abstract: A sanitary-chemical study on three kinds textile materials with different percentage content of @entity8607 silk (PAS) was carried out. Migration of chemicals was studied - low molecular compounds of @entity12773 (LMC) and @entity24924 in water extracts of the patterns tested. Thin layer chromatographic and spectrophotocalorimetric methods were employed. The summed up content of LMC of @entity12773 was established in the first extracts of 5.0 to 7.0 mg/l for the various kinds of cloth, their proper separation in monomers, dimers, trimers, etc. oligomers being attained by the thin layer chromatographic investigation. Monomer content in the first extracts reaches to 1.15 mg/l, decreasing in the following ones to complete disappearing. At the same time dimers, trimers, etc. oligomers content of @entity12773 progressively increases. The presence of @entity24924 and optical bleachers is established in the extracts investigated. The attention of the producers is drawn to a stronger control, still under production conditions, for washing out the residual quantities of non-polymerized oligomers and other chemicals of synthetic @entity8607 materials, aiming at ensuring harmless and biologically inert clothes.

title: [Migration of chemical substances out of XXXX textile materials].

entities_list: @entity12773 :: ('MESH:D002209', 'Chemical') :: ['caprolactam']

entities_list: @entity8607 :: ('CHEBI:61445', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamide']

entities_list: @entity24924 :: ('MESH:C009546', 'Chemical') :: ['triethanolamine']

answer: @entity8607 :: (CHEBI:61445,Chemical) :: ['polyamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe a hybrid approach to the treatment of @entity2333 after stage 1 palliation (S1P) of @entity1699 . BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity2333 is a common problem after S1P of @entity1699 . Even mild @entity2333 is poorly tolerated so early and definitive therapy is desirable. Although stent implantation is an effective treatment for @entity2333 in older @entity1 and adults, technical issues due to small vessels and concerns regarding future potential for expansion have generally precluded the use of stents in this setting. METHODS: Six @entity1 underwent hybrid aortic reconstruction (HAR) in the operating room or catheterization laboratory, with the interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon working in cooperation. RESULTS: @entity1 had a mean weight of 5.8 kg (2.9-7.7) and a mean age of 5.6 months (0.5-12.9) at the time of HAR. Five @entity1 had undergone prior balloon angioplasty at a mean age of 2.8 months (2.1-3.5), and five had moderately depressed single ventricular function prior to HAR. The balloons used had a diameter of 7-10 mm and introducer sheath size ranged from 6 to 10 F. There were no immediate or late procedure related complications. Stent redilation was performed in 5 @entity1 for relief of recurrent obstruction or to keep pace with somatic growth. At a median follow up of 4.8 years (0.2-7.9), there were 3 @entity1 progressing well after Fontan palliation and 3 deaths. CONCLUSIONS: HAR allows for placement of stents that can ultimately reach adult size in small @entity1 who have recurrent @entity661 following @entity5596 . Advantages include freedom from delivery sheath constraints when determining stent type/size, facilitation of precise stent position, and avoidance of vascular damage or hemodynamic compromise during the procedure. Longer follow-up and larger experience are required to determine if this therapy will provide a long-term solution to this difficult problem.

title: Hybrid aortic reconstruction for treatment of recurrent XXXX after stage 1 single ventricle palliation: medium term outcomes and results of redilation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['aortic obstruction after balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic obstruction']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) of the prostate is an @entity263 found at progression in 10-20% of castrate-resistant disease. Its finding predicts a distinct clinical course and a poor prognosis. @entity152 ( @entity152 ) is a much rarer variant that behaves similarly to @entity4153 . The biological mechanisms that drive these disease variants are poorly understood. METHODS: Eight @entity5 fragments from the salvage pelvic exenteration specimen of a @entity1 with castrate-resistant @entity263 were subcutaneously implanted into 6- to 8-week-old male CB17 @entity915 @entity19 . Serial tissue sections and tissue microarrays of the resulting @entity1865 PCa 144 xenograft lines were used for histopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of the xenografts and their tissue of origin. RNA from two representative xenograft sublines was used for gene-expression profiling. RESULTS: All eight fragments formed @entity5 : four of the @entity1865 PCa 144 xenograft sublines had morphologic characteristics of @entity4153 and four, of @entity152 . All retained high fidelity to their parent @entity5 tissue, which remained stable through serial passages. Morphological transitions in the specimen of origin suggested @entity152 represents an intermediate step between @entity420 and @entity4153 . Over 2,500 genes were differentially expressed between the @entity4153 ( @entity1865 PCa 144-13) and the @entity152 ( @entity1865 PCa 144-4) sublines and enriched in "Nervous System Development" Gene Ontology subtree. CONCLUSION: The eight xenograft models described represent the spectrum of @entity3270 in @entity263 and will be valuable preclinical tools to study the pathogenesis of and therapy targets for this increasingly recognized subset of @entity263 .

title: XXXX xenografts with large-cell and small-cell features derived from a single @entity1 's @entity5 : morphological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression profiles.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['AR-negative variant of prostate cancer', 'lethal prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'Small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['LCNEC', 'Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) of the prostate is an @entity263 found at progression in 10-20% of castrate-resistant disease. Its finding predicts a distinct clinical course and a poor prognosis. @entity152 ( @entity152 ) is a much rarer variant that behaves similarly to @entity4153 . The biological mechanisms that drive these disease variants are poorly understood. METHODS: Eight @entity5 fragments from the salvage pelvic exenteration specimen of a @entity1 with castrate-resistant @entity263 were subcutaneously implanted into 6- to 8-week-old male CB17 @entity915 @entity19 . Serial tissue sections and tissue microarrays of the resulting @entity1865 PCa 144 xenograft lines were used for histopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of the xenografts and their tissue of origin. RNA from two representative xenograft sublines was used for gene-expression profiling. RESULTS: All eight fragments formed @entity5 : four of the @entity1865 PCa 144 xenograft sublines had morphologic characteristics of @entity4153 and four, of @entity152 . All retained high fidelity to their parent @entity5 tissue, which remained stable through serial passages. Morphological transitions in the specimen of origin suggested @entity152 represents an intermediate step between @entity420 and @entity4153 . Over 2,500 genes were differentially expressed between the @entity4153 ( @entity1865 PCa 144-13) and the @entity152 ( @entity1865 PCa 144-4) sublines and enriched in "Nervous System Development" Gene Ontology subtree. CONCLUSION: The eight xenograft models described represent the spectrum of @entity3270 in @entity263 and will be valuable preclinical tools to study the pathogenesis of and therapy targets for this increasingly recognized subset of @entity263 .

title: @entity263 xenografts with large-cell and small-cell features derived from a single @entity1 's XXXX : morphological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression profiles.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) of the prostate is an @entity263 found at progression in 10-20% of castrate-resistant disease. Its finding predicts a distinct clinical course and a poor prognosis. @entity152 ( @entity152 ) is a much rarer variant that behaves similarly to @entity4153 . The biological mechanisms that drive these disease variants are poorly understood. METHODS: Eight @entity5 fragments from the salvage pelvic exenteration specimen of a @entity1 with castrate-resistant @entity263 were subcutaneously implanted into 6- to 8-week-old male CB17 @entity915 @entity19 . Serial tissue sections and tissue microarrays of the resulting @entity1865 PCa 144 xenograft lines were used for histopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of the xenografts and their tissue of origin. RNA from two representative xenograft sublines was used for gene-expression profiling. RESULTS: All eight fragments formed @entity5 : four of the @entity1865 PCa 144 xenograft sublines had morphologic characteristics of @entity4153 and four, of @entity152 . All retained high fidelity to their parent @entity5 tissue, which remained stable through serial passages. Morphological transitions in the specimen of origin suggested @entity152 represents an intermediate step between @entity420 and @entity4153 . Over 2,500 genes were differentially expressed between the @entity4153 ( @entity1865 PCa 144-13) and the @entity152 ( @entity1865 PCa 144-4) sublines and enriched in "Nervous System Development" Gene Ontology subtree. CONCLUSION: The eight xenograft models described represent the spectrum of @entity3270 in @entity263 and will be valuable preclinical tools to study the pathogenesis of and therapy targets for this increasingly recognized subset of @entity263 .

title: @entity263 xenografts with large-cell and small-cell features derived from a single XXXX 's @entity5 : morphological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression profiles.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Antihypertensive drugs reduce @entity65 and mortality. This was demonstrated by controlled clinical trials. While most complications are dramatically reduced it is not certain whether the incidence of @entity583 is decreased by treatment or whether the severity of the @entity1188 is reduced. The prognosis in @entity1 with borderline and mild @entity101 varies widely depending on the number of other risk factors present. @entity1 with mild @entity101 and low risk profiles may not obtain enough benefit from treatment to justify the side effects, inconvenience, and expense of such therapy. Such @entity1 should be individually evaluated as to the need and desirability of treatment. @entity1 who are not treated with drugs should be seen for an annual follow-up to detect progression. Low @entity1372 diets are effective but they are not practical because it is difficult to adhere to the required degree of @entity1372 restriction. Weight-reducing diets also reduce blood pressure but compliance again is difficult, although it is worth advocating for the few @entity1 who will maintain the diet more or less indefinitely. Between 1973 and 1977 in the United States there has been an 8% decline in deaths due to @entity299 , a 17% decrease in deaths due to @entity64 , and an increase in average life expectancy from 71.3 to 72.8 years. Could this be the result of more widespread treatment?

title: Treatment of XXXX in 1981.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: In 1996, intraperitoneal (IP) administration of @entity900 plus intravenous (i.v.) @entity786 proved superior to both drugs given intravenously at the same doses--which, at the time, was the standard treatment in the United States. The IP 'option' was not adopted, however, because the standard treatment had shifted to i.v. @entity900 plus @entity1311 .Two additional phase III trials by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) comparing IP versus i.v. @entity900 , but including other variables, have shown similar superior effects of the IP route on outcome, but with @entity137 -particularly local tolerance and @entity16 --increased. An ongoing trial by the GOG is again looking into an IP versus i.v. comparison, and introducing in one of the IP arms the substitution of IP @entity3003 for IP @entity900 . All three arms of this trial contain bevacizumab (Avastin). Two other trials comparing i.v. versus IP administration of platinums or platinums and @entity1311 have just been launched, led by Japanese and Canadian investigators, respectively. While awaiting additional data on the ongoing debate over IP versus i.v. therapy, it is important that we consider issues concerning why the IP route may be relevant, how can one increase the safety of this route, and who should be treated and with what drugs, particularly when faced with a @entity1 outside the clinical trials setting. The underlying hypothesis for use of IP therapy is based on the existence of a dose-effect relationship for @entity902 drugs in @entity43 . We review the known data on this relationship, and explore why interest in @entity902 drugs has become the central focus of @entity43 treatment.

title: Intraperitoneal drug delivery for XXXX : why, how, who, what, and when?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the morphological changes and quantitative distribution of @entity2383 in the @entity25221 ( @entity25221 ) epithelium treated with smokeless @entity286 (ST). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archives of experimental material from previously published studies (Ashrafi et al., 1992) were utilized. Animals in experimental group received moist ST (snuff) in their right pouch, 5 days weekly for 24 months, while no snuff was given to control group. After 24 months, the epithelial tissues were processed for electron microscopy study. Volume densities of @entity2383 were assessed by morphometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mitochondrial volume densities in the two groups, experimental vs control. RESULTS: In both control and experimental groups @entity2383 were concentrated between the nucleus and basal cell plasma membrane. A decrease in the mean mitochondrial volume density (Vvmit) was observed from the basal layer to the more superficial layers in both groups. The experimental @entity25221 displayed more @entity2383 than control, and the granular epithelial cell layer in experimental group showed significantly a higher mean Vvmit than the control group (P = 0.03). It was concluded that greater numbers of @entity2383 were retained in ST-treated granular cells of the @entity5072 epithelia than in the normal epithelium.

title: Mitochondrial volume densities in the smokeless @entity286 -treated XXXX epithelium.

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity25221 :: ('MESH:C536084', 'Disease') :: ['hamster cheek pouch', 'HCP']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondria']

answer: @entity25221 :: (MESH:C536084,Disease) :: ['hamster cheek pouch']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the morphological changes and quantitative distribution of @entity2383 in the @entity25221 ( @entity25221 ) epithelium treated with smokeless @entity286 (ST). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archives of experimental material from previously published studies (Ashrafi et al., 1992) were utilized. Animals in experimental group received moist ST (snuff) in their right pouch, 5 days weekly for 24 months, while no snuff was given to control group. After 24 months, the epithelial tissues were processed for electron microscopy study. Volume densities of @entity2383 were assessed by morphometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mitochondrial volume densities in the two groups, experimental vs control. RESULTS: In both control and experimental groups @entity2383 were concentrated between the nucleus and basal cell plasma membrane. A decrease in the mean mitochondrial volume density (Vvmit) was observed from the basal layer to the more superficial layers in both groups. The experimental @entity25221 displayed more @entity2383 than control, and the granular epithelial cell layer in experimental group showed significantly a higher mean Vvmit than the control group (P = 0.03). It was concluded that greater numbers of @entity2383 were retained in ST-treated granular cells of the @entity5072 epithelia than in the normal epithelium.

title: Mitochondrial volume densities in the smokeless XXXX -treated @entity25221 epithelium.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: This work explores the phenotypic changes affecting transformed cells in an experimental model of @entity4742 ( @entity4743 )-induced @entity703 in male @entity329 . This @entity172 -induced @entity5 presents an important cytological pleomorphism and its origin remains largely controversial. In order to characterize phenotypic variations during @entity5 progression, the occurrence of seven lineage markers was analysed by a morphometric approach in kidney sections of @entity4743 -exposed hamsters (6-11 months). S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and @entity47850 are expressed by a large percentage of malignant cells during @entity5 development. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and desmin are mostly evidenced in advanced @entity5 whereas Leu 7 always presents a focal expression. As evidenced by double-label immunofluorescence, the coexpression of three important neuroectodermal lineage markers (S100, NSE and PGP 9.5) in earliest @entity5 buds points to a peripheral nerve sheath origin for this @entity5 thus confirming previously published data. For each marker, the fluctuations of expression levels during @entity5 progression as well as the spatial heterogeneity of distribution suggest variable phenotypic differentiation of transformed cell populations. This observation is largely corroborated by double-label immunofluorescence showing coexpression modification of several markers during @entity5 progression. This points to a complex dynamic and spatial self-organization of different phenotypes within @entity5 . Altogether, these results support the concept that @entity4743 -induced @entity703 are not made of unstructured cell populations but represent adaptive complex dynamic biosystems.

title: Phenotypic variations and dynamic topography of transformed cells in an experimental model of XXXX -induced @entity703 in male @entity329 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumours', 'kidney tumours']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: This work explores the phenotypic changes affecting transformed cells in an experimental model of @entity4742 ( @entity4743 )-induced @entity703 in male @entity329 . This @entity172 -induced @entity5 presents an important cytological pleomorphism and its origin remains largely controversial. In order to characterize phenotypic variations during @entity5 progression, the occurrence of seven lineage markers was analysed by a morphometric approach in kidney sections of @entity4743 -exposed hamsters (6-11 months). S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and @entity47850 are expressed by a large percentage of malignant cells during @entity5 development. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and desmin are mostly evidenced in advanced @entity5 whereas Leu 7 always presents a focal expression. As evidenced by double-label immunofluorescence, the coexpression of three important neuroectodermal lineage markers (S100, NSE and PGP 9.5) in earliest @entity5 buds points to a peripheral nerve sheath origin for this @entity5 thus confirming previously published data. For each marker, the fluctuations of expression levels during @entity5 progression as well as the spatial heterogeneity of distribution suggest variable phenotypic differentiation of transformed cell populations. This observation is largely corroborated by double-label immunofluorescence showing coexpression modification of several markers during @entity5 progression. This points to a complex dynamic and spatial self-organization of different phenotypes within @entity5 . Altogether, these results support the concept that @entity4743 -induced @entity703 are not made of unstructured cell populations but represent adaptive complex dynamic biosystems.

title: Phenotypic variations and dynamic topography of transformed cells in an experimental model of @entity4742 -induced @entity703 in male XXXX .

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: This work explores the phenotypic changes affecting transformed cells in an experimental model of @entity4742 ( @entity4743 )-induced @entity703 in male @entity329 . This @entity172 -induced @entity5 presents an important cytological pleomorphism and its origin remains largely controversial. In order to characterize phenotypic variations during @entity5 progression, the occurrence of seven lineage markers was analysed by a morphometric approach in kidney sections of @entity4743 -exposed hamsters (6-11 months). S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and @entity47850 are expressed by a large percentage of malignant cells during @entity5 development. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and desmin are mostly evidenced in advanced @entity5 whereas Leu 7 always presents a focal expression. As evidenced by double-label immunofluorescence, the coexpression of three important neuroectodermal lineage markers (S100, NSE and PGP 9.5) in earliest @entity5 buds points to a peripheral nerve sheath origin for this @entity5 thus confirming previously published data. For each marker, the fluctuations of expression levels during @entity5 progression as well as the spatial heterogeneity of distribution suggest variable phenotypic differentiation of transformed cell populations. This observation is largely corroborated by double-label immunofluorescence showing coexpression modification of several markers during @entity5 progression. This points to a complex dynamic and spatial self-organization of different phenotypes within @entity5 . Altogether, these results support the concept that @entity4743 -induced @entity703 are not made of unstructured cell populations but represent adaptive complex dynamic biosystems.

title: Phenotypic variations and dynamic topography of transformed cells in an experimental model of @entity4742 -induced XXXX in male @entity329 .

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumour']


abstract: Intimal @entity1373 and subsequent @entity715 limit the success of vascular reconstructive procedures. Plasminogen activation in situ may be an important factor affecting re-stenosis of the graft. Tissue specimens from eight @entity1 with failing or failed infra-inguinal vein bypasses and three specimens from normal veins were harvested to study @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The possible presence of thrombi was monitored by platelet and fibrin-specific stainings. In occluded grafts, platelet @entity61945 ( @entity2279 ) antibody stained the thrombi but not the endothelial area, indicating the absence of endothelium. Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa co-localized with @entity2279 and, furthermore, @entity1427 /IIIa staining was positive on the vein walls with thrombi and to some extent in the grafts without thrombi. @entity2289 and @entity2290 were uniformly upregulated in intimal thickening in grafts without @entity715 . In organized thrombi, enhanced @entity2290 , @entity3479 and @entity2289 reactivity was detected in the ingrowing subendothelium. In non-occluded grafts with small thrombi, @entity2290 expression was enriched beneath microthrombi co-localizing with the graft wall injury, while @entity2289 was scattered in the (sub)endothelium. We conclude that fibrinolytic system is upregulated at sites of graft stenosis, and local proteolytic degradation of the graft wall associates with @entity715 formation.

title: Urokinase, XXXX and @entity2289 expression in severely stenosed and occluded vein grafts with @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity61945 :: ('90952', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial cell adhesion molecule']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusions', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity3479 :: (5327,Gene) :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator']


abstract: Intimal @entity1373 and subsequent @entity715 limit the success of vascular reconstructive procedures. Plasminogen activation in situ may be an important factor affecting re-stenosis of the graft. Tissue specimens from eight @entity1 with failing or failed infra-inguinal vein bypasses and three specimens from normal veins were harvested to study @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The possible presence of thrombi was monitored by platelet and fibrin-specific stainings. In occluded grafts, platelet @entity61945 ( @entity2279 ) antibody stained the thrombi but not the endothelial area, indicating the absence of endothelium. Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa co-localized with @entity2279 and, furthermore, @entity1427 /IIIa staining was positive on the vein walls with thrombi and to some extent in the grafts without thrombi. @entity2289 and @entity2290 were uniformly upregulated in intimal thickening in grafts without @entity715 . In organized thrombi, enhanced @entity2290 , @entity3479 and @entity2289 reactivity was detected in the ingrowing subendothelium. In non-occluded grafts with small thrombi, @entity2290 expression was enriched beneath microthrombi co-localizing with the graft wall injury, while @entity2289 was scattered in the (sub)endothelium. We conclude that fibrinolytic system is upregulated at sites of graft stenosis, and local proteolytic degradation of the graft wall associates with @entity715 formation.

title: Urokinase, @entity3479 and XXXX expression in severely stenosed and occluded vein grafts with @entity715 .

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']


abstract: Intimal @entity1373 and subsequent @entity715 limit the success of vascular reconstructive procedures. Plasminogen activation in situ may be an important factor affecting re-stenosis of the graft. Tissue specimens from eight @entity1 with failing or failed infra-inguinal vein bypasses and three specimens from normal veins were harvested to study @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The possible presence of thrombi was monitored by platelet and fibrin-specific stainings. In occluded grafts, platelet @entity61945 ( @entity2279 ) antibody stained the thrombi but not the endothelial area, indicating the absence of endothelium. Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa co-localized with @entity2279 and, furthermore, @entity1427 /IIIa staining was positive on the vein walls with thrombi and to some extent in the grafts without thrombi. @entity2289 and @entity2290 were uniformly upregulated in intimal thickening in grafts without @entity715 . In organized thrombi, enhanced @entity2290 , @entity3479 and @entity2289 reactivity was detected in the ingrowing subendothelium. In non-occluded grafts with small thrombi, @entity2290 expression was enriched beneath microthrombi co-localizing with the graft wall injury, while @entity2289 was scattered in the (sub)endothelium. We conclude that fibrinolytic system is upregulated at sites of graft stenosis, and local proteolytic degradation of the graft wall associates with @entity715 formation.

title: Urokinase, @entity3479 and @entity2289 expression in severely stenosed and occluded vein grafts with XXXX .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: In adult animals, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a significant role in regulating emotions and projects to the amygdala and periaqueductal gray (PAG) to modulate emotional responses. However, little is known about the development of this neural circuit and its relevance to unlearned fear in pre-adulthood. To address these issues, we examined the mPFC of 14-d-old ( @entity1 ), 26-d-old (juveniles), and 38- to 42-d-old (adolescents) @entity35 to represent different developmental and social milestones. The expression patterns of the neuronal marker @entity1639 were used to assess neurological activity. Muscimol, a @entity1246 agonist, was used to inactivate the prelimbic and infralimbic mPFC subdivisions (400 ng in 200 nl). Animals were exposed to either a threatening or nonthreatening stimulus that was ecologically relevant and age specific. Freezing was measured as an indicator of innate fear behavior. The data indicated that the mPFC is neither active nor responsive to innate fear in @entity1 @entity35 . In juveniles, the prelimbic mPFC became responsive in processing aversive sensory stimulation but did not regulate freezing behavior. Finally, during adolescence, inactivation of the prelimbic mPFC significantly attenuated freezing and decreased @entity1639 expression in the ventral PAG. Surprisingly, across all ages, there were no significant differences in @entity1639 levels in the medial and basolateral/lateral amygdala when either mPFC subdivision was inactivated. Together, unlearned fear has a unique developmental course with different brain areas involved in unlearned fear in the immature animal than the adult. In particular, the mPFC neural circuitry is different in young animals and progressively develops more capacities as the animal matures.

title: The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in innate fear regulation in XXXX , juveniles, and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Observational studies report inverse associations between the use of feather upper bedding (pillow and/or quilt) and @entity565 symptoms but there is no randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence assessing the role of feather upper bedding as a secondary prevention measure. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, among @entity1 not using feather upper bedding, a new feather pillow and feather quilt reduces @entity565 severity among @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) sensitised @entity1 with @entity565 over a 1-year period compared with standard dust mite avoidance advice, and giving @entity1 a new @entity432 cover. DESIGN: RCT. SETTING: The Calvary Hospital in the Australian Capital Territory and the @entity1 's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales. @entity1 : 197 @entity1 with @entity6711 sensitisation and moderate to severe @entity565 . Intervention New upper bedding @entity4186 feather pillow and quilt and a @entity432 cover (feather) versus standard care and a @entity432 cover (standard). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of @entity1 reporting four or more episodes of wheeze in the past year; an episode of speech-limiting wheeze; or one or more episodes of @entity25 caused by wheezing; and spirometry with challenge testing. Statistical analysis included multiple logistic and linear regression. RESULTS: No differences between groups were found for primary end points--frequent wheeze (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.76, p=0.17), speech-limiting wheeze (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.48, p=0.35), sleep disturbed because of wheezing (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.13, p=0.61) or for any secondary end points. Secondary analyses indicated the intervention reduced the risk of sleep being disturbed because of wheezing and severe wheeze to a greater extent for @entity1 who slept supine. CONCLUSION: No differences in respiratory symptoms or lung function were observed 1 year after @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity565 and @entity6711 sensitisation were given a @entity432 cover and then received either feather upper bedding (pillow and quilt) or standard bedding care.

title: Feather bedding and childhood @entity565 associated with XXXX sensitisation: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['mite-occlusive mattress']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity6711 :: (MESH:D008924,Disease) :: ['house dust mite']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Observational studies report inverse associations between the use of feather upper bedding (pillow and/or quilt) and @entity565 symptoms but there is no randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence assessing the role of feather upper bedding as a secondary prevention measure. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, among @entity1 not using feather upper bedding, a new feather pillow and feather quilt reduces @entity565 severity among @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) sensitised @entity1 with @entity565 over a 1-year period compared with standard dust mite avoidance advice, and giving @entity1 a new @entity432 cover. DESIGN: RCT. SETTING: The Calvary Hospital in the Australian Capital Territory and the @entity1 's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales. @entity1 : 197 @entity1 with @entity6711 sensitisation and moderate to severe @entity565 . Intervention New upper bedding @entity4186 feather pillow and quilt and a @entity432 cover (feather) versus standard care and a @entity432 cover (standard). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of @entity1 reporting four or more episodes of wheeze in the past year; an episode of speech-limiting wheeze; or one or more episodes of @entity25 caused by wheezing; and spirometry with challenge testing. Statistical analysis included multiple logistic and linear regression. RESULTS: No differences between groups were found for primary end points--frequent wheeze (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.76, p=0.17), speech-limiting wheeze (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.48, p=0.35), sleep disturbed because of wheezing (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.13, p=0.61) or for any secondary end points. Secondary analyses indicated the intervention reduced the risk of sleep being disturbed because of wheezing and severe wheeze to a greater extent for @entity1 who slept supine. CONCLUSION: No differences in respiratory symptoms or lung function were observed 1 year after @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity565 and @entity6711 sensitisation were given a @entity432 cover and then received either feather upper bedding (pillow and quilt) or standard bedding care.

title: Feather bedding and childhood XXXX associated with @entity6711 sensitisation: a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is considerable variability between @entity1 in their expression of the diverse range of symptoms encompassed by the syndrome of @entity161 , which may modulate functional activation to cognitive processing. METHOD: Here we investigate associations between @entity161 subsyndrome scores, identified by factor analysis, and experimentally controlled brain activation. Five factors were defined by rotated principal components analysis of PANSS rating scale measurements in 100 @entity1 with @entity161 . A subsample of 30 @entity1 and a group of 27 comparison subjects were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the performance of two periodically designed cognitive activation experiments: verbal working memory and psychomotor sequencing. RESULTS: Factor analysis replicated the five dimensions consistently reported. Within the @entity1 group. power of activation by working memory was negatively associated with global symptom severity in left lingual and temporo-parietal cortices; negatively associated with positive subsyndrome scores in left inferior frontal and superior temporal cortices and basal ganglia; and positively associated with negative subsyndrome scores in lateral and medial premotor cortex. No relationship was observed between subsyndrome scores and functional activation during the motor task. Between-group comparisons demonstrated reduced power of response to the working memory task by @entity1 in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and left pre- and post-central cortices. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we observed task-specific modulation of functional response associated with symptom expression in @entity161 . Our findings are compatible with previous empirical findings and theoretical conceptualization of @entity1 brain function, in terms of capacity constraints on activation in the face of competing demands from pathological and task-related cognitive activity.

title: The functional neuroanatomy of XXXX subsyndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity111 is a frequent symptom in @entity1 with @entity409 . Itching may be excruciating, may seriously impair quality of life and even induce suicidal ideation in the most severe cases. RECENT FINDINGS: The molecular mechanism of itch signal transduction in @entity1448 is largely unclear. It may be caused or potentiated by compounds that accumulate in the circulation during @entity1448 , which either directly or indirectly affect signalling in itch fibres. In the past, @entity3645 and endogenous opioids have been proposed but never been proven to be key factors in itch perception during @entity1448 . We have performed a screen for compounds in plasma from @entity1 with various cholestatic conditions for their capacity to activate neuronal cell lines. In these sera, we could identify a potent neuronal activator as @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ). @entity4991 is a very potent signalling phospholipid that can activate cells through various @entity4991 receptors. Quite strikingly, samples from itchy cholestatic @entity1 contained higher amounts of @entity4991 . These increased levels of @entity4991 turned out to be caused by elevated levels of serum @entity23927 , the enzyme that converts @entity6579 into @entity4991 . This is a striking finding, as @entity23927 has never been connected to itch perception thus far. We have also shown that @entity4991 , when injected intradermally, caused scratching behaviour in @entity19 . SUMMARY: On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that during @entity1448 expression of @entity23927 is induced, which gives rise to increased local formation of @entity4991 near unmyelinated nerve endings of itch fibres. @entity4991 activates these neurons through one of the @entity4991 receptors, which in turn potentiates action potentials along itch fibres leading to the perception of @entity111 .

title: Mediators of @entity111 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity111 is a frequent symptom in @entity1 with @entity409 . Itching may be excruciating, may seriously impair quality of life and even induce suicidal ideation in the most severe cases. RECENT FINDINGS: The molecular mechanism of itch signal transduction in @entity1448 is largely unclear. It may be caused or potentiated by compounds that accumulate in the circulation during @entity1448 , which either directly or indirectly affect signalling in itch fibres. In the past, @entity3645 and endogenous opioids have been proposed but never been proven to be key factors in itch perception during @entity1448 . We have performed a screen for compounds in plasma from @entity1 with various cholestatic conditions for their capacity to activate neuronal cell lines. In these sera, we could identify a potent neuronal activator as @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ). @entity4991 is a very potent signalling phospholipid that can activate cells through various @entity4991 receptors. Quite strikingly, samples from itchy cholestatic @entity1 contained higher amounts of @entity4991 . These increased levels of @entity4991 turned out to be caused by elevated levels of serum @entity23927 , the enzyme that converts @entity6579 into @entity4991 . This is a striking finding, as @entity23927 has never been connected to itch perception thus far. We have also shown that @entity4991 , when injected intradermally, caused scratching behaviour in @entity19 . SUMMARY: On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that during @entity1448 expression of @entity23927 is induced, which gives rise to increased local formation of @entity4991 near unmyelinated nerve endings of itch fibres. @entity4991 activates these neurons through one of the @entity4991 receptors, which in turn potentiates action potentials along itch fibres leading to the perception of @entity111 .

title: Mediators of XXXX during @entity1448 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['pruritus']


abstract: Despite their ability to provide long-term transgene expression in the central nervous system of na  ve hosts, the use of first-generation adenovirus (Ad) vectors for the treatment of chronic @entity16 is limited by peripheral immunization, which stimulates anti-adenovirus immune responses and causes severe @entity32 in the central nervous system (CNS) and elimination of transgene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of NF-kappaB and interleukin-1 (IL-1) during inflammatory responses to Ads in the CNS of na  ve and preimmunized @entity35 . We assessed activation of macrophages/microglia, up-regulation of MHC I expression, infiltration of leukocytes, and transgene expression following delivery of Ads to the @entity35 striatum. After delivery of increasing doses of adenoviral vectors expressing various anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., NF-kappaB or IL-1 inhibitors) to na  ve @entity35 , no reduction in Ad-mediated CNS @entity32 was seen 1 week after delivery of Ads, compared to a control Ad.hCMV.beta-galactosidase (RAd.35) virus. We then assessed CNS @entity32 and transgene expression at a time when control transgene expression would be completely eliminated, i.e., 1 month post-vector injection into the brain. This would optimize the assessment of an anti-inflammatory agent expressed by an adenoviral vector that could either delay or diminish immune system-mediated elimination of transgene expression. As expected, at 1 month postinfection, control preimmunized @entity35 receiving Ad. @entity20589 .beta-galactosidase (RAd.36)/saline or RAd.36/Ad.null (RAd.0) showed complete @entity7791 expression in the brain and levels of @entity32 comparable to those of na  ve animals. However, animals injected with RAd.36 in combination with Ads expressing NF-kappaB or IL-1 inhibitors showed a delayed @entity7791 compared to controls. As predicted, the extended presence of transgene expression was accompanied by increased levels of CNS @entity32 . This suggests that blocking NF-kappaB or IL-1 delays, albeit partially, transgene elimination in the presence of a preexisting systemic immune response. Prolonged transgene expression is predicted to extend concurrent @entity198 , as noted earlier. Taken together these data demonstrate a role for NF-kappaB and IL-1 in immune system-mediated elimination of Ad-mediated CNS transgene expression.

title: Adenovirus expression of IL-1 and NF-kappaB inhibitors does not inhibit acute adenoviral-induced XXXX , but delays immune system-mediated elimination of transgene expression.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['elimination of beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['brain inflammation']


abstract: Oncolytic viruses that are replication competent in @entity5 but not in normal cells represent a novel approach for treating @entity5 . However, the oncolytic potency of replicating agents is determined directly by their capability of infecting target cells. Most adenoviruses used for gene therapy or virotherapy have been based on serotype 5 ( @entity11650 ). Unfortunately, expression of the primary receptor for @entity11650 (the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, or @entity16565 ) is highly variable on ovarian and other @entity5 cells. By performing genetic fiber pseudotyping, we created @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 , a conditionally replicating adenovirus that does not bind @entity16565 but facilitates entry into and killing of @entity43 cells. We show replication of @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 and subsequent oncolysis of @entity43 lines. Replication was also analyzed with quantitative PCR on three-dimensional primary @entity5 cell spheroids purified from @entity1 samples. Moreover, in a therapeutic orthotopic model of peritoneal @entity189 , dramatically enhanced survival was noted. Finally, @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 achieved a significant antitumor effect as assessed by noninvasive, in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Therefore, the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 is improved over the respective @entity16565 - and integrin-binding controls. Taken together with promising biodistribution and @entity137 data, this approach could translate into successful clinical interventions for @entity43 @entity1 .

title: Enhanced therapeutic efficacy for XXXX with a serotype 3 receptor-targeted oncolytic adenovirus.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian adenocarcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased arterial wave reflections predict cardiovascular events in dialysis @entity1 . Their impact on the progression of @entity8 has not been determined. METHODS: We prospectively quantified wave reflections as pressure augmentation (AP) and augmentation index (AIx) using radial applanation tonometry and a transfer function, in 111 @entity1 (mean age 53.6 years; 71 @entity1 , 31 @entity6 ) with @entity740 not requiring dialysis. Primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum @entity1011 , need for dialysis, and transplantation. Secondary endpoint was a combination of renal and cardiovascular events. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 41.3 months, 37 and 46 @entity1 reached the primary and the secondary endpoint. AIx and AP proved statistically significant predictors of the renal endpoint (P < 0.05 for all), with a 2.5- and 3-fold increased risk for @entity1 in the highest vs. the lowest tertile, respectively. After adjustment for mean blood pressure (MBP), age, gender, @entity6 , serum albumin, hemoglobin, urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio, and renal function at baseline, AIx (hazard ratio 1.474/10% increase in AIx, P = 0.04) as well as AP (hazard ratio 1.559/10 mm Hg increase in AP, P = 0.04) remained significant predictors of the renal endpoint. In addition, AIx and AP were significant (P < 0.05) predictors of the combined cardiorenal endpoint in univariate analysis and multivariable models. CONCLUSION: Increased arterial wave reflections are independent predictors of renal as well as @entity9136 in @entity1 with @entity740 .

title: Association of increased arterial wave reflections with XXXX stages 3 and 4.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal events']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['decline in renal function in chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The existence, histology and origin of gastric cardiac mucosa are controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the existence, histological characteristics and @entity299 and to correlate these features with the @entity1 ' age and the presence of @entity32 in the @entity356 and/or esophagus. METHODS; The cardiac mucosa within the whole esophagogastric junction was histologically analyzed in 38 consecutive autopsy specimens and measured in 24 cases. RESULTS: The cardiac mucosa was identified in all specimens from all cases, with a mean length of 6.7 mm, range 0.927-19.5 mm. In the majority of cases, the @entity299 was less than 10 mm (87.5%) and greater than 5 mm (71%). Cardiac mucosa was composed of a combination of pure mucous glands and mucous glands with parietal cells in 74% of cases, and only of mucous glands with parietal cells in 26% of cases. @entity2401 was recorded in 23.7% cases and @entity354 in 15.8%. The @entity299 was not significantly different between cases with and without @entity2401 (p>0.05), between those with and without @entity2910 (p>0.05), and between age groups older and younger than 60 years (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In the adult population, a short histological segment of @entity356 was consistently present as a normal histological structure. The type, length and circumferential presence of cardiac mucosa were not significantly associated with @entity2401 , @entity2910 or age.

title: Histological features of XXXX in adults: an autopsy study.

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['length of cardiac mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['carditis', 'Carditis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia']


abstract: No disease has been more closely associated with stigma than @entity1201 such that it has become a metaphor for stigma. Stigma has been difficult to measure and little research has been done on this issue. Stigma reduction has not been an important component of anti- @entity1201 program. The study was undertaken to measure the stigma associated with @entity1201 by using P scale which is used for assessing participation restriction of those affected by the disease. This comparative questionnaire based study was carried out in two sets of @entity1 . Two groups of 30 @entity1 each were studied. First group belonged to a Government run Leprosarium and group two from a tertiary care skin and @entity1201 centre. The study used the Participation (P) scale and data was collected by interviewing the @entity1 . Participation restriction was defined as any score equal to and more than 13. Participation restriction was observed in 27 (90%) cases of group 1while participation restriction was present in only 7 (23.3%) subjects of group 2. It was observed that mean score of participation restriction in group 1 was quite high at 31.9 while it was only 8.3 for group 2. The participation restriction was directly related to the duration of disease and the grade of disability. Longer the duration of disease, greater was the likelihood of restriction. The participation restriction was found to be negatively correlated with the education. Recommendation about prevention of disability would require program about early diagnosis of @entity16 and subsequent action at the @entity1 -family-community level and health care providers.

title: Stigma in XXXX : miles to go!

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: This study is a description of the "stylohamular" dissection, a technique for the en bloc resection of the infratemporal fossa. The medial plane of this dissection extends from the styloid process to the hamulus of the pterygoid just lateral to the foramen lacerum, allowing the surgeon to spare the internal carotid artery. The foramen ovale and foramen spinosum are routinely exposed during this procedure. Medially, the pterygoid musculature serves as the margin of the @entity5 . Posteriorly, the mastoid tip may be included in this resection. Anteriorly, the lateral pterygoid plate is resected making it the anterior vertical plane of the dissection. Laterally, skin and mandible are the block margins. In the last three years, this approach has been utilized in eight @entity1 with advance @entity5 involving the infratemporal fossa. The results are encouraging. Five @entity1 have remained well and free of disease for a maximum of three years postoperatively. Two @entity1 have had recurrence of their @entity5 from six months to one year postoperatively. Palliation in all @entity1 was excellent. The literature on various infratemporal dissections and their results is reviewed.

title: Stylohamular dissection: a new method for en bloc reaction of XXXX of the infratemporal fossa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer block', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: Mapping of multiple receptors of neurotransmitters provides insight into the spatial distribution of neurotransmission-relevant molecules in the cerebral cortex. During development, lack of reelin leads to impaired migration, disturbed lamination of the hippocampus and inverted neocortical layering. In the adult, reelin may regulate synaptic plasticity by modulating neurotransmitter receptor function. Using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography, different receptors, in particular, the binding site densities and laminar distribution of various @entity2227 , @entity1246 , muscarinic and nicotinic @entity934 , @entity750 , @entity935 and @entity859 receptors, were analyzed in cortical and subcortical structures of reeler and wild-type brains. Differential changes in the laminar distribution, maximum binding capacity (B (max)) and regional density of neurotransmitter receptors were found in the reeler brain. A decrease of whole brain B (max) was found for @entity859 A(1) and @entity1246 (A) receptors. In the forebrain, several binding sites were differentially up- or down-regulated ( @entity4176 , A(1), @entity1245 , @entity750 (1), M(2), a(1) and a(2)). In the hippocampus, a significant decrease of @entity1246 (B), @entity750 (1) and A'    receptors were observed. The density of M(2) receptors increased, while other receptors remained unchanged. In the neocortex, some receptors demonstrated an obviously inverted laminar distribution ( @entity140 , @entity4176 , @entity143 , @entity1246 (B), @entity750 (1), M(1), M(3), nAch), while the distribution of others (A(1), @entity1246 (A), @entity1245 , @entity750 (2), muscarinic M(2), adrenergic a(1), a(2)) seemed to be less affected. Thus, the laminar receptor distribution is modulated by the developmental impairment and suggests and reflects partially the laminar inversion in reeler @entity19 .

title: Laminar distribution of neurotransmitter receptors in different reeler XXXX brain regions.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Persistent defects after primary sphincter repair and occult sphincter tears are common after vaginal deliveries. @entity322 may be associated with these morphological defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six primiparous @entity1 were evaluated with ultrasonography, manometry and electrophysiology. Twenty-four @entity1 had undergone primary repair of obstetric sphincter tears (sphincter group), 16 @entity1 had no clinical sphincter tear but developed @entity322 postpartum (symptom group), and six were delivered by elective cesarean section (cesarean group). RESULTS: In the sphincter group, 50% had @entity322 at follow-up. At ultrasonography, 70% had @entity130 anteriorly in the midanal canal. At manometry, 4% had decreased resting pressure and 50% decreased squeeze pressure. At electrophysiology, 19% had pathologic pudendal latency and 25% pathologic fiber density. In the symptom group, 44% had @entity130 anteriorly in the midanal canal at ultrasonography. At manometry, all @entity1 had normal resting pressure and 19% had a decreased squeeze pressure. At electrophysiology, 46% had pathologic pudendal latency and 29% pathologic fiber density. In the cesarean group, 33% had mild @entity322 at follow-up. Ultrasonography and manometry were normal in all @entity1 . At electrophysiology, 33% had pathologic pudendal latency and 17% pathologic fiber density. CONCLUSION: Anal sphincter @entity130 at childbirth are often inadequately diagnosed and primary repair frequently results in persisting defects in the anal sphincter. Anatomic @entity130 to the anal sphincter play an important role in the development of @entity322 after delivery, but a significant proportion of symptomatic @entity1 also demonstrate @entity16 at electrophysiologic testing.

title: Obstetric sphincter tears and XXXX : an observational follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['anal incontinence', 'Anal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['anal incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of radiographical and functional outcomes between traditional and minimally invasive approach in treating @entity174 . METHODS: From February 2000 to February 2008, 37 @entity1 underwent reduction and internal fixation using two different approaches. In minimally invasive approach group, there were 16 males and 2 females, ranging in age from 20 to 47 years, averaged (35.2 +/- 3.1) years, and in traditional approach group, there were 15 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 22 to 44 years, averaged (35.3 +/- 2.3)years. All the @entity1 had @entity174 . The following data were compared between two groups: operation time, @entity190 , length of incision and function of ankle joint. All the @entity1 were graded by Hawkins points-scoring system after operation. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up. The duration ranged from 2 to 10 years, with an average of 5.6 years. The index such as operation time, @entity190 and the length of incision of @entity1 in minimally invasive approach group were significantly less than those of @entity1 in traditional approach group. According to AOFAS points-scoring system, the score of minimally invasive group was higher than that of traditional approach group. CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional approach, minimally invasive approach can protect blood supply better, get better clinical effects,which is worth of choosing to treat @entity174 of @entity135 .

title: [Case-control study on the treatment of XXXX of @entity135 with minimally invasive or traditional approach].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['talar neck']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Hawskins type I fractures', 'Hawskins type I fractures of the talar neck', 'Hawskins type II fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Hawskins type II fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of radiographical and functional outcomes between traditional and minimally invasive approach in treating @entity174 . METHODS: From February 2000 to February 2008, 37 @entity1 underwent reduction and internal fixation using two different approaches. In minimally invasive approach group, there were 16 males and 2 females, ranging in age from 20 to 47 years, averaged (35.2 +/- 3.1) years, and in traditional approach group, there were 15 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 22 to 44 years, averaged (35.3 +/- 2.3)years. All the @entity1 had @entity174 . The following data were compared between two groups: operation time, @entity190 , length of incision and function of ankle joint. All the @entity1 were graded by Hawkins points-scoring system after operation. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up. The duration ranged from 2 to 10 years, with an average of 5.6 years. The index such as operation time, @entity190 and the length of incision of @entity1 in minimally invasive approach group were significantly less than those of @entity1 in traditional approach group. According to AOFAS points-scoring system, the score of minimally invasive group was higher than that of traditional approach group. CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional approach, minimally invasive approach can protect blood supply better, get better clinical effects,which is worth of choosing to treat @entity174 of @entity135 .

title: [Case-control study on the treatment of @entity174 of XXXX with minimally invasive or traditional approach].

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['talar neck']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ); however, the correlation between glycemia and @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is only modestly positive. This relatively weak association between glycemia and @entity453 in subjects with @entity6 may be caused by the existence of an atherogenic @entity5710 . In the San Antonio Heart Study, subjects who start with normal @entity413 tolerance and later develop @entity164 2 @entity6 have increased @entity412 levels, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 before the onset of @entity164 2 @entity6 . The basis for these atherogenic @entity5710 changes may be related to @entity2690 resistance rather than reduced @entity2690 secretion. Recently, interest has focused on a possible role of fibrinolysis and increased subclinical @entity32 , as determined by high-sensitivity @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels. The @entity2690 Resistance @entity731 Study found that @entity2690 resistance, as determined by a frequently sampled @entity413 tolerance test, is significantly related to higher @entity1851 levels, higher fibrinogen, and higher @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) levels. The investigators also have shown that high @entity2289 and @entity1851 levels are predictors of the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 . In addition, the @entity1 's Health Study has shown that high @entity1851 levels predict @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity2690 -sensitizing interventions have been demonstrated to reduce these nontraditional risk factors. @entity6170 , an agent with @entity2690 -sensitizing properties, decreases @entity2289 and @entity1851 levels. Some of the adverse cardiovascular effects seen in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 may be reversed by @entity2690 -sensitizing agents.

title: @entity2690 resistance, @entity32 , and the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic state', 'prediabetic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['Rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetic state']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ); however, the correlation between glycemia and @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is only modestly positive. This relatively weak association between glycemia and @entity453 in subjects with @entity6 may be caused by the existence of an atherogenic @entity5710 . In the San Antonio Heart Study, subjects who start with normal @entity413 tolerance and later develop @entity164 2 @entity6 have increased @entity412 levels, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 before the onset of @entity164 2 @entity6 . The basis for these atherogenic @entity5710 changes may be related to @entity2690 resistance rather than reduced @entity2690 secretion. Recently, interest has focused on a possible role of fibrinolysis and increased subclinical @entity32 , as determined by high-sensitivity @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels. The @entity2690 Resistance @entity731 Study found that @entity2690 resistance, as determined by a frequently sampled @entity413 tolerance test, is significantly related to higher @entity1851 levels, higher fibrinogen, and higher @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) levels. The investigators also have shown that high @entity2289 and @entity1851 levels are predictors of the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 . In addition, the @entity1 's Health Study has shown that high @entity1851 levels predict @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity2690 -sensitizing interventions have been demonstrated to reduce these nontraditional risk factors. @entity6170 , an agent with @entity2690 -sensitizing properties, decreases @entity2289 and @entity1851 levels. Some of the adverse cardiovascular effects seen in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 may be reversed by @entity2690 -sensitizing agents.

title: XXXX resistance, @entity32 , and the @entity5710 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ); however, the correlation between glycemia and @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is only modestly positive. This relatively weak association between glycemia and @entity453 in subjects with @entity6 may be caused by the existence of an atherogenic @entity5710 . In the San Antonio Heart Study, subjects who start with normal @entity413 tolerance and later develop @entity164 2 @entity6 have increased @entity412 levels, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 before the onset of @entity164 2 @entity6 . The basis for these atherogenic @entity5710 changes may be related to @entity2690 resistance rather than reduced @entity2690 secretion. Recently, interest has focused on a possible role of fibrinolysis and increased subclinical @entity32 , as determined by high-sensitivity @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels. The @entity2690 Resistance @entity731 Study found that @entity2690 resistance, as determined by a frequently sampled @entity413 tolerance test, is significantly related to higher @entity1851 levels, higher fibrinogen, and higher @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) levels. The investigators also have shown that high @entity2289 and @entity1851 levels are predictors of the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 . In addition, the @entity1 's Health Study has shown that high @entity1851 levels predict @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity2690 -sensitizing interventions have been demonstrated to reduce these nontraditional risk factors. @entity6170 , an agent with @entity2690 -sensitizing properties, decreases @entity2289 and @entity1851 levels. Some of the adverse cardiovascular effects seen in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 may be reversed by @entity2690 -sensitizing agents.

title: @entity2690 resistance, XXXX , and the @entity5710 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether abnormal heart rate recovery predicts mortality independent of the angiographic severity of @entity301 . BACKGROUND: An attenuated decrease in heart rate after exercise, or heart rate recovery (HRR), has been shown to predict mortality. There are few data on its prognostic significance once the angiographic severity of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is ascertained. METHODS: For six years we followed 2,935 consecutive @entity1 who underwent symptom-limited exercise testing for suspected @entity453 and then had a coronary angiogram within 90 days. The HRR was abnormal if < or =12 beats/min during the first minute after exercise, except among @entity1 undergoing stress echocardiography, in whom the cutoff was < or =18 beats/min. Angiographic @entity453 was considered severe if the Duke @entity453 Prognostic Severity Index was > or =42 (on a scale of 0 to 100), which corresponds to a level of @entity453 where revascularization is associated with better long-term survival. RESULTS: Severe @entity453 was present in 421 @entity1 (14%), whereas abnormal HRR was noted in 838 @entity1 (29%). There were 336 deaths (11%). Mortality was predicted by abnormal HRR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 3.1; p < 0.0001) and by severe @entity453 (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.6; p < 0.0001); both variables provided additive prognostic information. After adjusting for age, gender, standard risk factors, medications, exercise capacity, and left ventricular function, abnormal HRR remained predictive of @entity204 (adjusted HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0; p < 0.0001); severe @entity453 was also predictive (adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Even after taking into account the angiographic severity of @entity453 , left ventricular function, and exercise capacity, HRR is independently predictive of mortality.

title: Heart rate recovery after exercise is a predictor of mortality, independent of the angiographic severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no prospective data regarding the natural history of @entity28 in Mexico. The objective of this research was to investigate the incidence and progression of @entity28 in a low-income sector of Mexico City and to characterize evolution of body fat pattern distribution. METHODS: We carried out a population-based, prospective survey. Total on-site population was 15,532 @entity1 ; we determined as eligible all 35 to 64-year-old @entity1 and nonpregnant @entity1 for a total of 3,505. We interviewed at baseline 3,319 (94.7%) individuals and examined 2,282 (65.1%). At follow-up approximately 7 years later, we interviewed 1,764 (77.3%) subjects and examined 1,594 (69.9%). Measurements for all @entity1 included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness. Overweight was defined as BMI > or = 25 and < or = 29.9 kg/m2, while grade 1 @entity28 was BMI >or = 30 and < or = 34.9 kg/m2, grade 2 was > or = 35 and < or = 39.9, and grade 3, > or = 40 kg/m2. RESULTS: At baseline, prevalence of overweight was 48.6%, and grade 1 @entity28 , 22.7%, grade 2, 5.1%, and grade 3 @entity28 was 1.4%; at follow-up, these were 45.2, 25.8, 6.6, and 2.3%, respectively. At baseline, mean BMI in @entity1 was 29.1 +/- 0.16 kg/m2 and in @entity1 , 27.3 +/- 0.15 kg/m2; at follow-up, it reached 29.4 +/- 0.17 kg/m2 in @entity1 and 27.4 +/- 0.16 kg/m2 in @entity1 . Waist circumference increased from mean of 99.7 +/- 0.44 cm in @entity1 to 101.2 +/- 0.42 cm; in @entity1 , mean waist circumference rose from 95.2 +/- 0.38 to 96.7 +/- 0.39 cm. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity28 epidemic in this population possesses serious proportions that increase risk for severe metabolic consequences. There is a need for intervention.

title: Seven-year incidence and progression of XXXX . Characterization of body fat pattern evolution in low-income Mexico City urban population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The role of circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in the management of @entity14 has not yet established. In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and CTC levels in @entity1 with @entity14 . The isolation of CTCs in blood was performed with the semi-automated CellSearch System (Veridex TM). Ninety-three @entity1 were analyzed. Median age of @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was 56 (24-78). Total number of blood samples collected for CTCs were 130. CTCs were detected in 46 @entity1 (> or =1 per 7.5 mL), but only thirty (32%) @entity1 were interpreted as positive (> or = 3/7.5 mL). In the 27 @entity1 in whom 2 blood samples were taken, levels of CTCs were found to be decreased in 8 @entity1 , increased in 14 @entity1 and did not change in 5 @entity1 after therapy. Although only 2 (25%) of 8 @entity1 in whom CTCs decreased after therapy had disease progression, 13 (93%) of 14 @entity1 with increased CTCs had disease progression (p = 0.001). Similarly, 4 (80%) of 5 @entity1 with stable CTCs had also disease progression. Our findings indicate that decreased CTCs after therapy is related with remission while increased CTC level is associated with disease recurrence or progression.

title: Determination of circulating @entity5 cells for detection of XXXX progression or recurrence.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The role of circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in the management of @entity14 has not yet established. In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and CTC levels in @entity1 with @entity14 . The isolation of CTCs in blood was performed with the semi-automated CellSearch System (Veridex TM). Ninety-three @entity1 were analyzed. Median age of @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was 56 (24-78). Total number of blood samples collected for CTCs were 130. CTCs were detected in 46 @entity1 (> or =1 per 7.5 mL), but only thirty (32%) @entity1 were interpreted as positive (> or = 3/7.5 mL). In the 27 @entity1 in whom 2 blood samples were taken, levels of CTCs were found to be decreased in 8 @entity1 , increased in 14 @entity1 and did not change in 5 @entity1 after therapy. Although only 2 (25%) of 8 @entity1 in whom CTCs decreased after therapy had disease progression, 13 (93%) of 14 @entity1 with increased CTCs had disease progression (p = 0.001). Similarly, 4 (80%) of 5 @entity1 with stable CTCs had also disease progression. Our findings indicate that decreased CTCs after therapy is related with remission while increased CTC level is associated with disease recurrence or progression.

title: Determination of circulating XXXX cells for detection of @entity14 progression or recurrence.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely performed. The spread of ESD might decrease the rate of gastrectomy for mucosal @entity356 . However, the rate of @entity1 with @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) might increase, because @entity1 with mucosal @entity356 who had no or a lower risk of @entity1600 underwent ESD instead of gastrectomy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence of @entity1600 and analyze the relationships between @entity1600 and clinicopathological findings of mucosal @entity356 that are included among the extra indications for ESD. METHODOLOGY: Three-hundred sixty @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed as mucosal @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy between September 2002 and April 2009 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 360 @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed mucosal @entity356 , 34 had initially undergone ESD. Before initial treatment, 202 @entity1 (56.1%) were diagnosed as having @entity1697 , and lymph node involvement was observed in 23 @entity1 (6.4%). Female sex, @entity1066 , and @entity7453 had a significant association with @entity1600 by univariate analysis. All 23 @entity1 with @entity1600 had a macroscopically @entity308 . When the possible indicators of @entity1600 were entered into the multivariate logistic regression analysis, female sex and @entity7453 were significantly correlated with @entity1600 . CONCLUSION: In cases in which the @entity5 is macroscopically depressed and the histological diagnosis from ESD reveals @entity7453 , standard D2 or D1+beta lymphadenectomy should be performed because of the high incidence of @entity1600 .

title: Surgical resection for mucosal XXXX in the era of endoscopic submucosal dissection.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed lesion']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic-vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested whether the CardioClasp, a passive non-blood-contacting device could decrease excessive geometric burden in @entity384 and improve left ventricular systolic function and contractility by reshaping the left ventricle (LV) and by decreasing @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ) without decreasing arterial blood pressure. METHODS: In mongrel @entity235 (n = 6, the early group; n = 6, the chronic group; 25-27 kg), 4 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (210 to 240 bpm) induced @entity384 with @entity712 . In the early group, we used hemodynamic data and echocardiography to evaluate LV systolic function immediately after placing the CardioClasp device. In the chronic group, we also evaluated LV systolic function immediately after placing the device on dilated hearts and then left the device in place for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, before explantation of the device, we again assessed LV systolic function. We measured fractional area of contraction (FAC), @entity5707 , and hemodynamic data in both groups. RESULTS: In the early group, use of the CardioClasp device decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 27.8% +/- 2.6% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 19.4% +/- 2.0% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 22.0% +/- 3.10% at explantation (p < 0.05). Use of the CardioClasp did not alter LV end-diastolic and peak pressure, LV dP/dts, or cardiac output at implantation or at explantation. In the early group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the @entity5707 by 43.4% +/- 3.1% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, @entity5707 decreased by 28.8% +/- 2.1% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 43.3% +/- 5.2% at explantation (p < 0.05). In the early group, FAC increased significantly, by 28.9% +/- 7.8% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, FAC increased significantly, by 18% +/- 12% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 19% +/- 12% at explantation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, use of the CardioClasp device increased FAC and decreased @entity5707 by reshaping the LV. Use of the CardioClasp device maintained cardiac output and arterial pressure. In 30-day experiments, the increased FAC and decreased @entity5707 were maintained at explantation.

title: Early and late results of left ventricular reshaping by passive cardiac-support device in @entity235 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LVWS', 'LV wall stress']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested whether the CardioClasp, a passive non-blood-contacting device could decrease excessive geometric burden in @entity384 and improve left ventricular systolic function and contractility by reshaping the left ventricle (LV) and by decreasing @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ) without decreasing arterial blood pressure. METHODS: In mongrel @entity235 (n = 6, the early group; n = 6, the chronic group; 25-27 kg), 4 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (210 to 240 bpm) induced @entity384 with @entity712 . In the early group, we used hemodynamic data and echocardiography to evaluate LV systolic function immediately after placing the CardioClasp device. In the chronic group, we also evaluated LV systolic function immediately after placing the device on dilated hearts and then left the device in place for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, before explantation of the device, we again assessed LV systolic function. We measured fractional area of contraction (FAC), @entity5707 , and hemodynamic data in both groups. RESULTS: In the early group, use of the CardioClasp device decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 27.8% +/- 2.6% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 19.4% +/- 2.0% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 22.0% +/- 3.10% at explantation (p < 0.05). Use of the CardioClasp did not alter LV end-diastolic and peak pressure, LV dP/dts, or cardiac output at implantation or at explantation. In the early group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the @entity5707 by 43.4% +/- 3.1% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, @entity5707 decreased by 28.8% +/- 2.1% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 43.3% +/- 5.2% at explantation (p < 0.05). In the early group, FAC increased significantly, by 28.9% +/- 7.8% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, FAC increased significantly, by 18% +/- 12% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 19% +/- 12% at explantation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, use of the CardioClasp device increased FAC and decreased @entity5707 by reshaping the LV. Use of the CardioClasp device maintained cardiac output and arterial pressure. In 30-day experiments, the increased FAC and decreased @entity5707 were maintained at explantation.

title: Early and late results of left ventricular reshaping by passive cardiac-support device in XXXX @entity712 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) are present in @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity712 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity310 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity1 with @entity712 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity310 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity712 @entity1 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity310 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity310 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity310 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity1 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity310 production in both @entity1 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity712 @entity1 . When assessing the immune status of @entity712 @entity1 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) are present in @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity712 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity310 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity1 with @entity712 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity310 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity712 @entity1 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity310 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity310 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity310 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity1 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity310 production in both @entity1 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity712 @entity1 . When assessing the immune status of @entity712 @entity1 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of @entity5 XXXX factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) are present in @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity712 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity310 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity1 with @entity712 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity310 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity712 @entity1 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity310 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity310 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity310 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity1 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity310 production in both @entity1 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity712 @entity1 . When assessing the immune status of @entity712 @entity1 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and @entity1 with @entity712 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) are present in @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity712 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity310 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity1 with @entity712 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity310 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity712 @entity1 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity310 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity310 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity310 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity1 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity310 production in both @entity1 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity712 @entity1 . When assessing the immune status of @entity712 @entity1 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies report cardiovascular protection conferred by @entity9539 , in particular @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ). However, few experimental studies have addressed its potential in @entity64 treatment. The present study used multimodal MRI to assess in vivo the neuroprotection conferred by @entity4601 and by a brain-targeting form of @entity4601 -containing @entity6579 (AceDoPC) in experimental @entity64 . @entity35 underwent intraluminal @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and were treated at reperfusion by intravenous injection of i) saline, ii) plasma from donor @entity35 , iii) @entity4601 or iv) AceDoPC, both solubilized in plasma. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, animals underwent behavioral tests and were sacrificed. Multiparametric MRI (MRA, DWI, PWI, T2-WI) was performed at H0, during occlusion, and at H24, before sacrifice. Brain tissue was used for assay of F(2)- @entity10329 as lipid peroxidation markers. Initial lesion size and PWI/DWI mismatch were comparable in the four groups. Between H0 and H24, lesion size increased in the saline group (mean    s.d.: +18%    20%), was stable in the plasma group (-3%    29%), and decreased in the @entity4601 (-17%    15%, P=0.001 compared to saline) and AceDoPC (-34%    27%, P=0.001 compared to saline) groups. Neuroscores in the AceDoPC group tended to be lower than in the other groups (P=0.07). Treatments (pooled @entity4601 and AceDoPC groups) significantly decreased lipid peroxidation as compared to controls (pooled saline and vehicle) (P=0.03). MRI-based assessment demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of @entity4601 in the @entity2500 model. Results further highlighted the therapeutic potential of engineered brain-targeting forms of @entity9539 for @entity64 treatment.

title: Brain-targeting form of @entity4600 for experimental XXXX treatment: MRI evaluation and anti-oxidant impact.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAO']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']