abstract: The production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 has been reported previously from our laboratory. In the present study, the immunochemical characteristics of the monoclonal antibody ( @entity73202 ) have been investigated using In-111 cells, a virus-induced @entity9608 cell line derived from the @entity329 as target cells. The antibody @entity73202 could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of In-111 cells. To identify the molecular weight of target specific antigens reacting with @entity73202 , 125I-surface labelled In-111 cells were solubilized and extracts were absorbed with @entity73202 . The immunoprecipitates were subjected to @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. @entity73202 recognized two major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of radioactive 64K and inactive 28K daltons. In order to evaluate antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms of @entity73202 , complement-dependent antibody-mediated @entity137 (C'AMC) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) were tested, using a method of specific @entity3407 release. In the study for C'AMC, even though over wide ranges of antibody concentration and @entity95 complement, purified @entity73202 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on In-111 cells. On the other hand, significant @entity137 was observed at 10 micrograms/ml antibody concentration and 1:40 target: effector cell ratio. Finally, the effect of @entity73202 on @entity413 -stimulated insulin release in isolated @entity35 islets was examined. At 16.7 mM @entity413 concentration, @entity73202 significantly inhibited the insulin release in the absence or presence of complement. Therefore, @entity73202 can not only bind but also be active to the target cells in the @entity137 and suppression of insulin release, and it can be a useful tool to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity6 . Furthermore, these results suggest that the relationship between islet cell surface antibody and cell-mediated immunity, especially immunoresponse against certain antigenic determinants on pancreatic B cells, seems to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity6 .

title: [Studies on the pathogenesis of @entity6 --immunochemical studies with monoclonal islet cell surface antibody using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese XXXX @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian golden hamster']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 has been reported previously from our laboratory. In the present study, the immunochemical characteristics of the monoclonal antibody ( @entity73202 ) have been investigated using In-111 cells, a virus-induced @entity9608 cell line derived from the @entity329 as target cells. The antibody @entity73202 could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of In-111 cells. To identify the molecular weight of target specific antigens reacting with @entity73202 , 125I-surface labelled In-111 cells were solubilized and extracts were absorbed with @entity73202 . The immunoprecipitates were subjected to @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. @entity73202 recognized two major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of radioactive 64K and inactive 28K daltons. In order to evaluate antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms of @entity73202 , complement-dependent antibody-mediated @entity137 (C'AMC) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) were tested, using a method of specific @entity3407 release. In the study for C'AMC, even though over wide ranges of antibody concentration and @entity95 complement, purified @entity73202 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on In-111 cells. On the other hand, significant @entity137 was observed at 10 micrograms/ml antibody concentration and 1:40 target: effector cell ratio. Finally, the effect of @entity73202 on @entity413 -stimulated insulin release in isolated @entity35 islets was examined. At 16.7 mM @entity413 concentration, @entity73202 significantly inhibited the insulin release in the absence or presence of complement. Therefore, @entity73202 can not only bind but also be active to the target cells in the @entity137 and suppression of insulin release, and it can be a useful tool to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity6 . Furthermore, these results suggest that the relationship between islet cell surface antibody and cell-mediated immunity, especially immunoresponse against certain antigenic determinants on pancreatic B cells, seems to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity6 .

title: [Studies on the pathogenesis of XXXX --immunochemical studies with monoclonal islet cell surface antibody using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity6 @entity19 ].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 has been reported previously from our laboratory. In the present study, the immunochemical characteristics of the monoclonal antibody ( @entity73202 ) have been investigated using In-111 cells, a virus-induced @entity9608 cell line derived from the @entity329 as target cells. The antibody @entity73202 could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of In-111 cells. To identify the molecular weight of target specific antigens reacting with @entity73202 , 125I-surface labelled In-111 cells were solubilized and extracts were absorbed with @entity73202 . The immunoprecipitates were subjected to @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. @entity73202 recognized two major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of radioactive 64K and inactive 28K daltons. In order to evaluate antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms of @entity73202 , complement-dependent antibody-mediated @entity137 (C'AMC) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) were tested, using a method of specific @entity3407 release. In the study for C'AMC, even though over wide ranges of antibody concentration and @entity95 complement, purified @entity73202 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on In-111 cells. On the other hand, significant @entity137 was observed at 10 micrograms/ml antibody concentration and 1:40 target: effector cell ratio. Finally, the effect of @entity73202 on @entity413 -stimulated insulin release in isolated @entity35 islets was examined. At 16.7 mM @entity413 concentration, @entity73202 significantly inhibited the insulin release in the absence or presence of complement. Therefore, @entity73202 can not only bind but also be active to the target cells in the @entity137 and suppression of insulin release, and it can be a useful tool to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity6 . Furthermore, these results suggest that the relationship between islet cell surface antibody and cell-mediated immunity, especially immunoresponse against certain antigenic determinants on pancreatic B cells, seems to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity6 .

title: [Studies on the pathogenesis of @entity6 --immunochemical studies with monoclonal islet cell surface antibody using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity6 XXXX ].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity19 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity1 @entity5 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity5 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity19 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity1 @entity5 cells. Four @entity1 @entity320 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity7433 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity3 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity3 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity3 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity19 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity7433 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity3 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity19 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity19 reflected the pattern of distant @entity3 in the donor @entity1 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity3 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity3 was influenced significantly by the @entity7433 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity19 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 . The @entity3 frequency of @entity1 @entity5 in athymic @entity19 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity5 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of XXXX @entity5 in congenitally athymic @entity19 : intrinsic properties of the @entity5 cells and host immune reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity19 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity1 @entity5 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity5 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity19 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity1 @entity5 cells. Four @entity1 @entity320 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity7433 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity3 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity3 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity3 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity19 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity7433 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity3 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity19 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity19 reflected the pattern of distant @entity3 in the donor @entity1 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity3 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity3 was influenced significantly by the @entity7433 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity19 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 . The @entity3 frequency of @entity1 @entity5 in athymic @entity19 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity5 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of @entity1 XXXX in congenitally athymic @entity19 : intrinsic properties of the @entity5 cells and host immune reactivity.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity19 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity1 @entity5 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity5 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity19 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity1 @entity5 cells. Four @entity1 @entity320 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity7433 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity3 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity3 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity3 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity19 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity7433 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity3 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity19 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity19 reflected the pattern of distant @entity3 in the donor @entity1 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity3 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity3 was influenced significantly by the @entity7433 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity19 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 . The @entity3 frequency of @entity1 @entity5 in athymic @entity19 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity5 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 in congenitally athymic @entity19 : intrinsic properties of the XXXX cells and host immune reactivity.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity19 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity1 @entity5 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity5 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity19 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity1 @entity5 cells. Four @entity1 @entity320 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity7433 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity3 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity3 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity3 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity19 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity7433 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity3 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity19 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity19 reflected the pattern of distant @entity3 in the donor @entity1 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity3 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity3 was influenced significantly by the @entity7433 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity19 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 . The @entity3 frequency of @entity1 @entity5 in athymic @entity19 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity5 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity5 in congenitally athymic XXXX : intrinsic properties of the @entity5 cells and host immune reactivity.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6677 (GDM) were given two different isocaloric meal challenge tests to assess @entity413 and @entity2690 responses. Forty-three pregnant @entity1 received a 400-kcal isocaloric breakfast meal tolerance test (mini-MTT). Twenty of the subjects were also given a 2000-kcal isocaloric diet with three meals and three snacks during a 24-h period (maxi- @entity98 ). This was the first study to utilize the physiologic challenge of mixed meals to compare @entity2690 and @entity413 responses of both @entity28 and lean normal pregnant @entity1 and @entity1 with GDM around the clock. Normal @entity28 pregnant @entity1 had higher integrated @entity413 and @entity2690 values around the 24-h clock (P less than 0.003 and less than 0.03, respectively) than lean pregnant @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 with GDM also responded differently to the physiologic challenge of mixed meals. Some, but not all, @entity28 @entity6 subjects were markedly @entity1717 in contrast to lean @entity6 @entity1 who were relatively @entity2690 deficient. One normoglycemic massively @entity28 18-yr-old pregnant @entity1 was unexpectedly found to be severely @entity1717 . The two meal tolerance tests clearly defined a delay in the release of @entity2690 in @entity1 with GDM (lean and @entity28 ) and markedly different quantitative @entity2690 responses to identical meal challenges in @entity28 @entity6 subjects. @entity3190 was positively correlated with prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) and heavier @entity1 , but not with plasma @entity413 levels. These studies provide evidence that GDM is a heterogeneous syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Metabolic and therapeutic assessment of XXXX by two-hour and twenty-four-hour isocaloric meal tolerance tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Lean and obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal hyperinsulinemia']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: We studied 31 @entity1 with @entity384 , correlating mitral valve cusp motion with the continuous wave Doppler signal of @entity339 and the signal averaged electrocardiogram (ECG). Sixteen @entity1 had a B point (early partial closure) on the mitral echogram and 15 did not. Fifteen normal cases were used as controls. The duration of ventricular early potentials (< 40 microV) was measured on the signal averaged ECG of the QRS complex. The PR interval was increased in @entity1 with a B point (190 (33) ms vs. 145 (16) ms in normal, P < 0.01) and PR-AC interval was reduced (25 (71) ms vs. 65 (11) ms in normal, P < 0.05). The B point itself was effectively synchronous with the onset of low velocity early systolic @entity339 , and followed the Q wave of the succeeding beat by 20 ms or less. Early low velocity on @entity339 was not present in @entity1 without a B point. The duration of early potentials was greatly increased in @entity1 with a B point (43 (26) ms) compared both to those without (17 (20) ms, P < 0.01) and to normals (12 (7) ms, P < 0.01) and their duration correlated with B-C interval (r = 0.6, P < 0.02). We conclude that a B point on the mitral echogram in @entity1 with left @entity67 is due to early systolic low velocity @entity339 which itself results from an abnormal pattern of left ventricular activation, probably @entity5036 . Once established, this low velocity jet delays complete mitral valve closure.

title: Association of reduced PR-AC interval with ventricular early potentials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular disease']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise training is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation, but it remains questionable how training intensity affects @entity1 -centered outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 aerobic training intensities on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), symptom control, and exercise tolerance in subjects with @entity1030 . METHODS: Thirty-four subjects with mild to very severe @entity1030 participated in an equivalence/non-inferiority randomized controlled trial with a parallel group blinded to 60 or 80% maximum work rate (W max) aerobic training intensity. The intervention was an out- @entity1 pulmonary rehabilitation program conducted 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed with the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (primary outcome), Mahler's @entity1353 index, London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale, 6-min walk test, and constant-load and incremental exercise tests. RESULTS: Subjects were randomly allocated to aerobic training intensity of 60% W max (group 1, n = 17) or 80% W max (group 2, n = 17). Although there were significant improvements in all outcomes for both groups, there were no between-group differences in mean change in the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (P = .31, 95% CI -12.0 to 3.9), Mahler's @entity1353 index (P = .38), London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (P = .92), 6-min walk test (P = .50, 95% CI 6.2-71.1), constant-load exercise test (P = .50), and incremental exercise test (P = .12). There was only one exercise-related adverse event of cardiac symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic training intensity of at least 60% W max has a positive impact on @entity1030 @entity1 -centered outcomes, with no additional benefit of increasing intensity to 80% W max in HRQOL, symptom control, and exercise tolerance, challenging the present clinical attitude of rehabilitation professionals. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01944072.).

title: Pulmonary Rehabilitation in XXXX : Effect of 2 Aerobic Exercise Intensities on Subject-Centered Outcomes--A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: This study examined eccentric exercise-induced @entity121 and rapid adaptation. Twenty-two male subjects performed 70 eccentric actions with the knee extensors. Group A (n = 11) and group B (n = 11) repeated the same exercise 4 and 13 days after the initial bout, respectively. Criterion measures included @entity925 , muscle force generation (vertical jump height on a Kistler platform), and plasma levels of @entity908 kinase (CK), slow-twitch skeletal (cardiac beta-type) myosin heavy chains (MHC), and cardiac troponin I. Subjects were tested pre-exercise and up to day 4 following each bout. The initial exercise resulted in an increase in CK and MHC, a decrement in muscle force, and delayed onset @entity925 in all @entity1 . CK and MHC release correlated closely (rho = 0.73, p = 0.0001), both did not correlate with the decrement in muscle force generation after exercise. Because cardiac troponin I could not be detected in all samples, which excluded a protein release from the heart (cardiac beta-type MHC), this finding provides evidence for a injury of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers in response to eccentric contractions. Repetition of the initial eccentric exercise bout after 13 days (group B) did not cause @entity925 , a decrement in muscle reaction force with vertical jump or significant changes in plasma MHC and CK concentrations, whereas in case of repetition after 4 days (group A) only the significant increases in CK and MHC were abolished. The decrement in reaction force with vertical jump did not differ significantly from that after the initial exercise session, but perceived @entity925 was less pronounced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Rapid adaptation to eccentric exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle soreness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) exerts a considerable burden on the health care systems. Although many practice guidelines have been developed regarding prophylaxis and treatment of @entity1211 , there is a large gap between the recommendations and the medical practice in health care centers. In this study, we tried to assess adherence of the medical team to guidelines for @entity1211 in medical and surgical wards of teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total number of 500 @entity1 were recruited among hospitalized @entity1 in neurosurgery, orthopedics, general surgery, internal medicine, and obstetrics _ gynecology departments and surgical and medical intensive care units. Afterwards, adherence to thromboprophylaxis guidelines was assessed by comparing the medical records of @entity1 with proper indications extracted from the American College of Chest Physicians Guidelines for @entity1211 prophylaxis (ACCP, 9(th) edition). In other words, for each @entity1 a comparison between proper indications of receiving thromboprophylaxis and the regimen used in practice was made. RESULTS: Out of 472 @entity1 assessed with respect to the appropriateness of the administered prophylaxis, 212 (45.1%) had received proper type of thromboprophylaxis with regard to ACCP guidelines. Orthopedic surgical wards showed the highest rate of appropriateness while neurosurgical wards showed the lowest rate of adherence (76% vs. 1.8%). The overall rate of inappropriateness was 54.9% (260 @entity1 ). Inappropriateness was divided into 3 categories: 1) @entity1 had absolute indications to receive thromboprophylaxis but were not provided with any type of prophylaxis in practice (171 @entity1 , 36.2% of total), 2) in presence of absolute indications, incorrect type of prophylaxis was administered (52 @entity1 , 11% of total), 3) in absence of indications for thromboprophylaxis, @entity1 received some forms of prophylaxis (35 @entity1 , 7.4% of total). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study showed that prophylaxis are not properly utilized and physicians' practices vary considerably among different specialties.

title: Adherence to XXXX Guidelines for Medical and Surgical Inpatients of Teaching Hospitals, Shiraz-Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE', 'venous thromboprophylaxis', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Thromboprophylaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of Cobra perilaryngeal airway (Cobra @entity1989   ) for @entity28 @entity1 under general anesthesia and also to compare the results with those of classic laryngeal mask airway (LMA   ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three overweight and @entity28 @entity1 were included in this study. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to LMA    or Cobra @entity1989    groups. Time required for intubation, successful intubation attempt, airway sealing pressure and incidence of complications including blood staining, sore throat and @entity1282 were assessed and noted. RESULTS: Thirty-six and 37 @entity1 were randomly allocated to LMA    and Cobra @entity1989    groups, respectively. Most @entity1 were males and had Mallampati Class II airway in both groups. The first attempt and overall insertion success for Cobra @entity1989    was significantly higher compared to LMA (P<0.05). Airway insertion was more successful (P = 0.027; 94% vs. 77%) with Cobra @entity1989   . Insertion times were similar with Cobra @entity1989    and LMA    (Cobra @entity1989   , 29.94  16.35s; LMA   , 27.00  7.88s). The oropharyngeal leak pressure in the Cobra @entity1989    group (24.80  0.90 H2O) was significantly higher than that in LMA    group (19  1 @entity4358 , p<0.001). Sore throat was more frequent in the LMA    group although it did not reach statistical significance (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.33). Blood staining on airway tube was seen in both groups with a higher incidence in the Cobra @entity1989    group (Fisher's Exact test, P = 0.02). Incidence of @entity1282 was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: CobraPLA    was found to be safe with low complications. It provided better airway sealing with high rate of the first insertion success for use in @entity28 and overweight @entity1 . This study recommends the use of CobraPLA    as a rescue device in emergency situations for @entity28 and overweight @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of the New Perilaryngeal Airway (CobraPLA   ) Versus the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA   ) to Improve Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure in Obese and Overweight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, various growth factors and cytokines released the a-granules contained in platelets after activation can potentially enhance wound healing by delivering. We report a @entity1 in whom treatment with PRP, prepared using a syringe-centrifugation-system PRP kit (KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit), for a @entity292 following @entity2585 of the lateral malleolus, which could not be healed with conventional wound therapy, led to successful healing. A 58-year-old @entity1 was on dialysis for @entity2175 and @entity177 . In the left lateral malleolus, @entity2585 developed, leading to a refractory @entity292 with a @entity9285 measuring 4 * 3 cm, which persisted for more than 2 months. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared using the KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit (KYOCERA Medical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) and infused into the cavity twice to close it. After this procedure, the cavity size reduced, but the orifice and @entity9285 were not closed. Therefore, additional PRP therapy was conducted after 10 weeks of the first PRP session. Complete closure was achieved 13 weeks after the first PRP therapy. In the present case, PRP was prepared using the KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit, and wound healing of a @entity292 with @entity9285 following @entity2585 of the lateral malleolus was successfully cured. The KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit was useful, because PRP could be prepared simply and inexpensively using the syringe-centrifugation system.

title: Utilization of Platelet-Rich Plasma for a Fistula With Subcutaneous Cavity Following XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous cavity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['bursitis', 'septic bursitis']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['Septic Bursitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in pathological nodal (pN) stage @entity0 @entity1 . Also, to analyse additional clinical and pathologic prognostic factors and the impact of LNR among molecular subtypes. METHODS: Among a total of 3088 @entity1 , 1004 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity0 were analysed. The @entity1 were classified into low ( <=0.20), intermediate (0.20 to 0.65) and high-risk (>0.65) LNR groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model for disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of LNR. RESULTS: The median LNR was 0.17 (range 0.02-1.00). Of the @entity1 , 55.7% were in low, 32.1% in intermediate, and 12.3% in high risk group. When compared with low risk group, high risk group had more often large @entity5 size and high grade @entity5 with @entity3 . The median follow-up period was 46.8 months. The 5-year @entity0 and DFS rates for @entity1 with low, intermediate, and high were 88%-67%, 65%-48% and 53%-24%, respectively (both plog-rank < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, pN stage and LNR were both independent predictors of survival, however, an overlapping between N1 (250 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88.15-413.21 ) and N2 (176 months, 95% CI 129.51-222.93) curves in pN staging was determined. We also observed clear prognostic separation for triple negative @entity0 with LNR survival over pN staging. CONCLUSION: The LNR predicts survival more accurately than pN staging in @entity0 @entity1 . The use of LNR may standardize the staging and guide decisions for adjuvant treatments.

title: The lymph node ratio as an independent prognostic factor for non-metastatic XXXX recurrence and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer-specific OS', 'breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer', 'lymph node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['node-positive breast cancer']


abstract: Local expansion of @entity977 causes nonspecific symptoms, including hormone insufficiency, that may exist for years before diagnosis. Although they are more specific, symptoms of @entity7961 may also remain unrecognized and give rise to difficult diagnostic problems. @entity5 do not elicit specific endocrine symptoms, whether they secrete complete gonadotropins or their biologically inactive free subunits. @entity4089 is not due to @entity5 secretion in the majority of cases, including some with a @entity5 in the pituitary (compressive @entity4089 ). When @entity2012 is suspected, the unequivocal proof of excess @entity2124 secretion is not easy to obtain, due to intermittent @entity2124 secretion, both in normals and in acromegalics. The large variety of tests available for the etiological diagnosis of @entity6392 indicates the diagnostic difficulties that can be encountered. Corticotrope @entity977 may be minute, and ectopic corticotropin secretion may remain occult. But on the other hand, the quality of the diagnostic tools available improves constantly. This includes new hormone measurements, such as @entity442 and its binding proteins, dynamic tests, selective pituitary blood drawing by inferior petrosal sinus catheterism, pituitary nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and @entity1943 -analogue scintiscan. In addition to the improving techniques of transphenoidal neurosurgery and pituitary radiotherapy, medical management of @entity977 remains a distinct possibility. Tumor hormone secretion can be controlled in some cases by drugs such as dopaminergic agents, @entity1943 analogues and @entity1176 analogues, which may also exert an antitumoral mass effect. Within the next few years we will be confronted with an increasing number of incidentally discovered @entity977 , due to the frequent use of high-resolution intracranial imaging.

title: [Endocrinological aspects of hypophyseal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinemia', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Gonadotropic tumors']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors', 'pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hypercorticism']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadoliberin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone oversecretion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Collection devices are still the most common alternative @entity1 use in coping with @entity322 . Encouraging results exist for increasing potential curative effects with electric stimulation, yet many are skeptical and undervalue its positive potential, especially in the United States. In the United Kingdom and Sweden it is considered a low-cost treatment with few side effects. @entity1 can use it for short periods of time in the clinic or at home for long-term or intermittent maintenance therapy. Commercial devices on the market are technically reliable and can be safely and easily used to treat different types of @entity322 . Studies report subjective and objective successful treatment outcomes with a single or a combination of behavioral approaches, primarily pelvic floor exercises, cones, bladder training, biofeedback, and electric stimulation. There definitely is a need to determine the efficacy of electric stimulation with controlled research, each having similar stimulation parameters to compare outcomes. At this time, no one knows precisely what treatment modality a particular @entity1 will best respond to; however, the range of improvement and cure rates are similar for a number of approaches, used singly or in combination. To add electric stimulation to a treatment program can maximize the potential for continence. The nurse's role involves being knowledgeable about the therapeutic use of electric stimulation and being thorough and competent in performing initial and ongoing @entity1 examinations and assessments in collaboration with other health care providers. In planning a treatment program individualized to meet @entity1 needs, the @entity1 ultimately makes the choice after learning about the advantages and disadvantages of each.

title: Electric stimulation: does nursing have a role in the treatment of adult XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: HLA histocompatibility antigens form part of the basis of immune reactions in transplant immunology. However, controversy surrounds their use in renal allograft organ sharing. Selected HLA-related studies in the transplant programmes of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NWMH), Chicago, USA, and the Medical University of Southern Africa (MEDUNSA), Pretoria, are presented. In the Northwestern Memorial Hospital experience with 27 recipients of O-mismatches, 48% were mixed leucocyte culture (MLC) compatible (% relative response < 25). Actuarial graft survival rates at yearly intervals up to 5 years were 100%, 100%, 85%, 75%, 75%, compared with 75%, 65%, 65%, 55% and 55% in compatible and incompatible groups, respectively (Breslow P = 0.05 and Mantel-Cox P = 0.11). @entity1011 values at yearly intervals up to 5 years were significantly better in the MLC-compatible group (Mann-Whitney U-test P < 0.05). In the MEDUNSA experience with 85 black recipients of poorly HLA-matched renal allografts of the same donor race, actuarial graft survival at yearly intervals up to 5 years was 73%, 68%, 61%, 61% and 57%. The commonest @entity2149 antigens at MEDUNSA are @entity58781 , A9, A2, @entity8937 , @entity73203 ; @entity5147 , @entity15746 , @entity47159 , B8; @entity4106 , @entity3049 and @entity4107 (in this order of frequency). The NWMH experience illustrates that HLA-matching improves renal allograft survival in O-mismatches. At MEDUNSA, however, satisfactory results are obtained using kidneys harvested from black donors.

title: XXXX antigens in renal transplantation. A further report on the Northwestern and MEDUNSA experience.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

answer: @entity2149 :: (3105;3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-A, B and DR']


abstract: The ability to express heterologous proteins in K+ uptake-defective strains of @entity375 can be exploited to identify cDNAs encoding heterologous K+ channels. Moreover, the ability of heterologous @entity972 channels like @entity73204 and AKT1 to suppress completely the conditional negative growth phenotype of @entity375 cells containing mutations in @entity73205 or @entity73205 and @entity73206 opens the field of plant K+ channel biology to molecular approaches. Owing to the efficiency of modern techniques in molecular biology structure/function studies of K+ channels involving site-directed mutagenesis suffer, if anything, from the ability to produce more mutations than can be easily analyzed by electrophysiological techniques. The microbial aspects of @entity375 offer the opportunity to greatly increase the efficiency of screening for functionally altered K+ channels. @entity375 cells deleted for both @entity73205 and @entity73206 provide a desirable genetic background for investigating the effects of mutations in K+ channels since they can be assessed over a very broad functional range. For example, since the wild-type @entity73204 K+ channel reduces the @entity972 requirement of @entity73205 delta @entity73206 delta cells from approximately 50 mM to less than 50 microM, the function of mutant channels can be assessed over a 1,000-fold range in concentration of the permeant ion. We have developed this system using a mutagenesis scheme that alters the @entity535 sequence of the presumed pore region of @entity73204 . Regions of three @entity1522 in length can be saturated with substitutions and efficiently screened for function using this system. In addition, by testing the mutants for growth on media containing the appropriate competing ions, an in vivo indication of ion selectivity can be obtained. Saturation mutagenesis of the highly conserved GYG sequence in the channel pore reveals that few structural changes are tolerated if K+ selectivity is to be maintained. On the other hand, many of the mutants allow K+ permeation through the channel.

title: Heterologous expression of K+ channels in XXXX : strategies for molecular analysis of structure and function.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The developmental @entity137 of the anticonvulsant compound, @entity73207 , was investigated in @entity35 administered oral doses of 0, 15, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg/kg on days 6 through 15 of gestation. An untreated control group and a vehicle control group pair-fed to the high dose group were included. Maternal and fetal parameters were evaluated on day 21 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for external, @entity600 and variations. @entity204 occurred at 180 and 240 mg/kg. Dose-dependent decreases in body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Body @entity1017 during treatment was similar in the pair-fed and 240 mg/kg groups. Dose-related CNS signs ( @entity458 , @entity2055 , prostration, and/or @entity410 ) were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Decreased numbers of live fetuses and increased postimplantation loss were observed in a dose-related manner at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg while no changes occurred in pair-fed controls. Fetal body weights and placental weights were decreased in pair-fed controls and in the 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg groups. The percent fetuses per litter, and the percent litters with @entity600 , were significantly increased at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg compared with vehicle and pair-fed controls. Dose-related @entity65 , specifically of the aortic arch (interrupted, stenotic, extra vessel), were apparent at 120 mg/kg and above. The incidence of skeletal variations was increased at 120 mg/kg and above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental XXXX study in @entity35 treated with the anticonvulsant, @entity73207 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactivity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['visceral, and skeletal malformations', 'external/visceral malformations']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity73207 :: ('MESH:C054894', 'Chemical') :: ['ralitoline']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['increases in cardiovascular malformations']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The developmental @entity137 of the anticonvulsant compound, @entity73207 , was investigated in @entity35 administered oral doses of 0, 15, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg/kg on days 6 through 15 of gestation. An untreated control group and a vehicle control group pair-fed to the high dose group were included. Maternal and fetal parameters were evaluated on day 21 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for external, @entity600 and variations. @entity204 occurred at 180 and 240 mg/kg. Dose-dependent decreases in body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Body @entity1017 during treatment was similar in the pair-fed and 240 mg/kg groups. Dose-related CNS signs ( @entity458 , @entity2055 , prostration, and/or @entity410 ) were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Decreased numbers of live fetuses and increased postimplantation loss were observed in a dose-related manner at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg while no changes occurred in pair-fed controls. Fetal body weights and placental weights were decreased in pair-fed controls and in the 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg groups. The percent fetuses per litter, and the percent litters with @entity600 , were significantly increased at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg compared with vehicle and pair-fed controls. Dose-related @entity65 , specifically of the aortic arch (interrupted, stenotic, extra vessel), were apparent at 120 mg/kg and above. The incidence of skeletal variations was increased at 120 mg/kg and above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental @entity137 study in @entity35 treated with the anticonvulsant, XXXX .

answer: @entity73207 :: (MESH:C054894,Chemical) :: ['ralitoline']


abstract: The developmental @entity137 of the anticonvulsant compound, @entity73207 , was investigated in @entity35 administered oral doses of 0, 15, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg/kg on days 6 through 15 of gestation. An untreated control group and a vehicle control group pair-fed to the high dose group were included. Maternal and fetal parameters were evaluated on day 21 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for external, @entity600 and variations. @entity204 occurred at 180 and 240 mg/kg. Dose-dependent decreases in body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Body @entity1017 during treatment was similar in the pair-fed and 240 mg/kg groups. Dose-related CNS signs ( @entity458 , @entity2055 , prostration, and/or @entity410 ) were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Decreased numbers of live fetuses and increased postimplantation loss were observed in a dose-related manner at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg while no changes occurred in pair-fed controls. Fetal body weights and placental weights were decreased in pair-fed controls and in the 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg groups. The percent fetuses per litter, and the percent litters with @entity600 , were significantly increased at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg compared with vehicle and pair-fed controls. Dose-related @entity65 , specifically of the aortic arch (interrupted, stenotic, extra vessel), were apparent at 120 mg/kg and above. The incidence of skeletal variations was increased at 120 mg/kg and above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental @entity137 study in XXXX treated with the anticonvulsant, @entity73207 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The first successful single lung transplantation was carried out in 1983 for @entity3794 . Because of the inherent advantages of single lung transplantation, a transplantation programme has been started for @entity1 with @entity454 due to @entity2415 . METHODS: Between October 1990 and August 1993 25 @entity1 with severe @entity2415 (15 @entity1 , mean age 51 years) received a single lung transplant at our institution. All @entity1 were severely disabled with a mean (SD) 12 minute walking distance of 281 (165) metres. There were five deaths in the series, four in the first 20 days and one on day 503. Two @entity1 suffered graft compression by air trapping in the native lung. Bronchial narrowing requiring insertion of endobronchial stenting occurred in four @entity1 . RESULTS: Mean (SD) FEV1 improved from a preoperative value of 17.8(13%) predicted to a six month value of 53.6(13)%, and FEV1/FVC from 23.8(12)% to 68.6(15)%. After the transplant 12 @entity1 are in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and the rest of the survivors are in NYHA II. Actuarial survival was 82% at one year and 74% at three years. CONCLUSIONS: Single lung transplantation is an effective treatment for @entity454 due to @entity2415 and carries an acceptable mortality and morbidity.

title: Single lung transplantation for end stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage lung disease']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of @entity174 has been a controversial topic and it has recently evolved towards indirect reduction and minimally invasive techniques. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of the surgical treatment of @entity174 with a plate with screws for condylar compression purposes with the minimally invasive stabilization system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity174 treated surgically between January 2007 and December 2009 were assessed retrospectively. The following variables were registered from each @entity1 record: age, sex, type of @entity174 , mechanism of injury, type of implant used, operative time and @entity86 . The Neer scale was used to compare the anatomical, radiologic and functional results of both techniques. RESULTS: The total number of @entity1 was 52; 32 males and 20 females; mean age was 58 years. A plate with screws was used in 31 @entity1 for condylar compression purposes, and a minimally invasive stabilization system in 21. The cases managed with a minimally invasive stabilization system had a shorter operative time and less intraoperative @entity548 . The results of the evaluation using the Neer scale were similar for both modalities. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 with @entity174 of the distal third of the femur managed with a minimally invasive stabilization system had better outcomes, which were not significant in the Neer scale, mainly due to less @entity158 intensity, early mobilization and less functional repercussions.

title: [ XXXX . Comparative analysis of two different surgical treatments].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'distal femur fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Distal femur fractures']


abstract: Existing preclinical and clinical data suggest that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response plays a critical role in the progression of several solid @entity5 . The derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) represents an easily determinable marker of systemic @entity32 and has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker. The present study was performed to validate and further clarify the prognostic relevance of an elevated pre-treatment dNLR in a large cohort of European @entity0 @entity1 . Data from 762 consecutive female @entity0 @entity1 treated from 1999 to 2004 were evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. To evaluate the prognostic relevance, univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed for each endpoint. Applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff level for the dNLR was 3. In univariate analysis, a dNLR >= 3 was associated with poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.73, p   =   0.001) and @entity1349 (HR 1.67, 95  % CI 1.07-2.63, p   =   0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the elevated dNLR and poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.70, 95  % CI 1.09-2.65, p   =   0.018) but did not show a significant association between the dNLR and @entity1349 (HR 1.54, 95  % CI 0.91-2.59, p   =   0.106). The present study shows that the pre-treatment dNLR is an independent prognostic factor that could be useful for future individual risk assessment in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: The elevated preoperative derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Existing preclinical and clinical data suggest that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response plays a critical role in the progression of several solid @entity5 . The derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) represents an easily determinable marker of systemic @entity32 and has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker. The present study was performed to validate and further clarify the prognostic relevance of an elevated pre-treatment dNLR in a large cohort of European @entity0 @entity1 . Data from 762 consecutive female @entity0 @entity1 treated from 1999 to 2004 were evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. To evaluate the prognostic relevance, univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed for each endpoint. Applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff level for the dNLR was 3. In univariate analysis, a dNLR >= 3 was associated with poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.73, p   =   0.001) and @entity1349 (HR 1.67, 95  % CI 1.07-2.63, p   =   0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the elevated dNLR and poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.70, 95  % CI 1.09-2.65, p   =   0.018) but did not show a significant association between the dNLR and @entity1349 (HR 1.54, 95  % CI 0.91-2.59, p   =   0.106). The present study shows that the pre-treatment dNLR is an independent prognostic factor that could be useful for future individual risk assessment in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: The elevated preoperative derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Tadpoles inhabit generally well oxygenated rivers and streams, nevertheless they were found in areas with limited @entity26 availability inside the rivers. To assess this feature, I examined factors that influence centrolenid tadpole behaviour using Cochranella granulosa. The tadpoles were reared in well-oxygenated and @entity519 environments and their development, survivorship and growth were compared. The tadpoles in oxygenated water acquired a pale color, while tadpoles in @entity519 water grew faster and were bright red and more active. In the oxygenated water, the @entity3104 , which had its origin in the tadpoles' urine and feces, was oxidized to @entity1507 . In contrast, in the @entity519 treatment, the @entity1568 compounds remained mainly as @entity3104 . Presumably, the @entity1507 in oxygenated water was secondarily reduced to @entity3542 inside the long intestine coils, because all symptoms in the tadpoles point to @entity12757 , which can occur when the @entity3542 passes through the intestine wall into the bloodstream, transforming the hemoglobin into @entity3961 . This could be checked by a blood test where the percentage of @entity3961 was 2.3% in the blood of tadpoles reared in @entity519 , while there was a 19.3% level of @entity3961 in the blood of tadpoles reared in oxygenated water. Together with the elevated content of @entity3961 , the growth of the tadpoles was delayed in oxygenated water, which had high @entity1507 content. The study about quantitative food-uptake showed that the tadpoles benefit more from the food in @entity519 water, although they spent there more energy moving around than the tadpoles living in oxygenated but @entity1507 -charged water.

title: Cyanosis by XXXX in tadpoles of Cochranella granulosa (Anura: Centrolenidae).

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic condition', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity12757 :: ('MESH:D008708', 'Disease') :: ['methemoglobinemia']

answer: @entity12757 :: (MESH:D008708,Disease) :: ['methemoglobinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: In an effort to reduce relapse in the liver and improve survival in @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity420 of the pancreatic head, we combined whole-liver irradiation with our standard preoperative chemoradiation regimen. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eleven @entity1 with biopsy-proven, potentially resectable @entity420 of the pancreatic head were treated with 50.4 Gy of external beam irradiation to the pancreas (1.8 Gy/day, 5 days/week) and concurrent continuous infusion @entity1487 (300 mg/m2 per day). The liver was treated with 23.4 Gy on Days 8 through 21 (13 fractions; 1.8 Gy/fraction). @entity1 , who upon restaging with radiography and computed tomography were considered to have resectable @entity5 , were subsequently taken to surgery. If, at surgery, @entity5 were resectable, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed, and 10 Gy of intraoperative electron-beam radiation therapy was delivered to the bed of the resected pancreas. RESULTS: All 11 @entity1 completed chemoradiation. Two treatment-related @entity204 occurred following chemoradiation, prompting premature termination of the study. Of seven @entity1 taken to surgery, four underwent resection. Seven @entity1 have died of disease, five with liver @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic hepatic chemoradiation, as given in this study, was associated with two treatment-related @entity204 and a higher than expected incidence of subsequent liver @entity3 . Our data do not support the use of this treatment program in @entity1 with @entity420 .

title: Preoperative chemoradiation for XXXX : excessive toxicity of prophylactic hepatic irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 is a chronic @entity209 which is a serious global problem. In 2010 an estimated 285 million @entity1 had @entity6 and within the next 20  years this value is expected to almost double. Many antidiabetic therapies focus on improving @entity2690 sensitivity, increasing @entity2690 production, and/or decreasing the level of blood @entity413 . Although a number of synthetic medicines are available, drugs of natural origin have aroused great interest. @entity10114 seem to demonstrate adequate properties. Many experiments have shown that these compounds have several antidiabetic mechanisms. They can inhibit enzymes involved in @entity413 metabolism, prevent the development of @entity2690 resistance and normalize plasma @entity413 and @entity2690 levels. These natural compounds, in contrast to synthetic drugs, apart from producing a hypoglycemic effect have also been found to manifest hypolipidemic and anti- @entity28 activity. @entity10114 are also promising agents in the prevention of @entity6 complications. They have strong antioxidant activity and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products, implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 , @entity2241 , @entity16 or @entity73 . Until now very few clinical studies have been concerned with the application of @entity10114 in treating @entity6 . However, due to their great therapeutic potential, these compounds deserve special attention.

title: The role of @entity10114 in the management of XXXX and its complications.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10114 :: ('MESH:D014315', 'Chemical') :: ['Triterpenes', 'triterpenes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['embryopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 is a chronic @entity209 which is a serious global problem. In 2010 an estimated 285 million @entity1 had @entity6 and within the next 20  years this value is expected to almost double. Many antidiabetic therapies focus on improving @entity2690 sensitivity, increasing @entity2690 production, and/or decreasing the level of blood @entity413 . Although a number of synthetic medicines are available, drugs of natural origin have aroused great interest. @entity10114 seem to demonstrate adequate properties. Many experiments have shown that these compounds have several antidiabetic mechanisms. They can inhibit enzymes involved in @entity413 metabolism, prevent the development of @entity2690 resistance and normalize plasma @entity413 and @entity2690 levels. These natural compounds, in contrast to synthetic drugs, apart from producing a hypoglycemic effect have also been found to manifest hypolipidemic and anti- @entity28 activity. @entity10114 are also promising agents in the prevention of @entity6 complications. They have strong antioxidant activity and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products, implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 , @entity2241 , @entity16 or @entity73 . Until now very few clinical studies have been concerned with the application of @entity10114 in treating @entity6 . However, due to their great therapeutic potential, these compounds deserve special attention.

title: The role of XXXX in the management of @entity6 and its complications.

answer: @entity10114 :: (MESH:D014315,Chemical) :: ['triterpenes']


abstract: A 85-year-old @entity1 consulted our clinic due to asymptomatic macrohematuria on January 6, 1987. In the cystoscopic examination, solitary and pedunculated @entity150 was revealed. This @entity5 was located on the retrotrigonal region near the right ureteral orifice. On January 20, transurethral resection of @entity150 was planned but the base of the @entity5 was stony hard, so complete resection was not performed. On February 10, transurethral resection of bladder was performed repeatedly. At that time, the cystoscopic finding showed that the @entity5 size had increased and transurethral bladder ultrasonography showed invasion into the deep muscular layer. On February 17, total cystectomy and ileal conduit was done. Histological examination revealed poorly differentiated TCC with @entity79 . This @entity1 was discharged in good condition on March 27. Heterotopic bone formation in the @entity150 is rare. Ten cases were collected from the literature. We report a case of heterotopic bone formation and discuss the mechanism of the etiology.

title: [A case of transitional cell XXXX with heterotopic bone formation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid, bone and cartilage']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: In this study, the influence of surface morphology and wettability of both degradable and nondegradable polymer films on the inflammatory response after subcutaneous implantation in the @entity35 was investigated. Degradable non-porous, porous, and "combi" (porous with a nonporous layer on one side) @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) films and nondegradable @entity736 ( @entity736 ) and (porous) expanded @entity736 (e- @entity736 ) were used. Contact angles measurements indicate that @entity15274 is more hydrophillic than @entity736 . Assessment of the inflammatory response was performed after various periods of implantation (up till 180 days), with both conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The inflammatory response observed initially can largely be considered as part of the wound healing reaction, and up till day 40 the inflammatory response against @entity15274 was minimally more intense than against @entity736 (porous as well as nonporous). From day 40 on, the @entity15274 films provoke a more intense inflammatory response as compared to the @entity736 films. Both porous @entity15274 and the porous side of the "combi" @entity15274 film provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nonporous @entity15274 and the nonporous side of the "combi" @entity15274 film, respectively. In general, @entity736 and e- @entity736 films provoke an inflammatory response which is minimally more intense than the one provoked by the sham operation. Almost no ingrowth of tissue was observed in the porous e- @entity736 films. In contrast, there was abundant tissue ingrowth in and an inflammatory response against porous @entity15274 . It can be concluded that biodegradable @entity15274 films provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nondegradable @entity736 films. Also, porosity enhances the inflammatory response. However, porosity enhances the inflammatory response only when the wettability of a biomaterial permits cellular ingrowth.

title: The influence of surface morphology and wettability on the inflammatory response against XXXX : a semi-quantitative study with monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(L-lactic acid)']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly(L-lactic acid)']


abstract: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a new approach to thymectomy. From June 1993 to December 1994, we performed a total of eight thymectomies for @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). There were four male and four female @entity1 with ages ranging from 9 to 76 years. Three of the eight @entity1 had associated @entity704 . We believe that complete thymectomy was accomplished in all cases by examination of the thymic bed and resected specimen. There was no mortality or intraoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (range, 2 to 37 days). One @entity1 required ventilatory support postoperatively. Clinical improvement was observed in all @entity1 after a mean follow-up of 10 months (range, 2 to 21 months). Compared with a comparable historical group of @entity1 with @entity1737 who underwent transsternal thymectomy, the VATS group was associated with significantly less analgesic requirement and shortened hospital stay. We conclude that VAT thymectomy is technically feasible and is associated with a favorable postoperative course compared with the transsternal approach. We believe that complete thymectomy can be achieved by this approach. Further investigation with long-term follow-up is needed to further clarify the role of VAT thymectomy in thoracic surgery.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: Between January 1991 and February 1993, 14 @entity1 (3 female, 11 male) aged between 21 and 79 years (mean 50 years) underwent reconstruction of the thoracic (n = 7) and thoracoabdominal aorta (n = 7). Four @entity1 had previously undergone operation of the ascending aorta, in 3 @entity1 coronary artery by pass grafting was performed before. All @entity1 were operated using cardiopulmonary bypass with continuous blood cardioplegia, hypothermic @entity1167 (11 degrees C nasopharyngeal temperature, 0-EEG) and posterolateral exposure. All patent lower intercostal and lumbar arteries (Th3-L5) were reimplanted. The 30-day mortality after repair of the thoracic aorta was 0, after replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta 28.5% (n = 2). One @entity1 died 70 days after replacement of the thoracic aorta as a consequence of a perioperative @entity64 . None of the surviving 11 @entity1 developed a permanent @entity51 , @entity299 . The average intensive care stay was 6 days for @entity1 after replacement of the thoracic and 18 days for @entity1 after replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Our results indicate the method of elective @entity2332 and @entity1167 effective in spinal cord protection. The increase in the tolerable duration of @entity2759 supports the reimplantation of all intercostal and lumbar vessels.

title: [Surgery of thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aneurysms using deep XXXX and cardiovascular arrest with continuous administration of blood cardioplegia].

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['renal or cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: Intraluminal pancreatic enzymes influence intestinal function, adaptation, and susceptibility to injury. These effects may be mediated partly through changes in the rate of epithelial cell turnover. We assessed intestinal morphology and cytokinetics in a @entity35 model of exocrine @entity3210 that does not alter anatomic relationships or animal growth. @entity788 was performed by applying metal clips on both sides along the common bile duct. Control animals underwent sham-operation with exposure and manipulation of the @entity788 without duct occlusion. Twelve days later, pulse labeling with tritiated @entity1014 was performed, and @entity1167 was induced with colcemid. Groups of animals were sacrificed at 0 and 2 hr after colcemid injection. Specimens for histopathology, morphometry, and autoradiography were obtained from duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, and ileum. Labeling index, grain counts, mitoses per crypt, cells per crypt, cells per villus, crypt depth, villus height, and number of goblet cells per villus were used as end points. @entity788 resulted in increased labeling index across intestinal segments relative to sham-operated controls (P < 0.01) and increased labeling index and mitotic rate in distal compared to proximal intestine (P < 0.05). Grain-count histograms were similar in the two experimental groups. There were no significant morphologic differences between pancreatic duct-occluded animals and controls. Exocrine @entity3210 increases crypt cell proliferation in distal small intestine but does not alter the duration of S phase. These changes are most likely due to an increase in the size of the proliferative compartment and may be partly responsible for changes in small bowel function and response to injury.

title: Intestinal morphology and cytokinetics in XXXX . An experimental study in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas', 'Pancreatic duct occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest']

answer: @entity3210 :: (MESH:D010188,Disease) :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']


abstract: Intraluminal pancreatic enzymes influence intestinal function, adaptation, and susceptibility to injury. These effects may be mediated partly through changes in the rate of epithelial cell turnover. We assessed intestinal morphology and cytokinetics in a @entity35 model of exocrine @entity3210 that does not alter anatomic relationships or animal growth. @entity788 was performed by applying metal clips on both sides along the common bile duct. Control animals underwent sham-operation with exposure and manipulation of the @entity788 without duct occlusion. Twelve days later, pulse labeling with tritiated @entity1014 was performed, and @entity1167 was induced with colcemid. Groups of animals were sacrificed at 0 and 2 hr after colcemid injection. Specimens for histopathology, morphometry, and autoradiography were obtained from duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, and ileum. Labeling index, grain counts, mitoses per crypt, cells per crypt, cells per villus, crypt depth, villus height, and number of goblet cells per villus were used as end points. @entity788 resulted in increased labeling index across intestinal segments relative to sham-operated controls (P < 0.01) and increased labeling index and mitotic rate in distal compared to proximal intestine (P < 0.05). Grain-count histograms were similar in the two experimental groups. There were no significant morphologic differences between pancreatic duct-occluded animals and controls. Exocrine @entity3210 increases crypt cell proliferation in distal small intestine but does not alter the duration of S phase. These changes are most likely due to an increase in the size of the proliferative compartment and may be partly responsible for changes in small bowel function and response to injury.

title: Intestinal morphology and cytokinetics in @entity3210 . An experimental study in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Clinical staging does not define the true extent of disease in approximately one-third of the @entity1 with early cervical @entity5 . Unless clear nodular @entity5 extension into the parametria is palpable a @entity1 should be considered for surgical therapy. This involves a thorough staging laparotomy, including the exploration of the pelvic retroperitoneal spaces and para-aortic node dissection. If the disease appears to be confined to the cervix a radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy is performed. If gross @entity5 invasion into the parametria, the bladder, or rectum muscularis is documented, the @entity1 is treated with pelvic radiation. If microscopic distant metastases to the para-aortic nodes are found, extended field radiation and possible chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. Survival is determined mostly by the extent of disease at the time of treatment. Therapy has to encompass the whole region affected by disease in order to provide the @entity1 with a chance of cure. For disease beyond the cervix, regional radiation makes more sense. Just as in the study published by Zander's group (Zander et al, 1980), we add radiation if microscopic disease beyond the cervix is found after a radical hysterectomy. However, additional radiation adds morbidity, length of therapy, and cost. Unless there is clear proof that adequate primary radiation is inferior to surgery and postoperative radiation we recommend radiation for @entity5 with proven Stages IIb and above. The benefit of systemic chemotherapy as an alternative to postoperative radiation needs to be evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Staging laparotomy and radical hysterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer of the cervix', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the cervix']


abstract: MG-63 @entity1 @entity421 cells were selected for attachment and growth in increasing concentrations of a synthetic peptide containing the cell attachment-promoting @entity11599 (RGD) sequence derived from the cell-binding region of fibronectin. Cells capable of attachment and growth in 5 mM concentrations of a peptide having the sequence @entity41907 overproduce the cell surface receptor for fibronectin. No increase in fibronectin receptor gene copy number was detected by Southern blot analysis. The peptide-resistant MG-63.3A cells look very different from the MG-63 cells and resemble osteocytes. The resistant cells also grow more slowly than MG-63 cells. The enhanced expression of the fibronectin receptor on the resistant cells indicates that cells can regulate the amount of this receptor on their surface in response to environmental factors and that this may affect the phenotypic properties of the cell. MG-63.3A cells differ from MG-63 cells in their ability to form a calcified matrix in vitro and in their increased synthesis of type I collagen. The MG-63.3A cells synthesize 50-100-fold less @entity1421 , a mediator of bone resorption, than MG-63 cells. There is an overall down-regulation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in MG-63.3A cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that such proteoglycans interfere with @entity78 deposition and with the observation that @entity13488 is increased in a wide variety of @entity5 but is absent or in small amounts in normal tissue. We conclude that MG-63.3A cells represent a more differentiated cell type with osteoblast-like properties.

title: An adhesion variant of the MG-63 XXXX cell line displays an osteoblast-like phenotype.

entities_list: @entity41907 :: ('MESH:C058161', 'Chemical') :: ['Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity13488 :: ('CHEBI:37397', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulphate']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to recurrently follow quality of life in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 who have switched from syringe to multiple @entity8907 injection treatment. The insulin @entity8907 is a simpler automatically preset device for self-injection. Seventy-three consecutive outpatients were initially examined in 1988, 66 of whom were re-examined in 1990. Quality of life was defined as perceived well-being and life satisfaction, globally as well as within key domains and functions. Various status and retrospective change ratings were repeatedly performed by @entity1 and significant others. For a great majority, quality of life status was fairly stable between 1988 and 1990. Nine subjects with recent incidences of severe socio-medical complications accounted for a great deal (41%) of the decline in composite quality of life status recorded. Future-orientation and the conduct of the multiple regimen declined in the major fairly stable @entity1 group as well. Contrary to the change-in-status outcome referred to, the direct retrospective change ratings in 1990 indicated a certain continuing consistent improvement over the last 2 years. It was minor, though, in comparison with the preceding enhancement attributed to the @entity8907 . In spite of the divergent mean outcome, the disparate change parameters correlated. The self-rated life quality trends were corroborated by ratings by significant others. To a certain extent, the mean change bias may reflect coping strategies released by and adopted against the strain of the illness. Probably, these primarily coloured the more sensitive direct retrospective change ratings. Some bias may also be due to a lack of sensitivity of the status ratings. However, the differential change assessments may also tease out and illustrate two separate, equally valid, @entity1 perspectives, one on their current situation and another one on how it has changed. The @entity6 appears reasonably stable in a majority of the subjects over the study interval. There seem to be some remaining satisfactory quality of life effects of the @entity8907 therapy. The study underscores the benefit of undertaking combined retro-/prospective and sufficiently longitudinal analyses with simultaneous dual rating operations, to get the most nuanced overview.

title: Change in quality of life along with type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes illness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine the possible significance of a therapeutic dose (0.2 mg) of @entity48103 on @entity1735 absorption by measuring the breath @entity3884 concentration, which is an index of the amount of unabsorbed @entity1735 in the large intestine. Post-prandial @entity4854 is common among @entity6 @entity1 . @entity48103 , a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressed post-prandial @entity4854 and @entity3190 in healthy volunteers at a dose of 0.2 mg with each meal. These volunteers increased the breath @entity3884 concentration in response to ingestion of non-absorbable @entity11884 , but decreased only slightly its concentration from the basal level after @entity969 ingestion, indicating complete absorption. When @entity48103 (0.2 mg) was given with @entity969 , @entity3884 production increased only slightly compared with placebo, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of @entity48103 on @entity969 absorption was minimal. Only 5 g of the 100 g of @entity969 was not absorbed and this 5% reduction is too small to explain the observed inhibitory effect on the post-prandial rise in plasma @entity413 . @entity969 loading in @entity35 (about 443 mg) sharply increased blood @entity413 and was accompanied by the rapid disappearance of @entity969 from the upper small intestine. @entity48103 (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg) lessened the elevation of blood @entity413 after @entity969 ingestion. The lower dose (0.03 mg/kg) retarded small intestinal absorption, but did not induce an influx of @entity969 into the cecum and large intestine, while the higher dose (0.1 mg/kg) caused an increased influx of @entity969 into the large bowel. These results indicated that @entity48103 retards the absorption of @entity1735 and reduces post-prandial @entity4854 .

title: An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, @entity48103 , retards @entity1735 absorption in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['Sucrose', 'sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine the possible significance of a therapeutic dose (0.2 mg) of @entity48103 on @entity1735 absorption by measuring the breath @entity3884 concentration, which is an index of the amount of unabsorbed @entity1735 in the large intestine. Post-prandial @entity4854 is common among @entity6 @entity1 . @entity48103 , a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressed post-prandial @entity4854 and @entity3190 in healthy volunteers at a dose of 0.2 mg with each meal. These volunteers increased the breath @entity3884 concentration in response to ingestion of non-absorbable @entity11884 , but decreased only slightly its concentration from the basal level after @entity969 ingestion, indicating complete absorption. When @entity48103 (0.2 mg) was given with @entity969 , @entity3884 production increased only slightly compared with placebo, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of @entity48103 on @entity969 absorption was minimal. Only 5 g of the 100 g of @entity969 was not absorbed and this 5% reduction is too small to explain the observed inhibitory effect on the post-prandial rise in plasma @entity413 . @entity969 loading in @entity35 (about 443 mg) sharply increased blood @entity413 and was accompanied by the rapid disappearance of @entity969 from the upper small intestine. @entity48103 (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg) lessened the elevation of blood @entity413 after @entity969 ingestion. The lower dose (0.03 mg/kg) retarded small intestinal absorption, but did not induce an influx of @entity969 into the cecum and large intestine, while the higher dose (0.1 mg/kg) caused an increased influx of @entity969 into the large bowel. These results indicated that @entity48103 retards the absorption of @entity1735 and reduces post-prandial @entity4854 .

title: An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, XXXX , retards @entity1735 absorption in @entity35 and @entity1 .

answer: @entity48103 :: (MESH:C054577,Chemical) :: ['AO-128']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine the possible significance of a therapeutic dose (0.2 mg) of @entity48103 on @entity1735 absorption by measuring the breath @entity3884 concentration, which is an index of the amount of unabsorbed @entity1735 in the large intestine. Post-prandial @entity4854 is common among @entity6 @entity1 . @entity48103 , a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressed post-prandial @entity4854 and @entity3190 in healthy volunteers at a dose of 0.2 mg with each meal. These volunteers increased the breath @entity3884 concentration in response to ingestion of non-absorbable @entity11884 , but decreased only slightly its concentration from the basal level after @entity969 ingestion, indicating complete absorption. When @entity48103 (0.2 mg) was given with @entity969 , @entity3884 production increased only slightly compared with placebo, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of @entity48103 on @entity969 absorption was minimal. Only 5 g of the 100 g of @entity969 was not absorbed and this 5% reduction is too small to explain the observed inhibitory effect on the post-prandial rise in plasma @entity413 . @entity969 loading in @entity35 (about 443 mg) sharply increased blood @entity413 and was accompanied by the rapid disappearance of @entity969 from the upper small intestine. @entity48103 (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg) lessened the elevation of blood @entity413 after @entity969 ingestion. The lower dose (0.03 mg/kg) retarded small intestinal absorption, but did not induce an influx of @entity969 into the cecum and large intestine, while the higher dose (0.1 mg/kg) caused an increased influx of @entity969 into the large bowel. These results indicated that @entity48103 retards the absorption of @entity1735 and reduces post-prandial @entity4854 .

title: An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, @entity48103 , retards XXXX absorption in @entity35 and @entity1 .

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine the possible significance of a therapeutic dose (0.2 mg) of @entity48103 on @entity1735 absorption by measuring the breath @entity3884 concentration, which is an index of the amount of unabsorbed @entity1735 in the large intestine. Post-prandial @entity4854 is common among @entity6 @entity1 . @entity48103 , a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressed post-prandial @entity4854 and @entity3190 in healthy volunteers at a dose of 0.2 mg with each meal. These volunteers increased the breath @entity3884 concentration in response to ingestion of non-absorbable @entity11884 , but decreased only slightly its concentration from the basal level after @entity969 ingestion, indicating complete absorption. When @entity48103 (0.2 mg) was given with @entity969 , @entity3884 production increased only slightly compared with placebo, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of @entity48103 on @entity969 absorption was minimal. Only 5 g of the 100 g of @entity969 was not absorbed and this 5% reduction is too small to explain the observed inhibitory effect on the post-prandial rise in plasma @entity413 . @entity969 loading in @entity35 (about 443 mg) sharply increased blood @entity413 and was accompanied by the rapid disappearance of @entity969 from the upper small intestine. @entity48103 (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg) lessened the elevation of blood @entity413 after @entity969 ingestion. The lower dose (0.03 mg/kg) retarded small intestinal absorption, but did not induce an influx of @entity969 into the cecum and large intestine, while the higher dose (0.1 mg/kg) caused an increased influx of @entity969 into the large bowel. These results indicated that @entity48103 retards the absorption of @entity1735 and reduces post-prandial @entity4854 .

title: An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, @entity48103 , retards @entity1735 absorption in @entity35 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: CASE 1: A few days after returning from a holiday in Italy a 50-year-old @entity1 developed @entity344 , followed by @entity10 , @entity158 . After transitory remission he had a relapse with @entity221 , @entity10 and @entity693 2 weeks later. Cerebrospinal fluid contained gram-negative diplococci, but no bacteria grew on culture. Under the suspected diagnosis of @entity693 he was treated with @entity114 . Ten days later he suddenly developed @entity2319 in his right ear. The various signs and symptoms gradually disappeared and the @entity1 was discharged after 24 days in hospital. Retrospectively serological tests indicated @entity18016 with serotype Toscana. This is thought to be the first reported case of @entity2319 associated with this disease. CASE 2: One week after returning from a holiday in Tunisia a 34-year-old @entity1 fell ill with @entity221 , @entity10 , @entity5084 , @entity390 , joint @entity158 and a maculopapular @entity1910 for which he was treated as an outpatient. The symptoms improved after 7 days, except for the @entity10 which persisted another 5 days. Serology demonstrated an @entity697 by SF virus, serotype Sicilian. CONCLUSION: Sandfly @entity221 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity10 , @entity221 and signs of @entity693 in @entity1 who have recently been to mediterranean countries.

title: [Neurological symptoms after an XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['fever and joint pains', 'pains']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity18016 :: ('MESH:D010217', 'Disease') :: ['sandfly fever (SF) virus infection']

answer: @entity18016 :: (MESH:D010217,Disease) :: ['infection by the sandfly fever virus']