abstract: We examined whether deficits in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity51 could be corrected by glomerular @entity1184 . Using unbiased stereological techniques, we examined the time course and mode of glomerular @entity1184 in @entity19 lacking one allele for @entity7515 ( @entity7515 ). These @entity7515 heterozygous (Het) @entity19 are born with approximately 30% less @entity4295 than wild-type (WT) littermates. An additional group of @entity7515 Het @entity19 received the @entity14207 antagonist @entity1564 (Cand; 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) from 5 wk of age to determine the role of @entity19729 receptors in the @entity1184 . At 10 wk of age, the total volume of renal corpuscles, glomerular capillary surface area, and length of glomerular capillaries in the kidneys of @entity7515 Het @entity19 were all markedly (approximately 45%) less than that of WT @entity19 (P < 0.001). However, by 30 wk, and persisting at 60 wk of age, @entity7515 Het and WT @entity19 did not significantly differ in any of these parameters. Furthermore, conscious 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not differ between @entity7515 Het and WT @entity19 at any time point. MAP of @entity7515 Het-Cand @entity19 was 20-30 mmHg less than that of @entity7515 Het-vehicle @entity19 at all three ages, but Cand treatment did not significantly alter glomerular capillary dimensions. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the deficit in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity51 can be corrected for in adulthood by an increase in the total length of glomerular capillaries. This process does not require @entity19729 receptor activation.

title: Glomerular surface area is normalized in @entity19 born with a nephron deficit: no role for XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity7515 :: ('14573(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nephron deficit']

answer: @entity19729 :: (11607(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AT1']


abstract: We examined whether deficits in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity51 could be corrected by glomerular @entity1184 . Using unbiased stereological techniques, we examined the time course and mode of glomerular @entity1184 in @entity19 lacking one allele for @entity7515 ( @entity7515 ). These @entity7515 heterozygous (Het) @entity19 are born with approximately 30% less @entity4295 than wild-type (WT) littermates. An additional group of @entity7515 Het @entity19 received the @entity14207 antagonist @entity1564 (Cand; 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) from 5 wk of age to determine the role of @entity19729 receptors in the @entity1184 . At 10 wk of age, the total volume of renal corpuscles, glomerular capillary surface area, and length of glomerular capillaries in the kidneys of @entity7515 Het @entity19 were all markedly (approximately 45%) less than that of WT @entity19 (P < 0.001). However, by 30 wk, and persisting at 60 wk of age, @entity7515 Het and WT @entity19 did not significantly differ in any of these parameters. Furthermore, conscious 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not differ between @entity7515 Het and WT @entity19 at any time point. MAP of @entity7515 Het-Cand @entity19 was 20-30 mmHg less than that of @entity7515 Het-vehicle @entity19 at all three ages, but Cand treatment did not significantly alter glomerular capillary dimensions. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the deficit in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity51 can be corrected for in adulthood by an increase in the total length of glomerular capillaries. This process does not require @entity19729 receptor activation.

title: Glomerular surface area is normalized in XXXX born with a nephron deficit: no role for @entity19729 receptors.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1 can come into contact with thinner by occupational exposure or by intentional inhalation abuse. Numerous studies of workers for genotoxic effects of thinner exposure have yielded conflicting results, perhaps because co-exposure to variable other compounds cannot be avoided in workplace exposure studies. In contrast, there is no data concerning the genotoxic effects of intentional inhalation abuse. The aim of this project was to examine the genotoxic effects of thinner inhalation in an animal model of thinner abuse ( @entity35 exposed to 3000 ppm @entity8336 , a high solvent concentration over a very short, 15 min time period, twice a day for 6 weeks). The data presented here provides evidence that thinner inhalation in our experimental conditions is able to induce @entity353 , @entity358 and oxidative stress. This oxidative stress induces oxidative DNA damage that is not a characteristic feature of genotoxic damage. No significant difference in DNA damage and DNA repair (biomarkers of genotoxicity) in lymphocytes from thinner-treated and control @entity35 was found. Lead treatment was used as a positive control in these assays. Finally, bone marrow was evaluated as a biomarker of cellular alteration associated with thinner inhalation. The observed absence of hemopoietic and genetic @entity137 could be explained in part by the absence of @entity7935 , the only carcinogenic component of thinner; however, @entity7935 is no longer a common component of thinner. In conclusion, thinner did not cause genotoxic effects in an experimental model of intentional abuse despite the fact that thinner inhalation induces oxidative stress.

title: Thinner inhalation effects on oxidative stress and DNA repair in a XXXX model of abuse.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung abnormalities']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The genetic etiology of @entity20136 ( @entity20136 ) is unclear in the majority of cases. Mutations in @entity755 ( @entity755 ) are the only confirmed causes of @entity20136 . Recently, loss-of-function mutations of @entity756 gene have been shown to be associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype. Our primary goal was to confirm that mutations in @entity756 could be another cause of @entity20136 . Using the sequencing approach, we found that the @entity71102 variation in @entity756 , a common in-frame insertion in both African American and Caucasian populations, is associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype in three @entity20136 families. Then we tested whether this variation could be associated with lower @entity165 levels in the general population. A total of 403 subjects from a Caucasian population, in which hypobetalipoprotein (HBL) and normal groups were classified using standard criteria, were sequenced for this variation. The allele frequency of this variation in the HBL group was 0.186, but was only 0.128 in the normal lipid group. The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 level in subjects heterozygous for this variant is significantly lower than that in the normal group (p<0.01). Heterozygous subjects also had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 levels (p<0.01). In general, LDL- @entity165 concentration in individuals with @entity756 @entity71102 variation was approximately 10-15 mg/dL lower than that in normal individuals. We conclude that the @entity71102 variant plays a role in lowering @entity165 in the general population.

title: The @entity71102 variation in XXXX is associated with low plasma LDL- @entity165 in a Caucasian population.

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['APOB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity20136 :: ('MESH:D006995', 'Disease') :: ['FHBL', 'familial hypobetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity756 :: (255738,Gene) :: ['PCSK9']


abstract: The genetic etiology of @entity20136 ( @entity20136 ) is unclear in the majority of cases. Mutations in @entity755 ( @entity755 ) are the only confirmed causes of @entity20136 . Recently, loss-of-function mutations of @entity756 gene have been shown to be associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype. Our primary goal was to confirm that mutations in @entity756 could be another cause of @entity20136 . Using the sequencing approach, we found that the @entity71102 variation in @entity756 , a common in-frame insertion in both African American and Caucasian populations, is associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype in three @entity20136 families. Then we tested whether this variation could be associated with lower @entity165 levels in the general population. A total of 403 subjects from a Caucasian population, in which hypobetalipoprotein (HBL) and normal groups were classified using standard criteria, were sequenced for this variation. The allele frequency of this variation in the HBL group was 0.186, but was only 0.128 in the normal lipid group. The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 level in subjects heterozygous for this variant is significantly lower than that in the normal group (p<0.01). Heterozygous subjects also had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 levels (p<0.01). In general, LDL- @entity165 concentration in individuals with @entity756 @entity71102 variation was approximately 10-15 mg/dL lower than that in normal individuals. We conclude that the @entity71102 variant plays a role in lowering @entity165 in the general population.

title: The XXXX variation in @entity756 is associated with low plasma LDL- @entity165 in a Caucasian population.

answer: @entity71102 :: (c|INS|43_44|CTG,DNAMutation) :: ['c.43_44insCTG']


abstract: The genetic etiology of @entity20136 ( @entity20136 ) is unclear in the majority of cases. Mutations in @entity755 ( @entity755 ) are the only confirmed causes of @entity20136 . Recently, loss-of-function mutations of @entity756 gene have been shown to be associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype. Our primary goal was to confirm that mutations in @entity756 could be another cause of @entity20136 . Using the sequencing approach, we found that the @entity71102 variation in @entity756 , a common in-frame insertion in both African American and Caucasian populations, is associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype in three @entity20136 families. Then we tested whether this variation could be associated with lower @entity165 levels in the general population. A total of 403 subjects from a Caucasian population, in which hypobetalipoprotein (HBL) and normal groups were classified using standard criteria, were sequenced for this variation. The allele frequency of this variation in the HBL group was 0.186, but was only 0.128 in the normal lipid group. The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 level in subjects heterozygous for this variant is significantly lower than that in the normal group (p<0.01). Heterozygous subjects also had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 levels (p<0.01). In general, LDL- @entity165 concentration in individuals with @entity756 @entity71102 variation was approximately 10-15 mg/dL lower than that in normal individuals. We conclude that the @entity71102 variant plays a role in lowering @entity165 in the general population.

title: The @entity71102 variation in @entity756 is associated with low plasma LDL- XXXX in a Caucasian population.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autopsy studies confirm that many @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) @entity1 die from unrecognized sources of @entity1661 or @entity63 . Computed tomography (CT) scans can be of limited use for these diagnoses and difficult to obtain in critically ill @entity1 who require significant support for transport. Bedside laparoscopy has been described but still is cumbersome to perform. Bedside flexible endoscopy as a diagnostic tool or for placement of @entity5274 is a standard @entity1213 procedure. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) can provide access to the peritoneal cavity as a bedside procedure and may decrease the number of @entity1 with unrecognized intra-abdominal catastrophic events. METHODS: @entity1707 were anesthetized and peritoneal access with the flexible endoscope was obtained using a guidewire, needle knife cautery, and @entity384 . The transgastric endoscope was used to explore all quadrants of the abdominal cavity. The small bowel was visualized to complete the exploration. The transgastric access location was then managed with the use of a @entity5274 . The animals were euthanized and analyzed. RESULTS: Eight @entity1707 were studied and complete abdominal exploration, including diaphragm visualization, was possible in all cases. Endoscopy-guided biopsies were performed, adhesions lysed, and the gallbladder successfully drained percutaneously. The small bowel was run successfully with percutaneous needlescopic suture graspers. CONCLUSIONS: These animal studies support the concept that NOTES, with management of the gastric opening with a @entity5274 , may be another approach for finding unrecognized sources of @entity1661 or @entity5327 in difficult @entity1213 @entity1 . These encouraging results warrant a prospective @entity1 trial to assess safety and efficacy.

title: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) as a diagnostic tool in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube', 'gastrostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['intensive care unit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed transvaginal sonographic findings from @entity1 with cervical @entity5849 treated with high-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of cervical pregnancies diagnosed in our institution from 1996 through 2006. We divided the cases into an @entity1500 treatment group and a surgical treatment group. We included cases treated with high-dose @entity1500 alone. We analyzed 9 cervical @entity5849 treated with @entity1500 , which was injected intravascularly at 100 mg/m(2) plus 200 mg/m(2) in 500 mL of a normal saline solution with @entity4181 rescue. The gestational sac sizes and serum human chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) levels were periodically monitored to determine the resolution status. RESULTS: Fifty cervical pregnancies were diagnosed during the study period. Thirty cases were treated with @entity1500 , and 20 were treated with surgical procedures. Among the 30 cases in the @entity1500 treatment group, 9 had high-dose @entity1500 injection without surgical procedures. Cervical mass regression appeared at a median of 40 (range, 10-88) days after treatment, whereas the serum @entity3566 level decreased at a median of 14 (range, 9-17) days after treatment. The median time to complete regression of the cervical mass was 86 (range, 48-141) days, and the median time to complete regression of the serum @entity3566 level was 68 (range, 19-143) days. Cervical pregnancy was noted as a gestational sac at first but coexisted with a mixed @entity75 19 days after treatment. At 33 days after treatment, the cervical pregnancy was completely replaced by the mixed @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of the cervical mass on sonography lagged far behind resolution of the serum @entity3566 level. The cervical mass evolved from a gestational sac into a mixed @entity75 on serial transvaginal sonography.

title: Serial transvaginal sonographic findings of cervical ectopic pregnancy treated with high-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['echoic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the attributable mortality of @entity2489 in a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. @entity2489 is generally believed to increase the mortality of @entity1 . This notion is predominantly based on the results of observational studies. DATA SOURCE: We performed a systematic search strategy using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from their inception through February 2007. In addition, a reference and related article search was performed. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they reported mortality rates of @entity1 with and without @entity2489 . DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Fifty-two studies with a total of 17,347 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Pooling of all studies resulted in relative risk of 1.27 (95% Confidence Interval = 1.15-1.39), but heterogeneity was considerable (I2 statistic = 69%). The origin of heterogeneity could not be explained by differences in study design, study quality, and diagnostic approach. However, heterogeneity was limited for studies investigating only @entity130 @entity1 (I2 = 1.3%) or @entity1 with acute @entity649 (I2 = 0%), with estimated relative risk of 1.09 (95% Confidence Interval = 0.87-1.37) among @entity130 @entity1 and 0.86 (95% Confidence Interval = 0.72-1.04) among @entity1 with acute @entity649 . CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of attributable mortality due to @entity2489 in @entity1 with @entity130 or acute @entity649 . However, in other nonspecified @entity1 groups, there is evidence for attributable mortality due to @entity2489 , but this could not be quantified due to heterogeneity in study results. More detailed studies, allowing subgroup analyses, are needed to determine the attributable mortality of @entity2489 in these @entity1 populations.

title: XXXX and mortality: a systematic review of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: Between 1990 and 2006 in the III-rd Surgical Clinic Cluj-Napoca, 366 pacients with hepatic hydatid cyst were admitted and underwent surgery; 81 (22.13%) of them, who had a cyst-biliary comunication, were retrospectively reviewed: 52 (64.2%) had an occult communications and 29 (35.8%) had a @entity397 . The sex ratio was M/F=46/35 with a mean age of 44.5 years and with ages between 17 and 73 years. Choledochotomy, evacuation of parasitic material and lavage of the @entity16221 were performed in all @entity1 with @entity397 . In 25 @entity1 , partial pericystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy/T-tube drainage of @entity16221 was performed. Internal drainage by a Roux-en-Y pericystectojejunostomy and biliodigestive anastomosis was carried out in 2 @entity1 , while other two @entity1 underwent external drainage of cystic cavity and T-tube drainage of @entity16221 . 15 @entity1 (51.7%) had postoperative external @entity1157 ( @entity292 ). Occult communications were managed by partial pericystectomy +/- narrowing of the residual cavity (capitonage with an omentum flap or invagination of the @entity82 capsule margins into the cavity) in 35 @entity1 (67.3%) while in 10 @entity1 (19.2%) internal drainage by a Roux-en-Y pericystectojejunostomy was carried out. Regional resection of the liver was performed in 4 cases (7.7%) and external drainage of residual cavity in 3 @entity1 (5.7%). 13 @entity1 (25%) had postoperative external @entity1157 ( @entity292 ). The mean postoperative hospitalisation was 20 days with the range 5-85 days. The mortality rate was 2.4% (2 @entity1 ): one died due to @entity295 and MOFS and the other due to @entity1151 . CONCLUSION: @entity86 ( @entity292 ) fallowing conservative surgery of ruptured hydatid hepatic cyst into the biliary tract are not rare regardless of the type of @entity397 (frank or occult). Although the opening of the biliary duct is sutured, the risk of @entity3116 is not clearly corelated with this approach; in such cases internal drainage provides a good alternative with low morbidity.

title: [Intrabiliary XXXX of hepatic hydatid cysts: results of 17 years' experience].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leaks']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'frank intrabiliary rupture']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bile leaks']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistulas']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity8405 ( @entity8405 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity12011 ( @entity12011 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity8405 @entity8406 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity12011 , 1,297 @entity164 2 @entity6 , 545 @entity164 1 @entity6 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity8405 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity12011 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , but not with @entity164 1 @entity6 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity1 with the CC genotype in the @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity6 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity12011 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity8405 @entity8406 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity12011 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . The gene effect on @entity6 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The XXXX 2 @entity6 -associated variant in @entity8405 is associated with latent autoimmune @entity6 in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['latent autoimmune diabetes in adults', 'LADA']

entities_list: @entity8405 :: ('6934', 'Gene') :: ['transcription factor 7-like 2', 'TCF7L2']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity8405 ( @entity8405 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity12011 ( @entity12011 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity8405 @entity8406 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity12011 , 1,297 @entity164 2 @entity6 , 545 @entity164 1 @entity6 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity8405 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity12011 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , but not with @entity164 1 @entity6 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity1 with the CC genotype in the @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity6 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity12011 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity8405 @entity8406 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity12011 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . The gene effect on @entity6 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The @entity164 2 XXXX -associated variant in @entity8405 is associated with latent autoimmune @entity6 in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity8405 ( @entity8405 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity12011 ( @entity12011 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity8405 @entity8406 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity12011 , 1,297 @entity164 2 @entity6 , 545 @entity164 1 @entity6 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity8405 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity12011 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , but not with @entity164 1 @entity6 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity1 with the CC genotype in the @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity6 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity12011 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity8405 @entity8406 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity12011 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . The gene effect on @entity6 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The @entity164 2 @entity6 -associated variant in @entity8405 is associated with latent autoimmune XXXX in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity8405 ( @entity8405 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity12011 ( @entity12011 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity8405 @entity8406 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity12011 , 1,297 @entity164 2 @entity6 , 545 @entity164 1 @entity6 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity8405 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity12011 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , but not with @entity164 1 @entity6 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity1 with the CC genotype in the @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity6 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity12011 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity8405 @entity8406 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity12011 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity12011 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . The gene effect on @entity6 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The @entity164 2 @entity6 -associated variant in XXXX is associated with latent autoimmune @entity6 in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

answer: @entity8405 :: (6934,Gene) :: ['TCF7L2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact on the diagnosis of @entity0 of implementing full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in a multidisciplinary breast pathology unit and, 1 year later, the addition of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13,453 mammograms performed between January and July of the years 2004, 2006, and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed using conventional mammography, digital mammography, and digital mammography plus CAD techniques. Mammograms were classified into two subsets: screening and diagnosis. Variables analyzed included @entity5 detection rate, rate of in situ @entity189 , @entity5 size at detection, biopsy rate, and positive predictive value of biopsy. RESULTS: FFDM increased the @entity5 detection rate, albeit not statistically significantly. The detection rate of in situ @entity189 increased significantly using FFDM plus CAD compared with conventional technique (36.8% vs 6.7%; p = 0.05 without Bonferroni statistical correction) for the screening dataset. Relative to conventional mammography, @entity5 size at detection decreased with digital mammography (T1, 61.5% vs 88%; p = 0.018) and with digital mammography plus CAD (T1, 79.7%; p = 0.03 without Bonferroni statistical correction). Biopsy rates in the general population increased significantly using CAD (10.6/1000 for conventional mammography, 14.7/1000 for digital mammography, and 17.9/1000 for digital mammography plus CAD; p = 0.02). The positive predictive value of biopsy decreased slightly, but not significantly, for both subsets. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of new techniques has improved the performance of the breast unit by increasing the overall detection rates and earlier detection ( @entity5 ), both leading to an increase in interventionism.

title: Impact on XXXX diagnosis in a multidisciplinary unit after the incorporation of mammography digitalization and computer-aided detection systems.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'smaller tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The development of robotic technology has facilitated the application of minimally invasive techniques for the treatment and evaluation of @entity1 with early, advanced, and recurrent @entity5 . The application of robotic technology for selected @entity1 with @entity5 and the data available in the literature are addressed in the present review paper. The robotic radical hysterectomy technique developed at the Mayo Clinic Arizona is presented with data comparing 27 @entity1 who underwent the robotic procedure with 2 matched groups of @entity1 treated by laparoscopic (N = 31), and laparotomic radical hysterectomy (N = 35). A few other studies confirmed the feasibility and safety of robotic radical hysterectomy and comparisons to either to the laparoscopic or open approach were discussed. Based on data from the literature, minimally invasive techniques including laparoscopy and robotics are preferable to laparotomy for @entity1 requiring radical hysterectomy, with some advantages noted for robotics over laparoscopy. A prospective randomised trial is currently being performed under the auspices of the American Association of Gyneoclogic Laparoscopists comparing minimally invasive radical hysterectomy (laparoscopy or robotics) with laparotomy. For early @entity5 radical parametrectomy and fertility preserving trachelectomy have been performed using robotic technology and been shown to be feasible, safe, and easier to perform when compared to the laparoscopic approach. Similar benefits have been noted in the treatment of advanced and recurrent @entity5 where complex procedures such as extraperitoneal paraortic lymphadenectomy and pelvic exenteration have been required. CONCLUSION: Robotic technology better facilitates the surgical approach as compared to laparoscopy for technically challenging operations performed to treat primary, early or advanced, and recurrent @entity5 . Although @entity1 advantages are similar or slightly improved with robotics, there are multiple advantages for surgeons.

title: Robotic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity890 and @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) are highly unusual causes of @entity2649 in the adolescent population. The authors report a unique concomitant occurrence in a 16-year-old @entity1 who presented with left-sided @entity14330 @entity614 . Magnetic resonance imaging T1-weighted sequences revealed a left-sided posterolateral prolapsed L4-5 disc with an isointense extruded fragment lying behind the @entity14330 body. On T2-weighted sequences a hyperintense area was seen in the region of the extruded disc fragment with thecal compression. At surgery the extradural encapsulated @entity1410 was removed, together with the extruded disc fragment and the L4-5 disc. The characteristics of the biopsy specimen from the epidural collection were consistent with those of a @entity1410 . At 6 months' follow up, the @entity1 had returned to his normal activities. An SEH may result from tearing of delicate epidural veins following disc extrusion. It can occur at any age, regardless of whether there is a history of significant @entity130 . Magnetic resonance imaging allows preoperative characterization of the lesion. Results after surgical evacuation are excellent. Distinguishing between a solitary SEH and one caused by a lumbar disc extrusion has significant implications, as the former may resolve completely with conservative management.

title: Extruded lumbar disc associated with XXXX . Case report.

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['SEHs', 'spinal epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['secondary lumbar canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['Lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['epidural hematoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate selected clinical, histological and diagnostic factors as prognostics of time and location of @entity1204 recurrence. We also attempted to design a more efficient follow-up protocols for @entity1 with recurrent @entity1204 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 196 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1204 treated at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie @entity5 Center, Warsaw, was done. Recurrence was analyzed by site, presence or absence of symptoms and methods of detection. We focused our attention on the impact of specific disease characteristics on pattern and risk of recurrence. RESULTS: Vast majority of recurrences (88%) occurred within the first 3 years after the primary treatment, whereas 71% within the first two years after the completion of the treatment. More than half of the @entity1 (55%) were symptomatic when relapse occurred, while no statistically significant differences were found in time to relapse between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic group. Disease-free time observed when vaginal relapse occurred was significantly shorter compared to distant sites (p = 0.049). Histological maturity of @entity5 seems to be a prognostic of disease-free time (p = 0.039). Also @entity1 with histological type I and II seem to have different courses of the disease (p = 0.064). Among recurrent @entity1204 cases, pelvic examination, abdominal or pelvic ultrasound and chest x-ray could detect 95% of relapses. CONCLUSIONS: A follow-up program in the first three years after the primary treatment of @entity1204 is useful in detecting recurrent disease. There is no reason to use an intensive program of follow-up in @entity1 with low risk @entity66 . Pelvic examination, vaginal and abdominal ultrasound, chest x-ray are good and not expensive methods in relapse detection. There is no clinical justification for the routine use of the Pap smear in the follow-up of @entity1 with @entity1204 .

title: [Analysis of risk factors for recurrence after treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Memorial Cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial uterine cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plasminogen activator-plasmin cascade plays a central role in the progression of @entity5 . The type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) is the major physiological regulator of plasminogen activation. @entity2289 is suggested to play a crucial role in @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 of various @entity5 . The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and prognostic roles of @entity2289 in @entity43 (OC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression analysis was conducted by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Tissue sections of @entity982 -embedded @entity5 specimens and fresh-frozen @entity5 samples from @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity43 ( @entity43 ), who had undergone surgical intervention in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Charit  , Germany, from 02/01 to 06/02, were used. Correlation analysis with conventional clinical factors, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS (SPSS Inc., V.11.0). RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 (31 primary OC, 20 recurrent OC, 4 low-malignant potential @entity43 , 6 benign @entity43 , 4 normal ovary) were allocated to this trial. The median age was 57 years (range, 34-86) and the median follow-up was 20 months (range, 0-64). The distributions of (FIGO) @entity5 stage of all primary OC were: I = 16.1%, II = 3.2%, III = 45.2% and IV = 35.5%. @entity2289 was significantly overexpressed in the @entity5 epithelium of OC in comparison to the ovarian epithelium of benign @entity43 and normal ovary (p < 0.001). The median @entity2289 level was 1.92-fold higher in malignant @entity43 than in benign @entity43 . Statistical analyses showed no significant correlation between the expression of @entity2289 and clinical parameters. The expression of @entity2289 and the @entity2289 level, according to 3 different cut-off values, showed no prognostic impact in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only @entity5 stage (FIGO) (p = 0.003) and @entity41 (p = 0.009) remained independent prognostic factors for post-operative survival. CONCLUSION: @entity2289 is significantly overexpressed in OC.

title: Overexpression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'OT', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: Acanthopanax senticosides B is a monomer of @entity27517 @entity3857 . Previous reports showed that @entity27517 saponins exhibit antioxidant action and cardiac protection. However, whether Acanthopanax senticosides B has cardiac protection remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of Acanthopanax senticosides B on oxidative damage induced by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) of cardiomyocytes. As revealed from the results, when the cardiomyocytes were exposed to @entity274 for designed time and concentration, the percentage of survival cells was down significantly, the activity of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and the content of cellular @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) were increased markedly. These results indicated that the cells were subjected to oxidative damage. Treatment with Acanthopanax senticosides B prior to @entity274 (100 microM) exposure can increase cell viability significantly, lessen @entity274 -induced cardiomyocyte morphological change, and inhibit augmentation of LDH activity in culture media and cellular @entity1865 content markedly. Our results demonstrated that Acanthopanax senticosides B (400 microg/ml and 200 microg/ml) can protect cells against oxidative injury of @entity274 (100 microM). Furthermore, the activities of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity2041 peroxidase, @entity12609 and the content of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) of cardiomyocytes were also raised by Acanthopanax senticosides B. Taken together, the study implicated that Acanthopanax senticosides B protects cardiomyocytes against @entity66 induced by @entity274 through reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of the activity of antioxidant defense.

title: Acanthopanax senticosides B ameliorates oxidative damage induced by XXXX in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oxidative-stress injury']

entities_list: @entity27517 :: ('82096', 'Species') :: ['Acanthopanax senticosus']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5714 ( @entity5714 ) is an uncommon finding characterized by a sudden decrease in hemoglobin after treatment with the putative drug. The full range of drugs causing @entity5714 and the initial serologic presentation are not fully appreciated. This work identifies additional drugs associated with @entity5714 and offers additional insights about diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A 20-year retrospective review of testing in one laboratory was performed. @entity1 sex, age, medication history, initial direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and indirect antiglobulin test, method of drug-dependent antibody ( @entity22818 ) detection, and specificity were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity1 with 73 DDAs to 23 different drugs were identified. The following @entity22818 specificities were identified: @entity2886 (37), @entity114 and/or @entity114 derivatives (12), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (11), @entity4807 and/or @entity5126 (7), and others (6). Fifty-two percent (37) were due to cephalosporins with 27 @entity12092 -dependent antibodies detected. Four NSAIDs required urinary metabolite for detection. DAT was strongly positive, at least 2+, in 75 percent (51/68) of @entity1 with a positive DAT. Initial eluate was negative in 52 @entity1 , weak positive (<2+) in 14 @entity1 , and strong positive (>or=2+) in 2 @entity1 . Serologic results showed characteristics of warm @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) in 22 or 31 percent of all cases and cold-reactive @entity5506 in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider @entity5714 when a @entity1 serologically presents as either warm- or cold-type @entity5506 to avoid erroneous diagnosis. Based on these findings, the strength of the initial DAT is much stronger than previously reported for all types of @entity910 immune @entity2142 . This report is also unique in the number of NSAIDs reported. A new classification of categorizing @entity22818 is proposed.

title: One center's experience: the serology and drugs associated with XXXX immune @entity5714 --a new paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['DIIHA', 'Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity12092 :: ('MESH:D015313', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotetan']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['drug-induced']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5714 ( @entity5714 ) is an uncommon finding characterized by a sudden decrease in hemoglobin after treatment with the putative drug. The full range of drugs causing @entity5714 and the initial serologic presentation are not fully appreciated. This work identifies additional drugs associated with @entity5714 and offers additional insights about diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A 20-year retrospective review of testing in one laboratory was performed. @entity1 sex, age, medication history, initial direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and indirect antiglobulin test, method of drug-dependent antibody ( @entity22818 ) detection, and specificity were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity1 with 73 DDAs to 23 different drugs were identified. The following @entity22818 specificities were identified: @entity2886 (37), @entity114 and/or @entity114 derivatives (12), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (11), @entity4807 and/or @entity5126 (7), and others (6). Fifty-two percent (37) were due to cephalosporins with 27 @entity12092 -dependent antibodies detected. Four NSAIDs required urinary metabolite for detection. DAT was strongly positive, at least 2+, in 75 percent (51/68) of @entity1 with a positive DAT. Initial eluate was negative in 52 @entity1 , weak positive (<2+) in 14 @entity1 , and strong positive (>or=2+) in 2 @entity1 . Serologic results showed characteristics of warm @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) in 22 or 31 percent of all cases and cold-reactive @entity5506 in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider @entity5714 when a @entity1 serologically presents as either warm- or cold-type @entity5506 to avoid erroneous diagnosis. Based on these findings, the strength of the initial DAT is much stronger than previously reported for all types of @entity910 immune @entity2142 . This report is also unique in the number of NSAIDs reported. A new classification of categorizing @entity22818 is proposed.

title: One center's experience: the serology and drugs associated with @entity910 immune XXXX --a new paradigm.

answer: @entity5714 :: (MESH:D000743,Disease) :: ['hemolytic anemia']


abstract: We previously demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption can cause not only peripheral insulin resistance, but also neuronal insulin resistance. Moreover, the consumption of an HFD has been shown to cause @entity2383 in both the skeletal muscle and liver. @entity6170 , a peroxizome proliferator-activated receptor-y ligand, is a drug used to treat @entity6 . Recent studies suggested that @entity6170 can improve learning and memory in both @entity1 and animal models. However, the effects of @entity6170 on neuronal insulin resistance and brain mitochondria after the HFD consumption have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that @entity6170 improves neuronal insulin resistance caused by a HFD via attenuating the dysfunction of @entity528 . @entity6170 (5 mg/kg    d) was given for 14 d to @entity35 that were fed with either a HFD or normal diet for 12 wk. After the 14(th) week, all animals were euthanized, and their brains were removed and examined for insulin-induced long-term @entity308 , neuronal insulin signaling, and brain mitochondrial function. We found that @entity6170 significantly improved peripheral insulin resistance and insulin-induced long-term @entity308 and increased neuronal @entity2308 -ser phosphorylation in response to insulin. Furthermore, @entity6170 prevented brain mitochondrial conformational changes and attenuated brain mitochondrial swelling, brain mitochondrial membrane potential changes, and brain mitochondrial ROS production. Our data suggest that neuronal insulin resistance and the @entity75 caused by a 12-wk HFD consumption can be reversed by @entity6170 .

title: PPARy agonist improves neuronal insulin receptor function in hippocampus and brain mitochondria function in XXXX with insulin resistance induced by long term high-fat diets.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of brain mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['Rosiglitazone', 'rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal insulin receptors and brain mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity955 puts @entity1 at significant risk for @entity64 originating from the left atrial appendage. Few means are available for safe, effective, and durable left @entity432 . A new clip device was evaluated with regard to safety and effectiveness for epicardial left @entity432 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity955 undergoing elective cardiac surgery through a median sternotomy were enrolled for concomitant epicardial clip placement. Early postoperative and 3-month follow-up computed tomography studies were used to assess clip stability and left atrial appendage perfusion. RESULTS: From September 2007 to December 2008, 34 @entity1 underwent successful clip placement. No device-related complications occurred. Operative mortality was 8.8% and not study or device related. Deployment was rapid, and left @entity432 was confirmed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity1 . In addition to excellent clinical outcomes (no @entity64 /transient @entity63 attack), serial computed tomography demonstrated stable clip location and appendage perfusion at 3 months in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Safe, effective, and durable left @entity432 can easily be achieved with this new clip. Further trials are necessary to evaluate the role of the left @entity432 in @entity64 prevention.

title: Left XXXX : early clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['atrial appendage clip occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary artery size is a crucial determinant of hemodynamic energy loss in total cavopulmonary connections. We investigated the effect of aortic arch reconstruction on left pulmonary artery size based on their anatomic proximity. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 undergoing the Fontan operation, 16 with @entity1699 and 16 with @entity1699 , were selected from the multicenter Fontan magnetic resonance imaging database at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The 16 datasets were consecutive with full anatomic reconstructions of the total cavopulmonary connection and aortic arch with no artifacts. The size of the aorta along the transverse arch and left pulmonary artery size in the region below the aortic arch was quantified by using a previously validated skeletonization technique. RESULTS: The transverse aortic and left pulmonary artery measurements (median, maximum, and minimum, respectively) for @entity1699 were 2.2, 3.1, and 1.5 cm/m and 1.2, 1.6, and 0.2 cm/m, respectively, compared with 2.5, 4.1, and 2.0 cm/m and 0.9, 1.5, and 0.4 cm/m for @entity1 with @entity1699 . Thus the transverse aortic diameter of @entity1 with @entity1699 was, on average, 24% greater than that for @entity1 with @entity1699 (P < .05), whereas the left pulmonary artery diameter of @entity1 with @entity1699 was smaller than that of @entity1 with @entity1699 (P < .05). Regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation (P < .05) between aortic and left pulmonary artery diameters in both the @entity1699 and @entity1699 groups. However, when the study population was regrouped into reconstructed aorta and nonreconstructed aorta groups, the negative correlation was only significant for @entity1 with reconstructed aortas, regardless of ventricular pathology (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS: Stage 1 aortic reconstruction procedures that result in a large aorta limit left pulmonary artery size in @entity1 undergoing the Fontan operation.

title: Larger aortic reconstruction corresponds to diminished left pulmonary artery size in XXXX with single-ventricle physiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to detect the potential occurrence of early @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) at first referral to an outpatient nephrology clinic. Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity740 (49 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 ) were compared with 604 healthy control subjects (298 @entity1 and 306 @entity1 ). Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were performed in all @entity1 , whereas renal function, laboratory tests for nutritional status, and nutrient intake were assessed in the @entity740 group only. @entity1011 clearance was 27.8 +/- 13.8 and 27.4 +/- 13.0 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in male and female @entity1 with @entity740 , respectively. No @entity1 showed peripheral @entity4 ; @entity3147 , defined by presence of serum albumin <3.5 g/dl plus body mass index <20 kg/m(2); or protein intake <0.6 g/kg per d. At the BIA, @entity1 with @entity740 showed lower resistance (R) and abnormal mean impedance vectors for the bivariate normal distribution of R/height and reactance/height. Phase angle also was reduced (-22%), especially in @entity1 with @entity6 . When BIA-derived data were considered, total body water was slightly higher (+4.3% in @entity1 ; +3.5% in @entity1 ) and body cell mass was lower (-6.7% in @entity1 ; -7.7% in @entity1 ) in @entity1 with @entity740 . No difference in either BIA parameters or nutritional indexes was observed among various @entity740 stages. Despite the absence of overt @entity3147 , @entity1 with @entity740 exhibit altered BIA variables from the early phases of @entity8 . These alterations are related to the @entity8 , are more marked in the presence of @entity6 , and mainly indicate the presence of @entity5225 in the absence of @entity4 . Therefore, BIA represents an attractive clinical tool to detect @entity73 from the early stages of @entity740 .

title: Early changes in bioelectrical estimates of body composition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of body composition']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['overhydration']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of body composition']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'frank malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) is a simple and cost-effective treatment for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Our objectives were to determine the frequency of @entity1281 administration in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for @entity1 with @entity583 or @entity1459 , and to identify @entity1 characteristics associated with its administration. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of @entity1 discharged with a final diagnosis of @entity1187 . Data on age, gender, mode of presentation, presence of @entity662 at triage, administration of @entity1281 or not in the @entity341 , dosage and form of @entity1281 received, timing of administration, presence of contraindications to @entity1281 and use of regular @entity1281 prior to @entity341 presentation were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred and one charts were analyzed. Five hundred and fifty @entity1 (91.5%) received @entity1281 . Only 444 (73.9%) of these 550 @entity1 were administered the @entity1281 appropriately, according to the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines. Univariate analysis showed that chart notes "Transport by ambulance," " @entity566 to @entity1281 " and " @entity360 " were associated with a lower probability of the @entity1 being administered @entity1281 . If a @entity1 was noted as taking @entity1281 regularly, it increased the chance of this @entity1 being administered @entity1281 in the @entity341 . CONCLUSION: Although the study @entity341 performed well, administering @entity1281 to 91.5% of @entity1 with @entity1187 , only 73.9% of the @entity1 who received @entity1281 were administered the @entity1281 appropriately, as recommended in the AHA/ACC guidelines. Educational strategies and system changes are necessary to increase the proportion of eligible @entity1187 @entity1 who receive appropriate @entity1281 therapy.

title: Underutilization of @entity117 for @entity1187 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleed']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) is a simple and cost-effective treatment for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Our objectives were to determine the frequency of @entity1281 administration in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for @entity1 with @entity583 or @entity1459 , and to identify @entity1 characteristics associated with its administration. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of @entity1 discharged with a final diagnosis of @entity1187 . Data on age, gender, mode of presentation, presence of @entity662 at triage, administration of @entity1281 or not in the @entity341 , dosage and form of @entity1281 received, timing of administration, presence of contraindications to @entity1281 and use of regular @entity1281 prior to @entity341 presentation were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred and one charts were analyzed. Five hundred and fifty @entity1 (91.5%) received @entity1281 . Only 444 (73.9%) of these 550 @entity1 were administered the @entity1281 appropriately, according to the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines. Univariate analysis showed that chart notes "Transport by ambulance," " @entity566 to @entity1281 " and " @entity360 " were associated with a lower probability of the @entity1 being administered @entity1281 . If a @entity1 was noted as taking @entity1281 regularly, it increased the chance of this @entity1 being administered @entity1281 in the @entity341 . CONCLUSION: Although the study @entity341 performed well, administering @entity1281 to 91.5% of @entity1 with @entity1187 , only 73.9% of the @entity1 who received @entity1281 were administered the @entity1281 appropriately, as recommended in the AHA/ACC guidelines. Educational strategies and system changes are necessary to increase the proportion of eligible @entity1187 @entity1 who receive appropriate @entity1281 therapy.

title: Underutilization of XXXX for @entity1187 in the @entity341 .

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) is a simple and cost-effective treatment for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Our objectives were to determine the frequency of @entity1281 administration in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for @entity1 with @entity583 or @entity1459 , and to identify @entity1 characteristics associated with its administration. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of @entity1 discharged with a final diagnosis of @entity1187 . Data on age, gender, mode of presentation, presence of @entity662 at triage, administration of @entity1281 or not in the @entity341 , dosage and form of @entity1281 received, timing of administration, presence of contraindications to @entity1281 and use of regular @entity1281 prior to @entity341 presentation were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred and one charts were analyzed. Five hundred and fifty @entity1 (91.5%) received @entity1281 . Only 444 (73.9%) of these 550 @entity1 were administered the @entity1281 appropriately, according to the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines. Univariate analysis showed that chart notes "Transport by ambulance," " @entity566 to @entity1281 " and " @entity360 " were associated with a lower probability of the @entity1 being administered @entity1281 . If a @entity1 was noted as taking @entity1281 regularly, it increased the chance of this @entity1 being administered @entity1281 in the @entity341 . CONCLUSION: Although the study @entity341 performed well, administering @entity1281 to 91.5% of @entity1 with @entity1187 , only 73.9% of the @entity1 who received @entity1281 were administered the @entity1281 appropriately, as recommended in the AHA/ACC guidelines. Educational strategies and system changes are necessary to increase the proportion of eligible @entity1187 @entity1 who receive appropriate @entity1281 therapy.

title: Underutilization of @entity117 for XXXX in the @entity341 .

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The goal of thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 with acute @entity385 is early recanalization, but this may result in delayed @entity5721 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of @entity5261 in a transient @entity63 cat model by using MR perfusion imaging and histopathologic analyses. METHOD: One-hour temporary occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery of @entity468 was performed in the control @entity63 group (n = 10), and 100 mg/kg of @entity5261 was intravenously injected immediately after recanalization in the @entity5261 -treated group (n = 15). MR imaging was performed at 1, 24, and 48 hours after recanalization, and the perfusion patterns were investigated. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and end-labeling (TUNEL) and @entity1710 - @entity1711 (H_E) stainings were performed at the corresponding sections. RESULTS: In the control @entity63 group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the areas with reperfusion @entity450 (P < .05). In the @entity5261 -treated group, no significant increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was noted in the areas of reperfusion @entity450 . The difference in the number of TUNEL-positive cells between the control @entity63 and @entity5261 -treated group in the areas of reperfusion @entity450 was significant (P < .05). The total number of TUNEL-positive cells and the area of severe @entity63 @entity528 on H_E stain were also significantly attenuated in the @entity5261 -treated @entity468 compared with the control @entity63 @entity468 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity5261 has neuroprotective effects against @entity5721 and @entity63 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX on a reperfusion model after transient cerebral ischemia: Temporal evolution on perfusion MR imaging and histopathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5261 :: ('MESH:D000376', 'Chemical') :: ['agmatine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity5261 :: (MESH:D000376,Chemical) :: ['agmatine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Single-shot, fast spin-echo, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (SS-FSE-FLAIR) images are frequently used to detect disease in the brain and subarachnoid space in confused or uncooperative @entity1 who may move during the examination. In some of these @entity1 , high signal intensity areas are seen on good-quality images in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system in locations not associated with high CSF flow. These artifacts may simulate @entity548 or @entity66 . The purpose of this article was to determine the cause of these artifacts, describe ways to recognize them, and find methods to reduce or eliminate them. METHODS: Healthy volunteers were studied on 6 occasions with conventional multisection FSE-FLAIR images and SS-FSE-FLAIR images while at rest and while nodding and rotating their heads at different speeds. In addition, SS-FSE-FLAIR images with different section widths of the initial inverting pulse and a non-section-selective initial inversion pulse were performed with the subjects moving their heads in the same way. The scans of 30 successive @entity1 with @entity16 who had been studied with SS-FSE-FLAIR sequences were reviewed for evidence of high signal intensity in the CSF in regions not associated with high CSF flow. RESULTS: Each of the volunteers showed areas of increased signal intensity in CSF at sites apart from those associated with rapid pulsatile CSF flow on SS-FSE-FLAIR images acquired during head motion. The images were otherwise virtually free of motion artifact. The use of a wider initial inversion pulse section and a non-section-selected initial inversion pulse reduced the extent of these artifacts. Nineteen of the 30 @entity1 showed areas of high signal intensity in the CSF in regions not associated with highly pulsatile CSF flow. Six of these @entity1 had negative lumbar punctures for blood and xanthochromia and normal CSF protein levels. CONCLUSION: High signal intensity artifacts may be seen in CSF as a result of head movement on otherwise artifact-free images when imaging uncooperative @entity1 with SS-FSE-FLAIR sequences. These artifacts have a different mechanism and distribution from those caused by CSF pulsation and may simulate subarachnoid and @entity548 . Artifact recognition is aided by signs of @entity1 motion during the examination. The artifacts can be reduced by use of increased section width and non-section-selective initial inversion pulses. Recognition of these artifacts is important, because the circumstances in which the SS-FSE-FLAIR sequence is used and the particular properties of the sequence may conspire to produce a trap for the unwary.

title: Artifact simulating subarachnoid and XXXX on single-shot, fast spin-echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images caused by head movement: A trap for the unwary.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute neurologic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Light chain @entity2783 ( @entity2783 ) is associated with high mortality. The aim was to identify echocardiographic parameters that predict @entity2783 long-term mortality. METHODS: Forty-two subjects with biopsy-proven @entity2783 (43% were female; aged 61 +/- 12 years) underwent echocardiography and were followed 29 +/- 16 months (median 29.4 months). Standard echocardiographic and clinical parameters and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) class were tested using univariate/multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to identify markers of mortality. RESULTS: Twenty-three subjects died, with a 1-year mortality of 44%. Univariate predictors of mortality were @entity712 class (P < .001), left ventricular systolic ejection time (ET) (P = .002), alkaline phosphatase (P < .001), and @entity492 and @entity493 aminotransferase (P = .003 each). On multivariable analysis, only @entity712 class (hazard ratio [HR] 4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-14.9; P = .006), ET (10 ms increase; HR 0.87; CI, 0.78-0.97; P = .01), and alkaline phosphatase (10 U/L increase; HR 1.04; CI, 1.01-1.06; P = .01) were prognostic. ET <or= 240 ms had a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 90% in predicting 1-year mortality and a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 90% in predicting 1-year cardiac mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity2783 was associated with high long-term mortality. Among echocardiographic and clinical parameters, only ET and alkaline phosphatase had incremental value to @entity712 class in predicting mortality. This may be useful to identify high-risk @entity1 .

title: Left ventricular ejection time on echocardiography predicts long-term mortality in light chain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'amyloidosis', 'AL amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the frequency of cascades of further diagnostic investigations and referrals after abnormal laboratory results in situations of @entity258 probability; (2) to investigate pretest and posttest determinants; and (3) to describe the cascades that occur. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study in primary care in The Netherlands. Numbers of investigations/referrals were recorded during 6 months of follow-up for 256 @entity1 with normal and abnormal laboratory results. The influences of the reason for ordering tests, interpretation of results, and pretest/posttest disease probability were examined. RESULTS: After receiving the laboratory results, the physicians ordered further investigations for 22 (17.3%) @entity1 with abnormal results and for two (1.6%) @entity1 with normal results (P<0.001). They referred 12 (9.4%) @entity1 with abnormal results and eight (6.2%) @entity1 with normal results (P=0.33). Six @entity1 had two investigations and/or referrals, and one @entity1 had three referrals. There were significantly more investigations/referrals for results interpreted as abnormal (P=0.004) and for cases with a high posttest disease probability (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that cascade processes after laboratory testing in situations of @entity258 probability are limited in magnitude and frequency. Improving interpretations may help improve the appropriateness of further investigations and referrals.

title: Cascade effects of laboratory testing are found to be rare in XXXX probability situations: prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low disease']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although discontinuing lipid-lowering treatment can cause preventable morbidity, previously published reports have indicated considerable variability in persistence with @entity1780 use. In general, such reports have been limited by short follow-up periods and modest study populations. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess long-term persistence with statins and to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapy-related factors associated with long-term persistence with @entity1780 treatment in first-time users in Israel. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from adult enrollees of a not-for-profit health maintenance organization and from death certificates in Israel. Eligible @entity1 initiated @entity1780 treatment between 1998 and 2006. Persistence was assessed separately in @entity1 with no indication of a @entity65 (primary prevention) or @entity453 (secondary prevention). Treatment persistence and proportion of days covered (PDC) were measured using the interval between the date of the first prescription dispensation (index date) and the point of discontinuation. RESULTS: Data from 229,918 @entity1 were included (primary prevention, 136,052; secondary prevention, 93,866). The PDC was significantly higher in the secondary-prevention group compared with the primary-prevention group (59% vs 45%; P < 0.001). In both cohorts, persistence continually diminished from the index date through follow-up, with > or = 75% of @entity1 discontinuing @entity1780 therapy by 2 years. Baseline predictors of discontinuation of @entity1780 treatment included younger age, female sex, lower socioeconomic status (SES), absence of @entity6 or @entity101 , no concurrent use of beta-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and less health service utilization. New immigrants and @entity1 in the primary-prevention group who had a baseline low-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentration <130 mg/dL were at increased risk for treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSION: In this study in these @entity1 receiving first-time @entity1780 treatment in Israel, we found poor persistence with statins among both the primary- and secondary-prevention cohorts, especially among new immigrants and @entity1 with low SES despite low out-of-pocket prescription costs and free access to health services.

title: Long-term persistence with XXXX treatment in a not-for-profit health maintenance organization: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1780 :: (CHEBI:35664,Chemical) :: ['statin']


abstract: The conductance catheter (CC) allows thorough evaluation of cardiac function because it simultaneously provides measurements of pressure and volume. Calibration of the volume signal remains challenging. With different calibration techniques, in vivo left ventricular volumes (V(CC)) were measured in @entity19 (n = 52) with a Millar CC (SPR-839) and compared with MRI-derived volumes (V(MRI)). Significant correlations between V(CC) and V(MRI) [end-diastolic volume (EDV): R(2) = 0.85, P < 0.01; end-systolic volume ( @entity5778 ): R(2) = 0.88, P < 0.01] were found when injection of hypertonic saline in the pulmonary artery was used to calibrate for parallel conductance and volume conversion was done by individual cylinder calibration. However, a significant underestimation was observed [EDV = -17.3 microl (-22.7 to -11.9 microl); @entity5778 = -8.8 microl (-12.5 to -5.1 microl)]. Intravenous injection of the hypertonic saline bolus was inferior to injection into the pulmonary artery as a calibration method. Calibration with an independent measurement of @entity64 volume decreased the agreement with V(MRI). Correction for an increase in blood conductivity during the in vivo experiments improved estimation of EDV. The dual-frequency method for estimation of parallel conductance failed to produce V(CC) that correlated with V(MRI). We conclude that selection of the calibration procedure for the CC has significant implications for the accuracy and precision of volume estimation and pressure-volume loop-derived variables like myocardial contractility. Although V(CC) may be underestimated compared with MRI, optimized calibration techniques enable reliable volume estimation with the CC in @entity19 .

title: Left ventricular volume measurement in XXXX by conductance catheter: evaluation and optimization of calibration.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although both gender- and sports-specific @entity130 exist among @entity2587 , gender differences in the types of @entity130 caused by sports activities, except for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and anterior knee @entity158 , are not well established. OBJECTIVE: An observational study with a retrospective case-series design was conducted to investigate gender-specific differences in the types of @entity130 sustained while engaging in sports activities common to both males and females. METHODS: We analyzed @entity130 sustained during sports activities including basketball, volleyball, tennis, skiing, track and field, and swimming, using data on age, sex, sports activities, activity levels, and @entity2587 that had been computerized at our sports medicine (orthopedics) clinic. Inclusion criteria were sports activities that had a record of >100 @entity130 in total and @entity2587 aged <50 years who were engaging in only 1 sports activity. We determined the absolute number of @entity1 in each category and their percentage (proportion) of our cohort. The proportions of common @entity130 caused by sports activities were investigated, and gender-specific differences in the types of common @entity130 caused by sports activities were clarified. The Fisher exact test was used to determine the significance (P < 0.01) of the gender-specific differences in the types of @entity2587 . RESULTS: According to our database, during the 14-year period between October 1992 and December 2006, a total of 2,989 @entity2587 (1,624 males and 1,365 females) aged <50 years who engaged in 1 of the 6 sports activities described consulted our sports medicine clinic. The most common @entity2587 were @entity130 (14.3%) and knee @entity158 (13.7%), followed by @entity3681 (9.4%), @entity1798 (7.0%), @entity130 (5.1%), @entity1642 (2.9%), @entity1643 (2.5%), @entity924 (2.1%), injury of the medial collateral ligament of the knee (2.0%), lumbar spondylolysis (1.7%), and @entity121 (1.5%). Among these 11 types of @entity2587 , a significantly higher proportion of females who engaged in basketball (24.4% vs 10.5%), volleyball (20.5% vs 4.5%), or skiing (41.4% vs 26.5%) presented with an @entity130 , compared with their male counterparts (all, P < 0.001). There was also a significantly higher proportion of females than of males among the track and field @entity2587 who presented with @entity1642 (18.7% vs 3.9%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this retrospective study suggest that there are gender-specific differences in the types of @entity130 sustained during sports activities.

title: Retrospective case evaluation of gender differences in XXXX in a Japanese sports medicine clinic.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle strain']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['patellar tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['athletes', 'sports injuries']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures', 'stress fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscus injury', 'injuries', 'ACL injury']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['sports injuries']


abstract: The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of @entity49836 (20:3Delta(5,11,14); SA), an unusual non- @entity845 -interrupted @entity844 with pharmaceutical potential similar to @entity1426 . Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C(20) Delta(5cis)-desaturase from developing seeds of A. leveillei were functionally characterized in transgenic @entity958 ( @entity958 ) plants. The open reading frames of both Delta(5)-desaturases showed some similarity to presumptive @entity8595 ( @entity9931 ) desaturases found in animals and plants. When expressed in transgenic @entity958 , AL21 showed a broad range of substrate specificity, utilizing both saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and unsaturated (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) substrates. In contrast, AL10 did not show any activity in wild-type @entity958 . Coexpression of AL10 or AL21 with a C(18) Delta(9)-elongase in transgenic @entity958 plants resulted in the production of SA and juniperonic @entity844 (20:4Delta(5,11,14,17)). Thus, AL10 acted only on C(20) @entity1474 in a manner analogous to "front-end" desaturases. However, neither AL10 nor AL21 contain the cytochrome b(5) domain normally present in this class of enzymes. @entity8595 profiling of transgenic @entity958 plants and developing A. leveillei seeds revealed significant accumulation of Delta(5)-unsaturated fatty acids as acyl-CoAs compared to the accumulation of these @entity1718 in total lipids. Positional analysis of @entity1674 of A. leveillei seeds showed that Delta(5)-desaturated fatty acids were present in both sn-2 and sn-1 + sn-3 positions, although the majority of 16:1Delta(5), 18:1Delta(5), and SA was present at the sn-2 position. Our data provide biochemical evidence for the A. leveillei Delta(5)-desaturases using @entity8595 substrates.

title: Cloning and characterization of unusual XXXX desaturases from Anemone leveillei: identification of an @entity8595 C20 Delta5-desaturase responsible for the synthesis of @entity49836 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity49836 :: ('MESH:C045533', 'Chemical') :: ['sciadonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8595 :: ('MESH:D000214', 'Chemical') :: ['acyl-coenzyme A', 'Acyl-CoA', 'acyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of @entity49836 (20:3Delta(5,11,14); SA), an unusual non- @entity845 -interrupted @entity844 with pharmaceutical potential similar to @entity1426 . Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C(20) Delta(5cis)-desaturase from developing seeds of A. leveillei were functionally characterized in transgenic @entity958 ( @entity958 ) plants. The open reading frames of both Delta(5)-desaturases showed some similarity to presumptive @entity8595 ( @entity9931 ) desaturases found in animals and plants. When expressed in transgenic @entity958 , AL21 showed a broad range of substrate specificity, utilizing both saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and unsaturated (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) substrates. In contrast, AL10 did not show any activity in wild-type @entity958 . Coexpression of AL10 or AL21 with a C(18) Delta(9)-elongase in transgenic @entity958 plants resulted in the production of SA and juniperonic @entity844 (20:4Delta(5,11,14,17)). Thus, AL10 acted only on C(20) @entity1474 in a manner analogous to "front-end" desaturases. However, neither AL10 nor AL21 contain the cytochrome b(5) domain normally present in this class of enzymes. @entity8595 profiling of transgenic @entity958 plants and developing A. leveillei seeds revealed significant accumulation of Delta(5)-unsaturated fatty acids as acyl-CoAs compared to the accumulation of these @entity1718 in total lipids. Positional analysis of @entity1674 of A. leveillei seeds showed that Delta(5)-desaturated fatty acids were present in both sn-2 and sn-1 + sn-3 positions, although the majority of 16:1Delta(5), 18:1Delta(5), and SA was present at the sn-2 position. Our data provide biochemical evidence for the A. leveillei Delta(5)-desaturases using @entity8595 substrates.

title: Cloning and characterization of unusual @entity844 desaturases from Anemone leveillei: identification of an @entity8595 C20 Delta5-desaturase responsible for the synthesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity49836 :: (MESH:C045533,Chemical) :: ['sciadonic acid']


abstract: The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of @entity49836 (20:3Delta(5,11,14); SA), an unusual non- @entity845 -interrupted @entity844 with pharmaceutical potential similar to @entity1426 . Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C(20) Delta(5cis)-desaturase from developing seeds of A. leveillei were functionally characterized in transgenic @entity958 ( @entity958 ) plants. The open reading frames of both Delta(5)-desaturases showed some similarity to presumptive @entity8595 ( @entity9931 ) desaturases found in animals and plants. When expressed in transgenic @entity958 , AL21 showed a broad range of substrate specificity, utilizing both saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and unsaturated (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) substrates. In contrast, AL10 did not show any activity in wild-type @entity958 . Coexpression of AL10 or AL21 with a C(18) Delta(9)-elongase in transgenic @entity958 plants resulted in the production of SA and juniperonic @entity844 (20:4Delta(5,11,14,17)). Thus, AL10 acted only on C(20) @entity1474 in a manner analogous to "front-end" desaturases. However, neither AL10 nor AL21 contain the cytochrome b(5) domain normally present in this class of enzymes. @entity8595 profiling of transgenic @entity958 plants and developing A. leveillei seeds revealed significant accumulation of Delta(5)-unsaturated fatty acids as acyl-CoAs compared to the accumulation of these @entity1718 in total lipids. Positional analysis of @entity1674 of A. leveillei seeds showed that Delta(5)-desaturated fatty acids were present in both sn-2 and sn-1 + sn-3 positions, although the majority of 16:1Delta(5), 18:1Delta(5), and SA was present at the sn-2 position. Our data provide biochemical evidence for the A. leveillei Delta(5)-desaturases using @entity8595 substrates.

title: Cloning and characterization of unusual @entity844 desaturases from Anemone leveillei: identification of an XXXX C20 Delta5-desaturase responsible for the synthesis of @entity49836 .

answer: @entity8595 :: (MESH:D000214,Chemical) :: ['acyl-coenzyme A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the compound strength of the fixation between 2 blocks of synthetic bone using ultrasound activated resorbable pins (regarding drill hole diameter) and compare them to fixation with @entity702 miniscrews. Resorbable pins were up to 17 mm long. STUDY DESIGN: Two synthetic bone blocks (Sawbone) were fixed by either a resorbable @entity7894 or miniscrew osteosynthesis. Maximum tensile forces were determined mechanically. @entity7894 lengths of 7 mm, 11 mm, and 17 mm were analyzed in relation to different drill hole diameters. RESULTS: The ideal drill hole configuration was a combination of diameters of 2.1/1.6 mm (in a lag screw configuration). Mean maximum tensile force was 80 N for 7 mm pins (105 N/11 mm, 69 N/17 mm). In comparison, tensile forces of @entity702 screws were 20 N (7 mm), 97 N (11 mm), and 135 N (17 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Osteosynthesis by resorbable pins reached equal compound strength levels compared with @entity702 miniscrews. This in vitro study was the basis for a clinical trial of ultrasound-guided resorbable @entity7894 osteosynthesis.

title: Bone block fixation by ultrasound activated resorbable XXXX osteosynthesis: a biomechanical in vitro analysis of stability.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity7894 :: (8655,Gene) :: ['pin']


abstract: The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a multifunctional viral gene product that encapsidates the RNA genome and also plays some as yet not fully defined role in viral RNA replication and/or transcription. A number of conserved negatively charged @entity1522 are located within domain III in the @entity1473 end of all coronavirus N proteins. Previous studies suggested that the negatively charged residues are involved in virus assembly by mediating interaction between the membrane (M) protein @entity1473 tail and nucleocapsids. To determine the importance of these negatively charged residues, a series of @entity493 and other charged-residue substitutions were introduced in place of those in the N gene within a @entity19 @entity99 coronavirus A59 infectious clone. @entity2574 residues 440 and 441 were identified as functionally important. Viruses could not be isolated when both residues were replaced by positively charged @entity1522 . When either @entity535 was replaced by a positively charged residue or both were changed to @entity493 , viruses were recovered that contained second-site changes within N, but not in the M or envelope protein. The compensatory role of the new changes was confirmed by the construction of new viruses. A few viruses were recovered that retained the D441-to- @entity369 change and no compensatory changes. These viruses exhibited a small-plaque phenotype and produced significantly less virus. Overall, results from our analysis of a large panel of plaque-purified recovered viruses indicate that the negatively charged residues at positions 440 and 441 are key residues that appear to be involved in virus assembly.

title: Identification of functionally important negatively charged residues in the @entity1473 end of @entity19 XXXX coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a multifunctional viral gene product that encapsidates the RNA genome and also plays some as yet not fully defined role in viral RNA replication and/or transcription. A number of conserved negatively charged @entity1522 are located within domain III in the @entity1473 end of all coronavirus N proteins. Previous studies suggested that the negatively charged residues are involved in virus assembly by mediating interaction between the membrane (M) protein @entity1473 tail and nucleocapsids. To determine the importance of these negatively charged residues, a series of @entity493 and other charged-residue substitutions were introduced in place of those in the N gene within a @entity19 @entity99 coronavirus A59 infectious clone. @entity2574 residues 440 and 441 were identified as functionally important. Viruses could not be isolated when both residues were replaced by positively charged @entity1522 . When either @entity535 was replaced by a positively charged residue or both were changed to @entity493 , viruses were recovered that contained second-site changes within N, but not in the M or envelope protein. The compensatory role of the new changes was confirmed by the construction of new viruses. A few viruses were recovered that retained the D441-to- @entity369 change and no compensatory changes. These viruses exhibited a small-plaque phenotype and produced significantly less virus. Overall, results from our analysis of a large panel of plaque-purified recovered viruses indicate that the negatively charged residues at positions 440 and 441 are key residues that appear to be involved in virus assembly.

title: Identification of functionally important negatively charged residues in the XXXX end of @entity19 @entity99 coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein.

answer: @entity1473 :: (CHEBI:46883,Chemical) :: ['carboxy']


abstract: The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a multifunctional viral gene product that encapsidates the RNA genome and also plays some as yet not fully defined role in viral RNA replication and/or transcription. A number of conserved negatively charged @entity1522 are located within domain III in the @entity1473 end of all coronavirus N proteins. Previous studies suggested that the negatively charged residues are involved in virus assembly by mediating interaction between the membrane (M) protein @entity1473 tail and nucleocapsids. To determine the importance of these negatively charged residues, a series of @entity493 and other charged-residue substitutions were introduced in place of those in the N gene within a @entity19 @entity99 coronavirus A59 infectious clone. @entity2574 residues 440 and 441 were identified as functionally important. Viruses could not be isolated when both residues were replaced by positively charged @entity1522 . When either @entity535 was replaced by a positively charged residue or both were changed to @entity493 , viruses were recovered that contained second-site changes within N, but not in the M or envelope protein. The compensatory role of the new changes was confirmed by the construction of new viruses. A few viruses were recovered that retained the D441-to- @entity369 change and no compensatory changes. These viruses exhibited a small-plaque phenotype and produced significantly less virus. Overall, results from our analysis of a large panel of plaque-purified recovered viruses indicate that the negatively charged residues at positions 440 and 441 are key residues that appear to be involved in virus assembly.

title: Identification of functionally important negatively charged residues in the @entity1473 end of XXXX @entity99 coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']