abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of 24/7 radiology services on @entity130 resuscitation unit (TRU) length of stay (LOS) for @entity1 with minor @entity130 and to analyse the economic benefits of such an impact from @entity130 centre perspective. METHODS: The study was HIPAA compliant and had IRB approval. Data were extracted from hospital and radiology information systems. Inclusion criteria specified @entity1 : (a) with minor @entity130 (i.e., Injury Severity Score<16 and Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale<4); (b) cross-sectional imaging performed between 12 and 7AM; and (c) admission during 2006 (before 24/7 coverage; comparison group 1) or 2007 (24/7 coverage). Mean, median, standard deviation, and variance for the groups were determined. The theoretical economic benefit achieved with 24/7 radiology coverage was estimated from decreases in TRU LOS for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Totals of 1087 and 1323 @entity1 for 2006 and 2007, respectively, met our selection criteria. Mean TRU LOS decreased from 11.19 to 8.25 h (26%; P<0.001). The median decreased from 10.8 to 7.2 h (33%; P<0.001). The (Q3-Q1) indicator, used as a proxy for variance and spread, decreased from 7.36 to 5.76 h. Theoretical economic benefits from 24/7 radiology coverage were achieved by the product of TRU bed fixed costs with mean decrease in TRU LOS for the calendar year 2007, which equaled  340,069. CONCLUSION: The economic benefits of 24/7 radiology services are related to LOS, which can be shortened by limiting @entity1 discharge delays resulting from report unavailability. This can be a cost-saving replacement for conventional radiology practice when the @entity130 centre makes appropriate use of vacant TRU beds to realise its opportunity cost.

title: Implementation of 24/7 radiology services in an academic medical centre level 1 XXXX centre: impact on @entity130 resuscitation unit length of stay and economic benefit analysis.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis and management of @entity303 in the nursing home setting through use of the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and monitoring of acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor (ACHEI) therapy. DESIGN: Longitudinal cross-sectional study. SETTING: Long-term care facilities in Indiana. @entity1 : Residents in long-term care facilities were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of residents with @entity1032 scores indicative of @entity303 , the presence of a @entity303 diagnosis, and receipt of ACHEI therapy. RESULTS: Data were collected on 782 residents. An @entity1032 score was available within the past 12 months in 456 (58.3%) of residents. The median @entity1032 score was 17 and ranged from 0 to 30 points. Out of the total population, @entity17826 therapy was prescribed in 165 (21.1%) residents. Seventy-five (29.2%) of the residents with mild-moderate @entity303 ( @entity1032 = 10-26) were prescribed ACHEI therapy. The most frequently prescribed ACHEI was @entity8124 10 mg/day prescribed in 98 (59.4%) of the residents receiving ACHEI therapy. Average length of ACHEI therapy was 9.0 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1032 scores were not available in a large proportion of this nursing home population (41.7%). Of those residents with an available @entity1032 score, a significant number of them had scores indicative of @entity303 . Despite having scores indicative of @entity303 , 182 (70.8%) residents were not receiving AChEI therapy. An assessment to determine why residents were not receiving therapy is needed. Opportunities exist to improve the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity303 in the nursing home setting.

title: An assessment of the diagnosis and management of XXXX in nursing homes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if differences exist in prescribing for @entity137 ( @entity137 ) prophylaxis between residents receiving @entity1090 therapy and those with no antipsychotic therapy. DESIGN: Retrospective, multicentered, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Ten long-term care facilities. @entity1 : A total of 200 residents residing in skilled nursing facilities. The study group (n = 95) included residents with a risk factor for a @entity137 receiving @entity1090 . The control group (n = 105) consisted of residents with a risk factor for a @entity137 and not receiving antipsychotic therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Data collected included @entity1 age, gender, risk factor for @entity137 , and @entity137 . Statistics were performed using Chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of the study group was not on an agent for @entity137 , compared with 36% of the control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated with statistical significance that @entity137 was less likely in the @entity1090 group. We are implementing a pharmacist-driven initiative to add antiplatelet therapies in all @entity1 who have at least one risk factor for @entity137 .

title: Prophylaxis of cerebrovascular events in dementia @entity1 receiving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular adverse event', 'CAE prophylaxis', 'CAE']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if differences exist in prescribing for @entity137 ( @entity137 ) prophylaxis between residents receiving @entity1090 therapy and those with no antipsychotic therapy. DESIGN: Retrospective, multicentered, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Ten long-term care facilities. @entity1 : A total of 200 residents residing in skilled nursing facilities. The study group (n = 95) included residents with a risk factor for a @entity137 receiving @entity1090 . The control group (n = 105) consisted of residents with a risk factor for a @entity137 and not receiving antipsychotic therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Data collected included @entity1 age, gender, risk factor for @entity137 , and @entity137 . Statistics were performed using Chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of the study group was not on an agent for @entity137 , compared with 36% of the control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated with statistical significance that @entity137 was less likely in the @entity1090 group. We are implementing a pharmacist-driven initiative to add antiplatelet therapies in all @entity1 who have at least one risk factor for @entity137 .

title: Prophylaxis of cerebrovascular events in dementia XXXX receiving @entity1090 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A subset of @entity14 shows significant accumulation of aberrant promoter methylation. Previously, we developed two groups of methylation markers that classified @entity14 into three epigenotypes: i) high-, ii) intermediate-, and iii) low-methylation epigenotypes. High-methylation epigenotype, with methylation of both group 1 and group 2 markers, correlates to @entity817 -mutation((+)). Intermediate-methylation epigenotype, with methylation of group 2 markers, but not group 1, correlates to @entity984 -mutation((+)). To gain insight into epigenotype development in @entity14 , especially intermediate-methylation epigenotype and its correlation to @entity984 -mutation((+)) in @entity652 , we analyzed methylation levels of group 1 and group 2 markers quantitatively by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, in 51 @entity652 , 13 aberrant crypt foci, and 26 normal mucosa samples, and we compared them to 149 previously analyzed @entity14 samples. Three serrated @entity652 were all @entity817 -mutation((+)), showing great methylation of group 1 and group 2 markers, thus high-methylation epigenotype. Forty-eight conventional @entity652 were not methylated in group 1 markers and were classified into two clusters with higher and lower methylation of group 2 markers, thus into intermediate- and low-methylation epigenotypes, respectively. @entity652 with intermediate-methylation epigenotype correlated to @entity984 -mutation((+)). Methylation levels of group 2 markers in @entity652 were higher than aberrant crypt foci and normal samples, but similar to @entity5 . These data suggested that epigenotype development occur at an earlier stage than @entity189 formation, and already be completed at the @entity652 stage. Intermediate methylation epigenotype and its correlation to @entity984 -mutation((+)) were developed in conventional @entity652 .

title: Intermediate methylation epigenotype and its correlation to XXXX mutation in conventional colorectal adenoma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity13082 ( @entity13082 ) is an uncommon variant of chronic @entity2679 characterised by marked thickening of the gallbladder wall and dense local adhesions. Pre-operative and intra-operative diagnosis is difficult and it often mimics a @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is frequently unsuccessful with a high conversion rate. A series of @entity1 with this condition led us to review our experience with @entity13082 and to try to develop a care pathway for its management. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 1296 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone cholecystectomy between January 2000 and April 2005 at our hospital was performed. Twenty-nine cases of @entity13082 were identified among these cholecystectomies. The clinical, radiological and operative details of these @entity1 have been analysed. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity13082 was 2.2% in our study. The mean age at presentation was 60.3 years with a female:male ratio of 1.4:1. Twenty-three @entity1 (79%) required an emergency surgical admission at first presentation. In three @entity1 , a @entity1086 was suspected both radiologically and at operation (10.3%), but was later disproved on histology. Seventeen @entity1 (59%) had @entity3883 at first presentation and required an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) before LC. Of these, five had common bile duct stones. Abdominal ultrasound scan showed marked thickening of the gallbladder wall in 16 cases (55%). LC was attempted in 24 @entity1 , but required conversion to an open procedure in 11 @entity1 (46% conversion rate). A total cholecystectomy was possible in 18 @entity1 and a partial cholecystectomy was the choice in 11 (38%). The average operative time was 96 min. Three @entity1 developed a postoperative @entity1157 , one of whom required ERCP and placement of a biliary stent. The average length of stay in the hospital was 6.3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity13082 often mimics a @entity1086 . Currently, a correct pre-operative diagnosis is rarely made. With increased awareness and a high index of suspicion, radiological diagnosis is possible. Preoperative counselling of these @entity1 should include possible intra-operative difficulties and the differential diagnosis of @entity1086 . Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is frequently unsuccessful and a partial cholecystectomy is often the procedure of choice.

title: Perfidious gallbladders - a diagnostic dilemma with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity13082 :: ('MESH:C536762', 'Disease') :: ['XGC', 'Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis', 'xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity13082 :: (MESH:C536762,Disease) :: ['xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity2694 results from damage to the nerves passing through the superior orbital fissure. In the present case, the @entity2694 developed after repair of @entity174 , although the symptoms were not observed before surgery and no obvious cause was found. To investigate the aetiology of this syndrome, we examined the superior orbital fissure anatomically. METHODS: We measured the width of superior orbital fissure on the horizontal plane including the optic canal using the computed tomography (CT) scans of other @entity1 and cadavers. RESULTS: The results indicated that the width was 3.73+/-1.64 mm in the CT scans of @entity1 and 3.21+/-1.09 mm in the cadavers. There was no significant difference between the width in the CT scans and cadavers. The width in the present @entity1 on the affected side was 1.6mm, that is relatively narrow. CONCLUSION: After operation, narrow superior orbital fissure may reduce the tolerance to compression of the nerves by @entity4 . We consider the narrow superior orbital fissure as a risk factor for @entity2694 . When the superior orbital fissure is congenitally narrow, the surgeons should try to avoid excessive pulling of the bone fragment and compression of the orbital tissue during repair of the @entity174 .

title: XXXX after repair of maxillary and naso-orbito-ethmoid fractures: a case study.

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['superior orbital fissure syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['facial bone fractures']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['Superior orbital fissure syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesangial deposition of IgA ( @entity2500 ) is a very rare finding in @entity1987 and has previously been considered a pure coincidence. In the U.S. and Europe only anecdotal case reports exist. To date, there has been no consensus on nomenclature and categorization of this entity. We describe 2 cases of @entity2500 with analogue histological findings but relevant differences in clinical presentation, and we discuss the clinical implications of mesangial IgA deposition in minimal @entity1985 . @entity1 : A 47-year-old female was admitted to hospital with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , arterial @entity101 and slight @entity8 3 weeks after an unspecific @entity281 . A 42-year-old male presented with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , normotension and normal renal function. Both of the @entity1985 were steroid-responsive and @entity134 -dependent. FINDINGS: The clinical presentation of the male @entity1 was consistent with the features of @entity1987 , whereas the female @entity1 combined signs of @entity1987 and @entity8 . Light microscopy revealed mesangial IgA immune deposits and slight @entity7622 . Electron microscopic studies of @entity2500 @entity1 disclose diffuse effacement of glomerular foot processes. CONCLUSION: Our cases and a review of the literature indicate that the histological diagnosis of @entity2500 may comprise different pathogenetic entities. From the clinical point of view, @entity2500 has to be regarded as a minimal @entity1985 with symptomatic or asymptomatic mesangial IgA deposition. IgA deposition constitutes a risk factor for @entity8 and indicates a frequently relapsing course.

title: Mesangial IgA deposition in minimal @entity1985 : coincidence of different entities or variant of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function', 'IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease', 'minimal change glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['change nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndromes', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial hypercellularity']

answer: @entity1987 :: (MESH:D009402,Disease) :: ['minimal change disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesangial deposition of IgA ( @entity2500 ) is a very rare finding in @entity1987 and has previously been considered a pure coincidence. In the U.S. and Europe only anecdotal case reports exist. To date, there has been no consensus on nomenclature and categorization of this entity. We describe 2 cases of @entity2500 with analogue histological findings but relevant differences in clinical presentation, and we discuss the clinical implications of mesangial IgA deposition in minimal @entity1985 . @entity1 : A 47-year-old female was admitted to hospital with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , arterial @entity101 and slight @entity8 3 weeks after an unspecific @entity281 . A 42-year-old male presented with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , normotension and normal renal function. Both of the @entity1985 were steroid-responsive and @entity134 -dependent. FINDINGS: The clinical presentation of the male @entity1 was consistent with the features of @entity1987 , whereas the female @entity1 combined signs of @entity1987 and @entity8 . Light microscopy revealed mesangial IgA immune deposits and slight @entity7622 . Electron microscopic studies of @entity2500 @entity1 disclose diffuse effacement of glomerular foot processes. CONCLUSION: Our cases and a review of the literature indicate that the histological diagnosis of @entity2500 may comprise different pathogenetic entities. From the clinical point of view, @entity2500 has to be regarded as a minimal @entity1985 with symptomatic or asymptomatic mesangial IgA deposition. IgA deposition constitutes a risk factor for @entity8 and indicates a frequently relapsing course.

title: Mesangial IgA deposition in minimal XXXX : coincidence of different entities or variant of @entity1987 ?

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['change nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: @entity1901 as a complication of obstetric-gynecological operations occur in 0.37% of cases and are accompanied by formation of stricture or @entity1901 , development of @entity12478 . Roentgenoendoscopic technologies offer a new solution of the problem of restoration of ureteral passability and elimination of @entity790 . Roentgenoendoscopic treatment of @entity1901 was made in 14 @entity1 : for obliteration of the lower third of the ureter in 5 cases, stricture of the lower third of the ureter in 9 cases, stricture in combination with @entity12478 . The length of the injury varied from 0.2 to 1.5 cm (mean--0.6 cm). Two @entity1 have undergone optic buerginage of ureteral stricture followed by @entity384 , 7 @entity1 --optic endoureterotomy, 5--ureteral recanalization. Three @entity1 with @entity292 had one-stage @entity292 fulguration. The operations finished with internal stenting for 6-18 weeks. Normal urine passage recovered in 12 of 14 (85.7%) @entity1 . The @entity292 disappeared in 3 @entity1 . Thus, roentgenoendoscopic treatment of @entity1901 after obstetric-gynecological surgery produce positive results in most cases and raises quality of the @entity1 ' life.

title: [Roentgenoendoscopic therapy of XXXX after obstetric-gynecological surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injuries', 'ureteral obliteration', 'Ureteral injuries']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['uretero-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['ureterovaginal fistulas', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital fistulas']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteral injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of exenatide therapy on cardiometabolic risk factors and anthropometric parameters in @entity1 with @entity209 . METHODS: From June 2005 to June 2007, we performed a retrospective analysis of data extracted from the records of adult @entity1 with @entity209 being treated with exenatide. Diagnosis of any type of @entity6 was exclusionary. @entity1 were initiated on exenatide therapy, 5 mcg, 1 hour before their morning and evening meals for the first month and were instructed to titrate up to 10 mcg. Cardiometabolic risk factors (total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , calculated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and blood pressure) and anthropometric parameters (absolute body weight, body mass index, and abdominal girth) were measured at baseline and at 16 +/- 4 weeks after initiating exenatide therapy. Data collected also included age, sex, @entity209 diagnosis, and other concomitant medication used in the @entity4903 . RESULTS: The study population consisted of 299 @entity1 (259 @entity1 , 40 @entity1 ) with an age range of 18 to 74 years. Exenatide treatment was associated with significant reductions in mean body weight (P<.001) and body mass index (P<.001). Weight loss in 76.6% of @entity1 was concomitant with a significant reduction in mean abdominal girth (P<.001). Further analysis revealed significant decreases in mean @entity1674 (P<.001), total @entity165 (P<.01), and both systolic (P<.01) and diastolic blood pressure (P<.03). Approximately 60.2% of @entity1 used @entity2449 concomitantly, and half either decreased or discontinued @entity2449 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report examining the effect of exenatide on @entity1 with @entity209 . We observed a significant improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors and anthropometric parameters as a result of exenatide over the treatment interval.

title: Exenatide use in the management of XXXX : a retrospective database study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['management of endocrine disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The aim of the study was evaluation of erectile function (EF) recovery and effects of @entity7856 inhibitor @entity9498 in the treatment of erectile impairment one year after conduction of nerve-preserving retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). Thirty @entity1 with intact EF before surgery who had RRP were divided into two groups. In 18 @entity1 of group I vasculonervous fascicles (VNF) were preserved on both sides. A unilateral nerve-preserving technique was used in 12 @entity1 of group 2. @entity9498 administration was started 3 months after operation in the dose 20 mg. In group I partial erection was observed in 11 @entity1 , was absent in 33% (6 @entity1 ), a complete erection was in one (6%) @entity1 . Thus, 67% (12 @entity1 ) could maintain erection sufficient for coitus. Out of 12 @entity1 of group 2, a complete erection was achieved in none @entity1 , partial erection was observed in 5 (42%) @entity1 , erection did not occur in 7 (58%) @entity1 . Thus, EF is better in @entity1 with bilateral preservation of VNF than in unilateral one. Pharmacotherapy of @entity323 after nerve-preserving RRP is most effective. It is desirable to adhere to early postoperative policy in the treatment of EF. @entity7856 inhibitors are rather effective if the @entity1 has a partial erection. They fail in the absence of spontaneous erections. Early therapy prevents subsequent progression of @entity323 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX after nerve-preserving radical retropubic prostatectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil', 'Tadalafil']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The frequency and spectrum of chronic @entity1576 in pediatric heart transplant recipients have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to describe the chronic @entity1576 in 126 consecutive pediatric heart transplant recipients. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS: Between 1987 and 2005, 126 (64 males and 62 females) heart transplantations were performed at Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. The median age at transplantation was 7.4 years (range, 0.1-17) and the median length of follow-up was 6.8 years (range, 0-18.2). Twenty-four @entity1 have died, and 36 have been transferred to adult follow-up, leaving 66 under pediatric follow-up. @entity1576 have been documented in 33 @entity1 (50%). @entity4595 has been identified in 10 @entity1 , and 12 further @entity1 have had recurrent lower @entity1729 (without @entity4595 ) requiring long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Of those with infectious complications, 81% underwent transplantation before 4 years and had deficiency of pneumococcal-specific antibody response. Obstructive sleep @entity386 has occurred in 5 @entity1 , sub-glottic stenosis has occurred in 3, and significant compression of the left main stem bronchus related to a disproportionately large donor heart has occurred in 2. One @entity1 had marked mosaic attenuation on chest computed tomography scan indicative of @entity1565 . CONCLUSION: @entity1576 are common in pediatric heart transplant recipients. The respiratory prognosis for this complex group of @entity1 is usually good, but long-term follow-up by both a respiratory pediatrician and an immunologist is frequently required.

title: XXXX in pediatric heart transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['small airways disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiectasis', 'bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic respiratory complications', 'respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Chronic respiratory complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decreases in length of stay (LOS) in hospital after @entity0 surgery can be partly attributed to the change to less radical surgery, but many other factors are operating at the @entity1 , surgeon and hospital levels. This study aimed to describe the changes in and predictors of length of stay (LOS) in hospital after surgery for @entity0 between 1997/98 and 2004/05 in two regions of England. METHODS: Cases of female invasive @entity0 diagnosed in two English @entity5 registry regions were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data for the period 1st April 1997 to 31st March 2005. A subset of records where @entity1 underwent mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (BCS) was extracted (n = 44,877). Variations in LOS over the study period were investigated. A multilevel model with @entity1 clustered within surgical teams and NHS Trusts was used to examine associations between LOS and a range of factors. RESULTS: Over the study period the proportion of @entity1 having a mastectomy reduced from 58% to 52%. The proportion varied from 14% to 80% according to NHS Trust. LOS decreased by 21% from 1997/98 to 2004/05 (LOSratio = 0.79, 95%CI 0.77-0.80). BCS was associated with 33% shorter hospital stays compared to mastectomy (LOSratio = 0.67, 95%CI 0.66-0.68). Older age, advanced disease, presence of comorbidities, lymph node excision and reconstructive surgery were associated with increased LOS. Significant variation remained amongst Trusts and surgical teams. CONCLUSION: The number of days spent in hospital after @entity0 surgery has continued to decline for several decades. The change from mastectomy to BCS accounts for only 9% of the overall decrease in LOS. Other explanations include the adoption of new techniques and practices, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and early discharge. This study has identified wide variation in practice with substantial cost implications for the NHS. Further work is required to explain this variation.

title: Changes in and predictors of length of stay in hospital after surgery for XXXX between 1997/98 and 2004/05 in two regions of England: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although a significant correction of local @entity1513 has been reported previously, only a few studies have investigated whether this correction leads to an improved overall sagittal alignment. The study objective was to determine whether an improvement in the local kyphotic angle improves the overall sagittal alignment. We examined and compared the effects of thoracic and lumbar level kyphoplasty procedures on local versus overall sagittal alignment of the spine. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity3814 who showed poor response to conventional, palliative medical therapy underwent single-level kyphoplasty. The pertinent clinical data of these @entity1 , from June 2006 to November 2006, were reviewed retrospectively. We measured preoperative and postoperative vertebral body heights, which were classified as anterior, middle, or @entity174 . Furthermore, the local and overall sagittal angles after polymethylmethacrylate deposition were measured. RESULTS: More height was gained at the thoracic level, and the middle vertebral height regained the most. A significant local @entity1513 correction was observed at the fractured level, and the correction at larger spanning segments decreased with the distance from the fractured level. CONCLUSION: The inflatable balloon kyphoplasty procedure was the most effective in regaining the height of the @entity174 in the middle vertebral body. The @entity1513 correction by kyphoplasty was mainly achieved in the fractured vertebral body. Sagittal angular correction decreased with an increase in the distance from the @entity174 . No significant improvement was observed in the overall sagittal alignment after kyphoplasty. Further studies in a larger population are required to clarify this issue.

title: Outcome and efficacy of height gain and sagittal alignment after kyphoplasty of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fractured vertebral body heights', 'fractured vertebra', 'thoracic fractured vertebra']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical effects of anterior radical debridement on a series of @entity1 with spontaneous @entity281 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 32 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment from January 2000 to December 2005 in our department. The average follow-up Period was 33.4 months (range, 6 to 87 months). Thirty-two @entity1 presented with the following : 23 cases with @entity1511 , eight with @entity1511 and one with @entity1511 . The indications for surgery were intractable @entity158 , failure of medical management, @entity16 with or without an associated @entity733 causing spinal instability and/or segmental @entity1513 . RESULTS: The study included 15 (46.9%) males and 17 (53.1%) females ranging in age from 26 to 75 years (mean, 53.1 years). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and pulmonary Tbc were the most common predisposing factors for @entity1511 and @entity1511 . @entity794 (13%) was the main organism isolated. The most prevalent location was the lumbar spine (75%). Changes in the @entity158 score, Frankel's classification, and laboratory parameters demonstrated a significant clinical improvement in all @entity1 . However, there were recurrent infections in two @entity1 with @entity1511 and inappropriate debridement and intolerance of medication and noncompliance. Autologous rib, iliac bone and allograft (fibular) were performed in most @entity1 . However, 10 @entity1 were grafted using a @entity702 mesh cage after anterior radical debridement. There were no recurrent infections in the 10 cases using the mesh cage with radical debridement. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that surgery based on appropriate surgical indications is effective for the control of @entity281 and prevention of recurrence with anterior radical debridement, proper drug use and abscess drainage.

title: A clinical analysis of surgical treatment for spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous spondylitis', 'pyogenic spondylitis', 'fungal spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['spinal infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess, vertebral destruction']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['spinal infection']


abstract: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity1457 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity3092 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity1457 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity157 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity3003 specifically induce expression of @entity6641 in addition to @entity2284 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity1457 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity2284 and @entity6641 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity1487 and @entity3003 , by inhibiting expression of @entity1457 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity522 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity2284 and @entity6641 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity2284 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity1487 or @entity3003 following knockdown of @entity6641 and that of @entity2284 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity157 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX and @entity6641 potentiates @entity1487 and @entity3003 mediated cell killing in @entity157 cells.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Hsps', 'Heat shock proteins']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

answer: @entity2284 :: (3315,Gene) :: ['Hsp27']


abstract: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity1457 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity3092 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity1457 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity157 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity3003 specifically induce expression of @entity6641 in addition to @entity2284 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity1457 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity2284 and @entity6641 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity1487 and @entity3003 , by inhibiting expression of @entity1457 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity522 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity2284 and @entity6641 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity2284 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity1487 or @entity3003 following knockdown of @entity6641 and that of @entity2284 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity157 .

title: Inhibition of @entity2284 and XXXX potentiates @entity1487 and @entity3003 mediated cell killing in @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity6641 :: (171221,Gene) :: ['Hsp40']


abstract: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity1457 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity3092 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity1457 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity157 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity3003 specifically induce expression of @entity6641 in addition to @entity2284 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity1457 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity2284 and @entity6641 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity1487 and @entity3003 , by inhibiting expression of @entity1457 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity522 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity2284 and @entity6641 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity2284 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity1487 or @entity3003 following knockdown of @entity6641 and that of @entity2284 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity157 .

title: Inhibition of @entity2284 and @entity6641 potentiates @entity1487 and XXXX mediated cell killing in @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity1457 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity3092 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity1457 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity157 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity3003 specifically induce expression of @entity6641 in addition to @entity2284 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity1457 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity2284 and @entity6641 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity1487 and @entity3003 , by inhibiting expression of @entity1457 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity522 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity2284 and @entity6641 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity2284 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity1487 or @entity3003 following knockdown of @entity6641 and that of @entity2284 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity157 .

title: Inhibition of @entity2284 and @entity6641 potentiates XXXX and @entity3003 mediated cell killing in @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity1457 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity3092 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity1457 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity157 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity3003 specifically induce expression of @entity6641 in addition to @entity2284 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity1457 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity2284 and @entity6641 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity1487 and @entity3003 , by inhibiting expression of @entity1457 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity522 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity2284 and @entity6641 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity2284 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity1487 or @entity3003 following knockdown of @entity6641 and that of @entity2284 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity157 .

title: Inhibition of @entity2284 and @entity6641 potentiates @entity1487 and @entity3003 mediated cell killing in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of @entity4053 . He had frequent episodes of loss of concentration before dinner. The ratio of IRI to plasma @entity413 (PG) was 0.8-1.0. Abdominal CT revealed no @entity788 , and angiography of splenic artery showed no definite @entity5 stain within the pancreas. Based on the results of selective arterial @entity460 stimulation and hepatic venous sampling (ASVS), the provisional diagnosis was a small insulinoma in the pancreatic body. The @entity1 underwent subtotal distal pancreatectomy. However, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected tissue showed @entity1184 of islets of Langerhans islands and beta cells around pancreatic ducts. The final diagnosis was adult-onset @entity11448 . Postoperatively, the @entity1 continued to exhibit @entity3190 and @entity4053 . Octreotide, @entity54587 and diet therapies failed to improve the @entity4053 . However, treatment with @entity6335 at a starting dose of 200 mg/day resulted in immediate amelioration of @entity4053 . This is the first Japanese adult case of @entity11448 treated successfully with @entity6335 . This case report suggests that @entity6335 may be effective for adult-onset @entity11448 in a manner similar to that described for pediatric cases.

title: A rare case of adult-onset @entity11448 treated successfully with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'nocturnal hypoglycemia', 'nighttime hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity54587 :: ('MESH:C102817', 'Chemical') :: ['voglibose']

answer: @entity6335 :: (MESH:D003981,Chemical) :: ['diazoxide']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of @entity4053 . He had frequent episodes of loss of concentration before dinner. The ratio of IRI to plasma @entity413 (PG) was 0.8-1.0. Abdominal CT revealed no @entity788 , and angiography of splenic artery showed no definite @entity5 stain within the pancreas. Based on the results of selective arterial @entity460 stimulation and hepatic venous sampling (ASVS), the provisional diagnosis was a small insulinoma in the pancreatic body. The @entity1 underwent subtotal distal pancreatectomy. However, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected tissue showed @entity1184 of islets of Langerhans islands and beta cells around pancreatic ducts. The final diagnosis was adult-onset @entity11448 . Postoperatively, the @entity1 continued to exhibit @entity3190 and @entity4053 . Octreotide, @entity54587 and diet therapies failed to improve the @entity4053 . However, treatment with @entity6335 at a starting dose of 200 mg/day resulted in immediate amelioration of @entity4053 . This is the first Japanese adult case of @entity11448 treated successfully with @entity6335 . This case report suggests that @entity6335 may be effective for adult-onset @entity11448 in a manner similar to that described for pediatric cases.

title: A rare case of adult-onset XXXX treated successfully with @entity6335 .

answer: @entity11448 :: (MESH:D046768,Disease) :: ['nesidioblastosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity64 is the most prevalent @entity6220 . Since medical modalities are sometimes ineffective for the acute @entity4 following massive @entity1188 may be an effective option when medical treatments fail. The present study was undertaken to assess the outcome and prognostic factors of decompressive surgery in life threatening acute, severe, @entity4798 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed twenty-six @entity1 (17 males and 9 females; average age, 49.7yrs) who underwent decompressive surgery for severe @entity385 from January 2003 to December 2006. Surgical indication was based on the clinical signs such as @entity16 , pupillary reflex, and radiological findings. Clinical outcome was assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). RESULTS: Of the 26 @entity1 , 5 (19.2%) showed good recovery, 5 (19.2%) showed moderate disability, 2 (7.7%) severe disability, 6 (23.1%) persistent experienced vegetative state, and 8 (30.8%) @entity204 . In this study, the surgical decompression improved outcome for @entity1188 , but decompressive surgery did not show a good result for @entity2500 (30.8% overall mortality vs 100% mortality). The dominant-hemisphere @entity1188 showed worse prognosis, compared with nondominant-hemisphere @entity1188 (54.5% vs 70%). Poor prognostic factors were @entity6 , dominant-hemisphere @entity1188 and low preoperative Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 who exhibit clinical deterioration despite aggressive medical management following severe @entity385 should be considered for decompressive surgery. For better outcome, prompt surgical treatment is mandatory. We recommend that @entity1 with severe @entity385 should be referred to neurosurgical department primarily in emergency setting or as early as possible for such prompt surgical treatment.

title: Surgical treatment for acute, severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disease involving the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA infarction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction, surgical decompression', 'infarcts', 'cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral or cerebellar infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity4798 :: (MESH:D020520,Disease) :: ['brain infarction']


abstract: During recent years, the curative potential of radiotherapy versus surgery for @entity418 was investigated in randomized trials. A PubMED  , Medline  , and Web of Science   search identified six randomized studies comparing definitive (chemo-) radiotherapy with either surgery alone or surgery+/-induction treatment for @entity1 (n=929) with potentially resectable, mainly thoracic squamous cell (810/929 pts.) @entity418 . In three of the studies (440 pts.), resection alone was planned in the surgery arm, in three others induction chemoradiotherapy up to a total dose of 30-46 Gy followed by resection was scheduled (489 pts.). In the definitive radiation arms (+/-chemotherapy, conservative arm) total radiation doses of 45-71 Gy with differing fractionation schedules were planned. Summary hazard ratios for survival, loco-regional control and treatment related mortality were calculated from intent-to-treat data. Overall survival was equivalent between surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98 [95% CI 0.8-1.2, p=0.84]). There was a trend to more @entity5 related @entity204 in the definitive radiation+/-chemotherapy arms (HR 1.19 [0.98-1.44], p=0.07), predominantly due to a higher risk of loco-regional progression (HR 1.54 [1.2-1.98], p=0.0007) but treatment related mortality was lower in the conservative arms (HR 0.16 [0-0.89], p=0.001). Protocol compliance was better in the conservative arms. A high concurrent risk of distant metastases (HR 0.72 [0.52-1.01], p=0.06) worsens the @entity5 specific survival of the loco-regionally controlled, resected @entity1 with @entity1544 . The similar outcome in survival suggests that the safer approach of radiochemotherapy is a reasonable choice especially in comorbid @entity1 with @entity1721 .

title: Radiotherapy versus surgery within multimodality protocols for XXXX --a meta-analysis of the randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systematic assessment of brain and @entity135 with 4D-CE-MRA at 3T has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 4D-CE-MRA at 3T can replace DSA in the identification of feeding arteries and @entity5 stain to plan interventional procedures in hypervascular brain and @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 with brain and @entity135 underwent 4D-CE-MRA at 3T and DSA. 4D-CE-MRA combined randomly segmented central k-space ordering, keyhole imaging, SENSE, and half-Fourier imaging. We obtained 30 dynamic scans every 1.9 seconds at an acquired spatial resolution of 0.9   0.9   1.5 mm; the matrix was 256   256. Two independent observers inspected the 4D-CE-MRA images for the main arterial feeders and @entity5 stain. Interobserver and intermodality agreement was assessed by k statistics. RESULTS: For 4D-CE-MRA, the interobserver agreement was fair with respect to the main arterial feeders and very good for the degree of @entity5 stain (k = 0.28 and 0.87, respectively). Intermodality agreement was moderate for the main arterial feeders (k = 0.45) and good for the @entity5 stain (k = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although 4D-CE-MRA may be useful for evaluating @entity5 stain in hypervascular brain and @entity135 , it is not able to replace DSA in planning interventional procedures.

title: Evaluation of brain and XXXX with 4D contrast-enhanced MR angiography at 3T.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of @entity455 ( @entity455 ) and Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for elderly idiopathic @entity4254 @entity1 by analyzing the clinical outcome. METHODS: In the past 10 years, 27 elderly @entity1 were treated with @entity455 while 18 @entity1 were treated with GKRS (>65-years-old). We reviewed their clinical characteristics and clinical courses after treatment as well as the treatment outcomes. For @entity1 who were treated with @entity455 , additional treatment methods such as rhizotomy were combined in some areas. In GKRS, we radiated the root entry zone (REZ) with the mean maximum dose of 77.8 (70-84.3) Gy and one 4 mm collimator. RESULTS: The mean age was 68.1 years for @entity455 , and 71.1 years for GKS group. The average time interval between first presenting symptom and surgery was 84.1 (1-361) months, and 51.4 (1-120) months, respectively. The mean follow-up period after the surgery was 35.9 months for @entity455 , and 33.1 months for GKRS. According to @entity158 Intensity Scale, @entity455 group showed better prognosis with 17 (63%) cases in grade I-II versus 10 (55.6%) cases in GKRS group after the treatment. The @entity158 recurrence rate during follow up did not show much difference with 3 (11.1%) in @entity455 , and 2 (11.1%) in GKRS. After the treatment, 2 cases of @entity1183 , and 1 case each of @entity4091 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, hearing disturbance, and subdural @entity1410 occurred in @entity455 Group. In GKRS, there was 1 (5.6%) case of @entity809 but was not permanent. Three cases were retreated by GKRS but the prognosis was not as good as when the surgery was used as primary treatment, with 1 case of grade I-II, and 1 case of recurrence. The maximal relieve of @entity158 was seen just after surgery in @entity455 group, and 1 year after treatment in GKRS group. CONCLUSION: For @entity4254 @entity1 with advanced age, @entity455 showed advantages in immediately relieving the @entity158 . However, in overall, GKRS was preferable, despite the delayed @entity158 relief, due to the lower rate of surgical complications that arise owing to the old age.

title: The Treatment Outcome of Elderly @entity1 with XXXX : Micro-Vascular Decompression versus Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'micro-vascular decompression']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of @entity455 ( @entity455 ) and Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for elderly idiopathic @entity4254 @entity1 by analyzing the clinical outcome. METHODS: In the past 10 years, 27 elderly @entity1 were treated with @entity455 while 18 @entity1 were treated with GKRS (>65-years-old). We reviewed their clinical characteristics and clinical courses after treatment as well as the treatment outcomes. For @entity1 who were treated with @entity455 , additional treatment methods such as rhizotomy were combined in some areas. In GKRS, we radiated the root entry zone (REZ) with the mean maximum dose of 77.8 (70-84.3) Gy and one 4 mm collimator. RESULTS: The mean age was 68.1 years for @entity455 , and 71.1 years for GKS group. The average time interval between first presenting symptom and surgery was 84.1 (1-361) months, and 51.4 (1-120) months, respectively. The mean follow-up period after the surgery was 35.9 months for @entity455 , and 33.1 months for GKRS. According to @entity158 Intensity Scale, @entity455 group showed better prognosis with 17 (63%) cases in grade I-II versus 10 (55.6%) cases in GKRS group after the treatment. The @entity158 recurrence rate during follow up did not show much difference with 3 (11.1%) in @entity455 , and 2 (11.1%) in GKRS. After the treatment, 2 cases of @entity1183 , and 1 case each of @entity4091 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, hearing disturbance, and subdural @entity1410 occurred in @entity455 Group. In GKRS, there was 1 (5.6%) case of @entity809 but was not permanent. Three cases were retreated by GKRS but the prognosis was not as good as when the surgery was used as primary treatment, with 1 case of grade I-II, and 1 case of recurrence. The maximal relieve of @entity158 was seen just after surgery in @entity455 group, and 1 year after treatment in GKRS group. CONCLUSION: For @entity4254 @entity1 with advanced age, @entity455 showed advantages in immediately relieving the @entity158 . However, in overall, GKRS was preferable, despite the delayed @entity158 relief, due to the lower rate of surgical complications that arise owing to the old age.

title: The Treatment Outcome of Elderly XXXX with @entity4254 : Micro-Vascular Decompression versus Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The standard treatment strategy of @entity438 includes either endovascular coiling or microsurgical clipping. In certain situations such as in giant or dissecting @entity439 , bypass surgery followed by proximal occlusion or trapping of parent artery is required. METHODS: The authors assessed the result of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in the treatment of @entity438 in one institute between 2003 and 2007 retrospectively to propose its role as treatment modality. The outcomes of 15 @entity1 with complex @entity439 treated during the last 5 years were reviewed. Six male and 9 female @entity1 , aged 14 to 76 years, presented with symptoms related to @entity548 in 6 cases, transient @entity63 attack (TIA) in 2 unruptured cases, and permanent @entity1188 in one, and compressive symptoms in 3 cases. @entity439 were mainly in the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 11 cases, @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) in 2, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in one and posterior @entity5487 (PICA) in one case. RESULTS: The types of @entity439 were 8 cases of large to @entity439 , 5 cases of ICA @entity439 , one dissecting @entity439 , and one @entity2849 related to @entity130 . High-flow bypass surgery was done in 6 cases with radial artery graft (RAG) in five and saphenous vein graft (SVG) in one. Low-flow bypass was done in nine cases using superficial temporal artery (STA) in eight and occipital artery (OA) in one case. Parent @entity432 was performed with clipping in 9 @entity1 , with coiling in 4, and with balloon plus coil in 1. Direct @entity439 clip was done in one case. The follow up period ranged from 2 to 48 months (mean 15.0 months). There was no mortality case. The long-term clinical outcome measured by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) showed good or excellent outcome in 13/15. The overall surgery related morbidity was 20% (3/15) including 2 emergency bypass surgeries due to unexpected parent @entity432 during direct clipping procedure. The short-term postoperative bypass graft patency rates were 100% but the long-term bypass patency rates were 86.7% (13/15). Nonetheless, there was no bypass surgery related morbidity due to occlusion of the graft. CONCLUSION: Revascularization technique is a pivotal armament in managing complex @entity439 and scrupulous prior planning is essential to successful outcomes.

title: Result of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in the treatment of XXXX : outcomes in 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysms', 'blood blister-like aneurysms', 'giant size aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'complex intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['complex intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and surgical outcome of the @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 26 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity5 from August 1986 to July 2007. We analyzed clinical manifestation, preoperative MRI findings, extent of surgical resection, histopathologic type, adjuvant therapy, and outcomes. RESULTS: There were @entity424 (13), @entity279 (3), @entity362 (3), @entity816 (3), primitive @entity4969 (PNET) (2), mature @entity44 (1), and @entity8702 (1) on histopathologic type. @entity158 was the most common symptom and was seen in 80.8% of @entity1 . @entity158 or sensory change in the saddle area was seen in 50% of @entity1 and 2 @entity1 had severe @entity158 in the perineum and genitalia. Gross total or complete @entity5 resection was obtained in 80.8% of @entity1 . On surgical outcome, modified JOA score worsened in 26.9% of @entity1 , improved in 34.6%, and remained stable in 38.5%. The mean VAS score was improved from 5.4 to 1.8 among 21 @entity1 who had @entity615 and @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The surgical outcome of @entity5 mainly depends on preoperative @entity16 and pathological type. The surgical treatment of @entity5 needs understanding the anatomical and functional characteristics of @entity5 for better outcome.

title: Surgical treatment of primary XXXX in the conus medullaris.

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'conus meudllaris tumor', 'conus medullaris tumor', 'conus medullaris tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'leg pain', 'Leg pain']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['spinal tumors']


abstract: Emerging evidence suggests critical roles for @entity16966 in suppressing immune responses. Here, we show that zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, regulates cytokine secretion in DCs and macrophages to induce @entity1200 . First, zymosan induces DCs to secrete abundant @entity1618 but little IL-6 and IL-12(p70). Induction of @entity1618 is dependent on TLR2- and dectin-1-mediated activation of ERK MAPK via a mechanism independent of the activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Fos. Such DCs stimulate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells poorly due to @entity1618 and the lack of IL-6. Second, zymosan induces F4-80+ macrophages in the splenic red pulp to secrete TGF-beta. Consistent with these effects on @entity16966 , injection of zymosan plus OVA into @entity19 results in OVA-specific T cells that secrete little or no @entity630 or Th2 cytokines, but secrete robust levels of @entity1618 , and are unresponsive to challenge with OVA plus adjuvant. Finally, coinjection of zymosan with OVA plus LPS suppresses the response to OVA via a mechanism dependent on @entity1618 , TGF-beta, and lack of IL-6. Together, our data demonstrate that zymosan stimulates @entity1618 + IL-12(p70)- IL-6low regulatory DCs and TGF-beta+ macrophages to induce @entity1200 . These data suggest several targets for pharmacological modulation of immune responses in various clinical settings.

title: Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological tolerance']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['immunological tolerance']


abstract: Genetic variation in DNA repair may affect the clinical response to cytotoxic therapies. We investigated the effect of six single @entity377 polymorphisms of the @entity49727 , @entity44300 , @entity20822 , and @entity20823 genes on overall survival of 378 @entity1 with @entity788 who were treated at University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center during February 1999 to October 2004 and were followed up to October 2005. Genotypes were determined using the MassCode method. Survival was determined from pathologic diagnosis to @entity204 . @entity1 who were alive at the last follow-up evaluation were censored at that time. Kaplan-Meier plot, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used to compare overall survival by genotypes. A significant effect on survival of all @entity1 was observed for @entity49727 and @entity44300 genes. The median survival time was 19.2, 14.7, and 13.2 months for the @entity49727 159 AA, AC, and CC genotypes, and 16.4, 13.3, and 10.3 months for @entity44300 157 CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively. A significantly reduced survival was associated with the variant alleles of @entity20822 @entity41492 and @entity20823 @entity71511 in subgroup analysis. When the four genes were analyzed in combination, an increasing number of adverse alleles were associated with a significantly decreased survival. Subgroup analyses have shown that the genotype effect on survival was present among @entity1 without @entity3 or among @entity1 who receive radiotherapy. These observations suggest that polymorphisms of genes involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks significantly affect the clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: Significant effect of homologous recombination DNA repair gene polymorphisms on XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: To review the pharmacokinetic literature regarding @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) in @entity1 with @entity162 to evaluate the appropriateness of routine @entity734 ( @entity734 ) of @entity2052 in this population. Embase, Medline, Biosis, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases (to July 2009) were searched (terms: @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity162 , @entity162 , @entity162 , assay, concentration, drug level, serum level, plasma level, @entity734 , drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics). A 9-step decision-making algorithm was applied to the available @entity2052 literature in the @entity162 population. @entity2052 has been established as effective first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity162 . Commercial assays are available to accurately measure @entity2052 levels with good sensitivity and precision. Wide interpatient variability in @entity2052 pharmacokinetic parameters and long anticipated treatment durations favor the use of @entity734 in the @entity162 @entity1 . Conversely, correlations between @entity2052 levels and pharmacologic response in @entity1 , and specifically @entity1 with @entity162 are unclear. Compared with other agents known to have narrow therapeutic ranges, @entity2052 does not seem to share this characteristic. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2052 may be assessed in ways other than @entity734 , allowing for contributions by health care professionals, @entity1 , and family members. Despite the development of effective and widely available @entity2052 assays, routine monitoring of @entity2052 concentrations in the general @entity162 affective population does not seem warranted. However, @entity734 may enhance usual clinical monitoring in situations involving unusual @entity2052 metabolism, polytherapy with clinically relevant drug interactions, or as part of a comprehensive assessment of treatment compliance.

title: Does @entity1092 warrant @entity734 in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar mania', 'bipolar affective disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate semisodium', 'valproate', 'divalproex', 'valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'therapeutic drug monitoring']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar affective disorder']


abstract: To review the pharmacokinetic literature regarding @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) in @entity1 with @entity162 to evaluate the appropriateness of routine @entity734 ( @entity734 ) of @entity2052 in this population. Embase, Medline, Biosis, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases (to July 2009) were searched (terms: @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity162 , @entity162 , @entity162 , assay, concentration, drug level, serum level, plasma level, @entity734 , drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics). A 9-step decision-making algorithm was applied to the available @entity2052 literature in the @entity162 population. @entity2052 has been established as effective first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity162 . Commercial assays are available to accurately measure @entity2052 levels with good sensitivity and precision. Wide interpatient variability in @entity2052 pharmacokinetic parameters and long anticipated treatment durations favor the use of @entity734 in the @entity162 @entity1 . Conversely, correlations between @entity2052 levels and pharmacologic response in @entity1 , and specifically @entity1 with @entity162 are unclear. Compared with other agents known to have narrow therapeutic ranges, @entity2052 does not seem to share this characteristic. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2052 may be assessed in ways other than @entity734 , allowing for contributions by health care professionals, @entity1 , and family members. Despite the development of effective and widely available @entity2052 assays, routine monitoring of @entity2052 concentrations in the general @entity162 affective population does not seem warranted. However, @entity734 may enhance usual clinical monitoring in situations involving unusual @entity2052 metabolism, polytherapy with clinically relevant drug interactions, or as part of a comprehensive assessment of treatment compliance.

title: Does XXXX warrant @entity734 in @entity162 ?

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: To review the pharmacokinetic literature regarding @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) in @entity1 with @entity162 to evaluate the appropriateness of routine @entity734 ( @entity734 ) of @entity2052 in this population. Embase, Medline, Biosis, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases (to July 2009) were searched (terms: @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity162 , @entity162 , @entity162 , assay, concentration, drug level, serum level, plasma level, @entity734 , drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics). A 9-step decision-making algorithm was applied to the available @entity2052 literature in the @entity162 population. @entity2052 has been established as effective first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity162 . Commercial assays are available to accurately measure @entity2052 levels with good sensitivity and precision. Wide interpatient variability in @entity2052 pharmacokinetic parameters and long anticipated treatment durations favor the use of @entity734 in the @entity162 @entity1 . Conversely, correlations between @entity2052 levels and pharmacologic response in @entity1 , and specifically @entity1 with @entity162 are unclear. Compared with other agents known to have narrow therapeutic ranges, @entity2052 does not seem to share this characteristic. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2052 may be assessed in ways other than @entity734 , allowing for contributions by health care professionals, @entity1 , and family members. Despite the development of effective and widely available @entity2052 assays, routine monitoring of @entity2052 concentrations in the general @entity162 affective population does not seem warranted. However, @entity734 may enhance usual clinical monitoring in situations involving unusual @entity2052 metabolism, polytherapy with clinically relevant drug interactions, or as part of a comprehensive assessment of treatment compliance.

title: Does @entity1092 warrant XXXX in @entity162 ?

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['therapeutic drug monitoring']


abstract: @entity625 may develop after primary or recurrent @entity2065 or after surgery for stabilization. Postoperatively, the incidence is reported to be from 12% to 62%, depending on different risk factors. There is no certain correlation between the surgical technique and the rate of @entity4040 . Capsulorraphy @entity2720 is biomechanically and clinically a well defined entity. The risk of developing severe @entity4040 of the shoulder following dislocation of the shoulder is between 10 and 20 times greater in comparison to the normal population. Risk factors are the age during the first episode of instability, the age at instability surgery, bony lesions on the humeral head or the glenoid and rotator cuff tears.For mild stages of @entity625 , arthroscopic revision with removal of intraarticular metallic parts, arthroscopic debridement or arthroscopic arthrolysis of an @entity717 might be sufficient. For more severe stages mobilization of the @entity717 and glenohumeral arthroplasty are indicated. With sufficient integrity of the head and glenoid, a surface replacement is adequate. With intact rotator cuff and without bone graft the results for shoulder arthroplasty are comparable to those following primary omarthrosis. With a bone graft at the glenoidal side the risk for implant loosening is 10 times greater. For the functional outcome the quality of the rotator cuff, i.e. the @entity528 , is more predictive than the type of previous surgery or the preoperative @entity717 .

title: [ XXXX of instability. Causes, treatment options and results].

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Glenohumeral arthritis', 'glenohumeral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['internal rotation contracture', 'external rotation contracture']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dislocation']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['Arthropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Trial of a new procedure of @entity2650 repair based on the incorporation of the entire available innate urethral tissue for the formation of neo-urethra in @entity1 with @entity2650 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 , nine with @entity2650 and six with @entity4094 (all with severe chordee), whose parents consented to application of a new procedure of @entity2650 repair, were the study subjects. This procedure is inspired by Cantwell Ransley procedure for @entity7890 repair and Snodgras procedure for @entity2650 repair. The entire urethral plate was mobilized (i.e., lifted off the corpora) distal to the urethral meatus and was tubularized in two layers; inner urethral skin and outer spongiosal tissue, in Duplay fashion. The repair was reinforced with dartos vascularized flap. The skin incisions on the urethral strip are guided by the disposition of the spongiosal tissue underlying the urethral plate (rather than the conventional U-shaped incision on either side of hypospadiac urethral meatus). In the @entity1 with @entity4094 with severe chordee urethral advancement was combined to achieve orthoplasty and a single @entity5 repair. The catheter was removed on tenth postoperative day. RESULTS: Even in @entity1 with @entity4094 with severe chordee, good single staged repair was achieved without resorting to dorsal plication that would have been necessary had any other methods based on the preservation of urethral plate was performed in these subjects. Therefore, the procedure was found to have an extended applicability to even those @entity1 where tubularized incised urethral plate urethroplsty is not advised. All @entity1 had good results (in 1 year follow-up), except in three early subjects of the series; two of whom developed minor urethrocutaneous fistulae (probably due to frank urinary leak secondary to repeated catheter blockade) and one developed partial glanular wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: Though the authors have an initial limited experience with this procedure, the procedure is likely to have a promising future due to its versatility and utilization of the entire urethral tissue.

title: Is tubularization of the mobilized urethral plate a better alternative to tubularization of an incised urethral plate for XXXX repair?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['distal hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The proper role of surgical resection, given the various treatment modalities available, needs to be further clarified in @entity1 with a single large @entity157 ( @entity157 ). To evaluate the role of surgical resection in this group of @entity1 , we studied the long-term outcomes of @entity1 that received hepatic resection for a single large (> 5-10 cm in diameter) @entity157 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic data and long-term outcomes of 61 @entity1 with a single large @entity157 (> 5-10 cm in diameter; L group) were compared with those of 169 @entity1 with a single small @entity157 (< or = 5 cm; S group). Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Operative mortality rates were low in both groups (0.6% in group S and 1.6% in group L), and the incidence of @entity1578 was rare even in group L (1.6%). The cumulative 5-year overall survival rate in group S was 59.0%, whereas in group L it was 52.9% (p = 0.385), and the corresponding cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rates were 44.1% and 31.7%, respectively (p = 0.063). @entity1 class B was found to predict poor overall and disease-free survival by multivariate analysis versus @entity1 class A in both groups. The presence of microvascular invasion was also identified as a significant prognostic factor, but it only affected disease-free survival in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Single large HCCs do not require a large extent of hepatic resection and the associated increased risk of @entity1578 . The long-term survival of @entity1 with a single large @entity157 is as good as that of @entity1 with a single small @entity157 . We conclude that hepatic resection is a safe and effective therapy for single large HCCs.

title: Outcomes of hepatic resection for a single large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hepatic failure', 'postoperative liver failure']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is used in the prevention of @entity1224 . However, the efficacy of @entity1139 is still debatable, and the potential complications of @entity1139 use have been scarcely reported. We evaluated the efficacy and early complications of @entity1139 in a wound model of the subglottis. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized animal study. METHODS: Sixty @entity95 underwent a full-thickness injury to the posterior subglottis by diode laser. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups according to the different topical treatments of @entity1139 0.4 or 10 mg/mL or saline alone for 5 minutes. Animals were killed at 4 weeks, and gross and histologic findings were compared among different groups and 10 age-matched, non-wound, normal controls. RESULTS: Thirty-two of the 60 (53%) animals died mainly of acute @entity1224 by @entity39 , sloughs on, or cartilage collapse of the unhealed posterior subglottis during early weeks after wounding, higher in the @entity1139 -treated animals (67%) than in the wound controls (25%) (P = .007). This resulted from the significant delay of wound @entity446 in the @entity1139 -treated groups compared with the wound controls (P = .012). The degree of @entity5142 was comparable among different groups (P > .8), although collagen deposition was significantly lower in the @entity1139 -treated groups compared with the untreated controls (P = .036). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant risk of acute @entity1224 from delayed wound @entity446 in @entity95 that received subglottic laser wounding and @entity1139 treatment. This risk should be considered in the use of @entity1139 in clinical practice.

title: Can XXXX really prevent airway stenosis?

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway stenosis', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few studies have focused on long-term changes in the caregiving experience after @entity64 . This study assessed changes in the psychosocial functioning of spouses (burden, @entity308 , harmony in the relationship between @entity1 and spouse, and social relations) during the first 3 years after @entity64 and identified predictors of the course of spouses' psychosocial functioning based on the characteristics of @entity1 and spouses with special emphasis on coping style. METHODS: We examined 211 couples shortly after the @entity1 's admission to a rehabilitation center, 197 2 months after discharge, 187 1 year poststroke, and 121 3 years poststroke. Burden was assessed using the Caregiver Strain Index, @entity308 with the Goldberg Depression Scale, harmony in the relationship with the Interactional Problem Solving Inventory, and social relations with the Social Support List. Multilevel regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A significant effect of time (P<0.01) was found for all 4 aspects of spouses' psychosocial functioning. Although burden decreased, harmony in the relationship and social relations also decreased. The @entity308 score showed a nonlinear pattern with an initial decrease but a long-term increase. All outcomes were significantly related to caregiver coping strategies. A total of 15% to 27% of the variance in psychosocial functioning could be explained. CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up of spouses of @entity1 with @entity64 requires not only assessment of burden, but also other aspects of psychosocial functioning like harmony in the relationship, @entity308 , and social relations, because our results show negative long-term consequences of @entity64 for these aspects of caregiver quality of life.

title: Psychosocial functioning of spouses of @entity1 with XXXX from initial inpatient rehabilitation to 3 years poststroke: course and relations with coping strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few studies have focused on long-term changes in the caregiving experience after @entity64 . This study assessed changes in the psychosocial functioning of spouses (burden, @entity308 , harmony in the relationship between @entity1 and spouse, and social relations) during the first 3 years after @entity64 and identified predictors of the course of spouses' psychosocial functioning based on the characteristics of @entity1 and spouses with special emphasis on coping style. METHODS: We examined 211 couples shortly after the @entity1 's admission to a rehabilitation center, 197 2 months after discharge, 187 1 year poststroke, and 121 3 years poststroke. Burden was assessed using the Caregiver Strain Index, @entity308 with the Goldberg Depression Scale, harmony in the relationship with the Interactional Problem Solving Inventory, and social relations with the Social Support List. Multilevel regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A significant effect of time (P<0.01) was found for all 4 aspects of spouses' psychosocial functioning. Although burden decreased, harmony in the relationship and social relations also decreased. The @entity308 score showed a nonlinear pattern with an initial decrease but a long-term increase. All outcomes were significantly related to caregiver coping strategies. A total of 15% to 27% of the variance in psychosocial functioning could be explained. CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up of spouses of @entity1 with @entity64 requires not only assessment of burden, but also other aspects of psychosocial functioning like harmony in the relationship, @entity308 , and social relations, because our results show negative long-term consequences of @entity64 for these aspects of caregiver quality of life.

title: Psychosocial functioning of spouses of XXXX with @entity64 from initial inpatient rehabilitation to 3 years poststroke: course and relations with coping strategies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity3417 ( @entity3417 ) is based on the presence of high levels of @entity1674 (TGs) in the dialysate. It is a rare complication of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and even rarer in neonates. We report here the case of @entity3417 in a 1700-g male baby delivered at the 30th gestational week due to @entity340 and associated @entity2906 . On postnatal day 2, the serum @entity1011 (Scr) was 1.6 mg/dL, and he was anuric. @entity298 was instituted via a Tenckhoff catheter. At the end of the second week, after the initiation of enteral feeding, the ultrafiltrate became cloudy, with a leukocyte count of 900/mm(3). A treatment regimen consisting of intraperitoneal @entity2176 and @entity5505 was then started. Five days later, the fluid became milky, with a TG level of 251 mg/dL. The @entity1 was then placed on a diet based on medium-chain @entity1674 and @entity2390 (1 microg/kg/h; increasing up to 2 microg/kg/h over 15 days). Although the TG and leukocyte levels decreased, the milky appearance persisted. @entity298 was stopped for 2 days when the Scr decreased to 1.7 mg/dL. When it was resumed, the fluid was totally clear, with a TG level of 7 mg/dL. The @entity1 was discharged with a nightly intermittent @entity298 program and has had no recurrence. In summary, we report a preterm @entity1 who developed @entity3417 during @entity298 and recovered following treatment that included diet modification, @entity2390 , and temporary discontinuation of the @entity298 .

title: Resolution of @entity3417 in a preterm with XXXX , diet and cessation of dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chyloperitoneum', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valve']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity3417 ( @entity3417 ) is based on the presence of high levels of @entity1674 (TGs) in the dialysate. It is a rare complication of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and even rarer in neonates. We report here the case of @entity3417 in a 1700-g male baby delivered at the 30th gestational week due to @entity340 and associated @entity2906 . On postnatal day 2, the serum @entity1011 (Scr) was 1.6 mg/dL, and he was anuric. @entity298 was instituted via a Tenckhoff catheter. At the end of the second week, after the initiation of enteral feeding, the ultrafiltrate became cloudy, with a leukocyte count of 900/mm(3). A treatment regimen consisting of intraperitoneal @entity2176 and @entity5505 was then started. Five days later, the fluid became milky, with a TG level of 251 mg/dL. The @entity1 was then placed on a diet based on medium-chain @entity1674 and @entity2390 (1 microg/kg/h; increasing up to 2 microg/kg/h over 15 days). Although the TG and leukocyte levels decreased, the milky appearance persisted. @entity298 was stopped for 2 days when the Scr decreased to 1.7 mg/dL. When it was resumed, the fluid was totally clear, with a TG level of 7 mg/dL. The @entity1 was discharged with a nightly intermittent @entity298 program and has had no recurrence. In summary, we report a preterm @entity1 who developed @entity3417 during @entity298 and recovered following treatment that included diet modification, @entity2390 , and temporary discontinuation of the @entity298 .

title: Resolution of XXXX in a preterm with @entity2390 , diet and cessation of dialysis.

answer: @entity3417 :: (MESH:D002915,Disease) :: ['chyloperitoneum']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of muscle relaxants ( @entity5159 ) on the outcomes of intermittent @entity5770 surgery under general anesthesia, with a focus on resection procedures. METHODS: Thirty four @entity1 who underwent recession and resection (R_R) were divided into two groups: @entity5159 usage (group A, n=18) and no @entity5159 usage (group B, n=16). @entity1 were divided into two subgroups according to the amount of resection of the medial rectus (MR): less than 5 mm (group 1, n=13) or 5 mm and greater (group 2, n=21). Deviation angles were compared between groups and subgroups. Surgical outcome was defined as successful if distant deviation angles were equal to or less than 10 prism diopters. RESULTS: The overall postoperative deviation angles did not show statistically significant differences between groups A and B. However, in @entity1 with larger MR resections (> or = 5 mm), the 1 week postoperative distant deviation was significantly larger in group A (1.8+/-2.6 PD) than in group B (-1.6+/-4.6 PD, p=0.048 by t-test). The overall undercorrection rate at 3 months postoperatively for group A was 16.7%, which was higher than that of group B (6.3%), and the difference was even larger in subgroups with larger MR resections (> or = 5 mm): 18.2% in group A and 0% in group B. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who underwent R_R procedures under general anesthesia with a muscle relaxant tended to be less corrected than those without muscle relaxant, especially in the early postoperative period and with a larger MR resection equal to or greater than 5 mm. However, there was no significant difference in the later postoperative period.

title: Effect of muscle relaxants on short-term results of XXXX surgery: a focus on resection procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine risk factors, treatment, and outcomes for @entity390 / @entity391 (N/V) and heartburn during pregnancy. METHODS: We included 2731 @entity1 from a prospective cohort study of @entity1085 in pregnancy. Subjects completed questionnaires at enrollment, early third trimester, and 4-6 weeks postpartum. We used logistic regression to examine independent predictors of @entity344 . RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of pregnant @entity1 experienced either heartburn and/or N/V. Independent predictors for heartburn included prepregnancy heartburn (OR 5.28, 95% CI 3.78-7.37), multigravidity, prepregnancy body mass index, and pregnancy @entity1017 . Independent predictors for N/V included prepregnancy N/V (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.52-3.31), other digestive problems prepregnancy, younger age, single gestation, and carrying a female fetus. 11% of @entity1 with N/V and 47% of @entity1 with heartburn used pharmacologic therapy. @entity1 born to @entity1 with heartburn had significantly higher birth weights (p = 0.03), but gestational age at delivery was not significantly different. N/V was not associated with birth weight or gestational age at delivery. 19.7% of @entity1 with heartburn during pregnancy reported postpartum heartburn. CONCLUSIONS: Heartburn and N/V are common pregnancy symptoms, particularly among @entity1 with a history of such symptoms. Neither condition appears to adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy. Pregnancy-related heartburn predisposes to early postpartum heartburn.

title: @entity390 , XXXX , and heartburn in pregnancy: a prospective look at risk, treatment, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']