abstract: BACKGROUND: Spider phobics show an exaggerated fear response when encountering spiders. This fear response is aggravated by negative and irrational beliefs about the feared object. Cognitive reappraisal can target these beliefs, and therefore has a fear regulating effect. The presented study investigated if neurofeedback derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) would facilitate @entity148 regulation by cognitive reappraisal, using @entity913 as a model of @entity148 . Feedback was provided based on activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right insula, as indicators of engagement and regulation success, respectively. METHODS: Eighteen female spider phobics participated in a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. All @entity1 completed a training session in the MRI scanner. @entity1 assigned to the neurofeedback condition were instructed to shape their regulatory strategy based on the provided feedback. @entity1 assigned to the control condition were asked to adapt their strategy intuitively. RESULTS: Neurofeedback @entity1 exhibited lower @entity148 levels than the control group at the end of the training. In addition, only neurofeedback @entity1 achieved down-regulation of insula activation levels by cognitive reappraisal. Group differences became more pronounced over time, supporting learning as a mechanism behind this effect. Importantly, within the neurofeedback group, achieved changes in insula activation levels during training predicted long-term @entity148 reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study provides first evidence that fMRI neurofeedback has a facilitating effect on @entity148 regulation in @entity913 .

title: fMRI neurofeedback facilitates XXXX regulation in females with @entity913 .

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['spider phobia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spider phobics show an exaggerated fear response when encountering spiders. This fear response is aggravated by negative and irrational beliefs about the feared object. Cognitive reappraisal can target these beliefs, and therefore has a fear regulating effect. The presented study investigated if neurofeedback derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) would facilitate @entity148 regulation by cognitive reappraisal, using @entity913 as a model of @entity148 . Feedback was provided based on activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right insula, as indicators of engagement and regulation success, respectively. METHODS: Eighteen female spider phobics participated in a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. All @entity1 completed a training session in the MRI scanner. @entity1 assigned to the neurofeedback condition were instructed to shape their regulatory strategy based on the provided feedback. @entity1 assigned to the control condition were asked to adapt their strategy intuitively. RESULTS: Neurofeedback @entity1 exhibited lower @entity148 levels than the control group at the end of the training. In addition, only neurofeedback @entity1 achieved down-regulation of insula activation levels by cognitive reappraisal. Group differences became more pronounced over time, supporting learning as a mechanism behind this effect. Importantly, within the neurofeedback group, achieved changes in insula activation levels during training predicted long-term @entity148 reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study provides first evidence that fMRI neurofeedback has a facilitating effect on @entity148 regulation in @entity913 .

title: fMRI neurofeedback facilitates @entity148 regulation in females with XXXX .

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['spider phobia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity is hypothesized to be one of the major mechanisms responsible for dopaminergic @entity528 in @entity191 . However, loss of complex I activity by  systemic deletion of the @entity67834 gene, one of the subunits comprising complex I, does not cause dopaminergic @entity528 in culture. Here, we generated @entity19 with conditional @entity67834 knockout in dopaminergic neurons ( @entity67834 conditional knockout @entity19 [cKO]) to examine the effect of complex  I  inhibition on dopaminergic neuron function and survival during aging and on @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ) treatment in  vivo. @entity67834 cKO @entity19 did not show enhanced dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta or @entity935 -dependent @entity51 over the 24-month life span. These @entity19 were just as susceptible to @entity5212 as control @entity19 . However, compared with control @entity19 , @entity67834 cKO @entity19 exhibited an age-dependent reduction of @entity935 in the striatum and increased a-synuclein phosphorylation in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. We also used an inducible @entity67834 knockout @entity19 ( @entity67834  inducible knockout) in which @entity67834 is conditionally deleted in all cells in adult to examine the effect of adult onset, complex I inhibition on @entity5212 sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons. The @entity67834 inducible knockout @entity19 exhibited similar sensitivity to @entity5212 as control littermates. These data suggest that mitochondrial complex I inhibition in dopaminergic neurons does contribute to @entity935 loss and the development of a-synuclein pathology. However, it is not sufficient to cause cell-autonomous dopaminergic @entity528 during the normal life span of @entity19 . Furthermore, mitochondrial complex I inhibition does not underlie @entity5212 @entity137 in  vivo in either cell autonomous or nonautonomous manner. These results provide strong evidence that inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity is not sufficient to cause dopaminergic @entity528 during aging nor does it contribute to @entity935 neuron @entity137 in the @entity5212 model of @entity191 . These findings suggest the existence of alternative mechanisms of dopaminergic @entity528 independent  of mitochondrial complex I inhibition.

title: Genetic reduction of mitochondrial complex I function does not lead to loss of XXXX neurons in  vivo.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron death']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Aims. To optimize and verify the regulatory pathway of @entity70704 in the pathogenesis of @entity356 ( @entity356 ) by intelligent algorithm. Methods. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the features of structural domain in @entity70704 protein. Proteins with the same domains and similar functions to @entity70704 were screened out for reference. The possible regulatory pathway of @entity70704 was established by integrating the acting pathways of these proteins. Then, the similarity between the reference proteins and @entity70704 protein was figured out by multiparameter weighted summation method. The calculation result was taken as the prior probability of the initial node in Bayesian network. Besides, the probability of occurrence in different pathways was calculated by conditional probability formula, and the one with the maximum probability was regarded as the most possible pathway of @entity70704 . Finally, molecular biological experiments were conducted to prove it. Results. In Bayesian network of @entity70704 , probability of the acting pathway "S100A11 > @entity5764 > @entity1435 > MAPK > @entity7333 > Spindle protein > Centromere protein > Cell proliferation" was the biggest, and it was also validated by biological experiments. Conclusions. The possibly important role of @entity70704 in the occurrence of @entity356 was verified by theoretical analysis and preliminary test, helping in studying the relationship between @entity70704 and @entity356 .

title: Optimization and Corroboration of the Regulatory Pathway of p42.3 Protein in the Pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7333 :: ('51115', 'Gene') :: ['Microtubule-associated protein']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'GC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity601 are rare congenital lesions of the spine and are lined with entodermal epithelium. They result from anomalous endodermal-neuroectodermal adhesion in the 3rd week of embryonic life with persistence of canal of Kovalevsky. The nature of the eventual abnormality depends on the extent to which this adhesion subsequently disappears. Persistence of the entire tract results in the extreme form of combined anterior and posterior @entity3570 with dorsal enteric @entity292 and persistence of only a part of the tract producing the isolated intraspinal cyst. The most common location is the cervico-dorsal region, and usually it lies ventral to the spinal cord. The lumbosacral location is uncommon. Associated @entity3574 , @entity45 , bowel duplication, the presence of keratin markers and @entity3558 -secreting cuboidal or columnar intestinal epithelium in their walls confirm their entodermal origin. @entity1 : We describe here three unusual cases of @entity601 in @entity1 aged 5-18 years who had already had symptoms for some time. One of these had a cyst sited predominantly in the sacral canal, another presented with a lumbar neurenteric cyst, and the third @entity1 had an intradural extramedullary thoracic lesion. Two of these @entity1 had associated anomalies, the one with lumbar cyst also having a lipomeningomyelocele and @entity3570 while the other also had deformed vertebrae. All three @entity1 underwent laminectomy and gross excision of the cysts through a posterior approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity601 was confirmed by demonstrating @entity3558 -producing cuboidal or columnar epithelium lining the cystic cavity.

title: Intraspinal XXXX --report of three paediatric cases.

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral anomalies']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neurenteric cysts', 'Neurenteric cysts']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['gut cysts']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['neurenteric cysts']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity76 are the most @entity5 of the CNS. Seventy to eighty percent are found in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We report on 38 @entity1 under 18 who had @entity76 in the posterior fossa and were treated by a multidisciplinary team in our Neurosurgical Department from January 1974 to December 1997. We included all @entity1 in whom the histopathological diagnosis was @entity816 , regardless of @entity5 . The diagnostic methods used were pneumoventriculography, cranial X-rays, CT scan, and MRI. All @entity1 were treated surgically. Neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy was indicated in @entity1 with pilocytic or @entity816 . A greater prevalence was observed in female (25/38; 66%) than in male (13/38; 34%) @entity1 . Histopathological results revealed 27 (71%) @entity816 , 8 (21%) diffuse @entity816 , 1 (2%) anaplastic @entity463 . These @entity5 were more frequently located in the right cerebellar hemisphere; @entity428 was the most frequent form of clinical presentation. Total @entity5 resection was obtained in 29 (83%) cases and subtotal resection in 9 (17%). In 6 (16%) cases, ventriculoperitoneal shunts were placed to control persistent @entity1276 after @entity5 excision. CONCLUSION: The most frequent complication was @entity2055 . The mortality rate was 8.5%.

title: XXXX : a 24-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillary astrocytomas', 'pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebellar astrocytomas', 'cerebellar astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma and 2 (6%) glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['increased ataxia']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['Cerebellar astrocytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Correction of @entity85 in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is performed to maintain adequate seating posture and facilitate comfort. Delaying surgery can predispose to greater morbidity as @entity1555 exhibits progressive cardiorespiratory compromise. Early limited instrumentation may provide a solution to optimize @entity1 with this condition. PURPOSE: The aim was to assess outcomes for a cohort of @entity1555 @entity1 who had posterior single-rod instrumentation and bilateral spinal fusion of their neuromuscular @entity85 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. @entity1 SAMPLE: Forty-one consecutive @entity1 were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative morbidity, seating outcomes, pulmonary function, deformity correction, and instrumentation integrity were assessed. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic review was performed. RESULTS: No perioperative @entity16 was encountered. Total surgical time was 96 minutes, mean @entity190 was 2.3l, mean intensive care unit stay was 41 hours, and overall length of stay was 11 days. Mean Cobb angle improved from 24.3   to 15.6  , pelvic obliquity improved from 7   preoperatively to 5   postoperatively. Three @entity1 had failure of fixation at a mean of 3.5 years. Forced vital capacity was 60% preoperatively and 56% at 1 year, forced expiratory volume/1 second was 67% and 62% at 1 year postoperatively. Seating and posture was satisfactory in all these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors advocate early operative intervention using a limited instrumentation technique in @entity1 with @entity1555 to maintain seating balance and minimize perioperative morbidity.

title: Early limited instrumentation of scoliosis in XXXX : is a single-rod construct sufficient?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mortality or neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['scoliotic deformity']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Early identification of potential recovery of @entity772 is a major challenge. We studied the additional predictive value of EEG. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-seven consecutive @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 were included in a prospective cohort study on 2 intensive care units. Continuous EEG was measured during the first 3 days. EEGs were classified as unfavorable (isoelectric, low-voltage, burst-suppression with identical bursts), intermediate, or favorable (continuous patterns), at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Outcome was dichotomized as good or poor. Resuscitation, demographic, clinical, somatosensory evoked potential, and EEG measures were related to outcome at 6 months using logistic regression analysis. Analyses of diagnostic accuracy included receiver operating characteristics and calculation of predictive values. RESULTS: Poor outcome occurred in 149 @entity1 (54%). Single measures unequivocally predicting poor outcome were an unfavorable EEG pattern at 24 hours, absent pupillary light responses at 48 hours, and absent somatosensory evoked potentials at 72 hours. Together, these had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 50%. For the remaining 203 @entity1 , who were still in the "gray zone" at 72 hours, a predictive model including unfavorable EEG patterns at 12 hours, absent or extensor motor response to @entity158 at 72 hours, and higher age had an area under the curve of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.96). Favorable EEG patterns at 12 hours were strongly associated with good outcome. EEG beyond 24 hours had no additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: EEG within 24 hours is a robust contributor to prediction of poor or good outcome of @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 .

title: Early EEG contributes to multimodal outcome prediction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose', 'postanoxic coma']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['postanoxic coma']


abstract: Testing of the integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery has become routine practice for many surgeons to aid dissection and minimise the chance of @entity128 . We hypothesised that routine reversal of an intermediate-acting, non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent would improve conditions for stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We conducted a single-centre, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of @entity1 undergoing thyroid surgery by the same surgeon. After randomisation, the @entity1 received either @entity1339 2.5 mg with @entity10445 0.4 mg or placebo, at 30 minutes after induction of anaesthesia and administration of 0.4 mg/kg of @entity5159 . The primary outcome was the subjective assessment by the surgeon as to whether the neuromuscular function was adequate for stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve using a neuromuscular integrity monitor (NIM). Time to NIM stimulation was 44.6 minutes in the placebo group and 41.4 minutes in the intervention group (P=0.268). Of the 21 @entity1 who received the @entity4094 reversal, 20 (95.2%) had adequate surgical conditions for NIM stimulation, compared to 9 out of 18 @entity1 (50%) in the placebo group (P=0.002). Three of the ten @entity1 (30%) with inadequate reversal showed no evidence of residual blockade assessed peripherally. The routine reversal of @entity4094 at 30 minutes post induction appears to result in adequate surgical conditions for safe stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. @entity4094 at a peripheral site does not guarantee adequate laryngeal muscle function for use of the NIM.

title: The effect of routine reversal of XXXX on adequacy of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation during thyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Return of neuromuscular function', 'neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['inadvertent nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: A comparative study chiefly of the recurrence rate of @entity6087 after two treatment modalities was conducted. @entity1 were divided into a burr hole strict closed-system drainage group ( @entity5099 group; n=56) and a burr hole closed-system drainage with irrigation group ( @entity6659 group; n=45). The burr hole strict closed-system drainage involved simply inserting a drainage tube into the @entity6675 as quickly as possible after minimally incising the haematoma capsule. The introduction of air into the @entity6675 was prevented, and irrigation was not performed. Symptoms in both @entity1585 disappeared soon after surgery, with no @entity260 . Haematoma recurred in one @entity1 (1.8%) of the @entity5099 group compared with 5 (11.1%) of the @entity6659 group. The rate of recurrence was significantly lower for the @entity5099 than for the @entity6659 group (p<0.05). In 4 of 5 recurrences in the @entity6659 group, the volume of residual intracapsular air was sufficient after initial surgery. These results suggested that postoperative residual intracapsular air is a factor contributing to recurrence. Burr hole strict closed-system drainage is a simple, less invasive procedure with which to treat @entity6087 and the outcome is excellent. Furthermore, prevention of intracapsular air intrusion during surgery might help prevent recurrence.

title: Strict closed-system drainage for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['haematoma cavity']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']


abstract: We report a case of a 31 year-old @entity1 who in 1991 presented a clinical history of @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 . CT scan showed a right frontotemporal @entity1653 . The first operation achieved a macroscopically complete resection. The @entity5 was histologically classified as a transitional @entity1653 . There were recurrences of the @entity1653 in 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998. These recurrences were accompanied by differentiation to atypical and @entity1653 . In all of these operations, a macroscopically complete resection of the @entity5 was performed. In 1996 adjuvant radiation therapy was given. In 1998 therapy with @entity2847 was adopted. In April 1999, the @entity1 presented with @entity158 associated with L5 bilateral sciatica. MRI showed a @entity2287 enhancing mass lesion at L5-S1 level. Complete @entity5 resection was performed. The histological findings were the same as in 1998. In December 1999 the @entity1 presented with perineal @entity158 and MRI showed a L4 and S3 recurrence and the @entity5 was resected. The histological findings were those of a @entity5 . In February 2000 an intracranial recurrence was detected and operated on. The histological diagnosis was @entity5 . A review of the literature was undertake and is discussed.

title: Recurrent lumbosacral metastases from XXXX . Report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningioma', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic meningioma', 'intracranial meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'lumbosacral pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adult @entity165 screening and treatment policies by the National @entity165 Education Program recommend that physicians screen all adults aged > 20 [corrected]. On the other hand, the American College of Physicians recommends that healthy young adult @entity1 aged > 35 and premenopausal @entity1 aged > 45 not be screened due to concerns about the cost of and health risks associated with overuse of pharmacologic therapy in lieu of lifestyle modification. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the type of treatment (lifestyle vs. pharmacologic) that physicians actually prescribe for individuals screened for elevated @entity165 . METHODS: Self-report data were derived from the 1989-1990 cross-sectional survey of the Stanford Five-City Project on 1,883 Latino and Anglo @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20 to 74 years of age. A four-stage sequential design was conducted using multiple stepwise regression analyses with a significance cutpoint of P < .01. RESULTS: Young adult @entity1 and @entity1 were significantly less likely to report ever having been screened (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.07-1.09). Individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) were also significantly less likely to report ever being screened (OR, 1.12; CI, 1.08-1.16), as were Latino @entity1 and @entity1 , regardless of age (OR 1.57; CI, 1.14-2.18). There were no significant differences in the pattern of physician care utilization among low SES or Latino individuals during the previous 12-month period. Among those under physician care to lower @entity165 , young adults were more likely to be prescribed lifestyle modification (OR, 0.95; CI, 0.92-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that although young adults are less likely to be screened, if screened they are more likely to be prescribed lifestyle modification than pharmacologic treatment for elevated @entity165 . The lower prevalence of screening among low SES and Latino individuals suggests the need for policy discussions to reduce these disparities.

title: Determinants of XXXX screening and treatment patterns. Insights for decision-makers.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND PURPOSE: @entity8 are a prominent feature of the VATER association. Administration of @entity632 to timed-pregnant @entity35 resulted in a spectrum of anomalies similar to the @entity1 VATER association. The aim of this study is to describe the @entity8 in the @entity632 animal model. METHODS: Timed-pregnant @entity35 were injected with @entity632 intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg on days 6 through 9 of gestation. Full-term fetuses were fixed in Bouin's solution and serial transverse sections were analyzed by light microscopy. All specimens were compared with suitable controls. RESULTS: In experimental animals, @entity8 were found in 98% of the examined fetuses. @entity1621 with kinking of the ureters was obvious. Ureteric @entity1146 led to obstructive @entity3551 . @entity1494 occurred in all experimental animals. Mesonephric ducts were seen joining a proximally blind-ending urethra in male animals. In females both paramesonephric ducts ended blindly after joining each other, and this resulted in @entity365 . In association with imperforate anus, a recto-urethral and a @entity790 was seen in male and female fetuses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1494 was an important feature in the @entity632 animal model. @entity3041 resulted from blind-ending ureters.

title: XXXX in the VATER animal model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal anomalies', 'renal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal atresia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder agenesis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['recto-urogenital fistula']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1086 is a rare @entity5 with unusual distribution, and few population-based estimates for the United States have been published. METHODS: Using population-based @entity5 incidence and mortality data, we examined U.S. @entity1086 incidence and @entity204 rates for 2007-2011 and trends for 1999-2011. RESULTS: During 2007 to 2011, approximately 3,700 @entity1 were diagnosed with primary @entity1086 (rate = 1.13 cases per 100,000) and 2,000 died from the disease (rate = 0.62 @entity204 per 100,000) each year in the United States. Two thirds of @entity1086 cases and @entity204 occurred among @entity1 . @entity1086 incidence and @entity204 rates were three times higher among American Indian and Alaska Native @entity1 than non-Hispanic white @entity1 . By state, @entity1086 incidence and @entity204 rates ranged by about 2-fold. During 1999 to 2011, @entity1086 incidence rates decreased among @entity1 but remained level among @entity1 ; @entity204 rates declined among @entity1 but stabilized among @entity1 after declining from 1999 to 2006. @entity1086 incidence rates increased in some subgroups, notably among black @entity1 , those aged <45 years, and for endocrine @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Data from U.S. population-based @entity5 registries confirm that @entity1086 incidence and @entity204 rates are higher among @entity1 than @entity1 , highest among American Indian and Alaska Native @entity1 , and differ by region. While overall incidence and @entity204 rates decreased during 1999 to 2011, incidence rates increased among some small subgroups. IMPACT: Surveillance of @entity1086 incidence and mortality, particularly to monitor increases in subgroups, may provide clues to etiology and stimulate further research.

title: XXXX Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999-2011.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['Gallbladder Cancer']


abstract: AIM: Ultrasound and biological tools are used to predict high-grade @entity3025 , but other markers are needed to better select @entity1 who need voiding cystography. Our aim was to determine whether studying @entity526 virulence factors would help to predict @entity3025 in @entity1 with their first acute @entity2885 . METHODS: We included @entity1 presenting with @entity526 -related acute @entity2885 or @entity2335 . Vesicoureteral reflux was assessed by voiding cystography. Virulence factors were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and the mean c-statistic test. RESULTS: We included 198 @entity1 : 30 with @entity2335 and 168 with acute @entity2885 , including 46 with @entity3025 . High-grade reflux was associated with acute @entity2885 caused by the @entity526 lacking virulence factors papGII (82% versus 47%, p  <  0.001) or papC (85% versus 53%, p  <  0.001) or belonging to phylogenetic group A or B1. When we added genetic data (lack of papGII, fyuA and phylogenetic groups) to classical predictors of @entity3025 (ultrasound examination, gender, age), the ability to predict high-grade reflux increased, with the c-statistic rising from 0.88 to 0.93. CONCLUSION: Bacterial virulence factors and clinical factors helped to predict high-grade reflux and may help to avoid unnecessary voiding cystographies.

title: XXXX virulence patterns may help to predict @entity3025 in paediatric urinary tract infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.  coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: AIM: Ultrasound and biological tools are used to predict high-grade @entity3025 , but other markers are needed to better select @entity1 who need voiding cystography. Our aim was to determine whether studying @entity526 virulence factors would help to predict @entity3025 in @entity1 with their first acute @entity2885 . METHODS: We included @entity1 presenting with @entity526 -related acute @entity2885 or @entity2335 . Vesicoureteral reflux was assessed by voiding cystography. Virulence factors were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and the mean c-statistic test. RESULTS: We included 198 @entity1 : 30 with @entity2335 and 168 with acute @entity2885 , including 46 with @entity3025 . High-grade reflux was associated with acute @entity2885 caused by the @entity526 lacking virulence factors papGII (82% versus 47%, p  <  0.001) or papC (85% versus 53%, p  <  0.001) or belonging to phylogenetic group A or B1. When we added genetic data (lack of papGII, fyuA and phylogenetic groups) to classical predictors of @entity3025 (ultrasound examination, gender, age), the ability to predict high-grade reflux increased, with the c-statistic rising from 0.88 to 0.93. CONCLUSION: Bacterial virulence factors and clinical factors helped to predict high-grade reflux and may help to avoid unnecessary voiding cystographies.

title: @entity526 virulence patterns may help to predict XXXX in paediatric urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The response adaptive randomization (RAR) method is used to increase the number of @entity1 assigned to more efficacious treatment arms in clinical trials. In many trials evaluating @entity3057 @entity1 outcomes, RAR methods based only on the final measurement may not benefit significantly from RAR because of its delayed initiation. We propose a Bayesian RAR method to improve RAR performance by accounting for @entity3057 @entity1 outcomes ( @entity3057 RAR). We use a Bayesian linear mixed effects model to analyze @entity3057 continuous @entity1 outcomes for calculating a @entity1 allocation probability. In addition, we aim to mitigate the loss of statistical power because of large @entity1 allocation imbalances by embedding adjusters into the @entity1 allocation probability calculation. Using extensive simulation we compared the operating characteristics of our proposed @entity3057 RAR method with those of the RAR method based only on the final measurement and with an equal randomization method. Simulation results showed that our proposed @entity3057 RAR method assigned more @entity1 to the presumably superior treatment arm compared with the other two methods. In addition, the embedded adjuster effectively worked to prevent extreme @entity1 allocation imbalances. However, our proposed method may not function adequately when the treatment effect difference is moderate or less, and still needs to be modified to deal with unexpectedly large departures from the presumed @entity3057 data model. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Bayesian response adaptive randomization using XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal']

answer: @entity3057 :: (MESH:D017887,Disease) :: ['longitudinal']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One major challenge in personalized medicine research is to identify the environmental factors that can alter drug response, and to investigate their molecular mechanisms. These environmental factors include co-medications, food, and nutrition or dietary supplements. The increasing use of dietary supplements and their potential interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes is a highly significant personalized medicine research domain, because most of the drugs on the market are metabolized through CYP450 enzymes. METHODS: Initial bioinformatics analysis revealed a number of regulators of CYP450 enzymes from a @entity1 liver bank gene expression quantitative loci data set. Then, a compound-gene network was constructed from the curated literature data. This network consisted of compounds that interact with either CYPs and/or their regulators that influence either their gene expression or activity. We further evaluated this finding in three different cell lines: JEG3, HeLa, and LNCaP cells. RESULTS: From a total of 868 interactions we were able to identify an interesting interaction between @entity1968 (i.e. @entity904 ) and the aromatase gene (i.e. @entity4819 ). Our experimental results showed that @entity1968 at physiological concentration significantly influenced @entity4819 gene expressions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the presence of @entity1968 may alter the efficacy of agents used to suppress aromatase expression.

title: A translational bioinformatic approach in identifying and validating an interaction between @entity904 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity4819 :: (1588,Gene) :: ['CYP19A1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One major challenge in personalized medicine research is to identify the environmental factors that can alter drug response, and to investigate their molecular mechanisms. These environmental factors include co-medications, food, and nutrition or dietary supplements. The increasing use of dietary supplements and their potential interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes is a highly significant personalized medicine research domain, because most of the drugs on the market are metabolized through CYP450 enzymes. METHODS: Initial bioinformatics analysis revealed a number of regulators of CYP450 enzymes from a @entity1 liver bank gene expression quantitative loci data set. Then, a compound-gene network was constructed from the curated literature data. This network consisted of compounds that interact with either CYPs and/or their regulators that influence either their gene expression or activity. We further evaluated this finding in three different cell lines: JEG3, HeLa, and LNCaP cells. RESULTS: From a total of 868 interactions we were able to identify an interesting interaction between @entity1968 (i.e. @entity904 ) and the aromatase gene (i.e. @entity4819 ). Our experimental results showed that @entity1968 at physiological concentration significantly influenced @entity4819 gene expressions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the presence of @entity1968 may alter the efficacy of agents used to suppress aromatase expression.

title: A translational bioinformatic approach in identifying and validating an interaction between XXXX and @entity4819 .

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin A']


abstract: Low levels of @entity167 may be hazardous in the elderly, but available education focuses on younger, abusive, and dependent drinkers. A total of 209 older @entity1 participated in various components of the development and evaluation of 'A Toast To Health In Later Life!' health promotion materials for the elderly. @entity1 focus groups, physicians, educators, and @entity167 -use researchers contributed to all materials and measures. An education model for older adults guided the instructional format. Knowledge and self-efficacy scores increased significantly from pre- to post-test. Over 45% of @entity1 in selected senior centers reviewed the materials without prompting by the study team. Older adults are willing to read extensively about the relationships among drinking, health, and medication use. @entity1 educators should include consumers in the design of health promotion materials and measures. Practitioners who rely on written educational materials for @entity1 education and counseling should be provided with evidence of appropriateness, effectiveness, and feasibility.

title: Informing older adults about non-hazardous, hazardous, and harmful XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'Patient', 'patient']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Over the last few years, there has been increased emphasis on early discharge of @entity1 following carotid endarterectomy in the United States. Recent studies have shown that short-stay hospitalization for carotid endarterectomy may be safe and cost-effective. However, this is not always possible because of reasons that are not clearly delineated. In order to optimize the early discharge of @entity1 following carotid endarterectomy, an analysis of the causes of delayed discharges was performed in the present series. Since @entity1344 has been shown to be the most frequent complication following carotid endarterectomy, the authors investigated whether it was an important factor preventing early @entity86 . This study reviewed the data of 100 consecutive @entity1 admitted for elective carotid endarterectomy. The incidence of post-carotid endarterectomy @entity1344 was 37% (n = 37), with @entity101 occurring in 25 @entity1 (68%) and @entity551 occurring in 12 @entity1 (32%). @entity1344 tended to occur with the use of general anesthesia as compared with regional anesthesia. @entity1344 did not correlate with pre-existent history of @entity101 , nor with the type of drug used when general anesthesia was applied. All the @entity1 were successfully treated either in the recovery room or in a monitored area. The average total length of stay was 1.65 days with 79% of the @entity1 being discharged on the first postoperative day and 21% having delayed discharge ranging from 2 to 15 days (mean 4 days). The main reasons for delayed discharges were @entity299 . Blood pressure instability accounted for only 2% of cases. Thus, these data show that @entity1344 does not significantly affect early discharge.

title: XXXX following carotid endarterectomy does not affect early discharge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and urinary tract complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative discharge']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic instability', 'hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['Hemodynamic instability']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conflicting reports are available with regard to the effects of childhood abuse and neglect on hippocampal function in @entity1 . While earlier imaging studies and some animal work have suggested that the effects of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) manifest only in adulthood, more recent studies have documented impaired hippocampal function in maltreated @entity1 and adolescents. Additional work using animal modes is needed to clarify the effects of @entity1642 on hippocampal development. In this regard, genomic, proteomic, and molecular tools uniquely available in the @entity19 make it a particularly attractive model system to study this issue. However, very little work has been done so far to characterize the effects of @entity1642 on hippocampal development in the @entity19 . To address this issue, we examined the effects of @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ), a @entity19 model of @entity1642 that impairs hippocampal-dependent memory in adulthood, on hippocampal development in 28-day-old juvenile @entity19 . This age was chosen because it corresponds to the developmental period in which @entity1 imaging studies have revealed abnormal hippocampal development in maltreated @entity1 . Exposure to @entity2794 caused a significant decrease in the total protein content of synaptosomes harvested from the hippocampus of 28-day-old male and female @entity19 , suggesting that @entity2794 impairs normal synaptic development in the juvenile hippocampus. Using a novel liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) assay, we found decreased expression of many synaptic proteins, as well as proteins involved in axonal growth, myelination, and mitochondrial activity. Golgi staining in 28-day-old @entity2794 @entity19 showed an increase in the number of immature and abnormally shaped spines and a decrease in the number of mature spines in @entity4778 neurons, consistent with defects in synaptic maturation and synaptic pruning at this age. In 14-day-old pups, @entity2794 deceased the expression of proteins involved in axonal growth and myelination, but did not affect the total protein content of synaptosomes harvested from the hippocampus, or protein levels of other synaptic markers. These results add two important findings to previous work in the field. First, our findings demonstrate that in 28-day-old juvenile @entity19 , @entity2794 impairs synaptic maturation and reduces the expression of proteins that are necessary for axonal growth, myelination, and mitochondrial function. Second, the results suggest a sequential model in which @entity2794 impairs normal axonal growth and myelination before it disrupts synaptic maturation in the juvenile hippocampus.

title: Early-Life Stress Perturbs Key Cellular Programs in the Developing XXXX Hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['BDS', 'brief daily separation']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['early-life stress', 'ELS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using @entity13672 ( @entity13672 ) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the @entity327 type b conjugate ( @entity11872 [ @entity14672 ] conjugated to @entity116 toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 @entity1 from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 microg of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 microg), and one-third doses (3.3 microg) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with > or =2.0 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 microg/ml for @entity1 who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-third-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from @entity1 receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean +/- standard error weighted average of @entity13672 molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 +/- 9.4, 123.6 +/- 26.8, and 150.9 +/- 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from @entity1 receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from @entity1 receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in @entity1 with > or = 2 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of @entity1 receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of @entity327 type b disease in countries with limited resources.

title: Functional antibody activity elicited by fractional doses of @entity327 type b conjugate vaccine ( @entity11872 - XXXX toxoid conjugate).

entities_list: @entity13672 :: ('MESH:C024553', 'Chemical') :: ['NaSCN', 'sodium thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity11872 :: ('MESH:C008984', 'Chemical') :: ['polyribosylribitol phosphate']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using @entity13672 ( @entity13672 ) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the @entity327 type b conjugate ( @entity11872 [ @entity14672 ] conjugated to @entity116 toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 @entity1 from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 microg of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 microg), and one-third doses (3.3 microg) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with > or =2.0 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 microg/ml for @entity1 who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-third-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from @entity1 receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean +/- standard error weighted average of @entity13672 molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 +/- 9.4, 123.6 +/- 26.8, and 150.9 +/- 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from @entity1 receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from @entity1 receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in @entity1 with > or = 2 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of @entity1 receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of @entity327 type b disease in countries with limited resources.

title: Functional antibody activity elicited by fractional doses of @entity327 type b conjugate vaccine ( XXXX - @entity116 toxoid conjugate).

answer: @entity11872 :: (MESH:C008984,Chemical) :: ['polyribosylribitol phosphate']


abstract: We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using @entity13672 ( @entity13672 ) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the @entity327 type b conjugate ( @entity11872 [ @entity14672 ] conjugated to @entity116 toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 @entity1 from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 microg of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 microg), and one-third doses (3.3 microg) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with > or =2.0 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 microg/ml for @entity1 who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-third-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from @entity1 receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean +/- standard error weighted average of @entity13672 molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 +/- 9.4, 123.6 +/- 26.8, and 150.9 +/- 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from @entity1 receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from @entity1 receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in @entity1 with > or = 2 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of @entity1 receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of @entity327 type b disease in countries with limited resources.

title: Functional antibody activity elicited by fractional doses of XXXX type b conjugate vaccine ( @entity11872 - @entity116 toxoid conjugate).

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Death from massive @entity548 due to @entity130 is potentially preventable after hospital admission using @entity548 control and improved resuscitation techniques including massive transfusion protocols. Massive transfusion protocols (MTP) are an essential element of damage control resuscitation and provide a coordinated clinical pathology response to massive @entity548 after hospital admission. The decision to activate and de-activate a MTP is based on a number of @entity1 and local factors. The purpose of this before-and-after study was to determine the impact of modifying a protocol to include emergency red cells. In addition, we investigated whether massive transfusion prediction models could have been used to guide on-going transfusion support. METHODS: Sequential MTP activations over three years, before and after protocol revision, were analysed. Percentage of MTP activation, component usage and outcome data were compared. @entity130 associated severe @entity548 (TASH) and assessment of blood consumption (ABC) scores were derived and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis undertaken for an outcome defined as the use of >6 red cell units. RESULTS: 52 @entity25341 and 66 MTP2 activations arose from 216 and 495 major @entity130 cases, respectively. Protocol change significantly reduced the MTP activation rate (p=0.0006) from 24% to 13%, and the number of activations requiring >10 @entity1358 increased from 13% to 36% (p=0.006). Average emergency red cells usage in the second cohort increased to 4 units. Survival, coagulation parameters, and time to MTP pack issue were all unaffected by the protocol revision. The TASH score showed an area under ROC (AUROC) of 0.88 ongoing transfusion requirements. CONCLUSION: The change in protocol increased the use of emergency red cells but reduced MTP activation and use of multiple blood components. The TASH score appears to provide a useful predictive tool for ongoing transfusion support and may be of value for the @entity130 clinicians.

title: Emergency red cells first: Rapid response or speed bump? The evolution of a massive transfusion protocol for XXXX in a single UK centre.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Lymphocytes respond to myelin proteins after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and may contribute to post-traumatic secondary degeneration. However, there is increasing evidence that autoreactive T-lymphocytes may also convey neuroprotection and promote functional recovery after CNS injury. To clarify the role of myelin autoreactive lymphocytes after @entity1566 , we performed contusion injuries in the thoracic spinal cord of transgenic (Tg) @entity19 in which >95% of all @entity1961 + T-lymphocytes are reactive with @entity10927 ( @entity10927 ). We observed significantly impaired recovery of locomotor and reflex function in Tg @entity19 compared with non-Tg (nTg) littermates. Measures of functional impairment in Tg @entity19 correlated with significantly less white matter at the injury site, and morphometric comparisons of injured Tg and nTg spinal cords revealed increased rostrocaudal lesion expansion (i.e., secondary degeneration) in Tg @entity19 . Rostrocaudal to the impact site in @entity1566 -nTg @entity19 , @entity17 was restricted to the dorsal funiculus, i.e., axons undergoing @entity6441 . The remaining white matter appeared normal. In contrast, lymphocytes were colocalized with regions of @entity17 and axon loss throughout the white matter of @entity1566 -Tg @entity19 . Impaired neurological function and exacerbated neuropathology in @entity1566 -Tg @entity19 were associated with increased intraspinal production of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA; neurotrophin mRNA was not elevated. These data suggest that endogenous @entity10927 -reactive lymphocytes, activated by traumatic @entity1566 , can contribute to tissue injury and impair functional recovery. Any neuroprotection afforded by myelin-reactive T-cells is likely to be an indirect effect mediated by other non-CNS-reactive lymphocytes. Similar to the Tg @entity19 in this study, a subset of @entity1 that are genetically predisposed to @entity792 of the CNS may be adversely affected by vaccine therapies designed to boost autoreactive lymphocyte responses after CNS @entity130 . Consequently, the safe implementation of such therapies requires that future studies define the mechanisms that control T-cell function within the injured CNS.

title: Pathological CNS XXXX triggered by traumatic @entity1566 : implications for autoimmune vaccine therapy.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disease']


abstract: Lymphocytes respond to myelin proteins after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and may contribute to post-traumatic secondary degeneration. However, there is increasing evidence that autoreactive T-lymphocytes may also convey neuroprotection and promote functional recovery after CNS injury. To clarify the role of myelin autoreactive lymphocytes after @entity1566 , we performed contusion injuries in the thoracic spinal cord of transgenic (Tg) @entity19 in which >95% of all @entity1961 + T-lymphocytes are reactive with @entity10927 ( @entity10927 ). We observed significantly impaired recovery of locomotor and reflex function in Tg @entity19 compared with non-Tg (nTg) littermates. Measures of functional impairment in Tg @entity19 correlated with significantly less white matter at the injury site, and morphometric comparisons of injured Tg and nTg spinal cords revealed increased rostrocaudal lesion expansion (i.e., secondary degeneration) in Tg @entity19 . Rostrocaudal to the impact site in @entity1566 -nTg @entity19 , @entity17 was restricted to the dorsal funiculus, i.e., axons undergoing @entity6441 . The remaining white matter appeared normal. In contrast, lymphocytes were colocalized with regions of @entity17 and axon loss throughout the white matter of @entity1566 -Tg @entity19 . Impaired neurological function and exacerbated neuropathology in @entity1566 -Tg @entity19 were associated with increased intraspinal production of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA; neurotrophin mRNA was not elevated. These data suggest that endogenous @entity10927 -reactive lymphocytes, activated by traumatic @entity1566 , can contribute to tissue injury and impair functional recovery. Any neuroprotection afforded by myelin-reactive T-cells is likely to be an indirect effect mediated by other non-CNS-reactive lymphocytes. Similar to the Tg @entity19 in this study, a subset of @entity1 that are genetically predisposed to @entity792 of the CNS may be adversely affected by vaccine therapies designed to boost autoreactive lymphocyte responses after CNS @entity130 . Consequently, the safe implementation of such therapies requires that future studies define the mechanisms that control T-cell function within the injured CNS.

title: Pathological CNS @entity792 triggered by traumatic XXXX : implications for autoimmune vaccine therapy.

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for symptomatic uterine @entity2909 by use of porous gelatin particles (PGP) in comparison with conventional hand-cut gelatin sponge particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifteen consecutive @entity1 who had undergone UAE were retrospectively assessed. The first 64 @entity1 were treated with hand-cut gelatin sponge and the last 51 with PGP. Extent of @entity1188 , volume reduction of the dominant @entity2909 on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and change in symptoms were assessed. RESULTS: UAE was successfully performed for all @entity1 . No major complications were observed. MR images one month after UAE showed that the mean extent of @entity1188 was 97  % for @entity1 treated with PGP and 96  % for those treated with hand-cut gelatin sponge. Volume reductions of the dominant @entity2909 after 3, 6, 12, and 24  months were, respectively, 45, 56, 62, and 66  % for use of PGP and 45, 57, 63, and 68  % for use of hand-cut gelatin sponge. Symptoms including heavy @entity548 , heavy @entity1834 , and abdominal heaviness had improved by 95-100  % at 12  months. There was no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: UAE with PGP is safe, and as effective as conventional gelatin sponge particles.

title: Uterine artery embolization by use of porous gelatin particles for symptomatic uterine XXXX : comparison with hand-cut gelatin sponge particles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual pain']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction of the dominant leiomyoma', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['leiomyomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Health professionals must be aware of the impact on parents of the birth of @entity1 with @entity4998 . This study aimed to analyze the experiences and perceptions of such parents. Parents of 30 @entity1 who were evaluated in a reference center for @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) were interviewed. The questionnaire covered the prenatal period, the moment they were told about the disorder, initial management by health professionals, and problems they experienced. Only two cases were detected during pregnancy. The news was usually given to the mother alone by pediatricians. Most parents kept it secret and avoided exposing the baby to the prejudice of others. Parents of @entity1 who were referred without sex assignment usually held a personal belief of their @entity1 's sex. Previous assignment was based on clinical examination and/or karyotype. Spreading knowledge about @entity4998 could increase awareness of this issue, thus reducing parents' shock and societal stigma. Training of neonatal care teams is required to avoid assignment before evaluation.

title: Parents' experiences of having a baby with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['DSD', 'disorders of sex development', 'ambiguous genitalia']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['ambiguous genitalia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: EndoAnchors have been used to address proximal @entity2333 including type Ia endoleaks and endograft migration after endovascular @entity449 repair (EVAR). METHODS: The study population included 100 @entity1 with one-year follow-up in the ANCHOR study. A primary cohort (N   =   73) comprised @entity1 who underwent EndoAnchor implantation at the time of an initial EVAR and a Revision cohort (N   =   27) included @entity1 treated remote from EVAR. A hostile neck was defined for neck length <10   mm, neck diameter >28   mm, angulation >60  , conical configuration or significant mural @entity715 or @entity460 . RESULTS: Baseline anatomy included neck length of 17        14   mm, diameter of 27        5   mm, and angulation of 35        18  ; 83% of @entity1 had hostile necks. Over 18        4 months of clinical follow-up, six @entity1 (6%) underwent @entity439 -related reinterventions. There were no @entity1756 . Over 13        2 months of imaging follow-up, freedom from type Ia endoleak was 95% in the Primary Arm and 77% in the Revision Arm (P   =   .006). @entity439 sacs regressed   >   5   mm within one year in 45% of the Primary cases and in 25% of the Revisions. @entity439 expansion   >   5   mm occurred in one revision @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite a high frequency of hostile neck anatomy, proximal neck complications were relatively infrequent after EndoAnchor use.

title: One-year results of the ANCHOR trial of EndoAnchors for the prevention and treatment of @entity2333 after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic neck complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm ruptures']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: EndoAnchors have been used to address proximal @entity2333 including type Ia endoleaks and endograft migration after endovascular @entity449 repair (EVAR). METHODS: The study population included 100 @entity1 with one-year follow-up in the ANCHOR study. A primary cohort (N   =   73) comprised @entity1 who underwent EndoAnchor implantation at the time of an initial EVAR and a Revision cohort (N   =   27) included @entity1 treated remote from EVAR. A hostile neck was defined for neck length <10   mm, neck diameter >28   mm, angulation >60  , conical configuration or significant mural @entity715 or @entity460 . RESULTS: Baseline anatomy included neck length of 17        14   mm, diameter of 27        5   mm, and angulation of 35        18  ; 83% of @entity1 had hostile necks. Over 18        4 months of clinical follow-up, six @entity1 (6%) underwent @entity439 -related reinterventions. There were no @entity1756 . Over 13        2 months of imaging follow-up, freedom from type Ia endoleak was 95% in the Primary Arm and 77% in the Revision Arm (P   =   .006). @entity439 sacs regressed   >   5   mm within one year in 45% of the Primary cases and in 25% of the Revisions. @entity439 expansion   >   5   mm occurred in one revision @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite a high frequency of hostile neck anatomy, proximal neck complications were relatively infrequent after EndoAnchor use.

title: One-year results of the ANCHOR trial of EndoAnchors for the prevention and treatment of XXXX after @entity439 repair.

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic neck complications']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of primary @entity2698 in the lumbar spine and a review of the literature are presented. OBJECTIVE: To present the result of pathologic diagnosis using immunohistochemical staining and the treatment of @entity2698 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal @entity2698 is a very rare soft tissue @entity5 with specific pathologic features and a clinical course featuring high rates of recurrence and @entity3 . METHODS: A 39-year-old @entity1 reported @entity1183 in both legs. Neither @entity3002 nor @entity425 was present in her lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a @entity5 dorsal to the thecal sac at L1-L2. After L1 and L2 laminectomy, the @entity5 with its dural base was resected en bloc. RESULTS: The @entity1 's clinical and @entity16 disappeared after surgery. Microscopic examination showed oval- or spindle-shaped cells with slightly acidic cytoplasm and oval nuclei. @entity575 staining emphasized fibers around @entity5 cells. The test results for the @entity5 cells were positive for vimentin staining, but negative for alpha-TM staining using thrombomodulin, a marker for endothelial cells. On the basis of these pathologic findings, the @entity5 was diagnosed as a @entity2698 , a type of @entity5 composed of mesenchymal hemangiopericytes. Neither recurrence nor @entity3 of the @entity5 was found during the 2-year follow-up period after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Soft tissue @entity2698 is a well-recognized entity considered to be an aggressive @entity5 with a high rate of recurrence and a propensity to metastasize. Immunohistochemical investigation was essential for the diagnosis of this @entity5 . Although @entity2698 very rarely occurs in the spine, surgeons treating @entity1 with this @entity5 should be aware of its metastatic potential.

title: XXXX in the lumbar spine: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hemangiopericytoma', 'spinal hemangiopericytoma', 'hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['sensory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['Primary epidural hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: AIM: The presence of @entity6086 ( @entity15383 ) in the root canal interferes with the apical root canal sealing and may result in @entity1548 in the long run. The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of two rotary systems of Race and Mtwo in the removal of @entity15383 aqueous-based from distobuccal canals of @entity1 maxillary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 distobuccal root canals of @entity1 maxillary molars were randomly distributed into two groups of 20 canals each and two control groups. Specimens in each group were instrumented with similar master @entity346 (MAR) and flexible files according to the manufacture's guidelines. The @entity15383 paste was placed in canals using # 20 lentulo and radiographs were taken from the two dimensions. The roots were incubated for 1 week at 37  C and 100% humidity and @entity15383 was removed from canals by MAR, afterward. Then, the roots were longitudinally split in halves by diamond disk and chisel without entering the root canals. Photos were taken from the canals' walls by a stereomicroscope with * 10 magnification. Next, according to a defined scoring system, photos were scored by four endodontists, so that scores 1 and 2 (nonvisible remnants or scattered remnants of @entity15383 ) were considered as acceptable and scores 3 and 4 (distinct mass or densely-packed mass of @entity15383 ) were regarded as nonacceptable. RESULTS: The obtained findings indicated that in coronal, middle, and apical portions of the root canal, 45, 60, and 65% of Mtwo specimens and 40, 50, and 55% of specimens prepared by the Race system acquired an acceptable score (1 and 2), respectively. Moreover, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both Mtwo and Race rotary systems with acceptable removal efficiency (score 1 and 2) were similarly able to remove @entity15383 .

title: Intra-canal XXXX removal by two rotary systems: A comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['apical rotary']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity12697 has been estimated at between 1 out of 1000 and 1 out of 2500 live births; it is often confused with @entity2689 because the two conditions display a common phenotype. Even if @entity12697 is typically associated with congenital @entity299 , prognosis is generally good. We describe the case of a female @entity1 , deaf from infancy, in whom the presence of obstructive @entity296 had been previously demonstrated angiographically at 29 years of age. A diagnosis of @entity2689 had been made on the basis of her physical features. One year later she began to complain of accessional @entity10 with @entity390 ; @entity410 occurred at 48 years of age. The @entity1 suddenly died during a hospital stay for investigation of these symptoms. Autopsy evidenced multiple @entity1779 due to @entity455 . She had normal female genitalia. This case demonstrates that @entity12697 is still misdiagnosed, and that it may have various clinical symptoms. In particular, it underscores the opportunity of carrying out systematic research on @entity854 in these @entity1 because they are potentially fatal.

title: [ XXXX associated with @entity1779 . Report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity12697 :: ('MESH:D009634', 'Disease') :: ['Noonan syndrome']

answer: @entity12697 :: (MESH:D009634,Disease) :: ['Noonan's syndrome']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity12697 has been estimated at between 1 out of 1000 and 1 out of 2500 live births; it is often confused with @entity2689 because the two conditions display a common phenotype. Even if @entity12697 is typically associated with congenital @entity299 , prognosis is generally good. We describe the case of a female @entity1 , deaf from infancy, in whom the presence of obstructive @entity296 had been previously demonstrated angiographically at 29 years of age. A diagnosis of @entity2689 had been made on the basis of her physical features. One year later she began to complain of accessional @entity10 with @entity390 ; @entity410 occurred at 48 years of age. The @entity1 suddenly died during a hospital stay for investigation of these symptoms. Autopsy evidenced multiple @entity1779 due to @entity455 . She had normal female genitalia. This case demonstrates that @entity12697 is still misdiagnosed, and that it may have various clinical symptoms. In particular, it underscores the opportunity of carrying out systematic research on @entity854 in these @entity1 because they are potentially fatal.

title: [ @entity12697 associated with XXXX . Report of a case].

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administration of corticosteroids to kidney recipients has hampered the complete clinical success of kidney transplantation. Because most organ transplantation in Japan is living-related, we had the experience of performing kidney transplantation (KT) after liver transplantation (LT) from the same donor in four @entity1 and successfully withdrew @entity228 administration. METHODS: Three pediatric and one adult @entity1 received kidney allografts from 3 to 10 months after LT from the same donor. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of a corticosteroid and @entity1140 . The @entity134 was withdrawn after KT in all four @entity1 . After complete withdrawal of the @entity134 , DNA was extracted from two recipients and examined by polymerase chain reaction to detect microchimerism. A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) were performed to test for donor-specific @entity6306 . RESULTS: @entity134 withdrawal was successfully accomplished after KT in every @entity1 . No @entity134 -withdrawal-associated complications were observed. In the three pediatric @entity1 , remarkable catch-up growth was observed after @entity134 withdrawal. In the two @entity1 tested, donor DNA was not detected by polymerase chain reaction, suggesting the absence of microchimerism. MLR and @entity1358 showed that recipient lymphocytes reacted against donor lymphocytes at the same level as against the third-party lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity134 withdrawal was successfully achieved in four kidney recipients who had received a liver allograft from the same donor. The MLR and @entity1358 findings indicated the absence of donor-specific @entity6306 in vitro. Although the precise mechanism is not yet clear, KT after LT from the same donor should be considered as a method that allows @entity230 to be withdrawn from the immunosuppressive regimen of KT.

title: Kidney transplantation after liver transplantation from the same donor: four cases of successful XXXX withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity assay', 'CML']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1689 that presents at age 35 years or younger has been classified as early onset type and is often characterized by chronic severe @entity158 . Endotherapy, with drainage of the main pancreatic duct, can lead to control of @entity158 if ductal @entity101 is an important cause. Long-term results of endotherapy in @entity1 with early onset @entity1689 are reported herein. METHODS: This retrospective study consists of 11 @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; mean age 24.2 years, range 16-34 years) treated endoscopically in a 6.5-year period. The indication for treatment was @entity158 in all @entity1 and all had a dilated main pancreatic duct on pancreatography. The objectives of endoscopic treatment were to obtain good drainage of the pancreatic duct and complete clearance of ductal stones. RESULTS: Treatment was successful in all @entity1 with no procedure-related mortality and with mild complications. Seven @entity1 remained free of @entity158 relapses after a mean follow-up of 78.3 months (37-116 months). Seven relapses of @entity158 were recorded in the remaining 4 @entity1 . Endoscopic retreatment was successful in all cases. The difference between the number of hospitalizations during the year before treatment (mean 2.2, range 1-9) and the year after (mean 0.3, range 0-2) was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Statistical significance was maintained at 3 and 6 years' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment could be regarded as the initial management of choice for @entity1 with early onset @entity1689 .

title: Endotherapy of early onset XXXX : results with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic chronic pancreatitis', 'Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: 1. Antioxidant and oxidative enzymes were examined in renal glomeruli and proximal tubules of healthy young @entity35 (10-12 weeks old), and results were related to the @entity224 anion generation of these tissues. 2. Activities of @entity224 dismutases, catalase, and @entity2041 peroxidase were 3- to 6-fold higher in proximal tubules than in glomeruli. Similarly, enzyme levels and mRNA levels of @entity224 dismutases and catalase were significantly higher in proximal tubules. 3. @entity2125 - and @entity1110 -dependent oxidase activity and @entity3624 oxidase activity were not different in glomeruli and proximal tubules. 4. Measurements with @entity12487 -enhanced chemiluminescence in vital tissues indicated 10-fold higher rates of @entity224 anion in glomeruli than in tubules. 5. Compared with the young @entity35 , tubules of 8-month-old @entity35 had significantly higher @entity224 anion rates and lower @entity224 dismutase activity, whereas @entity2125 - and @entity1110 -dependent oxidase activities were unchanged. 6. We conclude that considerable differences in the antioxidant-oxidant balance exist between the glomerulus and proximal tubule. Results from experiments using chemiluminescence in vital tissues suggest that changes in the antioxidant-oxidant balance have an effect on @entity26 radical levels. The relevance of the observed differences to glomerular and tubulo- @entity401 remains to be determined, but a greater susceptibility of the glomerulus to oxidant stress might be anticipated.

title: Antioxidant-oxidant balance in the glomerulus and proximal tubule of the XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2905 is a common finding in dialysis @entity1 . Since @entity281 rate and mortality associated with @entity281 are high in dialysis @entity1 , @entity2905 may be one of the contributing factors. In the present study, we evaluated the mechanism responsible for @entity2905 in these @entity1 . Lymphocytes isolated from dialysis @entity1 showed increased apoptosis (p < 0.001) when compared to lymphocytes isolated from healthy subjects (healthy subjects, 0.5 +/- 0.2% vs. dialysis @entity1 , 8.8 +/- 0.7% apoptotic cells/field). Sera from dialysis @entity1 promoted lymphocyte apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These sera also enhanced lymphocyte DNA fragmentation into multiple integers of 180 base pairs in the form of a ladder pattern. Cellulose @entity598 membranes promoted T cell apoptosis when compared to @entity2264 membranes and to control. Cellulose @entity598 dialysis membranes also appear to promote lymphocyte @entity12 expression. Similarly, dialysis sera enhanced T cell Fas as well as @entity12 expression. Neither the cellulose @entity598 nor @entity2264 membranes could induce @entity12 expression on B cells. Similarly, dialysis sera failed to induce @entity12 expression on B cells. On the other hand, anti- @entity12 antibodies attenuated dialysis sera-induced apoptosis in T as well as B cells. Interestingly, dialysis serum showed a 5-fold increase in @entity12 content when compared with control serum. These results suggest that dialysis-associated factors can induce autocrine death in T cells but the help of activated T cells is required to induce death in B cells.

title: XXXX in dialysis @entity1 : a preliminary study indicating a possible role of apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphopenia', 'lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2905 :: (MESH:D008231,Disease) :: ['Lymphopenia']


abstract: @entity2905 is a common finding in dialysis @entity1 . Since @entity281 rate and mortality associated with @entity281 are high in dialysis @entity1 , @entity2905 may be one of the contributing factors. In the present study, we evaluated the mechanism responsible for @entity2905 in these @entity1 . Lymphocytes isolated from dialysis @entity1 showed increased apoptosis (p < 0.001) when compared to lymphocytes isolated from healthy subjects (healthy subjects, 0.5 +/- 0.2% vs. dialysis @entity1 , 8.8 +/- 0.7% apoptotic cells/field). Sera from dialysis @entity1 promoted lymphocyte apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These sera also enhanced lymphocyte DNA fragmentation into multiple integers of 180 base pairs in the form of a ladder pattern. Cellulose @entity598 membranes promoted T cell apoptosis when compared to @entity2264 membranes and to control. Cellulose @entity598 dialysis membranes also appear to promote lymphocyte @entity12 expression. Similarly, dialysis sera enhanced T cell Fas as well as @entity12 expression. Neither the cellulose @entity598 nor @entity2264 membranes could induce @entity12 expression on B cells. Similarly, dialysis sera failed to induce @entity12 expression on B cells. On the other hand, anti- @entity12 antibodies attenuated dialysis sera-induced apoptosis in T as well as B cells. Interestingly, dialysis serum showed a 5-fold increase in @entity12 content when compared with control serum. These results suggest that dialysis-associated factors can induce autocrine death in T cells but the help of activated T cells is required to induce death in B cells.

title: @entity2905 in dialysis XXXX : a preliminary study indicating a possible role of apoptosis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our goal was to determine the contributions of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity to entropy measures of heart rate variability (HRV). We compared our results with two commonly used methods to analyze HRV: standard deviation (SDNN) and power spectral analysis (HF norm). Beat-by-beat analysis of R-R intervals was performed in conscious @entity235 . The R-R intervals were analyzed with approximate entropy (ApEn) and entropy of symbolic dynamics (SymDyn) to assess the effects of reducing system complexity. This was achieved by pharmacologically inhibiting sympathetic, parasympathetic, and total autonomic nervous system regulation of heart rate. Three conditions were examined: rest, standing, and systemic @entity551 . At rest or standing, sympathetic inhibition ( @entity1169 ) had no effect on ApEn or SymDyn, whereas parasympathetic ( @entity3897 ) and combined ( @entity1169 + @entity3897 ) inhibition reduced both entropy measures to near zero. Systemic @entity551 reduced both entropy measures in intact @entity235 . When @entity551 was induced after sympathetic inhibition, ApEn was increased compared with @entity551 alone, whereas parasympathetic inhibition with @entity551 resulted in near-zero ApEn. Changes in the entropy measures of HRV were directionally similar to changes in SDNN and HF norm. These results indicate that the entropy of R-R intervals reflects parasympathetic modulation of heart rate.

title: Entropy measures of heart rate variation in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity397 of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) occurs in some arteries of the @entity35 during growth and aging. Inbred, normotensive, Brown Norway (BN) @entity35 are particularly susceptible to @entity397 of the IEL, especially in the abdominal aorta (AA). Preliminary experiments showed that different @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors protect against @entity397 of the IEL in the BN @entity35 to a greater extent than @entity2514 , suggesting a role of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system (RAS) in this phenomenon. To explore this possibility, we have treated male BN @entity35 from 4.5 to 14 weeks of age with either @entity4688 or @entity9886 (both at 1, 3, and 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) or with the @entity460 antagonists @entity946 (at 3, 10, 30, and 45 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and @entity3591 (at 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly, and at the end of treatment we (1) recorded body and heart weights, (2) measured various parameters of the RAS in plasma, (3) quantified interruptions in the IEL on "en face" preparations of AA, and (4) quantified elastin, collagen, and cell proteins in the media of the thoracic aorta. Results showed that @entity4688 and @entity9886 similarly decrease SBP and @entity397 of the IEL in the AA, suggesting that @entity4688 inhibits the latter via a decrease in the production of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) and not via another effect on @entity1811 . The decrease in IEL @entity397 and in SBP, as well as the modifications in the parameters of the RAS, were all dose dependent. @entity946 had little effect on the RAS and, at the highest doses, decreased SBP to an extent similar to that for @entity4688 at 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) but did not significantly inhibit IEL @entity397 . @entity3591 decreased SBP, increased plasma @entity3449 concentration, and was without effect on IEL @entity397 . All treatments at the highest doses had a hypotrophic effect on the aortic media but differed in their effects on the heart, with @entity4688 and @entity9886 decreasing and @entity946 and @entity3591 increasing heart weight, suggesting that the inhibition of IEL @entity397 may be related to a cardiac hypotrophic effect. All these results, taken together, suggest that @entity1808 plays a role in the @entity397 of the IEL that is, in part, independent of SBP.

title: Protection of the arterial internal elastic lamina by inhibition of the XXXX -angiotensin system in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['mibefradil', 'Mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine', 'Amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity397 of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) occurs in some arteries of the @entity35 during growth and aging. Inbred, normotensive, Brown Norway (BN) @entity35 are particularly susceptible to @entity397 of the IEL, especially in the abdominal aorta (AA). Preliminary experiments showed that different @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors protect against @entity397 of the IEL in the BN @entity35 to a greater extent than @entity2514 , suggesting a role of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system (RAS) in this phenomenon. To explore this possibility, we have treated male BN @entity35 from 4.5 to 14 weeks of age with either @entity4688 or @entity9886 (both at 1, 3, and 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) or with the @entity460 antagonists @entity946 (at 3, 10, 30, and 45 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and @entity3591 (at 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly, and at the end of treatment we (1) recorded body and heart weights, (2) measured various parameters of the RAS in plasma, (3) quantified interruptions in the IEL on "en face" preparations of AA, and (4) quantified elastin, collagen, and cell proteins in the media of the thoracic aorta. Results showed that @entity4688 and @entity9886 similarly decrease SBP and @entity397 of the IEL in the AA, suggesting that @entity4688 inhibits the latter via a decrease in the production of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) and not via another effect on @entity1811 . The decrease in IEL @entity397 and in SBP, as well as the modifications in the parameters of the RAS, were all dose dependent. @entity946 had little effect on the RAS and, at the highest doses, decreased SBP to an extent similar to that for @entity4688 at 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) but did not significantly inhibit IEL @entity397 . @entity3591 decreased SBP, increased plasma @entity3449 concentration, and was without effect on IEL @entity397 . All treatments at the highest doses had a hypotrophic effect on the aortic media but differed in their effects on the heart, with @entity4688 and @entity9886 decreasing and @entity946 and @entity3591 increasing heart weight, suggesting that the inhibition of IEL @entity397 may be related to a cardiac hypotrophic effect. All these results, taken together, suggest that @entity1808 plays a role in the @entity397 of the IEL that is, in part, independent of SBP.

title: Protection of the arterial internal elastic lamina by inhibition of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The treatment of @entity421 requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the family physician, orthopedic oncologist, medical oncologist, radiologist and pathologist. @entity421 is a mesenchymally derived, high-grade @entity79 . It is the third most common @entity5 in @entity1 and adolescents. The most frequent sites of origin are the distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus. @entity1 typically present with @entity158 , @entity4 , localized enlargement of the extremity and, occasionally, pathologic @entity174 . Most @entity1 present with @entity66 . Radiographs commonly demonstrate a mixed @entity3808 and @entity75 arising in the metaphyseal region of the involved bone. Computed tomography and bone scanning are recommended to detect pulmonary and bone metastases, respectively. Before 1970, @entity421 were treated with amputation. Survival was poor: 80 percent of @entity1 died from metastatic disease. With the development of induction and adjuvant chemotherapy protocols, advances in surgical techniques and improvements in radiologic staging studies, 90 to 95 percent of @entity1 with @entity421 can now be treated with limb-sparing resection and reconstruction. Long-term survival and cure rates have increased to between 60 and 80 percent in @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: XXXX : a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine use of positive end-expiratory pressure (based on the pressure at the lower inflection point on the static total respiratory compliance curve) along with a maneuver to recruit atelectatic lung has been advocated after cardiothoracic surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the lower inflection point is related to outcomes in @entity1 after sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. METHOD: A prospective observational study involving estimation of the lower inflection point on the inflation pressure-volume plot obtained with a low-flow technique. Duration of intubation, length of stay, @entity1576 , and results of spirometry were compared between @entity1 with a "high " inflection point (> or =10 cm @entity2507 ) and @entity1 with a "low" inflection point (< or =5 cm @entity2507 ). RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 were enrolled. After exclusion for incomplete data, 65 @entity1 (49 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ; mean age, 66.1 years; SD, 9.5 years) were included. The mean lower inflection point was 6.33 cm @entity2507 (SD, 3.4 cm @entity2507 ). A second lower inflection point was observed on 5 plots (mean, 21 cm @entity2507 ; SD, 1.4 cm @entity2507 ). Nine @entity1 had high inflection points (mean, 13.1 cm @entity2507 ; SD, 3.0 cm @entity2507 ), and 33 had low inflection points (mean, 3.9 cm @entity2507 ; SD, 0.98 cm @entity2507 ). No outcome measures differed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with short intubation times and predictable postoperative course, general use of a lung recruitment strategy involving sustained inflations and adjustment of positive end-expiratory pressure based on the lower inflection point is difficult to justify.

title: Comparison of the lower inflection point on the static total respiratory compliance curve with outcomes in postoperative cardiothoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']