abstract: In South American camelids, raw semen only presents sperm with oscillatory movements. Therefore, it is necessary to treat these cells to enable them to acquire progressive @entity1319 . The effects of raw seminal plasma (SP) on sperm movement patterns (oscillatory, progressive, and hyperactive) have apparently not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to determine effects of raw seminal plasma on sperm @entity1319 , viability, and acrosomal status in fresh @entity7857 semen. A total of 15 ejaculates were collected (electroejaculation) from 5 @entity7857 (n=5, r=3). Each ejaculate was diluted 4:1 in 0.1% collagenase in HEPES-TALP (HT) medium and incubated 4min at 37  C, with the objective of separating spermatozoa from SP. Immediately after incubation, each ejaculate was divided into 2 and centrifuged for 8min at 800*g. Pellets were resuspended in either HT or raw SP and maintained at 37  C until evaluation (at 0, 1.5, and 3h). Sperm @entity1319 was evaluated using a phase contrast microscope and a warm stage. @entity2667 and @entity12312 were used for assessing membrane integrity (viability). Acrosomal status was evaluated with the Coomassie blue stain. A split-plot design was used with treatment as a factor, with 2 levels (HT and SP) and time as the other factor, with 3 levels (0, 1.5, and 3h), and blocked by males. There was no significant interaction between treatments (HT and SP) and times (0, 1.5, and 3h) for each of the seminal characteristics evaluated. @entity1319 was observed after collagenase treatment in all samples. Progressive @entity1319 disappeared immediately after the addition of raw SP and showed only oscillatory movements. In contrast, samples incubated in HT maintained progressive @entity1319 and became hyperactive. There were no differences (P>0.05) in total @entity1319 of sperm incubated in HT among incubation times (0 h: 30.8  18.9%; 1.5 h: 26.5  11.5%; and 3h: 21.5  13.5%). However, in samples incubated with SP, a decrease (P<0.05) in @entity1319 was detected after 3h of incubation (0 h: 16.5  12.6%, 3 h: 2.3  3.2%). Sperm viability was not different (P>0.05) between treatments (HT and SP); samples incubated in HT retained 78.4% of the initial viability (32.8/41.8, 3 h/0h), and samples incubated in SP retained 69.7% of their initial viability (24.4/35.0, 3 h/0h). The percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes was not different (P>0.05) between treatments (HT and SP); however, the percentage of sperm with intact acrosomes decreased after 3h of incubation in both samples (HT and SP). Due to the presence of a high percentage of progressive and hyperactive motile sperm in samples incubated in HT and their absence in samples incubated in SP, we concluded that raw seminal plasma preserved oscillatory sperm @entity1319 . Further studies are needed to understand the effects of SP on South American camelid spermatozoa.

title: 267 effect of seminal plasma in XXXX sperm.

entities_list: @entity12312 :: ('MESH:C027780', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein diacetate']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['total sperm motility', 'motility', 'Progressive sperm motility']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['Propidium iodide']

answer: @entity7857 :: (9844,Species) :: ['lama glama']


abstract: Immature @entity1641 oocytes may be held overnight in an Earle's/Hanks' M199-based medium in the absence of meiotic inhibitors (EH medium) to schedule the onset of in vitro maturation. Holding in EH has been shown not to affect meiotic or developmental competence of @entity1641 oocytes (Choi et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 955-963). However, no studies have been performed to identify the mode by which this medium suppresses meiosis. We hypothesised that holding temperature may affect oocyte @entity1167 . The effect of 3 holding temperatures (25, 30, 38  C) on chromatin status was investigated after @entity2455 staining (Hinrichs et al. 2005 Biol. Reprod. 72, 1142-1150). Oocytes were recovered by scraping of follicles from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries. Data were analysed by Chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's or Holm-Sidak Multiple Comparison methods. A level of P<0.05 was considered significant. There were no significant differences in chromatin configuration between oocytes held overnight at 25  C (25  C-held) and controls (immediately-fixed oocytes); the proportion of oocytes showing meiotic resumption was 1/27, 4% and 0/26, 0%, respectively (not significant, NS). In contrast, holding at higher temperature significantly increased meiosis resumption (14/38, 37% and 14/28, 50%, at 30 and 38  C, respectively; P<0.01) and reduced the proportion of oocytes showing the most meiotically-competent germinal-vesicle (GV) configuration (condensed chromatin, CC; 24 to 29% v. 65 to 70% for control and 25  C-held, respectively; P<0.05). Based on these results, a subsequent experiment was performed in which oocyte meiotic stage and mitochondrial (mt) potential of 25  C-held (n=29) and control (n=36) oocytes was evaluated. Nuclear chromatin, mt activity (MitoTracker orange), intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels ( @entity7361 , @entity7361 ), and mt/ROS colocalization (Pearson's coefficient) were analysed by epifluoscence and confocal microscopy (Martino et al. 2012 Fertil. Steril. 97, 720-728). @entity1167 after EH treatment at 25  C was confirmed (0/29, 0% v. 5/36, 14% for meiotic resumption in 25  C-held and controls, respectively; NS). At any GV stage, 25  C-held treatment had no effect on mt activity, ROS levels, or mt/ROS colocalization. For example, in CC oocytes, values for control and 25  C-held, respectively, were: MitoTracker, 547.8  499.5 v. 722.9  390.3; DCF fluorescence intensity, 278.5  179.3 v. 378  185, and mt/ROS colocalization, 0.5  0.1 v. 0.5  0.2; these were not significantly different (NS). In conclusion, EH holding at 25  C maintains @entity1167 , viability, and mt potential of @entity1641 oocytes.

title: 311 temperature during overnight holding in meiosis inhibitor-free medium affects chromatin configuration and meiotic resumption in XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7361 :: ('MESH:C110400', 'Chemical') :: ['DCDHFDA', "2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate"]

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['meiotic arrest', 'Meiotic arrest']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: Epigenetic silencing of the transgenes has been considered a prerequisite for complete reprogramming of @entity19 somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSC). Here, we examined the activity status of the reprogramming transcription factors in miPSC produced with Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon vectors carrying expression cassettes with the porcine @entity7002 , @entity14231 , c-MYC, and @entity2005 (pOSMK) under the control of @entity3403 (DOX)-inducible (TetO) or constitutive (CAG) promoters. @entity19 embryo fibroblasts (MEF) were electroporated with SB-TetO-rTA-SV40pA-TetO-pOSMK-IRES-tdTomato-bGHpA (TetO group) or with SB-loxP-CAG-pOSMK-IRES-tdTomato-SV40pA-loxP (CAG group) together with SB100x (SB transposase). The cells were cultured on mitotically inactivated MEF feeders with DMEM supplemented with 20% knockout serum replacement, 2mM @entity9640 , @entity114 - @entity3639 , nonessential @entity1522 , 0.1mM @entity6514 , 1000UmL(-1) of ESGRO, and 5  gmL(-1) of DOX. The miPSC colonies were individually picked, disaggregated to single cells, and propagated further under the same culture conditions. Three cell lines from each experimental group were examined for pluripotency characteristics, and the activity of the transgenes was monitored by the presence of tdTomato fluorescence and by RT-PCR. The miPSC produced with TetO vector silenced the transgene expression within 11 days post-transfection (in the presence of DOX) and upregulated the endogenous pluripotency genes @entity7002 , @entity14231 , @entity14230 , @entity14232 , and @entity16461 . These cells showed typical miPSC morphology and ability to differentiate into cells from the 3 primary germ layers in vitro and in vivo ( @entity44 ). At the same time, the miPSC from the CAG group did not silence the transgenes even after 20 passages of continuous propagation, although they upregulated the endogenous pluripotency genes similarly to the TetO group. Moreover, these cells also showed ability to differentiate in vitro into cells from the 3 germ layers (contracting cardiac myocytes, neurons, epithelia) expressing differentiation markers @entity7007 , @entity25235 , @entity7006 , @entity19038 , cardiac troponin, nestin, and @entity10500 . Following Cre-mediated excision of the reprogramming cassette, the miPSC from the CAG group continued to self-renew and the expression of pluripotency markers @entity7002 , @entity14231 , @entity14230 , and @entity14232 did not change significantly, as evidenced by real-time RT PCR (all P>0.1), showing that these cells were not dependent on the transgenes for maintaining their pluripotency characteristics. Currently, we are investigating the ability of the miPSC from the CAG group to differentiate in vivo by producing @entity44 and chimeras. The results from our preliminary investigations suggest that porcine transcription factors can be used for production of miPSC and that the silencing of the reprogramming transcription factors in miPSC is promoter-dependent, but may not be absolutely necessary for complete reprogramming to pluripotency.

title: 337 promoter-dependent silencing of reprogramming transcription factors in XXXX induced pluripotent stem cells produced with sleeping beauty transposon vectors.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['l-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Abstract Context: Smoke @entity130 is the main cause of fatalities for fire victims. Understanding in the pathophysiology of the injury has not been fully explored in recent years. To further explore the pathophysiological mechanism, a dynamic and controllable animal model is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity35 model of @entity9927 to simulate @entity1 victims in air-restricted vehicle cabin fires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smoke concentration, including CO, O2, VOCs and smoke temperature under different combustion conditions, were detected. Levels of COHb, respiratory function, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and protein concentration in BALF and blood were measured. Pathological evaluations of lung in tissues were conducted at 1, 6, 24 and 48   h post-exposure. RESULTS: Smoke concentration rose with the increase of combustion temperature and decrease of @entity26 flow. Further, 215 kinds of VOCs in the smoke were detected, and the concentrations of @entity7935 , @entity71769 , @entity18008 , @entity36453 , @entity71770 and @entity71771 was 32.93, 402.06, 764.03, 113.73, 1006.61 and 89.28   mg/m(3), respectively. Significant @entity519 and @entity4968 occurred in @entity35 . The FCOHb after exposure for 14   min immediately rose to (44.2        12.3) % and then gradually decrease to a normal level at 300   min post-exposure. At 24   h post-exposure, Penh increased significantly (p   <   0.05), and high pulmonary vascular permeability and significant @entity4 (p   <   0.05) were observed in the smoke inhalation group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In summary, the novel @entity35 model of @entity9927 system used in the study is dynamic and controllable, and appropriate for use in @entity9927 studies of air-restricted cabins in vehicles.

title: A dynamic smoke generation and nose-only inhalation exposure system for XXXX : preliminary results from studies of selected transportation materials.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['CO poisoning']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['smoke inhalation injury']

entities_list: @entity71769 :: ('CHEBI:17578', 'Chemical') :: ['methylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity71771 :: ('CHEBI:38641', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity71770 :: ('CHEBI:27452', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylethylene']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation injury']

entities_list: @entity36453 :: ('CHEBI:27338', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylbenzene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that @entity695 ( @entity695 ) family members may play important roles in @entity1 @entity5 by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of @entity15702 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify @entity15702 expression. The association between @entity15702 and survival was evaluated in 245 @entity1 with @entity14 . We transfected an @entity15702 mimetic into @entity14 cells to explore the functional role of @entity15702 in vitro, based on a proliferation assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: In clinical samples of @entity14 , @entity15702 expression was significantly reduced in @entity5 tissues compared with normal mucosa (p  <  0.012). Multivariate survival analyses indicated that @entity15702 expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p  =  0.026), lymph node @entity3 (p  =  0.004), and pathological T classification (p  =  0.002). In a multivariate analysis of 5-year overall survival, we found a similar association between lymph node @entity3 , pathological T classification, venous invasion, and @entity15702 expression (p  =  0.013). In vitro, low Ki-67-positive staining showed that administration of the mimic- @entity15702 reduced proliferation of @entity14 cells. An @entity4404 apoptosis assay and flow cytometric analysis revealed that @entity15702 induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. Moreover, @entity15702 inhibited the expression of @entity2423 and @entity14107 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that @entity15702 may be a useful, novel, prognostic marker and may play important roles in regulating apoptosis and cell cycle in @entity14 .

title: MicroRNA-29b is a Novel Prognostic Marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: @entity4929 of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare @entity1126 mostly found in far eastern nations where hepatolithiasis and @entity281 are endemic. In western countries, it is very rare and the etiology is unknown. In this article, we report the first IPNB @entity1 we encountered in our clinic and a literature review. The @entity1 is a 38-year-old female with a history of @entity2877 who presented with @entity3883 . She was found to have a papillary mass at the junction of the right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct with six masses in the @entity409 . The immunophenotypic and histologic features of the @entity5 are consistent with IPNB, gastric subtype. The @entity1 had a partial hepatectomy and has been receiving palliative chemotherapy. In a search of PubMed database, we collected 354 IPNB @entity1 reported in 22 articles. In these @entity1 , 52.8% were from Japan and 27.7% were from western countries including the United States (11.0%). The age of the @entity1 ranged from 35 to 80 years old with an average of 64.6. Male/female ratio was 1.5. Macroscopically, 57.5% of the @entity5 were in the left lobe and 29.5% were in the right lobe. The average size of the @entity5 were 4.2 cm at the time of diagnosis. Histologically, pancreato-biliary subtype accounted for 41.8%, intestinal 28.0%, gastric 13.5% and oncocytic 16%. An invasive component is most often present in the pancreato-biliary and gastric subtypes. Despite recent advanced technologies, diagnosis of IPNB is still challenging, especially in western countries due to its rarity. Defined clinico-pathologic features are in demand for the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

title: XXXX of the bile ducts: A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal papillary neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['clonorchiasis infections']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['Intraductal papillary neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate both short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) and carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) for elderly @entity1 with severe and symptomatic @entity543 . METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials Register Centers, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched. After identifying relevant randomized controlled trials, methodological quality was assessed by using Cochrane tools of bias assessment. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan software, and subgroup analyses according to different follow-up periods were also conducted. RESULTS: Sixteen articles of nine randomized controlled trials containing 6,984 @entity1 were included. Compared with CEA, @entity2998 was associated with high risks of @entity64 during periprocedural 30 days (risk ratio [RR]=1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.88), 48 months (RR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70), and >48 months (RR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.34-2.31). There was no significant difference in the aspects of @entity204 , disabling @entity64 , or @entity204 at any time between the groups. For other periprocedural complications, @entity2998 decreased the risk of @entity583 (RR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.75), @entity129 (RR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.22) and @entity1410 (RR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.68) compared with CEA, while it increased the risk of @entity1168 or @entity551 (RR=8.45, 95% CI 2.91-24.58). CONCLUSION: Compared with CEA, @entity2998 reduced @entity1410 , periprocedural @entity583 , and @entity129 , while it was associated with higher risks of both short-term and long-term nondisabling @entity64 . And they seemed to be equivalent in other outcome measures. As regards to its minimal invasion, it should be applied only in specific @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and safety of stenting for elderly @entity1 with severe and symptomatic XXXX : a critical meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate both short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) and carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) for elderly @entity1 with severe and symptomatic @entity543 . METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials Register Centers, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched. After identifying relevant randomized controlled trials, methodological quality was assessed by using Cochrane tools of bias assessment. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan software, and subgroup analyses according to different follow-up periods were also conducted. RESULTS: Sixteen articles of nine randomized controlled trials containing 6,984 @entity1 were included. Compared with CEA, @entity2998 was associated with high risks of @entity64 during periprocedural 30 days (risk ratio [RR]=1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.88), 48 months (RR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70), and >48 months (RR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.34-2.31). There was no significant difference in the aspects of @entity204 , disabling @entity64 , or @entity204 at any time between the groups. For other periprocedural complications, @entity2998 decreased the risk of @entity583 (RR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.75), @entity129 (RR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.22) and @entity1410 (RR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.68) compared with CEA, while it increased the risk of @entity1168 or @entity551 (RR=8.45, 95% CI 2.91-24.58). CONCLUSION: Compared with CEA, @entity2998 reduced @entity1410 , periprocedural @entity583 , and @entity129 , while it was associated with higher risks of both short-term and long-term nondisabling @entity64 . And they seemed to be equivalent in other outcome measures. As regards to its minimal invasion, it should be applied only in specific @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and safety of stenting for elderly XXXX with severe and symptomatic @entity543 : a critical meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 islet amyloid polypeptide (h- @entity2532 ) is a peptide hormone that is synthesized and cosecreted with insulin from insulin-secreting pancreatic b-cells. Recently, h- @entity2532 was proposed to be the main component responsible for the cytotoxic pancreatic @entity527 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Since the causative factors of @entity2532 (or amylin) oligomer aggregation are not fully understood, this review will discuss the various forms of h- @entity2532 aggregation. Not all forms of @entity2532 aggregates trigger the destruction of b-cell function and loss of b-cell mass; however, toxic oligomers do trigger these events. Once these toxic oligomers form under abnormal metabolic conditions in @entity6 , they can lead to cell disruption by inducing cell membrane destabilization. In this review, the various factors that have been shown to induce toxic @entity2532 oligomer formation will be presented, as well as the potential mechanism of oligomer and fibril formation from pro-IAPPs. Initially, pro-IAPPs undergo enzymatic reactions to produce the @entity2532 monomers, which can then develop into oligomers and fibrils. By this mechanism, toxic oligomers could be generated by diverse pathway components. Thus, the interconnections between factors that influence @entity1423 (eg, absence of @entity16552 enzyme, deamidation, reduction of @entity1520 bonds, environmental factors in the cell, genetic mutations, @entity920 metal ions, and heparin) will be presented. Hence, this review will aid in understanding the fundamental causative factors contributing to @entity2532 oligomer formation and support studies for investigating novel @entity6 therapeutic approaches, such as the development of inhibitory agents for preventing oligomerization at the early stages of @entity6 pathology.

title: Causative factors for formation of toxic islet amyloid polypeptide oligomer in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) challenges affect respiratory muscle endurance in healthy individuals, which is considered to be an @entity650 ( @entity650 )-dependent mechanism. Whether nonpharmacological thermal therapies promote the endurance of loaded inspiratory muscles in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is unclear. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of two thermal interventions on endurance time (ET) and plasma @entity650 concentration following an IRB challenge. METHODS: This study was a randomized, parallel-group, unblinded clinical trial in a single-center setting. Forty-two @entity1 (aged 42-76 years) suffering from mild to severe @entity1030 participated in this study. Both groups completed 12 sessions of the @entity46139 ( @entity46139 ) (n=22) or leisure thermal activity (LTA) (n=19) in a thermal @entity11028 center in Italy. Pre- and postintervention spirometry, maximum inspiratory pressure, and plasma mediators were obtained and ET and endurance @entity26 expenditure (VO2Endur) were measured following IRB challenge at 40% of maximum inspiratory pressure. RESULTS: There was no difference in   @entity650 between the intervention groups. But, IRB challenge increased cytokine @entity650 plasma levels systematically. The effect size was small. A statistically significant treatment by IRB challenge effect existed in ET, which significantly increased in the @entity46139 group (P=0.003). In analysis of covariance treatment by IRB challenge analysis with LnVO2Endur as the dependent variable,   @entity650 after intervention predicted LnVO2Endur in the @entity46139 group, but not in the LTA group. Adverse events occurred in two individuals in the @entity46139 group, but they were mainly transient. One @entity1 in the LTA group dropped out. CONCLUSION: @entity46139 model improves ET upon a moderate IRB challenge, indicating the occurrence of a training effect. The LnVO2Endur/  @entity650 suggests a physiologic adaptive mechanism in respiratory muscles of @entity1030 @entity1 allocated to treatment. Both thermal interventions are safe.

title: Medicinal clays improve the endurance of loaded inspiratory muscles in XXXX : a randomized clinical trial of nonpharmacological treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity46139 :: ('MESH:C531728', 'Disease') :: ['mud bath therapy', 'MBT']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is an acceptable method of evaluating groin lymph nodes in @entity1 with @entity5 . The purpose of this study is to assess the cost and effectiveness of @entity1600 compared to universal inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (LND) for @entity5 . METHODS: A modified Markov decision model was generated to compare two surgical approaches for newly diagnosed, @entity5 : (1) radical vulvectomy+LND and (2) radical vulvectomy+ @entity1600 . Published data were used to estimate survival outcomes, probability of positive lymph nodes and @entity4269 . Costs of surgery and radiation and @entity4269 therapies were estimated from published data. @entity4269 's effect on quality of life (QOL) was extrapolated from other disease sites and assigned a utility score of 0.84. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: @entity1600 was less costly ( 13,449 versus  14,261) and more effective (4.16 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) versus 4.00 QALYs) than LND. The model was sensitive to the impact of @entity4269 on QOL. Unless the impact of @entity4269 on QOL was minimal (utility score>0.975) @entity1600 dominated LND. Variations in the rate of positive @entity1600 and probability of @entity4269 over clinically reasonable ranges did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1600 is a cost-effective strategy for the treatment of newly diagnosed @entity5 , mainly due to the impact of @entity4269 on QOL.

title: Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node dissection compared to complete lymphadenectomy in the management of XXXX : A cost-utility analysis.

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage vulvar cancer', 'vulvar cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage vulvar cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests that blue light can photo-inactivate some bacteria of clinical importance. Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that 470   nm light can suppress growth of two recalcitrant bacteria, @entity794 and @entity2491 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We plated 5   *   10(6) and 7   *   10(6) CFU/ml USA300 strain of @entity794 and 1   *   10(6) CFU/ml of @entity11621 serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg. Plates were irradiated with 55, 110, 165 and 220   J/cm(2) of blue light, incubated at 37  C for 24 hours and colony counts determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, blue light irradiation produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in the number of colonies formed by each bacterial strain (P   <   0.001). Irradiation of 5   *   10(6) and 7   *   10(6) CFU/ml @entity794 with 55   J/cm(2) produced 92% (4.6   *   10(6) CFU/ml) and 86% (6   *   10(6) CFU/ml) inactivation respectively, while 110 and 220   J/cm(2) suppressed each @entity794 density 100%. Irradiation of @entity2491 with 55 and 110   J/cm(2) suppressed bacterial growth 31% (3.1   *   10(5) CFU/ml) and 93% (9.3   *   10(5) CFU/ml) respectively; while @entity2491 Heidelberg was inhibited 11% (1.1   *   10(5) CFU/ml) and 84% (8.4   *   10(5) CFU/ml) respectively by the two fluences. Complete inactivation of each @entity2491 strain was achieved using 165 or 220   J/cm(2) . CONCLUSION: The observed inhibition of Gram-positive ( @entity794 ) and Gram-negative ( @entity2491 ) bacteria suggests the versatility of blue light in bacteria eradication, making it a viable intervention strategy for decontamination of food and environments that harbor such bacteria. Lasers Surg. Med.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Blue 470   nm light suppresses the growth of @entity11621 and methicillin-resistant XXXX ( @entity794 ) in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium', 'Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests that blue light can photo-inactivate some bacteria of clinical importance. Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that 470   nm light can suppress growth of two recalcitrant bacteria, @entity794 and @entity2491 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We plated 5   *   10(6) and 7   *   10(6) CFU/ml USA300 strain of @entity794 and 1   *   10(6) CFU/ml of @entity11621 serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg. Plates were irradiated with 55, 110, 165 and 220   J/cm(2) of blue light, incubated at 37  C for 24 hours and colony counts determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, blue light irradiation produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in the number of colonies formed by each bacterial strain (P   <   0.001). Irradiation of 5   *   10(6) and 7   *   10(6) CFU/ml @entity794 with 55   J/cm(2) produced 92% (4.6   *   10(6) CFU/ml) and 86% (6   *   10(6) CFU/ml) inactivation respectively, while 110 and 220   J/cm(2) suppressed each @entity794 density 100%. Irradiation of @entity2491 with 55 and 110   J/cm(2) suppressed bacterial growth 31% (3.1   *   10(5) CFU/ml) and 93% (9.3   *   10(5) CFU/ml) respectively; while @entity2491 Heidelberg was inhibited 11% (1.1   *   10(5) CFU/ml) and 84% (8.4   *   10(5) CFU/ml) respectively by the two fluences. Complete inactivation of each @entity2491 strain was achieved using 165 or 220   J/cm(2) . CONCLUSION: The observed inhibition of Gram-positive ( @entity794 ) and Gram-negative ( @entity2491 ) bacteria suggests the versatility of blue light in bacteria eradication, making it a viable intervention strategy for decontamination of food and environments that harbor such bacteria. Lasers Surg. Med.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Blue 470   nm light suppresses the growth of @entity11621 and methicillin-resistant @entity794 ( XXXX ) in vitro.

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['MRSA']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests that blue light can photo-inactivate some bacteria of clinical importance. Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that 470   nm light can suppress growth of two recalcitrant bacteria, @entity794 and @entity2491 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We plated 5   *   10(6) and 7   *   10(6) CFU/ml USA300 strain of @entity794 and 1   *   10(6) CFU/ml of @entity11621 serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg. Plates were irradiated with 55, 110, 165 and 220   J/cm(2) of blue light, incubated at 37  C for 24 hours and colony counts determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, blue light irradiation produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in the number of colonies formed by each bacterial strain (P   <   0.001). Irradiation of 5   *   10(6) and 7   *   10(6) CFU/ml @entity794 with 55   J/cm(2) produced 92% (4.6   *   10(6) CFU/ml) and 86% (6   *   10(6) CFU/ml) inactivation respectively, while 110 and 220   J/cm(2) suppressed each @entity794 density 100%. Irradiation of @entity2491 with 55 and 110   J/cm(2) suppressed bacterial growth 31% (3.1   *   10(5) CFU/ml) and 93% (9.3   *   10(5) CFU/ml) respectively; while @entity2491 Heidelberg was inhibited 11% (1.1   *   10(5) CFU/ml) and 84% (8.4   *   10(5) CFU/ml) respectively by the two fluences. Complete inactivation of each @entity2491 strain was achieved using 165 or 220   J/cm(2) . CONCLUSION: The observed inhibition of Gram-positive ( @entity794 ) and Gram-negative ( @entity2491 ) bacteria suggests the versatility of blue light in bacteria eradication, making it a viable intervention strategy for decontamination of food and environments that harbor such bacteria. Lasers Surg. Med.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Blue 470   nm light suppresses the growth of XXXX and methicillin-resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) in vitro.

answer: @entity11621 :: (28901,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Salt-induced elevation of the endogenous digitalis like @entity1372 pump ligand @entity36454 ( @entity7584 ) in the Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 resulted in elevated blood pressure (BP). Here, we tested, in @entity1 , whether @entity7584 levels are related to ambulatory 24-h BP (ABP), controlled long-term increase of salt-intake induces changes in @entity7584 and any salt-induced change in @entity7584 is related to salt sensitivity. METHODS:: Thirty-nine healthy individuals (53  11 years old; 20 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) had a total daily @entity1219 intake of 50mmol (low-salt) and 150mmol (high-salt) for 4 weeks each, in a random order. ABP and @entity7584 in plasma and urine were measured at baseline (unstandardized salt intake) and after high and low-salt intake. RESULTS:: At baseline, plasma @entity7584 (P- @entity7584 ) was related to 24-h SBP (r=0.43, P=0.007) and DBP (r=0.32, P=0.047), whereas 24-h urinary excretion of @entity7584 (UE- @entity7584 ) was related to 24-h DBP only (r=0.42, P=0.008). Sex-specific analyses revealed that these relationships were significant in @entity1 only. Compared with low-salt, high-salt diet increased P- @entity7584 (P=0.029), mainly driven by results in @entity1 . Male P- @entity7584 responders vs. nonresponders (above vs. below median of high-salt induced P- @entity7584 increase) had markedly enhanced SBP (10.4  6.4 vs. 1.0  6.0mmHg; P=0.003) and DBP (6.7  5.0 vs. -0.6  3.6mmHg; P=0.001) salt sensitivity. CONCLUSION:: In @entity1 , @entity7584 increases with 24-h ABP, and similar to Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 , 4 weeks of high-salt induced @entity7584 response is accompanied by marked salt sensitivity. However, these patterns seem to be sex-specific and are not observed in @entity1 .

title: Plasma level of the endogenous XXXX pump ligand marinobufagenin is related to the salt-sensitivity in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity36454 :: ('MESH:C093896', 'Chemical') :: ['marinobufagenin']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Salt-induced elevation of the endogenous digitalis like @entity1372 pump ligand @entity36454 ( @entity7584 ) in the Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 resulted in elevated blood pressure (BP). Here, we tested, in @entity1 , whether @entity7584 levels are related to ambulatory 24-h BP (ABP), controlled long-term increase of salt-intake induces changes in @entity7584 and any salt-induced change in @entity7584 is related to salt sensitivity. METHODS:: Thirty-nine healthy individuals (53  11 years old; 20 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) had a total daily @entity1219 intake of 50mmol (low-salt) and 150mmol (high-salt) for 4 weeks each, in a random order. ABP and @entity7584 in plasma and urine were measured at baseline (unstandardized salt intake) and after high and low-salt intake. RESULTS:: At baseline, plasma @entity7584 (P- @entity7584 ) was related to 24-h SBP (r=0.43, P=0.007) and DBP (r=0.32, P=0.047), whereas 24-h urinary excretion of @entity7584 (UE- @entity7584 ) was related to 24-h DBP only (r=0.42, P=0.008). Sex-specific analyses revealed that these relationships were significant in @entity1 only. Compared with low-salt, high-salt diet increased P- @entity7584 (P=0.029), mainly driven by results in @entity1 . Male P- @entity7584 responders vs. nonresponders (above vs. below median of high-salt induced P- @entity7584 increase) had markedly enhanced SBP (10.4  6.4 vs. 1.0  6.0mmHg; P=0.003) and DBP (6.7  5.0 vs. -0.6  3.6mmHg; P=0.001) salt sensitivity. CONCLUSION:: In @entity1 , @entity7584 increases with 24-h ABP, and similar to Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 , 4 weeks of high-salt induced @entity7584 response is accompanied by marked salt sensitivity. However, these patterns seem to be sex-specific and are not observed in @entity1 .

title: Plasma level of the endogenous @entity1372 pump ligand marinobufagenin is related to the salt-sensitivity in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity75 are one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity. They can cause severe @entity158 , and there is no definite treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Zataria multiflora (ZM, a thyme-like plant) essential oil for the control and treatment of @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Triple blind clinical trial study was performed on 28 @entity1 who were divided into two groups (eight @entity1 and six @entity1 in each group) and given ZM or placebo (control). The healing time, @entity158 intensity, and aphthous zone diameter were recorded for each @entity1 and followed for 6-month. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: After 6-month of follow-up, 4 @entity1 in the placebo group and 6 @entity1 in the ZM group suffered from recurrent @entity75 . The average complete healing time and duration of burning sensation were significantly lower in the ZM group (P < 0.05). Significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to the diameter of lesions and halo of the lesions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, ZM shortened the healing period compared to placebo.

title: Therapeutic effects of Zataria Multiflora essential oil on recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Aphthous lesions', 'aphthous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['oral aphthous lesion']


abstract: In the period of 1966-1975 the authors treated 228 @entity1 with a @entity174 of diaphysis of humerus, 103 of whom underwent surgery; in 36 of them a paralysis of the radial nerve occurred. These 36 @entity1 were divided into two groups: primary lesions (22 cases) which were discovered during hospitalization, and secondary lesions which occurred in postoperative course. The aim of clinical research with the @entity75 (respectively 22 @entity1 ) was to ascertain which method would have the best effect. In 77,2% of these @entity1 , a radial nerve was not interrupted, while in 13.6% its continuity was partially preserved, and only in 9.09% a complete interruption occurred. Complete recovery of the nerve was in 50% of @entity1 , 22.7% had a small conduction deficit, while its paralysis was further present in 18.8% of cases. Accordingly to this, the authors attained an excellent and very good results in 59% of @entity1 , while in the remaining 41% of cases the results was satisfactory. It has been established that primary lesions of radial nerve has been occurring in 7.64% of cases (similar date do exist in reviewed reports), and in the majority of @entity1 a spontaneously recovery will occur in the course of 2-3 months. Therefore the authors are not for a primary exploration of n.radialis if it is a question of closed @entity174 . In rare cases with interruption of the radial nerve with extensive contusions of both simultaneously interrupted nervous stumps a primary suture is not indicated. Therefore an eventual surgical exploration to establish whether an interruption of the nerve exists, does not contribute to attain recovery.

title: [Humeral XXXX complicated by radial nerve lesions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analysis of radical fertility preserving surgery, oncogynaecological treatment including their pregnancy effort. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno. METHODS: The group of 13 @entity1 in age fifteen to thirty-six, who underwent radical fertility preserving surgery of oncogynecological @entity5 (cervix, ovarium), 9 @entity1 with @entity43 and 4 @entity1 with @entity189 . RESULTS: Histology showed seven times @entity43 , twice nonepithelial @entity43 , twice spinocelular @entity2622 , one @entity1962 . We reported lymphocele as the most often postoperative complication by five @entity1 with @entity43 , lymphoedema of lower limbs in one case and one of them complicated by bilateral @entity3041 . After surgery procedures of @entity2622 , there was a stenosis of cervical canal with postoperative correction. In one case there was provided vaginal revision of cervix followed by embolisation of uterine arteries because of heavy @entity548 in early postoperative period. After two years follow up, there are 12 @entity1 in remission. There were four @entity1 with fertlity plan, two with @entity43 , two with @entity2622 . The first group describes two pregnancies - one misscariage and one spontaneus labour in the date of delivery. There were 4 pregnancies in two @entity1 wit @entity2622 . One @entity1 has an intrapartal cesarean section because of scarring of the cervix after the operation. Next @entity1 has two labours in due date, three labours in 34-37th week of pregnancy and one misscariage in 23 week of pregnancy. One @entity1 has @entity43 during pregnancy, so the radical fertility preserving surgery was done after delivery. CONCLUSION: Methods and procedures of surgery with fertility preserving goals in our oncogynecological centre are in concordance with actual knowledge of medicine and respect oncological safety of @entity1 with @entity5 , who currently wish for fertility preserving treatment. Presented group of @entity1 is relatively small, but results of oncological treatment and fertility plan demonstrate rightfulness of this tretament.

title: [Radical fertility preserving surgery of gynaecological XXXX - five-year-old file].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarial carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarial cancer', 'ovarial epithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of cervix']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous and one lymfoepithelioma like carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Outcome after @entity130 has typically been limited to determination at time of discharge or brief follow-up. This study investigates the natural history of long-term survival after @entity130 . METHODS: All highest level activation @entity1 prospectively enrolled in an on-going cohort study from 2005-2012 were selected. To allow for long-term follow-up, @entity1 had to be enrolled at least 1 year prior to the latest available data from the National Death Index ( @entity3040 2013). Time and cause of mortality was determined based upon death certificates. Survival status was determined by the latest date of either care in our institution or @entity3040 query. Kaplan-Meier curves were created stratified for injury severity ( @entity2992 ). Survival was compared with estimated actuarial survival based on age, gender, and race. RESULTS: 908 highest level activation @entity1 (median @entity2992 18) were followed for a median 1.7 years (IQR 1.0 - 2.9; maximum 9.8 years). Survival data was available on 99.8%. Overall survival was 73% (663/908). For those with at least 2 year follow-up, survival was only 62% (317/509). Severity of injury predicted long-term survival (p<.0001) with those having @entity2992 >=25 with the poorest outcome (57% survival at 5 years). For all @entity2992 groups, survival was worse than predicted actuarial survival [p<0.001]. Excluding early @entity204 (<=30 days), observed survival was still significantly lower than estimated actuarial survival [p<0.002]. 18% (44/245 @entity204 ) of all @entity204 occurred after 30 days. Amongst late @entity204 , 53% occurred between 31 days to 1 year post @entity130 . @entity130 related mortality was the leading cause of post-discharge death accounting for 43% of the late @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Post-discharge @entity204 represent a significant percentage of total @entity130 related mortality. Despite having 'survived' to leave the hospital, long term survival was worse than predicted actuarial survival suggesting that the mortality from injury does not end at 'successful' hospital discharge. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3, prognostic.

title: Discovering the truth about life after discharge: Long-term XXXX related mortality.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1542 sensu stricto (s.s.), Anisakis pegreffii, Anisakis berlandi (=A. simplex sp. C), and Anisakis typica are the 4 major species of Anisakis type I larvae. In the Republic of Korea (Korea), A. pegreffii, A. berlandi, and A. typica larvae in fish hosts has seldom been documented. In this study, molecular analysis was performed on Anisakis larvae from the sea eels ( @entity17371 ), the major source of @entity1 anisakiasis in Korea, collected from Tongyeong City, a southern coastal area of Korea. All 20 sea eels examined were infected with Anisakis type I larvae (160 larvae; 8 per fish). Their species were analyzed using PCR-RFLP patterns and @entity4334 sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS1, 5.8 subunit gene, and ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome @entity71772 ( @entity71772 ). Most (86.8%; 112/129) of the Anisakis type I larvae were A. pegreffii, and 7.8% (10/129) were A. typica. The remaining 5.4% (7/129) was not identified. Thus, A. pegreffii is the major species of anisakid larvae in sea eels of the southern coast of Korea.

title: Anisakis pegreffii Larvae in Sea Eels ( XXXX ) from the South Sea, Republic of Korea.

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity17371 :: ('7943', 'Species') :: ['Astroconger myriaster']

answer: @entity17371 :: (7943,Species) :: ['Astroconger myriaster']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recently, transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been introduced, but one of its complications is @entity714 ( @entity714 ), a conduction disturbance that has been associated with increased mortality. We investigated the incidence and fate of both @entity714 ( @entity714 ) and @entity714 after aortic valve replacement (AVR) using a retrospective analysis. We also studied the predictive @entity74 for all-cause mortality. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent AVR, with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, between 2002 and 2010 in our centre were included. All-cause mortality was compared between @entity1 who did and those who did not develop persistent @entity5036 (BBB) within 7 days postoperatively. @entity1 were not eligible if one of their electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings prior to AVR showed a BBB or pacemaker activity. A postoperative period of 3-12 months was used to collect follow-up ECGs. RESULTS: Of the 2279 AVR @entity1 , 2033 @entity1 were eligible for analysis. After excluding @entity1 lacking baseline or follow-up ECG (n = 269), 1764 @entity1 remained for analysis. Early @entity714 and @entity714 occurred in 71 (4.0%) and 92 (5.2%) @entity1 , respectively. At follow-up, @entity714 was persistent in 29 @entity1 (1.6%) and @entity714 in 74 @entity1 (4.2%). During a median follow-up of 4.5 (2.4-6.5) years, the mortality rate was 16.3% (n = 271) in @entity1 without BBB, 24.1% (n = 7) in @entity1 with persistent @entity714 and 18.9% (n = 14) in @entity1 with persistent @entity714 (log-rank P = 0.49). Though, in univariate analysis, the hazard ratio for mortality was 1.54 and 1.10 for @entity714 and @entity714 , respectively, the small numbers precluded identifying AVR-induced @entity714 and @entity714 as a predictor of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In the current practice of AVR, persistent postoperative @entity714 and @entity714 occur infrequently (   5% of cases), a percentage less than half of that in current transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures. Given the adverse effects of @entity714 , the lower prevalence of procedure-induced @entity714 in AVR should be taken into account while deciding which valve replacement procedure is chosen for a @entity1 .

title: Frequency and prognosis of XXXX induced by surgical aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['new bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['value of both disorders']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['new bundle branch block']


abstract: CONTEXT: Risk prediction in @entity1443 ( @entity1443 , or @entity1443 ) poisoning treated with @entity898 helps guide initial @entity1 management and disposition. The @entity1443 -aminotransferase multiplication product may be a useful and less time-sensitive risk predictor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate this multiplication product in an independent cohort of @entity1 with @entity1443 @entity1445 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an existing toxicology dataset of poisoned @entity1 from two large inner-city United Kingdom teaching hospitals, we retrospectively identified by electronic search all @entity1443 @entity1445 from February 2005 to March 2013. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the multiplication product (serum @entity1443 concentration * @entity3929 transaminase [ALT] activity), especially at the pre-specified cut-off points of 1 500 mg/L * IU/L (10 000 micromol/L * IU/L) and 10 000 mg/L * IU/L (66 000 micromol/L * IU/L). The primary outcome was hepatotoxicity defined by a peak ALT > 1000 IU/L. RESULTS: Of 3823 total @entity1443 @entity1445 presentations, there were 2743 acute single, 452 delayed single (> 24 h post @entity1445 ), 426 staggered (ingestion over > 1 h), and 202 supratherapeutic ingestions. Altogether, 34 @entity1 developed hepatotoxicity. Among the acute single-ingestion @entity1 , a multiplication product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L had a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44%, 96%) and specificity of 99.6% [99.3%, 99.8%], while a product > 1 500 mg/L * IU/L had a sensitivity of 100% [66%, 100%] and specificity of 92% [91%, 93%]. Overall, 16 @entity1 with a multiplication product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L developed hepatotoxicity (likelihood ratio: 250, 95% CI: 130, 480), and 4 @entity1 with a multiplication product between 1 500 and 10 000 (likelihood ratio: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 6.0). No @entity1 with a product < 1 500 mg/L * IU/L who received @entity898 developed hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of ingestion type, a product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L was associated with a very high likelihood, and < 1 500 mg/L * IU/L with a very low likelihood, of developing hepatotoxicity in @entity1 treated with @entity898 .

title: External validation of the XXXX -aminotransferase multiplication product to predict hepatotoxicity from @entity1443 @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol', 'acetaminophen', 'APAP']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: CONTEXT: Risk prediction in @entity1443 ( @entity1443 , or @entity1443 ) poisoning treated with @entity898 helps guide initial @entity1 management and disposition. The @entity1443 -aminotransferase multiplication product may be a useful and less time-sensitive risk predictor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate this multiplication product in an independent cohort of @entity1 with @entity1443 @entity1445 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an existing toxicology dataset of poisoned @entity1 from two large inner-city United Kingdom teaching hospitals, we retrospectively identified by electronic search all @entity1443 @entity1445 from February 2005 to March 2013. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the multiplication product (serum @entity1443 concentration * @entity3929 transaminase [ALT] activity), especially at the pre-specified cut-off points of 1 500 mg/L * IU/L (10 000 micromol/L * IU/L) and 10 000 mg/L * IU/L (66 000 micromol/L * IU/L). The primary outcome was hepatotoxicity defined by a peak ALT > 1000 IU/L. RESULTS: Of 3823 total @entity1443 @entity1445 presentations, there were 2743 acute single, 452 delayed single (> 24 h post @entity1445 ), 426 staggered (ingestion over > 1 h), and 202 supratherapeutic ingestions. Altogether, 34 @entity1 developed hepatotoxicity. Among the acute single-ingestion @entity1 , a multiplication product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L had a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44%, 96%) and specificity of 99.6% [99.3%, 99.8%], while a product > 1 500 mg/L * IU/L had a sensitivity of 100% [66%, 100%] and specificity of 92% [91%, 93%]. Overall, 16 @entity1 with a multiplication product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L developed hepatotoxicity (likelihood ratio: 250, 95% CI: 130, 480), and 4 @entity1 with a multiplication product between 1 500 and 10 000 (likelihood ratio: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 6.0). No @entity1 with a product < 1 500 mg/L * IU/L who received @entity898 developed hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of ingestion type, a product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L was associated with a very high likelihood, and < 1 500 mg/L * IU/L with a very low likelihood, of developing hepatotoxicity in @entity1 treated with @entity898 .

title: External validation of the @entity1443 -aminotransferase multiplication product to predict hepatotoxicity from XXXX @entity1445 .

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: CONTEXT: Risk prediction in @entity1443 ( @entity1443 , or @entity1443 ) poisoning treated with @entity898 helps guide initial @entity1 management and disposition. The @entity1443 -aminotransferase multiplication product may be a useful and less time-sensitive risk predictor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate this multiplication product in an independent cohort of @entity1 with @entity1443 @entity1445 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an existing toxicology dataset of poisoned @entity1 from two large inner-city United Kingdom teaching hospitals, we retrospectively identified by electronic search all @entity1443 @entity1445 from February 2005 to March 2013. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the multiplication product (serum @entity1443 concentration * @entity3929 transaminase [ALT] activity), especially at the pre-specified cut-off points of 1 500 mg/L * IU/L (10 000 micromol/L * IU/L) and 10 000 mg/L * IU/L (66 000 micromol/L * IU/L). The primary outcome was hepatotoxicity defined by a peak ALT > 1000 IU/L. RESULTS: Of 3823 total @entity1443 @entity1445 presentations, there were 2743 acute single, 452 delayed single (> 24 h post @entity1445 ), 426 staggered (ingestion over > 1 h), and 202 supratherapeutic ingestions. Altogether, 34 @entity1 developed hepatotoxicity. Among the acute single-ingestion @entity1 , a multiplication product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L had a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44%, 96%) and specificity of 99.6% [99.3%, 99.8%], while a product > 1 500 mg/L * IU/L had a sensitivity of 100% [66%, 100%] and specificity of 92% [91%, 93%]. Overall, 16 @entity1 with a multiplication product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L developed hepatotoxicity (likelihood ratio: 250, 95% CI: 130, 480), and 4 @entity1 with a multiplication product between 1 500 and 10 000 (likelihood ratio: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 6.0). No @entity1 with a product < 1 500 mg/L * IU/L who received @entity898 developed hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of ingestion type, a product > 10 000 mg/L * IU/L was associated with a very high likelihood, and < 1 500 mg/L * IU/L with a very low likelihood, of developing hepatotoxicity in @entity1 treated with @entity898 .

title: External validation of the @entity1443 -aminotransferase multiplication product to predict hepatotoxicity from @entity1443 XXXX .

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National safety guidelines were developed to minimize the occurrence of serious @entity137 ( @entity137 ) associated with the use of the @entity3575 transdermal system (FTS), however, reports of use in opioid-na  ve @entity1 for treatment of acute @entity158 and associated @entity137 continue to occur. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prescribing patterns of the FTS for adherence to recent US regulatory recommendations and identify the impact of @entity283 ( @entity283 ) on adherence rates. METHODS: A retrospective pre- and postintervention analysis was performed in hospitalized adult @entity1 receiving FTS. Electronic medication order instructions and text questions were incorporated into FTS electronic medication orders. The primary outcome measure was adherence of FTS medication orders to regulatory guidelines defined as (a) a new order in an opioid-tolerant @entity1 for use in moderate to severe @entity1118 or (b) continuation of the documented home dose in use for at least 7 days. Safety measures included respiratory rate and documented @entity137 . RESULTS: Adherence rates were significantly increased in the postintervention cohort as compared to the preintervention cohort (48.7% vs 85.0%; P < .0001). Incidence of @entity137 was significantly lower post intervention (34.7% vs 23.3%; P = .043), including a lower incidence of @entity1576 (16.7% vs 8.3%; P = .043). Documentation was increased in the postintervention cohort (76% vs 100%). However, supporting documentation confirmed responses in only 59.2% of records reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of @entity283 via electronic order text questions increased overall adherence rates to regulatory recommendations, increased documentation, and decreased the rate of associated @entity137 .

title: Inpatient prescribing and monitoring of XXXX transdermal systems: adherence to safety regulations.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug events', 'ADEs']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'health information technology']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous techniques have been reported for preparing and sterilizing amniotic membrane (AM) for use in clinical applications. However, these preparations either do not produce completely sterile tissue or are detrimental to molecules unique to the tissue matrix, thus compromising beneficial wound-healing properties of the AM graft. The objective of this work was to produce a sterile @entity1 AM tissue graft using a novel preparation technique involving supercritical @entity544 (SCCO2). AM tissue was subjected to various sterilization treatment groups that optimized the duration of exposure to SCCO2 and the amount of @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) required to achieve a sterility assurance level of 10(-6) log reduction in bacterial load. Effects of sterilization treatment on the histological, biophysical, and biochemical properties of the sterile AM were evaluated and compared with those of native AM tissue. Exposure of the AM tissue to combined SCCO2 and @entity3880 sterilization treatment did not significantly alter tissue architecture, the amounts of pertinent extracellular matrix proteins (type IV collagen, glycosaminoglycans, @entity2362 ) present in the tissue, or the biophysical properties of the tissue. AMs treated with SCCO2 were also found to be excellent substrates for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) attachment and proliferation in vitro. @entity1 ASCs, attached to all treatment groups after 24   h of culture and continued to proliferate over the next few days. The current study's results indicate that SCCO2 can be used to sterilize AM tissue grafts while simultaneously preserving their biological attributes. The preservation of these features make AM appealing for use in numerous clinical and tissue engineering applications.

title: Development of a Sterile Amniotic Membrane Tissue Graft Using Supercritical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3879 :: ('MESH:D010463', 'Chemical') :: ['peracetic acid']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['Carbon Dioxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. It participates in the assembly of a bipolar spindle that ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Recently, mutations in centrosome genes have been identified in @entity1 affected by neurodevelopmental disorders. In fact, the etiology of several neurodevelopmental pathologies seems to be linked to defects in the assembly of the mitotic spindle in the neural stem cell compartment during neurogenesis. Therefore, getting better insights into the structure and function/dysfunction of the mitotic spindle apparatus in an intact tissue environment is of utmost importance. However, imaging nanometer-scale structures like centrosomes and microtubule bundles within the depth of a tissue is still challenging. Here we describe two procedures to acquire high-resolution images on fixed tissues and to perform live imaging of microtubule-based structures in the neuroepithelia of the @entity238 brain and of the @entity19 neocortex. We take advantage of the accumulation of centrosomes and mitotic figures at the apical surface of these polarized tissues to improve the quality of staining and imaging. Both @entity238 and @entity19 models with centrosome dysfunction showed abnormalities in the neuroepithelium reminiscent of the ones described in brains of @entity1 @entity1 . These observations have highlighted their value as model organisms to study the etiology of @entity1 neurodevelopmental pathologies.

title: New insights into centrosome imaging in XXXX and @entity19 neuroepithelial tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. It participates in the assembly of a bipolar spindle that ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Recently, mutations in centrosome genes have been identified in @entity1 affected by neurodevelopmental disorders. In fact, the etiology of several neurodevelopmental pathologies seems to be linked to defects in the assembly of the mitotic spindle in the neural stem cell compartment during neurogenesis. Therefore, getting better insights into the structure and function/dysfunction of the mitotic spindle apparatus in an intact tissue environment is of utmost importance. However, imaging nanometer-scale structures like centrosomes and microtubule bundles within the depth of a tissue is still challenging. Here we describe two procedures to acquire high-resolution images on fixed tissues and to perform live imaging of microtubule-based structures in the neuroepithelia of the @entity238 brain and of the @entity19 neocortex. We take advantage of the accumulation of centrosomes and mitotic figures at the apical surface of these polarized tissues to improve the quality of staining and imaging. Both @entity238 and @entity19 models with centrosome dysfunction showed abnormalities in the neuroepithelium reminiscent of the ones described in brains of @entity1 @entity1 . These observations have highlighted their value as model organisms to study the etiology of @entity1 neurodevelopmental pathologies.

title: New insights into centrosome imaging in @entity238 and XXXX neuroepithelial tissues.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Dutch Shoulder @entity158 and Disability Index (SPADI-D). BACKGROUND: The SPADI is recommended and frequently used. However, the validity and reliability of the SPADI-D are unknown. METHODS: The study population consisted of @entity1 consulting a physical therapist for shoulder @entity158 . We assessed construct validity, using known groups, convergent validity (SDQ) and divergent validity (EQ5D) for which the mean difference or Spearman correlations coefficients were calculated. The factor structure was assessed using principal component factor analysis, and we calculated Cronbach's alpha and the ICC to assess the reliability. RESULTS: A total of 356 @entity1 and a randomly selected group of 74 subjects for the reliability analysis were included. There was a significant difference between extreme groups (a high/low level of @entity158 and work absence/presence) in SPADI score. The correlation between the SPADI and the SDQ was 0.69, with the EQ5D mobility-item 0.25 and with the depression-item 0.14. The SPADI consisted of one factor according to principal component factor analysis, which showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha  =  0.94 for the total score), and the test-retest reliability was good (ICC  =  0.89). CONCLUSION: The Dutch SPADI is a valid and reliable questionnaire for @entity1 in primary care in assessing functional disability.

title: The Dutch Shoulder XXXX and Disability Index (SPADI): a reliability and validation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: The effect of changes in extracellular volume versus changes in plasma osmolality on @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) release was studied in 6 @entity1 with @entity177 maintained on chronic hemodialysis. The day of the study, the @entity1 were treated by sequential ultrafiltration lasting 1 hour followed by a 3-hour conventional hemodialysis session. The ultrafiltration resulted in the removal of 460 to 1,170 ml (mean = 860 ml) of volume. Body weight during the combined procedures fell by 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg (mean +/- s.e.m.) while mean arterial pressure decreased only slightly. Plasma osmolality was unaffected by sequential ultrafiltration, but decreased from 313 +/- 4 mosm/kg @entity2507 to 291 +/- 4 mosm/kg @entity2507 during hemodialysis. Initial plasma @entity1831 concentration was high at 4.45 +/- 0.25 pg/ml and remained unchanged during the sequential ultrafiltration at 4.55 +/- 0.37 pg/ml, but it fell during the hemodialysis to 2.47 +/- 0.45 pg/ml. A @entity551 episode observed in one @entity1 towards the end of hemodialysis resulted in a sharp increase in plasma @entity1831 concentration from 5.5 to 18 pg/ml. During the combined procedures, plasma @entity1831 and plasma osmolality showed a close and linear correlation (r = 0.63, n = 23, p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that in @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis, changes in plasma osmolality play a predominant role in determining @entity1831 secretion whereas a marked decrease in volume without ensuing @entity551 has no effect on @entity1831 release.

title: Response of plasma vasopressin to changes in extracellular volume and/or plasma osmolality in XXXX on maintenance hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['terminal renal failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In 14 adult @entity1 with @entity2685 , shoulder arthrodesis was completed in a position of 30 degrees abduction, 30 degrees flexion, and 30 degrees internal rotation. Abduction was measured by the position of the arm in relation to the side of the body with the scapula in the anatomic position. Internal fixation was used in each case. Six @entity1 had had Steindler procedures. Three @entity1 with complete @entity912 were treated by above-elbow amputation. All shoulders fused. Mean follow-up time was 32 months. All @entity1 noted that shoulder fusion had improved the function of their extremities. Minimum shoulder motion was 60 degrees abduction and 50 degrees flexion. Three procedures failed because of continued @entity158 that was not relieved by surgery. One @entity1 with an @entity1159 disliked the combination of shoulder and elbow flexion. Seven @entity1 required plate removal. Only one of the three @entity1 who had had above-elbow amputation became a good prosthetic user. Shoulder arthrodesis is a reliable procedure that improves function in adult @entity1 with @entity5300 .

title: Shoulder arthrodesis for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus palsy']


abstract: Ninety-eight reproductive tracts from @entity235 at different postpartum time periods were used to investigate stages of normal involution. Seventy-eight reproductive tracts were obtained from the field, and 20 obtained surgically for gross and microscopic examination. Plasma @entity1420 was measured in 22 @entity235 at various times postpartum. The uterine horns during the first week postpartum were dilated and @entity4 . The placental sites were 1.5-3 cm in width, rough, granular and covered with mucus and a few @entity4461 . By the fourth week the placental sites were thick, grayish-tan and nodular with a few @entity4461 within nodules. The uterine horns during the seventh week were greatly contracted and the placental sites were narrow and light in color. A few nodules were still present on the surface. By the ninth week the uterine horns were uniform in shape and contracted with a narrow lumen. The placental sites appeared as a narrow brown band. Histologically the placental sites during the first week postpartum were covered by an eosinophilic staining necrotic mass and a few intact epithelial cells scattered on the surface as an interrupted single layer. Under the necrotic mass, large eosinophilic staining cells in moderate number were scattered throughout the lamina propria of the placental site. These cells were considered to be decidual cells. By the fourth week the placental sites were covered by a large lobulated mass of collagen fibers. The uterine glands were greatly dilated and degenerate, and mononuclear cell infiltration in the lamina propria was pronounced. By the seventh week, large masses of collagen fibers were detached from the surface, and endometrial glands were normal in size and shape. By the ninth week surface sloughing was completed. However, regeneration and replacement of the endometrial lining from the mouth of the uterine glands continued until the end of the twelfth week when the involution process was completed. The @entity1420 levels were very low for eight weeks postpartum.

title: Normal postpartum involution of the uterus in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BackgroundFluralaner (Bravecto  ) is a novel systemic insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following a single administration at the minimum dose of 25  mg/kg body weight.MethodsThree negative controlled, randomized studies were conducted in @entity235 to evaluate the start to kill (1 study) and the speed of @entity11101 kill (2 studies) of fluralaner. All @entity235 were infested prior to treatment with unfed adult @entity24723 @entity11101 . @entity235 in the treated groups were administered once orally with fluralaner at a minimum dose of 25  mg/kg body weight, while @entity235 in the control groups were not treated. Separate control and treatment groups were paired at each time point of @entity11101 assessment. Flea counts were performed by combing @entity235 at either 0.5, 1, 2, or 4  hours after fluralaner treatment to measure the start to kill. To evaluate the speed of @entity11101 kill over 12  weeks, @entity11101 counts were performed by combing @entity235 at either 4, 8, 12, or 24  hours after fluralaner treatment and then at 4, 8, 12, or 24  hours after each @entity11101 performed at 4, 8, and 12  weeks following treatment.ResultsIn the start to kill study, the fluralaner activity against @entity11101 started already at 1  hour post-treatment (8% numerical efficacy). At 2 and 4  hours post-treatment, the @entity11101 reduction was significant with 36.7% and 88% efficacy, respectively.In the speed of kill studies, the efficacy against @entity11101 after fluralaner treatment was 80.5% at 4  hours and remained      99.4% at 8, 12 and 24  hours. After @entity11101 in weeks 4, 8 and 12, the efficacy at 4  hours was 96.8, 91.4, and 33.5%, respectively. Efficacy at 8, 12 and 24  hours after @entity11101 was 98.0-100% for the 12  weeks of the study. Except for 4  hours after the 12-week @entity11101 re-infestation, @entity11101 reduction was significant for all time points after @entity11101 re-infestation.ConclusionsSingle oral fluralaner administration rapidly eliminates existing @entity11101 and provides excellent protection against @entity11101 over 12  weeks following treatment.

title: Onset of activity of fluralaner (BRAVECTO  ) against Ctenocephalides felis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11101 :: ('MESH:D058267', 'Disease') :: ['flea re-infestations', 'flea', 'fleas', 'flea infestations']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of proliferative nodules(PNs) in @entity8205 (CMN). METHODS: Histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical study by EnVision method were carried out in 8 cases of PNs in CMN. The clinical information and follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: The age of @entity1 ranged from 1 to 54 years (mean 27.6 years). @entity5 were located on face (3 cases), on back (2 cases), upper extremities (2 cases) and lower extremities(1 case). Microscopically, PNs with expansile growth were observed in 8 cases of CMN. Melanocytes in PNs show variable pleomorphism with a mitotic activity of 0 to 4 per 10 high power fields. Blending of cells with adjacent CMN was noted in 6 cases. According to the morphology of melanocytes in PNs, it was classified into different types including large oval melanocytes (4 cases), small melanocytes (2 cases) and Spitz-nevus-like forms (2 cases). Immunohistochemically, melanocytes in PNs were consistent with those in adjacent CMN. They were diffusely positive for @entity4483 protein, but were either negative or focally positive for HMB45. Less than 5% of melanocytes were positive for Ki-67 in 8 cases of @entity6841 . Follow-up was available in all cases, ranging from 9 to 82 months. Seven @entity1 with excision of single @entity6841 in CMN were alive with no evidence of disease, while 1 @entity1 with multiple PNs in CMN was stable with disease after 62 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6841 is a rare @entity75 arising in CMN. Recognition of its specific histologic features can help to avoid being misdiagnosed as @entity320 . Long term follow-up should be recommended in @entity1 with PNs, especially in those with atypical histologic features. Further investigation is needed to elucidate its clinical behavior.

title: [Proliferative nodules in XXXX : a clinicopathological analysis of eight cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['congenital melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['congenital melanocytic nevi']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity1569 were treated with a modified Goeckerman regimen tailored to enhance @entity1 compliance. Treatment consisted of daily @entity7864 baths at bedtime, followed by the application of 0.05 percent @entity71773 ointment. @entity1 received increasing suberythemal dosages of short ultraviolet radiation (UVB) three times weekly at our outpatient phototherapy center. The duration of therapy ranged from three to twenty-eight weeks. The average number of phototherapy treatments was twenty-nine. Eight @entity1 had total clearing of their lesions. Of the remainder, seven had at least 75 percent clearing and one had less than 25 percent clearing of @entity1569 . One @entity1 with psoriatic @entity5658 experienced no improvement. Two @entity1 did not complete the study. There were no side effects encountered during treatment other than periodic excessive erythema. If the two @entity1 who did not complete the study are excluded from the results, 88 percent (fifteen of the remaining seventeen) had 75 percent or greater resolution of their psoriatic eruption and 47 percent (eight of seventeen) had total clearing. This outpatient modification of the Goeckerman regimen eliminates the use of cosmetically unacceptable topical agents during working hours, promotes @entity1 compliance, and presumably contributes to enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

title: XXXX ointment 0.05 percent in conjunction with UVB and tar in a modified outpatient Goeckerman regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['coal tar emulsion']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity71773 :: ('MESH:C014477', 'Chemical') :: ['diflorasone diacetate']

answer: @entity71773 :: (MESH:C014477,Chemical) :: ['Diflorasone diacetate']


abstract: The knowledge on PK behavior of @entity134 drugs such as @entity617 or @entity229 has indeed been expanding but at a rather slow pace. First, convenient, rapid, and specific determination of plasma levels of these @entity230 was largely indebted to the breakthrough of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Second, @entity617 is non-linearly protein-bound. Since unbound @entity617 is the biologically active compound, only the measurement of this free fraction in plasma is relevant. Third, the short half-life of @entity617 precludes to reach steady-state levels and requires determination of the area under the concentration-time curve. Fourth, @entity617 and @entity229 are mutually convertible. Intravenous @entity617 , however, is administered as a pro-drug @entity13507 , which renders comparison and interpretation of reported PK data of both agents unreliable. A poignant lack of awareness and knowledge regarding catabolism, clearance mechanisms, and elimination route of @entity230 fuels the ongoing controversy that surrounds adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in @entity1 with chronic or acute inflammatory disease. This particular @entity1 population is also more prone to develop early and significant @entity8 , necessitating extra-renal support. A better understanding of @entity134 PK/PD, preferentially guided by HPLC measurement of plasma @entity134 concentrations, likely will have direct clinical implications, for instance by adapting @entity134 doses in IHD or implementing higher dose regimens during CRRT.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: What Do We Know About XXXX Metabolism and 'PK/PD Approach' in AKI and CKD Especially While on RRT - Current Status in 2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroids']


abstract: The lateral habenula (LHb) regulates the activity of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem. This area has recently attracted a surge of interest in psychiatry because studies have reported the pathological activation of the habenula in @entity1 with @entity308 and in animal models. The LHb plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of @entity308 ; however, how habenular neurons are activated to cause various @entity308 symptoms, such as reduced motivation and @entity25 , remain unclear. We hypothesized that dysfunctional astrocytes may cause @entity2915 due to the defective uptake activity of extracellular @entity2227 , which induces @entity146 . We examined the activity of neurons in habenular pathways and performed behavioral and sleep analyses in @entity19 with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the activity of the glial @entity2227 transporter @entity15368 in the LHb. The habenula-specific inhibition of @entity15368 increased the neuronal firing rate and the level of @entity9830 expression in the LHb. @entity19 with reduced @entity15368 activity in the habenula exhibited a @entity308 -like phenotype in the tail suspension and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. These animals also displayed increased susceptibility to chronic stress, displaying more frequent avoidant behavior without affecting locomotor activity in the open-field test. Intriguingly, the @entity19 showed @entity11755 , which is a characteristic sleep pattern in @entity1 with @entity308 . These results provide evidence that disrupting @entity2227 clearance in habenular astrocytes increases neuronal excitability and @entity308 -like phenotypes in behaviors and sleep.

title: Glial dysfunction in the @entity19 habenula causes @entity146 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive-like behaviors']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['LHb hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['disinhibition of rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: The lateral habenula (LHb) regulates the activity of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem. This area has recently attracted a surge of interest in psychiatry because studies have reported the pathological activation of the habenula in @entity1 with @entity308 and in animal models. The LHb plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of @entity308 ; however, how habenular neurons are activated to cause various @entity308 symptoms, such as reduced motivation and @entity25 , remain unclear. We hypothesized that dysfunctional astrocytes may cause @entity2915 due to the defective uptake activity of extracellular @entity2227 , which induces @entity146 . We examined the activity of neurons in habenular pathways and performed behavioral and sleep analyses in @entity19 with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the activity of the glial @entity2227 transporter @entity15368 in the LHb. The habenula-specific inhibition of @entity15368 increased the neuronal firing rate and the level of @entity9830 expression in the LHb. @entity19 with reduced @entity15368 activity in the habenula exhibited a @entity308 -like phenotype in the tail suspension and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. These animals also displayed increased susceptibility to chronic stress, displaying more frequent avoidant behavior without affecting locomotor activity in the open-field test. Intriguingly, the @entity19 showed @entity11755 , which is a characteristic sleep pattern in @entity1 with @entity308 . These results provide evidence that disrupting @entity2227 clearance in habenular astrocytes increases neuronal excitability and @entity308 -like phenotypes in behaviors and sleep.

title: Glial dysfunction in the @entity19 habenula causes XXXX and @entity25 .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['depressive-like behaviors']


abstract: The lateral habenula (LHb) regulates the activity of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem. This area has recently attracted a surge of interest in psychiatry because studies have reported the pathological activation of the habenula in @entity1 with @entity308 and in animal models. The LHb plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of @entity308 ; however, how habenular neurons are activated to cause various @entity308 symptoms, such as reduced motivation and @entity25 , remain unclear. We hypothesized that dysfunctional astrocytes may cause @entity2915 due to the defective uptake activity of extracellular @entity2227 , which induces @entity146 . We examined the activity of neurons in habenular pathways and performed behavioral and sleep analyses in @entity19 with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the activity of the glial @entity2227 transporter @entity15368 in the LHb. The habenula-specific inhibition of @entity15368 increased the neuronal firing rate and the level of @entity9830 expression in the LHb. @entity19 with reduced @entity15368 activity in the habenula exhibited a @entity308 -like phenotype in the tail suspension and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. These animals also displayed increased susceptibility to chronic stress, displaying more frequent avoidant behavior without affecting locomotor activity in the open-field test. Intriguingly, the @entity19 showed @entity11755 , which is a characteristic sleep pattern in @entity1 with @entity308 . These results provide evidence that disrupting @entity2227 clearance in habenular astrocytes increases neuronal excitability and @entity308 -like phenotypes in behaviors and sleep.

title: Glial dysfunction in the XXXX habenula causes @entity146 and @entity25 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The establishment of social hierarchies is a naturally occurring, evolutionarily conserved phenomenon with a well-established impact on fitness and health. Investigations of complex social group dynamics may offer novel opportunities for translational studies of @entity72 . Here we describe a robust behavioral paradigm using an automated version of the tube test. Isogenic groups of male and female @entity19 establish linear social hierarchies that remain highly stable for at least 14 days, the longest interval tested. Remarkably, however, their social strategy is sex-specific: females primarily utilize intrinsic attributes, whereas males are strongly influenced by prior social experience. Using both genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we identify @entity251 as a critical sex-specific factor for determining which social strategy is used. Males inheriting a null mutation of the @entity11488 ( @entity11488 ) gene used a similar social cognitive strategy as females. In contrast, females with transgenic expression of @entity11488 utilized a typically male social strategy. Analogously, castration of males and @entity251 supplementation of females yielded similar outcomes, with a reversal of their social cognitive strategy. Together, our results demonstrate a sex-specific mechanism underlying social hierarchy, in which both males and females retain the functional capacity to adapt their social strategy. More generally, we expect the automated tube test to provide an important complementary approach for both fundamental and translational studies of social behavior.

title: Sex-Specific Mechanism of Social Hierarchy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity20647 ( @entity15984 agonists are a new group of antidiabetic medications quickly gaining popularity. We aimed to examine behavioural and neuroendocrine changes following chronic treatment with @entity15984 agonists in animal models. METHODS: The effects of chronic treatment with @entity15984 agonists were determined on behavioural parameters [ @entity148 level in the light-dark compartment test, the motor activity in automated activity cages, immobility in the forced swimming test (FST)] and on @entity2819 release in @entity19 . The possible antidepressant effect of chronic liraglutide treatment was also studied in Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) @entity35 , a genetic model of @entity308 . RESULTS: Two weeks of treatment with exenatide (10   g /kg twice daily) or liraglutide (1200   g/kg once daily) did not affect the @entity148 level in a light-dark compartment test nor induce an antidepressant-like effect in the FST in @entity19 . Moreover, chronic treatment with liraglutide had no effect on @entity308 -related behaviour in FSL @entity35 . Interestingly, hypolocomotion induced by the drugs in @entity19 disappeared after chronic dosing. Both of the @entity15984 agonists induced robust increases in @entity2819 levels in @entity19 under basal conditions as well as in the case of combination with swimming stress. Remarkably, exenatide was as potent a stimulator of @entity2819 release after 2 weeks as after acute administration. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in @entity2819 release seen after acute exenatide or @entity32267 treatment do not abate after 2 weeks of treatment demonstrating that tolerance does not develop towards this particular effect of @entity20647 agonists.

title: XXXX agonists have a sustained stimulatory effect on @entity2819 release after chronic treatment.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity32267 :: ('MESH:C439759', 'Chemical') :: ['liraglutide']

answer: @entity15984 :: (14652(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GLP-1 receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity20647 ( @entity15984 agonists are a new group of antidiabetic medications quickly gaining popularity. We aimed to examine behavioural and neuroendocrine changes following chronic treatment with @entity15984 agonists in animal models. METHODS: The effects of chronic treatment with @entity15984 agonists were determined on behavioural parameters [ @entity148 level in the light-dark compartment test, the motor activity in automated activity cages, immobility in the forced swimming test (FST)] and on @entity2819 release in @entity19 . The possible antidepressant effect of chronic liraglutide treatment was also studied in Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) @entity35 , a genetic model of @entity308 . RESULTS: Two weeks of treatment with exenatide (10   g /kg twice daily) or liraglutide (1200   g/kg once daily) did not affect the @entity148 level in a light-dark compartment test nor induce an antidepressant-like effect in the FST in @entity19 . Moreover, chronic treatment with liraglutide had no effect on @entity308 -related behaviour in FSL @entity35 . Interestingly, hypolocomotion induced by the drugs in @entity19 disappeared after chronic dosing. Both of the @entity15984 agonists induced robust increases in @entity2819 levels in @entity19 under basal conditions as well as in the case of combination with swimming stress. Remarkably, exenatide was as potent a stimulator of @entity2819 release after 2 weeks as after acute administration. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in @entity2819 release seen after acute exenatide or @entity32267 treatment do not abate after 2 weeks of treatment demonstrating that tolerance does not develop towards this particular effect of @entity20647 agonists.

title: @entity15984 agonists have a sustained stimulatory effect on XXXX release after chronic treatment.

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Correcting crooked @entity85 is one of the most difficult procedure in rhinoplastic surgery. For that reason, the authors have been designed an asymmetrically pressing nasal splint. In this prospective study, the aim was to compare the effects of applying asymmetrically pressing nasal splint and normal symmetrically splint on the crooked nose. METHODS: This study included 129 @entity1 who were operated on for crooked @entity85 . @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. Normal symmetrically pressing nasal splint was applied to groups 1a (I type) and 1b (C type). Asymmetrically pressing nasal splint was applied to groups 2a (I type) and 2b (C type). All groups were compared according to deflection angle from the midline, the percentage of postoperative improvement, @entity1 satisfaction with visual analog scale, and complication rate. RESULTS: I-type noses in both groups at postoperative angle values were reduced, and C-type noses in both groups at postoperative angle values were increased significantly compared with preoperative values. I-type noses of group 2 at postoperative angle values compared with group 1 were reduced, and C-type noses were increased in group 2 significantly. @entity1 satisfaction rate in group 2 were significantly better than in group 1. The closeness ratios to the ideal angles in group 1 were in "good" and "moderate" levels, whereas in group 2, it was in "excellent" level. There was no significant difference in complication rate in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetrically pressing splint (novel design) showed increasing success rate clearly in crooked nose surgery than in normal splints.

title: Asymmetrically Pressing Nasal Splint for Crooked XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['nose deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Nose Deformity']