abstract: Effects of preoperative chemotherapy with three courses of a combination of @entity1732 , @entity1891 , @entity14954 , @entity229 , and @entity1499 , with a leucovorin rescue, followed by surgery were studied in 43 @entity1 with @entity957 of the oral region. Before chemotherapy 34 @entity1 (79%) had @entity5 whereas nine @entity1 had @entity34 . The clinical response was very encouraging: 20 @entity1 (46%) achieved a clinical complete response and 23 @entity1 (54%) were judged as partial responders. Side effects of this chemotherapy were minimal and reversible. Between 15 and 22 days after the last course of chemotherapy @entity1 went to surgery. @entity532 did not occur. The surgical specimens were tested microscopically. The microphotographs showed small @entity5 rests with @entity7468 bordered by @entity17790 and separated from the healthy tissues. With a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 21-58 months) 74% of @entity1 are alive and 70% remain disease-free. Eleven @entity1 died but only five (11%) because of the failure of therapy. This combined therapy appears both safe and promising treatment for advanced @entity957 of the oral cavity. A further follow-up study needed to confirm the promising 5-year results.

title: A combined treatment for advanced oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14954 :: ('MESH:D008936', 'Chemical') :: ['mitolactol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III or IV carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['advanced squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cells']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing complications']

entities_list: @entity17790 :: ('MESH:D018218', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cavity cancers']


abstract: As more and more nations are scrutinizing their health care costs, attention has been focused on high-cost low-density disease. Assessment of actual total cost of care for @entity447 and its positive outcome becomes essential to justify support for these @entity1 . In this study, we assessed hospital cost and diagnosis-related group (DRG) reimbursement for @entity1 undergoing elective orthopaedic surgical procedures from May 1999 to December 1999. Hospital cost was assessed by a prospective microcost-analysis method. To identify real hospital costs, we performed registration of preoperative phase, operative phase and 1-year follow-up costs. Hospital cost included personnel costs and costs for clinical and laboratory procedures, blood products, prosthetic implants, coagulation factor concentrates and drugs. These data were compared with hospital DRG reimbursement. We included nine consecutive @entity1 , with a mean age 38 years (19-54 years) who had had 10 major orthopaedic surgical procedures performed during the study period. Six @entity1 had @entity447 , two had @entity4777 and one had @entity5630 . Data analysis showed a mean cost of US  54,201 (range US  25,795-105,479; 1US  = 8.5 @entity11963 ). The average actual hospital revenue (50% DRG reimbursement + income related to length of stay) was  4,730 (range   1,308-13,601). Our study confirms that orthopaedic surgery in @entity1 with severe @entity3459 puts the hospital to a considerable expense. Activity-based financing, as used in Norway, does not provide a proper reimbursement for this part of the @entity447 care.

title: Orthopaedic surgery in severe XXXX : a low-volume, high-cost procedure.

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['factor VII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia B']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['bleeding disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1694 and @entity19016 the lack of melanin in the epidermis is due to the fact that melanocytes are missing. The @entity1 suffer psychologically and the white areas have lost the part of the skin barrier protection normally provided by the melanocytes. Medical treatments are ineffective in many of the @entity1 , and surgical methods have therefore been developed. OBJECTIVES: It is important to investigate the long-term results and factors that might influence the outcome of melanocyte transplantations in order to form a basis for guidance in the selection of @entity1 who will benefit most from the treatments. METHODS: A follow-up of 132 @entity1 who had been treated by transplantation on 176 occasions in total, 1-7 years previously, was carried out by questionnaires and clinical examinations. We investigated the responses in five types of leucoderma to three different transplantation methods: autologous cultured melanocytes, ultrathin epidermal sheets and basal layer cell suspension. RESULTS: Stable types of leucoderma, i.e. segmental @entity1694 and @entity19016 , responded in most cases with 100% repigmentation, regardless of the surgical method used. For these types of leucoderma surgery seems to be the method of choice. The largest group, @entity1694 , was thoroughly scrutinized and three statistical models were used to analyse the data. The ultrathin epidermal sheet method gave somewhat better overall results, but was the method that gave the worst outcome in knee and elbow areas, emphasizing the importance of the right choice of method depending on the anatomical location to be treated. Irrespective of the method, fingers and elbows were the most difficult areas to repigment. The trunk and the arms and legs (not including elbows and knees) responded best. @entity1 with increasing and/or extensive @entity1694 more often showed incomplete repigmentation. They also had a lower chance of retaining their repigmentation compared with those with less extensive @entity1694 . @entity1 in whom untreated white lesions had increased in recent years tended to respond less well to transplantation compared with @entity1 with unchanged or decreased lesions. Within the @entity1694 group, @entity1 with @entity66 duration or with small total @entity1694 area responded best to transplantation. The subgroup of @entity1694 @entity1 with @entity1375 tend to respond less well to the transplantation and they were generally older at @entity1694 onset. This information is of great importance for the selection of @entity1 and when informing about the chances of improvement after transplantation. @entity2117 was common, especially when ultrathin epidermal sheets had been used. No scars or indurations were seen in treated areas. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantations are the methods of choice in stable types of leucoderma. Progressive, widespread @entity1694 should never be selected for transplantation.

title: Long-term follow-up of leucoderma XXXX treated with transplants of autologous cultured melanocytes, ultrathin epidermal sheets and basal cell layer suspension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['short disease']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['Slight hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity19016 :: ('MESH:D016116', 'Disease') :: ['piebaldism']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo vulgaris', 'vitiligo']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous manifestations are the most frequent, and often the initial feature of extra-articular involvement in @entity1 with @entity12299 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and histological spectrum of @entity1333 and the associated systemic involvement in @entity1 with @entity12299 . METHODS: Among 525 @entity1 with @entity309 , 20 tissue specimens with histologically proven @entity1333 from 11 @entity1 were investigated by studying the types and levels of affected vessels and related clinical features. RESULTS: Small-vessel @entity1333 identified as dermal necrotizing venulitis was found in 10 @entity1 , clinically characterized by palpable @entity4125 , @entity5105 , @entity3144 diutinum and @entity548 . @entity3468 histologically resembling @entity11657 , clinically characterized by subcutaneous nodules, @entity12288 , @entity194 and deep @entity1066 was identified in four @entity1 all with systemic complications. Coexistence of venulitis and @entity3468 was identified in three @entity1 . Different cutaneous vasculitic manifestations often coexisted and recurred in the same @entity1 . Three @entity1 with systemic complications of @entity4216 multiplex (two of three), @entity3794 (two of three) and @entity1661 (one of three) died within 1 year of onset of the @entity1333 . Immunofluorescence demonstrated vessel wall deposition of IgM and/or complement in six of the seven @entity1 examined. CONCLUSIONS: Features of cutaneous @entity12299 overlapping both the characteristics of @entity39 and @entity11657 together with coexistence of these different type of @entity1333 in the same or different lesional skin account for the associated diverse cutaneous vasculitic manifestations. Although @entity7674 ( @entity1333 ) was the most common presentation, the presence of @entity1333 in @entity309 @entity1 did not necessarily indicate a favourable prognosis. Associations with @entity4216 multiplex and bowel involvement had a fatal prognosis, while @entity1 with superficial @entity7674 without other extra-articular involvement may follow a favourable prognosis.

title: Clinical and histopathological spectrum of @entity1333 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['dermal venulitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic blisters']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis', 'cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis', 'cutaneous vasculitis', 'leucocytoclastic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous necrotizing venulitis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal microaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity12299 :: ('MESH:D056653', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['Arteritis', 'arteritis']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular erythema']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophie blanche']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['erythema elevatum']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous manifestations are the most frequent, and often the initial feature of extra-articular involvement in @entity1 with @entity12299 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and histological spectrum of @entity1333 and the associated systemic involvement in @entity1 with @entity12299 . METHODS: Among 525 @entity1 with @entity309 , 20 tissue specimens with histologically proven @entity1333 from 11 @entity1 were investigated by studying the types and levels of affected vessels and related clinical features. RESULTS: Small-vessel @entity1333 identified as dermal necrotizing venulitis was found in 10 @entity1 , clinically characterized by palpable @entity4125 , @entity5105 , @entity3144 diutinum and @entity548 . @entity3468 histologically resembling @entity11657 , clinically characterized by subcutaneous nodules, @entity12288 , @entity194 and deep @entity1066 was identified in four @entity1 all with systemic complications. Coexistence of venulitis and @entity3468 was identified in three @entity1 . Different cutaneous vasculitic manifestations often coexisted and recurred in the same @entity1 . Three @entity1 with systemic complications of @entity4216 multiplex (two of three), @entity3794 (two of three) and @entity1661 (one of three) died within 1 year of onset of the @entity1333 . Immunofluorescence demonstrated vessel wall deposition of IgM and/or complement in six of the seven @entity1 examined. CONCLUSIONS: Features of cutaneous @entity12299 overlapping both the characteristics of @entity39 and @entity11657 together with coexistence of these different type of @entity1333 in the same or different lesional skin account for the associated diverse cutaneous vasculitic manifestations. Although @entity7674 ( @entity1333 ) was the most common presentation, the presence of @entity1333 in @entity309 @entity1 did not necessarily indicate a favourable prognosis. Associations with @entity4216 multiplex and bowel involvement had a fatal prognosis, while @entity1 with superficial @entity7674 without other extra-articular involvement may follow a favourable prognosis.

title: Clinical and histopathological spectrum of XXXX in @entity309 .

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['cutaneous vasculitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between isolated trisomy 11 and the clinical, hematological, immunological, prognostic aspects in @entity1583 . METHODS: Bone marrow cell cytogenetic analysis was performed by direct method and/or 24 h culture method. RHG banding was used for karyotype analysis. Immunophenotype analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. Ten @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) were treated with HA regimen chemotherapy and followed up. RESULTS: The isolated trisomy 11 was found in 11 of 1 * ! 763 @entity1583 cases (0.6%). The diagnoses included 10 @entity3052 (6 M(2), 2 M(5), 1 M(1), 1 M(4)), and 1 @entity2590 syndromes. Ten of them have no @entity828 . The immunophenotypical analysis of @entity1778 cells showed positive for @entity1050 (13), @entity1050 (33) and @entity1050 (34) in 5 cases. Follow-up data were available in 10 cases. The complete remission rate was 40% with a median survival of 10 months. CONCLUSION: The isolated trisomy 11 was mainly seen in @entity3052 , especially in M(2) subtype. Their prognosis was poor.

title: [Clinical and cytogenetic studies of XXXX with isolated trisomy 11].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: In the course of an ample study of @entity1413 carried out in the "N. Gh. Lupu" Institute of Internal Medicine--Bucharest over a long period, a group of 608 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) hospitalized between 1974 and 1986 formed the object of the present study. Of these @entity1 18% presented @entity358 due to @entity1252 and 3.9% lung diseases of other etiology. The types of @entity358 due to @entity1252 were: pleurisy, @entity401 , diaphragmatic @entity121 . Latent @entity358 could also be diagnosed in 8 @entity1 . Most of the @entity1 (94.1%) were females and had been hospitalized several times. Concomitantly with @entity358 other organ involvements have also been observed. Complex investigation of respiratory function performed in a selected group of @entity1 revealed: restrictive syndrome, @entity5044 , increase of elastic recoil, @entity519 on exercise. In most of the cases (92%) the @entity358 had a chronic evolution. The treatment used was corticosteroids in 60% of the cases investigated.

title: XXXX in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity5044 :: ('OMIM:143470', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of the gas transfer factor']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alterations', 'pulmonary damage', 'pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen diseases']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary involvement']


abstract: In the course of an ample study of @entity1413 carried out in the "N. Gh. Lupu" Institute of Internal Medicine--Bucharest over a long period, a group of 608 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) hospitalized between 1974 and 1986 formed the object of the present study. Of these @entity1 18% presented @entity358 due to @entity1252 and 3.9% lung diseases of other etiology. The types of @entity358 due to @entity1252 were: pleurisy, @entity401 , diaphragmatic @entity121 . Latent @entity358 could also be diagnosed in 8 @entity1 . Most of the @entity1 (94.1%) were females and had been hospitalized several times. Concomitantly with @entity358 other organ involvements have also been observed. Complex investigation of respiratory function performed in a selected group of @entity1 revealed: restrictive syndrome, @entity5044 , increase of elastic recoil, @entity519 on exercise. In most of the cases (92%) the @entity358 had a chronic evolution. The treatment used was corticosteroids in 60% of the cases investigated.

title: @entity358 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: We report the case of a 38-year-old @entity1 with @entity548 diathesis. Since early childhood she has suffered from @entity1415 , @entity548 , ecchymoses and, since puberty, very frequent @entity931 . Prolongation of bleeding time and @entity882 (100,000 platelets/microliter) with giant platelets were observed. Since @entity14628 was suspected, splenectomy was performed. Neither this nor @entity134 treatment caused any improvement. The @entity1 was able to give birth to an unaffected @entity1 , but delivery was followed by a major @entity548 . In 1986, hysterectomy was considered because of frequent @entity931 and, therefore, the @entity1 's hemostasis was reinvestigated. The aforementioned abnormalities were confirmed and complementary examinations by electron microscope revealed giant platelets without @entity854 . While @entity2880 factor was normal, ristocetin agglutination was defective and analysis of platelet membrane glycoproteins showed absence of glycoprotein Ib. - These observations prompted the diagnosis of @entity3742 . The study of the family demonstrated that 6 family members were heterozygote. This is believed to be the first large Bernard-Soulier family reported in Switzerland.

title: [ XXXX in a Swiss family].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage', 'gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['granular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity14628 :: ('MESH:D011696', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity3742 :: (MESH:D001606,Disease) :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']


abstract: 150 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity583 received 750,000 units of intravenous streptokinase within four hours of @entity158 onset. Angiography was performed on day 6, from which ejection fraction (EF), @entity1188 -related ejection fraction (IREF), and non- @entity1188 related ejection fraction (NREF) were calculated. 50% @entity850 was considered to be significant. The streptokinase @entity1 with patent @entity1188 who had no evidence of previous @entity583 were compared with 82 conventionally treated (without streptokinase) @entity1 who had no evidence of previous @entity583 . Sub-group analysis based on vessel involvement, usage and timing of streptokinase was done. Streptokinase was associated with better left ventricular function in all sub-groups if given less than 2 hours after @entity158 onset. In @entity583 , streptokinase @entity1 with @entity66 had normal EF (67 +/- 8), compared to significantly depressed @entity74 (56 +/- 12, p less than 0.05). This difference is accounted for more by the NREF than the IREF. In anterior @entity1188 , @entity1 with @entity66 did only slightly better than multi-vessel disease. In multi- and single-vessel anterior @entity1188 , preservation of function by streptokinase appears to be due to the compensatory ability of the non-infarcted region as well as the residual function of the @entity1188 -related region. region.

title: Influence of vessel involvement and early streptokinase therapy on regional and global left ventricular function in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction', 'infarct-related arteries']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['EF in multi-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Removing @entity1372 from standard ionic contrast media markedly increases the incidence of @entity2224 in @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography. Newer nonionic contrast media, @entity3990 , @entity6111 , and @entity19611 contain only trace amounts of @entity1372 . To determine whether @entity1372 attenuates or potentiates @entity2224 from nonionic contrast media, we measured the prolongation in QT interval and performed programmed electrical stimulation with one, two and three extra ventricular stimuli in 40 @entity235 during 4-mL intracoronary injections of @entity3990 , @entity6111 , and @entity19611 . Solutions of each contrast medium with added @entity1219 at concentrations of 0.225%, 0.45%, and 0.9% were compared with standard contrast media. The addition of @entity1219 markedly increased the amount of @entity1162 produced by each contrast medium. With @entity3990 , the amount of @entity1162 was 40 +/- 11 msec with standard @entity3990 , but was 58 +/- 11 msec with 0.225% @entity1219 / @entity3990 , 84 +/- 17 msec with 0.45% @entity1219 / @entity3990 , and 132 +/- 42 msec with 0.9% @entity1219 / @entity3990 (P less than .001). Similar results were seen with @entity6111 and @entity19611 . @entity2224 was difficult to induce with standard solutions of these agents (even with three extra stimuli), but became progressively easier to induce when @entity1219 was added. Three extra stimuli produced @entity2224 in zero of 11 @entity235 with standard @entity3990 , zero of 11 with 0.225% @entity1219 / @entity3990 , three of 11 with 0.45% @entity1219 / @entity3990 , and eight of 11 with 0.9% @entity1219 / @entity3990 (P less than .001). Similar results were observed with @entity6111 and @entity19611 . The addition of @entity1877 or @entity413 did not increase @entity2224 and @entity1162 . It is concluded that standard preparations of nonionic contrast media have a very low fibrillatory propensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of XXXX on the fibrillatory propensity of nonionic contrast media.

entities_list: @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['choline chloride']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: The normal maturational course of the visual evoked potential (VEP) in @entity1 newborns and @entity1 is well documented. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data about VEP maturation in the 'normal' preterm @entity1 . Since this population is at risk to develop @entity854 affecting the VEP ( @entity548 , @entity1276 , and @entity989 ), one must question whether such VEP data collected from this group is representative of normal maturation. To provide normative parametric developmental data we have been studying VEP development in fetal @entity742 . Six fetal @entity742 between 105 and 120 days gestational age were externalized and surgically instrumented with subcutaneous recording electrodes placed over the occipital and parietal regions. High-intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) externalized fiberoptic cables were secured adjacent to the orbit. from 108 to 141 days gestation, fetal VEPs were recorded in response to bright flash stimulation and the maturational topography was investigated. Over the occipital regions, the emergence of major positivities at P400 and P650 were observed beginning around 120 days gestation. Over the parietal area, the emergence of P200 and P500 components was observed by 128 days gestation. The latency-maturation functions revealed that the slope of the parietal function was steeper than the occipital counterpart, suggesting that the maturation of parietal neurons occurs at a faster rate than neuronal development in the occipital regions.

title: Maturational topography of the visual evoked potential in fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['many abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: We have attempted to establish a prognostic nutritional index prospectively in 633 @entity1 with digestive @entity189 making it possible to predict @entity5 resectability and occurrence of @entity260 . The following factors were studied prior to surgery: age, sex, @entity353 index, triceps skinfold thickness, midarm circumference, lymphocyte count, plasma albumin, @entity69 and prealbumin levels, delayed @entity56 as investigated by 8 skin tests. The prognostic nutritional index was calculated using Mullen's formula. Unidimensional and multidimensional studies (linear discriminant and logistic discriminant analyses with partial correlations) were used for the statistical analysis. Mortality was 6,7 p. 100 while 16,2 p. 100 of @entity1 presented a @entity260 . The following variables showed a significant correlation with the resectability of the @entity5 : @entity353 (p less than 0.0001), triceps skinfold thickness (p less than 0.01), midarm circumference (p less than 0.01), total lymphocyte count (p less than 0.01), plasma @entity69 (p less than 0.01), delayed @entity56 (p less than 0.05). In the occurrence of @entity260 there was a statistically significant value only to @entity353 (p less than 0.001) and delayed @entity56 (p less than 0.05). Logistic discriminant analysis gave a linear model predicting @entity5 resectability in 78 p. 100 of @entity1 and @entity260 in 86 p. 100 of @entity1 in which @entity353 and delayed @entity56 were statistically significant. No prognostic value of Mullen's index was found. This study shows that assessment of the preoperative nutritional status of @entity1 with @entity1820 makes it possible to predict @entity5 resectability and @entity260 .

title: [Nutritional status of @entity1 with digestive system XXXX : preoperative prognostic significance].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We have attempted to establish a prognostic nutritional index prospectively in 633 @entity1 with digestive @entity189 making it possible to predict @entity5 resectability and occurrence of @entity260 . The following factors were studied prior to surgery: age, sex, @entity353 index, triceps skinfold thickness, midarm circumference, lymphocyte count, plasma albumin, @entity69 and prealbumin levels, delayed @entity56 as investigated by 8 skin tests. The prognostic nutritional index was calculated using Mullen's formula. Unidimensional and multidimensional studies (linear discriminant and logistic discriminant analyses with partial correlations) were used for the statistical analysis. Mortality was 6,7 p. 100 while 16,2 p. 100 of @entity1 presented a @entity260 . The following variables showed a significant correlation with the resectability of the @entity5 : @entity353 (p less than 0.0001), triceps skinfold thickness (p less than 0.01), midarm circumference (p less than 0.01), total lymphocyte count (p less than 0.01), plasma @entity69 (p less than 0.01), delayed @entity56 (p less than 0.05). In the occurrence of @entity260 there was a statistically significant value only to @entity353 (p less than 0.001) and delayed @entity56 (p less than 0.05). Logistic discriminant analysis gave a linear model predicting @entity5 resectability in 78 p. 100 of @entity1 and @entity260 in 86 p. 100 of @entity1 in which @entity353 and delayed @entity56 were statistically significant. No prognostic value of Mullen's index was found. This study shows that assessment of the preoperative nutritional status of @entity1 with @entity1820 makes it possible to predict @entity5 resectability and @entity260 .

title: [Nutritional status of XXXX with digestive system @entity5 : preoperative prognostic significance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The haemodynamic and metabolic responses of four laboratory @entity95 to horizontal treadmill exercise at 8, 12, 16 and 20 m/min were studied. The primary haemodynamic variables measured were heart rate, cardiac output and arterial pressure. The metabolic variables measured were arteriovenous @entity26 difference, whole-body @entity26 consumption and central venous plasma @entity880 concentration. 2. Only at 8 m/min did the haemodynamic and metabolic variables reach an approximate steady state. This was the greatest speed at which aerobic exercise could be sustained for 4 min in all @entity95 . 3. As the speed of the treadmill was increased the @entity95 showed signs of exhaustion after progressively shorter periods of exercise. Exhaustion was associated with steep rises in central venous plasma @entity880 concentration. Exhaustion was also usually associated with secondary rises in systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure, especially at 20 m/min. 4. The asymptotic (maximal) values for heart rate, cardiac index and O2 consumption were 386 beats/min, 263 ml/kg per min and 21.7 ml/kg per min, respectively. heart do not permit it to run continuously at other than a slow rate. Exhaustion is associated with increasing @entity26 debt and, especially at near-maximal rates of exercise, with intense vasoconstriction in as yet unidentified vascular beds.

title: Haemodynamic and metabolic responses of laboratory XXXX to near-maximal treadmill exercise.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term results of extended parietal cell vagotomy (EPCV) in the treatment of @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 and their complications. METHODS: Form 1979 to 2001, EPCV was performed in 321 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 and their complications. Of these @entity1 56 had chronic duodenal @entity1066 , 204 perforation, 16 @entity548 and 40 @entity850 . The following items were evaluated: complications of operation, gastric secretion, gastric emptying, endoscopical and radiographical findings, nutritional status, absorption function, and Visick scale. RESULTS: Postoperative follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 22.0 years (mean 11.3 years) in 289 of the 321 @entity1 with a follow-up rate of 90.0%. Neither operative mortality nor dumping syndrome was noted. Episodic postprandial fullness occurred in 19 @entity1 (6.5%), acid regurgitation in 17 (5.8%) and adhesive ileus in 4 (1.4%). Ulceration recurred in 16 @entity1 (5.5%). Duodenal @entity1066 was seen in 8 @entity1 (19.5%), @entity548 in 0 (0%), @entity850 in 2 (5.3%), and perforation in 6 (3.1%). @entity1066 healed rapidly after medical therapy in 10 @entity1 . Six @entity1 received antrectomy and gastrectomy. In 289 (91.7%) @entity1 of Grade I and II of Visick scale, 191 (95.3%) had perforation. CONCLUSIONS: EPCV is easy to perform with a low rate of post operative complication and @entity1066 recurrence. It should be a treatment of choice for acute perforation, @entity548 or @entity850 due to duodenal @entity1066 .

title: [Long-term results of extended parietal cell vagotomy in treatment of duodenal XXXX and their complications: report of 321 cases].

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: We investigated the clinical activity of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor @entity8202 in 22 @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in chronic, accelerated, or blastic phase and in 8 @entity1 with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) and 10 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity8202 was administered at 600 mg orally twice daily for 4 weeks every 6 weeks. Seven @entity1 with @entity1860 (6 in chronic phase, 1 in advanced phase) achieved complete or partial hematologic response. Four of them had a minor cytogenetic response. Responses were transient, with a median duration of 9 weeks (range, 3-23 weeks). Two @entity1 discontinued therapy because of @entity137 while in complete hematologic response. Two @entity4018 @entity1 had a significant decrease in @entity381 , one had normalization of white blood cell count and differential, and one became transfusion independent. One @entity1 with @entity1582 had a reduction in monoclonal protein of 34%. Adverse events included @entity390 in 22 @entity1 (55%; all grade 2 or lower) and fatigue in 19 (48%; grade 3 or higher in 1). Other grade 3 or 4 @entity137 included @entity1910 (4 @entity1 , 10%), @entity1897 (2 @entity1 , 5%), and liver @entity137 (2 @entity1 , 5%). @entity1 who responded to therapy had significantly higher plasma @entity7 ( @entity7 ) concentrations prior to treatment than nonresponders. Plasma concentrations decreased significantly during therapy among responders. @entity8202 showed clinical activity in @entity1 with @entity1860 and @entity4018 . The effect on @entity7 needs to be further investigated to determine whether this might be a possible mechanism of action of @entity8202 .

title: Efficacy of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor XXXX in chronic myeloid leukemia and other hematologic malignancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity8202 :: (MESH:C402769,Chemical) :: ['R115777']


abstract: 1. It is well-established that inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and hence of @entity3009 (PG) biosynthesis reverse inflammatory @entity1931 and @entity4 in both @entity1 and animal models of @entity158 . 2. Paw @entity4 and @entity1931 in @entity35 were induced by injecting carrageenan (250 micro g paw(-1)) into a hindpaw. Both inflammatory responses were followed for 24 h after the injection, measuring @entity1931 by decreased @entity158 threshold in the paws and @entity4 by plethysmography. 3. Three selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), @entity12698 , @entity13586 and @entity32912 , given systemically in a range of doses, before the inflammatory stimulus, abolished carrageenan-induced @entity1931 with @entity4 . These inhibitors also induced hypoalgesia, increasing nociceptive thresholds in the inflamed paw above normal, non-inflamed levels. This hypoalgesia was lost at the higher doses of the selective inhibitors, although @entity1931 was still prevented. 4. In paws injected with saline only, @entity12698 , given at the dose inducing the maximum hypoalgesia after carrageenan, did not alter the nociceptive thresholds. 5. Two non-selective inhibitors of COX-2, @entity3352 and @entity5230 , abolished @entity1931 and reduced @entity4 but did not induce hypoalgesia. 6. @entity12698 given locally into the paw also abolished inflammatory @entity1931 and induced hypoalgesia without reducing @entity4 . 7. We conclude that hypoalgesia is expressed only over a critical range of COX-2 inhibition and that concomitant inhibition of @entity9774 prevents expression of hypoalgesia, although @entity1931 is still prevented. 8 Our results suggest a novel anti-nociceptive pathway mediating hypoalgesia, involving COX-2 selectively and having a clear peripheral component. This peripheral component can be further explored for therapeutic purposes.

title: Selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) induce hypoalgesia in a XXXX paw model of inflammation.

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'little reduction of oedema']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1014 kinase (TK) is a growth factor-inducible enzyme that is highly expressed in proliferating @entity1 cells. Expression of @entity19 TK mRNA is controlled by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms including antisense transcription. Here we report the identification of a novel gene that is divergently transcribed from the bidirectional TK promoter. This gene encodes @entity10594 formamidase (KF), an enzyme of the @entity2340 metabolism. Whereas the TK gene is induced upon @entity2047 -mediated activation of resting T cells, the KF gene becomes simultaneously repressed. The TK promoter is regulated by E2F, @entity10591 , histone acetyltransferases, and deacetylases. The binding site for the growth-regulated transcription factor E2F is beneficial for TK promoter activity but not required for KF expression. In contrast, the @entity10591 binding site is crucial for transcription in both directions. Inhibition of histone deacetylases by @entity3996 leads to increased histone acetylation at the TK/KF promoter and thereby to selective activation of the TK promoter and simultaneous shut-off of KF expression. Similarly, TK gene activation by @entity2047 is linked to histone hyperacetylation, whereas KF expression correlates with reduced histone acetylation. The KF gene is the rare example of a @entity1 gene whose expression is linked to histone hypoacetylation at its promoter.

title: Alternate activation of two divergently transcribed XXXX genes from a bidirectional promoter is linked to changes in histone modification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Mutations in the gene encoding nonmuscle @entity15168 ( @entity15168 ), an actin cross-linking protein, lead to congenital @entity3450 . This suggests that @entity15168 is an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier. In the present study, we attempted to purify @entity15168 from the @entity1 kidney. We also examined an interaction of the protein with @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ), which can induce @entity3450 in animals. A 100-kD protein reactive with antibody against muscle @entity8859 was purified from the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton of porcine kidney, by @entity8723 treatment, @entity1329 fractionation, and subsequent DEAE-cellulose chromatography and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Its partial @entity535 sequence was then determined. A filamentous actin (F-actin)-binding activity of the purified protein was examined by a cosedimentation assay. Interactions of the purified protein and its fragments with @entity7540 were analyzed by an affinity assay using @entity7540 -Sepharose. Determined 134 @entity535 sequences of the purified porcine renal 100-kD protein were completely identical with those deduced from @entity377 sequence of the cDNA encoding @entity1 @entity15168 . The purified protein possessed the known function of @entity8859 , the F-actin-binding activity, and was tightly bound to @entity7540 . The @entity7540 -binding site was mapped within a central rod domain of the protein, which is a possible interaction site for various cytoskeletal and transmembrane proteins. We have established an efficient purification method for renal @entity15168 . Moreover, our findings indicate that the central rod domain of @entity15168 has a high affinity to @entity7540 . In the @entity7540 @entity3450 animal model, @entity15168 might be a target protein from @entity7540 nephrotoxicity.

title: Renal XXXX : purification and @entity8424 -binding property.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity15168 :: (81,Gene) :: ['alpha-actinin-4']


abstract: Mutations in the gene encoding nonmuscle @entity15168 ( @entity15168 ), an actin cross-linking protein, lead to congenital @entity3450 . This suggests that @entity15168 is an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier. In the present study, we attempted to purify @entity15168 from the @entity1 kidney. We also examined an interaction of the protein with @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ), which can induce @entity3450 in animals. A 100-kD protein reactive with antibody against muscle @entity8859 was purified from the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton of porcine kidney, by @entity8723 treatment, @entity1329 fractionation, and subsequent DEAE-cellulose chromatography and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Its partial @entity535 sequence was then determined. A filamentous actin (F-actin)-binding activity of the purified protein was examined by a cosedimentation assay. Interactions of the purified protein and its fragments with @entity7540 were analyzed by an affinity assay using @entity7540 -Sepharose. Determined 134 @entity535 sequences of the purified porcine renal 100-kD protein were completely identical with those deduced from @entity377 sequence of the cDNA encoding @entity1 @entity15168 . The purified protein possessed the known function of @entity8859 , the F-actin-binding activity, and was tightly bound to @entity7540 . The @entity7540 -binding site was mapped within a central rod domain of the protein, which is a possible interaction site for various cytoskeletal and transmembrane proteins. We have established an efficient purification method for renal @entity15168 . Moreover, our findings indicate that the central rod domain of @entity15168 has a high affinity to @entity7540 . In the @entity7540 @entity3450 animal model, @entity15168 might be a target protein from @entity7540 nephrotoxicity.

title: Renal @entity15168 : purification and XXXX -binding property.

answer: @entity8424 :: (MESH:D011692,Chemical) :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High concentrations of @entity442 and @entity5100 have been demonstrated in @entity1 @entity694 and exert mitogenic effects through paracrine/autocrine interactions with the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ). However, definitive studies of @entity2856 expression in these tissues have not been performed. METHODS: To study changes in the levels of the @entity2856 in @entity14 , we analyzed the expression of @entity2856 in 40 paired samples of normal and @entity3909 colonic tissue by quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and ligand binding. RESULTS: As measured by RT-PCR, the @entity2856 mRNA ratio in paired @entity5 and adjacent normal mucosa was higher than 2.0 in 32 of 40 (80%) samples. The overall mean @entity2856 mRNA level was five-fold higher in @entity5 versus adjacent normal mucosa (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of @entity2856 in @entity694 was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and receptor-binding studies. @entity694 cells exhibited a positive staining for @entity2856 in 91% of all @entity5 (30 of 33) whereas the adjacent normal colonic epithelial cells showed only a very faint or no significant @entity2856 immunoreactivity. Radioligand assays and Scatchard analysis in both tissue types revealed a single class of high-affinity @entity2856 -binding sites with a similar dissociation constant (K(d;) 0.14 +/- 0.02 nmol/L, n = 18). However, specific (125) @entity442 -binding and receptor concentrations were elevated in @entity5 membranes compared with normal mucosa (33.6 +/- 5.6 vs. 22.7 +/- 3.4 fmol/mg protein, P < 0.05). @entity442 affinity crosslinking and @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis displayed specific bands corresponding to the size of the normal alpha-subunit of the @entity2856 that were more intense in @entity3909 samples. @entity5100 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in @entity14 (P < 0.0001). The @entity5100 mRNA ratio in @entity5 versus normal tissue was elevated more than twofold in 28 of 40 paired samples and a positive correlation was observed between the overexpression of @entity5100 and @entity2856 in the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that, in addition to @entity5100 , a strong overexpression of @entity2856 is found in the majority of @entity14 , supporting the hypothesis of an important role of the IGF system in the pathogenesis of @entity14 .

title: Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colonic adenocarcinomas', 'Colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High concentrations of @entity442 and @entity5100 have been demonstrated in @entity1 @entity694 and exert mitogenic effects through paracrine/autocrine interactions with the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ). However, definitive studies of @entity2856 expression in these tissues have not been performed. METHODS: To study changes in the levels of the @entity2856 in @entity14 , we analyzed the expression of @entity2856 in 40 paired samples of normal and @entity3909 colonic tissue by quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and ligand binding. RESULTS: As measured by RT-PCR, the @entity2856 mRNA ratio in paired @entity5 and adjacent normal mucosa was higher than 2.0 in 32 of 40 (80%) samples. The overall mean @entity2856 mRNA level was five-fold higher in @entity5 versus adjacent normal mucosa (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of @entity2856 in @entity694 was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and receptor-binding studies. @entity694 cells exhibited a positive staining for @entity2856 in 91% of all @entity5 (30 of 33) whereas the adjacent normal colonic epithelial cells showed only a very faint or no significant @entity2856 immunoreactivity. Radioligand assays and Scatchard analysis in both tissue types revealed a single class of high-affinity @entity2856 -binding sites with a similar dissociation constant (K(d;) 0.14 +/- 0.02 nmol/L, n = 18). However, specific (125) @entity442 -binding and receptor concentrations were elevated in @entity5 membranes compared with normal mucosa (33.6 +/- 5.6 vs. 22.7 +/- 3.4 fmol/mg protein, P < 0.05). @entity442 affinity crosslinking and @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis displayed specific bands corresponding to the size of the normal alpha-subunit of the @entity2856 that were more intense in @entity3909 samples. @entity5100 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in @entity14 (P < 0.0001). The @entity5100 mRNA ratio in @entity5 versus normal tissue was elevated more than twofold in 28 of 40 paired samples and a positive correlation was observed between the overexpression of @entity5100 and @entity2856 in the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that, in addition to @entity5100 , a strong overexpression of @entity2856 is found in the majority of @entity14 , supporting the hypothesis of an important role of the IGF system in the pathogenesis of @entity14 .

title: Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in XXXX @entity694 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of blood pressure variability and circadian rhythm on left ventricular mass and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . 82 untreated @entity1 (35 @entity1 and 47 @entity1 ; mean age 41.1 +/- 13.7) were recruited to this study. Mean office blood pressure at entry was 152/97 mmHg. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed using an Medilog @entity15032 recorder (Oxford). Blood pressure variability was estimated as the standard deviation (SD) of systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was estimated by the radioimmunoassay during two separate days. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). The median urinary albumin excretion for the whole group was 8.2 mg/day; in 18 @entity1 (21.9%) microalbuminuria was present. Left ventricular mass index in a whole group was 109.1 g/m2; in 23 subjects (28.0%) @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) was found. @entity1 with microalbuminuria as well as with @entity4346 had higher office and 24 hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure and higher systolic blood pressure variability. During ABPM 18 @entity1 with @entity551 (non-dippers) were found; they did not display more frequent prevalence of target organ damage. Increased 24-hour blood pressure variability present in @entity101 subjects with both microalbuminuria and @entity4346 may suggest that this phenomenon plays role in development of target organ damage.

title: [Circadian rhythm and variability of blood pressure and target organ damage in essential XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['absent nocturnal fall in blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity400 ( @entity400 ) was used to evaluate cold thyroid nodules in 179 @entity1 treated between 1990 and 1998. The purpose of this study was to see whether @entity400 findings of follicular or Hurthle cells could help in planning the extent of thyroid surgery. Group I @entity1 (47) had findings suggestive of follicular or @entity1544 . Group II @entity1 (132) had inconclusive results. In group I @entity400 was 100 per cent correct in diagnosing follicular or @entity1544 with a high percentage of malignant findings ( @entity5 85 per cent and benign adenoma 15 per cent). In Group II @entity5 was found in 16 per cent and benign pathology in 84 per cent. @entity1 were more likely to have @entity5 than @entity1 . The average age was over 50 years in @entity1 with either malignant or benign nodules. In addition there was no significant difference in average size of benign or malignant nodules (2.9 vs 2.6 cm respectively). When an @entity400 finding was suggestive of @entity5 was found in 85 per cent. On the other hand when an @entity400 was inconclusive @entity5 was present in 16 per cent. Thus we conclude that using @entity400 finding can guide surgical resection and recommend performing total or subtotal thyroidectomy when @entity400 is suggestive of @entity5 and lobectomy when @entity400 is inconclusive.

title: Can fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule help in determining the extent of surgery in follicular and XXXX at a community teaching institution?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['FNAB', 'Fine-needle aspiration biopsy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm malignancy', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['Hurthle cell neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between expression of cell adhesion molecular @entity1759 , @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) and metastatic suppressor gene @entity18962 as well as the clinicopathologic features including cell differentiation, invasion and @entity3 of thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 . METHODS: Forty two (42) @entity259 ( @entity6888 ) and 54 @entity1377 ( @entity3557 ) were collected for studying the expression of @entity1759 , @entity5962 and @entity18962 using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Neoplastic epithelium and infiltrating lymphocyte expressed @entity1759 in an intense plasma membrane pattern. @entity1759 expression rates in poorly differentiated @entity6888 (80%) and @entity3557 cases with @entity3 (78%) were significantly higher than those of well-differentiated @entity6888 cases (64%) and @entity3557 without @entity3 cases (59%) respectively. @entity259 tissue was positive for @entity5962 and @entity18962 in a cytoplasm pattern. Well-differentiated @entity6888 presented a higher @entity5962 and @entity18962 expression rate than poorly-differentiated @entity6888 , but both had a lower expression rate than that of @entity3557 (70% and 76%, P < 0.01). The expression rate and intensity of @entity5962 and @entity18962 were lower and less in metastatic @entity3557 than those in primary @entity3557 . Expression rate of @entity1759 (72%) in thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 was higher than those of @entity5962 (54%, P < 0.01) and @entity18962 (61%, P < 0.05). @entity5962 expression was adversely correlated with that of @entity18962 (chi(2) = 15.75, P < 0.011, r = 0.522 2). There was a reverse relationship between expression of @entity1759 and @entity5962 or nm23 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cell differentiation degree in @entity6888 and @entity3 in @entity3557 have positive correlation with the expression of @entity5962 and nm23, but have a reverse correlation with the expression of @entity1759 . There was a relationship between expression of @entity1759 , @entity5962 , nm23 and the characteristics of the degree of differentiation, metastatic potential and the prognosis of thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 .

title: [Pathological study on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and @entity3 suppressor gene in XXXX and @entity1377 ].

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5962 :: ('999', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial cadherin', 'E-cad']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid follicular carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid follicular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between expression of cell adhesion molecular @entity1759 , @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) and metastatic suppressor gene @entity18962 as well as the clinicopathologic features including cell differentiation, invasion and @entity3 of thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 . METHODS: Forty two (42) @entity259 ( @entity6888 ) and 54 @entity1377 ( @entity3557 ) were collected for studying the expression of @entity1759 , @entity5962 and @entity18962 using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Neoplastic epithelium and infiltrating lymphocyte expressed @entity1759 in an intense plasma membrane pattern. @entity1759 expression rates in poorly differentiated @entity6888 (80%) and @entity3557 cases with @entity3 (78%) were significantly higher than those of well-differentiated @entity6888 cases (64%) and @entity3557 without @entity3 cases (59%) respectively. @entity259 tissue was positive for @entity5962 and @entity18962 in a cytoplasm pattern. Well-differentiated @entity6888 presented a higher @entity5962 and @entity18962 expression rate than poorly-differentiated @entity6888 , but both had a lower expression rate than that of @entity3557 (70% and 76%, P < 0.01). The expression rate and intensity of @entity5962 and @entity18962 were lower and less in metastatic @entity3557 than those in primary @entity3557 . Expression rate of @entity1759 (72%) in thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 was higher than those of @entity5962 (54%, P < 0.01) and @entity18962 (61%, P < 0.05). @entity5962 expression was adversely correlated with that of @entity18962 (chi(2) = 15.75, P < 0.011, r = 0.522 2). There was a reverse relationship between expression of @entity1759 and @entity5962 or nm23 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cell differentiation degree in @entity6888 and @entity3 in @entity3557 have positive correlation with the expression of @entity5962 and nm23, but have a reverse correlation with the expression of @entity1759 . There was a relationship between expression of @entity1759 , @entity5962 , nm23 and the characteristics of the degree of differentiation, metastatic potential and the prognosis of thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 .

title: [Pathological study on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and XXXX suppressor gene in @entity259 and @entity1377 ].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between expression of cell adhesion molecular @entity1759 , @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) and metastatic suppressor gene @entity18962 as well as the clinicopathologic features including cell differentiation, invasion and @entity3 of thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 . METHODS: Forty two (42) @entity259 ( @entity6888 ) and 54 @entity1377 ( @entity3557 ) were collected for studying the expression of @entity1759 , @entity5962 and @entity18962 using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Neoplastic epithelium and infiltrating lymphocyte expressed @entity1759 in an intense plasma membrane pattern. @entity1759 expression rates in poorly differentiated @entity6888 (80%) and @entity3557 cases with @entity3 (78%) were significantly higher than those of well-differentiated @entity6888 cases (64%) and @entity3557 without @entity3 cases (59%) respectively. @entity259 tissue was positive for @entity5962 and @entity18962 in a cytoplasm pattern. Well-differentiated @entity6888 presented a higher @entity5962 and @entity18962 expression rate than poorly-differentiated @entity6888 , but both had a lower expression rate than that of @entity3557 (70% and 76%, P < 0.01). The expression rate and intensity of @entity5962 and @entity18962 were lower and less in metastatic @entity3557 than those in primary @entity3557 . Expression rate of @entity1759 (72%) in thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 was higher than those of @entity5962 (54%, P < 0.01) and @entity18962 (61%, P < 0.05). @entity5962 expression was adversely correlated with that of @entity18962 (chi(2) = 15.75, P < 0.011, r = 0.522 2). There was a reverse relationship between expression of @entity1759 and @entity5962 or nm23 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cell differentiation degree in @entity6888 and @entity3 in @entity3557 have positive correlation with the expression of @entity5962 and nm23, but have a reverse correlation with the expression of @entity1759 . There was a relationship between expression of @entity1759 , @entity5962 , nm23 and the characteristics of the degree of differentiation, metastatic potential and the prognosis of thyroid follicular-derived @entity189 .

title: [Pathological study on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and @entity3 suppressor gene in @entity259 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinoma']


abstract: A case of asynchronous @entity1358 is reported. A 52-year-old @entity1 with the chief complaint of asymptomatic gross @entity811 visited our hospital on November 16, 1981. Intravesicular pyelography showed poor secretion of the left kidney, compression of its pelvis and calyces and normal visualization of the right kidney. On computer tomographic (CT) scanning, abdominal aortogram and left selective renal angiogram, a round @entity5 lesion on the left kidney was recognized. Under the diagnosis of left @entity703 , radical left nephrectomy was performed in December, 1981. Histological diagnosis was @entity1358 of the left kidney. He was administered @entity11796 . In December, 1985, CT showed a space-occupying lesion laterally on the right kidney and another suspected @entity5 . On the right selective renal angiogram, a @entity75 about 3 cm in diameter was found on the upper portion of the right kidney. On February 10, 1986 simple surgical enucleation of the 2 @entity703 was performed. Histological diagnosis was the same as that of the left kidney. Postoperative course was uneventful. He is well without recurrence or @entity3 8 months after operation.

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumorous lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['round hypervascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['bilateral renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Post-mortem analyses suggest that @entity731 more often contributes to late-onset @entity303 than hitherto expected. We set out to further unravel the relation between @entity731 and @entity73 . We therefore tested the hypothesis that the number of @entity65 is positively associated with @entity73 in elderly subjects, and that the smaller number of @entity65 in @entity1 explains the better cognitive function of elderly @entity1 . Within the Leiden 85-plus Study, we assessed the @entity731 burden by counting the number of @entity65 in the medical histories of a population-based sample of 599 subjects aged 85 years (response 87%). Significantly more @entity1 than @entity1 had a history of @entity65 (67% compared to 59%, P<0.001). In addition, cognitive function was assessed. All subjects completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive speed and memory were determined with specific neuro-psychological tests in those with a MMSE-score above 18 points. There was a highly significant dose-response relationship between the number of @entity65 and @entity73 for both @entity1 and @entity1 . The median MMSE-score was 26 points in subjects without @entity65 and decreased to 25 points for subjects who had two or more @entity65 (P for trend =0.003). Similar associations were found for cognitive speed but not for memory. Our data confirm that in old age @entity731 significantly contributes to @entity73 . Since treatments for @entity731 appear to be particularly effective in elderly @entity1 , we consider our finding of utmost clinical importance in possibly preventing @entity73 and late-onset @entity303 .

title: @entity731 and XXXX are linked in the elderly. The Leiden 85-plus Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular pathologies', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: Post-mortem analyses suggest that @entity731 more often contributes to late-onset @entity303 than hitherto expected. We set out to further unravel the relation between @entity731 and @entity73 . We therefore tested the hypothesis that the number of @entity65 is positively associated with @entity73 in elderly subjects, and that the smaller number of @entity65 in @entity1 explains the better cognitive function of elderly @entity1 . Within the Leiden 85-plus Study, we assessed the @entity731 burden by counting the number of @entity65 in the medical histories of a population-based sample of 599 subjects aged 85 years (response 87%). Significantly more @entity1 than @entity1 had a history of @entity65 (67% compared to 59%, P<0.001). In addition, cognitive function was assessed. All subjects completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive speed and memory were determined with specific neuro-psychological tests in those with a MMSE-score above 18 points. There was a highly significant dose-response relationship between the number of @entity65 and @entity73 for both @entity1 and @entity1 . The median MMSE-score was 26 points in subjects without @entity65 and decreased to 25 points for subjects who had two or more @entity65 (P for trend =0.003). Similar associations were found for cognitive speed but not for memory. Our data confirm that in old age @entity731 significantly contributes to @entity73 . Since treatments for @entity731 appear to be particularly effective in elderly @entity1 , we consider our finding of utmost clinical importance in possibly preventing @entity73 and late-onset @entity303 .

title: XXXX and @entity73 are linked in the elderly. The Leiden 85-plus Study.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity859 and @entity855 modulate cellular and tissue functions via specific @entity10298 , respectively. Although, in general, @entity859 inhibits excitability and @entity855 functions as an excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system, little is known about the direct interaction between @entity10298 . We recently demonstrated that the G(i/o)-coupled @entity859 A1 receptor (A1R) and G(q/11)-coupled @entity15094 ( @entity15094 ) form a heteromeric complex with a unique pharmacology in cotransfected HEK293T cells using the coimmunoprecipitation of differentially epitope-tagged forms of the receptor [Yoshioka et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 7617-7622], although it remained to be determined whether this hetero-oligomerization occurs in vivo. In the present study, we first demonstrated a high degree of colocalization of A1R and @entity15094 by double immunofluorescence experiments with confocal laser microscopy in @entity35 cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in addition to primary cultures of cortical neurons. Then, a direct association of A1R with @entity15094 was shown in coimmunoprecipitation studies using membrane extracts from these regions of @entity35 brain. Together, these results suggest the widespread colocalization of A1R and @entity15094 in @entity35 brain, and both receptors can exist in the same neuron, and therefore associate as hetero-oligomeric complexes in the @entity35 brain.

title: Hetero-oligomerization of XXXX A1 receptors with P2Y1 receptors in @entity35 brains.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: @entity859 and @entity855 modulate cellular and tissue functions via specific @entity10298 , respectively. Although, in general, @entity859 inhibits excitability and @entity855 functions as an excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system, little is known about the direct interaction between @entity10298 . We recently demonstrated that the G(i/o)-coupled @entity859 A1 receptor (A1R) and G(q/11)-coupled @entity15094 ( @entity15094 ) form a heteromeric complex with a unique pharmacology in cotransfected HEK293T cells using the coimmunoprecipitation of differentially epitope-tagged forms of the receptor [Yoshioka et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 7617-7622], although it remained to be determined whether this hetero-oligomerization occurs in vivo. In the present study, we first demonstrated a high degree of colocalization of A1R and @entity15094 by double immunofluorescence experiments with confocal laser microscopy in @entity35 cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in addition to primary cultures of cortical neurons. Then, a direct association of A1R with @entity15094 was shown in coimmunoprecipitation studies using membrane extracts from these regions of @entity35 brain. Together, these results suggest the widespread colocalization of A1R and @entity15094 in @entity35 brain, and both receptors can exist in the same neuron, and therefore associate as hetero-oligomeric complexes in the @entity35 brain.

title: Hetero-oligomerization of @entity859 A1 receptors with P2Y1 receptors in XXXX brains.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To devise and validate a CT-based visual rating scale sensitive to subcortical @entity66 (sCVD) in @entity1 with @entity73 . METHODS: Three types of @entity455 were rated separately in 16 brain regions. A unique vascular score was computed weighing the regression coefficients of the three scores in linear models. Thereafter, subcortical vascular classes ( @entity6480 ) of increasing severity (0-3) were created. Known-group and convergent validity of the @entity6480 was tested in 122 @entity73 @entity1 with MMSE of 18 and higher. These @entity1 were grouped according to clinical diagnosis in degenerative, mixed, and vascular. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients were between 0.86 and 0.94. The subcortical vascular score was 8.0+/-9.4 in the degenerative, 33.0+/-17.2 in the mixed, and 36.8+/-14.8 in the vascular @entity1 (p=0.0001). In particular, none of the degenerative @entity1 had @entity6480 =3, and only 14% had @entity6480 =2. On the contrary, none of the mixed and vascular @entity1 had @entity6480 =0, while about 50% had @entity6480 =3 in both groups. The prevalence of @entity101 was increasing with increasing @entity6480 (p for trend=0.02). The performance on tasks evaluating balance, gait, and @entity2845 decreased with increasing @entity6480 severity (p for trend=0.006, 0.01, 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The scale is a valid tool to estimate the vascular component in @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: Development of a CT-based weighted rating scale for subcortical XXXX sensitive to mild clinical symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitively impaired']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: A study of the seasonality and @entity277 rates of ticks was carried out in 11 @entity291 herds in different ecological habitats in Zambia between 1980 and 1982. Wherever possible supplementary data were obtained from opportunistic collections from @entity291 and other hosts. Analysis of over 1000 tick collections from @entity291 indicated that @entity277 rates of the most important species, Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus vary in different ecological habitats: (i) In Western Province, @entity277 are much lower than elsewhere; (ii) in Central and Southern Provinces, moderate to high @entity277 occur; and (iii) in Eastern Province, R. appendiculatus numbers are generally low and A. variegatum numbers are moderate. These two species, however, have similar life cycles throughout their range with one generation per year. Larvae occur mainly from March to May, nymphae from May to September, and adults of A. variegatum from October to December and of R. appendiculatus from December to April. Boophilus decoloratus appears to have two to four generations per year but is uncommon during the rainy season. In some areas in central Zambia Rhipicephalus compositus adults are seasonally common in September-October whereas Rhipicephalus evertsi is more or less ubiquitous. Low to moderate @entity277 of Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma rufipes occur in most areas. At least 14 other less common or rare species of Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis and Ixodes were taken infrequently from @entity291 . These and other host-specific species were also collected from @entity235 , @entity742 , various wildlife hosts and the environment. Infestation rates, seasonality and host-relationships of tick species are discussed in relation to their ecology. Relevant biosystematic and disease relationships are reviewed briefly. The baseline data derived from this study are adequate for integrated analysis with those from other ecological and economic investigations to formulate tick control strategies.

title: Ecology and phenology of ticks in Zambia: seasonal dynamics on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations', 'infestation']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The role of @entity1168 in reducing exercise-induced ischaemia and @entity409 was examined in @entity235 with single vessel chronic @entity3979 created using an ameroid constrictor. Treadmill exercise produced significant regional @entity296 (blood flow measured using microspheres) and @entity409 (systolic wall thickening measured with sonomicrometers). @entity235 were initially studied during a control run before and during a second identical run after administration of the cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker @entity2165 , which improved regional ischaemic function from 4.4 +/- 3.7% to 8.5 +/- 2.8% and subendocardial perfusion from 0.43 +/- 0.23 to 0.55 +/- 0.29 ml min-1 g-1. In another group of @entity235 during a run with @entity2165 , the heart rate was paced to match the rate observed in the control run. During the @entity2165 run with pacing, all beneficial effects of @entity2165 observed at the reduced exercise heart rate were lost. A third group of @entity235 received the bradycardic agent UL-FS 49 (1.0 mg kg-1, i.v.) prior to exercise. UL-FS 49 produced a heart rate reduction during exercise from 230 +/- 19 to 139 +/- 10 beats min-1; this was associated with an increase in systolic wall thickening from 9.3 +/- 5.0% (during the control run) to 21.5 +/- 8.4%, thereby eliminating the exercise-induced @entity409 . Transmural myocardial blood flow per beat to the poststenotic myocardium was improved significantly from 4.8 X 10(-3) +/- 1.9 X 10(-3) ml beat-1 to 9.8 X 10(-3) +/- 1.7 X 10(-3). Atrial pacing to match heart rate to the control exercise rate during the UL-FS 49 run did not eliminate all of the improvement in systolic wall thickening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Role of heart rate reduction in the treatment of exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction', 'wall dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: Betel quid (BQ) chewing has been a well-documented cause of @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ). Evolution from early @entity75 to the late or @entity3909 stage has been recognized. The pathobiological and molecular mechanism, however, remains to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 232 samples obtained from 153 cases of BQ-related @entity2543 were retrospectively evaluated for the expression of @entity876 and @entity588 in comparison with 26 cases of BQ-unrelated lesions (n = 29). The possible role of @entity1082 ) was also investigated. These BQ-related OELs included @entity1373 (VIH, n = 57, 24.6%), @entity5115 (n = 23, 9.9%), @entity189 ( @entity189 , n = 5, 2.1%) and @entity957 ( @entity957 , n = 106, 45.7%). Fifty-four cases (35.3%) had @entity75 . In comparison with the BQ-unrelated OELs, the characteristics of BQ-related OELs were a younger age, male predilection and multicentricity. In contrast to the tongue in BQ-unrelated OELs, the most common site for all types of BQ-related lesions was the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies of BQ-related lesions showed @entity876 staining in 30% of @entity1141 and 38% of @entity957 , but a consistent absence in VH and @entity189 . The cases with @entity876 -positive @entity957 had a higher recurrence rate than @entity876 -negative ones. @entity588 expression was negligible for all types of lesions. HPV-6/11 was detectable in 10% of @entity1141 and 13% of @entity957 , but in neither VH nor @entity189 . @entity1799 /18, however, was consistently negative for all types of lesions. Our data suggest that @entity876 , but not @entity588 , may play a role in @entity5 progression of BQ-related OELs, and that VH and @entity189 are distinct and closely related histological lesions. The consistent absence of the malignant-type HPV in all BQ-related lesions suggests that HPV plays an insignificant role in the tumorigenesis of BQ-related @entity5 , although a cooperative role may exist between the benign-type HPV and BQ chewing.

title: Pathological features of betel quid-related XXXX in taiwan with special emphasis on the @entity5 progression and @entity1082 association.

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions', 'hyperplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancers']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous carcinoma', 'VC']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['oral epithelial lesions', 'OEL']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2543 :: (MESH:D017573,Disease) :: ['oral epithelial lesions']


abstract: Betel quid (BQ) chewing has been a well-documented cause of @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ). Evolution from early @entity75 to the late or @entity3909 stage has been recognized. The pathobiological and molecular mechanism, however, remains to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 232 samples obtained from 153 cases of BQ-related @entity2543 were retrospectively evaluated for the expression of @entity876 and @entity588 in comparison with 26 cases of BQ-unrelated lesions (n = 29). The possible role of @entity1082 ) was also investigated. These BQ-related OELs included @entity1373 (VIH, n = 57, 24.6%), @entity5115 (n = 23, 9.9%), @entity189 ( @entity189 , n = 5, 2.1%) and @entity957 ( @entity957 , n = 106, 45.7%). Fifty-four cases (35.3%) had @entity75 . In comparison with the BQ-unrelated OELs, the characteristics of BQ-related OELs were a younger age, male predilection and multicentricity. In contrast to the tongue in BQ-unrelated OELs, the most common site for all types of BQ-related lesions was the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies of BQ-related lesions showed @entity876 staining in 30% of @entity1141 and 38% of @entity957 , but a consistent absence in VH and @entity189 . The cases with @entity876 -positive @entity957 had a higher recurrence rate than @entity876 -negative ones. @entity588 expression was negligible for all types of lesions. HPV-6/11 was detectable in 10% of @entity1141 and 13% of @entity957 , but in neither VH nor @entity189 . @entity1799 /18, however, was consistently negative for all types of lesions. Our data suggest that @entity876 , but not @entity588 , may play a role in @entity5 progression of BQ-related OELs, and that VH and @entity189 are distinct and closely related histological lesions. The consistent absence of the malignant-type HPV in all BQ-related lesions suggests that HPV plays an insignificant role in the tumorigenesis of BQ-related @entity5 , although a cooperative role may exist between the benign-type HPV and BQ chewing.

title: Pathological features of betel quid-related @entity2543 in taiwan with special emphasis on the @entity5 progression and XXXX association.

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Betel quid (BQ) chewing has been a well-documented cause of @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ). Evolution from early @entity75 to the late or @entity3909 stage has been recognized. The pathobiological and molecular mechanism, however, remains to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 232 samples obtained from 153 cases of BQ-related @entity2543 were retrospectively evaluated for the expression of @entity876 and @entity588 in comparison with 26 cases of BQ-unrelated lesions (n = 29). The possible role of @entity1082 ) was also investigated. These BQ-related OELs included @entity1373 (VIH, n = 57, 24.6%), @entity5115 (n = 23, 9.9%), @entity189 ( @entity189 , n = 5, 2.1%) and @entity957 ( @entity957 , n = 106, 45.7%). Fifty-four cases (35.3%) had @entity75 . In comparison with the BQ-unrelated OELs, the characteristics of BQ-related OELs were a younger age, male predilection and multicentricity. In contrast to the tongue in BQ-unrelated OELs, the most common site for all types of BQ-related lesions was the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies of BQ-related lesions showed @entity876 staining in 30% of @entity1141 and 38% of @entity957 , but a consistent absence in VH and @entity189 . The cases with @entity876 -positive @entity957 had a higher recurrence rate than @entity876 -negative ones. @entity588 expression was negligible for all types of lesions. HPV-6/11 was detectable in 10% of @entity1141 and 13% of @entity957 , but in neither VH nor @entity189 . @entity1799 /18, however, was consistently negative for all types of lesions. Our data suggest that @entity876 , but not @entity588 , may play a role in @entity5 progression of BQ-related OELs, and that VH and @entity189 are distinct and closely related histological lesions. The consistent absence of the malignant-type HPV in all BQ-related lesions suggests that HPV plays an insignificant role in the tumorigenesis of BQ-related @entity5 , although a cooperative role may exist between the benign-type HPV and BQ chewing.

title: Pathological features of betel quid-related @entity2543 in taiwan with special emphasis on the XXXX progression and @entity1082 association.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 macrophage metalloelastase is referred to as matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity10885 ), its function in @entity5 is contradictory. The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of @entity10885 in @entity1721 (SCC). @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed the levels of @entity10885 mRNA expression in 67 @entity1 with primary esophageal SCC by Northern blot analysis and the tissues were subjected to in situ hybridization analysis for @entity10885 . Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the macrophages infiltrated in esophageal SCCs. RESULTS: @entity10885 mRNA was detected in 27 of 67 esophageal SCC samples by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining revealed that @entity10885 mRNA signals are located mainly in @entity5 cells. The frequency of lymph node @entity3 was significantly higher in the @entity10885 -positive ( @entity10885 (+)) subgroup than @entity10885 -negative ( @entity10885 (-)) subgroup (p < 0.05); furthermore, invasion was significantly deeper in the MMP- 12(+) subgroup than in the @entity10885 (-) subgroup (p < 0.01). @entity10885 mRNA was inversely correlated with prognosis (p < 0.05). However, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that upregulation of @entity10885 was not related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10885 gene expression was associated with the progression of esophageal SCC; however, it was not an independent prognostic factor.

title: Clinicopathological significance of @entity1 macrophage metalloelastase expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 macrophage metalloelastase is referred to as matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity10885 ), its function in @entity5 is contradictory. The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of @entity10885 in @entity1721 (SCC). @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed the levels of @entity10885 mRNA expression in 67 @entity1 with primary esophageal SCC by Northern blot analysis and the tissues were subjected to in situ hybridization analysis for @entity10885 . Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the macrophages infiltrated in esophageal SCCs. RESULTS: @entity10885 mRNA was detected in 27 of 67 esophageal SCC samples by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining revealed that @entity10885 mRNA signals are located mainly in @entity5 cells. The frequency of lymph node @entity3 was significantly higher in the @entity10885 -positive ( @entity10885 (+)) subgroup than @entity10885 -negative ( @entity10885 (-)) subgroup (p < 0.05); furthermore, invasion was significantly deeper in the MMP- 12(+) subgroup than in the @entity10885 (-) subgroup (p < 0.01). @entity10885 mRNA was inversely correlated with prognosis (p < 0.05). However, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that upregulation of @entity10885 was not related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10885 gene expression was associated with the progression of esophageal SCC; however, it was not an independent prognostic factor.

title: Clinicopathological significance of XXXX macrophage metalloelastase expression in @entity1721 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To monitor patterns of @entity5746 fecal shedding in naturally infected dairy herds, determine the association between fecal shedding and individual animal production measures, and evaluate potential risk factors for shedding of @entity5746 organisms among @entity291 in dairy herds. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 5 Ohio dairy herds. PROCEDURE: For 3 herds, fecal samples were collected from all mature @entity291 and unweaned @entity291 7 times during an 18-month period. For the remaining 2 herds, fecal samples were collected from 50 lactating @entity291 6 times during a 12-month period. Individual animal production records for 3 herds were used to examine associations between individual @entity5746 shedding status and 305-day mature-equivalent milk production, somatic cell count, milk fat content, and milk protein content. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test for associations between fecal shedding status and breed, lactation status, lactation number, and duration of lactation. RESULTS: None of the adult animals had clinical signs of @entity5746 , but prevalence of @entity5746 shedding at individual collection times ranged from 0 to 99% for @entity291 and from 0 to 67% for unweaned @entity291 . Mature @entity291 were more likely to be shedding @entity5746 organisms than were unweaned @entity291 . Within herds, lactation status and duration of lactation for individual animals were associated with @entity5746 shedding status. @entity5746 fecal shedding status was not associated with individual @entity291 production measures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that @entity4092 shedding can persist in dairy herds for up to 18 months with no measurable effects on health or production of individual @entity291 .

title: Persistent XXXX shedding in five dairy herds.

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cow', 'cattle', 'calves']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis', 'Salmonella', 'fecal Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical fecal Salmonella']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['fecal Salmonella']


abstract: @entity0 forms the commonest @entity5 in females in Jaipur region. Two hundred cases of @entity0 were recorded in a single year (1990). This constituted 8.30% of total @entity5 and 19.40% of all female @entity5 . The commonest age group was 45-54 years (37.0%) followed by 35-44 years (24.50%). Only 13.50% were below the age of 35 years. Majority of the @entity1 (97.50%) were married and 76.0% got married below the age of 20 years, 26.50% got married below the age of 15 years. Most (75.0%) has menarche between the age of 13 and 16 years. @entity1866 were present in only 17.50% of the cases. More than 6 pregnancies had in 33.50% @entity1 and 50.50% had 3-5 pregnancies. Only 4.50% had no issue. Most of the @entity1 (68.50%) had their first live @entity1 between 18 and 25 years and 13.50% had below 18 years. Majority reported having breastfed their @entity1 for 1-2 years. Only 12.0% and 5.0% @entity1 reported having any problem with breast during lactation and otherwise respectively. A family history of @entity5 was present in 10.0% of the cases. A personal delay of more than two years in seeking medical help was observed in only 6.0% of the cases while 22.50% sought medical advice within a week time. Risk factors which are implicated in the aetiology of @entity0 in the western setting might not necessarily hold true in our country. More epidemiological studies are required to elicit correlation, if any, in the Indian context.

title: Review of XXXX cases in Jaipur region.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual irregularities']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The present prospective study of slide positive @entity3964 @entity1 revealed a higher (17%) incidence of @entity1087 . This is much higher than reported earlier. Serum transaminases were raised by two to three times the normal value. Histologically the most conspicuous finding was reticulo-endothelial cell proliferation in the liver along with mononuclear cell infiltration. Malarial parasites were not found in the biopsy specimens. Mortality was high especially amongst the late presenters. In areas endemic for @entity311 , awareness of this entity is important. In a @entity1 with @entity221 and @entity1087 with or without altered sensorium, disproportionate hyperbilirubinaemia but with only mild elevation of liver enzymes could help differentiate these cases from @entity99 . The diagnosis can be confirmed by peripheral blood examination, done if required. As the mortality in late presenters is high, early diagnosis in such cases with institution of specific therapy may be life saving.

title: XXXX in falciparum malaria--some prospective observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['Jaundice']