abstract: Two hundred sixty-four @entity1 exhibiting @entity432 underwent operation for @entity2792 between 1961 and 1977. Included were 27 pediatric @entity1 . @entity66 affected 132 adults. @entity731 affected 51 @entity1 with and 54 @entity1 without clinically overt extrarenal @entity65 . @entity63 kidney @entity916 hypersecretion (renal: systemic index greater than 0.48), associated with suppressed contralateral kidney @entity916 secretion (renal: systemic index approaching 0.0) predicted curability most reliably. Three hundred forty-eight operations were performed, of which 297 were primary and 51 were secondary procedures. Nephrectomy was initial therapy in 15 cases. Three operative @entity204 occurred among 51 @entity1 manifesting overt extrarenal @entity66 . No operative mortality was encountered among the other 213 @entity1 . Surgical benefits were afforded 96% of pediatric @entity1 and adults with @entity66 , 91% of @entity1 with focal @entity8 , and 73% of those exhibiting @entity4288 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic disease', 'fibrodysplastic disease', 'Fibrodysplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['overt extrarenal arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine retrospectively the outcome of postoperative radiation therapy in @entity2675 . Local/distant control was assessed with attention to age, stage, lymph node involvement, histopathological differentiation and hormone receptor status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one male @entity1 were irradiated postoperatively at the chest wall (mean dose 50 Gy) and 16 @entity1 received radiation to regional lymph nodes. @entity5 distribution by stage was: stage 0 (9.7%), stage I (22.6%), stage II (32.2%) and stage III (35.5%). Nine @entity1 were subjected to additional hormone therapy and three @entity1 to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Local control was achieved in 30/31 (96.8%) @entity1 . Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS), disease specific (DSS) and disease free survival (DFS) at 5 years were 77% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61-0.93), 84% (CI, 0.69-0.98) and 73% (CI, 0.57-0.91), respectively. Five-year DFS for stage 0 + I, II and III was 100, 56.3 and 67.3%, respectively. Favourable results were observed in @entity1 with negative axillary nodes with 5-year OS/DFS of 90.9% (CI, 0.74-1.0). For lymph node positive @entity1 DFS was 71% (CI, 0.4-1.0). @entity1 who presented lymph node metastases with extracapsular extension the 5-year OS was 80% (CI, 0.45-1.00), but the DFS was 0%. Stage of disease, lymph node involvement and histological differentiation were found to have statistically significant influence on DFS, but not on OS. CONCLUSION: Application of postoperative radiotherapy approved in females resulted in one local relapse in our study population. Other treatment modalities (hormone therapy/chemotherapy) should continue to be considered a necessary treatment option for appropriately selected @entity1 .

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast cancer']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['male breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a systematic musculoskeletal ultrasonographic (US) assessment in the detection of residual disease activity in @entity1 with early @entity309 who achieved clinical remission. METHODS: We prospectively studied 106 early @entity309 @entity1 receiving conventional DMARDs according to a disease activity score (DAS)-steered therapeutic protocol over a 24-month period. Standard evaluation included clinical, laboratory, functional and systematic (44 joints) US assessment. US indexes of grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) @entity603 were correlated with clinical evaluation, laboratory indexes and clinical outcome. Clinical remission was defined when DAS was <1.6 at two consecutive visits 3 months apart. RESULTS: US examination was significantly more sensitive than clinical examination, both in active disease and in remission. In @entity1 with an active disease, both clinical and US indexes correlated with CRP, whereas in remission only PD still remained significantly correlated. In clinical remission, 95% of the @entity1 showed @entity603 , and 41% of them showed a positive PD signal. Positive PD signal, even in a single joint, resulted the main predictor of relapse within 6 months, both in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of early @entity309 @entity1 treated with conventional DMARDs, US-GS can detect residual disease activity more sensitively than clinical examination both in active disease and in remission. Moreover, PD-positive @entity1184 identifies an ongoing @entity32 even during remission and predicts short-term relapse.

title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of joint involvement in early XXXX in clinical remission: power Doppler signal predicts short-term relapse.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['residual GS synovitis', 'synovitis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard treatment for @entity1204 . However, until now there has been no clear indication that radiotherapy in that setting improves survival. This calls for critical assessment of the relation between the expected benefit and the number and severity of postradiotherapeutic side effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study 159 consecutive @entity1 with stage I and II @entity1204 were treated with external radiotherapy and vaginal brachytherapy after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy (no surgical lymph node staging). Recurrence rates, survival and side effects were evaluated, in particular with regard to the relation of acute and late @entity137 . RESULTS: Five percent of all @entity1 developed a recurrence either in the abdomen or at distant locations. No pelvic relapses were diagnosed. Five-year relapse-free survival was 92% for stage IA + B, 84% for stage IC, and 79% for @entity34 . Acute @entity137 was seen in 65.4% of @entity1 , all grade 1 or 2, late @entity137 grade 1 or 2 in 18.8%, grade 3 or 4 complications in 1.8%. The estimated 5-year freedom from late @entity137 was 76.8%. Seventy-seven percent of all @entity1 with treatment interruptions or premature end of therapy experienced @entity130 . In ten of 33 @entity1 with late sequelae there was no free interval between early and late @entity137 . No relation of radiation technique/fractionation and the rate of side effects was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiotherapy leads to excellent pelvic control, with few serious complications. Major acute @entity137 shows significant correlation with the incidence of severe @entity130 , which we suggest to classify in part as consequential late effects.

title: Therapeutic outcome and relation of acute and late side effects in the adjuvant radiotherapy of XXXX stage I and II.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['late injury']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventive programs for individuals who have high lifetime risks of @entity14 may reduce disease morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that are associated with @entity14 and to monitor the effects of tailored surveillance. In particular, @entity1 with @entity4309 , @entity14 ( @entity14 ), have an increased risk to develop @entity14 at an early age. The syndrome is explained by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, and there is a need for diagnostic tools to preselect @entity1 for genetic testing to diagnose those with @entity14 . METHODS: @entity1 (n = 112) from 285 families who were counseled between 1990 and 2005 at a clinic for @entity1 at high risk for @entity14 were selected for screening to detect mutations in MMR genes @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , and @entity14437 based on family history, @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and immunohistochemical analysis of MMR protein expression. @entity5 were also screened for @entity817 @entity8554 mutations; @entity1 with the mutation were considered as non- @entity14 . RESULTS: Among the 112 @entity1 who were selected for screening, 69 had germline MMR mutations (58 pathogenic and 11 of unknown biologic relevance). Sixteen of the 69 mutations (23%) were missense mutations. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 38 of 43 (88%) of @entity1 in families who met Amsterdam criteria and in 13 of 22 (59%) of @entity1 in families who did not. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 5 of 17 (29%) of families meeting Amsterdam criteria and in 1 of 30 (3%) of non-Amsterdam families with one @entity1 younger than age 50 years. In three @entity1 with @entity5 who had pathogenic mutations in @entity6756 or @entity4638 , immunohistochemistry showed loss of the mutated protein. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that missense MMR gene mutations are common in @entity14 and that germline MMR mutations are also found in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: @entity4309 ( XXXX ) diagnostics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'MSI-negative tumors', 'MSI-positive tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'hereditary colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventive programs for individuals who have high lifetime risks of @entity14 may reduce disease morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that are associated with @entity14 and to monitor the effects of tailored surveillance. In particular, @entity1 with @entity4309 , @entity14 ( @entity14 ), have an increased risk to develop @entity14 at an early age. The syndrome is explained by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, and there is a need for diagnostic tools to preselect @entity1 for genetic testing to diagnose those with @entity14 . METHODS: @entity1 (n = 112) from 285 families who were counseled between 1990 and 2005 at a clinic for @entity1 at high risk for @entity14 were selected for screening to detect mutations in MMR genes @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , and @entity14437 based on family history, @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and immunohistochemical analysis of MMR protein expression. @entity5 were also screened for @entity817 @entity8554 mutations; @entity1 with the mutation were considered as non- @entity14 . RESULTS: Among the 112 @entity1 who were selected for screening, 69 had germline MMR mutations (58 pathogenic and 11 of unknown biologic relevance). Sixteen of the 69 mutations (23%) were missense mutations. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 38 of 43 (88%) of @entity1 in families who met Amsterdam criteria and in 13 of 22 (59%) of @entity1 in families who did not. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 5 of 17 (29%) of families meeting Amsterdam criteria and in 1 of 30 (3%) of non-Amsterdam families with one @entity1 younger than age 50 years. In three @entity1 with @entity5 who had pathogenic mutations in @entity6756 or @entity4638 , immunohistochemistry showed loss of the mutated protein. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that missense MMR gene mutations are common in @entity14 and that germline MMR mutations are also found in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: XXXX ( @entity14 ) diagnostics.

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: RhoE, a @entity16092 , is constitutively @entity3007 bound within the cell and can regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization, leading to the appearance of aggregates of actin filaments. Although emerging evidence suggests that RhoE is causally involved in @entity5 formation and progression, little is known about its significance in solid @entity5 , including @entity2 . In the present study, the expression of RhoE was analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot in 30 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Then the correlation of RhoE overexpression with clinical parameters was evaluated. Furthermore, the possible reasons contributing to the RhoE expression were examined by real-time genomic PCR and mutation analysis on DNA sequence and cDNA sequence. Our results revealed that RhoE expression was dramatically @entity2 tissues compared with adjacent nontumoral lung tissues (p <0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a strong cytoplasmic staining in @entity5 cells compared with positive membrane staining in adjacent nontumoral proliferative alveolar epitheliums. Moreover, the overexpression of RhoE was significantly associated with the @entity1 ' smoking history (p <0.05). 72% @entity5 tissues displayed DNA copy number changes based on the DNA levels in the matched adjacent nontumoral lung tissues and this copy number changes correlated significantly with RhoE expression and smoking history (p <0.05). Three polymorphisms were identified but no correlation was found with the clinicopathological features. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that overexpression of RhoE correlated with smoking and DNA copy number changes, suggesting that RhoE may serve as a molecular marker to identify high-risk individuals and assist in the identification of additional pathways of @entity105 .

title: Overexpression of RhoE in @entity1149 ( XXXX ) is associated with smoking and correlates with DNA copy number changes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increased in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: RhoE, a @entity16092 , is constitutively @entity3007 bound within the cell and can regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization, leading to the appearance of aggregates of actin filaments. Although emerging evidence suggests that RhoE is causally involved in @entity5 formation and progression, little is known about its significance in solid @entity5 , including @entity2 . In the present study, the expression of RhoE was analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot in 30 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Then the correlation of RhoE overexpression with clinical parameters was evaluated. Furthermore, the possible reasons contributing to the RhoE expression were examined by real-time genomic PCR and mutation analysis on DNA sequence and cDNA sequence. Our results revealed that RhoE expression was dramatically @entity2 tissues compared with adjacent nontumoral lung tissues (p <0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a strong cytoplasmic staining in @entity5 cells compared with positive membrane staining in adjacent nontumoral proliferative alveolar epitheliums. Moreover, the overexpression of RhoE was significantly associated with the @entity1 ' smoking history (p <0.05). 72% @entity5 tissues displayed DNA copy number changes based on the DNA levels in the matched adjacent nontumoral lung tissues and this copy number changes correlated significantly with RhoE expression and smoking history (p <0.05). Three polymorphisms were identified but no correlation was found with the clinicopathological features. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that overexpression of RhoE correlated with smoking and DNA copy number changes, suggesting that RhoE may serve as a molecular marker to identify high-risk individuals and assist in the identification of additional pathways of @entity105 .

title: Overexpression of RhoE in XXXX ( @entity1149 ) is associated with smoking and correlates with DNA copy number changes.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Deficits in static postural control related to @entity1295 have been investigated previously, but there is little evidence to link @entity1295 to performance measures of dynamic postural control. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity1295 and gender on performance measures of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). DESIGN: Mixed-model design. SETTING: Research laboratory. @entity1 : 16 healthy young adults. INTERVENTION: Subjects performed the SEBT before and after 4 different fatiguing conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The normalized reach distances and sagittal-plane kinematics of the knee and hip were recorded. RESULTS: Fatigue produced deficits in normalized reach distances and decreased knee flexion in all 3 reaching directions. Overall, @entity1 were able to reach farther than @entity1 while simultaneously demonstrating a greater amount of knee flexion. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences were observed during performance of the SEBT, with @entity1 demonstrating greater reach distances and knee flexion, and @entity1295 amplified these differences.

title: The effects of gender and XXXX on dynamic postural control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the potential benefit of perioperative and short-term postoperative low-level laser (LLL) therapy on objective and subjective @entity12870 after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy surgery. METHODS: Six consecutive @entity1 undergoing bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedures were enrolled in this prospective study. A complete preoperative clinical neurosensory test, consisting of @entity64 directional discrimination, 2-point discrimination, contact detection, pin prick nociception, and thermal discrimination, was performed on each @entity1 ; and a subjective assessment of neurosensory function was made by using a visual analog scale (VAS). The protocol for LLL treatments consisted of real LLL (4 x 6 J per treatment) along the distribution of the @entity129 at 4 sites, for a total of 7 treatments, delivered immediately before surgery; at 6 and 24 hours after surgery; and on postoperative days 2, 3, 4, and 7. The clinical neurosensory test and VAS were completed just before each of the treatment sessions and on days 14 and 28, by one examiner. RESULTS: When the results of the @entity1 treated with LLL were compared with published values for @entity12870 after orthognathic surgery, there was a significant acceleration in the time course, as well as in the magnitude, of @entity1700 . @entity64 directional discrimination approached normal values by 14 days, whereas 2-point discrimination and contact detection showed significant improvement at 14 days and returned to near-normal values by 2 months. The results of thermal discrimination and pin prick nociception revealed few @entity51 ; however, those @entity1 who were affected showed a slower recovery trend and remained @entity942 for up to 2 months. The VAS analysis revealed a rapidly progressive improvement in subjective assessment, showing a 50% deficit at 2 days and only a 15% subjective deficit at 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity12870 after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedures can be significantly improved, both in terms of time course and magnitude of return of function, with the adjunctive use of LLL therapy.

title: Low-level laser effect on XXXX after sagittal ramus osteotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['brush stroke', 'Brush stroke']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory return']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory recovery']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory-deficient']

answer: @entity12870 :: (MESH:D055191,Disease) :: ['neurosensory recovery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity1 with diffuse @entity2702 ( @entity2758 ). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all @entity1 (n = 16) with @entity2702 seen at Yale New Haven Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and St. Michael's Hospital. Up-to-date follow-up information was obtained in all living @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were severely @entity519 . @entity16 ( @entity64 or @entity867 ) had occurred in 70% of @entity1 by the time of diagnosis. During the follow-up period (mean, 6 years), three @entity1 died and two others developed new @entity16 . One of the @entity204 occurred perioperatively during lung transplantation. All @entity1 underwent transcatheter embolotherapy of any large pulmonary @entity2758 . A selected group underwent pulmonary flow redistribution, a novel technique. Oxygenation did not improve significantly with embolotherapy of the larger @entity2758 , but there was a small significant improvement in those @entity1 who underwent pulmonary flow redistribution. The majority (85%) of the living @entity1 are currently working or studying full-time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2702 are at increased risk of @entity16 . Transcatheter embolotherapy does not significantly improve the profound @entity519 , but it may reduce the risk of @entity16 . Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for bacteremic procedures to prevent @entity867 . These @entity1 can live for many years and lead productive lives. We do not recommend lung transplantation because survival with disease is difficult to predict and we have observed a perioperative @entity8 .

title: Diffuse XXXX : characteristics and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['transplant death']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic complications', 'neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous malformations', 'diffuse pulmonary AVMs']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity2702 :: (MESH:C562404,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: A 15-year-old female was diagnosed in 1980 as having @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) due to @entity54 based on Rosenberg and Patterson's criteria for the disease. The @entity1 is the eldest daughter of a family of domestic brewers of soy sauce and bean paste in a small village, an occupation unique to Japan. The brewing process involved the use of @entity12799 as a fermenting agent. The @entity1 had experienced episodic wheezing and pulmonary infiltrates during the same seasons in the previous three years, corresponding to the time of the highest A oryzae spore concentrations in the living area, suggesting high exposure to the @entity12799 spores in the aetiology of her exacerbations. She had a prominent family history of atopy and was demonstrated to be sensitive to a variety of aeroallergens in addition to A fumigatus. She was treated effectively by bronchial toiletting via broncho-fibrescope and theophylline medication until April 1981, when she moved to another city. During her life there, chest X-rays repeatedly showed abnormal shadows, and she was treated with inhalations of @entity2379 and bronchial toiletting several times at a hospital. She returned to her home town after seven years in April 1988 and visited the hospital to check her condition. Although she had been away from heavy exposure to A oryzae spores for seven years, precipitins to the culture medium of A oryzae were demonstrated to be far more prominent than those to A fumigatus antigen. Although her family had been exposed to A oryzae spores continuously, the @entity1 was the only family member with @entity5929 due to A fumigatus and possibly due to A oryzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A case of occupational XXXX unique to Japan.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae', 'Aspergillus']

answer: @entity5929 :: (MESH:D001229,Disease) :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: A persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is potentially lethal, and surgical treatment is often required. CSF leak repair is an infrequently performed procedure, and only limited information is available on the long term success of the surgical techniques that are used. This retrospective chart review includes 95 @entity1 who underwent various types of repair surgery for CSF @entity5254 at the Mayo Clinic. The purpose of this study was to extract factors such as the choice of sealing material, etiology, location of defect(s), surgical approach, and previous procedures, and to analyze their association with the long term success and failure of surgical repair. The mean time interval in this study between unsuccessful surgery and recurrence was 50.8 months, and the mean follow-up 109 months. Among the various approaches, defects repaired endonasally had the lowest recurrence rate. Local nasal mucosa advancement flaps failed more frequently (83.3% failure) than other types of graft material (p = 0.023). These failures took place in a delayed fashion (mean interval until failure: 80 months). @entity2631 (22.2% recurrence rate) and free graft material (15.6% recurrence rate) had the best outcome. The use of fibrin glue to fixate free grafts did not improve the result in this series. Transcranial procedures were associated with a higher complication rate than extracranial procedures (12.9% versus 3.2%). Overall, successful repair was achieved in 91.6% of the @entity1 . We discourage the use of mucosa advancement flaps and advocate free grafts or pedicled osteomucoperiosteal or chondro-mucoperichondrial flaps as sealing material of choice in the majority of cases. The occurrence of delayed failure has to be considered when evaluating reports of CSF @entity5254 after surgical repair.

title: CSF XXXX : 95 consecutive surgical cases with long term follow-up at the Mayo Clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Local osteo-mucoperiosteal or chondro-mucoperichondrial flaps']

answer: @entity5254 :: (MESH:D002559,Disease) :: ['rhinorrhea']


abstract: Isolating carriers of multidrug-resistant (MDR) @entity3064 is the main measure to prevent its spread. Identification of carriers accompanied by contact precautions is essential. We aimed to determine the appropriate surveillance sampling sites and the duration of carriage of MDR A. baumannii. We studied prospectively two groups of @entity1 from whom MDR A. baumannii was previously isolated: (i) those with recent clinical isolation (<or=10 days) and (ii) those with remote clinical isolation (>or=6 months). Screening for carriage was conducted from six sites: nostrils, pharynx, skin, rectum, wounds, and endotracheal aspirates. Strains recovered concurrently from different sites were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Twelve of 22 with recent clinical isolation of MDR A. baumannii had >or=1 positive screening culture, resulting in a sensitivity of 55% when six body sites were sampled. Sensitivities of single sites ranged from 13.5% to 29%. Among 30 @entity1 with remote clinical isolation, screening cultures were positive in 5 (17%), with a mean duration of 17.5 months from the last clinical culture. Remote carriers had positive screening cultures from the skin and pharynx but not from nose, rectum, wounds, or endotracheal aspirates. Eleven strains from five @entity1 were genotyped. In all but one case, isolates from different sites in a given @entity1 were clonal. Current methodology is suboptimal to detect MDR A. baumannii carriage. The sensitivity of surveillance cultures is low, even when six different body sites are sampled. The proportion of individuals with previous MDR A. baumannii isolation who remain carriers for prolonged periods is substantial. These data should be considered when designing measures to limit the spread of MDR A. baumannii.

title: Surveillance cultures and duration of carriage of multidrug-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) is often diagnosed by the @entity272 ( @entity272 ). The latter has several limitations with regard to its sensitivity and specificity. It may be positive in @entity1 with prior bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccination or exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria. False negative @entity272 results frequently occur in @entity1 with @entity73 . Therefore @entity272 results have to be interpreted taking into consideration the pretest risk of @entity281 or reactivation. Recently, interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) were introduced for the diagnosis of @entity9178 . These include the @entity1906 and the QuantiFERON((R))-TB Gold tests.These tests measure interferon gamma released in response to T-cell stimulation by specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. These tests have been shown to be more specific than the @entity272 as they are not affected by BCG vaccination. Their sensitivity was similar to that of the @entity272 and in some studies they correlated better with the degree of exposure. In immune-compromised @entity1 their sensitivity was better than that of the @entity272 . IGRA tests were shown to have better predictive value for the development of @entity66 among individuals with @entity9178 . These tests are expensive. Their most cost-effective utilization is as confirmatory tests in @entity1 with positive @entity272 results, particularly in areas with high rates of BCG vaccination.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX : Can we do better?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'Latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired T-cell function']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['TB infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculin skin test', 'TST']

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['latent tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The possibility of bladder preservation as well as the utility of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive @entity150 are controversial issues. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of neo-adjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy and bladder preservation in @entity1 with locally advanced transitional cell @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive evaluable @entity1 with T2-T4aNxM0 TCC of the bladder were treated with three cycles of neo-adjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy. After three cycles of M-VAC, 42 @entity1 had TURB alone, 13 @entity1 underwent partial cystectomy, and 32 @entity1 were to undergo radical cystectomy. RESULTS: Forty (51%) @entity1 were T0 at the TURB following M-VAC. Thirty (71%) @entity1 who had chemotherapy and TURB alone are alive; at a median follow-up of 54+ months (8(+)-109+). Twenty-four (57%) have maintained an intact bladder. Of 13 responding @entity1 with monofocal lesions who underwent partial cystectomy, 8 @entity1 (62%) are alive with a functioning bladder, at a median follow-up of 80+ months (16-107+ months). At a follow-up of 32 months (7-121+ months), 20 (63%) @entity1 in the radical cystectomy group are alive. In @entity1 who had downstaging to T0 or superficial disease, median follow-up is 55 months (10-121+ months) and five-year survival is 71%. @entity1 who failed to respond (T2 or greater after chemotherapy), at a median follow-up of 24 months (7-103+ months), had five-year survival of only 29%. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder sparing in selected @entity1 on the basis of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is a feasible approach which must be confirmed in prospective randomized trials.

title: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and bladder preservation in locally advanced transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Staging laparotomy and splenectomy were routinely performed in @entity1 with early-stage @entity978 ( @entity978 ) qualifying for radiotherapy alone to determine the exact extent of disease. However, staging laparotomy is associated with a considerable number of side effects, warranting more sophisticated diagnostic procedures and new therapy strategies. We retrospectively analyzed @entity1 undergoing staging laparotomy to identify pretherapy risk factors predicting the probability of @entity1625 and to define high-risk groups that might benefit from staging laparotomy and subsequent stage-adjusted treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between February 1988 and January 1993, 391 @entity1 with CS I-II supradiaphragmatic @entity978 underwent staging laparotomy and splenectomy according to the treatment policy of the German @entity978 Study Group (GHSG) for early stages of @entity978 . Univariate and multivariate analysis of pretherapeutic clinical characteristics were performed in an attempt to predict staging laparotomy results and to identify risk groups. RESULTS: Of the 391 @entity1 , 81 (21%) had @entity66 . Eighteen percent were upstaged to PS III and three percent to PS IV. By a multivariate model the following parameters were independent risk factors for positive surgical staging: left cervical involvement (P < 0.001), mediastinal involvement (P < 0.009), Karnofsky performance status (P < 0.004) and histology (P < 0.04). In our analysis gender (P < 0.08) and ESR (P < 0.06), often described as of high prognostic value, was not significant. The presence of systemic symptoms, number of involved areas and clinical stage were not associated with @entity1625 , as described in several former publications. To define high-risk groups, which comprise at least 15% of @entity1 of the cohort and have a risk of subdiaphragmatic involvement of > 35%, combinations of only two or three of the predictive factors were analyzed. With respect to these criteria the following subgroups of @entity1 were identified as having a high risk for @entity66 (> 35%): a) left cervical lymph node involvement and no mediastinal involvement (n = 98, observed risk 36%); b) no mediastinal involvement and MC/LD histology (n = 113, observed risk 40%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that initial clinical characteristics are predictive for occult abdominal involvement in early clinical stages of @entity978 . The impact of these risk factors on future therapeutical strategies have to be evaluated.

title: Prognostic factors for subdiaphragmatic involvement in clinical stage I-II supradiaphragmatic XXXX : a retrospective analysis of the GHSG.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's Lymphoma", 'HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['subdiaphragmatic disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features and complications of @entity6 , @entity227 , and number of repeat treatments after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative @entity6 in a tertiary care center. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted with data collection from medical records of @entity1 undergoing panretinal photocoagulation between 1985 and 1995 at the Scheie Eye Institute; 297 eyes of 186 @entity1 were eligible for study. RESULTS: The presence of neovascularization of the disk at baseline, an earlier onset of @entity6 , and a shorter duration of disease before panretinal photocoagulation were the strongest risk factors for needing an additional panretinal photocoagulation treatment. Sixty-two percent of eyes with poor @entity227 (< or =20/200) at baseline still had poor @entity227 at 1 year, and 76% with good @entity227 (> or =20/40) at baseline maintained good @entity227 at 1 year. Poor vision at baseline was the only risk factor for having poor vision at 1 year. @entity548 was present in 44% of eyes at baseline. New @entity548 developed in 37% of eyes during the first year after panretinal photocoagulation. A traction @entity1713 was present in 4% of eyes at baseline and newly developed in 6% of eyes during follow-up. A repeat panretinal photocoagulation treatment was performed in 39% of eyes after initial treatment. A vitrectomy was performed in 10% of eyes from baseline through the 1-year follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study are useful for counseling @entity1 with respect to likely visual outcome, possibility of major complications from proliferative @entity6 , and the chance of undergoing additional laser treatment after panretinal photocoagulation.

title: One-year outcomes of panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage', 'Vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: @entity4724 is an unusual @entity5 . It is predominantly found in Caucasians and is rare in non-Caucasians. The chief affected area of the @entity5 is the parotid gland. Of all @entity14253 , @entity4724 is the only lesion which is truly multicentric so it may have a second @entity75 , not a recurrence. The peak incidence is in the sixth decade of life. In sexual distribution, there is a male predominance but the incidence of female is progressively increasing. According to Lemelas's study, the increase in female incidence may relate to the increasing population of cigarette smoking of @entity1 . Bilateral parotid gland involvement is uncommon. The chief treatment of the @entity5 is surgical excision. The surgical methods include enucleation, superficial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy. It is very important to protect the facial nerves from injury during surgery. In this paper, we report a case of bilateral metachronous @entity4724 with @entity528 in a Chinese. Other than literature review and case report, four different methods to protect facial nerves from injury were briefly described.

title: XXXX in a Chinese--literature review and case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign salivary gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity14253 :: ('MESH:D012468', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration of parotid glands']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ["Warthin's tumors", "Warthin's tumor"]

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['Bilateral Warthin's tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstetric @entity5300 is rare, but the @entity73 are manifold and often long-lasting. Physiotherapy, microsurgical nerve reconstruction, secondary joint corrections, and muscle transpositions are employed with success. The role of conservative and operative treatment options should be regularly reviewed. METHODS: Selective literature review (evidence levels 3 and 4) and analysis of personal clinical operative and scientific experience over the past 15 years. RESULTS: @entity1 with upper and total plexus palsy displaying @entity614 and/or - @entity397 are treated today by early primary nerve reconstruction in the first few months of life followed by secondary corrections, with good functional results. The late complications, with @entity425 , @entity73 , and joint @entity1141 , are often underrated. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for scientific analysis is limited, due to the rarity and interindividual variability of the lesions and the varying effects on function and growth. Expectations and compliance are different in every @entity1 . Surgical techniques are not yet standardized. Knowledge of the consequences for joint growth and congruence is inadequate. Today, functional improvement can be achieved by surgery in most clinical manifestations of obstetric @entity5300 , within the framework of an interdisciplinary treatment concept.

title: Obstetric XXXX : treatment strategy, long-term results, and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired motion patterns', 'limb impairments']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['nerve root avulsions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: De-novo @entity943 are potentially life-threatening complications after beating-heart revascularization (off-pump CABG). Whether @entity120 can influence initiation of @entity943 through increased sympathetic activity is controversial. In order to determine the influence of @entity120 on its relative contribution to @entity943 , we first had to define the role of cardiac autonomic modulation in @entity1 with @entity358 . We aimed to observe how parameters of linear and nonlinear heart rate variability are changed pre- and postoperatively in @entity1 with @entity358 undergoing off-pump CABG. METHODS: Fifteen-minute ECG recordings were collected before and after off-pump CABG in 54 @entity1 with multivessel @entity453 and @entity358 to determine linear (TP, HF, LF, LF:HF ratio) and nonlinear detrended fluctuation analysis ( @entity6927 , alpha2) and fractal dimension (average, high and low) parameters of heart rate variability. @entity943 was monitored preoperatively in 24-hour Holter recordings and postoperatively by continuous monitoring and clinical assessment. RESULTS: Deterioration from simple (Lown I-II) to complex (Lown III-V) @entity943 was observed in 19 @entity1 , and improvement from complex to simple @entity943 in five @entity1 (P = 0.022). @entity1 with @entity86 of @entity943 had preoperatively significantly lower values of TP, HF and LF (P = 0.024-0.043) and postoperatively significantly higher values on the low fractal dimension index (P = 0.031) than @entity1 with postoperative improvement of @entity943 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing @entity86 of @entity943 already have impaired autonomic regulation before surgery. Higher postoperative values on the low fractal dimension index indicate that sympathetic predominance with or without concomitant vagal withdrawal is the underlying neurogenic mechanism contributing to @entity943 .

title: Ventricular arrhythmic disturbances and autonomic modulation after beating-heart revascularization in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary normotension']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deterioration']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary normotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: De-novo @entity943 are potentially life-threatening complications after beating-heart revascularization (off-pump CABG). Whether @entity120 can influence initiation of @entity943 through increased sympathetic activity is controversial. In order to determine the influence of @entity120 on its relative contribution to @entity943 , we first had to define the role of cardiac autonomic modulation in @entity1 with @entity358 . We aimed to observe how parameters of linear and nonlinear heart rate variability are changed pre- and postoperatively in @entity1 with @entity358 undergoing off-pump CABG. METHODS: Fifteen-minute ECG recordings were collected before and after off-pump CABG in 54 @entity1 with multivessel @entity453 and @entity358 to determine linear (TP, HF, LF, LF:HF ratio) and nonlinear detrended fluctuation analysis ( @entity6927 , alpha2) and fractal dimension (average, high and low) parameters of heart rate variability. @entity943 was monitored preoperatively in 24-hour Holter recordings and postoperatively by continuous monitoring and clinical assessment. RESULTS: Deterioration from simple (Lown I-II) to complex (Lown III-V) @entity943 was observed in 19 @entity1 , and improvement from complex to simple @entity943 in five @entity1 (P = 0.022). @entity1 with @entity86 of @entity943 had preoperatively significantly lower values of TP, HF and LF (P = 0.024-0.043) and postoperatively significantly higher values on the low fractal dimension index (P = 0.031) than @entity1 with postoperative improvement of @entity943 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing @entity86 of @entity943 already have impaired autonomic regulation before surgery. Higher postoperative values on the low fractal dimension index indicate that sympathetic predominance with or without concomitant vagal withdrawal is the underlying neurogenic mechanism contributing to @entity943 .

title: Ventricular arrhythmic disturbances and autonomic modulation after beating-heart revascularization in XXXX with @entity358 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) elicits activation sufficient for full development and originates from sperm head submembrane matrices. @entity3457 comprises discrete, @entity2483 (referred to here respectively as @entity3457 -I and -II) which are each necessary but not sufficient to activate oocytes. The @entity1605 , @entity3457 -I(m), becomes solubilized from the perinuclear matrix under reducing conditions (the @entity3457 transition) to generate @entity3457 -I(s). Although @entity460 transients likely play an important role in oocyte activation at fertilization, the question is open as to whether demembranated heads or @entity3457 -I(s) and/or @entity3457 -II can induce @entity460 transients. We now report that injection of demembranated sperm heads into @entity19 oocytes efficiently induced @entity141 oscillations. When injected independently, @entity3457 -I(s) and demembranated heads heated to 48 degrees C failed to generate @entity141 oscillations. However, co-injection of @entity3457 -I(s) and 48 degrees C-heated heads induced oscillations, mirroring their synergistic ability to activate oocytes. This suggests that @entity3457 -mediated activation proceeds via pathways resembling those at fertilization and provides the first direct evidence that multiple sperm components are required to induce @entity141 oscillations. We probed the @entity3457 -I(s) liberation at the center of this activation and show that in vitro it was sensitive to a profile of @entity563 protease inhibitors. These findings support a model in which @entity1 oocyte activation, including the induction of @entity460 transients, involves proteolytic processing of @entity3457 from sperm head submembrane compartments.

title: @entity1 oocyte activation by the synergistic action of discrete sperm head components: induction of XXXX transients and involvement of proteolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['heat-sensitive SOAF component']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['heat-sensitive and -stable components']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor', 'SOAF']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) elicits activation sufficient for full development and originates from sperm head submembrane matrices. @entity3457 comprises discrete, @entity2483 (referred to here respectively as @entity3457 -I and -II) which are each necessary but not sufficient to activate oocytes. The @entity1605 , @entity3457 -I(m), becomes solubilized from the perinuclear matrix under reducing conditions (the @entity3457 transition) to generate @entity3457 -I(s). Although @entity460 transients likely play an important role in oocyte activation at fertilization, the question is open as to whether demembranated heads or @entity3457 -I(s) and/or @entity3457 -II can induce @entity460 transients. We now report that injection of demembranated sperm heads into @entity19 oocytes efficiently induced @entity141 oscillations. When injected independently, @entity3457 -I(s) and demembranated heads heated to 48 degrees C failed to generate @entity141 oscillations. However, co-injection of @entity3457 -I(s) and 48 degrees C-heated heads induced oscillations, mirroring their synergistic ability to activate oocytes. This suggests that @entity3457 -mediated activation proceeds via pathways resembling those at fertilization and provides the first direct evidence that multiple sperm components are required to induce @entity141 oscillations. We probed the @entity3457 -I(s) liberation at the center of this activation and show that in vitro it was sensitive to a profile of @entity563 protease inhibitors. These findings support a model in which @entity1 oocyte activation, including the induction of @entity460 transients, involves proteolytic processing of @entity3457 from sperm head submembrane compartments.

title: XXXX oocyte activation by the synergistic action of discrete sperm head components: induction of @entity460 transients and involvement of proteolysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: Stem cells uniquely self-renew and maintain tissue homoeostasis by differentiating into different cell types to replace aged or damaged cells [1]. During oogenesis of @entity238 , self-renewal of germline stem cells (GSCs) requires both intrinsic signaling mechanisms and extrinsic signals from neighboring niche cells [2]. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational regulation may also control @entity238 GSC self-renewal [3, 4]. It is unclear, however, whether the miRNA pathway functions within stem cells or niche cells to maintain GSCs. In @entity238 , @entity33321 (Dcr-1) and the double-stranded RNA binding protein @entity46050 ( @entity46050 ) catalyze miRNA biogenesis [3-5]. Here, we generate @entity46050 knockout ( @entity46050 (KO)) flies by ends-out homologous recombination and show that @entity46050 is essential for embryonic viability and ovarian GSC maintenance. Both developmental and miRNA processing defects are rescued by transgenic expression of @entity46050 , but not @entity46050 . Furthermore, mosaic germline analysis indicates that @entity46050 is required intrinsically for GSC maintenance. Consistently, GSCs are restored in @entity46050 mutant ovaries by germline expression, but not somatic expression, of @entity46050 . Together, these results demonstrate that @entity46050 , but not @entity46050 , is necessary and sufficient for @entity238 development and the miRNA pathway. Our study strongly suggests that miRNAs play an intrinsic, but not extrinsic, role in @entity238 female GSC self-renewal.

title: The miRNA pathway intrinsically controls self-renewal of XXXX germline stem cells.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity1555 and @entity1555 are now understood at the genetic, biochemical, and molecular levels. At the genetic level, both disorders result from mutations of the X-linked gene encoding @entity4714 . At the biochemical level, @entity1555 results from the deficiency of a large protein called @entity4714 , whereas @entity1555 results when @entity4714 is present, though abnormal in either amount or molecular structure. To date, thousands of @entity1 have been analyzed for mutations of the @entity4714 gene in peripheral blood DNA or alterations of the @entity4714 protein in muscle tissue. The severity of the clinical phenotype of these @entity1 has been compared with their @entity4714 gene mutations and corresponding @entity4714 protein alterations, revealing an unexpectedly high degree of correlation. Thus, information derived from the molecular analysis (DNA or protein) of a particular @entity1 provides a "molecular diagnosis," which is highly predictive of the clinical course that @entity1 can be expected to follow. Because molecular diagnoses are independent of the @entity1 's age, they provide a prognosis for the large majority of @entity3986 @entity1 even before clinical symptoms of their disease become apparent. Such prognostic molecular diagnoses have proven particularly valuable when the @entity1 is an isolated case, with no family history for the disorder. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of @entity1555 or @entity1555 may involve use of Southern blot or PCR techniques to search for a deletion in the DNA of at-risk fetuses or more complicated family linkage studies using intragenic and flanking RFLPs. More recently, assay of @entity4714 content in fetal skeletal or cardiac muscle from at-risk abortuses has been accomplished, allowing definitive discrimination of affected and normal fetuses in cases in which deletion analyses and family DNA studies were equivocal. In utero fetal skeletal muscle biopsy for @entity4714 protein assay has actually been accomplished in at least one at-risk pregnancy in which family DNA studies were uninformative. @entity4714 was present in skeletal muscle from this 20-week-old male fetus, and the pregnancy continued, resulting in the term birth of a healthy male @entity1 . The future holds exciting opportunities for neonatal screening and treatment of these devastating @entity4094 .

title: XXXX : genetics, prenatal diagnosis, and future prospects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity4714 :: ('1756', 'Gene') :: ['Dystrophin', 'dystrophin']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies']


abstract: In a study of the efficacy of two different treatment schedules for perennial immunotherapy, 47 adult @entity1 with spring-time hay @entity221 due to @entity566 against birch and other deciduous trees were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: one group received birch, alder and hazel allergen in Allpyral, another group received the same Allpyral mixture and in addition all relevant tree pollens in aqueous extract and a control group received no injections. For determination of antibody titres the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the @entity4859 precipitation (ASP) technique were used. Cellular responsiveness was studied by measuring birch pollen (BP) induced leucocyte @entity112 release in peripheral blood. The clinical and immunological response was similar in the two treated groups. Treated @entity1 had less symptoms and a lower consumption of @entity16206 tablets during the pollen season than the control group. Non-IgE BP antibodies and IgE antibodies recorded with the ASP technique increased after immunotherapy while RAST values did not change significantly. A decrease of RAST values from postseasonal values during the first year to preseasonal values in the following year was seen in all @entity1 groups but was less pronounced in treated than in untreated @entity1 . The decrease was more pronounced in @entity1 with high RAST values of postseasonal sera than in @entity1 with low RAST values. Cellular reactivity increased slightly during the first phase of therapy but returned to the pre-treatment level later. Clinical improvement was positively correlated to the percentage increase of non-IgE antibody titre and to the pre-treatment non-IgE/IgE antibody ratio. @entity1 with high preseasonal RAST titres or high cellular sensitivity tended to have more severe symptoms during the pollen season. It is concluded that a mixture of birch, alder and hazel is sufficient for immunotherapy in spring-term hay @entity221 . It is obvious that changes of a single immunological variable do not account for the therapeutic results in immunotherapy.

title: Immunotherapy in spring-time hay XXXX . A clinical and immunological study comparing two different treatment extract compositions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a widely used treatment option for @entity5513 , 3 cm in diameter or less. Between May 1990 and February 1998, 102 @entity5 in 101 @entity1 were treated with GKRS. There are 77 @entity1 with a follow-up period of more than six months (mean 55, range 7 to 90 months). Seventy (91%) of these @entity5 have remained unchanged or reduced in volume. After GKRS there was an increase in volume in seven cases. In four the volume increase affected solid @entity5 . Among these, three @entity1 were in stable condition and are being observed. One of these @entity1 developed brain stem compression symptoms and was operated. In another three cases, @entity45 with multiple septa developed medial to the @entity5 and compressed the brain stem and fourth ventricle, thus necessitating post-GKRS surgery. In these three @entity1 , MRI had shown loss of central contrast enhancement followed by its return. Histological findings at surgery before and after GKRS were compared for these four @entity5 . In spite of the MRI changes, there were no definite histological findings after GKRS which could be attributed to radiation induced changes. The development of @entity45 occurred after the treatment of larger @entity5 .

title: Radiologic and histopathologic changes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'acoustic tumors', 'tumours', 'tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic schwannomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic schwannoma']


abstract: Cranial irradiation may lead to accelerated atherosclerotic changes to small or medium sized arteries, but @entity64 associated with pituitary irradiation is not frequent. A @entity1 treated with Gamma Knife radio-surgery (GKRS) for a @entity977 suffered a @entity385 with internal carotid artery occlusion 4 years after radiosurgery. The @entity1 was a 35-year-old male presenting with a visual disturbance. Endocrinological tests were normal. MRI revealed a 4.3 by 4.3 cm diameter invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary, projecting toward the suprasellar region and with cavernous sinus involvement with encasement of both internal carotid arteries (ICAs). GKRS was performed for @entity41 after a transcranial resection. The maximum dose was 40 Gy and the dose to the right carotid artery was below 20 Gy. The delayed @entity1269 was accompanied by a right capsular @entity1188 shown on MRI. The images also showed a marked reduction in @entity5 size. Total, @entity432 was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The @entity1 had no history or signs of @entity299 or @entity209 which could predispose to cerebrovascular

title: @entity385 with @entity432 after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarct']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['right ICA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: Cranial irradiation may lead to accelerated atherosclerotic changes to small or medium sized arteries, but @entity64 associated with pituitary irradiation is not frequent. A @entity1 treated with Gamma Knife radio-surgery (GKRS) for a @entity977 suffered a @entity385 with internal carotid artery occlusion 4 years after radiosurgery. The @entity1 was a 35-year-old male presenting with a visual disturbance. Endocrinological tests were normal. MRI revealed a 4.3 by 4.3 cm diameter invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary, projecting toward the suprasellar region and with cavernous sinus involvement with encasement of both internal carotid arteries (ICAs). GKRS was performed for @entity41 after a transcranial resection. The maximum dose was 40 Gy and the dose to the right carotid artery was below 20 Gy. The delayed @entity1269 was accompanied by a right capsular @entity1188 shown on MRI. The images also showed a marked reduction in @entity5 size. Total, @entity432 was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The @entity1 had no history or signs of @entity299 or @entity209 which could predispose to cerebrovascular

title: XXXX with @entity432 after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for @entity977 : A case report.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Cerebral infarction']


abstract: Cranial irradiation may lead to accelerated atherosclerotic changes to small or medium sized arteries, but @entity64 associated with pituitary irradiation is not frequent. A @entity1 treated with Gamma Knife radio-surgery (GKRS) for a @entity977 suffered a @entity385 with internal carotid artery occlusion 4 years after radiosurgery. The @entity1 was a 35-year-old male presenting with a visual disturbance. Endocrinological tests were normal. MRI revealed a 4.3 by 4.3 cm diameter invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary, projecting toward the suprasellar region and with cavernous sinus involvement with encasement of both internal carotid arteries (ICAs). GKRS was performed for @entity41 after a transcranial resection. The maximum dose was 40 Gy and the dose to the right carotid artery was below 20 Gy. The delayed @entity1269 was accompanied by a right capsular @entity1188 shown on MRI. The images also showed a marked reduction in @entity5 size. Total, @entity432 was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The @entity1 had no history or signs of @entity299 or @entity209 which could predispose to cerebrovascular

title: @entity385 with XXXX after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for @entity977 : A case report.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['ICA occlusion']


abstract: The focused radiation produced by radiosurgery offers the theoretical advantage of a reduced radiation dose to surrounding structures during the treatment of @entity976 when compared with fractionated radiotherapy. A retrospective analysis of 23 @entity1 treated since 1992 was undertaken. Intracystic @entity1732 treatment in 10 @entity1 with @entity5 proved to be effective in preparing the @entity5 for radiosurgery. The mean prescription dose in this series was 10.8    8.7 Gy delivered to a mean prescription 47% isodose. There was a @entity41 in 74%. In this series, initial @entity5 volume and target volume were significant prognostic factors. @entity5 and targets were more likely to shrink. Five @entity1 with large multicystic residual or recurrent @entity5 after multiple surgical attempts showed further progression. The maximum radiation dose, prescription dose and choice of prescription isodose were not significant prognostic factors within this series. Radiosurgery resulted in no mortality and no significant morbidity could be attributed to it. Clinically, the best results with radiosurgery were obtained with @entity5 amenable to stereotactic drainage and intracystic @entity1732 treatment.

title: XXXX : A six year experience with Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction of the residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Smaller tumors', 'monocystic tumors', 'cystic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['residual craniopharyngiomas']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['Craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: From 1976 to 1995, 23 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 , were treated at our department for @entity44 ( @entity44 ). Their records were analyzed retrospectively, considering age at operation, histopathology, recurrences, and long-term evolution. One died on the 1st day of life following @entity5 rupture with @entity548 without surgical intervention. All others were operated upon at a mean age of 4.2 days for those 19 (= 82%) who were diagnosed in the neonatal period and whose histology proved benign. In the remaining 3 @entity1 , in whom @entity5 manifestation did not occur before 11 months, 13 months, and 10 years of age, respectively, histopathologic evaluation revealed 2 @entity189 and 1 yolk-sac @entity5 , and all 3 recurred. Overall, 5 @entity1 died, the 1 mentioned above, 1 due to @entity3313 after laparotomy, and 1 from multiple associated @entity600 . Two deaths were related to @entity5 , whereby only 1 was a malignant @entity44 diagnosed at the original operation. Eight @entity1 had recurrences, 2 were benign and 6 malignant, with 3 of the latter having been graded benign on histology of the @entity5 . Of the 18 surviving @entity1 , 17 (93.5%) returned for clinical review following a standardized protocol. The average interval from the primary surgery was 12.3 years (range 3.5-22 years). Four had @entity5 with a recurrence-free period of from 9 to 14 years; 5 (29.4%) had @entity73 . One @entity1 with a patulous anus presented with fecal soiling. Two reported nocturnal enuresis, 1 associated with perineal anesthesia. One had a @entity1494 with overflow voiding and bilateral third-degree vesicoureteral reflux. Second-degree reflux was found in the last @entity1 . We conclude that follow-up after surgery for @entity44 should not only search for @entity5 recurrence but include the diagnosis and treatment of possible secondary urinary and/or fecal @entity322 .

title: XXXX : clinical course and prognosis with a special view to long-term functional results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['urinary or anorectal functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['sacrococcygeal teratomas', 'teratoma', 'SCT']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['Sacrococcygeal teratoma']


abstract: Conditions typical of many low-status jobs are known to induce elevated stress. In keeping with this, blue-collar workers show elevated psychophysiological stress levels both during and after work compared with workers in more stimulating and flexible jobs. Health-related behaviors, such as cigarette smoking and @entity734 , that are known to contribute to the social gradient in health, can be seen as ways of coping with a stressful work situation in order to get short-term relief. Negative emotional states associated with low-status jobs, combined with a lack of economic resources, are also likely to reduce the individual's motivation to seek proper medical treatment and, thus, increase the risk that transient symptoms develop into @entity102 . With regard to @entity85 , it is well documented that physically monotonous or repetitive work is associated with an increase in neck, shoulder, and @entity1643 problems. However, recent studies also report an association between psychosocial factors and @entity925 syndromes. Possible mechanisms explaining these findings involve the assumption that @entity1642 may induce sustained activation of small, low-threshold motor units that may lead to degenerative processes, damage, and @entity158 . Analysis of short periods of very low muscular electrical activity (EMG gaps) shows that female workers with a high frequency of EMG gaps seem to have less risk of developing @entity925 problems than do workers with fewer gaps. Stress induced by psychosocial conditions at work, which is usually more lasting than that resulting from physical demands, may prevent the individual from shutting off their physiological activation and reduces the time for rest and recovery. In the modern work environment, with strong emphasis on a high work pace, competitiveness, and efficiency, it is possible that lack of relaxation is an even more important health problem than is the absolute level of contraction or the frequency of muscular activation.

title: Stress responses in low-status jobs and their relationship to health risks: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain', 'myalgia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to define the incidence of @entity955 after video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy and determine whether video-assisted thoracic surgery reduces @entity955 rate compared with thoracotomy. METHODS: With the use of a single-institution database of @entity1 who underwent lobectomy for clinical stage I @entity1149 , 389 @entity1 were identified who were in sinus rhythm preoperatively and received no prophylactic antiarrhythmics. @entity1 undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery were age and gender matched with those undergoing thoracotomy. RESULTS: After matching, 122 @entity1 undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery and 122 @entity1 undergoing thoracotomy were eligible for analysis. @entity1 undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery had a higher preoperative diffusion capacity (92% +/- 28% vs 80% +/- 18% predicted, P = .001) and a lower rate of induction chemotherapy (5/122, 4% vs 11/122, 11%, P = .05) than @entity1 undergoing thoracotomy. @entity955 occurred in 12% of @entity1 (15/122) undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery and 16% of @entity1 (20/122) undergoing thoracotomy (P = .36). Overall, complications were lower in the video-assisted thoracic surgery group (17.2% vs 27.9%, P = .046). @entity1 with @entity955 were older in both video-assisted thoracic surgery (73 +/- 7 years vs 66 +/- 9 years, P = .002) and thoracotomy groups (72 +/- 7 years vs 66 +/- 10 years, P = .005). Length of stay for @entity1 with @entity955 was greater in both video-assisted thoracic surgery (6.0 +/- 1.5 days vs 4.7 +/- 2.5 days, P = .01) and thoracotomy groups (9.2 +/- 4.3 days vs 6.8 +/- 3.6 days, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of surgical approach, @entity955 after lobectomy occurred with equal frequency. This supports the theory that autonomic denervation and stress-mediated neurohumoral mechanisms are responsible for the pathogenesis of postoperative @entity955 . Prophylaxis regimens against @entity955 should be the same for either operative approach.

title: Video-assisted thoracic surgery does not reduce the incidence of postoperative XXXX after pulmonary lobectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Although @entity3147 is frequently encountered in @entity22 ( @entity22 ) @entity1 , a clear method of treating this complication is still lacking. Failure of nutritional support regimens may be due to inadequate support of dietary needs. Therefore, a high vs. standard or low protein/energy dietary regimen was studied in malnourished @entity22 @entity1 . A total of 18 malnourished @entity22 @entity1 selected according to subjective global assessment (SGA)-scores and biochemical indicators of @entity3147 (serum albumin <40 g/l, @entity165 <200 mg/dl, prealbumin <30 mg/dl; two out of three) were assigned to three treatment groups: (A: 45 kcal/kg/d and 1.5 g protein/kg/d; B: 35 kcal/kg/d and 1.2 g protein/kg/d; C: spontaneous intake supplemented with 10% of mean protein and energy intake). A and B received food supplements at appropriate dosing to reach the targeted nutritional intake. During 3-month follow-up nutrient intake was assessed by repeated 4-day dietary diaries. Compliance and tolerance was good in each group. Weight gain (1.2+/-0.4 kg) was observed in group A, but not in B and C. Serum albumin levels increased by 1.0+/-0.5 g/l in group A, but not in B and C. Prealbumin and @entity165 levels were unaffected. Weight change correlated with mean dietary energy intake, but not with mean dietary protein intake. We conclude that prescription of 45 kcal/kg/d and 1.5 g protein/kg/d may be necessary to achieve @entity1017 and improvement of nutritional indices in malnourished @entity22 pts. Oral food supplements can be used safely and effectively to increase nutrient intake to high levels in these @entity1 .

title: High protein/energy vs. standard protein/energy nutritional regimen in the treatment of malnourished hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['maintenance hemodialysis', 'MHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Low protein diets have been used for a long time in the conservative management of @entity177 as they have a beneficial effect in preventing the appearance of symptoms. However, with the exception of the beneficial effect on @entity2265 of the very low protein diets supplemented with ketoacids, they have no proven effects on the other aspects of the @entity1381 . Moreover, the weight of the evidence suggests that the effect of these diets on preservation of GFR, if any, in @entity1 with nondiabetic @entity8 is small and of little clinical relevance. There is very little evidence in the literature of its role in @entity1 with @entity6 . The nutritional safety of these diets is still suspect. @entity1 with @entity177 have low energy intakes, which is further reduced when these diets are prescribed. Metabolic studies predict that these @entity1 would be in negative @entity1568 balance and in fact, even nutritionally sound, nondiabetic @entity1 enrolled in the Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study developed subclinical signs of @entity3147 . It is possible that the nutritional decline may have been more pronounced on longer duration of follow-up. Finally, these diets are difficult to follow, leading to issues of compliance and exert a great toll on the time of the dietitians. Hence, we conclude that low protein diets are not necessary in @entity177 .

title: Low protein diets are not needed in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic syndrome']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prospective follow-up data after nonoperative treatment for @entity174 of the proximal humerus are scarce. We studied functional outcomes and rates of complication and failure after conservative management of these common injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 aged older than 18 years presenting to the emergency department of a large district hospital with an isolated, closed proximal @entity174 considered suitable for functional treatment by the surgeon on charge were enrolled in a prospective, externally monitored observational study. Surgeons were free to reduce the @entity174 and to prescribe any type of sling or brace. Active follow-up after 12 weeks, 6, and 12 months included plain radiographs, Constant score, and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. RESULTS: We enrolled 160 @entity1 (118 @entity1 ; mean age, 63.3 +/- 14.8 years), and 124 completed 1-year follow-up. There were 85, 71, and 4 AO 11 A, B, and C @entity174 , and 75 one-part, 60 two-part, 23 three-part, and 2 four-part and head-splitting @entity174 . After 1 year, the mean difference in Constant scores between the injured and contralateral shoulder was 8.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.0-10.4). The mean difference in 1-year DASH scores to baseline assessment was 10.2 points (95% CI 7.3-13.1 points). The risk of delayed and nonunion was 7.0% (95% CI, 3.6%-12.3%). Four @entity1 subsequently underwent surgical fixation, and 5 had arthroscopic subacromial decompression. CONCLUSION: This study may provide reference values for future investigations and stresses ceiling effects that will make it difficult to demonstrate a significant advantage of surgical over nonoperative treatment in @entity1 with @entity6342 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4; Prospective case series without a control group.

title: Functional outcomes after nonoperative management of XXXX of the proximal humerus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'humeral fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Metabolic changes in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 are an important aspect concerning long-term outcome. Liver plays the main role in regulating metabolism. The effects of @entity298 fluids (PDF) on liver cell function are scarcely investigated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PDF, different in some components, on liver cell metabolism in vitro. Metabolic activity (MTT), cell integrity (LDH release), proliferation ( @entity1603 incorporation) and synthesis of albumin and @entity69 are measured by incubating HepG2 cells for 3 h and 24 h with six different PDFs: (a) @entity880 -buffered, pH5.5: PDF I (1.5% gluc.); PDF II (4.5% gluc. ); (b) @entity3157 -buffered, pH7.4: PDF III (1.5% gluc.), PDF IV (4. 5% gluc.); (c) @entity535 -based solutions, pH 7.4: PDF V (low AA level) and PDF VI (high AA level). Metabolic activity of @entity3157 -treated cells is greatly enhanced in comparison to @entity880 -buffered PDFs. These findings are confirmed by proliferation data. Synthesis of albumin and @entity69 is significantly enhanced by @entity535 -based solutions. Our data demonstrate, that @entity880 -buffered PDF impair liver cells much stronger than @entity3157 -buffered PDF. pH is the parameter which contributes to @entity137 and impaired metabolism to a major extent. In contrast to @entity413 -containing solutions, @entity535 -based PDF stimulate protein synthesis in liver cells.

title: Liver cell reactive components in XXXX fluids.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Balloon enteroscopy is an emerging technique to allow access to the small intestine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. To date, there have been few published data documenting the safety and efficacy of balloon enteroscopy in small @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in a 37-month-old toddler with occult @entity548 . DESIGN: A single case report. SETTING: A free-standing, academic @entity1 's hospital in Denver, Colorado. @entity1 : The @entity1 was a 37-month-old, 13.5-kg toddler with persistent heme-positive stools, severe @entity417 , and @entity4988 . Previous workup was significant for @entity32 in the antrum and a video capsule study showing @entity75 in the small bowel. INTERVENTION: An antegrade SBE was performed with the @entity1 under general endotracheal anesthesia, with biopsy specimens obtained from identified lesions in the jejunum and ileum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Complications and successful treatment of symptoms were the primary endpoints. RESULTS: The procedure was performed successfully in 85 minutes, passing an estimated 200 cm beyond the pylorus, without complications. Identification of the lesions as consistent with @entity1712 led to successful treatment with an elimination diet and corticosteroids. LIMITATIONS: The primary limitation of this study is that it is a single case report. Therefore, it is difficult to make a generalized statement regarding the safety and efficacy of balloon enteroscopy in toddlers of this size. CONCLUSIONS: Antegrade SBE can be a well-tolerated and effective procedure to evaluate occult @entity548 in @entity1 as young as 3 years of age. Further study is needed to better establish safety parameters for balloon enteroscopy in small pediatric @entity1 .

title: First successful antegrade single-balloon enteroscopy in a 3-year-old with occult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['microcytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous lesions']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['GI bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: "Mental defeat" has been found to be an important psychologic reaction to painful @entity130 . @entity1118 @entity1 also report mental defeat in relation to their experience of @entity158 episodes. A measure of mental defeat was devised and evaluated in terms of (1) psychometric properties and (2) specificity of scores in relation to disabling @entity1118 . METHODS: A total of 304 @entity1 completed the Pain Self Perception Scale, a questionnaire designed to measure mental defeat as a reaction to @entity158 . @entity1 also completed the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. @entity1118 @entity1 from a tertiary hospital clinic (n=94) were compared with @entity1 experiencing acute @entity158 (n=38), @entity158 -free controls (n=79), community volunteers suffering from @entity1118 (n=32) or acute @entity158 (n=30), and @entity1 diagnosed with @entity148 (n=31). Test-retest reliability was assessed in subsamples of @entity1118 @entity1 and community volunteers. RESULTS: The mental defeat measure was both internally consistent and reliable. @entity1118 @entity1 showed elevated levels of mental defeat relative to all other groups, including @entity1 with @entity1118 of the same intensity of @entity158 who were not seeking treatment. @entity158 may be linked to disability and the seeking of specialist treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Research on mental defeat may allow the development of new treatment strategies for @entity1118 and a better understanding of the link between @entity1118 , @entity308 , and @entity1005 .

title: Mental defeat in XXXX : initial exploration of the concept.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Pain-specific mental defeat']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain syndromes', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The "flutter isthmus," the part of the lower right atrium between the eustachian valve and the tricuspid annulus inferior to the coronary sinus os, is considered the crucial zone for conduction delay necessary for the genesis of @entity956 . However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the "flutter isthmus" in 50 hearts obtained at autopsy from @entity1 without @entity4710 . The muscular trabecular arrangement was dissected carefully by peeling off the endocardium. Documentation of the trabecular arrangement focused, in particular, on the question of whether there was a uniform pattern of well-aligned muscle trabeculae or a nonuniform architecture. It appeared that a nonuniform trabecular pattern prevailed (37/50 [74%]). In these hearts, the muscular arrangement showed abundant @entity7298 and interlacing trabeculae, particularly in the zone immediately inferior to the coronary sinus os. Connections also occurred along the inferior rim of the os. CONCLUSION: The normal anatomy of the lower right atrium favors nonuniform muscular trabeculation, with interlacing bundles and a multitude of @entity7298 . The potential for conduction delay is present in the vast majority of normal hearts. This raises the question as to what has changed in the hearts of @entity1 with @entity956 such that the potential for conduction delay and reentry has become effective.

title: Right XXXX isthmus revisited: normal anatomy favors nonuniform anisotropic conduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['cross-overs']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several recent studies demonstrate that upper extremities kinematics analysis is in increasing use to assist clinical practice. We describe an upper limb kinematics analysis protocol that was first applied to a group of healthy @entity1 (to obtain normative data), and subsequently, to a @entity1 presenting with @entity5300 ( @entity5300 ) before and after surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protocol is based on two very simple tasks. Reflective markers are placed on the studied segments, and optoelectronic cameras three-dimensionally record the position of the markers during the course of movement. The data, collected by a Vicon system (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK), are analyzed by a dedicated software; this software provides coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) for the comparison of different kinematics curves and motion amplitudes. A CMC above 0.95 was considered to be excellent, between 0.85 and 0.95 was good, and below 0.85 was poor. Twelve healthy @entity1 , average age 9.7 years (from 7 to 14 years), were analyzed. A 7-year-old @entity1 presenting left @entity5300 was similarly analyzed, pre- and postoperatively, after a lateral rotation osteotomy of the humerus. RESULTS: The analysis of the 12 healthy @entity1 established a kinematics corridor for each task and each angle considered. Analysis of the pathological @entity1 revealed @entity154 during movement which went undetected at simple clinical examination. CMC analysis after treatment showed improvement of all movements around the shoulder, going from "poor" preoperatively to "excellent" postoperatively. Amplitudes analysis similarly demonstrated postoperative improvement, which increased from 28 to 67% according to the rotations considered, around the shoulder and elbow. The interest in these results should be confirmed by studies in a larger number of @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Upper extremity kinematics analysis is increasingly utilized in current clinical practice. Although many problems occur because of the non-cyclical and non-automatic nature of movement, review of the literature and our preliminary results show that reproducibility is satisfactory. Interest in our work arises from helping develop a preoperative evaluation tool (providing a more global view of abnormalities) as well as a postoperative assessment one (for the quantification of movement gains obtained by surgery after humeral osteotomy). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV. Diagnostic retrospective study.

title: Upper extremity kinematics analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical brachial plexus palsy', 'OBPP']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['kinematics anomalies']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['obstetrical brachial plexus palsy']


abstract: Fibroepithelial stromal @entity1127 of the vulvovaginal region are benign lesions that, when bland or hypocellular, are readily recognized. However those that exhibit bizarre cytomorphology, atypical mitoses, or hypercellularity, raising the possibility of @entity5 , continue to be underrecognized. The authors reviewed a series of @entity1127 to characterize further the morphologic features that can lead to a misdiagnosis of @entity242 . A total of 33 of 65 consecutive cases of @entity1127 retrieved from the authors' consultation files were remarkable for marked hypercellularity (33 of 33), marked cytologic pleomorphism (21 of 33), mitotic counts of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (12 of 33), and the presence of atypical mitoses (14 of 33). A total of 16 of 33 lesions had three or more of these features. Important morphologic clues to the diagnosis (shared with usual @entity1127 at this site) were lack of an identifiable lesional margin, extension of abnormal stromal tissue up to the mucosal-submucosal interface, and the frequent presence of individually scattered multinucleate stromal cells, most often located close to the surface epithelium. Immunohistochemically, seven of 12 cases were @entity2283 positive and one of 11 cases were smooth muscle actin positive. The age range of @entity1 was 16 to 75 years (median, 32 years), and 21 @entity1 (64%) were premenopausal. Sites included the vagina (18 of 33), cervix (seven of 33), and vulva (eight of 33). A total of 14 of 33 @entity1 were pregnant, three @entity1 were taking @entity440 , and one @entity1 was on oral @entity1420 . Eight of 33 @entity1 had multiple lesions at the time of presentation, of whom five were pregnant. Clinical follow-up was available in 21 of 33 @entity1 . Three of 21 @entity1 with follow-up had local, nondestructive recurrence. Two of these @entity1 had multiple recurrences. None of the @entity1 followed developed @entity3 . Cytologic atypia has been a previously recognized feature in these lesions; however, the occurrence of marked stromal cellularity and a mitotic rate of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields have not been emphasized previously. Moreover, the combination of these features has only rarely been documented. Awareness of the spectrum of histologic features that these lesions can exhibit is crucial in their accurate recognition, thus avoiding potential overtreatment.

title: Cellular pseudosarcomatous XXXX of the lower female genital tract: an underrecognized lesion often misdiagnosed as @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['fibroepithelial stromal polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['fibroepithelial stromal polyps']