abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of @entity2636 stent placement in adults with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity2636 stents were placed under fluoroscopic guidance in 52 eyes of 49 @entity1 (mean age, 43 years) with severe @entity9467 due to idiopathic nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The obstruction was complete in 44 eyes and partial in eight. Clinical success was defined as complete resolution of or great improvement in the symptoms of @entity9467 and the patency of the lacrimal system to irrigation. Mean follow-up was 23 months (range, 14-44 months). RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in 50 eyes (96%). The mean fluoroscopy screening time was 2.2 min (range, 0.2-5.8 min). Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Clinical success was obtained in 33 (69%) of 48 eyes. Lacrimal symptoms developed in 23 (70%) of these 33 eyes at least once during the follow-up, but these @entity1 responded well to topical drug treatment and lacrimal irrigation. External dacryocystorhinostomy was performed in 13 eyes after failure of the stents. At surgery, lacrimal sacs were shrunken, hyperemic, and fragile in all eyes, making it difficult to anastomose with nasal mucosa. Histologic examination showed granulation tissue and chronic inflammation of the sac epithelium. CONCLUSION: The success rate of the nasolacrimal stent decreases as follow-up lengthens. After stent treatment, lacrimal symptoms frequently develop, even if the stent remains patent, and require multiple office visits and therapy. The @entity2636 stent may induce a chronic inflammatory response in the lacrimal sac, which can interfere with subsequent dacryocystorhinostomy.

title: Treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with XXXX stent placement: long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane', 'Polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: We have reported that @entity1 @entity11 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity1313 express mRNA and protein for the @entity9597 chain, a primary @entity3646 -binding protein. However, whether @entity9597 are expressed in @entity1313 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity9597 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity9597 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity9597 chain (also known as @entity9597 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity1313 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity463 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity1313 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity9597 . In contrast, although @entity9597 mRNA was expressed, no @entity9597 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity1 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity9597 chain. @entity9597 expression was also demonstrated on @entity816 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity3646 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity3646 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity9597 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity1 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity1 @entity1313 in situ overexpress @entity9597 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity9597 in @entity1313 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) receptors in @entity1 @entity1313 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity3646 cytotoxin in primary XXXX cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity9597 :: ('3566', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4Ralpha', 'IL-4R', 'interleukin-4 receptors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs) tumors']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: We have reported that @entity1 @entity11 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity1313 express mRNA and protein for the @entity9597 chain, a primary @entity3646 -binding protein. However, whether @entity9597 are expressed in @entity1313 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity9597 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity9597 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity9597 chain (also known as @entity9597 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity1313 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity463 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity1313 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity9597 . In contrast, although @entity9597 mRNA was expressed, no @entity9597 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity1 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity9597 chain. @entity9597 expression was also demonstrated on @entity816 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity3646 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity3646 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity9597 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity1 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity1 @entity1313 in situ overexpress @entity9597 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity9597 in @entity1313 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of XXXX ( @entity3646 ) receptors in @entity1 @entity1313 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity3646 cytotoxin in primary @entity463 cell cultures.

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: We have reported that @entity1 @entity11 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity1313 express mRNA and protein for the @entity9597 chain, a primary @entity3646 -binding protein. However, whether @entity9597 are expressed in @entity1313 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity9597 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity9597 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity9597 chain (also known as @entity9597 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity1313 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity463 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity1313 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity9597 . In contrast, although @entity9597 mRNA was expressed, no @entity9597 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity1 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity9597 chain. @entity9597 expression was also demonstrated on @entity816 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity3646 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity3646 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity9597 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity1 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity1 @entity1313 in situ overexpress @entity9597 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity9597 in @entity1313 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity3646 ( XXXX ) receptors in @entity1 @entity1313 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity3646 cytotoxin in primary @entity463 cell cultures.

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: We have reported that @entity1 @entity11 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity1313 express mRNA and protein for the @entity9597 chain, a primary @entity3646 -binding protein. However, whether @entity9597 are expressed in @entity1313 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity9597 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity9597 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity9597 chain (also known as @entity9597 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity1313 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity463 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity1313 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity9597 . In contrast, although @entity9597 mRNA was expressed, no @entity9597 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity1 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity9597 chain. @entity9597 expression was also demonstrated on @entity816 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity3646 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity3646 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity9597 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity1 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity1 @entity1313 in situ overexpress @entity9597 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity9597 in @entity1313 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) receptors in @entity1 @entity1313 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant XXXX cytotoxin in primary @entity463 cell cultures.

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: We have reported that @entity1 @entity11 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity1313 express mRNA and protein for the @entity9597 chain, a primary @entity3646 -binding protein. However, whether @entity9597 are expressed in @entity1313 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity9597 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity9597 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity9597 chain (also known as @entity9597 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity1313 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity463 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity1313 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity9597 . In contrast, although @entity9597 mRNA was expressed, no @entity9597 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity1 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity9597 chain. @entity9597 expression was also demonstrated on @entity816 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity3646 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity3646 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity9597 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity1 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity1 @entity1313 in situ overexpress @entity9597 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity9597 in @entity1313 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) receptors in @entity1 XXXX and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity3646 cytotoxin in primary @entity463 cell cultures.

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: We have reported that @entity1 @entity11 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity1313 express mRNA and protein for the @entity9597 chain, a primary @entity3646 -binding protein. However, whether @entity9597 are expressed in @entity1313 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity9597 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity9597 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity9597 chain (also known as @entity9597 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity1313 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity463 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity1313 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity9597 . In contrast, although @entity9597 mRNA was expressed, no @entity9597 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity1 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity9597 chain. @entity9597 expression was also demonstrated on @entity816 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity3646 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity3646 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity9597 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity1 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity1 @entity1313 in situ overexpress @entity9597 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity9597 in @entity1313 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) receptors in XXXX @entity1313 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity3646 cytotoxin in primary @entity463 cell cultures.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 11 @entity1 with intraosseous @entity808 of the jaw, with the purpose of improve its diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: 11 @entity1 with intraosseous @entity808 of the jaw treated from January 1993 to February 2002 were reviewed, including the clinical features, pathological findings, immunohistochemical findings, imaging examinations and treatment methods. 8 @entity1 with benign lesions were treated with radical curettage and cautery. 2 @entity1 with mandibular malignant lesions were treated with extended resection and neck dissection. 1 @entity1 with @entity5 concomitant with neurofibrostosis was treated with extensive resection and middle split skin graft and neck dissection, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. RESULTS: The lesions were located in the maxilla in 5 @entity1 (1 was malignant). 6 @entity1 had mandibular lesions (2 were malignant). The X ray findings had some specificity. 10 @entity1 were followed up for 7 to 122 months without recurrence. 1 @entity1 with @entity5 died of multiple @entity3 11 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intraosseous @entity808 of the jaw was rarely seen clinically. CT, MRI and fine needle aspiration biopsy were beneficial for early diagnosis. Surgery is still the dominant choice of treatment. The prognosis of the @entity1 was generally good. Adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy had limited value, especially for @entity1 with neurofibrostosis. A novel regime called CYVADICDE was recently invoked much clinical interest.

title: [Intraosseous XXXX of the jaw: report of 11 consecutive cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary malignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurilemmoma']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['neurilemmoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal computed tomographic scanning (ACTS) has recently been shown to be an accurate diagnostic tool for @entity698 and may improve the negative exploration rate in our @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 224 @entity1 evaluated for @entity698 during 1998. Forty-two @entity1 underwent appendectomy on clinical grounds alone (Group I), 182 @entity1 underwent ACTS (Group II), and 79 @entity1 in Group II were explored for @entity698 . Diagnostic errors, alternative diagnoses, and perforation rates were noted. RESULTS: There were five negative explorations in Group I (11.9%) and five in Group II (6.3%), resulting in a combined negative rate of 8.3%. The negative exploration rate in @entity1 was 23.5% in Group I and 5.3% in Group II (P = 0.07), producing a combined negative rate of 10.9%. Fifty-eight alternative diagnoses were made by ACTS. The ACTS made a critical difference in the management of 67% of @entity1 over 50 years of age and in 79% of Group II @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The negative exploration rate for @entity698 at our institution fell from 13.6 to 8.3% with selective use of ACTS. The most striking benefit occurred in @entity1 and in @entity1 over 50 years of age.

title: Impact of abdominal CT imaging on the management of XXXX : an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The presence of nodal metastatic disease in @entity135 is the foremost prognostic factor. Although neck dissection is the surgical gold standard for the treatment of cervical lymphatic spread, the paratracheal nodal group is not routinely included in the dissection. The study determined the nodal yield, presence of @entity3 , and prognostic importance of paratracheal nodes in @entity1 with advanced @entity189 of the upper aerodigestive tract. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histological and survival analysis. METHODS: Over a 4-year period (October 1994-June 1998), consecutive @entity1 undergoing laryngectomy with or without pharyngectomy or cervical esophagectomy underwent paratracheal node dissection on a prospective basis. Nodal tissue was examined for the presence of @entity3 . Statistical comparison of survival probability was determined by use of log-rank/chi2 test. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 have been included in the study to date, with a minimal follow-up of 3 years. The average number of paratracheal nodes dissected was three per side (range, 1-5). Thirteen (26%) @entity1 demonstrated histological evidence of paratracheal nodal @entity3 (larynx, 20%; postcricoid/cervical esophageal region, 43%). Five @entity1 (10%) had positive paratracheal nodes alone in a histologically negative cervical neck dissection. The majority of positive paratracheal nodes were less than 1 cm in diameter and appeared negative preoperatively. The absence of positive paratracheal nodes may have a survival benefit. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the propensity of advanced @entity189 of the upper aerodigestive tract to involve the paratracheal nodes. This area should be routinely dissected in the surgical management of these @entity5 .

title: Paratracheal lymph node involvement in advanced XXXX of the larynx, hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The preoperative staging of @entity2 can be problematical when we attempt to evaluate T factor (T2-T3 versus T4) and N factor (N0 versus N1-N2). In some cases, radiology tests (CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging) cannot entirely dispel the possibility that the mediastinal structures have been infiltrated. N factor is evaluated mainly by dimensional criteria. However, mediastinoscopy and mediastinotomy do not allow the full exploration of all mediastinal mode stations. METHOD: Starting in 1995, we submitted 10 consecutive @entity1 to videothoracoscopic operative staging with ultrasound color Doppler (VOS-USCD). In five cases, preoperative staging showed possible infiltration of the pulmonary artery (T4). In nine cases, we found involvement of the mediastinal nodes, seven @entity1 were N2, and two were N3. Videothoracoscopy was performed under general anesthesia using a double-lumen endotracheal tube. The videothoracoscope and sonographic probe were inserted via three thoracoports placed in the axillary triangle. RESULTS: Following the results of VOS-USCD, the staging and subsequently the therapeutic program were modified in seven of 10 cases (70%). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience indicates that VOS-USCD should be applied to the diagnosis of @entity1 in stage IIIA (N2) and that it is particularly valuable for @entity1 in stage IIIB.

title: Endothoracic sonography with color Doppler availability during video assisted thoracic surgery (videothoracoscopic operative staging with ultrasound color Doppler) for XXXX staging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) therapy on @entity1188 size and left ventricular function when used as an adjuvant therapy to primary angioplasty. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Cardiac intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity583 for whom primary angioplasty was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible @entity1 were randomized by a blinded pharmacist to GIK solution (30% @entity413 in water with insulin 50 U/L, and KCl 40 mM/L) vs. placebo at 1.5 mL/kg/hr for 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Tc 99m sestamibi myocardial scintigraphy was performed at admission and at 3 months. Primary end points were the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the size of salvaged myocardium. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. At the 3-month follow-up, a significant overall decrease in @entity1188 size (37 +/- 16% vs. 12 +/- 10%, p <.005) and an increase in LVEF (34 +/- 13% vs. 49 +/- 9%, p =.005) were observed. @entity1 randomized to GIK solution experienced a significant increase in their LVEF at 3 months (39 +/- 12 to 51 +/- 13, p =.002). @entity1 who received placebo had no significant differences between baseline and 3-month measurements (44 +/- 13 vs. 49 +/- 14, p = NS). There was a trend toward an increase in myocardial salvage in the GIK group, which did not reach statistical significance. When @entity1 from both groups were compared directly, differences in LVEF improvement were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: GIK solution did not improve LVEF or decrease the @entity1188 size among @entity1 undergoing primary angioplasty.

title: Effects of @entity413 -insulin- XXXX solution on myocardial salvage and left ventricular function after primary angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) therapy on @entity1188 size and left ventricular function when used as an adjuvant therapy to primary angioplasty. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Cardiac intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity583 for whom primary angioplasty was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible @entity1 were randomized by a blinded pharmacist to GIK solution (30% @entity413 in water with insulin 50 U/L, and KCl 40 mM/L) vs. placebo at 1.5 mL/kg/hr for 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Tc 99m sestamibi myocardial scintigraphy was performed at admission and at 3 months. Primary end points were the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the size of salvaged myocardium. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. At the 3-month follow-up, a significant overall decrease in @entity1188 size (37 +/- 16% vs. 12 +/- 10%, p <.005) and an increase in LVEF (34 +/- 13% vs. 49 +/- 9%, p =.005) were observed. @entity1 randomized to GIK solution experienced a significant increase in their LVEF at 3 months (39 +/- 12 to 51 +/- 13, p =.002). @entity1 who received placebo had no significant differences between baseline and 3-month measurements (44 +/- 13 vs. 49 +/- 14, p = NS). There was a trend toward an increase in myocardial salvage in the GIK group, which did not reach statistical significance. When @entity1 from both groups were compared directly, differences in LVEF improvement were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: GIK solution did not improve LVEF or decrease the @entity1188 size among @entity1 undergoing primary angioplasty.

title: Effects of XXXX -insulin- @entity972 solution on myocardial salvage and left ventricular function after primary angioplasty.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The goal of treatment for @entity424 is complete removal with minimal postoperative @entity51 . The authors correlated the results of surgical management for @entity602 with the rate of postoperative disease progression and the prognostic factors. Thirty-one cases of @entity424 , surgically treated between 1979 and 1998, were retrospectively analyzed. The authors reviewed clinical features, radiological characteristics and operative findings for the surgical outcome analysis. Thirty-five percent of @entity1 with preoperative Nurick's grade better than grade 4 showed improvement in functional status, whereas no improvement was observed in @entity1 with preoperatively poorer functional status (P = 0.05). The proportion of @entity954 was influenced by @entity5 location (40% in cases around the conus versus 97% in other regions, P = 0.003) and histology (42% in the myxopapillary subtype versus 97% in the non-myxopapillary subtype, P = 0.001). Disease progression was observed in six cases, the mean progression free interval after surgical removal was 83 months and the 5-year progression free rate was 70%. Disease progression was found in two out of 23 cases from the complete removal group and in four out of eight cases from the incomplete removal group (P = 0.008). In the aspect of disease progression, the only statistically significant factor by multivariate analysis was the surgical extent of removal (P = 0.010). Of those @entity1 where there was incomplete removal, radiation therapy lead to improved clinical results, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.27). In the surgical treatment of @entity602 , preoperative functional status and the extent of removal were the significant prognostic factors influencing postoperative outcome. Early diagnosis is @entity5 should be attempted in all surgical treatment of @entity424 .

title: Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of spinal XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['spinal ependymomas', 'spinal ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vital and complete removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['complete surgical removals']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['intramedullary ependymomas']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to exclusively present the surgical results of @entity1 with @entity420 of the esophagogastric junction thereby providing a basis for comparison with other approaches. METHODS: 56 @entity1 with @entity189 and 74 @entity1 with @entity5 were operated on and evaluated. The surgical procedure for @entity34 was identical: total gastrectomy, omentectomy and splenectomy with lymph node dissection after a combined left thoraco-abdominal incision. Both @entity5 entities were summarized into 1 group and compared with the results of surgery for @entity189 : subtotal esophagectomy and proximal stomach resection with lymph node dissection after right thoracotomy and an additional abdominal incision. RESULTS: In 93% of all @entity1 an R0 resection was possible. In @entity1 with Barrett's @entity189 (41%) were the predominant postoperative problems. The 30-day lethality (5.3%) was higher in the group of @entity1 with @entity189 compared to those with @entity34 (1.4%). Tumor infiltration and nodal involvement determined the prognosis after R0 resection. The presence of Barrett's mucosa in type-I @entity420 and the histological assessment according to Lauren's classification into @entity34 also influenced the long-term prognosis. CONCLUSION: After R0 resection it is not the @entity5 location but @entity5 infiltration, lymph node status and a differentiated histological assessment that determine the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity420 of the esophagogastric junction.

title: Results of surgical therapy of XXXX of the esophagogastric junction according to a standardized surgical resection technique.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cardial and subcardial tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's carcinomas", 'type-I carcinomas', 'carcinomas pulmonal complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'type-I-III adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['type-II/III carcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Although there is much information on ischaemic preconditioning in the adult myocardium, this phenomenon has not yet been investigated in neonatal hearts. To examine the early development of @entity299 to ischaemia and the possible protective effects of preconditioning, @entity35 hearts isolated on days 1, 4 and 7 of postnatal life were perfused (Langendorff) with Krebs-Henseleit solution at constant pressure, temperature (37 degrees C) and rate (200 beats/min). Developed force (DF) of contraction was measured by an isometric force transducer, and analysed using an on-line computer. Hearts were exposed to 40 or 60 min of global ischaemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Preconditioning was induced by three 3-min periods of global ischaemia, each separated by 5-min periods of reperfusion. Developmental changes in expression of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isoforms, and their activation following preconditioning, were estimated using Western blot analysis. Recovery of contractile function during reperfusion decreased from day 1 (48 +/- 2%) to day 4 (42 +/- 1%) and day 7 (33 +/- 2%). Preconditioning failed to improve ischaemic tolerance on day 1 (46 +/- 2%) and on day 4 (43 +/- 3%), but pronounced effect was observed on day 7 (40 +/- 2%). Prolonging the period of sustained ischaemia from 40 to 60 min on day 1 did not lead to a better recovery of contractile function in preconditioned hearts. @entity7131 isoforms alpha, delta, epsilon and zeta were expressed in the ventricular myocardium during the first week of life, but there was no evidence of translocation following preconditioning on day 7. It may be assumed that the decreasing tolerance of the heart to ischaemia during early postnatal life is counteracted by the development of an endogenous protection.

title: Tolerance to ischaemia and ischaemic preconditioning in neonatal XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tolerance']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The positioning of the prostate is improved with the use of the fluoroscopic real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy system for @entity263 . The acute radiation reaction and preliminary @entity5 response of @entity263 to hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy were investigated in this study. METHODS: @entity1 were classified into prognostic risk groups on the basis of the presence of the pretreatment @entity1486 , clinical stage, and histologic differentiation. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to @entity1 in the high-risk group for 6 months before radiation therapy commenced. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy employed a segmental multileaf collimator, which generated a field made up of two or more shaped subfields using forward planning. Real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy was used for the precise positioning of the prostate to minimize geometric uncertainties, while the dose was escalated in increments of 5 Gy from 65 Gy using a daily dose of 2.5 Gy (65 Gy/2.5 Gy), following the dose-escalation rules. Acute and late gastrointestinal and genitourinary morbidities due to radiation therapy were scored according to the @entity137 criteria of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were enrolled in this study between 1998 and 2001. Eighteen @entity1 were classified as being members of the high-risk group. Total dose was escalated, with 65 Gy/2.5 Gy being administered to 12 @entity1 and 70 Gy/2.5 Gy to 19 @entity1 . The median follow-up period was 37 months (range, 30-43 months), and 19 months (range, 10-27 months), for the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. @entity1 experienced no acute @entity137 and grade 1 late @entity344 (8.3%) in the 65-Gy/2.5-Gy arm. @entity1 in the 70-Gy/2.5-Gy arm experienced grade 1 acute @entity344 (5.3%) and grade 1 and 2 acute genitourinarytoxicities (15.8%). No @entity1 experienced dose-limiting @entity137 (defined as a grade 3 or higher acute @entity137 ) or a grade 2 or higher late complication in this study period. One and two @entity1486 relapses were observed in the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Up to 70 Gy/2.5 Gy, equivalent to 80 Gy with a daily dose of 2.0 Gy, assuming alpha/beta ratio of 1.5, intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy was administered safely with a reasonable biochemical control rate. A further dose-escalation study using this system is justifiable.

title: Reduction in acute morbidity using hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with a fluoroscopic real-time @entity5 -tracking system for XXXX : preliminary results of a phase I/II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The positioning of the prostate is improved with the use of the fluoroscopic real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy system for @entity263 . The acute radiation reaction and preliminary @entity5 response of @entity263 to hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy were investigated in this study. METHODS: @entity1 were classified into prognostic risk groups on the basis of the presence of the pretreatment @entity1486 , clinical stage, and histologic differentiation. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to @entity1 in the high-risk group for 6 months before radiation therapy commenced. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy employed a segmental multileaf collimator, which generated a field made up of two or more shaped subfields using forward planning. Real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy was used for the precise positioning of the prostate to minimize geometric uncertainties, while the dose was escalated in increments of 5 Gy from 65 Gy using a daily dose of 2.5 Gy (65 Gy/2.5 Gy), following the dose-escalation rules. Acute and late gastrointestinal and genitourinary morbidities due to radiation therapy were scored according to the @entity137 criteria of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were enrolled in this study between 1998 and 2001. Eighteen @entity1 were classified as being members of the high-risk group. Total dose was escalated, with 65 Gy/2.5 Gy being administered to 12 @entity1 and 70 Gy/2.5 Gy to 19 @entity1 . The median follow-up period was 37 months (range, 30-43 months), and 19 months (range, 10-27 months), for the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. @entity1 experienced no acute @entity137 and grade 1 late @entity344 (8.3%) in the 65-Gy/2.5-Gy arm. @entity1 in the 70-Gy/2.5-Gy arm experienced grade 1 acute @entity344 (5.3%) and grade 1 and 2 acute genitourinarytoxicities (15.8%). No @entity1 experienced dose-limiting @entity137 (defined as a grade 3 or higher acute @entity137 ) or a grade 2 or higher late complication in this study period. One and two @entity1486 relapses were observed in the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Up to 70 Gy/2.5 Gy, equivalent to 80 Gy with a daily dose of 2.0 Gy, assuming alpha/beta ratio of 1.5, intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity5 -tracking radiation therapy was administered safely with a reasonable biochemical control rate. A further dose-escalation study using this system is justifiable.

title: Reduction in acute morbidity using hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with a fluoroscopic real-time XXXX -tracking system for @entity263 : preliminary results of a phase I/II study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well known to induce @entity344 including @entity548 , ulceration and perforation in @entity1 and animals. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two oxicams, preferential @entity9774 or @entity4665 inhibitors, on both @entity356 and some biological parameters (hematological, hepatic and renal) after subchronic administration (14 and 28 days) in @entity35 . Neutrophil infiltration was also assessed. Equipotent doses of @entity9213 (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg) and @entity5230 (5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered. Both drugs dose-dependently caused multiple @entity356 and @entity548 in @entity35 after 14 and 28 days of administration. Treatment with @entity9213 led to a higher gastric damage than with @entity5230 on day 14 although these results were not significant. The levels of @entity1589 activity (as an index of neutrophil infiltration) were not changed compared with control after drug treatment. All the hematological parameters obtained after drugs administration for 14 and 28 days were in the range of normal values, and a significant increase in platelet levels could be observed in the group treated with 5 mg/kg of @entity5230 for 14 days. @entity492 aminotransferase (AST or GOT) increased significantly after 14 days, but after 28 days the values returned to normality. @entity1011 and @entity1133 did not undergo significant changes except for the @entity5230 14-day 5 mg/kg group, in which @entity5507 increased significantly over normal values. In conclusion, our results show that @entity9213 , a preferential @entity4665 inhibitor, causes rates of @entity1819 comparable to those seen with traditional NSAIDs, without inducing important changes in biological parameters.

title: XXXX induced by subchronic administration of preferential cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesion']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal damage']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa', 'gastric erosions']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['Gastric damage']


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well known to induce @entity344 including @entity548 , ulceration and perforation in @entity1 and animals. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two oxicams, preferential @entity9774 or @entity4665 inhibitors, on both @entity356 and some biological parameters (hematological, hepatic and renal) after subchronic administration (14 and 28 days) in @entity35 . Neutrophil infiltration was also assessed. Equipotent doses of @entity9213 (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg) and @entity5230 (5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered. Both drugs dose-dependently caused multiple @entity356 and @entity548 in @entity35 after 14 and 28 days of administration. Treatment with @entity9213 led to a higher gastric damage than with @entity5230 on day 14 although these results were not significant. The levels of @entity1589 activity (as an index of neutrophil infiltration) were not changed compared with control after drug treatment. All the hematological parameters obtained after drugs administration for 14 and 28 days were in the range of normal values, and a significant increase in platelet levels could be observed in the group treated with 5 mg/kg of @entity5230 for 14 days. @entity492 aminotransferase (AST or GOT) increased significantly after 14 days, but after 28 days the values returned to normality. @entity1011 and @entity1133 did not undergo significant changes except for the @entity5230 14-day 5 mg/kg group, in which @entity5507 increased significantly over normal values. In conclusion, our results show that @entity9213 , a preferential @entity4665 inhibitor, causes rates of @entity1819 comparable to those seen with traditional NSAIDs, without inducing important changes in biological parameters.

title: @entity1819 induced by subchronic administration of preferential cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3094 is a local carcinogen in the digestive tract in @entity1 . @entity4726 leads to microbial colonization of the stomach, which could enhance microbial production of @entity3094 from @entity1068 . The aim of the study was to study microbial @entity1068 metabolism and @entity3094 production in the stomach of achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . METHODS: For the in vivo study, @entity413 or @entity1068 was infused via a nasogastric tube to the stomach of seven achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 and five healthy controls. Gastric juice samples for @entity1068 and @entity3094 determinations and microbial analysis were obtained at 30 and 60 min after the infusions. For the in vitro study, gastric juice samples from 14 @entity4726 @entity1 and 16 controls were obtained during gastroscopy, whereafter the samples were incubated for 2 h with 1% @entity1068 at 37 degrees C and @entity3094 was determined. RESULTS: Minor endogenous @entity1068 and @entity3094 concentrations were detected after @entity413 infusion in the gastric juice of four @entity4726 @entity1 . After @entity1068 infusion, the mean intragastric @entity3094 level of the @entity4726 @entity1 was 4.5-fold at 30 min and 6.5-fold at 60 min compared to controls. In vitro, the difference between the study groups was even higher, 7.6-fold. A vast selection of oral bacterial species and some Enterobacteriaceae and @entity375 were presented in the gastric juice of @entity4726 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Microbial @entity1068 metabolism leads to high intragastric @entity3094 levels after @entity1068 drinking in achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . This could be one of the factors responsible for enhanced @entity356 risk among @entity4726 @entity1 .

title: XXXX -derived microbial production of carcinogenic @entity3094 in achlorhydric @entity4726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic gastritis', 'atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde', 'Acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3094 is a local carcinogen in the digestive tract in @entity1 . @entity4726 leads to microbial colonization of the stomach, which could enhance microbial production of @entity3094 from @entity1068 . The aim of the study was to study microbial @entity1068 metabolism and @entity3094 production in the stomach of achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . METHODS: For the in vivo study, @entity413 or @entity1068 was infused via a nasogastric tube to the stomach of seven achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 and five healthy controls. Gastric juice samples for @entity1068 and @entity3094 determinations and microbial analysis were obtained at 30 and 60 min after the infusions. For the in vitro study, gastric juice samples from 14 @entity4726 @entity1 and 16 controls were obtained during gastroscopy, whereafter the samples were incubated for 2 h with 1% @entity1068 at 37 degrees C and @entity3094 was determined. RESULTS: Minor endogenous @entity1068 and @entity3094 concentrations were detected after @entity413 infusion in the gastric juice of four @entity4726 @entity1 . After @entity1068 infusion, the mean intragastric @entity3094 level of the @entity4726 @entity1 was 4.5-fold at 30 min and 6.5-fold at 60 min compared to controls. In vitro, the difference between the study groups was even higher, 7.6-fold. A vast selection of oral bacterial species and some Enterobacteriaceae and @entity375 were presented in the gastric juice of @entity4726 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Microbial @entity1068 metabolism leads to high intragastric @entity3094 levels after @entity1068 drinking in achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . This could be one of the factors responsible for enhanced @entity356 risk among @entity4726 @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 -derived microbial production of carcinogenic XXXX in achlorhydric @entity4726 .

answer: @entity3094 :: (MESH:D000079,Chemical) :: ['acetaldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3094 is a local carcinogen in the digestive tract in @entity1 . @entity4726 leads to microbial colonization of the stomach, which could enhance microbial production of @entity3094 from @entity1068 . The aim of the study was to study microbial @entity1068 metabolism and @entity3094 production in the stomach of achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . METHODS: For the in vivo study, @entity413 or @entity1068 was infused via a nasogastric tube to the stomach of seven achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 and five healthy controls. Gastric juice samples for @entity1068 and @entity3094 determinations and microbial analysis were obtained at 30 and 60 min after the infusions. For the in vitro study, gastric juice samples from 14 @entity4726 @entity1 and 16 controls were obtained during gastroscopy, whereafter the samples were incubated for 2 h with 1% @entity1068 at 37 degrees C and @entity3094 was determined. RESULTS: Minor endogenous @entity1068 and @entity3094 concentrations were detected after @entity413 infusion in the gastric juice of four @entity4726 @entity1 . After @entity1068 infusion, the mean intragastric @entity3094 level of the @entity4726 @entity1 was 4.5-fold at 30 min and 6.5-fold at 60 min compared to controls. In vitro, the difference between the study groups was even higher, 7.6-fold. A vast selection of oral bacterial species and some Enterobacteriaceae and @entity375 were presented in the gastric juice of @entity4726 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Microbial @entity1068 metabolism leads to high intragastric @entity3094 levels after @entity1068 drinking in achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . This could be one of the factors responsible for enhanced @entity356 risk among @entity4726 @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 -derived microbial production of carcinogenic @entity3094 in achlorhydric XXXX .

answer: @entity4726 :: (MESH:D005757,Disease) :: ['atrophic gastritis']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) accompanying @entity792 was induced in (C57BL/6xDBA/2) F(1) @entity19 (H-2(b/d)) by an injection of splenic T cells of parental DBA/2 origin (H-2(d)). In parallel with the onset of @entity644 , an expansion of lymphocytes was induced in the liver and kidney, showing a peak at 2 weeks after the onset of disease. The majority of lymphocytes were of recipient origin (H-2(b/d)). The main lymphocyte subset among T cells at the pre-onset stage and after the onset of disease was CD8(+) @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells (of extrathymic, hepatic origin) in both the liver and kidney. @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells confer primarily neither NK-like nor NKT-like @entity137 . No induction of these types of @entity137 was observed in these @entity19 with the expansion of @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells. This raised the possibility that granulocytes induced in the liver and kidney might be associated with tissue damage. The present results suggest that, similarly to the case of autoimmune-prone @entity19 with genetic background (e.g. MRL-lpr/lpr @entity19 and BXSB @entity19 ), @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells of extrathymic, hepatic origin might be crucial lymphocytes involved in the induction of the @entity792 in @entity19 with chronic @entity2132 , in conjunction with Bcells (e.g. B-1 cells).

title: Unconventional @entity11386 (-) intermediate TCR cells as major T lymphocytes expanding in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'GVHD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune-like disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) accompanying @entity792 was induced in (C57BL/6xDBA/2) F(1) @entity19 (H-2(b/d)) by an injection of splenic T cells of parental DBA/2 origin (H-2(d)). In parallel with the onset of @entity644 , an expansion of lymphocytes was induced in the liver and kidney, showing a peak at 2 weeks after the onset of disease. The majority of lymphocytes were of recipient origin (H-2(b/d)). The main lymphocyte subset among T cells at the pre-onset stage and after the onset of disease was CD8(+) @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells (of extrathymic, hepatic origin) in both the liver and kidney. @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells confer primarily neither NK-like nor NKT-like @entity137 . No induction of these types of @entity137 was observed in these @entity19 with the expansion of @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells. This raised the possibility that granulocytes induced in the liver and kidney might be associated with tissue damage. The present results suggest that, similarly to the case of autoimmune-prone @entity19 with genetic background (e.g. MRL-lpr/lpr @entity19 and BXSB @entity19 ), @entity11386 (-) CD3(int) cells of extrathymic, hepatic origin might be crucial lymphocytes involved in the induction of the @entity792 in @entity19 with chronic @entity2132 , in conjunction with Bcells (e.g. B-1 cells).

title: Unconventional XXXX (-) intermediate TCR cells as major T lymphocytes expanding in @entity2132 .

answer: @entity11386 :: (17059(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NK1.1']


abstract: The inorganic part of hard tissues (bones and teeth) of mammals consists of @entity78 , mainly of apatitic structure. Similarly, most undesired calcifications (i.e. those appearing as a result of @entity66 ) of mammals also contain @entity78 . For example, @entity731 results in blood-vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of @entity165 with @entity78 . @entity1547 result in a replacement of less soluble and hard apatite by more soluble and softer @entity460 hydrogenphosphates. @entity170 is a @entity79 . Therefore, from a chemical point of view, processes of normal (bone and teeth formation and growth) and pathological ( @entity731 and dental calculus) calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of @entity78 . Similarly, @entity1547 and @entity170 can be considered to be in vivo dissolution of @entity460 phosphates. On the other hand, because of the chemical similarity with biological calcified tissues, all @entity460 phosphates are remarkably biocompatible. This property is widely used in medicine for biomaterials that are either entirely made of or coated with @entity78 . For example, self-setting bone cements made of @entity460 phosphates are helpful in bone repair and @entity702 substitutes covered with a surface layer of @entity18461 are used for hip-joint endoprostheses and tooth substitutes, to facilitate the growth of bone and thereby raise the mechanical stability. @entity460 phosphates have a great biological and medical significance and in this review we give an overview of the current knowledge in this subject.

title: Biological and medical significance of XXXX phosphates.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity18461 :: ('MESH:D002130', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphates']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['demineralization of bone']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries', 'dental caries']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune system play an important role in maintaining and restoring homeostasis. In susceptible individuals a dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system may be one of the risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of @entity627 . Specific causes of altered neuroendocrine function are still not fully elucidated. Accumulation of genetical, environmental, behavioral and other risk factors during long preclinical period may result in chronic imbalances in homeostatic mechanisms maintained by neuroendocrine, microvascular and immune systems. Chronic inflammatory stress mediated by humoral and neural signals during active stages of the disease and autoantibodies against the structures of the neuroendocrine system may further participate in the @entity409 . In a subset of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), an assumed defect of the @entity1636 may be implicated in the pathogenesis. Results of some studies support the concept of @entity409 in @entity1 with premenopausal onset of the @entity309 . Significantly lower levels of @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ) plasma levels of @entity1 who subsequently developed @entity309 indicate that @entity409 may be present already in preclinical period and thus are not only secondary due to ongoing inflammatory process. These findings are sketching the new prospects of possible primary prevention of @entity309 in the future. The role of some other hormones including prolactin, @entity2124 , sex hormones and involvement of autonomic nervous system in relation with the @entity627 is also reviewed in the paper. Further research concerning their role in the pathogenesis of other @entity627 will possibly provide new prospects in optimizing their therapy.

title: The role of neuroendocrine system in the pathogenesis of XXXX (minireview).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine dysfunction', 'adrenal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non- @entity320 @entity1489 is more common in transplant recipients, probably because of immunosuppression. An increased risk of developing @entity320 could be a late effect of transplantation. The number of naevi, which is a risk marker for @entity320 , is increased in renal transplant recipients of all ages and may be related to immunosuppression. The risk of @entity320 has been suspected to be particularly high after bone marrow transplantation. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) might be an interesting model for the study of interactions between naevi and the immune system. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether aBMT exposes an individual to a particularly high risk of @entity320 , using naevi as a surrogate measure of the risk. To improve our knowledge of the effect of the immune system on naevi, using @entity2132 as a model. METHODS: We carried out an epidemiological case-control study with two age-, sex- and hair colour-matched controls for each case. The results were analysed with analysis of variance, a general linear model analysis and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The number of naevi was not significantly increased in aBMT @entity1 , as compared with controls, although there was a significant excess on the palms and legs. In exploratory subgroup case-control comparisons and with the general linear model, @entity1 who were conditioned with a combination of two alkylating drugs at high doses, and @entity1 who had an aBMT before the age of 20 years tended to have a higher count of naevi (P = 0.002 and P = 0.06, respectively). Conversely, there was a trend in favour of a lower count of naevi in @entity1 with @entity272 of chronic @entity2132 (P = 0.01). These data were corroborated by multivariate analysis, which showed that conditioning with high-dose chemotherapy, the absence of severe chronic cutaneous @entity2132 and a young age at transplantation were the main variables that independently predicted an excess of naevi. CONCLUSIONS: This study of aBMT @entity1 confirms that chemotherapy stimulates naevus growth. It also suggests for the first time that diffuse lesions of chronic cutaneous @entity2132 are associated with a decreased number of naevi. Whether allo-immunity, chronic @entity32 or the masking of naevi by pigmentation and @entity82 is responsible for the decreased number of naevi requires further investigation. With respect to the long-term risk of @entity320 in aBMT recipients, our results support an increased risk particularly when aBMT is performed at a young age, and when conditioning is with high doses of alkylating drugs.

title: Naevi in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation recipients: the effect of XXXX on naevi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Vidalia onion varieties Nirvana, DPS 1032, Yellow 2025, King-Midas, and SBO 133 grown at Vidalia, Georgia, were analyzed for @entity3096 content. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with photodiode array detection was used for quantification. Compounds were analyzed as aglycons after acid hydrolysis with 1.2 M @entity5828 . Identification of each compound was based on comparison of its retention time and UV spectra with those of pure commercial standards. Three major @entity3088 , @entity15605 , @entity3091 , and @entity3092 , were identified and quantified. @entity3092 was the major @entity3096 (7.70-46.32 mg/100 g fresh weight, FW) present in all varieties, followed by @entity3091 (2.77-4.13 mg/100 g FW). Minor quantities of @entity15605 (1.10-1.98 mg/100 g FW) were also detected. The total @entity6398 and @entity22143 equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) ranged from 73.33 to 180.84 mg/100 g FW and 0.92-1.56 microM TEAC/g FW, respectively. A positive but weaker correlation was obtained for total @entity6398 versus antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, a stronger correlation (r(2) = 0.34) was obtained between @entity3096 content versus antioxidant capacity. The data indicate that Vidalia onions are a rich source of @entity3092 , and they also contain @entity3091 and @entity15605 .

title: XXXX and antioxidant capacity of Georgia-grown Vidalia onions.

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['Flavonoids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last few years digital dermoscopy has been introduced as an additional tool to improve the clinical diagnosis of @entity272 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of digital dermoscopy by comparing the diagnoses of a dermatologist experienced in dermoscopy (5 years of experience) with those of a clinician with minimal training in this field, and then comparing these results with those obtained using computer-aided diagnoses. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-one pigmented melanocytic and non-melanocytic @entity272 were included. All lesions were surgically excised and histopathologically examined. Digital dermoscopic images of all lesions were framed and analysed using software based on a trained artificial neural network. Cohen's kappa statistic was calculated to assess the validity with regard to the correct diagnoses of @entity320 and @entity320 . RESULTS: Sensitivity was high for the experienced dermatologist and the computer (92%) and lower for the inexperienced clinician (69%). Specificity of the diagnosis by the experienced dermatologist was higher (99%) than that of the inexperienced clinician (94%) and the computer assessment (74%). Notably, computer analysis gave a higher number of false positives (26%) compared with the experienced dermatologist (0.6%) and the inexperienced clinician (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that analysis either by a trained dermatologist or an artificial neural network-trained computer can improve the diagnostic accuracy of @entity320 compared with that of an inexperienced clinician and that the computer diagnosis might represent a useful tool for the screening of @entity320 , particularly at centres not experienced in dermoscopy.

title: Dermoscopic diagnosis by a trained clinician vs. a clinician with minimal dermoscopy training vs. computer-aided diagnosis of 341 XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma', 'melanoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['pigmented skin lesions']


abstract: We previously showed that individuals with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) had a reduced ability to condition air, which was improved by @entity32 . We hypothesized that individuals with @entity9590 ( @entity9590 ) would condition air like @entity2023 with @entity32 . Because individuals with @entity565 usually have @entity32 in the nose, we hypothesized that they would condition air like individuals with @entity9590 . We performed a prospective, parallel study on 15 normal subjects, 15 subjects with @entity2023 outside their @entity566 season, 15 subjects with @entity9590 , and 15 subjects with @entity565 . Cold, dry air (CDA) was delivered to the nose and the temperature and humidity of the air were measured before entering and after exiting the nasal cavity. The total water gradient (TWG) was calculated and represents the nasal conditioning capacity. The TWG in the @entity2023 group was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. There were no significant differences in TWG between the @entity9590 and normal groups. Subjects with @entity565 had a significantly lower TWG than did normal subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between TWG and Aas score in the group with @entity565 (r(s) = -0.8, p = 0.0007). Our data show that subjects with @entity565 have a reduced ability of the nose to condition CDA compared with normal subjects, but which is similar to @entity2023 out of season.

title: The nasal passage of subjects with XXXX has a decreased ability to warm and humidify inspired air.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['SAR', 'seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis', 'PAR']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) analysis in normal subjects and @entity726 @entity1 by comparison of POBF measurements with functional (as determined by @entity227 [ @entity227 ]) and structural (as determined by optical coherence tomography [OCT]) measures. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty-one eyes of 24 consecutive @entity726 @entity1 and 20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects were studied; POBF analysis was performed on all subjects at the same visit as @entity227 testing and OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness measurement. The mean results of normal and @entity735 were compared for each method. Correlation between measurements obtained with each modality and the discriminating power using receiver operator characteristic curves was tested. RESULTS: The mean POBF (standard deviation [SD]) in the normal group was 1,010.4 (292.8) microl/min and 989.3 (305.5) microl/min in the @entity726 group (P =.90). Significant differences between groups were found for @entity227 mean deviation and pattern standard deviation (P =.02, P =.004, respectively) and OCT mean NFL thickness (P <.0001). No correlation was found between POBF parameters and intraocular pressure, @entity227 , or OCT variables except for intraocular pressure in @entity726 group (r = -.43, P =.003). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves was higher for @entity227 indexes and OCT mean NFL thickness than POBF parameters for distinguishing between normal and @entity735 . CONCLUSIONS: The wide range of normal values and the low discriminating power of POBF between normal and @entity735 limits the clinical use of the device for @entity726 @entity1 .

title: Evaluating pulsatile ocular blood flow analysis in normal and treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous eyes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of late-onset @entity1713 in @entity1 with regressed @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and the condition of their fellow eyes. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of 29 @entity1 (38 eyes) who had been treated at two institutions, one in the US and the other in Japan, between 1986 and 1997. The age at the time of treatment ranged from 6 to 51 years (mean=23.1). Five of the 38 eyes with tractional detachment were treated with either open-sky vitrectomy, closed vitrectomy, or scleral buckling; 27 of the 38 eyes with @entity1713 underwent scleral buckling or closed vitrectomy or both. The remaining 6 of the 38 eyes had subclinical @entity10658 and were treated with photocoagulation or cryopexy, or followed without treatment. The most characteristic @entity937 were multiple holes with a prevalence of equator and posterior types. RESULTS: Overall, anatomical reattachment was accomplished in 27/32 eyes (84%) that underwent surgery. Two thirds of the @entity1 who underwent vitrectomy either initially or at a later time had poor postoperative visual acuity. More than half of the fellow eyes had @entity1713 and others had various characteristic fundus changes of regressed @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, probably life-long follow-up of high-risk @entity1 is necessary so that diagnosis and treatment can be instituted at an early stage of @entity1713 .

title: Late-onset @entity1713 associated with regressed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity10658 :: ('MESH:C563710', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous detachment']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of late-onset @entity1713 in @entity1 with regressed @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and the condition of their fellow eyes. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of 29 @entity1 (38 eyes) who had been treated at two institutions, one in the US and the other in Japan, between 1986 and 1997. The age at the time of treatment ranged from 6 to 51 years (mean=23.1). Five of the 38 eyes with tractional detachment were treated with either open-sky vitrectomy, closed vitrectomy, or scleral buckling; 27 of the 38 eyes with @entity1713 underwent scleral buckling or closed vitrectomy or both. The remaining 6 of the 38 eyes had subclinical @entity10658 and were treated with photocoagulation or cryopexy, or followed without treatment. The most characteristic @entity937 were multiple holes with a prevalence of equator and posterior types. RESULTS: Overall, anatomical reattachment was accomplished in 27/32 eyes (84%) that underwent surgery. Two thirds of the @entity1 who underwent vitrectomy either initially or at a later time had poor postoperative visual acuity. More than half of the fellow eyes had @entity1713 and others had various characteristic fundus changes of regressed @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, probably life-long follow-up of high-risk @entity1 is necessary so that diagnosis and treatment can be instituted at an early stage of @entity1713 .

title: Late-onset XXXX associated with regressed @entity989 .

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: Extracellular @entity377 -induced stimulation and activation of peripheral blood leukocytes and subsequent degranulation play a critical role in immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction and other inflammatory diseases. The extracellular @entity2036 stimulate a P2Y receptor(s) on @entity1 PMN with the pharmacological profile similar to that of the @entity9897 receptor. Upon activation of @entity9897 , @entity1426 , formed from the membrane bound lipids by @entity3900 , which subsequently metabolized by @entity1437 to form the @entity4443 . Of the several leukotrienes generated, @entity8285 is a potent pro-inflammatory chemokine. Upon its release @entity8285 binds to the PMN in a paracrine manner and also other leukocytes such as monocytes at the site of @entity1317 , leading to an accelerated rate of degranulation. It is known that LTA(4) formed in the @entity1437 pathway in PMN could be released from PMN by receptor-mediated transport. Upon its release, the monocytes, erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells can take up LTA(4). The endogenous @entity19960 form the LTB(4) from LTA(4) in erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells. As in PMN, @entity8285 is released from these cells via receptor-mediated transport to the extracellular milieu. Thus, released LTB(4) most likely acts as potentially accelerating factor in PMN and MN degranulation through its receptor-specific binding. It is not known whether any LTB(4) receptor exists in cytoplasm in any given cell type and also, the existence of any other signaling cascade for the extracellular @entity377 -induced leukocyte degranulation. Thus, it is convincing that the extracellular @entity2036 released from the activated platelets and other damaged cell types exacerbate the inflammatory response by @entity4352 generation. In turn the @entity4352 will act in both autocrine and paracrine manner to amplify the degranulation processes in leukocytes invoked by extracellular @entity2036 .

title: Amplification of extracellular @entity377 -induced leukocyte(s) degranulation by contingent autocrine and paracrine mode of XXXX -mediated chemokine receptor activation.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity4352 :: (CHEBI:25029,Chemical) :: ['leukotriene']


abstract: Extracellular @entity377 -induced stimulation and activation of peripheral blood leukocytes and subsequent degranulation play a critical role in immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction and other inflammatory diseases. The extracellular @entity2036 stimulate a P2Y receptor(s) on @entity1 PMN with the pharmacological profile similar to that of the @entity9897 receptor. Upon activation of @entity9897 , @entity1426 , formed from the membrane bound lipids by @entity3900 , which subsequently metabolized by @entity1437 to form the @entity4443 . Of the several leukotrienes generated, @entity8285 is a potent pro-inflammatory chemokine. Upon its release @entity8285 binds to the PMN in a paracrine manner and also other leukocytes such as monocytes at the site of @entity1317 , leading to an accelerated rate of degranulation. It is known that LTA(4) formed in the @entity1437 pathway in PMN could be released from PMN by receptor-mediated transport. Upon its release, the monocytes, erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells can take up LTA(4). The endogenous @entity19960 form the LTB(4) from LTA(4) in erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells. As in PMN, @entity8285 is released from these cells via receptor-mediated transport to the extracellular milieu. Thus, released LTB(4) most likely acts as potentially accelerating factor in PMN and MN degranulation through its receptor-specific binding. It is not known whether any LTB(4) receptor exists in cytoplasm in any given cell type and also, the existence of any other signaling cascade for the extracellular @entity377 -induced leukocyte degranulation. Thus, it is convincing that the extracellular @entity2036 released from the activated platelets and other damaged cell types exacerbate the inflammatory response by @entity4352 generation. In turn the @entity4352 will act in both autocrine and paracrine manner to amplify the degranulation processes in leukocytes invoked by extracellular @entity2036 .

title: Amplification of extracellular XXXX -induced leukocyte(s) degranulation by contingent autocrine and paracrine mode of @entity4352 -mediated chemokine receptor activation.

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term follow-up of @entity1 with acute @entity14930 (AZOOR). DESIGN: Observational consecutive case series. METHODS: Prospective and retrospective review of medical records of @entity1 with AZOOR. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 (37 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ) with a median age of 33 years (mean, age 36 years; range, 13-63 years) were followed for a median of 96 months (mean 100 months; range, 36-420 months). At presentation, AZOOR was present in one eye of 31 @entity1 (61%) and both eyes in 20 @entity1 (39%). All @entity1 presented with an acute loss of one or more zones of visual field, and 45 (88%) @entity1 presented with photopsia. Corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 68 (76%) of 90 affected eyes. Funduscopic examination was normal in 82 eyes and revealed signs of AZOOR in 8 eyes. Electroretinographic amplitudes were @entity308 in all affected eyes. The median delay in diagnosis of AZOOR was 17 months. During follow-up, AZOOR developed in 19 fellow eyes. At final follow-up AZOOR was present in one eye of 12 (24%) @entity1 and both eyes of 39 (76%) @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 had 23 recurrences of AZOOR. Visual field loss stabilized within 6 months in 37 @entity1 (72%), progressed stepwise in 2 @entity1 (4%), and partly improved in 12 @entity1 (24%). Fourteen @entity1 (28%) had @entity792 , including @entity2621 in 6 @entity1 and relapsing transverse @entity602 in 4 @entity1 . At last follow-up all @entity1 had residual @entity227 . Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 61 (68%) affected eyes. Nine @entity1 (18%) were @entity1939 . The fundi of 90 affected eyes revealed no changes of AZOOR in 47 eyes (52%) and changes in the pigment epithelium and retina caused by AZOOR in 43 eyes (48%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity227 in AZOOR is characterized by one or more episodes of @entity697 , and in some cases, death of retinal receptor cells in one or more zones of one or both eyes. Central vision is often spared, but recovery of visual field occurs infrequently. The etiology of AZOOR is unknown. Electroretinography is essential for early diagnosis. The value of treatment is uncertain.

title: Acute XXXX : a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legally blind']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity14930 :: ('MESH:C538223', 'Disease') :: ['zonal occult outer retinopathy']

answer: @entity14930 :: (MESH:C538223,Disease) :: ['zonal occult outer retinopathy']


abstract: The effect of @entity277 on liveweight gain (LWG) was assessed by comparison of weight changes in @entity24387 -treated N'Dama and Gobra @entity7040 (16-20 months old) with respective control groups submitted to natural tick challenge over 1 year. @entity24387 was applied monthly, fortnightly or weekly. Preventive treatments against @entity9187 , @entity743 and trypanosomosis were given. Mortality rate was recorded and post-mortem examinations carried out. In both treated and control animals, significantly fewer Hyalomma spp. and Amblyomma variegatum were found on N'Dama than on Gobra @entity7040 . Both breeds are equally susceptible to @entity277 . Total annual tick burdens did not cause significant differences in LWG between acaricide-treated and control @entity291 in either breeds. LWG was also not affected during or after the annual peak of @entity277 (composed mainly by A. variegatum and @entity25871 ). Equally-high mortality (35%), due to unidentified causes, was recorded in acaricide-treated and control Gobra @entity291 ; mortality in N'Dama @entity291 was 7.5%. In both breeds, about the 90% of mortality occurred at the end of the dry season. Breed differences in tick burden confirm previous results. If @entity7545 do not influence LWG or mortality, then it is concluded that intensive tick control is not justifiable in Gambian livestock.

title: Effect of controlling natural field- @entity277 on the growth of N'Dama and Gobra XXXX in the Gambia.

entities_list: @entity9187 :: ('MESH:D000712', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity24387 :: ('MESH:C041392', 'Chemical') :: ['flumethrin', 'Flumethrin']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['tick infestation', 'tick infestations', 'Rhipicephalus senegalensis infestation']

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['babesiosis']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne infections']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['zebu cattle']


abstract: The effect of @entity277 on liveweight gain (LWG) was assessed by comparison of weight changes in @entity24387 -treated N'Dama and Gobra @entity7040 (16-20 months old) with respective control groups submitted to natural tick challenge over 1 year. @entity24387 was applied monthly, fortnightly or weekly. Preventive treatments against @entity9187 , @entity743 and trypanosomosis were given. Mortality rate was recorded and post-mortem examinations carried out. In both treated and control animals, significantly fewer Hyalomma spp. and Amblyomma variegatum were found on N'Dama than on Gobra @entity7040 . Both breeds are equally susceptible to @entity277 . Total annual tick burdens did not cause significant differences in LWG between acaricide-treated and control @entity291 in either breeds. LWG was also not affected during or after the annual peak of @entity277 (composed mainly by A. variegatum and @entity25871 ). Equally-high mortality (35%), due to unidentified causes, was recorded in acaricide-treated and control Gobra @entity291 ; mortality in N'Dama @entity291 was 7.5%. In both breeds, about the 90% of mortality occurred at the end of the dry season. Breed differences in tick burden confirm previous results. If @entity7545 do not influence LWG or mortality, then it is concluded that intensive tick control is not justifiable in Gambian livestock.

title: Effect of controlling natural field- XXXX on the growth of N'Dama and Gobra @entity7040 in the Gambia.

answer: @entity277 :: (MESH:D013984,Disease) :: ['tick infestation']


abstract: The enzyme @entity2196 is light-sensitive. In leaves, losses caused by photoinactivation are replaced by new enzyme and the rate of de novo synthesis must be rapidly and flexibly attuned to fluctuating light conditions. In mature rye leaves, post-transcriptional mechanisms were shown to control the rate of @entity2196 synthesis. The amount of the leaf @entity2196 ( @entity8618 ) transcript did not increase with light intensity, but was even higher after dark exposure of light-grown leaves. Initiation was apparently not limiting translation in the dark, as the association of the @entity8618 mRNA with polysomes did not change notably under different light conditions. By analysing the translation of @entity2196 polypeptides in cell-free systems with poly(A)+ RNA from leaves or with mRNA transcribed from a @entity8618 -containing cDNA clone, two mechanisms of post-transcriptional control were identified. First, translation of @entity2196 depended on the presence of hemin. In leaves, the availability of hemin may signal the extent of @entity2196 degradation as the hemin of the inactivated enzyme is recycled. Second, the translation efficiency of the @entity8618 transcripts was reversibly modulated in a dose-dependent manner by the light intensity to which leaves were exposed, prior to extraction. The @entity8618 mRNA from light-exposed leaves was translated much more efficiently than mRNA from dark-exposed leaves. The increase of its translation activity in vivo was not blocked by cordycepin but was suppressed by methylation inhibitors, indicating a reversible modification of pre-existing mRNA by methylation. Translation of in vitro synthesized @entity8618 mRNA required a methylated cap (m7GpppG), but was virtually below detection when it contained an unmethylated cap (GpppG).

title: Post-transcriptional mechanisms control XXXX synthesis during its light-induced turnover in rye leaves through the availability of the hemin cofactor and reversible changes of the translation efficiency of mRNA.

answer: @entity2196 :: (847,Gene) :: ['catalase']


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity99 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity409 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 after @entity526 @entity5694 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity651 by a @entity1505 :leukotriene (LT) @entity2270 of @entity32 . Male @entity35 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity1448 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity648 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity526 @entity70610 ( @entity70610 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity1219 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity6566 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity20463 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity648 , and @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity1448 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity5694 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity70610 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity1505 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity70610 than in Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity1505 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity35 . @entity568 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity70610 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity2332 , @entity551 , and @entity1431 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity5694 . Thus, @entity1448 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity5694 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity99 increases circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 and mortality after @entity526 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['Cholestasis', 'cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity70610 :: ('MESH:C567102', 'Disease') :: ['lipopolysaccharide serotype O55:B5', 'LPS']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity99 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity409 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 after @entity526 @entity5694 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity651 by a @entity1505 :leukotriene (LT) @entity2270 of @entity32 . Male @entity35 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity1448 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity648 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity526 @entity70610 ( @entity70610 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity1219 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity6566 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity20463 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity648 , and @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity1448 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity5694 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity70610 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity1505 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity70610 than in Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity1505 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity35 . @entity568 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity70610 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity2332 , @entity551 , and @entity1431 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity5694 . Thus, @entity1448 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity5694 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: XXXX increases circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 and mortality after @entity526 @entity5694 .

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Cholestatic liver injury']


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity99 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity409 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 after @entity526 @entity5694 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity651 by a @entity1505 :leukotriene (LT) @entity2270 of @entity32 . Male @entity35 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity1448 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity648 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity526 @entity70610 ( @entity70610 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity1219 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity6566 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity20463 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity648 , and @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity1448 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity5694 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity70610 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity1505 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity70610 than in Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity1505 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity35 . @entity568 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity70610 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity2332 , @entity551 , and @entity1431 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity5694 . Thus, @entity1448 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity5694 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity99 increases circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 and mortality after XXXX @entity5694 .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']