abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the nature and extent of @entity393 and other @entity14696 in @entity1 with @entity2383 , and to document the risk of @entity179 with @entity281 . DESIGN: Medical chart review and telephone interview of 40 @entity1 with documented @entity2383 . SETTING: An international referral center for the diagnosis and management of @entity2383 . @entity1 : We describe 40 @entity1 with a definitive diagnosis of @entity2383 . Thirty-three (82%) were younger than 15 years. RESULTS: @entity393 was the most common clinical finding associated with @entity2383 . Twenty-eight (80%) of the 35 @entity1 undergoing testing had @entity393 or significant @entity2167 . In 20 (57%) of these, @entity616 were identified. Eight (30%) of the 27 @entity1 had an abnormal number of recurrent @entity1729 , and 4 (50%) of these had life-threatening or neurodegenerative sequelae. @entity2383 followed an episodic course, with periods of @entity3179 or slow developmental progress, punctuated by neurodegenerative events in 18 (60%) of 30 @entity1 . Intercurrent @entity281 was recognized as a precipitant of neurodegenerative events in 13 (72%) of 18 @entity1 with a history of @entity528 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and adults with @entity2383 are at high risk for @entity393 and life-threatening complications of intercurrent infections. A constellation of @entity854 , multiorgan system involvement, and history of neuromuscular setbacks with @entity281 strongly suggests @entity2383 . Knowledge of these features can lead to more rapid diagnosis and improved medical and surgical management for this special group of @entity1 with fundamental defects in bioenergy metabolism.

title: The otolaryngological manifestations of @entity2383 and the risk of XXXX with @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otolaryngological problems']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['audiologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['episodic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem conduction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease', 'Mitochondrial disease', 'mitochondrial disorders']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the nature and extent of @entity393 and other @entity14696 in @entity1 with @entity2383 , and to document the risk of @entity179 with @entity281 . DESIGN: Medical chart review and telephone interview of 40 @entity1 with documented @entity2383 . SETTING: An international referral center for the diagnosis and management of @entity2383 . @entity1 : We describe 40 @entity1 with a definitive diagnosis of @entity2383 . Thirty-three (82%) were younger than 15 years. RESULTS: @entity393 was the most common clinical finding associated with @entity2383 . Twenty-eight (80%) of the 35 @entity1 undergoing testing had @entity393 or significant @entity2167 . In 20 (57%) of these, @entity616 were identified. Eight (30%) of the 27 @entity1 had an abnormal number of recurrent @entity1729 , and 4 (50%) of these had life-threatening or neurodegenerative sequelae. @entity2383 followed an episodic course, with periods of @entity3179 or slow developmental progress, punctuated by neurodegenerative events in 18 (60%) of 30 @entity1 . Intercurrent @entity281 was recognized as a precipitant of neurodegenerative events in 13 (72%) of 18 @entity1 with a history of @entity528 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and adults with @entity2383 are at high risk for @entity393 and life-threatening complications of intercurrent infections. A constellation of @entity854 , multiorgan system involvement, and history of neuromuscular setbacks with @entity281 strongly suggests @entity2383 . Knowledge of these features can lead to more rapid diagnosis and improved medical and surgical management for this special group of @entity1 with fundamental defects in bioenergy metabolism.

title: The otolaryngological manifestations of XXXX and the risk of @entity179 with @entity281 .

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the nature and extent of @entity393 and other @entity14696 in @entity1 with @entity2383 , and to document the risk of @entity179 with @entity281 . DESIGN: Medical chart review and telephone interview of 40 @entity1 with documented @entity2383 . SETTING: An international referral center for the diagnosis and management of @entity2383 . @entity1 : We describe 40 @entity1 with a definitive diagnosis of @entity2383 . Thirty-three (82%) were younger than 15 years. RESULTS: @entity393 was the most common clinical finding associated with @entity2383 . Twenty-eight (80%) of the 35 @entity1 undergoing testing had @entity393 or significant @entity2167 . In 20 (57%) of these, @entity616 were identified. Eight (30%) of the 27 @entity1 had an abnormal number of recurrent @entity1729 , and 4 (50%) of these had life-threatening or neurodegenerative sequelae. @entity2383 followed an episodic course, with periods of @entity3179 or slow developmental progress, punctuated by neurodegenerative events in 18 (60%) of 30 @entity1 . Intercurrent @entity281 was recognized as a precipitant of neurodegenerative events in 13 (72%) of 18 @entity1 with a history of @entity528 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and adults with @entity2383 are at high risk for @entity393 and life-threatening complications of intercurrent infections. A constellation of @entity854 , multiorgan system involvement, and history of neuromuscular setbacks with @entity281 strongly suggests @entity2383 . Knowledge of these features can lead to more rapid diagnosis and improved medical and surgical management for this special group of @entity1 with fundamental defects in bioenergy metabolism.

title: The otolaryngological manifestations of @entity2383 and the risk of @entity179 with XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiratory variation of the pulmonary venous (PV) peak flow velocities can be used to distinguish @entity3822 ( @entity15496 ) from @entity296 (restriction). Rapid volume expansion has been used successfully to enhance diastolic pressure equalization in occult @entity15496 . The effect of volume on the respiratory variation in @entity15496 has not been studied previously. This study assessed the utility of volume in enhancing the PV respiratory variation of @entity15496 to further separate it from restriction. METHODS: The study population consisted of 15 @entity1 referred to the echocardiography laboratory for further evaluation of clinically suspected @entity67 . Pulsed-Doppler transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) of the left or right upper pulmonary vein and mitral inflow was performed with respiratory monitoring before and after infusion of 1 liter of normal saline over 5 to 10 minutes. The classification of @entity1 as @entity15496 (n = 8) or restriction (n = 7) was confirmed independently by cardiac catheterization or surgery. Peak velocities of the PV systolic and diastolic waves and the mitral inflow E were measured during inspiration and expiration. A mean of 3-6 respiratory cycles was obtained for each value before and after volume loading. The percent change from expiration to inspiration (%E) was calculated using the formula %E = expiration - inspiration / expiration. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 with @entity3822 can be separated reliably from those with @entity296 based on a higher systolic/diastolic ratio and greater respiratory variation of their PV diastolic flow velocity. There were no complications in any @entity1 due to volume expansion. Although the change from baseline to volume expansion was not statistically significant in either @entity15496 or restriction, the %E of the PV diastolic wave became significantly higher in @entity15496 than in restriction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid volume expansion is relatively safe during TEE and can be used for further separation of @entity3822 from @entity296 by significantly enhancing the respiratory variation of the PV diastolic flow velocity in @entity3822 .

title: Does rapid volume loading during transesophageal echocardiography differentiate XXXX from @entity296 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15496 :: ('MESH:D015877', 'Disease') :: ['constriction']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiratory variation of the pulmonary venous (PV) peak flow velocities can be used to distinguish @entity3822 ( @entity15496 ) from @entity296 (restriction). Rapid volume expansion has been used successfully to enhance diastolic pressure equalization in occult @entity15496 . The effect of volume on the respiratory variation in @entity15496 has not been studied previously. This study assessed the utility of volume in enhancing the PV respiratory variation of @entity15496 to further separate it from restriction. METHODS: The study population consisted of 15 @entity1 referred to the echocardiography laboratory for further evaluation of clinically suspected @entity67 . Pulsed-Doppler transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) of the left or right upper pulmonary vein and mitral inflow was performed with respiratory monitoring before and after infusion of 1 liter of normal saline over 5 to 10 minutes. The classification of @entity1 as @entity15496 (n = 8) or restriction (n = 7) was confirmed independently by cardiac catheterization or surgery. Peak velocities of the PV systolic and diastolic waves and the mitral inflow E were measured during inspiration and expiration. A mean of 3-6 respiratory cycles was obtained for each value before and after volume loading. The percent change from expiration to inspiration (%E) was calculated using the formula %E = expiration - inspiration / expiration. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 with @entity3822 can be separated reliably from those with @entity296 based on a higher systolic/diastolic ratio and greater respiratory variation of their PV diastolic flow velocity. There were no complications in any @entity1 due to volume expansion. Although the change from baseline to volume expansion was not statistically significant in either @entity15496 or restriction, the %E of the PV diastolic wave became significantly higher in @entity15496 than in restriction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid volume expansion is relatively safe during TEE and can be used for further separation of @entity3822 from @entity296 by significantly enhancing the respiratory variation of the PV diastolic flow velocity in @entity3822 .

title: Does rapid volume loading during transesophageal echocardiography differentiate @entity3822 from XXXX ?

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Mechanisms regulating telomerase activity and telomere length remain incompletely understood in @entity1 @entity0 . We therefore studied gene expression for telomeric-repeat binding factors (TRFs) in relation to telomerase activity, telomere length, and clinicopathologic factors in @entity1 @entity0 . Telomerase activity was detected in 65.8% of 38 @entity0 , but none of 16 noncancerous samples. Terminal restriction fragments were longer in noncancerous than in cancerous tissues, but not significantly. Among 8 @entity1 with both @entity5 and paired noncancerous tissue available for terminal restriction fragments length assay, terminal restriction fragments were @entity5 than in paired noncancerous samples in all but one. Significantly more mRNA encoding @entity64710 was detected in noncancerous than in @entity5 tissues. Additionally, expression of @entity64710 mRNA was significantly higher in @entity5 without detectable telomerase activity than in @entity5 showing activity. Expression of these genes tended to show a negative correlation with terminal restriction fragments length, but this was not statistically significant. No correlation was seen between @entity7071 or 2 mRNA expression, and clinicopathologic factors except for @entity7071 with respect to @entity5 size and @entity1420 receptor status. In addition to reactivation of telomerase activity, escape from negative regulation of this activity is needed to maintain telomere length during cell proliferation in @entity0 . Genes encoding telomerase inhibitors might be of value in gene therapy against @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Gene expression for suppressors of telomerase activity (telomeric-repeat binding factors) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'shorter in cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the poor prognosis of @entity296 , transplantation has been proposed as the treatment of choice for this disease. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with the presentation, evaluation, and short-term outcome in 8 pediatric @entity1 with @entity296 referred for transplantation. Potential reversibility of elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance was tested before transplantation with @entity1854 and @entity842 , with follow-up cardiac catheterization performed 6 to 12 months after transplantation. RESULTS: The mean age of diagnosis of @entity296 was 6.3 years and the mean interval from diagnosis to referral for transplantation was 3.6 years. Elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance was common and tended to progress with longer follow-up. Three of the 8 @entity1 had pulmonary vascular resistance indices greater than 10 Woods unit/m(2) and transpulmonary gradients greater than 20 mm Hg. The administration of @entity1854 and @entity842 reversed elevated pulmonary resistance and transpulmonary gradients in all @entity1 . @entity842 successfully reversed pulmonary vascular resistance in @entity1 unresponsive to @entity1854 . All @entity1 underwent successful transplantation and follow-up catheterization revealed normal pulmonary hemodynamics in each @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity296 can be associated with marked elevation in the pulmonary vascular resistance, which may contribute to the poor prognosis in these @entity1 and potentially make cardiac transplantation problematic. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation can be successfully performed in @entity1 who demonstrate reversibility of pulmonary vascular resistance. @entity842 appears to be the best agent to demonstrate reversibility of pulmonary resistance in these @entity1 .

title: Cardiac transplantation for XXXX : presentation, evaluation, and short-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'Pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the 1-year postoperative clinical results of the safety, efficacy, and stability of conductive keratoplasty (CK) to correct low to moderate @entity3467 . DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, self-controlled trial. @entity1 : Five surgeons at four centers performed CK on the first 54 eyes of a multicenter, 2-year clinical trial. Treated eyes had +0.875 to +4.00 diopters (D) of @entity3467 and < or =0.75 D of cylinder. The nature of this procedure was explained to all participating @entity1 who signed informed consent forms prior to undergoing the procedure. INTERVENTION: Low energy, high-frequency current was applied directly into the peripheral corneal stroma through a delivery tip inserted at 16 or more treatment spots. An early nomogram was used for the first 54 eyes with an intended refraction of plano. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data from all 54 eyes were analyzed for safety and stability. A subset of 30 of the 54 eyes was found that had been treated with the appropriate number of spots with the early nomogram. These eyes were categorized as current nomogram eyes; the data for these eyes were analyzed for efficacy and predictability, as well as stability and safety. All @entity1 reported on satisfaction and quality of vision after surgery. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the manifest refractive spherical equivalent refraction (MRSE) of the 30 current nomogram eyes was +1.57 D. At 1 year postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 57% of the eyes and 20/40 or better in 93%. The MRSE was within 0.50 D in 46%, within +/-1.00 D in 93%, and within +/-2.00 D in 100%. No eye lost > or =2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 1 year postoperatively nor had an induced cylinder of > or =2.00 D. The MRSE changed a mean of 0.25 D +/- 0.43 between 3 and 6 postoperative months, 0.16 D +/- 0.38 between 6 and 9 postoperative months, and 0.07 D +/- 0.38 between 9 and 12 postoperative months. Refractive stability appeared to be attained by 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Conductive keratoplasty appears to be safe, effective, and stable for correcting low to moderate spherical @entity3467 . Stability appeared by the 6-month follow-up visit. For the eyes treated with the current CK nomogram, uncorrected visual acuity, predictability, and stability are as good as or better than those obtained with hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis or noncontact laser thermal keratoplasty.

title: Conductive keratoplasty for the correction of low to moderate XXXX : 1-year results on the first 54 eyes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hyperopia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of weekly administration of @entity1205 as a single agent in @entity1 with hormone-refractory, symptomatic, @entity263 with respect to symptom palliation, @entity5 response, time to progression, and survival. Sixty @entity1 with progressive @entity263 that had progressed on at least one hormonal regimen were enrolled in this multicenter phase II study. Twenty-one percent of @entity1 had received prior palliative radiotherapy, and 25% had received prior chemotherapy for hormone-refractory disease. @entity1 were scheduled to receive three 8-week cycles of @entity1205 (36 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36) with 2-week intervals between cycles. The @entity1205 dose could be decreased in the event of @entity137 , but no dose escalation was permitted. A > or =50% decrease in serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) levels from baseline with stabilization or improvement of performance status lasting 2 months or longer occurred in 24 (41%) @entity1 , of whom 16 (27%) had a > or =80% decrease for 2 months or more. The median time to progression for all @entity1 was 5.1 months (range, 0.9 to 18.2 months). The estimated median time to progression for @entity1 who had and those who did not have a > or =50% reduction in serum @entity1486 level with stable or improved performance status was 6.65 and 4.3 months, respectively. The median overall survival was 9.4 months (range, 1.6 to 18.2 months). Treatment @entity137 was considered acceptable. Single-agent @entity1205 at 36 mg/m(2) weekly was associated with a @entity1486 response rate of 41%, increased time to progression and survival, and minimal myelosuppression in @entity1 with hormone-refractory @entity263 .

title: Phase II trial of single-agent weekly @entity1205 in hormone-refractory, symptomatic, metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of weekly administration of @entity1205 as a single agent in @entity1 with hormone-refractory, symptomatic, @entity263 with respect to symptom palliation, @entity5 response, time to progression, and survival. Sixty @entity1 with progressive @entity263 that had progressed on at least one hormonal regimen were enrolled in this multicenter phase II study. Twenty-one percent of @entity1 had received prior palliative radiotherapy, and 25% had received prior chemotherapy for hormone-refractory disease. @entity1 were scheduled to receive three 8-week cycles of @entity1205 (36 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36) with 2-week intervals between cycles. The @entity1205 dose could be decreased in the event of @entity137 , but no dose escalation was permitted. A > or =50% decrease in serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) levels from baseline with stabilization or improvement of performance status lasting 2 months or longer occurred in 24 (41%) @entity1 , of whom 16 (27%) had a > or =80% decrease for 2 months or more. The median time to progression for all @entity1 was 5.1 months (range, 0.9 to 18.2 months). The estimated median time to progression for @entity1 who had and those who did not have a > or =50% reduction in serum @entity1486 level with stable or improved performance status was 6.65 and 4.3 months, respectively. The median overall survival was 9.4 months (range, 1.6 to 18.2 months). Treatment @entity137 was considered acceptable. Single-agent @entity1205 at 36 mg/m(2) weekly was associated with a @entity1486 response rate of 41%, increased time to progression and survival, and minimal myelosuppression in @entity1 with hormone-refractory @entity263 .

title: Phase II trial of single-agent weekly XXXX in hormone-refractory, symptomatic, metastatic @entity263 .

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a new optotype chart for detection of nonorganic decreased vision. DESIGN: Comparative observational case series. @entity1 : Optotype thresholds determination in three normal subjects and testing on 30 consecutive @entity1 with unclear visual acuity loss. METHODS: A new optotype chart was developed, with an optotype minimum angle of resolution that is independent of size. In three normal subjects rank correlation was calculated between the optotype thresholds and the optotype sizes. A pocket chart was tested in a masked manner on 30 consecutive @entity1 referred because of unclear visual acuity loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Optotype thresholds and usefulness in clinical routine (positive and negative predictive values including 95% confidence intervals [CI]). RESULTS: The optotype thresholds did not correlate with the optotype sizes. Ten percent (3 of 30) of the @entity1 referred because of unclear visual acuity loss had to be excluded, because their diagnosis remained unclear. All @entity1 (16 of 16) with organic @entity227 saw all optotypes sizes. Eighty-nine percent (10 of 11) of @entity1 with nonorganic @entity227 claimed to see only the larger optotypes. The positive predictive value for nonorganic @entity227 of the new pocket chart was 100% (CI, 74%-100%); the negative predictive value was 94% (CI, 75%-100%). CONCLUSIONS: The new pocket chart seems to be useful for detection of @entity227 caused by nonorganic disease.

title: A new optotype chart for detection of nonorganic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual loss']


abstract: Laparoscopic resection of the colon is certainly feasible. There are conflicting reports regarding @entity282 , resumption of gastrointestinal function, and earlier return to work. There is no change in either mortality or morbidity when compared with open resection. For benign disease laparoscopic colonic resection is ideal if performed by a surgeon who performs the operation frequently. For @entity5 , [table: see text] at this stage, laparoscopic colonic resection should only be performed in the setting of a randomized controlled trial. The future of laparoscopic surgery for @entity694 will be decided by oncologic parameters. There is good evidence that a laparoscopic resection can be technically equivalent to its open counterpart. The data on recurrence, both local and distant, and long-term survival will become clearer when results of randomized controlled trials currently underway become available. The issue of port-site recurrence is a major concern in laparoscopic @entity14 surgery. The reported incidence is low; however, its cause remains unexplained and its presence in @entity1 with early stage @entity5 cannot be ignored.

title: Laparoscopy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['decreased postoperative pain']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity70732 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon @entity12204 ( @entity70733 ) carries the aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome; it binds @entity3006 or @entity3007 , and it is also endowed with an intrinsic GTPase activity that is triggered in vitro by @entity1219 at molar concentrations [Masullo, M., De Vendittis, E., and Bocchini, V. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 20376-20379]. The structural properties of @entity70733 were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The estimation of the secondary structure of the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex, made by curve fitting of the @entity6346 I' band or by factor analysis of the @entity6346 I band, indicated a content of 34-36% alpha-helix, 35-40% beta-sheet, 14-19% turn, and 7% unordered structure. The substitution of the @entity3006 bound with the slowly hydrolyzable GTP analogue Gpp(NH)p induced a slight increase in the alpha-helix and beta-sheet content. On the other hand, the alpha-helix content of the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex increased upon addition of salts, and the highest effect was produced by 5 M @entity1219 . The thermal stability of the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex was significantly reduced when the @entity3006 was replaced with Gpp(NH)p or in the presence of @entity15403 or @entity8777 , whereas a lower destabilizing effect was provoked by @entity1219 and @entity4338 . Therefore, the extent of the destabilizing effect of salts depended on the nature of both the cation and the anion. The data suggested that the @entity1372 ion was responsible for the induction of the GTPase activity, whereas the anion modulated the enzymatic activity through destabilization of particular regions of @entity70733 . Finally, the infrared data suggested that, in particular region(s) of the polypeptide chain, the @entity70733 *Gpp(NH)p complex possesses structural conformations which are different from those present in the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex.

title: Salts induce structural changes in XXXX from the hyperthermophilic archaeon @entity12204 : a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study.

entities_list: @entity12204 :: ('2287', 'Species') :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']

entities_list: @entity70732 :: ('24866820', 'Gene') :: ['Elongation factor 1alpha']

answer: @entity70732 :: (24866820,Gene) :: ['elongation factor 1alpha']


abstract: @entity70732 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon @entity12204 ( @entity70733 ) carries the aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome; it binds @entity3006 or @entity3007 , and it is also endowed with an intrinsic GTPase activity that is triggered in vitro by @entity1219 at molar concentrations [Masullo, M., De Vendittis, E., and Bocchini, V. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 20376-20379]. The structural properties of @entity70733 were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The estimation of the secondary structure of the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex, made by curve fitting of the @entity6346 I' band or by factor analysis of the @entity6346 I band, indicated a content of 34-36% alpha-helix, 35-40% beta-sheet, 14-19% turn, and 7% unordered structure. The substitution of the @entity3006 bound with the slowly hydrolyzable GTP analogue Gpp(NH)p induced a slight increase in the alpha-helix and beta-sheet content. On the other hand, the alpha-helix content of the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex increased upon addition of salts, and the highest effect was produced by 5 M @entity1219 . The thermal stability of the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex was significantly reduced when the @entity3006 was replaced with Gpp(NH)p or in the presence of @entity15403 or @entity8777 , whereas a lower destabilizing effect was provoked by @entity1219 and @entity4338 . Therefore, the extent of the destabilizing effect of salts depended on the nature of both the cation and the anion. The data suggested that the @entity1372 ion was responsible for the induction of the GTPase activity, whereas the anion modulated the enzymatic activity through destabilization of particular regions of @entity70733 . Finally, the infrared data suggested that, in particular region(s) of the polypeptide chain, the @entity70733 *Gpp(NH)p complex possesses structural conformations which are different from those present in the @entity70733 * @entity3006 complex.

title: Salts induce structural changes in @entity70732 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon XXXX : a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study.

answer: @entity12204 :: (2287,Species) :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']


abstract: The training intensity may affect the monocarboxylate transporters @entity3195 and @entity3342 in skeletal muscle. Therefore, 20 elite cross-country skiers (11 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) trained hard for 5 months at either moderate ( @entity373 , 60-70% of VO2max) or high intensity (HIG, 80-90%). The @entity880 threshold, several performance parameters, and the blood @entity880 concentration ( @entity4619 ) after exhausting treadmill running were also determined. Muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after the training period were analysed for the two MCTs and for muscle fibre types and six enzymes. The concentration of @entity3195 did not change for HIG (P=0.3) but fell for @entity373 (-12 +/- 3%, P=0.01); the training response differed between the two groups (P=0.05). The concentration of @entity3342 did not change during the training period (P > 0.10). The concentration of the two MCTs did not differ between the two sexes (P=0.9). The running speed at the @entity880 threshold rose for HIG (+3.2 +/- 0.9%, P=0.003), while no change was seen for @entity373 (P=0.54); the training response differed between the two groups (P=0.04). The @entity4619 after long-lasting exhausting treadmill running correlated with the concentration of @entity3195 (rs=0.69, P=0.002), but not with that of @entity3342 (rs=0.2, P=0.2). There were no other significant correlations between the concentrations of the two MCTs and the performance parameters, muscle fibre types, or enzymes (r < or = 0.36, P > 0.10). Thus, the training response differed between @entity373 and HIG both in terms of performance and of the effect on @entity3195 . Training at high intensity may be more effective for cross-country skiers. Finally, @entity3195 may be important for releasing @entity880 to the blood during long-lasting exercise.

title: Effect of training intensity on muscle XXXX transporters and @entity880 threshold of cross-country skiers.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: The training intensity may affect the monocarboxylate transporters @entity3195 and @entity3342 in skeletal muscle. Therefore, 20 elite cross-country skiers (11 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) trained hard for 5 months at either moderate ( @entity373 , 60-70% of VO2max) or high intensity (HIG, 80-90%). The @entity880 threshold, several performance parameters, and the blood @entity880 concentration ( @entity4619 ) after exhausting treadmill running were also determined. Muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after the training period were analysed for the two MCTs and for muscle fibre types and six enzymes. The concentration of @entity3195 did not change for HIG (P=0.3) but fell for @entity373 (-12 +/- 3%, P=0.01); the training response differed between the two groups (P=0.05). The concentration of @entity3342 did not change during the training period (P > 0.10). The concentration of the two MCTs did not differ between the two sexes (P=0.9). The running speed at the @entity880 threshold rose for HIG (+3.2 +/- 0.9%, P=0.003), while no change was seen for @entity373 (P=0.54); the training response differed between the two groups (P=0.04). The @entity4619 after long-lasting exhausting treadmill running correlated with the concentration of @entity3195 (rs=0.69, P=0.002), but not with that of @entity3342 (rs=0.2, P=0.2). There were no other significant correlations between the concentrations of the two MCTs and the performance parameters, muscle fibre types, or enzymes (r < or = 0.36, P > 0.10). Thus, the training response differed between @entity373 and HIG both in terms of performance and of the effect on @entity3195 . Training at high intensity may be more effective for cross-country skiers. Finally, @entity3195 may be important for releasing @entity880 to the blood during long-lasting exercise.

title: Effect of training intensity on muscle @entity880 transporters and XXXX threshold of cross-country skiers.

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term acid suppression is believed to accelerate @entity4726 in @entity1534 -positive @entity1 . The influence of long-term therapy with @entity10042 has not been examined. AIM: To study the clinical and endoscopic efficacy and histological evolution of gastric mucosa during 5 years of maintenance treatment with @entity10042 , 30 mg. METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with endoscopically proven @entity354 were followed for 5 years. Biopsies taken at the start of the study, during follow-up and after 5 years were available for 73 @entity1 . RESULTS: The total endoscopic relapse rate was 14.1%. At the start of the study, 34 @entity1 were @entity1534 negative and 39 were @entity1534 positive (two @entity194 , 25 antral @entity3621 , 12 pangastritis). At 5 years, no histological changes had occurred in @entity1534 -negative @entity1 . In the @entity1534 -positive group, 20 @entity1 developed pangastritis, six had normal histology and one had antral @entity3621 . Ten of the 12 @entity1 with pangastritis had reduced antral activity. There was no increase in intestinal metaplasia, but there was a tendency towards regression of @entity194 in the antrum and towards increased @entity194 in the body of the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance treatment with @entity10042 , 30 mg, is efficacious. The development of @entity194 and intestinal metaplasia was not accelerated in @entity1534 -positive @entity1 . @entity1534 eradication must be considered only because of the higher @entity5 risk associated with chronic @entity1534 -related @entity3621 .

title: Long-term @entity10042 treatment for XXXX : clinical efficacy and influence on gastric mucosa.

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['glandular atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term acid suppression is believed to accelerate @entity4726 in @entity1534 -positive @entity1 . The influence of long-term therapy with @entity10042 has not been examined. AIM: To study the clinical and endoscopic efficacy and histological evolution of gastric mucosa during 5 years of maintenance treatment with @entity10042 , 30 mg. METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with endoscopically proven @entity354 were followed for 5 years. Biopsies taken at the start of the study, during follow-up and after 5 years were available for 73 @entity1 . RESULTS: The total endoscopic relapse rate was 14.1%. At the start of the study, 34 @entity1 were @entity1534 negative and 39 were @entity1534 positive (two @entity194 , 25 antral @entity3621 , 12 pangastritis). At 5 years, no histological changes had occurred in @entity1534 -negative @entity1 . In the @entity1534 -positive group, 20 @entity1 developed pangastritis, six had normal histology and one had antral @entity3621 . Ten of the 12 @entity1 with pangastritis had reduced antral activity. There was no increase in intestinal metaplasia, but there was a tendency towards regression of @entity194 in the antrum and towards increased @entity194 in the body of the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance treatment with @entity10042 , 30 mg, is efficacious. The development of @entity194 and intestinal metaplasia was not accelerated in @entity1534 -positive @entity1 . @entity1534 eradication must be considered only because of the higher @entity5 risk associated with chronic @entity1534 -related @entity3621 .

title: Long-term XXXX treatment for @entity354 : clinical efficacy and influence on gastric mucosa.

answer: @entity10042 :: (MESH:C058687,Chemical) :: ['lansoprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyoma @entity778 in renal transplant recipients has been observed with increasing frequency in recent years. Renal allograft involvement in this condition may occur as a result of @entity281 or secondary to reactivation of the latent virus. @entity1986 , @entity1901 , rise in serum @entity1011 and allograft function loss have been attributed to this @entity1800 . METHODS: In this study we reviewed our experience with 8 @entity1 who developed polyoma @entity1800 confirmed by allograft biopsy. All @entity1 were receiving @entity618 as part of the immunosuppression and 7 of the 8 @entity1 were on @entity1140 . All @entity1 have biopsy proven polyoma @entity1800 . The following therapeutic maneuvers were carried out following the diagnosis of polyoma @entity1800 : 1) stopping mycophenolate and 2) switching @entity1140 to @entity205 or reducing the @entity1140 dose to adjust it at a lower therapeutic trough level. The clinical course and outcome of our @entity1 were reviewed in relation to manipulation of immunosuppressive medications. RESULTS: The incidence of this infection in our transplant program in the last 3 yr was 5.3%. Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 had at least one rejection episode and 63% had more than one rejection episode. The main risk factor for the development of polyoma @entity1800 was related to the intensity of immunosuppression. The use of antirejection therapy after histological diagnosis of @entity778 was not associated with improvement of renal function despite the histological appearance of acute rejection. Thus, the @entity1986 associated with polyoma @entity1800 appears to be an inflammatory response to the virus rather than acute rejection. Six out of the 8 @entity1 stabilized renal function with reduction in immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction in immunosuppression was associated with the stabilization of renal function when instituted early. However, these @entity1 were left with a degree of allograft dysfunction and their outcome may be significantly compromised. The lack of effective antiviral therapy for polyoma virus may limit the use of newer and more potent immunosuppressive medications.

title: Polyoma XXXX in renal transplantation: the role of immunosuppressive therapy.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['polyoma virus infection', 'virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial nephritis', 'interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['viral infection']


abstract: Many aspects of retinal physiology are controlled by a circadian clock located within the eye. This clock controls the rhythmic synthesis of @entity2493 , which results in elevated levels during the night and low levels during the day. The rate-limiting enzyme in @entity2493 biosynthesis in retina appears to be @entity2340 hydroxylase (TPH)[G.M. Cahill and J.C. Besharse, Circadian regulation of @entity2493 in the retina of @entity1238 : Limitation by @entity750 availability, J. Neurochem. 54 (1990) 716-719]. In this report, we found that TPH mRNA is strongly expressed in the photoreceptor layer and the vitread portion of the inner nuclear layer; the message is also expressed, but to a lesser extent, in the ganglion cell layer. The abundance of retinal TPH mRNA exhibits a circadian rhythm which persists in constant light or constant darkness. The phase of the rhythm can be reversed by reversing the light:dark cycle. In parallel experiments we found a similar pattern of expression in the @entity1573 pineal gland. However, whereas a pulse of light at midnight suppressed retinal TPH mRNA by 25%, it did not alter pineal TPH mRNA, suggesting that there are tissue-specific differences in photic regulation of TPH mRNA. In retinas treated with @entity4176 to destroy @entity750 -containing amacrine and bipolar cells, a high amplitude rhythm of TPH mRNA was observed indicating that @entity2493 -synthesizing photoreceptors are the primary source of the rhythmic message. These observations provide the first evidence that @entity1573 retinal TPH mRNA is under control of a circadian clock.

title: Circadian expression of XXXX hydroxylase mRNA in the @entity1573 retina.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: Many aspects of retinal physiology are controlled by a circadian clock located within the eye. This clock controls the rhythmic synthesis of @entity2493 , which results in elevated levels during the night and low levels during the day. The rate-limiting enzyme in @entity2493 biosynthesis in retina appears to be @entity2340 hydroxylase (TPH)[G.M. Cahill and J.C. Besharse, Circadian regulation of @entity2493 in the retina of @entity1238 : Limitation by @entity750 availability, J. Neurochem. 54 (1990) 716-719]. In this report, we found that TPH mRNA is strongly expressed in the photoreceptor layer and the vitread portion of the inner nuclear layer; the message is also expressed, but to a lesser extent, in the ganglion cell layer. The abundance of retinal TPH mRNA exhibits a circadian rhythm which persists in constant light or constant darkness. The phase of the rhythm can be reversed by reversing the light:dark cycle. In parallel experiments we found a similar pattern of expression in the @entity1573 pineal gland. However, whereas a pulse of light at midnight suppressed retinal TPH mRNA by 25%, it did not alter pineal TPH mRNA, suggesting that there are tissue-specific differences in photic regulation of TPH mRNA. In retinas treated with @entity4176 to destroy @entity750 -containing amacrine and bipolar cells, a high amplitude rhythm of TPH mRNA was observed indicating that @entity2493 -synthesizing photoreceptors are the primary source of the rhythmic message. These observations provide the first evidence that @entity1573 retinal TPH mRNA is under control of a circadian clock.

title: Circadian expression of @entity2340 hydroxylase mRNA in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Right ventricular restrictive physiology is common after repair of @entity215 and relates to exercise performance and symptomatic @entity943 . In this study, we examined biventricular long axis function in an attempt to clarify further the mechanical substrate of this phenomenon. We studied prospectively 95 @entity1 with @entity215 (age range 1-44.3 years) at a median of 4.3 years after repair with Doppler and M-mode echocardiography. Pulmonary arterial, tricuspid, and mitral Doppler spectrals and 2-D guided M-mode recordings of ventricular minor and long axes were obtained with simultaneous phonocardiogram and respirometer recordings. Right ventricular restriction was defined by the presence of antegrade pulmonary arterial flow during atrial systole throughout the respiratory cycle. Restrictive right ventricular physiology was demonstrated in 36 (39%) [group 1] of the 92 @entity1 in whom the data were analyzed. Left ventricular function (FS, isovolumic relaxation time and transmitral E wave deceleration time) was not different in the two groups (p < 0.1, p < 0.6, and p < 0.8, respectively). The presence of antegrade diastolic flow shortened the @entity338 in the restrictive group (PR duration/square root of RR 10.7 +/- 2.1 vs 12.1 +/- 2.1, p < 0.01). There was delayed onset of shortening (97.4 +/- 24 vs 88.8 +/- 24 ms, p = 0.01), and the amplitude of right @entity713 , corrected for body surface area, was significantly lower during atrial systole in the restrictive group (0.43 +/- 0.15 vs 0.54 +/- 0.2 cm/m2, p < 0.01). There was also a tendency toward a smaller ratio of right to left total @entity713 in the same group (1.14 +/- 0.19 vs 1.22 +/- 0.23, p = 0.1). @entity73 function in @entity1 with restrictive right ventricular physiology following repair of @entity215 is associated with abnormal diastolic filling and may contribute to the long-term cardioprotective effect of restrictive physiology by limiting the degree of @entity1001 .

title: Biventricular long axis function after repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular ring excursion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired long axis']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: The purpose of study was to determine the @entity33662 value through beta-carotene analysis of five Brazilian leafy vegetables: @entity10786 leaves ( @entity10786 .), beet leaves (Beta vulgaris L.) "serralha" (Sonchus oleracea L.), mint (Mentha piperita LL.) and celery leaves (Aplum graveolens. L.). Two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (OCC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (OCC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Recovery tests were done for both methods and 92% of recovery was obtained for OCC and for HPLC 102%. The @entity33662 value obtained for these leaves, using OCC were: 491 RE/100 g for @entity10786 , 1097 for beet, 1390 for "serralha", 1016 for mint and 911 for celery. The results obtained using HPLC were 495 RE/100 g for @entity10786 leaves, 1095 for beet leaves, 1472 for "serralha" leaves, 940 for mint leaves and 908 for celery leaves. We concluded that both methods presented good recoveries, are similar for determination of @entity33662 in the leaves and they can be used for routine analysis. These five leaves can be as an inexpensive and easily obtained sources of @entity33662 in Brazil.

title: Determination of XXXX of green leafy vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography and open column chromatography.

entities_list: @entity33662 :: ('CHEBI:67200', 'Chemical') :: ['provitamin A']

entities_list: @entity10786 :: ('4039', 'Species') :: ['Daucus carota L', 'carrot']

answer: @entity33662 :: (CHEBI:67200,Chemical) :: ['provitamin A']


abstract: Community health education played a major role in a study of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) and other @entity5860 which we conducted in rural and periurban communities of the Asaro Valley near Goroka in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. We found that most @entity1 had little knowledge about @entity2953 , which they often did not realize were sexually transmitted. Even major signs and symptoms were thought to be normal and many @entity1 had not sought treatment until irreversible damage was done. Knowledge of the complications of @entity2953 , such as @entity249 and @entity2209 , was also slight in these @entity1 . It is apparent that there is a desperate need for more reproductive health education at the community level. In developing our health education methods, we found that simple line drawings of male and female reproductive organs and of @entity1 with different signs of @entity2953 proved useful. These were quick and easy to produce from readily available materials. It was important to separate @entity1 and @entity1 into different groups with educators of the same sex, and to create a very informal atmosphere, encouraging free-ranging discussion. Following health education and sensitive interviewing, almost all the @entity1 selected for the community-based study of the prevalence of @entity5860 consented to vaginal examination, even if they were asymptomatic. Additionally, many nonselected @entity1 requested examination.

title: Knowledge about XXXX in rural and periurban communities of the Asaro Valley of Eastern Highlands Province: the health education component of an STD study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive tract infections']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: It was the aim of the present study to investigate the effects of the acute phase protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in different models of @entity1457 . The @entity1 plasma preparation used was without effect on mortality in lipopolysaccharide-injected @entity19 when administered in two different doses (1 or 0.33 g/kg i.v.) and according to different treatment schedules. The same preparation significantly increased survival rate (48 h) in @entity35 with @entity298 . This effect was seen when alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (200 mg/kg i.v.) was given 15 min prior to and 24 h after cecal puncture. All other dose regimes tested were without significant effect on survival rate. A @entity548 / @entity1457 model (including a defined @entity130 ) in @entity35 resuscitated with 200 mg/kg alpha 1-acid glycoprotein resulted in significantly higher values of mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output and @entity64 volume when compared to corresponding values obtained after resuscitation with Ringer's solution or 200 mg/kg albumin i.v. (free of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein; placebo formulation). Taking all other possible mechanisms of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein into consideration, the partially protective effects of the preparation are explained by enhancing the capillary barrier function and thereby maintaining perfusion of vital organs.

title: Effects of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in different rodent models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock', 'hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['septic peritonitis']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop, implement and evaluate a practice guideline for stress @entity1066 . DESIGN: Before-after study. SETTING: Ten-bed Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 4-bed Step-down Unit in a teaching hospital. @entity1 AND @entity1 : Fifty @entity1 admitted during 1 year before and 50 @entity1 admitted 3-6 months after introduction of the guideline. INTERVENTION: Introduction of the practice guideline by dissemination of pocket cards, seminars and " @entity4207 ". MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Appropriateness (defined as proportion of days in which the prophylaxis met the criteria in the guideline), incidence of @entity360 and of @entity2489 , length of stay in ICU and in hospital, ventilator days. ICU mortality and medication costs for stress @entity1066 . After the introduction of the guideline, appropriateness increased from 75.8% to 91.1%, and medication costs decreased from C  2.50/day to C  1.30/day. There were no differences in any clinical outcomes. Predictors of appropriate use or the withholding of prophylaxis were the introduction of the guideline, lack of an indication for prophylaxis and number of days studied. CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of this guideline was associated with an increase in appropriateness of prophylaxis and a decrease in medication costs.

title: Implementation of a clinical practice guideline for stress XXXX increases appropriateness and decreases cost of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic detailing']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']


abstract: The specific motility patterns of the forestomach of ruminants, composed of three structurally distinct compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum), require an elaborate intramural innervation. To demonstrate the complex structure of the enteric nervous system (ENS), whole mount preparations obtained from different sites of the @entity291 forestomach were submitted to immunohistochemical procedures in which neuronal (protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament 200) and glial (protein S-100, glial fibrillary acid protein) markers were applied. Immunohistochemistry performed on whole mounts allowed a detailed two-dimensional assessment of the architecture of the intramural nerve networks. Generally, the myenteric and submucosal plexus layers were composed of @entity21 and interconnecting nerve fiber strands, whereas the mucosal plexus consisted of an aganglionated nerve network. However, the texture of the ENS showed considerable regional differences concerning the ganglionic size, shape and density and the arrangement of nerve fiber strands. The myenteric plexus of the ruminal wall, showing a low ganglionic density and wide polygonal meshes, contrasted with the nerve network within the ruminal pillar which consisted of ropeladder-like nerve fiber strands and parallel orientated @entity21 . The highest ganglionic density was observed at the reticular groove, the most prominent @entity21 were found within the omasal wall. Branches of the vagal nerve frequently ramified within the myenteric plexus layers. The submucosal plexus of the rumen was divided into an external and internal layer; the reticular submucosal plexus followed the cristae and cellulae reticuli, the omasal submucosal (sublaminar) plexus showed intra- and parafascicular @entity21 apart from @entity21 located at the junctions of the nerve network. The mucosal plexus of the rumen consisted of thin nerve fascicles ramifying between the ruminal papillae, and reticular mucosal nerve fibers passed throughout the base of the cellulae reticuli. The highly specialised nerve network of the intralaminar omasal plexus showed radial and transverse trajectories reflecting the spatial arrangement of the intralaminar musculature. The demonstrated structural complexity of the ENS reflects the functional complexity of the ruminant forestomach and indicates the relatively high degree of autonomy in coordinating the different motility patterns required for the processing of the ingesta.

title: Structural differences of the enteric nervous system in the XXXX forestomach revealed by whole mount immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare apneic time with the @entity1 diving response, defined as heart rate (HR) reduction and reduced skin blood flow, in groups with varying degrees of breath-hold diving experience. @entity299 in air and @entity386 with face immersion in cold water were thus recorded in nine groups. Skin capillary blood flow was recorded in six of the groups. All subjects received the same information on maximizing apneic duration, and no information about their progress during the @entity386 . The longest @entity386 and the most pronounced cardiovascular adjustments were found in the young, trained divers. It was found that apneic time was significantly correlated to @entity299 among the nine groups (r = 0.94, P < 0.001), and to skin capillary blood flow reduction among the six groups where the parameter was measured (r = 0.82, P < 0.05). The correlation between @entity299 and skin capillary blood flow reduction was also significant (r = 0.85, P < 0.05). When the difference in @entity299 and apneic time between @entity386 in air and @entity386 with face immersion were compared in the nine groups, it was found that all groups reacted with a more pronounced @entity299 during @entity386 with face immersion. All groups without prior breath-hold diving experience were found to perform shorter @entity386 with face immersion than @entity386 in air, or @entity386 of the same duration in both conditions, which has been reported in other studies. However, in all groups with diving experience, the apneic time was prolonged during @entity386 with face immersion. The results of this study suggest an @entity26 -conserving effect of the diving response in trained apneic divers.

title: Diving response and apneic time in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HR reduction', 'Apneic time and HR reduction at apneas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: An unexpected association with @entity0 and @entity1374 was found during a review of 91 cases of benign and @entity43 . Sixty-three @entity5 were benign, 11 had areas of borderline @entity5 , and 17 had a component of @entity189 . Such @entity5 were divided into glandular/cystic (61 cases) and papillary (30 cases) according to their gross and microscopic appearance. Among the 61 @entity1 with glandular/cystic @entity26270 , 13 (21%) had @entity0 and 19 (31%) also had @entity1374 . Among the 30 @entity1 with papillary @entity26270 there were no cases of @entity0 and only 2 @entity1 had @entity1374 . The average age of the @entity1 with @entity43 and @entity0 or @entity1374 was higher (66 years) than that of @entity1 without @entity0 or @entity1374 (55 years). More @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity1374 had bilateral @entity26270 than @entity1 without @entity0 or @entity1374 . We also reviewed the medical records of 100 @entity1 with @entity43 without @entity26270 component, 100 @entity1 with @entity0 , and 100 @entity1 with @entity5344 . Six percent of @entity1 with @entity43 had @entity0 and 16% of each one of these groups had @entity1374 . This unexpected association found between glandular/cystic @entity26270 , @entity0 , and @entity1374 might be explained by defects common to these organs. Disorders of some of these organs have been linked by common genetic changes and it is known that these organs are under the influence of similar hormones. Mutations of @entity983 have been found in breast and @entity259 . The thyroid and ovaries are controlled by glycoprotein hormones of the pituitary gland, which have common alpha subunits.

title: The association of benign and @entity43 with XXXX and @entity1374 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian adenofibroma', 'malignant ovarian adenofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity26270 :: ('MESH:D000232', 'Disease') :: ['adenofibroma', 'adenofibromas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: An unexpected association with @entity0 and @entity1374 was found during a review of 91 cases of benign and @entity43 . Sixty-three @entity5 were benign, 11 had areas of borderline @entity5 , and 17 had a component of @entity189 . Such @entity5 were divided into glandular/cystic (61 cases) and papillary (30 cases) according to their gross and microscopic appearance. Among the 61 @entity1 with glandular/cystic @entity26270 , 13 (21%) had @entity0 and 19 (31%) also had @entity1374 . Among the 30 @entity1 with papillary @entity26270 there were no cases of @entity0 and only 2 @entity1 had @entity1374 . The average age of the @entity1 with @entity43 and @entity0 or @entity1374 was higher (66 years) than that of @entity1 without @entity0 or @entity1374 (55 years). More @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity1374 had bilateral @entity26270 than @entity1 without @entity0 or @entity1374 . We also reviewed the medical records of 100 @entity1 with @entity43 without @entity26270 component, 100 @entity1 with @entity0 , and 100 @entity1 with @entity5344 . Six percent of @entity1 with @entity43 had @entity0 and 16% of each one of these groups had @entity1374 . This unexpected association found between glandular/cystic @entity26270 , @entity0 , and @entity1374 might be explained by defects common to these organs. Disorders of some of these organs have been linked by common genetic changes and it is known that these organs are under the influence of similar hormones. Mutations of @entity983 have been found in breast and @entity259 . The thyroid and ovaries are controlled by glycoprotein hormones of the pituitary gland, which have common alpha subunits.

title: The association of benign and @entity43 with @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disorders']


abstract: An unexpected association with @entity0 and @entity1374 was found during a review of 91 cases of benign and @entity43 . Sixty-three @entity5 were benign, 11 had areas of borderline @entity5 , and 17 had a component of @entity189 . Such @entity5 were divided into glandular/cystic (61 cases) and papillary (30 cases) according to their gross and microscopic appearance. Among the 61 @entity1 with glandular/cystic @entity26270 , 13 (21%) had @entity0 and 19 (31%) also had @entity1374 . Among the 30 @entity1 with papillary @entity26270 there were no cases of @entity0 and only 2 @entity1 had @entity1374 . The average age of the @entity1 with @entity43 and @entity0 or @entity1374 was higher (66 years) than that of @entity1 without @entity0 or @entity1374 (55 years). More @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity1374 had bilateral @entity26270 than @entity1 without @entity0 or @entity1374 . We also reviewed the medical records of 100 @entity1 with @entity43 without @entity26270 component, 100 @entity1 with @entity0 , and 100 @entity1 with @entity5344 . Six percent of @entity1 with @entity43 had @entity0 and 16% of each one of these groups had @entity1374 . This unexpected association found between glandular/cystic @entity26270 , @entity0 , and @entity1374 might be explained by defects common to these organs. Disorders of some of these organs have been linked by common genetic changes and it is known that these organs are under the influence of similar hormones. Mutations of @entity983 have been found in breast and @entity259 . The thyroid and ovaries are controlled by glycoprotein hormones of the pituitary gland, which have common alpha subunits.

title: The association of benign and XXXX with @entity0 and @entity1374 .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignant ovarian adenofibromas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Monoclonal @entity310 antibodies are a new treatment of severe @entity309 . One of the possible side effects is the appearance of @entity1292 . We report here on three cases of disseminated @entity378 observed in @entity1 undergoing treatment with infliximab. EXEGESIS: A 45-year-old @entity1 , treated with infliximab, was hospitalised after five infusions for @entity221 and dyspnoea. The exams showed @entity1907 . The second case is a 75-year-old @entity1 whose symptoms were @entity221 , cough and cervical adenopathy after three infliximab infusions. Diagnosis was disseminated @entity378 . The third case is a 59-year-old @entity1 who was hospitalised for an @entity166 with dyspnoea, after two infliximab infusions. We discovered @entity1907 . CONCLUSION: These three cases added to the 68 cases of @entity378 registered with the treatment of infliximab. This confirms the risk of severe opportunist infectious side effects. @entity310 is a cytokine which has anti-infectious properties. These @entity378 are severe and generalized. It is recommended to search for an active or @entity9178 before beginning treatment with infliximab, and to check these @entity1 frequently.

title: [Anti- @entity310 monoclonal antibodies (infliximab) and XXXX : apropos of 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoses', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary and peritoneal tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Monoclonal @entity310 antibodies are a new treatment of severe @entity309 . One of the possible side effects is the appearance of @entity1292 . We report here on three cases of disseminated @entity378 observed in @entity1 undergoing treatment with infliximab. EXEGESIS: A 45-year-old @entity1 , treated with infliximab, was hospitalised after five infusions for @entity221 and dyspnoea. The exams showed @entity1907 . The second case is a 75-year-old @entity1 whose symptoms were @entity221 , cough and cervical adenopathy after three infliximab infusions. Diagnosis was disseminated @entity378 . The third case is a 59-year-old @entity1 who was hospitalised for an @entity166 with dyspnoea, after two infliximab infusions. We discovered @entity1907 . CONCLUSION: These three cases added to the 68 cases of @entity378 registered with the treatment of infliximab. This confirms the risk of severe opportunist infectious side effects. @entity310 is a cytokine which has anti-infectious properties. These @entity378 are severe and generalized. It is recommended to search for an active or @entity9178 before beginning treatment with infliximab, and to check these @entity1 frequently.

title: [Anti- XXXX monoclonal antibodies (infliximab) and @entity378 : apropos of 3 cases].

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF alpha']


abstract: Interruption of lactation provokes a massive @entity528 in the @entity35 pituitary gland. This process was determined to be non-apoptotic in nature, and this observation raised many questions as cell death by apoptosis has been described in several tissues after withdrawal of trophic hormones. In this study we explored various experimental conditions and gathered new information leading to a comprehensive interpretation of the factors involved in the induction of apoptosis in lactotrophs. With this aim, we investigated the apoptogenic role of @entity9697 on lactotrophs in several experimental models involving male and female @entity35 . Even though @entity9697 increased the expression of @entity10740 in all experimental models, apoptosis was only triggered in male and ovariectomised females. In both conditions the @entity2931 stimulation is low or nil, and the occurrence of apoptosis can be correlated with the appearance of atypical lactotrophs and the level of @entity10740 expression. The existence of apoptosis was validated with the observation of DNA laddering in electrophoresis. By contrast, in intact females the majority of lactotrophs present signs of an increased prolactin secretion and no DNA fragmentation was found. Endogenous @entity2931 probably prevent the deep inhibitory effect of a @entity935 agonist and thus block apoptosis. Besides, the morphological analysis of regressing pituitary revealed the coexistence of lactotrophs to be an important factor responsible for tissue remodelling in functional pituitary glands undergoing apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell deaths. The non-apoptotic cell death appeared to be an important factor responsible for tissue remodelling in functional pituitary glands. The present results suggest that the occurrence of apoptosis in regressing lactotrophs caused by @entity9697 is sexually dimorphic and probably associated with the survival effect of endogenous @entity2931 in intact females.

title: Sexual dimorphism of apoptosis in lactotrophs induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity9697 :: ('CHEBI:3181', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocryptine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of surplus lactotrophs']

answer: @entity9697 :: (CHEBI:3181,Chemical) :: ['bromocryptine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival @entity2713 injections for resistant, nonnecrotizing, @entity3170 . DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : Twelve eyes of 10 consecutive @entity1 seen in the Doheny Eye Institute between August 1999 and December 2000 with diffuse, nonnecrotizing @entity3170 that was resistant to systemic antiinflammatory therapy. Eyes with a history of @entity134 response were excluded. INTERVENTION: Subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 to the areas of maximal @entity32 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity3170 activity, adverse treatment effects, and number of systemic medications required at the end of the follow-up period. RESULTS: Within 1 to 14 days after injection, complete resolution of signs and symptoms was achieved in 11 eyes and partial resolution in 1 eye. Two @entity1 had one recurrence each, 2.5 and 11 months after injection. Six of 10 @entity1 were able to discontinue all systemic therapy ( @entity229 +/- immunosuppressive drugs); the remaining 4 needed continued oral therapy for systemic indications. Transient @entity2790 and @entity548 occurred in one eye each. Median follow-up period was 15 months. No eye developed @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 is a safe and effective treatment for resistant, nonnecrotizing @entity3170 . It provides rapid effect, is well tolerated, and may spare @entity1 the significant complications and side effects of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy.

title: A prospective evaluation of subconjunctival injection of XXXX for resistant @entity3170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing scleritis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['anterior scleritis', 'Scleritis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival @entity2713 injections for resistant, nonnecrotizing, @entity3170 . DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : Twelve eyes of 10 consecutive @entity1 seen in the Doheny Eye Institute between August 1999 and December 2000 with diffuse, nonnecrotizing @entity3170 that was resistant to systemic antiinflammatory therapy. Eyes with a history of @entity134 response were excluded. INTERVENTION: Subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 to the areas of maximal @entity32 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity3170 activity, adverse treatment effects, and number of systemic medications required at the end of the follow-up period. RESULTS: Within 1 to 14 days after injection, complete resolution of signs and symptoms was achieved in 11 eyes and partial resolution in 1 eye. Two @entity1 had one recurrence each, 2.5 and 11 months after injection. Six of 10 @entity1 were able to discontinue all systemic therapy ( @entity229 +/- immunosuppressive drugs); the remaining 4 needed continued oral therapy for systemic indications. Transient @entity2790 and @entity548 occurred in one eye each. Median follow-up period was 15 months. No eye developed @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 is a safe and effective treatment for resistant, nonnecrotizing @entity3170 . It provides rapid effect, is well tolerated, and may spare @entity1 the significant complications and side effects of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy.

title: A prospective evaluation of subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 for resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity3170 :: (MESH:D015423,Disease) :: ['anterior scleritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13514 is a mitochondrial membrane transporter that is postulated to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation from @entity855 synthesis producing heat instead of @entity855 . @entity1 @entity13514 is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, which plays an important role in energy homeostasis and substrate oxidation. Therefore, @entity13514 is a good candidate gene for @entity28 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed, among 734 subjects from the Qu  bec Family Study, a new GA repeat microsatellite located in intervening sequence (IVS) 6 (GAIVS6) in @entity13514 gene, and two already described restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) @entity70734 ( @entity6344 ) and @entity70735 ( @entity13284 ). Covariance analysis across genotypes for different adiposity, resting energy expenditure, and @entity413 metabolism variables was undertaken with age and sex, plus body fat and body mass for nonadiposity phenotypes, as covariates. RESULTS: We found strong associations between GAIVS6 and body mass index (p = 0.0001), fat mass (p = 0.0005), percentage body fat (p = 0.0004), the sum of six skinfold thickness (p = 0.0001), and leptin level (p = 0.0001). Homozygote for the GAIVS6 240 bp alleles (15% frequency in QFS) showed higher adiposity than subjects with the GAIVS6 238 bp allele (70% in QFS). The exons, the 5' untranslated region (UTR), and the exon-intron junctions of @entity13514 gene from subjects homozygote for either GAIVS6 238 bp or 240 bp alleles were sequenced in search for mutations. Variants 5'UTR @entity70736 and @entity70734 ( @entity6344 ) were detected, whereas @entity70737 was uncovered, but no new exonic or splice junction mutation was observed. RFLP @entity70734 ( @entity6344 ) was not associated to adiposity in QFS; @entity70738 showed no variation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that some alleles of @entity13514 are involved in the etiology of @entity1 @entity28 .

title: Association between uncoupling protein 3 gene and XXXX -related phenotypes in the Qu  bec Family Study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the implications of positive cytology for malignant cells (positive results) from peritoneal washings in the management of @entity1 with @entity788 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Referral practice in a university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 32 consecutive @entity788 @entity1 with positive results from peritoneal washings during a 4-year period, 17 with visible biopsy-proven intraabdominal @entity3 at the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy and 15 without visible @entity3 . A treatment-matched control group of 30 @entity1 was randomly selected from a group of 105 @entity1 with negative cytology for malignant cells (negative results) from peritoneal-fluid cytology. INTERVENTIONS: Eight of 17 @entity1 with visible @entity3 underwent treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, or both; 13 of the 15 @entity1 with no visible @entity3 underwent further treatment, including pancreatic resection in 2 @entity1 and external beam radiation in 13 @entity1 (3 with intraoperative radiation therapy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time to @entity3 and mortality. RESULTS: Median survival among @entity1 with and without visible @entity3 was 7.8 months and 8.6 months, respectively (P=.95), despite the fact that @entity1 without visible @entity3 received more treatment. @entity1 without visible @entity3 at presentation were found to have metastatic disease as documented by computed tomographic scan or subsequent laparotomy at a median time of 2.9 months. The survival of treatment-matched @entity1 with negative cytology was significantly longer (median, 13.5 months; P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 @entity1 with peritoneal micrometastases have a dismal outcome even without macroscopic @entity3 . Since these @entity1 do not benefit from local therapy, the finding of a positive result from peritoneal-fluid cytologic testing contraindicates further irradiation or surgery, except for specific complications.

title: Implications of peritoneal cytology for XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of unilateral thalamotomy in @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: The junction of the ventralis oralis posterior and ventralis intermedius nuclei targeted under CT-guidance, and confirmed by impedance recording and macrostimulation. RESULTS: At the 6-month assessment the @entity400 has been completely abolished in 37 @entity1 (82.2%), and reduced in 6 @entity1 (13.3%). The Unified @entity191 Rating Scale @entity400 score decreased by 92.5%, @entity2003 improved by 65.9%. Axial symptoms and @entity2845 showed smaller improvement. The levodopa and anti-cholinergic medication significantly reduced. An improvement in the quality of life measured by the @entity191 Questionnaire (PDQ-39) has been observed. The dimensions of mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well being, and stigma were significantly (P<0.05) better, other changes were not significant. The single index improved from 47.8+/-7.8 to 28.9+/-6.3. Transient complications noted in 9 @entity1 (20%), mild persistent morbidity observed in 3 @entity1 (6.7%). At the 1, 2 and 3-year follow-up neither contralateral @entity400 , @entity2003 , nor @entity2845 progression was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided thalamotomy with macro-electrode mapping provides a safe, effective and long lasting control of @entity400 and @entity2003 , reduces the need for medication, and improves the quality of life.

title: CT-guided unilateral thalamotomy with macroelectrode mapping for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The influence of @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) volume on common fetal lung maturity (FLM) indices was evaluated. Cases diagnosed with altered @entity6703 volume as estimated by ultrasound (n = 71; @entity2978 = 33, @entity2906 = 38) were matched to controls by: gestational age (GA) at amniocentesis, GA at delivery, neonatal weight, sex, and pregnancy complication. FLM was assessed on @entity6703 specimens obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis by planimetric and stechiometric L/S, @entity3634 (PG), and lamellar bodies counts (LB). In cases with @entity2978 , L/S ratios (planimetric and stechiometric) were statistically lower in cases with respect to controls (2.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.8 +/- 1.0, p = 0.007, and 4.8 +/- 2.4 vs. 5.9 +/- 2.7, p < 0.04; respectively). Absence of PG was more frequent in (70.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.02). LB counts were lower in cases than in controls (15.5 +/- 12.1 x 10(3)/microL vs. 21.9 +/- 14.3 x 10(3)/microL, p < 0.05). In cases with @entity2906 , no difference was found for planimetric and stechiometric L/S in comparison to controls (2.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.0, N.S. and 4.9 +/- 2.1 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8, N.S.; respectively), absence of PG (62.5% vs. 50%, N.S.), and LB counts (27.2 x 10(3)/microL +/- 12.8 x 10(3)/microL vs. 28.6 x 10(3)/microL +/- 24.1 x 10(3)/microL, N.S.). In conclusion, @entity2906 was not associated with altered FLM indices; in cases with @entity2978 all FLM indices were significantly lower.

title: The effect of XXXX and @entity2906 on fetal lung maturity indexes.

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity2978 :: (MESH:D006831,Disease) :: ['polyhydramnios']


abstract: The influence of @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) volume on common fetal lung maturity (FLM) indices was evaluated. Cases diagnosed with altered @entity6703 volume as estimated by ultrasound (n = 71; @entity2978 = 33, @entity2906 = 38) were matched to controls by: gestational age (GA) at amniocentesis, GA at delivery, neonatal weight, sex, and pregnancy complication. FLM was assessed on @entity6703 specimens obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis by planimetric and stechiometric L/S, @entity3634 (PG), and lamellar bodies counts (LB). In cases with @entity2978 , L/S ratios (planimetric and stechiometric) were statistically lower in cases with respect to controls (2.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.8 +/- 1.0, p = 0.007, and 4.8 +/- 2.4 vs. 5.9 +/- 2.7, p < 0.04; respectively). Absence of PG was more frequent in (70.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.02). LB counts were lower in cases than in controls (15.5 +/- 12.1 x 10(3)/microL vs. 21.9 +/- 14.3 x 10(3)/microL, p < 0.05). In cases with @entity2906 , no difference was found for planimetric and stechiometric L/S in comparison to controls (2.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.0, N.S. and 4.9 +/- 2.1 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8, N.S.; respectively), absence of PG (62.5% vs. 50%, N.S.), and LB counts (27.2 x 10(3)/microL +/- 12.8 x 10(3)/microL vs. 28.6 x 10(3)/microL +/- 24.1 x 10(3)/microL, N.S.). In conclusion, @entity2906 was not associated with altered FLM indices; in cases with @entity2978 all FLM indices were significantly lower.

title: The effect of @entity2978 and XXXX on fetal lung maturity indexes.

answer: @entity2906 :: (MESH:D016104,Disease) :: ['oligohydramnios']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 often have an unsatisfactory long-term outcome and are at risk of developing @entity177 . We prospectively treated 65 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 and @entity628 ( @entity628 ) with intravenous pulses of @entity288 and oral @entity786 . @entity619 (5 mg/kg) or @entity1667 (30 mg/kg) was administered intravenously, initially 6 pulses on alternate days, followed by 4 fortnightly and 8 monthly pulses. Oral @entity786 therapy was given for 12 weeks and tapering doses of @entity617 were administered for 52 weeks. The mean age at treatment was 85.7+/- 44.9 months. Five @entity1 developed serious @entity281 during administration of initial alternate-day pulses and were excluded. Of 59 @entity1 who completed initial alternate-day therapy, 17 had complete and 8 partial remission; 34 (57.6%) @entity1 did not respond to treatment. The median urine protein to @entity1011 ratio decreased from 10.0 to 0.75 (P<0.005) and serum @entity2313 increased from 1.9 g/dl to 2.4 g/dl (P<0.01). The median duration of follow-up after stopping pulse therapy was 25.6 months. Thirty-four @entity1 were followed for more than 3 years (median 4.5 years). Of these, 22 (64.7%) @entity1 had a favorable outcome; persistent complete remission was seen in 15 @entity1 and @entity134 -responsive relapses in 7. Seven @entity1 had non- @entity1985 -range @entity644 , 2 had @entity1985 -range @entity644 , and 3 (8.8%) were in @entity177 . There was no significant difference in the short- and long-term outcome of @entity1 with initial (n=28) and late resistance (n=31). The outcome in @entity1 receiving intravenous @entity619 (n=48) or @entity1667 (n=11) was also similar. The chief side effects included worsening of height standard deviation score (47.4%), transient @entity101 (42.5%), and serious @entity281 (18.5%). We conclude that prolonged treatment with intravenous @entity288 and oral @entity786 is beneficial in @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant @entity628 . Expensive protocols can be successfully modified and used, depending upon the availability of health resources.

title: Treatment of XXXX with pulse steroids and oral @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 often have an unsatisfactory long-term outcome and are at risk of developing @entity177 . We prospectively treated 65 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 and @entity628 ( @entity628 ) with intravenous pulses of @entity288 and oral @entity786 . @entity619 (5 mg/kg) or @entity1667 (30 mg/kg) was administered intravenously, initially 6 pulses on alternate days, followed by 4 fortnightly and 8 monthly pulses. Oral @entity786 therapy was given for 12 weeks and tapering doses of @entity617 were administered for 52 weeks. The mean age at treatment was 85.7+/- 44.9 months. Five @entity1 developed serious @entity281 during administration of initial alternate-day pulses and were excluded. Of 59 @entity1 who completed initial alternate-day therapy, 17 had complete and 8 partial remission; 34 (57.6%) @entity1 did not respond to treatment. The median urine protein to @entity1011 ratio decreased from 10.0 to 0.75 (P<0.005) and serum @entity2313 increased from 1.9 g/dl to 2.4 g/dl (P<0.01). The median duration of follow-up after stopping pulse therapy was 25.6 months. Thirty-four @entity1 were followed for more than 3 years (median 4.5 years). Of these, 22 (64.7%) @entity1 had a favorable outcome; persistent complete remission was seen in 15 @entity1 and @entity134 -responsive relapses in 7. Seven @entity1 had non- @entity1985 -range @entity644 , 2 had @entity1985 -range @entity644 , and 3 (8.8%) were in @entity177 . There was no significant difference in the short- and long-term outcome of @entity1 with initial (n=28) and late resistance (n=31). The outcome in @entity1 receiving intravenous @entity619 (n=48) or @entity1667 (n=11) was also similar. The chief side effects included worsening of height standard deviation score (47.4%), transient @entity101 (42.5%), and serious @entity281 (18.5%). We conclude that prolonged treatment with intravenous @entity288 and oral @entity786 is beneficial in @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant @entity628 . Expensive protocols can be successfully modified and used, depending upon the availability of health resources.

title: Treatment of @entity628 with pulse steroids and oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: To study the role of @entity1735 in lysosomal protein transport, we engineered two novel glycosylation signals ( @entity2734 -X-Ser/Thr) into the cDNA of @entity1 procathepsin L, a lysosomal acid protease. We constructed six mutant cDNAs encoding glycosylation signals at mutant sites @entity2734 -138, @entity2734 -175, or both sites together, in the presence or absence of the wild-type @entity2734 -204 site. We stably transfected wild-type and mutant cDNAs into NIH3T3 @entity19 fibroblasts and then used species-specific antibodies to determine the glycosylation status, phosphorylation, localization, and transport kinetics of recombinant @entity1 procathepsin L containing one, two, or three glycosylation sites. Both novel glycosylation sites were capable of being glycosylated, although @entity2734 -175 was utilized only 30-50% of the time. Like the wild-type glycosylation at @entity2734 -204, @entity3363 at @entity2734 -138 and @entity2734 -175 were completely sensitive to endoglycosidase H, and they were phosphorylated. Mutant proteins containing two @entity3363 were capable of being delivered to lysosomes, but there was not a consistent relationship between the efficiency of lysosomal delivery and @entity1735 content of the protein. Pulse-chase labeling revealed a unique biosynthetic pattern for proteins carrying the @entity2734 -175 glycosylation sequence. Whereas wild-type procathepsin L and mutants bearing @entity1735 at @entity2734 -138 appeared in lysosomes by about 60 min, proteins with @entity1735 at @entity2734 -175 were processed to a lysosome-like polypeptide within 15 min. Temperature shift, @entity10613 , and @entity8777 experiments suggested that the rapid processing did not occur in the endoplasmic reticulum and that @entity2734 -175 mutants could interact with the @entity7788 receptor. Taken together, our results are consistent with the interpretation that @entity2734 -175 @entity1735 confers rapid transport to lysosomes. We may have identified a recognition domain in procathepsin L that is important for its interactions with the cellular transport machinery.

title: Effect of XXXX position on lysosomal transport of procathepsin L.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7788 :: ('MESH:C027693', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose 6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity10613 :: ('MESH:D020126', 'Chemical') :: ['brefeldin A']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of skin manifestations, including the @entity6 , in young @entity1723 @entity1 . In addition, we studied the relation of the cutaneous manifestations to @entity6 duration, glycemic control, and microvascular complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The frequency of skin manifestations, including the @entity6 , were examined in 238 @entity1723 @entity1 (disease duration > 5 years) and 122 healthy control subjects in a cross-sectional study. In addition, we studied the relation of the cutaneous manifestations with @entity6 duration, glycemic control, BMI, microvascular complications, and stratum corneum hydration using a stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity6 skin manifestations were detected in 168 of 238 (71%) @entity1723 @entity1 and in 18 of 122 (14%) of the control subjects. Ichthyosiform skin changes of the shins, @entity2631 -like skin changes, @entity14654 , and @entity2133 were detected in 48 vs. 7%, 39 vs. 0%, 32 vs. 7%, and 21 vs. 0.8% of the @entity1 and control subjects, respectively. In the @entity6 @entity1 , a significant association was found between @entity5657 of the shins and @entity2631 -like skin changes of the hand (P < 0.001) and between @entity2631 -like skin changes and the skin dryness of the palms (P < 0.0001). When @entity6 risk factors were considered, @entity6 duration was significantly associated with @entity2631 -like skin changes and @entity5657 of the shins (P < 0.0001). The latter was also found to be related to @entity6 (P < 0.0001). @entity27301 was present in 21% of the @entity1 versus 9% in control subjects and was found to be exclusively associated with high BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired @entity5657 is a common finding and the most prevalent skin manifestation in young @entity1723 @entity1 . The development of several skin manifestations in insulin-dependent @entity1 seems to be related to duration of @entity6 and to development of @entity2412 .

title: The prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in XXXX @entity1 and their association with @entity2412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14654 :: ('MESH:D014008', 'Disease') :: ['tinea pedis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic hand syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry scaly palms']

entities_list: @entity27301 :: ('MESH:C537412', 'Disease') :: ['Keratosis pilaris']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']