abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the safety and efficacy of @entity1855 and @entity3988 with respect to ventricular response in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) @entity299 . DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1984 to 1993, followed by a manual search of the bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were case reports, controlled trials, review articles and editorials. DATA EXTRACTION: Effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on hemodynamics, ventricular response in @entity955 , clinical parameters and mortality were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are limited data about the effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity712 . In vitro @entity3988 has fewer negative inotropic effects than @entity1855 . Clinically there are some reports of hemodynamic and clinical deterioration in @entity1 with significant @entity1002 given @entity1855 although most @entity1 improve with @entity1855 . There are more data concerning @entity3988 in the setting of @entity955 complicated by @entity712 . The drug does not appear to exacerbate @entity712 , although @entity551 can result. In chronic @entity955 complicated by @entity712 , there is concern that @entity3988 may increase mortality. Options for therapy are digoxin, beta-blockers and @entity713 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity460 channel blockers may have a role in the acute reduction of ventricular response in @entity1 with @entity955 complicated by @entity712 ; however, their safety in chronic heart rate control remains to be proven.

title: XXXX channel blockers for heart rate control in @entity955 complicated by @entity712 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Giant duodenal @entity1066 is a variant of peptic @entity1066 that is 2 cm in diameter or greater and essentially replaces the duodenal bulb. Diagnosis by upper gastrointestinal series is often missed, due to the large size of the @entity1066 , which causes it to look like a scarred duodenal bulb or duodenal diverticulum. This study reviews our experience with 32 @entity1 who presented with giant duodenal @entity1066 between 1963 and 1982. Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 between 30 and 81 years of age (mean age 59 years). @entity360 was a presenting symptom in 75 percent of the @entity1 and free perforation in 9 percent. Diagnosis was made by upper gastrointestinal series (24 @entity1 ), and endoscopy (11 @entity1 ), alone or in combination. Three @entity1 were diagnosed at surgery and one at necropsy. Mean size of the @entity1066 was 3.5 cm in diameter, range 2 to 6 cm. Twenty-four @entity1 were initially managed medically (mean length of treatment 41 months), with 2 deaths ( @entity548 ) and 20 recurrences (83 percent). Twenty-seven operations were required in 25 @entity1 . In 17 of the 25, medical treatment had failed. Seven of these @entity1 required emergency surgery. Eight @entity1 were managed primarily by surgery, of whom five presented emergently. There were three deaths in the surgical group after emergency surgery. In two of these @entity1 , medical treatment had failed. There were no deaths among the elective surgery group. Twenty-five of the 27 operative procedures were definitive, acid-reducing operations (15 vagotomy and antrectomy and 10 vagotomy and drainage). Two @entity1 underwent emergency exploration and oversewing of a giant perforated @entity1066 alone, and both @entity1 required subsequent surgery because of symptoms. The results indicate that giant duodenal @entity1066 should be primarily surgically managed and that an acid-reducing procedure should be performed during primary surgery. These @entity1 do very poorly with medical therapy, and the mortality rate is increased if emergency surgery is required for @entity548 . Medical treatment alone is associated with a high morbidity (92 percent). Should operation be required, a definitive acid reduction operation is the procedure of choice.

title: Management of giant duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue often accompanies @entity101 ; however, it has not been shown that heart muscle is similarly affected. The aims of this study were to determine whether basal and insulin-stimulated @entity413 transport and @entity413 transporter mRNA content are altered in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) heart. METHODS: Hearts from 16-18-month-old SHRs were compared to their normotensive (WKY) controls. The accumulation of @entity36262 (2DG6P), detected using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to assess @entity413 uptake before and during insulin stimulation in the isolated perfused heart. The mRNA levels of both the insulin-sensitive @entity413 transporter ( @entity19617 ) and the transporter responsible for basal @entity413 uptake ( @entity13345 ) were quantified by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The @entity101 @entity35 hearts exhibited @entity1184 in that the heart/body weight ratio was increased by 59%. In these hearts, the basal rate of @entity413 uptake was 3-fold greater and hexokinase activity was 1.6 fold greater than that of the control @entity35 hearts. On exposure to insulin, accumulation of 2DG6P increased 5-fold in the control hearts, but only 1.4-fold in the SHR hearts. Thus, in the presence of insulin, the rate of @entity413 uptake by the @entity101 @entity35 heart was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, being 82% of control. @entity19617 mRNA content was decreased was no significant difference in the @entity13345 mRNA content. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated insulin resistance in the hypertrophied heart of the @entity101 @entity35 that may have a molecular basis in a lower @entity19617 content.

title: Decreased @entity19617 mRNA content and insulin-sensitive deoxyglucose uptake show insulin resistance in the XXXX @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity36262 :: ('MESH:C015785', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue often accompanies @entity101 ; however, it has not been shown that heart muscle is similarly affected. The aims of this study were to determine whether basal and insulin-stimulated @entity413 transport and @entity413 transporter mRNA content are altered in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) heart. METHODS: Hearts from 16-18-month-old SHRs were compared to their normotensive (WKY) controls. The accumulation of @entity36262 (2DG6P), detected using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to assess @entity413 uptake before and during insulin stimulation in the isolated perfused heart. The mRNA levels of both the insulin-sensitive @entity413 transporter ( @entity19617 ) and the transporter responsible for basal @entity413 uptake ( @entity13345 ) were quantified by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The @entity101 @entity35 hearts exhibited @entity1184 in that the heart/body weight ratio was increased by 59%. In these hearts, the basal rate of @entity413 uptake was 3-fold greater and hexokinase activity was 1.6 fold greater than that of the control @entity35 hearts. On exposure to insulin, accumulation of 2DG6P increased 5-fold in the control hearts, but only 1.4-fold in the SHR hearts. Thus, in the presence of insulin, the rate of @entity413 uptake by the @entity101 @entity35 heart was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, being 82% of control. @entity19617 mRNA content was decreased was no significant difference in the @entity13345 mRNA content. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated insulin resistance in the hypertrophied heart of the @entity101 @entity35 that may have a molecular basis in a lower @entity19617 content.

title: Decreased XXXX mRNA content and insulin-sensitive deoxyglucose uptake show insulin resistance in the @entity101 @entity35 heart.

answer: @entity19617 :: (25139(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GLUT-4']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue often accompanies @entity101 ; however, it has not been shown that heart muscle is similarly affected. The aims of this study were to determine whether basal and insulin-stimulated @entity413 transport and @entity413 transporter mRNA content are altered in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) heart. METHODS: Hearts from 16-18-month-old SHRs were compared to their normotensive (WKY) controls. The accumulation of @entity36262 (2DG6P), detected using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to assess @entity413 uptake before and during insulin stimulation in the isolated perfused heart. The mRNA levels of both the insulin-sensitive @entity413 transporter ( @entity19617 ) and the transporter responsible for basal @entity413 uptake ( @entity13345 ) were quantified by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The @entity101 @entity35 hearts exhibited @entity1184 in that the heart/body weight ratio was increased by 59%. In these hearts, the basal rate of @entity413 uptake was 3-fold greater and hexokinase activity was 1.6 fold greater than that of the control @entity35 hearts. On exposure to insulin, accumulation of 2DG6P increased 5-fold in the control hearts, but only 1.4-fold in the SHR hearts. Thus, in the presence of insulin, the rate of @entity413 uptake by the @entity101 @entity35 heart was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, being 82% of control. @entity19617 mRNA content was decreased was no significant difference in the @entity13345 mRNA content. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated insulin resistance in the hypertrophied heart of the @entity101 @entity35 that may have a molecular basis in a lower @entity19617 content.

title: Decreased @entity19617 mRNA content and insulin-sensitive deoxyglucose uptake show insulin resistance in the @entity101 XXXX heart.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Two different techniques were used to isolate potential cDNAs for @entity8595 : @entity4990 acyltransferase (LPA-AT) enzymes from Limnanthes douglasii. Both heterologous screening with the @entity2829 @entity73266 clone and in vivo complementation of the @entity526 mutant JC201 which is deficient in LPA-AT activity, were carried out. Clones identified by these procedures were different. Homology searches demonstrated that the clone isolated by heterologous probing, pLAT1, encodes a protein which is most similar to the @entity2829 (open reading frame in @entity73266 ) and @entity375 @entity73267 proteins, which are putative @entity4991 -AT sequences. This L. douglasii sequence shows much lower homology to the @entity526 LPA-AT protein PlsC, which is the only LPA-AT sequence confirmed by over-expression studies. The clone isolated by complementation, pLAT2, encodes a protein with homology to both @entity73267 and PlsC. It was not possible to over-express the complementing protein encoded by pLAT2 but further experimentation on membranes from complemented JC201 demonstrated that they possess a substrate specificity distinctly different from PlsC and similar to Limnanthes sp. microsome specificity. This data strongly supports the contention that pLAT2 is an LPA-AT clone. Northern blot analysis revealed different expression patterns for the two genes in pLAT1 and pLAT2. Transcription of the gene encoding the insert of pLAT2 occurred almost exclusively in developing seed tissue, whilst the cDNA of pLAT1 hybridised to poly(A)+ mRNA from seed, stem and leaf, demonstrating more widespread expression throughout the plant. Southern blot analysis indicated that the cDNA of pLAT2 was transcribed from a single-copy gene while that for pLAT1 was a member of a small gene family.

title: Identification of a cDNA that encodes a XXXX acyltransferase from Limnanthes douglasii.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate']


abstract: Two hundred seventy @entity1 with penetrating chest wall and @entity764 were treated at the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital in a 5.5-year period ending July 1982. Most (250) were males, and the average age was 29.3 years. One hundred thirty-four injuries were the result of gunshot wounds and 18 @entity1 had sustained shotgun wounds. Stab wounds were the cause of injury in 117 @entity1 . Most @entity1 were successfully treated with closed tube thoracostomy. Twenty-five @entity1 required emergency room thoracotomy, and 27 @entity1 were stable enough to be transported to the operating room for thoracotomy and repair of injuries. Survival in the @entity1 who had emergency room thoracotomy was 12 per cent and 78 percent in @entity1 who had operating room thoracotomy. All but one of the @entity1 who died following operating room thoracotomy died within 1 hour of admission. When thoracotomy is indicated, it frequently must be performed very soon after admission. The indications for emergency thoracotomy must be known and recognized early if it is to be an effective procedure.

title: Penetrating chest wall and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injuries']


abstract: This study presents data on cardiac output distribution and uterine and placental blood flows in pregnant @entity95 under chronic steady-state conditions. Ten liters and 67 fetuses were studied at 29 days of gestation, by means of radioactive microspheres. Five nonpregnant female animals were also studied for comparison. Mean cardiac outputs were 747.16 +/- 55.7 and 613.80 +/- 63.76 ml/min in the pregnant and nonpregnant states, respectively. In the pregnant animals, uterine and mammary blood flows were 6.7% +/- 0.7% and 5.1% +/- 0.5% of cardiac output, respectively. Within litters, the highest placental blood flows occurred at the ovarian and vaginal ends of the uterine horn. Placental blood flow per gram of fetus was 0.106 +/- 0.008 ml X min-1 X gm-1. A comparison with analogous data in the @entity840 and @entity742 demonstrates that toward the end of pregnancy placental blood flow per gram of fetus is approximately 2.5-times higher in @entity742 than in @entity95 and @entity840 . Expressed as a percentage of cardiac output, near-term uterine blood flow is significantly less in @entity95 than in @entity840 and @entity742 , whereas mammary blood flow is significantly higher. These interspecies differences are related to differences in placental structure, fetal/maternal mass ratio, and @entity2175 at birth.

title: Cardiac output distribution and uteroplacental blood flow in the pregnant XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We reviewed the cytogenetic pattern of the malignant cells in 36 @entity1 who were < 20 years of age and who had M4 and @entity1778 , excluding M4Eo cases with inv(16). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular studies to determine the actual incidence of 11q23/ @entity11626 abnormalities in these @entity1 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 had 11q23 translocations or insertions detected by cytogenetic analysis (15 cases) or by FISH (3 cases); 10 @entity1 had t(9;11), all of whom had M5a. Eight @entity1 had other 11q23 translocations or insertions not involving chromosome 9[t(11q23)] (four each had @entity1778 ). Eighteen cases with M4/M5 did not have 11q23 abnormalities. @entity11626 rearrangements were found in all @entity1 with translocations or insertions of 11q23 who were studied. Clinically, @entity1 with t(9;11) were indistinguishable from other @entity1 with @entity1778 . In contrast, the t(11q23) group was characterized by extreme hyperleukocytosis, @entity149 , and skin involvement. @entity1 with the t(9;11) had a better outcome when compared with @entity1 in the t(11q23) group (EFS +/- SE at 3 years, 56 +/- 17% versus 10 +/- 10%, p = 0.04), and to all the remaining @entity1 with @entity1778 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular analysis provides a highly sensitive strategy for detection of 11q23/ @entity11626 gene rearrangements in childhood @entity1778 . Our more precise classification of these @entity1 allows a more accurate correlation with outcome. The favorable prognostic significance of the t(9;11) should be confirmed in prospective studies including a larger number of @entity1 as well as adults.

title: Abnormalities of chromosome band 11q23 and the @entity11626 gene in pediatric myelomonocytic and monoblastic XXXX . Identification of the t(9;11) as an indicator of long survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['M5 leukemias', 'M4-M5 leukemias', 'M4 or M5 leukemias']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemias']


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We reviewed the cytogenetic pattern of the malignant cells in 36 @entity1 who were < 20 years of age and who had M4 and @entity1778 , excluding M4Eo cases with inv(16). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular studies to determine the actual incidence of 11q23/ @entity11626 abnormalities in these @entity1 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 had 11q23 translocations or insertions detected by cytogenetic analysis (15 cases) or by FISH (3 cases); 10 @entity1 had t(9;11), all of whom had M5a. Eight @entity1 had other 11q23 translocations or insertions not involving chromosome 9[t(11q23)] (four each had @entity1778 ). Eighteen cases with M4/M5 did not have 11q23 abnormalities. @entity11626 rearrangements were found in all @entity1 with translocations or insertions of 11q23 who were studied. Clinically, @entity1 with t(9;11) were indistinguishable from other @entity1 with @entity1778 . In contrast, the t(11q23) group was characterized by extreme hyperleukocytosis, @entity149 , and skin involvement. @entity1 with the t(9;11) had a better outcome when compared with @entity1 in the t(11q23) group (EFS +/- SE at 3 years, 56 +/- 17% versus 10 +/- 10%, p = 0.04), and to all the remaining @entity1 with @entity1778 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular analysis provides a highly sensitive strategy for detection of 11q23/ @entity11626 gene rearrangements in childhood @entity1778 . Our more precise classification of these @entity1 allows a more accurate correlation with outcome. The favorable prognostic significance of the t(9;11) should be confirmed in prospective studies including a larger number of @entity1 as well as adults.

title: Abnormalities of chromosome band 11q23 and the XXXX gene in pediatric myelomonocytic and monoblastic @entity1778 . Identification of the t(9;11) as an indicator of long survival.

answer: @entity11626 :: (4297,Gene) :: ['MLL']


abstract: This paper reviews 14 @entity1 who underwent elbow arthrotomy for @entity4713 of the capitellum. The etiology in 7 of the 14 cases appears to be the result of repeated @entity130 from throwing sports. Five of the 14 described a singular significant traumatic episode, and in 2 of the 14, a clear etiology is uncertain. The diagnostic features including signs, symptoms, and elbow range of motion are examined. The operative findings are correlated with plain x-ray films of the elbow in all cases and with an elbow arthrogram in 11 out of 14 cases. The average length of followup was 24 months. The postoperative range of motion was increased an average of 18 degrees. Eighty-six percent (12 out of 14) @entity1 returned to organized, competitive athletic activity without restrictions. The Little League background of those @entity1 with apparent repetitive microtrauma to the elbow is examined in terms of length of pitching experience and types of pitches thrown. In addition, the throwing mechanism of these @entity1 is evaluated with respect to the type of delivery at possible risk for the development of @entity4713 . We conclude that after a failure of conservative therapy, surgical treatment, including removal of the intraarticular loose bodies, excision of @entity75 , and curettage to bleeding bone can be expected to produce @entity158 relief and improvement in joint motion. A return to organized competitive sport activities can be expected.

title: The surgical treatment of XXXX of the capitellum.

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['capitellar lesions']

answer: @entity4713 :: (MESH:D010007,Disease) :: ['osteochondritis']


abstract: In the years 1974 to 1981, herniography was performed in 78 athletes with groin @entity158 . The investigation comprised 101 @entity158 groin sides in 23 athletes with bilateral symptoms. Before herniography, a @entity547 was @entity3453 (7.9 percent) groins with @entity158 . @entity547 were found at herniography in 84.2 percent of the symptomatic groin sides and in 49.1 percent of the asymptomatic groin sides. Sixty-three @entity547 operations were performed. The herniographic and operative diagnoses corresponded well. Direct hernias dominated among the operated athletes, and were found in 55.6 percent of those below 30 years of age. Altogether 69.8 percent of the operated @entity1 were cured by @entity547 repair and another 20.6 percent were improved. Tenoperiostitis of the adductor muscles was the most frequent diagnosis in those not cured by operation and among the nonoperated @entity1 . Herniography was of great value in selecting those @entity1 who needed a repair. A broad differential diagnostic approach when examining these @entity1 is of the utmost importance.

title: Herniography in athletes with groin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['palpated in only eight']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Hernias']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity1729 and risk of @entity299 and @entity64 is well established. However, less evidence exists for an association between @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). In this article, we describe the associations between @entity1729 and @entity1211 . METHODS: All cases aged >= 18 years of first-time diagnosis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) were identified together with single-matched controls from a primary care general practice database. In addition to the matching characteristics, information was collected on other potentially important confounding factors. RESULTS: There were 457/11,557 (4.0%) @entity1150 cases with @entity1729 in the year before the index date (73 in the preceding month) compared with 262/11,557 (2.3%) controls (24 in the preceding month). There was an increased risk of @entity1150 in the month following infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR)   =   2.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.62-4.29] which persisted up to a year. There were 180/5162 (3.5%) @entity1151 cases with @entity1729 in the year before the index date compared with 94/5162 (1.8%) controls excluding those in the preceding month to avoid the possible misdiagnosis of early @entity1151 . There was an increased risk of @entity1151 in the 3 months following infection (adjusted OR   =   2.50, 95% CI 1.33-4.72) which may have persisted up to a year. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong associations between recent @entity1729 and @entity1211 . There should be less distinction between venous and arterial events in decisions about preventing or aborting @entity281 , especially in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Recent @entity1729 and risk of XXXX : case-control study through a general practice database.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attacks']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection and venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity1729 and risk of @entity299 and @entity64 is well established. However, less evidence exists for an association between @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). In this article, we describe the associations between @entity1729 and @entity1211 . METHODS: All cases aged >= 18 years of first-time diagnosis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) were identified together with single-matched controls from a primary care general practice database. In addition to the matching characteristics, information was collected on other potentially important confounding factors. RESULTS: There were 457/11,557 (4.0%) @entity1150 cases with @entity1729 in the year before the index date (73 in the preceding month) compared with 262/11,557 (2.3%) controls (24 in the preceding month). There was an increased risk of @entity1150 in the month following infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR)   =   2.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.62-4.29] which persisted up to a year. There were 180/5162 (3.5%) @entity1151 cases with @entity1729 in the year before the index date compared with 94/5162 (1.8%) controls excluding those in the preceding month to avoid the possible misdiagnosis of early @entity1151 . There was an increased risk of @entity1151 in the 3 months following infection (adjusted OR   =   2.50, 95% CI 1.33-4.72) which may have persisted up to a year. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong associations between recent @entity1729 and @entity1211 . There should be less distinction between venous and arterial events in decisions about preventing or aborting @entity281 , especially in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Recent XXXX and risk of @entity1211 : case-control study through a general practice database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity74 are associated with @entity25 . This study examines @entity25 correlates in @entity1 with SSc. METHODS: @entity1 are 180 SSc @entity1 in an observational study. At baseline, @entity1 completed the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep measure (MOS-Sleep scale). In addition, @entity1 were administered other @entity1 -reported outcome (PRO) measures including the 36-item short form (SF-36), @entity717 index (HAQ-DI), Functional Assessment of @entity102 Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue), @entity308 ( @entity308 ) scale and a University of California at Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Questionnaire (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0). Descriptive statistics were assessed for six scales of MOS-Sleep and the 9-item sleep problem index (SLP-9; a composite index). We computed Spearman's rank-order correlations between the MOS-Sleep scales and the HAQ-DI, FACIT-Fatigue, @entity308 , SSc-SCTC GIT 2.0 and SF-36 scales. In addition, we developed a regression model to assess predictors of SLP-9 scores. Covariates included demographics, physician variables of disease severity and @entity1 -reported variables of worsening symptoms and the PRO measures. RESULTS: SSc @entity1 reported a mean (s.d.) of 7.1 (1.73) h of sleep a night. @entity1 reported worse scores on four of six scales (except for snoring and sleep quantity) compared with the US general population (P < 0.001). SLP-9 was correlated with @entity158 and dyspnoea over the past 1 month, reflux scale of the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0, @entity308 and FACIT-Fatigue (   0.26-0.56). In the stepwise multivariate regression model, the @entity308 , worsening dyspnoea and reflux scale were significantly associated with SLP-9 index. CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbances are common in SSc and are associated with worsening dyspnoea, @entity308 mood and severity of @entity304 .

title: Prevalence and correlates of XXXX in systemic sclerosis--results from the UCLA scleroderma quality of life study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression', 'CESD', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Illness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['worsening pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ disability']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: Skeletal @entity121 size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 @entity1 and 34 @entity1 runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of @entity583 size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of @entity908 kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in @entity1 , 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in @entity1 , 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in @entity1 and 7-624 in @entity1 . A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; @entity1 432 +/- 583 (SD), @entity1 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In @entity1 and @entity1 , no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal @entity121 occurred in @entity1 vs. @entity1 runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined.

title: Enzymatic estimation of skeletal @entity121 by analysis of changes in serum XXXX kinase.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: Skeletal @entity121 size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 @entity1 and 34 @entity1 runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of @entity583 size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of @entity908 kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in @entity1 , 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in @entity1 , 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in @entity1 and 7-624 in @entity1 . A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; @entity1 432 +/- 583 (SD), @entity1 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In @entity1 and @entity1 , no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal @entity121 occurred in @entity1 vs. @entity1 runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined.

title: Enzymatic estimation of skeletal XXXX by analysis of changes in serum @entity908 kinase.

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications after @entity737 ( @entity737 ) replacement are often clinically devastating, particularly when @entity281 or reoperation occurs. Identifying factors contributing to complications may permit identification of high-risk individuals that warrant incremental monitoring and therapy to attenuate risk. In addition, replacement may be a discretionary decision in the context of an advisory or borderline device performance and @entity1 , device, and implanter factors that predict adverse outcome may assist in clinical decision-making. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective, multicenter, population-based registry of all @entity737 @entity1 at 18 centers in Ontario, Canada, we examined 45-day complication and all-cause mortality rates from February 2007 to August 2009 in @entity1 undergoing @entity737 generator replacement. Complications were determined longitudinally and were categorized as major or minor. @entity737 replacement was performed in 1081 of 5176 @entity1 (20.8%) undergoing @entity737 implantation (age, 64.3  12.7 years; 78.5% @entity1 ). In @entity1 undergoing @entity737 replacement, 47 @entity1 (4.3%) had a complication within 45 days, with 47 major complications in 28 @entity1 (2.6%), most commonly @entity281 (n=23), lead revision (n=35), electrical storm (n=14), and @entity3126 (n=13). Minor complications occurred in 2.3% of @entity1 , most commonly incisional @entity281 (n=10) and pocket @entity1410 (n=10). On multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with major complications were Canadian @entity65 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.70 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.027) and multiple previous procedures on the pocket (adjusted HR, 3.35 for >1 versus 1; P=0.058). Risk factors associated with any complication were the use of antiarrhythmic therapy (adjusted HR, 6.29; P=0.001), implanter volume (adjusted HR 10.4 for <60/y versus >120/y, P=0.026), and Canadian @entity65 (adjusted HR, 3.00 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.031). In a Cox model with a time-dependent variable of major complication within 45 days after replacement, major complications after @entity737 replacement were associated with an increased risk of mortality at 45, 90, and 180 days (adjusted HR, 9.61, 12.69, and 6.41, respectively; P=0.002 to 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with complications after @entity737 replacement include the presence of angina, antiarrhythmic therapy, increased number of previous procedures, and low implanter volume. Major complications may be associated with increased risk of subsequent mortality.

title: Predictors of short-term complications after @entity737 replacement: results from the Ontario XXXX Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Society angina class']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications after @entity737 ( @entity737 ) replacement are often clinically devastating, particularly when @entity281 or reoperation occurs. Identifying factors contributing to complications may permit identification of high-risk individuals that warrant incremental monitoring and therapy to attenuate risk. In addition, replacement may be a discretionary decision in the context of an advisory or borderline device performance and @entity1 , device, and implanter factors that predict adverse outcome may assist in clinical decision-making. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective, multicenter, population-based registry of all @entity737 @entity1 at 18 centers in Ontario, Canada, we examined 45-day complication and all-cause mortality rates from February 2007 to August 2009 in @entity1 undergoing @entity737 generator replacement. Complications were determined longitudinally and were categorized as major or minor. @entity737 replacement was performed in 1081 of 5176 @entity1 (20.8%) undergoing @entity737 implantation (age, 64.3  12.7 years; 78.5% @entity1 ). In @entity1 undergoing @entity737 replacement, 47 @entity1 (4.3%) had a complication within 45 days, with 47 major complications in 28 @entity1 (2.6%), most commonly @entity281 (n=23), lead revision (n=35), electrical storm (n=14), and @entity3126 (n=13). Minor complications occurred in 2.3% of @entity1 , most commonly incisional @entity281 (n=10) and pocket @entity1410 (n=10). On multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with major complications were Canadian @entity65 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.70 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.027) and multiple previous procedures on the pocket (adjusted HR, 3.35 for >1 versus 1; P=0.058). Risk factors associated with any complication were the use of antiarrhythmic therapy (adjusted HR, 6.29; P=0.001), implanter volume (adjusted HR 10.4 for <60/y versus >120/y, P=0.026), and Canadian @entity65 (adjusted HR, 3.00 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.031). In a Cox model with a time-dependent variable of major complication within 45 days after replacement, major complications after @entity737 replacement were associated with an increased risk of mortality at 45, 90, and 180 days (adjusted HR, 9.61, 12.69, and 6.41, respectively; P=0.002 to 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with complications after @entity737 replacement include the presence of angina, antiarrhythmic therapy, increased number of previous procedures, and low implanter volume. Major complications may be associated with increased risk of subsequent mortality.

title: Predictors of short-term complications after XXXX replacement: results from the Ontario @entity737 Database.

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']


abstract: Fibrin deposition is characteristic of inflammatory diseases. The monocytes is central to the inflammatory response and can affect fibrinolysis by expression of urokinase ( @entity2290 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor types 1 and 2 ( @entity2289 and @entity10933 , respectively). This study examines whether @entity556 , which promotes @entity527 , can contribute to fibrin persistence by modulating expression of proteins of the fibrinolytic system. Monocytes were isolated from @entity1 peripheral blood and analyzed for @entity10933 , @entity2289 , and @entity2290 antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Monocytes responded to @entity556 by increased expression of @entity10933 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with maximal synthesis at a concentration of 1 U/mL to 10 U/mL. This trend was also evident for @entity2289 , which was present at much lower levels. @entity556 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated comparable levels of @entity10933 , studied at the antigen and mRNA level. The dose effet of LPS on @entity10933 and @entity2289 was found to differ from that of @entity556 . The level of @entity2290 was undetectable by ELISA and zymography in all samples. @entity556 stimulates @entity10933 synthesis by @entity1 monocytes, therefore creating an imbalance in the fibrinolytic system. This may contribute to persistence of fibrin, deposited during @entity32 .

title: XXXX modulates synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 by @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: Fibrin deposition is characteristic of inflammatory diseases. The monocytes is central to the inflammatory response and can affect fibrinolysis by expression of urokinase ( @entity2290 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor types 1 and 2 ( @entity2289 and @entity10933 , respectively). This study examines whether @entity556 , which promotes @entity527 , can contribute to fibrin persistence by modulating expression of proteins of the fibrinolytic system. Monocytes were isolated from @entity1 peripheral blood and analyzed for @entity10933 , @entity2289 , and @entity2290 antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Monocytes responded to @entity556 by increased expression of @entity10933 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with maximal synthesis at a concentration of 1 U/mL to 10 U/mL. This trend was also evident for @entity2289 , which was present at much lower levels. @entity556 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated comparable levels of @entity10933 , studied at the antigen and mRNA level. The dose effet of LPS on @entity10933 and @entity2289 was found to differ from that of @entity556 . The level of @entity2290 was undetectable by ELISA and zymography in all samples. @entity556 stimulates @entity10933 synthesis by @entity1 monocytes, therefore creating an imbalance in the fibrinolytic system. This may contribute to persistence of fibrin, deposited during @entity32 .

title: @entity556 modulates synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 by XXXX peripheral blood monocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: Specimens have thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) measured prior to thyroglobulin (Tg) testing because the qualitative TgAb status (positive or negative) determines risk for Tg assay interference, and the quantitative TgAb concentration serves as a surrogate @entity5 marker for @entity259 . OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the reliability of four TgAb methods to detect interfering TgAb [as judged from abnormally low Tg immunometric assay (IMA) to Tg RIA ratios] and determine whether between-method conversion factors might prevent a change in method from disrupting TgAb monitoring. METHODS: Sera from selected and unselected TgAb-negative and TgAb-positive @entity259 patients had serum Tg measured by both IMA and RIA and TgAb measured by a reference method and three additional methods. RESULTS: The Tg IMA and Tg RIA values were concordant when TgAb was absent. Tg IMA to Tg RIA ratios below 75% were considered to indicate TgAb interference. Manufacturer-recommended cutoffs were set in the detectable range, and when used to determine the presence of TgAb misclassified many specimens displaying Tg interference as TgAb negative. False-negative misclassifications were virtually eliminated for two of four methods by using the @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) as the detection limit for TgAb. Relationships between values for different specimens were too variable to establish between-method conversion factors. CONCLUSIONS: Many specimens with interfering TgAb were misclassified as TgAb negative using manufacturer-recommended cutoffs. It is recommended that assay @entity2915 limits be used to detect TgAb to minimize false-negative misclassifications. However, for two of four assays, @entity2915 limits failed to detect interfering TgAb in 20-30% of cases. TgAb methods were too qualitatively and quantitatively variable to establish conversion factors that would allow a change in method without disrupting serial TgAb monitoring.

title: Current thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) assays often fail to detect interfering TgAb that can result in the reporting of falsely low/undetectable serum Tg IMA values for patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['analytical sensitivity', 'AS']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']


abstract: A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether chemical pleurodesis is superior to catheter drainage or @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ) in the management of @entity1 with @entity1143 . Overall 161 papers were found using the reported search, of which 14 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results are tabulated. We conclude that chemical pleurodesis is superior to chronic catheter drainage and @entity5033 in terms survival length and mortality rates but in @entity1 with @entity358 chronic intrapleural catheter placement is indicated. Six studies reported @entity1 outcomes after treatment with chemical pleurodesis. They report high success rates (89.4%) and low mortality rates (2%) without any need to convert to open thoracotomy. Mean hospital stay of 2.33 days, complication rates of 16.5% and mean survival length of 23.8    16.3 months were observed. Five studies managed @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) using chronic indwelling catheters. They reported mean survival length of 126 days. Symptomatic relief was achieved in 94.2% of @entity1 . There was a significant reduction in the Medical Research Council dyspnoea score (3.0-1.9, P < 0.001) and despite complication rates of 22%, comparable mortality rates (7.5%) were observed. Even in @entity1 with @entity358 , mean survival length was 125 days with symptomatic improvement being achieved in 90.9% of @entity1 . Three studies treated @entity3483 using PPSs. Mean hospital stay was 6.2 days (range 2-26) with a mean survival length of 11 months. Pleurodesis success rates varied from 57.1% to 95% with a complication rate of 14.8%. PPSs were shown to produce lower success rates (57.1% vs. 92.3%), shorter survival lengths (4.3    1.9 vs. 6.7    2.1 months) and higher complication rates (14.3% vs. 2.8%) than talc pleurodesis. Overall, chemical pleurodesis is the optimal treatment option for MPE with use of chronic intrapleural catheters reserved in cases where talc pleurodesis is not possible.

title: What is the best treatment for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['trapped lung syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['pleuroperitoneal shunts', 'PPS']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPEs', 'malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: Since endogenous 1:25 @entity560 (1:25VD) is principally involved with involution of secondary @entity2742 post-renal transplant we correlated 1:25VD levels with intact @entity461 in 82 random @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 of < 2 mg/dl and with normal hepatic function. All @entity1 studied were normocalcemic with normal @entity3151 and received @entity500 , @entity205 and @entity229 . Of considerable interest, of the 42 @entity1 studied after 2 years post-transplant, there were 8 (19%) @entity1 with intact @entity461 of more than twice the upper limit of normal (normal 10-65 pg/ml) and other 15 (36%) with @entity461 levels above normal. Secondly, in no @entity1 did we see 1:25VD above normal (normal 15-60 pg/ml) despite levels of @entity461 of > 200 pg/ml. Of concern, 20% of 73 @entity1 had 1:25VD deficiency (< 15 pg/ml). This may not have been previously appreciated because of the number of @entity1 studied. Like previous investigators, we failed to understand why 1:25VD levels were relatively low. There was no correlation between 1:25VD and serum @entity1011 . Of 25 @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 of 1.4 or less, there were 10 @entity1 (40%) with 1:25VD of less than 20 pg/ml. Since persistently high @entity461 can contribute to @entity79 , which is not uncommon post-transplant, we treated 8 @entity1 with small doses of oral 1:25VD ( @entity3873 ). In less than 6 months @entity461 levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 @entity1 . The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic @entity2742 is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. Monitoring for @entity461 and 1:25VD will help prevent @entity79 post-transplant now that @entity3873 is available.

title: @entity2742 associated with relatively low 1:25 @entity560 levels post-renal transplant can be successfully treated with oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['rocaltrol']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization', 'bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['calcitriol']


abstract: Since endogenous 1:25 @entity560 (1:25VD) is principally involved with involution of secondary @entity2742 post-renal transplant we correlated 1:25VD levels with intact @entity461 in 82 random @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 of < 2 mg/dl and with normal hepatic function. All @entity1 studied were normocalcemic with normal @entity3151 and received @entity500 , @entity205 and @entity229 . Of considerable interest, of the 42 @entity1 studied after 2 years post-transplant, there were 8 (19%) @entity1 with intact @entity461 of more than twice the upper limit of normal (normal 10-65 pg/ml) and other 15 (36%) with @entity461 levels above normal. Secondly, in no @entity1 did we see 1:25VD above normal (normal 15-60 pg/ml) despite levels of @entity461 of > 200 pg/ml. Of concern, 20% of 73 @entity1 had 1:25VD deficiency (< 15 pg/ml). This may not have been previously appreciated because of the number of @entity1 studied. Like previous investigators, we failed to understand why 1:25VD levels were relatively low. There was no correlation between 1:25VD and serum @entity1011 . Of 25 @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 of 1.4 or less, there were 10 @entity1 (40%) with 1:25VD of less than 20 pg/ml. Since persistently high @entity461 can contribute to @entity79 , which is not uncommon post-transplant, we treated 8 @entity1 with small doses of oral 1:25VD ( @entity3873 ). In less than 6 months @entity461 levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 @entity1 . The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic @entity2742 is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. Monitoring for @entity461 and 1:25VD will help prevent @entity79 post-transplant now that @entity3873 is available.

title: @entity2742 associated with relatively low 1:25 XXXX levels post-renal transplant can be successfully treated with oral @entity3873 .

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: Since endogenous 1:25 @entity560 (1:25VD) is principally involved with involution of secondary @entity2742 post-renal transplant we correlated 1:25VD levels with intact @entity461 in 82 random @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 of < 2 mg/dl and with normal hepatic function. All @entity1 studied were normocalcemic with normal @entity3151 and received @entity500 , @entity205 and @entity229 . Of considerable interest, of the 42 @entity1 studied after 2 years post-transplant, there were 8 (19%) @entity1 with intact @entity461 of more than twice the upper limit of normal (normal 10-65 pg/ml) and other 15 (36%) with @entity461 levels above normal. Secondly, in no @entity1 did we see 1:25VD above normal (normal 15-60 pg/ml) despite levels of @entity461 of > 200 pg/ml. Of concern, 20% of 73 @entity1 had 1:25VD deficiency (< 15 pg/ml). This may not have been previously appreciated because of the number of @entity1 studied. Like previous investigators, we failed to understand why 1:25VD levels were relatively low. There was no correlation between 1:25VD and serum @entity1011 . Of 25 @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 of 1.4 or less, there were 10 @entity1 (40%) with 1:25VD of less than 20 pg/ml. Since persistently high @entity461 can contribute to @entity79 , which is not uncommon post-transplant, we treated 8 @entity1 with small doses of oral 1:25VD ( @entity3873 ). In less than 6 months @entity461 levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 @entity1 . The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic @entity2742 is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. Monitoring for @entity461 and 1:25VD will help prevent @entity79 post-transplant now that @entity3873 is available.

title: XXXX associated with relatively low 1:25 @entity560 levels post-renal transplant can be successfully treated with oral @entity3873 .

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Glucocorticoids have been an important part of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, long-term daily glucocorticoid use is associated with a high incidence of unpleasant side effects. In an effort to minimize side effects while maintaining adequate immunosuppression, we have treated 48 adult @entity1 with low dose alternate-day @entity229 , 15 mg q.o.d. Pre-OLT diagnoses included @entity2835 (16 @entity1 ), @entity5881 (8 @entity1 ), sclerosing @entity255 (8 @entity1 ), cryptogenic @entity82 and/or non-A, @entity1956 (11 @entity1 ), @entity879 (3 @entity1 ), and @entity157 and @entity1126 (1 @entity1 each). Conversion to alternate-day @entity229 was attempted when @entity1 were clinically stable and the daily @entity229 dose was 15 mg. The average interval between OLT and beginning of the conversion to alternate-day @entity229 was 38 weeks. The mean time for conversion to alternate-day @entity229 was 35 weeks, but decreased as more experience was gained. The mean follow-up was 106 weeks. Cushingoid side effects diminished in all. In 47 of the 48 @entity1 , there were no clinical laboratory or histologic changes suggestive of rejection after the initiation of alternate-day @entity229 . A single episode of rejection occurred during the taper. This episode responded promptly to increased glucocorticoid therapy, and the @entity1 was easily converted to alternate-day @entity229 at a later date. There was no increase in concurrent immunosuppressives dosage after the conversion. Alternate-day @entity229 is effective and safe for chronic immunosuppression after OLT in @entity1 receiving @entity205 and @entity500 .

title: Alternate-day XXXX in the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy after orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['non-B hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To distinguish between the intestinal and diffuse types of @entity356 on brush cytology (BC). STUDY DESIGN: Brushing smears and biopsy samples obtained at endoscopic examination from 32 @entity1 with clinically or radiologically suspected @entity356 were included in the study. Cytologic smears were examined by 2 cytopathologists, using predetermined criteria to arrive at a consensus diagnosis. A meticulous attempt was made to distinguish between the 2 types of @entity356 . Cytologic diagnoses were correlated with the histologic diagnoses. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases (65.6%) were concordant between BC and endoscopic biopsy (EB) with respect to sub-typing. Two (6.2%) cases reported as 'poorly differentiated @entity420 ' on BC turned out to be 'diffuse type'. Three cases (9.4%) reported as 'diffuse type' on BC were 'intestinal type' on EB. Two of these discordant cases had intestinal metaplasia on BC, which should have suggested 'intestinal type' of @entity420 on BC. Three cases (9.4%) were false positive. On review, 2 of these false-positive cases showed cytologically convincing malignant cells, the third case was misinterpreted as diffuse type of @entity420 due to reactive glandular cells entangled in the mucoid background. Three (9.4%) EB were non-representative with only superficial mucosa; BC diagnosis in these 3 cases was intestinal type of @entity420 . CONCLUSION: Although, overlapping cytomorphology between the intestinal and diffuse types of @entity356 can cause diagnostic problem; with a meticulous cytomorphologic approach, it is possible to accurately distinguish between the 2 types in a considerable number of cases.

title: Distinction of intestinal and diffuse types of XXXX on brush cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric malignancy', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Periodontal diseases have long been postulated to contribute to @entity262 and, likewise, it has been proposed that @entity2520 treatment may ameliorate certain @entity262 . @entity22780 ( @entity14559 ) are major secondary metabolites produced by oral anaerobic bacteria and, among the SCFAs, @entity4877 (BA) in high amounts contribute to @entity2520 development. Periodontal disease level- @entity4877 (PDL-BA) is found among @entity1 suffering from @entity2520 and has previously shown to induce oxidative stress, whereas, oxidative stress is correlated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This would imply that PDL-BA may likewise stimulate ER stress, however, this was never elucidated. A better understanding of the correlation between PDL-BA and systemic ER stress stimulation could shed light on the possible systemic effects of PDL-BA-related @entity2520 . Here, PDL-BA was injected into the @entity7138 and the systemic blood obtained from the @entity35 jugular was collected at 0, 15, 60, and 180  min post-injection. Collected blood samples were purified and only the blood cytosol was used throughout this study. Subsequently, we measured blood cytosolic @entity21206 , @entity141 , representative apoptotic and inflammatory caspases, and @entity4026 amounts. We found that PDL-BA presence increased blood cytosolic @entity21206 and @entity141 amounts. Moreover, we observed that blood cytosolic caspases and @entity4026 were activated only at 60 and 180  min post-injection in the @entity35 @entity7138 . This suggests that PDL-BA administered through the @entity7138 may influence the systemic blood via ER stress stimulation and, moreover, prolonged PDL-BA retention in the @entity7138 may play a significant role in ER stress-related caspase and @entity4026 activation. In a @entity2520 scenario, we propose that PDL-BA-related ER stress stimulation leading to the simultaneous activation of apoptosis and @entity32 may contribute to @entity2520 pathogenesis.

title: Periodontal disease level- @entity4877 amounts locally administered in the @entity35 XXXX induce ER stress in the systemic blood.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity22780 :: ('MESH:D005232', 'Chemical') :: ['Short-chain fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['gingival mucosa']

answer: @entity7138 :: (MESH:D005885,Disease) :: ['gingival mucosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Periodontal diseases have long been postulated to contribute to @entity262 and, likewise, it has been proposed that @entity2520 treatment may ameliorate certain @entity262 . @entity22780 ( @entity14559 ) are major secondary metabolites produced by oral anaerobic bacteria and, among the SCFAs, @entity4877 (BA) in high amounts contribute to @entity2520 development. Periodontal disease level- @entity4877 (PDL-BA) is found among @entity1 suffering from @entity2520 and has previously shown to induce oxidative stress, whereas, oxidative stress is correlated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This would imply that PDL-BA may likewise stimulate ER stress, however, this was never elucidated. A better understanding of the correlation between PDL-BA and systemic ER stress stimulation could shed light on the possible systemic effects of PDL-BA-related @entity2520 . Here, PDL-BA was injected into the @entity7138 and the systemic blood obtained from the @entity35 jugular was collected at 0, 15, 60, and 180  min post-injection. Collected blood samples were purified and only the blood cytosol was used throughout this study. Subsequently, we measured blood cytosolic @entity21206 , @entity141 , representative apoptotic and inflammatory caspases, and @entity4026 amounts. We found that PDL-BA presence increased blood cytosolic @entity21206 and @entity141 amounts. Moreover, we observed that blood cytosolic caspases and @entity4026 were activated only at 60 and 180  min post-injection in the @entity35 @entity7138 . This suggests that PDL-BA administered through the @entity7138 may influence the systemic blood via ER stress stimulation and, moreover, prolonged PDL-BA retention in the @entity7138 may play a significant role in ER stress-related caspase and @entity4026 activation. In a @entity2520 scenario, we propose that PDL-BA-related ER stress stimulation leading to the simultaneous activation of apoptosis and @entity32 may contribute to @entity2520 pathogenesis.

title: Periodontal disease level- XXXX amounts locally administered in the @entity35 @entity7138 induce ER stress in the systemic blood.

answer: @entity4877 :: (MESH:D020148,Chemical) :: ['butyric acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Periodontal diseases have long been postulated to contribute to @entity262 and, likewise, it has been proposed that @entity2520 treatment may ameliorate certain @entity262 . @entity22780 ( @entity14559 ) are major secondary metabolites produced by oral anaerobic bacteria and, among the SCFAs, @entity4877 (BA) in high amounts contribute to @entity2520 development. Periodontal disease level- @entity4877 (PDL-BA) is found among @entity1 suffering from @entity2520 and has previously shown to induce oxidative stress, whereas, oxidative stress is correlated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This would imply that PDL-BA may likewise stimulate ER stress, however, this was never elucidated. A better understanding of the correlation between PDL-BA and systemic ER stress stimulation could shed light on the possible systemic effects of PDL-BA-related @entity2520 . Here, PDL-BA was injected into the @entity7138 and the systemic blood obtained from the @entity35 jugular was collected at 0, 15, 60, and 180  min post-injection. Collected blood samples were purified and only the blood cytosol was used throughout this study. Subsequently, we measured blood cytosolic @entity21206 , @entity141 , representative apoptotic and inflammatory caspases, and @entity4026 amounts. We found that PDL-BA presence increased blood cytosolic @entity21206 and @entity141 amounts. Moreover, we observed that blood cytosolic caspases and @entity4026 were activated only at 60 and 180  min post-injection in the @entity35 @entity7138 . This suggests that PDL-BA administered through the @entity7138 may influence the systemic blood via ER stress stimulation and, moreover, prolonged PDL-BA retention in the @entity7138 may play a significant role in ER stress-related caspase and @entity4026 activation. In a @entity2520 scenario, we propose that PDL-BA-related ER stress stimulation leading to the simultaneous activation of apoptosis and @entity32 may contribute to @entity2520 pathogenesis.

title: Periodontal disease level- @entity4877 amounts locally administered in the XXXX @entity7138 induce ER stress in the systemic blood.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In @entity235 , the cervical esophagus was divided 5 cm cranial to the thoracic inlet employing a stapler. The distal esophageal stump was attached to the external surface of the @entity825 . A @entity4649 (2 1/2 revolutions) was made in a 3-cm long segment constituting the distal end of the proximal esophageal segment. This was twisted on a bias with the muscle edges approximated by interrupted stitches to cover the denuded submucosal layer. With moderate traction, this segment could be elongated to a length of 5 cm. A subcutaneous tunnel was created in the anterior chest to accommodate the reconstructed proximal esophageal segment (under slight traction), with its distal end forming a cutaneous esophagostomy. A gastrostomy was created using a Gauderer button (Bard Interventional Products, Billerica, MA) for feeding. After 3 weeks, the proximal esophageal segment was mobilized and removed from the subcutaneous tunnel. The distal esophageal segment was freed from the @entity825 and 5 to 8 cm of its proximal end was excised. The proximal (myotomized) esophagus was brought down to the stump of the remaining distal esophagus and an @entity254 formed in an end-to-end fashion. Oral feeding was reestablished within 1 week. Prolonged ingestion, observed soon after operation, gradually improved. During a period of 1 to 6 months after the operation, motility of the myotomized segment was tested by barium swallow and manometry. There was neither diverticulum formation nor @entity850 . Transit of contrast material in the myotomized segment was smooth and rapid. Manometry demonstrated preservation of motility in the myotomized segment of the esophagus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A staged approach to long gap esophageal atresia employing a XXXX and delayed reconstruction of the esophagus: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4649 :: ('MESH:C563535', 'Disease') :: ['spiral myotomy']

answer: @entity4649 :: (MESH:C563535,Disease) :: ['spiral myotomy']


abstract: OBJECT: Postprocedural rebleeding is a significant source of morbidity following endovascular treatment of @entity1756 . Previous large-scale reports include the @entity438 Rerupture After Treatment trial, the International @entity510 Trial, and the study on Early Rebleeding after Coiling of Ruptured @entity438 , which reported nonprocedural rebleeding rates within 30 days of treatment of 2.7%, 1.9%, and 1.4%, respectively. However, coiling of @entity438 is in a state of continual change due to advancing device design and evolving techniques. These studies included only @entity1 initially treated prior to 2004. In the present study the authors assess the most recent short-term results with endovascular treatment of @entity1756 . METHODS: A multicenter retrospective chart review was conducted of @entity1 undergoing endovascular treatment for @entity1756 between July 2004 and October 2009. The technique used, including the use of stent or balloon assistance, was evaluated. Demographic and clinical factors, such as sex, age, initial clinical presentation, @entity439 size, @entity439 location, and modified Raymond Classification following initial treatment, were also evaluated and compared between the groups in which rebleeding did and did not occur. RESULTS: A total of 469 @entity1 underwent endovascular treatment for a @entity1756 ; nonprocedural rehemorrhage occurred within 30 days of the initial coiling in 4 cases (0.9%). Two @entity1 (50%) died after rehemorrhage. Stent-assisted coiling was used during the original treatment in 1 (25%) of the 4 @entity1 with a rerupture. However, no technical, clinical, or demographic factors were found to be statistically significant in association with rebleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Recent data suggest that the periprocedural rebleeding rate may be improving over time.

title: Rebleeding risk after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured intracranial aneurysms', 'ruptured aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'Cerebral Aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Research stresses that adoptees are at high risk of @entity146 contact, but are they also more likely to be at risk of juvenile delinquency? The aim is to clarify whether the variable "adoptee" is an independent risk factor for criminal conviction and to highlight relationships between convictions and their relapses and @entity146 contacts. METHOD: A nationwide comparative register-based study, 1994-2004. The cohort is composed of 282,986 individuals aged 15-27, Danish and foreign born (immigrants); 1.3% are adoptees, included adopted stepchildren. RESULTS: The variable "adoptee" is not a risk factor for transnational adoptees and Danish  <=12 months at adoption, but Danish adoptees >12 months at adoption and adopted stepchildren have a 3-4 times higher risk than non-adoptees. However, "country of origin" has a negative impact on foreign-born adoptees and foreign-born non-adoptees. "Age at adoption", " @entity146 contact" and "not living with parents" (at time of inclusion) are risks of conviction and conviction relapse. @entity1 are at higher risk than @entity1 , but @entity1 ' @entity146 contact is highest. Stepchildren are an overlooked risk group. CONCLUSION: "Adoptee", as such, is not a risk factor for convictions, but it seems that it is the way adoption-related matters are handled. Gender-specific care for @entity1 and adolescents with new thinking in relation to @entity1 relinquishment, institutionalization and mental health care is important to ensure both @entity1 and @entity1 a youth free of crime.

title: Juvenile delinquency and XXXX contact among adoptees compared to non-adoptees in Denmark: a nationwide register-based comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity3841 is considered a possible etiological agent for @entity146 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the @entity39300 clone and non- @entity39300 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity527 of @entity1 with @entity146 and controls among Sudanese high-school students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous study we examined a large representative sample of students attending high schools in Khartoum, Sudan. In this population, 17 @entity1 with @entity146 and 17 controls (14-19 years of age) consented to participate in the present study. The subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and @entity2413 were collected using paper points. The presence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans @entity39300 clone and non- @entity39300 genotypes were assessed using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the PCR. RESULTS: The @entity39300 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity527 of either the cases or the controls. Non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in the @entity527 of 12 (70.6%) @entity1 with @entity146 and from only one (5.9%) control subject, showing a significantly higher frequency of detection in cases than in controls (p = 0.0001). The odds ratio for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity527 of the @entity1 with @entity146 was 38.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.0-373.0; p = 0.002). The PCR and LAMP methods showed identical results pertaining to the identification of non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity39300 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity527 of high school subjects in Sudan. The detection of non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be a useful marker of increased risk for development of @entity146 in young subjects.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in Sudanese @entity1 with @entity146 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival dental plaque samples']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity3841 is considered a possible etiological agent for @entity146 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the @entity39300 clone and non- @entity39300 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity527 of @entity1 with @entity146 and controls among Sudanese high-school students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous study we examined a large representative sample of students attending high schools in Khartoum, Sudan. In this population, 17 @entity1 with @entity146 and 17 controls (14-19 years of age) consented to participate in the present study. The subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and @entity2413 were collected using paper points. The presence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans @entity39300 clone and non- @entity39300 genotypes were assessed using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the PCR. RESULTS: The @entity39300 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity527 of either the cases or the controls. Non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in the @entity527 of 12 (70.6%) @entity1 with @entity146 and from only one (5.9%) control subject, showing a significantly higher frequency of detection in cases than in controls (p = 0.0001). The odds ratio for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity527 of the @entity1 with @entity146 was 38.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.0-373.0; p = 0.002). The PCR and LAMP methods showed identical results pertaining to the identification of non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity39300 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity527 of high school subjects in Sudan. The detection of non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be a useful marker of increased risk for development of @entity146 in young subjects.

title: Prevalence of @entity3841 in Sudanese @entity1 with XXXX : a case-control study.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity3841 is considered a possible etiological agent for @entity146 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the @entity39300 clone and non- @entity39300 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity527 of @entity1 with @entity146 and controls among Sudanese high-school students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous study we examined a large representative sample of students attending high schools in Khartoum, Sudan. In this population, 17 @entity1 with @entity146 and 17 controls (14-19 years of age) consented to participate in the present study. The subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and @entity2413 were collected using paper points. The presence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans @entity39300 clone and non- @entity39300 genotypes were assessed using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the PCR. RESULTS: The @entity39300 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity527 of either the cases or the controls. Non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in the @entity527 of 12 (70.6%) @entity1 with @entity146 and from only one (5.9%) control subject, showing a significantly higher frequency of detection in cases than in controls (p = 0.0001). The odds ratio for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity527 of the @entity1 with @entity146 was 38.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.0-373.0; p = 0.002). The PCR and LAMP methods showed identical results pertaining to the identification of non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity39300 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity527 of high school subjects in Sudan. The detection of non- @entity39300 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be a useful marker of increased risk for development of @entity146 in young subjects.

title: Prevalence of @entity3841 in Sudanese XXXX with @entity146 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fifty-four genotypes of @entity2829 were crossed and evaluated in the field during the crop season in February 2012 under both normal and water stress conditions. To identify the major parameters responsible for variation among genotypes, single linkage cluster analysis and principle component analysis (PCA) were carried out. Thirteen characters were studied. The PCA showed that the first six components, with eigen values >1, contributed 82.30% of the variability among the genotypes under normal field irrigation conditions while other PCs (7-13) had eigen values less than 1. Under drought conditions, the first four PCs, with eigen values >1, contributed 64.79% of the variability among genotypes while the other PCs (5-13) had eigen values less than 1. In the absence of water stress, heritability ranged from 68% ( @entity969 content) to 99% (plant height) and genetic advance ranged between 158.43% for stomatal frequency and 0.87 for biological yield. Under drought conditions, the coefficient of variability (CV) was 1.43-7.79, whereas estimates of heritability ranged between 68% and 99% for @entity969 content and leaf area, respectively. The values of genetic advance ranged between 153.41 for stomatal frequency and 0.47 for @entity1568 content. CV was 1.52-7.38 under drought conditions. The results indicated that the plant characters studied were under the control of additive genetic effects and suggested that selection should lead to fast genetic improvements. Clusters with superior agronomic types were identified and could be exploited for the transfer of desirable genes to improve the yield potential of the @entity2829 crop.

title: Analysis of genetic traits for drought tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: The suggestion that treating blood pressure to below a certain level may increase IHD mortality is controversial. We investigated the influence of treated blood pressure on mortality in the DHSS @entity101 Care Computer Project. Mortality was examined by quintiles of treated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 2,145 @entity1 treated for a minimum period of one year and subsequently followed for an average of four years. One hundred and seventy five @entity1 died; 71 from IHD. In @entity1 and @entity1 all cause mortality increased with level of treated DBP. In @entity1 IHD mortality showed a U-shaped distribution with an age-adjusted rate of 15.2 per 1,000 @entity1 years in the lowest fifth (DBP less than 86 mmHg) comparable to that of 15.6 per 1,000 in the upper (DBP greater than or equal to 103 mmHg). A similar pattern could not be established in @entity1 due to very few IHD deaths. IHD mortality was further examined separately for @entity1 by prior history of IHD. An increase in IHD deaths in the lowest fifth of treated blood pressure was found for @entity1 both with and without a history of IHD. No similar pattern of IHD mortality was obtained for untreated @entity11559 or treated systolic pressure. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the risk of low treated DBP is secondary to @entity299 .

title: The relationship between a low treated blood pressure and IHD mortality: a report from the DHSS XXXX Care Computing Project (DHCCP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic appraisal of the published literature reviews related to the impact of @entity5 on everyday life. This theme was identified as the top priority area for research by @entity1 in the Macmillan Listening Study, which was the first UK-wide public consultation exercise to identify @entity1 ' priorities for @entity5 research. SEARCH STRATEGY: The top priority area was divided into ten sub-themes, and a modified systematic review was undertaken for each sub-theme using electronic searches. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Literature review papers were included if they were written in English, involved @entity1 diagnosed >= 18 years, any @entity5 types and published between 2000 and 2006. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two thousand and two hundred and fifty-two potentially eligible papers were identified. Abstracts were read by the first author and selected for inclusion in the review. Twenty percentages of the papers were also read independently by other authors. Sixty-two review papers were finally selected. MAIN RESULTS: The systematic appraisal revealed that some sub-themes of the @entity1 -identified priority area (e.g., how to support family members of @entity5 @entity1 ) were under-researched, while other sub-themes (e.g., @entity148 and @entity308 experienced by @entity5 @entity1 ) had been explored to some extent. Certain areas of research interest to @entity1 were found to have been explored; however, their significance was limited by the quality of the research. CONCLUSION: The systematic appraisal highlights important areas for future research and the need for more effective dissemination of study findings to wider audiences, including service users. This study also indicates the need for further research to enhance the generalizability and/or significance of findings.

title: Impact of XXXX on everyday life: a systematic appraisal of the research evidence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND:     Giving @entity1 and young @entity1 information about @entity74 and associated risk has been shown to be important to their identity, coping and decision making. Parents, however, find talking to their @entity1 difficult, and support from health professionals is often not available to them. OBJECTIVE:     To explore the role of support groups in family coping, and in assisting parents' communication about risk with @entity1 in families affected by an @entity74 . METHODS:     Semi-structured interviews analysed using grounded theory and informed by models focusing on aspects of family communication. @entity1 :     Affected and unaffected @entity1 and their parents, from families affected by one of six @entity74 , that represent different patterns of inheritance, and variations in age of onset, life expectancy and impact on families. RESULTS:     Parents often sought support they did not receive elsewhere from support groups. They identified benefits, but also potential disadvantages to this involvement. These related to the specific condition and also whether groups were run solely by parents or had professional input. Support groups rarely helped directly with family communication, but attendance often stimulated family discussion, and they provided information that improved parents' confidence in discussing the condition. CONCLUSIONS:     Support groups should be seen only as additional to the support offered by health and social care professionals. An increased understanding of the role of support groups in assisting families with @entity74 has been highlighted, but further work is needed to explore more fully how this may be made more sustainable and far-reaching.

title: The role of support groups in facilitating families in coping with a XXXX and in discussion of genetic risk information.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited genetic condition', 'genetic conditions']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic condition']


abstract: AIM: Multidisciplinary care (MDC) is accepted as best practice in @entity5 treatment planning and care. Despite recognition of the importance of a team approach, limited data are available about the extent to which MDC has been implemented in Australia. The aim of the audit was to investigate the implementation of MDC for five main @entity5 types across Australia in line with best practice. METHODS: A sample of 155 hospitals was surveyed to investigate the status of MDC for @entity5 treatment planning in Australia across five @entity5 types (breast, gynecological, lung, prostate and colorectal). The survey investigated team structure, meetings, @entity1 consent, documentation of team recommendations and communication with the @entity1 . RESULTS: Two-thirds of hospitals surveyed did not have a multidisciplinary team. Of those with such a team; in one-third @entity1 were not informed their case would be discussed by the team, in half @entity1 consent was not sought for all cases discussed by the team, in one-quarter the team's recommended treatment plan was not noted in the @entity1 record. Less than 1% of teams reported routine attendance by the @entity5 -specific minimum core team. CONCLUSION: MDC is not being implemented in line with best practice or applied consistently across Australia. This audit has highlighted gaps in care delivery, despite national recommendations about MDC. Areas being neglected can affect the quality of care provided and may put clinicians at medico-legal risk. Recommendations to improve uptake and effectiveness of MDC are provided.

title: XXXX care in Australia: a national audit highlights gaps in care and medico-legal risk for clinicians.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Multidisciplinary cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between accident mechanisms as well as initial findings and the long-term course of @entity7125 . A representative sample of 117 consecutive @entity1 referred by primary care physicians was followed-up over 12 months., @entity174 or dislocations of the cervical spine, @entity542 and pre-existing @entity16 were exclusion criteria. The interval between the accident and the baseline examination was 7.4 days (SD 4.2 days). Assessment included accident features (e.g. passenger position in the car, head restraint, head position, type of collision), initial symptoms (e.g. intensity and onset of @entity158 , symptoms of @entity51 , multiple symptom score), and signs (restricted neck movement, @entity51 ). At the 1-year examination, @entity1 were divided into an asymptomatic and a symptomatic group and were compared with respect to accident features and baseline findings. Twenty-four percent of @entity1 were still symptomatic after 1 year. Analysing accident mechanisms separately, rotated or inclined head position was the primary feature related to symptom persistence (P = 0.005). The symptomatic group scored higher at baseline on the multiple symptom rating (P = 0.004) and had a higher incidence of initial @entity10 (P = 0.004) and neurological symptoms (P = 0.008) together with a higher intensity of @entity10 (P = 0.0002) and neck @entity158 (P = 0.0009).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of accident mechanisms and initial findings on the long-term course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity715 of the splenoportal axis not associated with @entity1575 or @entity5 is a rare disease whose prevalence ranges from 0.7 to 3.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. However, this entity is the second most common cause of portal @entity101 . Prothrombotic factors are present as an underlying cause in up to 70% of @entity1 and local factors in 10-50%. The coexistence of several etiological factors is frequent. Clinical presentation may be acute or chronic (portal cavernomatosis). The acute phase can present as @entity490 , @entity390 , @entity391 , fever, rectorrhagia, @entity384 , and @entity63 . In this phase, early initiation of anticoagulation is essential to achieve portal vein recanalization and thus improve @entity1 prognosis. In the chronic phase, symptoms are due to @entity101 . In this phase, the aim of treatment is to treat or prevent the complications of portal @entity101 . Anticoagulation is reserved to @entity1 with a proven underlying thrombophilic factor.

title: [Treatment of non-cirrhotic, non-tumoural portal vein XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'portal hypertension syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal congestion']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study presents and validates a detection and monitoring model for @entity1271 based on automated frequent sampling of online cell count (OCC). Initially, data were filtered and adjusted for sensor drift and skewed distribution using ln-transformation. Acceptable data were passed on to a time-series model using double exponential smoothing to estimate level and trends at @entity291 level. The OCC levels and trends were converted to a continuous (0-1) scale, termed elevated @entity1271 risk (EMR), where values close to zero indicate healthy @entity291 status and values close to 1 indicate high risk of @entity1271 . Finally, a feedback loop was included to dynamically request a time to next sample, based on latest EMR values or errors in the raw data stream. The estimated EMR values were used to issue 2 types of alerts, new and (on-going) intramammary infection (IMI) alerts. The new alerts were issued when the EMR values exceeded a threshold, and the IMI alerts were issued for subsequent alerts. New alerts were only issued after the EMR had been below the threshold for at least 8 d. The detection model was evaluated using time-window analysis and commercial herd data (6 herds, 595,927 milkings) at different sampling intensities. Recorded treatments of @entity1271 were used as gold standard. Significantly higher EMR values were detected in treated than in contemporary untreated @entity291 . The proportion of detected @entity1271 cases using new alerts was between 28.0 and 43.1% and highest for a fixed sampling scheme aiming at 24 h between measurements. This was higher for IMI alerts, between 54.6 and 89.0%, and highest when all available measurements were used. The lowest false alert rate of 6.5 per 1,000 milkings was observed when all measurements were used. The results showed that a dynamic sampling scheme with a default value of 24 h between measurements gave only a small reduction in proportion of detected @entity1271 treatments and remained at 88.5%. It was concluded that filtering of raw data combined with a time-series model was effective in detecting and monitoring @entity1271 status in dairy @entity291 when based on IMI alerts, and by using a dynamically adjusting sampling scheme almost full performance was still obtainable. However, results were less desirable when based on new alerts most likely because of the used gold standard for @entity1271 , which may not necessarily reflect the onset of and IMI case in contrast to a new alert.

title: Monitoring individual XXXX udder health in automated milking systems using online somatic cell counts.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the ability of @entity2719 scans to determine whether residual masses consist of viable @entity5 or @entity39 fibrous tissue after chemotherapy for @entity4797 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 were enrolled and 27 were assessable. @entity1 receiving first-line or salvage chemotherapy had @entity2719 scans performed during their first and last scheduled course of chemotherapy and results were compared with restaging computed tomographic (CT) scans and subsequent clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 27 assessable @entity1 , 22 received first-line chemotherapy (group A) and five salvage chemotherapy (group B). Eight @entity1 were not @entity2719 -avid before chemotherapy despite obvious clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity3 . Eighteen of 19 @entity2719 -positive @entity1 had a persistent mass postchemotherapy on abdominal CT. Of 16 @entity1 in group A whose @entity5 were @entity2719 -avid, all 16 had normalized @entity2719 scans after chemotherapy. However, two of these 16 @entity1 recurred in their original disease site. In group B, there were three @entity1 with @entity2719 -avid @entity5 and all three had normalized scans postchemotherapy. Two @entity1 who were not @entity2719 -avid (one each in group A and B) also developed recurrent disease. Twenty-four of 27 @entity1 are alive with no evidence of active disease at a median follow-up time of 18 months, including 20 with more than 1 year of follow-up data. CONCLUSION: Eight of 27 @entity1 had false-negative @entity2719 scans at the time of diagnosis. All nineteen @entity2719 scans that were initially positive reverted to normal after chemotherapy. Two of 19 @entity1 ' follow-up @entity2719 scans were false-negative. We therefore feel that @entity2719 scans have minimal value in the prechemotherapy or postchemotherapy evaluation of @entity3 .

title: @entity2719 scans in the evaluation of residual masses after chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['seminoma']