abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between long-term high-salt hot diet and chronic @entity4726 (CAG). The expression of apoptosis cells, proliferation cells, @entity588 and Fas proteins were detected in the @entity356 of CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water. METHODS: TUNEL technique and immunohistochemical method were used in the experiment. Flow cytometry method was used to detect the DNA content of apoptosis cells. RESULTS: (1) The detection of apoptosis with TUNEL showed that the apoptosis cells in CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water were high. These cells could be seen in all layers of @entity356 , apoptosis index of model rates was higher than that of normal rates (P < 0.05). (2) The result of detecting apoptosis gene and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) by immunohistochemical method showed that the expression of @entity588 , Fas and @entity1364 in the CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water was much higher than that of normal @entity356 (P < 0.05). The expression rates of @entity588 , Fas proteins were higher with time going on. After being given high-salt hot water intragastrically for 4, 8, 12 weeks, the @entity588 protein expression rates were 12.5%, 16.7%, 76.5%, the Fas protein expression rates were 18.7%, 22.2% and 64.7%. (3) Flow cytometry technique showed that there was a second G(0)/G(1) peek, which was apoptosis cells peak, but was not seen in the normal @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Abnormality of proliferation and apoptosis in @entity356 could be induced by high-salt hot water. @entity588 , Fas gene played an important role in this course.

title: [Experimental study of apoptosis and proliferation of @entity356 in chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity4726 :: (MESH:D005757,Disease) :: ['atrophic gastritis']


abstract: @entity5 chemotherapy for @entity356 was reviewed with special emphasis on histologic findings and survival. Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous, split administration of @entity1139 40 mg caused considerable damage to "micro-solitary metastatic foci" in metastatic lymph nodes. In view of the lipid-adsorbing ability of the lymphatic stream, emulsified @entity1487 was used orally in 182 @entity1 with @entity356 ; histologic findings revealed that the emulsified @entity1487 enhanced the antitumor efficacy for metastatic lymph nodes as well as the @entity75 . However, the 5-year survival rate for @entity356 @entity1 undergoing preoperative emulsified @entity1487 therapy did not differ from the control, with only the exception of @entity1 with @entity5 . On the other hand, combined therapy involving preoperative intra-arterial infusion and surgery was carried out in 62 @entity1 with @entity356 . These preoperative treatments using @entity1139 , @entity1487 , VLB, @entity1500 and/or @entity2592 entailed continuous infusion for 15 to 20 hours; the histologic changes observed revealed marked antitumor effects on the primary focus as well as metastatic lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate for the 62 @entity1 was compared with that for 99 @entity1 with @entity356 in the corresponding period. The survival rate was analyzed based on the degree of serosal invasion. The overall survivals in the 62 @entity1 were higher than those in the controls for the first 3 years. At 4 to 5 years, the survival rates for both the treated and control groups were approximately equal. In @entity1 without serosal invasion, the survival rates were higher in treated cases than in the controls for the first 2 years. Thirty-nine @entity1 with serosal invasion had significantly higher survival rates than the controls for the first 3 years. The survival rates for the treated @entity1 with cancerous infiltration of ther organs were about the same as those for the corresponding control @entity1 .

title: [ @entity5 chemotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III gastric cancer', 'Preoperative cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity5 chemotherapy for @entity356 was reviewed with special emphasis on histologic findings and survival. Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous, split administration of @entity1139 40 mg caused considerable damage to "micro-solitary metastatic foci" in metastatic lymph nodes. In view of the lipid-adsorbing ability of the lymphatic stream, emulsified @entity1487 was used orally in 182 @entity1 with @entity356 ; histologic findings revealed that the emulsified @entity1487 enhanced the antitumor efficacy for metastatic lymph nodes as well as the @entity75 . However, the 5-year survival rate for @entity356 @entity1 undergoing preoperative emulsified @entity1487 therapy did not differ from the control, with only the exception of @entity1 with @entity5 . On the other hand, combined therapy involving preoperative intra-arterial infusion and surgery was carried out in 62 @entity1 with @entity356 . These preoperative treatments using @entity1139 , @entity1487 , VLB, @entity1500 and/or @entity2592 entailed continuous infusion for 15 to 20 hours; the histologic changes observed revealed marked antitumor effects on the primary focus as well as metastatic lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate for the 62 @entity1 was compared with that for 99 @entity1 with @entity356 in the corresponding period. The survival rate was analyzed based on the degree of serosal invasion. The overall survivals in the 62 @entity1 were higher than those in the controls for the first 3 years. At 4 to 5 years, the survival rates for both the treated and control groups were approximately equal. In @entity1 without serosal invasion, the survival rates were higher in treated cases than in the controls for the first 2 years. Thirty-nine @entity1 with serosal invasion had significantly higher survival rates than the controls for the first 3 years. The survival rates for the treated @entity1 with cancerous infiltration of ther organs were about the same as those for the corresponding control @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX chemotherapy for @entity356 ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Preoperative cancer']


abstract: A sensitive radioimmunoassay for cardiac myosin light chain II (LCII) was developed, and changes of serum LCII levels were studied in experimental @entity583 in @entity235 . This radioimmunoassay employed an antiserum which was prepared in @entity95 against @entity235 LCII. In our assay, 0.2-5.0 ng of LCII were effectively measurable. In normal @entity235 , LCII concentration in serum was less than 20 ng/ml. The serum LCII level began to rise within 6 hr after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, reaching maximum level at 3-5 days (40-320 ng/ml). In eight out of ten cases with @entity1563 , LCII could be detected as long as 7 days after operation. In one sham-operated @entity235 , LCII was detected at 2 and 3 days, but its concentrations were less than 30 ng/ml. When LCII was injected intravenously, it dissipated from the blood stream within 48 hr. The time course curves of serum LCII level had two characteristics that had not been observed in serum enzyme studies: 1) LCII level rose rapidly and stayed up during a long period after @entity1563 , and 2) changes of serum LCII levels were biphasic in six out of ten @entity235 with @entity1563 . These results, and our previous studies of synthesis rate of light chains, suggest that when a coronary artery is occluded LCII may first be released from a pool of uncombined LCII in myocardial cells, and then continuously liberated from cardiac myosin molecules. This radioimmunoassay can be expected to be useful when applied to clinical use.

title: Radioimmunoassay of cardiac myosin light chain II in the serum following experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIM: To analyze worker burnout and the prevalence of @entity146 among primary care physicians, and to determine how burnout is related with sociodemographic and work-related factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING: Primary care centers in Area 8, Madrid (central Spain).Subjects. All 244 physicians (family medicine and pediatrics) who provided care at centers in Area 8 at the time of the study.Method. Anonymous, self-administered questionnaire that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (worker burnout); GHQ-28 (possible @entity1032 ); survey of sociodemographic and work-related factors, unhealthy behaviors, use of medications, and perceived quality of care and risk of medical errors in relation with work-related pressures; open question regarding causes of work-related stress. RESULTS: Response rate, 80.3%. Burnout was detected in 69.2% of the physicians (95% CI, 62.1%-75.4%) and was severe in 12.3%. The prevalence of possible @entity146 was 36.7%. Burnout was found to be related with possible @entity146 (P<.01); perception that work-related pressures frequently led to diminished quality of care and medical errors (P<.o1); permanent employment status (P<.05); more than 1700 @entity1 on the @entity1 list (P<.05); age between 37 and 46 years (P<.01) and @entity1 load of 35 to 47 @entity1 /day (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of worker burnout and possible @entity146 was high, and the two variables were related. A large percentage of @entity1 perceived that work-related pressures diminished the quality of care provided.

title: [Prevalence of worker burnout and XXXX in primary care physicians in a health care area in Madrid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric illness']


abstract: At the border of the neural plate, the induction of the neural crest can be achieved by interactions with the epidermis, or with the underlying mesoderm. Wnt signals are required for the inducing activity of the epidermis in @entity1573 and amphibian embryos. Here, we analyze the molecular mechanisms of neural crest induction by the mesoderm in @entity1238 embryos. Using a recombination assay, we show that prospective paraxial mesoderm induces a panel of neural crest markers ( @entity62828 , FoxD3, @entity72898 and @entity66022 ), whereas the future axial mesoderm only induces a subset of these genes. This induction is blocked by a dominant negative (dn) form of @entity53945 . However, neither dnFGFR4a nor inhibition of Wnt signaling prevents neural crest induction in this system. Among the FGFs, @entity72899 is strongly expressed by the paraxial mesoderm. @entity72899 is sufficient to induce the neural crest markers FoxD3, @entity66022 and @entity72898 transiently in the animal cap assay. In vivo, @entity72899 injections also expand the @entity62828 expression domain. This suggests that @entity72899 can initiate neural crest formation and cooperates with other DLMZ-derived factors to maintain and complete neural crest induction. In contrast to Wnts, @entity29293 or @entity29291 , @entity72899 elicits neural crest induction in the absence of mesoderm induction and without a requirement for BMP antagonists. In vivo, it is difficult to dissociate the roles of FGF and WNT factors in mesoderm induction and neural patterning. We show that, in most cases, effects on neural crest formation were parallel to altered mesoderm or neural development. However, @entity1274 patterning can be dissociated experimentally using different dominant-negative manipulations: while Nfz8 blocks both posterior neural plate formation and neural crest formation, dnFGFR4a blocks neural patterning without blocking neural crest formation. These results suggest that different signal transduction mechanisms may be used in neural crest induction, and anteroposterior neural patterning.

title: Neural crest induction by paraxial mesoderm in XXXX embryos requires FGF signals.

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural and neural crest']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of international research on suicide by @entity1445 as a preventable suicide method. Sex- and age-specific rates of suicide by drug self-poisoning (ICD-10, X60-64) and the distribution of drug types used in 16 European countries were studied, and compared with other self-poisoning methods (X65-69) and intentional self-injury (X70-84). METHODS: Data for 2000-04/05 were collected from national statistical offices. Age-adjusted suicide rates, and age and sex distributions, were calculated. RESULTS: No pronounced sex differences in drug self-poisoning rates were found, either in the aggregate data (males 1.6 and females 1.5 per 100,000) or within individual countries. Among the 16 countries, the range (from some 0.3 in Portugal to 5.0 in Finland) was wide. 'Other and unspecified drugs' (X64) were recorded most frequently, with a range of 0.2-1.9, and accounted for more than 70% of @entity204 by @entity1445 in France, Luxembourg, Portugal and Spain. Psychotropic drugs (X61) ranked second. The X63 category ('other drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system') was least frequently used. Finland showed low X64 and high X61 figures, Scotland had high levels of X62 ('narcotics and hallucinogens, not elsewhere classified') for both sexes, while England exceeded other countries in category X60. Risk was highest among the middle-aged everywhere except in Switzerland, where the elderly were most at risk. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide by @entity1445 is preventable. Intentional self-poisoning with drugs kills as many males as females. The considerable differences in patterns of self-poisoning found in the various European countries are relevant to national efforts to improve diagnostics of suicide and appropriate specific prevention. The fact that vast majority of @entity1445 suicides came under the category X64 refers to the need of more detailed ICD coding system for @entity1445 suicides is needed to permit better design of suicide-prevention strategies at national level.

title: Drug suicide: a sex-equal cause of XXXX in 16 European countries.

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose', 'overdose', 'drug-overdose']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Semaphorins are a large family of secreted and cell surface molecules that guide neural growth cones to their targets during development. Some semaphorins are expressed in cells and tissues beyond the nervous system suggesting the possibility that they function in the development of non-neural tissues as well. In the trunk of @entity3392 embryos endothelial precursors (angioblasts) are located ventral and lateral to the somites. The angioblasts migrate medially and dorsally along the medial surface of the somites to form the dorsal aorta just ventral to the notochord. Here we show that in @entity3392 @entity72900 is involved in angioblast migration in vivo. Expression of @entity72900 in somites and neuropilin 1, which encodes for a component of the Sema3a receptor, in angioblasts suggested that @entity72900 regulates the pathway of the dorsally migrating angioblasts. Antisense knockdown of @entity72900 inhibited the formation of the dorsal aorta. Induced ubiquitous expression of @entity72900 in @entity24798 :(gfp) @entity72900 (myc) transgenic embryos inhibited migration of angioblasts ventral and lateral to the somites and retarded development of the dorsal aorta, resulting in severely reduced blood circulation. Furthermore, analysis of cells that express angioblast markers following induced expression of @entity72900 or in a mutant that changes the expression of @entity72900 in the somites confirmed these results. These data implicate @entity72900 , a guidance factor for neural growth cones, in the development of the vascular system.

title: Semaphorin3a1 regulates angioblast migration and vascular development in XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Few would argue with the need for long-term follow-up after endovascular repair of @entity1028 . A small risk of reintervention persists and the challenge remains to identify those @entity1 that will require additional procedures to prevent subsequent complications. The ideal follow-up regimen remains elusive. Up until this point, most regimens have consisted of radiologic imaging, with either computed tomography (CT) scans or ultrasonography to identify continued @entity439 perfusion ( @entity1070 ) and document sac dynamics, either shrinkage, growth, or stability. However, @entity439 sac growth or shrinkage serves only as a surrogate measurement for pressurization, and although it is uniformly believed that attachment site @entity1070 require treatment, it remains controversial as to how to determine which type II @entity1070 pressurize an @entity439 sufficiently to require therapy. In response to these difficulties, several manufacturers have developed pressure sensors that can be implanted at the time of the initial repair. They have been shown capable of measuring intrasac pressures that have appropriately responded to reinterventions for @entity1070 . However, are they the answer we are looking for? Are they ready for widespread use? Do they offer a reliable and consistent measure of intrasac pressure that can be trusted to determine the need, or lack of need, for further therapy? Our debaters will try to convince us one way or another.

title: Are intrasac pressure measurements useful after endovascular repair of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves clinical outcome in selected @entity1 with advanced @entity712 . The Overlay Ref technique may facilitate the procedure for implanting left ventricular (LV) pacing leads to deliver CRT. AIM: To assess the feasibility of deploying a LV pacing lead into a coronary sinus side branch guided by Overlay Ref. METHODS: Data from 88 consecutive @entity1 who met the CRT implantation criteria in our hospital between 28 November 2007 and 30 December 2009 were randomly assigned to two groups. Forty-four @entity1 underwent CRT device implantation using Overlay Ref to guide target vein selection and advance a specifically designed pacing lead into the target vein (Overlay Ref group); 44 @entity1 were conventionally implanted (control group). RESULTS: LV lead implantation was successful in all @entity1 . Mean CRT total procedure times (skin-to-skin) were: Overlay Ref group, 80.7    18.0 min; control group, 98.5    32.2 min; p = 0.029. Mean placement of LV pacing lead into target vein times were: Overlay Ref group, 16.2    7.7 min; control group, 36.4    23.4 min; p=0.004. Mean total fluoroscopy times were: Overlay Ref group, 13.6    4.3 min; control group, 23.8    15.7 min; p=0.007. Mean LV lead fluoroscopy times were: Overlay Ref group, 5.7    2.9 min; control group, 14.4    4.6 min; p=0.003. No major complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Overlay Ref facilitates location of and entry into the coronary sinus, and shortens the duration of LV pacing lead implantation into the target vein.

title: Initial clinical experience with implantation of left ventricular lead guided by Overlay Ref for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Morgagni @entity547 is an uncommon type of @entity2914 whose pathophysiology is not clear. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate morbidity, mortality, and treatment outcomes in 13 cases of Morgagni @entity547 treated with the subcostal approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 2009, 13 @entity1 with Morgagni @entity547 were operated in our department. Of the 13 @entity1 with a median age of 65 years (range: 13-78), 12 were female. Chest roentgenograms, thorax computed tomography (CT), and barium enema roentgenographic studies were used as diagnostic utilities. The contents of the @entity547 , as diagnosed with CT and confirmed at surgery, were omentum and colon in all @entity1 . RESULTS: All the @entity1 were operated electively except one @entity1 on ventilation treatment. Transabdominal repair with the subcostal approach was performed in all @entity1 . There was no operative morbidity and mortality. The median hospital stay was 8 days (range: 6-14 days). There was no recurrence during the follow-up of 48.8 months (1-132 months). CONCLUSION: We recommend the transabdominal subcostal approach in @entity1 with Morgagni @entity547 for surgical exposure, easy repair of the @entity547 sac, and low morbidity.

title: Transabdominal subcostal approach in surgical management of Morgagni XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernias']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity5 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity1544 and to correlate this with @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 in surgical specimens. @entity1 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, smoking history, and @entity167 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity5 were found to be positive for @entity16051 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity5 were also positive for @entity6472 and @entity5840 . IH was only positive for @entity16051 in one @entity1 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity5 (40%) were positive for @entity6472 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity5 were positive for @entity6472 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity5 (44.4%) were positive for @entity5840 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity5 were positive for @entity5840 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity5 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity1 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity6472 and @entity5840 antigens in @entity213 , whereas @entity16051 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity1 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity6472 and @entity5840 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity957 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and XXXX in head and @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

answer: @entity5840 :: (4102,Gene) :: ['MAGE-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity5 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity1544 and to correlate this with @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 in surgical specimens. @entity1 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, smoking history, and @entity167 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity5 were found to be positive for @entity16051 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity5 were also positive for @entity6472 and @entity5840 . IH was only positive for @entity16051 in one @entity1 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity5 (40%) were positive for @entity6472 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity5 were positive for @entity6472 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity5 (44.4%) were positive for @entity5840 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity5 were positive for @entity5840 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity5 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity1 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity6472 and @entity5840 antigens in @entity213 , whereas @entity16051 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity1 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity6472 and @entity5840 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity957 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of XXXX , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 in head and @entity213 .

answer: @entity16051 :: (246100,Gene) :: ['NY-ESO-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity5 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity1544 and to correlate this with @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 in surgical specimens. @entity1 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, smoking history, and @entity167 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity5 were found to be positive for @entity16051 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity5 were also positive for @entity6472 and @entity5840 . IH was only positive for @entity16051 in one @entity1 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity5 (40%) were positive for @entity6472 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity5 were positive for @entity6472 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity5 (44.4%) were positive for @entity5840 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity5 were positive for @entity5840 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity5 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity1 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity6472 and @entity5840 antigens in @entity213 , whereas @entity16051 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity1 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity6472 and @entity5840 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity957 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 in head and XXXX .

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity5 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity1544 and to correlate this with @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 in surgical specimens. @entity1 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, smoking history, and @entity167 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity5 were found to be positive for @entity16051 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity5 were also positive for @entity6472 and @entity5840 . IH was only positive for @entity16051 in one @entity1 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity5 (40%) were positive for @entity6472 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity5 were positive for @entity6472 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity5 (44.4%) were positive for @entity5840 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity5 were positive for @entity5840 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity5 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity1 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity6472 and @entity5840 antigens in @entity213 , whereas @entity16051 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity1 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity6472 and @entity5840 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity957 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of @entity16051 , XXXX , and @entity5840 in head and @entity213 .

answer: @entity6472 :: (4100,Gene) :: ['MAGE-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Workers exposed to low doses of radiation can provide information regarding @entity5 risks that are of public concern. However, characterizing risk at low doses requires large populations and ideally should include a large proportion of @entity1 , both of which rarely are available. METHODS: Among 90305 radiologic technologists in the U.S. (77% @entity1 ) who were followed during 1983-1998, data concerning incident @entity5 occurrence was obtained from mailed questionnaires and from death records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed using age-specific, gender-specific, race-specific, and calendar year-specific @entity5 rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. RESULTS: The SIR for all @entity5 in both genders combined was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00-1.07; n = 3292 technologists). Female technologists had an elevated risk for all solid @entity5 combined (SIR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; n = 2168 @entity1 ) and for @entity0 (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09-1.23; n = 970 @entity1 ), @entity320 (SIR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43-1.89; n = 181 @entity1 ), and @entity259 (SIR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.24-1.83; n = 107 @entity1 ). Male technologists experienced a decreased risk for solid @entity5 (SIR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98; n = 755 @entity1 ); however, @entity320 (SIR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00-1.79; n = 56 @entity1 ) and @entity259 ( @entity4093 .23; 95% CI, 1.29-3.59; n = 17 @entity1 ) were increased. Among both genders, the risks were decreased for buccal cavity/ @entity5 (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90; n = 54 technologists), @entity5 (SIR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.48-0.76; n = 53 technologists), and @entity2 (SIR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.70-0.85; n = 307 technologists). CONCLUSIONS: The elevated risk for @entity0 may have been related to occupational radiation exposure. The observed excesses of @entity320 and @entity259 may reflect, at least in part, earlier detection among medical workers with easy access to health care.

title: XXXX incidence in the US radiologic technologists health study, 1983-1998.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'rectal cancers', 'cancer', 'pharyngeal cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity25 while driving have been reported in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 , and termed @entity25 because they were reported to be irresistible and to occur without warning. We postulate that these episodes are due to excessive @entity25 secondary to the high frequency of @entity25 in @entity191 @entity1 and the sedative effects of dopaminergic medications. We assessed the frequency and relationship between excess @entity25 and @entity25 while driving (SE) in @entity1 with @entity191 . We evaluated 101 consecutive @entity191 @entity1 presenting to the @entity717 Center at the Mount Sinai School of @entity2837 using a questionnaire that incorporated a subjective estimate of @entity25 , the @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and information on disease severity and dopaminergic medications. One hundred age-matched respondents without @entity191 served as a control population. Excess @entity25 was reported in 76% of @entity191 @entity1 compared to 47% of controls (P < 0.05). The mean @entity25 scores for @entity191 @entity1 was 9.1 +/- 6.1 versus 5.7 +/- 4.4 in controls (P < 0.001). @entity25 scores > or =10 were observed in 40.6% of @entity191 @entity1 compared to 19% of controls (P < 0.01) and 24% of @entity191 @entity1 had scores > or =15, compared to 5% of controls (P < 0.001). Sleep episodes while driving were experienced by 20.8% of @entity191 drivers compared to 6% of control drivers (P < 0.05). The mean daily levodopa (L-dopa) dose equivalent was 1,142 +/- 858 mg in @entity191 drivers who experienced a SE while driving compared to 626 +/- 667 mg in those who had not (P < 0.05). Similarly, @entity25 was significantly greater in drivers with a SE than in those without (11.6 +/- 6.4 vs. 8.4 +/- 4.1; P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that @entity25 and mean daily L-dopa dose equivalents were predictors of @entity25 while driving, whereas age, gender, disease severity, and individual dopaminergic agents were not. These findings support the notion that @entity25 while driving in @entity191 @entity1 are related to excess @entity25 and dopaminergic load. Physicians should advise and treat @entity1 accordingly.

title: Sleepiness in XXXX : a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2837 :: ('CHEBI:23888', 'Chemical') :: ['Medicine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep disorders', 'daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'Sudden-onset sleep episodes', 'ESS', 'sleep episodes', 'sleep attacks']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 [ @entity8033 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity1 who have previously experienced @entity882 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity8033 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity8033 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity882 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity8033 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity8033 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity8033 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity8033 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity8033 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity1 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 XXXX ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity882 in solid tumor @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4382 :: ('3589', 'Gene') :: ['oprelvekin', 'interleukin-11']

answer: @entity4382 :: (3589,Gene) :: ['interleukin-11']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 [ @entity8033 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity1 who have previously experienced @entity882 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity8033 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity8033 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity882 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity8033 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity8033 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity8033 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity8033 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity8033 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity1 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of XXXX (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity882 in solid tumor @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity4382 :: (3589,Gene) :: ['oprelvekin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 [ @entity8033 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity1 who have previously experienced @entity882 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity8033 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity8033 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity882 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity8033 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity8033 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity8033 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity8033 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity8033 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity1 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 ) for secondary prophylaxis of XXXX in solid tumor @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 [ @entity8033 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity1 who have previously experienced @entity882 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity8033 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity8033 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity882 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity8033 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity8033 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity8033 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity8033 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity8033 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity1 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity4382 (recombinant XXXX @entity4382 ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity882 in solid tumor @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 [ @entity8033 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity1 who have previously experienced @entity882 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity8033 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity8033 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity882 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity8033 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity8033 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity8033 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity8033 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity8033 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity1 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity882 in solid tumor XXXX receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hip shape by @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) is associated with hip radiographic @entity571 (rOA). We examined associations between hip shape and knee rOA given the biomechanical interrelationships between these joints. METHODS: Bilateral baseline hip shape assessments [for those with at least 1 hip with a Kellgren-Lawrence @entity625 grading scale (KL) 0 or 1] from the Johnston County @entity571 Project were available. Proximal femur shape was defined on baseline pelvis radiographs and evaluated by @entity3628 , producing mean shape and continuous variables representing independent modes of variation (14 modes = 95% of shape variance). Outcomes included prevalent [baseline KL >=  2 or total knee replacement (TKR)], incident (baseline @entity6826 with followup >=  2), and progressive knee rOA (KL increase of >=  1 or TKR). Limb-based logistic regression models for @entity717 were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and hip rOA, accounting for intraperson correlations. RESULTS: We evaluated 681 hips and 682 knees from 342 individuals (61% @entity1 , 83% white, mean age 62 yrs, BMI 29 kg/m(2)). Ninety-nine knees (15%) had prevalent rOA (4 knees with TKR). Lower modes 2 and 3 scores were associated with ipsilateral prevalent knee rOA, and only lower mode 3 scores were associated with contralateral prevalent knee rOA. No statistically significant associations were seen for incident or progressive knee rOA. CONCLUSION: Variations in hip shape were associated with prevalent, but not incident or progressive, knee rOA in this cohort, and may reflect biomechanical differences between limbs, genetic influences, or common factors related to both hip shape and knee rOA.

title: Variations in Hip Shape Are Associated with Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of the Johnston County XXXX Project.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral and contralateral comparisons']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['statistical shape modeling', 'SSM']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECT: Hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) is caused by arterial or venous @entity2850 VII at its root exit zone. Traditionally, microvascular decompression of the facial nerve has been an effective treatment for posterior inferior and anterior @entity5487 as well as venous compression. The traditional technique involves Teflon felt or another construct to cushion the offending vessel from the facial nerve, or cautery and division of the offending vein. However, using this technique for severe vertebral artery (VA) compression can be ineffective and fraught with complications. The authors report the use of a new technique of VA pexy to the petrous or clival dura mater in @entity1 with HFS attributed to a severely ectatic and tortuous VA, and detail the results in a series of @entity1 . METHODS: Six @entity1 with HFS due to VA compression underwent a retrosigmoid craniotomy, combined with a far-lateral approach in some @entity1 . On identification of the site of VA compression, the vessel was mobilized adequately for the decompression. Great care was taken to avoid kinking the perforating vessels arising from the VA. Two 8-0 nylon sutures were passed through to the wall of the VA and then through the clival or petrous dura, and then tied to alleviate compression on cranial nerve VII. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively (mean 2.7 years, range 1-4 years). All 6 @entity1 had complete resolution of their HFS. Facial function was tested postoperatively, and was stable when compared with the preoperative baseline. Two of the 3 @entity1 with preoperative @entity392 had resolution of this symptom after the procedure. Postoperative imaging demonstrated VA decompression of the facial nerve and no evidence of @entity64 in all @entity1 . One @entity1 suffered from @entity393 , another developed a postoperative transient unilateral vocal @entity912 , and a third @entity1 developed a pseudomeningocele that resolved with the placement of a lumbar drain. CONCLUSIONS: Hemifacial @entity2473 and other @entity531 are effectively treated by repositioning the compressing artery. Careful study of the preoperative MR images may identify a select group of @entity1 with HFS due to an ectatic VA. Rather than traditional decompression with only pledget placement, these @entity1 may benefit from a VA pexy to provide an effective, safe, and durable resolution of their symptoms while minimizing surgical complications.

title: Vertebral artery pexy for microvascular decompression of the facial nerve in the treatment of hemifacial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression of cranial nerve']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular syndromes']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['cord paralysis']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the possible changes in lower urinary tract function in @entity19 fed a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS: Male C57BL/6J @entity19 were divided into two different feed groups: @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) and HFD (n = 16 in each). The body weight, blood @entity413 level and voiding frequency/volume (FV) relations (for 24 h) were measured every 4 weeks. At 25 weeks old, blood pressure and heart rate, cystometry and isolated detrusor smooth muscle function were measured. After the experiments, serum fat level was measured. RESULTS: The body weight and blood @entity413 level of the HFD group were significantly higher than those of the @entity4361 group after 9 weeks old. In the FV measurements, the mean voided volume was not significantly different between the two groups, although voiding frequency, total voided volume and water intake volume in the HFD group were significantly lower than those in the @entity4361 group. At 25 weeks old, the mean heart rate in the HFD group was significantly higher than that in the @entity4361 group, but no significant difference in the blood pressure was observed. None of the cystometric parameters analyzed showed significant differences between the two groups. The contractile response to either @entity5402 or high @entity3529 was not significantly different, whereas the contractile response to electrical field stimulation was significantly higher in the HFD group. In the HFD group, the mean total @entity165 level was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that HFD-feeding for 20 weeks in @entity19 unlikely affects bladder function even though it induced @entity6 , @entity407 and @entity591 .

title: Influence of High Fat Diet Feeding for 20 Weeks on Lower Urinary Tract Function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['normal diet', 'ND']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: The alpha and beta subunits of @entity1 pituitary thyrotropin were prepared by a process developed earlier. Each subunit preparation contained four isoforms which were isolated by preparative agarose-suspension electrophoresis. The alpha subunit isoforms were homogeneous upon examination by analytical electrophoresis in @entity2975 gel. Contrarily, the isolated beta subunit isoforms were always to some extent contaminated by the adjacent more acidic component. This was considered to show a transformation of these forms favoured by @entity3787 ions. @entity535 analysis revealed no differences between the alpha isoforms nor between the beta isoforms, and the @entity535 compositions were in very good agreement with those earlier obtained for multi-alpha and multi-beta preparations. Attempts to recombine different alpha and beta isoforms were made at pH 7.0. The activities of recombined @entity7287 (in terms of MRC Research Standard A) ranged from 1.1 unit/mg (recombination of two minor components) to 3.5 units/mg (recombination of two major components). The activities of native and recombined thyrotropins as well as the subunit activities were followed by radioimmunoassays. The activity of native thyrotropin as a function of time was studied under different storage conditions. The subunit activities were also measured. All conditions resulted in a decrease in the thytrotropin activity (about 40% in 10 weeks). This decrease was not due to dissociation as the subunit activities remained approximately constant.

title: XXXX pituitary thyrotropin. Isolation and recombination of subunit isoforms.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the prevalence of and risk factors in @entity1 with @entity2183 at a general medical clinic in Naha, Japan. METHODS: We enrolled @entity1 who had been regularly followed-up at a general medical clinic in Naha. @entity1 were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire regarding medical history and the frequency of nocturnal voids in the last month with anonymity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to evaluate the risk factors for clinically significant @entity2183 . RESULTS: In total, 357 @entity1 ( @entity1 , 192; @entity1 , 165; mean age, 60   years) were eligible for analysis. The prevalence rate of clinically significant @entity2183 in @entity1 was 33.8%. Univariate, as well as multivariate, analysis revealed that age, gender, and @entity101 were significant risk factors for @entity2183 . CONCLUSION: Clinically significant @entity2183 is common among @entity1 seen at a general medical clinic. Age and gender are the most definitive risk factors for @entity2183 . @entity101 may also be related to @entity2183 . Thus, it is important to evaluate not only urological problems but other medical problems in @entity1 with @entity2183 .

title: Prevalence and Risk Factors for XXXX in an Outpatient Clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity2183 :: (MESH:D053158,Disease) :: ['Nocturia']


abstract: The Fontan procedure was initially proposed for @entity1145 ( @entity1145 ). We describe our experience with modifications of this operation and its application to previously uncorrectable @entity66 . From 1975 to 1979, 26 @entity1 have undergone a Fontan-like procedure, at a mean age of 14 years (range: 3 months to 23 years). Nineteen @entity1 had @entity1145 , one @entity1 had mitral @entity1146 , four @entity1 had a univentricular heart, one @entity1 had a "criss-cross" heart, and one @entity1 had @entity1146 . Previous procedures included eight Glenn shunts, 18 @entity358 (PA) shunts, two PA bands, and two atrial septectomies. Thirteen @entity1 underwent @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) to PA connections, with a valved conduit in nine @entity1 and without in four. Two @entity1 had simultaneous Glenn shunts. Thirteen had @entity4032 to right ventricular (RV) conduits, with a valve in 12 @entity1 and without in one. There were five early @entity204 (<30 days, 19%) and no significant difference between the @entity4032 to PA connection (four @entity204 of 13) versus the @entity4032 to RV connection (one death of 13). The mortality rate was higher in @entity1 undergoing @entity4032 to PA connection without valved conduit (one death of nine with a valve, three @entity204 of four without, p < 0.05), while the Glenn shunt did not affect mortality (one death of seven with, three of six without, p < 0.1). There were no late @entity204 (mean follow-up: 24 months). Seven @entity1 underwent recatheterization with a mean @entity4032 pressure of 14 mmHg (range: 9--25 mmHg). Thus, the "Fontan" procedure can be done with an acceptably low mortality with good functional results, both for @entity1145 and other complex lesions.

title: Results of @entity4032 to right ventricular and right XXXX for complex congenital heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia', 'TA']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['systemic to pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'right atrial']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['atrial to pulmonary artery conduits']


abstract: The Fontan procedure was initially proposed for @entity1145 ( @entity1145 ). We describe our experience with modifications of this operation and its application to previously uncorrectable @entity66 . From 1975 to 1979, 26 @entity1 have undergone a Fontan-like procedure, at a mean age of 14 years (range: 3 months to 23 years). Nineteen @entity1 had @entity1145 , one @entity1 had mitral @entity1146 , four @entity1 had a univentricular heart, one @entity1 had a "criss-cross" heart, and one @entity1 had @entity1146 . Previous procedures included eight Glenn shunts, 18 @entity358 (PA) shunts, two PA bands, and two atrial septectomies. Thirteen @entity1 underwent @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) to PA connections, with a valved conduit in nine @entity1 and without in four. Two @entity1 had simultaneous Glenn shunts. Thirteen had @entity4032 to right ventricular (RV) conduits, with a valve in 12 @entity1 and without in one. There were five early @entity204 (<30 days, 19%) and no significant difference between the @entity4032 to PA connection (four @entity204 of 13) versus the @entity4032 to RV connection (one death of 13). The mortality rate was higher in @entity1 undergoing @entity4032 to PA connection without valved conduit (one death of nine with a valve, three @entity204 of four without, p < 0.05), while the Glenn shunt did not affect mortality (one death of seven with, three of six without, p < 0.1). There were no late @entity204 (mean follow-up: 24 months). Seven @entity1 underwent recatheterization with a mean @entity4032 pressure of 14 mmHg (range: 9--25 mmHg). Thus, the "Fontan" procedure can be done with an acceptably low mortality with good functional results, both for @entity1145 and other complex lesions.

title: Results of XXXX to right ventricular and right @entity358 for complex congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['right atrial']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of blood @entity884 (BCNE) and how it compares to those of blood culture-positive @entity884 (BCPE) cases and show how molecular tools helped establish the etiology in BCNE. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity884 (IE) and having valve surgery were included. Valves were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis compared BCNE and BCPE. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one @entity1 were included; 53 (40  %) had BCNE. The mean age was 45      16  years; 33 (62  %) were male. BCNE was community-acquired in 41 (79  %). Most @entity1 were referred from other hospitals (38, 73  %). Presentation was subacute in 34 (65  %), with fever in 47/53 (90  %) and a new regurgitant murmur in 34/42 (81  %). Native valves were affected in 74  %, mostly left-sided. All echocardiograms showed major criteria for IE. Antibiotics were used prior to BC collection in 31/42 (74  %). Definite histological diagnosis was established for 35/50 (70  %) valves. PCR showed oralis group streptococci in 21 (54  %), @entity794 in 3 (7.7  %), gallolyticus group streptococci in 2 (5.1  %), @entity4003 in 1 (2.5  %) and Rhizobium sp. in 1 (2.5  %). In-hospital mortality was 9/53 (17  %). Fever (p  =  0.06, OR 4.7, CI 0.91-24.38) and @entity887 (p  =  0.003, OR 3.3, CI 1.55-6.82) were more frequent in BCPE cases, while new acute regurgitation (p  =  0.05, OR 0.3, CI 0.098-0.996) and @entity712 (p  =  0.02, OR 0.3, CI 0.13-0.79) were less so. CONCLUSIONS: BCNE resulted mostly from prior antibiotics and was associated with severe hemodynamic compromise. Valve histopathology and PCR were useful in confirming the diagnosis and pointing to the etiology of BCNE.

title: Diagnosis of blood XXXX and clinical comparison between blood culture-negative and blood culture-positive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis', 'definite infective endocarditis', 'culture-negative endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['culture-negative endocarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) has developed a new grading system for uniform description of anatomic severity of Emergency General Surgery (EGS) diseases, ranging from Grade I (mild) to Grade V (severe). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of AAST grades for acute @entity12127 with @entity1 outcomes. A secondary purpose was to propose an EGS Quality Improvement Program (EQIP) using risk-adjusted center outcomes, similar to NSQIP and TQIP methodology. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 1105 @entity1 (one @entity204 ) from 13 centers. At each center, 2 reviewers (blinded to each other's assignments) assigned AAST grades. Inter-rater reliability was measured using kappa coefficient. Relationship between AAST grade and clinical events (complications, intensive care unit use, surgical intervention, and 30-day readmission), as well as length of stay, was measured using regression analyses to control for age, comorbidities, and physiologic status at the time of admission. Final model was also used to calculate observed-to-expected (O-E) ratios for adverse outcomes ( @entity204 , complications, readmissions) for each center. RESULTS: Median age was 54 years, 52% were males, 43% were minorities, and 22% required a surgical intervention. Almost two-thirds had Grade I or II disease. There was high level of agreement for grades between reviewers (kappa 0.81). Regression analysis showed that higher disease grades were independently associated with all clinical events and length of stay, after adjusting for age, comorbidities, and physiology. O-E ratios showed one center with significantly lower-than-expected risk of @entity204 , complications, and readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: AAST grades for acute @entity12127 are independently associated with clinical outcomes and resource use. EQIP methodology that incorporates AAST grade, age, comorbidities, and physiologic status may be used for measuring quality of EGS care. High-quality EGS registries are essential for developing meaningful quality metrics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V - Retrospective Study STUDY TYPE: Retrospective multicenter study.

title: Multicenter validation of American association for the surgery of trauma grading system for acute XXXX and its use for emergency general surgery quality improvement program.

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

answer: @entity12127 :: (MESH:D004239,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticulitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Segmental duplication and deletion were implicated for a region containing the @entity1 @entity7513 ( @entity7513 ) gene segments, 1.9III/hv3005 (possible allelic variants of @entity56917 ) and hv3019b9 (a possible allelic variant of @entity72901 ). However, very little is known about the ranges of the duplication and the polymorphic region. This is mainly because of the difficulty associated with distinguishing between allelic and paralogous sequences in the @entity7513 region containing extensive repetitive sequences. Inability to separate the two parental haploid genomes in the subjects is another serious barrier. To address these issues, unique DNA sequence tags evenly distributed within and flanking the duplicated region implicated by the previous studies were selected. The selected tags in single sperm from six unrelated healthy donors were amplified by multiplex PCR followed by microarray detection. In this way, individual haplotypes of different parental origins in the sperm donors could be analyzed separately and precisely. The identified polymorphic region was further analyzed at the @entity377 sequence level using sequences from the three @entity1 genomic sequence assemblies in the database. RESULTS: A large polymorphic region was identified using the selected sequence tags. Four of the 12 haplotypes were shown to contain consecutively undetectable tags spanning in a variable range. Detailed analysis of sequences from the genomic sequence assemblies revealed two large duplicate sequence blocks of 24,696 bp and 24,387 bp, respectively, and an incomplete copy of 961 bp in this region. It contains up to 13 @entity7513 gene segments depending on haplotypes. A polymorphic region was found to be located within the duplicated blocks. The variants of this polymorphism unusually diverged at the @entity377 sequence level and in @entity7513 gene segment number, composition and organization, indicating a limited selection pressure in general. However, the divergence level within the gene segments is significantly different from that in the intergenic regions indicating that these regions may have been subject to different selection pressures and that the @entity7513 gene segments in this region are functionally important. CONCLUSIONS: Non-reciprocal genetic rearrangements associated with large duplicate sequence blocks could substantially contribute to the @entity7513 region diversity. Since the resulting polymorphisms may affect the number, composition and organization of the gene segments in this region, it may have significant impact on the function of the @entity7513 gene segment repertoire, antibody diversity, and therefore, the immune system. Because one of the gene segments, 3-30 (1.9III), is associated with @entity792 , it could be of diagnostic significance to learn about the variants in the haplotypes by using the multiplex haplotype analysis system used in the present study with DNA sequence tags specific for the variants of all gene segments in this region.

title: Segmental duplication as one of the driving forces underlying the diversity of the XXXX immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene region.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity7513 :: ('3492', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain variable', 'IGHV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The gradient diffusion of ionic @entity3208 micelles in agarose gel was investigated at moderate concentrations above the CMC. Of particular interest were the effects of micelle, gel, and @entity2827 concentration on the micelle diffusivity. Holographic interferometry was used to measure the gradient diffusion coefficient at three @entity2827 concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.10 M), three gel concentrations (0, 1, 2 wt%), and several surfactant concentrations. Time-resolved fluorescence quenching was used to measure aggregation numbers both in solution and gel. The micelle diffusivity increased linearly with surfactant concentration at the two larger @entity2827 concentrations and all gel concentrations. In general, the strength of this effect increased with decreasing @entity2827 concentration and increased with gel concentration. This behavior is evidence of decreasing micelle-micelle electrostatic interactions with increasing @entity2827 concentrations, and increasing excluded volume effects and hydrodynamic screening with increasing gel concentration, respectively. The only exception was at 0.1M @entity2827 and 2 wt% agarose, which showed a slight reduction in the slope compared to 1 wt% agarose. It was found that the concentration effect is quite strong for charged solutes: at a @entity1219 concentration of 0.03 M in a 2% agarose gel, in a solution with 3% @entity214 micelles by volume, the micelle diffusion coefficient is doubled relative to its value in the same gel at infinite dilution. The extrapolated, infinite-dilution diffusion coefficients and the rate at which the micelle diffusivity increased with surfactant concentration were compared with predictions of previously published theories in which the micelles are treated as charged, colloidal spheres and the gel as a Brinkman medium. The experimental data and theoretical predictions were in good agreement.

title: Diffusion of XXXX micelles in agarose gels.

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

answer: @entity3208 :: (MESH:D012967,Chemical) :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcome and complications of the use of semirigid ureteroscopy (URS) together with intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy in the management of upper @entity1607 >10 mm in diameter. METHODS: A total of 75 @entity1 (41 @entity1 and 34 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 48 years (range 25-60), underwent primary URS for solitary radiopaque proximal @entity1607 10-20 mm in diameter (average 13.1). Dilation of the intramural ureter was done in 60 cases (80% of @entity1 ), and intracorporeal lithotripsy was required in 56 (74.6%). Ureteral catheters were left for drainage in 60% of @entity1 , 26.7% were left unstented, and only 13.3% required an indwelling stent. RESULTS: Of the 75 stones, 60 (80%) were successfully cleared after a single endoscopic procedure. Our initial stone-free rate was 90.6% at 2 weeks after the primary endoscopic procedure and had reached 98.6% at 3 months. Antegrade URS for migrating stones was done successfully in 6 cases in a tubeless fashion, and open ureterolithotomy was required in 1 case. No major complications were encountered. The minor complications included only mild extravasation and self-limited postoperative @entity221 and @entity811 . The risk factors for URS failure included male gender, the severity of the @entity3041 , the severity of impaction, and the occurrence of extravasation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that semirigid URS is a safe and successful alternative to open ureterolithotomy in the management of large proximal @entity1607 in the absence of flexible instruments.

title: Semirigid ureteroscopy in management of large proximal XXXX : is there still a role in developing countries?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculi']


abstract: @entity1 with severe @entity447 are treated either in case of @entity548 only (on demand), or with regular infusions of clotting factor to prevent @entity548 (prophylaxis). The introduction of prophylaxis has been hampered by issues of cost and viral safety. In order to compare results and treatment cost of different treatment strategies in adults, three cohorts of @entity1 with severe @entity447 (born 1970-1980) were compared. 106 French @entity1 were treated on demand, 49 Dutch @entity1 were treated with intermediate dose prophylaxis, and 24 Swedish @entity1 were treated with high dose prophylaxis. The annual number of joint @entity548 , and the radiological Pettersson score were used to compare outcome, annual clotting factor consumption was used to compare costs. Prophylaxis reduced @entity548 and @entity2720 : @entity1 treated on demand had a median of 11.5 joint @entity548 /year and a median Pettersson score of 16 points, for intermediate dose prophylaxis median @entity548 were 2.8 and Pettersson score was 7 points, and for high dose prophylaxis median @entity548 were 0.5 joint @entity548 and Pettersson score was 4 points. All differences were statistically significant, except the Pettersson scores in both prophylactic regimens. Treatment cost was only increased for high dose prophylaxis: mean clotting factor consumption was 1612 IU kg-1 yr-1 for on demand treatment, 1488 IU kg-1 yr-1 for intermediate dose prophylaxis, and 4012 IU kg-1 yr-1 for high dose prophylaxis. In young adults, the cost of intermediate dose prophylaxis is similar, but outcome is better than for on demand treatment. The cost of high dose prophylaxis is twofold higher, further improving outcome only slightly.

title: Prophylaxis for severe XXXX : clinical and economical issues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: 1. A method for the preparation of small particles from @entity526 is described. 2. These particles catalyse the @entity855 -driven reduction of @entity2125 by @entity4588 . 3. @entity855 utilized/ @entity2125 produced ratios below 2.0 were measured and a stoicheiometry of 1 molecule of @entity855 utilized per molecule of @entity2125 produced is proposed. 4. The reaction is not inhibited by @entity3212 or by @entity4626 but is inhibited by other uncouplers such as @entity49492 and @entity18689 . 5. The specificity of the energy source, the specificity of the electron acceptor, the effects of pH, @entity1025 , P(i) and temperature have been studied.

title: Studies on energy-linked reactions. Energy-linked reduction of oxidized @entity2125 by @entity4588 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity18689 :: ('MESH:D001728', 'Chemical') :: ['dicoumarol']

entities_list: @entity49492 :: ('MESH:C098189', 'Chemical') :: ['pentabromophenol']

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: 1. A method for the preparation of small particles from @entity526 is described. 2. These particles catalyse the @entity855 -driven reduction of @entity2125 by @entity4588 . 3. @entity855 utilized/ @entity2125 produced ratios below 2.0 were measured and a stoicheiometry of 1 molecule of @entity855 utilized per molecule of @entity2125 produced is proposed. 4. The reaction is not inhibited by @entity3212 or by @entity4626 but is inhibited by other uncouplers such as @entity49492 and @entity18689 . 5. The specificity of the energy source, the specificity of the electron acceptor, the effects of pH, @entity1025 , P(i) and temperature have been studied.

title: Studies on energy-linked reactions. Energy-linked reduction of oxidized XXXX by @entity4588 in @entity526 .

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide']


abstract: 1. A method for the preparation of small particles from @entity526 is described. 2. These particles catalyse the @entity855 -driven reduction of @entity2125 by @entity4588 . 3. @entity855 utilized/ @entity2125 produced ratios below 2.0 were measured and a stoicheiometry of 1 molecule of @entity855 utilized per molecule of @entity2125 produced is proposed. 4. The reaction is not inhibited by @entity3212 or by @entity4626 but is inhibited by other uncouplers such as @entity49492 and @entity18689 . 5. The specificity of the energy source, the specificity of the electron acceptor, the effects of pH, @entity1025 , P(i) and temperature have been studied.

title: Studies on energy-linked reactions. Energy-linked reduction of oxidized @entity2125 by XXXX in @entity526 .

answer: @entity4588 :: (MESH:D019802,Chemical) :: ['succinate']


abstract: The clinical features of short-lasting unilateral @entity10 attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing ( @entity19425 ) syndrome have been reviewed in 50 @entity1 reported in the English language literature. @entity19425 is a rare condition that predominates slightly in @entity1 . The mean age at onset is 50 years. It is characterized by strictly unilateral attacks centered on the orbital or periorbital regions, forehead, and temple. Generally, the @entity158 is severe and neuralgic in character. The usual duration ranges from 5 to 250 seconds, although the reported range of duration is 2 seconds to 20 minutes. Ipsilateral conjunctival injection and lacrimation are present in most, but not all @entity1 . Most @entity1 are thought to have no refractory periods and this has probably been unreported in the past. Episodic and chronic forms of @entity19425 exist. The attack frequency varies from less than one attack daily to more than 60 attacks per hour. The attacks are predominantly diurnal, although frequent nocturnal attacks can occur in some @entity1 . A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in @entity19425 has demonstrated @entity1640 activation. @entity19425 was thought to be highly refractory to treatment. However, recent open-label trials of @entity2812 , @entity2682 , @entity1771 , and intravenous @entity3303 have produced beneficial therapeutic responses. These results offer the promise of better treatments for this syndrome, but require validation in controlled trials.

title: Short-lasting unilateral XXXX with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity19425 :: ('MESH:D050798', 'Disease') :: ['SUNCT syndrome', 'SUNCT']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgiform headache']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['neuralgiform headache']


abstract: @entity886 is usually treated by prosthetic valve replacement. We have performed aortic valve plasty (AVP) using @entity3584 -treated autologous pericardium. AVP was performed for 88 @entity1 from April 2007 through August 2009. Sixty-five @entity1 had @entity472 , and 23 @entity1 had @entity337 ( @entity337 ). Twenty-one @entity1 showed bicuspid aortic valves, and one @entity1 showed quadricuspid valve. There were 43 males and 45 females. Their mean age was 70.6  10.5 years old. First, diseased leaflets excised. Then, the distance between each commissure was measured. The new leaflet were trimmed with an original template from a @entity3584 -treated autologous pericardium sample. Finally, the annular margin of the pericardial leaflet was running sutured to each annulus. There was no operative mortality or embolic event. Postoperative echocardiography revealed a mean peak pressure gradient (PG) of 19.0  9.1 mmHg one week after surgery. Thirty-two @entity1 had echocardiography one year after surgery. The peak PG became 12.9  5.8 mmHg. Ten @entity1 showed no @entity337 , 20 @entity1 showed trivial @entity337 , and two @entity1 showed mild @entity337 . Freedom from reoperation is 100% at three years follow-up.

title: Aortic valve reconstruction using self-developed XXXX in @entity886 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve plasty system']


abstract: @entity886 is usually treated by prosthetic valve replacement. We have performed aortic valve plasty (AVP) using @entity3584 -treated autologous pericardium. AVP was performed for 88 @entity1 from April 2007 through August 2009. Sixty-five @entity1 had @entity472 , and 23 @entity1 had @entity337 ( @entity337 ). Twenty-one @entity1 showed bicuspid aortic valves, and one @entity1 showed quadricuspid valve. There were 43 males and 45 females. Their mean age was 70.6  10.5 years old. First, diseased leaflets excised. Then, the distance between each commissure was measured. The new leaflet were trimmed with an original template from a @entity3584 -treated autologous pericardium sample. Finally, the annular margin of the pericardial leaflet was running sutured to each annulus. There was no operative mortality or embolic event. Postoperative echocardiography revealed a mean peak pressure gradient (PG) of 19.0  9.1 mmHg one week after surgery. Thirty-two @entity1 had echocardiography one year after surgery. The peak PG became 12.9  5.8 mmHg. Ten @entity1 showed no @entity337 , 20 @entity1 showed trivial @entity337 , and two @entity1 showed mild @entity337 . Freedom from reoperation is 100% at three years follow-up.

title: Aortic valve reconstruction using self-developed @entity886 in XXXX .

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop a multiple regression equation using anthropometric measurements to predict back strength and (2) to estimate the effect of practice on the back strength results and back strength predictions. DESIGN: Comparative study with repeated measures performed on three days. BACKGROUND: The assessment of back muscle relative endurance (% maximal strength) requires the measurement of maximal back strength which is problematic with @entity1643 @entity1 . METHODS: The back strength (L5/S1 static extension moment), age and 26 anthropometric parameters were obtained from 83 male volunteers [42 healthy subjects and 41 @entity1643 @entity1 ] aged between 20 and 60 years. A subsample of 20 healthy subjects and 20 @entity1 were assessed through three days of testing to evaluate the variations of back strength with practice. RESULTS: The final regression model (n=42 healthy subjects) explained 39% of the variance in back strength. Back strength increased with practice (Day1<Day2 _ 3) for both healthy and @entity1 groups. However, the error of prediction of back strength derived from the regression model showed a significant improvement with practice for the @entity1 only. CONCLUSIONS: Back strength cannot be predicted from simple anthropometric measures without important errors. The decrease of the error of prediction obtained for the @entity1 group is indicative of a decreasing influence of psychological factors that are independent of motor learning because the effect of motor learning would have occurred on both groups if present. RELEVANCE: The prediction of back strength would be useful to determine (1) the relative force level of a given exercise or (2) the preinjury back strength. Unfortunately, anthropometric measurements are not enough good predictors of back strength.

title: Back strength cannot be predicted accurately from anthropometric measures in subjects with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'chronic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited published data defining complete pleural fluid analysis, echocardiographic characteristics, or the presence or absence of @entity843 on sonographic or CT imaging in @entity1 with @entity99 . METHODS: We reviewed pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic findings in 41 consecutive @entity1 with @entity99 referred to the Pleural Procedure Service for thoracentesis. RESULTS: Ascites was detected on sonographic or CT imaging in 38 of 39 @entity1 (97%). @entity67 was found in 11 of 21 @entity1 (52%). Contrast echocardiography with agitated saline demonstrated an intrapulmonary shunt in 18 of 23 cases (78%). Solitary @entity99 had a median pleural fluid pH of 7.49 (fifth to 95th percentile, 7.40-7.57), total protein level of 1.5 g/dL (0.58-2.34), and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) level of 65 IU/L (36-138). The median pleural fluid/serum protein ratio and pleural LDH/upper limit of normal serum LDH ratio were 0.25 (0.10-0.43) and 0.27 (0.14-0.57), respectively. The median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 26 cells/ L (1-230). Only a single @entity1 had a protein discordant exudate despite 83% of @entity1 receiving diuretics. When comparing solitary @entity99 and spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 , there was no statistically significant difference among pleural fluid total protein (P = .99), LDH (P = .33), and serum albumin (P = .47). ANC was higher in @entity1 with spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic hydrothorax virtually always presents with @entity843 that is detectable on sonographic or CT imaging. The development of an "exudate" from diuretic therapy is a rare phenomenon in @entity99 . In contrast, @entity67 and intrapulmonary shunting are common in @entity1 with @entity99 . There was no statistically significant change in pleural fluid parameters with spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 , except an increased ANC.

title: Pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hydrothorax']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hydrothorax']


abstract: To explore the role of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in angiogenesis in the developing corpus luteum, luteal microvascular endothelial-like cells (luteal ECs) were prepared from highly luteinizing ovaries of @entity35 using the percoll density gradient method. The cells abundantly expressed the mRNAs of the endothelial markers @entity18518 ( @entity18518 ) and responded to the @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) to form in vitro @entity5274 structures on Matrigel. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors significantly suppressed @entity5274 formation in luteal ECs, whereas @entity1421 counteracted the COX inhibitor-induced blockage. @entity1421 -induced @entity5274 formation was blocked by a @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, @entity9501 . The antagonist against the PGE receptor type 2 (EP2 receptor), @entity43507 , completely inhibited @entity1421 -induced @entity5274 formation and partly suppressed the @entity6667 -induced @entity5274 formation but did not attenuate @entity1421 -induced phosphorylation of both AKT kinase and @entity2508 . @entity6667 significantly enhanced the expression of @entity4665 mRNAs detected by real-time RT-PCR and @entity1421 secretion into the media measured by ELISA in luteal ECs. In turn, @entity1421 stimulated @entity6667 expression. In vitro co-culture of luteal ECs with steroidogenic luteal cells (SLCs) promoted @entity5274 formation. Pre-treatment of SLCs with @entity6667 further enhanced @entity5274 formation of ECs, and this effect was blocked by the @entity4665 inhibitor. This stimulatory effect was inhibited by treatment with @entity43507 . These data indicate that @entity1421 exerts a direct stimulatory effect on @entity5274 formation mainly via the EP2 receptor/PKA signaling in luteal ECs. Our results suggest the possibility that the endogenous @entity1421 that is produced from luteinizing follicular cells as well as ECs may stimulate luteal angiogenesis.

title: Stimulation of XXXX formation mediated through the prostaglandin EP2 receptor in @entity35 luteal endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['tube']


abstract: To explore the role of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in angiogenesis in the developing corpus luteum, luteal microvascular endothelial-like cells (luteal ECs) were prepared from highly luteinizing ovaries of @entity35 using the percoll density gradient method. The cells abundantly expressed the mRNAs of the endothelial markers @entity18518 ( @entity18518 ) and responded to the @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) to form in vitro @entity5274 structures on Matrigel. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors significantly suppressed @entity5274 formation in luteal ECs, whereas @entity1421 counteracted the COX inhibitor-induced blockage. @entity1421 -induced @entity5274 formation was blocked by a @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, @entity9501 . The antagonist against the PGE receptor type 2 (EP2 receptor), @entity43507 , completely inhibited @entity1421 -induced @entity5274 formation and partly suppressed the @entity6667 -induced @entity5274 formation but did not attenuate @entity1421 -induced phosphorylation of both AKT kinase and @entity2508 . @entity6667 significantly enhanced the expression of @entity4665 mRNAs detected by real-time RT-PCR and @entity1421 secretion into the media measured by ELISA in luteal ECs. In turn, @entity1421 stimulated @entity6667 expression. In vitro co-culture of luteal ECs with steroidogenic luteal cells (SLCs) promoted @entity5274 formation. Pre-treatment of SLCs with @entity6667 further enhanced @entity5274 formation of ECs, and this effect was blocked by the @entity4665 inhibitor. This stimulatory effect was inhibited by treatment with @entity43507 . These data indicate that @entity1421 exerts a direct stimulatory effect on @entity5274 formation mainly via the EP2 receptor/PKA signaling in luteal ECs. Our results suggest the possibility that the endogenous @entity1421 that is produced from luteinizing follicular cells as well as ECs may stimulate luteal angiogenesis.

title: Stimulation of @entity5274 formation mediated through the prostaglandin EP2 receptor in XXXX luteal endothelial cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity5 is a rare, @entity730 associated with hyperphosphataemia. A family in which seven of 13 siblings had demonstrable, clinical, radiological and pathological findings of @entity5 was evaluated. The purposes were to compare the efficacy of bone scintiscans with serum @entity3151 determination in detecting subclinical disease early in asymptomatic siblings and to assess therapeutic results in affected family members following initiation of @entity1391 depletion therapy. History, physical examination, serum @entity460 , serum @entity3151 and bone scintiscans were performed in 12 of 13 siblings. All the affected siblings had markedly elevated serum @entity3151 levels and abnormal bone scintiscans while the unaffected siblings had normal serum @entity3151 levels and normal bone scintiscans. All the siblings, affected and unaffected, were normocalcaemic. After initiation of @entity1391 depletion therapy, gross changes in the appearance of lesions were detected on bone scintiscans. Serum @entity3151 levels likewise showed a modest decline, although still remaining in the hyperphosphataemic range. In conclusion, bone scintiscans and serum @entity3151 determinations are equally sensitive in detecting subclinical disease. However, the scintiscans are helpful in assessing not only the extent of the disease, but also whole-body and regional changes following any therapeutic interventions.

title: XXXX : scintigraphic studies of an affected family.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral calcinosis', 'Tumoral calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['familial ectopic calcification syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumoral calcinosis']