abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity16891 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity1 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity460 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity1011 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity18377 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity4028 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity706 and @entity3243 excluded. @entity1 were stratified by histologic type of @entity5 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity1 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity16891 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity175 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity1 randomized to receive @entity16891 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity175 ; @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity413 solution to simulate @entity16891 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity1 who received @entity16891 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity1 who received @entity175 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity14645 therapy was 6 days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 compared with 1 day for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 and 2 days for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity1483 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16891 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 .

title: @entity16891 for acute treatment of @entity5 -related @entity2741 . A randomized, double-blind comparison to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity16891 :: ('MESH:C027235', 'Chemical') :: ['gallium nitrate', 'Gallium nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity18377 :: ('MESH:D008926', 'Chemical') :: ['mithramycin']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity16891 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity1 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity460 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity1011 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity18377 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity4028 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity706 and @entity3243 excluded. @entity1 were stratified by histologic type of @entity5 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity1 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity16891 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity175 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity1 randomized to receive @entity16891 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity175 ; @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity413 solution to simulate @entity16891 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity1 who received @entity16891 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity1 who received @entity175 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity14645 therapy was 6 days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 compared with 1 day for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 and 2 days for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity1483 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16891 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 .

title: XXXX for acute treatment of @entity5 -related @entity2741 . A randomized, double-blind comparison to @entity175 .

answer: @entity16891 :: (MESH:C027235,Chemical) :: ['Gallium nitrate']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity16891 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity1 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity460 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity1011 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity18377 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity4028 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity706 and @entity3243 excluded. @entity1 were stratified by histologic type of @entity5 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity1 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity16891 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity175 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity1 randomized to receive @entity16891 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity175 ; @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity413 solution to simulate @entity16891 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity1 who received @entity16891 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity1 who received @entity175 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity14645 therapy was 6 days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 compared with 1 day for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 and 2 days for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity1483 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16891 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 .

title: @entity16891 for acute treatment of @entity5 -related XXXX . A randomized, double-blind comparison to @entity175 .

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity16891 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity1 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity460 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity1011 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity18377 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity4028 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity706 and @entity3243 excluded. @entity1 were stratified by histologic type of @entity5 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity1 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity16891 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity175 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity1 randomized to receive @entity16891 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity175 ; @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity413 solution to simulate @entity16891 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity1 who received @entity16891 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity1 who received @entity175 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity14645 therapy was 6 days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 compared with 1 day for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 and 2 days for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity1483 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16891 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 .

title: @entity16891 for acute treatment of XXXX -related @entity2741 . A randomized, double-blind comparison to @entity175 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and to evaluate the influence of disease activity and use of corticosteroids. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on @entity79 of 118 premenopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 . @entity1 were divided into 2 groups, 74 who had been treated with @entity288 and 44 who had not. @entity79 at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter was measured. RESULTS: @entity79 in @entity1 without and with @entity228 treatment was 1.13 +/- 0.13 vs 1.05 +/- 0.14 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at lumbar spine, 0.92 +/- 0.12 vs 0.86 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at femoral neck, and 0.78 +/- 0.13 vs 0.72 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.014) at trochanter, respectively. Stepwise multilinear regression analysis showed that corticosteroid exposure was independently associated with decreased @entity79 in the corticosteroid treated @entity1 (r2 = 7% for lumbar and 6.6% for trochanter model). No significant difference in @entity79 in corticosteroid treated @entity1 appeared when they were subgrouped according to whether they were taking @entity460 supplements. Prevalence of @entity170 at lumbar spine in corticosteroid treated @entity1 was 1.4%, and was lower than reported for age and sex matched Caucasians. CONCLUSION: @entity79 measurements were significantly lower in premenopausal @entity1252 @entity1 who had had corticosteroid treatment than those who had not. There was a negative correlation between @entity79 and corticosteroid therapy, but not disease activity. Prevalence of @entity170 , based on lumbar spine @entity79 , was lower than that reported in Caucasians.

title: Bone mineral density in premenopausal @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and to evaluate the influence of disease activity and use of corticosteroids. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on @entity79 of 118 premenopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 . @entity1 were divided into 2 groups, 74 who had been treated with @entity288 and 44 who had not. @entity79 at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter was measured. RESULTS: @entity79 in @entity1 without and with @entity228 treatment was 1.13 +/- 0.13 vs 1.05 +/- 0.14 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at lumbar spine, 0.92 +/- 0.12 vs 0.86 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at femoral neck, and 0.78 +/- 0.13 vs 0.72 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.014) at trochanter, respectively. Stepwise multilinear regression analysis showed that corticosteroid exposure was independently associated with decreased @entity79 in the corticosteroid treated @entity1 (r2 = 7% for lumbar and 6.6% for trochanter model). No significant difference in @entity79 in corticosteroid treated @entity1 appeared when they were subgrouped according to whether they were taking @entity460 supplements. Prevalence of @entity170 at lumbar spine in corticosteroid treated @entity1 was 1.4%, and was lower than reported for age and sex matched Caucasians. CONCLUSION: @entity79 measurements were significantly lower in premenopausal @entity1252 @entity1 who had had corticosteroid treatment than those who had not. There was a negative correlation between @entity79 and corticosteroid therapy, but not disease activity. Prevalence of @entity170 , based on lumbar spine @entity79 , was lower than that reported in Caucasians.

title: Bone mineral density in premenopausal XXXX with @entity1252 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Functional antimuscarinic receptor autoantibodies have recently been described in both primary and secondary Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) in a @entity19 bladder contraction assay. Most @entity1 with these antibodies complained of severe lower urinary tract disturbances, which are not a recognized feature of @entity244 . We compared the severity of self-reported urological symptoms, daytime somnolence, and fatigue between a cohort of @entity1 with primary @entity244 and controls with @entity571 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Female @entity1 were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics at 2 hospitals. The American Urological Symptom Index (AUA-7), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and FACIT-F fatigue self-administered instruments were employed. Results were obtained for 76 @entity1 with primary @entity244 and 43 controls (response rates 85% and 67%, respectively). The @entity1 groups were matched for parity, hormone replacement and diuretic therapy, and number of bladder operations and urinary tract infections, although @entity571 @entity1 were slightly older. RESULTS: AUA-7 urological symptoms were more severe in @entity1 with primary @entity244 compared to @entity571 controls (p = 0.039). Severe urological symptoms were reported by 61% of primary @entity244 @entity1 compared with 40% of @entity571 controls. This difference was predominantly attributable to bladder @entity146 associated with urgency (p = 0.015) and not @entity2183 (p = 0.85). Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were also more severe in primary @entity244 @entity1 compared to @entity571 controls (p = 0.02), independent of @entity2183 . The FACIT-F fatigue severity scores were not significantly different between @entity1 groups (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: Urological symptoms and daytime somnolence may be previously unrecognized symptoms of primary @entity244 . These symptoms are consistent with functional disturbances of muscarinic receptors, possibly mediated by muscarinic receptor autoantibodies.

title: Increased severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and daytime somnolence in primary Sj  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['gren's syndrome']


abstract: Previous studies showed that sperm auto- and alloantigens participate in @entity840 (GP) fertilization. In an effort to determine how alloantibodies to GP sperm acrosomal contents (AC) inhibit fertilization, we identified acrosomal auto- and alloantigens using Western blots. The predominant autoantigens migrated with Mr = 25,000, Mr = 51,000, and Mr = 55,000 under nonreducing conditions. The primary (Mr = 25,000) acrosomal autoantigen, @entity70965 , was purified to homogeneity from AC by gel filtration, cation-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, and a final gel filtration. We also purified @entity70965 from an acidic @entity653 extract of spermatozoa by gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and high-performance liquid chromatography on hydroxylapatite. @entity70965 is a protein and shares at least one antigenic determinant with a 51,000 Mr acrosomal component. @entity70965 is acrosome-specific, as determined by immunoabsorption and by indirect immunofluorescence on testicular cells. By quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, @entity70965 comprises 6.4% of acrosomal protein in GP spermatozoa. On the basis of its physiochemical properties and localization, we conclude that @entity70965 is a unique sperm autoantigen. Surprisingly, several antibody preparations, including allo- and heteroantibodies with high anti- @entity70965 titers, did not inhibit fertilization in vitro. Thus, the mechanism by which alloantibodies to AC inhibit GP fertilization in vitro is not by binding to @entity70965 .

title: Purification and characterization of the primary acrosomal autoantigen of XXXX epididymal spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: A study was carried out on 27 @entity1 (22 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) suffering from @entity1086 confirmed through surgery or autopsy. The examinations were performed with a real-time scanner and 3.5 MHz transducer. Lately, higher resolution transducers (5 MHz and 7.5 MHz) have been employed which have proven more effective due to their improved resolution. The importance is stressed of scanning @entity1 in different positions in order to allow stones and echogenic material to redistribute inside the gallbladder. A correct diagnosis was obtained in 20/27 cases. Bile duct metastases were correctly evaluated by US in 13/13 cases; liver metastases in 25/27 @entity1 . US proved unreliable in those cases where lymph nodes were involved (0/4). Six @entity1 underwent scanning few months, or even years, before the onset of the symptoms. Three @entity1 presented with @entity5 , whose wall thickening and shadowing of the external wall had been incorrectly evaluated. In the other 3 cases the gallbladder was filled with stones and had thick and constricted walls. There was only a case of invisible @entity189 . @entity1086 has often an unfavorable prognosis due to its being diagnosed in an advanced stage. The prognosis of such @entity1 can be improved through an earlier US diagnosis only. The first step in this direction seems to be the identification of the precursor lesions.

title: [Potentials of echography in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fundic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder carcinoma', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: Enhanced biological @entity3151 removal (EBPR) activated sludge was operated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with @entity598 as the sole @entity505 source. The microbial community of the sludge was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method for about 2 months of start-up period. As a result, the number of major bands decreased during the enrichment, indicating that the microbial community structure was getting simpler. Since the @entity1391 removal activity was maintained at a high level, the bacteria which still remained at the end can be considered as the important bacteria playing key roles in the present EBPR sludge, maybe polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The dominant band in the last sample on the DGGE gel was excised and the DNA recovered from it was sequenced. The sequence was closely related to one of the putative PAOs group which Crocetti et al. (2000) and Hesselmann et al. (1999) have proposed. This PAOs group is closely related to the Rhodocyclus group (b-Proteobacteria). The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method with the probe specific for this PAOs group and the DAPI staining at a @entity1391 -probing concentration indirectly showed that these Rhodocyclus related bacteria really accumulated @entity26082 .

title: Analysis of microbial community that performs enhanced biological XXXX removal in activated sludge fed with @entity598 .

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity26082 :: ('CHEBI:16838', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: Enhanced biological @entity3151 removal (EBPR) activated sludge was operated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with @entity598 as the sole @entity505 source. The microbial community of the sludge was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method for about 2 months of start-up period. As a result, the number of major bands decreased during the enrichment, indicating that the microbial community structure was getting simpler. Since the @entity1391 removal activity was maintained at a high level, the bacteria which still remained at the end can be considered as the important bacteria playing key roles in the present EBPR sludge, maybe polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The dominant band in the last sample on the DGGE gel was excised and the DNA recovered from it was sequenced. The sequence was closely related to one of the putative PAOs group which Crocetti et al. (2000) and Hesselmann et al. (1999) have proposed. This PAOs group is closely related to the Rhodocyclus group (b-Proteobacteria). The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method with the probe specific for this PAOs group and the DAPI staining at a @entity1391 -probing concentration indirectly showed that these Rhodocyclus related bacteria really accumulated @entity26082 .

title: Analysis of microbial community that performs enhanced biological @entity3151 removal in activated sludge fed with XXXX .

answer: @entity598 :: (CHEBI:47622,Chemical) :: ['acetate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of peer @entity15285 and its influence on behavior change. METHODS: Coaches who were known to be successfully managing their @entity6 were paired with individuals who were struggling with behavior change associated with managing @entity6 . The pairs were matched according to age, sex, and physical appearance. Coaches met initially with @entity1 in a face-to-face meeting for 1 hour and talked with them once a week for 10 to 15 minutes for the next 8 weeks. The initial interview and subsequent phone conversations focused on the @entity1 's problems and efforts at behavior change. RESULTS: At the end of the study, the pairs participated in a videotaped focus group to discuss their views on @entity15285 and its influence on behavior change. @entity1 reported that @entity15285 was personal, useful in disease management, and helpful in their quest to establish and adhere to routines of care. @entity1 also reported making progress toward changing their behavior related to diet, exercise, and blood @entity413 monitoring. Sustained behavior change was not measured. CONCLUSIONS: Peer @entity15285 appears to have merit as a viable, low-cost intervention with the potential of helping individuals with @entity6 who need to change their behavior.

title: Peer @entity15285 : an intervention for individuals struggling with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of peer @entity15285 and its influence on behavior change. METHODS: Coaches who were known to be successfully managing their @entity6 were paired with individuals who were struggling with behavior change associated with managing @entity6 . The pairs were matched according to age, sex, and physical appearance. Coaches met initially with @entity1 in a face-to-face meeting for 1 hour and talked with them once a week for 10 to 15 minutes for the next 8 weeks. The initial interview and subsequent phone conversations focused on the @entity1 's problems and efforts at behavior change. RESULTS: At the end of the study, the pairs participated in a videotaped focus group to discuss their views on @entity15285 and its influence on behavior change. @entity1 reported that @entity15285 was personal, useful in disease management, and helpful in their quest to establish and adhere to routines of care. @entity1 also reported making progress toward changing their behavior related to diet, exercise, and blood @entity413 monitoring. Sustained behavior change was not measured. CONCLUSIONS: Peer @entity15285 appears to have merit as a viable, low-cost intervention with the potential of helping individuals with @entity6 who need to change their behavior.

title: Peer XXXX : an intervention for individuals struggling with @entity6 .

answer: @entity15285 :: (MESH:C536430,Disease) :: ['coaching']


abstract: Since there are no prospective studies concerning the treatment of @entity259 , there continues to be a considerable disagreement about the 'best' or most appropriate form of surgical treatment for @entity1 with @entity3557 . Some surgeons recommend selective treatment depending upon the type of @entity259 and stage of the disease. Some advocate thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy, some near total thyroidectomy, and some total thyroidectomy for @entity1 with @entity3557 . Total thyroidectomy for @entity259 would be the treatment of choice for virtually all @entity1 with @entity259 if it could be done without complications. We therefore reviewed 160 consecutive @entity1 who had total thyroidectomy for suspected or proven @entity259 to determine the complication rate of total thyroidectomy. One hundred and three @entity1 had primary operations, 57 had reoperations with completion of total thyroidectomy and 124 had @entity259 . Serious complications (i.e. vocal @entity912 or @entity261 ) included two cases of transient bilateral recurrent @entity129 , two @entity1 with presumed transient unilateral vocal @entity912 , three recurrent laryngeal nerves that were purposely sacrificed because of invasion of the nerve, and one case of @entity2319 . Two other @entity1 developed @entity6081 . Only one of the permanent complications, the case of @entity2319 , could have been avoided by a lesser procedure. The experienced surgeon can perform a total thyroidectomy with minimal morbidity, and this procedure has certain theoretical and practical advantages. It should not be done, however, if it will result in a significant complication rate and, in selected @entity1 , it may be preferable to leave a small amount of thyroid tissue to protect the blood supply to the @entity3243 or recurrent laryngeal nerve.

title: XXXX : the case for total thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary or follicular thyroid cancer', 'papillary and follicular thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid glands']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid tumor', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['cord paralysis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The value of noninvasive markers reflecting repolarization and/or conduction abnormalities in identifying @entity1 with abnormal ECG showing a pattern of atypical @entity714 and ST elevation syndrome ( @entity1789 ) at risk for life-threatening @entity943 is controversial. Because right precordial ST elevation reflects inhomogeneous repolarization, we hypothesized that a correlation between the area of ST elevation, that is, the area of inhomogeneous repolarization, and the inducibility of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) exists. Therefore, the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials were compared to the inducibility of @entity1165 in @entity1 with the characteristic ECG of @entity1789 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A 120-channel body surface potential map was recorded at rest and after administration of a Class I agent ( @entity8655 , 1 mg/kg) to measure the body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) in 23 individuals (16 @entity1 had been resuscitated from near @entity1164 or had @entity1163 ) with an ECG compatible with the diagnosis of @entity1789 as well as in 15 healthy controls and in 15 @entity1 with @entity4128 . Late potentials were assessed in 20 of the Brugada @entity1 using signal-averaged ECG. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed at two ventricular sites with up to three extrastimuli. Mean body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) of all @entity1789 @entity1 was 154 +/- 139 cm2 (control 9 +/- 9 cm2; P < 0.001). In the group of @entity1 with @entity4128 , only one @entity1 was found to have an area of ST elevation (165 cm2). In the presence of ajmaline, area size increased to 330 +/- 223 cm2 in @entity1789 @entity1 (P < 0.05). In @entity1 with inducible sustained (n = 15) and nonsustained @entity1165 (n = 3), a mean area of 183 +/- 139 cm2 was found, whereas the area was only 52 +/- 58 cm2 in those with no @entity1165 induction (P < 0.05). For an area > or = 50 cm2, there were positive and negative predictive values of 92% and 60%, respectively. Positive late potentials were found in 60% of @entity1 and correlated to the inducibility during programmed ventricular stimulation (positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 75%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1789 , the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of @entity1165 during programmed ventricular stimulation and may be of value as a new noninvasive marker for risk stratification in these @entity1 .

title: Body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of XXXX in @entity1789 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity8655 :: ('MESH:D000404', 'Chemical') :: ['ajmaline']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['suffered syncope']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The value of noninvasive markers reflecting repolarization and/or conduction abnormalities in identifying @entity1 with abnormal ECG showing a pattern of atypical @entity714 and ST elevation syndrome ( @entity1789 ) at risk for life-threatening @entity943 is controversial. Because right precordial ST elevation reflects inhomogeneous repolarization, we hypothesized that a correlation between the area of ST elevation, that is, the area of inhomogeneous repolarization, and the inducibility of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) exists. Therefore, the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials were compared to the inducibility of @entity1165 in @entity1 with the characteristic ECG of @entity1789 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A 120-channel body surface potential map was recorded at rest and after administration of a Class I agent ( @entity8655 , 1 mg/kg) to measure the body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) in 23 individuals (16 @entity1 had been resuscitated from near @entity1164 or had @entity1163 ) with an ECG compatible with the diagnosis of @entity1789 as well as in 15 healthy controls and in 15 @entity1 with @entity4128 . Late potentials were assessed in 20 of the Brugada @entity1 using signal-averaged ECG. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed at two ventricular sites with up to three extrastimuli. Mean body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) of all @entity1789 @entity1 was 154 +/- 139 cm2 (control 9 +/- 9 cm2; P < 0.001). In the group of @entity1 with @entity4128 , only one @entity1 was found to have an area of ST elevation (165 cm2). In the presence of ajmaline, area size increased to 330 +/- 223 cm2 in @entity1789 @entity1 (P < 0.05). In @entity1 with inducible sustained (n = 15) and nonsustained @entity1165 (n = 3), a mean area of 183 +/- 139 cm2 was found, whereas the area was only 52 +/- 58 cm2 in those with no @entity1165 induction (P < 0.05). For an area > or = 50 cm2, there were positive and negative predictive values of 92% and 60%, respectively. Positive late potentials were found in 60% of @entity1 and correlated to the inducibility during programmed ventricular stimulation (positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 75%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1789 , the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of @entity1165 during programmed ventricular stimulation and may be of value as a new noninvasive marker for risk stratification in these @entity1 .

title: Body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of @entity1165 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada syndrome']


abstract: Hereditary nonneuropathic systemic lysozyme @entity2783 is a very rare form of @entity2783 , and only 4 families with this condition have been detailed until now in the literature. Clinical manifestations of lysozyme @entity2783 observed until now mainly concerned the kidneys, liver, and digestive tract. We report here a new family with @entity14756 who presented predominantly with @entity344 . The proband, a middle-aged @entity1 , underwent partial gastrectomy for a hemorrhagic " @entity2275 " in 1984. @entity344 was diagnosed in 1998 on biopsies performed on the gastroduodenal @entity254 , which appeared to be very congestive at presentation. Immunohistochemical stainings in tissue sections were positive for lysozyme. Amyloid was also observed in the @entity694 . The @entity1 had a mutation in the lysozyme gene characterized by substitution of the @entity535 at position 64 in the mature protein from @entity2340 to @entity369 , previously described in only 1 French family with prominent @entity8 . It is interesting to note that her father had died many years before with an uncharacterized digestive @entity2783 . Our observation shows that a search for @entity344 is important, particularly when physicians are faced with @entity548 , or abdominal symptoms. When @entity344 is diagnosed, it is important to determine with precision the nature of the amyloid fibril proteins, because various types of @entity2783 can involve the gastrointestinal tract.

title: A family with XXXX associated with variant lysozyme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['congestive mucosa, unexplained abdominal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal amyloidosis', 'Gastrointestinal amyloidosis', 'gastrointestinal involvement']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity14756 :: ('MESH:D028226', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary lysozyme amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric peptic ulcer']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal amyloidosis']


abstract: The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a phase III trial in @entity1 with @entity11 to evaluate 4 treatment arms: 1) 60 Gy to the whole brain; 2) 60 Gy plus 10-Gy boost; 3) 60 Gy plus @entity3600 (BCNU); and 4) 60 Gy plus semustine plus @entity2699 . Between September 1974 and March 1979, 626 @entity1 with @entity11 were treated on protocol RTOG 7401/ECOG 1374. Each institution chose a subset of the treatments to which the @entity1 would be randomized. @entity1 were stratified according to subset and randomized to the 4 treatment arms. There were no differences in survival among treatment arms. For @entity1 greater than 60 years of age, the addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy did not improve survival. For @entity1 aged 40-60 years, there was a statistically significant increase in overall survival when BCNU was added to 60 Gy (P less than .01), with an increase in 2-year survival from 8% to 23%. This beneficial effect of BCNU is apparent in both histological groups ( @entity816 with atypical or anaplastic foci and @entity463 multiforme). Although few confirmatory autopsies are available, long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity816 with atypical and anaplastic foci who were treated with 60 Gy plus BCNU (5-yr survival, 22%) suggests no significant late CNS @entity137 , compared to 60 Gy alone (5-yr survival, 15%). This is confirmed by comparable neurological function in long-term survivors.

title: Combined modality approach to treatment of XXXX --re-evaluation of RTOG 7401/ECOG 1374 with long-term follow-up: a joint study of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: Traumatic @entity438 in childhood are rare. To date, 67 well-documented cases in @entity1 have been reported. We present 2 additional cases and review the literature. @entity439 can best be categorized based on mechanism of injury and location. @entity439 secondary to penetrating @entity130 occur most commonly in teenage @entity1 suffering gunshot wounds. @entity439 secondary to nonpenetrating @entity130 occur at the skull base or in the periphery, with motor vehicle accidents and @entity998 as the most common modes of injury. Skull base @entity439 most commonly involve the petrous, cavernous, or supraclinoid carotid artery and also show a predominance in teenage @entity1 . Peripheral @entity439 can further be divided into distal anterior cerebral @entity438 secondary to @entity438 associated with an overlying skull fracture. Peripheral @entity439 tend to occur in younger @entity1 with a less marked male predominance. Two-thirds of the @entity1 suffered symptomatic @entity548 , with an associated mortality rate of 31%. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of traumatic @entity438 are discussed.

title: Traumatic XXXX in childhood: two cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic aneurysms', 'Aneurysms', 'Traumatic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'trauma against the falcine edge and distal cortical artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Nine strains of anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacilli, isolated from the @entity1 oral cavity and provisionally identified as belonging to the genus Eubacterium, were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genetic tests. Biochemically, they were found to comprise a homogeneous group, and phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA sequences indicated that they constitute a unique branch within the Clostridium-Bacillus subphylum of the phylum Firmicutes. All of the isolates displayed an unusual colonial morphology after extended incubation. This resembled a contaminated culture in that small, secondary colonies were seen to arise around and from within the primary colony form, and a third, independent, colony type was also seen. However, inspection of the colonies by Gram-staining and scanning electron microscopy together with protein profile analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of the two independent colony types revealed that only a single organism was present. A new genus, Shuttleworthia, and the species Shuttleworthia satelles gen. nov., sp. nov., are proposed. The cells are saccharolytic, and @entity598 , @entity4876 and @entity880 are produced as end products of @entity413 fermentation. Aesculin is hydrolysed and @entity104 is produced. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 51 mol%. The type strain is strain DSM 14600T (= CCUG 45864T = VPI @entity70966 ).

title: Shuttleworthia satelles gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the XXXX oral cavity.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 Vgamma9/Vdelta2(+) T lymphocytes participate in the immune response against intracellular pathogens through the secretion of type-1 cytokines and chemokines and by killing of infected cells. Little is known of the effects by type-2 differentiation of gamma delta cells on these functions. Here, we report that bona fide naive cord blood-derived gamma delta lymphocytes expanded in vitro with the mycobacterial antigen @entity23159 ( @entity34486 ) can be differentiated as either type-1 or type-2 cells, in the presence of an appropriate cytokine milieu. Instead, peripheral gamma delta cells from PPD-negative healthy adults displayed a type-1 cytokine profile, i.e. IPP-stimulated secretion of @entity379 , but not of @entity3646 and @entity688 . Moreover, they released the @entity12868 , but not @entity687 nor the Th2 chemoattractants I-309 and @entity14420 ( @entity14420 ). This cytokine profile was not significantly affected by in vitro culture in Th2 polarizing conditions. Only in one case out of seven were peripheral gamma delta cells fully differentiated to type-2 lymphocytes, characterized by sustained @entity3646 and @entity688 production, along with secretion of substantial amounts of @entity687 , I-309 and @entity14420 . Type-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes preferentially expressed the co-stimulatory molecule @entity5823 ; conversely, no skewing in @entity436 expression was observed. Both polarized populations displayed high levels of @entity366 in the absence of @entity23427 , @entity16952 and @entity5075 . Finally, type-1, but not type-2, gamma delta T lymphocytes killed IPP-pulsed U937 cells and displayed elevated perforin content. Overall, our data suggest that type-2 differentiation of gamma delta T lymphocytes profoundly affects both their effector functions and their potential to recruit the appropriate leukocyte subsets to the sites of @entity32 .

title: Skewing of cytotoxic activity and chemokine production, but not of XXXX expression, in @entity1 type-1/-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23159 :: ('MESH:C004809', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentenyl pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity12868 :: ('6351', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta']

entities_list: @entity14420 :: ('6361', 'Gene') :: ['TARC', 'thymus and activation-regulated chemokine']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity436 :: (7852,Gene) :: ['chemokine receptor']


abstract: @entity1 Vgamma9/Vdelta2(+) T lymphocytes participate in the immune response against intracellular pathogens through the secretion of type-1 cytokines and chemokines and by killing of infected cells. Little is known of the effects by type-2 differentiation of gamma delta cells on these functions. Here, we report that bona fide naive cord blood-derived gamma delta lymphocytes expanded in vitro with the mycobacterial antigen @entity23159 ( @entity34486 ) can be differentiated as either type-1 or type-2 cells, in the presence of an appropriate cytokine milieu. Instead, peripheral gamma delta cells from PPD-negative healthy adults displayed a type-1 cytokine profile, i.e. IPP-stimulated secretion of @entity379 , but not of @entity3646 and @entity688 . Moreover, they released the @entity12868 , but not @entity687 nor the Th2 chemoattractants I-309 and @entity14420 ( @entity14420 ). This cytokine profile was not significantly affected by in vitro culture in Th2 polarizing conditions. Only in one case out of seven were peripheral gamma delta cells fully differentiated to type-2 lymphocytes, characterized by sustained @entity3646 and @entity688 production, along with secretion of substantial amounts of @entity687 , I-309 and @entity14420 . Type-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes preferentially expressed the co-stimulatory molecule @entity5823 ; conversely, no skewing in @entity436 expression was observed. Both polarized populations displayed high levels of @entity366 in the absence of @entity23427 , @entity16952 and @entity5075 . Finally, type-1, but not type-2, gamma delta T lymphocytes killed IPP-pulsed U937 cells and displayed elevated perforin content. Overall, our data suggest that type-2 differentiation of gamma delta T lymphocytes profoundly affects both their effector functions and their potential to recruit the appropriate leukocyte subsets to the sites of @entity32 .

title: Skewing of cytotoxic activity and chemokine production, but not of @entity436 expression, in XXXX type-1/-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2819 concentration and the immune cell composition were measured in @entity35 exposed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to different doses (10-500 mg kg(-1)) of @entity43963 (Ace) and 250 micro g kg(-1) of interleukin 1 (IL-1), either alone or in combination. Two different combination protocols were used: IL-1 and Ace were administered simultaneously; and IL-1 was injected 60 min after Ace administration (sequential exposure). Ace, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase ( @entity4833 ) activities, increased blood @entity2819 concentrations, suppressed blood @entity11264 , CD8, B cell and monocyte contents and increased blood neutrophil counts. The Ace-induced changes lasted for up to 24 h after Ace exposure. Interleukin 1 increased blood @entity2819 concentrations without affecting blood or brain @entity4833 activities. The IL-1-induced @entity2819 concentration returned to the basal level within 3-10 h after IL-1 exposure. The @entity11264 , CD8, B cell and monocyte counts increased significantly at 10 min after IL-1 exposure. The cell counts decreased gradually thereafter and returned to the basal level within 30 min after IL-1 exposure. Simultaneous exposure of @entity35 to Ace and IL-1 partially suppressed the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell counts and decreased the immune cell numbers below the basal values. Sequential injection of Ace and IL-1 blocked the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell numbers. Thus, Ace exposure would impair the normal distribution of immune cells and deregulate the IL-1 response in @entity35 . This study therefore suggests that Ace would suppress the immune cell numbers in blood, thus decreasing an organism's immunity. Ace exposure occurring concurrent with injury would augment the acute-phase response, which would augment the toxic effects of IL-1 and other cytokines, and Ace exposure occurring @entity130 would suppress or abolish the initial stimulatory effects of IL-1, which would decrease an organism's ability to combat @entity130 .

title: Immunotoxicity of acute XXXX exposure in control or IL-1-challenged @entity35 : correlation between the immune cell composition and corticosteroid concentration in blood.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['infection or injury', 'prior to the injury']

answer: @entity43963 :: (MESH:C001969,Chemical) :: ['acephate']


abstract: @entity2819 concentration and the immune cell composition were measured in @entity35 exposed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to different doses (10-500 mg kg(-1)) of @entity43963 (Ace) and 250 micro g kg(-1) of interleukin 1 (IL-1), either alone or in combination. Two different combination protocols were used: IL-1 and Ace were administered simultaneously; and IL-1 was injected 60 min after Ace administration (sequential exposure). Ace, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase ( @entity4833 ) activities, increased blood @entity2819 concentrations, suppressed blood @entity11264 , CD8, B cell and monocyte contents and increased blood neutrophil counts. The Ace-induced changes lasted for up to 24 h after Ace exposure. Interleukin 1 increased blood @entity2819 concentrations without affecting blood or brain @entity4833 activities. The IL-1-induced @entity2819 concentration returned to the basal level within 3-10 h after IL-1 exposure. The @entity11264 , CD8, B cell and monocyte counts increased significantly at 10 min after IL-1 exposure. The cell counts decreased gradually thereafter and returned to the basal level within 30 min after IL-1 exposure. Simultaneous exposure of @entity35 to Ace and IL-1 partially suppressed the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell counts and decreased the immune cell numbers below the basal values. Sequential injection of Ace and IL-1 blocked the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell numbers. Thus, Ace exposure would impair the normal distribution of immune cells and deregulate the IL-1 response in @entity35 . This study therefore suggests that Ace would suppress the immune cell numbers in blood, thus decreasing an organism's immunity. Ace exposure occurring concurrent with injury would augment the acute-phase response, which would augment the toxic effects of IL-1 and other cytokines, and Ace exposure occurring @entity130 would suppress or abolish the initial stimulatory effects of IL-1, which would decrease an organism's ability to combat @entity130 .

title: Immunotoxicity of acute @entity43963 exposure in control or IL-1-challenged XXXX : correlation between the immune cell composition and corticosteroid concentration in blood.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Changes in gene expression are part of the homeostatic machinery with which cells respond to external stimuli or assaults. The activity of the early response transcriptional factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) can be modulated by a variety of environmental stimuli including those that alter the cellular oxidation/reduction status. This study investigates the activation of AP-1/DNA binding in the @entity840 cochlea in response to acoustic overstimulation which produces reactive @entity26 species. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that binding of AP-1 to its radiolabeled oligonucleotide probe markedly changed in nuclear extracts of inner ear tissues following intense noise exposure (4 kHz octave band, 115 dB, 5 h). AP-1/DNA binding increased in the organ of Corti and the lateral wall tissues immediately after the exposure, returning to near-baseline levels 5 h later. At 15 h after noise, a second peak of binding activity occurred in the organ of Corti whereas stria vascularis showed a lesser but more sustained activity. Binding in nuclear extracts from the spiral ganglion did not change. Incubation of nuclear extracts with antibodies against @entity37609 / @entity63683 family proteins prior to a supershift assay showed Fra-2 as a major component of the AP-1 complex immediately after the noise exposure. In the organ of Corti, Fra-2 immunoreactivity was localized to the middle turn, i.e. the region which is most affected by the 4-kHz octave band exposure. The results suggest the modulation of gene expression via the activation of AP-1 as a consequence of noise @entity130 but also demonstrate differential responses in cochlear tissues.

title: Modulation of activator protein 1/DNA binding activity by acoustic overstimulation in the XXXX cochlea.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the natural history of @entity1 younger than 40 years (young @entity1 [YP] group) who are diagnosed with a @entity703 ( @entity703 ) and to compare the natural history of these @entity1 with the more typical older @entity1 (OP) with @entity703 . METHODS: We reviewed our database and identified 34 @entity1 (younger than 40 years old, median age 35) who underwent surgery for a sporadic @entity703 . The YP group outcomes were compared with 100 @entity1 between 41 and 85 years (median 65). We fit a Cox proportional hazards model to examine the relationship between age at presentation and recurrence risk. RESULTS: The median @entity5 size in the YP group was 3.8 cm (range 0.6 to 19) and in the OP group was 5.0 cm (range 0.9 to 22; P = 0.225). @entity5 were discovered incidentally in 51% and 56% of the YP and OP groups, respectively (P = 0.65). The frequency of partial nephrectomy did not differ between the two groups (35% YP and 30% OP, P = 0.55). The frequency of malignant histologic subtypes did not differ between the groups (P = 0.439). In the YP group, only larger @entity5 size (hazard ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.50, P = 0.034) was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of recurrence. Those in the YP group were not more or less likely to develop recurrence than those in the OP group (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 2.85, P = 0.72). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 73% and 80% in the YP and OP groups, respectively (P = 0.23). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 85% and 84% in the YP and OP groups, respectively (P = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study indicate that the natural history of RCTs is similar in both younger and older @entity1 . Young @entity1 were neither more nor less likely to develop recurrence compared with their older counterparts.

title: Natural history and clinical outcome of XXXX diagnosed in the young adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'sporadic renal cortical tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['sporadic renal cortical tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity1943 analog and @entity619 in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in a randomized Phase II study. @entity263 presents a challenging therapeutic problem. Salvage chemotherapy is the usual approach at this stage of the disease. The combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity1943 analog and @entity619 has produced objective clinical responses in @entity263 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity263 were randomized to receive one of two treatments. Group 1 underwent chemotherapy ( @entity12749 140 mg three times daily and @entity2879 100 mg orally for 21 days) and group 2 the combination of a @entity1943 analog ( @entity18245 30 mg intramuscularly every 14 days) and @entity619 (4 mg tapered to 1 mg), in addition to @entity342 ablation by orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (triptorelin 3.75 mg intramuscularly every 28 days). The clinical and @entity1486 response, overall survival, time to progression, and @entity137 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The data of 20 @entity1 in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were similar in the two groups at study entry. A @entity1486 response (decrease of greater than 50%) was observed in 45% of group 1 and 44% of group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. A partial clinical response was observed in 29% and 30% of groups 1 and 2, respectively. Again, the difference was not statistically significant. Changes in performance status and @entity158 score during treatment were not significantly different in the two groups. @entity1503 was more frequent in group 1 (80% of @entity1 ), and mild @entity6 was more frequent in group 2 (22% of @entity1 ). The overall survival was 18.8 months in group 1 and 18 months in group 2 (not statistically significant). The time to progression was 6 versus 4 months and, in the @entity1486 responder subgroup, it was 8 versus 7.7 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (neither difference was statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our randomized Phase II study indicated that the new combination treatment (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog, @entity1943 analog, and @entity619 ) may be equally effective as salvage chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity263 in terms of the clinical and @entity1486 response, overall survival, and time to progression. A larger prospective Phase III trial is required to confirm our observations.

title: Combination of LHRH analog with XXXX analog and @entity619 versus chemotherapy in @entity263 : a randomized phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity1943 analog and @entity619 in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in a randomized Phase II study. @entity263 presents a challenging therapeutic problem. Salvage chemotherapy is the usual approach at this stage of the disease. The combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity1943 analog and @entity619 has produced objective clinical responses in @entity263 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity263 were randomized to receive one of two treatments. Group 1 underwent chemotherapy ( @entity12749 140 mg three times daily and @entity2879 100 mg orally for 21 days) and group 2 the combination of a @entity1943 analog ( @entity18245 30 mg intramuscularly every 14 days) and @entity619 (4 mg tapered to 1 mg), in addition to @entity342 ablation by orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (triptorelin 3.75 mg intramuscularly every 28 days). The clinical and @entity1486 response, overall survival, time to progression, and @entity137 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The data of 20 @entity1 in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were similar in the two groups at study entry. A @entity1486 response (decrease of greater than 50%) was observed in 45% of group 1 and 44% of group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. A partial clinical response was observed in 29% and 30% of groups 1 and 2, respectively. Again, the difference was not statistically significant. Changes in performance status and @entity158 score during treatment were not significantly different in the two groups. @entity1503 was more frequent in group 1 (80% of @entity1 ), and mild @entity6 was more frequent in group 2 (22% of @entity1 ). The overall survival was 18.8 months in group 1 and 18 months in group 2 (not statistically significant). The time to progression was 6 versus 4 months and, in the @entity1486 responder subgroup, it was 8 versus 7.7 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (neither difference was statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our randomized Phase II study indicated that the new combination treatment (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog, @entity1943 analog, and @entity619 ) may be equally effective as salvage chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity263 in terms of the clinical and @entity1486 response, overall survival, and time to progression. A larger prospective Phase III trial is required to confirm our observations.

title: Combination of LHRH analog with @entity1943 analog and @entity619 versus chemotherapy in XXXX : a randomized phase II study.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity1943 analog and @entity619 in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in a randomized Phase II study. @entity263 presents a challenging therapeutic problem. Salvage chemotherapy is the usual approach at this stage of the disease. The combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity1943 analog and @entity619 has produced objective clinical responses in @entity263 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity263 were randomized to receive one of two treatments. Group 1 underwent chemotherapy ( @entity12749 140 mg three times daily and @entity2879 100 mg orally for 21 days) and group 2 the combination of a @entity1943 analog ( @entity18245 30 mg intramuscularly every 14 days) and @entity619 (4 mg tapered to 1 mg), in addition to @entity342 ablation by orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (triptorelin 3.75 mg intramuscularly every 28 days). The clinical and @entity1486 response, overall survival, time to progression, and @entity137 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The data of 20 @entity1 in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were similar in the two groups at study entry. A @entity1486 response (decrease of greater than 50%) was observed in 45% of group 1 and 44% of group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. A partial clinical response was observed in 29% and 30% of groups 1 and 2, respectively. Again, the difference was not statistically significant. Changes in performance status and @entity158 score during treatment were not significantly different in the two groups. @entity1503 was more frequent in group 1 (80% of @entity1 ), and mild @entity6 was more frequent in group 2 (22% of @entity1 ). The overall survival was 18.8 months in group 1 and 18 months in group 2 (not statistically significant). The time to progression was 6 versus 4 months and, in the @entity1486 responder subgroup, it was 8 versus 7.7 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (neither difference was statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our randomized Phase II study indicated that the new combination treatment (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog, @entity1943 analog, and @entity619 ) may be equally effective as salvage chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity263 in terms of the clinical and @entity1486 response, overall survival, and time to progression. A larger prospective Phase III trial is required to confirm our observations.

title: Combination of LHRH analog with @entity1943 analog and XXXX versus chemotherapy in @entity263 : a randomized phase II study.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Radiation @entity9757 is the reaction of the organ lung to radiation effects in various target cells. It starts as an exudative @entity32 , with the clinical picture of @entity401 6-12 weeks after irradiation, and proceeds to a productive chronic @entity32 lasting several months and terminating, as other chronic @entity32 do, in scar formation, @entity82 . Lung @entity82 is the common end point after lung damage from a wide range of damaging agents. The pathogenetic process leading to the signs and symptoms of radiation @entity9757 is an integrated response of the complex organization of lung tissue. Clinical and pathologic data in @entity1 do not support the hypothesis that the early inflammatory phase of radiation " @entity55 " and late "radiation @entity82 " are independent pathogenetic processes in the same way as @entity697 and subcutaneous @entity82 are separate pathologic entities. The target cell population that initiates the pathogenetic process in the lung is not known, and it has been suggested that no single identifiable target exists. The entire process is the result of complex functional alterations in endothelial cells, pneumocytes, macrophages, and other resident and transient cells. No evidence has been found for a role of stem cell sterilization, for impaired transit cell proliferation, or for @entity509 , which is the hallmark of other acute inflammatory normal tissue damage (i.e., in the mucosa). The radiobiologic concepts developed in cellular radiobiology are not adequate for the quantitative analysis of radiation @entity9757 . A new analytical framework based on structurally defined intercellular interaction by signaling molecules and their activation needs to be developed. This would not be only an abstract radiobiologic paradigm but would be the key to the development of potential therapeutic interventions in irradiated @entity1 .

title: Target cells in radiation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammations']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'called lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['pneumopathy']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity9757 :: (MESH:C535590,Disease) :: ['pneumopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A substantial amount of Montserrat volcanic ash, containing up to 24% of @entity3440 (w/w), a fibrogenic crystalline @entity3440 , has been generated since the first documented eruption in 1995. The bioreactivity of the ash and its two major components: @entity3440 and anorthite have been studied in vivo for a year following intratracheal instillation into @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity35 (n=5) were instilled with a sterile vehicle solution (0.15 M @entity1219 ) and/or three doses (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg) of each of the dust, and were sacrificed at 13, 25 or 49 weeks post-instillation for quantitative biochemical and histopathological analyses in the lung and lymph nodes. RESULTS: @entity3440 caused @entity32 in the lung and @entity738 in the hilar lymph nodes associated with significant size augmentation at 13 weeks post-instillation (P<0.05) and @entity3440 (5.0 mg) induced @entity82 in the lung at 49 weeks post-exposure. However, the Montserrat volcanic ash caused @entity32 in the lung at 49 weeks post-treatment without any fibrogenic response although the ash (5.0 mg) triggered significant lymph node enlargement without significant changes in the lung at 13 weeks post-treatment (P<0.05). Dose and time independent responses in the @entity70967 -exposed lung and lymph nodes suggest that a single instillation of 5.0 mg of poorly soluble mineral dust does not induce any change in the lung or lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The ash produces inflammatory reactions in lymph nodes at 13 weeks post-instillation in @entity35 . These effects are seen much earlier than any inflammatory reaction in the lung. The onset of the @entity55 is delayed until 49 weeks post-exposure. Despite the high @entity3440 content of the ash, there is no evidence of any lung fibrogenic responses.

title: Montserrat volcanic ash induces lymph node XXXX and @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Cristobalite', 'cristobalite', 'silica']

entities_list: @entity70967 :: ('MESH:C074225', 'Chemical') :: ['anorthite']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A substantial amount of Montserrat volcanic ash, containing up to 24% of @entity3440 (w/w), a fibrogenic crystalline @entity3440 , has been generated since the first documented eruption in 1995. The bioreactivity of the ash and its two major components: @entity3440 and anorthite have been studied in vivo for a year following intratracheal instillation into @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity35 (n=5) were instilled with a sterile vehicle solution (0.15 M @entity1219 ) and/or three doses (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg) of each of the dust, and were sacrificed at 13, 25 or 49 weeks post-instillation for quantitative biochemical and histopathological analyses in the lung and lymph nodes. RESULTS: @entity3440 caused @entity32 in the lung and @entity738 in the hilar lymph nodes associated with significant size augmentation at 13 weeks post-instillation (P<0.05) and @entity3440 (5.0 mg) induced @entity82 in the lung at 49 weeks post-exposure. However, the Montserrat volcanic ash caused @entity32 in the lung at 49 weeks post-treatment without any fibrogenic response although the ash (5.0 mg) triggered significant lymph node enlargement without significant changes in the lung at 13 weeks post-treatment (P<0.05). Dose and time independent responses in the @entity70967 -exposed lung and lymph nodes suggest that a single instillation of 5.0 mg of poorly soluble mineral dust does not induce any change in the lung or lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The ash produces inflammatory reactions in lymph nodes at 13 weeks post-instillation in @entity35 . These effects are seen much earlier than any inflammatory reaction in the lung. The onset of the @entity55 is delayed until 49 weeks post-exposure. Despite the high @entity3440 content of the ash, there is no evidence of any lung fibrogenic responses.

title: Montserrat volcanic ash induces lymph node @entity738 and XXXX .

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['delayed lung inflammation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1635 and an Arnold @entity1645 requiring operative management. OBJECTIVES: Determine the factors that could predict whether a particular @entity85 might progress despite neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity1645 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few studies have documented the relationship between diagnosis and treatment of Arnold @entity1645 and associated @entity85 . Most studies mix @entity1274 and contain limited information about the @entity85 . METHODS: Medical records, radiographs, and magnetic resonance images of @entity1 were evaluated focusing on age and findings at presentation, characteristics of presenting and follow-up @entity85 , and the specifics of neurosurgical and orthopedic management. @entity1 were divided into two groups: those whose curves progressed >10 degrees or to surgical range (largest curve >45 degrees ) after neurosurgical intervention (progressors) and those whose curves stabilized or decreased (nonprogressors). RESULTS: Eight progressors presented at an average age of 11.4 years (range 2-19) and were followed for 6.3 years (range 2-15). Seven nonprogressors presented at 6.5 years of age (range 5-10) and were followed for 6.6 years (range 3.5-14). Neurosurgical procedures were equivalent in both groups; however, surgical revisions were required in 3 out of 8 progressors and 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. All progressors had a double @entity1635 curve; but only one nonprogressor had a double curve. Six out of 8 progressors and 0 out of 7 nonprogressors had a rotation >or=2+ and 50% of progressors had a @entity1513 >50 degrees compared to 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, progression of @entity85 after neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity1645 was associated with later age at neurosurgical decompressions and @entity16 , double @entity1635 curve patterns, @entity1513 , rotation, and larger curve at presentation.

title: Predictors of progression of @entity1635 after decompression of an Arnold XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['initial neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural axis abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1635 and an Arnold @entity1645 requiring operative management. OBJECTIVES: Determine the factors that could predict whether a particular @entity85 might progress despite neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity1645 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few studies have documented the relationship between diagnosis and treatment of Arnold @entity1645 and associated @entity85 . Most studies mix @entity1274 and contain limited information about the @entity85 . METHODS: Medical records, radiographs, and magnetic resonance images of @entity1 were evaluated focusing on age and findings at presentation, characteristics of presenting and follow-up @entity85 , and the specifics of neurosurgical and orthopedic management. @entity1 were divided into two groups: those whose curves progressed >10 degrees or to surgical range (largest curve >45 degrees ) after neurosurgical intervention (progressors) and those whose curves stabilized or decreased (nonprogressors). RESULTS: Eight progressors presented at an average age of 11.4 years (range 2-19) and were followed for 6.3 years (range 2-15). Seven nonprogressors presented at 6.5 years of age (range 5-10) and were followed for 6.6 years (range 3.5-14). Neurosurgical procedures were equivalent in both groups; however, surgical revisions were required in 3 out of 8 progressors and 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. All progressors had a double @entity1635 curve; but only one nonprogressor had a double curve. Six out of 8 progressors and 0 out of 7 nonprogressors had a rotation >or=2+ and 50% of progressors had a @entity1513 >50 degrees compared to 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, progression of @entity85 after neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity1645 was associated with later age at neurosurgical decompressions and @entity16 , double @entity1635 curve patterns, @entity1513 , rotation, and larger curve at presentation.

title: Predictors of progression of XXXX after decompression of an Arnold @entity1645 .

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to unstable walking, head tilting to the left and difficulty in extending his arm. He was quite healthy until the age of 20 years, when these symptoms appeared and progressed slowly afterward. Due to his unstable walking, he started to use a wheelchair when he was 39 years old. He had no family history of similar disease. On admission, neurological examination revealed spasmodic torticollis, ataxic speech and marked limb and @entity2055 . @entity2045 flexion of the forearm was induced when he raised and extended his forearm. He also showed mild @entity427 in the lower limbs without pathological reflexes. He had @entity425 and @entity194 of the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus, @entity121 and mild superficial sensory impairment in the left axillary nerve territory due to cervical @entity614 of the left C5 root. MRI of the brain demonstrated severe bilateral @entity194 of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis but minimal @entity194 of the cerebrum and brainstem. Because surface electromyography revealed continuous discharge with phasic components in the biceps and wrist flexor muscles on extending the upper limbs, the jerky flexion movement of the forearm was considered to be primarily @entity3519 . Although no giant SEP was observed, a C-response was detected in the long-loop reflex in response to right median nerve stimulation. Nuclear examinations showed diffuse hypoperfusion and decreased @entity413 metabolism in the cerebellum. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that @entity76 may have induced severe @entity3520 resembling @entity2045 . We would like to name this complicated involuntary movement an "arm thrust". This is the first case to be reported of sporadic, chronic, progressive @entity6447 accompanied by severe @entity3520 , especially on stretching the forearms, that mimics @entity717 .

title: [A case of @entity6447 showing severe @entity3519 masquerading as XXXX movements on arm extension].

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic movement']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'Myoclonic jerky']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic movement']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['deltoid and biceps brachii muscles']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['truncal ataxia']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonic jerky']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to unstable walking, head tilting to the left and difficulty in extending his arm. He was quite healthy until the age of 20 years, when these symptoms appeared and progressed slowly afterward. Due to his unstable walking, he started to use a wheelchair when he was 39 years old. He had no family history of similar disease. On admission, neurological examination revealed spasmodic torticollis, ataxic speech and marked limb and @entity2055 . @entity2045 flexion of the forearm was induced when he raised and extended his forearm. He also showed mild @entity427 in the lower limbs without pathological reflexes. He had @entity425 and @entity194 of the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus, @entity121 and mild superficial sensory impairment in the left axillary nerve territory due to cervical @entity614 of the left C5 root. MRI of the brain demonstrated severe bilateral @entity194 of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis but minimal @entity194 of the cerebrum and brainstem. Because surface electromyography revealed continuous discharge with phasic components in the biceps and wrist flexor muscles on extending the upper limbs, the jerky flexion movement of the forearm was considered to be primarily @entity3519 . Although no giant SEP was observed, a C-response was detected in the long-loop reflex in response to right median nerve stimulation. Nuclear examinations showed diffuse hypoperfusion and decreased @entity413 metabolism in the cerebellum. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that @entity76 may have induced severe @entity3520 resembling @entity2045 . We would like to name this complicated involuntary movement an "arm thrust". This is the first case to be reported of sporadic, chronic, progressive @entity6447 accompanied by severe @entity3520 , especially on stretching the forearms, that mimics @entity717 .

title: [A case of XXXX showing severe @entity3519 masquerading as @entity2045 movements on arm extension].

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['cerebellar ataxia']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to unstable walking, head tilting to the left and difficulty in extending his arm. He was quite healthy until the age of 20 years, when these symptoms appeared and progressed slowly afterward. Due to his unstable walking, he started to use a wheelchair when he was 39 years old. He had no family history of similar disease. On admission, neurological examination revealed spasmodic torticollis, ataxic speech and marked limb and @entity2055 . @entity2045 flexion of the forearm was induced when he raised and extended his forearm. He also showed mild @entity427 in the lower limbs without pathological reflexes. He had @entity425 and @entity194 of the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus, @entity121 and mild superficial sensory impairment in the left axillary nerve territory due to cervical @entity614 of the left C5 root. MRI of the brain demonstrated severe bilateral @entity194 of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis but minimal @entity194 of the cerebrum and brainstem. Because surface electromyography revealed continuous discharge with phasic components in the biceps and wrist flexor muscles on extending the upper limbs, the jerky flexion movement of the forearm was considered to be primarily @entity3519 . Although no giant SEP was observed, a C-response was detected in the long-loop reflex in response to right median nerve stimulation. Nuclear examinations showed diffuse hypoperfusion and decreased @entity413 metabolism in the cerebellum. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that @entity76 may have induced severe @entity3520 resembling @entity2045 . We would like to name this complicated involuntary movement an "arm thrust". This is the first case to be reported of sporadic, chronic, progressive @entity6447 accompanied by severe @entity3520 , especially on stretching the forearms, that mimics @entity717 .

title: [A case of @entity6447 showing severe XXXX masquerading as @entity2045 movements on arm extension].

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 developed @entity1985 and @entity810 4 years after allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for lymphoid crisis of @entity1860 . On admission, he presented with clinical features of chronic GVHD including transient exacerbation of @entity99 . Renal biopsy showed @entity631 with cellular crescents. The @entity1 was treated with @entity1667 pulse therapy (1 g/day, for 3 days) followed by oral @entity617 . Renal function gradually improved but @entity1985 state was persistent. A second renal biopsy showed improvement of @entity4295 and endocapillary proliferation and transformation of crescents into a fibrous form. After tapering of oral @entity617 , @entity786 was started, which resulted in a gradual improvement of @entity644 . Several cases of @entity1985 occurring after BMT have already been reported, but most cases had @entity8 . In our case, renal biopsy revealed @entity631 with findings of active cellular immunity, and aggressive treatment resulted in attenuation of these findings. Moreover, chronic @entity99 was noted at the time of this episode. Our findings suggest that chronic GVHD may be complicated with @entity631 through unknown cellular immune mechanism.

title: Diffuse proliferative XXXX after bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD-related liver injury', 'cholestatic liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity338 with @entity1757 is associated with ductal agenesis and markedly dilated main and branch pulmonary arteries. The less common variant with intact ventricular septum generally exhibits a patent ductus and smaller branch pulmonary arteries, and may be associated with @entity1145 . We identified 7 @entity1 with the prenatal diagnosis of @entity338 , 5 with @entity1757 (Group 1) and 2 with an intact ventricular septum (Group 2). Imaging, color Doppler, and pulsed-Doppler recordings were analyzed. The branch and main pulmonary arteries were measured and expressed as a ratio with the descending aorta. @entity338 time (PRT) and diastolic acceleration time (DAT) were derived, and DAT/PRT was calculated to characterize diastolic pulmonary flow. Group 1 @entity1 all had a large @entity1757 , normal biventricular size and function, and dilated main and branch pulmonary arteries. Group 2 @entity1 had dilated main but smaller branch pulmonary arteries, moderate @entity1001 with severe @entity409 , and limited or absent tricuspid inflow. Group 1 demonstrated shorter acceleration time and earlier peak velocity, resulting in a smaller DAT/RT ratio. We speculate that free communication between the fetal aorta and the ventricles may limit atrial inflow and elevate diastolic pressure, affecting cardiac output, ventricular function, and @entity245 . With an intact ventricular septum, these physiologic and anatomic repercussions are limited to the right ventricle, but with a @entity1757 , both ventricles would experience similar consequences and cardiac performance could be critically impaired.

title: Prenatal role of the ductus arteriosus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve development']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary regurgitation', 'absent pulmonary valve', 'Absent pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilation']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stent @entity505 coating on inflammatory response. The authors serially measured plasma concentrations of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity2002 , and several cytokines ( @entity5 @entity39 factor, interleukin [IL]-1-beta, @entity650 , and @entity687 ) in @entity1 with single-vessel @entity3979 who underwent primary stent implantation. None of the subjects had inflammatory or infectious disease at the time of the procedure. Forty-six @entity1 (38 males; mean age 55 +/-9 years) were studied. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours after stent implantation. @entity1 were randomly assigned 1 of 2 different stent types, an uncoated MAC (AMG Raesfeld-Erle, Germany) (UC-MAC) or a @entity505 -coated MAC (CC-MAC) stent. Implantations were performed without predilatation, and stents were deployed at a maximum pressure of 6 atmospheres for 90 seconds. Of the 46 @entity1 , 14 had stable, 27 had unstable, and 5 had @entity951 . According to ACC/AHA classification, 35 lesions (76.1%) were type A, 10 (21.7%) were type B, and 1 (2.2%) was type C. Single stenosis of 28 left anterior descending, 12 circumflex, and 6 right coronary arteries were treated. Serum @entity650 increased in both the UC-MAC and CC-MAC groups, with concentrations significantly elevated above baseline at 6 hours, and then decreasing after 24 hours (baseline, 6-hour, and 24-hour values = 3.1 +/-2.3, 5.7 +/-3.8, and 6.3 +/-4.6 pg/mL, respectively, in UC-MAC; 3.7 +/-2.6, 6.2 +/-6.0, and 4.6 +/-3.7 pg/mL, respectively, in CC-MAC [p=0.002]). Plasma @entity2002 , @entity1851 , and leukocyte concentrations also increased in both groups over the 24 hours (p < 0.05). The elevations of @entity650 , @entity1851 , and @entity2002 were similar in the 2 groups. The percent increases in @entity650 , @entity2002 , and @entity1851 were not associated with stent length, size, or clinical presentation (all p > 0.05). The results showed that stent implantation increases plasma @entity650 , @entity2002 , and @entity1851 concentrations, but @entity505 coating of the stent does not seem to affect this inflammatory response.

title: XXXX coating of stents has no effect on inflammatory response to primary stent deployment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['atypical angina']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: We describe a general method for the analysis of ligand-macromolecule binding equilibria for cases in which the interaction is monitored by a change in a signal originating from the ligand. This method allows the absolute determination of the average degree of ligand binding per macromolecule without any assumptions concerning the number of modes or states for ligand binding or the relationship between the fractional signal change and the fraction of bound ligand. Although this method is generally applicable to any type of signal, we discuss the details of the method as it applies to the analysis of binding data monitored by a change in fluorescence of a ligand upon binding to a nucleic acid. We apply the analysis to the equilibrium binding of @entity526 single-strand binding ( @entity14769 ) protein to single-stranded nucleic acids, which is monitored by the quenching of the intrinsic @entity2340 fluorescence of the @entity14769 protein. With this method, one can quantitatively determine the relationship between the fractional signal change of the ligand and the fraction of bound ligand, LB/LT, and rigorously test whether the signal change is directly proportional to LB/LT. For @entity526 @entity14769 protein binding to single-stranded nucleic acids in its ( @entity14769 )65 binding mode [Lohman, T. M., _ Overman, L. B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3594; Chrysogelos, S., _ Griffith, J. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 5803], we show that the fractional quenching of the @entity14769 fluorescence is equal to the fraction of bound @entity14769 .

title: A general method of analysis of ligand-macromolecule equilibria using a spectroscopic signal from the ligand to monitor binding. Application to XXXX single-strand binding protein-nucleic acid interactions.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']