abstract: BACKGROUND: In the assessment of severity in @entity497 ( @entity497 ), the modified British @entity1514 Society (mBTS) rule identifies @entity1 with severe @entity55 but not @entity1 who might be suitable for home management. A multicentre study was conducted to derive and validate a practical severity assessment model for stratifying adults hospitalised with @entity497 into different management groups. METHODS: Data from three prospective studies of @entity497 conducted in the UK, New Zealand, and the Netherlands were combined. A derivation cohort comprising 80% of the data was used to develop the model. Prognostic variables were identified using multiple logistic regression with 30 day mortality as the outcome measure. The final model was tested against the validation cohort. RESULTS: 1068 @entity1 were studied (mean age 64 years, 51.5% male, 30 day mortality 9%). Age >/=65 years (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.0) and albumin <30 g/dl (OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.5 to 8.7) were independently associated with mortality over and above the mBTS rule (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.7 to 10). A six point score, one point for each of @entity911 , Urea >7 mmol/l, Respiratory rate >/=30/min, low systolic(<90 mm Hg) or diastolic (</=60 mm Hg) Blood pressure), age >/=65 years (CURB-65 score) based on information available at initial hospital assessment, enabled @entity1 to be stratified according to increasing risk of mortality: score 0, 0.7%; score 1, 3.2%; score 2, 3%; score 3, 17%; score 4, 41.5% and score 5, 57%. The validation cohort confirmed a similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS: A simple six point score based on @entity911 , @entity1133 , respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age can be used to stratify @entity1 with @entity497 into different management groups.

title: Defining XXXX severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion', 'confusion']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community acquired pneumonia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to carry out a community survey on schistosomiais and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in order to suggest feasible and effective intervention strategies in Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. A total of 37 communities selected from 23 districts of the 4 regions in the Lake Victoria basin of Tanzania were involved in the study. From each of the selected locality, 50 adult community members, 25 males and 25 females, were recruited for the study. Each study @entity1 was requested to submit stool and urine specimens. From each stool specimen, duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were prepared and microscopically examined for @entity380 and STH eggs. Urine specimens were processed by the filtration technique and microscopically examined for @entity4114 eggs. Ultrasound examination for morbidity due to @entity2040 was performed. Mass treatment was done using @entity2039 and @entity3753 for schistosome and STHs infections, respectively. Out of 1,606 adults who provided stool specimens, 199 (12.4%) were positive for @entity383 , 349 (21.7%) for hookworms, 133 (8.3%) for @entity9124 , and 33 (2.0%) for @entity13857 . Out of 1,400 @entity1 who provided urine specimens, 25 (1.8%) were positive for @entity4114 eggs. Because of the co-endemicity of these afflictions and their impact on vulnerable population groups, the @entity15235 could be simultaneously treated with 2 drugs, @entity2039 for @entity2040 and @entity3753 for STHs.

title: Prevalence of Schistosomes and Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Morbidity Associated with XXXX among Adult Population in Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity13857 :: ('36087', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris trichiura']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

entities_list: @entity15235 :: ('MESH:D006373', 'Disease') :: ['helminthiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['Schistosomiasis']


abstract: @entity3252 is considered as an important risk factor for bad obstetric history (BOH) and one of the major causes of congenitally acquired infections. The present study aimed to estimate the seropositivity of @entity3204 infection and associated risk factors among the attendees of high risk pregnancy and low risk antenatal care clinic of Minia Maternity and Pediatric University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. The study was carried out from April 2013 to April 2014 through 2 phases, the first phase was case-control study, and the second phase was follow-up with intervention. A total of 120 high risk pregnant and 120 normal pregnant females were submitted to clinical examinations, serological screening for anti- @entity3204 IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA, and an interview questionnaire. Seropositive cases were subjected to @entity7912 course treatment. The results showed that the seroprevalence of @entity3252 in high-risk pregnancy group was 50.8%, which was significantly different from that of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05). Analysis of seropositive @entity1 in relation to BOH showed that abortion was the commonest form of the pregnancy wastage (56.5%). The high prevalence of @entity3204 seropositive cases was observed in the age group of 21-30 years. Post-delivery adverse outcome was observed in 80.3% of high-risk pregnancy group compared to 20% of normal pregnancy group. There was a statistically significant relationship between seropositivity and living in rural area, low socioeconomic level, and undercooked meat consumption (P<0.05). Serological screening for anti- @entity3204 antibodies should be routine tests especially among high-risk pregnant @entity1 .

title: Seropositivity of XXXX in Pregnant @entity1 by ELISA at Minia University Hospital, Egypt.

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis', 'Toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity7912 :: ('MESH:D015572', 'Chemical') :: ['spiramycin']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'T. gondii']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['Toxoplasmosis']


abstract: @entity3252 is considered as an important risk factor for bad obstetric history (BOH) and one of the major causes of congenitally acquired infections. The present study aimed to estimate the seropositivity of @entity3204 infection and associated risk factors among the attendees of high risk pregnancy and low risk antenatal care clinic of Minia Maternity and Pediatric University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. The study was carried out from April 2013 to April 2014 through 2 phases, the first phase was case-control study, and the second phase was follow-up with intervention. A total of 120 high risk pregnant and 120 normal pregnant females were submitted to clinical examinations, serological screening for anti- @entity3204 IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA, and an interview questionnaire. Seropositive cases were subjected to @entity7912 course treatment. The results showed that the seroprevalence of @entity3252 in high-risk pregnancy group was 50.8%, which was significantly different from that of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05). Analysis of seropositive @entity1 in relation to BOH showed that abortion was the commonest form of the pregnancy wastage (56.5%). The high prevalence of @entity3204 seropositive cases was observed in the age group of 21-30 years. Post-delivery adverse outcome was observed in 80.3% of high-risk pregnancy group compared to 20% of normal pregnancy group. There was a statistically significant relationship between seropositivity and living in rural area, low socioeconomic level, and undercooked meat consumption (P<0.05). Serological screening for anti- @entity3204 antibodies should be routine tests especially among high-risk pregnant @entity1 .

title: Seropositivity of @entity3252 in Pregnant XXXX by ELISA at Minia University Hospital, Egypt.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: The ampulla of Vater (AV), with its strategic location and its remarkable predisposition to the development of various @entity5 , makes it very challenging for surgery. In this study we aimed to examine the prognostic factors in the treatment of early-stage @entity189 of the AV as well as to contribute to the choice of optimal surgical procedure. METHODS: We analyzed 109 AV @entity1 , hospitalized at the Clinical Center of Serbia from January 1999 to December 2008 and we compared the clinicopathological features, analyzed intra- and postoperative data, recurrences and survival, according to duodenopancreatectomy (DP) or local resection (LR). RESULTS: DP was performed in 83 and LR in 26 @entity1 . Overall survival (OS) was significantly influenced by the pathological (p) @entity5 stage ( @entity2558 /T2 vs @entity1803 /T4), pathological nodal stage (pN0 vs @entity3121 ), perineural and vascular invasion, grade of @entity5 differentiation (G1 vs G3), and resection margin status (R0 vs R1). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 64% 5-year overall survival of @entity1 with @entity2558 /T2 stage in the group with DP, and 58% in the group with LR (p>0.05). Survival analysis of @entity3121 @entity1 in these two groups showed statistically significant difference (DP 49.67 vs LR 28.68 months, p<0.05). @entity260 occurred more frequently in @entity1 treated with DP, compared with LR. @entity5 recurrence occurred in 23.07% of LR @entity1 and in 4.0% of DP @entity1 , in @entity2558 /T2 stage. The rate of in-hospital mortality was not significantly different in DP (9.78%) vs LR (0%) @entity1 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Resection is mandatory for all proven AV @entity5 , and DP is the treatment choice. LR, due to reduced morbidity and mortality, might be recommended in elderly @entity1 with comorbidities and in @entity1 with stage @entity2558 /T2, pN0 and well differentiated (G1,G2) @entity5 .

title: The importance of choice of resection procedures in T1 and T2 stage of XXXX of the ampulla of Vater.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 , the pathology underlying the majority of @entity453 . We previously identified several polymorphisms in the gene encoding @entity1495 . In this study we tested the hypothesis that variation in the @entity1495 gene influences the development of @entity731 . Three common polymorphisms, i. @entity72545 , @entity72546 and @entity72547 , were analysed in 1510 white subjects undergoing coronary angiography. Analyses of individual polymorphisms showed that the frequencies of the C/T and T/T genotypes of the @entity15606 polymorphism were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity3979 than in those with a normal angiogram. Logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals carrying the -1562T allele had an approx. 1.5-fold higher risk of developing @entity3979 (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.039-2.144), which was equivalent to an over 30% reduction in risk of @entity3979 in individuals not carrying this allele (OR 0.670, 95% CI 0.467-0.963). The three polymorphisms studied were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium. Haplotype analyses showed that the C-G-C haplotype (-1562C, +279Q and +6C) was associated with a protective effect against @entity731 . Individuals carrying this haplotype were at reduced risk of developing @entity3979 (OR 0.695, 95% CI 0.530.92). Furthermore, the C-G-C haplotype was associated with less severe @entity453 , i.e. carriers of this haplotype were at a lower risk of having @entity3979 in more than one coronary artery (OR 0.796, 95% CI 0.640.99). These data, together with the previous finding that the -1562T allele has a higher transcriptional activity than the -1562C allele, support the notion that genetic variation with an effect on @entity1495 expression influences the development and progression of @entity731 .

title: Haplotypic analysis of the XXXX gene in relation to @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 , the pathology underlying the majority of @entity453 . We previously identified several polymorphisms in the gene encoding @entity1495 . In this study we tested the hypothesis that variation in the @entity1495 gene influences the development of @entity731 . Three common polymorphisms, i. @entity72545 , @entity72546 and @entity72547 , were analysed in 1510 white subjects undergoing coronary angiography. Analyses of individual polymorphisms showed that the frequencies of the C/T and T/T genotypes of the @entity15606 polymorphism were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity3979 than in those with a normal angiogram. Logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals carrying the -1562T allele had an approx. 1.5-fold higher risk of developing @entity3979 (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.039-2.144), which was equivalent to an over 30% reduction in risk of @entity3979 in individuals not carrying this allele (OR 0.670, 95% CI 0.467-0.963). The three polymorphisms studied were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium. Haplotype analyses showed that the C-G-C haplotype (-1562C, +279Q and +6C) was associated with a protective effect against @entity731 . Individuals carrying this haplotype were at reduced risk of developing @entity3979 (OR 0.695, 95% CI 0.530.92). Furthermore, the C-G-C haplotype was associated with less severe @entity453 , i.e. carriers of this haplotype were at a lower risk of having @entity3979 in more than one coronary artery (OR 0.796, 95% CI 0.640.99). These data, together with the previous finding that the -1562T allele has a higher transcriptional activity than the -1562C allele, support the notion that genetic variation with an effect on @entity1495 expression influences the development and progression of @entity731 .

title: Haplotypic analysis of the @entity1495 gene in relation to XXXX .

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity4536 is a vector-borne @entity2878 of the skin. Several species of @entity3667 cause this disease in the Old World. It is manifested as chronic nodular to ulcerative lesions of the skin, which last for many months and may be disfiguring. They eventually heal leaving a scar. Local care of the lesion and treatment of secondary @entity2348 are essential for healing. Antileishmania therapy is indicated in immunocompromised hosts, @entity1 with progressive, multiple, or critically located lesions. Pentavalent antimony compounds remain the main therapeutic option for all species. They are given intravenously (i.v.), intramuscularly (i.m.), or intralesionally. Cryotherapy, and some systemic antifungal agents have been used successfully. Oral @entity8201 are promising new treatments for lesions caused by @entity3667 . Several other alternatives and their evidence are also presented.

title: XXXX of the Old World.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity2878 :: ('MESH:D020808', 'Disease') :: ['protozoal infection']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. Major', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous Leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of newly developed ceftizoxime suppository ( @entity8934 -S) was studied in healthy volunteers and in @entity1 , compared with that of intramuscular @entity8934 and intravenous @entity8934 : In 8 volunteers (aged 19 to 24 years), each of 500 mg (potency) @entity8934 -S containing 3%, 4% and 5% @entity27145 was compared with 500 mg intramuscular @entity8934 and 500 mg intravenous @entity8934 as a single administration in the cross-over method. In addition each of 500 mg @entity8934 -S containing 4% and 5% @entity27145 was studied in 2 groups of 8 volunteers (aged 22 to 24 years) and of 8 volunteers (aged 19 to 27 years); each @entity8934 -S was given 3 times a day successively for 5 days. The pharmacokinetics of 125 mg and 250 mg @entity8934 -S, which contained 3% @entity27145 , were also evaluated as a single administration in 9 @entity1 (aged 6 years 4 months to 12 years 0 month) and in 11 @entity1 (aged 7 years 8 months to 12 years 4 months), respectively. The irritabilities of @entity8934 -S were studied in all subjects who participated in this trial. The feeling of foreign body, the feeling of @entity809 and the @entity158 were evaluated in volunteers; the feeling of defecation and the @entity158 were evaluated in @entity1 . The results were as follows: I. Pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers 1. Given as a single administration The mean peak concentrations of serum @entity8934 were occurred 30 minutes after 500 mg @entity8934 -S containing 3%, 4% and 5% @entity27145 , which were 10.5 mcg/ml, 12.3 mcg/ml and 12.4 mcg/ml, respectively. These values were 1.35 mcg/ml, 1.60 mcg/ml and 1.69 mcg/ml at the conversion unit of 1 mg dose per 1 kg body weight. The mean peak serum @entity8934 concentration of @entity8934 -S containing 3% @entity27145 was slightly lower than that of @entity8934 -S containing 4% or 5% @entity27145 , but was 1.9 times higher than that of the ABPC suppository. There was no marked difference among 3 preparations of @entity8934 -S in mean Tmax and T1/2. Cmax of @entity8934 -S containing 3% @entity27145 was 1.40 mcg/ml at the conversion unit of 1 mg/kg. AUC of @entity8934 -S containing 3% @entity27145 was slightly smaller than that of @entity8934 -S containing 4% or 5% @entity27145 , but 3.1 times that of the ABPC suppository in healthy volunteers. When 500 mg @entity8934 was intramuscularly administered by one shot to 8 volunteers, Tmax was same as that of @entity8934 -S or was slightly later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Fundamental study on ceftizoxime suppositories in adults and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['defecation, the burning sensation']

entities_list: @entity27145 :: ('MESH:C031071', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium caprate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The assessment of the accuracy of Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT) for the follow-up of pulmonary vascular system after the shunt operation in cyanotic @entity299 was purpose of the study. The study group consists of 16 consecutive @entity1 with @entity299 who had Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt (n=7), bi- directional cavo-pulmonary shunt (BCPS, n=7) and unifocalization (n=2). EBT images were obtained on systolic phase under EKG gating and after intravenous administration of contrast agent. We evaluated the shunt patency, anatomy of @entity358 , parenchymal pulmonary vessels and background lung attenuation for the pulmonary blood flow, and the presence of systemic arterial and venous collaterals. Angiography (n=12) and echocardiography (n=16) were used as the gold standards. EBCT was consistent with angiogram in detecting the shunt patency and in depicting the anatomy of the @entity358 . Occlusion of the BT shunts was not detected in 2 @entity1 by echocardiography. Diffuse or focally decreased pulmonary flow on EBCT in 8 @entity1 was consistent with the pulmonary hemodynamics pattern revealed by cardiac catheterization. Uneven attenuation between lobes was related with multifocal supply of pulmonary flow or occlusion of lobar pulmonary arteries. Systemic collateral arteries were observed in 5 at the corresponding site of the decreased pulmonary flow. Systemic venous collaterals seen in all @entity1 following BCPS were eventually draining to the inferior vena cava in 5 and to the left atrium in 2. EBCT provided accurate information of the pulmonary vascular system after shunt and has unique advantage over echocardiography in assessing patency of BT shunt or unifocalization tubes within the pleural space, the estimation of regional difference in pulmonary hemodynamics, and the detection of systemic collateral vessels. Therefore EBCT may provide useful information about the timing of definitive correction and the need for a second shunt or an interventional procedure prior to total repair.

title: Evaluation of the post-shunt status with electron beam computed tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['intrapericardial pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart diseases', 'cyanotic congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cyanotic congenital heart disease']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the midterm hemodynamic and functional outcome of pulmonary endarterectomy ( @entity3587 ) for @entity1 with advanced @entity120 ( @entity120 ). METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity3587 for @entity120 from May 2004 to March 2012. All @entity1 were followed prospectively at six months postoperatively and annually thereafter. Each @entity1 underwent serial cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and transthoracic echocardiography, and were followed for up to four years. RESULTS: Overall, 31.5% (12/38) of @entity1 had Jamieson class II disease while 65.8% (25/38) had @entity66 . There were three in-hospital mortalities (7.9%), all of which had baseline pulmonary vasculature resistance (PVR) greater than 1400   dynes-sec-cm(-5) . Preoperative PVR and mean pulmonary artery pressure were 1209        723   dynes-sec-cm(-5) and 50        14   mmHg, respectively, signifying a high-risk operative group. Ninety-seven percent of @entity1 were in NYHA class III or IV preoperatively. At median follow-up of 29 months 89.5% (17/19) of @entity1 were in NYHA class I or II. CPET revealed a progressive increase in peak @entity26 consumption from 16.5        4.1   ml/kg/min at first follow-up, to a plateau of 20.2        5.6   ml/kg/min (p   =   0.032) at two years. CONCLUSIONS: CPET can be used to quantify progress in functional capacity post- @entity120 , although improvements in peak @entity26 consumption plateau at two years.

title: Operative and Functional Outcome After Pulmonary Endarterectomy for Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['class III disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Appendectomy in the course of @entity697 is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedure in general surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopic and conventional treatments for @entity697 in a prospective, randomized, unicenter study. METHODS: The study involved 200 @entity1 treated for @entity697 in the Department of General and Vascular Surgery at Ceynowa Hospital in Wejherowo, Poland. RESULTS: The mean operative time for open surgery was 36.99 min. For laparoscopic method the operation was longer, requiring 47.75 min. Suction drainage was applied in 23 @entity1 treated conventionally and 50 @entity1 treated laparoscopically ( p < 0.05). The requirement for analgesia, measured by the number of metamizole ampules, was significantly higher in the conventional group. @entity158 on postoperative days 2 and 7 measured using a visual analog scale, was significantly more severe for the @entity1 treated conventionally. The hospital stay in both groups did not differ significantly: 5.03 days for the conventional group and 4.71 days for the laparoscopic group. The time until return to work and social activities in the laparoscopic group (15.85 days) and was significantly shorter than in the conventional group (19.65 days). Seven complications occurred in the conventional group (6.7%) and nine (9.4%) in the laparoscopic group. The difference was not statistically significant. No @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the conducted study, it may be assumed that laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe procedure, and that postoperative morbidity is comparable with that for a conventional operation. There was less postoperative @entity158 and shorter recovery time after laparoscopic surgery than after the open procedure.

title: A prospective, randomized, unicenter study comparing laparoscopic and open treatments of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the predictors of postoperative aggravation of shoulder imbalance in severe and rigid @entity1514 . METHODS: In this study, 49 @entity1 with severe and rigid @entity1514 were analyzed retrospectively. The @entity1 underwent whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiography preoperatively and postoperatively. On the radiographs, we measured parameters, including T1 tilt, radiographic shoulder height (RSH), proximal curve, middle curve, distal curve, apical vertebral translation (AVT) of the middle curve, thoracic trunk shift (TTS), coronal balance, and sagittal balance. We regarded RSH and T1 tilt as postoperative shoulder balance parameters and divided the @entity1 into improved and aggravated groups of shoulder imbalance. Univariate analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS: The RSH was -17.01      21.85  mm before surgery and 4.76      18.11  mm at follow-up. The T1 tilt angle was -10.20        19.53   before surgery and -2.72        13.48   at follow-up. The results of the univariate analysis suggest that preoperative RSH and proximal to middle curve change ratio were significantly higher in the @entity1 in the improved RSH group (p  <  0.01). In addition, preoperative RSH, preoperative T1 tilt, and apical vertebral translation of the middle curve were significantly higher, and preoperative proximal curve, postoperative proximal curve, and preoperative distal curve were significantly lower in the @entity1 with improved T1 tilt group (p  <  0.01). In a binary logistic regression analysis, preoperative RSH [B  =  -0.120, odds ratio (OR)  =  0.887, p  =  0.006] was found to be an independent predictor of postoperative aggravation of RSH. Similarly, preoperative T1 tilt (B  =  -0.488, OR  =  0.614, p  =  0.001) was found to be an independent predictor of postoperative aggravation of T1 tilt. Moreover, the relationship between changes in RSH and T1 tilt was either concordant or discordant. CONCLUSION: Several radiographic parameters were found to affect postoperative aggravation of RSH and T1 tilt. In particular, preoperative RSH and T1 tilt were found to be independent predictive factors of postoperative aggravation of RSH and T1 tilt, respectively.

title: Evaluation of the predictors of postoperative aggravation of shoulder imbalance in severe and rigid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic or thoracolumbar scoliosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic or thoracolumbar scoliosis']


abstract: N. Sativa L., an oriental spice, has long been used as a natural medicine for treatment of many acute as well as chronic conditions. It has been used in the treatment of @entity6 , @entity101 , and dermatological conditions. There has been very few studies on the effects of N. Sativa as @entity5 prevention/therapy. Our objective therefore, was to expose MCF-7 @entity0 cells to aqueous and @entity167 extracts and in combination with @entity274 as an oxidative stressor. Measurement of cell survival under various concentrations and combinations was conducted using standard cell culture techniques, exposure protocols in 96 well plates and Fluoro-spectrosphotometry. Following cellular growth to 90% confluency, exposure to water (WE) and @entity1068 (AE) extracts of N. sativa and @entity274 was performed. @entity137 index (LC50) was calculated from percent survival using regression analysis. Results showed that the @entity167 extract and its combinations were able to completely inactivate the MCF-7 cells (LC50 ranged from 377.16-573.79 in descending potency for @entity274 + AE, AE and Mix of WE and AE). @entity274 alone effectively inactivated MCF-7 cells (LC50 = 460.94). The least effective combinations in descending potency were WE + @entity274 , WE + AE + @entity274 , and WE (LC50 were 725.79, 765.94, and 940.5 respectively. Combinations other than AE + @entity274 showed possible interactions, which lead to reduction in their potency. In conclusion, N. Sativa alone or in combination with oxidative stress were found to be effective in vitro in inactivating MCF-7 @entity0 cells, unveiling opportunities for promising results in the field of prevention and treatment of @entity5 .

title: Effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa L.) and oxidative stress on the survival pattern of MCF-7 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Experience of catheter ablation of pediatric @entity591 ( @entity591 ) is still limited. There are data which were gathered prior to the introduction of modern 3D mapping and navigation systems into the clinical routine. Accordingly, procedures were associated with significant fluoroscopy and low success rates. The aim of this study was to present clinical and electrophysiological details of catheter ablation of pediatric @entity591 using modern mapping systems. Since March 2003, 17 consecutive @entity1 <20  years underwent electrophysiological study (EPS) for @entity591 using the NavX(  ) system (n  =  7), the non-contact mapping system (n  =  6) or the LocaLisa(  ) system (n  =  4), respectively. Radiofrequency was the primary energy source; cryoablation was performed in selected @entity1 with a focus close to the AV node. In 16 @entity1 , a total number of 19 @entity955 (right-sided n  =  13, left-sided n  =  6) could be targeted. In the remaining @entity1 , @entity591 was not present/inducible during EPS. On an intention-to-treat basis, acute success was achieved in 14/16 @entity1 (87.5  %) with a median number of 11 (1-31) energy applications. Ablation was unsuccessful in two @entity1 due to an epicardial location of a right atrial focus (n  =  1) and a focus close to the His bundle (n  =  1), respectively. Median procedure time was 210 (84-332)  min, and median fluoroscopy time was 13.1 (4.5-22.5)  min. In pediatric @entity1 with @entity591 , 3D mapping and catheter ablation provided improved clinical quality of care. Catheter ablation may be considered early in the course of treatment of this @entity591 in symptomatic @entity1 .

title: Catheter Ablation of Pediatric Focal XXXX : Ten-Year Experience Using Modern Mapping Systems.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['focal atrial tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmia', 'FAT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial foci']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['Atrial Tachycardia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A few trials so far have evaluated the effectiveness of algorithms designed to calculate doses in oral anticoagulant therapy, with negative or contradictory results. We compared a genotype-guided algorithm vs physician management for the initiation of @entity11271 . In a two-arm, prospective, randomised study with @entity1 with @entity955 who started therapy, the first dose was administered to all @entity1 according to the physician's criteria. At 72 hours, the corresponding dose was calculated based on INR in the standard care group (SC, N=92), whereas genetic data ( @entity5058 , @entity5060 and @entity5062 ) were also considered for the genotype-guided dosing (pharmacogenetic) group (PGx, N=87) by using an algorithm previously validated in 2,683 @entity1 . The primary outcomes were: @entity1 with steady dose, the time needed to reach the same and the percentage of therapeutic INRs. After 90 days, 25   % of the SC and 39   % of the PGx @entity1 reached the steady dose (p=0.038). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that PGx group needed fewer days to reach therapeutic INR (p=0.033). Additionally, PGx had a higher percentage of therapeutic INRs than SC @entity1 (50   % and 45   %, respectively) (p=0.046). After six months the proportion of steadily anticoagulated @entity1 remained significantly higher in PGx (p=0.010). In conclusion, genotype-guided dosing was associated with a higher percentage of @entity1 with steady dose than routine practice when starting oral anticoagulation with @entity11271 .

title: Genotype-guided therapy improves initial XXXX dosing. Results from a prospective randomised study.

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity11271 :: (MESH:D000074,Chemical) :: ['acenocoumarol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate factors that may predict @entity263 ( @entity263 ) detection after initial diagnosis of high-grade @entity5436 (HGPIN) on 6-24 cores prostatic biopsies (PBx). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 193 @entity1 submitted from 1998 to 2007 to prostate re-biopsy after initial HGPIN diagnosis in three urologic departments. HGPIN diagnosis was obtained on initial systematic PBx with 6 to 24 random cores. All @entity1 were re-biopsied with a "saturation" PBx with 18-26 cores with a median time to re-biopsy of 12 months. All slides were reviewed by expert uro-pathologists. RESULTS: Plurifocal HGPIN (pHGPIN) was found in 103 @entity1 and monofocal HGPIN (mHGPIN) in 90. Seventy-two and 121 @entity1 were submitted to > 12-core initial biopsy and < or = 12-core, respectively. Overall @entity263 detection at re-biopsy was 28.4%. PSA (6.7 vs 8.5 ng/ml; p = 0.029) and age (64 vs 68 years; p = 0.005) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity263 at re-biopsy. @entity263 detection was significantly higher in @entity1 who underwent a < or = 12-core initial PBx than in those with > 12-core (35.5% vs 16.8%; p = 0.03), and in @entity1 with pHGPIN than in those with mHGPIN (34.9% vs 21%; p = 0.035). At multivariable analysis, PSA value (p = 0.007; HR:1.18), prostate volume (p = 0.01; HR:0.966), age (p < 0.001; HR:1.15), pHGPIN (p = 0.003; HR:2.97) and < or = 12-core initial biopsy (p = 0.012; HR:3.62) were independent predictors of PC detection. We further analysed the 2 groups of @entity1 submitted to < or = 12-core and > 12-core initial PBx. Plurifocal HGPIN and older age at biopsy were independent predictors in @entity1 with < or = 12-core initial PBx. On the contrary, in @entity1 with > 12-core initial biopsy, higher PSA values and lower prostate volume were independent predictors of PC detection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity263 detection on saturation re-biopsy after initial diagnosis of HGPIN is significantly higher in @entity1 submitted to < or = 12-core than those submitted to > 12-core initial PBx. In @entity1 with < or = 12-core initial biopsy pHGPIN and older age were predictors of @entity263 detection at re-biopsy. In @entity1 with > 12-core initial biopsy, higher PSA values and lower prostate volume was associated to an increased risk of @entity263 detection at re-biopsy.

title: Diagnosis of high-grade XXXX : the impact of the number of biopsy cores at initial sampling on cancer detection after a saturation re-biopsy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the availability of effective therapeutics and evidence-based treatment guidelines, a substantial proportion of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 does not receive appropriate care. This under-provision of health care may cause further worsening of health, remarkable limitations of the @entity1 's quality of life, and indirect costs for the health care system. In order to provide guideline-compliant care for every @entity1569 @entity1 , it is important to identify barriers obstructing optimal care. Studies have identified various barriers on the physician's and on the @entity1 's side; however, respective studies approached only single barriers, and not all of them in the context of @entity1569 . Other publications that describe barriers systematically did not focus on @entity1569 either. The objective of this literature review was to identify barriers and facilitators, based on studies analysing quality of care and single barriers, resulting in a comprehensive model of causal factors. Our analyses revealed three categories of barriers - @entity1 -related, physician-related and external factors: On the @entity1 side, we found non-adherence to therapies to be an important barrier, often in close association with @entity146 factors. Barriers on the physician's side predominantly are incomplete knowledge of the guidelines as well as the complexity of @entity1569 comorbidity. In some countries, payment for @entity1 with complex disease status is poor and inconsistent reimbursement regulations potentially interfere with optimal care. The current analysis indicates that most barriers are interdependent. Thus, measures approaching related barriers simultaneously are required. To improve care for @entity1569 @entity1 , further studies systematically addressing all potentially relevant barriers in conjoint are needed.

title: Barriers to guideline-compliant XXXX care: analyses and concepts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: This study compared costs of treating @entity235 with pyothorax medically versus surgically. Medical records from the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine were searched for cases of pyothorax that underwent either medical or surgical treatment. @entity1 undergoing surgery were subdivided into early (ES; < 48 h) and late ( @entity8433 ; > 48 h) surgery groups. Costs and length of stay were compared between treatment groups. Treatment costs were adjusted for inflation. Nineteen @entity235 were included in analysis; 7 in the @entity910 ( @entity910 ), 5 in the ES group, and 7 in the @entity8433 group. Total costs were significantly lower in the @entity910 than in the @entity8433 group. Total costs were less for the @entity910 than the ES group, and for ES than @entity8433 , but the differences did not achieve significance. Preoperative costs were higher in the @entity8433 than the ES group. We conclude that surgery for @entity235 pyothorax is less costly if pursued earlier than later.

title: Retrospective comparison of costs between medical and surgical treatment of XXXX pyothorax.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medical group']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: We analyzed the characteristics of 120 @entity1 of primary @entity2 supposed to be induced by exposure to @entity1355 . Most of 120 @entity1 were male and the age ranged from 47 to 87 years with a median of 70 years. No particular tendency was observed in the histological types of the @entity2 in 120 @entity1 . Forty of the 120 @entity1 were heavy smokers. When the occupational history was analyzed, most of the @entity1 had been exposed to @entity1355 in former Japanese naval shipyard, commercial shipyards, construction industry and ironworks. The term of @entity1355 exposure was 2 to 60 years with a median 27 years. @entity2 appeared after 15 to 69 years with a median 43 years from the initial exposure to @entity1355 . @entity2 was accompanied by @entity1355 in 35 @entity1 and by @entity456 in 77. Twenty-two @entity1 had both @entity1355 and @entity456 . The number of @entity1355 bodies per 5 g wet lung tissue for 72 @entity1 whose lung tissues obtained from autopsy or surgery was more than 150 bodies which meant the number of occupational @entity1355 exposure. As for the kinds of @entity1355 fibers of 32 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 exposed to crocidolite, 10 @entity1 to amosite and 8 @entity1 to chrysotile.

title: Clinical study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'Lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural plaques']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['asbestos-related lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few psychometric studies of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) scale have been performed with clinical samples of elderly individuals. METHODS: The @entity1 were 484 elderly (65-101 years, 241 @entity1 ) @entity1 in an acute medical unit. The HADS, the Montgomery-Aasberg @entity308 Rating Scale (MADRS) and questionnaires assessing quality of @entity73 , and cognitive function were used. The psychometric evaluation of the HADS included the following analyses: 1) the internal construct validity by means of principal component analysis followed by an oblique rotation and corrected item-total correlation; 2) the internal consistency reliability by means of the alpha coefficient (Cronbach's) and 3) concurrent validity by means of Spearman's rho. RESULTS: We found a two-factor solution explaining 45% of the variance. Six of seven items loaded adequately (>= 0.40) on the HADS-A subscale (item 7 did not) and five of seven items loaded adequately on the HADS-D subscale (items 8 and 10 did not). Cronbach's alpha for the HADS-A and HADS-D subscale was 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. The correlation between HADS-D and the MADRS, a measure of the concurrent validity, was 0.51. CONCLUSION: The HADS appears to differentiate well between @entity308 and @entity148 . The internal consistency of the HADS in a sample of elderly @entity1 was as satisfactory as it is in samples with younger @entity1 . In contrast to younger samples, item 8 ("I feel as if I have slowed down") did not load adequately on the HADS-D subscale. This may be attributed to the way elderly @entity1 experience and describe their symptoms.

title: A psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and XXXX Scale for the medically hospitalized elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life, functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: AIM: To examine the safety and efficacy of @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) @entity801 treatment compared with conventional 8-hourly dosing (TDS) for @entity293 ( @entity293 ). METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of @entity1 1 mo to 13 y of age with presumed @entity293 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity2794 @entity801 5 mg kg(-1) d(-1) or TDS @entity801 6 mg kg(-1) d(-1) divided 8 hourly. Microbiological efficacy, nephrotoxicity, @entity2167 and renal scarring were assessed at the end of treatment. RESULTS: 210 @entity1 with presumed @entity293 were recruited, of whom 172 were analysable ( @entity2794 84, TDS 88). The median age was 7 mo, 50% were male and 74% (n = 127) of @entity1 had @entity2885 . The majority of @entity281 were due to @entity526 (n = 153, 89%), of which 9 (5.2%) were bacteraemic. Comparing the two groups, there was no significant difference in age, gender, duration of fever before admission, @entity4658 , @entity3542 positivity or initial total white blood cell count. All @entity1 had negative urine cultures after 2-3 d of treatment, demonstrating 100% microbiological efficacy. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of @entity2167 , nephrotoxicity, duration of @entity801 treatment or time to @entity221 . CONCLUSION: @entity2794 @entity801 is as efficacious as TDS @entity801 in the treatment of @entity293 in @entity1 , with no difference in @entity2167 and nephrotoxicity.

title: Treatment of @entity293 with XXXX once or three times daily.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever defervescence']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: AIM: To examine the safety and efficacy of @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) @entity801 treatment compared with conventional 8-hourly dosing (TDS) for @entity293 ( @entity293 ). METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of @entity1 1 mo to 13 y of age with presumed @entity293 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity2794 @entity801 5 mg kg(-1) d(-1) or TDS @entity801 6 mg kg(-1) d(-1) divided 8 hourly. Microbiological efficacy, nephrotoxicity, @entity2167 and renal scarring were assessed at the end of treatment. RESULTS: 210 @entity1 with presumed @entity293 were recruited, of whom 172 were analysable ( @entity2794 84, TDS 88). The median age was 7 mo, 50% were male and 74% (n = 127) of @entity1 had @entity2885 . The majority of @entity281 were due to @entity526 (n = 153, 89%), of which 9 (5.2%) were bacteraemic. Comparing the two groups, there was no significant difference in age, gender, duration of fever before admission, @entity4658 , @entity3542 positivity or initial total white blood cell count. All @entity1 had negative urine cultures after 2-3 d of treatment, demonstrating 100% microbiological efficacy. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of @entity2167 , nephrotoxicity, duration of @entity801 treatment or time to @entity221 . CONCLUSION: @entity2794 @entity801 is as efficacious as TDS @entity801 in the treatment of @entity293 in @entity1 , with no difference in @entity2167 and nephrotoxicity.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity801 once or three times daily.

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the trend in Cesarean section deliveries and the factors associated with Cesarean sections in @entity233 . Data come from the ever-married @entity1 questionnaire of the 1998 Turkish @entity283 (TDHS-98). During the decade preceding the TDHS-98, the proportion of deliveries by Cesarean section increased from 5.7% to 20.8%. When only hospital births were considered, the percentage of Cesarean deliveries for the year 1998 was found to be 26.1%. The estimated rate for the year 2001 was around 30% (i.e. double the maximum rate of Cesarean sections defined by the World Health Organization). Logistic regression analysis performed for the births occurring in the most recent period of 1993-98 revealed that the highest Cesarean section rate was strongly associated with maternal education, maternal age, place of delivery, number with prenatal care and household welfare. These findings imply that @entity1 with higher socioeconomic status are more likely to accept Cesarean section than @entity1 with lower socioeconomic status. The trend of increasing Cesarean section rates is a problem in itself, but more importantly it may indicate that @entity233 is headed toward a more costly medical delivery system. For all of these reasons, the reduction of Cesarean section rates should be a priority for any reproductive health program in @entity233 in order to improve the quality of prenatal care and to reduce the number of maternal deaths and morbidity.

title: Increased cesarean section rates in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic and Health Survey']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Time- and dose-dependent correlations of @entity30170 (CB) hepatotoxic effects were studied in view of (1) assumed mechanistic similarities to @entity35326 (BB), (2) the paucity of these data for CB, and (3) the relatively greater environmental importance of CB compared with BB. An ip dosage of 9.8 mmol/kg CB (approximately equal to LD10) produced evidence of @entity99 over a 72-hr time course. @entity8600 (BSP) retention was maximized 3-16 hr post-treatment and normalized after 72 hr, whereas plasma @entity493 aminotransferase activity (ALT) and morphological evidence of damage were maximized about 48 hr after dosing. Maximal covalent binding to liver protein (3.07 nmol/mg) had occurred by 24 hr and approximately 36% of the administered dose had appeared in the urine by 48 hr. Liver and plasma CB concentrations were proportionally increased over the dosage range 2.0-14.7 mmol/kg but marked centrolobular @entity39 and ALT elevations were seen only at the two highest dosages (9.8 and 14.7 mmol/kg). On the other hand, all doses @entity308 hepatic @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) to between 30 and 40% of control by 4 hr. Evidence of rapid recovery was evident at 2.0 and 4.9 mmol/kg but @entity2197 levels remained low through 8 hr after 9.8 or 14.7 mmol/kg. Liver/body weight ratios were increased to a similar extent at all dosages when measured 24 hr post-treatment. Urinary excretion ranged from 59% at the low dosage to only 19% at the highest dosage by 24 hr. Dose-related covalent binding to liver protein at 24 hr occurred up to 9.8 mmol/kg but the binding associated with 14.7 mmol/kg was equivalent to that seen with the 4.9 mmol/kg dosage (1.6 nmol/mg protein). @entity1447 levels were @entity308 to between 50 and 80% of control 24 hr post-treatment with no clear dose relationship. While the hepatotoxic effects of CB and BB appear similar, these data suggest that some mechanistic differences are involved.

title: Temporal and dose-response features of XXXX hepatotoxicity in rats.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity30170 :: ('MESH:C031294', 'Chemical') :: ['monochlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity8600 :: ('MESH:D013448', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfobromophthalein']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity35326 :: ('MESH:C032036', 'Chemical') :: ['bromobenzene']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver toxicity']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity30170 :: (MESH:C031294,Chemical) :: ['monochlorobenzene']


abstract: An up-and down method for acute @entity137 (LD50) testing has been developed and statistically evaluated. Compared with the "classical" procedure, this method permits a major reduction in the number of animals used. In the up-and-down procedure, animals are dosed one at a time. If an animal survives, the dose for the next animal is increased; if it dies, the dose is decreased. A survey of 48 acute @entity137 tests in @entity35 showed that the great majority of the animals that ultimately died did so within 1 or 2 days. Because of this, it suffices to observe each animal for 1 or 2 days before dosing the next animal. It is recommended, however, that surviving animals be monitored for delayed @entity204 for a total of 7 days. The procedure for estimating the LD50 takes into account all @entity204 , and may be performed using widely available computer program packages. Testing in females alone is recommended, based on the observation that they were generally more sensitive in the survey of 48 studies; selective follow-up in males may sometimes be indicated. The procedure has been tested, by simulation, on 10 of the survey studies. It produced excellent agreement with the original studies. The 95% confidence interval for the LD50 averaged +/- 32% by the up-and-down method, compared with +/- 15% for conventional studies using 40 to 50 animals. The up-and-down procedure will require only 6 to 10 animals, provided that the initial estimate of the LD50 is within a factor of 2 of the true LD50. The method cannot be recommended for testing materials where @entity204 beyond 2 days postdosing are the rule.

title: An up-and-down procedure for acute XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Internalization and recycling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as the mu-opioid receptor, largely depend on agonist stimulation. Agonist-promoted internalization of some GPCRs has been shown to mediate receptor desensitization, resensitization, and down-regulation. In this study, we investigated whether different mu opioid agonists displayed different effects in receptor internalization and recycling, the potential mechanisms involved in @entity72548 -induced internalization process. In transfected Sf9 insect cells expressing 6His-tagged wild type mu opioid receptor, exposure to 100 nM @entity72548 caused a maximum internalization of the receptor at 30 min and receptors seemed to reappear at the cell membrane after 60 min as determined by radioligand binding assay. @entity72548 -induced @entity1 mu opioid receptor internalization was concentration-dependent, with about 40% of the receptors internalized following a 30-min exposure to 1 microM @entity72548 . 10 microM @entity1286 and 1 microM @entity7862 could also induce about 40% internalization. The antagonist @entity1510 and pretreatment with pertussis toxin both blocked @entity72548 -induced internalization without affecting internalization themselves. Incubation with @entity969 0.45 M significantly inhibited @entity72548 -induced internalization of the mu receptor. The removal of agonists @entity72548 and @entity1286 resulted in the receptors gradually returning to the cell surface over a 60 min period, while the removal of agonist @entity7862 only partly resulted in the receptor recycling. The results of this study suggest that @entity72548 -induced internalization of @entity1 mu opioid receptor in Sf9 insect cells occurs via Gi/o protein-dependent process that likely involves @entity558 . In addition, the recycling process displays the differential modes of action of different agonists.

title: Internalization and recycling of XXXX mu opioid receptors expressed in Sf9 insect cells.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['clathrin-coated pits']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity72548 :: ('MESH:C037016', 'Chemical') :: ['Ohmefentanyl', 'ohmefentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated the suppression of Leydig cell steroidogenesis by @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) in vitro. Since the circulating level of @entity1831 is too low to mediate a testicular action of this peptide, we have conducted studies to identify testicular @entity1831 -like substances. The supernatant of homogenized, acid-extracted @entity35 testes was found to contain @entity1831 immunoreactivity which showed parallelism with synthetic @entity1831 in a specific radioimmunoassay for @entity1831 . Chromatography of this extract on a Sephadex G-25 column produced three peaks of @entity1831 immunoreactivity. The largest peak eluted close to the column void volume, a second smaller peak eluted at the total column volume, while a third peak co-eluted with synthetic @entity1831 . Following @entity1324 precipitation, ether extraction, and @entity10197 (C18) adsorption chromatography of the acid extract, the third peak of @entity1831 immunoreactivity (about 600 pg/testis) was fully retained by C18 chromatography and showed parallelism with synthetic @entity1831 in both radioimmuno- and radioreceptor assays. This substance also co-migrated with synthetic @entity1831 on both Sephadex G-25 and reverse-phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC). The second peak was only partially retained by C18 adsorption chromatography, dilution curves were not parallel with synthetic @entity1831 in radioimmuno- or radioreceptor assay, and this material failed to co-migrate with synthetic @entity1831 on Sephadex G-25 and RPTLC. The first peak of apparent @entity1831 immunoreactivity was associated with an enzyme(s) that degraded labeled @entity1831 . This enzymatic activity, as well as the immunoreactivity, could be eliminated by heating the extract to 90 degrees C. These results demonstrate, by a number of independent criteria, that @entity35 testes contain a substance which behaves like authentic @entity1831 . Due to its high concentration, the @entity1831 -like peptide may be synthesized or concentrated by testis cells. In addition, testis tissue contains enzymatic activity which degrades @entity1831 and could represent a site of regulation of @entity1831 action. Coupled with the previously demonstrated testis action of @entity1831 , these results suggest a paracrine or autocrine role of the neurohypophysial hormone at the testis level.

title: Identification and characterization of XXXX -like substances in the @entity35 testis.

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity10197 :: ('MESH:C026679', 'Chemical') :: ['octadecylsilica']

answer: @entity5463 :: (MESH:D001127,Chemical) :: ['arginine vasopressin']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated the suppression of Leydig cell steroidogenesis by @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) in vitro. Since the circulating level of @entity1831 is too low to mediate a testicular action of this peptide, we have conducted studies to identify testicular @entity1831 -like substances. The supernatant of homogenized, acid-extracted @entity35 testes was found to contain @entity1831 immunoreactivity which showed parallelism with synthetic @entity1831 in a specific radioimmunoassay for @entity1831 . Chromatography of this extract on a Sephadex G-25 column produced three peaks of @entity1831 immunoreactivity. The largest peak eluted close to the column void volume, a second smaller peak eluted at the total column volume, while a third peak co-eluted with synthetic @entity1831 . Following @entity1324 precipitation, ether extraction, and @entity10197 (C18) adsorption chromatography of the acid extract, the third peak of @entity1831 immunoreactivity (about 600 pg/testis) was fully retained by C18 chromatography and showed parallelism with synthetic @entity1831 in both radioimmuno- and radioreceptor assays. This substance also co-migrated with synthetic @entity1831 on both Sephadex G-25 and reverse-phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC). The second peak was only partially retained by C18 adsorption chromatography, dilution curves were not parallel with synthetic @entity1831 in radioimmuno- or radioreceptor assay, and this material failed to co-migrate with synthetic @entity1831 on Sephadex G-25 and RPTLC. The first peak of apparent @entity1831 immunoreactivity was associated with an enzyme(s) that degraded labeled @entity1831 . This enzymatic activity, as well as the immunoreactivity, could be eliminated by heating the extract to 90 degrees C. These results demonstrate, by a number of independent criteria, that @entity35 testes contain a substance which behaves like authentic @entity1831 . Due to its high concentration, the @entity1831 -like peptide may be synthesized or concentrated by testis cells. In addition, testis tissue contains enzymatic activity which degrades @entity1831 and could represent a site of regulation of @entity1831 action. Coupled with the previously demonstrated testis action of @entity1831 , these results suggest a paracrine or autocrine role of the neurohypophysial hormone at the testis level.

title: Identification and characterization of @entity5463 -like substances in the XXXX testis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations is controversial, particularly for Rockwood @entity130 . Rockwood type IV @entity130 , which correspond to horizontal instability, are very likely under-diagnosed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of the Rockwood classification through an evaluation of standard radiographs, as described in the original article. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective radiographic study using protocol-based data from the 2014 symposium of the French Society of Arthroscopy (SFA). Fifteen anonymized radiological records were analysed by six independent examiners on two occasions, 1 week apart. The records consisted of a comparative A/P view of the two @entity2720 (Zanca view), an axillary lateral view and dynamic lateral views (Tauber protocol) to uncover dynamic horizontal instability. A detailed analysis protocol was implemented that included absolute and relative measurements on each view; the relative measurements were used to account for radiographic magnification. RESULTS: The inter- and intra-observer reproducibility on the A/P radiographs was good to excellent. The reproducibility was fair to good on the lateral views, but the measurements varied greatly from one subject to another, and significant errors were found with certain records. The reproducibility of the dynamic views proposed by Tauber was poor to fair. DISCUSSION: Radiographic analysis of AC joint separations is reproducible in the vertical plane, which makes it possible to diagnose Rockwood type II, III and V @entity130 . On the other hand, static and dynamic analyses in the horizontal plane do not have good reproducibility and do not contribute to make an accurate diagnosis of Rockwood type IV @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, Diagnostic study.

title: Reliability of radiographic measurements for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular joints']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'type III injuries']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular joint separations']


abstract: Active @entity467 has been found in cell extract and medium of @entity1 osteoblast-like cells and MG-63 cells. The released form is stable at neutral and alkaline pH and, in both cell types, intracellular and extracellular @entity467 activities are increased by @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) and @entity461 ( @entity461 ). To evaluate the physiological role of @entity467 in osteoblasts, we investigated the production and secretion of this enzyme in normal @entity1 synovial fibroblasts and modulation by @entity1356 and @entity461 . Lactate secretion concurrent with release of @entity467 and comparable responses in osteoblasts were also examined. Our data show that synovial fibroblasts respond differently to treatment with the two agents, suggesting a cell-specific regulation of @entity467 and possible involvement in osteoblast physiology. @entity467 involvement was then evaluated in the activation of plasminogen activator (PA) in MG-63 cells using two specific inhibitors of @entity467 , @entity45233 and @entity33050 , in constitutive conditions and after treatment with @entity1356 . As results of PA activity obtained in the presence of IL-beta were in contrast with previous reports, we examined the activities of PA, pro-PA activated with trypsin, and @entity1351 in cell extract and media of MG-63 cells after 24-h treatment with @entity1356 . Results show that in normal conditions and in the presence of @entity1356 , @entity467 is involved in the activation of PA. Moreover, @entity1356 stimulates PA, pro-PA activated by trypsin, and @entity1351 activity in medium, whereas in cell extract it stimulates pro-PA activated by trypsin and @entity1351 activity. @entity1356 has no effect on cell extract-associated PA.

title: XXXX in osteoblasts.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity467 :: ('1508', 'Gene') :: ['Cathepsin B', 'cathepsin B']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity467 :: (1508,Gene) :: ['Cathepsin B']


abstract: The expression of stress genes is suggested to be a potentially sensitive indicator of any chemical or physical assault. This led us to explore the possibility of using expression of one of the major stress genes, @entity15614 , in @entity238 as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, which may accordingly provide an early indication of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. We exposed third instar larvae of transgenic @entity238 ( @entity15614 -lacZ) @entity72549 to different concentrations of the test chemicals (Captan, @entity72550 and Folpet) for various time intervals (2-48 h) to evaluate expression of @entity15614 by X-gal staining, ONPG assay and whole organ in situ immunohistochemistry. The study was further extended to examine the effect of the said chemicals on development of the organism and tissue damage occurring in them, thus raising the possibility of evaluating comparative deleterious effect inducing potential of the test chemicals. Our results showed a strong @entity15614 expression in the @entity72550 -exposed larvae followed by weaker expression in Captan- and Folpet-treated larvae. The effect was further reflected on development as revealed by a delay in emergence of the flies by 3 days in 200 ppm @entity72550 -exposed group. @entity15614 was found not to be induced at 0.0002 ppm @entity72550 and at 0.002 ppm Captan and Folpet. The present study suggests that (a). @entity15614 induction is sensitive enough to be used as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, (b). amongst the three test chemicals, @entity72550 is the most deleterious compound followed by Captan and Folpet, (c). 0.0002 ppm for @entity72550 and 0.002 ppm for Captan and Folpet, respectively, can be regarded as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).

title: Induction of @entity15614 in transgenic XXXX : biomarker of exposure against @entity27046 group of chemicals.

entities_list: @entity27046 :: ('MESH:C037431', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalimide']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The expression of stress genes is suggested to be a potentially sensitive indicator of any chemical or physical assault. This led us to explore the possibility of using expression of one of the major stress genes, @entity15614 , in @entity238 as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, which may accordingly provide an early indication of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. We exposed third instar larvae of transgenic @entity238 ( @entity15614 -lacZ) @entity72549 to different concentrations of the test chemicals (Captan, @entity72550 and Folpet) for various time intervals (2-48 h) to evaluate expression of @entity15614 by X-gal staining, ONPG assay and whole organ in situ immunohistochemistry. The study was further extended to examine the effect of the said chemicals on development of the organism and tissue damage occurring in them, thus raising the possibility of evaluating comparative deleterious effect inducing potential of the test chemicals. Our results showed a strong @entity15614 expression in the @entity72550 -exposed larvae followed by weaker expression in Captan- and Folpet-treated larvae. The effect was further reflected on development as revealed by a delay in emergence of the flies by 3 days in 200 ppm @entity72550 -exposed group. @entity15614 was found not to be induced at 0.0002 ppm @entity72550 and at 0.002 ppm Captan and Folpet. The present study suggests that (a). @entity15614 induction is sensitive enough to be used as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, (b). amongst the three test chemicals, @entity72550 is the most deleterious compound followed by Captan and Folpet, (c). 0.0002 ppm for @entity72550 and 0.002 ppm for Captan and Folpet, respectively, can be regarded as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).

title: Induction of @entity15614 in transgenic @entity238 : biomarker of exposure against XXXX group of chemicals.

answer: @entity27046 :: (MESH:C037431,Chemical) :: ['phthalimide']


abstract: The expression of stress genes is suggested to be a potentially sensitive indicator of any chemical or physical assault. This led us to explore the possibility of using expression of one of the major stress genes, @entity15614 , in @entity238 as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, which may accordingly provide an early indication of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. We exposed third instar larvae of transgenic @entity238 ( @entity15614 -lacZ) @entity72549 to different concentrations of the test chemicals (Captan, @entity72550 and Folpet) for various time intervals (2-48 h) to evaluate expression of @entity15614 by X-gal staining, ONPG assay and whole organ in situ immunohistochemistry. The study was further extended to examine the effect of the said chemicals on development of the organism and tissue damage occurring in them, thus raising the possibility of evaluating comparative deleterious effect inducing potential of the test chemicals. Our results showed a strong @entity15614 expression in the @entity72550 -exposed larvae followed by weaker expression in Captan- and Folpet-treated larvae. The effect was further reflected on development as revealed by a delay in emergence of the flies by 3 days in 200 ppm @entity72550 -exposed group. @entity15614 was found not to be induced at 0.0002 ppm @entity72550 and at 0.002 ppm Captan and Folpet. The present study suggests that (a). @entity15614 induction is sensitive enough to be used as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, (b). amongst the three test chemicals, @entity72550 is the most deleterious compound followed by Captan and Folpet, (c). 0.0002 ppm for @entity72550 and 0.002 ppm for Captan and Folpet, respectively, can be regarded as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).

title: Induction of XXXX in transgenic @entity238 : biomarker of exposure against @entity27046 group of chemicals.

answer: @entity15614 :: (44920(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['hsp70']


abstract: The aim was to assess the capabilities of a two-segment myocardial recording to recognize @entity1 with an underlying chronic ischemic process as a fast screening from controls, prior to the usual segment-to-segment tissue Doppler echocardiographic assessment of @entity63 . @entity63 generates systolic and relaxation abnormalities. A flow Doppler index of global systolic and diastolic myocardial performance was recently drawn from time durations studied by coupling isovolumic relaxation (IR) to preejection ( @entity7216 )/ejection (ET) ratio ( @entity7216 ). We derived a similar tissue Doppler approach to the period preceding the left ventricular filling: @entity7216 , the ejectional inward wall motion representing ET' and the prefilling (PreFg) period ranging from the end of ET' to the onset of the outward wall motion approximating IR, were measured and ratios calculated between variables. Spectral tissue Doppler was applied to septal and posterior walls of 28 @entity1 with proven chronic @entity453 and preserved left ventricular function and of 12 age-matched controls. Data were compared with global flow data. Global information did not differentiate both groups, save for IR (sensitivity 32%, specificity 57%). In @entity1 , tissue Doppler mean values of single variables (P=0.004-0.0006) and ratios (P=0.03-0.002) significantly differed from controls. Moreover, septal ET' differentiated 13 @entity1 with one-vessel (219+/-34 ms) from 10 with two-vessel disease (158+/-70 ms, P=0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of a septal ET'<190 ms for a two-vessel disease were 80%. The two-segment tissue Doppler echocardiographic study provided a rapid screening of @entity1 versus controls and helped to predict the number of diseased vessels.

title: Myocardial time intervals preceding left ventricular filling in chronic XXXX : value of a decreased septal ejection time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Effects of genetic-environmental interactions on plasma @entity935 (DA) concentrations were studied in White Leghorn @entity1573 selected for both high ( @entity14697 ) or low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability resulting from cannibalism and flightiness. Plasma DA levels were measured from @entity1573 in three social treatments: single-, two-, or ten-hen cages. The two-hen treatment consisted of paired @entity1573 from three genetic lines: @entity14697 , LGPS and a commercial strain, Dekalb XL (DXL). In @entity14697 /DXL and LGPS/DXL pairs, the DXL hen was used as a standardized genetic competitor. The ten-hen treatment contained only hens from the same line, which is similar to the original selection condition. After 7 weeks housing in the social environments, LGPS hens in the ten-hen treatment had greater plasma DA concentrations than @entity14697 hens (P<0.05). Compared to levels in the ten-hen treatment from the same line, plasma DA concentrations in both @entity14697 and LGPS hens were significantly lower in the two-hen treatment (average mean, 0.09 vs. 0.15 ng/ml and 0.22 vs. 0.44 ng/ml, P<0.05, respectively), but significantly higher in the single-hen treatment (average mean, 0.44 vs. 0.15 ng/ml and 1.78 vs. 0.44 ng/ml, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In the single-hen treatment, LGPS hens had greater plasma DA levels than @entity14697 hens (P<0.05). The results provide evidence of genetically related differences in the regulation of @entity1573 ' plasma DA concentrations in response to social stress. These differences may magnify the behavioral and physiological differences observed in the lines under basal and challenged conditions. These results suggest that these @entity1573 lines may provide a new model for investigating effects of DA on the control of behavioral, neural and endocrine responses to stress.

title: Social stress differentially regulates neuroendocrine responses in laying hens: I. Genetic basis of XXXX responses under three different social conditions.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'chickens']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bilateral hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) is very rare. The literature contains only 32 clinical reports. Although @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) is widely accepted as effective therapy for HFS, the etiology and surgical treatment of bilateral HFS are seldom addressed. We report our experience with @entity5663 for @entity1 with bilateral HFS. METHODS: This retrospective report included 10 @entity1 with bilateral HFS. All @entity1 underwent @entity5663 1 or 2 times and were followed for 5-92 months. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The etiology and treatment strategies were discussed. RESULTS: @entity2473 stopped completely on the operative side in all 10 @entity1 . Symptoms on the other side also resolved in 3 @entity1 , improved in 1 @entity1 , and did not improve at all in 6 @entity1 . Of the 6 @entity1 with no improvement, 5 underwent another @entity5663 on the contralateral side within 1 year and experienced relief of symptoms, and 1 @entity1 refused the surgery. The neurovascular conflict was found in all the operations. During the follow-up period, no complications of @entity393 or @entity3541 and no recurrence were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular compression was the cause of bilateral HFS in our @entity1 , and @entity5663 relieved the symptoms. Thus, we recommend @entity5663 for @entity1 with bilateral HFS. A crowded cerebellopontine angle space and easy attrition of the neurovascular interfaces may play important roles in the occurrence of bilateral HFS. For some @entity1 , 1 @entity5663 can resolve bilateral symptoms.

title: Management of Bilateral Hemifacial XXXX with Microvascular Decompression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'microvascular decompression']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing  loss']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['Spasm']


abstract: The existence of a relationship between HLA and the possibility of the development of an @entity7160 is researched in this paper. This work was done from 1982 to 1984, by the staff of four clinics of the Medicine School of the University of Uruguay. We studied 47 alcoholics with portal @entity82 , 19 non-cirrhotic alcoholics and 250 healthy nonalcoholic controls. We confirmed with liver biopsy the @entity82 in the first group and in the second, liver biopsy was performed in order to assure that they had no @entity82 . Table I shows the histocompatibility antigens which were tested in the 3 groups. Levels of significance were obtained from exact Fisher test with Yates correction for discontinuity; Pc (corrected P) and RR (relative risk) were also determined. In the alcoholics with portal @entity82 , the HLABW40 showed a Pc less than 0,005 (RR = 3,93). In the non-cirrhotic alcoholics no significative association was found. We conclude that the carrier of the genetic marker HLABW40, has almost 4 times more chances to develop a @entity82 as consequence of chronic @entity988 . The presence of this marker, in our @entity1 , has no association with the possibility that an individual becomes an alcoholic abuser. We think that if this data are confirmed in a wider study, some guidelines for the prevention of @entity7160 may be established.

title: [The importance of HLA antigens in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic abuse']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity7160 :: (MESH:D008104,Disease) :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) is difficult and often requires a lung biopsy. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine the histopathological parameters useful for diagnosis of @entity1907 in different types of bronchoscopic biopsies (transbronchial lung biopsy [TBLB], transbronchial needle aspiration [TBNA], and bronchial biopsy [BB]). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity1907 , over a period of 1-year were evaluated. @entity1 with positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture and with three bronchoscopic biopsies including TBLB, TBNA, and BB were included in the study. Selected (14) histological parameters were evaluated retrospectively in a total of 27 biopsies from 9 @entity1 with @entity378 after @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. RESULTS: Diagnostic yield in TBLBs and TBNA was similar for @entity738 detection (66.6% each). @entity738 in TBNA were larger, caseating and confluent as compared to small interstitial @entity738 seen in TBLB. AFB was demonstrated in only one @entity1 in TBNA. Lymphocytic cell cuffing was seen around most TBLB @entity738 . One @entity1 also showed microfilaria in blood vessel in TBLB. BBs in all @entity1 showed the presence of goblet cell metaplasia and increased peribronchial plasma cell infiltrate with or without eosinophils may be indicative of @entity8638 . The yield of @entity738 was low in BBs seen in only 2 @entity1 (22.2%). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic yield of TBNA and TBLB for @entity738 was similar; however, caseation was seen more frequently in TBNA than on TBLB. Of other histological parameters, bronchial metaplastic changes and peribronchial plasma cells infiltrate were constant findings in all tubercular biopsies indicative of @entity8638 .

title: Histopathological yield in different types of bronchoscopic biopsies in proven cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic injury']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Use of the One Use-Plus SBK (Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis) automated microkeratome (Moria(  ), Antony, France) has been shown to be safe, predictable and comfortable for the creation of thin corneal flaps with a smooth and regular stromal bed. PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of the Moria One Use-Plus SBK (Moria(  ), Antony, France) automated microkeratome on corneas with 180  -keratometry under 40  diopters (D). METHODS: We retrospectively studied cases that underwent SBK whose 180  -keratometry was under 40 D. We separated the cases between 39 and 40 D and those less than 39 D. The preoperative data, the procedure and the postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The Moria One Use-Plus SBK microkeratome with the 90-micron head was used for all cases. RESULTS: Among the 2883 eyes that underwent SBK LASIK over the past six years, 80  eyes (2.77%) had a preoperative topographical 180  -keratometry of less than 40 D: 63 eyes (2.19%) between 39 and 40 D and 17 eyes (0.59%) between 38 and 39 D (38.13-38.97  D). The spherical equivalent was between -3.50 D (-2.25 sph -2.50 cyl. at 175  ) and+6.00 D (+5.50 sph +1.00 cyl. at 85  ). Fifty-eight eyes (72.5%) had @entity3467 and/or hyperopic @entity940 ; 18  eyes (22.5%) had mixed @entity940 ; and 4  eyes (5%) had @entity1714 and/or myopic @entity940 . Twenty-six eyes (32%) had a history of strabismus. Thirteen @entity1 (27.66%) had a history of @entity4457 . The "-1" ring was used in all cases, with a 7.5  stop (14%) or 8  stop (86%). The procedure went uneventfully in all cases with a stable vacuum between 117 and 123mm  Hg. The nasal hinge and the stromal bed were normal in size in all cases and sufficient to perform the photoablation laser safely with an optical zone between 6.00 and 7.00millimeters. There were no intraoperative nor immediate postoperative complications: free cap 0%; incomplete flap 0%; button hole 0%; epithelial erosion 0%; bleeding 0%; irregular stromal bed 0%. @entity260 : flap displacement 0%; punctate keratitis: 8%; LASIK retreatments: 12%; safety: 100% (no loss of lines of @entity227 ). DISCUSSION: Corneas with a topographical 180  -keratometry under 40 D are a very small percentage of the total eyes that undergo LASIK (SBK). Those with a 180  -keratometry under 39 D are even more infrequent. Due to the characteristics of the flat @entity267 , the percentage of @entity3467 is much larger in than in the general LASIK group. In addition, the percentage with a history of strabismus and @entity4457 is higher. CONCLUSION: The Moria One Use-Plus SBK microkeratome is an excellent device that allows the easy creation of thin corneal flaps and regular and smooth corneal beds, safely and predictably even in extremely flat corneas without complications. The safety, efficacy and predictability are quite comparable to the general LASIK group.

title: [Safety of the automated microkeratome for Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis on the flat XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Deregulated apoptosis and overshooting neutrophil functions contribute to immune and organ dysfunction in @entity295 and @entity881 ( @entity881 ). In the present study, we determined the role of soluble Fas (sFas) in the regulation of posttraumatic neutrophil extrinsic apoptosis and the development of @entity295 . METHODS: Forty-seven major @entity130 @entity1 , 18 with and 29 without @entity295 development during the first 10 days after @entity130 , were enrolled in this prospective study. Seventeen healthy volunteers served as controls. Blood samples from severely injured @entity1 were analyzed at day 1, day 5 and day 9 after major @entity130 . sFas levels, plasma levels of neutrophil elastase ( @entity11891 ) and levels of @entity650 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and related to @entity1 ' Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS). Neutrophil apoptosis was determined by @entity2667 staining of fragmented DNA and flow cytometry. sFas-mediated effects on neutrophil apoptosis were investigated in cells cultured with agonistic anti-Fas antibodies in the presence of recombinant sFas, sFas-depleted serum or untreated serum from septic patients. RESULTS: Serum levels of sFas in @entity1 who later developed @entity295 were significantly increased at day 5 (P < 0.01) and day 9 (P < 0.05) after @entity130 compared with @entity1 with uneventful recovery. Apoptosis of @entity1 neutrophils was significantly decreased during the observation period compared with control cells. Moreover, Fas-mediated apoptosis of control neutrophils was efficiently inhibited by recombinant sFas and serum from septic @entity1 . Depletion of sFas from septic @entity1 sera diminished the antiapoptotic effects. In septic @entity1 , sFas levels were positively correlated with SOFA at day 1 (r = 0.7, P < 0.001), day 5 (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) and day 9 (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) and with @entity11891 and leukocyte counts (r = 0.49, P < 0.05 for both) as well as MODS at day 5 (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) after @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased sFas in @entity1 with @entity295 development impairs neutrophil extrinsic apoptosis and shows a positive correlation with the organ dysfunction scores and @entity11891 . Therefore, sFas might be a therapeutic target to prevent posttrauma hyperinflammation and @entity295 .

title: Increased serum soluble Fas after major @entity130 is associated with delayed neutrophil apoptosis and development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Deregulated apoptosis and overshooting neutrophil functions contribute to immune and organ dysfunction in @entity295 and @entity881 ( @entity881 ). In the present study, we determined the role of soluble Fas (sFas) in the regulation of posttraumatic neutrophil extrinsic apoptosis and the development of @entity295 . METHODS: Forty-seven major @entity130 @entity1 , 18 with and 29 without @entity295 development during the first 10 days after @entity130 , were enrolled in this prospective study. Seventeen healthy volunteers served as controls. Blood samples from severely injured @entity1 were analyzed at day 1, day 5 and day 9 after major @entity130 . sFas levels, plasma levels of neutrophil elastase ( @entity11891 ) and levels of @entity650 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and related to @entity1 ' Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS). Neutrophil apoptosis was determined by @entity2667 staining of fragmented DNA and flow cytometry. sFas-mediated effects on neutrophil apoptosis were investigated in cells cultured with agonistic anti-Fas antibodies in the presence of recombinant sFas, sFas-depleted serum or untreated serum from septic patients. RESULTS: Serum levels of sFas in @entity1 who later developed @entity295 were significantly increased at day 5 (P < 0.01) and day 9 (P < 0.05) after @entity130 compared with @entity1 with uneventful recovery. Apoptosis of @entity1 neutrophils was significantly decreased during the observation period compared with control cells. Moreover, Fas-mediated apoptosis of control neutrophils was efficiently inhibited by recombinant sFas and serum from septic @entity1 . Depletion of sFas from septic @entity1 sera diminished the antiapoptotic effects. In septic @entity1 , sFas levels were positively correlated with SOFA at day 1 (r = 0.7, P < 0.001), day 5 (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) and day 9 (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) and with @entity11891 and leukocyte counts (r = 0.49, P < 0.05 for both) as well as MODS at day 5 (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) after @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased sFas in @entity1 with @entity295 development impairs neutrophil extrinsic apoptosis and shows a positive correlation with the organ dysfunction scores and @entity11891 . Therefore, sFas might be a therapeutic target to prevent posttrauma hyperinflammation and @entity295 .

title: Increased serum soluble Fas after major XXXX is associated with delayed neutrophil apoptosis and development of @entity295 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For more than a century @entity164 2 @entity6 has been looked upon mainly as an insulin-related disease and it is well-acknowledged that insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction play important roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. During the last couple of decades, @entity15669 has also been recognised to play a significant role in @entity164 2 @entity6 pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms underlying disturbances in the regulation of @entity15669 remain unclear. Glucagon constitutes the primary stimulus for hepatic @entity413 production and, thus, upholds adequate blood @entity413 levels during fasting conditions. Many - but not all - @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 are characterised by inappropriately elevated plasma levels of @entity15669 contributing to their hyperglycaemic state. We believe that phenotypical dissimilarities within this group of @entity1 may determine the presence and degree of hyperglucagonaemia. Results from our group show that both normoglycaemic individuals and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) exhibit fasting hyperglucagonaemia compared to similarly grouped individuals without @entity1561 . Therefore, we speculate that @entity1561 - and not @entity164 2 @entity6 per se - is the main driver behind fasting hyperglucagonaemia. We hypothesise that in the majority of @entity164 2 @entity6 individuals hepatic sensitivity to @entity15669 is compromised due to @entity1560 , and that this provides a feedback mechanism acting at the level of pancreatic alpha cells, leading to elevated levels of @entity15669 . Here we present our hypothesis and propose a way to test it. If our hypothesis holds true, hepatic @entity15669 resistance would constitute a parallel to the @entity28 -induced insulin resistance in muscle and liver tissue, and underpin a central role for @entity15669 in the pathogenesis of @entity164 2 @entity6 . This would provide a crucial step forward in understanding the interaction between @entity1561 and the alpha cell in the pathophysiology underlying @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Involvement of steatosis-induced XXXX resistance in hyperglucagonaemia.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity15669 :: (MESH:C564159,Disease) :: ['glucagon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) vs @entity602 ( @entity602 ) on @entity548 ( @entity548 ), late onset @entity295 (LOS), and 18-month motor outcomes in preterm @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 (n  =  208) in labor with singleton fetuses (<32  weeks gestation) were randomized to either DCC (30-45  seconds) or @entity602 (<10  seconds). The primary outcomes were @entity548 , LOS, and motor outcomes at 18-22  months corrected age. Intention-to-treat was used for primary analyses. RESULTS: Cord clamping time was 32      16  (DCC) vs 6.6      6 ( @entity602 ) seconds. @entity1 in the DCC and @entity602 groups weighed 1203      352 and 1136      350  g and mean gestational age was 28.3      2 and 28.4      2  weeks, respectively. There were no differences in rates of @entity548 or LOS between groups. At 18-22  months, DCC was protective against motor scores below 85 on the Bayley Scales of @entity1 Development, Third Edition (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-0.90, P  =  .03). There were more @entity1 with @entity1468 in the @entity602 group (37% vs 22%, P  =  .02) and more @entity1 in the DCC group with premature @entity13493 (54% vs 75%, P  =  .002). @entity1468 halved the risk of @entity548 (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.2-1.0) and premature @entity13493 doubled the risk of @entity548 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-4.3). CONCLUSIONS: Although DCC did not alter the incidence of @entity548 or LOS in preterm @entity1 , it improved motor function at 18-22  months corrected age. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00818220 and NCT01426698.

title: Effects of Placental Transfusion on Neonatal and 18 Month Outcomes in Preterm XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Infant', 'Women', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['immediate cord clamping', 'ICC']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity13493 :: ('MESH:C563032', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes/preterm labor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']