abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity5 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity1978 -induced @entity105 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity19 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity1141 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity189 in situ and @entity957 developed after 28 weeks. @entity11517 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity189 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity6349 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity5 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity11517 proto-oncogene on @entity19 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity5 . @entity957 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity1613 and small @entity5 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity11517 activation, and initiation of @entity105 . The wild-type allele in @entity19 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity105 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity11517 ( XXXX ) point mutations are induced by @entity1978 in @entity19 oral squamous epithelia, @entity957 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity11517 :: (15461(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['H-ras']


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity5 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity1978 -induced @entity105 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity19 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity1141 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity189 in situ and @entity957 developed after 28 weeks. @entity11517 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity189 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity6349 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity5 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity11517 proto-oncogene on @entity19 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity5 . @entity957 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity1613 and small @entity5 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity11517 activation, and initiation of @entity105 . The wild-type allele in @entity19 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity105 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity11517 ( @entity11517 ) point mutations are induced by XXXX in @entity19 oral squamous epithelia, @entity957 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

entities_list: @entity1978 :: ('MESH:D015112', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplastic transformation', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Larger invasive squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas and 2 of 4 carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplasia']

answer: @entity1978 :: (MESH:D015112,Chemical) :: ['4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide']


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity5 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity1978 -induced @entity105 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity19 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity1141 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity189 in situ and @entity957 developed after 28 weeks. @entity11517 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity189 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity6349 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity5 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity11517 proto-oncogene on @entity19 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity5 . @entity957 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity1613 and small @entity5 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity11517 activation, and initiation of @entity105 . The wild-type allele in @entity19 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity105 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity11517 ( @entity11517 ) point mutations are induced by @entity1978 in XXXX oral squamous epithelia, @entity957 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Fifty-nine @entity1 operated on for @entity30 during the years 1954 to 1977 were studied. The observation time was from 1 to 24 years, mean 10 years. The operative mortality was 1.7%, and alter deaths from the disease and its complications 3.4%. The general state of health at the final follow-up observation was good for the large majority of the @entity1 . Ony four @entity1 (7%) had marked symptoms that affected the working capacity. Forty-four percent of the @entity1 had one or more recurrences. The average yearly recurrence rate was 6.1% in the first 10 years of observation. In the next 10 years this rate diminished to 2.2%. The recurrence rates were much lower (14%) when the margins of the resected intestine were free of the disease than when microscopic signs of the disease were present (66%). To obtain a free margin, rather wide resection and peroperative frozen-section evaluation of resection margins are recommended. Eleven out of 12 @entity1 with shunt operations had to be operated on again.

title: XXXX : long-term results of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5109 in @entity1 is the most common @entity85 . A precise diagnosis can sometimes be impossible to establish clinically. Radiologic imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of @entity85 . However conventional imaging techniques, such as plain radiographs of the foot, are of very little help in this age group because of the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. US presents a significant advantage because it permits the visualization of @entity2383 . This leads to the detailed assessment of @entity5109 in @entity1 . Furthermore, US can also be used as a dynamic imaging modality. Different scanning views are beneficial to evaluate the complete anatomy of the foot; depending on the suspected clinical diagnosis, some planes are more informative to display the pathological features of a @entity85 . We describe the US findings of five of the most common @entity5109 referred to our pediatric orthopedic clinic (clubfoot, simple metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, and oblique and @entity19312 ). For @entity85 we propose a specific imaging protocol based on US to provide an accurate diagnosis. US is a complementary tool to the clinical examination for determining the diagnosis and the severity of the @entity85 and also for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Radiologists investigating @entity5109 in @entity1 should consider using US for the detailed assessment of the foot in this age group.

title: Ultrasound evaluation of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities', 'Foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity19312 :: ('MESH:C536345', 'Disease') :: ['vertical talus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'specific deformity', 'musculoskeletal abnormalities', 'each deformity', 'congenital musculoskeletal condition']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous structures']

answer: @entity5109 :: (MESH:D005530,Disease) :: ['foot deformities']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5109 in @entity1 is the most common @entity85 . A precise diagnosis can sometimes be impossible to establish clinically. Radiologic imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of @entity85 . However conventional imaging techniques, such as plain radiographs of the foot, are of very little help in this age group because of the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. US presents a significant advantage because it permits the visualization of @entity2383 . This leads to the detailed assessment of @entity5109 in @entity1 . Furthermore, US can also be used as a dynamic imaging modality. Different scanning views are beneficial to evaluate the complete anatomy of the foot; depending on the suspected clinical diagnosis, some planes are more informative to display the pathological features of a @entity85 . We describe the US findings of five of the most common @entity5109 referred to our pediatric orthopedic clinic (clubfoot, simple metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, and oblique and @entity19312 ). For @entity85 we propose a specific imaging protocol based on US to provide an accurate diagnosis. US is a complementary tool to the clinical examination for determining the diagnosis and the severity of the @entity85 and also for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Radiologists investigating @entity5109 in @entity1 should consider using US for the detailed assessment of the foot in this age group.

title: Ultrasound evaluation of @entity5109 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trefoil factor 1 ( @entity49012 ) belongs to a family of secreted peptides that are mainly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, @entity49012 has been suggested to operate as a neuropeptide, however, its specific cellular expression, regulation and function remain largely unknown. We have previously shown that @entity49012 is expressed in developing and adult @entity35 ventral mesencephalic @entity4149 hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) dopaminergic neurons. Here, we investigated the expression of @entity49012 in @entity35 ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons (embryonic day 14) grown in culture for 5, 7 or 10days in the absence (controls) or presence of either @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ), @entity1928 or the combination. No @entity49012 -ir cells were identified at day 5 and only a few at day 7, whereas TH was markedly expressed at both time points. At day 10, several @entity49012 -ir cells were detected, and their numbers were significantly increased after the addition of @entity10157 (2.2-fold) or @entity1928 (4.1-fold) compared to controls. Furthermore, the combination of @entity10157 and @entity1928 had an additive effect and increased the number of @entity49012 -ir cells by 5.6-fold compared to controls. @entity49012 expression was restricted to neuronal cells, and the percentage of TH/ @entity49012 co-expressing cells was increased to the same extent in @entity10157 and @entity1928 -treated cultures (4-fold) as compared to controls. Interestingly, the combination of @entity10157 and @entity1928 resulted in a significantly increased co-expression (8-fold) of TH/ @entity49012 , which could indicate that @entity10157 and @entity1928 targeted different subpopulations of TH/ @entity49012 neurons. Short-term treatment with @entity1928 resulted in an increased number of @entity49012 -ir cells, and this effect was significantly reduced by the @entity23320 inhibitor @entity4286 or the @entity12175 ( @entity12175 ) inhibitor @entity9501 , suggesting that @entity1928 induced @entity49012 expression through diverse signaling pathways. In conclusion, distinct populations of cultured dopaminergic neurons express @entity49012 , and their numbers can be increased by factors known to influence survival and differentiation of dopaminergic cells.

title: Effects of XXXX on Trefoil factor 1 expression in cultured ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

answer: @entity1928 :: (MESH:D005576,Chemical) :: ['Forskolin']


abstract: The establishment of neural precursor cells in @entity238 depends on cell-cell interactions and lateral inhibition. Scabrous ( @entity71216 ) is involved in this process by preventing an excess of cells from adopting a neural precursor fate. Specifically in eye development, @entity71216 protein function has been implicated in the spacing pattern that is essential for the ordered appearance of the ommatidial array. During this process @entity71216 expression is restricted to neurogenic groups of cells and later to the neural precursors. We report that ectopic @entity71216 expression in the morphogenetic furrow results in a rough eye phenotype with oversized and fused ommatidia. These defects in @entity735 are due to the generation of too many ommatidial preclusters in the morphogenetic furrow. Strikingly, @entity71216 loss-of-function mutants have an almost identical phenotype. Our results suggest that @entity71216 plays a positive role in establishing the spacing pattern within the furrow and that the quantitative difference in @entity71216 expression between neighboring groups of cells is a determining factor in this process. Ectopic expression of @entity71216 also represses endogenous @entity71216 expression in the furrow, suggesting that @entity71216 is involved in a feedback loop affecting its own transcription. Interestingly, @entity71216 shares homology to a group of extracellular matrix proteins that have been implicated in neuronal differentiation. We present a model for @entity71216 function based on its phenotypic and molecular features.

title: Confrontation of scabrous expressing and non-expressing cells is essential for normal ommatidial spacing in the XXXX eye.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['adult eyes']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Cough is an important symptom of many @entity1576 . We determined the frequency and diurnal variation of cough in normal subjects and in @entity1 with @entity565 or with persistent cough of unknown cause. We used a portable, solid-state, multiple-channel recorder to record cough sounds over a 24 h period. The audio-signal was recorded from a unidirectional microphone strapped over the chest wall, and electromyographic (EMG) signals from the lower respiratory muscles were simultaneously registered with surface electrodes. The recorded digital data were examined on an IBM-compatible computer, and the typical signals induced by cough (as assessed by voluntary or experimentally-induced cough) were counted. In 12 normal subjects, only 0-16 coughs were recorded over 24 h. In 21 stable @entity748 with a history of chronic cough (" @entity565 ") the median number was 282 (ranges: 45-1,577), and in 14 @entity1 with the predominant symptom of daily dry coughs ("chronic coughers") the median number was 794 (64-3,639). In both groups of @entity1 , there was a diurnal variation of coughs, such that the least numbers occurred between 2 and 5 a.m. (< 3% of total). In the @entity565 group, there was no significant correlation between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (% predicted) or diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow and cough frequency. In the chronic coughers, there was a significant correlation between daytime cough numbers and daytime cough symptoms scores but not for the night-time values. Our data show that cough frequency is not determined by the severity of @entity565 in relatively stable @entity748 on inhaled @entity230 , and is reduced during sleep in both @entity748 and chronic cough @entity1 . This portable cough recorder may be useful in the assessment of drug therapy for chronic cough.

title: Coughing frequency in XXXX with persistent cough: assessment using a 24 hour ambulatory recorder.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Demonstration of central @entity4595 (CB) with normal peripheral bronchi is an essential requirement for the diagnosis of @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ). Although the results of bronchography remain the gold standard for demonstration of central @entity4595 they are not always diagnostic. Moreover, it is an unpleasant invasive procedure which may be difficult to perform in a @entity1 of @entity5929 with acute severe @entity565 . In an attempt to find a safe and effective alternative to demonstrate central @entity4595 computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was evaluated against bronchography. Twenty one @entity1 with @entity5929 underwent computed tomography of the thorax followed by bronchography. Of the 378 bronchopulmonary segments available for analysis, 42 had to be excluded because of consolidation or non-filling of the contrast dye, leaving 336 segments for evaluation. CB was identified on CT in all 21 @entity1 . Detailed analysis of the visualized segments revealed that computed tomography (using 8 mm contiguous scans) identified 146 of the 212 segments showing central @entity4595 on bronchography (sensitivity 70%) and 114 of the 124, read as normal on bronchography (specificity 92%). Supplemental 4 mm scans, used in 8 out of 21 @entity1 improved the overall sensitivity of computed tomography to 83%, whilst the specificity remained unchanged at 92%. Thus, computed tomography of the thorax, being more acceptable to the @entity1 , has the potential of being the investigation of choice for the demonstration of central @entity4595 in @entity1 with @entity5929 .

title: Central XXXX in @entity5929 : comparative evaluation of computed tomography of the thorax with bronchography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: Demonstration of central @entity4595 (CB) with normal peripheral bronchi is an essential requirement for the diagnosis of @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ). Although the results of bronchography remain the gold standard for demonstration of central @entity4595 they are not always diagnostic. Moreover, it is an unpleasant invasive procedure which may be difficult to perform in a @entity1 of @entity5929 with acute severe @entity565 . In an attempt to find a safe and effective alternative to demonstrate central @entity4595 computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was evaluated against bronchography. Twenty one @entity1 with @entity5929 underwent computed tomography of the thorax followed by bronchography. Of the 378 bronchopulmonary segments available for analysis, 42 had to be excluded because of consolidation or non-filling of the contrast dye, leaving 336 segments for evaluation. CB was identified on CT in all 21 @entity1 . Detailed analysis of the visualized segments revealed that computed tomography (using 8 mm contiguous scans) identified 146 of the 212 segments showing central @entity4595 on bronchography (sensitivity 70%) and 114 of the 124, read as normal on bronchography (specificity 92%). Supplemental 4 mm scans, used in 8 out of 21 @entity1 improved the overall sensitivity of computed tomography to 83%, whilst the specificity remained unchanged at 92%. Thus, computed tomography of the thorax, being more acceptable to the @entity1 , has the potential of being the investigation of choice for the demonstration of central @entity4595 in @entity1 with @entity5929 .

title: Central @entity4595 in XXXX : comparative evaluation of computed tomography of the thorax with bronchography.

answer: @entity5929 :: (MESH:D001229,Disease) :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: During @entity34201 , neutrophils generate reactive @entity26 metabolites and release lysosomal enzymes into the extracellular medium. We have investigated the possibility that these enzyme are inactivated by the @entity26 compounds. Phagocytosing neutrophils from 12 @entity1 with @entity1117 , which do not generate these @entity26 metabolites, released two to three times more activity of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase than did normal neutrophils. This difference proved to be due to a decrease of approximately 20% of the total activity of these enzymes in normal neutrophils, but not in neutrophils of @entity1 with @entity1117 . This inactivation of enzymes took place during @entity34201 of opsonized zymosan particles as well as during stimulation of normal cells with @entity4514 . The inactivation was not due to formation of inhibitors. The lysosomal enzymes were not activated when the neutrophils were stimulated under anaerobic conditions. Addition of @entity2196 , @entity224 dismutase, or albumin gave no protection against the oxidative damage; reduced @entity2041 gave partial protection. The oxidative inactivation was more pronounced in the presence of @entity2769 . Measurement of the activity and the amount of protein of acid alpha-glucosidase in the cells showed that the specific activity of this enzyme decreased by approximately 50% during 30 min of @entity34201 . This indicates that the inactivation of the lysosomal enzymes takes place in the phagolysosomes, before the enzymes have leaked into the extracellular medium.

title: Phagocytosing XXXX neutrophils inactivate their own granular enzymes.

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity34201 :: ('MESH:C566808', 'Disease') :: ['phagocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Primary @entity43 is rare, with ovary more commonly involved secondarily in generalized disease. Primary @entity43 presents as mass in the ovary with chronic symptoms; an acute presentation has not been described previously. A 75-year-old female presented with acute abdomen and features of peritonism. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated large mass in left ovary along with infiltration of adjacent sigmoid colon causing perforation and @entity516 . Few jejunal loops were also involved. Intraoperatively, there was left ovarian mass infiltrating the sigmoid colon with perforation and @entity298 . Distal jejunal loops were adherent to the @entity5 . The involved sigmoid colon was resected with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and resection of adherent jejunal loops. Histopathology revealed ovarian tissue with @entity39 composed of small-to medium-sized round cells exhibiting nuclear irregularity and scanty cytoplasm, forming discohesive sheets with the @entity5 infiltrating the retroperitoneal remnant tissue and resected bowel. This case highlights an unusual presentation of primary @entity43 .

title: High-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of ovary presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['fecal peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An improvement in clinical parameters along with regeneration is the desired outcome of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze and contrast the efficaciousness of combined open @entity1912 debridement (OFD) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SECTG) to OFD in the management of periodontal @entity154 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally, 20 paired sites exhibiting @entity154 were subjected to surgical treatment adopting the split mouth design. The defects were divided randomly for treatment with OFD and SECTG (test) or OFD alone (control). The clinical effectiveness of the two arms of treatment was evaluated at 6 months and 12 months post-operatively by assessing clinical and radiographic parameters. The measurements carried out included @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ), relative attachment level (RAL), gingival marginal level, radiographic bone level (BL). RESULTS: The mean reduction in @entity5951 at 0-12 months was 3.20    0.82 mm and RAL gain of 3.10    1.51 mm was observed, the OFD and SECTG (test) group; corresponding observations for OFD (control) were 2.10    0.63 mm and 1.90    0.57 mm. However, BL changes did not follow the pattern of clinical improvement on the radiographic assessment of either treatment group. Post-operative evaluation was made. Improvement in different clinical parameters was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity154 with a combination of OFD and SECTG led to significantly better clinical results compared to OFD alone.

title: A 12 Months Clinical and Radiographic Study to Assess the Efficacy of Open XXXX Debridement and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft in Management of Supracrestal Defects.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['supracrestal defects']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'probing pocket depth']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity32 and anti- @entity82 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity4045 on @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced @entity99 in @entity35 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity4045 , @entity2796 and @entity4045 + @entity2796 treated groups. @entity35 were administrated @entity2796 together with or without @entity4045 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity4045 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity4026 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity4045 significantly attenuated @entity2796 -induced @entity99 . The serum transaminase and @entity1865 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity6172 were increased, as compared with the @entity2796 -treated group. @entity4045 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ) activation induced by @entity2796 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity4045 treated group. @entity1502 could ameliorate the effects of @entity7008 -induced @entity99 in @entity35 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity4026 activation.

title: Protective effects of @entity1502 on XXXX induced by @entity7008 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'acute liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['acute liver injury']


abstract: @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity32 and anti- @entity82 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity4045 on @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced @entity99 in @entity35 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity4045 , @entity2796 and @entity4045 + @entity2796 treated groups. @entity35 were administrated @entity2796 together with or without @entity4045 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity4045 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity4026 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity4045 significantly attenuated @entity2796 -induced @entity99 . The serum transaminase and @entity1865 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity6172 were increased, as compared with the @entity2796 -treated group. @entity4045 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ) activation induced by @entity2796 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity4045 treated group. @entity1502 could ameliorate the effects of @entity7008 -induced @entity99 in @entity35 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity4026 activation.

title: Protective effects of @entity1502 on @entity99 induced by XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity7008 :: (MESH:D013853,Chemical) :: ['thioacetamide']


abstract: @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity32 and anti- @entity82 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity4045 on @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced @entity99 in @entity35 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity4045 , @entity2796 and @entity4045 + @entity2796 treated groups. @entity35 were administrated @entity2796 together with or without @entity4045 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity4045 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity4026 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity4045 significantly attenuated @entity2796 -induced @entity99 . The serum transaminase and @entity1865 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity6172 were increased, as compared with the @entity2796 -treated group. @entity4045 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ) activation induced by @entity2796 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity4045 treated group. @entity1502 could ameliorate the effects of @entity7008 -induced @entity99 in @entity35 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity4026 activation.

title: Protective effects of XXXX on @entity99 induced by @entity7008 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['pentoxifylline']


abstract: @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity32 and anti- @entity82 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity4045 on @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced @entity99 in @entity35 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity4045 , @entity2796 and @entity4045 + @entity2796 treated groups. @entity35 were administrated @entity2796 together with or without @entity4045 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity4045 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity4026 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity4045 significantly attenuated @entity2796 -induced @entity99 . The serum transaminase and @entity1865 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity6172 were increased, as compared with the @entity2796 -treated group. @entity4045 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ) activation induced by @entity2796 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity4045 treated group. @entity1502 could ameliorate the effects of @entity7008 -induced @entity99 in @entity35 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity4026 activation.

title: Protective effects of @entity1502 on @entity99 induced by @entity7008 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 worldwide and about 85% of these are @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Several new chemotherapeutic agents have recently shown encouraging activity in @entity1149 , especially @entity1205 . MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) are closely related to @entity5 development. We studied miRNAs in @entity1149 cell lines to identify those that can regulate and predict the effectiveness of @entity1205 on @entity1149 . CCK8, Annexin and V- @entity2823 assays were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of @entity1205 on @entity1149 cell linesA549 and H460, and qRT-PCR was used to detect and compare six miRNAs expression levels in the two cells with @entity1205 or not. Knockdown of @entity12333 by RNA interference and overexpression of @entity12333 were taken to evaluatethe effect of @entity12333 on @entity1205 effectiveness. Western blotting was used to evaluate the effect of @entity12333 on @entity588 in A549 and @entity1 cells. @entity1205 induced @entity1149 cell apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation in vitro. @entity12333 expression levels were increased by @entity1205 in the two cell lines. @entity12333 overexpression improved anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of @entity1205 on the @entity1149 cells and that @entity12333 down-regulation decreased those effects. Moreover, subsequent experiments showed that @entity588 was downregulated by @entity12333 at both transcriptional and translational levels. This study further extends the biological role of @entity12333 in @entity1149 A549 and @entity1 cells and identifies @entity588 as a novel target possibly involved in @entity12333 -mediated growth suppression and apoptosis induction of @entity1149 cells.

title: @entity1205 inhibits the proliferation of XXXX cells via upregulation of microRNA-7 expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 worldwide and about 85% of these are @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Several new chemotherapeutic agents have recently shown encouraging activity in @entity1149 , especially @entity1205 . MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) are closely related to @entity5 development. We studied miRNAs in @entity1149 cell lines to identify those that can regulate and predict the effectiveness of @entity1205 on @entity1149 . CCK8, Annexin and V- @entity2823 assays were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of @entity1205 on @entity1149 cell linesA549 and H460, and qRT-PCR was used to detect and compare six miRNAs expression levels in the two cells with @entity1205 or not. Knockdown of @entity12333 by RNA interference and overexpression of @entity12333 were taken to evaluatethe effect of @entity12333 on @entity1205 effectiveness. Western blotting was used to evaluate the effect of @entity12333 on @entity588 in A549 and @entity1 cells. @entity1205 induced @entity1149 cell apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation in vitro. @entity12333 expression levels were increased by @entity1205 in the two cell lines. @entity12333 overexpression improved anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of @entity1205 on the @entity1149 cells and that @entity12333 down-regulation decreased those effects. Moreover, subsequent experiments showed that @entity588 was downregulated by @entity12333 at both transcriptional and translational levels. This study further extends the biological role of @entity12333 in @entity1149 A549 and @entity1 cells and identifies @entity588 as a novel target possibly involved in @entity12333 -mediated growth suppression and apoptosis induction of @entity1149 cells.

title: XXXX inhibits the proliferation of @entity1149 cells via upregulation of microRNA-7 expression.

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: The armadillo repeat proteins were first found in armadillo gene of @entity238 . Since then a number of proteins containing armadillo repeats have been noticed and studied. These proteins that consist of 6 to 13 armadillo repeat domains are classified as family of armadillo repeat proteins. Recently, several studies indicated that armadillo repeat family of proteins play an important role in the tumorigenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. @entity71217 (Arm protein lost in @entity5 , on chromosome X), contains two armadillo repeats domains, is expressed different in normal and @entity189 tissues. Several studies have found that @entity71217 protein lost in @entity5 that originated in epithelial tissues. We evaluated the @entity71217 protein expression in 53 @entity5 and in 53 non-cancerous cervical tissues from @entity1 and adjacent non-cancerous tissues using immunohistochemistry RESULTS: @entity71217 protein expression is significantly increased in 53 @entity5 tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. We found, for the first time, that @entity71217 protein expression in @entity5 tissues is higher than non-cancerous tissues. It is suggested that the @entity71217 protein is associated with tumorigenesis in cervical @entity5 and we speculate that the @entity71217 may plays a role as an oncogene in cervical @entity5 . Moreover, @entity71217 may serve as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker in identifying cervical @entity5 .

title: XXXX may be a novel biomarker for @entity1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'cancer', 'cervical cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity71217 :: (51309,Gene) :: ['ALEX1']


abstract: The armadillo repeat proteins were first found in armadillo gene of @entity238 . Since then a number of proteins containing armadillo repeats have been noticed and studied. These proteins that consist of 6 to 13 armadillo repeat domains are classified as family of armadillo repeat proteins. Recently, several studies indicated that armadillo repeat family of proteins play an important role in the tumorigenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. @entity71217 (Arm protein lost in @entity5 , on chromosome X), contains two armadillo repeats domains, is expressed different in normal and @entity189 tissues. Several studies have found that @entity71217 protein lost in @entity5 that originated in epithelial tissues. We evaluated the @entity71217 protein expression in 53 @entity5 and in 53 non-cancerous cervical tissues from @entity1 and adjacent non-cancerous tissues using immunohistochemistry RESULTS: @entity71217 protein expression is significantly increased in 53 @entity5 tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. We found, for the first time, that @entity71217 protein expression in @entity5 tissues is higher than non-cancerous tissues. It is suggested that the @entity71217 protein is associated with tumorigenesis in cervical @entity5 and we speculate that the @entity71217 may plays a role as an oncogene in cervical @entity5 . Moreover, @entity71217 may serve as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker in identifying cervical @entity5 .

title: @entity71217 may be a novel biomarker for XXXX cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 25 @entity1 with @entity6582 (absolute increase in red cell mass without conventional criteria of primary @entity11998 or known underlying cause) have been further studied for evidence of primary or secondary @entity11998 . Additional non-conventional criteria used were: platelet distribution width, platelet @entity377 ratio, serum @entity1307 , clinical evidence of @entity455 and erythroid culture variables in serum-free system. All had been used in an earlier study in score form to assist in the diagnosis of primary @entity11998 . These @entity1 were also newly assessed for the presence of @entity519 (supine oximeter values, history suggestive of @entity25 ), for @entity8 and for @entity1283 (impalpable) by ultrasound or computerized tomography. 7 @entity1 had erythroid culture scores suggesting primary @entity11998 but the addition of non-culture criteria did not result in any scores more strongly predictive of primary @entity11998 . Supine oximeter values < 92% suggested hypoxaemia as the mechanism of @entity11998 in 3 @entity1 in whom it had not previously been suspected. Some @entity1283 (impalpable) was demonstrated in 6 @entity1 , only 1 of whom had erythroid culture scores suggesting primary @entity11998 . 12 @entity1 had confirmed, raised @entity1307 levels. We conclude that @entity6582 refers to a heterogenous group of @entity1 . Features of primary or secondary @entity11998 may be demonstrated in some of them by additional new study techniques. The raised @entity1307 values found in half the @entity1 were unexpected.

title: XXXX --additional new study techniques suggest a heterogenous group.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic erythrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['splenic enlargement']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic erythrocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity40131 , a @entity5759 derivative, in the treatment of hot flushes induced by @entity1176 agonists ( @entity1176 -a) and to study peripheral blood mononuclear cell @entity4545 concentrations during drug administration. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. SETTING: Academic department of obstetrics and gynecology. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 of mean age 43 +/- 5 years who experienced disturbing hot flushes during a 4-month course of tryptorelin depot for @entity1868 -associated @entity931 . INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with oral @entity40131 100 mg/d (20 subjects) or matching placebo (20 subjects) during the third month of @entity1176 -a administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Modifications of frequency and severity of hot flushes as shown by a 0 to 6-point vasomotor scoring system and variations of @entity4545 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: Two subjects in each group dropped out of the study. The median (range) vasomotor score at the end of the second month of treatment was 4 (3 to 6) in both the @entity40131 and placebo group. At the end of the third and fourth months the median (range) scores were, respectively, 2 (0 to 6) versus 4 (1 to 6) and 2 (0 to 5) versus 4 (1 to 6). No significant variations in mononuclear cell @entity4545 concentrations were recorded. Serum PRL levels rose from 11.7 +/- 5.7 to 132.3 +/- 65.0 ng/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.0) during @entity40131 administration and returned to 10.6 +/- 3.7 ng/mL after drug withdrawal. CONCLUSION: @entity40131 reduced vasomotor symptoms induced by a @entity1176 -a. Transient @entity4089 was the main side effect observed. The mode of action of the drug in @entity1176 -a-treated @entity1 and possible interactions with endogenous opioid peptides need further elucidation.

title: XXXX for hot flushes induced by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity40131 :: ('MESH:C027429', 'Chemical') :: ['Veralipride', 'veralipride']

entities_list: @entity5759 :: ('MESH:C037689', 'Chemical') :: ['benzamide']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity40131 :: (MESH:C027429,Chemical) :: ['Veralipride']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of @entity260 on long-term outcome has been reported in several types of @entity5 . However, it is unclear why @entity260 affect long-term outcome. The aim of this study is evaluating whether @entity260 occurrence or @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) elevation better reflects long-term outcome in @entity356 @entity1 . METHODS: This study included 305 @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for pT2-T4b @entity356 . @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the peak @entity1851 value (CRPmax ): low (<12   mg/dl) and high CRPmax (>= 12   mg/dl). A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: @entity260 (>= Grade II) occurred in 86 of 305 @entity1 (28.2%). Although @entity1851 elevation (P   =   0.001) and @entity260 occurrence (P   =   0.045) was each significantly associated with @entity1349 in the univariate analysis, multivariate analysis identified @entity1851 elevation (P   =   0.017) but not complication occurrence (P   =   0.682) as an independent prognostic factor. Among @entity1 without complications, those in the high CRPmax group had significantly worse @entity1349 than those in the low CRPmax group (P   =   0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1851 elevation is a more reliable indicator of survival after @entity356 surgery than @entity260 occurrence. Surgeons should minimize the postoperative inflammatory response to improve prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Which is a more reliable indicator of survival after @entity356 surgery: Postoperative complication occurrence or XXXX elevation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of @entity260 on long-term outcome has been reported in several types of @entity5 . However, it is unclear why @entity260 affect long-term outcome. The aim of this study is evaluating whether @entity260 occurrence or @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) elevation better reflects long-term outcome in @entity356 @entity1 . METHODS: This study included 305 @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for pT2-T4b @entity356 . @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the peak @entity1851 value (CRPmax ): low (<12   mg/dl) and high CRPmax (>= 12   mg/dl). A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: @entity260 (>= Grade II) occurred in 86 of 305 @entity1 (28.2%). Although @entity1851 elevation (P   =   0.001) and @entity260 occurrence (P   =   0.045) was each significantly associated with @entity1349 in the univariate analysis, multivariate analysis identified @entity1851 elevation (P   =   0.017) but not complication occurrence (P   =   0.682) as an independent prognostic factor. Among @entity1 without complications, those in the high CRPmax group had significantly worse @entity1349 than those in the low CRPmax group (P   =   0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1851 elevation is a more reliable indicator of survival after @entity356 surgery than @entity260 occurrence. Surgeons should minimize the postoperative inflammatory response to improve prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Which is a more reliable indicator of survival after XXXX surgery: Postoperative complication occurrence or @entity1851 elevation?

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies including two meta-analyses have showed that delay between surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy adversely impacts @entity14 survival. This study investigated this impact at a population level over a fifteen year period in England. METHODS: The Hospital Episode Statistics database was analysed between 1997 and 2012. @entity694 and @entity5 @entity1 were collated and multivariate Cox regression analyses were undertaken to ascertain the relationship between chemotherapy delay and overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 181  984 @entity1 underwent resection without any reoperation (106  477 (58.5%) having @entity694 and 75  507 (41.5%) having @entity5 ). In total, 30  836 (16.9%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. 9019 (49.3%), 4573 (25.0%), 2587 (14.1%), 1323 (7.2%) and 804 (4.4%) of 18  306 @entity694 @entity1 received within 8 weeks, 8-10 weeks, 10-12 weeks, 12-14 weeks and 14-16 weeks, respectively. Sequentially worse overall survival was observed: <8 weeks: Ref; 8-10  wks: Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.09; 10-12  wks: HR 1.13; 12-14  wks HR 1.32 and 14-16  wks: HR 1.32, p  <  0.001. 5625 (44.9%), 3087 (24.6%), 1940 (15.5%), 1162 (9.3%) and 716 (5.7%) of 12  530 @entity5 @entity1 received within 8 weeks, 8-10 weeks, 10-12 weeks, 12-14 weeks and 14-16 weeks, respectively. Sequentially worse overall survival was observed: <8 weeks: Ref; 8-10  wks: HR 1.09; 10-12  wks: HR 1.22; 12-14  wks HR 1.23 and 14-16  wks: HR 1.31, p  <  0.001. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy delay adversely impacts colonic and @entity5 survival. Efforts to prevent complications such as reoperation and to improve access to chemotherapy services, will improve survival in this @entity1 cohort.

title: The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy timing on overall survival following XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer', 'Colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver fat-storing cells (FSCs) actively proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix during @entity99 . Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for cultured FSCs. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of PDGF gene expression and production in cultured @entity1 liver FSCs. METHODS: @entity6005 -chain and B-chain expression was analyzed by Northern blotting and ribonuclease protection assay, respectively. Secretion of PDGF was evaluated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting of conditioned medium and metabolic labeling of FSC followed by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: Three @entity6005 -chain transcripts were detectable. Stimulation of FSC with @entity4514 (10(-7) mol/L) or PDGF BB (20 ng/mL) increased steady-state levels of @entity9483 messenger RNA. PDGF AA had a small stimulatory effect on A-chain but not B-chain messenger RNA levels. FSCs secrete PDGF in the conditioned medium. The secreted protein is bioactive, because concentrated conditioned medium induced an increase in @entity1014 incorporation that was inhibited by anti-PDGF antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that cultured FSCs express @entity6005 - and B-chain genes and release bioactive PDGF in the culture medium. These data raise the possibility of an autocrine or short-loop paracrine effect of PDGF in FSCs as a mechanism contributing to the maintenance of the proliferative state during @entity99 .

title: Regulation of platelet-derived growth factor secretion and gene expression in XXXX liver fat-storing cells.

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 is a well-established model to study essential @entity101 . We first described a subgroup of these @entity35 based on the unique response pattern in systolic blood pressure during the first weeks of exposure to a high salt diet that included @entity231 formation. We classified this group as @entity231 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 . We also were able to predict and prevent @entity231 formation in these @entity35 . Further studies showed an inhibition of lens @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase activity which may be in part responsible for the @entity231 formation. Other studies in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 maintained on a high salt diet have also shown decreased @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase activity in several tissues and increased levels of endogenous circulating @entity4024 , @entity3529 pump inhibitors. For over 20 years, endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 have been postulated to inhibit @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase in both @entity1 as well as in experimental animal models of @entity101 . Recent findings have shown results suggesting that there are several forms of cardiotonic @entity230 with minor differences in structural functionalities, site of production, and specific pump selectivity. We present original data that supports a role for cardiotonic @entity230 in disease progression related to increased salt-sensitivity. We found increased levels of free endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 in those @entity35 that were classified as @entity231 -prone according to their initial systolic blood pressure response to a high salt intake when compared to non- @entity231 prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 and their control Dahl salt-resistant @entity35 . The @entity231 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 is an animal model that can help and contribute to open a new door to possibly elucidate the role of endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases related to salt-sensitive @entity101 .

title: A New Animal Model to Study Endogenous Cardiotonic XXXX and the Progression of Cardiovascular Events in Salt-Sensitive @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 is a well-established model to study essential @entity101 . We first described a subgroup of these @entity35 based on the unique response pattern in systolic blood pressure during the first weeks of exposure to a high salt diet that included @entity231 formation. We classified this group as @entity231 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 . We also were able to predict and prevent @entity231 formation in these @entity35 . Further studies showed an inhibition of lens @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase activity which may be in part responsible for the @entity231 formation. Other studies in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 maintained on a high salt diet have also shown decreased @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase activity in several tissues and increased levels of endogenous circulating @entity4024 , @entity3529 pump inhibitors. For over 20 years, endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 have been postulated to inhibit @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase in both @entity1 as well as in experimental animal models of @entity101 . Recent findings have shown results suggesting that there are several forms of cardiotonic @entity230 with minor differences in structural functionalities, site of production, and specific pump selectivity. We present original data that supports a role for cardiotonic @entity230 in disease progression related to increased salt-sensitivity. We found increased levels of free endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 in those @entity35 that were classified as @entity231 -prone according to their initial systolic blood pressure response to a high salt intake when compared to non- @entity231 prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 and their control Dahl salt-resistant @entity35 . The @entity231 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 is an animal model that can help and contribute to open a new door to possibly elucidate the role of endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases related to salt-sensitive @entity101 .

title: A New Animal Model to Study Endogenous Cardiotonic @entity230 and the Progression of Cardiovascular Events in Salt-Sensitive XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several clinical, epidemiological, and animal studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may alter the incidence of @entity14 . A likely target for NSAIDs is cyclooxygenase, a key enzyme in @entity1426 metabolism. Two isoforms of this enzyme have been identified; @entity9859 and @entity2247 . The present study was undertaken to determine if there is differential expression of these isoforms in @entity14 , and, if so, at what stage in malignant transformation this occurs. METHODS: @entity9859 and @entity2247 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from @entity1 @entity14 , @entity652 , and accompanying normal mucosa. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in @entity2247 mRNA levels in 12 of 14 @entity189 (86%) compared with paired normal mucosa. In contrast, there was equivalent intensity of the @entity9859 mRNA transcript between the normal mucosa and @entity5 in all 14 cases. In six pairs of @entity2513 and normal mucosa, three showed up-regulation of @entity2247 in the @entity652 compared with the normal mucosa. Because @entity2247 expression is low to undetectable in normal colorectal mucosa, 14 unpaired @entity652 were examined for @entity2247 expression; a clearly detectable transcript was identified in six (43%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2247 , but not @entity9859 , gene expression is markedly elevated in most @entity1 @entity14 compared with accompanying normal mucosa. Furthermore, @entity2247 expression seems to be increased in a subset of @entity652 . @entity2247 may provide an attractive therapeutic target in @entity14 .

title: Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in @entity1 XXXX and adenocarcinomas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several clinical, epidemiological, and animal studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may alter the incidence of @entity14 . A likely target for NSAIDs is cyclooxygenase, a key enzyme in @entity1426 metabolism. Two isoforms of this enzyme have been identified; @entity9859 and @entity2247 . The present study was undertaken to determine if there is differential expression of these isoforms in @entity14 , and, if so, at what stage in malignant transformation this occurs. METHODS: @entity9859 and @entity2247 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from @entity1 @entity14 , @entity652 , and accompanying normal mucosa. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in @entity2247 mRNA levels in 12 of 14 @entity189 (86%) compared with paired normal mucosa. In contrast, there was equivalent intensity of the @entity9859 mRNA transcript between the normal mucosa and @entity5 in all 14 cases. In six pairs of @entity2513 and normal mucosa, three showed up-regulation of @entity2247 in the @entity652 compared with the normal mucosa. Because @entity2247 expression is low to undetectable in normal colorectal mucosa, 14 unpaired @entity652 were examined for @entity2247 expression; a clearly detectable transcript was identified in six (43%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2247 , but not @entity9859 , gene expression is markedly elevated in most @entity1 @entity14 compared with accompanying normal mucosa. Furthermore, @entity2247 expression seems to be increased in a subset of @entity652 . @entity2247 may provide an attractive therapeutic target in @entity14 .

title: Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in XXXX @entity2513 and adenocarcinomas.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Few studies have compared the precision of various diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of @entity355 . The aim of this study was to compare the results of histological, endoscopic, and manometric tests for @entity1 with @entity355 in two closely spaced examinations. METHODS: In a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, 192 @entity1 with complicated @entity354 had esophageal manometry and endoscopy performed at baseline and after 6 weeks. At each examination, the endoscopist localized the most proximal level of Barrett's epithelium and the lower esophageal sphincter and obtained esophageal biopsy specimens. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen @entity1 met the criteria for @entity355 on at least one of the two endoscopic examinations. Among @entity1 with specialized columnar epithelium, 20% had specialized columnar epithelium found on only one of the two examinations. Although the mean lower esophageal sphincter level did not change, approximately 10% of @entity1 had a change > or = 4 cm on endoscopy and manometry between examinations. This led to an apparent change in the diagnosis in 18% of @entity1 with @entity355 . CONCLUSIONS: From one endoscopic examination to another, inconsistencies in the ability to detect specialized columnar epithelium are common. This may lead to substantial problems in establishing an accurate diagnosis of @entity355 .

title: Diagnostic inconsistencies in XXXX . Department of Veterans Affairs Gastroesophageal Reflux Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute @entity294 after marrow transplant is usually ascribed to acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) or @entity281 , with a reported 40%-50% incidence of @entity281 . The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of acute @entity294 after transplantation, its causes, and its outcome. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-six @entity1 were followed up; @entity1 with @entity294 were studied using standard evaluation of stool plus immunoelectron microscopy; assays for astrovirus, picobirnavirus, and @entity43939 ; and gene-probe methods for toxin-producing @entity526 . In 38 @entity1 with @entity294 , intestinal biopsy specimens and duodenal fluid were also analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred fifty acute @entity5163 developed in 126 @entity1 (an incidence of 43%). @entity281 was found in 20 of 150 episodes: viruses (astrovirus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and rotavirus) in 12 @entity1 , nosocomially acquired bacteria ( @entity2718 and Aeromonas) in 7 @entity1 , and @entity325 in 1 @entity1 . Acute @entity2132 was responsible for 72 of 150 episodes (48%). Clinical signs and symptoms of @entity281 and @entity2132 were similar. In 58 of 150 episodes (39%), no clear etiology could be found for self-limited @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 accounted for 13% and acute @entity2132 for 48% of @entity5163 . The most common infecting organisms were astrovirus, @entity2718 , and adenovirus. Most cases of @entity294 after marrow transplant are not caused by @entity281 .

title: Etiology and outcome of XXXX after marrow transplantation: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal episodes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-vs.-host disease', 'GVHD']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: 1. In this study we evaluated, in intact awake @entity35 , the effects of @entity1808 (AII) and vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) on venous tone to explain their different hemodynamic effects. 2. Cardiac index (CI) was measured by thermodilution. AII and @entity1831 were infused at the doses adjusted to increase mean arterial pressure 25, 50 and 70% above baseline. Lower doses of @entity1831 than AII were necessary to increase mean arterial pressure at the same levels. 3. To study whether the different effects of AII and @entity1831 on CI may be explained by their different actions on the venous system, changes in venous tone were evaluated by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and determining the pressure gradient for venous return (PGVR). 4. @entity1831 induced a decrease in CI from 32.5 +/- 2.2 to 23.1 +/- 1.7 and 15.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01) with the second and third level of increase in afterload respectively, whereas AII at the same levels of afterload decreased CI from 34.8 +/- 1.3 to 28.3 +/- 2.3 and 23.4 +/- 1.7 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the rise in total peripheral resistances (TPR) was greater with @entity1831 than with AII at the highest level of afterload (P < 0.05). Heart rate significantly decreased more in the animals infused with @entity1831 than with AII. 5. There were no changes in MCFP and PGVR with either AII or @entity1831 . 6. These results indicate that in intact awake @entity35 the larger fall in CI induced by @entity1831 can not be explained only by a greater decrease in HR since at highest levels of afterload @entity1831 decreased SV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular effects of XXXX in intact awake @entity35 .

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II and vasopressin']


abstract: 1. In this study we evaluated, in intact awake @entity35 , the effects of @entity1808 (AII) and vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) on venous tone to explain their different hemodynamic effects. 2. Cardiac index (CI) was measured by thermodilution. AII and @entity1831 were infused at the doses adjusted to increase mean arterial pressure 25, 50 and 70% above baseline. Lower doses of @entity1831 than AII were necessary to increase mean arterial pressure at the same levels. 3. To study whether the different effects of AII and @entity1831 on CI may be explained by their different actions on the venous system, changes in venous tone were evaluated by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and determining the pressure gradient for venous return (PGVR). 4. @entity1831 induced a decrease in CI from 32.5 +/- 2.2 to 23.1 +/- 1.7 and 15.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01) with the second and third level of increase in afterload respectively, whereas AII at the same levels of afterload decreased CI from 34.8 +/- 1.3 to 28.3 +/- 2.3 and 23.4 +/- 1.7 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the rise in total peripheral resistances (TPR) was greater with @entity1831 than with AII at the highest level of afterload (P < 0.05). Heart rate significantly decreased more in the animals infused with @entity1831 than with AII. 5. There were no changes in MCFP and PGVR with either AII or @entity1831 . 6. These results indicate that in intact awake @entity35 the larger fall in CI induced by @entity1831 can not be explained only by a greater decrease in HR since at highest levels of afterload @entity1831 decreased SV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular effects of @entity1808 in intact awake XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgery of the thyroid gland remains the main cause of bilateral @entity3746 ( @entity3746 ). Ventilation problem is the main problem in such situations. There are a couple of corrective surgical procedures in the case of @entity3746 . The aim of our study was to show the possibility of widening of the glottis, and to evaluate the techniques and effects of surgical treatments due to bilateral @entity3746 resulting from thyroid gland surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five methods of surgical treatment were used: laser-assisted posterior cordectomy, according to Denis and Kashima; laser-assisted bilateral medial arytenoidectomy, as proposed by Crumley; laser-assisted posterior ventriculocordectomy, as described by @entity8075 ; laser-assisted total arytenoidectomy with posterior cordectomy, as presented by Ossoff; and laterofixation, according to Lichtenberger. The postoperative @entity1 's subjective improvement was assessed using visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2014 we operated on 270 @entity1 with bilateral @entity3746 . Paresis occurred as the result of the iatrogenic effect of thyroid gland surgery in 255 @entity1 (94.4%) vs. 15 (7.6%) from other causes. The majority of our @entity1 (77.6%) had undergone laser arytenoidectomy with posterior partial cordectomy, and in 13.7% of them Lichtenberger laterofixation had been performed. Ossoff 's surgery gives good ventilation results: successful decannulation (62.9% after first surgery; 97.6% final rate) and significant subjective ventilation improvement in 96% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Ossoff 's laser arytenoidectomy with posterior cordectomy is a safe procedure that gives acceptable ventilation improvement. @entity1 report satisfactory quality of life and the possibility of returning to active professional life. Laterofixation should be considered as an alternative for tracheotomy rather than permanent procedure. (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (5): 412-416).

title: Possibilities of surgical correction of XXXX after thyroid gland operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord palsy', 'VCP']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['vocal cord palsy']


abstract: Unusual forms and causes of @entity741 include @entity951 in the presence of normal coronary arteries ( @entity1112 ), @entity301 , @entity74 , and graft @entity731 after cardiac transplantation. There is now evidence that @entity409 of coronary resistance vessels can account for abnormalities of the coronary microvasculature and possibly, @entity741 and @entity662 . The incidence of @entity1112 appears to be higher in @entity1 , particularly those who have undergone hysterectomy. An intriguing hypothesis is that low @entity172 levels may be associated with reduced expression of @entity842 (reflecting @entity409 ). The presence of @entity301 in the young should not be underestimated. @entity1163 and @entity943 are observed frequently in this @entity1 population and warrant vigorous exploration. Worldwide, cardiac transplantation is now carried out in approximately 4500 @entity1 yearly, with excellent (80% to 90%) 1-year survival due to improved immunosuppression. However, accelerated @entity731 develops rapidly postoperatively and is the main cause of late death. The link between cellular rejection of the myocardium and transplant @entity453 is not clear. The process of transplant @entity453 is believed to be due to chronic @entity1200 followed by intimal smooth-muscle proliferation and lipid deposition in the vascular wall. By the time it is detected by coronary angiography, the disease is far advanced and not susceptible to routine revascularization procedures. A prospective, randomized study of @entity3988 versus no @entity460 blocker started early after transplantation has documented highly significant reductions in transplant @entity731 as measured by lumen narrowing, clinical events, and rates of retransplantation or death due to the process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Unusual forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['congenital coronary abnormalities', 'coronary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome X']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune injury']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic disorders']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity932 ( @entity932 ) is a common @entity64 subtype with significant @entity16 . The management of @entity932 is usually supportive treatment in the neuro-intensive care setting, while the body humors deal with the @entity1410 . Treatment of the @entity1410 is usually expectant management unless there is @entity16 caused by mass effect from the @entity548 . Some minimally invasive techniques have been explored for lysing and evacuating the @entity1410 , but none of them have gained a stronghold in the routine clinical management of this condition. Studies mainly in animal (rodent and porcine) @entity932 models have shown the role of bound and unbound @entity68 in causing @entity2359 following an @entity932 . There is currently no noninvasive method for assessing @entity68 levels in the cerebral tissue following @entity932 . Our study intends to explore the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in establishing @entity68 levels in cerebral tissue at the periphery of the @entity1410 following an @entity932 . Initially, an MRI phantom was constructed with varying concentrations of liquid @entity68 preparation in a water bath container. Susceptibility weighted sequences were utilized to scan this phantom to generate T2* signal magnitude measurements corresponding to the @entity68 concentration in the phantom. Encouraged by the reliability of the measurements on the phantom, @entity1 with @entity932 were then recruited into this experimental study once the inclusion criteria were met. One control and two @entity1 subjects had their brains scanned in a 3 T MRI scanner utilizing the same susceptibility weighted sequence. We found that @entity932 perihematomal brain tissue @entity68 susceptibility signal measurements were 4 times higher than those of the baseline control and normal contralateral brain tissue. Three different baseline measurements (one control and two contralateral normal brain) revealed a level of 0.1 mg/ml of @entity68 concentration in the contralateral brain tissue in the identical anatomical location as the @entity1410 , typically in the basal ganglia region. T2 * signal measurements in the brain tissue at the periphery of the basal ganglia @entity1410 at day 7 following @entity548 revealed @entity68 concentration of 0.4 mg/ml (approximately 4 times the baseline/control) in two @entity1 subjects included in the study. These measurements mimic those obtained in published animal @entity932 model studies.

title: Perihematomal Cerebral Tissue @entity68 Quantification on MRI Following Intracerebral XXXX in Two @entity1 Subjects: Proof of Principle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity932 ( @entity932 ) is a common @entity64 subtype with significant @entity16 . The management of @entity932 is usually supportive treatment in the neuro-intensive care setting, while the body humors deal with the @entity1410 . Treatment of the @entity1410 is usually expectant management unless there is @entity16 caused by mass effect from the @entity548 . Some minimally invasive techniques have been explored for lysing and evacuating the @entity1410 , but none of them have gained a stronghold in the routine clinical management of this condition. Studies mainly in animal (rodent and porcine) @entity932 models have shown the role of bound and unbound @entity68 in causing @entity2359 following an @entity932 . There is currently no noninvasive method for assessing @entity68 levels in the cerebral tissue following @entity932 . Our study intends to explore the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in establishing @entity68 levels in cerebral tissue at the periphery of the @entity1410 following an @entity932 . Initially, an MRI phantom was constructed with varying concentrations of liquid @entity68 preparation in a water bath container. Susceptibility weighted sequences were utilized to scan this phantom to generate T2* signal magnitude measurements corresponding to the @entity68 concentration in the phantom. Encouraged by the reliability of the measurements on the phantom, @entity1 with @entity932 were then recruited into this experimental study once the inclusion criteria were met. One control and two @entity1 subjects had their brains scanned in a 3 T MRI scanner utilizing the same susceptibility weighted sequence. We found that @entity932 perihematomal brain tissue @entity68 susceptibility signal measurements were 4 times higher than those of the baseline control and normal contralateral brain tissue. Three different baseline measurements (one control and two contralateral normal brain) revealed a level of 0.1 mg/ml of @entity68 concentration in the contralateral brain tissue in the identical anatomical location as the @entity1410 , typically in the basal ganglia region. T2 * signal measurements in the brain tissue at the periphery of the basal ganglia @entity1410 at day 7 following @entity548 revealed @entity68 concentration of 0.4 mg/ml (approximately 4 times the baseline/control) in two @entity1 subjects included in the study. These measurements mimic those obtained in published animal @entity932 model studies.

title: Perihematomal Cerebral Tissue XXXX Quantification on MRI Following Intracerebral @entity548 in Two @entity1 Subjects: Proof of Principle.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['Iron']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity932 ( @entity932 ) is a common @entity64 subtype with significant @entity16 . The management of @entity932 is usually supportive treatment in the neuro-intensive care setting, while the body humors deal with the @entity1410 . Treatment of the @entity1410 is usually expectant management unless there is @entity16 caused by mass effect from the @entity548 . Some minimally invasive techniques have been explored for lysing and evacuating the @entity1410 , but none of them have gained a stronghold in the routine clinical management of this condition. Studies mainly in animal (rodent and porcine) @entity932 models have shown the role of bound and unbound @entity68 in causing @entity2359 following an @entity932 . There is currently no noninvasive method for assessing @entity68 levels in the cerebral tissue following @entity932 . Our study intends to explore the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in establishing @entity68 levels in cerebral tissue at the periphery of the @entity1410 following an @entity932 . Initially, an MRI phantom was constructed with varying concentrations of liquid @entity68 preparation in a water bath container. Susceptibility weighted sequences were utilized to scan this phantom to generate T2* signal magnitude measurements corresponding to the @entity68 concentration in the phantom. Encouraged by the reliability of the measurements on the phantom, @entity1 with @entity932 were then recruited into this experimental study once the inclusion criteria were met. One control and two @entity1 subjects had their brains scanned in a 3 T MRI scanner utilizing the same susceptibility weighted sequence. We found that @entity932 perihematomal brain tissue @entity68 susceptibility signal measurements were 4 times higher than those of the baseline control and normal contralateral brain tissue. Three different baseline measurements (one control and two contralateral normal brain) revealed a level of 0.1 mg/ml of @entity68 concentration in the contralateral brain tissue in the identical anatomical location as the @entity1410 , typically in the basal ganglia region. T2 * signal measurements in the brain tissue at the periphery of the basal ganglia @entity1410 at day 7 following @entity548 revealed @entity68 concentration of 0.4 mg/ml (approximately 4 times the baseline/control) in two @entity1 subjects included in the study. These measurements mimic those obtained in published animal @entity932 model studies.

title: Perihematomal Cerebral Tissue @entity68 Quantification on MRI Following Intracerebral @entity548 in Two XXXX Subjects: Proof of Principle.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1582 is the most common indication for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and @entity6985 maintenance after transplant is now standard. Although @entity6985 doubles progression-free survival, almost all @entity1 eventually relapse. Posttransplant immunotherapy to improve outcomes after ASCT therefore has great merit but first requires delineation of the dynamics of immune reconstitution. We evaluated lymphocyte composition and function after ASCT to guide optimal timing of immunotherapy and to identify potential markers of relapse. @entity1619 cells (Treg) decline as @entity405 (+) T cells expand during early lymphocyte recovery after ASCT, markedly reducing the Treg: @entity405 (+) effector T-cell ratio. These @entity405 (+) T cells can respond to autologous dendritic cells presenting tumor antigen in vitro as early as day +12 after transplant, becoming antigen-specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte effectors and thereby demonstrating preservation of cellular reactivity. @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) T cells express the negative regulatory molecules, @entity4386 , @entity8395 , @entity20867 , and @entity20500 , before and after ASCT. A subpopulation of exhausted/senescent @entity405 (+) T cells, however, downregulates @entity1361 and upregulates @entity4755 and @entity8395 , characterizing immune impairment and relapse after ASCT. Relapsing @entity1 have higher numbers of these cells at +3 months after transplant, but before detection of clinical disease, indicating their applicability in identifying @entity1 at higher risk of relapse. @entity8395 blockade also revives the proliferation and cytokine secretion of the hyporesponsive, exhausted/senescent @entity405 (+) T cells in vitro. Collectively, these results identify T-cell exhaustion/senescence as a distinguishing feature of relapse and support early introduction of immunotherapy to stimulate antitumor immunity after ASCT. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(1); 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: T-cell Exhaustion in XXXX after Autotransplant: Optimal Timing of Immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Regulatory T']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple Myeloma Relapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion is an important pathway of metastatic spread and regional lymph node @entity3 is the major prognostic factor in @entity263 . D2-40 is used to identify the lymphatic vessels and to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Expression of @entity17290 may be related to invasion and progression of @entity189 cells in several @entity5 . AIM: To evaluate intra- and peritumoral LVD through immunohistochemical expression of D2-40 in relation to @entity17290 expression and clinicopathological parameters in @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining procedure was performed on 53 paraffin-embedded blocks of radical prostatectomy specimens for @entity263 using anti D2-40 and @entity17290 antibodies. Sections were evaluated for mean LVD in intratumoral and peritumoral tissues assessed by D2-40 expression. RESULTS: LVD in intratumoral tissues was significantly lower compared with peritumoral areas (P = .0001). Peritumoral mean LVD was significantly higher in cases with @entity3 (P = .041) and in cases with positive lymph node @entity3 (P = .003) than intratumoral mean LVD. High @entity17290 expression was significantly correlated with high @entity5 grade (P = .0001), @entity3 (P = .006), and positive lymph node @entity3 (P = .004). High @entity17290 expression was significantly associated with increased mean LVD in peritumoral tissues. CONCLUSION: Increased peritumoral mean LVD in @entity263 is associated with @entity3 and positive lymph node @entity3 . High @entity17290 expression is associated with high @entity5 grade, lymphocascular invasion, positive lymph node @entity3 , and high mean peritumoral LVD suggesting that D2-40 and @entity17290 may represent different mechanisms of lymphatic vessel invasion with both biomarkers is related to poor prognosis.

title: Prognostic Significance of Lymphatic Vessel Density Detected by D2-40 and Its Relation to @entity17290 Expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion is an important pathway of metastatic spread and regional lymph node @entity3 is the major prognostic factor in @entity263 . D2-40 is used to identify the lymphatic vessels and to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Expression of @entity17290 may be related to invasion and progression of @entity189 cells in several @entity5 . AIM: To evaluate intra- and peritumoral LVD through immunohistochemical expression of D2-40 in relation to @entity17290 expression and clinicopathological parameters in @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining procedure was performed on 53 paraffin-embedded blocks of radical prostatectomy specimens for @entity263 using anti D2-40 and @entity17290 antibodies. Sections were evaluated for mean LVD in intratumoral and peritumoral tissues assessed by D2-40 expression. RESULTS: LVD in intratumoral tissues was significantly lower compared with peritumoral areas (P = .0001). Peritumoral mean LVD was significantly higher in cases with @entity3 (P = .041) and in cases with positive lymph node @entity3 (P = .003) than intratumoral mean LVD. High @entity17290 expression was significantly correlated with high @entity5 grade (P = .0001), @entity3 (P = .006), and positive lymph node @entity3 (P = .004). High @entity17290 expression was significantly associated with increased mean LVD in peritumoral tissues. CONCLUSION: Increased peritumoral mean LVD in @entity263 is associated with @entity3 and positive lymph node @entity3 . High @entity17290 expression is associated with high @entity5 grade, lymphocascular invasion, positive lymph node @entity3 , and high mean peritumoral LVD suggesting that D2-40 and @entity17290 may represent different mechanisms of lymphatic vessel invasion with both biomarkers is related to poor prognosis.

title: Prognostic Significance of Lymphatic Vessel Density Detected by D2-40 and Its Relation to XXXX Expression in @entity263 .

answer: @entity17290 :: (1364,Gene) :: ['Claudin-4']


abstract: The initiation and progression of @entity0 is a complex process that is influenced by heterogeneous cell populations within the @entity5 microenvironment. Although adipocytes have been shown to promote @entity0 development, adipocyte characteristics involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate enrichment of beige/brown @entity1958 markers, contributed from the host as well as @entity5 cells, in the xenografts from @entity0 cell lines. In addition to @entity4305 ( @entity4305 ) that is exclusively expressed in beige/brown adipocytes, gene expression for classical brown ( @entity14815 , @entity32571 , and @entity71218 ) as well as beige ( @entity23918 / @entity23918 and @entity26385 ) adipocyte markers was also elevated in the xenografts. Enrichment of beige/brown characteristics in the xenografts was independent of the site of implantation of the @entity0 cells. Early stages of xenografts showed an expansion of a subset of mammary @entity5 stem cells that expressed @entity10350 , a master regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation. Depletion of @entity4305 (+) or @entity14815 (+) cells significantly reduced @entity5 development. There was increased @entity10178 ( @entity10178 ) expression, which is known to stimulate formation of beige adipocytes in early xenografts and treatment with a @entity10178 inhibitor ( @entity32912 ) reduced @entity5 growth. In contrast, treatment with factors that induce brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro led to larger @entity5 in vivo. A panel of xenografts derived from established @entity0 cells as well as @entity1 @entity5 tissues were generated that expressed key brown @entity1958 tissue-related markers and contained cells that morphologically resembled brown adipocytes. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first report demonstrating that beige/brown adipocyte characteristics could play an important role in @entity0 development and suggest a potential target for therapeutic drug design. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 78-92.   2015 AACR.

title: Increased Expression of Beige/Brown @entity1958 Markers from Host and XXXX Cells Influence Xenograft Formation in Mice.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: The initiation and progression of @entity0 is a complex process that is influenced by heterogeneous cell populations within the @entity5 microenvironment. Although adipocytes have been shown to promote @entity0 development, adipocyte characteristics involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate enrichment of beige/brown @entity1958 markers, contributed from the host as well as @entity5 cells, in the xenografts from @entity0 cell lines. In addition to @entity4305 ( @entity4305 ) that is exclusively expressed in beige/brown adipocytes, gene expression for classical brown ( @entity14815 , @entity32571 , and @entity71218 ) as well as beige ( @entity23918 / @entity23918 and @entity26385 ) adipocyte markers was also elevated in the xenografts. Enrichment of beige/brown characteristics in the xenografts was independent of the site of implantation of the @entity0 cells. Early stages of xenografts showed an expansion of a subset of mammary @entity5 stem cells that expressed @entity10350 , a master regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation. Depletion of @entity4305 (+) or @entity14815 (+) cells significantly reduced @entity5 development. There was increased @entity10178 ( @entity10178 ) expression, which is known to stimulate formation of beige adipocytes in early xenografts and treatment with a @entity10178 inhibitor ( @entity32912 ) reduced @entity5 growth. In contrast, treatment with factors that induce brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro led to larger @entity5 in vivo. A panel of xenografts derived from established @entity0 cells as well as @entity1 @entity5 tissues were generated that expressed key brown @entity1958 tissue-related markers and contained cells that morphologically resembled brown adipocytes. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first report demonstrating that beige/brown adipocyte characteristics could play an important role in @entity0 development and suggest a potential target for therapeutic drug design. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 78-92.   2015 AACR.

title: Increased Expression of Beige/Brown XXXX Markers from Host and @entity0 Cells Influence Xenograft Formation in Mice.

answer: @entity1958 :: (230796(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Adipose']