abstract: @entity273 ( @entity274 ) increases protein @entity669 phosphorylation of numerous proteins in @entity1 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Two main proteins, with an apparent molecular weight of 44 and 42kDa, were phosphorylated after @entity273 stimulation of the @entity1 gingival fibroblasts. Further analysis identified these two proteins as @entity1366 . Maximum phosphorylation was detected at 10min post- @entity274 treatment. Pretreatment with an @entity8047 inhibitor, @entity4286 , inhibited @entity274 -stimulated @entity1366 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity274 also induced phosphorylation of @entity10185 ( @entity10185 ). @entity866 , a @entity6164 inhibitor, blocked @entity1366 phosphorylation induced by @entity274 . In addition, @entity274 -induced cell death was prevented by @entity4286 , @entity1441 , and @entity11616 , which are @entity8047 , @entity3963 and @entity6164 inhibitors, respectively. These results suggest that @entity274 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of @entity1366 in a @entity6164 -dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that the MAPK signaling pathway plays an active role in mediating the @entity274 -induced decrease in @entity18942 cell viability and @entity855 depletion.

title: Activation of XXXX by @entity10185 in response to @entity273 -induced cell death in @entity1 gingival fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: @entity273 ( @entity274 ) increases protein @entity669 phosphorylation of numerous proteins in @entity1 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Two main proteins, with an apparent molecular weight of 44 and 42kDa, were phosphorylated after @entity273 stimulation of the @entity1 gingival fibroblasts. Further analysis identified these two proteins as @entity1366 . Maximum phosphorylation was detected at 10min post- @entity274 treatment. Pretreatment with an @entity8047 inhibitor, @entity4286 , inhibited @entity274 -stimulated @entity1366 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity274 also induced phosphorylation of @entity10185 ( @entity10185 ). @entity866 , a @entity6164 inhibitor, blocked @entity1366 phosphorylation induced by @entity274 . In addition, @entity274 -induced cell death was prevented by @entity4286 , @entity1441 , and @entity11616 , which are @entity8047 , @entity3963 and @entity6164 inhibitors, respectively. These results suggest that @entity274 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of @entity1366 in a @entity6164 -dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that the MAPK signaling pathway plays an active role in mediating the @entity274 -induced decrease in @entity18942 cell viability and @entity855 depletion.

title: Activation of @entity1366 by @entity10185 in response to @entity273 -induced cell death in XXXX gingival fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

entities_list: @entity10185 :: ('5578', 'Gene') :: ['protein kinase C-alpha', 'PKCalpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The proper choice of effective antibiotics is a mainstay for the treatment of @entity4550 . The lack of native data regarding the microorganism causing the @entity281 and its antibiotic sensitivity prompted us to conduct this study. We retrospectively collected 29 cases of @entity4550 admitted to Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital of Kaohsiung Medical College from January 1994 to September 1998. The effectiveness of antibiotics with bacterial susceptibility was analyzed. Of the 29 cases, fifteen were male and fourteen female. The @entity1 ranged in age from 7 months to 79 years (mean, 37.6 years). @entity1244 (9 cases, 31.0%) is the most common etiology. Fourteen cases received both medical and surgical treatments. Eighteen cases had purulent discharge from the @entity281 areas sent for culture isolation of the microorganism. The culture positive rate was 50% (9 in 18 cases). The @entity794 (5 cases) was the most common pathogen. The bacterial susceptibility test showed drug resistance of 100% for @entity3397 (seven out of seven cases; 7/7), 100% for @entity869 (10/10), and 0% for @entity4509 (0/3) and @entity2176 (0/7). @entity114 and @entity869 are not effective for those isolated bacteria. @entity6101 and @entity801 , frequently used in first line treatment, might encounter drug resistance in some cases. @entity4509 and @entity2176 , without any resistance in bacterial susceptibility tests, could be used in vision-threatening, critical, and intractable cases.

title: Antibiotic treatment of XXXX : an analysis of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['orbital cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity4550 :: (MESH:D054517,Disease) :: ['orbital cellulitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity73083 ( @entity73083 ) has been reported in sporadic @entity1 and in recessive pedigrees. Eleven mutations in @entity42914 , a gene encoding an evolutionarily dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in 29 @entity1 from 18 families. The clinical features of @entity73083 include severe @entity1032 , motor and @entity73 , and @entity302 . No detailed description of the @entity302 is available for the @entity1 reported to date. We report three consanguineous families in which four affected individuals with @entity73083 and @entity42914 mutations had @entity5761 . METHODS: Family studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG)-video recordings, and mutation analysis. RESULTS: In Family 1, with one affected proband, we found an @entity73084 change in the second extracellular loop of @entity42914 , involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. In Family 2, with one affected proband, we found an @entity59502 change affecting the protein N-terminus and predicted to cause a premature truncation with loss of the G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site. In family 3, with two affected siblings, we found an @entity71419 substitution in the protein N-terminus, involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. @entity302 , present in all four @entity1 , had started between ages 1 and 8 years, with @entity739 in one @entity1 and with de novo @entity5761 in the remaining three. All @entity1 had @entity5761 when last observed, at ages 13 to 32 years. DISCUSSION: Several genes, when mutated, can cause @entity6795 that have been associated with the @entity5761 . @entity73083 caused by @entity42914 mutations represents an additional, although rare, genetically determined cause of @entity5761 .

title: XXXX , @entity5761 , and @entity42914 gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity73083 :: ('MESH:C564652', 'Disease') :: ['BFPP', 'Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity59502 :: ('p|SUB|R|79|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R79X']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity71419 :: ('p|SUB|R|33|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R33P']

answer: @entity73083 :: (MESH:C564652,Disease) :: ['Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity73083 ( @entity73083 ) has been reported in sporadic @entity1 and in recessive pedigrees. Eleven mutations in @entity42914 , a gene encoding an evolutionarily dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in 29 @entity1 from 18 families. The clinical features of @entity73083 include severe @entity1032 , motor and @entity73 , and @entity302 . No detailed description of the @entity302 is available for the @entity1 reported to date. We report three consanguineous families in which four affected individuals with @entity73083 and @entity42914 mutations had @entity5761 . METHODS: Family studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG)-video recordings, and mutation analysis. RESULTS: In Family 1, with one affected proband, we found an @entity73084 change in the second extracellular loop of @entity42914 , involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. In Family 2, with one affected proband, we found an @entity59502 change affecting the protein N-terminus and predicted to cause a premature truncation with loss of the G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site. In family 3, with two affected siblings, we found an @entity71419 substitution in the protein N-terminus, involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. @entity302 , present in all four @entity1 , had started between ages 1 and 8 years, with @entity739 in one @entity1 and with de novo @entity5761 in the remaining three. All @entity1 had @entity5761 when last observed, at ages 13 to 32 years. DISCUSSION: Several genes, when mutated, can cause @entity6795 that have been associated with the @entity5761 . @entity73083 caused by @entity42914 mutations represents an additional, although rare, genetically determined cause of @entity5761 .

title: @entity73083 , @entity5761 , and XXXX gene mutations.

answer: @entity42914 :: (9289,Gene) :: ['GPR56']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity73083 ( @entity73083 ) has been reported in sporadic @entity1 and in recessive pedigrees. Eleven mutations in @entity42914 , a gene encoding an evolutionarily dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in 29 @entity1 from 18 families. The clinical features of @entity73083 include severe @entity1032 , motor and @entity73 , and @entity302 . No detailed description of the @entity302 is available for the @entity1 reported to date. We report three consanguineous families in which four affected individuals with @entity73083 and @entity42914 mutations had @entity5761 . METHODS: Family studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG)-video recordings, and mutation analysis. RESULTS: In Family 1, with one affected proband, we found an @entity73084 change in the second extracellular loop of @entity42914 , involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. In Family 2, with one affected proband, we found an @entity59502 change affecting the protein N-terminus and predicted to cause a premature truncation with loss of the G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site. In family 3, with two affected siblings, we found an @entity71419 substitution in the protein N-terminus, involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. @entity302 , present in all four @entity1 , had started between ages 1 and 8 years, with @entity739 in one @entity1 and with de novo @entity5761 in the remaining three. All @entity1 had @entity5761 when last observed, at ages 13 to 32 years. DISCUSSION: Several genes, when mutated, can cause @entity6795 that have been associated with the @entity5761 . @entity73083 caused by @entity42914 mutations represents an additional, although rare, genetically determined cause of @entity5761 .

title: @entity73083 , XXXX , and @entity42914 gene mutations.

answer: @entity5761 :: (MESH:D065768,Disease) :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']


abstract: When a @entity1 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity1 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity1522 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity134 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and @entity35 @entity27803 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity5282 . The modulation of expression of @entity5282 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity5282 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity857 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity35635 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity1 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity1 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity5282 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity5282 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity1 early response gene homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and XXXX @entity27803 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: When a @entity1 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity1 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity1522 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity134 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and @entity35 @entity27803 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity5282 . The modulation of expression of @entity5282 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity5282 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity857 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity35635 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity1 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity1 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity5282 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity5282 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity1 early response gene homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and @entity35 XXXX , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity27803 :: (79240(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NGFI-B']


abstract: When a @entity1 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity1 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity1522 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity134 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and @entity35 @entity27803 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity5282 . The modulation of expression of @entity5282 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity5282 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity857 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity35635 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity1 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity1 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity5282 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity5282 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity1 early response gene homologous to XXXX @entity39769 and @entity35 @entity27803 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: When a @entity1 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity1 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity1522 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity134 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and @entity35 @entity27803 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity5282 . The modulation of expression of @entity5282 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity5282 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity857 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity35635 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity1 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity1 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity5282 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity5282 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity1 early response gene homologous to @entity19 XXXX and @entity35 @entity27803 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity39769 :: (15370(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['nur77']


abstract: When a @entity1 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity1 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity1522 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity134 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and @entity35 @entity27803 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity5282 . The modulation of expression of @entity5282 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity5282 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity857 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity35635 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity1 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity1 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity5282 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity5282 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A XXXX early response gene homologous to @entity19 @entity39769 and @entity35 @entity27803 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity556 potently activates platelets via interaction with the @entity8781 . @entity57941 is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of @entity556 via antagonism of the @entity8781 . Because @entity57941 does not interfere with other pathways for hemostasis, it is possible that @entity57941 reduces @entity715 with less increase in @entity548 than do other potent antiplatelet agents. STUDY DESIGN: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity57941 during long-term treatment of @entity1 with established @entity731 receiving standard therapy (up to 27,000). Eligible @entity1 with a history of @entity583 , @entity385 , or @entity3657 are randomized 1:1 to @entity57941 2.5 mg daily or matched placebo until the end of study. Randomization is stratified by the qualifying disease and planned use of a @entity1747 . The primary end point is the composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity64 , or urgent coronary revascularization. The major secondary end point is the composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity64 . The evaluation of long-term safety includes @entity548 defined by the GUSTO and TIMI criteria. Recruitment began in September 2007. The trial will continue until 2,279 primary end points and 1,400 secondary end points are recorded with expected completion in 36 to 44 months from first enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is evaluating whether a new approach to platelet inhibition via interruption of @entity556 -mediated platelet activation reduces major cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in @entity1 with established @entity731 .

title: Evaluation of a novel antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention in @entity1 with a history of @entity731 : design and rationale for the XXXX -Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events (TRA 2 degrees P)-TIMI 50 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1747 :: ('MESH:C446540', 'Chemical') :: ['thienopyridine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity8781 :: ('2149', 'Gene') :: ['protease-activated receptor 1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity556 potently activates platelets via interaction with the @entity8781 . @entity57941 is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of @entity556 via antagonism of the @entity8781 . Because @entity57941 does not interfere with other pathways for hemostasis, it is possible that @entity57941 reduces @entity715 with less increase in @entity548 than do other potent antiplatelet agents. STUDY DESIGN: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity57941 during long-term treatment of @entity1 with established @entity731 receiving standard therapy (up to 27,000). Eligible @entity1 with a history of @entity583 , @entity385 , or @entity3657 are randomized 1:1 to @entity57941 2.5 mg daily or matched placebo until the end of study. Randomization is stratified by the qualifying disease and planned use of a @entity1747 . The primary end point is the composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity64 , or urgent coronary revascularization. The major secondary end point is the composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity64 . The evaluation of long-term safety includes @entity548 defined by the GUSTO and TIMI criteria. Recruitment began in September 2007. The trial will continue until 2,279 primary end points and 1,400 secondary end points are recorded with expected completion in 36 to 44 months from first enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is evaluating whether a new approach to platelet inhibition via interruption of @entity556 -mediated platelet activation reduces major cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in @entity1 with established @entity731 .

title: Evaluation of a novel antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention in @entity1 with a history of XXXX : design and rationale for the @entity556 -Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events (TRA 2 degrees P)-TIMI 50 trial.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity556 potently activates platelets via interaction with the @entity8781 . @entity57941 is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of @entity556 via antagonism of the @entity8781 . Because @entity57941 does not interfere with other pathways for hemostasis, it is possible that @entity57941 reduces @entity715 with less increase in @entity548 than do other potent antiplatelet agents. STUDY DESIGN: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity57941 during long-term treatment of @entity1 with established @entity731 receiving standard therapy (up to 27,000). Eligible @entity1 with a history of @entity583 , @entity385 , or @entity3657 are randomized 1:1 to @entity57941 2.5 mg daily or matched placebo until the end of study. Randomization is stratified by the qualifying disease and planned use of a @entity1747 . The primary end point is the composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity64 , or urgent coronary revascularization. The major secondary end point is the composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity64 . The evaluation of long-term safety includes @entity548 defined by the GUSTO and TIMI criteria. Recruitment began in September 2007. The trial will continue until 2,279 primary end points and 1,400 secondary end points are recorded with expected completion in 36 to 44 months from first enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is evaluating whether a new approach to platelet inhibition via interruption of @entity556 -mediated platelet activation reduces major cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in @entity1 with established @entity731 .

title: Evaluation of a novel antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention in XXXX with a history of @entity731 : design and rationale for the @entity556 -Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events (TRA 2 degrees P)-TIMI 50 trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To assess the interobserver and intraobserver variability in the clinical evaluation of the quasi-static pressure-volume (P-V) curve, we analyzed 24 sets of inflation and deflation P-V curves obtained from @entity1 with @entity649 . We used a recently described sigmoidal equation to curve-fit the P-V data sets and objectively define the point of maximum compliance increase of the inflation limb (P(mci, i)) and the true inflection point of the deflation limb (P(inf,d)). These points were compared with graphic determinations of lower Pflex by seven clinicians. The graphic and curve-fitting methods were also compared for their ability to reproduce the same parameter value in data sets with reduced number of data points. The sigmoidal equation fit the P-V data with great accuracy (R(2) = 0.9992). The average of Pflex determinations was found to be correlated with P(mci,i) (R = 0.89) and P(inf,d) (R = 0.76). Individual determinations of Pflex were less correlated with the corresponding objective parameters (R = 0.67 and 0.62, respectively). Pflex + 2 cm @entity2507 was a more accurate estimator of P(inf,d) (2 SD = +/-6.05 cm @entity2507 ) than Pflex was of P(mci,i) (2 SD = +/-8.02 cm @entity2507 ). There was significant interobserver variability in Pflex, with a maximum difference of 11 cm @entity2507 for the same @entity1 (SD = 1.9 cm @entity2507 ). Clinicians had difficulty reproducing Pflex in smaller data sets with differences as great as 17 cm @entity2507 (SD = 2.8 cm @entity2507 ). In contrast, the curve-fitting method reproduced P(mci,i) with great accuracy in reduced data sets (maximum difference of 1.5 cm @entity2507 and SD = 0.3 cm @entity2507 ). We conclude that Pflex rarely coincided with the point of maximum compliance increase defined by a sigmoid curve-fit with large differences in Pflex seen both among and within observers. Calculating objective parameters such as P(mci,i) or P(inf,d) from curve-fitted P-V data can minimize this large variability.

title: An objective analysis of the pressure-volume curve in the acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: beta-blockers have been shown to benefit @entity1 after @entity583 by decreasing mortality, @entity1164 , and reinfarction. Although beta-blockers are recommended for all @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) without contraindications, a target heart rate (HR) is recommended only for @entity1 with @entity1459 /non ST-elevation @entity583 . A contemporary series documenting trends in beta-blocker usage and achieved @entity551 (BP) is not available. The study objectives were to monitor trends in HR and BP in relation to beta-blocker use in a contemporary series of @entity1 with @entity1187 . METHODS: In this observational study, 300 consecutive @entity1 with proven @entity1187 had HR and BP values collected hourly from admission until hospital discharge and averaged at multiple intervals throughout hospital stay. Data on baseline demographic characteristics, beta-blocker doses, and titration schedules, procedures performed, cardiac regimens, concurrent medical issues, and contraindications to therapy were collected. RESULTS: Only 5.3% achieved an average HR of 50 to 60 beat/min throughout the hospital stay. Overall, the average HR was 74 beat/min and average BP was 115/64 mm Hg. Admission daily doses of @entity1406 averaged 58 mg compared to discharge daily doses of 88 mg; only 52% of @entity1 had dosage increases. CONCLUSIONS: Although effective levels of BP were maintained during hospitalization for an @entity1187 , target HRs were generally not achieved. Future studies are needed to determine the relationship between treatment objectives and clinical outcomes in the present era of @entity1187 management.

title: Use of beta-blockers and effects on heart rate and blood pressure post- XXXX : are we on target?

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['HR and blood pressures']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study to describe @entity3179 care regarding compression, @entity158 management and lifestyle advice in community settings and to identify factors that predict the provision of lifestyle advice by nurses. BACKGROUND: Incongruence between evidence and practice in leg @entity1066 care has been reported. Little is known about predictive factors related to the provision of lifestyle advice. METHOD: Two focus interviews and a Delphi procedure were used to develop a self-administered questionnaire based on the Graham questionnaire. Nurses employed by community healthcare organizations and independent nurses in private practices participated (n = 789). The data were collected in 2006. FINDINGS: Compression was applied in 58.7% of @entity1 with @entity3179 . @entity158 was present in 82.9%. A third of @entity1 with @entity158 received analgesics, but half of these @entity1 (52.1%) took analgesics as prescribed. Half of the nurses (50.8%) gave lifestyle advice related to the leg @entity1066 . It was mainly instructions about leg elevation (68.3%), promoting physical activity (39.8%) and optimizing nutrition (16.7%) that were provided. Nurses who perceived themselves to have adequate leg @entity1066 knowledge and skills were 3.75 times more likely to provide lifestyle advice compared with those lacking such knowledge and skills. Nurses who found leg @entity1066 care not rewarding, rarely successful or difficult gave statistically significantly less lifestyle advice than those who found it rather rewarding, successful and not difficult. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with leg @entity1066 receive less than optimum care and @entity1 education. A particular challenge lies in leg @entity1066 education programmes and @entity158 management.

title: How evidence-based is XXXX care? A survey in community settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'venous leg ulcer']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity74 are an important cause of @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) in young @entity1 . Despite advances in the treatment of genetically triggered @entity2334 , the optimal syndrome-specific treatment approach remains undefined. We used data from the National Institutes of Health-funded, multicenter National Registry of Genetically Triggered @entity2334 and @entity65 (GenTAC) to characterize the contemporary surgical treatment of @entity1 with genetically triggered @entity2334 . METHODS: GenTAC's aim is to collect longitudinal clinical data and banked biospecimens from 2800 @entity1 with genetically triggered @entity2334 . We analyzed data from the 606 @entity1 (mean age, 37.5 years) enrolled in GenTAC to date whose clinical data were available. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' primary diagnoses included @entity1614 (35.8%), bicuspid aortic valve with @entity439 (29.2%), and familial @entity2334 and dissections (10.7%). Of these, 56.4% had undergone at least one operation; the most common indications were @entity439 (85.7%), @entity340 (65.8%), and dissection (25.4%). Surgical procedures included replacement of the aortic root (50.6%), ascending aorta (64.8%), aortic arch (27.9%), and descending or thoracoabdominal aorta (12.4%). Syndrome-specific differences in age, indications for operation, and procedure type were identified. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with genetically transmitted @entity2334 evaluated in tertiary care centers frequently undergo surgical repair. @entity439 repairs most commonly involve the aortic root and ascending aorta; distal repairs are less common. Like @entity2334 themselves, complications of @entity2334 , including dissection and aortic @entity340 , are important indications for intervention. Future studies will focus on syndrome- and gene-specific phenotypes, biomarkers, treatments, and outcomes to improve the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2334 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX enrolled in the national registry of genetically triggered thoracic aortic conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms', 'Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms', 'TAAs']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Conditions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal management of @entity158 after thoracotomy can be challenging. Continuous infusion of local anesthetic into the incision may help reduce the amount of narcotics required to control @entity282 . To address this issue, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of infusion of @entity1341 versus placebo through intercostal and subcutaneous catheters after thoracotomy. METHODS: From April 2006 to June 2007, 124 @entity1 had intercostal catheters placed at thoracotomy and connected to continuous infusion @entity158 pumps. Each @entity1 had catheters placed in the intercostal space near the head of the rib and subcutaneously beneath the incision; both were connected to an infusion pump through a Y connector. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive placebo (normal saline solution) or 0.25% @entity1341 as a 4 cc per hour infusion for 100 hours after thoracotomy. All personnel caring for the @entity1 were blinded to the content of the infusion. @entity227 scores, and oral @entity1286 equivalent usage was recorded for each @entity1 . In addition to the infusion catheters, all @entity1 had epidural analgesia that remained in place until postoperative day 3. RESULTS: There were 60 @entity1 in the @entity1341 arm and 64 in the placebo group. Overall mean age was 64.7 years and 65 (52.4%) were @entity1 . Mean body mass index was 28.8 kg/m(2). There were no statistical differences in any demographic parameter except that there were more @entity1 in the placebo group. Pulmonary resection was performed in 100 patients, an antireflux procedure in 16, and other miscellaneous procedures in 8. There was no statistical difference in the @entity1286 equivalent usage between the two groups. There was also no difference between the average daily @entity158 scores between the two groups. Length of stay was not significantly different between groups: mean (SD) of 6.2 (3.4) and 6.7 (5.0) for placebo and @entity1341 , respectively (p = 0.51). There was no operative mortality, and complications occurred in 28% of @entity1 (placebo group, 25%; @entity1341 group, 32%; p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial demonstrated that the infusion of local anesthetic into the subcutaneous area and around the rib @entity174 site in addition to epidural analgesia did not reduce the amount of narcotic usage after a thoracotomy, nor did it affect visual analog @entity158 scores. @entity158 control with intercostal catheters infusing local anesthetics did not produce a measurable @entity158 relief beyond that provided by epidural analgesia.

title: A randomized controlled trial of XXXX through intracostal catheters for @entity158 management after thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic information, visual analog pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal management of @entity158 after thoracotomy can be challenging. Continuous infusion of local anesthetic into the incision may help reduce the amount of narcotics required to control @entity282 . To address this issue, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of infusion of @entity1341 versus placebo through intercostal and subcutaneous catheters after thoracotomy. METHODS: From April 2006 to June 2007, 124 @entity1 had intercostal catheters placed at thoracotomy and connected to continuous infusion @entity158 pumps. Each @entity1 had catheters placed in the intercostal space near the head of the rib and subcutaneously beneath the incision; both were connected to an infusion pump through a Y connector. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive placebo (normal saline solution) or 0.25% @entity1341 as a 4 cc per hour infusion for 100 hours after thoracotomy. All personnel caring for the @entity1 were blinded to the content of the infusion. @entity227 scores, and oral @entity1286 equivalent usage was recorded for each @entity1 . In addition to the infusion catheters, all @entity1 had epidural analgesia that remained in place until postoperative day 3. RESULTS: There were 60 @entity1 in the @entity1341 arm and 64 in the placebo group. Overall mean age was 64.7 years and 65 (52.4%) were @entity1 . Mean body mass index was 28.8 kg/m(2). There were no statistical differences in any demographic parameter except that there were more @entity1 in the placebo group. Pulmonary resection was performed in 100 patients, an antireflux procedure in 16, and other miscellaneous procedures in 8. There was no statistical difference in the @entity1286 equivalent usage between the two groups. There was also no difference between the average daily @entity158 scores between the two groups. Length of stay was not significantly different between groups: mean (SD) of 6.2 (3.4) and 6.7 (5.0) for placebo and @entity1341 , respectively (p = 0.51). There was no operative mortality, and complications occurred in 28% of @entity1 (placebo group, 25%; @entity1341 group, 32%; p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial demonstrated that the infusion of local anesthetic into the subcutaneous area and around the rib @entity174 site in addition to epidural analgesia did not reduce the amount of narcotic usage after a thoracotomy, nor did it affect visual analog @entity158 scores. @entity158 control with intercostal catheters infusing local anesthetics did not produce a measurable @entity158 relief beyond that provided by epidural analgesia.

title: A randomized controlled trial of @entity1341 through intracostal catheters for XXXX management after thoracotomy.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can potentially impact on the results of @entity9876 . The purpose of this study was to examine this effect in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 . METHODS: Clinical records of @entity1 with @entity1149 undergoing @entity9876 between 1983 and 2008 were reviewed for age, sex, type of sleeve resection, clinicopathologic TNM stage, complications, and 90-day mortality. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy regimens were recorded for the @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared. RESULTS: There were 64 @entity1 identified as having undergone sleeve resection for @entity1149 . Of the 64 total @entity1 , 43 did not receive concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy [NCR] versus 21 @entity1 who did [ @entity91 ]. All of the @entity91 @entity1 underwent @entity902 -based chemotherapy and radiation (range, 2,000 to 6,100 cGy). Thirteen @entity1 (62%) were downstaged, with 4 complete responders. The 90-day mortality was 2.7% (2 @entity1 ) in the NCR group and 0% in the @entity91 group. The incidence of major complications in the NCR group was 46.5% (20 of 43) with 4.7% (2 of 43) @entity532 ( @entity850 , 1; bronchovascular fistula, 1). The incidence of major complications in the @entity91 group was 42.9% (9 of 21) with no anastomosis-related problems. Five-year survival in the NCR group was 48% compared with 41% in the @entity91 group (p = 0.63). There were 9% (4 of 43) of @entity1 with local recurrence in the NCR group versus 10% (2 of 21) of @entity1 in the @entity91 group (p = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Anastomosis-related complications were not increased among the @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy compared with those who did not. In addition, local recurrence was also similar between the two groups. Furthermore, the survival of the two groups was not statistically different. Sleeve lobectomy after chemoradiotherapy for advanced @entity1149 can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

title: The incidence of perioperative @entity532 after XXXX is not increased after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis-related complications']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['sleeve lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity9876 :: (MESH:D020232,Disease) :: ['sleeve lobectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can potentially impact on the results of @entity9876 . The purpose of this study was to examine this effect in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 . METHODS: Clinical records of @entity1 with @entity1149 undergoing @entity9876 between 1983 and 2008 were reviewed for age, sex, type of sleeve resection, clinicopathologic TNM stage, complications, and 90-day mortality. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy regimens were recorded for the @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared. RESULTS: There were 64 @entity1 identified as having undergone sleeve resection for @entity1149 . Of the 64 total @entity1 , 43 did not receive concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy [NCR] versus 21 @entity1 who did [ @entity91 ]. All of the @entity91 @entity1 underwent @entity902 -based chemotherapy and radiation (range, 2,000 to 6,100 cGy). Thirteen @entity1 (62%) were downstaged, with 4 complete responders. The 90-day mortality was 2.7% (2 @entity1 ) in the NCR group and 0% in the @entity91 group. The incidence of major complications in the NCR group was 46.5% (20 of 43) with 4.7% (2 of 43) @entity532 ( @entity850 , 1; bronchovascular fistula, 1). The incidence of major complications in the @entity91 group was 42.9% (9 of 21) with no anastomosis-related problems. Five-year survival in the NCR group was 48% compared with 41% in the @entity91 group (p = 0.63). There were 9% (4 of 43) of @entity1 with local recurrence in the NCR group versus 10% (2 of 21) of @entity1 in the @entity91 group (p = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Anastomosis-related complications were not increased among the @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy compared with those who did not. In addition, local recurrence was also similar between the two groups. Furthermore, the survival of the two groups was not statistically different. Sleeve lobectomy after chemoradiotherapy for advanced @entity1149 can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

title: The incidence of perioperative XXXX after @entity9876 is not increased after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['anastomotic complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity738 annulare (GA) is unclear. Collagen fiber degeneration is commonly reported, and there are several conflicting studies on elastic fiber and vascular changes associated with GA. In this study, we aimed to evaluate histopathologic characteristics, collagen and elastic tissue changes and vascular changes in GA. METHODS: Clinical records of 35 GA @entity1 were examined alongside serial sections of 38 biopsy specimens from these @entity1 . New sections of biopsy tissue were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , @entity558 and then evaluated. RESULTS: Four different histopathologic patterns were observed: interstitial (57.9%), palisadic granulomatous (26.3%), sarcoidal granulomatous (5.3%) and mixed (10.5%). @entity3079 was determined in 84.2% of specimens. @entity2652 was observed in only seven specimens, and elastophagocytosis was observed in only two specimens. Collagen and elastic tissue damages were consistent findings in all biopsy specimens. Fibrin thrombi and vasculitic changes were not found in any of the specimens from this @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: Elastic and collagen fiber damage are the main accompanying features of GA, which may develop from @entity56 . @entity1333 does not appear to be a major causative process. Sun exposure also seems to have no major effect on the formation of GA but can be one of the stimulants or predisposing factors.

title: Collagen-elastic tissue changes and vascular involvement in XXXX annulare: a review of 35 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Verhoeff-van Gieson or Alcian blue']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['Dermal mucin deposition']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['Solar elastosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is clear that beta-blockers are effective for treatment of @entity712 , but their mechanism of action remains controversial. Hypothesized mechanisms include normalization of beta-receptor function and myocardial protection from the effects of @entity2661 , possibly by the institution of @entity1168 . We hypothesized that beta-blockade-induced @entity1168 was an important mechanism by which these agents were effective for correction of @entity409 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2 groups of @entity235 with @entity339 and @entity409 , beta-blockers were instituted. In 1 group that received beta-blockers and pacing (group beta+P), a pacemaker prevented the natural @entity1168 that beta-blockers cause. In both groups, substantial @entity409 developed. Before beta-blockade, the end-systolic stiffness constant decreased from 3. 5+/-0.1 to 2.7+/-0.2 (P<0.01) at 3 months in group beta+P. A similar reduction occurred in the group that eventually received only beta-blockers (group betaB). In group betaB, end-systolic stiffness improved after 3 months of beta-blockade from 2.9+/-0.2 to 3.5+/-0.4 and was not different from baseline. However, in group beta+P, end-systolic stiffness failed to improve (2.7+/-0.2) after 3 months of @entity339 , and was 2.9+/-0.2 at the end of the studies. The contractile function of cardiocytes isolated from the ventricles at the end of the studies confirmed these in vivo estimates of contractility. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that institution of @entity1168 is a major mechanism by which beta-blockers are effective for restoration of contractile function in a model of @entity409 .

title: XXXX and the role of beta-blockade in the amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['Bradycardia']


abstract: We have analysed @entity517 , @entity4180 and @entity10005 gene expression in developing @entity1 fetal brain by Northern hybridization, RNAase protection and in situ hybridization. The unique zonal organization of the developing fetal brain allows a particularly good assessment of the coupling of @entity517 gene expression to cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo. By Northern and in situ hybridization, @entity10005 as well as @entity517 and @entity4180 transcripts in the brain were found in the post-mitotic cortical and intermediate layers, as well as in the mitotically active layers containing the neuroepithelial precursor cells. Consistent results were also obtained for @entity10005 using RNAase protection analysis. Both the 3.6 and 3.8kb forms of the @entity10005 mRNA, resulting from alternative splicing of intron I, were detected in layers of neuroectodermal origin, but not in the meninges or choroid plexus. We also extended @entity10005 expression and splicing analyses to other developing @entity1 fetal tissues. @entity10005 mRNA was expressed in several other fetal tissues, particularly in fetal skin. Predominantly intron I containing @entity10005 mRNA was observed in fetal striated and cardiac muscle. Thus, @entity10005 is expressed in a wider spectrum of developing tissues than previously known. Our findings also, show that @entity10005 as well as @entity4180 and @entity517 expression is uncoupled from cell division in developing brain.

title: Expression of the XXXX proto-oncogenes in developing @entity1 fetal brain.

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['myc']


abstract: We have analysed @entity517 , @entity4180 and @entity10005 gene expression in developing @entity1 fetal brain by Northern hybridization, RNAase protection and in situ hybridization. The unique zonal organization of the developing fetal brain allows a particularly good assessment of the coupling of @entity517 gene expression to cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo. By Northern and in situ hybridization, @entity10005 as well as @entity517 and @entity4180 transcripts in the brain were found in the post-mitotic cortical and intermediate layers, as well as in the mitotically active layers containing the neuroepithelial precursor cells. Consistent results were also obtained for @entity10005 using RNAase protection analysis. Both the 3.6 and 3.8kb forms of the @entity10005 mRNA, resulting from alternative splicing of intron I, were detected in layers of neuroectodermal origin, but not in the meninges or choroid plexus. We also extended @entity10005 expression and splicing analyses to other developing @entity1 fetal tissues. @entity10005 mRNA was expressed in several other fetal tissues, particularly in fetal skin. Predominantly intron I containing @entity10005 mRNA was observed in fetal striated and cardiac muscle. Thus, @entity10005 is expressed in a wider spectrum of developing tissues than previously known. Our findings also, show that @entity10005 as well as @entity4180 and @entity517 expression is uncoupled from cell division in developing brain.

title: Expression of the @entity517 proto-oncogenes in developing XXXX fetal brain.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7424 has been shown to protect myocardium against death in animal models of @entity1188 and @entity63 -reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of the @entity7424 -regulated protein kinase @entity1994 in cardiac myocyte survival in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity7424 promoted survival of cultured cardiomyocytes under conditions of serum deprivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cardiac fibroblast survival. The cytoprotective effect of @entity7424 on cardiomyocytes was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor @entity2307 . @entity2307 had no effect on cardiomyocyte viability in the absence of @entity7424 . @entity7424 -mediated cytoprotection correlated with the @entity2307 -sensitive induction of @entity1994 protein kinase activity. To examine the functional consequences of @entity1994 activation in cardiomyocyte survival, replication-defective adenoviral constructs expressing wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active @entity1994 genes were constructed. Transduction of dominant-negative @entity1994 blocked @entity7424 -induced survival but had no effect on cardiomyocyte survival in the absence of @entity7424 . In contrast, transduction of wild-type @entity1994 enhanced cardiomyocyte survival at subsaturating levels of @entity7424 , whereas constitutively active @entity1994 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis in the absence of @entity7424 . After transduction into the @entity19 heart in vivo, constitutively active @entity1994 protected against myocyte apoptosis in response to @entity63 -reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first documentation that @entity1994 functions to promote cellular survival in vivo, and they indicate that the activation of this pathway may be useful in promoting myocyte survival in the diseased heart.

title: XXXX promotes survival of cardiomyocytes in vitro and protects against @entity63 -reperfusion injury in @entity19 heart.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin', 'Wortmannin']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7424 has been shown to protect myocardium against death in animal models of @entity1188 and @entity63 -reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of the @entity7424 -regulated protein kinase @entity1994 in cardiac myocyte survival in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity7424 promoted survival of cultured cardiomyocytes under conditions of serum deprivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cardiac fibroblast survival. The cytoprotective effect of @entity7424 on cardiomyocytes was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor @entity2307 . @entity2307 had no effect on cardiomyocyte viability in the absence of @entity7424 . @entity7424 -mediated cytoprotection correlated with the @entity2307 -sensitive induction of @entity1994 protein kinase activity. To examine the functional consequences of @entity1994 activation in cardiomyocyte survival, replication-defective adenoviral constructs expressing wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active @entity1994 genes were constructed. Transduction of dominant-negative @entity1994 blocked @entity7424 -induced survival but had no effect on cardiomyocyte survival in the absence of @entity7424 . In contrast, transduction of wild-type @entity1994 enhanced cardiomyocyte survival at subsaturating levels of @entity7424 , whereas constitutively active @entity1994 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis in the absence of @entity7424 . After transduction into the @entity19 heart in vivo, constitutively active @entity1994 protected against myocyte apoptosis in response to @entity63 -reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first documentation that @entity1994 functions to promote cellular survival in vivo, and they indicate that the activation of this pathway may be useful in promoting myocyte survival in the diseased heart.

title: @entity1994 promotes survival of cardiomyocytes in vitro and protects against XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity19 heart.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7424 has been shown to protect myocardium against death in animal models of @entity1188 and @entity63 -reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of the @entity7424 -regulated protein kinase @entity1994 in cardiac myocyte survival in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity7424 promoted survival of cultured cardiomyocytes under conditions of serum deprivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cardiac fibroblast survival. The cytoprotective effect of @entity7424 on cardiomyocytes was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor @entity2307 . @entity2307 had no effect on cardiomyocyte viability in the absence of @entity7424 . @entity7424 -mediated cytoprotection correlated with the @entity2307 -sensitive induction of @entity1994 protein kinase activity. To examine the functional consequences of @entity1994 activation in cardiomyocyte survival, replication-defective adenoviral constructs expressing wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active @entity1994 genes were constructed. Transduction of dominant-negative @entity1994 blocked @entity7424 -induced survival but had no effect on cardiomyocyte survival in the absence of @entity7424 . In contrast, transduction of wild-type @entity1994 enhanced cardiomyocyte survival at subsaturating levels of @entity7424 , whereas constitutively active @entity1994 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis in the absence of @entity7424 . After transduction into the @entity19 heart in vivo, constitutively active @entity1994 protected against myocyte apoptosis in response to @entity63 -reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first documentation that @entity1994 functions to promote cellular survival in vivo, and they indicate that the activation of this pathway may be useful in promoting myocyte survival in the diseased heart.

title: @entity1994 promotes survival of cardiomyocytes in vitro and protects against @entity63 -reperfusion injury in XXXX heart.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare direct costs and results for @entity1 with electrodiagnostically proven @entity923 treated with surgery versus nonsurgical care. METHODS: There is a retrospective study of 120 @entity1 divided into 2 groups: subjects in group 1 had chosen nonsurgical treatment, whereas subjects in group 2 had chosen surgery with no nonsurgical treatment. @entity1 were matched on age, gender, severity of @entity616 , body mass index, smoking history, job category, and insurance coverage. Direct cost of care was measured. An incremental cost-utility ratio was calculated to compare costs between the different management strategies. RESULTS: Group 1 follow-up averaged 13 +/- 5 months compared to 12 +/- 2 months for group 2. @entity134 injections were used in 18 @entity1 in group 1. Thirty-two @entity1 in group 1 elected to have surgery during the follow-up period. Cost of care averaged  3335 +/-  2097 in group 1 and  3068 +/-  983 in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The direct cost of nonsurgical care of confirmed @entity923 did not show a significant difference from that of surgical treatment without preoperative splinting or therapy. The incremental cost-utility ratio for @entity923 was favorable. Surgery, rather than nonsurgical care, should be considered as the initial form of treatment when @entity1 are diagnosed with @entity923 that is confirmed by nerve conduction studies, as this provides symptom resolution with a favorable cost analysis. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Economic and Decision Analysis III.

title: The cost-effectiveness of nonsurgical versus surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome', 'carpal tunnel surgery']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: This report describes the change in @entity731 ( @entity731 ) among @entity101 adults referred for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) scan. METHODS: From Oct 1993 through July 2008, 20,994 @entity1 had @entity8 at our center. A total of 434 @entity101 @entity1 with two or more @entity8 exams without intervention comprised the study cohort. @entity1 demographics (blood pressures, medications, serum @entity1011 levels, and data from @entity8 ) were collected. Analyses of longitudinal changes in Doppler scan parameters, blood pressures, and renal function were performed by fitting linear growth-curve models. After confirming the linearity of change in Doppler scan parameters among @entity1 with variable number of studies, estimates of mean slopes were calculated using maximum likelihood techniques. For changes in renal function, quadratic growth curves were required to describe longitudinal change. RESULTS: A total of 434 subjects (212 @entity1 [49%] and 222 @entity1 [51%]; mean age, 64.6 +/- 12.2 years) provided 1351 studies (mean, 3.2 +/- 2.4; range, 2 to 18) for 863 kidneys over a mean follow-up of 34.4 +/- 25.1 months. At baseline, 20.6% of kidneys demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity850 . On follow-up, 72 kidneys (9.1%) demonstrated anatomic progression of disease. A total of 54 kidneys (6.9%) progressed to significant @entity850 and 18 (2.3%) progressed to occlusion. Controlling for progression of @entity8 status demonstrated a strong association with baseline kidney length (P = .0006). Significant annualized change in @entity8 was observed (cm change/year +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]: 0.042 +/- 0.011; P = .0002) among both kidneys with and without critical disease at baseline, however, decline in length was significantly greater among kidneys exhibiting progression of @entity455 (-0.152 +/- 0.028 cm/year; comparison of slopes between groups P = .0005). In the absence of progression, the presence or absence of critical @entity2791 at baseline did not affect the rate of decline in @entity8 . Fitted models for the natural log transform of serum @entity1011 demonstrated a significant increase during follow-up (P < .0001). No association was observed between change in serum @entity1011 and baseline @entity455 status, or its progression. CONCLUSION: A total of 32% of @entity101 adults referred for @entity8 demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity2791 . Regardless of the presence or @entity66 , a small percentage of @entity1 demonstrated anatomic progression of @entity731 . A total of 9.1% demonstrated anatomic progression and 2.3% progressed to occlusion. Although anatomic progression of @entity731 was associated with an increased rate of decline in @entity8 , progression did not predict a @entity177 . Intervention for @entity731 should be selective and reserved for strict indications.

title: @entity731 among XXXX adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal length', 'renal duplex sonography', 'RDS', 'disease, baseline renal artery']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['absence of baseline disease']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decline in excretory renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['AS-RVD', 'atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: This report describes the change in @entity731 ( @entity731 ) among @entity101 adults referred for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) scan. METHODS: From Oct 1993 through July 2008, 20,994 @entity1 had @entity8 at our center. A total of 434 @entity101 @entity1 with two or more @entity8 exams without intervention comprised the study cohort. @entity1 demographics (blood pressures, medications, serum @entity1011 levels, and data from @entity8 ) were collected. Analyses of longitudinal changes in Doppler scan parameters, blood pressures, and renal function were performed by fitting linear growth-curve models. After confirming the linearity of change in Doppler scan parameters among @entity1 with variable number of studies, estimates of mean slopes were calculated using maximum likelihood techniques. For changes in renal function, quadratic growth curves were required to describe longitudinal change. RESULTS: A total of 434 subjects (212 @entity1 [49%] and 222 @entity1 [51%]; mean age, 64.6 +/- 12.2 years) provided 1351 studies (mean, 3.2 +/- 2.4; range, 2 to 18) for 863 kidneys over a mean follow-up of 34.4 +/- 25.1 months. At baseline, 20.6% of kidneys demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity850 . On follow-up, 72 kidneys (9.1%) demonstrated anatomic progression of disease. A total of 54 kidneys (6.9%) progressed to significant @entity850 and 18 (2.3%) progressed to occlusion. Controlling for progression of @entity8 status demonstrated a strong association with baseline kidney length (P = .0006). Significant annualized change in @entity8 was observed (cm change/year +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]: 0.042 +/- 0.011; P = .0002) among both kidneys with and without critical disease at baseline, however, decline in length was significantly greater among kidneys exhibiting progression of @entity455 (-0.152 +/- 0.028 cm/year; comparison of slopes between groups P = .0005). In the absence of progression, the presence or absence of critical @entity2791 at baseline did not affect the rate of decline in @entity8 . Fitted models for the natural log transform of serum @entity1011 demonstrated a significant increase during follow-up (P < .0001). No association was observed between change in serum @entity1011 and baseline @entity455 status, or its progression. CONCLUSION: A total of 32% of @entity101 adults referred for @entity8 demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity2791 . Regardless of the presence or @entity66 , a small percentage of @entity1 demonstrated anatomic progression of @entity731 . A total of 9.1% demonstrated anatomic progression and 2.3% progressed to occlusion. Although anatomic progression of @entity731 was associated with an increased rate of decline in @entity8 , progression did not predict a @entity177 . Intervention for @entity731 should be selective and reserved for strict indications.

title: XXXX among @entity101 adults.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic renovascular disease']


abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to compare pregnancy outcomes and cerclage-related complications of ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in @entity1 at risk of @entity1887 due to a history of @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ). A structured search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify potentially relevant articles from January 1980 through July 2007. Studies were included if ultrasound-predicated cerclage was compared to history-predicated cerclage in @entity1 with a singleton gestation and a history of @entity3152 . The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane search yielded 537, 643, and 42 articles, respectively. In addition, 1194 "Related articles" (PubMed) and 87 "Cited in/cited by" (ISI-WOS) from all potentially relevant articles were assessed. After critical evaluation for relevance and quality, 6 articles remained. Five of the 6 included studies showed no differences in pregnancy outcome ( @entity3152 or @entity393 <24 weeks) between the ultrasound-predicated and the history-predicated cerclage groups. In 1 prospective cohort study, @entity3152 below 30 weeks was significantly lower in the ultrasound group. The included studies showed that in the ultrasound group, 40% to 68% of the @entity1 did not require cerclage. The majority of studies provided insufficient data to draw conclusions regarding cerclage-related complications. In conclusion, using ultrasound to identify @entity1 at risk of @entity1887 because of a history of @entity3152 reduces cerclage rates and results in similar pregnancy outcomes as cerclage placement on the basis of history alone. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the reader should be able to identify his or her own management of @entity1 with prior history of @entity3152 with respect to the possible use of cerclage, design a diagnostic strategy for his or her own @entity1 to determine whether history or ultrasound-based decision making is appropriate in the practice setting, and translate best-practices with respect to @entity3799 in his or her own practice.

title: Ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in @entity1 at risk of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'PTD']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cervical insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['definition of cervical shortening']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['cervical insufficiency']


abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to compare pregnancy outcomes and cerclage-related complications of ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in @entity1 at risk of @entity1887 due to a history of @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ). A structured search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify potentially relevant articles from January 1980 through July 2007. Studies were included if ultrasound-predicated cerclage was compared to history-predicated cerclage in @entity1 with a singleton gestation and a history of @entity3152 . The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane search yielded 537, 643, and 42 articles, respectively. In addition, 1194 "Related articles" (PubMed) and 87 "Cited in/cited by" (ISI-WOS) from all potentially relevant articles were assessed. After critical evaluation for relevance and quality, 6 articles remained. Five of the 6 included studies showed no differences in pregnancy outcome ( @entity3152 or @entity393 <24 weeks) between the ultrasound-predicated and the history-predicated cerclage groups. In 1 prospective cohort study, @entity3152 below 30 weeks was significantly lower in the ultrasound group. The included studies showed that in the ultrasound group, 40% to 68% of the @entity1 did not require cerclage. The majority of studies provided insufficient data to draw conclusions regarding cerclage-related complications. In conclusion, using ultrasound to identify @entity1 at risk of @entity1887 because of a history of @entity3152 reduces cerclage rates and results in similar pregnancy outcomes as cerclage placement on the basis of history alone. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the reader should be able to identify his or her own management of @entity1 with prior history of @entity3152 with respect to the possible use of cerclage, design a diagnostic strategy for his or her own @entity1 to determine whether history or ultrasound-based decision making is appropriate in the practice setting, and translate best-practices with respect to @entity3799 in his or her own practice.

title: Ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in XXXX at risk of @entity1887 : a systematic review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Basal serum @entity701 level was measured in @entity1 with @entity195 . The diagnosis of @entity195 was made by the DSM-III-R criteria, and the severity of @entity303 was measured by use the Rosen et. al. scale. Additionally, the presence of @entity308 and @entity4696 syndromes was evaluated. The Hamilton scale was used for the evaluation of @entity308 severity. @entity701 level was measured by radioimmune assay. Sixty three @entity1 , 39 female and 24 male, were evaluated. The mean age for @entity1 was 69.54 and for @entity1 71 years. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: I--simple @entity303 , II-- @entity303 with @entity308 , III-- @entity303 with @entity4696 . Positive correlation was found between basal @entity701 level and the severity of @entity303 only in group I. Mean @entity701 level in @entity1 from group II and III was significantly different than in group I. Among female @entity1 with @entity308 the negative correlation between @entity701 level and severity of @entity303 was found; no other correlations were proved. No correlation was found between the @entity701 level and severity of @entity303 in @entity2653 .

title: [Dependence on serum XXXX level or the severity of intellectual impairment in primary @entity303 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ["Hamilton's scale"]

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['primary degenerative dementia']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['paraphrenia']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Basal serum @entity701 level was measured in @entity1 with @entity195 . The diagnosis of @entity195 was made by the DSM-III-R criteria, and the severity of @entity303 was measured by use the Rosen et. al. scale. Additionally, the presence of @entity308 and @entity4696 syndromes was evaluated. The Hamilton scale was used for the evaluation of @entity308 severity. @entity701 level was measured by radioimmune assay. Sixty three @entity1 , 39 female and 24 male, were evaluated. The mean age for @entity1 was 69.54 and for @entity1 71 years. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: I--simple @entity303 , II-- @entity303 with @entity308 , III-- @entity303 with @entity4696 . Positive correlation was found between basal @entity701 level and the severity of @entity303 only in group I. Mean @entity701 level in @entity1 from group II and III was significantly different than in group I. Among female @entity1 with @entity308 the negative correlation between @entity701 level and severity of @entity303 was found; no other correlations were proved. No correlation was found between the @entity701 level and severity of @entity303 in @entity2653 .

title: [Dependence on serum @entity701 level or the severity of intellectual impairment in primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['degenerative dementias']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine clinical and pathological factors significant for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and local-regional failure-free survival (LRFFS) in uterine @entity242 as they relate to @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis of 3,650 @entity1 with uterine @entity242 was conducted using the National Oncology Database, a proprietary database of aggregated @entity5 registries owned by Impac Medical Systems (Sunnyvale, CA). Adjuvant radiotherapy was defined as postoperative external beam radiation to the pelvis, with or without brachytherapy. Prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis (MVA) using the Cox proportional hazards model. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival, with significant differences (p < 0.05) determined using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 59 months, with a 5-year @entity1349 of 37%. Significant prognostic factors for @entity1349 were stage, race/ethnicity, grade, age, histology, lymph node status, and surgical treatment (p < 0.01 for all factors). Use of @entity1753 was not predictive for @entity1349 . For nonmetastatic @entity5 @entity1 receiving definitive surgery (n = 2,206), the 5-year LRFFS was 87%. In this group, stage, grade, histology, and @entity1753 were prognostic for LRFFS (p < 0.05), with @entity1753 associated with improved outcome compared with surgery alone (hazard ratio = 0.4, p < 0.001). @entity1 with @entity6962 , @entity6019 , @entity1822 , poorly differentiated @entity5 , and negative lymph nodes had reduced local-regional failure (LRF) with @entity1753 (log-rank, p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: In the largest retrospective analysis of uterine @entity242 published thus far, @entity1753 conferred a 53% reduction in the risk of LRF at 5 years. Use of @entity1753 may have broader indications than what are currently accepted in clinical practice.

title: The role of adjuvant radiation in uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'adjuvant radiotherapy']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: The transcutaneous @entity26 tension (tcPo2) in five healthy subjects and in seven @entity1 was monitored continuously by the technique of Huch, Huch, and L  bbers. The inspired @entity26 concentration was varied between 15 and 100%. Once stable tcPo2 recordings were obtained, blood samples were drawn via an indwelling arterial catheter for @entity26 tension (Pao2) determination. A comparison between the Pao2 and the tcPo2 values is illustrated graphically. There was a small difference between these values in the healthy subjects, which was attributed to variations in the skin from subject to subject. In the @entity1 , a circulatory factor may have added to differences in the absolute levels. The coefficient of correlation between Pao2 and tcPo2 was in all cases higher than 0.98. In healthy @entity1 , Pao2 may be predicted from tcPo2. In @entity1 , any change in Pao2, due to deterioration or improvement, is manifested in the tcPo2 curve. If one or two arterial blood measurements are performed, low as well as high Pao2 values may be predicted from tcPo2 in @entity1 without gross circulatory impairment.

title: The validity of the transcutaneous XXXX tension method in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify in-shoe plantar shear in @entity6 feet. DESIGN: Plantar shear stresses are measured in a group of six @entity1 with a history of @entity6 . BACKGROUND: Although elevated pressure between foot and shoe frequently found in @entity6 @entity1 has been linked to a raised incidence of plantar ulceration, the shear component of stress at this interface is as yet unquantified. It is suggested that its effects may be equally damaging. METHODS: Measurements of shear were made locally beneath the medial four metatarsal heads and heel during unpaced gait in orthopaedic footwear, using a bi-axial magneto-resistive shear transducer. Similar methodology was previously employed on a group of asymptomatic adults, thereby allowing comparisons to be made. RESULTS: Overall the maximum shear stress for this @entity1 group (73 kPa) was not significantly different to that in the asymptomatic group (87 kPa). However the @entity1 group exhibited lower magnitudes of shear stress under the third/fourth metatarsal heads (average 51/39 vs. 86.5/71 kPa, respectively) and higher magnitudes under the first/second heads (73/64 vs. 35/31 kPa, respectively), indicating a medial shift. Step-to-step variability of maximum shear measured under the third metatarsal head showed an increase in the transverse component (coefficient of reliability 67% vs. 98%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall patterns of shear are broadly similar to the asymptomatic group, these pilot trials indicate a medial shift in shear loading under the forefoot coupled to increased step-to-step variability in the @entity6 group. RelevanceMechanical stress at the plantar interface between foot and shoe is of particular clinical relevance to the formation and management of @entity1066 in @entity3949 . Whereas the pressure component of stress is widely studied, the shear component is poorly described although it may be of equal importance.

title: A study of in-shoe plantar shear in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathic', 'diabetic', 'diabetic neuropathic ulceration']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify in-shoe plantar shear in @entity6 feet. DESIGN: Plantar shear stresses are measured in a group of six @entity1 with a history of @entity6 . BACKGROUND: Although elevated pressure between foot and shoe frequently found in @entity6 @entity1 has been linked to a raised incidence of plantar ulceration, the shear component of stress at this interface is as yet unquantified. It is suggested that its effects may be equally damaging. METHODS: Measurements of shear were made locally beneath the medial four metatarsal heads and heel during unpaced gait in orthopaedic footwear, using a bi-axial magneto-resistive shear transducer. Similar methodology was previously employed on a group of asymptomatic adults, thereby allowing comparisons to be made. RESULTS: Overall the maximum shear stress for this @entity1 group (73 kPa) was not significantly different to that in the asymptomatic group (87 kPa). However the @entity1 group exhibited lower magnitudes of shear stress under the third/fourth metatarsal heads (average 51/39 vs. 86.5/71 kPa, respectively) and higher magnitudes under the first/second heads (73/64 vs. 35/31 kPa, respectively), indicating a medial shift. Step-to-step variability of maximum shear measured under the third metatarsal head showed an increase in the transverse component (coefficient of reliability 67% vs. 98%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall patterns of shear are broadly similar to the asymptomatic group, these pilot trials indicate a medial shift in shear loading under the forefoot coupled to increased step-to-step variability in the @entity6 group. RelevanceMechanical stress at the plantar interface between foot and shoe is of particular clinical relevance to the formation and management of @entity1066 in @entity3949 . Whereas the pressure component of stress is widely studied, the shear component is poorly described although it may be of equal importance.

title: A study of in-shoe plantar shear in XXXX with @entity3949 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary post-caesarean analgesia based on oral opioid has not been adequately studied. This approach may show a good side-effect profile and high satisfaction and avoid neuraxial complications. METHODS: In a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial 120 @entity1 were randomised to receive either sustained-release oral @entity1288 20mg in the recovery room followed by immediate-release @entity1288 10mg 6-hourly for the first 24h (group O) or intrathecal @entity1286 100mug at the time of spinal anaesthesia (group I). All @entity1 received regular postoperative @entity3522 , @entity1443 and standardised supplemental analgesia. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven @entity1 completed the study. The area under the curve for @entity158 scores to 24h did not differ significantly between groups for @entity158 at rest (P=0.465) or on movement (P=0.533). Numerical @entity158 scores were low and similar, except at rest at 12h (group I 1 [0-2] vs. group O 2 [1-3]; P=0.030). The time to first analgesic request was similar but additional postoperative analgesics were required more often in group O (82% vs. 63%, P=0.034). Group O more frequently reported high worst @entity158 scores (score 4-10 in 87% vs. 64%, P=0.007). @entity111 was more common and more severe in group I (87% vs. 56%, P=0.001). At 24h maternal satisfaction with the analgesic regimen was lower in group O (P=0.010). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity1288 produced comparable @entity282 relief to intrathecal @entity1286 with a lower incidence of @entity111 , but was associated with a lower satisfaction score.

title: A randomised comparison of regular oral @entity1288 and intrathecal XXXX for post-caesarean analgesia.

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary post-caesarean analgesia based on oral opioid has not been adequately studied. This approach may show a good side-effect profile and high satisfaction and avoid neuraxial complications. METHODS: In a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial 120 @entity1 were randomised to receive either sustained-release oral @entity1288 20mg in the recovery room followed by immediate-release @entity1288 10mg 6-hourly for the first 24h (group O) or intrathecal @entity1286 100mug at the time of spinal anaesthesia (group I). All @entity1 received regular postoperative @entity3522 , @entity1443 and standardised supplemental analgesia. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven @entity1 completed the study. The area under the curve for @entity158 scores to 24h did not differ significantly between groups for @entity158 at rest (P=0.465) or on movement (P=0.533). Numerical @entity158 scores were low and similar, except at rest at 12h (group I 1 [0-2] vs. group O 2 [1-3]; P=0.030). The time to first analgesic request was similar but additional postoperative analgesics were required more often in group O (82% vs. 63%, P=0.034). Group O more frequently reported high worst @entity158 scores (score 4-10 in 87% vs. 64%, P=0.007). @entity111 was more common and more severe in group I (87% vs. 56%, P=0.001). At 24h maternal satisfaction with the analgesic regimen was lower in group O (P=0.010). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity1288 produced comparable @entity282 relief to intrathecal @entity1286 with a lower incidence of @entity111 , but was associated with a lower satisfaction score.

title: A randomised comparison of regular oral XXXX and intrathecal @entity1286 for post-caesarean analgesia.

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['oxycodone']


abstract: @entity462 and @entity563 proteases are involved in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . In the past few years we investigated the tissue levels of these proteases in @entity356 ( @entity356 ), gastric precancerous changes (CAG), @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and the plasma and serum levels of proteases in several @entity5 , using ELISA methods. Significantly higher antigen levels were found not only in @entity356 tissue but also in CAG with respect to the levels found normal tissue; with respect to CAG, @entity1 with @entity1141 had higher levels than @entity1 without @entity1141 . The same findings were obtained in @entity14 . In general protease levels correlated with the major histomorphological parameters, such as grading and histotype in @entity356 as well as in @entity14 . Tissue protease levels had a strong prognostic impact in @entity356 , in which @entity2290 was singled out by multivariate analysis as the major prognostic factor, and @entity14 . The plasma levels of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and the serum levels of @entity467 were significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity5 . In conclusions, @entity462 and @entity563 proteases may have a part not only in @entity356 and @entity14 invasion and @entity3 , but also in the progression of gastric precancerous changes into @entity5 . They are strong prognostic factors in @entity356 and @entity14 . These proteases may also have a role as @entity5 markers in the early diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Proteases in gastrointestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['UPA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine', 'Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'gastrointestinal tract tumours', 'cancer', 'gastrointestinal tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic diseases']


abstract: The study was conducted to analyze the histology of the ovaries of adults @entity35 treated with @entity230 , and submitted or not to physical effort. The control group consisted of females submitted to physical effort and sedentary females, both of which received a physiological solution of 0.9% saline. Treated females, sedentary or not, received 6 mg/kg of body weight of @entity11330 . The @entity134 and physiological solution were administered intraperitoneally, with a single injection per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The applied physical effort was swimming (20 minutes daily, 5 days/week, for the 4 weeks of treatment). Serial sections (5 mum) of ovaries were prepared for histological evaluation and follicular score. The weight of ovaries and hypophysis, the number of antral and atretic follicles, and the area of corpus luteum were all affected by the @entity230 . In the ovaries of the control groups, well-developed corpus luteum was observed. In the treated groups, the cortical stroma was occupied by ovarian interstitial tissue. The females treated with @entity230 presented estral acyclicity. The use of @entity11330 , whether associated with physical effort or not, affected the morphological pattern of the ovaries.

title: Ovarian histology and follicular score in female @entity35 treated with XXXX and submitted to physical effort.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity11330 :: ('MESH:C003297', 'Chemical') :: ['nandrolone decanoate']

answer: @entity11330 :: (MESH:C003297,Chemical) :: ['nandrolone decanoate']


abstract: The study was conducted to analyze the histology of the ovaries of adults @entity35 treated with @entity230 , and submitted or not to physical effort. The control group consisted of females submitted to physical effort and sedentary females, both of which received a physiological solution of 0.9% saline. Treated females, sedentary or not, received 6 mg/kg of body weight of @entity11330 . The @entity134 and physiological solution were administered intraperitoneally, with a single injection per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The applied physical effort was swimming (20 minutes daily, 5 days/week, for the 4 weeks of treatment). Serial sections (5 mum) of ovaries were prepared for histological evaluation and follicular score. The weight of ovaries and hypophysis, the number of antral and atretic follicles, and the area of corpus luteum were all affected by the @entity230 . In the ovaries of the control groups, well-developed corpus luteum was observed. In the treated groups, the cortical stroma was occupied by ovarian interstitial tissue. The females treated with @entity230 presented estral acyclicity. The use of @entity11330 , whether associated with physical effort or not, affected the morphological pattern of the ovaries.

title: Ovarian histology and follicular score in female XXXX treated with @entity11330 and submitted to physical effort.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on the associations between muscle performance and work ability measures in working age adults. AIMS: To evaluate how the results of simple muscle performance tests correlate with self-reported work ability and physical functioning in middle-aged @entity1 . METHODS: Muscle performance was measured with handgrip, sit-up, arch-up, squatting and lifting tests. The Physical Functioning scale and the Role Limitations due to Physical Health Problems scale of the RAND-36 health questionnaire were used to assess functioning and the @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) questionnaire to assess perceived work ability in a subgroup of 51 subjects. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 aged 45-55 years employed in physically active work participated. Muscle performance was weakly associated with @entity1442 and functioning measures, accounting for 10% of the variance at most. Dynamic lifting test results for both arms correlated with @entity1442 scores (right: r = 0.31, left: r = 0.34). Scores of the dynamic lifting test for both arms correlated with the Physical Functioning scores (right: r = 0.23, left: r = 0.28) and with the Role Limitations due to Physical Health Problems scores (right: r = 0.25, left: r = 0.28). Results of the squatting test were associated with the Physical Functioning scores (r = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: The study failed to provide support for the use of muscle performance tests in work-related fitness evaluations in middle-aged @entity1 employed in physical jobs.

title: Muscle performance, work ability and physical functioning in middle-aged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Work Ability Index', 'WAI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']