abstract: A group of 3-5-year-old @entity1 (n = 22) with a level of somatic development and physical fitness (modified Step test) that corresponded to a previously measured representative sample was studied. The depot fat proportion was 16.3 +/- 4%, and @entity28 was absent. Lean body mass (LBM) was 16.1 +/- 1.8 kg. As in previous studies, the fat intake was higher as compared to recommended allowances. The blood @entity165 level was 4.9 +/- 0.8, high density lipoproteins (HDL) 1.2 +/- 0.2, low density lipoproteins (LDL) 3.6 +/- 0.8, @entity1674 0.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, and @entity908 kinase (CK) 42.2 +/- 14.4 U/L. The step test index (STI) was 92 +/- 9, and the cardiac efficiency index (CEI) was 0.575 +/- 0.096. The sex differences were not significant, except for body weight. Marked variability was found in all characteristics measured. There were no significant relationships among somatic development, body composition, food intake, STI, CEI, blood lipids, and CK. The LBM/10 cm height index correlated significantly with CEI, CK, and fat intake.

title: Blood lipids as related to food intake, body composition, and cardiorespiratory efficiency in preschool XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation is extremely distressing, @entity158 , and may influence heart rate and blood pressure. Sedatives, analgesics, and muscle relaxants are not commonly used for intubation in neonates. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of @entity3303 spray as a non-intravenous drug before neonatal intubation on blood pressure, heart rate, @entity26 saturation and time of intubation. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized, controlled study each neonate was randomly assigned to one of the two study groups by staffs who were not involved in the @entity1 's care. The allocation concealment was kept in an opaque sealed envelope, and the investigators, the @entity1 care team, and the assessors were blinded to the treatment allocation. The selected setting was NICU unit of a teaching hospital in Ilam city, Iran and @entity1 were 60 neonates with indication of tracheal intubation with gestational age > 30 weeks. @entity1 in the treatment group received @entity3303 spray and the placebo group received spray of normal saline prior to intubation. Main outcome measurements were the mean rates of blood pressure, heart rate, @entity26 saturation, intubation time and @entity3303 side effects were measured before and after intubation. RESULTS: Totally 60 newborns including 31 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 were entered into the study (drug group n = 30; placebo group n = 30). @entity1 / @entity1 ratio in treatment and placebo groups were 1.3 and 0.88, respectively. Mean age    SD of @entity1 was 34.1    24.8 hours (treatment: 35.3    25.7; placebo: 32.9    24.3; P < 0.0001). Mean weight    SD of neonates was 2012.5    969 g. Application of @entity3303 spray caused a significant reduction of mean intubation time among treatment group compared with placebo group (treatment: 15.03    2.2 seconds; placebo: 18.3    2.3 seconds; P < 0.0001). Mean blood pressure, heart rate and @entity26 saturation rate, among neonates in treatment group was reduced after intubation compared with their relevant figures before intubation; however, their differences were not statistically significant except for mean @entity26 saturation rate that was reduced significantly in placebo group. No side effects were observed during study. CONCLUSIONS: Though the current study revealed some promising results in the application of @entity3303 spray during neonatal intubation without any considerable side effects; however, the current investigation could only be considered as a pilot study for further attempts in different locations with higher sample sizes and in different situations.

title: Application of XXXX Spray for Tracheal Intubation in Neonates - A Clinical Trial Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Boy', 'Patients', 'girl', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lidocaine']


abstract: Case   A 24-year-old pregnant @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with decreased fetal heart rate. Obstetric examination revealed @entity5869 ; emergent caesarean section was planned under general anesthesia. On entering the operating room, the @entity1 showed severe vital sign deterioration (blood pressure, 75/45   mm Hg; heart rate, 142 beats per minute). As left uterine displacement may worsen the @entity5869 , the @entity1 was placed in the left-lateral tilt position by rotating the operating table to release compression on the inferior vena cava by theuterus. To avoid circulatory collapse, rapid-sequence intubation was performed in this position. Tracheal intubation was performed with the Pentax- @entity8404 Airwayscope ( @entity8404 videolaryngoscope, @entity8404 ; HOYA, Japan) to obtain a good laryngeal view and minimize stress from laryngoscopy. After sufficient oxygenation, 120   mg of @entity4490 was administered. A second anesthesiologist performed cricoid pressure and 50   mg of @entity2898 was administered after confirming @entity909 . This was followed by insertion of the @entity8404 with a thin intlock into the mouth. Tracheal intubation was performed uneventfully. Discussion   Rapid-sequence intubation in the left-lateral tilted position with the @entity8404 videolaryngoscope may be beneficial for pregnant @entity1 with vital sign deterioration.

title: Rapid-Sequence Intubation in the Left-Lateral Tilt Position in a Pregnant XXXX with Premature Placental Abruption Utilizing a Videolaryngoscope.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['premature placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Woman']


abstract: @entity73152 (TI) is a cumulative poison intimately accompanied by an increase in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation that represents an important risk factor for tissue @entity130 . This study aims to determine the possible hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of @entity12971 ( @entity22770 ) from garlic and @entity6108 from turmeric against TI-induced @entity99 and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in @entity35 . This in vivo animal study divided @entity35 into six groups of 8 @entity35 per group. The first group received saline and served as the control group. The second and third groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 only at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The fourth group received TI at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. The fifth and sixth groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 orally 1 hour before TI intoxication at the same dose as the second and third groups. Liver integrity serum enzymes @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST), @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and y-glutamyltransferase (y-GT) were evaluated. Serum and liver tissue homogenate lipid peroxidation and @entity66 biomarkers were measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test for post hoc analysis using SPSS version 16. TI induced marked oxidative @entity409 as shown by significantly (P <=0.05) elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and y-GT levels. There were significant (P <=0.05) increases in serum and hepatic @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and serum @entity842 (NO) as well as decreased hepatic @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. There were significantly (P <=0.05) less serum and hepatic @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Pre-treatment with @entity22770 or @entity6108 ameliorated the changes in most studied biochemical parameters. @entity22770 and @entity6108 effectively reduced TI-induced liver @entity137 .

title: Protective Effects of @entity12971 and @entity6108 Separately against Thallium-Induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity12971 :: ('MESH:C038491', 'Chemical') :: ['diallyl sulfide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity73152 :: ('MESH:C026995', 'Chemical') :: ['Thallium acetate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and malfunction']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: @entity73152 (TI) is a cumulative poison intimately accompanied by an increase in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation that represents an important risk factor for tissue @entity130 . This study aims to determine the possible hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of @entity12971 ( @entity22770 ) from garlic and @entity6108 from turmeric against TI-induced @entity99 and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in @entity35 . This in vivo animal study divided @entity35 into six groups of 8 @entity35 per group. The first group received saline and served as the control group. The second and third groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 only at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The fourth group received TI at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. The fifth and sixth groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 orally 1 hour before TI intoxication at the same dose as the second and third groups. Liver integrity serum enzymes @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST), @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and y-glutamyltransferase (y-GT) were evaluated. Serum and liver tissue homogenate lipid peroxidation and @entity66 biomarkers were measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test for post hoc analysis using SPSS version 16. TI induced marked oxidative @entity409 as shown by significantly (P <=0.05) elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and y-GT levels. There were significant (P <=0.05) increases in serum and hepatic @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and serum @entity842 (NO) as well as decreased hepatic @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. There were significantly (P <=0.05) less serum and hepatic @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Pre-treatment with @entity22770 or @entity6108 ameliorated the changes in most studied biochemical parameters. @entity22770 and @entity6108 effectively reduced TI-induced liver @entity137 .

title: Protective Effects of XXXX and @entity6108 Separately against Thallium-Induced @entity137 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity12971 :: (MESH:C038491,Chemical) :: ['Diallyl Sulfide']


abstract: @entity73152 (TI) is a cumulative poison intimately accompanied by an increase in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation that represents an important risk factor for tissue @entity130 . This study aims to determine the possible hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of @entity12971 ( @entity22770 ) from garlic and @entity6108 from turmeric against TI-induced @entity99 and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in @entity35 . This in vivo animal study divided @entity35 into six groups of 8 @entity35 per group. The first group received saline and served as the control group. The second and third groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 only at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The fourth group received TI at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. The fifth and sixth groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 orally 1 hour before TI intoxication at the same dose as the second and third groups. Liver integrity serum enzymes @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST), @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and y-glutamyltransferase (y-GT) were evaluated. Serum and liver tissue homogenate lipid peroxidation and @entity66 biomarkers were measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test for post hoc analysis using SPSS version 16. TI induced marked oxidative @entity409 as shown by significantly (P <=0.05) elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and y-GT levels. There were significant (P <=0.05) increases in serum and hepatic @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and serum @entity842 (NO) as well as decreased hepatic @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. There were significantly (P <=0.05) less serum and hepatic @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Pre-treatment with @entity22770 or @entity6108 ameliorated the changes in most studied biochemical parameters. @entity22770 and @entity6108 effectively reduced TI-induced liver @entity137 .

title: Protective Effects of @entity12971 and XXXX Separately against Thallium-Induced @entity137 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['Curcumin']


abstract: @entity73152 (TI) is a cumulative poison intimately accompanied by an increase in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation that represents an important risk factor for tissue @entity130 . This study aims to determine the possible hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of @entity12971 ( @entity22770 ) from garlic and @entity6108 from turmeric against TI-induced @entity99 and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in @entity35 . This in vivo animal study divided @entity35 into six groups of 8 @entity35 per group. The first group received saline and served as the control group. The second and third groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 only at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The fourth group received TI at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. The fifth and sixth groups received @entity22770 or @entity6108 orally 1 hour before TI intoxication at the same dose as the second and third groups. Liver integrity serum enzymes @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST), @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and y-glutamyltransferase (y-GT) were evaluated. Serum and liver tissue homogenate lipid peroxidation and @entity66 biomarkers were measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test for post hoc analysis using SPSS version 16. TI induced marked oxidative @entity409 as shown by significantly (P <=0.05) elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and y-GT levels. There were significant (P <=0.05) increases in serum and hepatic @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and serum @entity842 (NO) as well as decreased hepatic @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. There were significantly (P <=0.05) less serum and hepatic @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Pre-treatment with @entity22770 or @entity6108 ameliorated the changes in most studied biochemical parameters. @entity22770 and @entity6108 effectively reduced TI-induced liver @entity137 .

title: Protective Effects of @entity12971 and @entity6108 Separately against Thallium-Induced @entity137 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: A total of 859 @entity1 presenting for outpatient rhinoplasty were divided into two groups that received intravenous sedation of @entity1363 0.1 mg/kg either with or without @entity3652 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg immediately prior to conduct of the local anesthetic injections and surgery. Additional @entity1363 was given intraoperatively as needed. No @entity1 received narcotic either as premedication or intraoperatively. @entity1 were evaluated by the surgeon on their response to the injections and surgery, and @entity1 were given a questionnaire 1 week postoperatively to examine their response to and recall of the procedure. Scoring by both the surgeon and @entity1 revealed that the great majority of @entity1 in both groups had adequate "sedation." @entity1 from both groups related a high degree of satisfaction (> 90 percent) with the technique of sedation. The differences between the two study groups achieved statistical significance only on 4 of the 12 parameters investigated. Those who had received only @entity1363 were less likely to vocalize during the surgery or to experience the procedure as being of undue duration. Those who had also received @entity3652 had a lesser chance of remembering the local anesthetic injections (11.1 versus 19.8 percent) and a lesser likelihood of being dissatisfied with their surgical experience (3.3 versus 7.4 percent). In conclusion, the use of an opioid-free sedative technique of intravenous @entity1363 was highly successful in meeting the needs of both @entity1 and surgeons. The addition of a single preblock dose of intravenous @entity3652 to intravenous @entity1363 sedation for rhinoplasty does not improve intraoperative conditions for the surgeon in terms of @entity1 behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of sedation techniques for outpatient rhinoplasty: @entity1363 versus @entity1363 plus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: A total of 859 @entity1 presenting for outpatient rhinoplasty were divided into two groups that received intravenous sedation of @entity1363 0.1 mg/kg either with or without @entity3652 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg immediately prior to conduct of the local anesthetic injections and surgery. Additional @entity1363 was given intraoperatively as needed. No @entity1 received narcotic either as premedication or intraoperatively. @entity1 were evaluated by the surgeon on their response to the injections and surgery, and @entity1 were given a questionnaire 1 week postoperatively to examine their response to and recall of the procedure. Scoring by both the surgeon and @entity1 revealed that the great majority of @entity1 in both groups had adequate "sedation." @entity1 from both groups related a high degree of satisfaction (> 90 percent) with the technique of sedation. The differences between the two study groups achieved statistical significance only on 4 of the 12 parameters investigated. Those who had received only @entity1363 were less likely to vocalize during the surgery or to experience the procedure as being of undue duration. Those who had also received @entity3652 had a lesser chance of remembering the local anesthetic injections (11.1 versus 19.8 percent) and a lesser likelihood of being dissatisfied with their surgical experience (3.3 versus 7.4 percent). In conclusion, the use of an opioid-free sedative technique of intravenous @entity1363 was highly successful in meeting the needs of both @entity1 and surgeons. The addition of a single preblock dose of intravenous @entity3652 to intravenous @entity1363 sedation for rhinoplasty does not improve intraoperative conditions for the surgeon in terms of @entity1 behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of sedation techniques for outpatient rhinoplasty: XXXX versus @entity1363 plus @entity3652 .

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: A total of 859 @entity1 presenting for outpatient rhinoplasty were divided into two groups that received intravenous sedation of @entity1363 0.1 mg/kg either with or without @entity3652 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg immediately prior to conduct of the local anesthetic injections and surgery. Additional @entity1363 was given intraoperatively as needed. No @entity1 received narcotic either as premedication or intraoperatively. @entity1 were evaluated by the surgeon on their response to the injections and surgery, and @entity1 were given a questionnaire 1 week postoperatively to examine their response to and recall of the procedure. Scoring by both the surgeon and @entity1 revealed that the great majority of @entity1 in both groups had adequate "sedation." @entity1 from both groups related a high degree of satisfaction (> 90 percent) with the technique of sedation. The differences between the two study groups achieved statistical significance only on 4 of the 12 parameters investigated. Those who had received only @entity1363 were less likely to vocalize during the surgery or to experience the procedure as being of undue duration. Those who had also received @entity3652 had a lesser chance of remembering the local anesthetic injections (11.1 versus 19.8 percent) and a lesser likelihood of being dissatisfied with their surgical experience (3.3 versus 7.4 percent). In conclusion, the use of an opioid-free sedative technique of intravenous @entity1363 was highly successful in meeting the needs of both @entity1 and surgeons. The addition of a single preblock dose of intravenous @entity3652 to intravenous @entity1363 sedation for rhinoplasty does not improve intraoperative conditions for the surgeon in terms of @entity1 behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of sedation techniques for outpatient rhinoplasty: @entity1363 versus XXXX plus @entity3652 .

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: @entity5633 is a new anxiolytic agent with an original chemical structure. Its activity in doses of 15 to 30 mg per day has been demonstrated in @entity1 presenting with manifestations of generalized @entity148 . Its mode of action is still imperfectly known; in animals, it influences several neuromediator systems but does not act on @entity1245 receptors. Its main pharmacokinetic features are: complete absorption when given orally, short half-life (4 to 8 h), reduced plasma clearance in @entity1 with @entity1575 or @entity8 and no major interaction with most of the other psychotropic drugs. Controlled clinical studies have provided evidence of its anxiolytic properties; against @entity148 symptoms @entity5633 has proved more effective than placebo and as effective as several reference @entity1245 derivatives, with a lesser incidence of sedative effects. However, it is not effective in the treatment of @entity1245 withdrawal. @entity344 and moderate @entity10 have been reported in less than 10 p. 100 of the @entity1 treated. Administered acutely, @entity5633 does not seem to alter cognitive mechanisms. Unlike @entity1245 , it does not potentiate the effects of @entity167 and does not lead to @entity734 . Its usefulness in @entity4697 , @entity308 states and obsessional symptoms remains to be determined.

title: [ XXXX : pharmacological and clinical properties of the first member of a new anxiolytic drug family].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxious-depressive']

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone', 'Buspirone']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-dependence']

answer: @entity5633 :: (MESH:D002065,Chemical) :: ['Buspirone']


abstract: The @entity897 (2-DG) method was used to study regional metabolic changes in @entity35 following chronic @entity2254 treatment without subsequent challenges. Four groups of @entity35 were pretreated (intraperitoneal administration) with @entity2254 (0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) once per day for 14 days. After a 7-day abstinence period without further challenge, the 2-DG method was used to measure the rates of local cerebral @entity413 utilization (LCGU). Significant metabolic changes among the four groups were found in five brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens and the lateral habenular nucleus. Another four groups of @entity35 with the same pretreatment regimens, challenged with 5 mg/kg @entity2254 , were used for behavioral testing. The results showed intense @entity146 in the 5 mg/kg and the 10 mg/kg groups. In the steady state, however, there were no significant @entity413 utilization changes in the nigrostriatal system, which is thought to be related to @entity146 . During steady state, metabolic changes were found in a limited number of brain regions. No difference in LCGU was found in the sensitization-related regions. Further challenges with stimulants may be necessary to investigate the metabolic responses after sensitization.

title: Alterations in local cerebral XXXX utilization in @entity35 after chronic amphetamine administration without subsequent challenge.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['stereotyped behaviors']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The @entity897 (2-DG) method was used to study regional metabolic changes in @entity35 following chronic @entity2254 treatment without subsequent challenges. Four groups of @entity35 were pretreated (intraperitoneal administration) with @entity2254 (0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) once per day for 14 days. After a 7-day abstinence period without further challenge, the 2-DG method was used to measure the rates of local cerebral @entity413 utilization (LCGU). Significant metabolic changes among the four groups were found in five brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens and the lateral habenular nucleus. Another four groups of @entity35 with the same pretreatment regimens, challenged with 5 mg/kg @entity2254 , were used for behavioral testing. The results showed intense @entity146 in the 5 mg/kg and the 10 mg/kg groups. In the steady state, however, there were no significant @entity413 utilization changes in the nigrostriatal system, which is thought to be related to @entity146 . During steady state, metabolic changes were found in a limited number of brain regions. No difference in LCGU was found in the sensitization-related regions. Further challenges with stimulants may be necessary to investigate the metabolic responses after sensitization.

title: Alterations in local cerebral @entity413 utilization in XXXX after chronic amphetamine administration without subsequent challenge.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: A modified pigtail catheter for angiographic documentation and mechanical fragmentation of @entity1151 was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rotation of the 5-F pigtail catheter was performed with an electric drive or a handle. The wire left an oval side hole at the outer curvature and served as an @entity717 . Fragmentation properties were assessed in vitro. Pulmonary positioning, steerability, rotation behavior, and safety were tested in six @entity1707 . @entity1151 were recanalized in eight @entity235 . RESULTS: The catheter system was promptly positioned and easily steered in the pulmonary arteries. On average, 53% of the occluded pulmonary arteries were recanalized. Recanalization reduced the emboli-induced elevation of the pulmonary artery mean pressure by 73%. Slight perivascular @entity548 occurred in three @entity235 . CONCLUSION: Rapid partial recanalization was achieved with relative ease of instrumentation. The technique is an extension of the commonly performed pigtail catheterization of the pulmonary arteries, which may increase its clinical acceptance.

title: XXXX : use of a rotatable pigtail catheter for diagnosis and fragmentation therapy.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolic occlusions', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axis of rotation']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Acute massive pulmonary embolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish imaging criteria for @entity6735 ( @entity6735 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven computed tomographic (CT) scans and 11 magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in 32 @entity1 with @entity6735 were reviewed. Images in 10 @entity1 with @entity6735 and 16 with soft-tissue masses were evaluated blindly. RESULTS: At CT, all 27 @entity1 had @entity121 with heterogeneous attenuation; 26 @entity1 had a focal fluid collection, with rim enhancement in all 18 @entity1 who underwent contrast material-enhanced CT. Twenty-four @entity1 had @entity2688 . At MR imaging, all 11 @entity1 had both a subtle increase in signal intensity in the affected muscle(s) on T1-weighted images and @entity2688 . Nine @entity1 had a focal fluid collection, which had high signal intensity and a hypointense rim on T2-weighted images. In six @entity1 , a rim of increased signal intensity was seen around the collection on T1-weighted images. Six @entity2287 -enhanced examinations demonstrated rim enhancement. Eight @entity1 had fluid in the distal joint. All @entity1 with @entity6735 were correctly identified when evaluated with the control subjects; however, there were four false-positive results. CONCLUSION: CT and MR imaging can help characterize changes that are suspicious for @entity6735 .

title: XXXX : characteristics at CT and MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle enlargement']

entities_list: @entity6735 :: ('MESH:D052880', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'pyomyositis']

answer: @entity6735 :: (MESH:D052880,Disease) :: ['Pyomyositis']


abstract: Striational autoantibodies (StrAb) are a useful serologic marker of @entity704 in @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). We compared a standard immunofluorescence method with a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of StrAb. Retrospective testing of 264 stored sera by the two methods yielded well-correlated results (58 sera were positive by both assays; r = 0.8). For 104 @entity1 with spontaneously acquired @entity1737 or @entity704 , results were 100% concordant, of which 53% were positive. For 34 recipients of @entity2361 , StrAb were found in 15% by EIA and in 6% by immunofluorescence. StrAb were detected in two of four bone marrow recipients by EIA and in one by immunofluorescence. Prospective testing of 434 fresh sera (of which 49 were positive by the two methods) yielded discordant results in only 4. Serial EIA quantitation of StrAb in two @entity1 with @entity1737 and @entity704 proved useful in monitoring immunosuppressant therapy and in a third @entity1 predicted recurrence of the @entity5 . A high prevalence of StrAb was detected by both assays in elderly @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1737 , but StrAb were more readily quantifiable by EIA. The EIA method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting StrAb in @entity1 with @entity704 with and without @entity1737 , in @entity1 treated with @entity2361 , and in those with @entity2132 after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Striational autoantibodies: quantitative detection by enzyme immunoassay in XXXX , @entity704 , and recipients of @entity2361 or allogeneic bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: Striational autoantibodies (StrAb) are a useful serologic marker of @entity704 in @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). We compared a standard immunofluorescence method with a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of StrAb. Retrospective testing of 264 stored sera by the two methods yielded well-correlated results (58 sera were positive by both assays; r = 0.8). For 104 @entity1 with spontaneously acquired @entity1737 or @entity704 , results were 100% concordant, of which 53% were positive. For 34 recipients of @entity2361 , StrAb were found in 15% by EIA and in 6% by immunofluorescence. StrAb were detected in two of four bone marrow recipients by EIA and in one by immunofluorescence. Prospective testing of 434 fresh sera (of which 49 were positive by the two methods) yielded discordant results in only 4. Serial EIA quantitation of StrAb in two @entity1 with @entity1737 and @entity704 proved useful in monitoring immunosuppressant therapy and in a third @entity1 predicted recurrence of the @entity5 . A high prevalence of StrAb was detected by both assays in elderly @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1737 , but StrAb were more readily quantifiable by EIA. The EIA method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting StrAb in @entity1 with @entity704 with and without @entity1737 , in @entity1 treated with @entity2361 , and in those with @entity2132 after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Striational autoantibodies: quantitative detection by enzyme immunoassay in @entity1737 , XXXX , and recipients of @entity2361 or allogeneic bone marrow.

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: Striational autoantibodies (StrAb) are a useful serologic marker of @entity704 in @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). We compared a standard immunofluorescence method with a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of StrAb. Retrospective testing of 264 stored sera by the two methods yielded well-correlated results (58 sera were positive by both assays; r = 0.8). For 104 @entity1 with spontaneously acquired @entity1737 or @entity704 , results were 100% concordant, of which 53% were positive. For 34 recipients of @entity2361 , StrAb were found in 15% by EIA and in 6% by immunofluorescence. StrAb were detected in two of four bone marrow recipients by EIA and in one by immunofluorescence. Prospective testing of 434 fresh sera (of which 49 were positive by the two methods) yielded discordant results in only 4. Serial EIA quantitation of StrAb in two @entity1 with @entity1737 and @entity704 proved useful in monitoring immunosuppressant therapy and in a third @entity1 predicted recurrence of the @entity5 . A high prevalence of StrAb was detected by both assays in elderly @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1737 , but StrAb were more readily quantifiable by EIA. The EIA method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting StrAb in @entity1 with @entity704 with and without @entity1737 , in @entity1 treated with @entity2361 , and in those with @entity2132 after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Striational autoantibodies: quantitative detection by enzyme immunoassay in @entity1737 , @entity704 , and recipients of XXXX or allogeneic bone marrow.

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['D-penicillamine']


abstract: During a prospective investigation of oral lesions of 120 consecutive @entity1 positive for @entity1 @entity465 virus, belonging to the intravenous drug abuser risk group and other risk categories, we observed @entity42912 ( @entity42912 ) in 23 cases (19%). The median age of the @entity1 was 27 years (range, 20 to 50 years). Twenty @entity1 were @entity1 and three were @entity1 . All but two of the twenty three @entity1 used intravenous drugs for a median period of 6 years (range, 5 to 18 years) and were involved in several episodes of needle sharing. Eight @entity1 were also bisexual, one @entity1 was homosexual, and one @entity1 was hemophiliac and bisexual. Eleven @entity1 had @entity4092 , five had @entity16888 , six had @entity16888 , and one had @entity791 . In all @entity1 , @entity42912 lesions were localized on the lateral borders of the tongue. In twelve @entity1 , the lesion was unilateral, and in eleven @entity1 , it was bilateral. Microscopically, hyperparakeratosis and the presence of koilocytes were observed in all cases. Surface @entity7553 could be detected with staining with periodic acid-Schiff in two thirds of the cases. In four cases, electron microscopy showed the presence of intracellular and extracellular hyphae of @entity5132 in the parakeratin layer associated with coccobacilli in the spaces between surface epithelial cells. The spinous layer included koilocytes, which had a clear cytoplasmic matrix, sparse organelles and tonofilaments, and dispersed chromatin. These cells were found to be infected by a herpes-type virus in all cases examined. There was no ultrastructural evidence of @entity1082 in the nuclei of the epithelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Oral XXXX among HIV-positive intravenous drug abusers: a clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16888 :: ('MESH:D000386', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy syndrome', 'AIDS-related complex']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity42912 :: ('MESH:D017733', 'Disease') :: ['hairy leukoplakia', 'HL']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic infection']

answer: @entity42912 :: (MESH:D017733,Disease) :: ['hairy leukoplakia']


abstract: The effect of mode of delivery on the mortality and morbidity of 26- to 32-week neonates was studied. Five hundred six consecutive deliveries at 26 to 32 weeks' gestation were reviewed. The populations were divided into high-risk and low-risk neonates by evaluation of antepartum variables known to increase neonatal risk, ie, @entity5869 . One hundred ninety-six @entity1 were classified as low risk. In this group, 124 vaginal and 72 cesarean section deliveries were compared using demographic, peripartum, and neonatal variables. Cesarean delivery was associated with highly significant maternal morbidity, including a 30% incidence of vertical uterine incision. No difference in neonatal mortality was shown. Cesarean delivery was associated with lower one-minute Apgar scores and a greater incidence and severity of @entity8855 . No neonatal differences were shown in the incidence of @entity130 , @entity548 , or @entity410 . This study does not support cesarean delivery of all tiny neonates.

title: Effect of mode of delivery on morbidity and mortality of XXXX at early gestational age.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['abruptio placenta']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3001 is the most common vector-borne @entity281 in some temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. However, for most areas of @entity66 reliable epidemiologic data are sparse. METHODS: Over a one-year period, we conducted a prospective, population-based survey of cases of @entity3001 in southern Sweden. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the presence of @entity8831 at least 5 cm in diameter or characteristic clinical manifestations such as @entity625 , @entity9144 , and @entity2401 . RESULTS: We identified 1471 @entity1 with @entity3001 , for an overall annual incidence of 69 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence varied markedly according to geographic region, and there were several areas where disease was widely prevalent. The incidence varied according to age, with the highest rates among @entity1 5 to 9 and 60 to 74 years of age, but not according to sex. The most frequent clinical manifestation was @entity8831 (seen in 77 percent of all cases), followed by @entity9144 (16 percent) and @entity625 (7 percent). @entity2401 was rare. A preceding tick bite was reported by 79 percent of the @entity1 . Bites in the head and neck region were more common among @entity1 than among adults and were associated with an increased risk of @entity9144 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3001 is very common in southern Sweden, with a relatively high frequency of @entity16 and @entity625 . With the exception of the low incidence of @entity2401 , the pattern of disease we found in Sweden was similar to that reported in the United States.

title: An epidemiologic study of XXXX in southern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['carditis', 'Carditis']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: An element, -186 to -176 base pairs (bp), in the minimal @entity44935 ( @entity44935 ) promoter binds @entity45880 ( @entity45880 ) and is important for both constitutive expression and TSH/ @entity268 -induced negative autoregulation of the @entity44935 in thyroid cells. An element on the noncoding strand of the @entity44935 , contiguous with the 5'-end of the @entity45880 element, has single strand binding activity. It is distinct from the @entity45880 site, as evidenced by competition experiments using gel shift assays; but the association of the two elements is not random. Thus, the @entity45484 ( @entity45484 ) element also exists contiguous to the 5'-end of an upstream @entity45880 site, -881 to -866 bp; mutation of two conserved nucleotides in each @entity45484 element results in the loss of @entity45484 binding and cross-competition. Transfection experiments indicate that full, constitutive @entity44935 gene expression in @entity35 thyroid cells requires the binding of both SSBPs and @entity45880 , since mutation of either element halves thyroid-specific promoter activity, whereas mutation of both decreases promoter activity to values near those of a control vector. Transfection experiments with @entity35 liver cells support their independent activities and show that the @entity45484 site contributes to @entity44935 gene expression in non-thyroid tissue. The SSBPs function conjointly with @entity45880 in thyroid-specific, TSH/ @entity268 -induced negative autoregulation of the @entity44935 . Thus, @entity10344 or @entity1928 -treated @entity35 cells coordinately decrease @entity44935 RNA levels and @entity44935 DNA binding to both the SSBPs and @entity45880 ; also the maximal TSH/ @entity268 -induced decrease in gene expression requires both elements. The TSH-induced effect in each case is inhibited by @entity1880 ; the TSH-induced decrease in @entity45484 /DNA complex formation requires the presence of insulin or calf serum, exactly as does TSH-induced down-regulation of @entity44935 RNA levels. In sum, full, constitutive expression of the @entity44935 in thyroid cells requires @entity45880 and the SSBPs to bind separate, contiguous elements on the @entity44935 promoter. TSH/ @entity268 decreases the binding of each factor to its respective site, thereby decreasing @entity44935 gene expression. The role of the @entity45484 and @entity45880 sites in constitutive @entity44935 expression and in TSH/ @entity268 -induced negative regulation of the @entity44935 is, therefore, additive and independent.

title: Single strand DNA-binding proteins and XXXX conjointly regulate thyrotropin receptor gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity45484 :: ('54304(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['SSBP', 'single strand binding protein']

entities_list: @entity45880 :: ('499766(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TTF-1', 'thyroid transcription factor-1']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity45880 :: (499766(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']


abstract: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial the efficacy and safety of oral high-dose @entity6955 ( @entity6955 , T) therapy was compared with that of @entity1483 (F) in 10 @entity1 with advanced @entity177 . The efficacy on @entity4 , fluid and electrolyte balance including the influence on @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system and cochlear function was evaluated. @entity1 were randomly allocated to either 500 mg F/d (group 1) or 200 mg T/d (group 2). After 14 days of treatment doses were doubled in each group for further 14 days. With respect to the 2.5 times lower dose of T the clinical effect of both drugs on @entity4 , fluid and @entity1372 excretion was equipotent. Significant differences were noted on calciuresis. Serum @entity460 levels were reduced with F, while T had no influence on @entity460 balance. A significant increase in plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) was observed after F, whereas T had no raising effect on PRA. No significant alteration of plasma @entity1369 concentration occurred with T or F. No adverse effects were noted in both groups. Serial audiometries showed no significant impairment of cochlear function with both drugs. In conclusion, these results indicate that high-dose T is efficient and safe in the treatment of advanced @entity177 . The lack of a calciuric effect with T can be regarded as an advantage in @entity1 with @entity3747 in @entity177 .

title: XXXX for diuretic treatment of advanced @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity6955 :: ('MESH:C026116', 'Chemical') :: ['1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea', 'torasemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity6955 :: (MESH:C026116,Chemical) :: ['Torasemide']


abstract: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial the efficacy and safety of oral high-dose @entity6955 ( @entity6955 , T) therapy was compared with that of @entity1483 (F) in 10 @entity1 with advanced @entity177 . The efficacy on @entity4 , fluid and electrolyte balance including the influence on @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system and cochlear function was evaluated. @entity1 were randomly allocated to either 500 mg F/d (group 1) or 200 mg T/d (group 2). After 14 days of treatment doses were doubled in each group for further 14 days. With respect to the 2.5 times lower dose of T the clinical effect of both drugs on @entity4 , fluid and @entity1372 excretion was equipotent. Significant differences were noted on calciuresis. Serum @entity460 levels were reduced with F, while T had no influence on @entity460 balance. A significant increase in plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) was observed after F, whereas T had no raising effect on PRA. No significant alteration of plasma @entity1369 concentration occurred with T or F. No adverse effects were noted in both groups. Serial audiometries showed no significant impairment of cochlear function with both drugs. In conclusion, these results indicate that high-dose T is efficient and safe in the treatment of advanced @entity177 . The lack of a calciuric effect with T can be regarded as an advantage in @entity1 with @entity3747 in @entity177 .

title: @entity6955 for diuretic treatment of advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: @entity6368 has been shown to produce biofilms both in experimental flow chambers and in the @entity1 host. Our laboratory has shown that extracellular DNA is an essential component of the gonococcal matrix. We have also identified a gene in @entity6368 , which we designated @entity73153 . This gene has homology with the staphylococcus-secreted thermonuclease. Our laboratory has characterized @entity73153 through phenotypic analysis of a @entity73153 deletion mutant. Biofilms grown with this strain are significantly thicker and of greater biomass than the @entity6368 1291 parent strain. Confocal microscopy indicates that the increased size of the mutant biofilms appears to be due to elevated amounts of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix. Chromosomal complementation of the @entity73153 mutation restored the wild-type biofilm phenotype. In addition, we have cloned and expressed the @entity73153 protein in @entity526 , and our data indicate that it has the ability to digest multiple forms of DNA and is a thermonuclease. The ability of @entity73153 to digest DNA also extends to its ability to disrupt established gonococcal biofilms through degradation of the DNA in the biofilm matrix. Our studies indicate that the @entity6368 biofilm contains DNA and that the @entity73153 protein appears to play a role in biofilm formation and remodeling.

title: The XXXX biofilm matrix contains DNA, and an endogenous nuclease controls its incorporation.

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) are reaching adulthood and may require heart transplantation. The survival of these @entity1 after listing and transplantation has not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 41 849 @entity1 (aged >18 years) were listed for primary transplantation during 1995-2009. @entity1 with a history of @entity299 (n=1035; 2.5%) were compared with those with other causes (non- @entity299 group) (n=40 814; 97.5%); 26 055 (62.3%) reached transplantation and were subdivided into those with (reoperation group; n=10 484; 40.2%) and without (nonreoperation group; n=15 571; 59.8%) a previous sternotomy. Survival on the waiting list was similar between groups, but mechanical ventricular assistance was not associated with superior survival to transplantation among @entity299 @entity1 . @entity299 @entity1 were more likely to have body mass index <18.5 at transplantation (P<0.0001), were younger, and had fewer comorbidities. Early mortality among @entity1 with @entity299 was high (reoperation, 18.9% versus 9.6%; P<0.0001; nonreoperation, 16.6% versus 6.3%; P<0.0001), but by 10 years, overall survival was equivalent (53.8% versus 53.6%). Analysis was limited by the lack of specific information regarding the @entity299 diagnosis in most @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity299 have high 30-day mortality but better late survival after heart transplantation. Mechanical circulatory assistance does not improve waiting list survival in these @entity1 . This may be due to a combination of highly complex reoperative surgery and often poor preoperative systemic health.

title: Listing and transplanting adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease', 'CHD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is frequent in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and can occur at early stages. Whereas functional reorganization with disease progression has been described for the motor system in @entity15 using fMRI, no such studies exist for cognition. We attempted to assess the concept of functional reorganization concerning cognition using a simple "Go/No-go" fMRI paradigm. METHODS: @entity1 with a @entity922 ( @entity922 , n = 10), @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) (n = 10), or @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ) (n = 10), and 28 @entity23 ( @entity23 ), underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, clinical examination, structural imaging, and an fMRI Go/No-go discrimination task at 3 T. RESULTS: @entity1 performed worse than @entity23 regarding memory, sustained attention and concentration, and information processing. These differences were driven by @entity1 with @entity19383 . The fMRI task elicited activation in a widespread network including bilateral mesial and dorsolateral frontal, parietal, insular, basal ganglia, and cerebellar regions. Task performance was similar between phenotypes, but deviation from the activation pattern observed in @entity23 and @entity1 with @entity922 increased with disease progression. @entity1 with @entity3780 showed increased brain activation in the precuneus, both superior parietal lobes, and the right fusiform gyrus, and recruited the hippocampus with increasing demands. @entity1 with @entity19383 demonstrated the most abnormal network function, including recruitment of pre-SMA, bilateral superior and inferior parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal, right precentral, bilateral postcentral, and right temporal brain areas. CONCLUSION: Using a cognitive fMRI paradigm, we were able to confirm adaptive changes of neuronal activation with progressing @entity15 and to provide strong evidence for their compensatory nature, at least partially.

title: Reorganization in cognitive networks with progression of XXXX : insights from fMRI.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive dysfunction', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['secondary progressive MS', 'SPMS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test if serially sampled determinations of the contact system proteins and factor V have prognostic value for @entity204 in @entity1 who develop the @entity1850 . DESIGN: Prospective, observational study with sequential measurements in an inception cohort. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit (ICU) in a community hospital. @entity1 : Over a 1-yr period, a population base sample of 23 @entity1 was selected from all ICU admissions who met established criteria for the @entity1850 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Components of the contact system, factor XII, prekallikrein, high-molecular-weight kininogen, factor XI, alpha 2-macroglobulin-kallikrein complexes and factor V values were measured in plasma samples collected serially (day of admission, and at 2, 12, 24, 48 and/or 72 hrs or at discharge). Data were analyzed to determine if admission values or serially obtained values within 48 hrs were useful in predicting outcome. Fourteen @entity1 survived and nine died. At admission, in all @entity1 , assay values indicated that @entity18036 , @entity13474 were significantly lower than normal (as observed in a range of 20 to 23 healthy adults), alpha 2-macroglobulin-kallikrein complexes were higher than normal, while concentrations of factor XII and factor XI were in the normal range. No differences were detected in the admission values between survivors and nonsurvivors, nor between @entity1 with positive or negative blood cultures. However, subsequent values demonstrated a difference in values between survivors and nonsurvivors. Survivors showed improvement in high molecular weight kininogen values and higher than normal factor V values, as compared with nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS: Low or persistently low serial factor XII, high-molecular-weight kininogen and factor V values are associated with a poor prognosis, whereas high or increasing values of factor XII, high-molecular-weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor V all correlate with a favorable outcome.

title: Prognostic value of assessing contact system activation and factor V in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity18036 :: ('MESH:D011288', 'Chemical') :: ['prekallikrein']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Gene') :: ['high-molecular-weight kininogen, and factor V']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of standardized scales is critical for monitoring the interventions within and between different populations, but the current Spanish tools are dispersed in several scales. A simple tool for simultaneously and exhaustively evaluating @entity1 's symptoms and @entity147 in Spanish-speaking groups is needed. METHODS: RMBPC was translated into Spanish by cross-cultural adaptation. Comprehensibility and easiness of @entity146 were evaluated with 92 @entity1 -caregiver dyads. Reliability, stability and scale structure were evaluated by Cronbach's a, test-retest and factor analysis respectively. Concurrent and discriminant validity were assessed by correlation with validated tools for measuring stage of @entity303 ; memory, disruptive behaviors and @entity308 symptoms of the @entity1 ; and @entity148 , @entity308 and burden of the caregivers ( @entity7958 , MMSE, NPIq, NPI disruption, NPI @entity308 , HADS-A; HADS-D and Zarit Burden Interview respectively). RESULTS: Almost all caregivers completed the questionnaire (97% completeness; 7.5% missing data). Both the frequency of @entity1 's Symptoms and Caregiver Reaction scores and subscores displayed high stability and reliability. All of these scores correlated positively with their respective validated tools as predicted, except with MMSE. The @entity1 ' subscores for @entity952 and @entity2414 displayed their highest correlation with the disruptive symptoms and level of @entity303 validated tools. CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 is a validated tool for assessing the @entity303 stage and the @entity146 morbidity of @entity1 and caregivers. The Frequency Disruption and Memory subscales assess specifically @entity1 's disruptive symptoms and @entity303 stages. These tools can be applied to analyze the burden of the @entity1 's disease and the @entity147 in Spanish-speaking populations.

title: XXXX ( @entity146 ): trans-cultural adaptation and validation of the RMBPC questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['SpRMBPC', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ["caregiver's distress"]

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['Disruptive Behaviors']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory Impairment']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Spanish Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist Scale']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of standardized scales is critical for monitoring the interventions within and between different populations, but the current Spanish tools are dispersed in several scales. A simple tool for simultaneously and exhaustively evaluating @entity1 's symptoms and @entity147 in Spanish-speaking groups is needed. METHODS: RMBPC was translated into Spanish by cross-cultural adaptation. Comprehensibility and easiness of @entity146 were evaluated with 92 @entity1 -caregiver dyads. Reliability, stability and scale structure were evaluated by Cronbach's a, test-retest and factor analysis respectively. Concurrent and discriminant validity were assessed by correlation with validated tools for measuring stage of @entity303 ; memory, disruptive behaviors and @entity308 symptoms of the @entity1 ; and @entity148 , @entity308 and burden of the caregivers ( @entity7958 , MMSE, NPIq, NPI disruption, NPI @entity308 , HADS-A; HADS-D and Zarit Burden Interview respectively). RESULTS: Almost all caregivers completed the questionnaire (97% completeness; 7.5% missing data). Both the frequency of @entity1 's Symptoms and Caregiver Reaction scores and subscores displayed high stability and reliability. All of these scores correlated positively with their respective validated tools as predicted, except with MMSE. The @entity1 ' subscores for @entity952 and @entity2414 displayed their highest correlation with the disruptive symptoms and level of @entity303 validated tools. CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 is a validated tool for assessing the @entity303 stage and the @entity146 morbidity of @entity1 and caregivers. The Frequency Disruption and Memory subscales assess specifically @entity1 's disruptive symptoms and @entity303 stages. These tools can be applied to analyze the burden of the @entity1 's disease and the @entity147 in Spanish-speaking populations.

title: @entity146 ( XXXX ): trans-cultural adaptation and validation of the RMBPC questionnaire.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['SpRMBPC']


abstract: Renal sonography was performed in 36 @entity1 with clinical and/or laboratory evidence of @entity791 , usually because of deteriorating renal function. In 15 @entity1 , histopathologic specimens were reviewed to characterize renal pathologic changes underlying the sonographic findings. Sonographic evaluation included determination of renal size and cortical echogenicity according to a standard grading system. Pathologic specimens were evaluated for tubular and @entity8 . Sonography showed either normal-sized or enlarged kidneys with grade I cortical echogenicity in 13 @entity1 (36%), grade II in three @entity1 (8%), and grade III in five @entity1 (14%). Fifteen @entity1 (42%) had normal renal echogenicity. In addition to focal segmental @entity631 the pathologic examination showed different degrees of @entity66 . Striking, irregularly dilated, infolded tubules with flattened epithelium and intratubular deposits of proteinaceous material, and sometimes cystlike formation involving the medulla and cortex, were seen in two @entity1 with @entity8 , and mild dilatation of the tubules was seen in four @entity1 with grade I disease. Moderate tubular dilatation was observed in one @entity1 with grade I disease. No significant @entity66 was seen in one @entity1 with grade I disease or in seven @entity1 with normal renal echogenicity. Although glomerular changes contribute to the increase in renal echogenicity, we postulate that the main factors responsible for the increased echogenicity in @entity8 are the striking @entity66 seen in these @entity1 .

title: Renal involvement in XXXX : sonographic-pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS nephropathy', 'grade III kidneys', 'glomerular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tubular abnormality', 'tubular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity272 ( @entity272 ) is the most common screening method for allergy evaluation. The detection of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is also commonly used. The sensitivity and specificity of these testing methods may vary due to type of causative allergen and type of allergic manifestation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between two methods of measuring sIgE (AllergyScreen [Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany] and ImmunoCAP [Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden]) and @entity272 for the diagnosis of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). METHODS: All 216 @entity1 who were referred to the allergist for suspected @entity2023 from June to October 2009 had @entity272 and the two serological tests. One hundred fifty-eight @entity1 had a positive clinical history and a related positive @entity272 . The @entity272 was used as reference standard, and we selected three allergens ( @entity7130 , mugwort, and ragweed), which were common in fall in northeast China, to analyze the correlation of the two serum tests and @entity272 . RESULTS: Compared with the @entity272 , the diagnostic indexes (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) of the AllergyScreen system and the ImmunoCAP system were 0.819 versus 0.810, 0.780 versus 0.872, and 0.862 versus 0.741, respectively. The accuracy was similar between the two systems (p > 0.05). The ImmunoCAP system method had a higher sensitivity (p < 0.01). The AllergyScreen system had a higher specificity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These data support that the AllergyScreen system and ImmunoCAP system can identify potentially significant allergens in the diagnosis of @entity2023 in @entity1 from northeastern China.

title: Correlation analysis of two serum-specific immunoglobulin E test systems and skin-prick test in XXXX @entity1 from northeast China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SPT', 'Skin-prick testing']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity272 ( @entity272 ) is the most common screening method for allergy evaluation. The detection of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is also commonly used. The sensitivity and specificity of these testing methods may vary due to type of causative allergen and type of allergic manifestation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between two methods of measuring sIgE (AllergyScreen [Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany] and ImmunoCAP [Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden]) and @entity272 for the diagnosis of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). METHODS: All 216 @entity1 who were referred to the allergist for suspected @entity2023 from June to October 2009 had @entity272 and the two serological tests. One hundred fifty-eight @entity1 had a positive clinical history and a related positive @entity272 . The @entity272 was used as reference standard, and we selected three allergens ( @entity7130 , mugwort, and ragweed), which were common in fall in northeast China, to analyze the correlation of the two serum tests and @entity272 . RESULTS: Compared with the @entity272 , the diagnostic indexes (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) of the AllergyScreen system and the ImmunoCAP system were 0.819 versus 0.810, 0.780 versus 0.872, and 0.862 versus 0.741, respectively. The accuracy was similar between the two systems (p > 0.05). The ImmunoCAP system method had a higher sensitivity (p < 0.01). The AllergyScreen system had a higher specificity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These data support that the AllergyScreen system and ImmunoCAP system can identify potentially significant allergens in the diagnosis of @entity2023 in @entity1 from northeastern China.

title: Correlation analysis of two serum-specific immunoglobulin E test systems and skin-prick test in @entity2023 XXXX from northeast China.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Dissociation, though understood as a response to @entity130 , lacks a proven etiology. The assumption of a dose-response relationship between @entity130 , dissociation and Schneiderian symptoms led to the proposal of a dissociative subtype of @entity161 characterized by severe @entity1 maltreatment, dissociation and @entity716 . @entity1 maltreatment and dissociation are common features of @entity6004 as well, and the link between @entity130 , dissociation, and @entity1833 is not specific for @entity161 . This study compares childhood abuse and neglect, @entity147 and @entity4785 in @entity1 with @entity716 vs. @entity914 . Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity914 and twenty-five with @entity161 were analyzed using the @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity12269 ), the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ), the Childhood @entity130 Questionnaire (CTO) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP)-module on dissociation. @entity130 and clinical syndromes were compared by means of T-testing and logistic regression between 1) the diagnoses and 2) groups with and without @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), marked dissociation and @entity716 . While @entity914 was related to abuse, @entity161 showed an association with neglect. Childhood @entity130 predicted posttraumatic symptomatology and negative symptoms. Childhood abuse and neglect may effectuate different outcomes in @entity914 . The underlying mechanisms, including dissociation, dovetail with cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes involved in @entity308 , @entity147 and @entity102 rather than being directly linked to @entity130 .

title: Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by @entity147 in @entity6004 and negative symptoms in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'child', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['adult dissociation']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms', 'SAPS']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic distress']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic and psychotic disorder', 'non-psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic schizophrenia symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms', 'psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Dissociation, though understood as a response to @entity130 , lacks a proven etiology. The assumption of a dose-response relationship between @entity130 , dissociation and Schneiderian symptoms led to the proposal of a dissociative subtype of @entity161 characterized by severe @entity1 maltreatment, dissociation and @entity716 . @entity1 maltreatment and dissociation are common features of @entity6004 as well, and the link between @entity130 , dissociation, and @entity1833 is not specific for @entity161 . This study compares childhood abuse and neglect, @entity147 and @entity4785 in @entity1 with @entity716 vs. @entity914 . Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity914 and twenty-five with @entity161 were analyzed using the @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity12269 ), the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ), the Childhood @entity130 Questionnaire (CTO) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP)-module on dissociation. @entity130 and clinical syndromes were compared by means of T-testing and logistic regression between 1) the diagnoses and 2) groups with and without @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), marked dissociation and @entity716 . While @entity914 was related to abuse, @entity161 showed an association with neglect. Childhood @entity130 predicted posttraumatic symptomatology and negative symptoms. Childhood abuse and neglect may effectuate different outcomes in @entity914 . The underlying mechanisms, including dissociation, dovetail with cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes involved in @entity308 , @entity147 and @entity102 rather than being directly linked to @entity130 .

title: Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by @entity147 in XXXX and negative symptoms in @entity161 ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity6004 :: (MESH:D009497,Disease) :: ['neurotic disorder']


abstract: Dissociation, though understood as a response to @entity130 , lacks a proven etiology. The assumption of a dose-response relationship between @entity130 , dissociation and Schneiderian symptoms led to the proposal of a dissociative subtype of @entity161 characterized by severe @entity1 maltreatment, dissociation and @entity716 . @entity1 maltreatment and dissociation are common features of @entity6004 as well, and the link between @entity130 , dissociation, and @entity1833 is not specific for @entity161 . This study compares childhood abuse and neglect, @entity147 and @entity4785 in @entity1 with @entity716 vs. @entity914 . Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity914 and twenty-five with @entity161 were analyzed using the @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity12269 ), the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ), the Childhood @entity130 Questionnaire (CTO) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP)-module on dissociation. @entity130 and clinical syndromes were compared by means of T-testing and logistic regression between 1) the diagnoses and 2) groups with and without @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), marked dissociation and @entity716 . While @entity914 was related to abuse, @entity161 showed an association with neglect. Childhood @entity130 predicted posttraumatic symptomatology and negative symptoms. Childhood abuse and neglect may effectuate different outcomes in @entity914 . The underlying mechanisms, including dissociation, dovetail with cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes involved in @entity308 , @entity147 and @entity102 rather than being directly linked to @entity130 .

title: Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by XXXX in @entity6004 and negative symptoms in @entity161 ?

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic distress']


abstract: Over the last 22 years, we have encountered 34 examples of a highly aggressive @entity5 with a microscopic morphology that is highly predictive of finding sickled erythrocytes in the tissue. With the exception of one @entity1 , all are believed to have had sickle cell trait or, in one case, @entity13654 . These 33 @entity1 are the subject of this report and, where their race was known, they were all blacks between the ages of 11 and 39 years. Between the ages of 11 and 24 years, males predominated by 3 to 1. Beyond age 24, however, the @entity5 occurred equally in @entity1 and @entity1 . The dominant @entity5 mass was in the medulla and ranged from 4 to 12 cm in diameter. Mean size was 7 cm; median, 6 cm. Peripheral satellites in the renal cortex and pelvic soft tissues, as well as venous and lymphatic invasion, were usually present. The lesions exhibited a reticular, yolk sac-like, or adenoid cystic appearance, often with poorly differentiated areas in a highly desmoplastic stroma admixed with neutrophils and usually marginated by lymphocytes. The @entity5 had usually metastasized when first discovered, and none was confined to the kidney at the time of nephrectomy. The mean duration of life after surgery was 15 weeks. These @entity5 probably arise in the calyceal epithelium in or near the @entity8 , the same site that produces the more familiar picture of unilateral @entity811 in @entity1 with sickle cell trait. We have concluded that @entity703 represents another example of @entity8 associated with @entity3458 . The other six are unilateral @entity811 , @entity5720 , @entity1985 , @entity1188 , inability to concentrate urine, and @entity2885 .

title: @entity703 . The seventh sickle cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal papillae', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity13654 :: ('MESH:D006450', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobin SC disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disorders']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal medullary carcinoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: Over the last 22 years, we have encountered 34 examples of a highly aggressive @entity5 with a microscopic morphology that is highly predictive of finding sickled erythrocytes in the tissue. With the exception of one @entity1 , all are believed to have had sickle cell trait or, in one case, @entity13654 . These 33 @entity1 are the subject of this report and, where their race was known, they were all blacks between the ages of 11 and 39 years. Between the ages of 11 and 24 years, males predominated by 3 to 1. Beyond age 24, however, the @entity5 occurred equally in @entity1 and @entity1 . The dominant @entity5 mass was in the medulla and ranged from 4 to 12 cm in diameter. Mean size was 7 cm; median, 6 cm. Peripheral satellites in the renal cortex and pelvic soft tissues, as well as venous and lymphatic invasion, were usually present. The lesions exhibited a reticular, yolk sac-like, or adenoid cystic appearance, often with poorly differentiated areas in a highly desmoplastic stroma admixed with neutrophils and usually marginated by lymphocytes. The @entity5 had usually metastasized when first discovered, and none was confined to the kidney at the time of nephrectomy. The mean duration of life after surgery was 15 weeks. These @entity5 probably arise in the calyceal epithelium in or near the @entity8 , the same site that produces the more familiar picture of unilateral @entity811 in @entity1 with sickle cell trait. We have concluded that @entity703 represents another example of @entity8 associated with @entity3458 . The other six are unilateral @entity811 , @entity5720 , @entity1985 , @entity1188 , inability to concentrate urine, and @entity2885 .

title: XXXX . The seventh sickle cell @entity8 .

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal medullary carcinoma']


abstract: The body plan of @entity1238 can be respecified by briefly exposing early cleavage stage embryos to @entity1091 . Such embryos develop exaggerated dorsoanterior structures such as a radial eye and cement gland (K.R. Kao, Y. Masui, and R.P. Elinson, 1986, Nature (London) 322, 371-373). In this paper, we demonstrate that the enhanced dorsoanterior phenotype results from an overcommitment of mesoderm to dorsoanterior mesoderm. Histological and immunohistochemical observations reveal that the embryos have a greatly enlarged notochord with very little muscle tissue. In addition, they develop a radial, beating heart, suggesting that @entity1091 also specifies anterior mesoderm and pharyngeal endoderm. Randomly oriented diametrically opposed marginal zone grafts from @entity1091 -treated embryos, when transplanted into ultraviolet (uv)-irradiated @entity2270 hosts, rescue dorsal axial structures. These transplantation experiments demonstrate that the entire marginal zone of the early gastrula consists of presumptive dorsal mesoderm. Vital dye marking experiments also indicate that the entire marginal zone maps to the prominent proboscis that is composed of chordamesoderm and represents the long axis of the embryo. These results suggest that @entity1091 respecifies the mesoderm of @entity1238 embryos so that it differentiates into the Spemann organizer. We suggest that the origin of the dorsoanterior enhanced phenotypes generated by @entity1091 and the dorsoanterior deficient phenotypes generated by uv irradiation are due to relative quantities of organizer. Our evidence demonstrates the existence of a continuum of body plan phenotypes based on this premise.

title: The entire mesodermal mantle behaves as Spemann's organizer in dorsoanterior enhanced XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis-deficient']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: Protein phosphorylation is a significant mechanism in many cellular functions, including genomic regulation and control of cell proliferation. Thus, investigations of protein kinases (PKs) in appropriate experimental models are of intense current interest. Employing androgenic regulation of the @entity35 ventral prostate (RVP) as an experimental model, we have investigated certain nuclear PK reactions with the aim of defining their role in @entity342 -mediated genomic regulation in the prostate and their implications for @entity1 prostate pathobiology. The author's laboratory identified @entity342 -sensitive PKs in the prostatic cell nucleus that might be involved in regulation of the gland. These PKs are analogous to @entity62179 1 ( @entity73154 ) and @entity62179 2 (CK-2), which are important multipotential enzymes in growth regulation and cell proliferation. Because CK-2 demonstrated a greater @entity342 sensitivity, we investigated the mechanism of its regulation at the level of transcription in the RVP, finding that @entity3800 exert a substantial tissue-specific effect on its expression. However, regulation of CK-2 gene transcription does not appear to be an early event in @entity342 action, an observation that did not accord with our previous documentation of an early androgenic modulation of nuclear CKs in the prostate. Studies to uncover alternative mechanisms of regulation of CK-2 yielded a potentially important observation that androgenic regulation involves changes in the association of the enzyme with subnuclear compartments as an early event in its growth control function. Additionally, chromatin preparations from @entity1 @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) demonstrate a large enhancement in intrinsic CK-2 activity compared with normal tissue. An increase also is observed in specimens of @entity263 , although the change is less substantial than that in @entity1067 . There appears to be a correlation between the localization of CK-2 in sections of @entity263 and the Gleason grade, a measure of the degree of differentiation. Further investigations of the cellular as well as the molecular mechanisms of CK-2 regulation in the prostate as an experimental model of the response to influences on growth may yield new insight into the function of this PK.

title: Significance of the XXXX system in cell growth and proliferation with emphasis on studies of the androgenic regulation of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity62179 :: (149420,Gene) :: ['casein kinase']


abstract: AIMS: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity30296 of @entity30293 has been shown to be associated with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity453 and @entity2998 , but it is not clear whether it also plays a role in @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is often used as a non-invasive measure of @entity3657 ; therefore, the aim of this study was to test for a relationship between the SNP @entity30296 and ABI. METHODS: A total of 537 high-risk subjects with a family history of @entity583 or @entity64 completed a health survey, including a physical examination, blood test and measurement of ABI. Among them, 523 subjects had the genotypes. Association analyses between the genotype of @entity30293 and ABI were performed by multiple linear and logistic regressions with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: We found that the GG genotype is significantly associated with a lower ABI value. For the lowest ABI tertile, the GG genotype had an OR of 2.87 (p =0.018) when compared with the middle ABI tertile, and OR of 2.92 (p =0.015) when compared to the highest ABI tertile. @entity1 with the GG genotype had a lower ABI value than @entity1 with the same genotype (p =0.012). Accordingly, @entity1 carrying this GG risk genotype may have a higher risk for @entity3657 . CONCLUSION: Our findings provide additional evidence that support the genetic effect of @entity30293 on diverse cardiovascular phenotypes.

title: Polymorphism of 270 A > G in XXXX is Associated with Lower Ankle-Brachial Index in a Taiwanese Population.

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity30293 :: (8315,Gene) :: ['BRAP']


abstract: We have used slice culture of the entorhino-hippocampal system to investigate (1) whether nerve fibres which are cut postnatally are able to regenerate and (2) whether the regenerating fibres are able to establish correct selective target specificity in the formation of their terminal fields. Slices of tissue were taken in the horizontal plane through the caudo-ventral pole of the cerebral hemisphere of 9- to 10-day-old @entity35 . Such slices maintain the entorhinal cortex in continuity with the hippocampus and intervening retrohippocampal areas. However, because of the dorsal inclination of the entorhino-hippocampal projection fibres in situ, the segments of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus contained within each individual horizontal slice were disconnected from each other. During subsequent culture, the formation of fibre connections between the entorhinal area and the hippocampal complex was studied by the extracellular and intracellular anterograde transport of @entity18663 or @entity1885 dextran, the retrograde transport of @entity1885 dextran or @entity18788 dyes, and by electrical stimulation and recording. For the first 24 h after taking the slice, there were no entorhinal projections beyond the deep white matter, and no fibres reached the hippocampus or dentate gyrus. After 3 days in culture a small number of growing fibres had perforated the subiculum and entered the target areas. Between 6 and 14 days these projections increased and matured. As in the normal adult brain, entorhinal layer II stellate cells projected correctly to the dentate gyrus and hippocampal field @entity1251 , whereas layer III pyramidal cells projected to hippocampal field @entity1249 and the subiculum. The new fibres grew along both alvear and perforant pathways. Anterograde and retrograde labelling showed that the reciprocal projections from the pyramidal cells of the subiculum and @entity1249 to the entorhinal area had also been severed at the time of taking the slices, and had similarly regenerated. Our results demonstrate that by taking tissue slices in appropriate planes it is possible to study the regeneration of axons in the tissue environment through which they normally run. This approach avoids the use of coculture and the concomitant difficulties associated with the need for fibres to cross a coculture interface. In horizontal slices of postnatal tissue, severed fibre projections between the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal complex can regenerate in both directions and re-establish their correct laminar, pathway and target specificity.

title: Axons regenerate with correct specificity in horizontal slice culture of the postnatal XXXX entorhino-hippocampal system.

entities_list: @entity18788 :: ('CHEBI:52218', 'Chemical') :: ['carbocyanine']

entities_list: @entity18663 :: ('CHEBI:27870', 'Chemical') :: ['biocytin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical dyssynchrony has proven to be superior to QRS duration in predicting response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). Whether time to peak longitudinal strain delay between the mid-septum and mid-lateral left ventricular wall better predicts CRT response than tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is unclear. This study compares the value of the two methods for the assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony and prediction of CRT responders. METHODS: 66 clinical responders and 17 nonresponders to CRT with severe @entity712 (LVEF <35%), New York Heart Association classification III or IV and a wide QRS >130 ms with @entity714 were evaluated by peak longitudinal strain and TDI. Doppler echocardiograms and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) intervals were acquired before and after pacemaker implantation. RESULTS: In all responders @entity1054 measured by peak longitudinal strain was >60 ms before implantation, compared with 76% of the @entity1 measured by TDI. Nonresponders had @entity1054 <60 ms measured by both techniques. Only peak longitudinal strain delay showed shortened values in every responder postimplantation and demonstrated the most significant reduction and could predict responders to CRT. However, @entity1054 measured by TDI did not diminish in 30% of the positive clinical responders. Nonresponders showed worsening of the @entity1054 with peak longitudinal strain, but not with TDI. CONCLUSIONS: Responders to CRT can be excellently predicted if @entity1054 before implantation determined by peak longitudinal strain delay is >60 ms. Peak longitudinal strain delay appears to be superior to TDI to predict the response to CRT. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:574-82.).

title: Peak longitudinal strain delay is superior to TDI in the selection of XXXX for resynchronisation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['electromechanical time delay', 'EMD']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ), or ovarian mesothelium, is functionally complex as seen by its capacity to proliferate, migrate, and contribute to ovulation and ovulatory repair in response to cyclic hormonal and environmental changes. We wished to determine whether this phenotypic versatility is reflected in cell-extracellular matrix interactions in primary and low-passage culture. Comparisons of cultures maintained on different substrata revealed that these cells form cohesive monolayers on plastic, while fibrin clots enhance cell dispersion, and thus may provide a migratory cue. The cells invaded Matrigel as multicellular aggregates, while collagen gels mediated a morphologic epithelial-mesenchymal conversion. On plastic, the cells produced extracellular matrix components characteristic of epithelial basement membrane (laminin and collagen type IV), as well as stroma (collagen types I and III). In addition, ovarian surface epithelial cells secreted @entity563 proteases and matrix metalloproteinases. The levels of chymotrypsin- and elastase-like proteases were dictated by the substratum: low levels were secreted by cells grown on plastic, intermediate levels on collagen gels and fibrin clots, and most protease was produced on Matrigel. The rate of cell proliferation varied with the substrata and was inversely related to protease secretion. Integrin expression was greatest on plastic and least on collagen gels where integrins were downregulated with time. alpha 6/beta 4 was absent from all cells while varying levels of alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 5, beta 1, and vitronectin receptor were detected depending on the culture substratum employed. In low-passage cultures of @entity1 ovarian surface epithelial cells, then, cell shape, growth, protease production, and integrin expression are modulated by the extracellular matrix. The cells, in turn, alter extracellular matrix by synthesis, lysis, and physical remodeling, and express both stromal and epithelial characteristics. The broad repertoire of these functions may be related to their mesodermal origin, and may reflect the expression of a dual, epithelio-mesenchymal phenotype by relatively immature, uncommitted cells. The results demonstrate the great complexity and versatility of these interactions which render @entity2670 cells capable of participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes.

title: Reciprocal interactions between XXXX ovarian surface epithelial cells and adjacent extracellular matrix.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian surface epithelium', 'OSE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the relative performance of one-dimensional (1D) manual, rigid-translational, and nonrigid registration techniques to correct misalignment of @entity2 anatomy acquired from computed tomography perfusion (CTp) datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five datasets in @entity1 with @entity2 who had undergone a CTp protocol were evaluated. Each dataset consisted of one reference CT image from an initial cine slab and six subsequent breathhold helical volumes (16-row multi-detector CT), acquired during intravenous contrast administration. Each helical volume was registered to the reference image using two semiautomated intensity-based registration methods (rigid-translational and nonrigid), and 1D manual registration (the only registration method available in the relevant application software). The performance of each technique to align @entity5 regions was assessed quantitatively (percent overlap and distance of center of mass), and by a visual validation study (using a 5-point scale). The registration methods were statistically compared using linear mixed and ordinal probit regression models. RESULTS: Quantitatively, @entity5 alignment with the nonrigid method compared to rigid-translation was borderline significant, which in turn was significantly better than the 1D manual method: average (   SD) percent overlap, 91.8    2.3%, 87.7    5.5%, and 77.6    5.9%, respectively; and average (   SD) DCOM, 0.41    0.16 mm, 1.08    1.13 mm, and 2.99    2.93 mm, respectively (all P < .0001). Visual validation confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION: Semiautomated registration methods achieved superior @entity2 compared to the 1D manual method. This will hopefully translate into more reliable CTp analyses.

title: Semiautomated motion correction of XXXX in lung CT-perfusion studies.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'alignment of lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']