abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of an outbreak of @entity526 O157:H7 @entity1960 , and media coverage of the outbreak, on use of an emergency department. DESIGN: Review of pediatric @entity2613 use and charges for @entity344 during the epidemic and during a control period. SETTING: Pediatric @entity2613 in Seattle, Washington. @entity1 : All @entity1 seen in the @entity2613 with a @entity344 during the epidemic period (January and February 1993) and during a control period (January and February 1992). RESULTS: During the epidemic, 31 @entity1 with @entity526 O157:H7 infection had 45 visits to the @entity2613 . The number of visits for @entity344 not caused by @entity526 O157:H7 was 103% higher in the epidemic period than in the control period (653 in 1992, 1,327 in 1993). The number of visits was closely associated with the number of newspaper stories about @entity526 O157:H7 illness (correlation coefficient, .88; P = .002). The increased number of evaluations for @entity344 not caused by @entity526 O157:H7 infection during the epidemic period was associated with an additional  101,193 in charges per month compared with the control period. There were no important differences in the evaluation of @entity344 between 1992 and 1993 except for an increase in the proportion of @entity1 with stool cultures (13.1% versus 26.4%, P < .001). CONCLUSION: For every visit by a @entity1 with @entity526 O157:H7 infection, there were 15 additional visits (above the baseline from the control period) by @entity1 with other @entity344 . The true cost of this epidemic included not only the evaluation of @entity1 with disease but also the evaluation of those who presented because they were worried they had the disease. The intensity of media coverage of a disaster may correlate with the number of visits to the @entity2613 , and understanding of this fact may help in disaster planning.

title: Outbreak of XXXX O157:H7 hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome: effect on use of a pediatric emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The blood brain barrier (BBB) is critical for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by restricting entry of potentially toxic substances. However, the BBB is a major obstacle in the treatment of @entity2359 and @entity16 due to the restrictive nature of the barrier to many medications. Intranasal delivery of active enzymes to the brain has therapeutic potential for the treatment of numerous CNS @entity14079 caused by chemical threat agents. NEW METHOD: The aim of this work is to provide a sensitive model system for analyzing the rapid delivery of active enzymes into various regions of the brain with therapeutic bioavailability. RESULTS: We tested intranasal delivery of @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT), a relatively large (75kD) enzyme, in its active form into different regions of the brain. CAT was delivered intranasally to anaesthetized @entity35 and enzyme activity was measured in different regions using a highly specific High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HP-TLC)-radiometry coupled assay. Active enzyme reached all examined areas of the brain within 15min (the earliest time point tested). In addition, the yield of enzyme activity in the brain was almost doubled in the brains of @entity35 pre-treated with @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD (S): Intranasal administration of active enzymes in conjunction with @entity6929 to the CNS is both rapid and effective. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that intranasal enzyme therapy is a promising method for counteracting CNS chemical threat poisoning, as well as for treating @entity14079 .

title: Rapid intranasal delivery of XXXX acetyltransferase in the active form to different brain regions as a model for enzyme therapy in the CNS.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity14079 :: ('MESH:D020739', 'Disease') :: ['CNS enzyme deficiency disorders', 'enzyme deficiency disorders and CNS toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2755 :: (MESH:D002701,Chemical) :: ['chloramphenicol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of @entity548 associated with starting @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) after acute @entity932 ( @entity932 ) and to examine the frequency of @entity715 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified all @entity1 admitted to our institution with @entity932 that received @entity1423 during their initial hospitalization over a three-year period. We reviewed their demographics, hospital course, clinical indication and timing for initiation of @entity1423 , and complications. RESULTS: A total of 222 @entity1 were identified. The median age and Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 61 and 21, respectively. Fifty (23%) @entity1 required neurosurgical procedures. APTs were initiated due to a history of @entity1423 use in 91 @entity1 (41%) and blunt @entity130 in 86 @entity1 (38.6%). The median time from @entity1423 was 4 days. Immediate complications including new or worsening @entity548 occurred in 1 (<1%) @entity1 . Delayed @entity548 occurred in 6 (4.7%) @entity1 . @entity715 events occurred in 21 (9.4%) @entity1 prior to starting @entity1423 . Thirteen (5.8%) of these were potentially preventable. CONCLUSION: The risk of immediate and delayed @entity932 from initiating @entity1423 after @entity932 must be weighed against the morbidity of delaying indicated @entity715 . Our initial data indicates that @entity548 are infrequent, and @entity715 can have significant clinical consequences. Our retrospective review provides the first rates of complications for this @entity1 population.

title: Use of anti-platelet agents after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'traumatic intracranial hemorrhage', 'tICH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['anti-platelet therapy', 'injury to starting APT', 'APT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic prophylaxis', 'thrombotic complications', 'Thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular injury']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['traumatic intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: We investigated the occurrence of @entity14454 and estimated predictors for risk of @entity281 among @entity1 in the Bunuso community of Ashanti Region of Ghana, West Africa. The cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and December 2009. Information was obtained on socio-demographic characteristics, @entity2040 symptoms and other risk factors through interviews and questionnaires. Urine samples were analysed for @entity4114 ova using centrifugation and sedimentation, filtration and microscopy. Bivariate estimations and multiple logistic regression modelling with odds ratios (OR) were used to assess risk factors for @entity4114 infections. Inspections at River Nanakwaw revealed snail vectors, Bulinus truncatus. Overall, 95 out of 100 (95  % confidence interval [CI] 88.8-97.6) @entity1 tested positive for @entity4114 @entity281 . The mean ova density (eggs/10  ml of urine) of infections was 58.12 (95  % CI 31.3-71.6) and varied significantly between age-group distributions (P value  =  0.001; Post Hoc, P  >  0.05 for  <=8 vs 15-17  years, and 9-11 vs 12-14  years), sources of house-hold water (P value  =  0.019; Post Hoc, P  <  0.05 for Borehole vs River Nanakwaw), @entity1 activities in River Nanakwaw (P value  =  0.001), and haematuria (P value  =  0.007). Independent variables significantly associated with @entity4114 infections were the use of River Nanakwaw as source of household water (OR 12.54; 95  % CI 3.932-42.12, P value  =  0.003), engaging activities in River Nanakwaw (OR 8.76; 95  % CI 1.759-31.871; P value  =  0.008) and haematuria (OR 36.71; 95  % CI 10.18-48.47; P value  =  0.001). The passage of blood urine was prognostic of @entity14454 with a positive predictive value of 97.5  %. Our results demonstrate the endemicity of @entity14454 in Bunuso. Schistosomiasis remains a disease of great public health importance in Ghana, and there is the urgent need to intensify surveillance and control programs in remote riparian communities.

title: High levels of XXXX among @entity1 in Bunuso, a rural community in Ghana: an urgent call for increased surveillance and control programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity14454 :: (MESH:D012553,Disease) :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']


abstract: We investigated the occurrence of @entity14454 and estimated predictors for risk of @entity281 among @entity1 in the Bunuso community of Ashanti Region of Ghana, West Africa. The cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and December 2009. Information was obtained on socio-demographic characteristics, @entity2040 symptoms and other risk factors through interviews and questionnaires. Urine samples were analysed for @entity4114 ova using centrifugation and sedimentation, filtration and microscopy. Bivariate estimations and multiple logistic regression modelling with odds ratios (OR) were used to assess risk factors for @entity4114 infections. Inspections at River Nanakwaw revealed snail vectors, Bulinus truncatus. Overall, 95 out of 100 (95  % confidence interval [CI] 88.8-97.6) @entity1 tested positive for @entity4114 @entity281 . The mean ova density (eggs/10  ml of urine) of infections was 58.12 (95  % CI 31.3-71.6) and varied significantly between age-group distributions (P value  =  0.001; Post Hoc, P  >  0.05 for  <=8 vs 15-17  years, and 9-11 vs 12-14  years), sources of house-hold water (P value  =  0.019; Post Hoc, P  <  0.05 for Borehole vs River Nanakwaw), @entity1 activities in River Nanakwaw (P value  =  0.001), and haematuria (P value  =  0.007). Independent variables significantly associated with @entity4114 infections were the use of River Nanakwaw as source of household water (OR 12.54; 95  % CI 3.932-42.12, P value  =  0.003), engaging activities in River Nanakwaw (OR 8.76; 95  % CI 1.759-31.871; P value  =  0.008) and haematuria (OR 36.71; 95  % CI 10.18-48.47; P value  =  0.001). The passage of blood urine was prognostic of @entity14454 with a positive predictive value of 97.5  %. Our results demonstrate the endemicity of @entity14454 in Bunuso. Schistosomiasis remains a disease of great public health importance in Ghana, and there is the urgent need to intensify surveillance and control programs in remote riparian communities.

title: High levels of @entity14454 among XXXX in Bunuso, a rural community in Ghana: an urgent call for increased surveillance and control programs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Hemorrhagic @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was studied after @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) in 30 @entity1 undergoing autopsy. Urokinase, 240,000 to 1,200,000 U, was selectively injected into the @entity1188 -related coronary artery at 2 to 9 hr (4 +/- 2 hr) after the onset of @entity583 . The @entity1188 -related coronary artery showed complete occlusion in 21, 99% @entity850 in eight, and 90% @entity850 in one @entity1 before @entity2798 . After @entity2798 , complete occlusion was seen in only five, 99% @entity850 in 22, and 90% @entity850 in three @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had transmural @entity1188 and the other two had @entity1188 . Macroscopically and microscopically, the degree of @entity548 was classified as no, slight, moderate, or marked bleeding and the @entity385 was defined as moderate or marked @entity548 in the @entity1188 area. According to the interval from @entity2798 to @entity204 , @entity1 were also classified into stage I (early acute stage, 1 to 4 hr after @entity2798 and 4 to 13 hr after the onset of @entity583 ; n = 7), stage II (late acute stage, 9 hr to 11 days after @entity2798 and 15 hr to 11 days after the onset of @entity583 ; n = 18), or stage III (old @entity1188 stage, over 17 days after @entity583 and @entity2798 ; n = 5). There were no significant differences with respect to the frequency of recanalization, the time from the onset of @entity583 to @entity2798 , the dose of urokinase, or other clinical parameters among @entity1 at the three stages. Only the hearts of @entity1 in stage II showed @entity385 , and it was found in 15 of 18 of these hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A clinicopathologic study of @entity1 with hemorrhagic XXXX treated with selective coronary thrombolysis with urokinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'diffuse bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarction', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['selective intracoronary thrombolysis', 'SICT']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Hemorrhagic @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was studied after @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) in 30 @entity1 undergoing autopsy. Urokinase, 240,000 to 1,200,000 U, was selectively injected into the @entity1188 -related coronary artery at 2 to 9 hr (4 +/- 2 hr) after the onset of @entity583 . The @entity1188 -related coronary artery showed complete occlusion in 21, 99% @entity850 in eight, and 90% @entity850 in one @entity1 before @entity2798 . After @entity2798 , complete occlusion was seen in only five, 99% @entity850 in 22, and 90% @entity850 in three @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had transmural @entity1188 and the other two had @entity1188 . Macroscopically and microscopically, the degree of @entity548 was classified as no, slight, moderate, or marked bleeding and the @entity385 was defined as moderate or marked @entity548 in the @entity1188 area. According to the interval from @entity2798 to @entity204 , @entity1 were also classified into stage I (early acute stage, 1 to 4 hr after @entity2798 and 4 to 13 hr after the onset of @entity583 ; n = 7), stage II (late acute stage, 9 hr to 11 days after @entity2798 and 15 hr to 11 days after the onset of @entity583 ; n = 18), or stage III (old @entity1188 stage, over 17 days after @entity583 and @entity2798 ; n = 5). There were no significant differences with respect to the frequency of recanalization, the time from the onset of @entity583 to @entity2798 , the dose of urokinase, or other clinical parameters among @entity1 at the three stages. Only the hearts of @entity1 in stage II showed @entity385 , and it was found in 15 of 18 of these hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A clinicopathologic study of XXXX with hemorrhagic @entity583 treated with selective coronary thrombolysis with urokinase.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 form nearly 3% of @entity135 . Due to their large histological variety and @entity2103 , pre-operative diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant @entity5 are a major challenge for radiologists. OBJECTIVE: The majority of these @entity5 are benign; however, sometimes they tend to transform into a malignant form. Functional MRI techniques, namely dynamic contrast enhanced ( @entity9243 -) MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) can indicate the characteristics of @entity5 tissue. METHODS: @entity9243 -MRI analysis is based on the parameters of time intensity curve (TIC) before and after contrast agent injection. This method has the potential to identify the angiogenesis of @entity5 . DWI analysis is performed according to diffusion of water molecules in a tissue for determination of the cellularity of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: According to the literature, these methods cannot be used individually to differentiate benign from @entity5 . An effective approach could be to combine the aforementioned methods to increase the accuracy of discrimination between different @entity5 types. The main objective of this study is to explore the application of @entity9243 -MRI and DWI for assessment of @entity5 types.

title: Dynamic Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( XXXX -MRI) and Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging (DWI) for Differentiation between Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Salivary gland tumors', 'tumor', 'salivary gland tumor', 'parotid tumors', 'tumors', 'malignant salivary gland tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['vicinity to facial nerves']

answer: @entity9243 :: (D010936,Chemical) :: ['DCE']


abstract: To assess the prevalence and significance of @entity5988 in @entity1 with severe left @entity67 secondary to @entity453 (or @entity453 ), we studied 70 @entity1 with an ejection fraction of 35 percent or @entity453 (n = 14) or with multivessel @entity453 (n = 56). None had had a recent @entity583 or @entity340 . @entity1 who underwent myocardial revascularization during follow-up were excluded. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (measured by contrast ventriculography) was less than 110 ml/sq m in 14 @entity1 (20 percent) (group 1), and was 110 ml/sq m or more in 56 @entity1 (80 percent) (group 2). There were no differences between the two groups in age, sex, @entity6 , @entity101 , extent of @entity453 , or left @entity67 . @entity1 in group 1 had lower pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (13 +/- 6 vs 22 +/- 10 mm Hg; p = 0.0008), lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (21 +/- 6 vs 27 +/- 9 mm Hg; p = 0.007), and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (31 +/- 2 vs 25 +/- 7 percent; p = 0.001) than @entity1 in group 2. At a mean follow-up of 27 months, 24 @entity1 had died of cardiac causes, all of whom were in group 2. Survival was significantly better in group 1 than in group 2 (Mantel-Cox, p = 0.009). Survival analysis (Cox models) of 20 clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic variables showed that ejection fraction (chi2 = 13.6; p less than 0.001) and end-diastolic volume chi2 = 4.7; p = 0.03) were the most significant predictors of @entity204 . Thus, minimally dilated @entity453 is a distinct entity with favorable hemodynamics. Prognostically, the end-diastolic volume adds significant predictive information to the ejection fraction among conservatively treated @entity1 .

title: XXXX . Hemodynamic and prognostic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery cardiomyopathy', 'coronary artery disease', 'less and one-vessel coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular asynergy', 'ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary artery cardiomyopathy']


abstract: This study of @entity793 in elderly (mean age 85 years, range 68 to 103) Jewish subjects of mostly middle and upper class attempted to determine disease prevalence, define the turnover in infected subjects, and assess the relation between functional status and @entity281 . The prevalence of @entity793 (midstream clean-catch method) was assessed in 373 @entity1 and 150 @entity1 . It was higher in @entity1 (18.2 percent) than in @entity1 (6.0 percent) (p less than 0.001) and was more common in functionally impaired nursing home residents (23.5 percent) than in apartment house dwellers (12.1 percent) (p less than 0.01). In longitudinal studies, 260 subjects (184 @entity1 and 76 @entity1 ) had three urine culture surveys at six-month intervals. The cumulative percent infected on at least one survey was high ( @entity1 30.4 percent, @entity1 10.5 percent). However, persistence of the same organism on all three surveys was surprisingly infrequent ( @entity1 6.0 percent, @entity1 1.3 percent), and the turnover of infected and noninfected subjects was considerable. Persistence of @entity793 on all three surveys was significantly more common in nursing home residents (13.9 percent) than in apartment house dwellers (3.1 percent) (p less than 0.01). Thus, @entity793 is common in the elderly and appears related to functional status. However, the turnover of infected and noninfected subjects was high, and surprisingly, persistence was not found in most. The transient nature of @entity793 in most provides support against the treatment of asymptomatic @entity793 in the elderly.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in an elderly ambulatory population.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity793 :: (MESH:D001437,Disease) :: ['bacteriuria']


abstract: KEY POINTS: @entity4176 receptor heteromerization and auxiliary subunits, @entity72864 and @entity72865 , attenuate @entity4664 ion-channel block by facilitating blocker permeation. Relief of @entity4664 block in @entity2373 / @entity19942 heteromers results from a key @entity1521 residue that produces architectural changes in the channel pore a-helical region. Auxiliary subunits exert an additive effect to heteromerization, and thus relief of @entity4664 block is due to a different mechanism. Our findings have broad implications for work on @entity4664 block of other cation-selective ion channels. ABSTRACT: Channel block and permeation by cytoplasmic @entity4663 is a common feature of many cation-selective ion channels. Although the channel block mechanism has been studied extensively, @entity4664 permeation has been considered less significant as it occurs at extreme positive membrane potentials. Here, we show that @entity4176 receptor (KAR) heteromerization and association with auxiliary proteins, @entity72864 and @entity72865 , attenuate @entity4664 block by enhancing blocker permeation. Consequently, @entity4664 permeation and unblock occur at more negative and physiologically relevant membrane potentials. In @entity2373 / @entity19942 heteromers, enhanced permeation is due to a single @entity1521 residue in @entity19942 that alters the dynamics of the a-helical region of the selectivity filter. The effect of auxiliary proteins is additive, and therefore the structural basis of @entity4664 permeation and unblock is through a different mechanism. As native receptors are thought to assemble as heteromers in complex with auxiliary proteins, our data identify an unappreciated impact of @entity4664 permeation in shaping the signalling properties of neuronal KARs and point to a structural mechanism that may be shared amongst other cation-selective ion channels.

title: XXXX receptor pore-forming and auxiliary subunits regulate channel block by a novel mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['Kainate', 'kainate']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['Kainate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of @entity1 with @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) who had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure >6   cm @entity4358 and to investigate the clinical and imaging variables associated with CSF pressure (PCSF) in this condition. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 106 @entity1 with @entity5325 . PCSF was measured by lumbar puncture prior to treatment. Clinical and imaging variables - including demographic data, brain imaging results, symptom duration, and abdominal circumference - were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the correlation of these variables with PCSF. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of @entity1 had a PCSF between 6 and 20   cm @entity4358 ; only 34% had a PCSF  <=6   cm @entity4358 . The factors associated with increased PCSF included abdominal circumference (p   <   0.001), symptom duration (p   =   0.015), and the absence of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of @entity5325 (p   =   0.003). A wide variability in PCSF was observed among all @entity1 , which was not completely accounted for by the variables included in the model. CONCLUSIONS: Normal CSF pressure is common in @entity1 with @entity5325 ; the absence of a low opening pressure should not exclude this condition. Body habitus, symptom duration, and brain imaging are correlated with PCSF measurements, but these factors alone do not entirely explain the wide variability in observed pressures in this condition and this suggests the influence of other factors.

title: How common is normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous intracranial hypotension', 'SIH']

answer: @entity5325 :: (MESH:D019585,Disease) :: ['spontaneous intracranial hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of @entity425 in @entity712 and its relation both to maximum @entity26 consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and to skeletal muscle (quadriceps) strength. SUBJECTS: Seven healthy @entity1 aged 54.9 (SEM 4.3) years and 20 @entity1 with @entity712 aged 61.4 (1.6) years (P = 0.20) with radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction of 25.4 (3.0)%. METHODS: Mouth pressures during maximum static inspiratory effort (PImax) at functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) were measured in all subjects and taken as indices of inspiratory muscle strength. Similarly, mouth pressures during maximum static expiratory effort (PEmax) at FRC and total lung capacity (TLC) were taken as indices of expiratory muscle strength. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in all subjects. All controls and 15 @entity712 @entity1 also had their right quadriceps muscle strength measured. RESULTS: There was @entity425 in @entity712 @entity1 , with reduction of PImax at FRC (59.7) (6.3) v 85.6 (9.6) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.045), PEmax at FRC (94.8 (6.2) v 134.6 (9.1) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.004), and PEmax at TLC (121.7 (8.5) v 160.7 (13) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.028). PImax at RV was also reduced but this did not reach statistical significance (77.3 (6.6) v 89.3 (13) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.44). There was also significant @entity425 (308.5 (22) v 446.2 (28) N, P = 0.001). PImax at both FRC and RV correlated with maximum @entity26 consumption (r = 0.59, P = 0.006, and r = 0.45, P = 0.048 respectively) but not PEmax. There was, however, no significant correlation between PImax and right quadriceps strength. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory @entity425 is seen in @entity712 . The results suggest that inspiratory muscles are important in determining maximum @entity26 consumption and exercise tolerance in these @entity1 . The lack of correlation between respiratory and right quadriceps muscle strength further suggests that the magnitude and time course of @entity425 may differ in individual @entity1 . Treatment aimed at improving the function of the involved muscle groups may alleviate symptoms.

title: Inspiratory muscle strength is a determinant of maximum XXXX consumption in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of the right quadriceps muscle', 'muscle weakness', 'respiratory and locomotor muscle weakness', 'respiratory muscle weakness']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of @entity425 in @entity712 and its relation both to maximum @entity26 consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and to skeletal muscle (quadriceps) strength. SUBJECTS: Seven healthy @entity1 aged 54.9 (SEM 4.3) years and 20 @entity1 with @entity712 aged 61.4 (1.6) years (P = 0.20) with radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction of 25.4 (3.0)%. METHODS: Mouth pressures during maximum static inspiratory effort (PImax) at functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) were measured in all subjects and taken as indices of inspiratory muscle strength. Similarly, mouth pressures during maximum static expiratory effort (PEmax) at FRC and total lung capacity (TLC) were taken as indices of expiratory muscle strength. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in all subjects. All controls and 15 @entity712 @entity1 also had their right quadriceps muscle strength measured. RESULTS: There was @entity425 in @entity712 @entity1 , with reduction of PImax at FRC (59.7) (6.3) v 85.6 (9.6) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.045), PEmax at FRC (94.8 (6.2) v 134.6 (9.1) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.004), and PEmax at TLC (121.7 (8.5) v 160.7 (13) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.028). PImax at RV was also reduced but this did not reach statistical significance (77.3 (6.6) v 89.3 (13) cm @entity2507 , P = 0.44). There was also significant @entity425 (308.5 (22) v 446.2 (28) N, P = 0.001). PImax at both FRC and RV correlated with maximum @entity26 consumption (r = 0.59, P = 0.006, and r = 0.45, P = 0.048 respectively) but not PEmax. There was, however, no significant correlation between PImax and right quadriceps strength. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory @entity425 is seen in @entity712 . The results suggest that inspiratory muscles are important in determining maximum @entity26 consumption and exercise tolerance in these @entity1 . The lack of correlation between respiratory and right quadriceps muscle strength further suggests that the magnitude and time course of @entity425 may differ in individual @entity1 . Treatment aimed at improving the function of the involved muscle groups may alleviate symptoms.

title: Inspiratory muscle strength is a determinant of maximum @entity26 consumption in XXXX .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: A large, heavily populated area regionalized the care of critical @entity130 in 1980. To evaluate the system, we reviewed @entity1 outcome for thoracic aortic transection due to @entity1913 for the first 18 months of @entity130 system operation. Of the total of 86 @entity1 , 43 were transferred to @entity130 centers, 8 to nontrauma centers, and 35 were either directly transported to the coroner or dead on arrival at the hospital. Of the eight @entity1 transported to non- @entity130 centers, seven were in @entity1167 during transport and the eighth was pronounced dead shortly after admission to the emergency department. Twenty-seven of the 43 @entity1 transferred to @entity130 centers were dead within 24 minutes of admission. The cause of @entity204 was rupture of a transected aorta in 22 @entity1 and other @entity1230 in the remaining 5. Sixteen were alive long enough in the emergency department for evaluation. Nine of these @entity1 underwent correction of aortic transection as well as other injuries and all survived. Two of the nine survivors sustained partial or complete spinal cord damage. The remaining seven @entity1 died, but in only one @entity1 did the undiagnosed @entity130 contribute to the cause of @entity204 . This @entity1 had a normal cineangiogram and the diagnosis was made at autopsy. He was considered potentially salvageable, so 9 of 10 potentially salvageable @entity1 survived (90 percent). Of the total of 86 @entity1 with aortic transection, 77 died (90 percent). This study shows that regionalization of @entity130 care offers an excellent chance for survival of @entity1 with thoracic aortic transection.

title: Transection of the thoracic aorta: assessment of a XXXX system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The authors in the introduction provide an schematic historical scope of reference about the spaniard and european psychiatry from the XVIIIe to the XIXe century. They described the first seven clinical cases of @entity933 found by them and published by spaniard physicians in the first half of the XIXe century. They revised mainly the clinical sintomatology, course and evolution, and went into deep detail in the hygienic-dietetical and pharmacological therapeutics used in this period, specially several galenic preparations of opium, tartarus emeticus, cremor, etc. Serapio Escolar y Morales (1808-1874) described the first clinical case of @entity14935 in 1839 in a 28 year old @entity1 , raising the differential diagnosis between intermittent fever, @entity302 and @entity693 , and proposed a useless antiflogistic treatment ( @entity548 , leeches, poultice) and opium. The second case was described by an anonymous author (J.M.S.Z.) in 1845 in a 42 year old @entity1 . Francisco Castellvi y Pallares (1812-1879), in 1845, published another case in a 34 year old male, with an adequate description of the natural history of the disease, healing in 19 days with high doses of watery opium extract. The fourth clinical case was described by R.C.B. in 1846 in a 60 year old @entity1 with "alcoholic @entity4790 ", " @entity221 " being the only one with a mortal outcome, treated also with opiates which he did not agree with. The fifth and sixth cases were published by Uliberry in 1847 in two males, 38 and 36 years old respectively. The seventh and last case was described in 1848 by F. Paula Barea, having to highlight the nosological, nosographical and evolutive perspectives in 3 clinical periods and a fourth of convalescence, the treatment differences and the etiopathogenical considerations. Included are 9 tables, 2 graphics and 29 bibliographical references.

title: [Historical study of seven cases of delirium XXXX in Spain in the first half of the XIX century].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity14935 :: ('MESH:D000430', 'Disease') :: ['Delirium Tremens']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['Delirium']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['ataxis fever']

answer: @entity14935 :: (MESH:D000430,Disease) :: ['tremens']


abstract: Complementary DNAs for @entity1808 type 1 receptor isoforms AT1A and AT1B were cloned by expression cloning from @entity291 adrenal and @entity35 vascular smooth muscles. @entity1 @entity1809 receptor was also cloned. Seven transmembrane structures emerged. The @entity1809 type receptor interacted with more than one type of G-proteins. The ligand binding site of @entity1809 involving @entity534 167, Lys199, and @entity2574 263 has been identified by site directed mutagenesis. The regulation of the receptors occur at many stages. The isoform, @entity11082 , was also expression cloned from @entity35 @entity1911 cells. Although its ligand binding is not affected by stable @entity3007 analogs, it is a seven transmembrane domain receptor. It mediates the modulations of @entity10393 phosphatase by @entity1808 and @entity11082 specific @entity22179 . The modulation was abolished by pertussis toxin. Thus, @entity11082 belongs to a new class of angiotensin receptors with unique signalling and regulatory mechanisms. @entity1809 mediates cellular growth. Interestingly, @entity11082 expression is inversely related to the mitogenic activity of cells.

title: Cloning, expression and regulation of XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A previous study suggested that temporary occlusion of a segment of the hepatic vein causes an increase in arterial flow and retrograde portal flow in the occluded segment. Such occlusions might improve the efficacy of arterial infusion therapy. Accordingly, we studied the change in blood flow visible on hepatic arteriograms when a segment of the hepatic vein is temporarily occluded in @entity1 with @entity157 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 24 @entity1 with nodular-type @entity157 . Conventional hepatic arteriography was followed by hepatic arteriography performed using a balloon catheter to occlude the hepatic vein that was most closely associated with the @entity5 . Visualization of the @entity5 -draining veins, portal vein branches, the degree of @entity5 vascularity, and the density of the hepatogram on the hepatic arteriogram were retrospectively compared before and during @entity432 . The veins were evaluated visually; an increase of @entity5 vascularity was defined as an increase in the number of countable @entity5 vessels during occlusion, and a dense hepatogram was considered to be a definite sinusoidgram induced by @entity432 . RESULTS: Conventional hepatic arteriography showed the @entity5 -draining veins to be branches of the portal vein in only two of the 24 @entity1 (8%). Hepatic arteriography during @entity432 , however, showed the @entity5 -draining veins to be branches of the portal vein in four of the @entity1 (17%). An increase in the degree of @entity5 vascularity with @entity432 was observed only in a @entity1 with an initial arteriohepatic vein shunt. Dense hepatogram and hepatofugal opacification of the portal vein branches in the occluded, @entity5 -bearing segment were obtained in 10 @entity1 (42%). Eight of these did not have @entity1575 , whereas all of the remaining 14 @entity1 did (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that occlusion of a segment of the hepatic vein may be useful during arterial infusion of @entity157 .

title: Hepatic arteriography in @entity1 with XXXX : change in findings caused by balloon occlusion of tumor-draining hepatic veins.

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A previous study suggested that temporary occlusion of a segment of the hepatic vein causes an increase in arterial flow and retrograde portal flow in the occluded segment. Such occlusions might improve the efficacy of arterial infusion therapy. Accordingly, we studied the change in blood flow visible on hepatic arteriograms when a segment of the hepatic vein is temporarily occluded in @entity1 with @entity157 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 24 @entity1 with nodular-type @entity157 . Conventional hepatic arteriography was followed by hepatic arteriography performed using a balloon catheter to occlude the hepatic vein that was most closely associated with the @entity5 . Visualization of the @entity5 -draining veins, portal vein branches, the degree of @entity5 vascularity, and the density of the hepatogram on the hepatic arteriogram were retrospectively compared before and during @entity432 . The veins were evaluated visually; an increase of @entity5 vascularity was defined as an increase in the number of countable @entity5 vessels during occlusion, and a dense hepatogram was considered to be a definite sinusoidgram induced by @entity432 . RESULTS: Conventional hepatic arteriography showed the @entity5 -draining veins to be branches of the portal vein in only two of the 24 @entity1 (8%). Hepatic arteriography during @entity432 , however, showed the @entity5 -draining veins to be branches of the portal vein in four of the @entity1 (17%). An increase in the degree of @entity5 vascularity with @entity432 was observed only in a @entity1 with an initial arteriohepatic vein shunt. Dense hepatogram and hepatofugal opacification of the portal vein branches in the occluded, @entity5 -bearing segment were obtained in 10 @entity1 (42%). Eight of these did not have @entity1575 , whereas all of the remaining 14 @entity1 did (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that occlusion of a segment of the hepatic vein may be useful during arterial infusion of @entity157 .

title: Hepatic arteriography in XXXX with @entity157 : change in findings caused by balloon occlusion of tumor-draining hepatic veins.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7870 -based herbicides are among the most used pesticides worldwide. Reviews on the safety of @entity7870 have been conducted by several regulatory agencies and researches centers, many times with contradictory results. This study is a systematic meta-analytical review of experimental studies on the relationship between exposure to the @entity7870 ( @entity4022 ) and its formulations with the formation of @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) to establish a quantitative estimate of the environmental risks. The natural logarithm (ln) of the estimated response ratio was calculated from 81 experiments. A meta-analysis was performed on the complete data set, and individual meta-analyses were conducted after stratification by test system, class of vertebrate, exposure route, gender, endpoints, type of literature, formulation, @entity4022 dose and exposure time. A forest plot showed an overall positive association between @entity4022 exposure and its formulations and @entity4523 , corroborated by the cumulative effects size. Different responses were observed on @entity1 and non- @entity1 . Interesting results was noticed in exposure route where oral administration of @entity4022 presented no significance. Exposure by intraperitoneal injection presented the highest @entity4523 formation. Pure @entity4022 caused fewer effects than to commercial mixtures, but both presented mutagenic effects. The studies with males presented significant responses, while studies with females were not significant. The cumulative effects size was not clearly related to @entity4022 dose, and was negatively related to exposure time. It can be attributed to different test systems, exposure routes and protocols analyzed. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that exposure to @entity4022 and its formulations increases the frequency of @entity4523 formation.

title: Does exposure to XXXX lead to an increase in the @entity4523 frequency? A systematic and meta-analytic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronuclei']

entities_list: @entity7870 :: ('MESH:C010974', 'Chemical') :: ['Glyphosate', 'glyphosate']

answer: @entity7870 :: (MESH:C010974,Chemical) :: ['glyphosate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7870 -based herbicides are among the most used pesticides worldwide. Reviews on the safety of @entity7870 have been conducted by several regulatory agencies and researches centers, many times with contradictory results. This study is a systematic meta-analytical review of experimental studies on the relationship between exposure to the @entity7870 ( @entity4022 ) and its formulations with the formation of @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) to establish a quantitative estimate of the environmental risks. The natural logarithm (ln) of the estimated response ratio was calculated from 81 experiments. A meta-analysis was performed on the complete data set, and individual meta-analyses were conducted after stratification by test system, class of vertebrate, exposure route, gender, endpoints, type of literature, formulation, @entity4022 dose and exposure time. A forest plot showed an overall positive association between @entity4022 exposure and its formulations and @entity4523 , corroborated by the cumulative effects size. Different responses were observed on @entity1 and non- @entity1 . Interesting results was noticed in exposure route where oral administration of @entity4022 presented no significance. Exposure by intraperitoneal injection presented the highest @entity4523 formation. Pure @entity4022 caused fewer effects than to commercial mixtures, but both presented mutagenic effects. The studies with males presented significant responses, while studies with females were not significant. The cumulative effects size was not clearly related to @entity4022 dose, and was negatively related to exposure time. It can be attributed to different test systems, exposure routes and protocols analyzed. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that exposure to @entity4022 and its formulations increases the frequency of @entity4523 formation.

title: Does exposure to @entity7870 lead to an increase in the XXXX frequency? A systematic and meta-analytic review.

answer: @entity4523 :: (MESH:D048629,Disease) :: ['micronuclei']


abstract: A series of 52 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) was investigated for the presence of serum and urine monoclonal immunoglobulins. The overall incidence of @entity1581 ( @entity1581 ) was 69%. Serum M components belonging to the IgG and IgM classes were found in 27% of cases with a concentration ranging from 1.7 to 40.3 g/l (mean 10 g/l). A monoclonal free light chain, i.e. Bence Jones protein (BJP), was documented in the urine of 65% of cases. In 42% of the 52 @entity1 the urinary excretion of BJP represented the sole detectable monoclonal immunoglobulin abnormality. The occurrence of serum monoclonal immunoglobulins was not found to correlate with the stage or progression of the disease. Conversely, the isolated urinary excretion of BJP showed a relationship with the @entity5 load, as evaluated in terms of clinical enlargement of lymphoid areas. The presence of BJP alone was also a major distinctive feature of @entity1 with @entity146 . These preliminary data would suggest that the isolated urinary excretion of BJP may represent a parameter of clinical significance in evaluating @entity1 with @entity6444 .

title: Monoclonal Bence Jones proteinuria in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy', 'MG']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'CLL']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: Now that the radical treatment of the @entity3153 is established, it is essential to evaluate the prognosis of this condition accurately. Initiation of @entity955 is one of the factors which influence the prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare the results of electrophysiological studies performed by the endocavitary and transoesophageal approaches in the measurement of the initiation of @entity955 . Twenty-six @entity1 with a patent @entity3153 were studied by the two methods with a similar protocol: incremental atrial pacing to the Wenckebach point, programmed atrial stimulation using up to two extrastimuli, repeated with an infusion of 20 to 30 ug of @entity3044 . Sixteen @entity1 had reciprocating @entity591 or were asymptomatic (group I) and the other 10 had spontaneous @entity955 (group II). In group I, @entity955 was induced in 9 cases (56%) by the endocavitary and in two cases (12.5%) by the transoesophageal method. In group II, spontaneous @entity955 was reproduced in all cases by the endocavitary and transoesophageal protocols. None of the @entity1 in group I developed @entity955 during follow-up (average 2 years +/- 9 months). The authors observe that all spontaneous @entity955 of the @entity3153 can be triggered by oesophageal stimulation. The prevalence of @entity955 was overestimated by endocavitary studies in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic @entity1 . The assessment of atrial vulnerability of a @entity3153 may therefore be performed by transoesophageal electro-physiological studies.

title: [Is the transesophageal approach preferable to endocavitary approach in the evaluation of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: Many techniques have been proposed for the treatment of @entity1121 over the last 35 years: myotomy, septal myotomy-myectomy, isolated mitral valve replacement with a low profile prosthesis, cardiac transplantation. Usually, the @entity1 referred for surgery are those who do not respond or are resistant to medical therapy ( @entity1 in NYHA classes III or IV). The usual indication for myomectomy is a significant subaortic gradient and major @entity1184 (> 18 mm). When @entity339 is severe or organic, mitral valve replacement is associated. When @entity1184 is moderate (< 18 mm) or not evenly distributed, or after ineffective myomectomy, mitral valve replacement may be proposed. Cardiac transplantation is only considered when all medical and surgical possibilities have been exhausted. Analysis of the results of surgery (over 1,000 published cases) is hindered by the variability of the techniques employed, the indications and experience of the different groups. The operative mortality has significantly decreased (25% in the 1960s to 2 to 11% at present). The complications of myomectomy are mainly postoperative @entity1757 and @entity713 , some of which require implantation of a pacemaker. Peroperative transoesophageal echocardiography could help to reduce the operative risk even further. Surgery improves symptoms and increases exercise capacity. The benefits seem greater, more frequent and longer lasting than with medical therapy. Surgery should not, however, be considered to be curative as some @entity1 remain at risk of developing symptoms related to physiopathological phenomena other than intraventricular obstruction (poor left ventricular filling, @entity296 , @entity943 ). Although some workers suggest improved survival, there have been no controlled trials on this subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ; techniques, indications and results].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the medium-term efficacy and safety of transobturator four-arm @entity7502 mesh in the treatment of high-stage anterior @entity3133 and concomitant stress @entity322 (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2010 and August 2013, a prospective single-center trial was performed to evaluate @entity1 with stage>= 3 anterior @entity3133 with or without SUI who presented to Labbafinejad Hospital, Teheran, Iran, and underwent anterior vaginal wall repair with @entity7502 mesh. Pre- and postoperative evaluation included history; physical examination using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system and cough stress test, both before and after reduction of prolapsed structures; Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ); urinalysis and culture; and a postvoid residual assessment. Complications were reported at a mean of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 underwent cystocele repair with the transobturator four-arm @entity7502 mesh. Seven of the @entity1 were lost to follow-up. There were no perioperative complications. The anatomical success rate was 87.5%. The subjective success rate was 92.1%. The PFDI and PFIQ were significantly improved after surgery (p<0.001). Among those with the simultaneous complaint of SUI, 82% were cured without any additional procedure. Three @entity1 (4.6%) experienced vaginal mesh extrusion. Two @entity1 (3.1%) reported worsening of @entity546 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The four arms @entity7502 mesh is an effective device for simultaneous correction of anterior @entity3133 and SUI with a low complication rate at a medium-term follow-up. The majority of the subgroup with concomitant SUI were cured without a second simultaneous procedure.

title: Simultaneous treatment of anterior XXXX and stress @entity322 by using transobturator four arms @entity7502 mesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity3133 :: ('MESH:D014596', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal wall prolapse']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity3133 :: (MESH:D014596,Disease) :: ['vaginal wall prolapse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the medium-term efficacy and safety of transobturator four-arm @entity7502 mesh in the treatment of high-stage anterior @entity3133 and concomitant stress @entity322 (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2010 and August 2013, a prospective single-center trial was performed to evaluate @entity1 with stage>= 3 anterior @entity3133 with or without SUI who presented to Labbafinejad Hospital, Teheran, Iran, and underwent anterior vaginal wall repair with @entity7502 mesh. Pre- and postoperative evaluation included history; physical examination using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system and cough stress test, both before and after reduction of prolapsed structures; Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ); urinalysis and culture; and a postvoid residual assessment. Complications were reported at a mean of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 underwent cystocele repair with the transobturator four-arm @entity7502 mesh. Seven of the @entity1 were lost to follow-up. There were no perioperative complications. The anatomical success rate was 87.5%. The subjective success rate was 92.1%. The PFDI and PFIQ were significantly improved after surgery (p<0.001). Among those with the simultaneous complaint of SUI, 82% were cured without any additional procedure. Three @entity1 (4.6%) experienced vaginal mesh extrusion. Two @entity1 (3.1%) reported worsening of @entity546 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The four arms @entity7502 mesh is an effective device for simultaneous correction of anterior @entity3133 and SUI with a low complication rate at a medium-term follow-up. The majority of the subgroup with concomitant SUI were cured without a second simultaneous procedure.

title: Simultaneous treatment of anterior @entity3133 and stress XXXX by using transobturator four arms @entity7502 mesh.

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the medium-term efficacy and safety of transobturator four-arm @entity7502 mesh in the treatment of high-stage anterior @entity3133 and concomitant stress @entity322 (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2010 and August 2013, a prospective single-center trial was performed to evaluate @entity1 with stage>= 3 anterior @entity3133 with or without SUI who presented to Labbafinejad Hospital, Teheran, Iran, and underwent anterior vaginal wall repair with @entity7502 mesh. Pre- and postoperative evaluation included history; physical examination using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system and cough stress test, both before and after reduction of prolapsed structures; Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ); urinalysis and culture; and a postvoid residual assessment. Complications were reported at a mean of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 underwent cystocele repair with the transobturator four-arm @entity7502 mesh. Seven of the @entity1 were lost to follow-up. There were no perioperative complications. The anatomical success rate was 87.5%. The subjective success rate was 92.1%. The PFDI and PFIQ were significantly improved after surgery (p<0.001). Among those with the simultaneous complaint of SUI, 82% were cured without any additional procedure. Three @entity1 (4.6%) experienced vaginal mesh extrusion. Two @entity1 (3.1%) reported worsening of @entity546 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The four arms @entity7502 mesh is an effective device for simultaneous correction of anterior @entity3133 and SUI with a low complication rate at a medium-term follow-up. The majority of the subgroup with concomitant SUI were cured without a second simultaneous procedure.

title: Simultaneous treatment of anterior @entity3133 and stress @entity322 by using transobturator four arms XXXX mesh.

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the @entity4631 outbreak in Ireland and the UK in 2001, there was significant uncertainty amongstveterinary practitioners and government veterinary inspectors surrounding the clinical diagnosis of @entity4631 insheep. This situation was complicated by reports of @entity9645 that closely resembled @entity4631 ongross appearance which at that time were referred to as @entity2133 and gum obscure disease. METHODS: A field and abattoir study was carried out to determine the frequency, appearance and significance of oraland digital lesions in @entity742 in Ireland. A total of 3, 263 @entity742 were examined in 22 flocks, including 1, 969 @entity742 and 1, 294 adults. A further 2,403 animals were examined by abattoir inspections. Animals bearing lesions of interest were identified, samples of the lesions were taken and subsequently examined by bacteriology, electron microscopy, serology, immunohistochemistry and histopathology. RESULTS: Forty four oral and 20 digital lesions were identified and characterised. @entity75 were recorded mostfrequently in @entity742 , where the most common cause was @entity13581 infection. The majority of the oral lesions recorded in the adults was idiopathic and consistent with a diagnosis of @entity9645 . A variety of digital lesions was observed, consistent with scald, foot-rot and @entity11536 ( @entity11536 ). All of the animals with lesions were seronegative to @entity4631 virus (FMDV). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difficulty in differentiating these lesions from those caused by FMDV on the basis of flockhistory and careful clinical examination.

title: Profiling oral and digital lesions in XXXX in Ireland.

entities_list: @entity11536 :: ('MESH:D058066', 'Disease') :: ['CODD', 'contagious ovine digital dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic oral ulcers', 'idiopathic oral ulceration']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['ovine mouth']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate to what extent vocational rehabilitation and working on a trial basis have an impact on employment after rehabilitation. DESIGN: Follow-up survey, conducted in 1991, among all @entity1 , aged 14 to 64, who were treated between 1984 and 1987. SETTING: An out-clinic department of a rehabilitation center in the west of The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: 395 @entity1 (59% of the original sample) participated in the study. They suffer from @entity85 due to back @entity158 (41%), @entity1545 (20%), @entity16 (12%), @entity130 to the upper and/or lower extremities (8%), @entity309 (7%), or other disorders (12%). No differences were found between those who did and those who did not respond with regard to age, gender, marital status, disorder, work experience, and participation in vocational rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Odds ratio of having a paid job after rehabilitation. RESULTS: Participation in vocational rehabilitation and working on a trial basis depends on age, gender, work experience, and disorder. When statistically controlled for these variables vocational rehabilitation (odds ratio 1.96; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 3.42) and working on a trial basis (odds ratio 3.26; 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 6.11) proved to have a significant impact on employment after rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that rehabilitation programs that aim specifically at promoting employment for @entity1 with disabilities are effective, in particular when they take place in both a laboratory and a natural setting. The validity of this suggestion must be further tested by means of an experimental design.

title: Employment after rehabilitation for XXXX : the impact of vocational rehabilitation and working on a trial basis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal impairments']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal impairments']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trunk muscle strength and performance in long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 relative to age and sex-matched controls, and to relate the muscle strength observations to the therapeutic agents used and possible hormonal disturbances. DESIGN: Age and sex-matched cohort study. SETTING: Referral center in the northern part of Finland. @entity1 : Forty-six long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 . Mean age at examination 19.1 years and median off-therapy time 9.4 years. INTERVENTION: Isokinetic dynamometer testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of trunk muscle peak torque (PT) and @entity348 ( @entity348 ) were performed at angle speeds of 50 degrees/sec and 200 degrees/sec. The results were normalized relative to body fat-free weight (FFW). RESULTS: PT in the trunk muscles was lower in the @entity1 at both angle speeds (mean normalized PT = 5.7Nm/kgFFW vs 7.6Nm/kgFFW for controls at 50 degrees/sec), as also was @entity348 except for extension @entity348 at the higher angle speed (mean normalized @entity348 = 59.9J/kgFFW vs 84.6J/kgFFW for controls at 200 degrees/sec). The normalized PT at 50 degrees/sec and @entity348 at 200 degrees/sec were lower in the males with @entity16 ; also, low age at diagnosis correlated positively with muscle strength and performance. There were no differences in normalized PTs or TWDs between cranial radiation and non-radiation cases, or between @entity2124 -deficient and @entity3257 cases, and the @entity1 without cranial radiation or with normal growth hormone secretion still had lower normalized PTs and TWDs than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of childhood @entity5 have decreased maximal trunk muscle strength and performance. The etiology of this effect remains unclear, but young age at diagnosis, as well as serum @entity251 levels in male survivors, evidently influence muscle strength and performance.

title: Decreased isokinetic trunk muscle strength and performance in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX : correlation with hormonal defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total work done', 'TWD']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-deficient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7135 ( @entity7135 ) is life-threatening and can result in severe sequelae. In France, no data have been published on the costs of severe @entity7135 cases. Two realistic scenarios were developed with national experts (clinicians and social workers): a 6-year-old @entity1 with @entity18536 with amputation of both legs below the knee (case A) and a 3-year-old with @entity693 and severe neurological sequelae (case B). Additional scenarios included other typical sequelae of @entity7135 such as @entity740 ( @entity740 ), profound @entity2319 and @entity302 . Data on healthcare, disability, educational and other resource use were obtained from experts and families of @entity1 with similar sequelae. Unit costs (2013) were mainly obtained from the literature and the National Health Insurance (NHI). Time horizon was based on life expectancies of @entity1 (77 and 55 years, respectively). A 4% discount rate decreasing to 2% after 30 years was applied. Costs are presented from the perspective of the NHI, publicly funded organizations and @entity1 ' families or their private health insurances. @entity18536 with amputations is associated with a lifelong discounted cost of    768,875. Adding @entity740 doubles the amount (   1,480,545). @entity693 with severe neuro-cognitive sequelae results in a lifelong discounted cost of    1,924,475. Adding profound @entity2319 and @entity302 slightly increases the total cost (   2,267,251). The first year is the most expensive in both scenarios (   166,890 and    160,647 respectively). The main cost drivers for each scenario are prostheses and @entity1 /adult stays in healthcare facilities, respectively. Overall, @entity1 ' families or his private insurance had to pay around 13% of total cost (101,833    and 258,817   , respectively). This study fills a gap in the body of knowledge on @entity7135 sequelae care and lifetime costs in France. The potentially high economic burden of @entity7135 , in addition to its physical, psychological and social burden, reinforces the need for prevention.

title: Lifetime cost of @entity7135 in France: Scenarios of severe @entity693 and septicemia with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity18536 :: ('MESH:D055665', 'Disease') :: ['purpura fulminans']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['IMD', 'Invasive meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity18536 :: (MESH:D055665,Disease) :: ['purpura fulminans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7135 ( @entity7135 ) is life-threatening and can result in severe sequelae. In France, no data have been published on the costs of severe @entity7135 cases. Two realistic scenarios were developed with national experts (clinicians and social workers): a 6-year-old @entity1 with @entity18536 with amputation of both legs below the knee (case A) and a 3-year-old with @entity693 and severe neurological sequelae (case B). Additional scenarios included other typical sequelae of @entity7135 such as @entity740 ( @entity740 ), profound @entity2319 and @entity302 . Data on healthcare, disability, educational and other resource use were obtained from experts and families of @entity1 with similar sequelae. Unit costs (2013) were mainly obtained from the literature and the National Health Insurance (NHI). Time horizon was based on life expectancies of @entity1 (77 and 55 years, respectively). A 4% discount rate decreasing to 2% after 30 years was applied. Costs are presented from the perspective of the NHI, publicly funded organizations and @entity1 ' families or their private health insurances. @entity18536 with amputations is associated with a lifelong discounted cost of    768,875. Adding @entity740 doubles the amount (   1,480,545). @entity693 with severe neuro-cognitive sequelae results in a lifelong discounted cost of    1,924,475. Adding profound @entity2319 and @entity302 slightly increases the total cost (   2,267,251). The first year is the most expensive in both scenarios (   166,890 and    160,647 respectively). The main cost drivers for each scenario are prostheses and @entity1 /adult stays in healthcare facilities, respectively. Overall, @entity1 ' families or his private insurance had to pay around 13% of total cost (101,833    and 258,817   , respectively). This study fills a gap in the body of knowledge on @entity7135 sequelae care and lifetime costs in France. The potentially high economic burden of @entity7135 , in addition to its physical, psychological and social burden, reinforces the need for prevention.

title: Lifetime cost of XXXX in France: Scenarios of severe @entity693 and septicemia with @entity18536 .

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7135 ( @entity7135 ) is life-threatening and can result in severe sequelae. In France, no data have been published on the costs of severe @entity7135 cases. Two realistic scenarios were developed with national experts (clinicians and social workers): a 6-year-old @entity1 with @entity18536 with amputation of both legs below the knee (case A) and a 3-year-old with @entity693 and severe neurological sequelae (case B). Additional scenarios included other typical sequelae of @entity7135 such as @entity740 ( @entity740 ), profound @entity2319 and @entity302 . Data on healthcare, disability, educational and other resource use were obtained from experts and families of @entity1 with similar sequelae. Unit costs (2013) were mainly obtained from the literature and the National Health Insurance (NHI). Time horizon was based on life expectancies of @entity1 (77 and 55 years, respectively). A 4% discount rate decreasing to 2% after 30 years was applied. Costs are presented from the perspective of the NHI, publicly funded organizations and @entity1 ' families or their private health insurances. @entity18536 with amputations is associated with a lifelong discounted cost of    768,875. Adding @entity740 doubles the amount (   1,480,545). @entity693 with severe neuro-cognitive sequelae results in a lifelong discounted cost of    1,924,475. Adding profound @entity2319 and @entity302 slightly increases the total cost (   2,267,251). The first year is the most expensive in both scenarios (   166,890 and    160,647 respectively). The main cost drivers for each scenario are prostheses and @entity1 /adult stays in healthcare facilities, respectively. Overall, @entity1 ' families or his private insurance had to pay around 13% of total cost (101,833    and 258,817   , respectively). This study fills a gap in the body of knowledge on @entity7135 sequelae care and lifetime costs in France. The potentially high economic burden of @entity7135 , in addition to its physical, psychological and social burden, reinforces the need for prevention.

title: Lifetime cost of @entity7135 in France: Scenarios of severe XXXX and septicemia with @entity18536 .

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: Soluble @entity5688 kinase (NDP kinase) from @entity5132 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and a partial sequence was determined. The enzyme was kinetically and physically characterized. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed a single polypeptide of 17 kDa upon staining, by immunodetection with heterologous and homologous antibodies, and by autoradiography of the phosphorylated enzyme. Furthermore, isoelectric focusing of the purified native enzyme showed a single acidic band (pI 4.5). These results together with a native molecular mass of 98 kDa suggest a hexameric native enzyme composed of identical subunits. Like NDP kinases from other sources, the catalysis involves a phosphoenzyme intermediate that is rapidly formed upon incubation of the enzyme with @entity855 . The transfer of @entity1391 from phosphoprotein intermediate to @entity5688 is equally fast. Kinetic experiments indicated that @entity3007 and @entity855 had the lowest Km compared to @entity856 , dTTP, and @entity93 . @entity3006 acted as a preferred acceptor as assessed by kinetic measurements as well as by competition experiments. Experimental data are presented indicating the existence of a membrane-associated NDP kinase. Preliminary characterization of this enzyme suggests that cytosolic and membrane-associated NDP kinases are similar proteins.

title: @entity5132 XXXX kinase: purification and characterization.

entities_list: @entity5688 :: ('CHEBI:16862', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside diphosphates', 'nucleoside-diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity5688 :: (CHEBI:16862,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside-diphosphate']


abstract: Soluble @entity5688 kinase (NDP kinase) from @entity5132 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and a partial sequence was determined. The enzyme was kinetically and physically characterized. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed a single polypeptide of 17 kDa upon staining, by immunodetection with heterologous and homologous antibodies, and by autoradiography of the phosphorylated enzyme. Furthermore, isoelectric focusing of the purified native enzyme showed a single acidic band (pI 4.5). These results together with a native molecular mass of 98 kDa suggest a hexameric native enzyme composed of identical subunits. Like NDP kinases from other sources, the catalysis involves a phosphoenzyme intermediate that is rapidly formed upon incubation of the enzyme with @entity855 . The transfer of @entity1391 from phosphoprotein intermediate to @entity5688 is equally fast. Kinetic experiments indicated that @entity3007 and @entity855 had the lowest Km compared to @entity856 , dTTP, and @entity93 . @entity3006 acted as a preferred acceptor as assessed by kinetic measurements as well as by competition experiments. Experimental data are presented indicating the existence of a membrane-associated NDP kinase. Preliminary characterization of this enzyme suggests that cytosolic and membrane-associated NDP kinases are similar proteins.

title: XXXX @entity5688 kinase: purification and characterization.

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Adjuvant therapy following surgery has been mainstream in surgical adjuvant therapy for the @entity1 with @entity418 in Japan. In western countries, neoadjuvant therapy has become popular in which surgery is performed depending on the effects of preoperative treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy offers the advantage of downstaging the @entity5 and enhancing resectability and the potential advantage of assessing the response to preoperative chemotherapy directly in the @entity5 . Disadvantages include possible emergence of chemotherapy-resistant @entity5 cells, as well as the delay in @entity5 control and postoperative morbidity. In the phase II studies, most regimens have included CDDP/ @entity1487 . Pathological CR rates have been less than 10% and median survival terms from eight to 28 months. The rationale for the concurrent use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is to combine an agent that has an effect upon systemic micrometastases with a modality that enhances @entity5 control. In addition, a number of chemotherapeutic agents have radiosensitizing effects. The majority of trials have employed CDDP/ @entity1487 combined with RT for a total dose of 30 Gy. Pathological CR rates were from 20 to 40% and median survival terms from 12 to 29 months. Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor chemoradiotherapy increased operative morbidity mortality, and there was a statistically significant increase in survival in complete responders. However, though the early and median survival was improved, the cure rate was not. Both therapies remain investigational.

title: [Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'achieving effective local tumor', 'primary tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser cyclophotocoagulation ( @entity33679 ) and cyclocryotherapy (CCT) in the treatment of @entity726 and compare the @entity260 and discomfort rates. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study, 40 eyes of 40 @entity1 with @entity726 were randomly assigned in 2 groups of 20 eyes each to receive either @entity33679 or CCT. @entity1 underwent follow-up examinations on the first 3 days and then 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after initial treatment. Complications and discomfort after treatment using a @entity227 analogue scale were recorded. RESULTS: In the @entity33679 group, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased (p<0.05) from 44.3    16.4 mmHg preoperatively to 24.1    7.6 mmHg, 22.8    5.6 mmHg, and 22.5    5.1 mmHg 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment, respectively. Regarding the CCT group, the mean IOP was reduced (p<0.05) from 46.5    10.4 mmHg to 26.6    12.2 mmHg, 21.2    7.7 mmHg, and 20.6    5 mmHg at the same time intervals. In the @entity33679 group, the mean IOP reduction was strongly correlated with the number of laser effects (r = 0.65; p<0.01), but 35% needed retreatments. The mean @entity282 was 5.6    2.9 ( @entity33679 ) vs 5.7    2.3 (CCT) (p = 0.91). No severe complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity33679 and CCT proved to be safe and effective IOP-lowering methods in @entity1 with @entity726 . Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation should be considered as the primary treatment option in @entity726 using an individual treatment dosage.

title: Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation versus cyclocryotherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual pain']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['refractory glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['refractory glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the early @entity558 ( @entity558 ) effect [initiated 15 days after the @entity296 ( @entity296 )] in the functional capacity. METHODS: Twenty-two male @entity1 (mean-age of 52y-o), divided in two groups (A and B, 11 @entity1 each), were studied. Group A started @entity558 3 months after @entity296 (phase III), with a training intensity of about 70% of the maximum heart rate reserve, during three months, three sessions per week with one hour duration. Group B started @entity558 15 days after the @entity296 (fase II), with a training intensity up to five metabolic unities, three times a week, 1 hour and 15 duration. The post- @entity296 period of three months was designated as the time I (beginning of fase III) and six months as time 2. Stress test, Kraus-Weber flexibility test, coxo-femural flexibility test (flexion, elevation and abduction) and scapule-umeral flexibility test (flexion, extension and abduction) were applied. RESULTS: The maximum @entity26 uptake and the total work increased significantly from time 1 to time 2 in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups, either in time 1 or 2. Flexibility in the Kraus-Weber test and in the scapule-umeral flexibility test when in flexion, were significantly greater in group B than A, in both times (1 and 2). Other flexibility variables studied show no significant difference, neither between the studied groups nor in the times 1 and 2 of evaluation. CONCLUSION: Early @entity558 after @entity296 increased the value of two variables that measure flexibility. However, it has not increased other flexibilities variables and the aerobic capacity.

title: [Early XXXX of @entity1 surgically treated for myocardial revascularization. Influence on the functional capacity].

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['physical conditioning', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'myocardial revascularization surgery']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['physical conditioning']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the early @entity558 ( @entity558 ) effect [initiated 15 days after the @entity296 ( @entity296 )] in the functional capacity. METHODS: Twenty-two male @entity1 (mean-age of 52y-o), divided in two groups (A and B, 11 @entity1 each), were studied. Group A started @entity558 3 months after @entity296 (phase III), with a training intensity of about 70% of the maximum heart rate reserve, during three months, three sessions per week with one hour duration. Group B started @entity558 15 days after the @entity296 (fase II), with a training intensity up to five metabolic unities, three times a week, 1 hour and 15 duration. The post- @entity296 period of three months was designated as the time I (beginning of fase III) and six months as time 2. Stress test, Kraus-Weber flexibility test, coxo-femural flexibility test (flexion, elevation and abduction) and scapule-umeral flexibility test (flexion, extension and abduction) were applied. RESULTS: The maximum @entity26 uptake and the total work increased significantly from time 1 to time 2 in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups, either in time 1 or 2. Flexibility in the Kraus-Weber test and in the scapule-umeral flexibility test when in flexion, were significantly greater in group B than A, in both times (1 and 2). Other flexibility variables studied show no significant difference, neither between the studied groups nor in the times 1 and 2 of evaluation. CONCLUSION: Early @entity558 after @entity296 increased the value of two variables that measure flexibility. However, it has not increased other flexibilities variables and the aerobic capacity.

title: [Early @entity558 of XXXX surgically treated for myocardial revascularization. Influence on the functional capacity].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Using a triple-lumen constant perfusion system, we have studied ileal electrolyte transport in a @entity1 with @entity5838 with @entity294 and made the following observations. First, @entity2865 cannot be transported against electrochemical gradients, but can be readily absorbed or secreted down electrochemical gradients. Second, @entity2865 secretion down an electrochemical gradient can be increased by raising lumen @entity3157 concentration. Third, @entity1372 absorption does occur against electrochemical gradients and is associated with @entity3884 ion secretion. Fourth, electrical potential difference (PD) between lumen and blood is near zero when lumen @entity1372 concentration is 140 mEq/liter. Fifth, a normal @entity1372 diffusion potential is present. Sixth, @entity972 is transported passively in response to electrochemical gradients. The ileal electrolyte transport disorder of @entity5838 with @entity294 can be simulated exactly in normal subjects perfused with a solution in which @entity2865 is replaced with poorly absorbable @entity597 and @entity1391 . These results can be explained by postulating a single defect in the double ion exchange model ( @entity1372 - @entity3884 , @entity2865 - @entity3157 ) previously proposed for normal ileal transport: i.e., normal @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange, but a @entity2865 - @entity3157 exchange that is incapable of transporting @entity2865 against an electrochemical gradient, yet continues to transport anions passively. In contrast, the results appear incompatible with the concept of ileal electrogenic @entity1372 transport.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity5838 with XXXX . Implications for the physiology of normal ileal electrolyte absorption and secretion.

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['congenital alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Using a triple-lumen constant perfusion system, we have studied ileal electrolyte transport in a @entity1 with @entity5838 with @entity294 and made the following observations. First, @entity2865 cannot be transported against electrochemical gradients, but can be readily absorbed or secreted down electrochemical gradients. Second, @entity2865 secretion down an electrochemical gradient can be increased by raising lumen @entity3157 concentration. Third, @entity1372 absorption does occur against electrochemical gradients and is associated with @entity3884 ion secretion. Fourth, electrical potential difference (PD) between lumen and blood is near zero when lumen @entity1372 concentration is 140 mEq/liter. Fifth, a normal @entity1372 diffusion potential is present. Sixth, @entity972 is transported passively in response to electrochemical gradients. The ileal electrolyte transport disorder of @entity5838 with @entity294 can be simulated exactly in normal subjects perfused with a solution in which @entity2865 is replaced with poorly absorbable @entity597 and @entity1391 . These results can be explained by postulating a single defect in the double ion exchange model ( @entity1372 - @entity3884 , @entity2865 - @entity3157 ) previously proposed for normal ileal transport: i.e., normal @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange, but a @entity2865 - @entity3157 exchange that is incapable of transporting @entity2865 against an electrochemical gradient, yet continues to transport anions passively. In contrast, the results appear incompatible with the concept of ileal electrogenic @entity1372 transport.

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX with @entity294 . Implications for the physiology of normal ileal electrolyte absorption and secretion.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity5838 :: (MESH:D000471,Disease) :: ['congenital alkalosis']


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity378 of the knee followed up for an average of 15 years were reviewed. The majority of @entity1 developed the disease during childhood. All had received standard anti-tuberculous drug treatment. Fifteen were treated conservatively alone, while the other 15 had a debridement type of surgery in addition to drugs. At review, one-third had occasional mild @entity158 , but this was only present in the conservatively treated group. Stiffness, however, was more predominant in the operated and in the late onset groups. Some mild @entity85 was seen in 17 out of 30 @entity1 and was related not so much to disturbance of epiphyseal growth, but rather, to @entity79 . Interesting X-ray appearances at follow-up were found. The factors which could lead to a good outcome included young age of onset, treatment within six months of onset, and early mobilisation. If the disease is well advanced, surgical treatment will lead to a painless joint, but with greater restriction of joint movement.

title: XXXX of the knee -- a long term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone collapse']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: During the period 1979-80, 20 @entity1 with morbid @entity28 underwent a gastric bypass procedure in our department. The selected @entity1 were under 50 years old and were overweight by 45 kg or more. Previously, all the @entity1 had unsuccessfully followed prolonged dietary regimes, some had tried dental splinting, and one had undergone three unsuccessful jejunoileal bypasses. The surgical technique used in two cases was transection of the stomach and gastrojejunostomy. In 18 cases, a gastric stapling procedure was performed. the upper gastric pouch was restricted to 5% of the entire stomach, and the gastrojejunostomy was limited to a 12-mm diameter. In the case with the failed jejunoileal bypass, dismantling of the intestinal bypass, reanastomosis, and a gastric bypass were performed in one stage. Weight loss averaged 8 kg/month for three months after the intervention, and then decreased to 2 to 4 kg/month. Laboratory studies after 6 and 12 months showed no deviation from normal. The use of the gastric bypass procedure, which does not involve @entity14079 or serious side effects, in @entity28 results in a satisfactory long-term weight reduction, and an improvement in the quality of life.

title: Gastric bypass operation in morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14079 :: ('MESH:D020739', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic complications']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['refractory obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: We determined the effects of chronic fibrinogen depletion on the development of @entity3126 after @entity358 . @entity235 were defibrinogenated with a purified fraction of Malayan pitviper venom (ancrod). Studies were made in four groups: control untreated (group I); emboli untreated (group II); control defibrinogenated (group III); and emboli defibrinogenated (group IV). Fibrinogen decreased (P < 0.05) from 570.6 +/- 100.9 to 5.3 +/- 3.1 mg/100 ml in the ancrod-treated groups. Pulmonary arterial pressure was increased to similar levels in both embolized groups after infusion of 100-mug-diam nonsiliconized glass beads into the right atrium. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary perfusion pressure were initially increased to similar levels in both embolized groups, but by 75 min postembolization (PE) both parameters were higher (P < 0.05) in the defibrinogenated group. The extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung ratio at 75 min PE of 4.53 +/- 0.24 in group II was greater than the control value of 2.84 +/- 0.22 in group I (P < 0.05). In contrast, the extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung ratio of 3.64 +/- 0.09 in group IV was not different from the control value of 3.38 +/- 0.04 in group III, but was less than 4.53 +/- 0.24 in group II (P < 0.05). Therefore, chronic defibrinogenation in @entity235 prevented the development of @entity3126 after @entity358 . The protective effect may be due to inhibition of the increase in lung vascular permeability and to a time-dependent reduction in pulmonary microvascular pressure.

title: Effect of defibrinogenation on lung water accumulation after pulmonary microembolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary microembolization']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The effect of @entity13785 on the nucleolus and on melanogenesis in differentiating pigment cells of @entity1238 was investigated in cultured neural crest cells. Cultures were treated with either 2 or 10 microgram/ml @entity13785 for 41/2 hours. Following treatment the antibiotic was removed. Observations of the cells were made with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. @entity4316 almost entirely stopped pigment formation in neural crest cultures during treatment. The morphological sequence in the formation of melanin granules in the untreated pigment cells appears to be as follows: The earliest identifiable premelanosome is membrane-bound and contains very thin laminae and/or small vesciles. The premelanosomes become until they are approximately the size of mature melanin granules and there is thickening of the laminae, which appear to have a periodic substructure. The cells eventually become packed with electron-dense melanin granules. Compared with controls, the cytoplasm of treated cells showed a greater abundance of smooth- than of fuzzy-membraned vesicles, less rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi cisternae, and a smaller number of premelanosomes. The necleolus showed segregation and blebbing of its components, decrease in size and even disappearance; sometimes confluence of the components occurred. The most consistent morphological effect of @entity13785 on the nucleolus was the separation of the fibrillar and granular areas. The granular component appeared to undergo marked changes in size and arrangement and is thought to be the source of ribosomal RNA precursors. The alteration in size of the outer component of the nucleolus went hand in hand with disappearance of free ribosomes from the cytoplasm of treated cells and inhibition of pigment synthesis.

title: The effect of @entity4316 on the nucleolus and on pigment synthesis in pigment cells of XXXX : an ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: The effect of @entity13785 on the nucleolus and on melanogenesis in differentiating pigment cells of @entity1238 was investigated in cultured neural crest cells. Cultures were treated with either 2 or 10 microgram/ml @entity13785 for 41/2 hours. Following treatment the antibiotic was removed. Observations of the cells were made with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. @entity4316 almost entirely stopped pigment formation in neural crest cultures during treatment. The morphological sequence in the formation of melanin granules in the untreated pigment cells appears to be as follows: The earliest identifiable premelanosome is membrane-bound and contains very thin laminae and/or small vesciles. The premelanosomes become until they are approximately the size of mature melanin granules and there is thickening of the laminae, which appear to have a periodic substructure. The cells eventually become packed with electron-dense melanin granules. Compared with controls, the cytoplasm of treated cells showed a greater abundance of smooth- than of fuzzy-membraned vesicles, less rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi cisternae, and a smaller number of premelanosomes. The necleolus showed segregation and blebbing of its components, decrease in size and even disappearance; sometimes confluence of the components occurred. The most consistent morphological effect of @entity13785 on the nucleolus was the separation of the fibrillar and granular areas. The granular component appeared to undergo marked changes in size and arrangement and is thought to be the source of ribosomal RNA precursors. The alteration in size of the outer component of the nucleolus went hand in hand with disappearance of free ribosomes from the cytoplasm of treated cells and inhibition of pigment synthesis.

title: The effect of XXXX on the nucleolus and on pigment synthesis in pigment cells of @entity1238 : an ultrastructural study.

answer: @entity4316 :: (MESH:D003609,Chemical) :: ['actinomycin D']