abstract: The CCAAT cis-element and its adjacent DNA sequence (-82 to -52 bp) in the @entity1 @entity10116 gene ( @entity10116 ) promoter are active in both decidualized @entity1 endometrial stromal cells and HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cells, CCAAT activity is mediated by interacting with hepatocyte nuclear factor, @entity5448 . In endometrial cells, this region is protected by the nuclear extracts of endometrial decidual cells, however, the transactivator which interacts with the region has not been identified. This study was carried out to characterize and identify the stromal/decidual nuclear proteins that interact with the @entity10116 CCAAT motif. Gel shift analysis showed that the CCAAT motif (-82 to -52 bp) formed three specific complexes (CI, CII, and CIII) by extracts from @entity1 endometrial decidual or stromal cells. The intensity of CIII formed by the nuclear extracts of decidual cells was less compared to that formed by stromal cells whereas CI/CII was found to be opposite. To evaluate the transcription factors that bind to this region, a number of known CCAAT binding proteins were tested. Among them, the CCAAT binding proteins NF-Y (alpha2(1) collagen promoter CCAAT binding protein) and CBF (hsp70 promoter CCAAT binding protein), were characterized by the gel shift assay. The NF-Y consensus binding sequence (the alpha2(1) collagen promoter) and @entity46992 ,B antibody abolished or shifted CIII. Although the CBF consensus binding sequence (the hsp70 promoter) eliminated all three complexes, the antibody to CBF had no effect on all three complexes. The nuclear extracts of the endometrial stromal/decidual cells did not form a band corresponding to the @entity5448 /CCAAT complex. These results indicate that the CCAAT motif binds to NF-Y and the CI/CII binding protein (remains to be identified) but not @entity5448 in endometrium. Systematic mutation in the CCAAT motif showed that NF-Y(CIII binding protein) bound to the 12 bp sequence GGCGCTGCCAAT(-79 to -68 bp) and the CI/CII binding protein bound to 9 bp, TGCCAATCA(-74 to -66 bp). These findings indicate that the CCAAT motif is a composite element. The CCAAT mediated function was analyzed in decidualized endometrial stromal cells. Mutations in the CCAAT motif increased the promoter activity. The maximum activity was found in mutants which abolished the NF-Y complex. The CCAAT core sequence mutants in which both CIII and CI/CII were abolished, also increased the promoter activity. Results indicated that NF-Y and the CI/CII binding protein, yet to be identified, interact with the composite CCAAT element in the @entity10116 promoter to repress the promoter activity in endometrial decidual cells.

title: Partial characterization of the CCAAT box in the promoter of the hLGFBP-1 gene: interaction with negatively acting transcription factors in decidualized XXXX endometrial stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-1', 'insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We investigated the possible clinical correlates between the serum LH concentration and characteristics of frailty and determined the presence and concentration of a genetic LH variant in an independently living population of elderly @entity1 . After exclusion of subjects with severe mobility problems and signs of @entity303 , 403 healthy @entity1 (aged 73-94 yr) were randomly selected from a population-based sample. Total @entity251 (T), @entity443 ( @entity443 ), and leptin were determined by RIA. Non- @entity443 -bound T was calculated. LH and the presence of the genetic LH variant were measured using immunofluorometric assays. The characteristics of frailty were leg extensor strength using dynamometry, bone mineral density of total body and proximal femur, and body composition, including lean mass and fat mass, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Disability was further assessed by the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire and by a measure of physical performance. LH significantly increased with age and inversely correlated with T and non- @entity443 -bound T. LH was inversely related to muscle strength and lean mass, and both relations were independent of T. LH was positively related to self-reported disability (Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire); 12.5% of the study population was heterozygous for the LH variant allele. T levels and the degree of frailty were not different in the wild-type LH group compared with the heterozygote LH variant group. A significant positive relation between LH and fat mass as well as leptin was only present in the heterozygote LH variant group. In conclusion, serum LH levels increases with age in independently living elderly @entity1 and correlates inversely with a variety of indicators of frailty. The observed relation between LH and frailty, independent of T, suggests that LH reflects serum @entity342 activity in a different way than T, possibly reflecting more closely the combined feedback effect of @entity172 and @entity342 . A difference in biological response between the two LH forms is suggested, as a difference exists in the relation between LH and fat mass, respectively, and leptin in the heterozygote LH variant subjects vs. the wild-type LH subjects.

title: Luteinizing hormone and different genetic variants, as indicators of frailty in healthy elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discover whether chiropractors consider that emotional factors are associated with @entity158 presentations in their @entity1 and if so, what methods they use to investigate these factors and what strategies they use to manage them. DESIGN: A telephone survey of chiropractors in Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) and North America (America and Canada). A database of practitioners was obtained for each region. A phoning protocol was established in each region to standardize the survey approach. SETTING: Private practice of chiropractic. METHOD: Chiropractic centers were telephoned and the attending chiropractor(s) were asked to complete a phone survey. The survey consisted of a series of short questions designed to establish the main techniques used in the practice. Questions focused on whether emotional factors of the @entity1 were recognized and addressed and what role emotional factors play in the management of the @entity1 . SAMPLE: Subjects were registered/licensed chiropractors listed in a publication of the largest association of practitioners in their region. RESULTS: In Australasia and North America just under half of practitioners surveyed (45.8% and 50.5% respectively) used a technique to evaluate any impacting emotions on the presenting condition. Additionally, 36.3% of Australasia and 33.3% of North America practitioners had a technique to treat emotional factors in the @entity1 . The study also suggests that over 90% of Australasian chiropractors and 80% of North America chiropractors consider emotional factors important in @entity158 presentations. CONCLUSION: This study found that a substantial number (80-90%) of the chiropractors surveyed believe that emotional factors influence @entity158 syndromes. However, less than half of these practitioners report that they are able to evaluate emotional factors and approximately only a third report that they are able to treat them. This study shows there is a need for further research of chiropractors to be able to evaluate emotional factors and techniques that can be used to rectify emotional components of their @entity1 ' @entity158 syndromes.

title: Practitioner perceptions of emotions associated with XXXX : a survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present preliminary clinical, histochemical and molecular findings for 5 @entity1 with @entity150 , a rare histological variant not widely recognized in the urological literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 5 @entity1 were prospectively identified. In 3 cases immunohistochemical staining for expression of @entity2279 , @entity876 , @entity5962 , beta and gamma-catenin was performed on paraffin embedded tissue. Sequencing was used to identify point mutations in exons 5 to 9 of @entity876 , and exons 1 and 2 of @entity8498 . RESULTS: Of the @entity1 2 died within 1 year of presentation to our institution with rapid local extension along the bladder serosal surface and ureteral sheaths. Another @entity1 had progression to invasive disease within 22 months. In the 3 cases with immunohistochemical staining @entity876 was negative, despite positive staining of nonmicropapillary transitional cell @entity189 within the same specimen. Stains for the angiotrophic marker @entity2279 were negative. In all 3 cases normal membrane associated alpha, beta and gamma-catenin expression was present. Examination of @entity876 sequences revealed a single point mutation in exon 8 of 1 case. In 2 cases different mutations in exon 1 of @entity8498 were noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1606 is a rare and highly aggressive variant. @entity2121 , our study demonstrated no significant @entity876 abnormalities. The lacunar histological pattern did not appear to represent invasion of vascular spaces. Rather, these @entity5 seemed to have the ability to disrupt and replace the normal stromal matrix to achieve rapid nonendothelial extension. Thus, micropapillary histology may predict a lesser likelihood of surgical cure.

title: Clinical and pathological characteristics of XXXX : a highly aggressive variant.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5962 :: ('999', 'Gene') :: ['E-cadherin, and alpha']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1358 accounts for 3% of @entity5 and 95% of @entity5 arising from the kidney. One third of the @entity1 have @entity3 at the time of presentation and are asymptomatic with the diagnosis being made incidentally from a radiologic study obtained for other reasons. Typically, skeletal metastases are purely lytic. It is common for cases of @entity615 to be managed in chiropractic clinics. The diagnosis of @entity3 is to be considered as a differential, especially in an aging population. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 69-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity615 after a twisting movement while working. He presented for chiropractic care 2 weeks later. He had a 10-year history of @entity1643 and a 2-month history of weakness at the knee. Plain film radiography was assessed as negative for pathology by a medical radiologist and a chiropractic radiologist. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: After 6 visits of care using atlas orthogonal adjusting, the outcome assessment revealed improvement in the @entity158 but a regression in strength of the right quadriceps and peroneus muscles. The @entity1 was referred for a magnetic resonance imaging study, which revealed a mass on the kidney and a large erosive @entity79 of the L4 vertebrae. The diagnosis of @entity1358 was later confirmed. CONCLUSION: Progressive @entity425 is one of the "red flag" signs in a @entity615 case. @entity1442 is necessary to detect occult diseases processes such as @entity1358 . The chiropractor's role as primary care clinician includes the process of clinical reasoning and appropriate referral when the clinical picture becomes unclear and/or "red flag" signs appear.

title: A case study of @entity615 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'adult malignancy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced imaging']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1358 accounts for 3% of @entity5 and 95% of @entity5 arising from the kidney. One third of the @entity1 have @entity3 at the time of presentation and are asymptomatic with the diagnosis being made incidentally from a radiologic study obtained for other reasons. Typically, skeletal metastases are purely lytic. It is common for cases of @entity615 to be managed in chiropractic clinics. The diagnosis of @entity3 is to be considered as a differential, especially in an aging population. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 69-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity615 after a twisting movement while working. He presented for chiropractic care 2 weeks later. He had a 10-year history of @entity1643 and a 2-month history of weakness at the knee. Plain film radiography was assessed as negative for pathology by a medical radiologist and a chiropractic radiologist. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: After 6 visits of care using atlas orthogonal adjusting, the outcome assessment revealed improvement in the @entity158 but a regression in strength of the right quadriceps and peroneus muscles. The @entity1 was referred for a magnetic resonance imaging study, which revealed a mass on the kidney and a large erosive @entity79 of the L4 vertebrae. The diagnosis of @entity1358 was later confirmed. CONCLUSION: Progressive @entity425 is one of the "red flag" signs in a @entity615 case. @entity1442 is necessary to detect occult diseases processes such as @entity1358 . The chiropractor's role as primary care clinician includes the process of clinical reasoning and appropriate referral when the clinical picture becomes unclear and/or "red flag" signs appear.

title: A case study of XXXX and @entity1358 .

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compare general and disease specific health related quality of life in @entity1 undergoing brachytherapy for early @entity5 to those undergoing radical prostatectomy and age matched healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cohorts consisted of 48 @entity1 treated with brachytherapy with and without pretreatment external beam radiation therapy (brachytherapy group), 74 who underwent radical prostatectomy (prostatectomy group) and age matched healthy controls from the literature. The RAND 36-item general health survey, University of California Los Angeles @entity263 Index, American Urological Association symptom index, validated @entity5 Interference with Life and Family Scales, and sociodemographic and co-morbidity questionnaires were completed 3 to 17 months after treatment. RESULTS: General health related quality of life did not differ greatly among the 3 groups. Urinary function (leakage) was worse in the brachytherapy group than in controls but better than in the prostatectomy group. Brachytherapy group @entity1 had more irritative urinary symptoms and worse bowel function than controls. Sexual function and bother were worse in prostatectomy and brachytherapy groups than in healthy controls. Physical function, bodily @entity158 , urinary function, and bother and American Urological Association symptom index scores improved with time after brachytherapy. @entity1 who underwent brachytherapy after external beam radiation performed worse in all general and disease specific health related quality of life domains compared to those who did not undergo pretreatment radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: At an average of 7.5 months after treatment the general health related quality of life of @entity1 undergoing brachytherapy with and without pretreatment external beam radiation was similar to age matched controls, although urinary, bowel and sexual problems were reported. These problems appeared to improve during the first year after treatment. Much of the impairment in disease specific health related quality of life among @entity1 undergoing brachytherapy may be attributed to pretreatment radiation.

title: Quality of life outcomes after brachytherapy for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage prostate cancer']


abstract: The fragile @entity3793 triad ( @entity21900 ) gene located at the 3p14.2 locus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . The objective of this study was to analyze loss of heterozygosity and @entity21900 gene methylation status and correlate them to @entity21900 expression. Bronchoscopically obtained lung biopsies from 30 cases of histologically proven @entity2 in stage III were assessed for the alterations in the @entity21900 gene. @entity21900 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and transcript levels were determined by reverse transcription-PCR. Microsattelite alterations and methylation status of the @entity21900 gene promoter was determined by PCR. Loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus was observed in all the 30 cases at least by one of the three microsatellite polymorphic markers. The @entity21900 gene promoter showed complete methylation in 37% cases and partial methylation in 47% cases, and 16% cases showed no promoter methylation. @entity21900 full-length coding region (exons 5-9) transcripts were present in eight cases (26.6%), and aberrant transcripts were additionally seen in four cases. Loss of @entity21900 mRNA expression correlated to @entity21900 promoter methylation but not to loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus. There was a strong correlation between the expression of @entity21900 at the transcript and protein level. The apoptotic index estimated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay was significantly correlated to the @entity21900 protein expression. The results of this study indicate that in locally advanced @entity2 , there is frequent loss of @entity21900 expression, and methylation of the @entity21900 gene promoter is an important mechanism of its inactivation.

title: Loss of fragile @entity3793 triad gene expression in advanced XXXX is consequent to allelic loss at 3p14 locus and promoter methylation.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The fragile @entity3793 triad ( @entity21900 ) gene located at the 3p14.2 locus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . The objective of this study was to analyze loss of heterozygosity and @entity21900 gene methylation status and correlate them to @entity21900 expression. Bronchoscopically obtained lung biopsies from 30 cases of histologically proven @entity2 in stage III were assessed for the alterations in the @entity21900 gene. @entity21900 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and transcript levels were determined by reverse transcription-PCR. Microsattelite alterations and methylation status of the @entity21900 gene promoter was determined by PCR. Loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus was observed in all the 30 cases at least by one of the three microsatellite polymorphic markers. The @entity21900 gene promoter showed complete methylation in 37% cases and partial methylation in 47% cases, and 16% cases showed no promoter methylation. @entity21900 full-length coding region (exons 5-9) transcripts were present in eight cases (26.6%), and aberrant transcripts were additionally seen in four cases. Loss of @entity21900 mRNA expression correlated to @entity21900 promoter methylation but not to loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus. There was a strong correlation between the expression of @entity21900 at the transcript and protein level. The apoptotic index estimated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay was significantly correlated to the @entity21900 protein expression. The results of this study indicate that in locally advanced @entity2 , there is frequent loss of @entity21900 expression, and methylation of the @entity21900 gene promoter is an important mechanism of its inactivation.

title: Loss of fragile XXXX triad gene expression in advanced @entity2 is consequent to allelic loss at 3p14 locus and promoter methylation.

answer: @entity3793 :: (CHEBI:27570,Chemical) :: ['histidine']


abstract: @entity3 in the inner auditory canal (IAC), or more precisely in the pontocerebellar angle (PCA) is extremely rare. Indeed @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ), @entity1653 and other types of benign neoformations, in decreasing order, account for nearly all expansive pathologies in this anatomical region. The present paper reports a clinical case of a @entity1 with the sudden onset of an @entity393 in the right ear. This @entity393 was promptly followed by @entity3541 . The function of both @entity129 worsened progressively and rapidly. Cerebral radiology, performed with MRI and the administration of @entity2287 , showed a @entity5513 -compatible neoformation fundamentally affecting the IAC. However, histological tests performed after surgery indicated an @entity420 . Post-operative instrumental tests identified the primary @entity5 in the lower lobe of the right lung. The purpose of this work was to highlight, in view of the literature on the topic, the main clinical aspects to consider when a malignant expansion is suspected in the PCA. Naturally there is greater basis for such suspicion when a primary @entity5 has previously been diagnosed. Generally @entity5513 progresses quite gradually, in line with an extremely slow growth rate. Therefore it is normally seen in a progressive worsening of hearing, @entity392 and equilibrium disorders. Appearance of a @entity2103 is strictly limited to relatively large @entity5 and is encountered at a later stage. This is why a rapid progression of @entity2167 accompanied, or promptly followed, by complete @entity3541 must alert one to the possibility of a @entity5 . Imaging does not permit easy pre-operative diagnosis since the radiological signs and morphologies are often quite similar to those produced by @entity5513 . Therefore, post-operative histological examination can hold some surprises.

title: [ XXXX in the inner auditory canal].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm', 'PCA malignancy', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis of the homolateral facial nerve', 'facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The 32-bp deletion allele in @entity5075 has been associated with several immune-mediated diseases and might be implicated in @entity161 as well. METHOD: The authors genotyped DNA samples from 268 @entity161 @entity1 and 323 healthy subjects. Age at first admission to a psychiatric hospital department served as a measure of disease onset. RESULTS: @entity1 and comparison subjects differed marginally in their genotype distribution, with a slightly higher frequency of the deletion allele seen in the @entity1 . The authors found the deletion allele to be associated with higher age at first admission. After age at first admission was analyzed as a continuous variable, it was dichotomized using 40 years as the cutoff. With this approach the authors found that genotype distributions of @entity1 with age at first admission above the cutoff (possible cases of late-onset @entity161 ) and healthy subjects differed significantly. This was reflected in an increased frequency of the deletion allele in the @entity1 subgroup. @entity1 with ages at first admission below and above 40 years significantly differed in distribution of genotypes and alleles, with an overrepresentation of the deletion allele in the latter subgroup of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the @entity5075 32-bp deletion allele is a susceptibility factor for @entity161 with late onset. Alternatively, the @entity5075 32-bp deletion allele may act as a modifier by delaying the onset of @entity161 without affecting the disease susceptibility.

title: Association between the XXXX 32-bp deletion allele and late onset of @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity5075 :: ('1234', 'Gene') :: ['CCR5', 'chemokine receptor CCR5']

answer: @entity5075 :: (1234,Gene) :: ['CCR5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The 32-bp deletion allele in @entity5075 has been associated with several immune-mediated diseases and might be implicated in @entity161 as well. METHOD: The authors genotyped DNA samples from 268 @entity161 @entity1 and 323 healthy subjects. Age at first admission to a psychiatric hospital department served as a measure of disease onset. RESULTS: @entity1 and comparison subjects differed marginally in their genotype distribution, with a slightly higher frequency of the deletion allele seen in the @entity1 . The authors found the deletion allele to be associated with higher age at first admission. After age at first admission was analyzed as a continuous variable, it was dichotomized using 40 years as the cutoff. With this approach the authors found that genotype distributions of @entity1 with age at first admission above the cutoff (possible cases of late-onset @entity161 ) and healthy subjects differed significantly. This was reflected in an increased frequency of the deletion allele in the @entity1 subgroup. @entity1 with ages at first admission below and above 40 years significantly differed in distribution of genotypes and alleles, with an overrepresentation of the deletion allele in the latter subgroup of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the @entity5075 32-bp deletion allele is a susceptibility factor for @entity161 with late onset. Alternatively, the @entity5075 32-bp deletion allele may act as a modifier by delaying the onset of @entity161 without affecting the disease susceptibility.

title: Association between the @entity5075 32-bp deletion allele and late onset of XXXX .

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: 1. @entity11682 chemotherapy controls the bacterial component of combined infection with @entity683 virus and pneumococci in @entity35 . 2. Reinstillation of fluid (broth, physiological salt solution) into the respiratory passages of @entity19 several days after sublethal @entity1800 converts the @entity1800 into a lethal one. 3. @entity11682 chemotherapy controls the @entity2348 of @entity19 , produced by intrabronchial inoculation of mixtures of bacteria and sublethal or lethal doses of virus. 4. @entity2028 may be superimposed upon sublethal @entity1800 in @entity19 by inhalation of fine droplets of bacterial suspension several days after inoculation of virus. Normal @entity19 inhaling fine droplets of bacterial suspension fail to develop obvious disease. 5. @entity11682 chemotheiapy controls bacterial @entity55 superimposed on sublethal @entity1800 by inhalation of fine droplets of bacterial culture. 6. The secondary bacterial penumonia does not convert the sublethal @entity1800 into a lethal one. 7. If another pandemic of @entity683 occurs, it is probable that @entity11682 chemotherapy will be valuable in the treatment of secondary bacterial @entity55 and will be effective in lowering the case fatality @entity1800 is not severe enough by itself to cause @entity204 .

title: XXXX CHEMOTHERAPY OF COMBINED INFECTION WITH INFLUENZA VIRUS AND BACTERIA.

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfonamide', 'sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial component of combined bacterial and viral infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['rate if the viral component of the infection', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial pneumonia']

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['SULFONAMIDE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Deficits in emotion processing are a hallmark of @entity161 , with consequences for social functioning and subjective well-being. However, their specificity and characteristics have not been ascertained psychometrically. The authors' purpose was to examine a differential deficit for processing emotional facets of the face compared to judgment of nonemotional features (age) and facial memory. The authors also sought to establish whether the deficit affects sensitivity or specificity of performance. METHOD: @entity1 were 20 @entity1 with @entity161 and 20 healthy subjects matched for age, gender, and parental education. The authors examined emotional discrimination abilities compared to age discrimination and recognition memory for faces with standardized faces displaying the universal emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Percent correct in each condition and for each emotion were assessed as well as sensitivity (correct identification of a target emotion) and specificity (correct rejection of a nontarget emotion) for emotion recognition. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity161 were @entity73 in the discrimination of emotional aspects of facial expressions compared to nonemotional aspects and memory. Within the emotional task, @entity1 showed @entity73 in specificity and insensitivity to the emotion displayed. CONCLUSIONS: When identical stimuli were used across tasks, @entity73 was seen in @entity1 with @entity161 for processing emotional faces, although the nonemotional task proved harder for both groups. Impairment in the specificity of emotion identification may lead to misunderstanding of social communication and may underlie difficulties in social adjustment experienced by @entity1 with @entity161 . Emotion discrimination tests could augment the neurobehavioral evaluation of @entity1 .

title: Impairment in the specificity of emotion processing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['differentially impaired', 'differential impairment']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The CARESS ( @entity1397 and @entity117 for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial proved the effectiveness of the combination of @entity1397 and @entity117 compared with @entity117 alone in reducing presence and number of @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) in @entity1 with recently symptomatic @entity543 . The present study aimed at installing primary and secondary quality control measures in CARESS because @entity7303 evaluation relies on subjective judgment by @entity1 experts. METHODS: As primary quality control, centers participating in CARESS evaluated a reference digital audio tape (DAT) before the study containing both @entity7303 and artifacts. Interobserver agreement of classifying signals as @entity7303 was expressed as proportions of specific agreement of positive ratings (ps+/-values). For all DATs included in CARESS (n=300), online number of @entity7303 and off-line number of @entity7303 read by the central reader were compared using correlation coefficients. As secondary control, a sample of 16 of 300 DATs was cross-validated by another independent reader (post-trial validator). RESULTS: For the reference tape, the cumulative ps+/-value was 0.894 based on 12 of 14 observers. Two observers with very different results improved after a training procedure. Agreement between post-trial validator and central reader was ps+=0.805, indicating very good agreement. Correlation between online evaluation and off-line evaluation of DATs was very good overall (cumulative rho=0.84; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter studies using @entity7303 as outcome parameter are feasible. However, primary and secondary quality control procedures are important.

title: The use of embolic signal detection in multicenter trials to evaluate antiplatelet efficacy: signal analysis and quality control mechanisms in the CARESS ( @entity1397 and XXXX for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['microembolic signals', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The CARESS ( @entity1397 and @entity117 for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial proved the effectiveness of the combination of @entity1397 and @entity117 compared with @entity117 alone in reducing presence and number of @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) in @entity1 with recently symptomatic @entity543 . The present study aimed at installing primary and secondary quality control measures in CARESS because @entity7303 evaluation relies on subjective judgment by @entity1 experts. METHODS: As primary quality control, centers participating in CARESS evaluated a reference digital audio tape (DAT) before the study containing both @entity7303 and artifacts. Interobserver agreement of classifying signals as @entity7303 was expressed as proportions of specific agreement of positive ratings (ps+/-values). For all DATs included in CARESS (n=300), online number of @entity7303 and off-line number of @entity7303 read by the central reader were compared using correlation coefficients. As secondary control, a sample of 16 of 300 DATs was cross-validated by another independent reader (post-trial validator). RESULTS: For the reference tape, the cumulative ps+/-value was 0.894 based on 12 of 14 observers. Two observers with very different results improved after a training procedure. Agreement between post-trial validator and central reader was ps+=0.805, indicating very good agreement. Correlation between online evaluation and off-line evaluation of DATs was very good overall (cumulative rho=0.84; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter studies using @entity7303 as outcome parameter are feasible. However, primary and secondary quality control procedures are important.

title: The use of embolic signal detection in multicenter trials to evaluate antiplatelet efficacy: signal analysis and quality control mechanisms in the CARESS ( XXXX and @entity117 for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial.

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['Clopidogrel']


abstract: @entity16663 ( @entity16663 ) is a rare disease that is difficult to treat. Surgery remains the primary treatment modality and the only chance for cure in these @entity1 . Since the early 1990s, laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) has replaced open adrenalectomy (OA) as the gold standard for addressing @entity74 of benign origin; however, the oncologic effectiveness of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for resection of primary @entity1636 remains unclear. Since the initial consensus statement from the International @entity4304 Symposium held in Ann Arbor, MI in 2003, a number of studies have investigated the question of equivalence of LA compared to OA for @entity16663 . Several controversial topics were debated during the 3rd International @entity4304 Symposium held in Wurzburg, Germany in 2011. This debate sought to review the advantages and disadvantages of OA versus LA and review findings of recent studies related to the topic. As all studies involving this topic have methodological flaws, some more than others, the results of each study must be interpreted with caution. In conclusion, this debate will undoubtedly continue well into the future; however, it is clear that an oncologically appropriate surgical resection is of the utmost importance for the treatment of @entity16663 and there is only one chance to achieve this. Poor outcomes will result from inadequate surgery, whether performed by an open or laparoscopic approach. Therefore, there is no doubt that surgery for suspected @entity16663 should only be performed in specialized centers.

title: A debate on laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'Adrenocortical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical malignancies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal Cancer']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: @entity176 is one of the first-line agents with proven anti- @entity174 activity used in the therapy of @entity14577 . Its mechanism of action makes it, however, different from other drugs, since it simultaneously stimulates two reverse processes: bone formation and bone resorption. The action of the agent depends on various mechanisms, including the activation of @entity460 receptors, localised on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and on the influence on the @entity5299 / @entity5298 system. The drug effectively prevents spinal, hip and extravertebral fractures. The agent's anti- @entity174 efficacy within the spine does not depend on the @entity1 's age, or on base BMD values, or on the concentration of bone metabolism markers. As to the anti- @entity174 efficacy in the hip, it concerns @entity1 with an increased @entity174 risk. @entity176 increases bone mineral density within the lumbar spine and the hip, decreases the concentrations of bone resorption markers, and increases the concentrations of bone formation markers. The drug is administered in a daily 2.0 g oral dose. This paper presents indications to therapy with @entity176 , specifying also its side effects and contraindications. We compare the anti- @entity174 efficacy of @entity176 to the efficacy of other agents of proven anti- @entity174 activity, based on published clinical studies.

title: [ XXXX in @entity14577 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium ranelate', 'Strontium ranelate']

answer: @entity176 :: (MESH:C081587,Chemical) :: ['Strontium ranelate']


abstract: @entity176 is one of the first-line agents with proven anti- @entity174 activity used in the therapy of @entity14577 . Its mechanism of action makes it, however, different from other drugs, since it simultaneously stimulates two reverse processes: bone formation and bone resorption. The action of the agent depends on various mechanisms, including the activation of @entity460 receptors, localised on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and on the influence on the @entity5299 / @entity5298 system. The drug effectively prevents spinal, hip and extravertebral fractures. The agent's anti- @entity174 efficacy within the spine does not depend on the @entity1 's age, or on base BMD values, or on the concentration of bone metabolism markers. As to the anti- @entity174 efficacy in the hip, it concerns @entity1 with an increased @entity174 risk. @entity176 increases bone mineral density within the lumbar spine and the hip, decreases the concentrations of bone resorption markers, and increases the concentrations of bone formation markers. The drug is administered in a daily 2.0 g oral dose. This paper presents indications to therapy with @entity176 , specifying also its side effects and contraindications. We compare the anti- @entity174 efficacy of @entity176 to the efficacy of other agents of proven anti- @entity174 activity, based on published clinical studies.

title: [ @entity176 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity14577 :: (MESH:D015663,Disease) :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: The diminished excretion of @entity1011 in @entity3986 is a more striking and specific phenomenon than the excess excretion of @entity908 , marked though this is. While creatinuria is invariably encountered in all cases of @entity3986 , the extent to which the excretion of @entity1011 is decreased provides a more reliable indication of the severity of the disease since an excess output of @entity908 may occur physiologically in normal @entity1 subjects and in many pathological conditions not known to be associated with @entity121 . In @entity3986 the residual muscle mass, as inferred from the excretion of @entity1011 , provides a useful index of the state of the disease at any given time. Although there is excessive creatinuria in @entity3986 , there is no evidence that a deprivation of @entity5498 stores occurs through a loss of urinary @entity908 . The loss of @entity5498 groups contained in the excess @entity908 is, under ordinary conditions of diet, almost exactly compensated for by a drop in the excretion of @entity5498 groups in the urinary @entity1011 . @entity3033 , administered over variable periods of time, resulted in the retention of @entity908 both in normal male @entity1 and in male @entity1 with @entity3986 , as shown in the normal subjects by a diminution in @entity908 output, and in both by an excess creatinuria for variable periods of time following withdrawal of the hormone. An increase in the excretion of @entity908 in @entity3986 occurred following the administration of @entity8645 . Neither @entity3033 nor @entity8645 appeared to effect any consistent change in the output or urinary @entity1011 . No effects on the excretion of @entity908 and @entity1011 were observed following the prolonged administration of concentrate of gonadotropic and thyrotropic principles of the hypophysis, or from the administration of @entity8147 to @entity1 with @entity3986 . Except in one case, in which marked improvement was observed following the administration of @entity3033 , no effects on the clinical course of the @entity1 with @entity3986 were observed as a result of treatment by any of the various hormones employed in this study.

title: THE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND EXCRETION OF XXXX , @entity1011 , AND GLYCOCYAMINE IN PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN HORMONES ON THESE PROCESSES.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone propionate', 'testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['progressive muscular dystrophy', 'long-standing dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['desoxycorticosterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity8645 :: ('MESH:D008777', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['CREATINE']


abstract: The diminished excretion of @entity1011 in @entity3986 is a more striking and specific phenomenon than the excess excretion of @entity908 , marked though this is. While creatinuria is invariably encountered in all cases of @entity3986 , the extent to which the excretion of @entity1011 is decreased provides a more reliable indication of the severity of the disease since an excess output of @entity908 may occur physiologically in normal @entity1 subjects and in many pathological conditions not known to be associated with @entity121 . In @entity3986 the residual muscle mass, as inferred from the excretion of @entity1011 , provides a useful index of the state of the disease at any given time. Although there is excessive creatinuria in @entity3986 , there is no evidence that a deprivation of @entity5498 stores occurs through a loss of urinary @entity908 . The loss of @entity5498 groups contained in the excess @entity908 is, under ordinary conditions of diet, almost exactly compensated for by a drop in the excretion of @entity5498 groups in the urinary @entity1011 . @entity3033 , administered over variable periods of time, resulted in the retention of @entity908 both in normal male @entity1 and in male @entity1 with @entity3986 , as shown in the normal subjects by a diminution in @entity908 output, and in both by an excess creatinuria for variable periods of time following withdrawal of the hormone. An increase in the excretion of @entity908 in @entity3986 occurred following the administration of @entity8645 . Neither @entity3033 nor @entity8645 appeared to effect any consistent change in the output or urinary @entity1011 . No effects on the excretion of @entity908 and @entity1011 were observed following the prolonged administration of concentrate of gonadotropic and thyrotropic principles of the hypophysis, or from the administration of @entity8147 to @entity1 with @entity3986 . Except in one case, in which marked improvement was observed following the administration of @entity3033 , no effects on the clinical course of the @entity1 with @entity3986 were observed as a result of treatment by any of the various hormones employed in this study.

title: THE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND EXCRETION OF @entity908 , XXXX , AND GLYCOCYAMINE IN PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN HORMONES ON THESE PROCESSES.

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['CREATININE']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the operative costs associated with the use of @entity322 kits, with or without biomaterials, with surgeon-tailored prolene mesh (STPM) in the treatment of stress @entity322 (SUI) with or without pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: All operations for uncomplicated SUI with or without pelvic organ prolapse were reviewed from 2007-2008. Operative billing sheets including operative time, hospital cost, and the insurance billing statement were obtained and reviewed. Surgeon payment was not included in the analysis. Hospital stay was also compared. RESULTS: For @entity1 with SUI alone, there was a significant difference in the hospital cost and the insurance billing statement between STPM and commercial kits (CK). On average, the insurance billing statement for STPM was  2220 less per case as compared with CK. For @entity1 with SUI and anterior compartment prolapse, there was a significant difference in the hospital cost and the insurance billing statement between STPM and CK. On average, the insurance billing statement for STPM was  4770 less per case as compared with CK. For @entity1 with SUI and anterior and posterior compartment prolapse, the difference in hospital cost and insurance billing statement approached statistical significance. The insurance billing statement for STPM on an average was  5600 less per case as compared with CK. There was no significant difference in operative time or hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The use of STPM for the treatment of @entity322 with or without prolapse is significantly less costly for the hospital and the @entity1 and/or insurance as compared with CK. The use of STPM did not increase operative time or postoperative hospital stay when compared with prefashioned kits.

title: Minimizing the cost of surgical correction of stress XXXX and prolapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of weekly @entity1311 with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2004 and 2007, 54 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 were included in this protocol. @entity1 CHARACTERISTICS: median age 48; 69% male; 52% World Health Organization (WHO) III; 50% stage III, 50% stage IV. The @entity1 underwent a course of definitive conventional radiotherapy (70 Gy in 7 weeks with 2 Gy/fraction), with concurrent weekly @entity1311 35 mg/m(2) from the first to the sixth week of radiation. AC was started 4 weeks after the end of the radiotherapy (RT), @entity1311 135 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity900 30 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 were administered every 4 weeks for two cycles. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 32 months. Eighty-five percentage of complete response and 15% partial response were achieved at the time of one month after AC. The 3-year actuarial rate of local regional control was 86%; distant metastases-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival at 3 years were 81%, 69% and 76%, respectively. Forty-nine (91%) @entity1 completed six courses of concurrent chemotherapy with weekly @entity1311 , and 4 (7%) @entity1 delayed at the second cycle of AC. No @entity1 developed severe acute @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Weekly @entity1311 with concurrent RT followed by AC is a potentially effective and @entity137 tolerable method for locally advanced @entity189 . Further studies are needed to identify the optimal dose of weekly @entity1311 in this strategy.

title: Weekly @entity1311 with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of weekly @entity1311 with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2004 and 2007, 54 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 were included in this protocol. @entity1 CHARACTERISTICS: median age 48; 69% male; 52% World Health Organization (WHO) III; 50% stage III, 50% stage IV. The @entity1 underwent a course of definitive conventional radiotherapy (70 Gy in 7 weeks with 2 Gy/fraction), with concurrent weekly @entity1311 35 mg/m(2) from the first to the sixth week of radiation. AC was started 4 weeks after the end of the radiotherapy (RT), @entity1311 135 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity900 30 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 were administered every 4 weeks for two cycles. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 32 months. Eighty-five percentage of complete response and 15% partial response were achieved at the time of one month after AC. The 3-year actuarial rate of local regional control was 86%; distant metastases-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival at 3 years were 81%, 69% and 76%, respectively. Forty-nine (91%) @entity1 completed six courses of concurrent chemotherapy with weekly @entity1311 , and 4 (7%) @entity1 delayed at the second cycle of AC. No @entity1 developed severe acute @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Weekly @entity1311 with concurrent RT followed by AC is a potentially effective and @entity137 tolerable method for locally advanced @entity189 . Further studies are needed to identify the optimal dose of weekly @entity1311 in this strategy.

title: Weekly XXXX with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced @entity189 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity2080 is the most frequent minor complication after harvesting latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction. It induces @entity1 's discomfort and multiple consultations for punctions. The dead space resulting from the harvest has to be closed by the "quilting suture" in order to prevent the @entity2080 . Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency and the tolerance of the quilting suture by comparing two groups of 100 @entity1 who had a breast reconstruction by the same technic of extended latissimus dorsi flap, performed by the same surgeon, from 2004 to 2007. Half of @entity1 had the classic way of dorsal closure, and the other half of @entity1 had the dorsal quilting suture. @entity1 AND METHODS: In order to compare the two groups we have collected data concerning age, body mass index (BMI), @entity286 use, @entity260 , number and volume of punctions, draining time and @entity282 . The efficiency of the quilting suture lies on a rigorous repartition of at least six sutures on the upper skin flap, 12 on the lower skin flap and under the skin suture line. The suture model is based on the one used for the Chippendale-designed sofa. We suture the skin flap while pushing down the shoulder, in order to split the skin tension and avoid traction on the final skin suture line. The procedure takes 15 minutes. RESULTS: The "Chippendale" technic allows to reduce draining time from 12 days to 6 days. The incidence of @entity2080 is reduced by 50%. The dorsal wound healing seems also better thanks to tension reduction resulting from the quilting suture. CONCLUSION: The "Chippendale" technic is a quick, cheap and easy learned procedure, efficient for preventing @entity2080 after the latissimus dorsi flap. The postoperative recovery is eased and the @entity1 comforted.

title: [Prevention of XXXX by quilting suture after harvesting latissimus dorsi flap. The "Chippendale" technic].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Seroma', 'seroma', 'chronic seroma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2080 :: (MESH:D049291,Disease) :: ['seroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In some randomized trials, the treatment outcome of locally advanced @entity418 has been significantly improved by neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT). However, increased perioperative @entity358 in terms of @entity649 ( @entity649 ) has been linked to radiation exposure of the lungs. In our study we evaluated perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity5 Stages IIA-IVA treated with curative intent either with surgery alone (S) or with neoadjuvant RCT followed by surgery (RCTS). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 55 @entity1 received S, and 98 received RCTS. In the RCTS group, most @entity1 received two cycles of @entity1487 plus @entity900 simultaneously with normofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy). Four weeks later they underwent surgery. Endpoints were the incidence of @entity647 ( @entity647 ), @entity649 , other @entity260 , and mortality within 31 days. RESULTS: Between both groups there were no significant differences between the incidence and severity of @entity647 and @entity649 (RCTS: 42.9%, 42.9%; S: 45.5%, 38.2%). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the incidences of @entity55 , @entity1143 , and pneumothorax (RCTS 29.6% vs. S 16.4%, p = 0.07). Perioperative complication rates and mortality did not vary significantly (mortality after RCTS 5.1% vs. S 3.6%). A detailed analysis of 54 RCTS @entity1 according to lung dose-volume histograms did not show any correlation between @entity649 and pulmonary exposure. In univariate analysis, only respiratory comorbidity correlated with @entity649 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity900 and @entity1487 -based RCT apparently has no detrimental impact on the postoperative course.

title: Influence of irradiated lung volumes on perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity1 after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: In some randomized trials, the treatment outcome of locally advanced @entity418 has been significantly improved by neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT). However, increased perioperative @entity358 in terms of @entity649 ( @entity649 ) has been linked to radiation exposure of the lungs. In our study we evaluated perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity5 Stages IIA-IVA treated with curative intent either with surgery alone (S) or with neoadjuvant RCT followed by surgery (RCTS). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 55 @entity1 received S, and 98 received RCTS. In the RCTS group, most @entity1 received two cycles of @entity1487 plus @entity900 simultaneously with normofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy). Four weeks later they underwent surgery. Endpoints were the incidence of @entity647 ( @entity647 ), @entity649 , other @entity260 , and mortality within 31 days. RESULTS: Between both groups there were no significant differences between the incidence and severity of @entity647 and @entity649 (RCTS: 42.9%, 42.9%; S: 45.5%, 38.2%). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the incidences of @entity55 , @entity1143 , and pneumothorax (RCTS 29.6% vs. S 16.4%, p = 0.07). Perioperative complication rates and mortality did not vary significantly (mortality after RCTS 5.1% vs. S 3.6%). A detailed analysis of 54 RCTS @entity1 according to lung dose-volume histograms did not show any correlation between @entity649 and pulmonary exposure. In univariate analysis, only respiratory comorbidity correlated with @entity649 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity900 and @entity1487 -based RCT apparently has no detrimental impact on the postoperative course.

title: Influence of irradiated lung volumes on perioperative morbidity and mortality in XXXX after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for @entity418 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus as to which surgical approach to the treatment of @entity2968 is most appropriate or which @entity1 are at a higher risk for recurrence or @entity3 . QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Therefore, we asked: (1) Are there subsets of @entity1 who are associated with a more recalcitrant disease course? And (2) are surgeons appropriately stratifying @entity1 by identifying risk factors for increased local recurrence and pulmonary metastases? METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 230 @entity1 with @entity2968 treated from 1980 to 2010, stratifying them by primary versus recurrent disease and by surgical treatment. From the records, we determined local recurrence, @entity3 , and complications of treatment. The median follow up was 47 months (range, 0.1-312 months). RESULTS: Overall incidence of local recurrence was 10% and pulmonary @entity3 was 2%. When stratified by surgical treatment, the incidence of local recurrence among @entity1 undergoing intralesional curettage (12%) was greater than in those undergoing resection (2%). The incidence of local recurrence among @entity5 , independent of treatment, was 9%, whereas the incidence of local recurrence after treatment of recurrent lesions was 16%. The incidence of pulmonary metastases was similar, regardless of treatment or whether primary or recurrent. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest there are subsets of @entity1 with @entity2968 who are at higher risk of recurrence and should be clinically followed more closely. This should allow surgeons to provide @entity1 with more informed expectations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX : are we stratifying results appropriately?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']

answer: @entity2968 :: (MESH:D018212,Disease) :: ['Giant cell tumor of bone']


abstract: @entity2258 was produced in albino @entity35 by intrabronchial inoculation of Type I pneumococci suspended in @entity19453 . The resulting @entity55 was uniformly fatal in untreated @entity35 . Eighty per cent of the animals so infected and treated with @entity11682 drugs 6 hours after inoculation survived the @entity55 . At the end of 1 week the surviving animals were sacrificed, and examination of the lungs showed sharply demarcated localized pulmonary lesions containing no pneumococci. Microscopic study of the lungs of treated animals sacrificed at 6, 18, 42, 66, 96, and 168 hours after the start of treatment revealed the following sequence of events. During the first 18 hours the drug apparently had little effect upon the @entity75 , but at the end of 18 hours pneumococci in the @entity4 zone began to show striking changes in their morphology, indicating bacteriostesis. Forty-two hours after the start of treatment the @entity4 zone had disappeared, the @entity55 had ceased to spread, and the pneumococci at the margin of the lesion had been overtaken by leucocytes. Careful examination of the exudate in the periphery of the lesion revealed definite phagocytosis of pneumococci. By the 4th day no pneumococci could be found in the stained sections, and after 1 week there remained only macrophages in the rapidly clearing alveoli. In order to demonstrate the phagocytic reaction more clearly the effect of @entity11682 drugs was studied in pneumonic @entity35 previously rendered leucopenic by exposure to x-ray. The @entity55 in these animals was relatively acellular, and the few macrophages present in each alveolus could be seen to have phagocyted large numbers of pneumococci after 18 to 42 hours of treatment. The macrophages not only phagocyted the pneumococci but ultimately destroyed them, the @entity75 later going on to complete resolution. The fact that this phagocytic reaction was observed in the lungs of animals with @entity2259 suggests that the phagocytosis is independent of circulating type-specific opsonins.

title: STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF RECOVERY IN PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA : II. THE EFFECT OF XXXX THERAPY UPON THE PULMONARY LESION OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA.

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['SULFONAMIDE']


abstract: @entity1409 of intrahepatic @entity439 is a rare life threatening condition because of the risk of @entity1409 . A 33 year old female @entity1 presented with @entity548 . Angio-CT-scan revealed an intrahepatic @entity1756 with a massive central and subcapsular haematoma of the liver. Percutaneous embolisation under ultrasound control was not possible because of the size of the subcapsular haematoma. Angiography showed a main arterial supply of this @entity439 from the anterior sectorial branch of the right branch of hepatic artery and selective embolisation was not possible because of anatomical configuration. Because of persistent @entity548 , surgery was performed with evacuation of liver haematoma and a highly selective ligature of the main aneurysmal arterial supply. Post-operative angio-CT-scan showed revascularisation of the @entity439 through retrograde intrahepatic arterial supply. Ultrasound identification of the @entity439 was then possible and percutaneous embolisation was performed successfully. Intrahepatic @entity439 are usually treated by interventional radiological procedure. In case of failure, surgery should be considered. This case was original because it associated a combined therapeutic treatment pointing out the importance of multidisciplinary approach.

title: [ XXXX of an intrahepatic aneurysme: radiological and surgical treatments].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture', 'spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1409 :: (MESH:D012422,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous rupture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since the use of prosthetic mesh for the surgical repair of @entity169 has become increasingly popular, mesh material introduced during a previous operation is being detected in a growing number of @entity1 undergoing surgery for recurrent @entity547 . This applies to at least 10% of recurrences. Needed is a therapeutic algorithm for the surgical management of recurrent @entity547 after previous mesh repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 672 recurrent @entity547 repairs performed in hospitals in the German cities Aachen and Koblenz were analysed in order to review clinical practice. In 92 @entity1 (13.7%) who underwent surgery for recurrent @entity547 , mesh had been used in the previous @entity547 repairs. Attention was focused on the location of the recurrence in relation to the site of mesh implantation and on the advantages and disadvantages of the various surgical procedures for repairing recurrent @entity547 . Re-examination was performed with a mean follow-up of 3 years. RESULTS: Surgeons mostly decided during operation which procedure to use. A transinguinal approach was preferred for @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity547 and @entity158 , and mesh material introduced during a previous operation was then explanted. In the case of multiple recurrences, a minimal direct suture repair was used for small defects or a preperitoneal approach for inserting a new, large mesh. The majority of recurrences were medial or suprapubic, especially those occurring after a Lichtenstein repair. After re-examining 87 of 92 @entity1 , nine recurrences (10.3%) were found. Mesh-free suturing methods were affected most frequently. Moderate complaints were reported by 39.1%, and 4.6% suffered from medical @entity1118 . CONCLUSION: The surgical management of recurrent @entity547 after previous mesh repair is a particular challenge for surgeons. We introduce a therapeutic algorithm for recurrent @entity547 surgery after previous mesh implantation based on analysis of clinical practice.

title: [Management of recurrent XXXX after previous mesh repair: a challenge].

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: Oil palm ( @entity5352 .) is a perennial, tropical, monocotyledonous plant characterized by simple architecture and low phenotypic plasticity, but marked by long development cycles of individual phytomers (a pair of one leaf and one inflorescence at its axil). Environmental effects on vegetative or reproductive sinks occur with various time lags depending on the process affected, causing source-sink imbalances. This study investigated how the two instantaneous sources of @entity505 assimilates, @entity515 assimilation and mobilization of transitory non-structural @entity1735 (NSC) reserves, may buffer such imbalances. An experiment was conducted in Indonesia during a 22-month period (from July 2006 to May 2008) at two contrasting locations (Kandista and Batu Mulia) using two treatments (control and complete fruit pruning treatment) in Kandista. Measurements included leaf gas exchange, dynamics of NSC reserves and dynamics of structural aboveground vegetative growth (SVG) and reproductive growth. Drought was estimated from a simulated fraction of transpirable soil water. The main sources of variation in source-sink relationships were (i) short-term reductions in light-saturated leaf @entity515 assimilation rate (A(max)) during seasonal drought periods, particularly in Batu Mulia; (ii) rapid responses of SVG rate to drought; and (iii) marked lag periods between 16 and 29 months of environmental effects on the development of reproductive sinks. The resulting source-sink imbalances were buffered by fluctuations in NSC reserves in the stem, which mainly consisted of @entity413 and starch. Starch was the main buffer for sink variations, whereas @entity413 dynamics remained unexplained. Even under strong sink limitation, no negative feedback on A(max) was observed. In conclusion, the different lag periods for environmental effects on assimilate sources and sinks in oil palm are mainly buffered by NSC accumulation in the stem, which can attain 50% (dw:dw) in stem tops. The resulting dynamics of growth and production are complex because several dozen phytomers of different phenological ages develop at any given time and interact with a common pool of reserves.

title: Role of transitory @entity505 reserves during adjustment to climate variability and source-sink imbalances in oil palm ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity5352 :: ('51953', 'Species') :: ['Elaeis guineensis Jacq']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5352 :: (51953,Species) :: ['Elaeis guineensis']


abstract: Oil palm ( @entity5352 .) is a perennial, tropical, monocotyledonous plant characterized by simple architecture and low phenotypic plasticity, but marked by long development cycles of individual phytomers (a pair of one leaf and one inflorescence at its axil). Environmental effects on vegetative or reproductive sinks occur with various time lags depending on the process affected, causing source-sink imbalances. This study investigated how the two instantaneous sources of @entity505 assimilates, @entity515 assimilation and mobilization of transitory non-structural @entity1735 (NSC) reserves, may buffer such imbalances. An experiment was conducted in Indonesia during a 22-month period (from July 2006 to May 2008) at two contrasting locations (Kandista and Batu Mulia) using two treatments (control and complete fruit pruning treatment) in Kandista. Measurements included leaf gas exchange, dynamics of NSC reserves and dynamics of structural aboveground vegetative growth (SVG) and reproductive growth. Drought was estimated from a simulated fraction of transpirable soil water. The main sources of variation in source-sink relationships were (i) short-term reductions in light-saturated leaf @entity515 assimilation rate (A(max)) during seasonal drought periods, particularly in Batu Mulia; (ii) rapid responses of SVG rate to drought; and (iii) marked lag periods between 16 and 29 months of environmental effects on the development of reproductive sinks. The resulting source-sink imbalances were buffered by fluctuations in NSC reserves in the stem, which mainly consisted of @entity413 and starch. Starch was the main buffer for sink variations, whereas @entity413 dynamics remained unexplained. Even under strong sink limitation, no negative feedback on A(max) was observed. In conclusion, the different lag periods for environmental effects on assimilate sources and sinks in oil palm are mainly buffered by NSC accumulation in the stem, which can attain 50% (dw:dw) in stem tops. The resulting dynamics of growth and production are complex because several dozen phytomers of different phenological ages develop at any given time and interact with a common pool of reserves.

title: Role of transitory XXXX reserves during adjustment to climate variability and source-sink imbalances in oil palm ( @entity5352 ).

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: 1. In the presence of 0.05 per cent dextrose the respiration of @entity11150 is increased by @entity1219 in concentrations of 0.25 to 0.5M, and by 0.5M @entity3282 . 2. Stronger concentrations, as 2M @entity1219 and 1.25M CaCl(2), decrease the respiration. The decrease in the higher concentrations is probably an osmotic effect of these salts. 3. A mixture of 19 cc. of @entity1219 and 1 cc. of @entity3282 (both 0.5M) showed antagonism, in that the respiration was normal, although each salt alone caused an increase. 4. Spores of @entity11150 did not germinate on 0.5M @entity1219 (plus 0.05 per cent dextrose) while they did on 0.5M @entity3282 (plus 0.05 per cent dextrose) and on various mixtures of the two. This shows that a substance may have different effects on respiration from those which it has upon growth.

title: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON RESPIRATION : IX. THE EFFECTS OF ANTAGONISTIC SALTS ON THE RESPIRATION OF XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['ASPERGILLUS NIGER']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that @entity1 survive longer than @entity1 , but experience greater @entity137 , when treated for @entity151 ( @entity151 ). METHODS: Individual @entity1 data from six randomized phase II/III chemotherapy trials, from the Manchester Lung Group and UK Medical Research Council, were pooled for analysis. End points included overall survival, response rate, @entity137 , dose intensity (DI) and transfusion rates. RESULTS: Of 1707 @entity1 analyzed, 44% were @entity1 . At baseline, @entity1 had poorer performance status (PS) (57% versus 67% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS 0-1/Karnofsky PS 80-100, P = 0.0004) and more were of normal weight or underweight (57% versus 48%, P = 0.003), but fewer were anemic (25% versus 62%, P < 0.0001). Response rates between @entity1 and @entity1 were similar (77% versus 76%, P = 0.64). In univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.96, P = 0.006] and multivariate (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99, P = 0.04) analyses, female sex predicted for longer survival. @entity1 experienced more grade 3/4 emesis (18% versus 9%, P < 0.0001) and grade 3/4 @entity33 (13% versus 8%, P = 0.005) than @entity1 . There were no differences in DI, @entity281 , transfusions or treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Data from >1700 @entity1 in randomized @entity151 chemotherapy trials confirm that @entity1 survive modestly longer than @entity1 but may experience greater @entity137 .

title: The strength of female sex as a prognostic factor in XXXX : a pooled analysis of chemotherapy trials from the Manchester Lung Group and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laser resurfacing of facial rhytides has become a popular treatment option for many @entity1 with wrinkles, photoaging, and acne @entity2318 . Laser wavelength/pulse duration options and new techniques continue to shorten the healing phase associated with laser skin resurfacing while maintaining clinical efficacy. Variable pulse erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser systems are now available that offer the surgeon the ability to vary the Er:YAG pulse duration from a pulse that is primarily ablative to one that is more thermal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histologic effects created with a variable pulse Er:YAG laser. To study prospectively the clinical effects on upper lip rhytides with a variable pulse Er:YAG laser when compared side by side with pulsed @entity544 ( @entity515 ) laser resurfacing. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two treatment sites on 21 @entity1 were randomized and evaluated after treatment of the upper lip region with @entity515 laser resurfacing on one side and a variable pulse Er:YAG laser on the other. @entity1 diaries were maintained to assess erythema, crusting, @entity158 , and pigmentary changes. Blinded objective grading of improvement was performed. Chromometer measurements were obtained to analyze erythema. RESULTS: The variable pulse Er:YAG laser treatment reduced the duration of crusting on average from 7.7 days with @entity515 to 3.4 days. Chromometer measurements noted @entity86 . Grading by physicians in a blinded manner showed 63% improvement for the @entity515 treatment site and 48% improvement in the variable pulse Er:YAG site. No cases of permanent @entity2117 , @entity4182 , or @entity2318 occurred. CONCLUSION: The variable pulse Er:YAG laser resurfacing is a safe and effective resurfacing tool, which combines ablative and thermal modalities. The protocol used in this study approaches but does not equal the results we have traditionally seen with @entity515 laser resurfacing.

title: Variable pulse erbium:YAG laser skin resurfacing of perioral rhytides and side-by-side comparison with XXXX laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['decreased postoperative erythema']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: We report the case of a 25-year-old @entity1 with @entity490 , @entity4125 on the legs and @entity644 occurring 2 weeks after @entity697 , and admitted to our hospital with suspected Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity7860 ( @entity5417 ). He had increased anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer and hypocomplementemia. A renal biopsy specimen showed endocapillary proliferative changes, which are typical of @entity631 ( @entity631 ). However, immunofluorescence study revealed predominant IgA and C3 deposits in @entity7622 , indicating a diagnosis of @entity5417 . Because of massive @entity644 initially, the treatment with a combination of @entity617 , @entity786 , @entity4341 and @entity1229 was started along with 3 plasma exchanges. @entity1289 inhibitor was also given. Response to the treatment was favorable. A follow-up biopsy was performed 8 months after the first biopsy. The renal biopsy specimen showed a figure of typical @entity5417 . To further investigate the cause of glomerular changes in our @entity1 , an immunofluorescent study of nephritogenic @entity1310 -associated plasmin receptor (NAPlr) of group A, beta-hemolytic streptococci was performed. NAPlr was significantly positive in the glomeruli in the first biopsy specimen, but not in the second. His clinical course and pathological findings suggest that NAPlr may be related to the pathogenesis in a part of @entity1 with @entity5417 , especially in @entity1 with high ASO titer and hypocomplementemia.

title: Streptococcal origin of a case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial lesions']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['purpura nephritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['APSGN', 'acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity5417 :: (MESH:D011695,Disease) :: ['Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis']


abstract: @entity935 (DA)-containing cells from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) play a major role in the initiation of movement. Loss of these cells results in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Changes in intracellular @entity460 ion concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) elicit several events in DA cells, including spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) and subthreshold oscillations underlying autonomous firing. Continuous @entity141 load due to @entity141 -dependent rhythmicity has been proposed to cause the death of DA cells in @entity191 and normal aging. Because of the physiological and pathophysiological importance of [ @entity141 ](i) in DA cells, we characterized their intrinsic @entity141 -buffering capacity (K(S)) in brain slices. We introduced a fluorescent @entity141 -sensitive exogenous buffer (200 microM @entity593 ) and cells were tracked from break-in until steady state by stimulating with a single action potential (AP) every 30 s and measuring the @entity141 transient from the proximal dendrite. DA neurons filled exponentially with a tau of about 5-6 min. [ @entity141 ](i) was assumed to equilibrate between the endogenous @entity141 buffer and the exogenous @entity141 indicator buffer. Intrinsic buffering was estimated by extrapolating from the linear relationships between the amplitude or time constant of the @entity141 transients versus [ @entity593 ]. Extrapolated @entity141 -transients in the absence of @entity593 had mean peak amplitudes of 293.7 +/- 65.3 nM and tau = 124 +/- 13 ms (postnatal day 13 [P13] to P17 animals). Intrinsic buffering increased with age in DA neurons. For cells from animals P13-P17, K(S) was estimated to be about 110 (n = 20). In older animals (P25-P32), the estimate was about 179 (n = 10). These relatively low values may reflect the need for rapid @entity141 signaling, e.g., to allow activation of sK channels, which shape @entity4148 and burst firing. Low intrinsic buffering may also make DA cells vulnerable to @entity141 -dependent pathology.

title: Endogenous @entity460 buffering capacity of substantia nigral XXXX neurons.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous oscillations']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: @entity935 (DA)-containing cells from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) play a major role in the initiation of movement. Loss of these cells results in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Changes in intracellular @entity460 ion concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) elicit several events in DA cells, including spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) and subthreshold oscillations underlying autonomous firing. Continuous @entity141 load due to @entity141 -dependent rhythmicity has been proposed to cause the death of DA cells in @entity191 and normal aging. Because of the physiological and pathophysiological importance of [ @entity141 ](i) in DA cells, we characterized their intrinsic @entity141 -buffering capacity (K(S)) in brain slices. We introduced a fluorescent @entity141 -sensitive exogenous buffer (200 microM @entity593 ) and cells were tracked from break-in until steady state by stimulating with a single action potential (AP) every 30 s and measuring the @entity141 transient from the proximal dendrite. DA neurons filled exponentially with a tau of about 5-6 min. [ @entity141 ](i) was assumed to equilibrate between the endogenous @entity141 buffer and the exogenous @entity141 indicator buffer. Intrinsic buffering was estimated by extrapolating from the linear relationships between the amplitude or time constant of the @entity141 transients versus [ @entity593 ]. Extrapolated @entity141 -transients in the absence of @entity593 had mean peak amplitudes of 293.7 +/- 65.3 nM and tau = 124 +/- 13 ms (postnatal day 13 [P13] to P17 animals). Intrinsic buffering increased with age in DA neurons. For cells from animals P13-P17, K(S) was estimated to be about 110 (n = 20). In older animals (P25-P32), the estimate was about 179 (n = 10). These relatively low values may reflect the need for rapid @entity141 signaling, e.g., to allow activation of sK channels, which shape @entity4148 and burst firing. Low intrinsic buffering may also make DA cells vulnerable to @entity141 -dependent pathology.

title: Endogenous XXXX buffering capacity of substantia nigral @entity935 neurons.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of skipping breakfast on diet quality and @entity209 risk factors in healthy Korean adults. Subjects included 415 employees (118 @entity1 , 297 @entity1 ; 30-50 years old) of Jaesang Hospital in Korea and their acquaintances. Data collected from each subject included anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary intake, blood pressure, and blood analyses. The subjects were classified into three groups based on the number of days they skipped breakfast: 'Regular breakfast eater', 'Often breakfast eater', or 'Rare breakfast eater'. @entity1 in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less @entity579 , @entity415 , kimchi, vegetables, fish and shellfish, milk and dairy products, and sweets than did @entity1 in the other two groups (P for trend < 0.05) and ate more cookies, cakes, and meat for dinner (P for trend < 0.05). @entity1 in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less daily energy, fat, dietary fiber, @entity460 , and @entity972 than did @entity1 in the other groups (P for trend < 0.05). The percent energy from @entity3363 was lower and fat intake was higher in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other groups (P for trend < 0.01). When diets were compared using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Koreans, 59.1% of subjects in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed more energy from fat compared with the other two groups (P < 0.005). According to the Estimated Average Requirements for Koreans, intake of selected nutrients was lower in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The risk of elevated serum @entity1674 was decreased in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group (OR, 0.3 [0.1-1.0], P for trend = 0.0232). We conclude that eating breakfast regularly enhances diet quality, but may increase the risk of elevated serum @entity1674 .

title: Skipping breakfast is associated with diet quality and XXXX risk factors of adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the new Ocuton S*TT-MV to the Ocuton S (former configuration) and @entity19194 . The effect of the reconfiguration on measuring accuracy and device handling of @entity726 @entity1 was evaluated. MATERIAL/METHODS: 101 @entity726 @entity1 performed self-measurements using the old Ocuton S and the Ocuton S*TT-MV. The new Ocuton S*TT-MV automatically verifies the applanated area. We used @entity19194 as the gold standard reference. Three series of measurements were performed in random order. RESULTS: The mean IOP was 18.3+/-4.2 mmHg with Ocuton S, 17.5+/-3.6 mmHg with the reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 15.1+/-3.4 mmHg with @entity19194 . IOP ranged from 9 to 30.5 mmHg with @entity19194 , 7 to 42 mmHg with Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 5 to 38 mmHg with the old Ocuton S. The mean difference between the old Ocuton S and @entity19194 was 3.2+/-3.5 mmHg, between Ocuton S*TT-MV and @entity19194 2.4+/-3.3 mmHg, and between old and new Ocuton S 0.9+/-2.9 mmHg (p<0.01). The standard deviation within an individual row of 4 readings per eye with the old Ocuton S averaged 1.9 mmHg, while with the new Ocuton S*TT-MV the standard deviation averaged 1.7 mmHg. This measuring accuracy showed no age correlation for either self-tonometer (old Ocuton S: coefficient of correlation R=0.2; Ocuton S*TT-MV: coefficient of correlation R=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: The newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV improves measuring accuracy significantly and approaches the accuracy achieved using @entity19194 . Improved usability of self-tonometers has clinical relevance, as @entity1 don't have to check the corneal cast on the measuring prism. This could lead to an increased usage of self-tonometry in @entity726 monitoring.

title: Intraocular pressure measurements with the newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV self-tonometer in comparison to Goldmann applanation tonometry in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the new Ocuton S*TT-MV to the Ocuton S (former configuration) and @entity19194 . The effect of the reconfiguration on measuring accuracy and device handling of @entity726 @entity1 was evaluated. MATERIAL/METHODS: 101 @entity726 @entity1 performed self-measurements using the old Ocuton S and the Ocuton S*TT-MV. The new Ocuton S*TT-MV automatically verifies the applanated area. We used @entity19194 as the gold standard reference. Three series of measurements were performed in random order. RESULTS: The mean IOP was 18.3+/-4.2 mmHg with Ocuton S, 17.5+/-3.6 mmHg with the reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 15.1+/-3.4 mmHg with @entity19194 . IOP ranged from 9 to 30.5 mmHg with @entity19194 , 7 to 42 mmHg with Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 5 to 38 mmHg with the old Ocuton S. The mean difference between the old Ocuton S and @entity19194 was 3.2+/-3.5 mmHg, between Ocuton S*TT-MV and @entity19194 2.4+/-3.3 mmHg, and between old and new Ocuton S 0.9+/-2.9 mmHg (p<0.01). The standard deviation within an individual row of 4 readings per eye with the old Ocuton S averaged 1.9 mmHg, while with the new Ocuton S*TT-MV the standard deviation averaged 1.7 mmHg. This measuring accuracy showed no age correlation for either self-tonometer (old Ocuton S: coefficient of correlation R=0.2; Ocuton S*TT-MV: coefficient of correlation R=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: The newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV improves measuring accuracy significantly and approaches the accuracy achieved using @entity19194 . Improved usability of self-tonometers has clinical relevance, as @entity1 don't have to check the corneal cast on the measuring prism. This could lead to an increased usage of self-tonometry in @entity726 monitoring.

title: Intraocular pressure measurements with the newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV self-tonometer in comparison to Goldmann applanation tonometry in @entity726 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity5 cells and micrometastases in regional lymph nodes with the clinical outcome of @entity0 is unclear. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 in The Netherlands who underwent a sentinel-node biopsy for @entity0 before 2006 and had @entity0 with favorable @entity5 characteristics and @entity5 cells or micrometastases in the regional lymph nodes. @entity1 with node-negative disease were randomly selected from the years 2000 and 2001. The primary end point was disease-free survival. RESULTS: We identified 856 @entity1 with node-negative disease who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-negative, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), 856 @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), and 995 @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases who had received such treatment (the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort). The median follow-up was 5.1 years. The adjusted hazard ratio for disease events among @entity1 with @entity5 cells who did not receive systemic therapy, as compared with @entity1 with node-negative disease, was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.94); among @entity1 with micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.13). Among @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.73) in the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort, as compared with the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 cells or micrometastases in regional lymph nodes were associated with a reduced 5-year rate of disease-free survival among @entity1 with favorable @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant therapy. In @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases who received adjuvant therapy, disease-free survival was improved.

title: Micrometastases or @entity5 cells and the outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor', 'Isolated tumor', 'primary-tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity5 cells and micrometastases in regional lymph nodes with the clinical outcome of @entity0 is unclear. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 in The Netherlands who underwent a sentinel-node biopsy for @entity0 before 2006 and had @entity0 with favorable @entity5 characteristics and @entity5 cells or micrometastases in the regional lymph nodes. @entity1 with node-negative disease were randomly selected from the years 2000 and 2001. The primary end point was disease-free survival. RESULTS: We identified 856 @entity1 with node-negative disease who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-negative, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), 856 @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), and 995 @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases who had received such treatment (the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort). The median follow-up was 5.1 years. The adjusted hazard ratio for disease events among @entity1 with @entity5 cells who did not receive systemic therapy, as compared with @entity1 with node-negative disease, was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.94); among @entity1 with micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.13). Among @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.73) in the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort, as compared with the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 cells or micrometastases in regional lymph nodes were associated with a reduced 5-year rate of disease-free survival among @entity1 with favorable @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant therapy. In @entity1 with @entity5 cells or micrometastases who received adjuvant therapy, disease-free survival was improved.

title: Micrometastases or XXXX cells and the outcome of @entity0 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['isolated tumor']