abstract: OBJECTIVES: Discontinuation of low-dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) therapy may increase the risk of @entity63 events. This study evaluated the risk of @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and @entity4905 after low-dose @entity1281 discontinuation in @entity1 with @entity65 or @entity66 . METHODS: The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database was used to identify a cohort of individuals aged 50-84 years with a first prescription for low-dose @entity1281 (75-300 mg/day) for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events in 2000-2007 (n = 39,512). Individuals were followed up for a mean of 3.4 years to identify cases of @entity385 / @entity4905 . Nested case-control analyses were used to assess risk factors for @entity385 / @entity4905 , including low-dose @entity1281 discontinuation. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity385 / @entity4905 was 5.0 per 1,000 @entity1 -years (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6-5.4). @entity385 / @entity4905 was significantly more common in @entity1 with a previous diagnosis of @entity66 (relative risk [RR] 2.79; 95% CI 2.05-3.80) or @entity955 ( @entity4736 .71; 95% CI 1.28-2.29) than in those without these conditions. Compared with current users of low-dose @entity1281 , those who discontinued treatment 31-180 days before the index date had a significantly increased overall risk of @entity385 / @entity4905 ( @entity4736 .40; 95% CI 1.03-1.92). The most common reason for discontinuation was @entity1 nonadherence. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 prescribed low-dose @entity1281 for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, discontinuation of low-dose @entity1281 was associated with a 40% increase in the risk of @entity385 / @entity4905 compared with continuation of therapy. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that discontinuation of low-dose @entity1281 is associated with a 40% increased risk of @entity64 within 31-180 days of discontinuation.

title: Increased risk of XXXX after discontinuation of @entity117 : a UK primary care study.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity808 can occur wherever peripheral nerve Schwann cells are found. However, @entity808 is extremely rare in that only 16 cases have been reported, including that of the present @entity1 . A 51-year-old male complained of @entity615 and @entity809 in the lower left region. @entity615 increased with leftward bending. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a @entity1313 about 6 cm in diameter in the left psoas major muscle, and the lesion was in contact with the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies. The @entity5 did not continue to the lumbar foramen. The symptom had become disabling, therefore @entity5 removal was performed using Wiltse's approach. From intraoperative findings, the origin of the @entity5 was suspected to be the L4 nerve root. The ventral surface of the @entity5 could not be observed with this posterior approach. Lumbar plexus might adhere closely to the ventral surface of the @entity5 , therefore the capsule of the @entity5 was left to avoid @entity16 . @entity808 was diagnosed by pathological analysis, and no malignancy was evident. After the operation, symptoms were completely relieved, and the residual capsule of the @entity5 diminished in size on MRI after 12 months. The posterior Wiltse's approach can be useful to treat mass lesions in the psoas major muscle. The 16 reported cases of @entity808 , including that of the present @entity1 , are reviewed.

title: [ XXXX developing in the psoas major muscle: a case report].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal schwannoma', 'Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lower back pain', 'Lower back pain']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although treatment for recurrent @entity43 is usually not curative and intends to be palliative, a certain significance of @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ) for recurrent @entity5 has been reported; still, there are limitations in this strategy including difficulty in predicting successful complete resection and selecting good candidates. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential survival benefit of @entity3528 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: Among all @entity1 who underwent primary therapy for @entity43 between 1994 and 2006 at our institute, medical records of @entity1 who were submitted to @entity3528 for @entity4557 following complete remission after primary therapy were retrospectively investigated. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for quantifying the relations between survival and covariates. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Complete resection of all visible @entity5 at @entity3528 was achieved in 24 of @entity1 (75%). Median postrecurrence survival was 60 months. On univariate analysis, solitary @entity4557 , disease-free interval, @entity10224 value at @entity4557 , and complete resection were significant prognostic factors on postrecurrence survival; whereas on multivariate analysis, @entity10224 value at @entity4557 and complete resection were independent prognostic factors. In addition, a comparison according to the initial method that detected @entity4557 revealed that @entity1 whose @entity4557 was detected with @entity10224 elevations had significantly worse postrecurrence survival than those detected with routine examinations including image scans (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the impact of @entity3528 on the significant survival benefit was identified for @entity1 with low @entity10224 value at @entity4557 as well as with complete resection. Although further analyses are needed, @entity1 whose @entity4557 was diagnosed by routine examinations without @entity10224 elevation might be better candidates for @entity3528 .

title: Potential survival benefit of XXXX for recurrent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['recurrence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['SCS', 'secondary cytoreductive surgery']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary cytoreductive surgery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although treatment for recurrent @entity43 is usually not curative and intends to be palliative, a certain significance of @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ) for recurrent @entity5 has been reported; still, there are limitations in this strategy including difficulty in predicting successful complete resection and selecting good candidates. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential survival benefit of @entity3528 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: Among all @entity1 who underwent primary therapy for @entity43 between 1994 and 2006 at our institute, medical records of @entity1 who were submitted to @entity3528 for @entity4557 following complete remission after primary therapy were retrospectively investigated. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for quantifying the relations between survival and covariates. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Complete resection of all visible @entity5 at @entity3528 was achieved in 24 of @entity1 (75%). Median postrecurrence survival was 60 months. On univariate analysis, solitary @entity4557 , disease-free interval, @entity10224 value at @entity4557 , and complete resection were significant prognostic factors on postrecurrence survival; whereas on multivariate analysis, @entity10224 value at @entity4557 and complete resection were independent prognostic factors. In addition, a comparison according to the initial method that detected @entity4557 revealed that @entity1 whose @entity4557 was detected with @entity10224 elevations had significantly worse postrecurrence survival than those detected with routine examinations including image scans (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the impact of @entity3528 on the significant survival benefit was identified for @entity1 with low @entity10224 value at @entity4557 as well as with complete resection. Although further analyses are needed, @entity1 whose @entity4557 was diagnosed by routine examinations without @entity10224 elevation might be better candidates for @entity3528 .

title: Potential survival benefit of @entity3528 for recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers']


abstract: Eight pregnant @entity1237 were inoculated orally with 10 to 1,000 oocysts of @entity3204 at 83 to 102 days of gestation. Serum samples from the @entity1237 and from the kids born to them were analyzed, using the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), a commercially available modified agglutination test (MAT), and a latex agglutination test. Six of the does were observed for greater than 1 year; during this time, they delivered twice. All does developed DT and MAT antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:2,048 within 29 days after inoculation, and the high titers persisted through the 2nd pregnancy; therefore, serologic results alone should not be relied on for the diagnosis of @entity3204 -induced abortion in does. On the other hand, all transplacentally infected kids had DT or MAT antibody titers of 1:2,048 before ingesting colostrum, indicating the usefulness of serologic evaluation of the fetus or stillborn kid in the diagnosis of abortion. Antibody was not found in the sera of noninfected kids born to @entity3204 -infected does. The passively acquired colostral antibody declined by 5 months. Therefore, specific antibody found in adult @entity1237 is probably actively acquired. The commercially available MAT was simple, sensitive, and reliable for the diagnosis of caprine @entity3252 . The latex agglutination test needs further improvement, as titers rarely exceeded 1:256.

title: Serologic diagnosis of @entity3252 in experimentally infected pregnant XXXX and transplacentally infected kids.

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasma gondii', 'T gondii']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: Eight pregnant @entity1237 were inoculated orally with 10 to 1,000 oocysts of @entity3204 at 83 to 102 days of gestation. Serum samples from the @entity1237 and from the kids born to them were analyzed, using the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), a commercially available modified agglutination test (MAT), and a latex agglutination test. Six of the does were observed for greater than 1 year; during this time, they delivered twice. All does developed DT and MAT antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:2,048 within 29 days after inoculation, and the high titers persisted through the 2nd pregnancy; therefore, serologic results alone should not be relied on for the diagnosis of @entity3204 -induced abortion in does. On the other hand, all transplacentally infected kids had DT or MAT antibody titers of 1:2,048 before ingesting colostrum, indicating the usefulness of serologic evaluation of the fetus or stillborn kid in the diagnosis of abortion. Antibody was not found in the sera of noninfected kids born to @entity3204 -infected does. The passively acquired colostral antibody declined by 5 months. Therefore, specific antibody found in adult @entity1237 is probably actively acquired. The commercially available MAT was simple, sensitive, and reliable for the diagnosis of caprine @entity3252 . The latex agglutination test needs further improvement, as titers rarely exceeded 1:256.

title: Serologic diagnosis of XXXX in experimentally infected pregnant @entity1237 and transplacentally infected kids.

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the clinical and haemodynamic tolerance of intravenous @entity3988 in a bolus dose of 10 mg followed by an infusion of 360 mg over 24 hours in 12 @entity1 in the acute phase of @entity583 . We did not observe any significant modification in the heart rate or in the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. The mean blood pressure decreased from 111.5 +/- 11.8 mmHg to 92.8 +/- 12.7 mmHg (p less than 0.001) after a 24 infusion. The cardiac index increased from 2.34 +/- 0.62 1 X @entity1009 X m-2 to 3.05 +/- 0.95 1 X min-1 X m-2 (p less than 0.05) and the systemic vascular resistance decreased from 2 150 +/- 640 dyn. s.cm-5 to 1 403 +/- 308 dyn.s.cm-5 (p +/- 0.005). Three @entity1 presented a rise in the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure of more than 30 mmHg and in one of these @entity1 , the @entity3988 had to be stopped. These three @entity1 all had a high initial pulmonary capillary pressure (greater than 18 mmHg). The drug was well tolerated clinically. On electrocardiography, four @entity1 presented @entity9054 , all of which regressed when the @entity3988 was stopped (a 3rd degree @entity713 with narrow QRS complexes, a Luciani-Wenckebach type of 2nd degree @entity713 and two cases of 1st degree @entity713 . Overall, intravenous @entity3988 was well tolerated in terms of clinical and haemodynamic parameters in these @entity1 in the acute phase of a @entity583 , provided the left ventricular filling pressure was not excessively elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical and hemodynamic tolerance of intravenous XXXX in the acute phase of @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduction disorders']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the clinical and haemodynamic tolerance of intravenous @entity3988 in a bolus dose of 10 mg followed by an infusion of 360 mg over 24 hours in 12 @entity1 in the acute phase of @entity583 . We did not observe any significant modification in the heart rate or in the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. The mean blood pressure decreased from 111.5 +/- 11.8 mmHg to 92.8 +/- 12.7 mmHg (p less than 0.001) after a 24 infusion. The cardiac index increased from 2.34 +/- 0.62 1 X @entity1009 X m-2 to 3.05 +/- 0.95 1 X min-1 X m-2 (p less than 0.05) and the systemic vascular resistance decreased from 2 150 +/- 640 dyn. s.cm-5 to 1 403 +/- 308 dyn.s.cm-5 (p +/- 0.005). Three @entity1 presented a rise in the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure of more than 30 mmHg and in one of these @entity1 , the @entity3988 had to be stopped. These three @entity1 all had a high initial pulmonary capillary pressure (greater than 18 mmHg). The drug was well tolerated clinically. On electrocardiography, four @entity1 presented @entity9054 , all of which regressed when the @entity3988 was stopped (a 3rd degree @entity713 with narrow QRS complexes, a Luciani-Wenckebach type of 2nd degree @entity713 and two cases of 1st degree @entity713 . Overall, intravenous @entity3988 was well tolerated in terms of clinical and haemodynamic parameters in these @entity1 in the acute phase of a @entity583 , provided the left ventricular filling pressure was not excessively elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical and hemodynamic tolerance of intravenous @entity3988 in the acute phase of XXXX ].

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) does occur in India but it is rare. No epidemiological studies have been done. The calculations based on the hospital data suggest an approximate prevalence rate of 0.17 to 1.33 per 100,000 of population in different parts of India. One hundred and five @entity1 with clinically definite @entity15 (2 proven at autopsy) and 14 @entity1 with @entity1652 were seen in the Bombay region from 1957 to 1983. The mean age of onset for @entity15 @entity1 was 27.7 years. There were 60 female and 45 male @entity1 . The clinical data in this larger series confirm the conclusions reached earlier, namely that the Indian @entity15 @entity1 are more akin to those reported from Japan and other Asian countries as compared to the West. The relative incidence of @entity1652 was high (6%). The optico-spinal form of @entity15 was the commonest (71.4%). In @entity1 with clinically definite @entity15 there was a high incidence of optic nerve involvement, both at the onset and during the course of the disease; sensory level occurred in a large number of @entity1 and cerebellar involvement was less frequent. @entity15 in this series affected @entity1 of all communities and different dietary habits. @entity15 was more common in the higher socioeconomic group whereas @entity1652 was mainly seen in @entity1 in the low socioeconomic group.

title: XXXX --Indian experience.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Between August 1979 and December 1983 one hundred episodes of @entity221 in 70 @entity1 with @entity5 , most of whom had @entity3028 , were treated empirically with a combination of @entity3400 (4.0g, every 6 hours) and @entity4509 (200mg, every 6 hours) at Saitama @entity5 Center. Profound @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 of granulocytes) was present at the beginning of treatment in 40% of episodes. Oral absorbable or nonabsorbable antibiotics were used in 57 febrile episodes. WBC transfusion was not given. The response rate for all documented @entity281 was 58.1%, including 8 of 9 (88.8%) episodes of @entity2259 . The majority of @entity281 with identified organisms were caused by aerobic gram-negative pathogens including @entity796 (8 cases), @entity4005 spp. (3 cases), @entity526 (4 cases), @entity5609 (2 cases) and serratia spp. (3 cases). The response rate of gram-negative @entity281 was 55% Pneumonia with a response rate of 21.1% responded less satisfactorily than all other types of @entity281 . The response rate for profound persistent @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 granulocytes without a rise during therapy) was 45.5%. The most common adverse effect was hepatotoxicity (16 episodes). Nephrotoxicity occurred in 4 @entity1 and @entity1910 in 2 @entity1 .

title: [Empiric therapy with XXXX plus @entity4509 for febrile @entity1 with @entity5 --with emphasis on @entity3028 ].

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bacillary infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['piperacillin']


abstract: Between August 1979 and December 1983 one hundred episodes of @entity221 in 70 @entity1 with @entity5 , most of whom had @entity3028 , were treated empirically with a combination of @entity3400 (4.0g, every 6 hours) and @entity4509 (200mg, every 6 hours) at Saitama @entity5 Center. Profound @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 of granulocytes) was present at the beginning of treatment in 40% of episodes. Oral absorbable or nonabsorbable antibiotics were used in 57 febrile episodes. WBC transfusion was not given. The response rate for all documented @entity281 was 58.1%, including 8 of 9 (88.8%) episodes of @entity2259 . The majority of @entity281 with identified organisms were caused by aerobic gram-negative pathogens including @entity796 (8 cases), @entity4005 spp. (3 cases), @entity526 (4 cases), @entity5609 (2 cases) and serratia spp. (3 cases). The response rate of gram-negative @entity281 was 55% Pneumonia with a response rate of 21.1% responded less satisfactorily than all other types of @entity281 . The response rate for profound persistent @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 granulocytes without a rise during therapy) was 45.5%. The most common adverse effect was hepatotoxicity (16 episodes). Nephrotoxicity occurred in 4 @entity1 and @entity1910 in 2 @entity1 .

title: [Empiric therapy with @entity3400 plus XXXX for febrile @entity1 with @entity5 --with emphasis on @entity3028 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: Between August 1979 and December 1983 one hundred episodes of @entity221 in 70 @entity1 with @entity5 , most of whom had @entity3028 , were treated empirically with a combination of @entity3400 (4.0g, every 6 hours) and @entity4509 (200mg, every 6 hours) at Saitama @entity5 Center. Profound @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 of granulocytes) was present at the beginning of treatment in 40% of episodes. Oral absorbable or nonabsorbable antibiotics were used in 57 febrile episodes. WBC transfusion was not given. The response rate for all documented @entity281 was 58.1%, including 8 of 9 (88.8%) episodes of @entity2259 . The majority of @entity281 with identified organisms were caused by aerobic gram-negative pathogens including @entity796 (8 cases), @entity4005 spp. (3 cases), @entity526 (4 cases), @entity5609 (2 cases) and serratia spp. (3 cases). The response rate of gram-negative @entity281 was 55% Pneumonia with a response rate of 21.1% responded less satisfactorily than all other types of @entity281 . The response rate for profound persistent @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 granulocytes without a rise during therapy) was 45.5%. The most common adverse effect was hepatotoxicity (16 episodes). Nephrotoxicity occurred in 4 @entity1 and @entity1910 in 2 @entity1 .

title: [Empiric therapy with @entity3400 plus @entity4509 for febrile @entity1 with @entity5 --with emphasis on XXXX ].

answer: @entity3028 :: (MESH:D000380,Disease) :: ['granulocytopenia']


abstract: Between August 1979 and December 1983 one hundred episodes of @entity221 in 70 @entity1 with @entity5 , most of whom had @entity3028 , were treated empirically with a combination of @entity3400 (4.0g, every 6 hours) and @entity4509 (200mg, every 6 hours) at Saitama @entity5 Center. Profound @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 of granulocytes) was present at the beginning of treatment in 40% of episodes. Oral absorbable or nonabsorbable antibiotics were used in 57 febrile episodes. WBC transfusion was not given. The response rate for all documented @entity281 was 58.1%, including 8 of 9 (88.8%) episodes of @entity2259 . The majority of @entity281 with identified organisms were caused by aerobic gram-negative pathogens including @entity796 (8 cases), @entity4005 spp. (3 cases), @entity526 (4 cases), @entity5609 (2 cases) and serratia spp. (3 cases). The response rate of gram-negative @entity281 was 55% Pneumonia with a response rate of 21.1% responded less satisfactorily than all other types of @entity281 . The response rate for profound persistent @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 granulocytes without a rise during therapy) was 45.5%. The most common adverse effect was hepatotoxicity (16 episodes). Nephrotoxicity occurred in 4 @entity1 and @entity1910 in 2 @entity1 .

title: [Empiric therapy with @entity3400 plus @entity4509 for febrile @entity1 with XXXX --with emphasis on @entity3028 ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Between August 1979 and December 1983 one hundred episodes of @entity221 in 70 @entity1 with @entity5 , most of whom had @entity3028 , were treated empirically with a combination of @entity3400 (4.0g, every 6 hours) and @entity4509 (200mg, every 6 hours) at Saitama @entity5 Center. Profound @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 of granulocytes) was present at the beginning of treatment in 40% of episodes. Oral absorbable or nonabsorbable antibiotics were used in 57 febrile episodes. WBC transfusion was not given. The response rate for all documented @entity281 was 58.1%, including 8 of 9 (88.8%) episodes of @entity2259 . The majority of @entity281 with identified organisms were caused by aerobic gram-negative pathogens including @entity796 (8 cases), @entity4005 spp. (3 cases), @entity526 (4 cases), @entity5609 (2 cases) and serratia spp. (3 cases). The response rate of gram-negative @entity281 was 55% Pneumonia with a response rate of 21.1% responded less satisfactorily than all other types of @entity281 . The response rate for profound persistent @entity3028 (less than 100/mm3 granulocytes without a rise during therapy) was 45.5%. The most common adverse effect was hepatotoxicity (16 episodes). Nephrotoxicity occurred in 4 @entity1 and @entity1910 in 2 @entity1 .

title: [Empiric therapy with @entity3400 plus @entity4509 for febrile XXXX with @entity5 --with emphasis on @entity3028 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although survival from primary @entity0 has improved with earlier diagnosis and treatment, the management of the opposite breast is still in question. The risk factors for bilaterality are known, and preoperative mammography is occasionally helpful, but identification of early second @entity0 is very limited. Contralateral biopsy may provide a reasonable answer to the problem. During a 5-year period, 62 elective contralateral biopsies were performed in @entity1 having mastectomies for primary @entity0 . This consisted of either a mirror image biopsy or, more commonly, a biopsy of the upper outer quadrant. Thirteen @entity1 had simultaneous @entity5 , of whom two had clinically overt bilateral cancers and 11 (18%) had clinically occult malignancy. Seven of these 11 had both radiologically and clinically normal breasts. Thus, 11.3% had radiologically and clinically occult @entity5 demonstrated by biopsy. Surgical management consisted of total mastectomy with low axillary dissection for noninvasive @entity5 and modified radical mastectomy for invasive @entity5 . Pathologic findings of the dominant @entity0 and the @entity75 were: bilateral, noninvasive: three @entity1 ; invasive, noninvasive: (seven @entity1 ), and invasive, invasive: three @entity1 . Although follow-up is short (median of 40 months), 82% of the @entity1 who had clinically occult second-breast cancer remain free of disease. During a previous 8-year period, 37 of 500 primary @entity0 @entity1 (7.4%) developed metachronous (33) or synchronous (4) second-breast primary cancers primarily diagnosed clinically or radiologically. Of these, 35 were invasive and two noninvasive @entity5 ; 41% had nodal metastases. A selected "favorable group," 28 of these @entity1 who were free of disease 3 years after their first @entity5 , was analyzed. The analysis showed that only 10 (36%) were surviving free of disease at 7 years; 25% were free of disease at 10 years. Although the incidence of clinically-recognized, second-primary @entity0 is relatively low, development of a second @entity3 severely impairs @entity1 survival. Contralateral biopsy would appear useful to identify @entity1 with early invasive or preinvasive @entity5 in the second breast, which appears normal after clinical observation or mammography. It provides opportunity to reduce the risk of @entity3 in that breast, as well as to provide important diagnostic and prognostic information.

title: XXXX . Risk reduction by contralateral biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'contralateral cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Bilateral breast cancer']


abstract: A prospective randomized controlled trial of 202 @entity1 was set up to examine the efficiency and safety of 40 mg of intravaginal @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) in a tylose gel to stimulate labour after artificial or spontaneous membrane rupture. The control group received a standard intravenous @entity398 regimen. The PGF2 alpha treated group had a significantly shorter length of labour (6.2 +/- 3.6 hours) compared to the @entity398 group (7.5 +/- 4.3 hours) (p less than 0.05). The analgesic requirements were significantly reduced in the PGF2 alpha treated @entity1 . In PGF2 alpha treated @entity1 46 of 105 required no @entity1337 whereas 17 of 97 @entity398 treated @entity1 required no @entity1337 (p less than 0.001). There were similar reductions for epidural (p less than 0.005) and @entity6882 requirements (p less than 0.005). No differences were found between groups with regards mode of delivery. There were no adverse maternal side-effects associated with PGF2 alpha usage. A significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in the incidence of @entity4837 requiring phototherapy occurred in the PGF2 alpha group. @entity3774 appears to be a safe, efficient and better alternative to intravenous @entity398 to stimulate labour in the presence of ruptured membranes, allowing ambulation, a reduction in length of labour and less need for @entity1337 and intravenous therapy.

title: A comparison of intravaginal PGF2 alpha and intravenous XXXX to stimulate labour after membrane rupture.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin F2 alpha', 'prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A comprehensive understanding of the immune response induced by @entity2497 Bacille Calmette-Gu  rin in activation of protective T cells against @entity378 is important to develop effective therapies to combat this disease. In this study, our experiments were designed to determine effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on @entity2499 -induced T-cell activation and survival. METHODS: Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was used for detection of apo-ptotic cells by three different methods: 1). scattered light change during early phase of apoptosis; 2). detection of hypodiploid DNA, or 3). terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique. Quantification of positively stained population was based on samples stained with isotype control antibodies analyzed on a FACScan. RESULTS: @entity2533 added at initiation of culture did not alter percentage of viable cells. By contrast, @entity2533 added 72 h post-activation decreased percentage of viable cells. This effect was statistically significant (p <0.05). Furthermore, addition of anti- @entity2533 MoAb together with @entity2533 abolished the ability of this cytokine to decrease survival in post-activated @entity1 T cells. Role of @entity2533 on post-activated @entity1 T cells was further confirmed by staining apoptotic nuclei with @entity2667 , which detects late events of apoptosis, and by DNA fragmentation determined using TUNEL assay. Interestingly, @entity2533 did not promote Fas-mediated killing. Finally, @entity2533 increased apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells after mycobacterial stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated an important role for @entity2533 in suppression of protective immune response against @entity2499 by promoting elimination of post-activated T cells. Furthermore, results showed that @entity2533 had no direct effect on @entity2499 -induced up-regulation of Fas (CD95).

title: Transforming growth factor-beta decreases survival of XXXX -activated T cells.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: Spermatogonia represent a new route to transgenesis in @entity19 and potentially in some commercially important domesticated animals. In addition, these cells are also a potential target for viral integration in @entity1 receiving somatic cell gene therapy. But the factors influencing retroviral transduction into spermatogonia are not well understood. Because retroviral transduction is affected in part by the proliferative status of the host cell, we developed an improved cell culture system in which spermatogonia survive and proliferate for several days. We used this system to test the ability of a variety of @entity19 and avian retroviruses to infect spermatogonia. We investigated the factors influencing retroviral transduction of spermatogonia, including the proliferative status of the infected cell, the type of viral envelope, the type of retroviral long terminal repeat, and the method of viral delivery. Here we show that many of the widely used retroviral vector systems can be used to successfully transduce spermatogonia at high efficiency. Moreover, we show that retroviral delivery of @entity1231 , the major downregulator of @entity899 , promotes spermatogonial survival in culture, suggesting that @entity899 plays a role in regulating spermatogonial apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation. These results further demonstrate the usefulness of this novel system of targeting substances of interest to the testis. These data have important implications for improving animal transgenesis and for understanding the risks associated with somatic cell gene therapy.

title: Determinants of retroviral-mediated gene delivery to XXXX spermatogonia.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of intestinal disposition in the first-pass metabolism of @entity3088 . A four-site perfused @entity35 intestinal model, @entity35 liver and intestinal microsomes, Caco-2 cell microsomes, and the Caco-2 cell culture model were used. In the four-site model, approximately 28% of perfused aglycones are absorbed (approximately 450 nmol/30 min). Both absorption and subsequent excretion of metabolites were rapid and site-dependent (p < 0.05). Maximal amounts of intestinal conjugates excreted per 30 min were 61 and 150 nmol for @entity670 and @entity15476 , respectively. Maximal amounts of biliary conjugates excreted per 30 min were 50 and 30 nmol for @entity670 and @entity15476 , respectively. Microsomes, prepared from Caco-2 cells, @entity35 intestine, and @entity35 liver, always glucuronidated @entity15476 faster than @entity670 (p < 0.05). In addition, @entity35 jejunal microsomes glucuronidated both @entity3088 faster (p < 0.05) than @entity35 intestinal microsomes prepared from other regions. When comparing glucuronidation in different organs, jejunal microsomes often but not always glucuronidated both @entity3088 faster than liver microsomes. In the Caco-2 model, both @entity3088 were rapidly absorbed and rapidly conjugated, and the conjugates were excreted apically and basolaterally. Similar to the four-site perfusion model, @entity15476 conjugates were excreted much faster than @entity670 conjugates (>2.5 times for @entity8686 , >4.5 times for @entity597 ; p < 0.05). In conclusion, intestinal disposition may be more important than hepatic disposition in the first-pass metabolism of @entity3088 such as @entity15476 . In conjunction with enterohepatic recycling, enteric recycling may be used to explain why @entity3088 have poor systemic bioavailabilities.

title: Metabolism of XXXX via enteric recycling: role of intestinal disposition.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity8686 :: ('MESH:D020723', 'Chemical') :: ['glucuronic acid']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: The technique of 31P saturation-transfer n.m.r. was used to determine the forward and the reverse rate constants of @entity908 phosphotransferase in superfused @entity840 cerebral tissues in vitro. The calculated forward rate constant of 0.22 +/- 0.03s-1 compared well with a previously reported value for @entity35 brain in vivo [Shoubridge, Briggs _ Radda (1982) FEBS Lett. 140, 288-292]. The reverse rate constant was found to be 0.55 +/- 0.10s-1. 3. By using concentrations of @entity855 and @entity1734 estimated previously for this superfused preparation [Cox, Morris, Feeney _ Bachelard (1983) Biochem. J. 212, 365-370], forward and reverse flux rates were calculated to be 0.68 and 0.72 mumol X s-1 X g-1 respectively. The concordance of forward and reverse fluxes contrasts with the situation observed in vitro in other tissues, and suggests that the @entity908 phosphotransferase reaction is at equilibrium under the conditions used here. 4. Lowering the concentration of @entity413 in the superfusing medium from 10mM to 0.5mM had no significant effect on @entity1734 concentration or on the forward ( @entity855 -generating) flux through @entity908 phosphotransferase. The results indicate that a normal @entity1734 content in the presence of lowered @entity413 availability is reflected by an unchanged turnover rate.

title: 31P-saturation-transfer nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements of XXXX turnover in @entity840 brain slices.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1734 :: (CHEBI:17287,Chemical) :: ['phosphocreatine']


abstract: The technique of 31P saturation-transfer n.m.r. was used to determine the forward and the reverse rate constants of @entity908 phosphotransferase in superfused @entity840 cerebral tissues in vitro. The calculated forward rate constant of 0.22 +/- 0.03s-1 compared well with a previously reported value for @entity35 brain in vivo [Shoubridge, Briggs _ Radda (1982) FEBS Lett. 140, 288-292]. The reverse rate constant was found to be 0.55 +/- 0.10s-1. 3. By using concentrations of @entity855 and @entity1734 estimated previously for this superfused preparation [Cox, Morris, Feeney _ Bachelard (1983) Biochem. J. 212, 365-370], forward and reverse flux rates were calculated to be 0.68 and 0.72 mumol X s-1 X g-1 respectively. The concordance of forward and reverse fluxes contrasts with the situation observed in vitro in other tissues, and suggests that the @entity908 phosphotransferase reaction is at equilibrium under the conditions used here. 4. Lowering the concentration of @entity413 in the superfusing medium from 10mM to 0.5mM had no significant effect on @entity1734 concentration or on the forward ( @entity855 -generating) flux through @entity908 phosphotransferase. The results indicate that a normal @entity1734 content in the presence of lowered @entity413 availability is reflected by an unchanged turnover rate.

title: 31P-saturation-transfer nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements of @entity1734 turnover in XXXX brain slices.

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out how genetic and biochemical limitations influence psycho-social performance and to partially test the validity of justification theory. The ability to convert @entity815 to @entity669 was compared with intellectual and personality characteristics in @entity814 family members. Each of the tested @entity1 was given an oral dose of @entity815 , the Shipley-Hartford Intelligence Test, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Only those @entity1 with reading ability at the sixth grade level or higher were tested. Eighty-six @entity1 were tested: fifteen @entity72444 , forty-three siblings, and twenty-eight parents. A comparison was made among parents, @entity72444 , and the siblings. Siblings with the higher 2/3's of P2/T ratios were contrasted with those with the lowest 1/3 of ratios on measures of intelligence and psychopathology. Statistical analyses of the data reflected a trend in support of the justification theory. @entity72444 had significantly lower intelligence than their sibs and parents. The @entity72444 ' mean IQ was 95 (homozygotes born of heterozygotes), followed by the upper 2/3's sibling mean IQ of 105 (heterozygotes born of nonheterozygote mothers). The lower 1/3 siblings' mean IQ was 107 (nonheterozygotes born from heterozygote mothers), and finally, the parents' mean IQ was 109 (heterozygotes, among them 50% were born from nonheterozygote mothers). The latter three mean IQs are not significantly different from each other. The personality tests revealed a trend toward more abnormality in @entity72444 than in their heterozygote siblings. The lowest rate of abnormality occurred in the nonheterozygote sibling group; that rate was significantly lower than in all other groups. The parents had the highest absolute rate of @entity1314 , but statistically so compared to the low-ratio siblings.

title: Relationship between XXXX tolerance and psychological characteristics of @entity814 families.

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality abnormality']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity815 :: (CHEBI:28044,Chemical) :: ['phenylalanine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out how genetic and biochemical limitations influence psycho-social performance and to partially test the validity of justification theory. The ability to convert @entity815 to @entity669 was compared with intellectual and personality characteristics in @entity814 family members. Each of the tested @entity1 was given an oral dose of @entity815 , the Shipley-Hartford Intelligence Test, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Only those @entity1 with reading ability at the sixth grade level or higher were tested. Eighty-six @entity1 were tested: fifteen @entity72444 , forty-three siblings, and twenty-eight parents. A comparison was made among parents, @entity72444 , and the siblings. Siblings with the higher 2/3's of P2/T ratios were contrasted with those with the lowest 1/3 of ratios on measures of intelligence and psychopathology. Statistical analyses of the data reflected a trend in support of the justification theory. @entity72444 had significantly lower intelligence than their sibs and parents. The @entity72444 ' mean IQ was 95 (homozygotes born of heterozygotes), followed by the upper 2/3's sibling mean IQ of 105 (heterozygotes born of nonheterozygote mothers). The lower 1/3 siblings' mean IQ was 107 (nonheterozygotes born from heterozygote mothers), and finally, the parents' mean IQ was 109 (heterozygotes, among them 50% were born from nonheterozygote mothers). The latter three mean IQs are not significantly different from each other. The personality tests revealed a trend toward more abnormality in @entity72444 than in their heterozygote siblings. The lowest rate of abnormality occurred in the nonheterozygote sibling group; that rate was significantly lower than in all other groups. The parents had the highest absolute rate of @entity1314 , but statistically so compared to the low-ratio siblings.

title: Relationship between @entity815 tolerance and psychological characteristics of XXXX families.

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['phenylketonuric']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity850 and @entity432 following upper extremity placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and venous ports. One hundred fifty-four @entity1 who underwent venography of the ipsilateral central veins prior to initial and subsequent venous access device insertion were retrospectively identified. All follow-up venograms were interpreted at the time of catheter placement by one interventional radiologist over a 5-year period and compared to the findings on initial venography. For @entity1 with @entity149 , hospital and home infusion service records and radiology reports were reviewed to determine catheter dwell time and potential alternative etiologies of @entity850 or @entity432 . The effect of catheter caliber and dwell time on development of @entity149 was evaluated. Venography performed prior to initial catheter placement showed that 150 @entity1 had normal central veins. Three @entity1 had @entity850 , and one had central @entity2994 . Subsequent venograms (n = 154) at the time of additional venous access device placement demonstrated 8 @entity1 with occlusions and 10 with stenoses. Three of the 18 @entity1 with abnormal follow-up venograms were found to have potential alternative causes of @entity149 . Excluding these 3 @entity1 and the 4 @entity1 with abnormal initial venograms, a 7% incidence of @entity850 or @entity432 was found in @entity1 with prior indwelling catheters and normal initial venograms. Catheter caliber showed no effect on the subsequent development of @entity149 . @entity1 who developed new or worsened @entity850 or @entity432 had significantly (p = 0.03) longer catheter dwell times than @entity1 without @entity149 . New @entity850 or @entity432 occurred in 7% of @entity1 following upper arm placement of venous access devices. @entity1 with longer catheter dwell time were more likely to develop @entity149 . In order to preserve vascular access for dialysis fistulae and grafts and adhere to Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines, alternative venous access sites should be considered for @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity454 .

title: Incidence of XXXX and @entity432 following upper extremity PICC and port placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central vein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['central vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['central vein stenosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity850 and @entity432 following upper extremity placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and venous ports. One hundred fifty-four @entity1 who underwent venography of the ipsilateral central veins prior to initial and subsequent venous access device insertion were retrospectively identified. All follow-up venograms were interpreted at the time of catheter placement by one interventional radiologist over a 5-year period and compared to the findings on initial venography. For @entity1 with @entity149 , hospital and home infusion service records and radiology reports were reviewed to determine catheter dwell time and potential alternative etiologies of @entity850 or @entity432 . The effect of catheter caliber and dwell time on development of @entity149 was evaluated. Venography performed prior to initial catheter placement showed that 150 @entity1 had normal central veins. Three @entity1 had @entity850 , and one had central @entity2994 . Subsequent venograms (n = 154) at the time of additional venous access device placement demonstrated 8 @entity1 with occlusions and 10 with stenoses. Three of the 18 @entity1 with abnormal follow-up venograms were found to have potential alternative causes of @entity149 . Excluding these 3 @entity1 and the 4 @entity1 with abnormal initial venograms, a 7% incidence of @entity850 or @entity432 was found in @entity1 with prior indwelling catheters and normal initial venograms. Catheter caliber showed no effect on the subsequent development of @entity149 . @entity1 who developed new or worsened @entity850 or @entity432 had significantly (p = 0.03) longer catheter dwell times than @entity1 without @entity149 . New @entity850 or @entity432 occurred in 7% of @entity1 following upper arm placement of venous access devices. @entity1 with longer catheter dwell time were more likely to develop @entity149 . In order to preserve vascular access for dialysis fistulae and grafts and adhere to Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines, alternative venous access sites should be considered for @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity454 .

title: Incidence of @entity850 and XXXX following upper extremity PICC and port placement.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion']


abstract: The immunosuppressant @entity2239 used in organ transplantation is formulated as a conventional tablet for adults and a dispersible tablet that can be administered in water for pediatric use. As part of the pediatric clinical development program, the relative bioavailability and food effect for the dispersible tablet were evaluated in healthy adult subjects as a prelude to characterizing the steady-state pharmacokinetics in pediatric kidney allograft recipients. In a randomized, open-label, three-way crossover study, 24 healthy adults received single 1.5-mg oral doses of @entity2239 as (1) six 0.25-mg dispersible tablets in water, (2) two 0.75-mg conventional tablets, and (3) six 0.25-mg dispersible tablets in water after a high-fat breakfast. Cmax and AUC were evaluated by standard bioequivalence testing to determine relative bioavailability and to quantify the effect of food. In a multicenter open-label efficacy/safety trial, pediatric renal allograft recipients received 0.8 mg/m2 (maximum 1.5 mg) bid @entity2239 as dispersible tablets in water. Serial trough concentrations over the first week and a steady-state pharmacokinetic profile on day 7 posttransplant were collected in 19 @entity1 ranging from ages 2 to 16 years old. The bioavailability of @entity2239 from the dispersible tablet was 10% lower relative to the conventional tablet, with a ratio (90% confidence interval) of 0.90 (0.76-1.07). After a high-fat meal, tmax was delayed by a median 2.5 hours, and Cmax was reduced by 50%. Overall absorption, however, was not affected by food inasmuch as the fed/fasting AUC ratio was 0.99 (0.83-1.17). In pediatric @entity1 , steady state was reached between days 3 and 5. The corresponding steady-state parameters were as follows: Cmin, 4.4 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; Cmax, 13.6 +/- 4.2 ng/ml; and AUC, 87 +/- 27 ng.h/ml. Steady-state concentration-time profiles in pediatric transplant @entity1 receiving the dispersible tablet were comparable to those of adult @entity1 receiving the conventional tablet when both were dosed to yield similar trough concentrations. If a pediatric @entity1 is converted from the @entity2239 dispersible tablet to the conventional tablet, this should be based on a 1:1 milligram switch with subsequent therapeutic drug monitoring to further individualize the dose as needed. The dispersible tablet formulation should be taken consistently either with or without food to minimize fluctuations in exposure over time.

title: Clinical development of an XXXX pediatric formulation: relative bioavailability, food effect, and steady-state pharmacokinetics.

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine epidemiology and mortality statistics for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in Hong Kong. Data from three sources were obtained and analyzed: (1) Hong Kong Hospital Authority discharge statistics for 1999 and 2000; (2) a survey on @entity449 in public hospitals conducted by the Working Group of Vascular Surgery; and (3) the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Center aortic @entity439 database. The disease pattern, distribution, and operative mortality were determined. The annual incidence of @entity11557 in Hong Kong is 13.7 per 100,000 population and 105 per 100,000 for those aged 65 and above. About 10% of the @entity1028 that presented were ruptured. The mean age of the @entity11557 @entity1 was 74 years, with 84% of them over age 65. The operative repair rate for @entity1028 was low, being only 8% for intact @entity439 and 54% for ruptured ones. Overall, 45% of all @entity439 repairs were performed for a @entity397 . There is diverse practice between major vascular centers and smaller regional hospitals. The territory-wide operative mortality rates for intact and @entity1756 were 10% (range 4-24%) and 70% (range 38--100%), respectively. There was no gender bias in the @entity397 and operative rates. The overall mortality was 17% for intact @entity1028 and 78% for ruptured @entity1028 . The average length of hospital stay was 19 days for elective @entity11557 surgery and 13 days for ruptured @entity1028 . The number of operations in high-volume centers is increasing with a concomitant decrease in operative mortality. There are no definitive data to indicate that the incidence of @entity1028 is rising, but a trend toward an increasing number of operations in referral centers is noted. The low repair rates for intact @entity1028 and the high proportion of repairs for @entity1756 suggest that @entity1028 are undertreated in Hong Kong.

title: Epidemiology and outcome of XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that @entity1420 (P4) acts to induce a preovulatory rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) by initiating a true positive feedback interaction between P4 and LH. In each experiment, ten hens were stereotaxically implanted with a third ventricle cannula. @entity35535 ( @entity14214 ), an inhibitor of steroidogenesis, was administered (200 mg iv) to hens at 10 and 6 hr (Experiment 1) and 10 and 7 hr (Experiment 2) before an expected C1 ovulation. A 20-micrograms injection of P4 (n = 5) or the vehicle (n = 5) was made intraventricularly at 6 hr (Experiment 1) or 7 hr (Experiment 2) before the expected ovulation. Blood samples were taken via @entity12743 at regular intervals after the injection. In Experiment 1, four of five P4-treated hens ovulated, and no atretic follicles were found in any of the five P4-treated hens, including the one which did not ovulate. Ovulations were always accompanied by preovulatory LH peaks. By comparison, none of the vehicle-injected animals ovulated and in four of five hens the largest follicle was determined to be atretic. No ovulations occurred in Experiment 2 for either the P4- or vehicle-injected hens. @entity1146 of the largest follicle occurred in all five hens in the P4-treated group and four of five hens of the vehicle-treated group. The difference in results between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 can be explained assuming that the steroidogenesis-inhibiting action of the initial AGP injection in Experiment 1 (at 10 hr before ovulation) had diminished prior to the second AGP treatment (at 6 h before ovulation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evidence for a positive feedback interaction between XXXX and luteinizing hormone in the induction of ovulation in the hen, Gallus domesticus.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity35535 :: ('MESH:C026416', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglutethimide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity12743 :: ('MESH:D001935', 'Disease') :: ['branchial vein cannula']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Stool specimens from a sample of schoolchildren at six schools in Kweneng District were examined for @entity5293 , using the brine flotation method. @entity17447 was the only hookworm identified. The western part of the District forms part of the Kalahari Desert, and in four villages here 90%, 88%, 88% and 86% of the @entity1 were infected. In two villages in the eastern non-desert part, only 13% and 9% were infected. @entity281 were light. There was no significant correlation between severity of @entity281 and @entity417 . In one school (228 pupils; 86% infected with hookworm), half the @entity1 were treated with @entity3321 (0.1 ml/kg, maximum 5 ml) and the other half with placebo. Two weeks after treatment the prevalence of @entity281 were 28% and 75% respectively (p less than 0.001), and five months after treatment 51% and 69% (p less than 0.05). Measured over the five-month period there were no significant changes in haemoglobin and nutritional status (weight/height). Based on the results of the survey, a hookworm mass treatment programme was not recommended.

title: XXXX in Kweneng District, Botswana, A prevalence survey and a controlled treatment trial.

entities_list: @entity5293 :: ('MESH:D006725', 'Disease') :: ['hookworm infection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3321 :: ('MESH:D013750', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrachloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Most infections']

entities_list: @entity17447 :: ('51031', 'Species') :: ['Necator americanus']

answer: @entity5293 :: (MESH:D006725,Disease) :: ['Hookworm infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High basal plasma levels of inflammatory molecules are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. It has been suggested that also the dynamic response to an inflammatory trigger is important in determining cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of vaccination against @entity22073 as an in vivo model to study the interindividual variation in the response to inflammatory triggers. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers were vaccinated with 17D @entity22073 vaccine. Blood samples were drawn each day, until Day 8 after vaccination. Automated blood cell counting was performed, and the plasma concentrations of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity2002 were determined. RESULTS: In most individuals, @entity1851 levels peaked slightly (45% increase from basal values) around Day 7 after vaccination, preceded by an @entity650 (30%) peak around Day 5. @entity2002 levels showed a significant increase (10%) from Day 2 after vaccination, with a further rise (17%) around Day 5. The monocyte fraction showed a significant 2-fold increase on Day 7 after vaccination. The lymphocyte fraction increased slightly towards Day 7 (not significant). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that @entity22073 can be used as a model to study the response to mild stimulation of the inflammatory system.

title: XXXX as a model to study the response to stimulation of the inflammation system.

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['yellow fever vaccination', 'yellow fever']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity22073 :: (MESH:D015004,Disease) :: ['Yellow fever vaccination']


abstract: The distribution of the ratios of plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) to total @entity165 (TC) and of HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) are presented for 6900 white and 495 black examinees greater than 4 years old. Measurements were obtained during the visit 2 survey of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program Prevalence Study, and correspond to a 15% random sample of 60,502 @entity1 screened during the LRC visit 1 survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles are given by sex and by gonadal hormone use in white @entity1 . Apparent in these cross-sectional data was a consistent age-related decline in the ratio of HDL-C to TC for white male @entity1 , from a mean of 0.360 in the age group 5 to 9 to a mean of 0.211 in the age group 50 to 54. Thereafter the mean ratio increased slightly. In white @entity1 not using gonadal hormones the age-related decline in the ratio was only evident starting at the age group 35 to 39, from which it declines from 0.329 to 0.258 in the age group 55 to 59. White @entity1 using gonadal hormones showed very minor age-related changes in the HDL-C/TC ratio, varying around a mean of 0.300. The number of blacks examined was low and thus the racial comparisons must be interpreted with caution. For each gender, age-related trends were similar in black and white study @entity1 . Black @entity1 , however, had a higher percentage of TC carried as HDL-C than white @entity1 in all age groups examined. Black @entity1 had a higher percentage of TC in HDL-C than white @entity1 only below age 20; in the adult age range no appreciable differences were seen. Pearson correlation coefficients between the lipid, lipoprotein, and lipoprotein ratios are presented. The ratio HDL-C/TC correlated highly with the ratio HDL-C/LDL-C (greater than 0.92 for all groups) and the former may be a more conveniently determined surrogate for the latter. Although not exhaustive regarding the information it conveys about a lipid pattern, the ratio HDL-C/TC has the advantage of summarizing complex associations into a single numerical approximation.

title: The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein XXXX to total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 : age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The distribution of the ratios of plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) to total @entity165 (TC) and of HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) are presented for 6900 white and 495 black examinees greater than 4 years old. Measurements were obtained during the visit 2 survey of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program Prevalence Study, and correspond to a 15% random sample of 60,502 @entity1 screened during the LRC visit 1 survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles are given by sex and by gonadal hormone use in white @entity1 . Apparent in these cross-sectional data was a consistent age-related decline in the ratio of HDL-C to TC for white male @entity1 , from a mean of 0.360 in the age group 5 to 9 to a mean of 0.211 in the age group 50 to 54. Thereafter the mean ratio increased slightly. In white @entity1 not using gonadal hormones the age-related decline in the ratio was only evident starting at the age group 35 to 39, from which it declines from 0.329 to 0.258 in the age group 55 to 59. White @entity1 using gonadal hormones showed very minor age-related changes in the HDL-C/TC ratio, varying around a mean of 0.300. The number of blacks examined was low and thus the racial comparisons must be interpreted with caution. For each gender, age-related trends were similar in black and white study @entity1 . Black @entity1 , however, had a higher percentage of TC carried as HDL-C than white @entity1 in all age groups examined. Black @entity1 had a higher percentage of TC in HDL-C than white @entity1 only below age 20; in the adult age range no appreciable differences were seen. Pearson correlation coefficients between the lipid, lipoprotein, and lipoprotein ratios are presented. The ratio HDL-C/TC correlated highly with the ratio HDL-C/LDL-C (greater than 0.92 for all groups) and the former may be a more conveniently determined surrogate for the latter. Although not exhaustive regarding the information it conveys about a lipid pattern, the ratio HDL-C/TC has the advantage of summarizing complex associations into a single numerical approximation.

title: The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity165 to total and low-density lipoprotein XXXX : age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Horseradish peroxidase was applied to lesions in the optic nerve of catfish ( @entity4576 ). The retinae were processed to reveal HRP-labelled ganglion cells. The histochemical techniques employed allowed fine details of the dendritic arbor to be resolved. Flat-mounted retinae were examined and the following characteristics were noted in individual ganglion cells: Soma area, shape, and depth; number and diameter of major dendrites; shape, area, and depth(s) within the inner plexiform layer (ipl) of the dendritic arbor; origin of the axon (from the soma or a dendrite). On the basis of these characteristics, eleven classes of ganglion cells were delineated: four classes of giant cells (G1-G4) and seven classes of smaller cells (S1-S7). G1 cells had dendrites arborizing in the most distal sublamina of the ipl. G1 cells in the dorsal retina had nasotemporally elongated @entity2343 . G2 cells had dendrites in the proximal portion of the ipl. G3 cells were almost completely confined to a band running between the nasal and temporal retinal poles, through the center of the retina. In this location, the cells had dorsoventrally elongated @entity2343 , which were bistratified in the ipl. G4 cells were displaced into the inner nuclear layer. S1 and S4 cells had axons arising from their somata, and dendrites arborizing in the distal and the proximal ipl, respectively. S2 cells were typified by their unstratified @entity2343 . Similarly, S3 cells were characterised by their bistratified arbors. S5 cells arborized in the most proximal ipl sublamina. S6 cells were small ganglion cells with their somata lying in the inner nuclear layer. S7 cells tended to have complex @entity2343 , and their axons arose from dendrites.

title: The visual system of the XXXX ( @entity4576 ). I. Retinal ganglion cell morphology.

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic arbors']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: Horseradish peroxidase was applied to lesions in the optic nerve of catfish ( @entity4576 ). The retinae were processed to reveal HRP-labelled ganglion cells. The histochemical techniques employed allowed fine details of the dendritic arbor to be resolved. Flat-mounted retinae were examined and the following characteristics were noted in individual ganglion cells: Soma area, shape, and depth; number and diameter of major dendrites; shape, area, and depth(s) within the inner plexiform layer (ipl) of the dendritic arbor; origin of the axon (from the soma or a dendrite). On the basis of these characteristics, eleven classes of ganglion cells were delineated: four classes of giant cells (G1-G4) and seven classes of smaller cells (S1-S7). G1 cells had dendrites arborizing in the most distal sublamina of the ipl. G1 cells in the dorsal retina had nasotemporally elongated @entity2343 . G2 cells had dendrites in the proximal portion of the ipl. G3 cells were almost completely confined to a band running between the nasal and temporal retinal poles, through the center of the retina. In this location, the cells had dorsoventrally elongated @entity2343 , which were bistratified in the ipl. G4 cells were displaced into the inner nuclear layer. S1 and S4 cells had axons arising from their somata, and dendrites arborizing in the distal and the proximal ipl, respectively. S2 cells were typified by their unstratified @entity2343 . Similarly, S3 cells were characterised by their bistratified arbors. S5 cells arborized in the most proximal ipl sublamina. S6 cells were small ganglion cells with their somata lying in the inner nuclear layer. S7 cells tended to have complex @entity2343 , and their axons arose from dendrites.

title: The visual system of the @entity4576 ( XXXX ). I. Retinal ganglion cell morphology.

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']


abstract: A controversy exists in the literature over the ability of wing mesenchyme of somatopleural origin to form skeletal muscle. Experimental approaches used in such studies leave open the possibility of postoperative accessibility of the experimental wings to somitic cell invasion. In the present study wing somatopleural tissue was isolated from @entity9595 stage-12 to -21 @entity1573 embryos and grown either in organ culture (OC) or on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of host chicks, conditions under which postoperative entry of somitic cells is impossible. In the presence of axial and somitic tissues of the brachial region, the wing territories from all four stages underwent comparable growth and tissue differentiation. However, isolated wing regions showed a stage-dependency in the differentiation of skeletal muscle but not of other limb tissues. The incidence and amount of skeletal muscle was markedly reduced in @entity9595 stage-12 and -15 isolated wing regions while myogenesis in @entity9595 stage-18 and -21 wing buds was not affected by the absence of the somitic tissues. These results are consistent with reported stages of somitic cell migration into wings with the exception of @entity9595 stage-12 explants which should have been muscleless if somitic cells are the sole source of wing myofibres. The possibility that somitic cells had been included in these explants was investigated by testing the myogenic potential of lateral plate tissue adjacent to the wing, altering the dissection procedure for isolating wing territories and using antibodies to skeletal muscle @entity35374 and actin to detect myotubes. The results from this series of experiments illustrate the need for extraordinary care in the isolation of wing regions when investigating limb-somite relationships and suggest that the myogenic capacity attributed to wing somatopleural cells in the past can be accounted for by either postoperative entry of somitic cells into experimental wings or inadvertent inclusion of somitic cells in the primordia when dissected. Overall, the results show that somitic cells are the sole source of wing myofibres for, in their absence, somatopleural cells from all mesodermally-derived wing cell types except skeletal myofibres.

title: Myogenic differentiation in early XXXX wing mesenchyme in the absence of the brachial somites.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: The long-term reproducibility and significance of inducible @entity943 were assessed in 21 survivors of a @entity583 . Programmed ventricular stimulation performed a mean of 12 +/- 2 days (range 8 to 18) after @entity1188 provoked @entity2224 in 2 @entity1 , sustained monomorphic @entity1165 in 8 and nonsustained @entity1165 in 11. @entity1 were restudied using the same protocol a mean of 8 +/- 2 months (range 4 to 11) after @entity1188 . All @entity1 underwent programmed ventricular stimulation studies in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug treatment. @entity1165 could be reinitiated in 16 @entity1 (76%): @entity2224 in 2, sustained @entity1165 in 5 (monomorphic in 4) and nonsustained @entity1165 in 9. A preponderance of inferior @entity1188 was observed among @entity1 with reinducible @entity591 (9 of 16 @entity1 versus 0 of 5 with noninducible @entity591 ) (p less than 0.05). No significant difference existed between @entity1 with and without reinducible @entity943 with respect to severity of @entity453 , degree of @entity1002 , occurrence of @entity2224 in the acute phase of @entity1188 and @entity943 detected by 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring. There was no significant difference between @entity1 with and without a positive late study in stimulation thresholds, ventricular refractory periods, time interval between initial and repeat testing and use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. During a mean follow-up period of 17 months (range 10 to 23) one @entity1 with inducible sustained monomorphic @entity1165 at both studies died suddenly. The remaining @entity1 have survived follow-up without experiencing an arrhythmic event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term reproducibility and significance of provokable XXXX after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'Ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: The long-term reproducibility and significance of inducible @entity943 were assessed in 21 survivors of a @entity583 . Programmed ventricular stimulation performed a mean of 12 +/- 2 days (range 8 to 18) after @entity1188 provoked @entity2224 in 2 @entity1 , sustained monomorphic @entity1165 in 8 and nonsustained @entity1165 in 11. @entity1 were restudied using the same protocol a mean of 8 +/- 2 months (range 4 to 11) after @entity1188 . All @entity1 underwent programmed ventricular stimulation studies in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug treatment. @entity1165 could be reinitiated in 16 @entity1 (76%): @entity2224 in 2, sustained @entity1165 in 5 (monomorphic in 4) and nonsustained @entity1165 in 9. A preponderance of inferior @entity1188 was observed among @entity1 with reinducible @entity591 (9 of 16 @entity1 versus 0 of 5 with noninducible @entity591 ) (p less than 0.05). No significant difference existed between @entity1 with and without reinducible @entity943 with respect to severity of @entity453 , degree of @entity1002 , occurrence of @entity2224 in the acute phase of @entity1188 and @entity943 detected by 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring. There was no significant difference between @entity1 with and without a positive late study in stimulation thresholds, ventricular refractory periods, time interval between initial and repeat testing and use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. During a mean follow-up period of 17 months (range 10 to 23) one @entity1 with inducible sustained monomorphic @entity1165 at both studies died suddenly. The remaining @entity1 have survived follow-up without experiencing an arrhythmic event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term reproducibility and significance of provokable @entity943 after XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma @entity2922 (CA) response to standing and mental stresses were studied in 14 normotensive subjects with normotensive parents (PNT group), 14 normotensive subjects with @entity101 parent(s) ( @entity29597 group), and eight borderline @entity101 @entity1 (BHT group). Mean basal plasma @entity1063 (NE) concentration in BHT group (302 +/- 94 pg/ml) and PHT group (289 +/- 167 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in PNT group (205 +/- 76 pg/ml). Significant differences in the mean basal plasma @entity1425 (E) were found only between the PNT and BHT groups (22 +/- 12 vs 43 +/- 18 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). Both plasma NE and E increased significantly on standing in all groups. With @entity1032 , plasma E increased significantly, though plasma NE did not change significantly in all three groups. The mean changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma CA in response to standing and mental stresses were not different in the three groups. However, a higher incidence (50%) of high blood pressure responders (greater than or equal to 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure) to @entity1032 was found in the PHT group compared with PNT (14%) and @entity1882 (12%). The high responders in the PHT group had significantly higher mean plasma E concentrations throughout the experiment. Also, their increases in plasma NE and E in response to @entity1032 were higher than those of the low responders. The results indicate that genetic predisposition to @entity101 plays a significant role in determining plasma @entity2922 levels and the responsiveness to stress, especially to @entity1032 .

title: The adreno-sympathetic system, the genetic predisposition to XXXX , and stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental stress']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: During orthodontic therapy, @entity1 frequently complain about @entity158 and discomfort, especially during insertion of fixed appliances. Skeletal anchorage using an interdental microimplant is a new concept in orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences and changes in the level of @entity158 among @entity1 in relation to orthodontic microimplant treatments. Forty microimplants were applied to the maxilla as skeletal anchors in the orthodontic treatment. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the @entity1 ' perception of @entity158 during this new modality treatment. The premolar extraction VAS core was used as a baseline for the complete orthodontic procedure. The mean VAS score was 35.8 mm at 24 h after premolar extraction. The mean VAS score for insertion and removal of the microimplant 24 h after the operation was 12.3 and 7.8 mm, respectively. Three months after removal of the skeletal anchors, the VAS score had decreased to 3.2 mm and was the same as with the traditional orthodontic treatment. By using the repeated-measure @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ), we found that the score 1 day after microimplant placement was significantly less than that 1 day after first premolar extraction or that 1 day after fixed appliance insertion. This result indicates that interdental microimplant did not generate any greater @entity158 than other orthodontic procedures. Therefore, @entity1 were willing to adopt the new orthodontic treatment.

title: The perception of XXXX following interdental microimplant treatment for skeletal anchorage: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['general linear model', 'GLM']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Local excision of malignant @entity5 remains controversial due to the lack of prospective studies. The principal aim of this paper is to analyze survival and recurrence of @entity1 with @entity5 who were operated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery with curative intention. METHODS: In 1997, we started a prospective protocol for @entity1 who had T1/T2 @entity5 : transanal local full-thickness excision was considered curative in T1 low risk (group A); @entity1 with T1 high-risk and T2 low-risk @entity5 received postoperative radiotherapy (group B). From 1997 to 2006, 88 @entity1 were enrolled. Sixty eight entered the study after the preoperative workup and 20 @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity652 after postoperative definitive pathological assessment. RESULTS: After definitive histological findings, 54 @entity1 were to group A, 28 to group B, and 6 had immediate radical surgery. One @entity1 was lost for follow-up. At a mean follow-up of 71 months, 7 (4 from group A and 3 from group B) out of 81 @entity1 recurred. Five-year overall survival was of 94% and @entity5 -specific survival of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support that transanal endoscopic microsurgery is an adequate treatment for T1 low-risk @entity5 , and no additional measures are required. For T2 low-risk lesions, our study showed a higher local recurrence rate than that reported after radical surgery but a similar survival outcome.

title: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for XXXX . Long-term oncologic results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The influences of @entity1954 (T3) or @entity935 (DA) administration on growth, feed conversion, and visceral weights in broiler chicks between the ages of 6 and 12 d posthatch were investigated. In Trial 1, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered one of the following treatments: 0.37, 0.74, 1.48, and 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW or 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 micromol DA/kg BW. Both T3 and DA were administered via intraperitoneal injections between the end of sternum and the ends of os pubis, with 0.9% saline as the excepient. In addition, two groups of six birds each were either not injected or injected with excepient only, as controls. Four replications were carried out with a total of 264 chicks. Heart weight as a percentage of feed-deprived body weight (FDBW) of the chicks injected with 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW was heavier than that of controls. Other variables measured were not significantly different between treatments. In trial 2, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered, one of the following treatments: 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 micromol T3/kg diet or 0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 micromol DA/kg diet as well as a nonsupplemented control. Four replications were carried out with 216 chicks. The results in Trial 2 showed that the effects of T3 (X, micromol/kg diet) on body @entity1017 (Y1, g) and feed consumption (Y2, g) were linear (Y1 = 310 - 21.5X, R2 = 0.868, P < 0.001 and Y2 = 398 - 22.3X, R2 = 0.765, P < 0.001, respectively). The feed conversion ratio, the weight of liver, the weights of various intestinal segments, the lengths of the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, as well as weight per centimeter jejunal length, gizzard weight as percentage of FDBW, and the duodenal length per kilogram FDBW all had linear responses (P < 0.05) to the level of dietary supplementation of T3. The effect of dietary supplementation of T3 on the heart weight was quadratic (Y16 = 2.58 + 0.89X - 0.17 X2, R2 = 0.526, P < 0.01). Similarly, the weights of @entity788 and gizzard, the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW and the @entity788 weight as a percentage of FDBW all had second-order curve responses. Dietary DA supplementation exerted no effect on the variables measured except that the regression of the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW on dietary DA supplementation (X1, micromol/kg diet) existed, namely, Z1 = 0.64 + 0.24 X1 - 0.23 X1(2) + 0.05 X1(3) (R2 = 0.868, P < 0.05).

title: Administration of @entity1954 and XXXX to broiler chicks increases growth, feed conversion and visceral organ mass.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The influences of @entity1954 (T3) or @entity935 (DA) administration on growth, feed conversion, and visceral weights in broiler chicks between the ages of 6 and 12 d posthatch were investigated. In Trial 1, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered one of the following treatments: 0.37, 0.74, 1.48, and 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW or 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 micromol DA/kg BW. Both T3 and DA were administered via intraperitoneal injections between the end of sternum and the ends of os pubis, with 0.9% saline as the excepient. In addition, two groups of six birds each were either not injected or injected with excepient only, as controls. Four replications were carried out with a total of 264 chicks. Heart weight as a percentage of feed-deprived body weight (FDBW) of the chicks injected with 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW was heavier than that of controls. Other variables measured were not significantly different between treatments. In trial 2, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered, one of the following treatments: 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 micromol T3/kg diet or 0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 micromol DA/kg diet as well as a nonsupplemented control. Four replications were carried out with 216 chicks. The results in Trial 2 showed that the effects of T3 (X, micromol/kg diet) on body @entity1017 (Y1, g) and feed consumption (Y2, g) were linear (Y1 = 310 - 21.5X, R2 = 0.868, P < 0.001 and Y2 = 398 - 22.3X, R2 = 0.765, P < 0.001, respectively). The feed conversion ratio, the weight of liver, the weights of various intestinal segments, the lengths of the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, as well as weight per centimeter jejunal length, gizzard weight as percentage of FDBW, and the duodenal length per kilogram FDBW all had linear responses (P < 0.05) to the level of dietary supplementation of T3. The effect of dietary supplementation of T3 on the heart weight was quadratic (Y16 = 2.58 + 0.89X - 0.17 X2, R2 = 0.526, P < 0.01). Similarly, the weights of @entity788 and gizzard, the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW and the @entity788 weight as a percentage of FDBW all had second-order curve responses. Dietary DA supplementation exerted no effect on the variables measured except that the regression of the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW on dietary DA supplementation (X1, micromol/kg diet) existed, namely, Z1 = 0.64 + 0.24 X1 - 0.23 X1(2) + 0.05 X1(3) (R2 = 0.868, P < 0.05).

title: Administration of XXXX and @entity935 to broiler chicks increases growth, feed conversion and visceral organ mass.

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of APPEAR performed using a laparoscopic-assisted approach. METHODS: A laparoscopic-assisted APPEAR was performed with end-to-end @entity254 on October 12, 2010 for a @entity1 with @entity5 who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. After total mesorectal excision was completed laparoscopically, a crescent-shape incision was then made in the middle perineum. The distal part of the rectum was dissected with electrocautery. An double-stapling end-to-end @entity254 was performed after transaction of the rectum. RESULTS: Total operative time was 195 minutes. The perineal approach cost 30 minutes. The estimated @entity190 was 50 ml. First stoma output with flatus was on postoperative day 3, and the @entity1 resumed liquid diet. The @entity1 was discharged on postoperative day 7. There were no complications including @entity5280 , or @entity834 . CONCLUSION: The APPEAR procedure can be performed safely with the abdominal approach completed laparoscopically.

title: [Laparoscopic-assisted anterior perineal plane for ultra-low anterior resection of the XXXX (APPEAR)].

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic sepsis, perineal infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The clinical data, echocardiographic findings, operative anatomy and postoperative follow-up were assessed in 14 @entity1 who had surgery for membranous @entity4794 between 1978 and 1985. The @entity1 ranged in age from 6 weeks to 13 years at the time of operation, and 8 of the 14 had associated mitral @entity340 . Other associated lesions included @entity1757 (n = 7), @entity1498 (n = 5), left superior vena cava (n = 6), @entity475 (n = 3) and @entity118 (n = 1). Twelve of the 14 @entity1 had successful removal of the supravalvular membrane, which was usually adherent to the valve, and 2 @entity1 with associated mitral @entity340 underwent mitral valve replacement. There were no operative deaths. Review of preoperative two-dimensional echocardiograms, which were available in 11 @entity1 , revealed two types of membranous @entity4794 in 10 @entity1 . In four of these @entity1 , the membrane was only evident after repeated stop action viewing from a single subcostal or parasternal location. The membrane was never seen in one @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 had follow-up in excess of 1 year, and there was one late death. Eight of the remaining 10 @entity1 are asymptomatic, and 7 have no clinical evidence of residual @entity339 . Failure to recognize membranous @entity4794 can result in undue delay of cardiac surgery with resultant @entity1167 . @entity1 with evidence of left ventricular inflow obstruction should have extensive echocardiographic evaluation in an effort to detect membranous @entity4794 , which may be amenable to surgical repair.

title: Membranous XXXX : a treatable form of congenital heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['supravalvular mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary deterioration']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['supravalvular mitral stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes after transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery for @entity14 . METHODS: @entity1 undergoing transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic radical resection for @entity14 at the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University were included. RESULTS: Three @entity1 underwent transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic radical resection for sigmoid @entity694 and 1 for @entity5 between August 2010 and September 2010. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. No conversion was required. The mean operative time was 206 min and the mean estimated @entity190 was 75 ml. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 21. @entity1 were ambulatory in the same day of surgery or postoperative day 1. Length of hospital stay ranged from 7 to 10 days. CONCLUSIONS: Transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery is safe for @entity14 . Long-term outcomes warrant further investigation.

title: [Transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to compare energy substrate fluxes through metabolic pathways leading to mitochondrial @entity1792 synthesis and release in normal and diseased @entity35 hearts using 13C-substrates and mass isotopomer analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). This study was prompted by our previous finding of a modulated @entity1792 release by perfused @entity35 hearts and by the possibility that a dysregulated myocardial @entity1792 release represents a specific chronic alteration of energy metabolism in cardiac @entity1 . The 15-week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) was chosen as our @entity3628 and the @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 as its matched control. Ex vivo work-performing hearts were perfused with a semi-recirculating buffer containing physiological concentrations of unlabeled ( @entity413 ) and @entity7352 -labeled ([U-13C3]( @entity880 + @entity2388 ) and/or [1-(13)C]oleate) substrates. In parallel to the continuous monitoring of indices of the heart's functional and physiological status, the following metabolic parameters were documented: (i) @entity1792 release rates and @entity1792 cycle intermediate tissue levels, (ii) the contribution of @entity1718 as well as @entity2388 decarboxylation and carboxylation to @entity1792 synthesis, and (iii) @entity880 and @entity2388 uptake and efflux rates. Working hearts from both @entity35 species showed a similar percent contribution of @entity3363 for @entity1792 synthesis through decarboxylation (70%) and carboxylation (10%). SHR hearts showed the following metabolic alterations: a higher @entity1792 release rate, which was associated with a parallel increase in its tissue level, a lower contribution of oleate beta-oxidation to @entity1792 synthesis, and an accelerated efflux rate of unlabeled @entity880 from glycolysis. These metabolic changes were not explained by differences in myocardial @entity26 consumption, cardiac performance or efficiency, nor correlated with indices of tissue @entity39 or @entity63 . This study demonstrates how the alliance between ex vivo semi-recirculating working perfused @entity35 hearts with 13C-substrates and mass isotopomer analysis by GCMS, can provide an unprecedented insight into the metabolic phenotype of normal and diseased @entity35 hearts. The clinical relevance of metabolic alterations herein documented in the SHR heart is suggested by its resemblance to those reported in cardiac @entity1 . Taken altogether, our results raise the possibility that the increased @entity1792 release of diseased hearts results from an imbalance between @entity1792 synthesis and utilization rates, which becomes more apparent underconditions of substrate abundance.

title: Metabolic phenotyping of the diseased XXXX heart using 13C-substrates and ex vivo perfusion in the working mode.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid', 'citrate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['animal model of disease']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']