abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexual health concerns in @entity5 survivors are often unaddressed by providers. Study objectives were to assess @entity5 survivors' reported rates of communication with oncology providers about sexual health, preference for such communication with their oncology or primary care providers (PCPs), and factors associated with these communication rates and preferences. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 attending a @entity5 survivorship clinic were asked how often their oncologist addressed and initiated discussion about sexual functioning and whether they wanted their oncologist or @entity4426 to ask about their sexual health. We also assessed whether various sociodemographic characteristics and levels of @entity308 , @entity148 , and sexual satisfaction were associated with survivors' sexual health communication rates and preferences. RESULTS: 41% of @entity1 wanted their oncologist to ask about sexual health and 58% of @entity1 wanted their PCP to ask about sexual health. Over 90% of @entity1 reported that their oncologist infrequently addressed sexual health concerns and that their oncologist was unlikely to initiate such discussions. Education level influenced whether @entity1 wanted their oncologist to ask about sexual health. Age, education level, and insurance type influenced whether @entity1 wanted their PCP to ask about sexual health. Levels of @entity308 , @entity148 , and sexual satisfaction were not associated with communication rates or preferences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 attending a survivorship clinic reported infrequent communication about sexual health with their oncology providers, despite wanting their providers to ask about sexual health concerns.

title: Sexual health communication between XXXX survivors and providers: how frequently does it occur and which providers are preferred?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early tracheostomy may decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation, sedation exposure, and intensive care stay, possibly resulting in improved clinical outcomes, but the evidence is conflicting. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials in @entity1 allocated to tracheostomy within 10 days of start of mechanical ventilation was compared with placement of tracheostomy after 10 days if still required. Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible trials. The co-primary outcomes were mortality within 60 days, and duration of mechanical ventilation, sedation, and intensive care unit stay. Secondary outcomes were the number of tracheostomy procedures performed, and incidence of @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ). Outcomes are described as relative risk or weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of note, 4482 publications were identified and 14 trials enrolling 2406 @entity1 were included. Tracheostomy within 10 days was not associated with any difference in mortality [risk ratio (RR): 0.93 (0.83-1.05)]. There were no differences in duration of mechanical ventilation [-0.19 days (-1.13-0.75)], intensive care stay [-0.83 days (-2.05-0.40)], or incidence of @entity2489 . However, duration of sedation was reduced in the early tracheostomy groups [-2.78 days (-3.68 to -1.88)]. More tracheostomies were performed in @entity1 randomly assigned to receive early tracheostomy [RR: 2.53 (1.18-5.40)]. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that early (within 10 days) tracheostomy reduced mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care stay, or @entity2489 . Early tracheostomy leads to more procedures and a shorter duration of sedation.

title: Effect of early tracheostomy on resource utilization and clinical outcomes in critically ill XXXX : meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['VAP', 'ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 in particular with an involvement of the liver has to be regarded as rather unfavourable. Up today no convincing therapy for @entity1 with @entity0 and liver @entity3 could be found. From 1982 to 1991 42 @entity1 with suspicion on liver @entity3 of a primary @entity0 were laparotomized. At that time 20 @entity1 already had an extrahepatic formation of @entity3 . In contrast to the preexaminations an histologically benign liver @entity5 was intraoperatively verified in 6 @entity1 . In the other 36 @entity1 the operation was finished in 9 cases as explorative laparotomy (group A) because of extensive intra- and @entity66 . In 19 cases an arterial catheter system with subcutaneous port was implanted (group B). Partial liver resection combined with intraarterial catheter implantation was performed in 8 @entity1 (group C). Postoperatively 27 @entity1 monthly received a regional combined chemotherapy (groups B+C); a modified FAM scheme ( @entity1487 : 1000 mg/12 h/d/2 d, @entity632 : 20 mg/12 h/d/3 d, @entity1138 : 10 mg/2 h/d/1 d) was used. Response could be documented in 12 out of 17 evaluable @entity1 (70.6%). A median overall postoperative survival time of 14.5 months for all @entity1 in case of a proved liver @entity3 was calculated. A prolongation could not be realized, neither in @entity1 with partial liver resection with regional therapy (group C) nor in @entity1 with an intraarterial chemotherapy (group B). Only in exceptional cases a successful regional chemotherapy could influence the course favourable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Regional therapy XXXX liver @entity3 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic manifestation and/or vessel abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 in particular with an involvement of the liver has to be regarded as rather unfavourable. Up today no convincing therapy for @entity1 with @entity0 and liver @entity3 could be found. From 1982 to 1991 42 @entity1 with suspicion on liver @entity3 of a primary @entity0 were laparotomized. At that time 20 @entity1 already had an extrahepatic formation of @entity3 . In contrast to the preexaminations an histologically benign liver @entity5 was intraoperatively verified in 6 @entity1 . In the other 36 @entity1 the operation was finished in 9 cases as explorative laparotomy (group A) because of extensive intra- and @entity66 . In 19 cases an arterial catheter system with subcutaneous port was implanted (group B). Partial liver resection combined with intraarterial catheter implantation was performed in 8 @entity1 (group C). Postoperatively 27 @entity1 monthly received a regional combined chemotherapy (groups B+C); a modified FAM scheme ( @entity1487 : 1000 mg/12 h/d/2 d, @entity632 : 20 mg/12 h/d/3 d, @entity1138 : 10 mg/2 h/d/1 d) was used. Response could be documented in 12 out of 17 evaluable @entity1 (70.6%). A median overall postoperative survival time of 14.5 months for all @entity1 in case of a proved liver @entity3 was calculated. A prolongation could not be realized, neither in @entity1 with partial liver resection with regional therapy (group C) nor in @entity1 with an intraarterial chemotherapy (group B). Only in exceptional cases a successful regional chemotherapy could influence the course favourable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Regional therapy @entity0 liver XXXX ].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of image guided beam gating for PBS liver treatments under realistic breathing conditions. METHODS: We have previously proposed a Beams' Eye View ( @entity1493 ) X-ray image system as an online motion monitoring device for deriving a gating signal for PBS proton therapy. Using dedicated 4D dose calculations (4DDC), in this work we have simulated gated liver treatments using three amplitude-based gating windows (10/5/3mm) based on motion extracted from @entity1493 imaging of fiducial markers or the diaphragm. In order to improve motion mitigation, @entity1493 guided gating has also been combined with either volumetric (VS) or layered (LS) rescanning. Nine 4DCT(MRI) liver data-sets have been used for the investigation, which not only consider realistic @entity1 geometries but also motion variations between different breathing cycles. All 4D plans have been quantified in terms of plan homogeneity in the @entity343 (D5-D95), the total estimated treatment time and the beam-on duty cycle. RESULTS: Neither gating nor rescanning can fully retrieve a comparable plan homogeneity to the static case, and considerable reductions of the duty cycle (<10%) were observed as a Result motion variations when small gating windows are used. However, once combined with rescanning, dose homogeneity within 1% of the static plan could be achieved with reasonable prolongation of the treatment time for all 9 subjects. No differences were observed between the efficacy of layered or volumetric re-scanning, or of gating signals extracted from fiducial or diaphragm motions. However, layered rescanning may be preferred over volumetric rescanning when performed in combination with gating as it is generally more time-efficient and dosimetrically robust to @entity1 and motion variations CONCLUSION: Combining @entity1493 beam gating with rescanning is an efficient and effective approach to treating @entity96 , and is equally effective if either the diaphragm or fiducial markers are used as motion surrogates.

title: WE-EF-303-02: BEST IN PHYSICS (JOINT IMAGING- THERAPY): A Comprehensive Simulation of Image Guided Beam Gating for XXXX Treatments Using Scanned Proton Therapy.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['mobile liver tumours']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Liver Tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) and @entity15 ( @entity15 ) both harbor multiple, T2-hyperintense white matter lesions on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).We aimed to determine the microstructural changes via @entity353 ( @entity353 ) in normal appearing thalami. We hypothesized that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values would be different in @entity6249 and @entity15 , since the extent of arterial involvement is different in these two diseases. METHODS: @entity353 was performed for 50 @entity1 with @entity6249 and 35 @entity1 with @entity15 along with gender- and age-matched controls whose conventional MRI revealed normal findings. @entity353 was done with 1.5 Tesla MR devices using echo planar imaging (EPI) for b   =   0, 1000  s/mm(2). ADC values were obtained from the thalami which appeared normal on T2-weighted and FLAIR images. Standard oval regions of interest (ROIs) of 0.5  cm(2) which were oriented parallel to the long axis of the thalamus were used for this purpose. RESULTS: The mean ADC value of the thalamus was (0.99        0.16)   *   10(-3)  mm(2)/s in @entity1 with @entity6249 , whereas the mean ADC value was (0.78        0.06)   *   10(-3)  mm(2)/s in the control group. The mean ADC value was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity6249 compared to the controls (p   <   0.001). The mean ADC values of the thalamus were (0.78        0.08)   *   10(-3)  mm(2)/s in @entity15 @entity1 , and (0.75        0.08)   *   10(-3)  mm(2)/s in the control group, which are not significantly different (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a difference in the diffusion of the thalami between @entity6249 and @entity15 . @entity353 may aid in the radiological disease differentiation.

title: Role of thalamic diffusion for disease differentiation between XXXX and ischemic cerebral small vessel disease.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI', 'diffusion-weighted imaging']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral small vessel disease', 'CSVD']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are at high risk for @entity73 . Non-pharmacological interventions have attracted increasing interest for enhancing @entity191 @entity1 ' cognitive functions. METHODS: One-year follow-up data (T2 ) of a randomized controlled trial evaluating two 6-week cognitive trainings - a structured (NEUROvitalis, NV) and an unstructured (mentally fit, MF) program - compared with a waiting list control group (CG) in non-demented @entity191 @entity1 (Hoehn and Yahr I-III) are presented. Forty-seven @entity191 @entity1 were examined at T2 . Effects on overall cognitive functions (Mini-Mental State Examination and DemTect) were compared between all groups with repeated measurement analyses of variance. A combined score of the percentage change value from baseline (T0 ) to T2 was calculated to identify @entity1 who retained or improved their cognitive state (responders). The risk of developing @entity73 ( @entity73 ) was analyzed. RESULTS: Significant time * treatment effects on overall cognitive functions were found for both training groups, each compared separately to the CG (DemTect, P  <  0.05). Nine @entity1 (56.3%) of the NV group, seven (41.2%) of the MF group and three (21.4%) of the CG were responders. Comparing NV to CG the odds ratio was 4.7 [95% confidence interval (0.8; 33.3)], and comparing MF to CG it was 2.6 [95% confidence interval (0.4; 17.4)]. @entity73 risk for @entity1 without prior @entity73 was 40.0% in CG, 18.2% in MF and 18.2% in NV. The odds ratio was 3 comparing NV to CG, MF to CG. DISCUSSION: This study gives evidence that cognitive training may be effective to prevent @entity73 and onset of @entity73 in @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Cognitive training in XXXX reduces @entity73 in the long term.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are at high risk for @entity73 . Non-pharmacological interventions have attracted increasing interest for enhancing @entity191 @entity1 ' cognitive functions. METHODS: One-year follow-up data (T2 ) of a randomized controlled trial evaluating two 6-week cognitive trainings - a structured (NEUROvitalis, NV) and an unstructured (mentally fit, MF) program - compared with a waiting list control group (CG) in non-demented @entity191 @entity1 (Hoehn and Yahr I-III) are presented. Forty-seven @entity191 @entity1 were examined at T2 . Effects on overall cognitive functions (Mini-Mental State Examination and DemTect) were compared between all groups with repeated measurement analyses of variance. A combined score of the percentage change value from baseline (T0 ) to T2 was calculated to identify @entity1 who retained or improved their cognitive state (responders). The risk of developing @entity73 ( @entity73 ) was analyzed. RESULTS: Significant time * treatment effects on overall cognitive functions were found for both training groups, each compared separately to the CG (DemTect, P  <  0.05). Nine @entity1 (56.3%) of the NV group, seven (41.2%) of the MF group and three (21.4%) of the CG were responders. Comparing NV to CG the odds ratio was 4.7 [95% confidence interval (0.8; 33.3)], and comparing MF to CG it was 2.6 [95% confidence interval (0.4; 17.4)]. @entity73 risk for @entity1 without prior @entity73 was 40.0% in CG, 18.2% in MF and 18.2% in NV. The odds ratio was 3 comparing NV to CG, MF to CG. DISCUSSION: This study gives evidence that cognitive training may be effective to prevent @entity73 and onset of @entity73 in @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Cognitive training in @entity191 reduces XXXX in the long term.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: Between March 1984 and June 1993, linac radiosurgery was performed in 139 @entity1 for single brain @entity3 , using the non-invasive (Greitz-Bergstr  m) head fixation system. This atraumatic system was utilized for subsequent stereotactic CT/NMR staging to obtain strictly comparable neuro-imaging. Thus, @entity5 response was evaluated precisely and radiosurgery repeated (straight after the diagnostic sitting), as needed. No hospitalization or anaesthesia was necessary. The 25 mm target was the maximum size to avoid the risk of radiation induced reactions. In @entity3 exceeding this limit single doses were directed at more than one target at the same session. Focusing upon single or multiple targets was facilitated by 3-D stereotactic NMR. The results after one single sitting were compared with those obtained after staged sittings in the same @entity1 . Radiosurgery achieved disappearance or shrinkage of the @entity3 with resolution of the @entity4 and mid-line shift in 86% of the 139 @entity1 treated. In 47% of them, however, the success was the result of repeat radiosurgery and staged sittings. The non-invasive procedure is the keystone to optimize the radiosurgical results.

title: The results of radiosurgical management of 139 single cerebral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare 5-minute delayed transitional phase imaging using a 30   @entity1182 angle (hereafter, 5min-FA30) and 20-minute hepatocyte phase imaging using a 10   @entity1182 angle (hereafter, 20min-FA10) in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for focal @entity99 detection and lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and to determine whether 5min-FA30 could replace 20min-FA10 with a 15-minute time saving. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred sixteen @entity1 with 282 focal @entity99 (size range, 0.2-12.5 cm; malignant, n = 146; benign, n = 136) underwent @entity18497 -enhanced MRI with 5min-FA30 and 20min-FA10 with a 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence. Three radiologists independently assessed the presence of focal @entity99 using a 4-point scale, and detection sensitivity of focal @entity99 was calculated. Lesion-to-liver CNRs were calculated and compared in two image groups. RESULTS. There was no significant difference in detection sensitivity of focal @entity99 for all three readers between 5min-FA30 (mean, 95.4%) and 20min-FA10 (mean, 95.6%), irrespective of lesion size or @entity5 . The mean CNR on 5min-FA30 (167.9    84.1) was significantly higher than that on 20min-FA10 (160.2    79.5). However, the mean CNR difference between the two image groups was relatively small (7.8    41.9). CONCLUSION. Compared with 20min-FA10, 5min-FA30 provided higher CNR and similar sensitivity. These findings indicate that 5min-FA30 could replace 20-min delayed hepatocyte phase imaging using a 10   @entity1182 angle with similar diagnostic performance and 15 minutes of time saving.

title: Feasibility of 5-Minute Delayed Transition Phase Imaging With 30   @entity1182 Angle in Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced 3D Gradient-Echo MRI of Liver, Compared With 20-Minute Delayed Hepatocyte Phase MRI With Standard 10   XXXX Angle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesion', 'hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity1182 :: (8837,Gene) :: ['Flip']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare 5-minute delayed transitional phase imaging using a 30   @entity1182 angle (hereafter, 5min-FA30) and 20-minute hepatocyte phase imaging using a 10   @entity1182 angle (hereafter, 20min-FA10) in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for focal @entity99 detection and lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and to determine whether 5min-FA30 could replace 20min-FA10 with a 15-minute time saving. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred sixteen @entity1 with 282 focal @entity99 (size range, 0.2-12.5 cm; malignant, n = 146; benign, n = 136) underwent @entity18497 -enhanced MRI with 5min-FA30 and 20min-FA10 with a 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence. Three radiologists independently assessed the presence of focal @entity99 using a 4-point scale, and detection sensitivity of focal @entity99 was calculated. Lesion-to-liver CNRs were calculated and compared in two image groups. RESULTS. There was no significant difference in detection sensitivity of focal @entity99 for all three readers between 5min-FA30 (mean, 95.4%) and 20min-FA10 (mean, 95.6%), irrespective of lesion size or @entity5 . The mean CNR on 5min-FA30 (167.9    84.1) was significantly higher than that on 20min-FA10 (160.2    79.5). However, the mean CNR difference between the two image groups was relatively small (7.8    41.9). CONCLUSION. Compared with 20min-FA10, 5min-FA30 provided higher CNR and similar sensitivity. These findings indicate that 5min-FA30 could replace 20-min delayed hepatocyte phase imaging using a 10   @entity1182 angle with similar diagnostic performance and 15 minutes of time saving.

title: Feasibility of 5-Minute Delayed Transition Phase Imaging With 30   XXXX Angle in Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced 3D Gradient-Echo MRI of Liver, Compared With 20-Minute Delayed Hepatocyte Phase MRI With Standard 10   @entity1182 Angle.

answer: @entity1182 :: (8837,Gene) :: ['Flip']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4195 serotype M1 is a frequent cause of severe @entity281 in @entity1 . Some M1 isolates are pathogenic in @entity19 and used in studies on @entity281 pathogenesis. We observed marked differences in @entity19 @entity281 caused by M1 strain SF370, 5448, 5448AP or @entity9829 which prompted us to sequence the whole genome of isolates 5448 and @entity9829 for comparative analysis. Strain 5448 is known to acquire inactivating mutations in the CovRS two-component system during @entity19 @entity281 , producing hypervirulent progeny such as 5448AP. Isolates @entity9829 and 5448AP, more than 5448, caused disseminating @entity281 that became systemic and lethal. SF370 was not pathogenic. Phages caused gross genetic differences and increased the gene content of @entity9829 by 8% as compared to 5448 and SF370. Each of six examined M1 genomes contained two CRISPR-Cas systems. Phage insertion destroyed a type II CRISPR-Cas system in @entity9829 and other strains of serotypes M1, M3, M6 and M24, but not in M1 strains 5448, SF370, MGAS5005, A20 or M1 476. A resulting impaired defence against invading genetic elements could have led to the wealth of phages in @entity9829 . @entity9829 lacks genetic features of the MGAS5005-like clonal complex including the streptodornase that drives selection for hypervirulent clones with inactivated CovRS system. Still, inactivating mutations in covS were a common genetic feature of @entity9829 and the MGAS5005-like isolate 5448AP. Abolished expression of the @entity462 proteinase SpeB, due to CovRS inactivation could be a common cause for hypervirulence of the two isolates. Moreover, an additional protein H-coding gene and a mutation in the regulator gene rofA distinguished @entity9829 form other M1 isolates. In conclusion, hypervirulence of @entity4195 M1 in @entity19 is not limited to the MGAS5005-like genotype.

title: Comparative Genomics of XXXX M1 isolates differing in virulence and propensity to cause @entity281 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4195 serotype M1 is a frequent cause of severe @entity281 in @entity1 . Some M1 isolates are pathogenic in @entity19 and used in studies on @entity281 pathogenesis. We observed marked differences in @entity19 @entity281 caused by M1 strain SF370, 5448, 5448AP or @entity9829 which prompted us to sequence the whole genome of isolates 5448 and @entity9829 for comparative analysis. Strain 5448 is known to acquire inactivating mutations in the CovRS two-component system during @entity19 @entity281 , producing hypervirulent progeny such as 5448AP. Isolates @entity9829 and 5448AP, more than 5448, caused disseminating @entity281 that became systemic and lethal. SF370 was not pathogenic. Phages caused gross genetic differences and increased the gene content of @entity9829 by 8% as compared to 5448 and SF370. Each of six examined M1 genomes contained two CRISPR-Cas systems. Phage insertion destroyed a type II CRISPR-Cas system in @entity9829 and other strains of serotypes M1, M3, M6 and M24, but not in M1 strains 5448, SF370, MGAS5005, A20 or M1 476. A resulting impaired defence against invading genetic elements could have led to the wealth of phages in @entity9829 . @entity9829 lacks genetic features of the MGAS5005-like clonal complex including the streptodornase that drives selection for hypervirulent clones with inactivated CovRS system. Still, inactivating mutations in covS were a common genetic feature of @entity9829 and the MGAS5005-like isolate 5448AP. Abolished expression of the @entity462 proteinase SpeB, due to CovRS inactivation could be a common cause for hypervirulence of the two isolates. Moreover, an additional protein H-coding gene and a mutation in the regulator gene rofA distinguished @entity9829 form other M1 isolates. In conclusion, hypervirulence of @entity4195 M1 in @entity19 is not limited to the MGAS5005-like genotype.

title: Comparative Genomics of @entity4195 M1 isolates differing in virulence and propensity to cause XXXX in @entity19 .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['systemic infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4195 serotype M1 is a frequent cause of severe @entity281 in @entity1 . Some M1 isolates are pathogenic in @entity19 and used in studies on @entity281 pathogenesis. We observed marked differences in @entity19 @entity281 caused by M1 strain SF370, 5448, 5448AP or @entity9829 which prompted us to sequence the whole genome of isolates 5448 and @entity9829 for comparative analysis. Strain 5448 is known to acquire inactivating mutations in the CovRS two-component system during @entity19 @entity281 , producing hypervirulent progeny such as 5448AP. Isolates @entity9829 and 5448AP, more than 5448, caused disseminating @entity281 that became systemic and lethal. SF370 was not pathogenic. Phages caused gross genetic differences and increased the gene content of @entity9829 by 8% as compared to 5448 and SF370. Each of six examined M1 genomes contained two CRISPR-Cas systems. Phage insertion destroyed a type II CRISPR-Cas system in @entity9829 and other strains of serotypes M1, M3, M6 and M24, but not in M1 strains 5448, SF370, MGAS5005, A20 or M1 476. A resulting impaired defence against invading genetic elements could have led to the wealth of phages in @entity9829 . @entity9829 lacks genetic features of the MGAS5005-like clonal complex including the streptodornase that drives selection for hypervirulent clones with inactivated CovRS system. Still, inactivating mutations in covS were a common genetic feature of @entity9829 and the MGAS5005-like isolate 5448AP. Abolished expression of the @entity462 proteinase SpeB, due to CovRS inactivation could be a common cause for hypervirulence of the two isolates. Moreover, an additional protein H-coding gene and a mutation in the regulator gene rofA distinguished @entity9829 form other M1 isolates. In conclusion, hypervirulence of @entity4195 M1 in @entity19 is not limited to the MGAS5005-like genotype.

title: Comparative Genomics of @entity4195 M1 isolates differing in virulence and propensity to cause @entity281 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Behavioral interventions to reduce @entity146 depend on strong health behavior theory. By identifying the psychosocial variables that lead causally to sexual risk, theories provide interventionists with a guide for how to change behavior. However, empirical research is critical to determining whether a particular theory adequately explains @entity146 . A large body of cross-sectional evidence, which has been reviewed elsewhere, supports the notion that certain theory-based constructs (e.g., self-efficacy) are correlates of @entity146 . However, given the limitations of inferring causality from correlational research, it is essential that we review the evidence from more methodologically rigorous studies (i.e., longitudinal and experimental designs). This systematic review identified 44 longitudinal studies in which investigators attempted to predict sexual risk from psychosocial variables over time. We also found 134 experimental studies (i.e., randomized controlled trials of @entity645 interventions), but of these only 9 (6.7  %) report the results of mediation analyses that might provide evidence for the validity of health behavior theories in predicting @entity146 . Results show little convergent support across both types of studies for most traditional, theoretical predictors of @entity146 . This suggests that the field must expand the body of empirical work that utilizes the most rigorous study designs to test our theoretical assumptions. The inconsistent results of existing research would indicate that current theoretical models of @entity146 are inadequate, and may require expansion or adaptation.

title: Do Behavioral Scientists Really Understand XXXX -Related Sexual Risk Behavior? A Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Experimental Studies Predicting Sexual Behavior.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual risk behavior', 'sexual behavior']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the relationship between periprostatic fat thickness on @entity263 using radical prostatectomy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included 190 @entity1 (mean age [   SD], 66.9    7.0 years) who underwent MRI before radical prostatectomy. Two radiologists measured the subcutaneous and periprostatic fat thickness on midsagittal T2-weighted MR images as the shortest perpendicular distance from the pubic symphysis to the skin and prostate, respectively. Subcutaneous and periprostatic fat along with age, height, weight, body mass index, and @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) were correlated with Gleason score by using Pearson (r) or Spearman (  ) correlation coefficients and compared between low- (Gleason score = 6) and high- (>=  7) grade @entity263 by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS. The mean subcutaneous and periprostatic fat thicknesses were 24.0    8.4 mm and 5.0    2.0 mm, respectively. The Gleason score was significantly correlated with age (   = 0.181, p = 0.012), @entity1486 (   = 0.345, p < 0.001), and periprostatic fat thickness (   = 0.228, p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, height, @entity1486 level, and periprostatic fat thickness (odds ratio, 1.331; 95% CI, 1.063-1.666) were independently predictive of high-grade (p  <= 0.013) disease. CONCLUSION. Periprostatic fat thickness on MRI showed a mild to modest but significant correlation with @entity263 with radical prostatectomy as the reference standard and was an independent predictive factor for high-grade @entity263 .

title: Periprostatic Fat Thickness on MRI: Correlation With Gleason Score in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Gleason score of prostate cancer', 'MRI and Gleason score of prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if anaerobic performance as measured by the Wingate is decremented in elite female athletes when fraction of inspired @entity26 is decreased from 20.9% to 10%. METHOD: Nine collegiate female soccer players (Mweight  =  63.2      10  kg, Mheight  =  164      4.7  cm, Mage  =  18.6      0.5 year) performed 1 Wingate test under each condition separated by at least 24  hr. @entity26 consumption was measured breath by breath using a Sensor-Medics metabolic cart. Postexercise blood lactates were measured using the finger-stick method. During normoxic and @entity519 (10% inspired @entity26 [ @entity3612 ]) conditions, @entity1 inhaled air from a 300-L weather balloon during the 30-s test. RESULTS: Peak power, minimum power, average power, postexercise blood @entity880 , preexercise and postexercise blood @entity3612 saturation, and total @entity3612 consumed during exercise and during recovery were not statistically different between conditions. However, the Fatigue Index and peak ventilation were significantly greater during @entity519 than normoxia (35      11% vs. 27      9% _ 91.6      14.2  L/min vs. 75.2      11.1  L/min, respectively, p  <  .05, Cohen's d  =  -  0.80 and -  1.29, respectively). Ventilation was elevated during @entity519 within 5  s of beginning the Wingate and remained elevated throughout exercise. This increased ventilation was sufficient to maintain @entity26 consumption during exercise. CONCLUSION: Under @entity519 conditions, the ventilatory response to the Wingate test is perhaps more important than aerobic capacity per se in determining whether or not Wingate performance is decremented.

title: Elite Female Athletes' Ventilatory Compensation to Decreased Inspired XXXX During the Wingate Test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity3612 :: (D013481,Chemical) :: ['O2']


abstract: The association of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ), @entity1952 ( @entity1952 ) and @entity1274 (D) is known as @entity19278 or @entity19278 . Aside from these four cardinal features, a wide variety of @entity3002 , urinary tract and endocrine glands have been described in this syndrome. In this report, the clinical features of six @entity1 with @entity19278 are presented. All six @entity1 had @entity6 . Five of the six @entity1 had @entity2010 , five @entity1952 and five displayed abnormal audiogram findings. In addition, two had @entity5651 , two delayed puberty, one @entity410 and one @entity1032 with @entity308 attacks. Urinary tract dilatation was recorded in five @entity1 . Four @entity1 developed typical complications of @entity6 . One of them had overt @entity8 and @entity2720 despite the short duration of @entity6 . In addition, this @entity1 had @entity6 , which is considered to be rare in this syndrome.

title: Various clinical aspects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity19278 :: ('MESH:D014929', 'Disease') :: ['DIDMOAD', 'Wolfram syndrome', 'DIDMOAD syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy', 'juvenile diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity19278 :: (MESH:D014929,Disease) :: ['DIDMOAD (Wolfram) syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an emerging treatment for @entity1318 . @entity86 has been found in a significant number of @entity1 , but it is unknown whether subjective reports of reflux correlate with objective pH testing. The purpose of this study was to compare the objective rate of reflux with standardized reflux symptom scales after POEM. Our hypothesis was that subjective symptoms would not correlate with objective measurement of reflux. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Data on all @entity1 undergoing POEM were collected prospectively between August 2012 and June 2014 and included demographics, objective testing (48-h pH probe, manometry, endoscopy), as well as @entity354 ( @entity354 ), GERD symptom scale (GERSS), and antacid use. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 underwent POEM during the study period. The mean age was 53.5      17.4  years with a BMI of 29.6      8.4  kg/m(2), and 27 (63%) were male. Forty-two @entity1 (98%) completed at least 6  months of follow-up, and 26 (60%) underwent repeat pH measurement. @entity1282 scores improved from 4 (0-5) at baseline to 0 (0-3) (p  <  0.001). On follow-up pH testing, 11 (42%) were normal and 15 (58%) had elevated DeMeester scores. Postoperative GERSS or @entity354 scores did not correlate with DeMeester scores on Spearman's rank-order tests (r  =  0.02, p  =  0.93 and r  =  0.04, p  =  0.50, respectively). Postoperative PPI use was not significantly associated with normal or abnormal pH testing: 5 of 7 (71%) @entity1 who were taking PPIs postoperatively had abnormal DeMeester scores compared to 9 of 18 (50%) of @entity1 who were not taking PPIs (p  =  0.332). CONCLUSIONS: Peroral endoscopic myotomy provides excellent @entity1282 relief for @entity1 with @entity1318 , but is associated with a high rate of reflux on pH testing postoperatively. Subjective symptoms are not a reliable indicator of postoperative reflux. Routine pH testing should be considered in all @entity1 following POEM.

title: XXXX do not correlate with objective pH testing after peroral endoscopic myotomy.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'esophageal achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative reflux']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life', 'GERD-HRQL']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the clinical relevance of nocebo effects, few studies have addressed their underlying neural mechanisms in clinically-relevant @entity158 models. We aimed to address the contribution of nocebo effects and their underlying neural circuitry to central @entity158 , as it may develop over repeated @entity158 experiences due to negative @entity158 -related expectations. Healthy volunteers received verbal suggestions of @entity158 sensitization (nocebo group, N=28) or neutral instructions (control group, N=16). fMRI was used to investigate changes in neural responses during cued @entity158 anticipation and @entity158 delivered in successive fMRI sessions. @entity158 intensity was rated trial-by-trial, and expected @entity158 intensity, state @entity148 and @entity2701 were assessed prior to each session. Behavioral analyses demonstrated significantly greater increases in both expected and perceived @entity158 in the nocebo group. The fMRI analysis performed on nocebo-responders only (N=14) revealed that these behavioral changes were associated with increased activation within the secondary somatosensory cortex and amygdala during @entity158 and amygdala during @entity158 stimulation when compared to controls. A subsequent psycho-physiological interaction analysis of the @entity158 phase showed increased functional connectivity between the anterior insula, which was set-up as seed region based on group results, and midcingulate cortex as a function of negative expectations. These findings support that negative @entity158 -related expectations can play a crucial role in @entity158 amplification of @entity3825 , which is mediated, at least in part, by a neural up-regulation of @entity158 and their connectivity. These findings may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic @entity490 .

title: Neural underpinnings of nocebo hyperalgesia in XXXX : A fMRI study in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful rectal distensions', 'pain amplification in visceral pain', 'pain-associated areas', 'Pain', 'pain', 'pain anticipation and within the thalamus, insula', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3825 :: (MESH:D059265,Disease) :: ['visceral pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: To investigate the variations in the recurrence patterns of @entity5 according to lymph node involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 170 @entity1 who had undergone type III radical hysterectomy and systematic lymphadenectomy from 1993 to 2007. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 in the study group, 115 did not have lymph node metastases, whereas 55 did. A total of 27 @entity1 developed recurrences. Twelve were in the lymph node-negative group, and 15 were in the lymph node-positive group. The recurrence rate was higher in lymph node-positive group (27.3% versus 10.4%, P = 0.011). The recurrence pattern was not affected by lymph node involvement. However, distant recurrence was more common in the lymph node-positive group (53.3% versus 25%, P = 0.137). Additionally, distant failure was observed only in the @entity1 in the lymph node-negative group who received adjuvant radiotherapy. In this group, 3 @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy developed recurrences only in the pelvic region. CONCLUSION: The presence of lymph node @entity5 does not affect the site of recurrence. However, distant recurrence was more frequent in the lymph node-positive group.

title: Does lymph node involvement affect the patterns of recurrence in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['involvement in stage IB cervical cancer', 'stage IB cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage IB cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: In the treatment of @entity302 , encouraging results have been achieved with surgical treatment, especially for @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). Drug resistance must be diagnosed as early as possible, because the ensuing @entity410 can be eliminated surgically via temporal lobe surgery in a high percentage (70%-90%) of @entity1 . In this study we share our experience, in a single institution, of surgical treatment of intractable @entity1315 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2006 and November 2010 we performed 127 corticoamygdalohippocampectomy (CAH) procedures. All CAH surgical procedures were done as described by Niemeyer's technique. Resection lengths were 4-4.5 cm from the temporal pole. RESULTS: At the end of 24 months, 79.7% (n = 94) @entity1 were still on antiepileptic medications, with 55 of them on a decreased number or dose of drugs, and 20.3 (n = 24) patients were antiepileptic drug-free. Postoperative Engel's classes were 1, 2, and 3 in 87.2%, 5.08%, and 7.6%, respectively. There was no mortality in follow-up, and @entity2026 in 1 @entity1 (0.84%) was the only morbidity. CONCLUSION: In our series we found that the outcome of surgery is associated with careful @entity1 selection, which requires a detailed investigation of the @entity1 . Our final conclusion is that outcome scores are independent of age, pathology, or sex but are dependent on correct @entity1 selection.

title: Surgery for intractable XXXX : experience of a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The practice of @entity0 and treatment in China varies to that in western developed countries. With the unavailability of radioactive tracer technique for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), using blue dye alone has been the only option in China. Also, the diagnosis of @entity0 in most Chinese centres heavily relies on intraoperative instant frozen histology which is normally followed by sentinel lymph nodes mapping, @entity1600 and the potential breast and axillary operations in one consecutive session. This practice appears to cause a high false negative rate (FNR) for @entity1600 . The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the current practice in China on the accuracy of @entity1600 , and whether partial axillary lymph node dissection (PALND), dissection of lymph nodes @entity129 (ICBN), was a good complementary procedure following @entity1600 using blue dye. METHODS: 289 @entity1 with clinically node-negative @entity0 were identified and recruited. Tumorectomy, intraoperative instant frozen histological diagnosis, @entity1600 using @entity6693 dye, and PALND or complete @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) were performed in one consecutive operative session. The choice of @entity1600 only, @entity1600 followed by PALND or by @entity1817 was based on the pre-determined protocol and preoperative choice by the @entity1 . Clinical parameters were analyzed and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: 37  % @entity1 with clinically negative nodes were found nodes positive. 59 @entity1 with positive SLN underwent @entity1817 , including 47 @entity1 with up to two positive nodes which were all located inferior to the ICBN. 9 @entity1 had failed @entity1600 and underwent PALND. Among them, 3 (33.3  %) @entity1 were found to have one metastatic node. 149 @entity1 showed negative @entity1600 but chose PALND. Among them, 30 (20.1  %), 14 (9.4) and 1 (0.7  %) @entity1 were found to have one, two and three metastatic node(s), respectively. PALND detected 48 (30.4  %) @entity1 who had either failed @entity1600 or negative @entity1600 to have additional positive nodes. All the @entity1 with up to two positive nodes had their nodes located inferior to the ICBN. The FNR of @entity1600 was 43  %. The accuracy rate was 58  %. The follow-up ranged 12-33 months. The incidence of @entity4269 for @entity1600 , PALND, and @entity1817 was 0  %, 0  %, and 25.4  %, respectively (P   <   0.005). The disease-free survivals for @entity1600 , PALND, and @entity1817 groups were 95.8  %, 96.8  %, and 94.9  %, respectively (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Under the circumstances of current practice in China, PALND is a good complementary procedure following @entity1600 in clinically node-negative @entity0 .

title: Partial axillary lymph node dissection inferior to the @entity129 complements sentinel node biopsy in @entity1 with clinically node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior to the intercostobrachial nerve']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer', 'breast malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph nodes biopsy', 'SLNB']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['axillary node dissection', 'ALND']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The practice of @entity0 and treatment in China varies to that in western developed countries. With the unavailability of radioactive tracer technique for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), using blue dye alone has been the only option in China. Also, the diagnosis of @entity0 in most Chinese centres heavily relies on intraoperative instant frozen histology which is normally followed by sentinel lymph nodes mapping, @entity1600 and the potential breast and axillary operations in one consecutive session. This practice appears to cause a high false negative rate (FNR) for @entity1600 . The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the current practice in China on the accuracy of @entity1600 , and whether partial axillary lymph node dissection (PALND), dissection of lymph nodes @entity129 (ICBN), was a good complementary procedure following @entity1600 using blue dye. METHODS: 289 @entity1 with clinically node-negative @entity0 were identified and recruited. Tumorectomy, intraoperative instant frozen histological diagnosis, @entity1600 using @entity6693 dye, and PALND or complete @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) were performed in one consecutive operative session. The choice of @entity1600 only, @entity1600 followed by PALND or by @entity1817 was based on the pre-determined protocol and preoperative choice by the @entity1 . Clinical parameters were analyzed and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: 37  % @entity1 with clinically negative nodes were found nodes positive. 59 @entity1 with positive SLN underwent @entity1817 , including 47 @entity1 with up to two positive nodes which were all located inferior to the ICBN. 9 @entity1 had failed @entity1600 and underwent PALND. Among them, 3 (33.3  %) @entity1 were found to have one metastatic node. 149 @entity1 showed negative @entity1600 but chose PALND. Among them, 30 (20.1  %), 14 (9.4) and 1 (0.7  %) @entity1 were found to have one, two and three metastatic node(s), respectively. PALND detected 48 (30.4  %) @entity1 who had either failed @entity1600 or negative @entity1600 to have additional positive nodes. All the @entity1 with up to two positive nodes had their nodes located inferior to the ICBN. The FNR of @entity1600 was 43  %. The accuracy rate was 58  %. The follow-up ranged 12-33 months. The incidence of @entity4269 for @entity1600 , PALND, and @entity1817 was 0  %, 0  %, and 25.4  %, respectively (P   <   0.005). The disease-free survivals for @entity1600 , PALND, and @entity1817 groups were 95.8  %, 96.8  %, and 94.9  %, respectively (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Under the circumstances of current practice in China, PALND is a good complementary procedure following @entity1600 in clinically node-negative @entity0 .

title: Partial axillary lymph node dissection inferior to the XXXX complements sentinel node biopsy in @entity1 with clinically node-negative @entity0 .

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['intercostobrachial nerves']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The practice of @entity0 and treatment in China varies to that in western developed countries. With the unavailability of radioactive tracer technique for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), using blue dye alone has been the only option in China. Also, the diagnosis of @entity0 in most Chinese centres heavily relies on intraoperative instant frozen histology which is normally followed by sentinel lymph nodes mapping, @entity1600 and the potential breast and axillary operations in one consecutive session. This practice appears to cause a high false negative rate (FNR) for @entity1600 . The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the current practice in China on the accuracy of @entity1600 , and whether partial axillary lymph node dissection (PALND), dissection of lymph nodes @entity129 (ICBN), was a good complementary procedure following @entity1600 using blue dye. METHODS: 289 @entity1 with clinically node-negative @entity0 were identified and recruited. Tumorectomy, intraoperative instant frozen histological diagnosis, @entity1600 using @entity6693 dye, and PALND or complete @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) were performed in one consecutive operative session. The choice of @entity1600 only, @entity1600 followed by PALND or by @entity1817 was based on the pre-determined protocol and preoperative choice by the @entity1 . Clinical parameters were analyzed and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: 37  % @entity1 with clinically negative nodes were found nodes positive. 59 @entity1 with positive SLN underwent @entity1817 , including 47 @entity1 with up to two positive nodes which were all located inferior to the ICBN. 9 @entity1 had failed @entity1600 and underwent PALND. Among them, 3 (33.3  %) @entity1 were found to have one metastatic node. 149 @entity1 showed negative @entity1600 but chose PALND. Among them, 30 (20.1  %), 14 (9.4) and 1 (0.7  %) @entity1 were found to have one, two and three metastatic node(s), respectively. PALND detected 48 (30.4  %) @entity1 who had either failed @entity1600 or negative @entity1600 to have additional positive nodes. All the @entity1 with up to two positive nodes had their nodes located inferior to the ICBN. The FNR of @entity1600 was 43  %. The accuracy rate was 58  %. The follow-up ranged 12-33 months. The incidence of @entity4269 for @entity1600 , PALND, and @entity1817 was 0  %, 0  %, and 25.4  %, respectively (P   <   0.005). The disease-free survivals for @entity1600 , PALND, and @entity1817 groups were 95.8  %, 96.8  %, and 94.9  %, respectively (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Under the circumstances of current practice in China, PALND is a good complementary procedure following @entity1600 in clinically node-negative @entity0 .

title: Partial axillary lymph node dissection inferior to the @entity129 complements sentinel node biopsy in XXXX with clinically node-negative @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined the sex difference concerning the coronary artery response between @entity3451 and ER in this study. We already reported the difference of coronary response between @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) and @entity3693 (ER). We performed both @entity3451 and ER tests of 461 @entity1 (male 294 @entity1 , female 167 @entity1 , mean age 64.4      11.3  years) during 23  years. Positive @entity3361 was defined as >99  % transient luminal narrowing with usual @entity662 and/or ischemic ECG changes. Firstly, @entity3451 was administered in incremental doses of 20/50/(80)   g into the RCA and 20/50/100/(200)   g into the LCA over 20  s. Secondly, ER was administered in a total dose of 40   g into the RCA and of 64   g into the LCA over 2-4  min. Intracoronary injection of @entity3451 and ER provoked @entity2473 in 221 @entity1 consisting of 160 male @entity1 and 61 female @entity1 . In female @entity1 , the @entity2473 provoked by @entity3451 was almost perfect except in two @entity1 (59 @entity1 , 96.7  %), while ER provoked @entity2473 in only 20 @entity1 (32.8  %). In male @entity1 , provoked @entity2473 by @entity3451 (129 @entity1 , 80.6  %) was significantly higher than ER (97 @entity1 , 60.6  %). As a @entity2473 provocation test, @entity3451 is more sensitive than ER in both sexes and especially in females. We may select two pharmacological agents by sex differences to provoke @entity3361 in the cardiac catheterization laboratory in the future.

title: Gender differences in sensitivity of @entity934 and @entity3693 to XXXX provocation test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm', 'coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergonovine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['coronary spasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined the sex difference concerning the coronary artery response between @entity3451 and ER in this study. We already reported the difference of coronary response between @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) and @entity3693 (ER). We performed both @entity3451 and ER tests of 461 @entity1 (male 294 @entity1 , female 167 @entity1 , mean age 64.4      11.3  years) during 23  years. Positive @entity3361 was defined as >99  % transient luminal narrowing with usual @entity662 and/or ischemic ECG changes. Firstly, @entity3451 was administered in incremental doses of 20/50/(80)   g into the RCA and 20/50/100/(200)   g into the LCA over 20  s. Secondly, ER was administered in a total dose of 40   g into the RCA and of 64   g into the LCA over 2-4  min. Intracoronary injection of @entity3451 and ER provoked @entity2473 in 221 @entity1 consisting of 160 male @entity1 and 61 female @entity1 . In female @entity1 , the @entity2473 provoked by @entity3451 was almost perfect except in two @entity1 (59 @entity1 , 96.7  %), while ER provoked @entity2473 in only 20 @entity1 (32.8  %). In male @entity1 , provoked @entity2473 by @entity3451 (129 @entity1 , 80.6  %) was significantly higher than ER (97 @entity1 , 60.6  %). As a @entity2473 provocation test, @entity3451 is more sensitive than ER in both sexes and especially in females. We may select two pharmacological agents by sex differences to provoke @entity3361 in the cardiac catheterization laboratory in the future.

title: Gender differences in sensitivity of XXXX and @entity3693 to @entity3361 provocation test.

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined the sex difference concerning the coronary artery response between @entity3451 and ER in this study. We already reported the difference of coronary response between @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) and @entity3693 (ER). We performed both @entity3451 and ER tests of 461 @entity1 (male 294 @entity1 , female 167 @entity1 , mean age 64.4      11.3  years) during 23  years. Positive @entity3361 was defined as >99  % transient luminal narrowing with usual @entity662 and/or ischemic ECG changes. Firstly, @entity3451 was administered in incremental doses of 20/50/(80)   g into the RCA and 20/50/100/(200)   g into the LCA over 20  s. Secondly, ER was administered in a total dose of 40   g into the RCA and of 64   g into the LCA over 2-4  min. Intracoronary injection of @entity3451 and ER provoked @entity2473 in 221 @entity1 consisting of 160 male @entity1 and 61 female @entity1 . In female @entity1 , the @entity2473 provoked by @entity3451 was almost perfect except in two @entity1 (59 @entity1 , 96.7  %), while ER provoked @entity2473 in only 20 @entity1 (32.8  %). In male @entity1 , provoked @entity2473 by @entity3451 (129 @entity1 , 80.6  %) was significantly higher than ER (97 @entity1 , 60.6  %). As a @entity2473 provocation test, @entity3451 is more sensitive than ER in both sexes and especially in females. We may select two pharmacological agents by sex differences to provoke @entity3361 in the cardiac catheterization laboratory in the future.

title: Gender differences in sensitivity of @entity934 and XXXX to @entity3361 provocation test.

answer: @entity3693 :: (MESH:D004874,Chemical) :: ['ergonovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article reports on the findings of the effect of two structured exercise interventions on secondary cognitive outcomes that were gathered as part of the Progressive Resistance Exercise Training in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) randomized, controlled trial. METHODS: This study was a prospective, parallel-group, single-center trial. Fifty-one nondemented @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity191 were randomly assigned either to modified Fitness Counts (mFC) or to Progressive Resistance Exercise Training (PRET) and were followed for 24 months. Cognitive outcomes were the Digit Span, Stroop, and Brief Test of Attention (BTA). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 in mFC and 20 @entity1 in PRET completed the trial. At 12 and at 24 months, no differences between groups were observed. At 12 months, relative to baseline, mFC improved on the Digit Span (estimated change: 0.3; interquartile range: 0, 0.7; P   =   0.04) and Stroop (0.3; 0, 0.6; P   =   0.04), and PRET improved only on the Digit Span (0.7; 0.3, 1; P   <   0.01). At 24 months, relative to baseline, mFC improved on the Digit Span (0.7; 0.3, 1.7; P   <   0.01) and Stroop (0.3; 0.1, 0.5; P   =   0.03), whereas PRET improved on the Digit Span (0.5; 0.2, 0.8; P   <   0.01), Stroop (0.2; -0.1, 0.6; P   =   0.048), and BTA (0.3; 0, 0.8; P   =   0.048). No neurological or cognitive adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides class IV level of evidence that 24 months of PRET or mFC may improve @entity2414 in nondemented @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity191 .    2015 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Exercise improves cognition in XXXX : The PRET- @entity191 randomized, clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['attention and working memory']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article reports on the findings of the effect of two structured exercise interventions on secondary cognitive outcomes that were gathered as part of the Progressive Resistance Exercise Training in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) randomized, controlled trial. METHODS: This study was a prospective, parallel-group, single-center trial. Fifty-one nondemented @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity191 were randomly assigned either to modified Fitness Counts (mFC) or to Progressive Resistance Exercise Training (PRET) and were followed for 24 months. Cognitive outcomes were the Digit Span, Stroop, and Brief Test of Attention (BTA). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 in mFC and 20 @entity1 in PRET completed the trial. At 12 and at 24 months, no differences between groups were observed. At 12 months, relative to baseline, mFC improved on the Digit Span (estimated change: 0.3; interquartile range: 0, 0.7; P   =   0.04) and Stroop (0.3; 0, 0.6; P   =   0.04), and PRET improved only on the Digit Span (0.7; 0.3, 1; P   <   0.01). At 24 months, relative to baseline, mFC improved on the Digit Span (0.7; 0.3, 1.7; P   <   0.01) and Stroop (0.3; 0.1, 0.5; P   =   0.03), whereas PRET improved on the Digit Span (0.5; 0.2, 0.8; P   <   0.01), Stroop (0.2; -0.1, 0.6; P   =   0.048), and BTA (0.3; 0, 0.8; P   =   0.048). No neurological or cognitive adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides class IV level of evidence that 24 months of PRET or mFC may improve @entity2414 in nondemented @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity191 .    2015 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Exercise improves cognition in @entity191 : The PRET- XXXX randomized, clinical trial.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['PD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wireless pH-monitoring is an accurate method for diagnosing adults with @entity354 ( @entity354 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Bravo capsule on @entity1 investigated for @entity354 in terms of safety, tolerability and feasibility before and after administration of proton pump inhibitors. METHODS: A Bravo capsule was inserted during upper endoscopy under general anaesthesia or deep sedation with @entity1875 . 48-hour pH-metry was performed in 106 @entity1 (50 males, 56 females) at the median age of 11  years (range 17  months-18  years). On the second day of investigation, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was given at a mean dose of 1.6  mg/kg (SD   0.6  mg). The definition of @entity354 was set to a reflux index (RI) of >= 5% and DeMeester score (DMS) >= 14.7. RESULTS: Application of the capsule was successful in 103 of the 106 @entity1 (97.2%) and interpretable in 99 of these 103 (96.1%). 49 of the @entity1 with interpretable results (49.5%) had @entity354 according to RI, while 51 (56.7%) had @entity354 according to DMS. After PPI was given on day 2, RI decreased from a median of 4.9% (range 0.3-63.4%) to 2.2% (0-58.0%), while DMS decreased from a median of 17.6 (range 2.2-207.6) to 8.2 (0.3-178.6), respectively (p <   0.0001). No severe adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Wireless pH-metry is a safe and tolerable method when investigating @entity1 for @entity354 . PPI given on the second day of assessment provides additional information on response to treatment suggesting that pH-metry preferably should be extended to 48  hours.

title: Clinical value of wireless pH-monitoring of gastro-esophageal reflux in XXXX before and after proton pump inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIMS: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) is a well-known outcome predictor in @entity1 with @entity340 . Limited data are available regarding the evaluation of right ventricular (RV) performance, particularly in @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity472 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, determinants, and prognostic significance of @entity67 in severe @entity472 independently from the strategy of treatment chosen. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred @entity1 (mean age: 79.9    8.8 years) with severe @entity472 underwent two-dimensional and speckle tracking echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) and RV functions, aortic valve gradients, and sPAP. A @entity299 ( @entity299 )  <=17 mm defined @entity67 . @entity67 was detected in 48 @entity1 (24%). At multivariable regression analysis, @entity1002 (r = -0.29, P = 0.001), mean aortic gradient (r = 0.25, P = 0.002), and LV ejection fraction (r = 0.18, P = 0.02) were well correlated with @entity299 . After a median 16-month follow-up, @entity65 occurred in 17 @entity1 . At multivariate Cox regression analysis, @entity409 ( @entity299  <=17 mm and LVEF  <=50%) emerged as the strongest predictor of prognosis (hazard ratio 4.08, 95% confidence interval 1.36-12.22; P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: @entity67 is common in @entity472 @entity1 , and this finding can likely be accounted for by the RV-LV interdependence. Given that biventricular function impairment was a strong predictor of mortality in our population, we suggest that @entity67 should be systematically looked for in @entity472 @entity1 .

title: Prevalence and prognostic value of right XXXX in severe @entity472 .

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['TAPSE', 'tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV global longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: AIMS: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) is a well-known outcome predictor in @entity1 with @entity340 . Limited data are available regarding the evaluation of right ventricular (RV) performance, particularly in @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity472 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, determinants, and prognostic significance of @entity67 in severe @entity472 independently from the strategy of treatment chosen. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred @entity1 (mean age: 79.9    8.8 years) with severe @entity472 underwent two-dimensional and speckle tracking echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) and RV functions, aortic valve gradients, and sPAP. A @entity299 ( @entity299 )  <=17 mm defined @entity67 . @entity67 was detected in 48 @entity1 (24%). At multivariable regression analysis, @entity1002 (r = -0.29, P = 0.001), mean aortic gradient (r = 0.25, P = 0.002), and LV ejection fraction (r = 0.18, P = 0.02) were well correlated with @entity299 . After a median 16-month follow-up, @entity65 occurred in 17 @entity1 . At multivariate Cox regression analysis, @entity409 ( @entity299  <=17 mm and LVEF  <=50%) emerged as the strongest predictor of prognosis (hazard ratio 4.08, 95% confidence interval 1.36-12.22; P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: @entity67 is common in @entity472 @entity1 , and this finding can likely be accounted for by the RV-LV interdependence. Given that biventricular function impairment was a strong predictor of mortality in our population, we suggest that @entity67 should be systematically looked for in @entity472 @entity1 .

title: Prevalence and prognostic value of right @entity67 in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in healthcare service utilization among @entity1 with @entity5 participating in a nurse-led psychoeducational intervention.   . DESIGN: Secondary analysis of trial data.   . SETTING: Four Michigan @entity5 centers.    . SAMPLE: 484 @entity1 with @entity5 .    . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to three groups. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Study arm (brief, extensive, or control), @entity2613 visitation (one or more times versus none), inpatient hospitalizations (one or more times versus none), and covariates.   . FINDINGS: No significant differences in @entity2613 or inpatient hospitalizations were observed among study arms. @entity2613 were more frequent for @entity1 with lung or @entity14 , more comorbidities, and lower baseline QOL. Baseline QOL was associated with inpatient hospitalizations in the adjusted analysis.   . CONCLUSIONS: The psychoeducational intervention, either in brief or extensive format, is unlikely to increase healthcare service utilization.   . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Efficacious nurse-led psychoeducational interventions to improve QOL do not place undue burdens on the healthcare system and may improve care.   .

title: Effect of a Nurse-Led Psychoeducational Intervention on Healthcare Service Utilization Among Adults    With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: Importance: The Society for Vascular Surgery recommends annual surveillance with computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography after endovascular @entity449 repair (EVAR) for @entity1028 . However, such lifelong surveillance may be unnecessary for most @entity1 , thereby contributing to overuse of imaging services. Objective: To investigate whether nonadherence to Society for Vascular Surgery-recommended surveillance guidelines worsens long-term outcomes after EVAR among Medicare beneficiaries. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : We collected data from Medicare claims from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2011. A total of 9503 @entity1 covered by fee-for-service Medicare who underwent EVAR from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2005, were categorized as receiving complete or incomplete surveillance. We performed logistic regressions controlling for @entity1 demographic and hospital characteristics. @entity1 were then matched by propensity score with adjusting for all demographic variables, including age, sex, race, Medicaid eligibility, residential status, hospital volume, @entity1755 , and all preexisting comorbidities. We then calculated differences in long-term outcomes after EVAR between adjusted groups. Data analysis was performed from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2011. Main Outcomes and Measures: Post-EVAR imaging modality, @entity439 -related mortality, late @entity397 , and complications. Results: Median follow-up duration was 6.1 years. Incomplete surveillance was observed in 5526 of 9695 @entity1 (57.0%) who survived the initial hospital stay at a mean (SD) of 5.2 (2.9) years after EVAR. After propensity matching, our cohort consisted of 7888 @entity1 , among whom 3944 (50.0%) had incomplete surveillance. For those in the matched cohort, @entity1 with incomplete surveillance had a lower incidence of late @entity397 (26 of 3944 [0.7%] vs 57 of 3944 [1.4%]; P   =   .001) and major or minor reinterventions (46 of 3944 [1.2%] vs 246 of 3944 [6.2%]; P   <   .001) in unadjusted analysis. Aneurysm-related mortality was not statistically different between groups (13 of 3944 [0.3%] vs 24 of 3944 [0.6%]; P   =   .07). In adjusted analysis of postoperative outcomes controlling for all @entity1 and hospital factors by the tenth postoperative year, @entity1 in the incomplete surveillance group experienced lower rates of total complications (2.1% vs 14.0%; P   <   .001), late @entity397 (1.1% vs 5.3%; P   <   .001), major or minor reinterventions (1.4% vs 10.0%; P   <   .001), @entity439 -related mortality (0.4% vs 1.3%; P   <   .001), and all-cause mortality (30.9% vs 68.8%, P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: Nonadherence to the Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for post-EVAR imaging was not associated with poor outcomes, suggesting that, in many @entity1 , less frequent surveillance is not associated with worse outcomes. Improved criteria for defining optimal surveillance will achieve higher value in @entity439 care.

title: Postoperative Surveillance and Long-term Outcomes After XXXX Repair Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Endovascular Aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a pursuit to develop a commercially exploitable and traceable gene delivery vehicle, here, we develop next generation @entity505 nanoparticle-DNA complex (CNPLex). CNPLexes were used to transfect green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene containing plasmid DNA (pDNA) pEGFP-N1 targeting @entity0 cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. Prepared CNPs were optimized for particle size, surface potential, polymer surface decoration, absorbance efficiency, fluorescence efficiency, IR spectroscopic signatures, and DNA loading and release efficiencies. Rigorous biophysical methods were employed to determine the variations in physicochemical properties of CNPs after surface decoration with polymers followed by complexation with pDNA. Optimized CNPLexes were used to deliver pEGFP-N1 plasmid and efficiency of GFP was followed by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by flow assisted cell sorting. @entity496 was used as positive control according to manufacturer's protocol and found to be comparative in transfection efficiency with one of our novel formulations. Further evaluation of cell @entity137 and cell viability was performed by LDH activity and @entity98 assay, respectively. It was found that cell @entity137 furnished by polymer decorated @entity505 nanoparticles was significantly low compared to the parent polymer ( @entity12279 , @entity8681 ). Similarly cell viability was found to be much higher with CNPLexes compared to @entity8681 alone. This established the developed particles as better transfecting agents for reporter gene plasmid pEGFP-N1 compared to @entity8681 and showed similar efficacy to one of the best known commercial transfection agents Liofectamine2000 in @entity0 cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB231.

title: Next Generation XXXX Nanoparticles for Efficient Gene Therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipofectamine2000']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To illustrate that @entity9 may be the basis for refractory @entity936 after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: The methodology used is that of a retrospective medical record review of a small case series. RESULTS: Three male @entity1 , aged 30 to 48 years, referred in 2012 for @entity936 refractory to treatment within 1 year of LASIK or LASIK enhancement are reported. Each @entity1 gave history of @entity3856 , light sensitivity, and difficulty with visual activities beginning within 2 months of LASIK or LASIK enhancement. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/15 or 20/20 in each of the six eyes. Tear-centered models and metrics did not explain persistent symptoms, which was consistent with inadequate response to standard @entity936 treatments used before referral and reported here. In vivo confocal microscopy was abnormal at presentation in each case and was followed over time. Treatments undertaken subsequent to referral included autologous serum tears (three cases), PROSE (Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem) treatment (two cases), and systemic agents for @entity158 , @entity148 , or @entity308 (three cases). By the end of 2013, at a mean of 23 months after LASIK or LASIK enhancement, symptoms improved in all three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with persistent @entity936 out of proportion to clinical signs after LASIK have a syndrome that may best be classified as @entity9 . In vivo confocal microscopy can be informative as to the neuropathic basis of this condition. In keeping with current understanding of complex regional @entity158 , early multimodal treatment directed toward reducing peripheral nociceptive signaling is warranted to avoid subsequent centralization and persistence of @entity158 . Distinguishing this syndrome from typical post-LASIK @entity936 remains a challenge.

title: XXXX after LASIK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome', 'dry eye', 'dry eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neuralgia']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Corneal Neuralgia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Elevating the yield and altering the composition of seed @entity4793 (Toc's) are important to rapeseed breeding and production. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of Toc's in response to environmental signals. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous @entity15150 (GA3) and @entity28970 (PAC) on Toc biosynthesis. We also explored the interactive effects between the two plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other factors, such as PGR treatment duration, genotype, and growing location on the total Toc yield and composition in @entity4335 seed. GA3 significantly enhanced the production of Toc's and elevated the a-/y-Toc ratio in a time- and genotype-dependent manner. By contrast, PAC significantly reduced Toc yield. Genotypic differences were observed in the effects of GA3 on Toc yield and composition in the seeds. GA3 significantly increased the Toc yield and a-/y-Toc ratio in Zheyou-50, a genotype with a low proportion of very long chain @entity1718 (VLCFAs). However, GA3 did not significantly influence these parameters in Jiu-Er-13Xi, a genotype with a high VLCFA proportion. The increased Toc yield induced by GA3 was mediated by the upregulation of genes ( @entity71360 and BnVTE1) that catalyze the production of Toc precursors. Therefore, applying GA3 can improve rapeseed quality by increasing Toc yield and improving Toc composition.

title: Effect of XXXX on the Biosynthesis of @entity4793 in @entity4335 ( @entity4335 .) and Arabidopsis.

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['oilseed rape']

entities_list: @entity28970 :: ('MESH:C053370', 'Chemical') :: ['paclobutrazol']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherols']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity15150 :: (CHEBI:28833,Chemical) :: ['Gibberellin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Elevating the yield and altering the composition of seed @entity4793 (Toc's) are important to rapeseed breeding and production. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of Toc's in response to environmental signals. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous @entity15150 (GA3) and @entity28970 (PAC) on Toc biosynthesis. We also explored the interactive effects between the two plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other factors, such as PGR treatment duration, genotype, and growing location on the total Toc yield and composition in @entity4335 seed. GA3 significantly enhanced the production of Toc's and elevated the a-/y-Toc ratio in a time- and genotype-dependent manner. By contrast, PAC significantly reduced Toc yield. Genotypic differences were observed in the effects of GA3 on Toc yield and composition in the seeds. GA3 significantly increased the Toc yield and a-/y-Toc ratio in Zheyou-50, a genotype with a low proportion of very long chain @entity1718 (VLCFAs). However, GA3 did not significantly influence these parameters in Jiu-Er-13Xi, a genotype with a high VLCFA proportion. The increased Toc yield induced by GA3 was mediated by the upregulation of genes ( @entity71360 and BnVTE1) that catalyze the production of Toc precursors. Therefore, applying GA3 can improve rapeseed quality by increasing Toc yield and improving Toc composition.

title: Effect of @entity15150 on the Biosynthesis of @entity4793 in XXXX ( @entity4335 .) and Arabidopsis.

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['Oilseed Rape']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Elevating the yield and altering the composition of seed @entity4793 (Toc's) are important to rapeseed breeding and production. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of Toc's in response to environmental signals. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous @entity15150 (GA3) and @entity28970 (PAC) on Toc biosynthesis. We also explored the interactive effects between the two plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other factors, such as PGR treatment duration, genotype, and growing location on the total Toc yield and composition in @entity4335 seed. GA3 significantly enhanced the production of Toc's and elevated the a-/y-Toc ratio in a time- and genotype-dependent manner. By contrast, PAC significantly reduced Toc yield. Genotypic differences were observed in the effects of GA3 on Toc yield and composition in the seeds. GA3 significantly increased the Toc yield and a-/y-Toc ratio in Zheyou-50, a genotype with a low proportion of very long chain @entity1718 (VLCFAs). However, GA3 did not significantly influence these parameters in Jiu-Er-13Xi, a genotype with a high VLCFA proportion. The increased Toc yield induced by GA3 was mediated by the upregulation of genes ( @entity71360 and BnVTE1) that catalyze the production of Toc precursors. Therefore, applying GA3 can improve rapeseed quality by increasing Toc yield and improving Toc composition.

title: Effect of @entity15150 on the Biosynthesis of @entity4793 in @entity4335 ( XXXX .) and Arabidopsis.

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['Brassica napus L']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Elevating the yield and altering the composition of seed @entity4793 (Toc's) are important to rapeseed breeding and production. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of Toc's in response to environmental signals. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous @entity15150 (GA3) and @entity28970 (PAC) on Toc biosynthesis. We also explored the interactive effects between the two plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other factors, such as PGR treatment duration, genotype, and growing location on the total Toc yield and composition in @entity4335 seed. GA3 significantly enhanced the production of Toc's and elevated the a-/y-Toc ratio in a time- and genotype-dependent manner. By contrast, PAC significantly reduced Toc yield. Genotypic differences were observed in the effects of GA3 on Toc yield and composition in the seeds. GA3 significantly increased the Toc yield and a-/y-Toc ratio in Zheyou-50, a genotype with a low proportion of very long chain @entity1718 (VLCFAs). However, GA3 did not significantly influence these parameters in Jiu-Er-13Xi, a genotype with a high VLCFA proportion. The increased Toc yield induced by GA3 was mediated by the upregulation of genes ( @entity71360 and BnVTE1) that catalyze the production of Toc precursors. Therefore, applying GA3 can improve rapeseed quality by increasing Toc yield and improving Toc composition.

title: Effect of @entity15150 on the Biosynthesis of XXXX in @entity4335 ( @entity4335 .) and Arabidopsis.

answer: @entity4793 :: (MESH:D024505,Chemical) :: ['Tocopherols']


abstract: In this study, an alternative use of @entity11649 (SEV, a cross-linked @entity28378 which is a widely known pharmaceutical compound) was suggested. The existence of primary and secondary @entity1472 groups (with different ratios) in its molecule increases its adsorption potential and use as biosorbent material. SEV was tested as biosorbent material aiming the removal of heavy metals and dyes from simulated effluents. As heavy metals and dyes, @entity6596 ( @entity6596 ) and @entity4482 ( @entity4482 ) were used, respectively. A full adsorption study was done confirming the strong adsorption capability of SEV. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity (Qm) was 772 and 485mg/g for single-component solutions of @entity4482 and @entity6596 , respectively; the respective values for binary mixtures of the same concentration (200mg/L) were 445 and 309mg/g respectively (calculated after fitting to Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model at 25  C). The same experiments were also done at increasing temperatures (45 and 65  C) concluding thermodynamic remarks (  H(0)>0;   G(0)<0;   S(0)>0). The effect of contact time was analyzed running kinetic adsorption experiments and fitting them to pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The reusability was evaluated completing successfully 20 cycles of reuse (adsorption/desorption). The adsorption mechanism among SEV molecules and @entity6596 or/and @entity4482 was clarified using FTIR spectroscopy before and after adsorption in line with a detailed theoretical modeling which provided important calculations. SEV was also characterized using swelling experiments, @entity3991 , SEM, XRD, TGA techniques.

title: Alternative use of cross-linked XXXX (known as Sevelamer pharmaceutical compound) as biosorbent.

entities_list: @entity28378 :: ('MESH:C063994', 'Chemical') :: ['polyallylamine']

entities_list: @entity6596 :: ('MESH:C074702', 'Chemical') :: ['Cr(VI)', 'hexavalent chromium']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['Remazol Brilliant Blue RN', 'RB']

entities_list: @entity11649 :: ('MESH:C405346', 'Chemical') :: ['Sevelamer carbonate']

answer: @entity28378 :: (MESH:C063994,Chemical) :: ['polyallylamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after hospitalisation for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is estimated to below, but specific data for Belgium are lacking. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate attendance after @entity712 hospitalisation compared to @entity1 after cardiac surgery or @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Moreover, the improvement in exercise capacity was compared with the other @entity1 groups. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 who were hospitalized for @entity712 (n=428), cardiac surgery (n=358) or @entity1187 (n=467) in a single hospital, were prospectively included between January 2010 and May 2012. After hospitalisation for @entity712 only 9% participated, compared to 29% after @entity1187 and 56% after cardiac surgery. Non- @entity1 in @entity712 were older, more frequently @entity1 (P <0.01) and had a better left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.05). In addition, they had more frequently @entity955 and problems to walk independently (P <0.01). At the start of the CR, @entity712 @entity1 had a worse clinical status and exercise capacity than @entity1 after cardiac surgery or @entity1187 (all P <0.001). However, exercise training resulted in a significant improvement in each group separately (all P < 0.001) and the relative improvement in exercise capacity in @entity712 was comparable with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Only 9% of @entity712 @entity1 participated in CR after hospitalisation. Age, female gender, a relatively well-preserved ventricular function and @entity955 seem to impede attendance to CR. However, @entity712 @entity1 can have as much improvement in exercise capacity as other @entity1 populations, suggesting that more effort is needed to increase participation in CR among @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation after hospitalisation for XXXX : a report from the BIO- @entity712 registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after hospitalisation for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is estimated to below, but specific data for Belgium are lacking. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate attendance after @entity712 hospitalisation compared to @entity1 after cardiac surgery or @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Moreover, the improvement in exercise capacity was compared with the other @entity1 groups. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 who were hospitalized for @entity712 (n=428), cardiac surgery (n=358) or @entity1187 (n=467) in a single hospital, were prospectively included between January 2010 and May 2012. After hospitalisation for @entity712 only 9% participated, compared to 29% after @entity1187 and 56% after cardiac surgery. Non- @entity1 in @entity712 were older, more frequently @entity1 (P <0.01) and had a better left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.05). In addition, they had more frequently @entity955 and problems to walk independently (P <0.01). At the start of the CR, @entity712 @entity1 had a worse clinical status and exercise capacity than @entity1 after cardiac surgery or @entity1187 (all P <0.001). However, exercise training resulted in a significant improvement in each group separately (all P < 0.001) and the relative improvement in exercise capacity in @entity712 was comparable with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Only 9% of @entity712 @entity1 participated in CR after hospitalisation. Age, female gender, a relatively well-preserved ventricular function and @entity955 seem to impede attendance to CR. However, @entity712 @entity1 can have as much improvement in exercise capacity as other @entity1 populations, suggesting that more effort is needed to increase participation in CR among @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation after hospitalisation for @entity712 : a report from the BIO- XXXX registry.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['HF']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess 1) the effectiveness of male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy for preventing transfusion-related @entity647 and related mortality; and 2) whether this effect varies across different @entity1 subgroups. DESIGN: Systematic Review and meta-analysis: Data were identified by querying MEDLINE and EMBASE (including proceedings of major conferences on blood transfusions), searching the Internet for hemovigilance reports, reviewing reference lists of eligible articles and contacting experts in the field. Eligible were all studies reporting transfusion-related @entity647 incidence, all-cause mortality (primary outcomes), hospital length of stay, time to extubation, PaO2/FIO2-ratio or blood pressure changes (secondary outcomes) in recipients of plasma transfusions containing relatively more plasma from individuals at low risk of carrying leukocyte-antibodies ("male plasma") than those receiving comparator plasma ("control plasma"). No limits were placed on study design, population or language. The only exclusion criteria were non- @entity1 subjects and lack of control group. Prespecified study quality indicators (including risk of bias assessment) and potential effect modifiers were tested using Cochran's Q Test. Final analyses using random-effects models and I2 to assess heterogeneity were performed in the subset of studies judged to provide the best evidence and separately for significantly different subgroups using STATA 12.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). SETTING: As per primary studies. @entity1 /SUBJECTS: As per primary studies. INTERVENTIONS: As per primary studies (generally: exposure to plasma containing relatively more male plasma than comparator plasma). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From a total of 850 retrieved records, we identified 45 eligible studies. For transfusion-related @entity647 incidence, final analysis was restricted to 13 cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial in which transfusion-related @entity647 cases only involved plasma transfusions. Risk of transfusion-related @entity647 and mortality in plasma recipients exposed to @entity1 when compared with control plasma were 0.27 (95% CI, 0.20-0.38; p < 0.001; I = 0%; n = 14; 286 events) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-1.00; p = 0.04; I = 79%; n = 7; 5, 710 events), respectively. No other significant interactions were found. Secondary outcomes showed similar results but were less reported and the studies were more heterogeneous. Sensitivity analyses did not alter the results. There was no evidence of publication bias. DISCUSSION: More than 800 million @entity1 in 17 countries are subject to male-predominant plasma transfusion policy and at least three more countries are planning or considering adoption of this strategy. On the basis of most observational data, judged to be of high quality, male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy reduces plasma-related transfusion-related @entity647 incidence and possibly mortality. There was no evidence that the effect differs across @entity1 subgroups, but power to detect such differences was low.

title: Male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy for preventing transfusion-related XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']