abstract: BACKGROUND: Microscopic and immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated both similarities and differences between the @entity5932 restored around dental implants. METHODS: This study was performed on 10 samples of peri-implant mucosa from 10 @entity1 who had undergone implant treatment 16 to 18 months before. Microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical investigations were performed to characterize the epithelial and connective layers of the peri-implant mucosa. RESULTS: All specimens showed the morphologic characteristics of well restored tissues. The immunocytochemical reactions used to detect cytokeratins demonstrated that the restored peri-implant mucosa had a non-keratinized epithelium. The apical part of the inner epithelium was a few cell layers thick, like the corresponding junctional epithelium, but it stained positively with the markers for the cytokeratins expressed by the stratified epithelia. Ultrastructurally the keratinocytes adjacent to the implant displayed nuclei containing a rich cytoplasm with filaments and specialized intercellular junctions right up to the more superficial strata. Immunocytochemical reactions and ultrastructural observations demonstrated the presence of non-keratinocyte cells; i.e., Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells. Several cells were found to be proliferating by immunoreaction with mAb anti-PCNA, while immunoreactions with mAbs to detect @entity2880 factor, @entity2280 , and @entity7 marked the well-developed networks of blood and lymphatic vessels in the connective tissue. @entity4483 positive nerve fibers were marked. Immunocytochemical reactions with mAbs anti-vimentin, anti-laminin were also performed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that all the epithelial and connective components of the mucosa are involved in the substantial regrowth of the peri-implant tissue and subsequently in the success of the implant.

title: Microscopic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural properties of peri-implant mucosa in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['gingival mucosa and the peri-implant mucosa']

entities_list: @entity4483 :: ('6285', 'Gene') :: ['S-100 and protein gene product 9.5']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The pregnancy outcome of 57 @entity1 who had been treated for @entity1469 , between 1975 and 1982, was studied. All @entity1 had regular menstrual cycle within six months after the last chemotherapy. Frequency of secondary @entity249 is 5% (3/60). No correlation between the amount of chemotherapy and secondary @entity249 was apparent. Of eighty-three pregnancies in 57 @entity1 , 55 pregnancies or 66.3% terminated in full term deliveries, 4 or 4.8% terminated in premature deliveries. Eleven of the 83 or 11.3% ended in @entity2208 .4% in recurrent hydatiditorm mole. Only one @entity1 (1.7%) had @entity600 . There was no increase in fetal wastage or @entity154 when compared with pregnancies prior to chemotherapy or after untreated molar @entity1 . Among the 59 live born @entity1 , 4 or 6.8% @entity1 belong to light for date, 49 or 83.1% to appropriate for date and 6 or 10.2% to heavy for date. Chemotherapic agents, mainly @entity1500 and @entity65700 , appeared to have no effect on fetal growth. The incidence of @entity1466 subsequent to pregnancy in treated @entity1 was 1.8% (1/57) and was 0.6% (2/365) in untreated molar @entity1 (n.s.).

title: [Analysis of pregnancy outcome after chemotherapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions and 2 or 2']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['trophoblastic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Resternotomy is a common part of cardiac surgical practice. Associated with resternotomy are the risks of @entity299 and @entity548 and the subsequent elevated morbidity and mortality in the operating room or during the postoperative period. The technique of direct vision resternotomy is safe and has fewer, if any, serious @entity299 . The technique, the reduced need for groin cannulation and the overall low operative mortality and morbidity are the focus of this restrospective analysis. METHODS: The records of 495 @entity1 undergoing 546 resternotomies over a 21-year period to January 2000 were reviewed. All consecutive reoperations by the one surgeon comprised @entity1 over the age of 20 at first resternotomy: M:F 343:203, mean age 57 years (range 20 to 85, median age 60). The mean NYHA grade was 2.3 [with 67 @entity1 (I), 273 (II), 159 (III), 43 (IV), and 4 (V classification)] with elective reoperation in 94.6%. @entity299 was graded into five groups and the incidence and reasons for groin cannulation estimated. The morbidity and mortality as a result of the reoperation and resternotomy were assessed. RESULTS: The hospital/30 day mortality was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.6%-4.4%) (16 deaths) over the 21 years. First (481), second (53), and third (12) resternotomies produced 307 uncomplicated technical reopenings, 203 slower but uncomplicated procedures, 9 minor superficial cardiac lacerations, and no moderate or severe @entity299 . Direct vision resternotomy is crystalized into the principle that only adhesions that are visualized from below are divided and only sternal bone that is freed of adhesions is sewn. Groin exposure was never performed prophylactically for resternotomy. Fourteen @entity1 (2.6%) had such cannulation for aortic dissection/ @entity439 (9 @entity1 ), excessive sternal adherence of cardiac structures (3 @entity1 ), presurgery @entity1167 (1 @entity1 ), and high aortic cannulation desired and not possible (1 @entity1 ). The average postop @entity190 was 594 mL (95% CI:558-631) in the first 12 hours. The need to return to the operating room for control of excessive @entity548 was 2% (11 @entity1 ). Blood transfusion was given in 65% of the resternotomy procedures over the 21 years (mean 854 mL: 95% CI 765-945 mL) and 41% over the last 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of direct vision resternotomy has been associated with zero moderate or major @entity299 / @entity548 at reoperation. Few @entity1 have required groin cannulation. In the postoperative period, there was acceptable @entity190 , transfusion rates, reduced morbidity, and moderate low mortality for this potentially high risk group.

title: How to do safe sternal reentry and the risk factors of redo cardiac surgery: a 21-year review with zero major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac injury', 'cardiac injury', 'cardiac injuries']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac injury']


abstract: Subcutaneous or i.c.v. administration of U50,488, a highly selective kappa opioid agonist, resulted in a dose-and time-dependent anticonvulsant action in rats. The anticonvulsant effect was @entity410 -specific; thus, U50,488 protected against supramaximal electroshock @entity410 but failed to raise the threshold of @entity15945 -induced @entity410 . The ED50 for s.c. U50,488 was 8.6 mg/kg, with a duration of action longer than 8 hr. In contrast, the ED50 for i.c.v. U50,488 was 103.8 micrograms, lasting approximately 1 hr. The anticonvulsant effect of U50,488 was partially antagonized by high (10.0 mg/kg), but not low (1.0 mg/kg), doses of s.c. administered @entity1510 . Results indicate that U50,488 is an efficacious, long-acting anticonvulsant against supramaximal, but not chemical threshold, @entity410 in @entity35 . Furthermore, the results with @entity1510 suggest that this effect of U50,488 is mediated by non-mu (probably kappa) binding sites. This structurally novel nonpeptide opioid may offer new insights into the development of therapeutically effective agents in the treatment of grand mal or @entity302 .

title: U50,488, a highly selective kappa opioid: anticonvulsant profile in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity15945 :: ('MESH:D005481', 'Chemical') :: ['flurothyl']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsies']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The rpsO gene of @entity526 , which encodes ribosomal protein S15 is located at 69 minutes on the chromosome. It is adjacent to the pnp gene, which encodes polynucleotide phosphorylase. The two genes are separated by 249 @entity2036 and are transcribed in the same direction. We report here in vivo S1 nuclease mapping and in vitro transcription experiments that demonstrate that rpsO and pnp are cotranscribed from a promoter P1, located 108 @entity2036 upstream from rpsO, and that another promoter P2, located between the two genes 158 @entity2036 upstream from pnp, also directs the transcription of pnp. Transcription from P1 can either terminate at the terminator t1 identified in vivo and in vitro, 18 @entity2036 downstream from rpsO, or transcribe through t1 and into pnp. Comparison of the transcripts synthesized in wild-type and RNase III-deficient strains of @entity526 shows that all the P1 readthrough transcripts and P2 transcripts are cleaved by RNase III. Two specific cuts are made by RNase III in a double-stranded structure about 100 @entity2036 upstream rpsO. We also found that some transcripts of this operon start 47 @entity2036 downstream from rpsO, in the region of t1. No promoter has been identified in this region. This mRNA is attributed to an endonucleolytic cleavage of the polycistronic transcripts and the location of the cut is named M. The order of the transcription signals and of the maturation sites in relation to rpsO and pnp can be summarized as follows: P1, rpsO, t1, M, P2, RNase III-processing sites, pnp. The possible roles of mRNA processing events in the expression of rpsO-pnp operon are discussed.

title: Initiation, attenuation and RNase III processing of transcripts from the XXXX operon encoding ribosomal protein S15 and polynucleotide phosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Cervical spine involvement occurs in over half of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The most common abnormality is @entity3029 , followed by @entity625 with @entity129 and by lesions of the lower cervical spine. Cervical spine involvement usually occurs in @entity1 with severe @entity309 . @entity158 and evidence of @entity1566 are the main symptoms. The presence of symptoms is not correlated with the severity of @entity854 . Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide detailed images of the bone and @entity602 . Because the course is unpredictable, conservatively treated @entity1 usually require regular follow-up. Surgery is in order in @entity1 with @entity158 unresponsive to major narcotics or with progressive @entity16 . The choice between the anterior and the posterior route depends on the experience of the surgical team. It is reasonable to stabilize the spine before the development of @entity129 or major @entity16 (Ranawat's stage III). The good functional results of spinal surgery are frequently overshadowed by @entity73 related to severe @entity1897 . Safety is acceptable when somatosensory evoked responses are monitored intraoperatively. Surgery can provide substantial improvements in symptoms, particularly @entity158 .

title: Cervical spine involvement in XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial settling']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['atlantooccipital arthritis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['major impairments']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological loss']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral joint disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity1179 is an unusual entity for many ophthalmologists. We report a case of @entity1179 of the nasal cavity and sinuses, invading the orbit in a 33-year-old @entity1 . The @entity1 presented with a right medial canthal mass, proptosis, @entity227 , @entity9467 and @entity8968 . In the past, he underwent multiple procedures for surgical @entity5 with frequent recurrences. A computed tomographic scan revealed a mass filling both the nasal cavities and sinuses, destroying adjacent bones and invading the medial aspect of the orbit, leading to proptosis. Excision of the @entity5 was performed by a lateral rhinotomy approach. The @entity5 proved to be an @entity1179 with focal @entity1606 . Post-operative CT scan revealed @entity41 , which responded to radiotherapy, with no recurrence over six months. Histopathologically, these @entity5 are benign, but locally invasive. The @entity5 that invade the orbit are usually locally aggressive, highly malignant and recur frequently. Radical excision of the @entity5 is technically difficult and often incomplete, so radiotherapy should be considered as an adjunct to surgery.

title: XXXX invading the orbit.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['diminution of vision']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['Inverted papilloma', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transformation to transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['Inverted papilloma']


abstract: The interpretation of clonality within @entity1534 -associated @entity3621 and low-grade @entity1074 remains controversial. Due to the observation of @entity1074 regression after @entity1534 eradication, new definitions concerning the border between benign reactive lesions and malignant @entity6595 are needed. Gene rearrangements for immunoglobulin heavy-chain in low-grade @entity1074 (N= 12) and @entity1534 -associated @entity102 with @entity1373 (N= 13) were analyzed by microdissection and polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, T cell receptor-gamma chain rearrangements were analyzed by gene scan analysis. In 11 of 12 cases with initial low-grade @entity1074 , intraepithelial and subepithelial B cell rearrangements showed a restricted usage of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3. In @entity1534 -associated @entity102 , the intraepithelial B cell compartment showed an oligoclonal the immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement pattern with a predominance of VH3. The subepithelial compartment did not show any restrictive immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene usage. Additionally a mono- to oligoclonal rearrangement pattern of the T cell receptor-y chain was observed in low-grade @entity1074 , whereas an oligoclonal pattem was observed in @entity102 . Our data provide evidence that low-grade @entity1074 may start within the epithelium and subsequently infiltrate the subepithelial compartment. The observation of a mono- to oligoclonal TCR-gamma rearrangement suggests that an antigen selecting process also takes place within reactive T cells. Combining TCR-gamma gene scan analysis with IgH chain rearrangement analysis might help in discriminating between @entity102 and @entity1074 in questionable cases.

title: Compartment analysis of T cell receptor gamma--and immunoglobulin V(H) rearrangements by microdissection in patients with malt lymphoma and @entity102 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['initial MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['lymphatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The interpretation of clonality within @entity1534 -associated @entity3621 and low-grade @entity1074 remains controversial. Due to the observation of @entity1074 regression after @entity1534 eradication, new definitions concerning the border between benign reactive lesions and malignant @entity6595 are needed. Gene rearrangements for immunoglobulin heavy-chain in low-grade @entity1074 (N= 12) and @entity1534 -associated @entity102 with @entity1373 (N= 13) were analyzed by microdissection and polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, T cell receptor-gamma chain rearrangements were analyzed by gene scan analysis. In 11 of 12 cases with initial low-grade @entity1074 , intraepithelial and subepithelial B cell rearrangements showed a restricted usage of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3. In @entity1534 -associated @entity102 , the intraepithelial B cell compartment showed an oligoclonal the immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement pattern with a predominance of VH3. The subepithelial compartment did not show any restrictive immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene usage. Additionally a mono- to oligoclonal rearrangement pattern of the T cell receptor-y chain was observed in low-grade @entity1074 , whereas an oligoclonal pattem was observed in @entity102 . Our data provide evidence that low-grade @entity1074 may start within the epithelium and subsequently infiltrate the subepithelial compartment. The observation of a mono- to oligoclonal TCR-gamma rearrangement suggests that an antigen selecting process also takes place within reactive T cells. Combining TCR-gamma gene scan analysis with IgH chain rearrangement analysis might help in discriminating between @entity102 and @entity1074 in questionable cases.

title: Compartment analysis of T cell receptor gamma--and immunoglobulin V(H) rearrangements by microdissection in patients with malt lymphoma and XXXX with @entity1373 .

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic gastritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews of antibiotic treatment of common acute @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) suggest modest symptomatic benefit, but provide limited evidence that prescribing prevents complications. AIM: To assess the relationship between @entity114 prescribing (the most commonly used group of antibiotics for @entity1729 ) and hospital admission with complications. DESIGN OF STUDY: Data linkage study. SETTING: Ninety-six health authorities of England for the year 1997-1998. METHOD: Hospital admissions related to @entity1729 were linked with prescribing analysis and cost (PACT) data. RESULTS: There was close correlation between items of @entity114 use and total antibiotic use (r = 0.96). After controlling for @entity5047 , age, sex, and Townsend score, a one-unit increase in @entity114 use (items dispensed per capita) was associated with a reduction in annual incidence per 10,000 of admissions for quinsy (-3.55 admissions, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -6.85 to -0.26), and @entity2267 (square root of incidence of admissions = -1.05, 95% CI = -1.82 to -0.27). This does not represent lower referral thresholds among higher prescribers as higher prescribing was associated with more admissions for tonsillectomy and overall admissions. Increasing prescribing by 2000 items of @entity114 for a practice of 10,000 @entity1 could possibly prevent one admission for either @entity2267 or quinsy. CONCLUSION: Higher antibiotic prescribing is associated with significantly fewer admissions with major complications. However, the overall size of the effect is modest and it is difficult to advocate an overall increase in prescribing to prevent complications. Future research should concentrate on finding better methods of targeting antibiotics to individuals at risk of poor outcome.

title: Antibiotic prescribing and admissions with major suppurative complications of XXXX : a data linkage study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'RTIs']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) is a ubiquitous neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that affects neural circuits and behaviours in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, we have investigated @entity750 -induced @entity141 transients in subcellular compartments of Retzius neurons in the leech central nervous system using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and studied the effect of @entity750 on the electrical coupling between the Retzius neurons. Bath application of @entity750 (50mM) induced a @entity141 transient in axon, dendrites and cell body of the Retzius neuron. This @entity141 transient was significantly faster and larger in dendrites than in axon and cell body, and was half-maximal at a @entity750 concentration of 5-12mM. The @entity141 transient was suppressed in the absence of extracellular @entity141 and by @entity3858 (100mM), a non-specific antagonist of metabotropic @entity750 receptors, and was strongly reduced by bath application of the @entity141 channel blocker @entity515 (2mM). Injection of the non-hydrolysable @entity3007 analogue GTPgammaS increased and prolonged the dendritic @entity750 -induced @entity141 transient. The non-selective protein kinase inhibitor H7 (100mM) and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor @entity15404 (500 mM) did not affect the @entity141 transient, and the membrane-permeable @entity268 analogue @entity8279 (500 mM) did not mimic the effect of @entity750 application. @entity750 reduced the apparent electrical coupling between the two Retzius neurons, whereas suppression of the @entity141 influx by removal of external @entity141 improved the transmission of action potentials at the electrical synapses which are located between the dendrites of the adjacent Retzius neurons. The results indicate that @entity750 induces a @entity141 influx through @entity460 channels located primarily in the dendrites, and presumably activated by a G protein-coupled @entity750 receptor. The dendritic @entity141 increase appears to modulate the excitability of, and the synchronization between, the two Retzius neurons.

title: XXXX influx into dendrites of the leech Retzius neuron evoked by @entity750 .

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) is a ubiquitous neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that affects neural circuits and behaviours in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, we have investigated @entity750 -induced @entity141 transients in subcellular compartments of Retzius neurons in the leech central nervous system using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and studied the effect of @entity750 on the electrical coupling between the Retzius neurons. Bath application of @entity750 (50mM) induced a @entity141 transient in axon, dendrites and cell body of the Retzius neuron. This @entity141 transient was significantly faster and larger in dendrites than in axon and cell body, and was half-maximal at a @entity750 concentration of 5-12mM. The @entity141 transient was suppressed in the absence of extracellular @entity141 and by @entity3858 (100mM), a non-specific antagonist of metabotropic @entity750 receptors, and was strongly reduced by bath application of the @entity141 channel blocker @entity515 (2mM). Injection of the non-hydrolysable @entity3007 analogue GTPgammaS increased and prolonged the dendritic @entity750 -induced @entity141 transient. The non-selective protein kinase inhibitor H7 (100mM) and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor @entity15404 (500 mM) did not affect the @entity141 transient, and the membrane-permeable @entity268 analogue @entity8279 (500 mM) did not mimic the effect of @entity750 application. @entity750 reduced the apparent electrical coupling between the two Retzius neurons, whereas suppression of the @entity141 influx by removal of external @entity141 improved the transmission of action potentials at the electrical synapses which are located between the dendrites of the adjacent Retzius neurons. The results indicate that @entity750 induces a @entity141 influx through @entity460 channels located primarily in the dendrites, and presumably activated by a G protein-coupled @entity750 receptor. The dendritic @entity141 increase appears to modulate the excitability of, and the synchronization between, the two Retzius neurons.

title: @entity460 influx into dendrites of the leech Retzius neuron evoked by XXXX .

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Reconstruction of a knee damaged by cement packed to cure @entity2967 is sometimes difficult. We reconstructed such a knee by removal of the cement, autologous bone transplantation and distraction osteogenesis using the Ilizarov apparatus. In this paper the results 29 months after the salvage surgery are given. @entity1 AND METHODS: We saw a 31-year-old @entity1 's knee joint that showed osteoarthritic change after curettage, cryosurgery and cementation performed 4 years previously for @entity2967 of the proximal tibia. We reconstructed the knee joint. This procedure included cement removal, alignment correction by tibial osteotomy, subchondral bone reconstruction by autologous bone transplantation, and filling the defect after removing the bone cement by elongating the diaphysis using the Ilizarov apparatus. RESULTS: Distraction was terminated 4 months later when 54 mm of elongation was performed. All devices were removed 12 months after the surgery. Seventeen months after the removal of the apparatus, the range of motion of the right knee was 0 degrees extension and 110 degrees flexion, and the @entity1 was able to walk without @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the treatment period is long and there may be some complications of Ilizarov lengthening and distraction osteogenesis, this procedure has numerous benefits. Bony defects can be soundly reconstructed and, at the same time, the alignment of the knee can be corrected. Also it is not necessary to reconstruct the ligaments because the insertions are intact. If @entity571 progresses, a surface type total knee replacement can be performed, not constrained type prosthesis, which would be used if the bony structure had not been reconstructed. This procedure may be one of the candidates for reconstructing such knee joints destroyed by bone cement.

title: A case report: reconstruction of a damaged knee following treatment of XXXX of the proximal tibia with cryosurgery and cementation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['a giant-cell tumor']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of @entity1037 (OL) in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Eleven @entity2033 @entity1 (five @entity1 ), aged 47.6 +/- 11.4 years and with disease duration of 11.2 +/- 3.3 years received OL. Assessment was carried out using the Clinical Global Impression of Change Scale (CGIC) and the Unified @entity2033 Rating Scale behavioral (UHDRS - b) and motor (UHDRS - m) at 6 month intervals. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were treated for 9.8 +/- 5.9 months. The mean OL dose/ @entity1 was 11.4 +/- 8.5 mg/day (median 10 mg/day). Mean CGIC was 2.1 +/- 0.8. UHDRS - b improved significantly (P < 0.0001) and UHDRS - m did not change. @entity4790 improved in five @entity1 and two dropped out because of @entity203 and lack of efficacy. CONCLUSION: OL is a good alternative treatment in @entity2033 , mainly for the @entity146 symptoms and moderately effective for the motor symptoms, possibly because of its effect on @entity4790 . We suggest OL should be used in @entity2033 @entity1 with the adult onset form, severe @entity4790 and/or severe @entity146 disturbances.

title: XXXX in @entity2033 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['Chorea', 'chorea']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's Disease", "Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['Olanzapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of @entity1037 (OL) in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Eleven @entity2033 @entity1 (five @entity1 ), aged 47.6 +/- 11.4 years and with disease duration of 11.2 +/- 3.3 years received OL. Assessment was carried out using the Clinical Global Impression of Change Scale (CGIC) and the Unified @entity2033 Rating Scale behavioral (UHDRS - b) and motor (UHDRS - m) at 6 month intervals. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were treated for 9.8 +/- 5.9 months. The mean OL dose/ @entity1 was 11.4 +/- 8.5 mg/day (median 10 mg/day). Mean CGIC was 2.1 +/- 0.8. UHDRS - b improved significantly (P < 0.0001) and UHDRS - m did not change. @entity4790 improved in five @entity1 and two dropped out because of @entity203 and lack of efficacy. CONCLUSION: OL is a good alternative treatment in @entity2033 , mainly for the @entity146 symptoms and moderately effective for the motor symptoms, possibly because of its effect on @entity4790 . We suggest OL should be used in @entity2033 @entity1 with the adult onset form, severe @entity4790 and/or severe @entity146 disturbances.

title: @entity1037 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: Chimeric @entity460 /calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is characterized by the presence of a visinin-like @entity141 -binding domain unlike other known calmodulin- dependent kinases. @entity141 -Binding to the visinin-like domain leads to autophosphorylation and changes in the affinity for calmodulin [Sathyanarayanan P.V., Cremo C.R. _ Poovaiah B.W. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 30417-30422]. Here, we report that the @entity141 -stimulated autophosphorylation of CCaMK results in time-dependent loss of enzyme activity. This time-dependent loss of activity or self-inactivation due to autophosphorylation is also dependent on reaction pH and @entity855 concentration. Inactivation of the enzyme resulted in the formation of a sedimentable enzyme due to self-association. Specifically, autophosphorylation in the presence of 200 microm @entity855 at pH 7.5 resulted in the formation of a sedimentable enzyme with a 33% loss in enzyme activity. Under similar conditions at pH 6.5, the enzyme lost 67% of its activity and at pH 8.5, 84% enzyme activity was lost. Furthermore, autophosphorylation at either acidic or alkaline reaction pH lead to the formation of a sedimentable enzyme. Transmission electron microscopic studies on autophosphorylated kinase revealed particles that clustered into branched complexes. The autophosphorylation of wild-type kinase in the presence of @entity860 - @entity26864 (an unhydrolyzable @entity855 analog) or the autophosphorylation-site mutant, @entity70890 , did not show formation of branched complexes under the electron microscope. Autophosphorylation- dependent self-inactivation may be a mechanism of modulating the signal transduction pathway mediated by CCaMK.

title: Autophosphorylation-dependent inactivation of plant chimeric XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy can be associated with @entity2359 side effects including @entity73 . Objective methods for detection of @entity2359 in individual @entity1 would be useful. We studied the effects of @entity2682 (GBP) and @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) on neurophysiologic and cognitive/behavioral measures in healthy volunteers. METHODS: In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of @entity2050 and GBP in healthy volunteers, 23 subjects completed the protocol. All achieved the target dose of 1,200 mg @entity2050 or 3,600 mg GBP. A structured EEG for quantitative analysis and a cognitive test battery were administered before AED therapy and again after 12 weeks of therapy. Test-retest differences were compared with those of 72 untreated control subjects. RESULTS: Both @entity2050 and GBP significantly decreased the peak frequency of the posterior (alpha) rhythm, with @entity2050 exerting a greater effect. Ten @entity2050 and six GBP subjects exceeded the 95% confidence interval (CI) for an individual. Cognitive tests revealed AED vs. control group effects for two of seven measures (Digit Symbol, Stroop) and all subjective measures. However, few subjects exceeded the 95% CI for any objective test. Differences between @entity2050 and GBP were not significant. Greater EEG slowing was associated with greater subjective @entity2359 and poorer test-retest performance on a cognitive test summary measure. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity2050 and GBP therapy induced EEG slowing that correlated with @entity73 and often exceeded the confidence interval for individual subjects. Quantitative EEG measures may be useful in the objective determination of AED-related @entity2359 .

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity2049 on the EEG and cognition in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive complaints', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy can be associated with @entity2359 side effects including @entity73 . Objective methods for detection of @entity2359 in individual @entity1 would be useful. We studied the effects of @entity2682 (GBP) and @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) on neurophysiologic and cognitive/behavioral measures in healthy volunteers. METHODS: In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of @entity2050 and GBP in healthy volunteers, 23 subjects completed the protocol. All achieved the target dose of 1,200 mg @entity2050 or 3,600 mg GBP. A structured EEG for quantitative analysis and a cognitive test battery were administered before AED therapy and again after 12 weeks of therapy. Test-retest differences were compared with those of 72 untreated control subjects. RESULTS: Both @entity2050 and GBP significantly decreased the peak frequency of the posterior (alpha) rhythm, with @entity2050 exerting a greater effect. Ten @entity2050 and six GBP subjects exceeded the 95% confidence interval (CI) for an individual. Cognitive tests revealed AED vs. control group effects for two of seven measures (Digit Symbol, Stroop) and all subjective measures. However, few subjects exceeded the 95% CI for any objective test. Differences between @entity2050 and GBP were not significant. Greater EEG slowing was associated with greater subjective @entity2359 and poorer test-retest performance on a cognitive test summary measure. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity2050 and GBP therapy induced EEG slowing that correlated with @entity73 and often exceeded the confidence interval for individual subjects. Quantitative EEG measures may be useful in the objective determination of AED-related @entity2359 .

title: Effects of @entity2682 and XXXX on the EEG and cognition in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: @entity2026 has been described in left @entity410 . It may be of fluent, non-fluent or global type. We present here a @entity1 who displayed signs of mixed @entity8378 ( @entity70891 ). The @entity1 was a 67 year old @entity1 who underwent excision of a left frontal @entity1653 in 1987. Since then he has been treated with @entity3174 for generalized @entity410 (GTCS). He was admitted in @entity159 . On awakening, the @entity1 was non-fluent with palilalia and @entity12862 . His repetition was relatively preserved but all the other language functions were impaired. This picture faded away within a few hours. Brain CT, performed during this postictal state, was normal except for signs related to frontal craniotomy. SPECT, which was performed after language functions returned to normal, displayed @entity75 . The postictal language dysfunction of the @entity1 corresponded to @entity70891 . Although our case has frontal, he had no other structural lesion that could explain either @entity63 of the left hemisphere or watershed areas secondary to the generalized @entity410 . The uniqueness of this case is the combination of postictal @entity70891 with good prognosis.

title: Postictal mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe seizures', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity8378 :: ('MESH:D020240', 'Disease') :: ['transcortical aphasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal, cingular and insular hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Postictal aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['parasagittal meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity8378 :: (MESH:D020240,Disease) :: ['transcortical aphasia']


abstract: @entity70892 and @entity70893 were immunolocalised in @entity1641 osteoclasts (OC s) present in ex vivo cartilage/subchondral bone samples. Samples were obtained post mortem from the lateral trochlear ridge (LTR) of six @entity1641 and ponies aged between 303 days gestation to 8 months. Strong expression of @entity70892 was detected in OC s, particularly those located at the osteochondral junction, apparently involved in the resorption of calcified cartilage. @entity70892 expression was also detected in @entity1184 chondrocytes and in the endothelial cells of some blood vessels penetrating the @entity1184 zone of cartilage. By contrast, @entity70893 was either absent or present at very low levels in OC s.Osteoclast-like cells (OCL s) were generated in vitro from bone marrow (BM), obtained from the femurs of one @entity1641 and two ponies. High levels of @entity70892 activity but only very low levels of @entity70893 activity were demonstrated in OCL s using fluorogenic substrates for these enzymes. The @entity70892 activity could be blocked by the general @entity462 proteinase inhibitor, @entity19258 , but not by the @entity70893 inhibitor, @entity33050 . The @entity70893 activity was completely blocked by both CA-074Me and E-64. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity70892 is more important than @entity70893 in the osteoclastic resorption of bone and calcified cartilage of developing @entity1641 long bones. Given the apparent importance of @entity70892 in @entity1641 endochondral ossification further investigation into the possibility that abnormal expression of this enzyme is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1641 developmental orthopaedic disease is warranted.

title: Localisation and activity of cathepsins K and B in XXXX osteoclasts.

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['horse', 'horses', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective measurement of exercise tolerance is an important component of @entity712 trials. The use of laboratory-based treadmill exercise testing has attracted criticism, however, as being unrepresentative of @entity1 ' true capabilities. AIM: To examine the relationships between tests of exercise capacity, quality of life and haemodynamics in @entity1 with stable symptomatic @entity712 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with mild-moderate @entity712 were studied. Exercise capacity was assessed in the laboratory by maximal treadmill tests and self-paced corridor walk tests, and in the @entity1 ' homes by hip-borne pedometers. Quality of life was assessed by a disease-specific questionnaire. Cardiac output and limb blood flow were measured by non-invasive techniques. RESULTS: Customary activity as assessed by pedometer scores correlated with quality of life questionnaire scores (r(S) = 0.47, P = 0.04), and both variables correlated with limb ( @entity291 ) blood flow (pedometer scores: r(S) = 0.39, P = 0.03; quality of life scores: r(S)= 0.50, P = 0.04). The laboratory-based maximal treadmill test correlated with the self-paced corridor walk test, but neither of these tests correlated with pedometer scores, quality of life or haemodynamics. CONCLUSIONS: Different methods of assessing exercise capacity do not appear to give comparable results and bear different relationships to haemodynamic variables and quality of life. Pedometer scores of customary activity may better reflect @entity1 ' quality of life and appear to be more closely related to limb blood flow than the maximal treadmill exercise test or the corridor walk test. The sole use of laboratory-based exercise tests in therapeutic trials may give a misleading assessment of treatment efficacy in @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Assessing exercise capacity, quality of life and haemodynamics in XXXX : do the tests tell us the same thing?

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) overexpress various cell-surface @entity669 kinase receptors, including the type I high-affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor ( @entity7167 ). The purpose of this study was to determine whether FGFR-targeted gene therapy is feasible in this disorder. Accordingly, the effects of a conjugate consisting of @entity540 linked to a @entity1334 ' fragment against the adenovirus knob region were evaluated in @entity1 @entity788 cell lines treated with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase (AdTK) gene. An adenoviral vector containing the firefly luciferase reporter gene (AdLuc) served to assess @entity281 efficiency, and was initially tested in L6 @entity35 myoblasts. In parental L6 cells that express exceedingly low levels of high-affinity FGFRs, transduction with AdLuc was enhanced 7- to 10-fold with the @entity540 - @entity1334 ' conjugate, whereas in L6 cells transfected to express @entity7167 , it was enhanced 39- to 52-fold. The @entity788 cell lines expressed variable levels of the four high-affinity FGF receptors, and exhibited 2- to 34-fold increases in gene transduction in the presence of the @entity540 - @entity1334 ' conjugate. In the absence of @entity540 - @entity1334 ' there was no correlation between surface binding of @entity540 and AdLuc transduction efficiency, whereas in the presence of @entity540 - @entity1334 ', enhanced AdLuc transduction efficiency correlated with greater surface binding of @entity540 . In the absence of AdTK, all the cell lines were insensitive to @entity4540 , whereas after AdTK transduction, only @entity1 and PANC-1 cells were resistant to @entity4540 even in the presence of @entity540 - @entity1334 '. @entity4540 -mediated inhibition was dependent on the conjugate in @entity1 and COLO-357 cells, but was independent of the conjugate in T3M4 and MIA-PaCa-2 cells. Real-time quantitative PCR of laser-captured @entity5 cells revealed high levels of various FGFR mRNA species in six of seven PDAC @entity5 samples. These findings indicate that transduction efficiency with @entity540 - @entity1334 ' in @entity788 cells is independent of native adenoviral transduction efficiency and is greatest in cells that exhibit concomitant expression of various high-affinity FGFRs. In view of the overexpression of high-affinity FGFRs in the @entity5 cells in PDAC, our findings also suggest that the combined use of AdTK, @entity4540 , and @entity540 - @entity1334 ' may ultimately be a promising therapeutic approach in a subgroup of @entity1 with PDAC.

title: Targeting of suicide gene delivery in XXXX cells via FGF receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'CAPAN-1', 'patients', 'ASPC-1']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDACs', 'Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2', 'FGF2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir', 'Ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two randomized trials (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial [MADIT] and Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial [MUSTT]) suggest that @entity737 ( @entity737 ) placement is associated with improved survival in @entity1 with @entity453 , @entity308 , and nonsustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) who also have inducible sustained @entity1165 . However, neither study directly addresses the management of such @entity1 who develop nonsustained @entity1165 early after revascularization. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 109 consecutive @entity1 who underwent electrophysiologic testing to evaluate nonsustained @entity1165 , which occurred 5 +/- 4 days following revascularization. Sustained monomorphic @entity1165 was inducible in 46 (42%) @entity1 ; these @entity1 received an @entity737 . The remaining 63 (58%) noninducible @entity1 received neither antiarrhythmic drug therapy nor an @entity737 . During 27 +/- 12 months of follow-up, 15 (33%) of 45 @entity1 with an implanted @entity737 received at least one appropriate therapy from the device and 26 (24%) of the 109 study @entity1 died. The 1- and 2-year freedom from @entity2224 or @entity944 in noninducible @entity1 (97% and 93%) was significantly greater than that of inducible @entity1 (84% and 71%; P = 0.001). However, no difference was observed in total mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with nonsustained @entity1165 during the early postrevascularization period who have inducible @entity1165 have a high incidence of arrhythmic events. Although this study was not designed to assess the impact of @entity737 placement on the total mortality of inducible @entity1 , the finding that one third of these @entity1 received appropriate @entity737 therapy suggests that the device may have a protective effect in these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of nonsustained XXXX after revascularization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed left ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity64 results in @entity1158 or @entity1269 of the contralateral side of the body. The ipsilateral side of the body, the so-called "good" side, is often assumed to have no deficit. However, there is increasing evidence that the function of the unaffected limbs, especially the upper extremities, is different from that of normal age-matched controls. In the present study, we examined the motor control of both hands of @entity64 subjects, 6 with left hemisphere @entity75 (LHBD) and 5 with right hemisphere @entity75 (RHBD). The control group consisted of 5 normal age-matched subjects. The task of the subject was to move a handle by flexing his/her fingers until the target position was reached. The target position was set as 33% of the range of each subject. No time constraints were imposed. The movements of the normal subjects were basically smooth, with few hesitations. In contrast to this, the movements of both hands in the two @entity64 groups were segmented and characterized by multiple starts and stops. As compared to normals, the time to reach the target, the number of pauses during the movement, and the percent of time spent in pauses, were significantly greater for both hands of the LHBD group. In the RHBD group, the percent of time spent in pauses was significantly greater than the control group for the ipsilesional hand. The increased segmentation seen in the movements of the ipsilesional, as well as the contralesional. hands of the hemiplegic subjects suggests that the @entity51 in @entity64 @entity1 may be due to a global inability to correctly plan and carry out movements.

title: Movement in the ipsilesional hand is segmented following unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral stroke', 'stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: The effects of histaminergic ligands on both ACh spontaneous release from the hippocampus and the expression of @entity5019 in the medial septum-diagonal band (MSA-DB) of freely moving @entity35 were investigated. Because the majority of cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus is provided by MSA-DB neurons, we used the dual-probe microdialysis technique to apply drugs to the MSA-DB and record the induced effects in the projection area. Perfusion of MSA-DB with high-KCl medium strongly stimulated hippocampal ACh release which, conversely, was significantly reduced by intra-MSA-DB administration of @entity1022 . @entity112 or the H2 receptor agonist dimaprit, applied directly to the hippocampus, failed to alter ACh release. Conversely, perfusion of MSA-DB with these two compounds increased ACh release from the hippocampus. Also, @entity13686 and @entity10449 , two H3 receptor antagonists, administered into MSA-DB, increased the release of hippocampal ACh, whereas @entity10448 , an H3 receptor agonist, produced the opposite effect. The blockade of MSA-DB H2 receptors, caused by local perfusion with the H2 receptor antagonist @entity4444 , moderated the spontaneous release of hippocampal @entity1617 and antagonized the facilitation produced by H3 receptor antagonists. @entity45421 , an H1 receptor antagonist, was without effect. Moreover, cells expressing @entity5019 immunoreactivity were significantly more numerous in ciproxifan- or @entity13686 -treated @entity35 than in controls, although no colocalization of anti- @entity5019 and anti-ChAT immunoreactivity was observed. These results indicate a role for endogenous @entity112 in modulating the cholinergic tone in the hippocampus.

title: Endogenous XXXX in the medial septum-diagonal band complex increases the release of acetylcholine from the hippocampus: a dual-probe microdialysis study in the freely moving @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity45421 :: ('MESH:D014311', 'Chemical') :: ['Triprolidine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity13686 :: ('MESH:C052075', 'Chemical') :: ['thioperamide']

entities_list: @entity10448 :: ('CHEBI:73337', 'Chemical') :: ['R-alpha-methylhistamine']

entities_list: @entity10449 :: ('MESH:C115705', 'Chemical') :: ['ciproxifan']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: The effects of histaminergic ligands on both ACh spontaneous release from the hippocampus and the expression of @entity5019 in the medial septum-diagonal band (MSA-DB) of freely moving @entity35 were investigated. Because the majority of cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus is provided by MSA-DB neurons, we used the dual-probe microdialysis technique to apply drugs to the MSA-DB and record the induced effects in the projection area. Perfusion of MSA-DB with high-KCl medium strongly stimulated hippocampal ACh release which, conversely, was significantly reduced by intra-MSA-DB administration of @entity1022 . @entity112 or the H2 receptor agonist dimaprit, applied directly to the hippocampus, failed to alter ACh release. Conversely, perfusion of MSA-DB with these two compounds increased ACh release from the hippocampus. Also, @entity13686 and @entity10449 , two H3 receptor antagonists, administered into MSA-DB, increased the release of hippocampal ACh, whereas @entity10448 , an H3 receptor agonist, produced the opposite effect. The blockade of MSA-DB H2 receptors, caused by local perfusion with the H2 receptor antagonist @entity4444 , moderated the spontaneous release of hippocampal @entity1617 and antagonized the facilitation produced by H3 receptor antagonists. @entity45421 , an H1 receptor antagonist, was without effect. Moreover, cells expressing @entity5019 immunoreactivity were significantly more numerous in ciproxifan- or @entity13686 -treated @entity35 than in controls, although no colocalization of anti- @entity5019 and anti-ChAT immunoreactivity was observed. These results indicate a role for endogenous @entity112 in modulating the cholinergic tone in the hippocampus.

title: Endogenous @entity112 in the medial septum-diagonal band complex increases the release of acetylcholine from the hippocampus: a dual-probe microdialysis study in the freely moving XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity369 decarboxylase (ADC) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of @entity4663 , which have been implicated in a wide range of plant responses, including stress. However, regulation of @entity4664 levels in relation to ADC in response to stress at the molecular level is not well understood. In an attempt to address this question, we first cloned two cDNAs in mustard ( @entity13344 _ Coss var. @entity13344 ), designated MADC2 and MADC3, encoding predicted ADC. MADC2 and MADC3 encode polypeptides of 692 and 680 @entity535 residues, respectively. A comparison of deduced @entity535 sequence revealed that both were highly homologous to MADC1 (77%), a mustard ADC, and other plant ADCs (63-84%). Northern analysis revealed that ADC transcripts in mustard were generally more abundant in stem and root but were barely detectable in leaf. However, ADC expression in the leaf was up-regulated differentially in response to stress such as chilling, salt and @entity2656 and to treatments with exogenous @entity4663 . While chilling induced expression of all three ADC genes, salt predominantly resulted in increased accumulation of MADC3 transcript. Leaves exhibited a similar response to exogenous @entity7224 , @entity11667 and @entity8037 , all of which stimulated accumulation of MADC2 and MADC3 transcripts but not MADC1. Furthermore, exogenous @entity7224 also increased the endogenous levels of @entity11667 and @entity8037 , while a higher endogenous @entity7224 and @entity11667 content was detected in leaf incubated with exogenous @entity8037 . Leaves also responded to chilling, salt and @entity2656 by increasing the levels of the cellular @entity4664 content, in which the level of @entity8037 in free and conjugated forms increased most profoundly.

title: Up-regulation of @entity369 decarboxylase gene expression and accumulation of XXXX in mustard ( @entity13344 )in response to stress.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity13344 :: ('3707', 'Species') :: ['Indian Mustard', 'Brassica juncea[L.] Czern']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: @entity369 decarboxylase (ADC) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of @entity4663 , which have been implicated in a wide range of plant responses, including stress. However, regulation of @entity4664 levels in relation to ADC in response to stress at the molecular level is not well understood. In an attempt to address this question, we first cloned two cDNAs in mustard ( @entity13344 _ Coss var. @entity13344 ), designated MADC2 and MADC3, encoding predicted ADC. MADC2 and MADC3 encode polypeptides of 692 and 680 @entity535 residues, respectively. A comparison of deduced @entity535 sequence revealed that both were highly homologous to MADC1 (77%), a mustard ADC, and other plant ADCs (63-84%). Northern analysis revealed that ADC transcripts in mustard were generally more abundant in stem and root but were barely detectable in leaf. However, ADC expression in the leaf was up-regulated differentially in response to stress such as chilling, salt and @entity2656 and to treatments with exogenous @entity4663 . While chilling induced expression of all three ADC genes, salt predominantly resulted in increased accumulation of MADC3 transcript. Leaves exhibited a similar response to exogenous @entity7224 , @entity11667 and @entity8037 , all of which stimulated accumulation of MADC2 and MADC3 transcripts but not MADC1. Furthermore, exogenous @entity7224 also increased the endogenous levels of @entity11667 and @entity8037 , while a higher endogenous @entity7224 and @entity11667 content was detected in leaf incubated with exogenous @entity8037 . Leaves also responded to chilling, salt and @entity2656 by increasing the levels of the cellular @entity4664 content, in which the level of @entity8037 in free and conjugated forms increased most profoundly.

title: Up-regulation of @entity369 decarboxylase gene expression and accumulation of @entity4663 in mustard ( XXXX )in response to stress.

answer: @entity13344 :: (3707,Species) :: ['Brassica juncea']


abstract: @entity369 decarboxylase (ADC) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of @entity4663 , which have been implicated in a wide range of plant responses, including stress. However, regulation of @entity4664 levels in relation to ADC in response to stress at the molecular level is not well understood. In an attempt to address this question, we first cloned two cDNAs in mustard ( @entity13344 _ Coss var. @entity13344 ), designated MADC2 and MADC3, encoding predicted ADC. MADC2 and MADC3 encode polypeptides of 692 and 680 @entity535 residues, respectively. A comparison of deduced @entity535 sequence revealed that both were highly homologous to MADC1 (77%), a mustard ADC, and other plant ADCs (63-84%). Northern analysis revealed that ADC transcripts in mustard were generally more abundant in stem and root but were barely detectable in leaf. However, ADC expression in the leaf was up-regulated differentially in response to stress such as chilling, salt and @entity2656 and to treatments with exogenous @entity4663 . While chilling induced expression of all three ADC genes, salt predominantly resulted in increased accumulation of MADC3 transcript. Leaves exhibited a similar response to exogenous @entity7224 , @entity11667 and @entity8037 , all of which stimulated accumulation of MADC2 and MADC3 transcripts but not MADC1. Furthermore, exogenous @entity7224 also increased the endogenous levels of @entity11667 and @entity8037 , while a higher endogenous @entity7224 and @entity11667 content was detected in leaf incubated with exogenous @entity8037 . Leaves also responded to chilling, salt and @entity2656 by increasing the levels of the cellular @entity4664 content, in which the level of @entity8037 in free and conjugated forms increased most profoundly.

title: Up-regulation of XXXX decarboxylase gene expression and accumulation of @entity4663 in mustard ( @entity13344 )in response to stress.

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: The Kok effect refers to the progressive light-induced inhibition of dark respiration at low light intensities, which saturates around the light compensation point. This appears as a sudden break around the light compensation point in the plot of photosynthesis versus light intensity. The magnitude of the break can be considered as a measure of the Kok effect. In the present work, the importance of different components of dark respiration during the Kok effect was investigated by using low concentrations of mitochondrial inhibitors in leaf discs of @entity3587 ( @entity3587 . cv. Azad P1). The effects of @entity413 (stimulates respiration) and 0.8 M @entity5121 (imposes osmotic stress and inhibits photosynthesis) were also studied for comparison. The magnitude of the break decreased significantly in the presence of @entity8581 or @entity4626 (inhibitors of cytochrome pathway of mitochondrial electron transport and @entity855 synthase, respectively). In contrast, there was no significant change with @entity33904 ( @entity33904 ; an inhibitor of alternative pathway of mitochondrial electron transport). The magnitude of the break increased significantly with @entity413 , and decreased on exposure to osmotic stress. Our results suggest that the Kok effect (inhibition of dark respiration in light) is modulated by inhibitors of cytochrome pathway and @entity855 synthesis, but not that of the alternative pathway.

title: Importance of the cytochrome pathway of mitochondrial electron transport over the alternative pathway during the Kok effect in leaf discs of XXXX ( @entity3587 ).

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

entities_list: @entity33904 :: ('MESH:C005703', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylhydroxamic acid', 'SHAM']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum L', 'pea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['pea']


abstract: The Kok effect refers to the progressive light-induced inhibition of dark respiration at low light intensities, which saturates around the light compensation point. This appears as a sudden break around the light compensation point in the plot of photosynthesis versus light intensity. The magnitude of the break can be considered as a measure of the Kok effect. In the present work, the importance of different components of dark respiration during the Kok effect was investigated by using low concentrations of mitochondrial inhibitors in leaf discs of @entity3587 ( @entity3587 . cv. Azad P1). The effects of @entity413 (stimulates respiration) and 0.8 M @entity5121 (imposes osmotic stress and inhibits photosynthesis) were also studied for comparison. The magnitude of the break decreased significantly in the presence of @entity8581 or @entity4626 (inhibitors of cytochrome pathway of mitochondrial electron transport and @entity855 synthase, respectively). In contrast, there was no significant change with @entity33904 ( @entity33904 ; an inhibitor of alternative pathway of mitochondrial electron transport). The magnitude of the break increased significantly with @entity413 , and decreased on exposure to osmotic stress. Our results suggest that the Kok effect (inhibition of dark respiration in light) is modulated by inhibitors of cytochrome pathway and @entity855 synthesis, but not that of the alternative pathway.

title: Importance of the cytochrome pathway of mitochondrial electron transport over the alternative pathway during the Kok effect in leaf discs of @entity3587 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['Pisum sativum']


abstract: @entity7062 (DDAVP) increases plasma factor VIII coagulant activity ( @entity2801 :C) levels in @entity1 with mild/moderate @entity447 . In some subjects, @entity2801 can be increased to haemostatic levels, thereby avoiding use of factor VIII concentrates. We reviewed our hospital's experience with 62 @entity1 with @entity2801 :C levels 0.01-0.3 IU/ml who had a DDAVP challenge test (i.v. 0.3 microg/kg) following diagnosis. A therapeutic response was defined as a 1 h post- @entity2801 :C increase at least twofold over baseline and > 0.3 IU/ml. Of the total group, 29 (47%) @entity1 responded to DDAVP, all of them with mild @entity447 (baseline @entity2801 :C > or = 0.05 IU/ml), yielding a response rate of 57% in this subgroup. @entity1 who responded to @entity7062 had higher baseline @entity2801 :C levels (mean +/- SEM, 0.17 +/- 0.01 vs 0.10 +/- 0.01 IU/ml, P < 0.01) and were older (5.2 +/- 0.8 vs 3 +/- 0.4 years, P = 0.02) than those who failed to do so. The association between DDAVP response and age, however, remains unclear: seven @entity1 who failed the initial challenge test responded to re-challenge after a mean of 6.3 years (median 4.9, range 0.5-12.5), increasing the response rate in @entity1 with mild @entity447 to 71%. Age and @entity2801 :C association with DDAVP response are both important in @entity1 with mild/moderate @entity447 . Absence of response to DDAVP should therefore be confirmed by later re-challenge.

title: DDAVP challenge tests in @entity1 with mild/moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Boys', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['DDAVP', 'Desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia A']


abstract: @entity7062 (DDAVP) increases plasma factor VIII coagulant activity ( @entity2801 :C) levels in @entity1 with mild/moderate @entity447 . In some subjects, @entity2801 can be increased to haemostatic levels, thereby avoiding use of factor VIII concentrates. We reviewed our hospital's experience with 62 @entity1 with @entity2801 :C levels 0.01-0.3 IU/ml who had a DDAVP challenge test (i.v. 0.3 microg/kg) following diagnosis. A therapeutic response was defined as a 1 h post- @entity2801 :C increase at least twofold over baseline and > 0.3 IU/ml. Of the total group, 29 (47%) @entity1 responded to DDAVP, all of them with mild @entity447 (baseline @entity2801 :C > or = 0.05 IU/ml), yielding a response rate of 57% in this subgroup. @entity1 who responded to @entity7062 had higher baseline @entity2801 :C levels (mean +/- SEM, 0.17 +/- 0.01 vs 0.10 +/- 0.01 IU/ml, P < 0.01) and were older (5.2 +/- 0.8 vs 3 +/- 0.4 years, P = 0.02) than those who failed to do so. The association between DDAVP response and age, however, remains unclear: seven @entity1 who failed the initial challenge test responded to re-challenge after a mean of 6.3 years (median 4.9, range 0.5-12.5), increasing the response rate in @entity1 with mild @entity447 to 71%. Age and @entity2801 :C association with DDAVP response are both important in @entity1 with mild/moderate @entity447 . Absence of response to DDAVP should therefore be confirmed by later re-challenge.

title: DDAVP challenge tests in XXXX with mild/moderate @entity447 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: Gastro-allergic @entity12590 has been reported as an entity in which an acute @entity4801 by @entity1542 is accompanied by an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated @entity56 . Serum samples were obtained from 24 @entity1 within 24 h after the onset of symptoms (day 0) and after 1 month (day 30) and in 13 @entity1 after 6 months. Total IgE was assessed by the Imx method. Specific IgE was assessed by CAP-FEIA. Specific IgM, IgG, IgG4 and IgA antibodies were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against crude extract (CE) and excretory-secretory products (ESP). IgE immunoblotting (IB) was directed against CE or ESP (day 0 and day 30). We found a rise of total IgE, specific IgE, number of bands in IgE-IB, IgG and IgG4 between day 0 and day 30 with a fall to near basal levels after 6 months. IgM levels were highest at day 0, falling over the next 6 months and IgA levels remained almost unchanged. Correlation studies revealed a parallel stimulation of nearly all Ig isotypes, except IgM anti-ESP, whose antibody levels correlated negatively with specific IgG levels. We found an extension of the IgE antibody repertoire in IB. We conclude that the allergic IgE-mediated reaction in the course of gastro-allergic @entity12590 involves a parallel secondary Th2 type memory response and a primary immunologic stimulation of both Th2 and @entity1198 lymphocyte subsets against previously unrecognized antigens.

title: Gastro-allergic XXXX as a consequence of simultaneous primary and secondary immune response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity12590 :: (MESH:D017129,Disease) :: ['anisakiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Epidemiologic Registry of @entity1577 (ERCF) was a multicentre, longitudinal follow-up project of @entity1577 @entity1 enrolled at some 200 centres in nine European countries between 1994 and 1999. PURPOSE: We aimed to assess and improve the quality of a subset of data from the ERCF relating to seven English centres (1184 @entity1 ), prior to using the data for a long-term cost-effectiveness analysis of dornase alfa (Pulmozyme). Specifically we wanted to assess the completeness and accuracy of the data and the comparability of cases across centres. METHODS: We used a subset of ERCF data relating to seven @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) centres. Following initial data editing, key variable data from a sample of @entity1 from five centres were subjected to a detailed verification of ERCF data against original data sources available in the centres. Disagreements between ERCF reports and original data sources were identified and corrected in the study dataset. In addition, centre staff were questioned about relevant clinical and recording practices. RESULTS: Thanks to detailed routine data checking procedures on key variables operated by the ERCF, the rates of disagreement between ERCF data and original data as identified in our verification process on the assessed variables are generally low (0.4-3.7%). Some outcome variables ( @entity204 , hospitalisations) seem to be under-reported by some centres. Episodes of pulmonary exacerbation are difficult to identify and also to verify. Twenty-four @entity1 were registered twice (consecutively in two different centres). There were some differences between centres in their interpretation of recording rules. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers seeking to use disease registry data should consider detailed data quality review processes. Apart from data accuracy, reliable definitions of both critical events as well as their timing are important. The degree of under-reporting, particularly of outcome variables, should be estimated. Information on local clinical and reporting practices is necessary to interpret multi-centre data. Data protection issues may limit the possibilities for detailed data quality assessments of secondary data, as does the accessibility of original data for verification purposes. Our experiences and recommendations may be valuable for those intending to use disease registry data as well as those devising and operating such registries.

title: Using disease registries for pharmacoepidemiological research: a case study of data from a XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['UK cystic fibrosis', 'CF', 'cystic fibrosis', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: An adenylyl cyclase gene (cyaA) present upstream of an osmosensor protein gene (mokA) was isolated from @entity4986 . cyaA encoded a polypeptide of 843 @entity1522 with a predicted molecular mass of 91,187 Da. The predicted cyaA gene product had structural similarity to the receptor-type adenylyl cyclases that are composed of an @entity1472 -terminal sensor domain and a @entity1473 -terminal catalytic domain of adenylyl cyclase. In reverse transcriptase PCR experiments, the transcript of the cyaA gene was detected mainly during development and spore germination. A cyaA mutant, generated by gene disruption, showed normal growth, development, and germination. However, a cyaA mutant placed under conditions of ionic ( @entity1219 ) or nonionic ( @entity969 ) osmostress exhibited a marked reduction in spore formation and spore germination. When wild-type and cyaA mutant cells at developmental stages were stimulated with 0.2 M @entity1219 or @entity969 , the mutant cells increased @entity1919 accumulation at levels similar to those of the wild-type cells. In contrast, the mutant cells during spore germination had mainly lost the ability to respond to high-ionic osmolarity. In vegetative cells, the cyaA mutant responded normally to osmotic stress. These results suggested that @entity4986 CyaA functions mainly as an ionic osmosensor during spore germination and that CyaA is also required for osmotic tolerance in fruiting formation and sporulation.

title: An adenylyl cyclase, CyaA, of XXXX functions in signal transduction during osmotic stress.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4986 :: ('34', 'Species') :: ['M. xanthus', 'Myxococcus xanthus']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity4986 :: (34,Species) :: ['Myxococcus xanthus']


abstract: Between November 1994 and June 2001, 194 @entity1 with @entity699 underwent transsphenoidal surgery: 167 @entity1 had adenomectomy, 14 had ante hypophysectomy, 5 had subtotal hypophysectomy, 4 had hemihypophysectomy 4 had central hypophysectomy. Complications occurred in 18 @entity1 (9.3%), including 4 deaths (three were apparently not related to surgery). Remission of disease was achieved in 162 of 190 (85.3%) @entity1 analyzed. @entity177 were associated with lack of @entity977 , size of the @entity5 and invasiveness. Among @entity1 with confirmed @entity652 , the rate of remission was significantly higher (p<0.01) in @entity1 with microadenomas (92.6%) than in @entity1 with macroadenomas (66.7%). Reoperation in 6 failures was followed by remission in 4 cases. The overall remission rate was 87.4%. In the 162 @entity1 with immediate success, duration of follow-up was 10.0 +/- 5.9 years (m +/- DS; median=10.0). Recurrence of the disease occurred in 24 (14.8%) of 162 @entity1 at a mean 4.8 years (range: 0.8-12.0 years). Our longest sustained remission is 25.6 years. Actuarial analysis indicates that the probability of a @entity1 remaining well 12 years after surgery is 80.0%. It is 86.2% in microadenomas versus 52.5% in macroadenomas and 94.5% in the @entity1 with @entity86 versus 59.2% in the others.

title: [ XXXX and corticotrophic adenoma: results of pituitary microsurgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical failures']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypocortisolism']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: With a 0.5 kb probe of CX2, distribution of CX2 tandem repeats was studied in different @entity5132 strains. Results suggest that all the @entity5132 strains tested contained the tandem repeat. In order to verify if the expression of CX2 was hyphal specific, its expression was analyzed under various inductive and non-inductive conditions. With CX2 0.5 kb probe, Northern hybridization analysis confirmed that it was specifically in hyphae. The result of chromosomal localizationtion and genomic Southern blot analysis suggested that there were other genes containing the tandem repeat besides of ALS1. A @entity5132 s genomic DNA library was screened with the CX2 0.5 kb probe and several positive recombinant lambda phages were obtained. After endonuclease identification, subcloning, and sequence analysis, several @entity2655 family genes were cloned. No.1 @entity5999 DNA contained ALS4, No.4 @entity5999 DNA contained ALS1, No.6 @entity5999 DNA contained ALS3. To study the role of @entity2655 family genes in @entity375 -hyphal transition, als1/ALS1 mutant was constructed by homologous recombination. The ability to form hyphae was tested in different inductive culturing conditions. Defective hyphal growth were observed in some solid media.

title: Cloning and Functional Analysis of XXXX Family Genes from @entity5132 .

answer: @entity2655 :: (MESH:C565957,Disease) :: ['ALS']


abstract: With a 0.5 kb probe of CX2, distribution of CX2 tandem repeats was studied in different @entity5132 strains. Results suggest that all the @entity5132 strains tested contained the tandem repeat. In order to verify if the expression of CX2 was hyphal specific, its expression was analyzed under various inductive and non-inductive conditions. With CX2 0.5 kb probe, Northern hybridization analysis confirmed that it was specifically in hyphae. The result of chromosomal localizationtion and genomic Southern blot analysis suggested that there were other genes containing the tandem repeat besides of ALS1. A @entity5132 s genomic DNA library was screened with the CX2 0.5 kb probe and several positive recombinant lambda phages were obtained. After endonuclease identification, subcloning, and sequence analysis, several @entity2655 family genes were cloned. No.1 @entity5999 DNA contained ALS4, No.4 @entity5999 DNA contained ALS1, No.6 @entity5999 DNA contained ALS3. To study the role of @entity2655 family genes in @entity375 -hyphal transition, als1/ALS1 mutant was constructed by homologous recombination. The ability to form hyphae was tested in different inductive culturing conditions. Defective hyphal growth were observed in some solid media.

title: Cloning and Functional Analysis of @entity2655 Family Genes from XXXX .

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapeutic angiogenesis, if combined with primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or stent placement, could improve the outcome of @entity1 suffering from multifocal @entity301 . HYPOTHESIS: Because of the concern that angiogenic growth factors might promote restenosis, we studied the effect of a single intracoronary administration of recombinant fibroblast growth factor (rFGF)-2 on restenosis after @entity661 and stent placement in a @entity1707 model of @entity453 . METHODS: In 24 Yucatan minipigs, coronary lesions were induced by @entity1317 and 3 months of atherogenic diet. After 3 months, repeat catheterization was performed with @entity384 or stent placement at the injured sites, with a follow-up of 6 weeks. Results were monitored using quantitative angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and histomorphometry. RESULTS: Intracoronary @entity664 2 microg/kg did not affect neointima @entity8233 or remodeling in this model. A small but significant aggravation of late lumen loss was observed in the reference segments of the @entity664 -treated group. Angiographic and echographic late lumen loss, intimal @entity1373 , and arterial remodeling, as well as histologic neointima were all similar in the @entity664 - and the vehicle-treated group. Confirming earlier studies from our group and those of others, stented arteries compared with balloon-dilated arteries had increased angiographic late lumen loss, a trend toward increased intimal @entity1373 and decreased remodeling. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity664 does not aggravate restenosis after @entity384 or stenting in this @entity1707 model of @entity453 . Future combinations of angioplasty and therapeutic angiogenesis in a single session should be pursued as a feasible and safe strategy.

title: The effect of intracoronary fibroblast growth factor-2 on restenosis after primary angioplasty or stent placement in a XXXX model of atherosclerosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['formation']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of extraneous factors have been implicated in the effectiveness of treatment of @entity10 , including @entity1 beliefs about aspects of the treatment or @entity1 delivering the treatment. OBJECTIVE: The concept of external locus of control for @entity10 refers to @entity1 with a high level of belief that @entity10 and relief are influenced primarily by health care professionals. The aim of this study was to examine whether external locus of control is associated with a reduction in frequency of @entity12417 among @entity1 treated by a physiotherapist. DESIGN: A recent randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of physiotherapy among 200 @entity1 with @entity10 enabled a test of this relationship. Treatment consisted of manipulative therapy, therapeutic exercise, or a combination of the 2. Analysis of relative change in @entity10 frequency was conducted after 6 weeks of treatment and at 3- and 12-month follow-up appointments. RESULTS: Results of the analysis indicated that @entity1 with relatively high external Headache-Specific Locus of Control scores were more likely to achieve a reduction in @entity10 frequency if they received the combined manipulative therapy and exercise therapy, compared with those who received no treatment. This was not determined for the group who received manipulative therapy, which is a treatment received passively by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The interpretation of these findings is considered in the context of nongeneralization to the other physiotherapy treatment groups and sustained reduction in @entity10 frequency following withdrawal of treatment. The pattern of findings suggests that characteristics of the therapy were more pertinent than characteristics of the therapist.

title: Cervicogenic XXXX : locus of control and success of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['cervicogenic headaches']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: A survey was conducted to ascertain practice patterns for @entity447 A therapy in the United States. Questionnaire data were supplied by 52 @entity447 centres with a total of 4129 @entity1 under treatment. Most participating centres were affiliated with academic/teaching hospitals or institutions. @entity1 below 5 years comprised 17% of the study population, 6-18 years 41% and >18 years 42%, and the apportionment across severity categories was 53% severe, 17% moderate and 30% mild. Among @entity1 with severe @entity447 , 49% were receiving on-demand treatment, while 44% were receiving some form of prophylaxis (13% primary, 20% secondary and 11% tertiary). Primary prophylaxis was the most common type in @entity1 below 5 years of age, accounting for 25% of this age group. In @entity1 6-18 years old, 58% were on some type of prophylactic regimen, while on-demand treatment was most frequent among adults. Difficulties of venous access were the most frequently cited barrier to instituting prophylaxis. Catheters were in use among 37% of the @entity1 under primary prophylaxis and 14% of those on secondary prophylaxis. No major differences were observed in forms of therapy used between larger and smaller centres. These observations provide an extensive characterization of @entity447 A practice patterns in the United States.

title: Practice patterns in XXXX A therapy--a survey of treatment centres in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep is a risk factor for @entity1576 in @entity1 with chronic @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ). OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic value of monitoring sleep parameters in addition to nocturnal respiratory parameters. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with chronic @entity4094 underwent whole-night polysomnograms including EMG from accessory respiratory muscles. RESULTS: Sleep macrostructure was normal on average. The number of respiratory arousals per hour of sleep was above the upper limit observed in a control group (>2.1) in 71% of the @entity1 , but was moderate in most cases. Nadir @entity26 saturation <85% was the most common finding indicating @entity1576 and was present in 80% of the @entity1 . Noninvasive blood gas monitoring identified all but 2 @entity1 with respiratory-induced @entity25 . The respiratory arousal rate was correlated with the @entity26 desaturation index, but otherwise there were no significant correlations between @entity1576 . Vital capacity was significantly positively correlated with obstructive @entity386 index and daytime base excess to nadir @entity26 saturation. Inspiratory activity in accessory respiratory muscles was present during REM sleep and/or slow wave sleep in 70% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The severity of nocturnal @entity1576 is not reflected in the extent of @entity25 in @entity1 with chronic @entity4094 .

title: Polysomnography in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases', 'NMD']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'sleep and nocturnal respiratory parameters', 'respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep impairment', 'sleep abnormalities']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular disease']


abstract: AIMS: Chiropractic manipulation is mostly used for spinal problems but, in an increasing number of cases, also for non-spinal conditions. This systematic review is aimed at critically evaluating the evidence for or against the effectiveness of this approach. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched for all randomised clinical trials of chiropractic manipulation as a treatment of non-spinal @entity158 . They were evaluated according to standardised criteria. RESULTS: Eight such studies were identified. They related to the following conditions: @entity239 , @entity923 , @entity2172 , dysmenorrhoea and chronic @entity2371 . Their methodological quality ranged from mostly poor to excellent. Their findings do not demonstrate that chiropractic manipulation is an effective therapy for any of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Only very few randomised clinical trials of chiropractic manipulation as a treatment of non-spinal conditions exist. The claim that this approach is effective for such conditions is not based on data from rigorous clinical trials.

title: Chiropractic manipulation for non-spinal XXXX --a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['infantile colic, otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: SEM was used to visualize the normal postnatal development of the neonatal @entity35 neuromuscular junction (nmj). Maturational changes evoked by ACTH/MSH 4-10 (10 micrograms/kg/day IP) or ACTH/MSH 4-9 ( @entity14480 ) (0.01 microgram/kg/day IP) were compared to controls and to pups treated with @entity1239 during prenatal and postnatal life, or only during the gestation period. Pregnant females received 0.25 mg/kg 2X daily IP; neonates 0.05 mg/kg/day SC. The Desaki and Uehara and Fahim et al. methods revealed the nmj on the extensor digitorum muscle to be covered by a delicate drapery of postjunctional folds that surround the immature endplate region. By the second week of postnatal life, these folds become more complex and cover a larger area. Upon maturation the folds descend and invaginate into the muscle fiber. Peptide treatment with either ACTH/MSH 4-10 or ACTH/MSH 4-9 accelerates maturation of the endplate as demonstrated by the increased convolutions of the folds. Similar effects follow @entity1239 administration. The observed changes in morphology of the developing nmj subjected to @entity1239 may be mediated through @entity1239 -evoked ACTH release.

title: ACTH peptides as organizers of neuronal patterns in development: maturation of the XXXX neuromuscular junction as seen by scanning electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: During embryonic development, @entity2419 mesenchymal cells exhibit differential growth rates. Normal palatal growth is regulated in part by hormones and growth factors. Because hormonal responsiveness of some cells correlates with their cell density, we have investigated the relationship between @entity2419 mesenchymal cell population density and their ability to synthesize @entity2918 (PGs) and @entity1919 . Primary cultures of palate mesenchymal cells exhibited typical lag, log, and stationary phases of growth with a doubling time of 32-34 hrs. The ability of cells to produce PGE2 in response to a @entity460 ionophore ( @entity3365 ), an activator of @entity3900 (melittin), @entity1426 , or serum was maximal during the period of early exponential growth. @entity3774 alpha synthesis in response to @entity3365 or @entity1426 showed a similar transient increase also corresponding temporally to the period of early exponential growth. The ability to synthesize PGF2 alpha in response to melittin, however, failed to diminish after early exponential growth. The pattern of @entity268 synthesis in response to @entity3044 and @entity5015 was different from that seen for induced prostaglandin synthesis. A transient increase in sensitivity to @entity3044 and @entity5015 was seen that corresponded temporally to the period of late exponential growth just prior to attainment of confluency. Decreased sensitivity to stimulation of either @entity3009 or @entity268 production as the cells became confluent was shown to be a density-dependent phenomenon; confluent cultures that were subcultured to reestablish logarithmic growth exhibited density-dependent hormonal responses identical to those seen in primary cultures. The ability of palate mesenchymal cells to synthesize both @entity2918 and @entity268 , thought to be critical for proper palatal development, might thus be related to local differential craniofacial growth rates.

title: Synthesis of @entity2918 and XXXX by cultured @entity2419 mesenchyme at various population densities.

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin F2']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic palate', 'facial and palate']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: During embryonic development, @entity2419 mesenchymal cells exhibit differential growth rates. Normal palatal growth is regulated in part by hormones and growth factors. Because hormonal responsiveness of some cells correlates with their cell density, we have investigated the relationship between @entity2419 mesenchymal cell population density and their ability to synthesize @entity2918 (PGs) and @entity1919 . Primary cultures of palate mesenchymal cells exhibited typical lag, log, and stationary phases of growth with a doubling time of 32-34 hrs. The ability of cells to produce PGE2 in response to a @entity460 ionophore ( @entity3365 ), an activator of @entity3900 (melittin), @entity1426 , or serum was maximal during the period of early exponential growth. @entity3774 alpha synthesis in response to @entity3365 or @entity1426 showed a similar transient increase also corresponding temporally to the period of early exponential growth. The ability to synthesize PGF2 alpha in response to melittin, however, failed to diminish after early exponential growth. The pattern of @entity268 synthesis in response to @entity3044 and @entity5015 was different from that seen for induced prostaglandin synthesis. A transient increase in sensitivity to @entity3044 and @entity5015 was seen that corresponded temporally to the period of late exponential growth just prior to attainment of confluency. Decreased sensitivity to stimulation of either @entity3009 or @entity268 production as the cells became confluent was shown to be a density-dependent phenomenon; confluent cultures that were subcultured to reestablish logarithmic growth exhibited density-dependent hormonal responses identical to those seen in primary cultures. The ability of palate mesenchymal cells to synthesize both @entity2918 and @entity268 , thought to be critical for proper palatal development, might thus be related to local differential craniofacial growth rates.

title: Synthesis of @entity2918 and @entity1919 by cultured XXXX mesenchyme at various population densities.

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['embryonic palate']