abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of 1- to 2-cm appendiceal @entity5 remains controversial. Here we use the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to compare long-term outcomes for @entity1 treated via resection of the @entity5 alone vs @entity4265 ( @entity4265 ). STUDY DESIGN: The 1998 to 2011 NCDB User File was queried to identify @entity1 with 1- to 2-cm appendiceal @entity4303 . @entity1 were stratified by surgical technique: resection of the @entity5 alone vs @entity4265 with regional lymphadenectomy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare short-term outcomes. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with comparisons based on the log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 916 @entity1 were identified, including 42% managed with primary resection and 58% with @entity4265 . @entity1 who underwent @entity4265 had slightly larger @entity5 and @entity5 ; otherwise, there were no baseline differences between groups. The rates of positive margins were similar (5.5% vs 4.5%; p  = 0.60). Among all @entity1 , 1- and 5-year survival were 98.1% and 88.7% vs 96.7% and 87.4% (p  = 0.52) for those managed via primary resection vs @entity4265 , respectively. Among @entity1 with moderate/high-grade/anaplastic @entity4303 , 1- and 5-year survival were 93.3% and 72.0% vs 92.3% and 71.9%, respectively (p  = 0.78). After adjustment with Cox proportional hazards modeling, we confirmed that there was no survival benefit for @entity1 undergoing @entity4265 (hazard ratio  = 1.14; p  = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: For 1- to 2-cm appendiceal @entity4303 , formal resection of the right colon does not appear to improve survival, even for higher-grade @entity5 . Our findings suggest that resection of the @entity5 alone is adequate for all @entity4303 <2 cm.

title: Management of 1- to 2-cm XXXX of the Appendix: Using the National Cancer Data Base to Address Controversies in General Surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['higher-stage tumors', 'carcinoid tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hemicolectomy', 'RHC']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Carcinoid Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Imaging with fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) has, until recently provided disappointing results with low sensitivity ranging from 31%-64% in @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity263 ( @entity263 ) at all prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels while fluorine-18-fluoroethylcholine ((18)F- @entity7886 ) PET/CT showed about 85% sensitivity in restaging @entity1 after relapse. We present our experience of the sensitivity of (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT in the early stages of @entity263 . SUBJECT AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 were prospectively recruited and imaged, of which 40 fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Our @entity1 had an average age of 65.5 years. Fifteen @entity1 were referred for initial staging, with the remaining 25 referred for restaging and all @entity1 had histologically confirmed @entity420 . @entity1 were imaged by (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT. Findings were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively and compared to the results of histology, PSA, Gleason score and bone scintigraphy. The prostate SUVmax was also used. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 demonstrated abnormal pelvic- and or extra- pelvic findings on (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT, which was consistent with malignant or metastatic involvement. The prostate SUVmax could not be used to predict the presence or absence of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Findings of this paper suggest that (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT in 30/40 cases (estimated as 75%) was helpful in the initial staging, restaging and lymph node detection of @entity1 with @entity263 . The SUVmax was not helpful. We diagnosed more @entity263 cases in our African-American @entity1 as compared to the Caucasian @entity1 .

title: Fluorine-18-Fluoroethylcholine PET/CT in the detection of XXXX : A South African experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study, we compared @entity22798 long-acting release ( @entity22798 LAR) with @entity2390 long-acting repeatable ( @entity2390 LAR) in managing @entity1109 refractory to first-generation @entity1943 analogues. Adults with @entity5 of the digestive tract were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity22798 LAR (60 mg) or @entity2390 LAR (40 mg) every 28 days. Primary outcome was symptom control based on frequency of bowel movements and @entity1671 episodes. Objective @entity5 response was a secondary outcome. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated in a post hoc analysis. Adverse events were recorded. At the time of a planned interim analysis, the data monitoring committee recommended halting the study because of a low predictive probability of showing superiority of @entity22798 over @entity2390 for symptom control (n=43 @entity22798 LAR, 20.9%; n=45 @entity2390 LAR, 26.7%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-1.97; P=0.53). Tumor control rate at month 6 was 62.7% with @entity22798 and 46.2% with @entity2390 (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.89-4.32; P=0.09). Median (95% CI) PFS was 11.8 months (11.0 - not reached) with @entity22798 versus 6.8 months (5.6 - not reached) with @entity2390 (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.98; P=0.045). The most frequent drug-related adverse events ( @entity22798 vs @entity2390 ) included @entity4854 (28.3% vs 5.3%), @entity1295 (11.3% vs 3.5%), and @entity390 (9.4% vs 0%). We conclude that, among @entity1 with @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues, similar proportions of @entity1 receiving @entity22798 LAR or @entity2390 LAR achieved symptom control at month 6. @entity22798 LAR showed a trend toward higher @entity5 control rate at month 6, although it was statistically not significant, and was associated with a longer PFS than @entity2390 LAR.

title: Phase III study of @entity22798 long-acting release in @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 and XXXX refractory to available @entity1943 analogues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid symptoms']

entities_list: @entity22798 :: ('MESH:C517782', 'Chemical') :: ['Pasireotide', 'pasireotide']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['carcinoid symptoms']


abstract: In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study, we compared @entity22798 long-acting release ( @entity22798 LAR) with @entity2390 long-acting repeatable ( @entity2390 LAR) in managing @entity1109 refractory to first-generation @entity1943 analogues. Adults with @entity5 of the digestive tract were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity22798 LAR (60 mg) or @entity2390 LAR (40 mg) every 28 days. Primary outcome was symptom control based on frequency of bowel movements and @entity1671 episodes. Objective @entity5 response was a secondary outcome. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated in a post hoc analysis. Adverse events were recorded. At the time of a planned interim analysis, the data monitoring committee recommended halting the study because of a low predictive probability of showing superiority of @entity22798 over @entity2390 for symptom control (n=43 @entity22798 LAR, 20.9%; n=45 @entity2390 LAR, 26.7%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-1.97; P=0.53). Tumor control rate at month 6 was 62.7% with @entity22798 and 46.2% with @entity2390 (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.89-4.32; P=0.09). Median (95% CI) PFS was 11.8 months (11.0 - not reached) with @entity22798 versus 6.8 months (5.6 - not reached) with @entity2390 (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.98; P=0.045). The most frequent drug-related adverse events ( @entity22798 vs @entity2390 ) included @entity4854 (28.3% vs 5.3%), @entity1295 (11.3% vs 3.5%), and @entity390 (9.4% vs 0%). We conclude that, among @entity1 with @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues, similar proportions of @entity1 receiving @entity22798 LAR or @entity2390 LAR achieved symptom control at month 6. @entity22798 LAR showed a trend toward higher @entity5 control rate at month 6, although it was statistically not significant, and was associated with a longer PFS than @entity2390 LAR.

title: Phase III study of @entity22798 long-acting release in @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 and @entity1109 refractory to available XXXX analogues.

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study, we compared @entity22798 long-acting release ( @entity22798 LAR) with @entity2390 long-acting repeatable ( @entity2390 LAR) in managing @entity1109 refractory to first-generation @entity1943 analogues. Adults with @entity5 of the digestive tract were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity22798 LAR (60 mg) or @entity2390 LAR (40 mg) every 28 days. Primary outcome was symptom control based on frequency of bowel movements and @entity1671 episodes. Objective @entity5 response was a secondary outcome. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated in a post hoc analysis. Adverse events were recorded. At the time of a planned interim analysis, the data monitoring committee recommended halting the study because of a low predictive probability of showing superiority of @entity22798 over @entity2390 for symptom control (n=43 @entity22798 LAR, 20.9%; n=45 @entity2390 LAR, 26.7%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-1.97; P=0.53). Tumor control rate at month 6 was 62.7% with @entity22798 and 46.2% with @entity2390 (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.89-4.32; P=0.09). Median (95% CI) PFS was 11.8 months (11.0 - not reached) with @entity22798 versus 6.8 months (5.6 - not reached) with @entity2390 (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.98; P=0.045). The most frequent drug-related adverse events ( @entity22798 vs @entity2390 ) included @entity4854 (28.3% vs 5.3%), @entity1295 (11.3% vs 3.5%), and @entity390 (9.4% vs 0%). We conclude that, among @entity1 with @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues, similar proportions of @entity1 receiving @entity22798 LAR or @entity2390 LAR achieved symptom control at month 6. @entity22798 LAR showed a trend toward higher @entity5 control rate at month 6, although it was statistically not significant, and was associated with a longer PFS than @entity2390 LAR.

title: Phase III study of XXXX long-acting release in @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 and @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues.

answer: @entity22798 :: (MESH:C517782,Chemical) :: ['pasireotide']


abstract: In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study, we compared @entity22798 long-acting release ( @entity22798 LAR) with @entity2390 long-acting repeatable ( @entity2390 LAR) in managing @entity1109 refractory to first-generation @entity1943 analogues. Adults with @entity5 of the digestive tract were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity22798 LAR (60 mg) or @entity2390 LAR (40 mg) every 28 days. Primary outcome was symptom control based on frequency of bowel movements and @entity1671 episodes. Objective @entity5 response was a secondary outcome. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated in a post hoc analysis. Adverse events were recorded. At the time of a planned interim analysis, the data monitoring committee recommended halting the study because of a low predictive probability of showing superiority of @entity22798 over @entity2390 for symptom control (n=43 @entity22798 LAR, 20.9%; n=45 @entity2390 LAR, 26.7%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-1.97; P=0.53). Tumor control rate at month 6 was 62.7% with @entity22798 and 46.2% with @entity2390 (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.89-4.32; P=0.09). Median (95% CI) PFS was 11.8 months (11.0 - not reached) with @entity22798 versus 6.8 months (5.6 - not reached) with @entity2390 (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.98; P=0.045). The most frequent drug-related adverse events ( @entity22798 vs @entity2390 ) included @entity4854 (28.3% vs 5.3%), @entity1295 (11.3% vs 3.5%), and @entity390 (9.4% vs 0%). We conclude that, among @entity1 with @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues, similar proportions of @entity1 receiving @entity22798 LAR or @entity2390 LAR achieved symptom control at month 6. @entity22798 LAR showed a trend toward higher @entity5 control rate at month 6, although it was statistically not significant, and was associated with a longer PFS than @entity2390 LAR.

title: Phase III study of @entity22798 long-acting release in @entity1 with metastatic XXXX and @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study, we compared @entity22798 long-acting release ( @entity22798 LAR) with @entity2390 long-acting repeatable ( @entity2390 LAR) in managing @entity1109 refractory to first-generation @entity1943 analogues. Adults with @entity5 of the digestive tract were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity22798 LAR (60 mg) or @entity2390 LAR (40 mg) every 28 days. Primary outcome was symptom control based on frequency of bowel movements and @entity1671 episodes. Objective @entity5 response was a secondary outcome. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated in a post hoc analysis. Adverse events were recorded. At the time of a planned interim analysis, the data monitoring committee recommended halting the study because of a low predictive probability of showing superiority of @entity22798 over @entity2390 for symptom control (n=43 @entity22798 LAR, 20.9%; n=45 @entity2390 LAR, 26.7%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-1.97; P=0.53). Tumor control rate at month 6 was 62.7% with @entity22798 and 46.2% with @entity2390 (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.89-4.32; P=0.09). Median (95% CI) PFS was 11.8 months (11.0 - not reached) with @entity22798 versus 6.8 months (5.6 - not reached) with @entity2390 (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.98; P=0.045). The most frequent drug-related adverse events ( @entity22798 vs @entity2390 ) included @entity4854 (28.3% vs 5.3%), @entity1295 (11.3% vs 3.5%), and @entity390 (9.4% vs 0%). We conclude that, among @entity1 with @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues, similar proportions of @entity1 receiving @entity22798 LAR or @entity2390 LAR achieved symptom control at month 6. @entity22798 LAR showed a trend toward higher @entity5 control rate at month 6, although it was statistically not significant, and was associated with a longer PFS than @entity2390 LAR.

title: Phase III study of @entity22798 long-acting release in XXXX with metastatic @entity5 and @entity1109 refractory to available @entity1943 analogues.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) is the main treatment of @entity565 but the clinical data of its efficacy is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of @entity4185 alone or combined with controllers other than LABA for persistent @entity565 in Thailand. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 1,206 @entity1 with persistent @entity565 and was conducted at 38 hospitals across Thailand between May and November, 2009. @entity1 were enrolled if they were >12 years old, had persistent @entity565 , receiving @entity4185 with/without controllers other than long-acting @entity2263 -agonists (LABA) for at least 3 months, and smoked <10 packs-year. RESULTS: Of 1,206 @entity1 , 78.4% were females, age 49.4    13.8 years old, 89.3% were nonsmokers, the median duration of illness was 11 years, the median duration of @entity4185 treatment was 20.4 months, and the mean dose of @entity4185 was 738    258 microgram per day. The top three medications prescribed in combination to @entity4185 were short-acting @entity2263 - agonist inhalers, @entity2544 , and short-acting @entity2263 - agonist tablets. The mean Asthma Control Test (ACT) score was 19.2   4.4. The percentage of successful @entity565 control (ACT >=  20) was 53.5% (95%CI: 50.7 to 56.3). The rate per @entity1 per year of emergency room visits and all urgent health care visits were 0.98 and 1.28. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice, @entity1 using @entity4185 alone or combined with @entity2544 or short-acting b2 agonists had a low percentage of @entity565 control and a high number of urgent care visits. @entity4185 either alone or combined with @entity2544 or short-acting b2 agonists is not sufficient.

title: Evaluation of XXXX control by inhaled corticosteroids in general practice in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Inhaled corticosteroid', 'ICS']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: For @entity1 with @entity5 , providing appropriate information about prognosis or chances of recurrent disease remains a difficult area of practice. Much research has suggested that @entity1 want to be given all available information, although the realities of attempting to do this are complex and may be perceived by some as uncaring. A review of recent literature was undertaken to explore the process of disclosure, @entity1 experience and preferences for information regarding prognosis or risk of recurrence. METHODS: A systematic approach was taken to searching electronic databases for relevant literature from 2004 to June 2014. Primary research from a range of methodological approaches was included and critical interpretive synthesis was employed to explore themes and identify gaps in the evidence. RESULTS: Twenty papers were identified as appropriate. They were diverse in objectives and @entity1 groups. Themes identified included: the nature of prognostic information, @entity1 need for prognostic information, @entity1 need to maintain hope, balancing hope and realism, @entity1 factors, disease factors and clinician factors. A thematic framework was developed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 often struggle to fully understand complex prognostic information. They value help in making sense of this information and generally want information that supports hope. Working with @entity1 to understand and manage the uncertainty of their situation may be particularly valuable. Further research is needed to fully understand the process of prognostic information giving and what information @entity1 want regarding recurrence risk. Research should be aimed at identifying strategies helpful to @entity1 in managing uncertainty inherent in their situation.

title: Prognostic communication in XXXX : A critical interpretive synthesis of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Coronary collateral growth (CCG) is @entity209 . @entity34323 is a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic microRNA (miR), which we showed to be elevated in @entity209 . Here we investigate whether impaired CCG in @entity209 involved @entity34323 -mediated aberrant apoptosis. Normal ( @entity168 ) and @entity209 (JCR) @entity35 underwent transient, repetitive @entity1563 (RI). Anti-apoptotic @entity1976 , p-Bad and @entity1976 / @entity2310 dimers were increased on days 6 and 9 RI and pro-apoptotic @entity2310 and @entity2310 / @entity2310 dimers and cytochrome c release concurrently decreased in JCR vs. @entity168 @entity35 . Active caspases were decreased in JCR vs. @entity168 @entity35 (~50%). Neutrophils increased transiently on day 3 RI in the collateral-dependent zone (CZ) of @entity168 @entity35 but remained elevated in JCR @entity35 paralleling @entity34323 expression. @entity34323 downregulation by antimiR-21 induced neutrophil apoptosis and decreased @entity1976 and @entity1976 / @entity2310 dimers (~75%) while increasing @entity2310 / @entity2310 dimers, cytochrome c release and caspase activation (~70%, 400% and 400%). AntimiR-21 also improved CCG in JCR @entity35 (~60%). Preventing neutrophil infiltration with blocking antibodies resulted in equivalent CCG recovery confirming a major role for deregulated neutrophil apoptosis in CCG impairment. Neutrophil and @entity34323 -dependent CCG inhibition was in significant part mediated by increased oxidative stress. We conclude that neutrophil apoptosis is integral to normal CCG, and that inappropriate, prolonged @entity34323 -mediated survival of neutrophils plays a major role in impaired CCG, in part via oxidative stress generation.

title: XXXX -mediated decreased neutrophil apoptosis is a determinant of impaired coronary collateral growth in @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['impaired in metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity34323 :: (100314000(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['miR-21']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Coronary collateral growth (CCG) is @entity209 . @entity34323 is a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic microRNA (miR), which we showed to be elevated in @entity209 . Here we investigate whether impaired CCG in @entity209 involved @entity34323 -mediated aberrant apoptosis. Normal ( @entity168 ) and @entity209 (JCR) @entity35 underwent transient, repetitive @entity1563 (RI). Anti-apoptotic @entity1976 , p-Bad and @entity1976 / @entity2310 dimers were increased on days 6 and 9 RI and pro-apoptotic @entity2310 and @entity2310 / @entity2310 dimers and cytochrome c release concurrently decreased in JCR vs. @entity168 @entity35 . Active caspases were decreased in JCR vs. @entity168 @entity35 (~50%). Neutrophils increased transiently on day 3 RI in the collateral-dependent zone (CZ) of @entity168 @entity35 but remained elevated in JCR @entity35 paralleling @entity34323 expression. @entity34323 downregulation by antimiR-21 induced neutrophil apoptosis and decreased @entity1976 and @entity1976 / @entity2310 dimers (~75%) while increasing @entity2310 / @entity2310 dimers, cytochrome c release and caspase activation (~70%, 400% and 400%). AntimiR-21 also improved CCG in JCR @entity35 (~60%). Preventing neutrophil infiltration with blocking antibodies resulted in equivalent CCG recovery confirming a major role for deregulated neutrophil apoptosis in CCG impairment. Neutrophil and @entity34323 -dependent CCG inhibition was in significant part mediated by increased oxidative stress. We conclude that neutrophil apoptosis is integral to normal CCG, and that inappropriate, prolonged @entity34323 -mediated survival of neutrophils plays a major role in impaired CCG, in part via oxidative stress generation.

title: @entity34323 -mediated decreased neutrophil apoptosis is a determinant of impaired coronary collateral growth in XXXX .

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We sought to evaluate the outcome of @entity7026 ( @entity2758 ) treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) as a primary treatment as well as an adjunct therapy. GKRS has emerged as an important treatment option for intracranial @entity2758 . However, the long term outcome of GKRS on @entity2758 is not well understood. We performed a retrospective review of 85 @entity1 with @entity2758 from 2000-2012 who received GKRS. Out of 85 @entity1 , 13 had undergone prior embolization. The study population was monitored clinically and radiographically after GKRS treatment. Outcome following GKRS for intracranial @entity2758 showed significant variations in nidus obliteration (obliteration in 67 [79%] @entity1 and increase of nidus size on MRI in 18 [21%] @entity1 ). The median time to nidus obliteration was 31 months. Overall two (2.3%) @entity1 had @entity510 and the annual bleeding risk was 1.6% after GKRS. Predictive factors for obliteration of the nidus in @entity1 with @entity2758 were low @entity2758 score, Spetzler-Martin grade I-III and female sex. Seventeen (20%) and one (1.17%) @entity1 underwent repeat GKRS and resection, respectively, after initial GKRS, due to increased size of the nidus and GKRS related cyst formation. Thus, GKRS offers a high obliteration rate of @entity2758 , low risk of @entity510 and @entity16 , both as primary modality and as an adjunctive treatment. Therefore, GKRS is an effective treatment option for new @entity1 with @entity2758 as well as an adjuvant therapy in @entity1 with recurrent @entity2758 .

title: Clinical outcome and complications of gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: From 1971-1986, 24 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ) and 22 @entity1 had laparotomy. Of this group, gross @entity5 was identified in 15 of 22 @entity1 . Ten of 15 @entity1 had resection of their @entity7581 with the specific aim of curing the disease. This group had responded favorably to either @entity4444 or @entity5616 before operation. Preoperative transhepatic portal venous sampling (PVS) with @entity8243 determinations was performed in six @entity1 ; three @entity1 had this procedure twice. The @entity5 was correctly localized by PVS in five of six @entity1 . In four of six @entity1 , the @entity5 was easily found at surgery. In two of six @entity1 (33%) PVS was vital to intraoperative decisions. Criteria for biochemical cure are normal periodic fasting @entity8243 and @entity11384 infusion tests. Of the 10 @entity1 who had resection for potential cure, two @entity1 failed within 48 hours of surgery on the basis of an elevated fasting serum @entity8243 level in one @entity1 and a positive secretin infusion test in the other @entity1 . Eight @entity1 were considered cured with follow-up from 6 months through 15 years. Of the eight cured @entity1 , the @entity5 were located as follows: four were extraintestinal and extrapancreatic, four were in the duodenal wall, one @entity1 had a @entity5 located in the uncinate process of the pancreas, and one @entity5 was located in a lymph node along the lesser curve of the stomach. Two @entity1 had mobilization of the pancreas and duodenum for a "blind" pancreatoduodenectomy based on preoperative PVS (2 procedures each @entity1 ). In one @entity1 a 3-mm @entity7581 was enucleated from the posterior uncinate process. The second @entity1 had pancreatoduodenectomy with findings of two duodenal wall @entity7581 . Both @entity1 remained cured of @entity8579 beyond 2 years. It is concluded that PVS does indeed locate some @entity5 before operation, even those not easily found at surgery. @entity8579 can be cured by an aggressive approach combining preoperative @entity5 localization and @entity5 resection. Of the eight @entity1 biochemically and perhaps biologically cured, follow-up was greater than four years in five @entity1 , greater than two years in two @entity1 , and beyond six months in one @entity1 .

title: Localization and resection of @entity7581 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome', 'ZES']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma', 'gastrinomas']

answer: @entity8579 :: (MESH:D015043,Disease) :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']


abstract: From 1971-1986, 24 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ) and 22 @entity1 had laparotomy. Of this group, gross @entity5 was identified in 15 of 22 @entity1 . Ten of 15 @entity1 had resection of their @entity7581 with the specific aim of curing the disease. This group had responded favorably to either @entity4444 or @entity5616 before operation. Preoperative transhepatic portal venous sampling (PVS) with @entity8243 determinations was performed in six @entity1 ; three @entity1 had this procedure twice. The @entity5 was correctly localized by PVS in five of six @entity1 . In four of six @entity1 , the @entity5 was easily found at surgery. In two of six @entity1 (33%) PVS was vital to intraoperative decisions. Criteria for biochemical cure are normal periodic fasting @entity8243 and @entity11384 infusion tests. Of the 10 @entity1 who had resection for potential cure, two @entity1 failed within 48 hours of surgery on the basis of an elevated fasting serum @entity8243 level in one @entity1 and a positive secretin infusion test in the other @entity1 . Eight @entity1 were considered cured with follow-up from 6 months through 15 years. Of the eight cured @entity1 , the @entity5 were located as follows: four were extraintestinal and extrapancreatic, four were in the duodenal wall, one @entity1 had a @entity5 located in the uncinate process of the pancreas, and one @entity5 was located in a lymph node along the lesser curve of the stomach. Two @entity1 had mobilization of the pancreas and duodenum for a "blind" pancreatoduodenectomy based on preoperative PVS (2 procedures each @entity1 ). In one @entity1 a 3-mm @entity7581 was enucleated from the posterior uncinate process. The second @entity1 had pancreatoduodenectomy with findings of two duodenal wall @entity7581 . Both @entity1 remained cured of @entity8579 beyond 2 years. It is concluded that PVS does indeed locate some @entity5 before operation, even those not easily found at surgery. @entity8579 can be cured by an aggressive approach combining preoperative @entity5 localization and @entity5 resection. Of the eight @entity1 biochemically and perhaps biologically cured, follow-up was greater than four years in five @entity1 , greater than two years in two @entity1 , and beyond six months in one @entity1 .

title: Localization and resection of XXXX in @entity8579 .

answer: @entity7581 :: (MESH:D015408,Disease) :: ['gastrinomas']


abstract: @entity6497 ( @entity6497 ) chicks less than 3 mo age are observed to experience a high mortality rate that is often associated with @entity1681 . This study was undertaken to investigate the infectious bacteria implicated in @entity6497 @entity1573 @entity1681 . Postmortems were performed on 122 @entity6497 chicks aged from 1 d to 3 mo and intestinal samples were subjected to bacterial culture. Bacterial isolates were typed by PCR and serotyping. @entity526 (E. coli; 49%) was the most frequently isolated from the samples followed by @entity3168 ( @entity3168 ; 20%), Enterococcus spp. (16%), and @entity5746 spp. (7%). Of the @entity526 , 39% were categorized as enteropathogenic @entity526 , 4% enterotoxigenic @entity526 , and no enterohaemorrhagic @entity526 were found. The majority (93%) of @entity3168 was Type A and only 7% was Type E. @entity3168 Types B through D were not present. The @entity39577 gene that encodes @entity39577 toxin was identified from 16% of the @entity3168 isolated. All the @entity3168 Type E harbored the @entity39577 gene and just 10% of the @entity3168 Type A had this gene. Three @entity5746 serotypes were identified: @entity5746 Muenchen (S. Muenchen; 80%), S. Hayindongo (13%), and S. Othmarschen (7%). The indication is that the cause of @entity1681 in @entity6497 chicks is bacterial-involving: enteropathogenic @entity526 and enterotoxigenic @entity526 ; C. perfringens Types A and E (with the possible influence of @entity39577 gene); and S. Muenchen, S. Hayindongo, and S. Othmarschen.

title: Bacterial enteritis in XXXX ( @entity6497 ) chicks in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity6497 :: ('8801', 'Species') :: ['Struthio camelus', 'Ostrich', 'ostrich']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity6497 :: (8801,Species) :: ['ostrich']


abstract: @entity6497 ( @entity6497 ) chicks less than 3 mo age are observed to experience a high mortality rate that is often associated with @entity1681 . This study was undertaken to investigate the infectious bacteria implicated in @entity6497 @entity1573 @entity1681 . Postmortems were performed on 122 @entity6497 chicks aged from 1 d to 3 mo and intestinal samples were subjected to bacterial culture. Bacterial isolates were typed by PCR and serotyping. @entity526 (E. coli; 49%) was the most frequently isolated from the samples followed by @entity3168 ( @entity3168 ; 20%), Enterococcus spp. (16%), and @entity5746 spp. (7%). Of the @entity526 , 39% were categorized as enteropathogenic @entity526 , 4% enterotoxigenic @entity526 , and no enterohaemorrhagic @entity526 were found. The majority (93%) of @entity3168 was Type A and only 7% was Type E. @entity3168 Types B through D were not present. The @entity39577 gene that encodes @entity39577 toxin was identified from 16% of the @entity3168 isolated. All the @entity3168 Type E harbored the @entity39577 gene and just 10% of the @entity3168 Type A had this gene. Three @entity5746 serotypes were identified: @entity5746 Muenchen (S. Muenchen; 80%), S. Hayindongo (13%), and S. Othmarschen (7%). The indication is that the cause of @entity1681 in @entity6497 chicks is bacterial-involving: enteropathogenic @entity526 and enterotoxigenic @entity526 ; C. perfringens Types A and E (with the possible influence of @entity39577 gene); and S. Muenchen, S. Hayindongo, and S. Othmarschen.

title: Bacterial enteritis in @entity6497 ( XXXX ) chicks in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.

answer: @entity6497 :: (8801,Species) :: ['Struthio Camelus']


abstract: Series of thermograms from 125 sequential @entity1 were analyzed to determine the usefulness of thermography as a tool for evaluating @entity1118 . The stability and symmetry of thermographic patterns over time among both healthy subjects and subjects whose @entity158 remained at the same intensity across several recordings were found to be both high and consistent. This was true only if sensitivity was limited to no greater than 0.5C per color band. Greater sensitivity resulted in the creation of inconsistent asymmetrical patterns among healthy and @entity158 subjects. Thermograms were evaluated by the authors' statistical analysis of the heat patterns and by a ten-member panel of scientists. They found thermography an excellent tool for monitoring changes in @entity158 related to variations in near surface blood flow, such as those occurring during a sympathetic block. It was excellent for relating changes in near surface blood flow to changes in phantom limb @entity158 intensity. There was a good relationship between changes in @entity158 intensity and changes in symmetry of heat patterns for most of the disorders examined. Thermography had mixed usefulness in differentiating @entity158 -free from @entity158 subjects reporting knee @entity158 (test efficiency, 98%), @entity158 (efficiency, 56%). It consistently indicated @entity158 areas among @entity1 with @entity1566 .

title: Thermographic correlates of XXXX : analysis of 125 @entity1 incorporating evaluations by a blind panel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain, and back pain', 'painful', 'pained']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Series of thermograms from 125 sequential @entity1 were analyzed to determine the usefulness of thermography as a tool for evaluating @entity1118 . The stability and symmetry of thermographic patterns over time among both healthy subjects and subjects whose @entity158 remained at the same intensity across several recordings were found to be both high and consistent. This was true only if sensitivity was limited to no greater than 0.5C per color band. Greater sensitivity resulted in the creation of inconsistent asymmetrical patterns among healthy and @entity158 subjects. Thermograms were evaluated by the authors' statistical analysis of the heat patterns and by a ten-member panel of scientists. They found thermography an excellent tool for monitoring changes in @entity158 related to variations in near surface blood flow, such as those occurring during a sympathetic block. It was excellent for relating changes in near surface blood flow to changes in phantom limb @entity158 intensity. There was a good relationship between changes in @entity158 intensity and changes in symmetry of heat patterns for most of the disorders examined. Thermography had mixed usefulness in differentiating @entity158 -free from @entity158 subjects reporting knee @entity158 (test efficiency, 98%), @entity158 (efficiency, 56%). It consistently indicated @entity158 areas among @entity1 with @entity1566 .

title: Thermographic correlates of @entity1118 : analysis of 125 XXXX incorporating evaluations by a blind panel.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The animal model of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is used to study neuronal and behavioral changes produced by an increase in blood- @entity413 levels. Our previous report showed that chronic @entity3839 administration induced @entity194 of dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 dorsal hippocampus. In addition, we showed that Cerebrolysin (Cbl), a neurotrophic peptide mixture, reduces the @entity194 in animal models of aging. This study aimed to determine whether Cbl was capable of reducing behavioral and neuronal alterations, after 6 weeks of @entity4854 in @entity19 ( @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ). The levels of @entity413 in the blood were evaluated before and after @entity3839 administration and only animals with more than 240 mg/dL of blood-levels of @entity413 were used. After @entity3839 treatment, the @entity19 received 6 weeks of Cbl, locomotor activity was measured and dendritic morphological changes were evaluated using Golgi-Cox stain procedure, and analyzed by the Sholl method. In @entity19 treated with @entity3839 there was a clear reduction in the dendritic length of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 and granular cells of the dental gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, @entity2187 reversed the morphological changes induced by @entity3839 . Our results extend the list of abnormal morphological changes detected in this model of @entity3918 , and support the possibility that Cbl may have beneficial effects in the management of brain alterations induced by @entity3918 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cerebrolysin reverses hippocampal XXXX in a @entity19 model of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 1', 'DM1']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'dendritic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['neural atrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The animal model of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is used to study neuronal and behavioral changes produced by an increase in blood- @entity413 levels. Our previous report showed that chronic @entity3839 administration induced @entity194 of dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 dorsal hippocampus. In addition, we showed that Cerebrolysin (Cbl), a neurotrophic peptide mixture, reduces the @entity194 in animal models of aging. This study aimed to determine whether Cbl was capable of reducing behavioral and neuronal alterations, after 6 weeks of @entity4854 in @entity19 ( @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ). The levels of @entity413 in the blood were evaluated before and after @entity3839 administration and only animals with more than 240 mg/dL of blood-levels of @entity413 were used. After @entity3839 treatment, the @entity19 received 6 weeks of Cbl, locomotor activity was measured and dendritic morphological changes were evaluated using Golgi-Cox stain procedure, and analyzed by the Sholl method. In @entity19 treated with @entity3839 there was a clear reduction in the dendritic length of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 and granular cells of the dental gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, @entity2187 reversed the morphological changes induced by @entity3839 . Our results extend the list of abnormal morphological changes detected in this model of @entity3918 , and support the possibility that Cbl may have beneficial effects in the management of brain alterations induced by @entity3918 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cerebrolysin reverses hippocampal @entity194 in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus type 1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The animal model of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is used to study neuronal and behavioral changes produced by an increase in blood- @entity413 levels. Our previous report showed that chronic @entity3839 administration induced @entity194 of dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 dorsal hippocampus. In addition, we showed that Cerebrolysin (Cbl), a neurotrophic peptide mixture, reduces the @entity194 in animal models of aging. This study aimed to determine whether Cbl was capable of reducing behavioral and neuronal alterations, after 6 weeks of @entity4854 in @entity19 ( @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ). The levels of @entity413 in the blood were evaluated before and after @entity3839 administration and only animals with more than 240 mg/dL of blood-levels of @entity413 were used. After @entity3839 treatment, the @entity19 received 6 weeks of Cbl, locomotor activity was measured and dendritic morphological changes were evaluated using Golgi-Cox stain procedure, and analyzed by the Sholl method. In @entity19 treated with @entity3839 there was a clear reduction in the dendritic length of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 and granular cells of the dental gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, @entity2187 reversed the morphological changes induced by @entity3839 . Our results extend the list of abnormal morphological changes detected in this model of @entity3918 , and support the possibility that Cbl may have beneficial effects in the management of brain alterations induced by @entity3918 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cerebrolysin reverses hippocampal @entity194 in a XXXX model of @entity6 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In the past 18 years the Nissen fundoplication has undergone a few modifications and changes in our institution and all over the world. The aim of this study is to review the long-term (up to 20 years) results of Nissen fundoplication in 350 @entity1 and to evaluate the effect of major modifications in the technique of fundoplication in these @entity1 . Three hundred fifty @entity1 with symptomatic chronic @entity354 have been treated with Nissen fundoplication in our institution since 1966. They were divided into four groups: @entity1 who had a long, tight fundoplication; @entity1 who had a short, floppy fundoplication; @entity1 with crural approximation; and @entity1 without crural approximation. The preoperative and postoperative findings of these @entity1 were evaluated in each group. Group 1 had more immediate and long-term @entity1282 compared with group 2. Also, "gas bloat" syndrome was more prevalent in group 1 than group 2. The location of Nissen fundoplication (chest or abdomen) or the addition of @entity357 repair did not change the outcome. In @entity1 with intact Nissen fundoplications, their @entity2910 healed, and their symptoms disappeared. The rate of recurrence of symptoms was 5%. Recurrence of symptoms was associated with disruption of the fundoplication, which usually happened within the first two years after operation.

title: Long-term follow-up for treatment of complicated chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['reflux esophagitis']


abstract: Prior work indicates that plasma tricyclic levels obtained 24 hours after a single dose correlate well with steady state levels achieved. Although this suggests that 24-hour levels could be used to predict the dose needed to reach a desired plasma level, this method has seldom been tested prospectively. In the current study we test this strategy and determine @entity1 ' tolerance of rapid dose adjustment. First, the relationship of 24-hour levels and steady state levels in a sample of 16 inpatients was determined using a fixed dose paradigm. In a second sample of 26 @entity308 inpatients, plasma @entity5829 levels obtained 24 hours after a single test dose were applied to the regression equation derived from the first sample in order to estimate the dose needed to achieve a steady state level of 140 ng/ml. Once determined, the full dose was then rapidly administered. Sixteen of the 18 (89%) @entity1 who completed the dose adjustment study had steady state drug concentrations within a target range of 125 to 300 ng/ml. This distribution of levels differed significantly from that previously reported for a fixed dose sample in which only 19 of 83 (23%) @entity1 had levels within this range. Dose adjustment using 24-hour levels was well tolerated and should help to attain a more rapid response to antidepressant treatment. This has important implications for reducing lengths of hospitalization for @entity308 inpatients. The technique should also prove useful in research where a uniform plasma level paradigm is desirable.

title: Rapid XXXX dose adjustment using 24-hour levels.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity17499 is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes a @entity55 known as glanders in equids and @entity1 and a lymphatic infection known as farcy, primarily in equids. With the potential to infect @entity1 by the respiratory route, aerosol exposure can result in severe, occasionally fatal, @entity55 . Today, @entity281 in @entity1 are rare, likely due to less frequent contact with infected equids than in the past. Acutely ill @entity1 often have nonspecific clinical signs and in order to diagnose cases, especially in scenarios of multiple cases in an unexpected setting, rapid diagnostics for @entity17499 may be critical. The pathogenesis of acute glanders in the @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) was studied as an initial effort to improve diagnostic methods. In the study described here, the diagnostic techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, and histopathology were compared. The results indicate that PCR may provide rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of glanders in some cases. As expected, PCR results were positive in lung tissue in 11 of 12 acutely infected @entity2608 , but more importantly in terms of diagnostic algorithm development, PCR results were frequently positive in non-invasive samples such as broncho-alveolar lavage or nasal swabs (7/12) and occasionally in blood (3/12). On the other hand, conventional bacterial culture failed to recover bacteria in many of these samples. The study shows that the clinical presentation of aerosol exposed @entity2608 is similar to descriptions of @entity1 glanders and that PCR has potential for rapid diagnosis of outbreaks, if not individual cases.

title: Pathological findings and diagnostic implications of a @entity2608 (Macacca mulatta) model of aerosol-exposure to XXXX (glanders).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonic disease', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity17499 :: ('13373', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia mallei', 'B. mallei']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['glanders infections']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaques', 'rhesus macaque']

answer: @entity17499 :: (13373,Species) :: ['Burkholderia mallei']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity17499 is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes a @entity55 known as glanders in equids and @entity1 and a lymphatic infection known as farcy, primarily in equids. With the potential to infect @entity1 by the respiratory route, aerosol exposure can result in severe, occasionally fatal, @entity55 . Today, @entity281 in @entity1 are rare, likely due to less frequent contact with infected equids than in the past. Acutely ill @entity1 often have nonspecific clinical signs and in order to diagnose cases, especially in scenarios of multiple cases in an unexpected setting, rapid diagnostics for @entity17499 may be critical. The pathogenesis of acute glanders in the @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) was studied as an initial effort to improve diagnostic methods. In the study described here, the diagnostic techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, and histopathology were compared. The results indicate that PCR may provide rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of glanders in some cases. As expected, PCR results were positive in lung tissue in 11 of 12 acutely infected @entity2608 , but more importantly in terms of diagnostic algorithm development, PCR results were frequently positive in non-invasive samples such as broncho-alveolar lavage or nasal swabs (7/12) and occasionally in blood (3/12). On the other hand, conventional bacterial culture failed to recover bacteria in many of these samples. The study shows that the clinical presentation of aerosol exposed @entity2608 is similar to descriptions of @entity1 glanders and that PCR has potential for rapid diagnosis of outbreaks, if not individual cases.

title: Pathological findings and diagnostic implications of a XXXX (Macacca mulatta) model of aerosol-exposure to @entity17499 (glanders).

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaque']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1487 -based chemotherapy is considered to be a radiosensitizer; however, conventional short-course radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is generally thought to not be feasible because of the prevalence of side effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for @entity5 . DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This study was retrospective in nature and used a prospectively collected database. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity5 located below the peritoneum reflection were selected. INTERVENTIONS: A total dose of 25 Gy of radiotherapy was administered in 10 fractions of 2.5 Gy each for 5 days. Radiotherapy was performed with S-1 as a radiosensitizer from day 1 to day 10. Surgery was targeted to be performed 4 weeks after radiotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The morbidity, sphincter-preserving rate, anal function, and long-term outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: All @entity1 (n = 170) completed the radiotherapy regimen and 166 (97.6%) completed the combination regimen with chemotherapy. A total of 149 @entity1 (87.6%) had sphincter-preserving surgery (double stapling technique (DST), 58 @entity1 ; intersphincteric resection (ISR), 91 @entity1 ), and @entity260 were relatively mild ( @entity834 , 15.4%; @entity1320 , 8.2%). Among those undergoing sphincter preserving surgery, the 5-year local relapse-free survival rate was 94.3% in the DST group, and 89.8% in the ISR group. With respect to the anal function, the Wexner score the first year after stoma closure for the double-stapling technique group was 6 and that for intersphincteric resection was 15; however, the score for the intersphincteric resection group was improved to 8 at 4 years after stoma closure. LIMITATIONS: This study had limitations because it was an uncontrolled, 1-arm, retrospective review with a small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Modified short-course radiotherapy combined with chemoradiosensitizer is a feasible approach for treating @entity5 . With the use of the short-course approach, efforts to reduce the incidence of side effects by appropriately prolonging the waiting period enable the administration of combination treatment with short-course radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: Feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for t3 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T3 rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical management of cryptoglandular fistulas is a challenge because the consequences of anal surgery potentially include @entity1241 and impaired quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with @entity1241 after surgery for simple and @entity292 and to determine the impact of @entity322 on quality of life. DESIGN: The design is retrospective and cross-sectional. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at an academic tertiary center and at a private center specializing in proctologic surgery. @entity1 : All @entity1 who underwent preoperative endoanal ultrasound for cryptoglandular @entity292 between 2002 and 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A questionnaire was sent out in October 2013 to evaluate @entity322 (Wexner-score) and its impact on quality of life (FIQL). Variables tested for association were @entity1 demographics, @entity292 type, number of incised abscesses (0, 1, >1), number of fistulotomies (0, 1, >1) and number of sphincter-sparing procedures (0, 1, >1). RESULTS: Of the 141 @entity1 participating, 116 (82%; 76 @entity1 , 40 @entity1 ) returned all the questionnaires. Median follow-up from the first perianal @entity292 surgery was 7.8 years (range, 2.1-18.1 years). Thirty-nine @entity1 (34%) experienced @entity322 . @entity954 , multiple abscess drainages and a high transsphincteric or suprasphincteric @entity292 tract were associated with @entity322 . As compared to simple @entity292 (Wexner score, 1.2 [SD, 2.1]), @entity322 was worse after surgery for complex @entity292 (Wexner score, 4.7 [SD, 6.2], p = 0.001), as were quality of life elements, including lifestyle (p = 0.030), @entity308 (p = 0.077) and embarrassment (p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Mainly retrospective design without a standardized treatment protocol. CONCLUSION: @entity954 is the strongest risk factor for @entity1241 . The severity of @entity322 increases with the complexity of the @entity292 , negatively influencing quality of life. Special attention should be paid to these @entity1 so as to mitigate symptoms later in life. A shift to sphincter-sparing procedures appears warranted.

title: Long-term Follow-up After Surgery for XXXX : Fecal Incontinence and Impact on Quality of Life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['complex cryptoglandular fistulas', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical fistulotomy']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['Simple and Complex Cryptoglandular Fistulas']


abstract: @entity3039 is an auto-immune disease that carries a risk of @entity548 when the number of platelets drops to lower than 50 X 10(9)/l and particularly when the bleeding time is prolonged. @entity882 and pregnancy can be associated with one another and the frequency of that is about 1/5000. Maternal mortality and morbidity are, however, practically nil when proper therapeutic measures are taken. Since 1981 IG IV, which is expensive but rapidly effective, is available to overcome corticotherapeutic failures and to avoid splenectomy in acute cases. Since the maternal anti-platelet factor can cross the placenta, the fetus may become @entity882 like the mother and at risk of the complications of @entity548 and particularly intra-cranial @entity548 during delivery vaginally. Screening for fetuses that are affected (52% of the cases) is now possible, not by relying on the maternal platelet count, which is without any prognostic value for the fetus, nor on the levels of anti-platelet antibodies but on the use of examining fetal scalp capillary blood at the onset of labour. This test may make it possible to carry out a vaginal delivery safely when the fetal platelet count is higher than 50 X 10(9)l, whereas if it is lower than this figure a prophylactic caesarean operation should be carried out. There is much promise in the possibility of sampling blood in the fetal cord using ultrasound techniques. In a small number of cases that has already made it possible to diagnose the condition of @entity882 in the fetus even before labour has started. It may in the future even make it possible to carry out treatment of the fetus in utero followed by a normal delivery, whether the treatment is carried out by treating the mother or directing platelets or better still IG IV directly into the fetal circulation.

title: [ XXXX and pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic', 'thrombocytopenia', 'Thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondrial DNA was found to be highly mutated in @entity14 cells. One of the key molecules involved in the maintenance of the mitochondrial genome is the nuclear-encoded polymerase gamma. The aim of our study was to determine if there is a link between polymorphisms within the polymerase gamma gene ( @entity22992 ) and somatic mutations within the mitochondrial genome in @entity5 cells. We investigated @entity22992 sequence variability in 50 @entity14 @entity1 whose complete mitochondrial genome sequences were determined. Relative mtDNA copy number was also determined. We identified 251 sequence variants in the @entity22992 gene. Most of them were germline-specific (   92%). Twenty-one somatic changes in @entity22992 were found in 10 @entity14 @entity1 . We have found no association between the occurrence of mtDNA somatic mutations and the somatically occurring variants in @entity22992 . MtDNA content was reduced in @entity1 carrying somatic variants in @entity22992 or germline @entity377 variants located in the region encoding the @entity22992 polymerase domain, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Our findings suggest that somatic mtDNA mutations occurring in @entity14 are not a consequence of somatic mutations in @entity22992 . Nevertheless, @entity22992 @entity377 variants may lead to a decrease in mtDNA content, and consequently result in @entity2383 .

title: Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase y Mutations and Their Implications in mtDNA Alterations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: The role of stress ulcer prophylaxis in increasing the risk of @entity55 in ventilator @entity1 was analyzed prospectively in 142 artificially ventilated @entity1 at a medical and surgical intensive care unit (104 males, 38 females, mean time of ventilation 7.9 days, mean age 46.5 years). The pH of gastric aspirate and bacterial counts in gastric fluid and tracheal secretions were investigated daily. Identical isolates from gastric aspirates and tracheal secretions were typed by agglutination, @entity5618 , or phage typing. An average of 2.1 bacterial species were isolated in 80.5% of all gastric aspirates. Bacterial counts increased with rising gastric aspirate pH, which was especially true for Gram-negative and less so for Gram-positive organisms; colony counts of Candida sp. decreased slightly. In 31.6% of @entity1 identical bacterial species were first isolated from gastric aspirates and 1 to 2 days later from tracheal secretions. Of these microbes that were first isolated from gastric aspirate and later from tracheal secretions, 50.3% were Gram-negative, 37.5% Gram-positive, and only 4.2% Candida sp. One-half of all bacterial @entity1173 occurred between the 2nd and 7th day of ventilation; 80% occurred within 11 days of ventilation. Only 20% of all migrations of Gram-positive organisms from stomach to respiratory tract lead to @entity55 , as compared with 60% of Gram-negatives. At a gastric pH below 3.4 the incidence of ventilation @entity55 was 40.6%; above pH 5.0 the incidence was 69.2% (P less than or equal to 0.05). As pH increased, the organism causing @entity55 was significantly more often isolated first from the gastric aspirate and 1 to 2 days later from the tracheal secretion of the same @entity1 .

title: [The effect of stress ulcer prevention on the incidence of XXXX in artificial respiration].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast with normal cells, most of the @entity5 cells depend on aerobic glycolysis for energy production in the form of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) bypassing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, compared to normal cells, @entity5 cells exhibit higher consumption of @entity413 with higher production of @entity880 . Again, higher rate of glycolysis provides the necessary glycolytic intermediary precursors for DNA, protein and lipid synthesis to maintain high active proliferation of the @entity5 cells. In this scenario, classical control theory based approach may be useful to explore the altered dynamics of the @entity5 cells. Since the dynamics of the @entity5 cells is different from that of the normal cells, understanding their dynamics may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies. METHOD: We have developed a model based on the state space equations of classical control theory along with an order reduction technique to mimic the actual dynamic behavior of @entity1 central @entity505 metabolic (CCM) pathway in normal cells. Here, we have modified Michaelis Menten kinetic equation to incorporate feedback mechanism along with perturbations and cross talks associated with a metabolic pathway. Furthermore, we have perturbed the proposed model to reduce the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Thereafter, we have connected proportional-integral (PI) controller(s) with the model for tuning it to behave like the CCM pathway of a @entity5 cell. This methodology allows one to track the altered dynamics mediated by different enzymes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The proposed model successfully mimics all the probable dynamics of the CCM pathway in normal cells. Moreover, experimental results demonstrate that in @entity5 cells, a coordination among enzymes catalyzing @entity36435 pathway and intermediate glycolytic enzymes along with switching of @entity2388 kinase (M2 isoform) plays an important role to maintain their altered dynamics.

title: Exploring the Altered Dynamics of @entity1 Central XXXX Metabolic Pathway in Cancer Cells: A Classical Control Theoretic Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity36435 :: ('D010428', 'Chemical') :: ['pentose phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast with normal cells, most of the @entity5 cells depend on aerobic glycolysis for energy production in the form of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) bypassing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, compared to normal cells, @entity5 cells exhibit higher consumption of @entity413 with higher production of @entity880 . Again, higher rate of glycolysis provides the necessary glycolytic intermediary precursors for DNA, protein and lipid synthesis to maintain high active proliferation of the @entity5 cells. In this scenario, classical control theory based approach may be useful to explore the altered dynamics of the @entity5 cells. Since the dynamics of the @entity5 cells is different from that of the normal cells, understanding their dynamics may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies. METHOD: We have developed a model based on the state space equations of classical control theory along with an order reduction technique to mimic the actual dynamic behavior of @entity1 central @entity505 metabolic (CCM) pathway in normal cells. Here, we have modified Michaelis Menten kinetic equation to incorporate feedback mechanism along with perturbations and cross talks associated with a metabolic pathway. Furthermore, we have perturbed the proposed model to reduce the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Thereafter, we have connected proportional-integral (PI) controller(s) with the model for tuning it to behave like the CCM pathway of a @entity5 cell. This methodology allows one to track the altered dynamics mediated by different enzymes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The proposed model successfully mimics all the probable dynamics of the CCM pathway in normal cells. Moreover, experimental results demonstrate that in @entity5 cells, a coordination among enzymes catalyzing @entity36435 pathway and intermediate glycolytic enzymes along with switching of @entity2388 kinase (M2 isoform) plays an important role to maintain their altered dynamics.

title: Exploring the Altered Dynamics of XXXX Central @entity505 Metabolic Pathway in Cancer Cells: A Classical Control Theoretic Approach.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of @entity3604 in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A validated state-transition microsimulation model was used. Microsimulation and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to address the uncertainties in the model. All parameters including @entity174 incidence rates and mortality rates were retrieved from published literature. Simulated subjects were run through the model until they died to estimate the residual lifetime @entity174 risks. A 10 year time horizon was used to determine the 10 year @entity174 risks. We estimated the risk of only the first @entity3604 during the simulation time horizon. RESULTS: The residual lifetime and 10 year risks of having the first @entity3604 (hip, clinical vertebral or wrist) @entity174 for Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years were 40.9% (95% CI: 38.3-44.0%) and 8.2% (95% CI: 6.8-9.3%) respectively. For @entity1 , the residual lifetime and 10 year @entity174 risks were 8.7% (95% CI: 7.5-9.8%) and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8-1.7%) respectively. The residual lifetime @entity174 risks declined with age, whilst the 10 year @entity174 risks increased with age until the short-term mortality risks outstripped the @entity174 risks. Residual lifetime and 10 year clinical @entity174 risks were higher than those of hip and wrist @entity174 in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of the Chinese @entity1 and approximately one tenth of the Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years are expected to sustain a major @entity3604 in their remaining lifetimes. Due to increased @entity174 risks and a rapidly ageing population, @entity170 will present a great challenge to the Chinese healthcare system. LIMITATIONS: While national data was used wherever possible, regional Chinese hip and clinical @entity174 incidence rates were used, wrist @entity174 rates were taken from a Norwegian study and calibrated to the Chinese population. Other @entity174 sites like tibia, humerus, ribs and pelvis were not included in the analysis, thus these risks are likely to be underestimates. @entity174 risk factors other than age and sex were not included in the model. Point estimates were used for @entity174 incidence rates, @entity170 prevalence and mortality rates for the general population.

title: Residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of XXXX in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of @entity3604 in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A validated state-transition microsimulation model was used. Microsimulation and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to address the uncertainties in the model. All parameters including @entity174 incidence rates and mortality rates were retrieved from published literature. Simulated subjects were run through the model until they died to estimate the residual lifetime @entity174 risks. A 10 year time horizon was used to determine the 10 year @entity174 risks. We estimated the risk of only the first @entity3604 during the simulation time horizon. RESULTS: The residual lifetime and 10 year risks of having the first @entity3604 (hip, clinical vertebral or wrist) @entity174 for Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years were 40.9% (95% CI: 38.3-44.0%) and 8.2% (95% CI: 6.8-9.3%) respectively. For @entity1 , the residual lifetime and 10 year @entity174 risks were 8.7% (95% CI: 7.5-9.8%) and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8-1.7%) respectively. The residual lifetime @entity174 risks declined with age, whilst the 10 year @entity174 risks increased with age until the short-term mortality risks outstripped the @entity174 risks. Residual lifetime and 10 year clinical @entity174 risks were higher than those of hip and wrist @entity174 in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of the Chinese @entity1 and approximately one tenth of the Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years are expected to sustain a major @entity3604 in their remaining lifetimes. Due to increased @entity174 risks and a rapidly ageing population, @entity170 will present a great challenge to the Chinese healthcare system. LIMITATIONS: While national data was used wherever possible, regional Chinese hip and clinical @entity174 incidence rates were used, wrist @entity174 rates were taken from a Norwegian study and calibrated to the Chinese population. Other @entity174 sites like tibia, humerus, ribs and pelvis were not included in the analysis, thus these risks are likely to be underestimates. @entity174 risk factors other than age and sex were not included in the model. Point estimates were used for @entity174 incidence rates, @entity170 prevalence and mortality rates for the general population.

title: Residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of @entity3604 in Chinese XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of @entity3604 in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A validated state-transition microsimulation model was used. Microsimulation and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to address the uncertainties in the model. All parameters including @entity174 incidence rates and mortality rates were retrieved from published literature. Simulated subjects were run through the model until they died to estimate the residual lifetime @entity174 risks. A 10 year time horizon was used to determine the 10 year @entity174 risks. We estimated the risk of only the first @entity3604 during the simulation time horizon. RESULTS: The residual lifetime and 10 year risks of having the first @entity3604 (hip, clinical vertebral or wrist) @entity174 for Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years were 40.9% (95% CI: 38.3-44.0%) and 8.2% (95% CI: 6.8-9.3%) respectively. For @entity1 , the residual lifetime and 10 year @entity174 risks were 8.7% (95% CI: 7.5-9.8%) and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8-1.7%) respectively. The residual lifetime @entity174 risks declined with age, whilst the 10 year @entity174 risks increased with age until the short-term mortality risks outstripped the @entity174 risks. Residual lifetime and 10 year clinical @entity174 risks were higher than those of hip and wrist @entity174 in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of the Chinese @entity1 and approximately one tenth of the Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years are expected to sustain a major @entity3604 in their remaining lifetimes. Due to increased @entity174 risks and a rapidly ageing population, @entity170 will present a great challenge to the Chinese healthcare system. LIMITATIONS: While national data was used wherever possible, regional Chinese hip and clinical @entity174 incidence rates were used, wrist @entity174 rates were taken from a Norwegian study and calibrated to the Chinese population. Other @entity174 sites like tibia, humerus, ribs and pelvis were not included in the analysis, thus these risks are likely to be underestimates. @entity174 risk factors other than age and sex were not included in the model. Point estimates were used for @entity174 incidence rates, @entity170 prevalence and mortality rates for the general population.

title: Residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of @entity3604 in Chinese @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6794 ( @entity6794 ) is an uncommon chronic and progressive @entity272 that can lead to severe tissue @entity39 , pathergy, @entity158 , and disfigurement if not properly and promptly diagnosed and treated. Systemic treatment traditionally consists of long-term immunosuppression. Topical care of the @entity158 wound often represents a clinical challenge. A 77-year-old @entity1 with multiple comorbidities including @entity6 was diagnosed through exclusion with refractory, @entity158 @entity6794 . She was managed for 3 months by a multidisciplinary team comprised of an internist, 2 dermatologists, and a podiatric wound care specialist using immunosuppressive therapy, several local wound care modalities, and supportive bandages. During that time, severe @entity158 continued unabated and the affected area changed from 3 separate wounds measuring 1.4 cm x 1.0 cm x .01 cm, 1.2 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.1 cm, and 0.6 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.1 cm to 1 wound measuring 8.0 cm x 10.3 cm x 0.1 cm. At that time, dehydrated @entity1 amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) allograft, previously reported to facilitate healing venous leg and @entity4760 , was incorporated into the treatment plan. The @entity1 reported @entity158 decreased from 10 out of 10 to 5 out of 10 within hours following application. At the 4 day follow-up visit, she reported no @entity158 ; after 1 week, the wound decreased 6.4 cm x 9.4 cm x 0.1 cm in size and after 2 months (3 applications) the wound had reduced in area from 103 cm2 to 57.96 cm2 (reduced by more than half [56%]). In this @entity1 , following the application of dHACM as an adjunct to immunosuppressive therapy, @entity158 receded and wound healing commenced. Additional controlled studies are needed to ascertain the generalizability of this observation.

title: Dehydrated XXXX Amnion/Chorion Membrane as Adjunctive Therapy in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['Pyoderma gangrenosum', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency and diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful', 'horrendous pain', 'wound pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 occurrence despite chronic antiplatelet drug (APD) treatment is frequent. We aimed at evaluating the relevance of @entity1423 testing in the identification of @entity64 etiology in this context. METHODS: @entity1 admitted for a suspected acute @entity385 , while under APD ( @entity117 and/or @entity1397 ), were prospectively included. The efficacy of the APD was evaluated using a Multiplate    assay. Resistance was confirmed using light transmission aggregometry. A standardized diagnostic work-up was performed to identify @entity64 mechanism according to the TOAST and the ASCO classifications. We evaluated the influence of APD functional status on @entity64 severity and identified potential determinants of resistance. RESULTS: APD resistance was observed in 53 of the 287 @entity1 (18.5%). No difference in @entity64 mechanism depending on APD efficacy was observed. @entity1 sensitive to APD had less severe @entity64 severity (mean National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale 3.9    5.6 vs. 7.2    6.8; p < 0.01). Main determinants for APD resistance were a worse control of the @entity6 and higher baseline levels of @entity32 (mean CRP 26.4    56.0 vs. 9.3    21.0; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Platelet function testing does not provide orientation concerning @entity64 mechanism in @entity1 who were previously on APDs. However, the high frequency of APD resistance and its association with @entity32 and @entity64 severity are confirmed.

title: Interest of Antiplatelet Drug Testing after an Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['initial stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: The present study was designed to assess whether @entity5161 requirement was significantly affected by fresh gas flow in a closed-circuit system. Sixty @entity1 scheduled for orthopaedic procedures were randomly assigned into three groups. In group A (n = 20), anaesthesia was conducted with a fresh gas flow of 482.5 +/- 186.6 ml X @entity1009 , corresponding to the @entity1 's metabolic demand. In group B (n = 20), the fresh gas flow was 2000 ml X @entity1009 . In group C (n = 20), it was adjusted to the ventilation minute, i.e. 7145 +/- 986 ml X @entity1009 . Artificial ventilation was conducted using a tidal volume of 10 ml X kg-1 and a rate of 10 to 12 c X @entity1009 . Anaesthesia was induced after 10 min denitrogenation with @entity3575 (4 micrograms X kg-1), @entity4490 (4 mg X kg-1) and @entity3369 (0.1 mg X kg-1). FIO2 was then brought to 0.5 in @entity3810 and was monitored continuously using a polarographic oxymeter. Liquid @entity5161 was injected in the expiratory limb of the circuit using an electrical syringe driver. Alveolar concentration of @entity5161 was set at 0.92 vol. % according to Lowe and Ernst. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's test for means. Anaesthesia lasted 138 +/- 88.3 min in group A, 125.5 +/- 45.1 min in group B and 146.5 +/- 50 min in group C, no difference being significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Use of XXXX in a closed-circuit. Economic advantages].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: The optimum management of penetrating @entity812 remains controversial. Since 1980 our institution has followed a policy of mandatory celiotomy for back and flank wounds with evidence of fascial penetration. Following this policy, 34 @entity1 underwent celiotomy for back (8), flank (22), or combined (4) area penetrating injuries. Four @entity1 sustained shotgun blasts, eight sustained handgun or @entity130 , and 22 @entity1 were stabbed. All shotgun blasts caused multiple intra-abdominal injuries and five (63%) of the eight gunshot victims had significant intra-abdominal injuries. Only one (5%) of the 22 stab victims had significant @entity3511 . Four (12%) @entity1 died, three of @entity130 . One @entity1 had a @entity29 after a noncontributory abdominal examination. Based on this review, the authors recommend selective management of stab @entity812 . Gunshot wounds continue to warrant mandatory exploration.

title: Penetrating XXXX . A reassessment of mandatory celiotomy.

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['wounds to the back and flank']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction 1 month']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['shotgun injuries', 'rifle injuries']

answer: @entity812 :: (MESH:D021501,Disease) :: ['trauma to the back and flank']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) is emerging as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of @entity543 ( @entity543 ), but the effect of @entity2998 on the cognitive function of @entity1 with severe @entity543 has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to use comprehensive neuropsychological tests to determine the effect of @entity2998 on cognitive function from baseline to 3 months postprocedure in @entity1 with severe @entity543 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 due to undergo @entity2998 due to high-grade @entity543 (>= 70%) and 11 control subjects who were diagnosed with @entity543 , but who did not undergo @entity2998 , and who visited the clinic or emergency room between February 2009 and February 2012 were recruited consecutively at baseline (i.e., pre- @entity2998 ). Follow-up neuropsychological evaluations after 3 months were completed by 23 of the 31 @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 , and by 10 of the 11 control subjects. The primary cognitive outcome was assessed using a neuropsychological test containing subcategories designed to test general cognitive function, attention, visuospatial function, language and related functions, memory, and frontal lobe/executive function. RESULTS: Of the 23 @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 who completed the 3-month follow-up tests, 12 had asymptomatic @entity543 . During the 3-month follow-up period, the @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 and those with asymptomatic @entity543 achieved similar results to the control group on all cognitive tests. However, symptomatic @entity543 @entity1 (n=11) who underwent @entity2998 exhibited improvements in visuospatial function (p=0.046) and total Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Dementia Version scores (p=0.010) in comparison with both the asymptomatic @entity543 @entity1 and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that @entity2998 has a positive effect on cognitive function in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity543 over a 3-month follow-up period. A long-term, multicenter, prospective case-control study would be helpful to predict quality of life and prognoses for @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 .

title: Effect of carotid artery stenting on cognitive function in @entity1 with XXXX : a prospective, 3-month-follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid artery stenting']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) is emerging as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of @entity543 ( @entity543 ), but the effect of @entity2998 on the cognitive function of @entity1 with severe @entity543 has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to use comprehensive neuropsychological tests to determine the effect of @entity2998 on cognitive function from baseline to 3 months postprocedure in @entity1 with severe @entity543 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 due to undergo @entity2998 due to high-grade @entity543 (>= 70%) and 11 control subjects who were diagnosed with @entity543 , but who did not undergo @entity2998 , and who visited the clinic or emergency room between February 2009 and February 2012 were recruited consecutively at baseline (i.e., pre- @entity2998 ). Follow-up neuropsychological evaluations after 3 months were completed by 23 of the 31 @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 , and by 10 of the 11 control subjects. The primary cognitive outcome was assessed using a neuropsychological test containing subcategories designed to test general cognitive function, attention, visuospatial function, language and related functions, memory, and frontal lobe/executive function. RESULTS: Of the 23 @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 who completed the 3-month follow-up tests, 12 had asymptomatic @entity543 . During the 3-month follow-up period, the @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 and those with asymptomatic @entity543 achieved similar results to the control group on all cognitive tests. However, symptomatic @entity543 @entity1 (n=11) who underwent @entity2998 exhibited improvements in visuospatial function (p=0.046) and total Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Dementia Version scores (p=0.010) in comparison with both the asymptomatic @entity543 @entity1 and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that @entity2998 has a positive effect on cognitive function in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity543 over a 3-month follow-up period. A long-term, multicenter, prospective case-control study would be helpful to predict quality of life and prognoses for @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 .

title: Effect of carotid artery stenting on cognitive function in XXXX with @entity543 : a prospective, 3-month-follow-up study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and @entity2252 , as well as cytokines, for example, @entity650 ( @entity650 ) play an important role in neuroprotection and in the control of the central nervous system (CNS) function. Reduced expression of neurotrophic factors can lead to dysregulation of neuron function and @entity528 . There is also evidence for mutual interactions between neurotrophins and @entity650 . Therefore, the up-regulating the level of neuroprotective substances is one of the key manners to control the nervous system development and function. It can be a promising aim in the therapy of @entity179 in which the decreased level of neurotrophins is observed. In our recent studies, the role of @entity1521 -rich polypeptide complex (PRP) and its nonapeptide fragment (NP) in the regulation of neurotrophic activity in cultured astrocytes was shown. PRP and NP stimulate @entity1 @entity816 cell line @entity8001 to release the significant amounts of NGF to the extracellular space both in its precursor and mature form. We also provide the evidence that in NP-treated cells, the level of bNGF mRNA was increased. NP-treated cells used in this study produced also increasing amounts of @entity650 . This finding indicates that PRP and its nonapeptide fragment NP up-regulate neurotrophic activity of @entity8001 cell line by increase of NGF synthesis and its release into the extracellular space. It was also shown that NP-dependent increased production of @entity650 can enhance the NGF activity.

title: Neurotrophic Activity of Cultured Cell Line @entity8001 is Up-Regulated by XXXX -Rich Polypeptide Complex and Its Constituent Nonapeptide.

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity1521 :: (CHEBI:26271,Chemical) :: ['Proline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and @entity2252 , as well as cytokines, for example, @entity650 ( @entity650 ) play an important role in neuroprotection and in the control of the central nervous system (CNS) function. Reduced expression of neurotrophic factors can lead to dysregulation of neuron function and @entity528 . There is also evidence for mutual interactions between neurotrophins and @entity650 . Therefore, the up-regulating the level of neuroprotective substances is one of the key manners to control the nervous system development and function. It can be a promising aim in the therapy of @entity179 in which the decreased level of neurotrophins is observed. In our recent studies, the role of @entity1521 -rich polypeptide complex (PRP) and its nonapeptide fragment (NP) in the regulation of neurotrophic activity in cultured astrocytes was shown. PRP and NP stimulate @entity1 @entity816 cell line @entity8001 to release the significant amounts of NGF to the extracellular space both in its precursor and mature form. We also provide the evidence that in NP-treated cells, the level of bNGF mRNA was increased. NP-treated cells used in this study produced also increasing amounts of @entity650 . This finding indicates that PRP and its nonapeptide fragment NP up-regulate neurotrophic activity of @entity8001 cell line by increase of NGF synthesis and its release into the extracellular space. It was also shown that NP-dependent increased production of @entity650 can enhance the NGF activity.

title: Neurotrophic Activity of Cultured Cell Line XXXX is Up-Regulated by @entity1521 -Rich Polypeptide Complex and Its Constituent Nonapeptide.

answer: @entity8001 :: (641648,Gene) :: ['U87']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metastatic @entity1149 is associated with a poor prognosis, and palliative chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. However, long-time survival has been observed in oligometastatic @entity1 treated with locally ablative therapies to all sites of metastatic disease. An 80-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with an @entity2220 . The right @entity75 was classified cT2aN0M0  and was treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy at the dose of 60Gy in eight fractions. A few months after, he successively presented with two brain metastases and one left adrenal metastasis, with a complete response on the @entity5 . The three secondary lesions were treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy alone. Thirty months after the diagnosis and 12months after metastases' apparition, primary and @entity75 kept controlled (complete response). Oligometastatic @entity1149 management is not clear. Locally ablative therapies such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, surgery and radiofrequency are efficient and should be considered. A phase III study should evaluate radical treatment strategies in such @entity1 .

title: [Stereotactic body radiation radiotherapy for oligometastatic @entity1149 ( XXXX ): A case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe lesion', 'brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metastatic @entity1149 is associated with a poor prognosis, and palliative chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. However, long-time survival has been observed in oligometastatic @entity1 treated with locally ablative therapies to all sites of metastatic disease. An 80-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with an @entity2220 . The right @entity75 was classified cT2aN0M0  and was treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy at the dose of 60Gy in eight fractions. A few months after, he successively presented with two brain metastases and one left adrenal metastasis, with a complete response on the @entity5 . The three secondary lesions were treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy alone. Thirty months after the diagnosis and 12months after metastases' apparition, primary and @entity75 kept controlled (complete response). Oligometastatic @entity1149 management is not clear. Locally ablative therapies such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, surgery and radiofrequency are efficient and should be considered. A phase III study should evaluate radical treatment strategies in such @entity1 .

title: [Stereotactic body radiation radiotherapy for oligometastatic XXXX ( @entity1149 ): A case report].

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']