abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4059 ( @entity4730 ) is a @entity219 -finger transcription factor that regulates many essential processes, including development and cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Along with these roles in normal cells and tissues, @entity4730 has important @entity5 suppressive and oncogenic functions in some @entity5 . However, the roles of @entity4730 in @entity957 remain unclear. This study investigated the epigenetic alterations and possible roles of @entity4730 in @entity5 . Notably, @entity4730 expression was significantly decreased in @entity1 @entity5 tissues compared with healthy controls, and @entity4730 promoter hypermethylation contributed to the suppression of @entity4730 expression. @entity4730 expression was associated with @entity5 grade. Its expression was much lower in poorly differentiated @entity5 than in well-differentiated @entity5 cells. @entity4730 exerted its antitumor activity in vitro and/or in vivo by inhibiting cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell colony formation and by inducing apoptosis. In addition, @entity4730 over-expression promoted @entity5 cell migration and invasion in vitro. Knockdown of @entity4730 promoted @entity5 cells growth and colony formation, and simultaneously inhibited cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic studies revealed that @entity1495 might contribute to @entity4730 -mediated cell migration and invasion. These results provide evidence that @entity4730 might play Janus-faced roles in @entity5 , acting both as a @entity5 suppressor and as an oncogene.

title: The Janus-faced roles of XXXX in @entity957 cells.

answer: @entity4059 :: (MESH:D007020,Disease) :: ['Kr  ppel-like factor 4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of penetrating @entity3511 (PAI) has increased in the West African sub-region. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern and management outcome of penetrating @entity3511 (PAI) in the two main teaching hospitals in Ghana. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective and retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra. METHODS: Relevant details of all adult @entity1 admitted with penetrating @entity3511 over a 11-year period were recorded at KATH and KBTH in Accra. The study in KATH was prospective pro forma based and that in the KBTH was a retrospective case review of all penetrating @entity3511 . RESULTS: There were 411 @entity1 , mostly @entity1 (M: F-8:1). The peak age of @entity1 was 20-29 years, 164 @entity1 (39.9%). Abdominal stab wound injuries accounted for 251 (61.1%). Three hundred and thirty - one @entity1 (80.5%) had an emergency laparotomy. Twelve @entity1 required 16 emergency thoracotomies. The small bowel (23.2%), stomach (12.9%), colon (10.2%), the liver (10.0%), were the most commonly injured organs. In 92 @entity1 (29.0%) no significant @entity3511 was detected at laparotomy CONCLUSION: Stab wounds are the main penetrating @entity3511 seen mostly among young male adults in Ghana. Management was by a mandatory laparotomy after clinical assessment. The overall mortality was 4.4%. Selective non-operative management of @entity1661 wounds is possible.

title: Penetrating XXXX in adults seen at two teaching hospitals in ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal stab']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal injury', 'abdominal injuries']

answer: @entity3511 :: (MESH:D000007,Disease) :: ['abdominal injuries']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of immediate preoperative @entity551 (BP) in @entity1 with well-controlled @entity101 but with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 110 and 130 mmHg on arrival at the operating room (OR). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, large-sample study. SETTING: University-affiliated, 550-bed community hospital. @entity1 : 989 @entity1 with well-controlled @entity101 , who were scheduled for surgery, and who had no previous @entity583 , unstable or severe @entity951 , @entity177 , pregnancy induced @entity101 , @entity4346 , previous coronary revascularization, @entity472 , @entity943 , @entity8526 , or @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 with DBP between 110 and 130 mmHg were randomly allocated to two groups: 400 @entity1 in the control group and 589 @entity1 serving as the study group. The control group had their surgery postponed and they remained in hospital for BP control, and the study @entity1 received 10 mg of @entity594 intranasally delivered. The @entity1 were observed for @entity65 during the intraoperative period and over the first three postoperative days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The two groups were similar in age, gender, type of surgery, duration of anesthesia, and intraoperative fluid administration. There were no statistically significant @entity260 . The hospitalization time was considerable shorter in the study group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate preoperative reduction of @entity11559 with intranasal @entity594 is safe in @entity1 with well-controlled arterial @entity101 but they presented with severe to very severe @entity101 for @entity1 in the OR. We were able to avoid unnecessary surgery postponement and attendant costs.

title: The dilemma of immediate preoperative XXXX : to treat and operate, or to postpone surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['differences in postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and neurological complications']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A pattern of @entity1274 has emerged in 10 of the 200 @entity1 treated with ionizing external beam radiation and 915 MHz microwave induced @entity221 for superficial @entity5 . @entity1 report various sensations in parts of the body which not only are far removed from the treated area, but also are not generated through pathways in the treated areas. The most common sensation was a numbness and tingling in the ipsilateral arm when the chest was being treated. In each case, the applicator was at least three aperture widths from the axilla; the angle with the axilla was approximately 90 degrees, and the applicator was angled from 90-180 degrees to the affected arm. In each case, the sensation was only appreciated when the microwave energy was present. There was no correlation of sensation with level of power application. The sensation would saturate at power densities far below those used to achieve therapeutic heating. One @entity1 reported such a severe "burning" sensation in the arm at the lowest measurable power from the generator that further treatment was discontinued. Only one @entity1 had a demonstrable @entity51 . These effects were @entity1 specific and repeated from treatment to treatment in at least two-thirds of the treatment sessions. Sensitive @entity1 were sporadically distributed throughout the @entity1 population.

title: Transient microwave induced neurosensory reactions during superficial XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural anomaly']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and transendothelial trafficking of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) are pathophysiological hallmarks of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and its animal model, @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ). Kinins are proinflammatory peptides which are released during tissue injury including @entity6503 . They increase vascular permeability and enhance @entity32 by acting on distinct @entity1812 receptors, @entity29138 and @entity15347 . We studied the expression of @entity29138 and @entity15347 and the effect of their inhibition on the disease course, BBB integrity and T cell migration following @entity6504 ( @entity6504 (35-55))-induced @entity6503 . @entity29138 , but not @entity15347 expression was markedly enhanced in inflammatory CNS lesions in @entity19 and @entity1 . Brain endothelial cells could be identified as major source of @entity29138 protein. The severity of @entity6503 was significantly alleviated in @entity29138 (-/-) @entity19 compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) controls (P<0.05). Treatment of @entity164 @entity19 with the @entity29138 antagonist R715 before and after disease onset was equally effective (P<0.05) while @entity29138 activation by R838 promoted @entity6503 (P<0.05). @entity29138 inhibition was accompanied by a remarkable reduction of BBB disruption and tissue @entity32 . In vitro analyses revealed that @entity29138 suppression reverses the upregulation of ICAM-I and VCAM-I at the inflamed BBB thereby limiting T cell transmigration. In contrast, blocking @entity15347 had no significant impact on @entity6503 . We conclude that @entity29138 inhibition can reduce BBB damage and cell invasion during @entity3026 and may offer a novel anti-inflammatory strategy for the treatment of @entity15 .

title: Blockade of the kinin receptor B1 protects from XXXX by reducing leukocyte trafficking.

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein', 'MOG']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity3026 :: (MESH:D020278,Disease) :: ['autoimmune CNS disease']


abstract: Because of its central importance in medical diagnosis, sources of bias in the @entity1 history must be identified. We report here a study of interobserver agreement in @entity662 histories. Histories were obtained by physicians, nurse practitioners, and self-administered questionnaires. We used a discriminant rule to classify the histories as being more or less typical of @entity951 . A sub-group of the subjects underwent coronary arteriography after the histories were obtained. In subjects with positive coronary arteriograms, physicians consistently obtained histories typical of @entity951 more often than a self-administered questionnaire. There was no significant systematic bias when comparing physician interviews to the questionnaire among subjects with negative arteriograms nor when comparing two physicians' interviews or a nurse practitioner interview to a questionnaire. When compared to physician interviews, nurse practitioner interviews produced histories less typical of @entity951 . We conclude that there are systematic differences between the histories obtained by physicians, nurse practitioners, and self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires can produce biased @entity1 histories and should be carefully validated before being used in @entity1 care activities or health care research.

title: Systematic bias in recording the history in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: Because of its central importance in medical diagnosis, sources of bias in the @entity1 history must be identified. We report here a study of interobserver agreement in @entity662 histories. Histories were obtained by physicians, nurse practitioners, and self-administered questionnaires. We used a discriminant rule to classify the histories as being more or less typical of @entity951 . A sub-group of the subjects underwent coronary arteriography after the histories were obtained. In subjects with positive coronary arteriograms, physicians consistently obtained histories typical of @entity951 more often than a self-administered questionnaire. There was no significant systematic bias when comparing physician interviews to the questionnaire among subjects with negative arteriograms nor when comparing two physicians' interviews or a nurse practitioner interview to a questionnaire. When compared to physician interviews, nurse practitioner interviews produced histories less typical of @entity951 . We conclude that there are systematic differences between the histories obtained by physicians, nurse practitioners, and self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires can produce biased @entity1 histories and should be carefully validated before being used in @entity1 care activities or health care research.

title: Systematic bias in recording the history in XXXX with @entity662 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two-bottle tests have been used extensively to measure the preference for taste and nutrient solutions but there has been little work with tests involving more than two bottles. Here, we compare the results obtained in two-bottle tests with those obtained in three- and six-bottle tests. In Experiment 1, we measured the preferences for 2 mM @entity8021 , 50 mM @entity1792 , 0.3 mM @entity4807 and 75 mM @entity1219 displayed by 129X1/SvJ (129) and C57BL/6J (B6) @entity19 . @entity19 drank more taste solution when they received two bottles providing taste solution and one providing water than when they received either a standard two-bottle test or two bottles providing water and one providing taste solution. The three-bottle tests also revealed the left spout side preferences of the 129 strain and were generally better at distinguishing between the 129 and B6 strains (i.e. were more sensitive) than were the two-bottle tests. In Experiment 2, we measured intakes and preferences in tests with six bottles, with one, two, three, four or five containing 75 mM @entity1219 and the rest containing water. @entity1219 preferences were monotonically related to the number of @entity1219 spouts available. A follow-up experiment found similar results whether the index of ingestion was volume intakes or licks. This argues that spillage cannot account for the effect of spout number on taste solution intake. Together, the results suggest that (i) the number of bottles of taste solution and water has a profound influence on taste solution intake and preference, and (ii) three-bottle tests may be more sensitive than two-bottle tests in many circumstances.

title: XXXX taste preference tests: why only two bottles?

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity4807 :: ('MESH:D011803', 'Chemical') :: ['quinine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose . To determine if two widely used behavioral change measures-Stages of Change (SoC) and @entity1 Activation Measure (PAM)-correlate with each other, are affected by financial incentives, or predict positive outcomes in the context of incentive-based health interventions. Design . Secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials of incentives for @entity353 and for improved @entity6 self-monitoring. Setting . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Newark, New Jersey. Subjects . A total of 132 @entity28 and 75 @entity6 adults enrolled in one of two trials. Measures . SoC and PAM scores; @entity353 and usage rate of @entity6 self-monitoring equipment. Analysis . Multiple regression; Kruskal-Wallis test. Results . We found no association between baseline SoC and PAM scores in either study (p = .30 and p = .89). @entity2357 models showed no association between baseline PAM score and SoC and subsequent outcomes for either study ( @entity353 study: PAM: p = .14, SoC: p = .1; @entity6 study: PAM: p = .45, SoC: p = .61). Change in PAM score and SoC among @entity1 in the intervention groups did not differ by study arm or among @entity1 with better outcomes. Conclusion . PAM score and SoC may not effectively predict success or monitor progress among individuals enrolled in incentive-based interventions.

title: Stages of Change and XXXX Activation Measure Scores in the Context of Incentive-Based Health Interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is a recently described salivary gland malignancy. We evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term clinical behaviour of MASCs. A total of 190 primary @entity5 at a single institution were reviewed along with relevant immunohistochemical and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) studies to identify MASCs. Nine MASCs were identified predominantly in the parotid with an equal incidence in @entity1 and @entity1 and mean age of 36 years. The @entity5 size ranged from 14 to 50mm (mean 22mm). MASCs were composed of monotonous cells with vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and a small nucleus with a distinctive nucleolus. All cases showed immunoreactivity with S-100, @entity5088 , @entity5822 and mammoglobin, and lacked immunoreactivity with @entity9387 , @entity4206 , @entity4205 and calponin. @entity9604 rearrangement was seen in all cases. No mutations were identified using the OncoCarta Panel v1.0 Kit. Follow up was available for 0.4 to 22 years (median 4 years). Intraparotid lymph node involvement and local recurrence were seen in one @entity1 each. There were no distant metastases. MASCs have specific histopathological features and immunohistochemical profile that distinguish them from their mimics. FISH plays a confirmatory role. An indolent long-term clinical course was observed in this cohort despite involvement of intraparotid lymph node and microscopically involved/close margins.

title: XXXX : an evaluation of its clinicopathological and genetic characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'salivary gland malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['MASC', 'Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a greater 2-year decline in office-based functional performance measures would be associated with greater @entity393 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). BACKGROUND: Associations of decline in functional performance with clinically important outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3657 are unknown. METHODS: A total of 440 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3657 completed the 6-min walk test and measures of walking velocity at baseline and annually for 2 years. @entity1 were categorized into tertiles according to their functional decline between baseline and 2-year follow-up and were followed annually after the functional change assessment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess relations between the 2-year change in functional performance with later mortality and @entity393 , with adjustments for age, sex, race, ankle brachial index, comorbidities, and other confounders. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 (23.2%) died during a median follow-up of 44.5 months after functional change was assessed. Of 319 @entity1 without baseline mobility disability, 60 (18.8%) developed @entity393 after functional change was assessed. @entity1 in the tertile with the greatest 6-min walk decline had the highest subsequent @entity393 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56 to 7.85; p = 0.002), all-cause mortality (HR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.64; p = 0.004), and @entity65 mortality (HR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.54; p = 0.031), compared with those with the smallest 6-min walk decline. Greater declines in fastest-paced 4-m walking velocity were associated with higher @entity393 (p trend = 0.018), all-cause mortality (p trend = 0.01), and @entity65 (p trend = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3657 with declining functional performance are at increased risk for later @entity393 and mortality.

title: Decline in functional performance predicts later increased XXXX and mortality in @entity3657 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['mobility loss']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['mobility loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a greater 2-year decline in office-based functional performance measures would be associated with greater @entity393 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). BACKGROUND: Associations of decline in functional performance with clinically important outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3657 are unknown. METHODS: A total of 440 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3657 completed the 6-min walk test and measures of walking velocity at baseline and annually for 2 years. @entity1 were categorized into tertiles according to their functional decline between baseline and 2-year follow-up and were followed annually after the functional change assessment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess relations between the 2-year change in functional performance with later mortality and @entity393 , with adjustments for age, sex, race, ankle brachial index, comorbidities, and other confounders. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 (23.2%) died during a median follow-up of 44.5 months after functional change was assessed. Of 319 @entity1 without baseline mobility disability, 60 (18.8%) developed @entity393 after functional change was assessed. @entity1 in the tertile with the greatest 6-min walk decline had the highest subsequent @entity393 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56 to 7.85; p = 0.002), all-cause mortality (HR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.64; p = 0.004), and @entity65 mortality (HR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.54; p = 0.031), compared with those with the smallest 6-min walk decline. Greater declines in fastest-paced 4-m walking velocity were associated with higher @entity393 (p trend = 0.018), all-cause mortality (p trend = 0.01), and @entity65 (p trend = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3657 with declining functional performance are at increased risk for later @entity393 and mortality.

title: Decline in functional performance predicts later increased @entity393 and mortality in XXXX .

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diet guidelines recommend increasing dietary diversity. Yet, metrics for dietary diversity have neither been well-defined nor evaluated for impact on metabolic health. Also, whether diversity has effects independent of diet quality is unknown. We characterized and evaluated associations of diet diversity and quality with @entity1144 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 . At baseline (2000-02), diet was assessed among 5,160 Whites, Hispanic, Blacks, and Chinese age 45-84 y and free of @entity2175 , using a validated questionnaire. Three different aspects of diet diversity were characterized including count (number of different food items eaten more than once/week, a broad measure of diversity), evenness (Berry index, a measure of the spread of the diversity), and dissimilarity (Jaccard distance, a measure of the diversity of the attributes of the foods consumed). Diet quality was characterized using aHEI, DASH, and a priori pattern. Count and evenness were weakly positively correlated with diet quality (r with AHEI: 0.20, 0.04), while dissimilarity was moderately inversely correlated (r = -0.34). In multivariate models, neither count nor evenness was associated with change in waist circumference (WC) or incident @entity2175 . Greater food dissimilarity was associated with higher gain in WC (p-trend<0.01), with 120% higher gain in @entity1 in the highest quintile of dissimilarity scores. Diet diversity was not associated with incident @entity2175 . Also, none of the diversity metrics were associated with change in WC or incident @entity2175 when restricted to only healthier or less healthy foods. Higher diet quality was associated with lower risk of @entity2175 . Our findings provide little evidence for benefits of diet diversity for either @entity1144 or @entity6 . Greater dissimilarity among foods was actually associated with gain in WC. These results do not support the notion that "eating everything in moderation" leads to greater diet quality or better metabolic health.

title: Everything in Moderation - Dietary Diversity and Quality, @entity1144 and Risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diet guidelines recommend increasing dietary diversity. Yet, metrics for dietary diversity have neither been well-defined nor evaluated for impact on metabolic health. Also, whether diversity has effects independent of diet quality is unknown. We characterized and evaluated associations of diet diversity and quality with @entity1144 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 . At baseline (2000-02), diet was assessed among 5,160 Whites, Hispanic, Blacks, and Chinese age 45-84 y and free of @entity2175 , using a validated questionnaire. Three different aspects of diet diversity were characterized including count (number of different food items eaten more than once/week, a broad measure of diversity), evenness (Berry index, a measure of the spread of the diversity), and dissimilarity (Jaccard distance, a measure of the diversity of the attributes of the foods consumed). Diet quality was characterized using aHEI, DASH, and a priori pattern. Count and evenness were weakly positively correlated with diet quality (r with AHEI: 0.20, 0.04), while dissimilarity was moderately inversely correlated (r = -0.34). In multivariate models, neither count nor evenness was associated with change in waist circumference (WC) or incident @entity2175 . Greater food dissimilarity was associated with higher gain in WC (p-trend<0.01), with 120% higher gain in @entity1 in the highest quintile of dissimilarity scores. Diet diversity was not associated with incident @entity2175 . Also, none of the diversity metrics were associated with change in WC or incident @entity2175 when restricted to only healthier or less healthy foods. Higher diet quality was associated with lower risk of @entity2175 . Our findings provide little evidence for benefits of diet diversity for either @entity1144 or @entity6 . Greater dissimilarity among foods was actually associated with gain in WC. These results do not support the notion that "eating everything in moderation" leads to greater diet quality or better metabolic health.

title: Everything in Moderation - Dietary Diversity and Quality, XXXX and Risk of @entity6 .

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['Central Obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rapid improvements in the detection and tracking of early-stage @entity5 progression aim to guide decisions regarding cancer treatments as well as predict metastatic recurrence in @entity1 following surgery. Mathematical models may have the potential to further assist in estimating metastatic risk, particularly when paired with in vivo @entity5 data that faithfully represent all stages of disease progression. Herein, we describe mathematical analysis that uses data from @entity19 models of spontaneous @entity3 developing after surgical removal of orthotopically implanted @entity5 . Both presurgical ( @entity5 ) growth and postsurgical (metastatic) growth were quantified using bioluminescence and were then used to generate a mathematical formalism based on general laws of the disease (i.e., dissemination and growth). The model was able to fit and predict pre/postsurgical data at the level of the individual as well as the population. Our approach also enabled retrospective analysis of clinical data describing the probability of metastatic relapse as a function of @entity5 size. In these data-based models, interindividual variability was quantified by a key parameter of intrinsic metastatic potential. Critically, our analysis identified a highly nonlinear relationship between @entity5 size and postsurgical survival, suggesting possible threshold limits for the utility of @entity5 size as a predictor of metastatic recurrence. These findings represent a novel use of clinically relevant models to assess the impact of surgery on metastatic potential and may guide optimal timing of treatments in neoadjuvant (presurgical) and adjuvant (postsurgical) settings to maximize @entity1 benefit. @entity5 Res; 76(3); 1-13.   2015 AACR.

title: Modeling Spontaneous XXXX following Surgery: An In Vivo-In Silico Approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: The present study examined the genomic differences between @entity4021 virus (FMDV) R strain and its attenuated, @entity1573 -passaged (R(304)) strain. Eleven pairs of primers were used to amplify the complete genome of FMDV R and R(304) by RT-PCR. Each fragment was cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced. Nucleotide analyses showed that the genome encoding regions of R and R(304) strains open reading frame (ORF) were both 6966 @entity2036 (nt) in length, encoding 2322 @entity1522 . One hundred and ten @entity2036 or 32 @entity1522 were found to be mutated most frequently were in the 3A gene. The next highest rates of mutation were observed in the LP and 1D genes. No mutations were found in either the 2A or 2C genes. The length of 5'IRES region and 3'UTR were 450 nt and 94 nt, respectively. The 5'IRES region and 3'UTR had only 4 nt and 3 nt mutation, respectively after attenuation. The R(304) poly(A) tail length of 18 nt, while that of the R strain was 30 nt. This result demonstrated the primary genomic changes of a FMDV and its @entity536 , which has important implications in understanding the molecular epidemiology and functional genomics of FMDV.

title: Genomic comparison of @entity4021 virus R strain and its @entity1573 -passaged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated strain']

answer: @entity536 :: (MESH:C538265,Disease) :: ['attenuated strain']


abstract: The present study examined the genomic differences between @entity4021 virus (FMDV) R strain and its attenuated, @entity1573 -passaged (R(304)) strain. Eleven pairs of primers were used to amplify the complete genome of FMDV R and R(304) by RT-PCR. Each fragment was cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced. Nucleotide analyses showed that the genome encoding regions of R and R(304) strains open reading frame (ORF) were both 6966 @entity2036 (nt) in length, encoding 2322 @entity1522 . One hundred and ten @entity2036 or 32 @entity1522 were found to be mutated most frequently were in the 3A gene. The next highest rates of mutation were observed in the LP and 1D genes. No mutations were found in either the 2A or 2C genes. The length of 5'IRES region and 3'UTR were 450 nt and 94 nt, respectively. The 5'IRES region and 3'UTR had only 4 nt and 3 nt mutation, respectively after attenuation. The R(304) poly(A) tail length of 18 nt, while that of the R strain was 30 nt. This result demonstrated the primary genomic changes of a FMDV and its @entity536 , which has important implications in understanding the molecular epidemiology and functional genomics of FMDV.

title: Genomic comparison of XXXX virus R strain and its @entity1573 -passaged @entity536 .

answer: @entity4021 :: (MESH:D005536,Disease) :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']


abstract: The present study examined the genomic differences between @entity4021 virus (FMDV) R strain and its attenuated, @entity1573 -passaged (R(304)) strain. Eleven pairs of primers were used to amplify the complete genome of FMDV R and R(304) by RT-PCR. Each fragment was cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced. Nucleotide analyses showed that the genome encoding regions of R and R(304) strains open reading frame (ORF) were both 6966 @entity2036 (nt) in length, encoding 2322 @entity1522 . One hundred and ten @entity2036 or 32 @entity1522 were found to be mutated most frequently were in the 3A gene. The next highest rates of mutation were observed in the LP and 1D genes. No mutations were found in either the 2A or 2C genes. The length of 5'IRES region and 3'UTR were 450 nt and 94 nt, respectively. The 5'IRES region and 3'UTR had only 4 nt and 3 nt mutation, respectively after attenuation. The R(304) poly(A) tail length of 18 nt, while that of the R strain was 30 nt. This result demonstrated the primary genomic changes of a FMDV and its @entity536 , which has important implications in understanding the molecular epidemiology and functional genomics of FMDV.

title: Genomic comparison of @entity4021 virus R strain and its XXXX -passaged @entity536 .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Here we compared results of PCR/pyrosequencing to culture for detecting bacteria directly from blood. DNA was extracted from 1130 bloods on 913 @entity1 suspected of @entity582 (enrollment criteria; physician-ordered blood culture and CBC), and 102 controls (healthy blood donors). Real-time PCR assays for beta-globin and Universal 16S rDNA targets were performed on all 1,232 extracts. Specimens identified by Universal 16S rDNA PCR/pyrosequencing as containing Staphylococci, Streptococci, or enteric gram-negative rod had target-specific PCR/pyrosequencing performed. Amplifiable beta-globin (Tm; 87.2  C   0.2  C) occurred in 99.1% (1120/1130) of @entity1 extracts and 100% (102/102) of controls. Concordance between PCR/pyrosequencing and culture was 96.9% (1085/1120) for Universal 16S rDNA target, with positivity rates of 9.4% (105/1120) and 11.3% (126/1120), respectively. Bacteria cultured included: Staphylococci (59/126, 46.8%), gram-negative rods (34/126, 27%), Streptococci (32/126, 25.4%), and Gram-positive rod (1/126, 0.8%). All controls screened negative by PCR/pyrosequencing. Clinical performance characteristics (95% CI) for Universal 16S rDNA PCR/pyrosequencing included sensitivity: 77.8% (69.5-84.7), specificity: 99.3% (98.6-99.7), @entity2286 : 93.3% (86.8-97.3), and NPV: 97.2% (96.0-98.2). Bacteria were accurately identified in 77.8% (98/126) of culture-confirmed sepsis with Universal 16S PCR/pyrosequencing and in 76.4% (96/126) with follow-up target-specific PCR/pyrosequencing. Initial PCR/pyrosequencing took    5.5 hours to complete, or    7.5 hours when including target-specific PCR/pyrosequencing compared to 27.9 +/- 13.6 hours for Gram stain or 81.6 +/- 24.0 hours for phenotypic identification. In summary, this molecular-based approach detected the causative bacteria in over three-quarters of all culture-confirmed cases of @entity582 directly from blood in significantly less time than standard culture, but cannot be used to rule-out infection.

title: Direct Screening of Blood by PCR and Pyrosequencing for a 16S rDNA Target from ED and ICU XXXX Being Evaluated for Bloodstream Infection.

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To increase radiologic knowledge, the distribution of mammographic features on prior screening mammograms of missed interval and screen-detected @entity5 was compared to the distribution on diagnostic mammograms of screen-detected @entity5 . The same variables were compared on mammograms of discordant and concordant screen-detected @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed in M  re og Romsdal County, Norway, as a part of the quality assurance of the Norwegian @entity0 Screening Program. @entity1 were screened using analog techniques and diagnosed from 2002 to 2008. Prior and diagnostic mammograms of 81 interval and 123 screen-detected @entity0 in @entity1 aged 50 to 71 years were retrospectively reviewed and classified as either missed or true by four experienced breast radiologists. Mammographic features were classified according to a modified Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. RESULTS: Thirty percent (24 of 81) of the interval @entity5 and 21% (26 of 123) of the screen-detected @entity5 were classified as missed. Calcifications, alone or in association with mass or asymmetry, tended to be more common on prior mammograms of missed @entity5 compared to diagnostic mammograms of screen-detected @entity5 (34% [17 of 50] vs 21% [26 of 123], P = .114), whereas an opposite trend was seen for mass (54% [27 of 50] vs 68% [84 of 123], P = .109). Similar results were seen when comparing discordant and concordant @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Calcifications represent a challenge in the interpretation of screening mammograms. For educational purposes, the importance of reviewing both interval and screen-detected @entity5 is obvious. Knowledge gained from systematic reviews might reduce the number of missed @entity5 on mammographic screening. Performing reviews according to established guidelines would make it possible to compare results across screening programs.

title: Missed and true interval and screen-detected XXXX in a population based screening program.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the relationship between aging and @entity73 is well established, there is substantial individual variability in the degree of @entity73 in older adults. The present study investigates whether variability in cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults is related to the presence of whole brain or tract-specific changes in white matter microstructure. Specifically, we examine whether age-related decline in performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a cognitive screening tool, is mediated by the white matter microstructural decline. We also examine if this relationship is driven by the presence of @entity65 factors or variability in cerebral arterial pulsatility, an index of @entity65 . Sixty-nine @entity1 (aged 43-87) completed behavioral and MRI testing including T1 structural, T2-weighted FLAIR, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Measures of white matter microstructure were calculated using diffusion tensor imaging analyses on the DWI sequence. Multiple linear regression revealed that MoCA scores were predicted by radial diffusivity (RaD) of white matter beyond age or other cerebral measures. While increasing age and arterial pulsatility were associated with increasing RaD, these factors did not mediate the relationship between total white matter RaD and MoCA. Further, the relationship between MoCA and RaD was specific to @entity1 who reported at least one @entity65 factor. These findings highlight the importance of @entity65 factors in the presentation of @entity73 in old age. Further work is needed to establish whether medical or lifestyle management of these risk factors can prevent or reverse @entity73 in old age.

title: Microstructural white matter changes mediate age-related XXXX on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: Purpose: Tumor regression grade (TRG) is predictive of therapeutic response in @entity5 @entity1 after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by curative resection. However, various TRG systems have been suggested, with subjective categorization, resulting in interobserver variability. This study compared the prognostic validity of four different TRG systems in order to identify the most ideal TRG system. Materials and Methods: This study included 933 @entity1 who underwent preoperative CRT and curative resection. @entity5 alone were graded according to the AJCC, Dworak, and Ryan TRG systems, and both @entity5 and regional lymph nodes were graded according to a modified Dworak TRG system. The ability of each TRG system to predict @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was analyzed using   2 and C statistics. Results: All four TRG systems were significantly predictive of both @entity1349 and @entity1349 (P<0.001 each), however none was a better predictor of prognosis than ypStage. Among the four TRGs, the mDworak TRG system was a better predictor of @entity1349 and @entity1349 than the AJCC, Dworak, and Ryan TRG systems, and both the   2 and C statistics were higher for the former, although the differences were not statistically significant. The combination of ypStage and the modified Dworak TRG better predicted @entity1349 and @entity1349 than ypStage alone. Conclusion: s The modified Dworak TRG system for evaluation of entire @entity5 including regional lymph nodes is a better predictor of survival than current TRG systems for evaluation of the @entity5 alone.

title: What Is the Ideal Tumor Regression Grading System in XXXX @entity1 After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'Primary tumors', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'recurrence free survival', 'RFS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: Purpose: Tumor regression grade (TRG) is predictive of therapeutic response in @entity5 @entity1 after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by curative resection. However, various TRG systems have been suggested, with subjective categorization, resulting in interobserver variability. This study compared the prognostic validity of four different TRG systems in order to identify the most ideal TRG system. Materials and Methods: This study included 933 @entity1 who underwent preoperative CRT and curative resection. @entity5 alone were graded according to the AJCC, Dworak, and Ryan TRG systems, and both @entity5 and regional lymph nodes were graded according to a modified Dworak TRG system. The ability of each TRG system to predict @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was analyzed using   2 and C statistics. Results: All four TRG systems were significantly predictive of both @entity1349 and @entity1349 (P<0.001 each), however none was a better predictor of prognosis than ypStage. Among the four TRGs, the mDworak TRG system was a better predictor of @entity1349 and @entity1349 than the AJCC, Dworak, and Ryan TRG systems, and both the   2 and C statistics were higher for the former, although the differences were not statistically significant. The combination of ypStage and the modified Dworak TRG better predicted @entity1349 and @entity1349 than ypStage alone. Conclusion: s The modified Dworak TRG system for evaluation of entire @entity5 including regional lymph nodes is a better predictor of survival than current TRG systems for evaluation of the @entity5 alone.

title: What Is the Ideal Tumor Regression Grading System in @entity5 XXXX After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To propose standardized consensus definitions for important clinical endpoints in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), investigations in an effort to improve the quality of clinical research and to enable meaningful comparisons between clinical trials. To make these consensus definitions accessible to all stakeholders in TAVI clinical research through a peer reviewed publication, on behalf of the public health. BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation may provide a worthwhile less invasive treatment in many @entity1 with severe @entity472 and since its introduction to the medical community in 2002, there has been an explosive growth in procedures. The integration of TAVI into daily clinical practice should be guided by academic activities, which requires a harmonized and structured process for data collection, interpretation, and reporting during well-conducted clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Valve @entity4207 established an independent collaboration between Academic Research organizations and specialty societies (cardiology and cardiac surgery) in the USA and Europe. Two meetings, in San Francisco, California (September 2009) and in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (December 2009), including key physician experts, and representatives from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and device manufacturers, were focused on creating consistent endpoint definitions and consensus recommendations for implementation in TAVI clinical research programs. Important considerations in developing endpoint definitions included (i) respect for the historical legacy of surgical valve guidelines; (ii) identification of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with clinical events; (iii) emphasis on clinical relevance. Consensus criteria were developed for the following endpoints: mortality, @entity583 , @entity64 , @entity548 , @entity455 , and prosthetic valve performance. Composite endpoints for TAVI safety and effectiveness were also recommended. CONCLUSION: Although consensus criteria will invariably include certain arbitrary features, an organized multidisciplinary process to develop specific definitions for TAVI clinical research should provide consistency across studies that can facilitate the evaluation of this new important catheter-based therapy. The broadly based consensus endpoint definitions described in this document may be useful for regulatory and clinical trial purposes.

title: Standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation clinical trials: a consensus report from the Valve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury, vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic Research Consortium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Academic Research Consortium']


abstract: Stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Chemicals released during @entity296 activate cardiac afferents. This study was to determine the responses of neurons in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the cardiac afferent activation caused by exogenous chemicals or @entity296 using an extracellular single-unit recording method. @entity35 were anaesthetized and underwent bilateral cervical @entity11419 ( @entity11419 ) and carotid and aortic baroreceptor denervation (BD). In 196 spontaneously active neurons in parvicellular PVN, 60 (30.6%), 36 (18.4%) and 91 (46.4%) neurons were respectively sensitive, mildly sensitive and insensitive to @entity2951 , while nine (4.6%) neurons showed inhibitory responses to @entity2951 . Epicardial application of @entity2951 activated @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in the PVN and increased mean arterial pressure. These neurons were also sensitive to exogenous @entity1812 , @entity859 and @entity274 . The neuron response is not secondary to a @entity2951 -induced increase in mean arterial pressure because a similar degree of pressor response induced by @entity1498 did not increase the neuron activity. Compared with intact @entity35 , @entity11419 or BD or combined @entity11419 and BD increased the response of @entity2951 -sensitive neurons to epicardial application of @entity2951 , while stimulation of vagal afferents inhibited the response. @entity296 caused increases in the activity of @entity2951 -sensitive neurons and renal sympathetic nerve activity. The results indicate that chemical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents activates @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in parvicellular PVN, which is inhibited by the afferent activities of vagi and arterial baroreceptors. Acute @entity296 activates @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in PVN and enhances sympathetic outflow.

title: Responses of neurons in paraventricular nucleus to activation of cardiac afferents and XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia', 'Myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity11419 :: ('MESH:C536827', 'Disease') :: ['vagal denervation', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: Stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Chemicals released during @entity296 activate cardiac afferents. This study was to determine the responses of neurons in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the cardiac afferent activation caused by exogenous chemicals or @entity296 using an extracellular single-unit recording method. @entity35 were anaesthetized and underwent bilateral cervical @entity11419 ( @entity11419 ) and carotid and aortic baroreceptor denervation (BD). In 196 spontaneously active neurons in parvicellular PVN, 60 (30.6%), 36 (18.4%) and 91 (46.4%) neurons were respectively sensitive, mildly sensitive and insensitive to @entity2951 , while nine (4.6%) neurons showed inhibitory responses to @entity2951 . Epicardial application of @entity2951 activated @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in the PVN and increased mean arterial pressure. These neurons were also sensitive to exogenous @entity1812 , @entity859 and @entity274 . The neuron response is not secondary to a @entity2951 -induced increase in mean arterial pressure because a similar degree of pressor response induced by @entity1498 did not increase the neuron activity. Compared with intact @entity35 , @entity11419 or BD or combined @entity11419 and BD increased the response of @entity2951 -sensitive neurons to epicardial application of @entity2951 , while stimulation of vagal afferents inhibited the response. @entity296 caused increases in the activity of @entity2951 -sensitive neurons and renal sympathetic nerve activity. The results indicate that chemical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents activates @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in parvicellular PVN, which is inhibited by the afferent activities of vagi and arterial baroreceptors. Acute @entity296 activates @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in PVN and enhances sympathetic outflow.

title: Responses of neurons in paraventricular nucleus to activation of cardiac afferents and @entity296 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis for @entity1 with return of spontaneous circulation after @entity130 -related @entity1167 ( @entity72498 ) is unclear. Our purpose was to (1) determine outcomes for @entity1 with @entity72498 resuscitated and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), (2) identify ICU-based predictors of in-hospital @entity204 in this population, and (3) compare outcomes of @entity1 resuscitated from @entity72498 and atraumatic @entity1167 (ATCA). METHODS: We performed a cohort study using a registry of ICU admissions from 120 US hospitals from 2001 to 2005. Inclusion criteria were age >17 years, admission to ICU via the emergency department, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation preceding ICU arrival. The primary outcome measure was survival to hospital discharge. We compared @entity72498 and ATCA using binomial test and performed multivariable logistic regression to determine independent predictors of @entity204 among @entity130 subjects. RESULTS: A total of 4,048 subjects were included (309 @entity72498 and 3,739 nonTRCA). Forty percent of @entity130 subjects survived. Independent predictors of @entity204 among @entity130 subjects included persistent postresuscitation @entity65 in the ICU and presentation to a nontrauma center. Despite being younger and having fewer comorbidities, subjects with @entity72498 had lower survival than subjects with ATCA (40% vs. 49%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower survival than ATCAs, a significant percentage of TRCAs surviving to ICU admission were discharged alive. This suggests aggressive support of this population is not necessarily futile. Investigation into whether optimization of postresuscitation factors would improve outcome for these @entity1 may be warranted.

title: Outcomes of XXXX victims with @entity1167 who survive to intensive care unit admission.

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis for @entity1 with return of spontaneous circulation after @entity130 -related @entity1167 ( @entity72498 ) is unclear. Our purpose was to (1) determine outcomes for @entity1 with @entity72498 resuscitated and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), (2) identify ICU-based predictors of in-hospital @entity204 in this population, and (3) compare outcomes of @entity1 resuscitated from @entity72498 and atraumatic @entity1167 (ATCA). METHODS: We performed a cohort study using a registry of ICU admissions from 120 US hospitals from 2001 to 2005. Inclusion criteria were age >17 years, admission to ICU via the emergency department, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation preceding ICU arrival. The primary outcome measure was survival to hospital discharge. We compared @entity72498 and ATCA using binomial test and performed multivariable logistic regression to determine independent predictors of @entity204 among @entity130 subjects. RESULTS: A total of 4,048 subjects were included (309 @entity72498 and 3,739 nonTRCA). Forty percent of @entity130 subjects survived. Independent predictors of @entity204 among @entity130 subjects included persistent postresuscitation @entity65 in the ICU and presentation to a nontrauma center. Despite being younger and having fewer comorbidities, subjects with @entity72498 had lower survival than subjects with ATCA (40% vs. 49%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower survival than ATCAs, a significant percentage of TRCAs surviving to ICU admission were discharged alive. This suggests aggressive support of this population is not necessarily futile. Investigation into whether optimization of postresuscitation factors would improve outcome for these @entity1 may be warranted.

title: Outcomes of @entity130 victims with XXXX who survive to intensive care unit admission.

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive case series. OBJECTIVE: To assess the symptoms, neurologic signs, and radiologic findings in a large series of @entity1 with @entity602 due to spinal dural arteriovenous @entity292 (SDAVF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND: The clinical diagnosis of SDAVF is difficult because presenting symptoms and signs can be similar to those seen with spinal canal stenosis or peripheral nerve or root disorders. METHODS: We reviewed 153 consecutive @entity1 with SDAVF treated surgically at our institution between 1985 and 2008. Before surgery, all @entity1 had detailed neurologic examination, 147 @entity1 had spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and all but one, had spinal angiography. We evaluated associations between symptoms, physical signs, spinal cord T2 signal abnormality on MRI, and @entity292 level on angiogram. RESULTS: Mean age was 63.5 years and 119 (77.8%) were @entity1 . @entity425 and sensory changes are usually symmetric and ascend from the lower extremities. Presenting symptoms included @entity425 (74 @entity1 , 48.4%), leg @entity132 (41 @entity1 , 26.8%), @entity158 involving back or legs (31 @entity1 , 20.3%), and @entity132 (6 @entity1 , 3.9%). @entity425 with @entity12967 was present in 66 (43.1%) @entity1 and correlated with @entity292 location (P=0.04). Pinprick level was identified in 57 (37.3%) @entity1 ; L1 level (22.8%) was the most common, followed by T10 (19.3%). Fistula level (  2 levels) corresponded to pinprick level in only 40% of these @entity1 . T2 signal abnormality involved the conus in 95% of our @entity1 . Highest cord level of T2 signal hyperintensity (  2 levels) corresponded to pinprick level in 25% of cases. CONCLUSION: Leg weakness exacerbated by exercise, likely due to worsening @entity101 in the arterialized draining vein, is a common manifestation of thoracic SDAVF. Although a sensory level is often found, it cannot reliably guide the level of imaging. Thus, the entire spine should be examined with MRI when an SDAVF is suspected.

title: The clinical and radiological presentation of spinal dural arteriovenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances', 'sphincter disturbances']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Weakness', 'leg weakness', 'Worsening weakness']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'thoracic fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 is a serious complication after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 . Previous studies have shown significantly decreased leak rates in diverted @entity1 with less severe clinical consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate short and long term outcome of selective ileostomy formation in a multicentre cohort of @entity1 undergoing pouch surgery. METHODS: In a retrospective study, 621 @entity1 undergoing pouch surgery for @entity29 ( @entity29 ) were identified from three large centres. @entity834 was defined as any leak confirmed by either contrast extravasation on imaging or during surgical re-intervention. RESULTS: In 305 @entity1 (49.1%), primary defunctioning ileostomy was created during pouch surgery and 41 (6.6%) @entity1 received a secondary ileostomy because of a leaking non-diverted pouch. Primary ileostomy formation was associated with male sex, @entity353 , @entity7943 > 2, @entity479 use, one-stage surgery, hand-sewn @entity254 and blood transfusion. Leak rates were comparable between diverted and non-diverted @entity1 (16.7% vs 17.1%, p=0.92), which remained unchanged in subgroups with immunosuppressive medication. Having had an ileostomy was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of @entity1744 (OR 2.58, 95%CI 1.45 - 4.67) and pouch fistulas (OR 3.05, 95%CI 1.06 - 8.73). The 10-year pouch survival was comparable for @entity1 with and without ileostomy (89% versus 88%, P=0.718). CONCLUSIONS: Leakage rates of diverted and non-diverted pouches in @entity29 @entity1 were similar and relatively high. Defunctioning was independently associated with long-term complications. A staged approach without defunctioning might be the best strategy.

title: Defunctioning ileostomy is not associated with reduced leakage in proctocolectomy and ileal pouch XXXX surgeries for @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 is a serious complication after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 . Previous studies have shown significantly decreased leak rates in diverted @entity1 with less severe clinical consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate short and long term outcome of selective ileostomy formation in a multicentre cohort of @entity1 undergoing pouch surgery. METHODS: In a retrospective study, 621 @entity1 undergoing pouch surgery for @entity29 ( @entity29 ) were identified from three large centres. @entity834 was defined as any leak confirmed by either contrast extravasation on imaging or during surgical re-intervention. RESULTS: In 305 @entity1 (49.1%), primary defunctioning ileostomy was created during pouch surgery and 41 (6.6%) @entity1 received a secondary ileostomy because of a leaking non-diverted pouch. Primary ileostomy formation was associated with male sex, @entity353 , @entity7943 > 2, @entity479 use, one-stage surgery, hand-sewn @entity254 and blood transfusion. Leak rates were comparable between diverted and non-diverted @entity1 (16.7% vs 17.1%, p=0.92), which remained unchanged in subgroups with immunosuppressive medication. Having had an ileostomy was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of @entity1744 (OR 2.58, 95%CI 1.45 - 4.67) and pouch fistulas (OR 3.05, 95%CI 1.06 - 8.73). The 10-year pouch survival was comparable for @entity1 with and without ileostomy (89% versus 88%, P=0.718). CONCLUSIONS: Leakage rates of diverted and non-diverted pouches in @entity29 @entity1 were similar and relatively high. Defunctioning was independently associated with long-term complications. A staged approach without defunctioning might be the best strategy.

title: Defunctioning ileostomy is not associated with reduced leakage in proctocolectomy and ileal pouch @entity254 surgeries for XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While it is well understood that individuals with @entity2026 have difficulty with discourse comprehension, very few studies have examined the nature of discourse comprehension deficits in @entity2026 and the potential for improvement in discourse comprehension after rehabilitation. To address the first goal, we previously developed the Test of Syntactic Effects on Discourse Comprehension (TSEDC), which provides a measure of the extent to which a @entity1 's sentence comprehension ability aids in comprehending passages (Levy et al., 2012). AIMS: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of a sentence comprehension treatment on the TSEDC to assess if training @entity1 to understand sentences of different @entity2026 would improve their ability to understand passages that vary by their level of @entity2026 . METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Forty @entity1 with @entity2026 received sentence comprehension treatment using one of two syntactic comprehension tasks: object manipulation (OM) or sentence to picture matching (SPM). The dependent measure was improved sentence comprehension of one sentence type in one task-related protocol, with the order of task and structure counterbalanced across @entity1 . Before and after treatment, @entity1 also completed a self-paced auditory story comprehension task which involved 9 passages that contained either semantically reversible canonical sentences (simple passages) or semantically reversible noncanonical sentences (complex passages). At the end of each passage, @entity1 were asked explicit or implicit questions about the story. Accuracy and reaction times were measured for each @entity1 for each story before and after treatment. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: Analysis of the treatment data revealed that @entity1 improved in their ability to understand trained sentences (both in terms of effect size and percent change on trained structure), irrespective of whether the trained task was SPM or OM. There was no significant relationship between treatment improvements on the SPM/OM treatment (even when the task targeted in treatment was controlled for) and changes in performance on the TSEDC. Also, there was no significant improvement in TSEDC accuracy after treatment, even when various aspects of the narrative passages, including passage complexity (simple/complex), the nature of sentence type (semantically constrained/semantically reversible) and the nature of questions asked (explicit or implicit) were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: Inherent differences between the sentence comprehension treatment and the TSEDC may have precluded generalization.

title: The effect of a sentence comprehension treatment on discourse comprehension in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'syntactic complexity']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly @entity1311 therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity0 in an unselected hospital-based @entity1 population. @entity1 AND METHODS: Using a specific search tool we were able to find 49 cases in our department-based database MedicoHelp containing more than 36,000 files. All cases were evaluable. The mean number of involved sites was 2.4 (range 1-4) and 38/49 @entity1 had @entity66 . 44 @entity1 received prior antitumor therapies, 33 @entity1 had received prior @entity4349 - and/or @entity3907 -containing chemotherapy. Weekly @entity1311 was given at a mean dose of 80 mg/m(2) (day 1, 8, 15, repeated every 28 days), 38 @entity1 with @entity1722 overexpression had a combination therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Median treatment duration with @entity1311 was 4.4 months (range 0.25-9 months). A dose reduction was necessary in 5 @entity1 . RESULTS: Therapy was tolerated well, with a 12% incidence of hematologic grade 3/4 @entity137 and 22% cumulative nonhematologic grade 3 @entity137 ( @entity1395 : 5 @entity1 , mucosa/skin: 3 @entity1 , @entity2359 : 3 @entity1 ). Other @entity137 were rare. The overall response rate was 63%. 22% of the @entity1 achieved disease stabilization. Symptom improvement was seen in 73% of @entity1 . The mean time to progression was 6.0 months (range 0.25-23 months). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly @entity1311 (mostly in combination with trastuzumab) is a well-tolerated regimen and had a surprisingly high efficacy in this observation study in heavily pre-treated @entity1 . Symptom improvement was seen in the majority of @entity1 who responded to the treatment.

title: Weekly @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) with or without trastuzumab (Herceptin) in XXXX : a community-based observation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['visceral predominant disease']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly @entity1311 therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity0 in an unselected hospital-based @entity1 population. @entity1 AND METHODS: Using a specific search tool we were able to find 49 cases in our department-based database MedicoHelp containing more than 36,000 files. All cases were evaluable. The mean number of involved sites was 2.4 (range 1-4) and 38/49 @entity1 had @entity66 . 44 @entity1 received prior antitumor therapies, 33 @entity1 had received prior @entity4349 - and/or @entity3907 -containing chemotherapy. Weekly @entity1311 was given at a mean dose of 80 mg/m(2) (day 1, 8, 15, repeated every 28 days), 38 @entity1 with @entity1722 overexpression had a combination therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Median treatment duration with @entity1311 was 4.4 months (range 0.25-9 months). A dose reduction was necessary in 5 @entity1 . RESULTS: Therapy was tolerated well, with a 12% incidence of hematologic grade 3/4 @entity137 and 22% cumulative nonhematologic grade 3 @entity137 ( @entity1395 : 5 @entity1 , mucosa/skin: 3 @entity1 , @entity2359 : 3 @entity1 ). Other @entity137 were rare. The overall response rate was 63%. 22% of the @entity1 achieved disease stabilization. Symptom improvement was seen in 73% of @entity1 . The mean time to progression was 6.0 months (range 0.25-23 months). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly @entity1311 (mostly in combination with trastuzumab) is a well-tolerated regimen and had a surprisingly high efficacy in this observation study in heavily pre-treated @entity1 . Symptom improvement was seen in the majority of @entity1 who responded to the treatment.

title: Weekly XXXX ( @entity1311 ) with or without trastuzumab (Herceptin) in @entity0 : a community-based observation study.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly @entity1311 therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity0 in an unselected hospital-based @entity1 population. @entity1 AND METHODS: Using a specific search tool we were able to find 49 cases in our department-based database MedicoHelp containing more than 36,000 files. All cases were evaluable. The mean number of involved sites was 2.4 (range 1-4) and 38/49 @entity1 had @entity66 . 44 @entity1 received prior antitumor therapies, 33 @entity1 had received prior @entity4349 - and/or @entity3907 -containing chemotherapy. Weekly @entity1311 was given at a mean dose of 80 mg/m(2) (day 1, 8, 15, repeated every 28 days), 38 @entity1 with @entity1722 overexpression had a combination therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Median treatment duration with @entity1311 was 4.4 months (range 0.25-9 months). A dose reduction was necessary in 5 @entity1 . RESULTS: Therapy was tolerated well, with a 12% incidence of hematologic grade 3/4 @entity137 and 22% cumulative nonhematologic grade 3 @entity137 ( @entity1395 : 5 @entity1 , mucosa/skin: 3 @entity1 , @entity2359 : 3 @entity1 ). Other @entity137 were rare. The overall response rate was 63%. 22% of the @entity1 achieved disease stabilization. Symptom improvement was seen in 73% of @entity1 . The mean time to progression was 6.0 months (range 0.25-23 months). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly @entity1311 (mostly in combination with trastuzumab) is a well-tolerated regimen and had a surprisingly high efficacy in this observation study in heavily pre-treated @entity1 . Symptom improvement was seen in the majority of @entity1 who responded to the treatment.

title: Weekly @entity1311 ( XXXX ) with or without trastuzumab (Herceptin) in @entity0 : a community-based observation study.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Taxol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Low-fat meat (LM) has been considered adequate under a @entity65 point of view. Meat enriched in walnut paste (WM) consumption produces beneficial antithrombogenic effects but with striking inter-individual variability that may be related to gene polymorphism. Variants in the @entity15783 gene ( @entity15783 ) polymorphism are known to affect the cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to compare the effects of consumption of WM and LM on @entity1423 , production of @entity2404 (TXA2) and prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), and the TXA2/PGI2 ratio in 22 volunteers with different @entity15783 polymorphism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six volunteers carried the @entity7647 allele ( @entity15783 -2) while 16 were homozygous for the His allele ( @entity15783 -1). Platelet aggregation, @entity3447 (measured as TXB2), PGI2 (measured as @entity33449 ), and the thrombogenic ratio (TXB2/ @entity33449 ) were determined at baseline and at weeks 3 and 5 for the WM and LM dietary periods. RESULTS: Platelet aggregation decreased significantly (P<0.05) more in @entity15783 -1 than in @entity15783 -2 volunteers at 3-wk WM period, while TXB2 levels dropped more in @entity15783 -2 than in @entity15783 -1 volunteers at 5-wk WM period. TXB2 levels and the TXB2/ @entity33449 ratio decreased significantly more (P<0.05) after 5 wk treatment in @entity15783 -2 than in @entity15783 -1 carriers on the WM diet than on the LM counterpart. However, @entity33449 levels increased more (P<0.05) in @entity15783 -1 than in @entity15783 -2 volunteers after the 5-wk WM period than after the 5-wk LM diet. CONCLUSIONS: Present results suggest that consumption of WM with respect to LM decrease the thrombogenic risk more in Gln carriers than in His/His.

title: The effect of consuming meat enriched in walnut paste on XXXX and thrombogenesis varies in volunteers with different apolipoprotein A4 genotype.

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: Most of our knowledge on the epidemiology of @entity5 in the USA relies on studies updated during the 1980s. The aim of this study was to describe USA population-based case-series incidence in the period 1992-1999. Data were retrieved from a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program public-use file. Incidence rates, male-to-female standardized ratios, estimated annual percentage changes and 5-year relative survival rates were computed, and 6830 malignant @entity4303 incident during 1992-1999 were analysed. The overall age-adjusted incidence rates were 1.9 per 100 000 for @entity1 and @entity1 . There was an excess in @entity1 for @entity358 , while rates were higher among @entity1 for carcinoids of the small intestine and rectum. From 1992 to 1999, incidence rates showed a 3% estimated annual increase. Thirteen per cent of the cases had @entity3 at diagnosis. In the present series, 24% of @entity4303 @entity1 had more than one @entity5 . The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 82%. In conclusion, improvements in diagnostic techniques seem to have influenced the epidemiology of @entity5 , leading to a slightly different site distribution and a better stage distribution at diagnosis. Increasing incidence and improving survival rates were shown.

title: XXXX in the USA, SEER 1992-1999. An epidemiological study with 6830 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'carcinoid tumours']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung and stomach carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant carcinoids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An association between @entity420 and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is well-established. We present our recent experience with this entity in order to further elucidate its clinicopathological features and update our series from 1991. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all surgical @entity1 with @entity420 and @entity30 seen at our institution between 1993 and 2009. Follow-up was assessed until time of @entity204 or by interview with survivors. Survival was calculated based on @entity2802 ( @entity5 extent, lymph node status, metastases staging) staging and comparing between our current and previous series. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (ten females and 19 males) were identified and followed for a median of 2 years. The median age at onset of @entity30 symptoms was 25, and the median age at @entity5 diagnosis was 55.4, for a mean interval of 25.3 years. Twenty-two @entity5 were ileal and five were jejunal. There were no @entity5 in excluded intestinal loops. Significant differences in 2-year survival were determined for: node-negative (79.3%, 95%CI 58.3-100%) versus node-positive @entity5 (49% %, 95%CI 20.0-78.0%), and for localized (92.3%, 95%CI 77.8-100%) versus metastatic disease (33.3%, 95%CI 6.6-60%). Overall 36-month survival was 69.3% (95%CI 51.5-87.1%) compared to 40% among those without excluded loops in our series from 1991. Sixteen @entity1 had long periods of quiescent disease before diagnosis (7-45 years), and 16 required surgery for bowel obstruction that was refractory to medical management. Adequate information was not retrievable for three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A comparison to our previous series reveals similar clinical characteristics and a high rate of node-positive @entity5 at diagnosis. Our findings also confirm two important clinical indicators of @entity5 : recrudescent symptoms after long periods of relative quiescence and @entity1744 that is refractory to medical therapy.

title: @entity420 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An association between @entity420 and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is well-established. We present our recent experience with this entity in order to further elucidate its clinicopathological features and update our series from 1991. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all surgical @entity1 with @entity420 and @entity30 seen at our institution between 1993 and 2009. Follow-up was assessed until time of @entity204 or by interview with survivors. Survival was calculated based on @entity2802 ( @entity5 extent, lymph node status, metastases staging) staging and comparing between our current and previous series. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (ten females and 19 males) were identified and followed for a median of 2 years. The median age at onset of @entity30 symptoms was 25, and the median age at @entity5 diagnosis was 55.4, for a mean interval of 25.3 years. Twenty-two @entity5 were ileal and five were jejunal. There were no @entity5 in excluded intestinal loops. Significant differences in 2-year survival were determined for: node-negative (79.3%, 95%CI 58.3-100%) versus node-positive @entity5 (49% %, 95%CI 20.0-78.0%), and for localized (92.3%, 95%CI 77.8-100%) versus metastatic disease (33.3%, 95%CI 6.6-60%). Overall 36-month survival was 69.3% (95%CI 51.5-87.1%) compared to 40% among those without excluded loops in our series from 1991. Sixteen @entity1 had long periods of quiescent disease before diagnosis (7-45 years), and 16 required surgery for bowel obstruction that was refractory to medical management. Adequate information was not retrievable for three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A comparison to our previous series reveals similar clinical characteristics and a high rate of node-positive @entity5 at diagnosis. Our findings also confirm two important clinical indicators of @entity5 : recrudescent symptoms after long periods of relative quiescence and @entity1744 that is refractory to medical therapy.

title: XXXX in @entity30 .

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Small bowel adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lipoproteins have been implicated to play a role in innate immunity. Changes in lipoprotein levels have been reported in a variety of @entity32 . Not much is known about lipoprotein metabolism in @entity1 with @entity295 . We conducted an ancillary study in a multiple-center phase III @entity295 trial to investigate the dynamics of plasma lipoproteins in @entity1 with @entity295 . DESIGN: Prospective analysis in @entity1 meeting criteria for @entity295 as part of a multiple-center @entity295 study (KyberSept) with antithrombin III (Kybernin P). SETTING: University hospital intensive care unit. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Randomized @entity1 received a loading dose of 6000 IU of antithrombin III (Kybernin P) or placebo followed by a 96-hr continuous infusion of 250 IU/hr antithrombin III (Kybernin P) or placebo. In each @entity1 , serial blood samples for total @entity165 , lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , apolipoprotein A-1, @entity755 , and @entity1851 determination as well as clinical data were collected over 28 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma @entity165 levels rapidly decreased from 2.67 +/- 2.02 mmol/L on day 0 to a nadir of 1.41 +/- 0.70 mmol/L on day 3, followed by a slow increase to 4.18 +/- 1.94 mmol/L on day 28. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentrations decreased rapidly from 0.84 +/- 0.92 mmol/L to a nadir of 0.42 +/- 0.35 mmol/L on day 3, to show a slow increase during the following 4 wks to 0.84 +/- 0.42 mmol/L. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 concentrations were already low (0.94 +/- 0.81 mmol/L) at study entry, to show a progressive increase to subnormal values (2.01 +/- 0.94 mmol/L) at 4 wks. Nadir and recovery lipoprotein concentrations were significantly different (paired Student's t-test, p <.05). A significant correlation was found between HDL @entity165 and apolipoprotein A-1 (r =.714, p <.05) and between LDL @entity165 and @entity755 (r =.733, p <.05). There was no statistical difference in lipoprotein concentrations either between survivors and nonsurvivors or between patients receiving antithrombin III or placebo. Serum amyloid A was a major apoprotein (45%) in HDL at the start of the @entity295 and was slowly replaced by apolipoprotein A-1 during recovery. A positive correlation was found between plasma @entity1851 concentrations and serum amyloid A concentrations in HDL (r =.684, p <.05). No other relevant correlations were found between inflammatory and lipoprotein parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity295 , lipoprotein concentrations rapidly change and can be reduced to 50% of recovery concentrations. The pattern of early rapid decline is found primarily in the HDL and a slow recovery in both HDL and LDL fractions. The correlation between apolipoprotein and lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations suggests a decline in lipoprotein particles. During @entity295 , HDL is shifted to acute phase HDL, which is enriched in serum amyloid A and depleted of @entity165 and apolipoprotein A-1. Lipoprotein concentrations are unable to discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors.

title: Lipoprotein metabolism in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'severe sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['severe sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lipoproteins have been implicated to play a role in innate immunity. Changes in lipoprotein levels have been reported in a variety of @entity32 . Not much is known about lipoprotein metabolism in @entity1 with @entity295 . We conducted an ancillary study in a multiple-center phase III @entity295 trial to investigate the dynamics of plasma lipoproteins in @entity1 with @entity295 . DESIGN: Prospective analysis in @entity1 meeting criteria for @entity295 as part of a multiple-center @entity295 study (KyberSept) with antithrombin III (Kybernin P). SETTING: University hospital intensive care unit. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Randomized @entity1 received a loading dose of 6000 IU of antithrombin III (Kybernin P) or placebo followed by a 96-hr continuous infusion of 250 IU/hr antithrombin III (Kybernin P) or placebo. In each @entity1 , serial blood samples for total @entity165 , lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , apolipoprotein A-1, @entity755 , and @entity1851 determination as well as clinical data were collected over 28 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma @entity165 levels rapidly decreased from 2.67 +/- 2.02 mmol/L on day 0 to a nadir of 1.41 +/- 0.70 mmol/L on day 3, followed by a slow increase to 4.18 +/- 1.94 mmol/L on day 28. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentrations decreased rapidly from 0.84 +/- 0.92 mmol/L to a nadir of 0.42 +/- 0.35 mmol/L on day 3, to show a slow increase during the following 4 wks to 0.84 +/- 0.42 mmol/L. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 concentrations were already low (0.94 +/- 0.81 mmol/L) at study entry, to show a progressive increase to subnormal values (2.01 +/- 0.94 mmol/L) at 4 wks. Nadir and recovery lipoprotein concentrations were significantly different (paired Student's t-test, p <.05). A significant correlation was found between HDL @entity165 and apolipoprotein A-1 (r =.714, p <.05) and between LDL @entity165 and @entity755 (r =.733, p <.05). There was no statistical difference in lipoprotein concentrations either between survivors and nonsurvivors or between patients receiving antithrombin III or placebo. Serum amyloid A was a major apoprotein (45%) in HDL at the start of the @entity295 and was slowly replaced by apolipoprotein A-1 during recovery. A positive correlation was found between plasma @entity1851 concentrations and serum amyloid A concentrations in HDL (r =.684, p <.05). No other relevant correlations were found between inflammatory and lipoprotein parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity295 , lipoprotein concentrations rapidly change and can be reduced to 50% of recovery concentrations. The pattern of early rapid decline is found primarily in the HDL and a slow recovery in both HDL and LDL fractions. The correlation between apolipoprotein and lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations suggests a decline in lipoprotein particles. During @entity295 , HDL is shifted to acute phase HDL, which is enriched in serum amyloid A and depleted of @entity165 and apolipoprotein A-1. Lipoprotein concentrations are unable to discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors.

title: Lipoprotein metabolism in XXXX with @entity295 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Total abdominal colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 is the intervention of choice for @entity1 with medically uncontrolled @entity31 . A three-stage approach is preferred in particularly debilitated @entity1 . In this setting, laparoscopic surgery has shown to be safe, offering several advantages over the open approach. Single incision laparoscopic surgery is a new minimally invasive approach which represents a true scarless procedure for the first step of the restorative proctocolectomy. In this article, we describe our technique in performing the single-incision total abdominal colectomy. METHODS: The single-access device is inserted through a circular incision made at the ileostomy site, which was marked preoperatively. The procedure is performed with conventional laparoscopic instruments through one 12-mm and three 5-mm trocars introduced in the single-access device gel platform. Good exposure of the operating field is obtained by changing the Trendelenburg position and the lateral tilting of the table. We start the operation by mobilizing the right colon, then proceeding clockwise to the rectosigmoid junction. The ileocolic pedicle is divided after the visualization of the right ureter and duodenum. The right colon is mobilized in the medial-to-lateral fashion. The hepatocolic ligament is taken down, and the transverse mesocolon and the greater omentum are divided to mobilize the transverse colon. Subsequently, the lateral attachments of descending colon are taken sharply, and the avascular line of Toldt is bluntly dissected. Under direct visualization of the left ureter, the inferior mesenteric vein and the branches of the sigmoid arteries are identified, dissected, and divided. After switching to a 5-mm laparoscope, the rectosigmoid junction is divided with an endoscopic stapler. The specimen is exteriorized, and the terminal ileum is divided extracorporeally. Finally, the ileostomy is matured in the standard Brooke fashion. CONCLUSION: Between May and November 2010, we performed ten single-incision total abdominal colectomies, all completed successfully without complications or need of conversion, with a mean operative time of 139  24 min and an estimated @entity190 of 100  120 ml. The postoperative course was unremarkable in all cases, with prompt return of bowel activity and short postoperative stay. In our experience, single-incision total abdominal colectomy has shown to be a safe alternative to standard laparoscopy in selected @entity1 and appears to be a promising technique with the potential to improve short-term outcomes.

title: Single incision ("scarless") laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with the implementation of intensive care in the setting of a field hospital, deployed to the site of a major urban disaster. DESIGN: Description of our experience during mission to @entity233 ; conclusions regarding implementation of intensive care at disaster sites. SETTING: Military Field Hospital at Adapazari in @entity233 . @entity1 : Civilian @entity1 admitted for care at the field hospital. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: On August 17, 1999 a major earthquake occurred in western @entity233 , causing approximately 16,000 fatalities and leaving >44,000 injured. Approximately 66,000 buildings were severely damaged or destroyed. A medical unit of the Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, consisting of 23 physicians, 13 nurses, nine paramedics, 13 medics, laboratory and roentgen technicians, pharmacists, and associated support personnel, were sent to Adapazari in @entity233 . The field hospital treated approximately 1,200 @entity1 over a period of 2 wks, 70 surgical operations were performed, 20 babies were delivered, and a variety of medical, surgical, orthopedic, and pediatric/neonatal care was provided. The 12-bed intensive care unit operated by the unit, was staffed by three physicians and eight nursing/paramedic personnel. @entity1 mix was: a total of 63 @entity1 , among them five with major @entity130 , 20 with @entity299 , 15 @entity1 with various acute medical conditions, and 11 surgical and postoperative @entity1 . Three @entity1 were intubated and mechanically ventilated (one @entity3126 and two major @entity130 ). The intensive care unit provided the following functions to the field hospital: care of the critically ill and injured, preparation for and implementation of transportation of such @entity1 , pre- and postoperative care for major surgical procedures, expertise, and equipment for the care of very ill @entity1 throughout the field hospital. CONCLUSIONS: In suitable circumstances, an intensive care capability should be an integral part of medical expeditions to major disasters.

title: Intensive care in a field hospital in an urban disaster area: lessons from the August 1999 earthquake in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac disease']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Lower @entity1254 levels are associated with higher risk of incident @entity164 2 @entity6 . Most analyses have been adjusted for confounding factors, but few have taken into account insulin resistance per se. We tested the hypothesis that the association of @entity1254 levels with incident @entity164 2 @entity6 differs between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive individuals. METHODS: We studied two prospective cohorts: the Framingham Offspring Study (n   =   2,023) and the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4/F4 study (n   =   887) cohorts. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used logistic regression analysis to test the association between @entity1254 and incident @entity164 2 @entity6 overall and in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive individuals (defined by >=  vs <75th percentile of HOMA-IR). RESULTS: At baseline, Framingham's @entity1 were 60        9 years old and 56% were @entity1 ; KORA's @entity1 were 63        5 years old and 49% were @entity1 . @entity164 2 @entity6 incidence was 5.4% over 6.5 years (n   =   109) in Framingham and 10.5% over 8 years (n   =   93) in KORA. Lower @entity1254 levels were associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 incidence in both cohorts. In insulin-resistant individuals, lower @entity1254 levels were associated with higher risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 incidence (OR 1.60 [95% CI 1.10-2.31] per SD decrease in Framingham, p   =   0.01; and OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.16-4.73] in KORA, p   =   0.02); while this was not observed in insulin-sensitive individuals (OR 1.10 [95% CI 0.73-1.67] in Framingham, p   =   0.64; and OR 1.34 [95%CI: 0.88-2.03] in KORA, p   =   0.18). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We conclude that lower @entity1254 levels are associated with higher risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 in insulin-resistant but not in insulin-sensitive individuals. This suggests that some level of insulin resistance is needed to see deleterious effects of low @entity1254 .

title: Insulin resistance influences the association of XXXX levels with @entity6 incidence in two population-based cohorts: the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4/F4 study and the Framingham Offspring Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']