abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metal oxide transport layers have played a crucial role in recent progress in organic photovoltaic (OPV) device stability. Here, we measure the stability of inverted and encapsulated @entity27416 : @entity16820 cells with @entity34687 /Ag/Al composite anode in operational conditions combining solar radiation and 65   C. Performance loss of over 50% in the first 100 h of the aging is dominated by a drop in the short-circuit current (Jsc). We reveal a concurrent loss in reflectance from 85% to 50% above 650 nm, which is below the optical gap of the used photoactive materials, hence, excluding any major degradation in the bulk of this layer. Correlating the responses of aged devices to a series of test structures comprised of ITO/ @entity1948 cathode, @entity34687 /Ag, and @entity34687 /Ag/Al anodes and their combinations with the active layer allowed us to identify that the presence of Al causes the reduced reflectance in these devices, independent of the presence of the active layer. Systematic single-stress aging on the test structures further indicates that elevated heat is the cause of the reflectance loss. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis revealed the unsuspected role of Al; notably, it diffuses through the entire 150 nm thick Ag layer and accumulates at the @entity34687 /Ag interface. Moreover, XRD analysis of the aged @entity34687 /Ag/Al anode indicates the formation of Ag2Al alloy. Depth profiling with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy advanced our understanding by confirming the formation of Ag-Al intermetallic alloy and the presence of oxidized Al only at the @entity34687 /Ag interface suggesting a concomitant reduction of @entity34687 to most probably @entity71361 . This latter compound is less reflective than @entity34687 , which can explain the reduced reflectance in aged devices as proven by optical simulations. On the basis of these results, we could estimate that 20% of the loss in Jsc is ascribed to reduction of @entity34687 triggered by its direct contact with Al.

title: Root-Cause Failure Analysis of Photocurrent Loss in @entity27416 : XXXX -Based Inverted Solar Cells.

answer: @entity16820 :: (MESH:D037741,Chemical) :: ['Fullerene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the @entity52 ( @entity52 ) outcome of @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) pretreatment for @entity1869 (EH) in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) undergoing @entity52 embryo transfer ( @entity52 -ET). METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH without cytologic atypia were allocated randomly to 2 independent arms, that is, the LNG-IUS group (90 @entity1 ) and the non-LNG-IUS group (100 @entity1 ). Four hundred fourteen @entity1 with @entity3610 without @entity1478 comprised the control group. Each @entity1 was reevaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) and endometrial biopsy after 6 months. For each @entity1 , @entity52 outcome measures, such as number of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, endometrial thickness on @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day, hormone levels ( @entity1420 , luetinizing hormone, and serum @entity53 ) on HCG day, number of oocytes, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: In general, the 3 groups did not differ with respect to the main clinical and biochemical data. After 6 months, @entity1 in LNG-IUS group had an EH resolution rate of 87.77%. In the non-LNG-IUS group, the resolution rate was 15.00%, and 3% of these @entity1 showed progression of EH. The clinical pregnancy rates in the non-LNG-IUS group were significantly lower (28.04%) than that in the LNG-IUS group (46.06%) and the control group (44.65%). The miscarriage rate was highest in the non-LNG-IUS group, but no significant difference in miscarriage rate existed among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: The study illustrates that the LNG-IUS can be safely used for 6 months as a treatment for @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH. Additionally, use of the LNG-IUS can increase the clinical pregnancy rates and implantation rates of @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH who undergo @entity4396 agonist @entity52 -ET protocols.

title: Efficacy of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System on @entity52 -ET Outcomes in XXXX With @entity1869 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial disease']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['simple endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['PCOS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the @entity52 ( @entity52 ) outcome of @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) pretreatment for @entity1869 (EH) in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) undergoing @entity52 embryo transfer ( @entity52 -ET). METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH without cytologic atypia were allocated randomly to 2 independent arms, that is, the LNG-IUS group (90 @entity1 ) and the non-LNG-IUS group (100 @entity1 ). Four hundred fourteen @entity1 with @entity3610 without @entity1478 comprised the control group. Each @entity1 was reevaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) and endometrial biopsy after 6 months. For each @entity1 , @entity52 outcome measures, such as number of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, endometrial thickness on @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day, hormone levels ( @entity1420 , luetinizing hormone, and serum @entity53 ) on HCG day, number of oocytes, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: In general, the 3 groups did not differ with respect to the main clinical and biochemical data. After 6 months, @entity1 in LNG-IUS group had an EH resolution rate of 87.77%. In the non-LNG-IUS group, the resolution rate was 15.00%, and 3% of these @entity1 showed progression of EH. The clinical pregnancy rates in the non-LNG-IUS group were significantly lower (28.04%) than that in the LNG-IUS group (46.06%) and the control group (44.65%). The miscarriage rate was highest in the non-LNG-IUS group, but no significant difference in miscarriage rate existed among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: The study illustrates that the LNG-IUS can be safely used for 6 months as a treatment for @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH. Additionally, use of the LNG-IUS can increase the clinical pregnancy rates and implantation rates of @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH who undergo @entity4396 agonist @entity52 -ET protocols.

title: Efficacy of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System on @entity52 -ET Outcomes in @entity3610 With XXXX .

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the @entity52 ( @entity52 ) outcome of @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) pretreatment for @entity1869 (EH) in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) undergoing @entity52 embryo transfer ( @entity52 -ET). METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH without cytologic atypia were allocated randomly to 2 independent arms, that is, the LNG-IUS group (90 @entity1 ) and the non-LNG-IUS group (100 @entity1 ). Four hundred fourteen @entity1 with @entity3610 without @entity1478 comprised the control group. Each @entity1 was reevaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) and endometrial biopsy after 6 months. For each @entity1 , @entity52 outcome measures, such as number of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, endometrial thickness on @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day, hormone levels ( @entity1420 , luetinizing hormone, and serum @entity53 ) on HCG day, number of oocytes, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: In general, the 3 groups did not differ with respect to the main clinical and biochemical data. After 6 months, @entity1 in LNG-IUS group had an EH resolution rate of 87.77%. In the non-LNG-IUS group, the resolution rate was 15.00%, and 3% of these @entity1 showed progression of EH. The clinical pregnancy rates in the non-LNG-IUS group were significantly lower (28.04%) than that in the LNG-IUS group (46.06%) and the control group (44.65%). The miscarriage rate was highest in the non-LNG-IUS group, but no significant difference in miscarriage rate existed among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: The study illustrates that the LNG-IUS can be safely used for 6 months as a treatment for @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH. Additionally, use of the LNG-IUS can increase the clinical pregnancy rates and implantation rates of @entity1 with @entity3610 and simple EH who undergo @entity4396 agonist @entity52 -ET protocols.

title: Efficacy of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System on XXXX -ET Outcomes in @entity3610 With @entity1869 .

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['IVF']


abstract: @entity7244 ( @entity7244 ) is a potentially life-threatening disease, which usually presents with @entity385 or @entity510 . @entity7244 presenting with isolated @entity158 is rare, and no case with isolated @entity4254 - ( @entity7443 -) like @entity158 has been reported. Here, we report the case of a 57-year-old male with @entity7244 who presented with acute @entity158 that extended from his left cheek to his left forehead and auricle. He felt a brief stabbing @entity158 when his face was touched in the territory of the first and second divisions of the left trigeminal nerve. There were no other neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain 7 days after onset revealed dissection of the @entity7244 without @entity4798 . The @entity158 gradually disappeared in approximately 6 weeks, and the @entity1 remained asymptomatic thereafter, except for a brief episode of vertigo. Follow-up MRI revealed progressive @entity543 without @entity4798 . This case indicates that @entity7244 can present with isolated @entity158 that mimics @entity7443 . @entity7244 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute @entity158 or @entity7443 .

title: Progressive Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection Presenting with Isolated Trigeminal Neuralgia-Like XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['left intracranial vertebral artery', 'Intracranial vertebral artery dissection', 'IVAD']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain', 'isolated TN-like facial pain']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing of the artery']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Facial Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of very low dose @entity1872 in improving pelvic @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity46 , the benefit of preceding the treatment by a short course of a GnRH agonist, symptoms recurrence after drug withdrawal, and variations in menstrual pattern. DESIGN: Open-label, randomized study. SETTING: University hospital @entity46 center. @entity1 : Forty-two @entity1 with moderate or severe pelvic @entity158 and laparoscopically diagnosed @entity46 . INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with oral @entity1872 , 50 mg/d, for 9 months (group I, n = 21) or @entity3086 depot for 3 months followed by oral @entity1872 , 50 mg/d, for 6 months (group II, n = 21), and a 6-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Variations in severity of symptoms during treatment and at the end of follow-up as shown by a linear analog scale and a verbal rating scale; menstrual @entity190 as assessed by a pictorial chart. RESULTS: Four @entity1 withdrew from the study, one in each group at the fifth month of treatment (for persistent @entity158 ) and one in each group during follow-up (they requested additional therapy); one @entity1 in group I was lost to follow-up. Significant improvements were obtained in @entity1834 , @entity546 , and @entity158 in both treatment schedules without differences between the groups. Also menstrual @entity190 was significantly reduced in both groups. A temporary fall in high and rise in low density lipoprotein @entity165 was observed in the study population. At the end of follow-up symptoms recurred without significant differences in median @entity158 scores with respect to baseline. CONCLUSION: Very low dose @entity1872 may be an alternative for temporary relief of @entity158 . Ovulation is not always inhibited and barrier contraception is needed. Side effects occur but are rarely severe. Further data are required to evaluate the influence of long-term administration on the lipid profile.

title: Very low dose XXXX for relief of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis-associated pain', 'nonmenstrual pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['deep dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1872 :: (MESH:D003613,Chemical) :: ['danazol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine how age and comorbidity affect screening mammography use, @entity5 detection, and overall survival. DESIGN: Prospective, with median follow-up of 10.2  years. SETTING: A population-based cohort of Vermont @entity1 with data in the Vermont @entity0 Surveillance System. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 70 and older with no history of @entity0 (N  =  20,697). MEASUREMENTS: Rates of screening, diagnostic procedure use, and @entity0 diagnosis were examined according to age and comorbidity. The effect of @entity0 on overall survival was assessed in relation to detection mode, @entity5 characteristics, and treatment. RESULTS: Screening declined 9% per year after age 70 and 18% with each unit increase in comorbidity score, with corresponding increases in clinically detected @entity0 . @entity3 was associated with greater overall mortality (screen detected: hazard ratio (HR)  =  1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)   =  1.07-1.40; clinically detected: HR  =  1.68, 95% CI  =  1.43-1.96). The latter HR reflects a much greater absolute risk of @entity204 for @entity1 in a population with high baseline mortality. Use of breast-conserving surgery as the only treatment for Stage I @entity5 increased markedly with age and was associated with shorter overall survival than radiation or mastectomy (relative risk  =  2.23, 95% CI  =  1.42-3.47). CONCLUSION: Lower screening mammography use by older @entity1 is associated with more clinically detected @entity0 , which are associated with poorer survival. Treatment received for early-stage @entity5 influences the effect of screening on survival.

title: A Prospective Study of the Use and Effects of Screening Mammography in XXXX Aged 70 and Older.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Background Deficits in face emotion perception are among the most pervasive aspects of @entity73 which strongly affects interpersonal communication and social skills. Material and Methods @entity161 @entity1 (PSZ) and healthy control subjects (HCS) performed 2 psychophysical tasks. One, the SAFFIMAP test, was designed to determine the impact of subliminally presented affective or neutral images on the accuracy of face-expression (angry or neutral) perception. In the second test, FEP, subjects saw pictures of face-expression and were asked to rate them as angry, happy, or neutral. The following clinical scales were used to determine the acute symptoms in PSZ: Positive and Negative Syndrome (PANSS), Young Mania Rating (YMRS), Hamilton @entity308 (HAM-D), and Hamilton @entity148 (HAM-A). Results On the SAFFIMAP test, different from the HCS group, the PSZ group tended to categorize the neutral expression of test faces as angry and their response to the test-face expression was not influenced by the affective content of the primes. In PSZ, the PANSS-positive score was significantly correlated with correct perception of angry faces for aggressive or pleasant primes. YMRS scores were strongly correlated with PSZ's tendency to recognize angry face expressions when the prime was a pleasant or a neutral image. The HAM-D score was positively correlated with categorizing the test-faces as neutral, regardless of the affective content of the prime or of the test-face expression (angry or neutral). Conclusions Despite its exploratory nature, this study provides the first evidence that conscious perception and categorization of facial emotions (neutral or angry) in PSZ is directly affected by their positive or negative symptoms of the disease as defined by their individual scores on the clinical diagnostic scales.

title: When does Subliminal Affective Image Priming Influence the Ability of XXXX @entity1 to Perceive Face Emotions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenic']


abstract: Background Deficits in face emotion perception are among the most pervasive aspects of @entity73 which strongly affects interpersonal communication and social skills. Material and Methods @entity161 @entity1 (PSZ) and healthy control subjects (HCS) performed 2 psychophysical tasks. One, the SAFFIMAP test, was designed to determine the impact of subliminally presented affective or neutral images on the accuracy of face-expression (angry or neutral) perception. In the second test, FEP, subjects saw pictures of face-expression and were asked to rate them as angry, happy, or neutral. The following clinical scales were used to determine the acute symptoms in PSZ: Positive and Negative Syndrome (PANSS), Young Mania Rating (YMRS), Hamilton @entity308 (HAM-D), and Hamilton @entity148 (HAM-A). Results On the SAFFIMAP test, different from the HCS group, the PSZ group tended to categorize the neutral expression of test faces as angry and their response to the test-face expression was not influenced by the affective content of the primes. In PSZ, the PANSS-positive score was significantly correlated with correct perception of angry faces for aggressive or pleasant primes. YMRS scores were strongly correlated with PSZ's tendency to recognize angry face expressions when the prime was a pleasant or a neutral image. The HAM-D score was positively correlated with categorizing the test-faces as neutral, regardless of the affective content of the prime or of the test-face expression (angry or neutral). Conclusions Despite its exploratory nature, this study provides the first evidence that conscious perception and categorization of facial emotions (neutral or angry) in PSZ is directly affected by their positive or negative symptoms of the disease as defined by their individual scores on the clinical diagnostic scales.

title: When does Subliminal Affective Image Priming Influence the Ability of @entity161 XXXX to Perceive Face Emotions?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We investigated 37 long term survivors of childhood @entity5 to study the relationship among growth, GH secretion, and pituitary size. The median follow-up time after diagnosis was 13.2 yr. The pituitary gland was visualized with magnetic resonance imaging. Radiated @entity1 (n = 25) had a reduced relative height and showed a greater reduction in relative height after diagnosis than nonradiated @entity1 (n = 12). The @entity1 had lower spontaneous nocturnal GH secretion than controls due to a reduced peak amplitude. Spontaneous GH secretion was lower in radiated @entity1 than in nonradiated subjects. The @entity1 had lower plasma @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and serum @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) concentrations than the controls. Radiated subjects had decreased @entity442 and @entity2301 concentrations compared to nonradiated subjects. Half of the @entity1 (20 of 37) evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging had a reduced pituitary size (pituitary height, < -2 SD score). Radiated subjects had smaller pituitary glands than nonradiated ones. Seventeen of 20 @entity1 (85%) with reduced pituitary size had decreased nocturnal GH release. There was a positive correlation between nocturnal GH secretion, plasma @entity442 , and serum @entity2301 levels, on the one hand, and pituitary height, on the other. These results indicate that cranial radiation may result in tissue damage, leading to decreased pituitary size, reduced spontaneous GH secretion, and @entity851 . The finding of reduced @entity442 levels in both radiated and nonradiated @entity1 combined with decreased @entity2301 concentrations in radiated @entity1 , indicates that cytotoxic chemotherapy may induce @entity99 resulting in decreased @entity442 synthesis.

title: Pituitary size assessed with magnetic resonance imaging as a measure of growth hormone secretion in long term survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['impaired linear growth']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-binding protein-3', 'IGFBP-3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic damage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A clinicopathological study of 56 pediatric @entity1 with non-ACTH-secreting @entity977 removed by a transsphenoidal neurosurgical approach was undertaken to better define the clinical presentation, to assess demographic factors, to determine the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of the @entity5 , and to evaluate the outcome of transsphenoidal surgical treatment and other adjuvant therapies. A separate analysis of @entity2013 @entity1 was performed. All @entity5 were confirmed histologically and immunophenotyped for pituitary hormones. Forty-one @entity1 had @entity5 that stained for PRL alone, eight @entity1 had @entity5 that stained for PRL and GH, six @entity1 had @entity652 , and one @entity1 had a @entity5 that stained for glycoprotein hormones. No @entity5 contained GH alone. Macroadenomas exceeded microadenomas (1.4:1). There were no male @entity1 with microadenomas of any type. Females outnumbered males (3.3:1). @entity1 presented most frequently with @entity10 , @entity1866 (in females), @entity6726 , and @entity4614 . All but one of the @entity1 with @entity4614 at presentation had macroadenomas. @entity5 staining characteristics did not always correlate well with clinical status, especially with regard to GH-containing @entity5 . Pediatric @entity977 did not appear to be more invasive or more @entity146 than adult @entity977 , contrary to some previous reports. The @entity1 with microadenomas had a 70% operative cure rate and a 65% long term cure rate; the recurrence rate for microadenoma @entity1 was 25%. Macroadenoma @entity1 had a 33% operative cure rate, a 55% long term cure rate, and a recurrence rate of 33%. Thus, microadenoma and macroadenoma @entity1 had similar long term cure rates, but macroadenoma @entity1 required more @entity146 adjuvant therapy (second surgery, radiation, or @entity2847 ) and had higher rates of @entity4614 (52% of macroadenoma @entity1 vs. 0% of microadenoma @entity1 required long term hormone replacement).

title: XXXX in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['plurihormonal adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are believed to be important in fetal growth and development. In the current study, the developmental changes in the IGF and @entity2270 were examined in 23 paired samples of @entity1 @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ), extraembryonic coelomic (EEC) fluid, and @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) between 9 and 12 weeks gestation. Levels of @entity442 were very low in @entity6703 (7 +/- 3 ng/mL) and EEC (10 +/- 3 ng/mL) compared to those in @entity7310 (237 +/- 42 ng/mL). In contrast, @entity5100 concentrations were 210 +/- 36 and 174 +/- 22 ng/mL in @entity6703 and EEC, respectively, and were approximately 25% of @entity7310 serum levels (884 +/- 122 ng/mL). There was no @entity734 on gestational age for either peptide in @entity6703 or EEC during the period of gestation examined. @entity10116 levels in @entity6703 increased about 20-fold (1.6 +/- 0.3 to 33.0 +/- 0.1 ng/mL) between 9 and 12 weeks of pregnancy, and @entity10116 levels were nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher in EEC, increasing about 100-fold (365 +/- 119 to 3014 +/- 100.0 ng/mL) by the end of the first trimester. In contrast, @entity10116 levels were low in @entity7310 (24.9 +/- 3.5 ng/mL) and showed no gestational age @entity734 . Using RIA, high levels of @entity2301 were found in EEC (2062 +/- 177 ng/mL) and @entity7310 (6590 +/- 357 ng/mL) compared to those in @entity6703 (152 +/- 24 ng/mL). Levels of @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC did not change significantly with gestational age, whereas an increase in @entity10116 was observed in @entity6703 after the tenth week of pregnancy. In contrast to high levels of @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC, determined by RIA, the 37- to 43-kilodalton @entity2301 doublet was barely detectable by Western ligand blot analysis. This discrepancy suggested the presence of an @entity2301 protease in EEC, as has been found in @entity7310 , that decreases the affinity of this BP for IGF peptides and, therefore, renders it less readily detectable by Western ligand blot analysis. Using [125I] @entity2301 as substrate, lower levels of @entity2301 protease activity were detected in EEC compared to @entity7310 , and nearly undetectable levels were found in @entity6703 . By Western immunoblotting, a smaller (28-kilodalton) immunoreactive form of @entity2301 was detected only in @entity7310 and EEC, suggesting proteolyzed @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC, but not in @entity6703 , during this gestational period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and proteolyzed XXXX in embryonic cavities in early @entity1 pregnancy: their potential relevance to maternal-embryonic and fetal interactions.

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['IGFBP axis']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal serum', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity2301 :: (3486,Gene) :: ['IGFBP-3']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are believed to be important in fetal growth and development. In the current study, the developmental changes in the IGF and @entity2270 were examined in 23 paired samples of @entity1 @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ), extraembryonic coelomic (EEC) fluid, and @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) between 9 and 12 weeks gestation. Levels of @entity442 were very low in @entity6703 (7 +/- 3 ng/mL) and EEC (10 +/- 3 ng/mL) compared to those in @entity7310 (237 +/- 42 ng/mL). In contrast, @entity5100 concentrations were 210 +/- 36 and 174 +/- 22 ng/mL in @entity6703 and EEC, respectively, and were approximately 25% of @entity7310 serum levels (884 +/- 122 ng/mL). There was no @entity734 on gestational age for either peptide in @entity6703 or EEC during the period of gestation examined. @entity10116 levels in @entity6703 increased about 20-fold (1.6 +/- 0.3 to 33.0 +/- 0.1 ng/mL) between 9 and 12 weeks of pregnancy, and @entity10116 levels were nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher in EEC, increasing about 100-fold (365 +/- 119 to 3014 +/- 100.0 ng/mL) by the end of the first trimester. In contrast, @entity10116 levels were low in @entity7310 (24.9 +/- 3.5 ng/mL) and showed no gestational age @entity734 . Using RIA, high levels of @entity2301 were found in EEC (2062 +/- 177 ng/mL) and @entity7310 (6590 +/- 357 ng/mL) compared to those in @entity6703 (152 +/- 24 ng/mL). Levels of @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC did not change significantly with gestational age, whereas an increase in @entity10116 was observed in @entity6703 after the tenth week of pregnancy. In contrast to high levels of @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC, determined by RIA, the 37- to 43-kilodalton @entity2301 doublet was barely detectable by Western ligand blot analysis. This discrepancy suggested the presence of an @entity2301 protease in EEC, as has been found in @entity7310 , that decreases the affinity of this BP for IGF peptides and, therefore, renders it less readily detectable by Western ligand blot analysis. Using [125I] @entity2301 as substrate, lower levels of @entity2301 protease activity were detected in EEC compared to @entity7310 , and nearly undetectable levels were found in @entity6703 . By Western immunoblotting, a smaller (28-kilodalton) immunoreactive form of @entity2301 was detected only in @entity7310 and EEC, suggesting proteolyzed @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC, but not in @entity6703 , during this gestational period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and proteolyzed @entity2301 in embryonic cavities in early XXXX pregnancy: their potential relevance to maternal-embryonic and fetal interactions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: There is a complex relationship between the thyroid and @entity851 factor (IGF) axes. IGFs circulate in association with six specific high affinity binding proteins (IGFBPs) that modulate their bioactivity and bioavailability. Recent evidence suggests that gene expression and circulating levels of IGFBPs are related to prevailing thyroid hormone status. We have investigated the effects of both withdrawal and reinstitution of thyroid hormone replacement on circulating IGF and IGFBP levels in @entity37772 @entity1 (n = 10). The mean @entity442 concentration fell from a basal level of 191.8 +/- 12 micrograms/L to a nadir of 136.4 +/- 17.8 micrograms/L (P = 0.026) 5 weeks after stopping T4 treatment and returned to normal values 3 weeks after recommencement of replacement treatment. The fall in @entity5100 levels followed a similar pattern from a basal mean level of 649 +/- 33.7 to 547 +/- 42.7 micrograms/L (P = 0.026) at 5 weeks. These changes paralleled the fall in free T3 and free T4. Similarly, @entity10116 levels fell after stopping T4 treatment from a basal level of 54.8 +/- 4.0 to 24.6 +/- 7.0 micrograms/L (P = 0.001) 5 weeks later. After T4 treatment was restarted, @entity10116 levels rose and were not significantly different from basal values by week 8. There were strong positive correlations between paired data sets for @entity10116 and free T3 (r = 0.488; P = 0/0037) and free T4 (r = 0.56; P = 0.0006), and a strong negative correlation with TSH (r = -0.515; P = 0.0001). Insulin is known to be important in the regulation of @entity10116 , but no changes in fasting insulin levels during T4 withdrawal were noted, and levels of @entity10116 did not exhibit the normal inverse relationship with circulating insulin levels. Levels of @entity10513 , assessed by Western ligand blotting, increased during the development of @entity1375 , peaked 5 weeks after stopping T4 replacement, and declined on reinstitution of replacement treatment. A further level of regulation of the IGF-IGFBP @entity2270 is afforded by the presence of specific circulating IGFBP proteases. Proteases directed against @entity2301 proteolytically cleave the major carrier BP in the circulation and reduce its binding affinity, possibly resulting in increased tissue IGF bioavailability. Despite the marked reduction in circulating IGF levels and the generation of significant biochemical @entity1375 , @entity2301 protease activity was not apparent during the 10-week period of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Reversible effects of cessation and recommencement of thyroxine treatment on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins in XXXX with total thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary GH/insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity37772 :: ('MESH:C566852', 'Disease') :: ['athyreotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 94 @entity1 with a primary @entity96 were registered in the Cooperative Pediatric @entity96 Study @entity4177 -89 of the GPOH from 1988 to 1992. 64 of these had a @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ), 12 a @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 2 a @entity242 and 16 a @entity5 . 51 (80%) @entity1 with an @entity4177 were 6 to 36 months of age, 9 with an @entity157 above 10 years. Initial @entity160 ( @entity160 ) was elevated in 51 @entity4177 @entity1 and exceeded the 3-fold of normal range in 45. @entity1 with low (< 100 ng/ml) and very high (> 1,000,000 ng/ml) levels had a significantly worse prognosis than those with intermediate values (p = 0.0014). @entity160 was moderately elevated in 9 @entity157 @entity1 . All other @entity5 markers were only irregularly above normal range. 48 (77%) of @entity4177 @entity1 survived, 45 (73%) are @entity5 free. All of 18 stage I and 4/5 stage II @entity1 are in remission. After chemotherapy 30/36 stage III HBs and 2/5 stage IV HBs could be resected, 9 of these @entity1 suffered from @entity5 relapse. Disease-free survival was 100% for stage I, 80% for stage II, 68% for stage III and zero for stage IV @entity4177 (p = 0.0005). @entity532 occurred after 8% of biopsies, 13% of limited primary resections and 25% of extended secondary resections. There was no perioperative @entity204 . The completeness of @entity5 resection at primary or delayed surgery correlated significantly with @entity1 disease-free survival (p < 0.0001). Chemotherapy with @entity1260 , @entity900 and @entity632 was effective in @entity4177 . 203 courses were given in 61 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of the @entity4177 -89 Study in treatment of XXXX in childhood and concept of a new @entity4177 -94 protocol].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver neoplasm', 'Liver Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['AFP', 'serum-alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['malignant epithelial liver tumors']


abstract: 94 @entity1 with a primary @entity96 were registered in the Cooperative Pediatric @entity96 Study @entity4177 -89 of the GPOH from 1988 to 1992. 64 of these had a @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ), 12 a @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 2 a @entity242 and 16 a @entity5 . 51 (80%) @entity1 with an @entity4177 were 6 to 36 months of age, 9 with an @entity157 above 10 years. Initial @entity160 ( @entity160 ) was elevated in 51 @entity4177 @entity1 and exceeded the 3-fold of normal range in 45. @entity1 with low (< 100 ng/ml) and very high (> 1,000,000 ng/ml) levels had a significantly worse prognosis than those with intermediate values (p = 0.0014). @entity160 was moderately elevated in 9 @entity157 @entity1 . All other @entity5 markers were only irregularly above normal range. 48 (77%) of @entity4177 @entity1 survived, 45 (73%) are @entity5 free. All of 18 stage I and 4/5 stage II @entity1 are in remission. After chemotherapy 30/36 stage III HBs and 2/5 stage IV HBs could be resected, 9 of these @entity1 suffered from @entity5 relapse. Disease-free survival was 100% for stage I, 80% for stage II, 68% for stage III and zero for stage IV @entity4177 (p = 0.0005). @entity532 occurred after 8% of biopsies, 13% of limited primary resections and 25% of extended secondary resections. There was no perioperative @entity204 . The completeness of @entity5 resection at primary or delayed surgery correlated significantly with @entity1 disease-free survival (p < 0.0001). Chemotherapy with @entity1260 , @entity900 and @entity632 was effective in @entity4177 . 203 courses were given in 61 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of the XXXX -89 Study in treatment of @entity96 in childhood and concept of a new @entity4177 -94 protocol].

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['HB']


abstract: 94 @entity1 with a primary @entity96 were registered in the Cooperative Pediatric @entity96 Study @entity4177 -89 of the GPOH from 1988 to 1992. 64 of these had a @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ), 12 a @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 2 a @entity242 and 16 a @entity5 . 51 (80%) @entity1 with an @entity4177 were 6 to 36 months of age, 9 with an @entity157 above 10 years. Initial @entity160 ( @entity160 ) was elevated in 51 @entity4177 @entity1 and exceeded the 3-fold of normal range in 45. @entity1 with low (< 100 ng/ml) and very high (> 1,000,000 ng/ml) levels had a significantly worse prognosis than those with intermediate values (p = 0.0014). @entity160 was moderately elevated in 9 @entity157 @entity1 . All other @entity5 markers were only irregularly above normal range. 48 (77%) of @entity4177 @entity1 survived, 45 (73%) are @entity5 free. All of 18 stage I and 4/5 stage II @entity1 are in remission. After chemotherapy 30/36 stage III HBs and 2/5 stage IV HBs could be resected, 9 of these @entity1 suffered from @entity5 relapse. Disease-free survival was 100% for stage I, 80% for stage II, 68% for stage III and zero for stage IV @entity4177 (p = 0.0005). @entity532 occurred after 8% of biopsies, 13% of limited primary resections and 25% of extended secondary resections. There was no perioperative @entity204 . The completeness of @entity5 resection at primary or delayed surgery correlated significantly with @entity1 disease-free survival (p < 0.0001). Chemotherapy with @entity1260 , @entity900 and @entity632 was effective in @entity4177 . 203 courses were given in 61 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of the @entity4177 -89 Study in treatment of @entity96 in childhood and concept of a new XXXX -94 protocol].

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['HB']


abstract: @entity1507 tolerance is characterized by a loss of @entity1242 (NTG) vasodilating and @entity551 effects during continuous administration, but is difficult to detect clinically. We hypothesized that the @entity551 (BP) and the reflex sympathetic activation and @entity591 due to baroreflex deactivation associated with rapid intravenous (i.v.) infusion of NTG would be decreased during continuous NTG patch therapy as a result of tolerance to transdermal NTG. Sympathetic activation was measured as the change in amplitude of low-frequency (66-129 mHz) oscillations in BP and heart rate (HR) recorded by a noninvasive method. Eleven healthy male volunteers received rapid i.v. infusion of 0.45 mg NTG in 1 min on 3 consecutive days: before NTG patch, after 22.5 h of patch therapy, and 22.5 h after patch removal. The maximum decrease in systolic BP (SBP) and maximum reflex @entity591 as well as the sympathetic activation produced by i.v. NTG were compared during each of the three study periods. The maximum decrease in SBP was 38 +/- 8 mm Hg before NTG patch and 27 +/- 15 mm Hg during NTG patch (p < 0.05), with return to baseline values (37 +/- 13 mm Hg) after patch removal. There was no significant change in amplitude of reflex @entity591 among study periods. However, @entity4365 in SBP increased by 40 +/- 31% in the absence of NTG patch and by only 9 +/- 35% after 22.5 h of patch therapy (p < 0.05). Patch removal resulted in a significant rebound increase in these oscillations (70 +/- 51%; p < 0.05 vs. baseline).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Rapid development of XXXX tolerance in healthy volunteers: assessment using spectral analysis of short-term blood pressure and heart rate variability.

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['low-frequency oscillations']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'decrease in arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['nitrate']


abstract: Very few @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 can be cured. We have investigated whether a treatment to slow the growth of liver metastases, hepatic-artery infusion of @entity10049 , improves palliation in this setting. In a randomised study of 100 @entity1 , we compared quality of life and survival in @entity1 who received hepatic-artery infusion of @entity10049 and in those who received conventional symptom palliation. 95% of control @entity1 survival time was spent with normal quality-of-life scores, which suggests that the aim of treatment should be to prolong normal-quality survival rather than merely to sustain quality of life. There was a significant prolongation (p = 0.03) in overall survival in @entity10049 -treated @entity1 compared with controls (median 405 vs 226 days). There were similar significant prolongations in normal-quality (ie, normal symptom scores) survival for physical symptoms (p = 0.04), @entity148 (p = 0.04), and @entity308 (p = 0.04). This survival benefit was associated with significant reductions in @entity3 size on computed tomography (p = 0.001) and in serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration (p = 0.006) in @entity10049 -treated @entity1 . There was no evidence of treatment-related hepatotoxicity as assessed by serum @entity5906 aminotransferase and @entity648 measurements. This is the first demonstration that survival can be prolonged with normal quality of life in @entity1 with @entity14 . We conclude that hepatic-artery @entity10049 infusion can be recommended for suitable @entity1 .

title: Quality of life and survival with continuous hepatic-artery @entity10049 infusion for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: Very few @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 can be cured. We have investigated whether a treatment to slow the growth of liver metastases, hepatic-artery infusion of @entity10049 , improves palliation in this setting. In a randomised study of 100 @entity1 , we compared quality of life and survival in @entity1 who received hepatic-artery infusion of @entity10049 and in those who received conventional symptom palliation. 95% of control @entity1 survival time was spent with normal quality-of-life scores, which suggests that the aim of treatment should be to prolong normal-quality survival rather than merely to sustain quality of life. There was a significant prolongation (p = 0.03) in overall survival in @entity10049 -treated @entity1 compared with controls (median 405 vs 226 days). There were similar significant prolongations in normal-quality (ie, normal symptom scores) survival for physical symptoms (p = 0.04), @entity148 (p = 0.04), and @entity308 (p = 0.04). This survival benefit was associated with significant reductions in @entity3 size on computed tomography (p = 0.001) and in serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration (p = 0.006) in @entity10049 -treated @entity1 . There was no evidence of treatment-related hepatotoxicity as assessed by serum @entity5906 aminotransferase and @entity648 measurements. This is the first demonstration that survival can be prolonged with normal quality of life in @entity1 with @entity14 . We conclude that hepatic-artery @entity10049 infusion can be recommended for suitable @entity1 .

title: Quality of life and survival with continuous hepatic-artery XXXX infusion for @entity14 .

answer: @entity10049 :: (MESH:D005467,Chemical) :: ['floxuridine']


abstract: Surgery for @entity189 and @entity418 represents potentially curative therapy in early stage of @entity5 . In the advanced stage of @entity5 palliation is the only remaining therapeutic aim. In a retrospective study covering the period 1984-1992 we analyzed 51 @entity1 who underwent surgery for esophageal or @entity5 to determine whether palliation by surgery is feasible. We also analyzed morbidity and mortality of peri- and @entity260 . In 88% we carried out standard esophagectomy consisting of abdomino-thoracic access, gastric interposition with thoracic @entity254 and extramucous pyloromyotomy. In the light of postresection histology, 53% of the operations were potentially curative (UICC stage I and II) [1], 47% palliative (UICC stage III and IV) [1]. Perioperative 30-days mortality was nil, perioperative 30-days morbidity 11% (3 @entity1 developed @entity55 postoperatively, 2 @entity1 with cervical @entity254 developed @entity6783 of @entity254 which in both cases healed completely with conservative therapy, while a further @entity1 with cervical @entity254 suffered persistent @entity912 of the recurrent nerve. All @entity1 were fully able to feed themselves at the time of discharge. 43% of @entity1 had recurrent @entity1282 and 24% underwent endoscopic dilatation. Three-year survival was 26%. From these results it may be concluded that esophageal resection represents either good palliation with low morbidity for the majority of @entity1 with non-resectable @entity189 or potentially curative therapy with low morbidity in early stage of @entity5 .

title: [Results of surgical therapy in esophagus and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cardia cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['cardia carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pregnancy diagnostics in @entity1641 reproduction are routinely performed using transrectal ultrasonography, although it is also possible to visualize the fetus by transabdominal ultrasound examinations from the 90th day of gestation onward. We hypothesized that ultrasound examinations may stress the mare and that the gestational stage status and lactation may influence the mare's stress reaction. To investigate the stress reaction, 25 thoroughbred mares of different age, pregnancy and lactational status underwent a transrectal examination. In pregnant mares, an additional transabdominal examination was performed. Salivary @entity701 concentration, mean heart rate, and heart rate variability of mares were assessed to evaluate the reactions of @entity2339 and of the autonomic nervous system. Significant differences were observed between lactating and nonlactating mares; with a lower responsiveness to stress in lactating mares. The transrectal ultrasound examination in nonlactating mares induced a significant increase in salivary @entity701 (P  <  0.05), and in the heart rate variability parameter, ratio of low to high frequencies (P  <  0.05). This reflects an activation of the @entity2339 and a shift to more sympathetic dominance. In contrast, a transabdominally performed pregnancy check did not induce an activation of the @entity2339 over basal level but increased the mean heart rate and low to high frequency ratio. The results of this study indicate that checks of advanced pregnancies can be easily performed by transabdominal ultrasonography. With regard to animal welfare, this technique should be preferred during midgestation in nonlactating mares.

title: Influence of transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound examination on salivary XXXX , heart rate, and heart rate variability in mares.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis', 'HPA axis']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity706 is a disease characterized with massive skin infiltration of lymphoid malignant cells. They commonly express some T-cell markers, such as @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , and @entity4587 , and thus termed as @entity784 ( @entity784 ). Here, we present a case with @entity2940 / @entity2940 -positive @entity706 , which appears lymphocytic morphology and expresses @entity404 , but does not express @entity3138 , CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 , @entity4071 , @entity4755 , and @entity2225 . The most malignant cells contained no distinctive azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed that T cell receptor-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the cells were in germ-line configurations. Electron microscopic examination showed characteristics of lymphoid cells with higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio and lacked structures typical of other cell types (i.e., epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, and mesenchymal cells). Thus, the cells are likely to be immature lymphoid cells. Histological analysis revealed the cells infiltrate mainly into the dermis with angiocentric growth pattern. The clinical course was @entity146 , with rapid involvement of bone marrow and central nervous system. These striking features of the @entity1 may represent a novel fraction ( @entity3138 -, @entity404 +, and @entity2940 +) of @entity706 .

title: High expression of @entity2940 ( @entity2940 ) in a @entity1 with cutaneous @entity404 -positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCL', 'cutaneous T cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: @entity706 is a disease characterized with massive skin infiltration of lymphoid malignant cells. They commonly express some T-cell markers, such as @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , and @entity4587 , and thus termed as @entity784 ( @entity784 ). Here, we present a case with @entity2940 / @entity2940 -positive @entity706 , which appears lymphocytic morphology and expresses @entity404 , but does not express @entity3138 , CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 , @entity4071 , @entity4755 , and @entity2225 . The most malignant cells contained no distinctive azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed that T cell receptor-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the cells were in germ-line configurations. Electron microscopic examination showed characteristics of lymphoid cells with higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio and lacked structures typical of other cell types (i.e., epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, and mesenchymal cells). Thus, the cells are likely to be immature lymphoid cells. Histological analysis revealed the cells infiltrate mainly into the dermis with angiocentric growth pattern. The clinical course was @entity146 , with rapid involvement of bone marrow and central nervous system. These striking features of the @entity1 may represent a novel fraction ( @entity3138 -, @entity404 +, and @entity2940 +) of @entity706 .

title: High expression of XXXX ( @entity2940 ) in a @entity1 with cutaneous @entity404 -positive @entity706 .

answer: @entity2940 :: (4684,Gene) :: ['CD56']


abstract: @entity706 is a disease characterized with massive skin infiltration of lymphoid malignant cells. They commonly express some T-cell markers, such as @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , and @entity4587 , and thus termed as @entity784 ( @entity784 ). Here, we present a case with @entity2940 / @entity2940 -positive @entity706 , which appears lymphocytic morphology and expresses @entity404 , but does not express @entity3138 , CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 , @entity4071 , @entity4755 , and @entity2225 . The most malignant cells contained no distinctive azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed that T cell receptor-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the cells were in germ-line configurations. Electron microscopic examination showed characteristics of lymphoid cells with higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio and lacked structures typical of other cell types (i.e., epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, and mesenchymal cells). Thus, the cells are likely to be immature lymphoid cells. Histological analysis revealed the cells infiltrate mainly into the dermis with angiocentric growth pattern. The clinical course was @entity146 , with rapid involvement of bone marrow and central nervous system. These striking features of the @entity1 may represent a novel fraction ( @entity3138 -, @entity404 +, and @entity2940 +) of @entity706 .

title: High expression of @entity2940 ( XXXX ) in a @entity1 with cutaneous @entity404 -positive @entity706 .

answer: @entity2940 :: (4684,Gene) :: ['N-CAM']


abstract: @entity706 is a disease characterized with massive skin infiltration of lymphoid malignant cells. They commonly express some T-cell markers, such as @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , and @entity4587 , and thus termed as @entity784 ( @entity784 ). Here, we present a case with @entity2940 / @entity2940 -positive @entity706 , which appears lymphocytic morphology and expresses @entity404 , but does not express @entity3138 , CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 , @entity4071 , @entity4755 , and @entity2225 . The most malignant cells contained no distinctive azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed that T cell receptor-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the cells were in germ-line configurations. Electron microscopic examination showed characteristics of lymphoid cells with higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio and lacked structures typical of other cell types (i.e., epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, and mesenchymal cells). Thus, the cells are likely to be immature lymphoid cells. Histological analysis revealed the cells infiltrate mainly into the dermis with angiocentric growth pattern. The clinical course was @entity146 , with rapid involvement of bone marrow and central nervous system. These striking features of the @entity1 may represent a novel fraction ( @entity3138 -, @entity404 +, and @entity2940 +) of @entity706 .

title: High expression of @entity2940 ( @entity2940 ) in a @entity1 with cutaneous XXXX -positive @entity706 .

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: @entity706 is a disease characterized with massive skin infiltration of lymphoid malignant cells. They commonly express some T-cell markers, such as @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , and @entity4587 , and thus termed as @entity784 ( @entity784 ). Here, we present a case with @entity2940 / @entity2940 -positive @entity706 , which appears lymphocytic morphology and expresses @entity404 , but does not express @entity3138 , CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 , @entity4071 , @entity4755 , and @entity2225 . The most malignant cells contained no distinctive azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed that T cell receptor-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the cells were in germ-line configurations. Electron microscopic examination showed characteristics of lymphoid cells with higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio and lacked structures typical of other cell types (i.e., epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, and mesenchymal cells). Thus, the cells are likely to be immature lymphoid cells. Histological analysis revealed the cells infiltrate mainly into the dermis with angiocentric growth pattern. The clinical course was @entity146 , with rapid involvement of bone marrow and central nervous system. These striking features of the @entity1 may represent a novel fraction ( @entity3138 -, @entity404 +, and @entity2940 +) of @entity706 .

title: High expression of @entity2940 ( @entity2940 ) in a XXXX with cutaneous @entity404 -positive @entity706 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity60 ) interacts synergistically with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce transcription of @entity13633 , the isoform of @entity842 synthase whose activity is independent of elevated @entity141 and exogenous calmodulin. To define a cis-acting element mediating @entity60 -dependent synergy, we made deletions in @entity13633 promoter constructs fused to reporter genes, transfected RAW 264.7 macrophages, and treated the cells with @entity60 and/or LPS. This analysis implicated the region from positions -951 to -911, a cluster of four enhancer elements known to bind @entity60 -responsive transcription factors, including an interferon regulatory factor binding site (IRF-E) at @entity2036 -913 to -923. Site-specific substitution of two conserved @entity2036 within IRF-E in the context of the full-length @entity13633 promoter ablated @entity60 's contribution to synergistic enhancement of transcription. Electromobility shift assays performed with a probe containing IRF-E revealed the existence of a complex in nuclei of RAW 264.7 macrophages that was present only after treatment with @entity60 , which reacted specifically with anti- @entity26187 immunoglobulin G and which included a species migrating at 40-45 kD, consistent with the apparent molecular weight of @entity19 @entity26187 . Thus, the synergistic contribution of @entity60 to transcription of @entity13633 in RAW 264.7 macrophages requires that @entity26187 bind to IRF-E in the @entity13633 promoter. In conjunction with the work of Kamijo et al. (Kamijo, R., H. @entity7375 , T. Matsuyama, M. Bosland, J. Gerecitano, D. Shapiro, J. Le, K. S. Im, T. Kimura, S. Green et al. 1994. Science [Wash. DC]. 263:1612), these findings identify @entity13633 as the first gene that requires @entity26187 for @entity60 -dependent transcriptional regulation.

title: Role of XXXX in induction of @entity842 synthase.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity26187 :: (16362(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon regulatory factor 1']


abstract: @entity60 ) interacts synergistically with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce transcription of @entity13633 , the isoform of @entity842 synthase whose activity is independent of elevated @entity141 and exogenous calmodulin. To define a cis-acting element mediating @entity60 -dependent synergy, we made deletions in @entity13633 promoter constructs fused to reporter genes, transfected RAW 264.7 macrophages, and treated the cells with @entity60 and/or LPS. This analysis implicated the region from positions -951 to -911, a cluster of four enhancer elements known to bind @entity60 -responsive transcription factors, including an interferon regulatory factor binding site (IRF-E) at @entity2036 -913 to -923. Site-specific substitution of two conserved @entity2036 within IRF-E in the context of the full-length @entity13633 promoter ablated @entity60 's contribution to synergistic enhancement of transcription. Electromobility shift assays performed with a probe containing IRF-E revealed the existence of a complex in nuclei of RAW 264.7 macrophages that was present only after treatment with @entity60 , which reacted specifically with anti- @entity26187 immunoglobulin G and which included a species migrating at 40-45 kD, consistent with the apparent molecular weight of @entity19 @entity26187 . Thus, the synergistic contribution of @entity60 to transcription of @entity13633 in RAW 264.7 macrophages requires that @entity26187 bind to IRF-E in the @entity13633 promoter. In conjunction with the work of Kamijo et al. (Kamijo, R., H. @entity7375 , T. Matsuyama, M. Bosland, J. Gerecitano, D. Shapiro, J. Le, K. S. Im, T. Kimura, S. Green et al. 1994. Science [Wash. DC]. 263:1612), these findings identify @entity13633 as the first gene that requires @entity26187 for @entity60 -dependent transcriptional regulation.

title: Role of @entity26187 in induction of XXXX synthase.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Shivering is an unpleasant sensation for @entity1 who undergoing spinal anesthesia. This randomized double-blind clinical trial study was designed to compare the effect of intrathecal @entity3575 with intrathecal @entity6882 for prevention of shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Ninety @entity1 were randomly recruited to receive either 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 plus 20  g of @entity3575 (Group F), or 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 plus 0.2 mg/kg of @entity6882 (Group M), or 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 plus normal saline (Group S). The incidence and intensity of shivering were compared in three groups. Data were analyzed by analysis of variances, Mann-Whitney U-test followed by Chi-square test. FINDINGS: There were not statistically differences in complications and side-effects between three groups. Total incidence of shivering was similar between Groups F and M (16.7% vs. 13.3% respectively, P = 0.72) whereas it was significantly different to Group S (43.3%) (P = 0.025 for Group F vs. S, and P = 0.011 for Group M vs. S). Also the intensity of shivering between Groups F and M was similar (P = 0.66), while it was significantly less in these groups compared to Group S (P = 0.013 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: Addition of @entity3575 20  g or @entity6882 0.2 mg/kg to 0.5% @entity1341 intrathecally significantly decreased the incidence of shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries. There was no significant difference between two drugs with this respect.

title: Intrathecal XXXX versus intrathecal @entity3575 for prevention of shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['Meperidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Shivering is an unpleasant sensation for @entity1 who undergoing spinal anesthesia. This randomized double-blind clinical trial study was designed to compare the effect of intrathecal @entity3575 with intrathecal @entity6882 for prevention of shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Ninety @entity1 were randomly recruited to receive either 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 plus 20  g of @entity3575 (Group F), or 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 plus 0.2 mg/kg of @entity6882 (Group M), or 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 plus normal saline (Group S). The incidence and intensity of shivering were compared in three groups. Data were analyzed by analysis of variances, Mann-Whitney U-test followed by Chi-square test. FINDINGS: There were not statistically differences in complications and side-effects between three groups. Total incidence of shivering was similar between Groups F and M (16.7% vs. 13.3% respectively, P = 0.72) whereas it was significantly different to Group S (43.3%) (P = 0.025 for Group F vs. S, and P = 0.011 for Group M vs. S). Also the intensity of shivering between Groups F and M was similar (P = 0.66), while it was significantly less in these groups compared to Group S (P = 0.013 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: Addition of @entity3575 20  g or @entity6882 0.2 mg/kg to 0.5% @entity1341 intrathecally significantly decreased the incidence of shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries. There was no significant difference between two drugs with this respect.

title: Intrathecal @entity6882 versus intrathecal XXXX for prevention of shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['Fentanyl']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Severe deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin has a highly variable clinical presentation. The Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin @entity370 a1 Study is a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study of adults older than age 35 years with PiZZ or PiMZ alpha-1 antitrypsin genotypes. It is designed to better understand if microbial factors influence this heterogeneity. Clinical symptoms, pulmonary function testing, computed chest tomography, exercise capacity, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) will be used to define @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) phenotypes that can be studied with an integrated systems biology approach that includes plasma proteomics; mouth, BAL, and stool microbiome and virome analysis; and blood microRNA and blood mononuclear cell RNA and DNA profiling. We will rely on global genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome datasets. Matched cohorts of PiZZ @entity1 on or off alpha-1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy, PiMZ @entity1 not on augmentation therapy, and control @entity1 from the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in @entity1030 Study who match on FEV1 and age will be compared. In the primary analysis, we will determine if the PiZZ individuals on augmentation therapy have a difference in lower respiratory tract microbes identified compared with matched PiZZ individuals who are not on augmentation therapy. By characterizing the microbiome in @entity8693 ( @entity8693 ), we hope to define new phenotypes of @entity1030 that explain some of the diversity of clinical presentations. As a unique genetic cause of @entity1030 , @entity8693 may inform typical @entity1030 pathogenesis, and better understanding of it may illuminate the complex interplay between environment and genetics. Although the biologic approaches are hypothesis generating, the results may lead to development of novel biomarkers, better understanding of @entity1030 phenotypes, and development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic trials in @entity8693 and @entity1030 . Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01832220).

title: Rationale and Design of the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin XXXX Study. Alpha-1 Protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['Deficiency and Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity8693 :: ('MESH:D019896', 'Disease') :: ['AATD', 'alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Deficiency and Sarcoidosis']


abstract: QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: @entity58343 with or without @entity417 is the most common @entity4536 . Its prevalence is higher in developing countries and in low socioeconomic populations. We aimed at determining and comparing the prevalence of @entity58343 in an immigrant and non-immigrant population. METHODS: Every @entity1 scheduled for a routine check-up at 12 months of age was allowed to participate in the study. Haemoglobin, ferritin, anthropometric data, familial and nutritional status were measured. RESULTS: 586 @entity1 were eligible and 463 were included in the study as they had assessment data at 12 months. @entity1 were divided into two groups: immigrants' @entity1 and non-immigrants' @entity1 . The global prevalence of @entity58343 was 5.7% at 12 months. A significant difference for @entity58343 was noticed between the groups at 12 months (p = 0.01). Among risk factors, immigration (odds ratio 2.91; 95% CI 1.05-8.04) and unemployment (odds ratio 6.08; 95% CI 1.18-31.30) had the higher odds in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity58343 in the immigrant population is higher than in non-immigrants. Immigration and the category of employment are risk factors for @entity58343 , as starting baby cereals before 9 months is a protective factor. Good socioeconomic conditions in Switzerland, the quality of food for pregnant @entity1 and young @entity1 may be the explanation. A study up to five years of age is necessary before drawing general conclusions on infancy.

title: XXXX in infancy: is an immigrant more at risk?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in the world']

entities_list: @entity58343 :: ('MESH:D018798', 'Disease') :: ['iron deficiency', 'Iron deficiency']

answer: @entity58343 :: (MESH:D018798,Disease) :: ['Iron deficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in @entity1 diagnosed with otomastoiditis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. METHODS: A retrospective case review of 16 @entity1 diagnosed with otomastoiditis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria from 2000 to 2012 was conducted in a hospital and tertiary referral centre in Sweden. The main outcome measures were microbiology findings, and surgical and medical interventions and outcomes. In addition, the relevant literature was reviewed. RESULTS: In three @entity1 with otomastoiditis, the disease had spread intracranially. The bacteriological findings revealed @entity7665 (n  =  12), @entity7665 fortuitum (n  =  2) and @entity3069 complex (n  =  2). Surgical treatment was undertaken in all but three @entity1 , including exploration of the temporal lobe in one patient. Systemic antibiotic treatment was given to all but one @entity1 . Eight @entity1 healed completely. Eight @entity1 developed @entity393 . Two @entity1 had relapse of the @entity281 several months after the antibiotic treatment had been discontinued. CONCLUSION: Non-tuberculous otomastoiditis is a severe @entity2169 with challenging considerations, and should be treated aggressively in order to avoid morbidity.

title: Otomastoiditis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria: report of 16 cases, 3 with XXXX intracranially.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity7665 :: ('36809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium', 'Mycobacterium abscessus']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined the radiographic osteoarthritic worsening rate prior to knee arthroplasty (TKA) and whether this worsening was associated with worsening @entity158 and function as compared to a non-surgical matched sample. METHODS: We used the @entity571 Initiative 5-year datasets. Extent of knee @entity571 2 years prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was matched to knees of @entity1 who did not undergo TKA. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) Function and @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS) @entity158 scales were used to quantify functional deficit and functionally relevant @entity158 respectively. A total of 167 @entity1 with isolated TKA and 300 @entity1 with matched symptomatic knee @entity571 but no TKA were studied. RESULTS: During the 2 years prior to TKA, worsening by at least one Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade occurred in 27.4% (95% CI  =  20.6-34.2) of the surgical knees compared to 6.6% (95% CI  =  3.8-9.4) of matched non-surgical knees. @entity571 radiographic progression was strongly associated with WOMAC Function and KOOS @entity158 worsening (P  <  0.001) in the 2 years prior to TKA. KL worsening was strongly associated with future arthroplasty (Odds ratio  =  5.0, 95% CI  =  2.6-9.8) after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing TKA 2 years later had substantial worsening @entity158 and function over the 2-year pre-operative period as compared to a non-surgical sample matched based on KL grades. Almost 30% of @entity1 who elect to undergo TKA undergo rapid disease progression and symptom worsening during the 2 years prior to TKA.

title: Knee XXXX radiographic progression and associations with @entity158 and function prior to knee arthroplasty: a multicenter comparative cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined the radiographic osteoarthritic worsening rate prior to knee arthroplasty (TKA) and whether this worsening was associated with worsening @entity158 and function as compared to a non-surgical matched sample. METHODS: We used the @entity571 Initiative 5-year datasets. Extent of knee @entity571 2 years prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was matched to knees of @entity1 who did not undergo TKA. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) Function and @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS) @entity158 scales were used to quantify functional deficit and functionally relevant @entity158 respectively. A total of 167 @entity1 with isolated TKA and 300 @entity1 with matched symptomatic knee @entity571 but no TKA were studied. RESULTS: During the 2 years prior to TKA, worsening by at least one Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade occurred in 27.4% (95% CI  =  20.6-34.2) of the surgical knees compared to 6.6% (95% CI  =  3.8-9.4) of matched non-surgical knees. @entity571 radiographic progression was strongly associated with WOMAC Function and KOOS @entity158 worsening (P  <  0.001) in the 2 years prior to TKA. KL worsening was strongly associated with future arthroplasty (Odds ratio  =  5.0, 95% CI  =  2.6-9.8) after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing TKA 2 years later had substantial worsening @entity158 and function over the 2-year pre-operative period as compared to a non-surgical sample matched based on KL grades. Almost 30% of @entity1 who elect to undergo TKA undergo rapid disease progression and symptom worsening during the 2 years prior to TKA.

title: Knee @entity571 radiographic progression and associations with XXXX and function prior to knee arthroplasty: a multicenter comparative cohort study.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2479 and reperfusion injuries (IRI) permanently affect neuronal tissue and function by apoptosis and @entity32 due to the limited regenerative potential of neurons. Recently, evidence emerged that the noble gas Argon exerts protective properties, while lacking any detrimental or adverse effects. We hypothesized that @entity4185 after IRI would exert antiapoptotic effects in the retina, thereby protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC) of the @entity35 's eye. METHODS: IRI was performed on the left eyes of @entity35 (n=8) with or without inhaled Argon postconditioning (25, 50 and 75 Vol%) for 1 hour immediately or delayed after @entity63 (i.e. 1.5 and 3 hours). Retinal tissue was harvested after 24 hours to analyze mRNA and protein expression of @entity1976 , @entity2310 and @entity4124 , @entity4026 . Densities of @entity16853 -prelabeled RGCs were analyzed 7 days after injury in whole-mounts. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry and blood was analyzed regarding systemic effects of Argon or IRI. Statistics were performed using One-Way ANOVA. RESULTS: IRI induced RGC loss was reduced by Argon 75 Vol% inhalation and was dose-dependently attenuated by lower concentrations, or by delayed @entity4185 (1504  300 vs. 2761  257; p<0.001). Moreover, Argon inhibited @entity2310 and @entity1976 mRNA expression significantly ( @entity2310 : 1.64  0.30 vs. 0.78  0.29 and @entity1976 : 2.07  0.29 vs. 0.99  0.22; both p<0.01), as well as @entity4124 cleavage (1.91  0.46 vs. 1.05  0.36; p<0.001). Expression of @entity4026 was attenuated significantly. Immunohistochemistry revealed an affection of M  ller cells and astrocytes. In addition, IRI induced @entity491 was reduced significantly after @entity4185 at 75 Vol%. CONCLUSION: Immediate and delayed Argon postconditioning protects IRI induced apoptotic loss of RGC in a time- and dose-dependent manner, possibly mediated by the inhibition of @entity4026 . Further studies need to evaluate Argon's possible role as a therapeutic option.

title: XXXX attenuates retinal apoptosis after @entity63 /reperfusion injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Argon inhalation']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity16853 :: ('MESH:C049774', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorogold']

answer: @entity4185 :: (MESH:D058545,Disease) :: ['Argon inhalation']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2479 and reperfusion injuries (IRI) permanently affect neuronal tissue and function by apoptosis and @entity32 due to the limited regenerative potential of neurons. Recently, evidence emerged that the noble gas Argon exerts protective properties, while lacking any detrimental or adverse effects. We hypothesized that @entity4185 after IRI would exert antiapoptotic effects in the retina, thereby protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC) of the @entity35 's eye. METHODS: IRI was performed on the left eyes of @entity35 (n=8) with or without inhaled Argon postconditioning (25, 50 and 75 Vol%) for 1 hour immediately or delayed after @entity63 (i.e. 1.5 and 3 hours). Retinal tissue was harvested after 24 hours to analyze mRNA and protein expression of @entity1976 , @entity2310 and @entity4124 , @entity4026 . Densities of @entity16853 -prelabeled RGCs were analyzed 7 days after injury in whole-mounts. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry and blood was analyzed regarding systemic effects of Argon or IRI. Statistics were performed using One-Way ANOVA. RESULTS: IRI induced RGC loss was reduced by Argon 75 Vol% inhalation and was dose-dependently attenuated by lower concentrations, or by delayed @entity4185 (1504  300 vs. 2761  257; p<0.001). Moreover, Argon inhibited @entity2310 and @entity1976 mRNA expression significantly ( @entity2310 : 1.64  0.30 vs. 0.78  0.29 and @entity1976 : 2.07  0.29 vs. 0.99  0.22; both p<0.01), as well as @entity4124 cleavage (1.91  0.46 vs. 1.05  0.36; p<0.001). Expression of @entity4026 was attenuated significantly. Immunohistochemistry revealed an affection of M  ller cells and astrocytes. In addition, IRI induced @entity491 was reduced significantly after @entity4185 at 75 Vol%. CONCLUSION: Immediate and delayed Argon postconditioning protects IRI induced apoptotic loss of RGC in a time- and dose-dependent manner, possibly mediated by the inhibition of @entity4026 . Further studies need to evaluate Argon's possible role as a therapeutic option.

title: @entity4185 attenuates retinal apoptosis after XXXX /reperfusion injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner in @entity35 .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2479 and reperfusion injuries (IRI) permanently affect neuronal tissue and function by apoptosis and @entity32 due to the limited regenerative potential of neurons. Recently, evidence emerged that the noble gas Argon exerts protective properties, while lacking any detrimental or adverse effects. We hypothesized that @entity4185 after IRI would exert antiapoptotic effects in the retina, thereby protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC) of the @entity35 's eye. METHODS: IRI was performed on the left eyes of @entity35 (n=8) with or without inhaled Argon postconditioning (25, 50 and 75 Vol%) for 1 hour immediately or delayed after @entity63 (i.e. 1.5 and 3 hours). Retinal tissue was harvested after 24 hours to analyze mRNA and protein expression of @entity1976 , @entity2310 and @entity4124 , @entity4026 . Densities of @entity16853 -prelabeled RGCs were analyzed 7 days after injury in whole-mounts. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry and blood was analyzed regarding systemic effects of Argon or IRI. Statistics were performed using One-Way ANOVA. RESULTS: IRI induced RGC loss was reduced by Argon 75 Vol% inhalation and was dose-dependently attenuated by lower concentrations, or by delayed @entity4185 (1504  300 vs. 2761  257; p<0.001). Moreover, Argon inhibited @entity2310 and @entity1976 mRNA expression significantly ( @entity2310 : 1.64  0.30 vs. 0.78  0.29 and @entity1976 : 2.07  0.29 vs. 0.99  0.22; both p<0.01), as well as @entity4124 cleavage (1.91  0.46 vs. 1.05  0.36; p<0.001). Expression of @entity4026 was attenuated significantly. Immunohistochemistry revealed an affection of M  ller cells and astrocytes. In addition, IRI induced @entity491 was reduced significantly after @entity4185 at 75 Vol%. CONCLUSION: Immediate and delayed Argon postconditioning protects IRI induced apoptotic loss of RGC in a time- and dose-dependent manner, possibly mediated by the inhibition of @entity4026 . Further studies need to evaluate Argon's possible role as a therapeutic option.

title: @entity4185 attenuates retinal apoptosis after @entity63 /reperfusion injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have recently reported on an increase of @entity1192 and @entity650 autoantibodies in @entity1 maintained on chronic hemodialysis treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate functional properties of these autoantibodies. Serum samples of more then 500 @entity177 @entity1 with and without replacement therapy were screened for the presence of @entity1192 and @entity650 autoantibodies by second antibody precipitation. The neutralizing capacity of @entity1192 autoantibody serum was studied by immunofluorescence flow cytometry analysis of @entity1192 induced expression of @entity4105 ( @entity4105 , @entity4105 ) on HUVEC ( @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells). Results of these inhibition studies were confirmed with IgG preparations from antibody positive sera, purified by affinity chromatography. Functional studies on @entity650 -dependent B9 cell proliferation were performed with @entity650 autoantibody positive sera, and quantitated with the colorimetric @entity98 assay. @entity1192 induced expression of @entity4105 on HUVEC (considered 100% positive cells) was inhibited by each @entity1192 autoantibody positive serum sample (N = 13; anti- @entity1192 activity: 7.62 to 57.52% binding). Inhibition of @entity4105 expression by @entity1192 autoantibodies ranged from 0.11 to 80.22% positive cells (0.15 to 92.31% mean fluorescence intensity). A strong correlation of @entity4105 expression with @entity1192 autoantibody concentration was observed (P < 0.005). Furthermore, IgG eluates from autoantibody positive @entity1 inhibited @entity4105 expression to 41.0 +/- 23.1% positive cells if compared with 83.7 +/- 5.7% positive cells of the IgG depleted serum samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Functional characterization of cytokine autoantibodies in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: We have recently reported on an increase of @entity1192 and @entity650 autoantibodies in @entity1 maintained on chronic hemodialysis treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate functional properties of these autoantibodies. Serum samples of more then 500 @entity177 @entity1 with and without replacement therapy were screened for the presence of @entity1192 and @entity650 autoantibodies by second antibody precipitation. The neutralizing capacity of @entity1192 autoantibody serum was studied by immunofluorescence flow cytometry analysis of @entity1192 induced expression of @entity4105 ( @entity4105 , @entity4105 ) on HUVEC ( @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells). Results of these inhibition studies were confirmed with IgG preparations from antibody positive sera, purified by affinity chromatography. Functional studies on @entity650 -dependent B9 cell proliferation were performed with @entity650 autoantibody positive sera, and quantitated with the colorimetric @entity98 assay. @entity1192 induced expression of @entity4105 on HUVEC (considered 100% positive cells) was inhibited by each @entity1192 autoantibody positive serum sample (N = 13; anti- @entity1192 activity: 7.62 to 57.52% binding). Inhibition of @entity4105 expression by @entity1192 autoantibodies ranged from 0.11 to 80.22% positive cells (0.15 to 92.31% mean fluorescence intensity). A strong correlation of @entity4105 expression with @entity1192 autoantibody concentration was observed (P < 0.005). Furthermore, IgG eluates from autoantibody positive @entity1 inhibited @entity4105 expression to 41.0 +/- 23.1% positive cells if compared with 83.7 +/- 5.7% positive cells of the IgG depleted serum samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Functional characterization of cytokine autoantibodies in @entity177 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Approaches for extrapolating in vitro @entity137 testing results for prediction of @entity1 in vivo outcomes are needed. The purpose of this case study was to employ in vitro toxicokinetics and PBPK modeling to perform in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of lindane @entity2359 . Lindane cell and media concentrations in vitro, together with in vitro concentration-response data for lindane effects on neuronal network firing rates, were compared to in vivo data and model simulations as an exercise in extrapolation for chemical-induced @entity2359 in rodents and @entity1 . Time- and concentration-dependent lindane dosimetry was determined in primary cultures of @entity35 cortical neurons in vitro using "faux" (without electrodes) microelectrode arrays (MEAs). In vivo data were derived from literature values, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to extrapolate from @entity35 to @entity1 . The previously determined EC50 for increased firing rates in primary cultures of cortical neurons was 0.6 g/ml. Media and cell lindane concentrations at the EC50 were 0.4 g/ml and 7.1 g/ml, respectively, and cellular lindane accumulation was time- and concentration-dependent. @entity35 blood and brain lindane levels during @entity410 were 1.7-1.9 g/ml and 5-11 g/ml, respectively. Brain lindane levels associated with @entity410 in @entity35 and those predicted for @entity1 (average=7 g/ml) by PBPK modeling were very similar to in vitro concentrations detected in cortical cells at the EC50 dose. PBPK model predictions matched literature data and timing. These findings indicate that in vitro MEA results are predictive of in vivo responses to lindane and demonstrate a successful modeling approach for IVIVE of @entity35 and @entity1 @entity2359 .

title: Improving in vitro to in vivo extrapolation by incorporating toxicokinetic measurements: A case study of lindane-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: To assess the prevalence of @entity943 and late potentials (LPs) in @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) and to identify clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic markers of spontaneous @entity943 , we studied 58 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 46.6 +/- 17.8 years; 29 males, 29 females) with @entity3454 diagnosed by echocardiography. @entity1 underwent ambulatory ECG recording (n = 58), exercise stress test (n = 56), signal-averaged ECG (n = 58), and programmed ventricular stimulation (n = 52). Ten @entity1 (17.2%) had spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), 26 @entity1 (44.8%) had @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), Lown grade > or = 3 during 24-hour ECG, and 19 had Lown grade > or = 3 @entity1540 during exercise stress test; 13 @entity1 had LPs (22.4%). We provoked sustained VT in one case and @entity1165 in ten cases. @entity1 with complex @entity943 during 24-hour ECG and exercise stress test were older and more often had @entity339 . There was a statistical correlation between the presence of LPs and spontaneous VT (46.1% vs 8.9%; P < 0.005) and induced @entity943 (50% vs 12.8%; P < 0.005). No correlation was found between spontaneous @entity943 and @entity572 of the mitral valve. In conclusion, complex ventricular @entity943 (especially VT) and LPs are frequent in @entity3454 . @entity1 age and @entity339 seem to be determinant factors of complex @entity943 in @entity3454 . On signal-averaged ECG, absence of LPs seems to be a good additional marker to identify @entity3454 @entity1 without spontaneous VT. On the other hand, programmed ventricular stimulation does not appear valuable in determining a @entity3454 subgroup with a high risk of @entity943 .

title: XXXX factors in @entity3454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['NSVT', 'nonsustained ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['thickness or posterior displacement']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: To assess the prevalence of @entity943 and late potentials (LPs) in @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) and to identify clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic markers of spontaneous @entity943 , we studied 58 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 46.6 +/- 17.8 years; 29 males, 29 females) with @entity3454 diagnosed by echocardiography. @entity1 underwent ambulatory ECG recording (n = 58), exercise stress test (n = 56), signal-averaged ECG (n = 58), and programmed ventricular stimulation (n = 52). Ten @entity1 (17.2%) had spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), 26 @entity1 (44.8%) had @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), Lown grade > or = 3 during 24-hour ECG, and 19 had Lown grade > or = 3 @entity1540 during exercise stress test; 13 @entity1 had LPs (22.4%). We provoked sustained VT in one case and @entity1165 in ten cases. @entity1 with complex @entity943 during 24-hour ECG and exercise stress test were older and more often had @entity339 . There was a statistical correlation between the presence of LPs and spontaneous VT (46.1% vs 8.9%; P < 0.005) and induced @entity943 (50% vs 12.8%; P < 0.005). No correlation was found between spontaneous @entity943 and @entity572 of the mitral valve. In conclusion, complex ventricular @entity943 (especially VT) and LPs are frequent in @entity3454 . @entity1 age and @entity339 seem to be determinant factors of complex @entity943 in @entity3454 . On signal-averaged ECG, absence of LPs seems to be a good additional marker to identify @entity3454 @entity1 without spontaneous VT. On the other hand, programmed ventricular stimulation does not appear valuable in determining a @entity3454 subgroup with a high risk of @entity943 .

title: @entity943 factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['mitral valve prolapse']


abstract: Two porous orbital implants available for clinical use in the anophthalmic socket are @entity692 (HA) and porous @entity691 (PP). We examined the rate and the extent of fibrovascular ingrowth into these implants using histopathologic criteria in a @entity95 model. Thirty-two New Zealand white @entity95 underwent a unilateral enucleation with placement of a 14-mm spherical orbital implant. Twelve @entity95 received HA, 12 small-pore PP, and 8 large-pore PP. The implants inserted were wrapped either in autologous sclera with and without anterior fenestrations or as unwrapped spheres. The implants were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks. The extent of fibrovascular ingrowth was assessed by determining the percentage of the cross-sectional area penetrated by fibrovascular tissue. On gross inspection, 12 implants (37.5%) were found to be exposed at harvesting; however, only two were grossly infected. The highest rate of exposure was found among the unwrapped implants. Wrapped versus unwrapped and fenestrated versus unfenestrated implants did not result in significant differences in the extent of vascularization. @entity692 implants were vascularized most rapidly. The small-pore PP implants did not become fully vascularized during the study, and yet complete vascularization was found in the large-pore PP at 12 weeks. The most intense areas of microscopic fibrovascular ingrowth were in the region where the extraocular muscles were in direct contact with the implant and at the posterior opening. Exposure of the implant was accompanied by chronic and acute @entity32 . Both HA and large-pore PP spherical implants are capable of complete vascularization in this animal model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of fibrovascular ingrowth into @entity692 and porous XXXX orbital implants.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite', 'Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']