abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity252 ( @entity252 ) is a sex chromosomal aneuploidy (47,XXY) affecting 1/660 males. Based on findings in @entity2689 , we hypothesized that electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities would be present in males with @entity252 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate ECGs in males with @entity252 and compare with controls. METHODS: Case control study of 62 males with @entity252 and 62 healthy males matched on age. The primary outcome parameter was a difference in the ECG presentation between the two groups. The ECGs were analyzed by one blinded examiner (intraobserver variability 0.2-2.1%). The QT-interval was measured using "teach-the-tangent" method excluding the U-wave. QTc was calculated using Bazett's equation, Hodges' equation, and a linear regression model. Body mass index, abdominal fat, and muscle mass as well as sex hormone levels were secondary parameters. The prevalence of mutations in genes related to @entity12396 was determined in @entity1 with a QTc < 330 ms. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the @entity13198 was shorter (P = 0.02-0.06) in males with @entity252 depending on the applied correction method. QTc was shortest among @entity251 (T)-treated males with @entity252 , while untreated and thus hypogonadal @entity252 had QTc interval comparable to controls. No mutations in genes related to @entity12396 were found. CONCLUSION: We found short QTc interval in males with @entity252 , with further shortening of the QTc interval by T. These results suggest that genes on the X chromosome could be involved in regulation of the QTc interval and that T treatment may aggravate this mechanism.

title: Short QTc Interval in Males with Klinefelter Syndrome-Influence of CAG Repeat Length, Body Composition, and XXXX Replacement Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity12396 :: ('MESH:C566506', 'Disease') :: ['short QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome', 'KS']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of primary stage, histopathological grade, disease-free survival and site of first relapse on survival after first recurrence. The study included 1621 female @entity0 @entity1 admitted between 1970 and 1975. The @entity1 material was analysed by unifactorial life table methods and the multifactorial Cox regression analysis. The primary stage and histopathological grade maintained a significant prognostic value also after relapse. Survival after first recurrence was dependent on the disease-free interval and site of first relapse, too. If the disease-free survival was over 5 years, 44% of the @entity1 were still alive after 7 years from recurrence. Of the @entity1 with a disease-free survival shorter than 2 years, only 10% were alive after 7 years from recurrence. Survival was significantly better after locoregional relapse than after distant relapse, but the difference levelled off within 7 years. The prognosis of axillary relapse was best and that of liver and brain metastases poorest. Regression analysis confirmed the importance of primary stage, site of recurrence and histopathological grade as prognostic variables for survival after first recurrence.

title: Survival after first recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Bone involvement in idiopathic @entity460 @entity1790 is characterized by the following abnormalities: a) the bone density is decreased, the severity of @entity604 being dependent upon the existence of @entity5200 and upon the pathophysiology of this latter: it is inconsistent in the absence of @entity5200 or when @entity5200 is of the absorptive type I or II, whereas it is almost constant in fasting @entity5200 without @entity3528 and constant and severe in the rare true renal @entity5200 . b) The bone histology (which has been evaluated only in idiopathic @entity12233 @entity1 ) mainly shows a defect in bone formation at the exception of the rare renal @entity5200 . @entity2527 is only seen in this latter type of @entity5200 whereas in the other types of @entity5200 only an increase of the total or inactive resorption surface is observed. This phenomenon is possibly explained only by a delayed refilling of the resorption lacunae secondary to the decreased bone formation. The osteoid thickness is either normal or decreased despite decrease in mineralization apposition rate which seems therefore to be secondary to the decreased bone formation. c) Symptomatic @entity79 in @entity12233 stone formers is exceptional and always related to a severe long term @entity460 restriction. d) The biochemical markers of bone resorption tend to be increased in idiopathic @entity5200 . Hydroxyprolinuria is more often elevated than pyridinolinuria. However pyridinolinuria is negatively correlated to bone density. The contrast between the increase of these bone resorption markers and the usual normality of plasma @entity461 and of the osteoclastic resorptive surfaces, suggest the role of meat induced acid load which may favor inactive resorption by dissolution of bone buffers. A disturbed profile synthesis of cytokines which induce differentiation and proliferation of the osteoclasts and which modulate the osteoblastic proliferation and function ( @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity310 , @entity2841 ...) may play a role in the @entity604 of @entity460 stone formers but further studies are necessary to precise its transient or permanent involvement in their @entity79 . e) The decrease of bone formation may be explained by the suppressed @entity461 secretion which may be explained by hypercalcitriolemia. This excess of @entity3873 synthesis may be secondary either to monocyte increased synthesis of @entity1192 which stimulates the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase by the mean of an increased @entity1421 synthesis or to the relative @entity5886 of the @entity460 stone formers comparatively to healthy controls. Hypercalcitriolemia may originate from the activated monocyte itself. The decrease in bone formation may also be secondary to the action of monokines on the osteoblast differentiation and/or function.

title: [Bone involvement in idiopathic XXXX lithiasis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity12233 :: ('MESH:C562793', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuric']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoclastic hyperresorption']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone healing after the use of a xenograft scaffold enriched with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), an autogenous bone graft, or the scaffold without BM-MSCs. Materials and Methods: Eighteen @entity95 were used for this study; bilateral 12-mm-diameter defects were created in the animals' parietal bones. The bilateral defects were filled with a xenograft enriched with BM-MSCs ( @entity1062 [ @entity1062 ]), with autogenous bone graft (positive control group [PCG]), or with a xenograft alone (negative control group [NCG]). In all groups, randomly, one defect was covered with a collagen membrane. The @entity95 were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery, and their parietal bones were harvested and analyzed histomorphometrically. Results: Within the PCG and the NCG, the defects covered with the barrier membrane showed better bone healing. In the @entity1062 , the defects covered with the barrier membrane did not show better bone healing (intragroup comparisons by Wilcoxon and Friedman tests for paired data). @entity1062 showed percentage of mineralized tissue (MT) of 56.03%    3.49% with membrane and 57.71%    5.31% without membrane. PCG showed MT of 55.13%    4.83% and 49.69%    3.81% with and without membrane, respectively, and NCG showed MT of 26.77%    7.29% and 19.67%    2.66% with and without membrane, respectively. Conclusion: Both autogenous bone graft and a xenograft enriched with BM-MSCs were equally effective for bone reconstruction and better than the xenograft alone. The use of a barrier membrane seemed to have a synergistic effect on bone healing in PCG and NCG but not in @entity1062 .

title: Repair of Critical-Size Bone Defects Using Bone Marrow Stem Cells or Autogenous Bone With or Without Collagen Membrane: A Histomorphometric Study in XXXX Calvaria.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: Lower limb critical @entity63 is a clinical condition typical of @entity1 with severe @entity432 (Fontaine's IIIb and IV degree). This condition often leads to amputation of the limb involved. The authors present to the use PGE1 in 50 @entity1 with Fontaine's IIIb-IV degree @entity432 of lower limbs in which the indication of amputation was done. All the @entity1 , admitted to the emergency ward, complain of @entity158 and distal ulcers. The administration of PG5(1) was given as follows: 40 mg/bid/e.v./20 days. A 6 months long follow-up was installed with the instrumental evaluation of: Transcutaneous @entity26 pressure; Distal blood perfusion with Doppler; cardiac pulse; blood pressure. Eighteen @entity1 became to a Fontaine's II degree during the next 2 months after therapy, 25 @entity1 came back to a severe claudicatio: of them 18 underwent successfully vascular surgery, 7 underwent amputation of the lower limb. In 7 @entity1 the PGE1 did not influence the natural progression of the disease. Among the side-effects of therapy we can mention: @entity10 (4%), erythema and @entity158 of injected vein (8%), sick (4%). All the side effects were transient and never led to interruption of therapy.

title: [Use of PGE1 in severe XXXX of the lower extremities. Clinical study].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity165 level may reduce the risk of @entity301 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity8673 to @entity1 with @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity583 and @entity204 from @entity301 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity1 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity165 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity8673 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity204 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity8673 lowered plasma @entity165 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity165 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity583 or @entity204 from @entity301 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity8673 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity8673 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity583 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity204 from @entity301 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity204 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity8673 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity204 from any cause in the @entity8673 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity8673 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity583 and @entity204 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity204 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity1 with moderate @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 .

title: Prevention of @entity301 with @entity8673 in @entity1 with XXXX . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['Pravastatin', 'pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity165 level may reduce the risk of @entity301 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity8673 to @entity1 with @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity583 and @entity204 from @entity301 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity1 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity165 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity8673 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity204 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity8673 lowered plasma @entity165 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity165 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity583 or @entity204 from @entity301 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity8673 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity8673 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity583 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity204 from @entity301 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity204 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity8673 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity204 from any cause in the @entity8673 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity8673 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity583 and @entity204 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity204 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity1 with moderate @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 .

title: Prevention of XXXX with @entity8673 in @entity1 with @entity1007 . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity165 level may reduce the risk of @entity301 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity8673 to @entity1 with @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity583 and @entity204 from @entity301 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity1 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity165 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity8673 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity204 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity8673 lowered plasma @entity165 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity165 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity583 or @entity204 from @entity301 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity8673 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity8673 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity583 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity204 from @entity301 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity204 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity8673 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity204 from any cause in the @entity8673 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity8673 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity583 and @entity204 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity204 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity1 with moderate @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 .

title: Prevention of @entity301 with XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1007 . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

answer: @entity8673 :: (MESH:D017035,Chemical) :: ['pravastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity165 level may reduce the risk of @entity301 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity8673 to @entity1 with @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity583 and @entity204 from @entity301 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity1 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity165 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity8673 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity204 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity8673 lowered plasma @entity165 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity165 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity583 or @entity204 from @entity301 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity8673 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity8673 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity583 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity204 from @entity301 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity204 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity8673 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity204 from any cause in the @entity8673 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity8673 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity583 and @entity204 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity204 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity1 with moderate @entity1007 and no history of @entity583 .

title: Prevention of @entity301 with @entity8673 in XXXX with @entity1007 . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact of @entity302 surgery on quality of life through the application of the quality of life in @entity302 (QOLIE-10) scale in a low income population. METHODS: We conducted an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The data for all @entity1 who underwent @entity302 surgery from the aforementioned period were registered retrospectively through a review of their clinical history. Clinical variables of interest for this study were obtained through phone contact, and the QOLIE-10 scale was applied. RESULTS: This study included a total of 89 @entity1 with whom phone contact was established and who met the inclusion criteria. Of these @entity1 , 30.3% were without anti- @entity410 medication at the time of the survey's application, and only 19.1% were still under polytherapy. A total of 47.1% of the @entity1 had returned to some work activity that they would have not been able to perform before because of their disease. All of the components of the QOLIE-10 scale improved significantly (p<0.05) after the surgical procedure, except the variable of "fear of the sudden occurrence of @entity410 ". The variables with greatest impact after the surgical procedure were @entity308 , work activity, and quality of life in general. CONCLUSION: @entity302 surgery has a positive impact on the quality of life of @entity1 with low resources and in vulnerable social conditions. It is still to be determined if, in this population, work and social reintegration have a greater impact on the quality of life than other clinical and/or paraclinical variables.

title: Impact of XXXX surgery on the quality of life of a low-income population through the application of the Qolie-10 scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Injuries associated with @entity130 ( @entity3029 ) leading to @entity204 were analyzed in 11 @entity1 , nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and @entity1576 were noted in all @entity1 , and @entity1167 in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to @entity1317 or its branches in nine @entity1 , @entity9807 (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull @entity174 in four. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity510 ( @entity510 ) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine @entity1 , fourth ventricular @entity1410 in seven, and @entity174 in three. @entity510 and ventricular @entity1410 were due to @entity4215 . Other common @entity130 were @entity130 and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 @entity1 , mandibular @entity174 in three, severe @entity764 in eight, and intraperitoneal @entity548 in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine @entity1 died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as @entity1620 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early @entity204 is probably caused by associated severe @entity130 , i.e. @entity764 and intraperitoneal @entity548 rather than @entity3029 . Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with @entity3029 , head, breast, and @entity1661 may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of @entity3029 .

title: Associated XXXX and mechanism of @entity3029 caused by @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity4215 :: ('MESH:D020196', 'Disease') :: ['craniocervical injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['atlas fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain dead']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto-axial dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury of face', 'traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: Injuries associated with @entity130 ( @entity3029 ) leading to @entity204 were analyzed in 11 @entity1 , nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and @entity1576 were noted in all @entity1 , and @entity1167 in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to @entity1317 or its branches in nine @entity1 , @entity9807 (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull @entity174 in four. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity510 ( @entity510 ) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine @entity1 , fourth ventricular @entity1410 in seven, and @entity174 in three. @entity510 and ventricular @entity1410 were due to @entity4215 . Other common @entity130 were @entity130 and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 @entity1 , mandibular @entity174 in three, severe @entity764 in eight, and intraperitoneal @entity548 in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine @entity1 died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as @entity1620 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early @entity204 is probably caused by associated severe @entity130 , i.e. @entity764 and intraperitoneal @entity548 rather than @entity3029 . Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with @entity3029 , head, breast, and @entity1661 may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of @entity3029 .

title: Associated @entity130 and mechanism of @entity3029 caused by XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Injuries associated with @entity130 ( @entity3029 ) leading to @entity204 were analyzed in 11 @entity1 , nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and @entity1576 were noted in all @entity1 , and @entity1167 in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to @entity1317 or its branches in nine @entity1 , @entity9807 (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull @entity174 in four. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity510 ( @entity510 ) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine @entity1 , fourth ventricular @entity1410 in seven, and @entity174 in three. @entity510 and ventricular @entity1410 were due to @entity4215 . Other common @entity130 were @entity130 and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 @entity1 , mandibular @entity174 in three, severe @entity764 in eight, and intraperitoneal @entity548 in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine @entity1 died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as @entity1620 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early @entity204 is probably caused by associated severe @entity130 , i.e. @entity764 and intraperitoneal @entity548 rather than @entity3029 . Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with @entity3029 , head, breast, and @entity1661 may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of @entity3029 .

title: Associated @entity130 and mechanism of XXXX caused by @entity130 .

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['atlanto-occipital dislocation']


abstract: A well entrenched hypothesis regarding hormonal action is that as the time interval following hormonal deprivation increases there is a corresponding decrease in the sensitivity of the system to the effects of hormone replacement. With this in mind, we examined the effects of a prolonged period of hormonal deprivation (9 mo), and compared these to the effects of a shorter period (1 month), on the restoration of @entity146 and seminal vesicle weights. Castration of sexually vigorous male Long-Evans @entity35 at 6 mo of age was followed by the virtual disappearance of ejaculatory behavior within 1 mo. @entity251 (T) was administered (5 mm or 20 mm T-containing Silastic capsules) either 1 or 9 mo after castration, and copulatory tests were conducted 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days later. 5 mmT and 20 mmT were equally effective in restoring behavior in the @entity35 treated 1 mo after castration. In contrast, 5 mmT was more effective in inducing @entity146 than 20 mmT in the @entity35 treated 9 mo after castration. The time course to maximal effect was longer in the @entity35 given T 9 mo after castration. @entity35 were sacrificed 21 days after T administration. Expressed seminal vesicle weights and plasma @entity251 were increased in a dose-dependent manner independent of the postcastration interval. These data indicate that somatic and behavioral effects of T are differentially modified by the period of preceding hormonal deprivation.

title: XXXX -induced @entity146 is affected by the postcastration interval.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['copulatory behavior']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: A well entrenched hypothesis regarding hormonal action is that as the time interval following hormonal deprivation increases there is a corresponding decrease in the sensitivity of the system to the effects of hormone replacement. With this in mind, we examined the effects of a prolonged period of hormonal deprivation (9 mo), and compared these to the effects of a shorter period (1 month), on the restoration of @entity146 and seminal vesicle weights. Castration of sexually vigorous male Long-Evans @entity35 at 6 mo of age was followed by the virtual disappearance of ejaculatory behavior within 1 mo. @entity251 (T) was administered (5 mm or 20 mm T-containing Silastic capsules) either 1 or 9 mo after castration, and copulatory tests were conducted 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days later. 5 mmT and 20 mmT were equally effective in restoring behavior in the @entity35 treated 1 mo after castration. In contrast, 5 mmT was more effective in inducing @entity146 than 20 mmT in the @entity35 treated 9 mo after castration. The time course to maximal effect was longer in the @entity35 given T 9 mo after castration. @entity35 were sacrificed 21 days after T administration. Expressed seminal vesicle weights and plasma @entity251 were increased in a dose-dependent manner independent of the postcastration interval. These data indicate that somatic and behavioral effects of T are differentially modified by the period of preceding hormonal deprivation.

title: @entity251 -induced XXXX is affected by the postcastration interval.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['copulatory behavior']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and radiographic progression through 2 years of treatment with intravenous (IV) golimumab + @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in open-label extension of a phase 3 trial of @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) despite @entity1500 therapy. Methods: In the phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, GO-FURTHER trial, 592 @entity1 with active @entity309 were randomized (2:1) to IV golimumab 2mg/kg+ @entity1500 (Group1) or placebo+ @entity1500 (Group2) at wks 0 and 4, then q8w; placebo @entity1 crossed over to golimumab at wk16 (early escape) or wk24 (crossover). The final golimumab infusion was at wk100. Assessments included ACR20/50/70 response, DAS28-CRP score, physical function and quality of life measures, and changes in van der Heijde-Sharp (vdH-S) scores. Safety was monitored through wk112. Results: In total, 486 @entity1 (82.1%) continued treatment through wk100, and 68.1%, 43.8%, and 23.5% had an ACR20/50/70 response, respectively, at wk100. Clinical response and improvements in physical function and quality of life were generally maintained from wk24 through 2 years. Mean change from baseline to wk100 in vdH-S score was 0.74 in Group1 and 2.10 in Group2 (p=0.005); progression from wk52 to wk100 was clinically insignificant in both groups. A total of 481 @entity1 completed the safety follow-up through week 112; 79.1% had an AE, and 18.2% had a SAE. Conclusions: Clinical response to IV golimumab + @entity1500 was maintained through wk100. Radiographic progression following golimumab treatment was clinically insignificant between wk52 and wk100.No unexpected AEs occurred through wk112; the safety profile was consistent with anti-TNF therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Maintenance of clinical and radiographic benefit with intravenous golimumab therapy in @entity1 with active XXXX despite methotrexate therapy: Week-112 efficacy and safety results of the open-label long-term extension of the GO-FURTHER trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and radiographic progression through 2 years of treatment with intravenous (IV) golimumab + @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in open-label extension of a phase 3 trial of @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) despite @entity1500 therapy. Methods: In the phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, GO-FURTHER trial, 592 @entity1 with active @entity309 were randomized (2:1) to IV golimumab 2mg/kg+ @entity1500 (Group1) or placebo+ @entity1500 (Group2) at wks 0 and 4, then q8w; placebo @entity1 crossed over to golimumab at wk16 (early escape) or wk24 (crossover). The final golimumab infusion was at wk100. Assessments included ACR20/50/70 response, DAS28-CRP score, physical function and quality of life measures, and changes in van der Heijde-Sharp (vdH-S) scores. Safety was monitored through wk112. Results: In total, 486 @entity1 (82.1%) continued treatment through wk100, and 68.1%, 43.8%, and 23.5% had an ACR20/50/70 response, respectively, at wk100. Clinical response and improvements in physical function and quality of life were generally maintained from wk24 through 2 years. Mean change from baseline to wk100 in vdH-S score was 0.74 in Group1 and 2.10 in Group2 (p=0.005); progression from wk52 to wk100 was clinically insignificant in both groups. A total of 481 @entity1 completed the safety follow-up through week 112; 79.1% had an AE, and 18.2% had a SAE. Conclusions: Clinical response to IV golimumab + @entity1500 was maintained through wk100. Radiographic progression following golimumab treatment was clinically insignificant between wk52 and wk100.No unexpected AEs occurred through wk112; the safety profile was consistent with anti-TNF therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Maintenance of clinical and radiographic benefit with intravenous golimumab therapy in XXXX with active @entity309 despite methotrexate therapy: Week-112 efficacy and safety results of the open-label long-term extension of the GO-FURTHER trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity16881 (MCI) and especially @entity16880 (MI) contact @entity566 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity566 in @entity1 presenting with @entity2652 . METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity2652 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity566 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity1 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity1 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity1 were @entity1097 . All @entity1 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity566 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity2652 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of @entity16881 and XXXX contact @entity566 in @entity2652 : a single centre Irish study.

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Cutaneous Allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity16880 :: ('MESH:C011506', 'Chemical') :: ['methylisothiazolinone']

entities_list: @entity16881 :: ('MESH:C011421', 'Chemical') :: ['methylchloroisothiazolinone']

answer: @entity16880 :: (MESH:C011506,Chemical) :: ['methylisothiazolinone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity16881 (MCI) and especially @entity16880 (MI) contact @entity566 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity566 in @entity1 presenting with @entity2652 . METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity2652 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity566 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity1 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity1 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity1 were @entity1097 . All @entity1 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity566 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity2652 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of @entity16881 and @entity16880 contact @entity566 in XXXX : a single centre Irish study.

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['facial dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity16881 (MCI) and especially @entity16880 (MI) contact @entity566 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity566 in @entity1 presenting with @entity2652 . METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity2652 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity566 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity1 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity1 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity1 were @entity1097 . All @entity1 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity566 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity2652 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity16880 contact @entity566 in @entity2652 : a single centre Irish study.

answer: @entity16881 :: (MESH:C011421,Chemical) :: ['methylchloroisothiazolinone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity16881 (MCI) and especially @entity16880 (MI) contact @entity566 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity566 in @entity1 presenting with @entity2652 . METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity2652 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity566 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity1 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity1 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity1 were @entity1097 . All @entity1 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity566 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity2652 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of @entity16881 and @entity16880 contact XXXX in @entity2652 : a single centre Irish study.

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ex-drinkers suffer from worse health than drinkers; however, whether a worsening of health is associated with a change in drinking status from early adulthood has not been previously investigated. We assess whether a worsening of health is associated with a cessation in consumption or reduction to special occasion drinking from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS: Multinomial logistic regression assessing whether a change in self-reported limiting longstanding illness (LLI) was associated with ceasing @entity167 consumption, or a reduction to special occasion drinking compared with being a persistent drinker from age 23 in separate models at ages 33, 42, and 50. All models adjusted for sex, poor psychosocial health, education, marital status, and @entity1 in the household. Sample included @entity1 from Great Britain followed longitudinally in the National @entity1 Development Study from ages 23 to 33 (N = 5,529), 42 (N = 4,787), and 50 (N = 4,476). RESULTS: Developing an LLI from the previous wave was associated with ceasing @entity167 consumption at ages 33 (odds ratio [ORs] = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-4.93), 42 (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.24-4.81), and 50 (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.56-7.12) and a reduction to special occasion drinking at ages 42 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.40-2.99) and 50 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.18-3.53). Having a persistent LLI across 2 waves increased the odds of ceasing consumption at ages 42 (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.06-9.77) and 50 (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.72-9.44) and reducing consumption to special occasion drinking at ages 33 (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.34-8.01) and 42 (OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.23-4.50). Persistent drinkers at older ages had the best overall health suffering less from previous poor health compared with those who reduced or ceased consumption at an earlier time point. CONCLUSIONS: Developing an LLI was associated with a cessation in @entity167 consumption and a reduction in consumption to special occasion drinking from early adulthood. Persistent drinkers who drank at least till 50 were the healthiest overall. Health selection is likely to influence nondrinking across the life course.

title: Worsening of health and a cessation or reduction in XXXX consumption to special occasion drinking across three decades of the life course.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Articular @entity16 after joint @entity130 seldom heals and often leads to @entity571 . We previously identified a migratory chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) population that responds chemotactically to cell death and rapidly repopulates the injured cartilage matrix, which suggests a potential approach for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine whether recombinant @entity1 stromal cell-derived factor 1a (rhSDF-1a), a potent CPC chemoattractant, would improve the quality of cartilage regeneration, hypothesizing that increased recruitment of CPCs by rhSDF-1a would promote the formation of cartilage matrix upon chondrogenic induction. METHODS: Full-thickness @entity291 @entity154 were filled with hydrogel, composed of fibrin and hyaluronic acid and containing rhSDF-1a. Cell migration was monitored, followed by chondrogenic induction. Regenerated tissue was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Push-out tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to assess the strength of tissue integration and the mechanical properties of the regenerated cartilage. RESULTS: Use of rhSDF-1a dramatically improved CPC recruitment to the @entity154 at 12 days. After 6 weeks under chondrogenic conditions, cell morphology, proteoglycan density, and the ultrastructure of the repair tissue were all similar to that found in native cartilage. Compared with empty controls, neocartilage generated in rhSDF-1a-containing defects showed significantly greater interfacial strength, and acquired mechanical properties comparable to those of native cartilage. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stimulating local CPC recruitment prior to treatment with chondrogenic factors significantly improves the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue formed in @entity154 . This simple approach may be implemented in vivo as a one-step procedure by staging the release of chemokine and chondrogenic factors from within the hydrogel, which can be achieved using smart drug-delivery systems.

title: Use of recombinant @entity1 stromal cell-derived factor 1a-loaded fibrin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel networks to achieve functional repair of full-thickness XXXX articular cartilage via homing of chondrogenic progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['chondral defects']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Articular @entity16 after joint @entity130 seldom heals and often leads to @entity571 . We previously identified a migratory chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) population that responds chemotactically to cell death and rapidly repopulates the injured cartilage matrix, which suggests a potential approach for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine whether recombinant @entity1 stromal cell-derived factor 1a (rhSDF-1a), a potent CPC chemoattractant, would improve the quality of cartilage regeneration, hypothesizing that increased recruitment of CPCs by rhSDF-1a would promote the formation of cartilage matrix upon chondrogenic induction. METHODS: Full-thickness @entity291 @entity154 were filled with hydrogel, composed of fibrin and hyaluronic acid and containing rhSDF-1a. Cell migration was monitored, followed by chondrogenic induction. Regenerated tissue was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Push-out tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to assess the strength of tissue integration and the mechanical properties of the regenerated cartilage. RESULTS: Use of rhSDF-1a dramatically improved CPC recruitment to the @entity154 at 12 days. After 6 weeks under chondrogenic conditions, cell morphology, proteoglycan density, and the ultrastructure of the repair tissue were all similar to that found in native cartilage. Compared with empty controls, neocartilage generated in rhSDF-1a-containing defects showed significantly greater interfacial strength, and acquired mechanical properties comparable to those of native cartilage. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stimulating local CPC recruitment prior to treatment with chondrogenic factors significantly improves the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue formed in @entity154 . This simple approach may be implemented in vivo as a one-step procedure by staging the release of chemokine and chondrogenic factors from within the hydrogel, which can be achieved using smart drug-delivery systems.

title: Use of recombinant XXXX stromal cell-derived factor 1a-loaded fibrin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel networks to achieve functional repair of full-thickness @entity291 articular cartilage via homing of chondrogenic progenitor cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Positron emission tomography measures the metabolic activity of tissue. Because metabolism rates are higher in @entity5 than in normal tissue, positron emission tomography can be used to identify abnormal tissue. Positron emission tomography has proved useful in detecting residual or recurrent @entity5 in the brain and gastrointestinal tract after definitive treatment. We selectively used positron emission tomography in a preliminary trial to examine @entity1 with @entity5 who had previously been treated with organ-preservation therapy with radiation therapy alone or in combination with induction chemotherapy. These @entity1 are often difficult to examine both clinically and radiographically because of posttreatment @entity4 and @entity82 . From 1991 to 1993 @entity1 at our institution who were treated with either radiation therapy or a combination of induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for @entity189 were evaluated after treatment. If clinical examination was suspicious for @entity41 or recurrence, a computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained. In 10 @entity1 neither clinical examination nor conventional imaging could absolutely rule out residual/recurrent @entity189 . In these @entity1 positron emission tomography with @entity419 was used to detect disease. The results from positron emission tomography were compared with the results from subsequent biopsy (five @entity1 ) or clinical follow-up. Positron emission tomography had a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 57%. The positive predictive value of positron emission tomography was 67%. The negative predictive value of positron emission tomography was 80%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Positron emission tomography in the detection of residual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival time and its impact factors among @entity791 @entity1 who initially received antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Liangshan prefecture during 2004-2012. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the information of @entity791 @entity1 who initially received ART. Data on @entity1 was collected from the Chinese @entity791 Antiretroviral Therapy DATAFax Information System. Life table was applied to calculate the survival proportion, and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to identify impact factors that were related to the time of survival. RESULTS: Among 5 525 @entity791 @entity1 who initially received ART, the median age was (34.5   9.0) year old, with 73.9% being males, 65.8% were infected through injecting drug use, time from @entity645 tested @entity645 positive to starting ART was (23.0  20.1) months. 287 cases died of @entity791 , and their median time of receiving ART was (12.7  10.6) months, and 32.8% of them died within the first 6 months of treatment. Cumulative survival rates of the @entity1 who had received ART in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years were 97%, 93%, 89%, 88%, 84%, respectively. Results from multivariate Cox regression showed that female @entity1 who received ART were at a lower risk to the @entity204 of @entity791 (HR = 0.556, 95%CI:0.367-0.872), when compared to the males. @entity1 infected with @entity645 through injecting drug use were at a higher risk to @entity204 (HR = 1.569, 95% CI:1.061-2.321) when compared to those who were infected through heterosexual transmission. @entity1 with baseline @entity404 (+) T cells counts at <50 cells/mm(3) (HR = 11.996, 95% CI: 6.714-21.435) or 50-200 cells/mm(3) (HR = 2.481, 95%CI:1.620-3.798) were at a higher risk to @entity204 than those with @entity404 (+)T cell counts >= 350 cells/mm(3). @entity1 without @entity1907 were at a lower risk to @entity204 (HR = 0.511, 95% CI:0.330-0.791)when compared to those with @entity1907 a year before starting the treatment. CONCLUSION: Antiretroviral treatment could prolong the survival time of @entity791 @entity1 and with a better rate on survival. Programs on follow-up and @entity404 (+)T cell counts for @entity791 @entity1 should be conducted regularly, as well as timely initiated the antiretroviral therapy.

title: [Survival analysis on XXXX patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment, Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS related diseases', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the rates of hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity24818 ), as well as the effect of hospice utilization on the cost patterns of @entity24818 . Over the past decade, dramatic changes in the management of advanced @entity263 have proceeded alongside changes in end-of-life care. But, the impact of these contemporary advances in management of @entity24818 and its implications on US health care expenditure remains unknown. METHODS: @entity1 hospitalized with @entity24818 from 1998 to 2010 were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (n  = 100,220). Temporal trends in incidence and charges were assessed by linear regression. Complex samples logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality, elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile and hospice utilization. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2010, admissions for @entity24818 decreased at a rate of  -5.95% per year (P  <.001), whereas per-incident charges increased at the rate of 6.1% (P  <.001) annually; the national economic burden of care was stable. Over the study period, hospice use increased 488.0% per year (P  <.001) but was significantly lower among black (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; P  = .01) and Hispanic (OR, 0.65; P  = .03) @entity1 . In multivariable analyses, hospice utilization was associated with decreased odds of elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile (OR, 0.84; P  = .02). CONCLUSION: Despite a decline in hospitalizations for @entity24818 , the economic burden of care has remained stable. Increasing use of hospice services has moderated the effect of rising per-incident hospital charges, highlighting the importance of promoting access to hospice in the right clinical setting. These findings have important policy implications, particularly as advances in treatment are expected to further increase expenditures related to the inpatient management of @entity24818 .

title: Burden of hospital admissions and utilization of hospice care in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['metastatic prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the rates of hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity24818 ), as well as the effect of hospice utilization on the cost patterns of @entity24818 . Over the past decade, dramatic changes in the management of advanced @entity263 have proceeded alongside changes in end-of-life care. But, the impact of these contemporary advances in management of @entity24818 and its implications on US health care expenditure remains unknown. METHODS: @entity1 hospitalized with @entity24818 from 1998 to 2010 were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (n  = 100,220). Temporal trends in incidence and charges were assessed by linear regression. Complex samples logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality, elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile and hospice utilization. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2010, admissions for @entity24818 decreased at a rate of  -5.95% per year (P  <.001), whereas per-incident charges increased at the rate of 6.1% (P  <.001) annually; the national economic burden of care was stable. Over the study period, hospice use increased 488.0% per year (P  <.001) but was significantly lower among black (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; P  = .01) and Hispanic (OR, 0.65; P  = .03) @entity1 . In multivariable analyses, hospice utilization was associated with decreased odds of elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile (OR, 0.84; P  = .02). CONCLUSION: Despite a decline in hospitalizations for @entity24818 , the economic burden of care has remained stable. Increasing use of hospice services has moderated the effect of rising per-incident hospital charges, highlighting the importance of promoting access to hospice in the right clinical setting. These findings have important policy implications, particularly as advances in treatment are expected to further increase expenditures related to the inpatient management of @entity24818 .

title: Burden of hospital admissions and utilization of hospice care in @entity263 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Regionalization of surgical care has improved the quality of care for @entity1 with @entity150 . We explored whether regionalization has benefited white and black @entity1 equally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a New York State inpatient database to identify all @entity1 who underwent cystectomy for @entity150 from 1997 to 2011. Hospital volume was classified in quintiles based on the number of cystectomies performed in the first 5 years of the study. Logistic regression was done to assess the association between race and low volume/very low volume hospitals. Racial disparities were further characterized using stratification by time and by the racial composition of the @entity1 community. RESULTS: A total of 8,168 @entity1 treated with cystectomy for @entity150 were included in analysis. Compared with white race, black race was associated with a  higher likelihood of low volume/very low volume hospital use (OR 1.59, 95% CI  1.26-2.02). The disparity was most prominent in 2002 to 2006 (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.64-3.85) but it did not persist in 2007 to 2011 (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.92-2.32). Black @entity1 living in a black community had the highest likelihood of low volume/very low volume hospitalization during all periods of increased regionalization (2002 to 2006 OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.84-9.34 and 2007 to 2011 OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.07-5.39). CONCLUSIONS: Regionalization of cystectomy transiently worsened the racial disparity in @entity150 care, although the disparity did not persist with time. Specific efforts may be needed to address the consequences of regionalization in particularly vulnerable subpopulations, such as black @entity1 who live in a black community where disparities have persisted.

title: The Impact of Regionalization of Cystectomy on Racial Disparities in XXXX Care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: The aim of the investigation was to determine the patterns of cerebral involvement on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity6079 . Four @entity1 between the ages of 2 and 11 years presented over a 5-year period with a diagnosis of @entity6079 . Their imaging studies and clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. The medical histories of all four @entity1 were noncontributory except for recent bouts of chickenpox 1 week to 3 months prior to hospitalization. Three @entity1 presented with @entity191 manifestations. Bilateral, symmetric hypodense, nonenhancing @entity21 were found on CT. These areas showed nonenhancing low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images on MR. One @entity1 presented with diffuse, multiple gray and @entity62 of similar imaging characteristics; some lesions, however, did enhance. This @entity1 had no gait disturbances. @entity6079 can produce two patterns of dramatic CT and MR findings. With an appropriate history and clinical findings, varicella as a cause of bilateral basal ganglia or diffuse @entity75 can be differentiated from other possible etiologies which include @entity130 , @entity519 , @entity209 and @entity17 .

title: MR and CT imaging patterns in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity6079 :: ('MESH:D020804', 'Disease') :: ['Post-varicella encephalitis', 'post-varicella encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia lesions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

answer: @entity6079 :: (MESH:D020804,Disease) :: ['post-varicella encephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed reports on @entity3079 (formerly "mucinous @entity133 ") have not been published. We evaluated the correlation between thin-section computed tomography findings and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of @entity3079 . METHODS: From April 1997 to March 2008, 45 @entity2 were diagnosed as @entity3079 . Five cases of @entity2 or @entity3079 were excluded. @entity5 were classified as "solitary-type" or " @entity5 according to the thin-section computed tomography findings. We evaluated the clinicopathologic characteristics and the @entity470 and @entity984 gene mutation statuses and correlated the thin-section computed tomography findings with @entity1 prognoses. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 had solitary-type and 10 had @entity5 . The lesions in 23, 14, and 3 @entity1 were classified as pathologic stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Five @entity1 had @entity420 in situ, 9 had minimally invasive @entity420 , and 26  had invasive @entity3079 . Thirteen @entity1 showed recurrences, which were classified as intrapulmonary metastases in all @entity1 . The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates were 83.3% and 88.8%, respectively, in @entity1 with @entity5 and 20.0% and 0%, respectively, in @entity1 with @entity5 (p < 0.001). The median follow-up time for surviving @entity1 was 81 months. @entity984 mutations were detected in 30 @entity1 , but @entity470 mutations were absent in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that thin-section computed tomography findings for @entity3079 were useful in predicting prognosis before surgical resection. Further studies are required to improve the treatment strategy for @entity3079 .

title: Relation Between Thin-Section Computed Tomography and Clinical Findings of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'ambiguous mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonic-type tumors', 'Tumors', 'solitary-type tumors', 'pneumonic-type" tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lung cancers', 'resected lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3079 :: (MESH:D002288,Disease) :: ['Mucinous Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate potential prognostic factors for predicting survival after radiotherapy in @entity1 with painful spinal metastases and normal neurological function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 173 @entity1 were included. The following prognostic factors were assessed: primary @entity5 site, age, gender, albumin and haemoglobin levels, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), analgesic use, @entity158 intensity, number of extraspinal bone metastases and visceral metastases, presence of @entity5 -conditioned spinal canal stenosis and metastatic @entity1745 , and extension of spinal metastatic disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ongoing systemic treatment, use of @entity171 and response to radiotherapy were also evaluated. A simple scoring system for predicting survival was used. RESULTS: The following predictive factors were found to be significant in multivariate analysis: primary @entity5 site, KPS, albumin level, number of visceral metastases and analgesic use. Three survival groups were proposed. The overall survival probabilities for groups 1-3 were 13, 46 and 94% at 6 months; 4, 28 and 79% at 12 months, respectively. The median survival times for groups 1-3 were 2.1, 5.5 and 24.9 months, respectively (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: The pretreatment albumin level was a significant prognostic indicator for survival. Similarly, the primary @entity5 site, KPS and number of visceral metastases were associated with survival; these findings were consistent with the results of previous studies. The pretreatment analgesic use was significant using the univariate and multivariate analyses and this factor can be verified in future trials. Self-reported @entity158 intensity, @entity158 response to radiotherapy and MRI findings did not influence survival times.

title: Prognostic Factors in XXXX with Symptomatic Spinal Metastases and Normal Neurological Function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study longitudinally profiled @entity148 and @entity308 of daughters of @entity1 with @entity0 and examined the mother* s survival status, the daughter* s age at the time of mother* s diagnosis, and the style of family communication about @entity0 as moderators of change in symptomatology across @entity1 *  first 3 appointments at the University of California, Los Angeles Revlon Breast Center High Risk Clinic. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of hypothesized predictors on change in @entity148 and @entity308 , 3 (symptomatology at first, second, and third clinic visits) * 2 (mother survived or died) * 2 (<20 or >= 20y old at diagnosis) * 2 (open or closed family communication) repeated-measures analyses of variance were employed. RESULTS: There was a main effect for time of diagnosis on state @entity148 , demonstrating a significant reduction in @entity148 across clinic visits overall (p < 0.001). There were also significant 3-way interactions. For state @entity148 , mother* s survival status moderated the time of diagnosis * age at diagnosis and time of diagnosis * family communication interaction effects. For daughters whose mothers died, decreased @entity148 was observed in those who were younger at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.001). For daughters whose mothers survived, @entity148 was decreased for those with closed family communication styles (p = 0.001). The time of diagnosis * mother* s survival * age at diagnosis interaction was also significant for @entity308 (p = 0.001). Among daughters whose mothers died, those who were younger showed decreases in symptoms (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: These daughters appeared to benefit from the high-risk program as demonstrated by decreased symptomatology, particularly daughters whose mothers died who were younger at the time of diagnosis.

title: Evolution of Emotional Symptoms Over Time Among Daughters of @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study longitudinally profiled @entity148 and @entity308 of daughters of @entity1 with @entity0 and examined the mother* s survival status, the daughter* s age at the time of mother* s diagnosis, and the style of family communication about @entity0 as moderators of change in symptomatology across @entity1 *  first 3 appointments at the University of California, Los Angeles Revlon Breast Center High Risk Clinic. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of hypothesized predictors on change in @entity148 and @entity308 , 3 (symptomatology at first, second, and third clinic visits) * 2 (mother survived or died) * 2 (<20 or >= 20y old at diagnosis) * 2 (open or closed family communication) repeated-measures analyses of variance were employed. RESULTS: There was a main effect for time of diagnosis on state @entity148 , demonstrating a significant reduction in @entity148 across clinic visits overall (p < 0.001). There were also significant 3-way interactions. For state @entity148 , mother* s survival status moderated the time of diagnosis * age at diagnosis and time of diagnosis * family communication interaction effects. For daughters whose mothers died, decreased @entity148 was observed in those who were younger at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.001). For daughters whose mothers survived, @entity148 was decreased for those with closed family communication styles (p = 0.001). The time of diagnosis * mother* s survival * age at diagnosis interaction was also significant for @entity308 (p = 0.001). Among daughters whose mothers died, those who were younger showed decreases in symptoms (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: These daughters appeared to benefit from the high-risk program as demonstrated by decreased symptomatology, particularly daughters whose mothers died who were younger at the time of diagnosis.

title: Evolution of Emotional Symptoms Over Time Among Daughters of XXXX With @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of resveratrol ( @entity5842 ) pretreatment on CYP3A4 enzyme activity and pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ) in healthy @entity1 volunteers. The open-label, two period, sequential study was conducted in 12 healthy @entity1 volunteers. A single dose of @entity5842 500   mg was administered once daily for 10   days during treatment phase. A single dose of CBZ 200   mg was administered during control and after treatment phases under fasting conditions. The blood samples were collected after CBZ dosing at predetermined time intervals and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. In comparison with the control, @entity5842 pretreatment significantly enhanced maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ), area under the curve (AUC), and half life (t1/2 ) and significantly decreased apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F), while there was no significant change observed in time to reach maximum concentration (tmax ) and elimination rate constant (kel ) of CBZ. Furthermore, @entity5842 pretreatment significantly decreased metabolite to parent (CBZE/CBZ) ratios of Cmax and AUC and significantly increased CBZE/CBZ ratios of CL/F and Vd/F, indicating the reduced formation of CBZE to CBZ. The results suggest that the altered CYP3A4 enzyme activity and pharmacokinetics of CBZ might be attributed to @entity5842 -mediated inhibition of CYP3A4 enzyme. Thus, there is a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between @entity5842 and CBZ including other CYP3A4 substrates. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Effect of Resveratrol on the Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine in Healthy XXXX Volunteers.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most pre-clinical @entity64 studies address the acute phase after injury, with less attention to long-term effects of injury, treatment, and experimental testing itself. We addressed these questions: 1) Will functional deficits persist up to 8 weeks following transient @entity64 in older animals? 2) Will functional deficits resolve spontaneously, with time and/or repeated behavioral testing? METHODS: Male @entity35 (12 months) were pre-trained on behavioral tasks to provide baseline data and then underwent transient middle @entity432 (tMCAO) or sham surgery. We measured motor, sensory, cognitive and @entity73 over 8 weeks, and the extent of hemispheric @entity4798 . One cohort underwent behavioral testing once at 8 weeks post- @entity64 (LT); a second cohort (RLT) was tested at 3, 6 and 8 weeks post- @entity64 . RESULTS: Significant deficits were exhibited in all functional outcomes in both cohorts after 8 weeks. We observed some recovery in some behavioral parameters in both cohorts at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Deficits persist for at least 8 weeks after tMCAO. The greater spontaneous recovery seen in the RLT groups suggest that repeated testing did reduce the severity of these @entity64 . These findings have implications for designing future studies of agents to induce long-term functional recovery following @entity64 .

title: Long-term behavioral deficits and recovery after transient ischemia in middle-aged XXXX : Effects of behavioral testing.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'stroke-induced impairments']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gait impairments']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of ceftibuten (9 mg/kg daily for 10 days) were compared with those of @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity10188 40 mg/kg/day given every 8 hours for 10 days) in the empiric treatment of @entity697 media in @entity1 . This was a multicenter, investigator-blinded study with 1:1 randomization. Overall clinical response and signs and symptoms of @entity2346 were collected prospectively pretreatment, 3 to 5 days during treatment, 1 to 3 days post-treatment and at 2- to 4-week follow-up. In addition to spontaneous reports of other adverse events, gastrointestinal adverse events were prospectively elicited at each visit. Two hundred ninety-six @entity1 (146 ceftibuten and 150 @entity115 / @entity798 ) were treated with at least 1 dose of study medication. Compliance with dosing was assessable with weight of drug consumed in 127 @entity1 in each treatment group. Five percent (6 of 127) of ceftibuten @entity1 and 11% (14 of 127) of @entity115 / @entity798 @entity1 received < 80% of prescribed drug (P = 0.10) and were therefore not valid. Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 (121 ceftibuten and 101 @entity115 / @entity798 ) received a minimum of 80% of prescribed medication and were compliant with the protocol. Ceftibuten and @entity115 / @entity798 groups were comparable both for demographic variables and for baseline signs and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Multicenter controlled trial comparing ceftibuten with @entity115 / @entity798 in the empiric treatment of XXXX media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media United States Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['Augmentin']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of ceftibuten (9 mg/kg daily for 10 days) were compared with those of @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity10188 40 mg/kg/day given every 8 hours for 10 days) in the empiric treatment of @entity697 media in @entity1 . This was a multicenter, investigator-blinded study with 1:1 randomization. Overall clinical response and signs and symptoms of @entity2346 were collected prospectively pretreatment, 3 to 5 days during treatment, 1 to 3 days post-treatment and at 2- to 4-week follow-up. In addition to spontaneous reports of other adverse events, gastrointestinal adverse events were prospectively elicited at each visit. Two hundred ninety-six @entity1 (146 ceftibuten and 150 @entity115 / @entity798 ) were treated with at least 1 dose of study medication. Compliance with dosing was assessable with weight of drug consumed in 127 @entity1 in each treatment group. Five percent (6 of 127) of ceftibuten @entity1 and 11% (14 of 127) of @entity115 / @entity798 @entity1 received < 80% of prescribed drug (P = 0.10) and were therefore not valid. Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 (121 ceftibuten and 101 @entity115 / @entity798 ) received a minimum of 80% of prescribed medication and were compliant with the protocol. Ceftibuten and @entity115 / @entity798 groups were comparable both for demographic variables and for baseline signs and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Multicenter controlled trial comparing ceftibuten with @entity115 / XXXX in the empiric treatment of @entity697 media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media United States Study Group.

answer: @entity798 :: (MESH:D019818,Chemical) :: ['clavulanate']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of ceftibuten (9 mg/kg daily for 10 days) were compared with those of @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity10188 40 mg/kg/day given every 8 hours for 10 days) in the empiric treatment of @entity697 media in @entity1 . This was a multicenter, investigator-blinded study with 1:1 randomization. Overall clinical response and signs and symptoms of @entity2346 were collected prospectively pretreatment, 3 to 5 days during treatment, 1 to 3 days post-treatment and at 2- to 4-week follow-up. In addition to spontaneous reports of other adverse events, gastrointestinal adverse events were prospectively elicited at each visit. Two hundred ninety-six @entity1 (146 ceftibuten and 150 @entity115 / @entity798 ) were treated with at least 1 dose of study medication. Compliance with dosing was assessable with weight of drug consumed in 127 @entity1 in each treatment group. Five percent (6 of 127) of ceftibuten @entity1 and 11% (14 of 127) of @entity115 / @entity798 @entity1 received < 80% of prescribed drug (P = 0.10) and were therefore not valid. Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 (121 ceftibuten and 101 @entity115 / @entity798 ) received a minimum of 80% of prescribed medication and were compliant with the protocol. Ceftibuten and @entity115 / @entity798 groups were comparable both for demographic variables and for baseline signs and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Multicenter controlled trial comparing ceftibuten with XXXX / @entity798 in the empiric treatment of @entity697 media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media United States Study Group.

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal anaesthesia is the preferred technique to fix @entity174 of the femur. @entity158 does not allow ideal positioning for this procedure. Intravenous fentanyl and @entity2096 are commonly used techniques to reduce the @entity158 during position for spinal anaesthesia however; results are conflicting regarding superiority of @entity2096 over intravenous fentanyl. AIMS: We conducted this study to compare the analgesic effect provided by @entity2096 (FNB) and intra- venous (IV) fentanyl prior to positioning for central @entity616 in @entity1 undergoing surgery for femur @entity174 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this randomized prospective study 60 @entity1 scheduled for @entity174 under spinal were included. @entity1 were distributed in two groups through computer generated random numbers table; Femoral @entity616 group (FNB) and Intravenous fentanyl group (FENT). In FNB group @entity1 received FNB guided by a peripheral nerve stimulator (Stimuplex; B Braun, Melsungen, AG) 5 minutes prior to positioning. 20mL, 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) was injected incrementally after a negative aspiration test. @entity1 in the fentanyl group received injection fentanyl 1  g/kg IV 5 mins prior to positioning. Spinal block was performed and @entity158 scores before and during positioning were recorded. Statistical analysis was done with Sigmaplot version-10 computer software. Student t-test was applied to compare the means and P < 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: VAS during positioning in group FNB: 0.57    0.31 versus FENT 2.53    1.61 (P = 0.0020). Time to perform spinal anesthesia in group FNB: 15.33    1.64 min versus FENT 19.56    3.09 min (P = 0.000049). Quality of @entity1 positioning for spinal anesthesia in group FNB 2.67   0.606 versus FENT 1.967    0.85 (P = 0.000027). @entity1 acceptance was less in group FENT (P = 0.000031). CONCLUSION: Femoral @entity616 provides better analgesia, @entity1 satisfaction and satisfactory positioning than IV fentanyl for position during spinal anaesthesia in @entity1 of @entity174 femur.

title: Comparative evaluation of XXXX and intravenous fentanyl for positioning during spinal anaesthesia in surgery of femur @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture femur operation', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Extreme pain']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve block']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['neuraxial block', 'nerve block']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['femoral nerve block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal anaesthesia is the preferred technique to fix @entity174 of the femur. @entity158 does not allow ideal positioning for this procedure. Intravenous fentanyl and @entity2096 are commonly used techniques to reduce the @entity158 during position for spinal anaesthesia however; results are conflicting regarding superiority of @entity2096 over intravenous fentanyl. AIMS: We conducted this study to compare the analgesic effect provided by @entity2096 (FNB) and intra- venous (IV) fentanyl prior to positioning for central @entity616 in @entity1 undergoing surgery for femur @entity174 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this randomized prospective study 60 @entity1 scheduled for @entity174 under spinal were included. @entity1 were distributed in two groups through computer generated random numbers table; Femoral @entity616 group (FNB) and Intravenous fentanyl group (FENT). In FNB group @entity1 received FNB guided by a peripheral nerve stimulator (Stimuplex; B Braun, Melsungen, AG) 5 minutes prior to positioning. 20mL, 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) was injected incrementally after a negative aspiration test. @entity1 in the fentanyl group received injection fentanyl 1  g/kg IV 5 mins prior to positioning. Spinal block was performed and @entity158 scores before and during positioning were recorded. Statistical analysis was done with Sigmaplot version-10 computer software. Student t-test was applied to compare the means and P < 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: VAS during positioning in group FNB: 0.57    0.31 versus FENT 2.53    1.61 (P = 0.0020). Time to perform spinal anesthesia in group FNB: 15.33    1.64 min versus FENT 19.56    3.09 min (P = 0.000049). Quality of @entity1 positioning for spinal anesthesia in group FNB 2.67   0.606 versus FENT 1.967    0.85 (P = 0.000027). @entity1 acceptance was less in group FENT (P = 0.000031). CONCLUSION: Femoral @entity616 provides better analgesia, @entity1 satisfaction and satisfactory positioning than IV fentanyl for position during spinal anaesthesia in @entity1 of @entity174 femur.

title: Comparative evaluation of @entity2096 and intravenous fentanyl for positioning during spinal anaesthesia in surgery of femur XXXX .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: To monitor the compliance of @entity1 taking @entity1955 as replacement therapy for @entity1375 , the authors measured serum @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ), free @entity1955 index (FT4I), and free @entity1954 index (FT3I) in @entity1 attending the endocrine clinic. During a 6-month period, there were 159 visits by 132 @entity1 with @entity1375 . Five of the 132 @entity1 had @entity9808 levels greater than 12 microU/ml (normal, 0.3-5.7 microU/ml), with FT3I greater than 85 (normal, 70-160) and FT4I greater than 7 (normal, 4.2-11). Four others had @entity9808 greater than 6 microU/ml with normal FT3I and normal FT4I. These nine @entity1 had normal thyroid tests documented on replacement therapy in the past. Five of the nine admitted to discontinuing their medicine for more than 1 week or taking it erratically. Two untreated @entity1375 @entity1 had daily thyroid function tests after they were started on full replacement doses of @entity1955 . Both achieved FT4I greater than 4.2 by day 8 and FT3I greater than or equal to 70 by day 18, but serum @entity9808 concentration did not fall consistently below 20 microU/ml until day 23 in one @entity1 and day 21 in the other and did not fall to the normal range by discharge at day 37 in one @entity1 or day 42 in the other. Thus, although treatment with @entity1955 will normalize serum T4 and T3 concentrations within 3 weeks, normalization of serum @entity9808 may take several more weeks. This prospective study in a large out- @entity1 clinic shows that 4% of @entity1 with treated @entity1375 may have elevation of serum @entity9808 to more than twice the upper limit of normal, while serum T4 and T3 are clearly normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum XXXX concentration as an aid to monitoring compliance with thyroid hormone therapy in @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['treated hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TSH', 'thyroid-stimulating hormone']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity9808 :: (MESH:C536917,Disease) :: ['TSH']


abstract: To monitor the compliance of @entity1 taking @entity1955 as replacement therapy for @entity1375 , the authors measured serum @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ), free @entity1955 index (FT4I), and free @entity1954 index (FT3I) in @entity1 attending the endocrine clinic. During a 6-month period, there were 159 visits by 132 @entity1 with @entity1375 . Five of the 132 @entity1 had @entity9808 levels greater than 12 microU/ml (normal, 0.3-5.7 microU/ml), with FT3I greater than 85 (normal, 70-160) and FT4I greater than 7 (normal, 4.2-11). Four others had @entity9808 greater than 6 microU/ml with normal FT3I and normal FT4I. These nine @entity1 had normal thyroid tests documented on replacement therapy in the past. Five of the nine admitted to discontinuing their medicine for more than 1 week or taking it erratically. Two untreated @entity1375 @entity1 had daily thyroid function tests after they were started on full replacement doses of @entity1955 . Both achieved FT4I greater than 4.2 by day 8 and FT3I greater than or equal to 70 by day 18, but serum @entity9808 concentration did not fall consistently below 20 microU/ml until day 23 in one @entity1 and day 21 in the other and did not fall to the normal range by discharge at day 37 in one @entity1 or day 42 in the other. Thus, although treatment with @entity1955 will normalize serum T4 and T3 concentrations within 3 weeks, normalization of serum @entity9808 may take several more weeks. This prospective study in a large out- @entity1 clinic shows that 4% of @entity1 with treated @entity1375 may have elevation of serum @entity9808 to more than twice the upper limit of normal, while serum T4 and T3 are clearly normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum @entity9808 concentration as an aid to monitoring compliance with thyroid hormone therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Ayurveda, asafetida is introduced as a valuable remedy for @entity11634 , @entity9496 , @entity2526 , @entity5695 , @entity55 and @entity3617 in @entity1 and also considered as an aphrodisiac agent. Presently, @entity232 is common in most countries of the world and is a serious health problem in the world. Some plant medicines and natural products have a new candidate for treatment of @entity232 . OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate Ferula assa-foetida oleo gum resin (asafetida) on mortality and morbidity @entity3667 in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mostigotes were isolated from @entity19 spleens and then transformed to promastigotes in Novy-Nicolle-Mac Neal (NNN medium supplemented with penicillin (100 U/ml), streptomycin (100  g/ml) and 20% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS) at 25  C. A fixed initial density of the parasites was transferred to screw-capped vials containing 5 ml of RPMI1640 media to which different concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20  g asafetida were added and each concentration was done in triplicates. Each run also included control. The mortality of parasitoids was measured by the slide and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. RESULTS: After 72 h, asafetida inhibited growth of parasites in all doses in stationary and logarithmic phases. The ELISA measurement suggested that the viability of parasites significantly decreased after 48h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that asafetida could prevent from growth and viability of parasites and this oleo gum resin can be useful for treatment of @entity232 .

title: Antileishmanial activity of Ferula assa-foetida oleo gum resin against XXXX : An in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['whooping cough']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis', 'leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity11634 :: ('MESH:D005414', 'Disease') :: ['flatulence']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['nervous disorders']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania major']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania major']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic therapy with a @entity1311 -eluting balloon (PEB) for biliary @entity850 ( @entity850 ) after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: This prospective pilot study enrolled 13 consecutive eligible @entity1 treated for symptomatic @entity850 after LT at the University Hospital of M  nster between January 2011 and March 2014. The @entity1 were treated by endoscopic therapy with a PEB and followed up every 8 wk by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In cases of re-stenosis, further @entity384 with a PEB was performed. Follow-up was continued until 24 mo after the last intervention. RESULTS: Initial technical feasibility, defined as successful @entity384 with a PEB during the initial ERCP procedure, was achieved in 100% of cases. Long-term clinical success (LTCS), defined as no need for further endoscopic intervention for at least 24 mo, was achieved in 12 of the 13 @entity1 (92.3%). The mean number of endoscopic interventions required to achieve LTCS was only 1.7    1.1. Treatment failure, defined as the need for definitive alternative treatment, occurred in only one @entity1 , who developed recurrent stenosis with increasing bile duct dilatation that required stent placement. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic therapy with a PEB is very effective for the treatment of @entity850 after LT, and seems to significantly shorten the overall duration of endoscopic treatment by reducing the number of interventions needed to achieve LTCS.

title: @entity1311 -eluting @entity384 of biliary XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stricture', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['anastomotic stricture']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic therapy with a @entity1311 -eluting balloon (PEB) for biliary @entity850 ( @entity850 ) after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: This prospective pilot study enrolled 13 consecutive eligible @entity1 treated for symptomatic @entity850 after LT at the University Hospital of M  nster between January 2011 and March 2014. The @entity1 were treated by endoscopic therapy with a PEB and followed up every 8 wk by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In cases of re-stenosis, further @entity384 with a PEB was performed. Follow-up was continued until 24 mo after the last intervention. RESULTS: Initial technical feasibility, defined as successful @entity384 with a PEB during the initial ERCP procedure, was achieved in 100% of cases. Long-term clinical success (LTCS), defined as no need for further endoscopic intervention for at least 24 mo, was achieved in 12 of the 13 @entity1 (92.3%). The mean number of endoscopic interventions required to achieve LTCS was only 1.7    1.1. Treatment failure, defined as the need for definitive alternative treatment, occurred in only one @entity1 , who developed recurrent stenosis with increasing bile duct dilatation that required stent placement. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic therapy with a PEB is very effective for the treatment of @entity850 after LT, and seems to significantly shorten the overall duration of endoscopic treatment by reducing the number of interventions needed to achieve LTCS.

title: XXXX -eluting @entity384 of biliary @entity850 after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic therapy with a @entity1311 -eluting balloon (PEB) for biliary @entity850 ( @entity850 ) after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: This prospective pilot study enrolled 13 consecutive eligible @entity1 treated for symptomatic @entity850 after LT at the University Hospital of M  nster between January 2011 and March 2014. The @entity1 were treated by endoscopic therapy with a PEB and followed up every 8 wk by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In cases of re-stenosis, further @entity384 with a PEB was performed. Follow-up was continued until 24 mo after the last intervention. RESULTS: Initial technical feasibility, defined as successful @entity384 with a PEB during the initial ERCP procedure, was achieved in 100% of cases. Long-term clinical success (LTCS), defined as no need for further endoscopic intervention for at least 24 mo, was achieved in 12 of the 13 @entity1 (92.3%). The mean number of endoscopic interventions required to achieve LTCS was only 1.7    1.1. Treatment failure, defined as the need for definitive alternative treatment, occurred in only one @entity1 , who developed recurrent stenosis with increasing bile duct dilatation that required stent placement. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic therapy with a PEB is very effective for the treatment of @entity850 after LT, and seems to significantly shorten the overall duration of endoscopic treatment by reducing the number of interventions needed to achieve LTCS.

title: @entity1311 -eluting XXXX of biliary @entity850 after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']