHODS: A survey sent to 800 UK BCS collected demographics data, VUS general knowledge and interpretation and communication based on two genetics reports. A separate survey of UK clinical geneticists collected demographics data, laboratory reporting practice and methods used to clarify VUS pathogenicity including classification systems. RESULTS: Of the 155 BCS (22.5  %) who completed the survey, 12  % reported no genetics training. Ninety five percent referred @entity1 for @entity5345 genetic tests, 71  % felt unsure about the clinical implications of the test reports presented here. A VUS report from a @entity1 with a positive family history was interpreted and theoretically communicated correctly by 94  % but when presented with a different VUS report with no management guidance and negative family history, 39  % did not know how to communicate this result to the @entity1 . Geneticists reported multiple VUS classification systems; the most commonly used was word-based in 32  %. CONCLUSIONS: A consistent and standardised format to report particularly VUS results across all diagnostic laboratories plus additional training of UK BCS will be necessary for effective mainstreaming of @entity5345 testing to the oncology clinic.

title: Understanding of XXXX VUS genetic results by @entity0 specialists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mainstreaming genetic medicine, increased media coverage and clinical trials for @entity5345 mutation carriers are leading oncologists into more @entity1 discussions about @entity5345 genetic testing. @entity5345 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) occur in 10-20  % of tests. VUS detection introduces additional uncertainty for @entity1 and potentially clinician. We aimed to explore the ability of @entity0 specialists (BCS) in the UK to correctly respond to a VUS report. METHODS: A survey sent to 800 UK BCS collected demographics data, VUS general knowledge and interpretation and communication based on two genetics reports. A separate survey of UK clinical geneticists collected demographics data, laboratory reporting practice and methods used to clarify VUS pathogenicity including classification systems. RESULTS: Of the 155 BCS (22.5  %) who completed the survey, 12  % reported no genetics training. Ninety five percent referred @entity1 for @entity5345 genetic tests, 71  % felt unsure about the clinical implications of the test reports presented here. A VUS report from a @entity1 with a positive family history was interpreted and theoretically communicated correctly by 94  % but when presented with a different VUS report with no management guidance and negative family history, 39  % did not know how to communicate this result to the @entity1 . Geneticists reported multiple VUS classification systems; the most commonly used was word-based in 32  %. CONCLUSIONS: A consistent and standardised format to report particularly VUS results across all diagnostic laboratories plus additional training of UK BCS will be necessary for effective mainstreaming of @entity5345 testing to the oncology clinic.

title: Understanding of @entity5345 VUS genetic results by XXXX specialists.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3702 is an extremely serious form of abusive @entity542 , the extent of which is unknown in Canada. Our objective was to describe, from a national perspective, the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity1 admitted to hospital with @entity3702 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review, for the years 1988-1998, of the cases of @entity3702 that were reported to the @entity1 protection teams of 11 pediatric tertiary care hospitals in Canada. @entity3702 was defined as any case reported at each institution of intracranial, intraocular or cervical @entity130 resulting from a substantiated or suspected shaking, with or without impact, in @entity1 aged less than 5 years. RESULTS: The median age of subjects was 4.6 months (range 7 days to 58 months), and 56% were @entity1 . Presenting complaints for the 364 @entity1 identified as having @entity3702 were nonspecific ( @entity410 -like episode [45%], decreased level of consciousness [43%] and respiratory difficulty [34%]), though @entity2981 was noted on examination in 46%. A history and/or clinical evidence of previous maltreatment was noted in 220 @entity1 (60%), and 80 families (22%) had had previous involvement with @entity1 welfare authorities. As a direct result of the shaking, 69 @entity1 died (19%) and, of those who survived, 162 (55%) had ongoing @entity16 and 192 (65%) had @entity227 . Only 65 (22%) of those who survived were considered to show no signs of @entity73 at the time of discharge. INTERPRETATION: @entity3702 results in an extremely high degree of mortality and morbidity. Ongoing care of these @entity1 places a substantial burden on the medical system, caregivers and society.

title: XXXX in Canada: clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['shaken baby syndrome', 'Shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['health or developmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury']

answer: @entity3702 :: (MESH:D038642,Disease) :: ['Shaken baby syndrome']


abstract: Recent studies indicate that the incidence of @entity1031 is increasing as a secondary complication in @entity1 with serious underlying diseases. The mechanism to eliminate these thrombi via the thrombolytic system in @entity1 is unknown. The baseline fibrinolytic system is age dependent, with significant variation between @entity1 and adults. Adult studies would suggest that the fibrinolytic response to @entity432 has more clinical relevance than the baseline fibrinolytic system. The aim of this study was to determine whether the fibrinolytic response to @entity432 stress testing in healthy adolescents differs from the response in healthy adults. Healthy adolescents (13-18 y) from a school population and normal adults were recruited. Pre- and postvenous occlusion blood samples were collected using standard techniques. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator, @entity2289 , plasminogen, alpha(2)-antiplasmin, alpha(2)-macroglubulin, D-dimers, euglobulin lysis time, and fibrinogen were measured on each sample. Adolescents had significantly decreased tissue plasminogen activator antigen levels and increased @entity2289 activity levels after @entity432 , resulting in significantly prolonged euglobulin lysis times. The results of our study confirm developmental differences in the fibrinolytic response to @entity432 stress testing. The age-related differences in fibrinolytic response to @entity432 of younger @entity1 and the significance of these differences on the pathophysiology of @entity1031 in @entity1 require further studies.

title: Fibrinolytic system in adolescents: response to XXXX stress tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous occlusion']


abstract: N-[3-[[[(1S)-4-(5-Amino-2-pyridinyl)-1-[[4-difluoromethylene)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl]butyl]amino]sulfonyl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl]acetamide hydrochloride ( @entity72234 ) is a novel, potent, and selective @entity7102 inhibitor. We have examined the antithrombotic properties of @entity72234 administered by i.v. and p.o. routes in several different animal @entity715 models in comparison with reference antithrombotic agents. Oral administration of @entity72234 produced dose-related antithrombotic effects in the following models; @entity35 @entity49 ( @entity2613 (50) 0.9 mg/kg p.o.), @entity35 silk thread arterio-venous (AV) shunt ( @entity2613 (50) 3.8 mg/kg p.o.), @entity35 thromboplastin-induced AV shunt ( @entity2613 (50) 3.1 mg/kg p.o.), @entity35 carotid artery @entity715 ( @entity2613 (200) 5.9 mg/kg p.o.), and @entity95 @entity49 ( @entity2613 (50) 7.5 mg/kg p.o.). Administered as an i.v. bolus, @entity72234 showed antithrombotic activity in the above models with @entity2613 (50)/ @entity2613 (200) values in the range of 0.2 to 1.9 mg/kg i.v. @entity72234 increased @entity35 tail transection bleeding time at doses > or =10 mg/kg p.o. In the @entity35 thromboplastin-induced AV shunt model, @entity72234 10 mg/kg p.o. produced marked antithrombotic effects at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after administration. Hence, @entity72234 demonstrates potent oral antithrombotic properties in animal venous, AV-shunt, and @entity715 models.

title: Antithrombotic properties of @entity72234 , a new, orally active XXXX inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity7102 :: (29251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: N-[3-[[[(1S)-4-(5-Amino-2-pyridinyl)-1-[[4-difluoromethylene)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl]butyl]amino]sulfonyl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl]acetamide hydrochloride ( @entity72234 ) is a novel, potent, and selective @entity7102 inhibitor. We have examined the antithrombotic properties of @entity72234 administered by i.v. and p.o. routes in several different animal @entity715 models in comparison with reference antithrombotic agents. Oral administration of @entity72234 produced dose-related antithrombotic effects in the following models; @entity35 @entity49 ( @entity2613 (50) 0.9 mg/kg p.o.), @entity35 silk thread arterio-venous (AV) shunt ( @entity2613 (50) 3.8 mg/kg p.o.), @entity35 thromboplastin-induced AV shunt ( @entity2613 (50) 3.1 mg/kg p.o.), @entity35 carotid artery @entity715 ( @entity2613 (200) 5.9 mg/kg p.o.), and @entity95 @entity49 ( @entity2613 (50) 7.5 mg/kg p.o.). Administered as an i.v. bolus, @entity72234 showed antithrombotic activity in the above models with @entity2613 (50)/ @entity2613 (200) values in the range of 0.2 to 1.9 mg/kg i.v. @entity72234 increased @entity35 tail transection bleeding time at doses > or =10 mg/kg p.o. In the @entity35 thromboplastin-induced AV shunt model, @entity72234 10 mg/kg p.o. produced marked antithrombotic effects at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after administration. Hence, @entity72234 demonstrates potent oral antithrombotic properties in animal venous, AV-shunt, and @entity715 models.

title: Antithrombotic properties of XXXX , a new, orally active @entity7102 inhibitor.

answer: @entity72234 :: (MESH:C469682,Chemical) :: ['SSR182289A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantitate the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain in @entity1 with @entity388 ( @entity388 ) and repeat this daily using a portable video head impulse test device to assess vestibular recovery in the acute stage of @entity388 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled adults with symptoms and signs of @entity388 presenting to the emergency department within 48 h of symptom onset. We recorded the eye movement response to rapid head impulses using the ICS Impulse(   ) video head impulse test device on each day of their hospital admission. RESULTS: There were eight @entity1 (75% @entity1 , aged 35-85 years) who had marked variation in their initial vestibulo-ocular reflex gains. Three @entity1 had vestibulo-ocular reflex gains in the normal range initially, despite having physical signs of @entity388 . Two @entity1 had initial contralesional gains below the normal range, associated with markedly reduced @entity1017 . Most @entity1 ' vestibulo-ocular reflex gains increased during admission, but four @entity1 ' @entity1017 remained in the abnormal range. @entity1 with @entity2194 were less likely to improve into the normal range. No @entity1 with initially abnormal @entity2194 recovered normal vestibulo-ocular reflex gain along with resolution of physical signs. CONCLUSION: Early video head impulse testing in the emergency department and each day of admission is feasible and well tolerated. There is marked variation in @entity2194 in @entity1 with symptoms and signs of @entity388 , and low initial VOR gains are a predictor for low VOR gains on subsequent days. Improvement in VOR gains was seen in most @entity1 .

title: A video-oculographic study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['lower vestibulo-ocular reflex gains', 'VOR gain']

entities_list: @entity388 :: ('MESH:D020338', 'Disease') :: ['acute vestibular neuritis', 'VN']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilesional gains']

answer: @entity388 :: (MESH:D020338,Disease) :: ['acute vestibular syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Either enucleation or more extended resection is performed to treat @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). Aim was to analyze the postoperative complications for each operation separately. Furthermore, independent risk factors for complications and incidence of @entity3210 were analyzed. METHODS: Retrospective all resected @entity1 from two academic hospitals in The Netherlands between 1992 and 2013 were included. @entity260 were scored by both ISGPS and Clavien-Dindo criteria. Based on @entity5 location, operations were compared. Independent risk factors for overall complications were identified. During long-term follow-up, @entity3210 and recurrent disease were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity5 enucleation was performed in 60/205 @entity1 (29  %), pancreatoduodenectomy in 65/205 (31  %), distal pancreatectomy in 72/205 (35  %) and central pancreatectomy in 8/205 (4  %) @entity1 . Overall complications after @entity5 enucleation of the pancreatic head and pancreatoduodenectomy were comparable, 24/35 (69  %) versus 52/65 (80  %). The same was found after @entity5 enucleation and resection of the pancreatic tail (36 vs.58  %). Number of re-interventions and readmissions were comparable between all operations. After pancreatoduodenectomy, 33/65 @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 and in @entity1 with @entity5 size  <=2  cm, 55  % had lymph node @entity3 . @entity5 in the head and BMI >= 25  kg/m(2) were independent risk factors for complications after enucleation. During follow-up, incidence of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was significant higher after pancreatoduodenectomy (resp. 55 and 19  %) compared to the @entity5 enucleation and distal pancreatectomy(resp. 5 and 7  % vs.8 and 13  %). After @entity5 enucleation 19  % developed recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Since the complication rate, need for re-interventions and readmissions were comparable for all resections, @entity5 enucleation may be regarded as high risk. Appropriate operation should be based on @entity5 size, location, and functional status of the @entity788 .

title: Postoperative Outcomes of Enucleation and Standard Resections in @entity1 with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pNET', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Either enucleation or more extended resection is performed to treat @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). Aim was to analyze the postoperative complications for each operation separately. Furthermore, independent risk factors for complications and incidence of @entity3210 were analyzed. METHODS: Retrospective all resected @entity1 from two academic hospitals in The Netherlands between 1992 and 2013 were included. @entity260 were scored by both ISGPS and Clavien-Dindo criteria. Based on @entity5 location, operations were compared. Independent risk factors for overall complications were identified. During long-term follow-up, @entity3210 and recurrent disease were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity5 enucleation was performed in 60/205 @entity1 (29  %), pancreatoduodenectomy in 65/205 (31  %), distal pancreatectomy in 72/205 (35  %) and central pancreatectomy in 8/205 (4  %) @entity1 . Overall complications after @entity5 enucleation of the pancreatic head and pancreatoduodenectomy were comparable, 24/35 (69  %) versus 52/65 (80  %). The same was found after @entity5 enucleation and resection of the pancreatic tail (36 vs.58  %). Number of re-interventions and readmissions were comparable between all operations. After pancreatoduodenectomy, 33/65 @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 and in @entity1 with @entity5 size  <=2  cm, 55  % had lymph node @entity3 . @entity5 in the head and BMI >= 25  kg/m(2) were independent risk factors for complications after enucleation. During follow-up, incidence of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was significant higher after pancreatoduodenectomy (resp. 55 and 19  %) compared to the @entity5 enucleation and distal pancreatectomy(resp. 5 and 7  % vs.8 and 13  %). After @entity5 enucleation 19  % developed recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Since the complication rate, need for re-interventions and readmissions were comparable for all resections, @entity5 enucleation may be regarded as high risk. Appropriate operation should be based on @entity5 size, location, and functional status of the @entity788 .

title: Postoperative Outcomes of Enucleation and Standard Resections in XXXX with a @entity788 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6087 ( @entity6087 ) is a curable entity frequently encountered by neurosurgeons. The present study was conducted to explore expert opinion and common practice in Iran. Besides, a Review of randomized clinical trials in literature was performed. A questionnaire including six questions discussing major aspects of practice on @entity6087 , with multiple choices was designed. A pilot study was performed for reliability analysis of the questionnaire. A total of 100 neurosurgeons were selected randomly from the members of Iranian Association of Neurological Surgeons. Frequency of answers to each item, differences in response rates and correlation of various categories were analyzed using Chi-square statistics. The mean duration of experience was 15.4    5 years, with a range of 10 to 37 years. The most common initial procedure of choice was @entity937 (64%). At recurrent cases, surgical approach was changed to craniotomy at one-third of those treated initially with @entity937 . The @entity1 believed that surgical technique was predictive of outcome and recurrence. Burr-hole without drainage was used by less expert neurosurgeons (mean 12.5    6), however, @entity937 was the dominant technique at more than 15 years of experience and craniectomy was used only by @entity1 with more than 30 years of experience (10%). Irrigation was used by most of the neurosurgeons (87.5%) in combination with drainage and @entity937 . The majority of @entity1 used flat position at the postoperative period. At the current study, the pattern of management for @entity6087 was similar to other reports at literature suggesting the @entity937 and irrigation as optimal treatment. Individualized decision-making could be made at challenging cases.

title: The Optimal Surgical Approach for Treatment of XXXX : Questionnaire Assessment of Practice in Iran and Review of Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['burr-hole drainage', 'burr-hole']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic subdural hematoma', 'CSDH']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['Chronic Subdural Hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right paraesophageal lymph nodes (RPELNs) are located behind right recurrent laryngeal nerve which often ignored in central compartment lymph nodes (LNs) dissection of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) @entity1 . The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for RPELN @entity3 and indications for RPELN dissection. METHODS: Medical record of 246 consecutive @entity3557 @entity1 (194 female, 52 male), who underwent total thyroidectomy (244 @entity1 ) or right lobectomy (2 @entity1 ) with central compartment LN dissection (13 ipsilateral and 233 bilateral), were reviewed. The RPELNs were kept separately during the operation. The clinical pathology data was collected and analyzed. RESULTS: RPELN @entity3 was confirmed in 33 @entity1 (13.4%) and were discovered in 18.5% (31/168) of right lesion, 34.4% (31/90) of right central group LN (rCLN) @entity3 , 33.3% (18/54) of lateral compartment LN (LLN) @entity3 , 25.7% (9/35) of local recurrent @entity1 respectively. The ultrasound suspected metastatic LNs, @entity5 diameter, @entity5 number, @entity5 location, and numbers of metastatic Delphian LNs, central group LNs (CLNs), rCLNs, and LLNs between @entity1 with and without RPELN @entity3 showed significant differences in univariate analysis (P  <  0.05). In multivariate analysis, number of metastatic rCLNs (1-2: OR 13.6, 95% CI, 2.7-67.5;    3: OR39.4, 95% CI, 7.7-200.9), right side @entity5 (OR 6.4, 95% CI, 1.1-35.6), and three or more metastatic LLNs (OR 3.5, 95% CI, 1.2-10.2) were independent risk factors for RPELN @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3557 @entity1 with @entity75 , especially with potential rCLN @entity3 , are at considerable risk of RPELN @entity3 . RPELN dissection should be considered in these @entity1 .

title: Risk factors and indication for dissection of right paraesophageal lymph node XXXX in @entity3557 .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right lobe lesions']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right paraesophageal lymph nodes (RPELNs) are located behind right recurrent laryngeal nerve which often ignored in central compartment lymph nodes (LNs) dissection of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) @entity1 . The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for RPELN @entity3 and indications for RPELN dissection. METHODS: Medical record of 246 consecutive @entity3557 @entity1 (194 female, 52 male), who underwent total thyroidectomy (244 @entity1 ) or right lobectomy (2 @entity1 ) with central compartment LN dissection (13 ipsilateral and 233 bilateral), were reviewed. The RPELNs were kept separately during the operation. The clinical pathology data was collected and analyzed. RESULTS: RPELN @entity3 was confirmed in 33 @entity1 (13.4%) and were discovered in 18.5% (31/168) of right lesion, 34.4% (31/90) of right central group LN (rCLN) @entity3 , 33.3% (18/54) of lateral compartment LN (LLN) @entity3 , 25.7% (9/35) of local recurrent @entity1 respectively. The ultrasound suspected metastatic LNs, @entity5 diameter, @entity5 number, @entity5 location, and numbers of metastatic Delphian LNs, central group LNs (CLNs), rCLNs, and LLNs between @entity1 with and without RPELN @entity3 showed significant differences in univariate analysis (P  <  0.05). In multivariate analysis, number of metastatic rCLNs (1-2: OR 13.6, 95% CI, 2.7-67.5;    3: OR39.4, 95% CI, 7.7-200.9), right side @entity5 (OR 6.4, 95% CI, 1.1-35.6), and three or more metastatic LLNs (OR 3.5, 95% CI, 1.2-10.2) were independent risk factors for RPELN @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3557 @entity1 with @entity75 , especially with potential rCLN @entity3 , are at considerable risk of RPELN @entity3 . RPELN dissection should be considered in these @entity1 .

title: Risk factors and indication for dissection of right paraesophageal lymph node @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: The effects of @entity13756 on the incorporation of @entity6893 into @entity8789 have been studied for more than 40 years in many species and under varying exposure conditions. Nevertheless, the database for this drinking water contaminant is still incomplete, particularly with regard to @entity1 developmental risk. A method for integrating the available data and forming meaningful conclusions for risk assessment is needed. To this end, an initial suite of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models has been developed, which incorporates physiological data for the relevant species and life stages and kinetic data for @entity13756 and @entity6893 , as well as the interaction between the two anions. The validated models successfully describe @entity13756 -induced inhibition of thyroid @entity6893 uptake and @entity13756 and @entity6893 kinetics in the male, pregnant, lactating, fetal, and neonatal @entity35 and the adult @entity1 . The relationships of model-predicted internal dose metrics and kinetic parameters allow a direct comparison of internal dose metrics across life stages in @entity35 and @entity1 . By incorporating all the available data, these models provide a framework for species and life stage extrapolation where the lack of specific data sets would otherwise limit predictive capability. This paper demonstrates two approaches for calculating life stage-specific equivalent doses in a risk assessment for @entity13756 : the direct combination of validated model predictions, and the development of preliminary PBPK models for the @entity1 -sensitive populations based on the relationship of the parameters in the validated @entity35 and @entity1 models. Either approach can be used to perform the needed dosimetry. However, the second approach provides the advantage of a preliminary @entity1 life stage-specific PBPK model that can be used for identification of key data gaps and estimation of uncertainty.

title: The use of physiologically based models to integrate diverse data sets and reduce uncertainty in the prediction of XXXX and @entity6893 kinetics across life stages and species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8789 :: ('MESH:D013963', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormones']

entities_list: @entity13756 :: ('MESH:C494474', 'Chemical') :: ['perchlorate']

answer: @entity13756 :: (MESH:C494474,Chemical) :: ['perchlorate']