abstract: INTRODUCTION: We previously showed in animals that the ratio of inspired tidal volume (Vtinsp) to inspiratory peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdipk) can be used to quantify the respective @entity1 and ventilator breath contributions (PVBCs) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The PVBC index has not been tested clinically. METHODS: We studied 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity1576 and measured EAdipk, airway (Paw) and inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) and Vtinsp. We applied 11 different NAVA levels, increasing them every 3  minutes in steps of 0.3  cm H2O/ V from 0 to 3.0 cmH2O/ V. At each NAVA level, one breath was non-assisted (NAVA level 0). PVBC indices were calculated by relating Vtinsp/EAdipk of the non-assisted breath to Vtinsp/EAdipk of the assisted breath(s) using one ((N1)PVBC) or the mean value of five preceding assisted breaths ((X5)PVBC). During assisted breaths, inspiratory changes in Pes (   Pes) and transpulmonary (  @entity22922 ) pressures were used to calculate the relative contribution of @entity1 to total inspiratory lung-distending pressures (  Pes/  @entity22922 ). Matching of respiratory drive indices and squaring of the PVBC was evaluated for their effect on the correlation between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity22922 . Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied to compare indices. RESULTS: Using an average of five assisted breaths prior to the non-assisted breath and squaring the PVBC ((X5)PVBC(2)) improved determination coefficients (P <0.05), adjusted the regression slope and intercept between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity22922 toward identity (P <0.05) and reduced bias (P <0.05). Matching EAdipk between non-assisted and assisted breaths within the range of 0.77 to 1.30 improved the relationship between (X5)PVBC(2) and   Pes/  @entity22922 (P <0.05) and abolished the need for EAdi normalization in the PVBC calculation (R (2)   =   0.96; bias   =   0.16        0.06; precision   =   0.33        0.08 (mean and 95% confidence interval)). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study confirms previous experimental results showing that the PVBC(2) predicts the contribution of the inspiratory muscles versus that of the ventilator during NAVA, when differences in effort (EAdi) between non-assisted and assisted breaths are limited. PVBC could help to quantify and standardize the adjustment of the level of assist, and hence reduce the risks of excessive ventilatory assist in @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663480 . Registered 9 August 2012.

title: Assessment of @entity1 -ventilator breath contribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We previously showed in animals that the ratio of inspired tidal volume (Vtinsp) to inspiratory peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdipk) can be used to quantify the respective @entity1 and ventilator breath contributions (PVBCs) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The PVBC index has not been tested clinically. METHODS: We studied 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity1576 and measured EAdipk, airway (Paw) and inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) and Vtinsp. We applied 11 different NAVA levels, increasing them every 3  minutes in steps of 0.3  cm H2O/ V from 0 to 3.0 cmH2O/ V. At each NAVA level, one breath was non-assisted (NAVA level 0). PVBC indices were calculated by relating Vtinsp/EAdipk of the non-assisted breath to Vtinsp/EAdipk of the assisted breath(s) using one ((N1)PVBC) or the mean value of five preceding assisted breaths ((X5)PVBC). During assisted breaths, inspiratory changes in Pes (   Pes) and transpulmonary (  @entity22922 ) pressures were used to calculate the relative contribution of @entity1 to total inspiratory lung-distending pressures (  Pes/  @entity22922 ). Matching of respiratory drive indices and squaring of the PVBC was evaluated for their effect on the correlation between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity22922 . Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied to compare indices. RESULTS: Using an average of five assisted breaths prior to the non-assisted breath and squaring the PVBC ((X5)PVBC(2)) improved determination coefficients (P <0.05), adjusted the regression slope and intercept between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity22922 toward identity (P <0.05) and reduced bias (P <0.05). Matching EAdipk between non-assisted and assisted breaths within the range of 0.77 to 1.30 improved the relationship between (X5)PVBC(2) and   Pes/  @entity22922 (P <0.05) and abolished the need for EAdi normalization in the PVBC calculation (R (2)   =   0.96; bias   =   0.16        0.06; precision   =   0.33        0.08 (mean and 95% confidence interval)). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study confirms previous experimental results showing that the PVBC(2) predicts the contribution of the inspiratory muscles versus that of the ventilator during NAVA, when differences in effort (EAdi) between non-assisted and assisted breaths are limited. PVBC could help to quantify and standardize the adjustment of the level of assist, and hence reduce the risks of excessive ventilatory assist in @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663480 . Registered 9 August 2012.

title: Assessment of XXXX -ventilator breath contribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in @entity1 with @entity1576 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We previously showed in animals that the ratio of inspired tidal volume (Vtinsp) to inspiratory peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdipk) can be used to quantify the respective @entity1 and ventilator breath contributions (PVBCs) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The PVBC index has not been tested clinically. METHODS: We studied 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity1576 and measured EAdipk, airway (Paw) and inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) and Vtinsp. We applied 11 different NAVA levels, increasing them every 3  minutes in steps of 0.3  cm H2O/ V from 0 to 3.0 cmH2O/ V. At each NAVA level, one breath was non-assisted (NAVA level 0). PVBC indices were calculated by relating Vtinsp/EAdipk of the non-assisted breath to Vtinsp/EAdipk of the assisted breath(s) using one ((N1)PVBC) or the mean value of five preceding assisted breaths ((X5)PVBC). During assisted breaths, inspiratory changes in Pes (   Pes) and transpulmonary (  @entity22922 ) pressures were used to calculate the relative contribution of @entity1 to total inspiratory lung-distending pressures (  Pes/  @entity22922 ). Matching of respiratory drive indices and squaring of the PVBC was evaluated for their effect on the correlation between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity22922 . Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied to compare indices. RESULTS: Using an average of five assisted breaths prior to the non-assisted breath and squaring the PVBC ((X5)PVBC(2)) improved determination coefficients (P <0.05), adjusted the regression slope and intercept between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity22922 toward identity (P <0.05) and reduced bias (P <0.05). Matching EAdipk between non-assisted and assisted breaths within the range of 0.77 to 1.30 improved the relationship between (X5)PVBC(2) and   Pes/  @entity22922 (P <0.05) and abolished the need for EAdi normalization in the PVBC calculation (R (2)   =   0.96; bias   =   0.16        0.06; precision   =   0.33        0.08 (mean and 95% confidence interval)). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study confirms previous experimental results showing that the PVBC(2) predicts the contribution of the inspiratory muscles versus that of the ventilator during NAVA, when differences in effort (EAdi) between non-assisted and assisted breaths are limited. PVBC could help to quantify and standardize the adjustment of the level of assist, and hence reduce the risks of excessive ventilatory assist in @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663480 . Registered 9 August 2012.

title: Assessment of @entity1 -ventilator breath contribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in XXXX with @entity1576 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and non- @entity2489 following @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity86 following @entity299 with a special focus on non- @entity2489 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity299 @entity1 developed @entity86 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity2489 . @entity1 with @entity2489 had more frequent history of @entity712 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity1 with non- @entity2489 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity796 (20.2%) and @entity6728 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 in the non- @entity2489 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity1 with @entity2489 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity2489 group and 42% in the @entity2489 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity3400 / @entity7120 or @entity2892 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity2489 and non- @entity2489 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity1 with @entity2489 are more severely ill than non- @entity2489 @entity1 following @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity1 with @entity55 following @entity299 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity55 , and targeting @entity794 in @entity2489 @entity1 .

title: XXXX following @entity299 in non-ventilated @entity1 versus mechanically ventilated @entity1 : is there any difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac surgery', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pneumonia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and non- @entity2489 following @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity86 following @entity299 with a special focus on non- @entity2489 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity299 @entity1 developed @entity86 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity2489 . @entity1 with @entity2489 had more frequent history of @entity712 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity1 with non- @entity2489 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity796 (20.2%) and @entity6728 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 in the non- @entity2489 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity1 with @entity2489 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity2489 group and 42% in the @entity2489 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity3400 / @entity7120 or @entity2892 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity2489 and non- @entity2489 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity1 with @entity2489 are more severely ill than non- @entity2489 @entity1 following @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity1 with @entity55 following @entity299 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity55 , and targeting @entity794 in @entity2489 @entity1 .

title: @entity86 following XXXX in non-ventilated @entity1 versus mechanically ventilated @entity1 : is there any difference?

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac surgery']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and non- @entity2489 following @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity86 following @entity299 with a special focus on non- @entity2489 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity299 @entity1 developed @entity86 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity2489 . @entity1 with @entity2489 had more frequent history of @entity712 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity1 with non- @entity2489 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity796 (20.2%) and @entity6728 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 in the non- @entity2489 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity1 with @entity2489 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity2489 group and 42% in the @entity2489 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity3400 / @entity7120 or @entity2892 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity2489 and non- @entity2489 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity1 with @entity2489 are more severely ill than non- @entity2489 @entity1 following @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity1 with @entity55 following @entity299 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity55 , and targeting @entity794 in @entity2489 @entity1 .

title: @entity86 following @entity299 in non-ventilated XXXX versus mechanically ventilated @entity1 : is there any difference?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and non- @entity2489 following @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity86 following @entity299 with a special focus on non- @entity2489 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity299 @entity1 developed @entity86 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity2489 . @entity1 with @entity2489 had more frequent history of @entity712 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity1 with non- @entity2489 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity796 (20.2%) and @entity6728 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 in the non- @entity2489 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity1 with @entity2489 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity2489 group and 42% in the @entity2489 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity3400 / @entity7120 or @entity2892 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity2489 and non- @entity2489 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity1 with @entity2489 are more severely ill than non- @entity2489 @entity1 following @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity1 with @entity55 following @entity299 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity55 , and targeting @entity794 in @entity2489 @entity1 .

title: @entity86 following @entity299 in non-ventilated @entity1 versus mechanically ventilated XXXX : is there any difference?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To identify the prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical @entity5 @entity1 treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 125 @entity1 with stage IB2-III cervical @entity189 were treated with IMRT and concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy, plus @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy between January 2004 and November 2010, in our institution. All @entity1 received external irradiation of 45-54  Gy with the IMRT technique and concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy monthly or weekly. @entity1168 brachytherapy of 20-30.5  Gy was prescribed to point A, as a local boost. Prognostic factors including age, histology, stage, lymph nodes @entity3 , pretreatment hemoglobin level, serum squamous cell @entity189 antigen (serum SCC-Ag), chemotherapy regimens and the cumulative dose of weekly @entity900 , were analyzed. The endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), local failure-free survival (LFFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 42 months. The 4-year @entity1349 , LFFS and DFS were 73.8%, 77.9% and 67.2%, respectively. Four (3.2%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 acute @entity344 and 29 (23.2%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 acute hematological @entity137 . Five (4.0%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 late GI @entity137 and seven (5.6%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 late genitourinary system @entity137 . On univariate analysis, @entity420 was a poor prognostic factor for @entity1349 (p  =  0.05), LFFS (p  =  0.01) and DFS (p  =  0.006). @entity1 with lymph nodes  @entity3 at diagnosis had worse @entity1349 (p  =  0.02). The high cumulative dose of @entity900 (>180  mg/m(2)) had better @entity1349 (p  =  0.03) and tended to have better survival on LFFS (p  =  0.13) and DFS (p  =  0.10). On multivariate analysis, @entity420 was a significant independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 (p  =  0.001), LFFS (p  =  0.005) and DFS (p  <  0.001). Initial lymph nodes @entity3 was an independent predictor of @entity1349 (p  =  0.013). Cumulative dose of weekly @entity900 significantly affected @entity1349 (p  =  0.041), and high cumulative dose of @entity900 tended to have better LFFS (p  =  0.083). Higher pretreatment hemoglobin level had better LFFS (p  =  0.034). CONCLUSION: @entity420 and lymph nodes metastases were poor prognostic factors for @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 . Lower pretreatment hemoglobin level had poorer local control. Chemotherapy with a high cumulative dose of @entity900 tended to result in better survival.

title: The prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical XXXX @entity1 treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To identify the prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical @entity5 @entity1 treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 125 @entity1 with stage IB2-III cervical @entity189 were treated with IMRT and concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy, plus @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy between January 2004 and November 2010, in our institution. All @entity1 received external irradiation of 45-54  Gy with the IMRT technique and concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy monthly or weekly. @entity1168 brachytherapy of 20-30.5  Gy was prescribed to point A, as a local boost. Prognostic factors including age, histology, stage, lymph nodes @entity3 , pretreatment hemoglobin level, serum squamous cell @entity189 antigen (serum SCC-Ag), chemotherapy regimens and the cumulative dose of weekly @entity900 , were analyzed. The endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), local failure-free survival (LFFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 42 months. The 4-year @entity1349 , LFFS and DFS were 73.8%, 77.9% and 67.2%, respectively. Four (3.2%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 acute @entity344 and 29 (23.2%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 acute hematological @entity137 . Five (4.0%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 late GI @entity137 and seven (5.6%) @entity1 developed >= grade 3 late genitourinary system @entity137 . On univariate analysis, @entity420 was a poor prognostic factor for @entity1349 (p  =  0.05), LFFS (p  =  0.01) and DFS (p  =  0.006). @entity1 with lymph nodes  @entity3 at diagnosis had worse @entity1349 (p  =  0.02). The high cumulative dose of @entity900 (>180  mg/m(2)) had better @entity1349 (p  =  0.03) and tended to have better survival on LFFS (p  =  0.13) and DFS (p  =  0.10). On multivariate analysis, @entity420 was a significant independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 (p  =  0.001), LFFS (p  =  0.005) and DFS (p  <  0.001). Initial lymph nodes @entity3 was an independent predictor of @entity1349 (p  =  0.013). Cumulative dose of weekly @entity900 significantly affected @entity1349 (p  =  0.041), and high cumulative dose of @entity900 tended to have better LFFS (p  =  0.083). Higher pretreatment hemoglobin level had better LFFS (p  =  0.034). CONCLUSION: @entity420 and lymph nodes metastases were poor prognostic factors for @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 . Lower pretreatment hemoglobin level had poorer local control. Chemotherapy with a high cumulative dose of @entity900 tended to result in better survival.

title: The prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical @entity5 XXXX treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the question of whether weight change decreases or increases the risk of mortality. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic importance of weight change on short-term outcomes in acute @entity385 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 654 @entity1 with acute @entity385 were enrolled in this study from March 2010 to May 2013. We assessed the weight change of each @entity1 between admission and discharge from the Department of Neurology. Weight change was defined as change >= 0  05   kg/baseline body mass index unit. We evaluated the short-term outcomes using a modified Rankin Scale at three-months after the onset of a @entity64 . RESULTS: Among the 654 @entity1 , 35  2% were included in the weight-change group. Weight loss occurred in 24  6% of the @entity1 during the hospital stay following the @entity64 , which lasted an average of nine-days. Compared with the weight-stable group, the pronounced weight-loss group had a higher risk of unfavorable outcomes (odds ratio 2  43; 95% confidence interval 1  12-5  25). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity353 after @entity64 appears to be more common than we expected, and our results suggest that it is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes. Therefore, clinical nutrition should be considered as a component of medical treatment and @entity353 should be monitored as an indicator of @entity3147 .

title: Prognostic importance of weight change on short-term functional outcome in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age is an important risk factor for @entity0 , but previous data has been contradictory on whether @entity1 age at diagnosis is also related to @entity0 survival. The present study evaluates age at diagnosis as a prognostic factor for @entity0 on a large cohort of @entity1 at a single institution. METHODS: All 4,453 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in Malm   University Hospital, Sweden between 1961 and 1991 were followed up on for 10  years with regards to @entity0 -specific mortality (BCSM) in different age groups. Corresponding relative risks (RR), with 95% confidence intervals, were obtained using Cox's proportional hazards analysis. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders and stratified for axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) and diagnostic period. RESULTS: As compared to @entity1 aged 40 to 49  years, those who were aged under 40 (RR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.88) and 80 or more years (RR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.25) had a statistically significant higher 10-year mortality rate. When adjusted for potential confounders, including stage at diagnosis, the associations only remained statistically significant for @entity1 aged 80  years or more. In the analyses stratified on ALNI, ALNI-negative @entity1 under 40  years had a statistically significant higher five-year mortality rate (RR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.23 to 5.70). In the analyses stratified on diagnostic period, the positive association between @entity1 aged under 40 or aged 80 or more years and high BCSM rate remained, with statistically significant results for @entity1 aged 80  years or more in all periods. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 under 40  years of age had a poor prognosis, and this association was strongest among young @entity1 with axillary lymph node negative @entity0 . An age of 80  years or more was a prognostic factor for poor survival, independent of stage at diagnosis and diagnostic period.

title: Age at diagnosis in relation to XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['survival following breast cancer']


abstract: Four drugs that inhibit platelet function have been evaluated for their antithrombotic effects in @entity1 . These are @entity117 , @entity4341 , @entity6383 and @entity17732 . @entity117 has been shown to reduce the number of @entity63 ( @entity63 ), @entity64 and @entity204 in @entity1 with multiple @entity63 . The reduction in @entity63 was greatest in males who were normotensive and when there was an angiographically demonstrated lesion in the carotid artery that accounted for the symptoms. @entity117 reduced @entity49 and @entity1151 in @entity1 after surgery for fractured hip and after elective hip replacement. There is evidence that the prophylactic effect of @entity117 may be greater in male @entity1 . @entity117 reduced the frequency of arteriovenous shunt @entity715 . @entity117 abolished symptoms in @entity1 with @entity63 associated with @entity1148 and spontaneous @entity1423 . There is no conclusive evidence at the present time that @entity117 is effective in @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity4341 in combination with oral anticoagulants is effective in reducing the frequency of systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with prosthetic heart valve replacement but is ineffective in @entity1 with transient cerebral @entity63 attacks or for the prevention of @entity1211 . @entity6383 was effective in reducing postoperative @entity49 in @entity1 undergoing general abdominothoracic surgery but the evidence that it was effective in @entity1 undergoing orthopaedic surgery is inconclusive. @entity17732 may be effective in reducing the frequency of sudden @entity204 in @entity1 in the first year after @entity583 when it is started within 25 to 35 days after the @entity1188 . @entity17732 reduced the incidence of arteriovenous shunt @entity715 in @entity1 undergoing chronic hemodialysis and in combination with anticoagulants, it reduced the frequency of recurrent @entity49 . There have been no large scale trials of platelet suppressant drugs in clinical @entity5 and successful treatment of @entity1031 cannot be used to predict success in the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Antithrombotic effects of drugs which suppress platelet function: their potential in prevention growth of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17732 :: ('MESH:D013442', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulphinpyrazone', 'sulphinpyrazone']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attacks', 'TIA', 'peripheral ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine', 'Hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal and fatal pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4303 are an uncommon entity comprising only 1%-2% of all @entity5 . @entity4303 are frequently diagnosed during colonoscopy, but management after polypectomy is still controversial. The aims of this study were to review the surgical procedures for @entity4303 and to compare the outcomes of @entity1 after different treatment modalities in a university hospital in Hong Kong. METHODS: All @entity4303 diagnosed between January 2003 and September 2012 were reviewed retrospectively, including clinicopathological characteristics, their management, and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: There were 54 @entity1 with a median age of 60  years, and 32 were males (59.3%). All @entity1 underwent colonoscopy, and the most had @entity548 (53.7%). Two @entity1 were diagnosed incidentally in the surgical specimens of rectal tissues. Eighteen @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity4303 after snaring polypectomy, and no further intervention was required. Twenty-five @entity1 had local resection either by means of transanal resection or transanal endoscopic operation. Radical resection was performed in seven @entity1 in which one had T3N1 disease and the others did not have any lymph node @entity3 . In the median follow-up of 30  months (10-108 months), there was no recurrence in the "incidental" or post-polypectomy group. However, two @entity1 with transanal resection and two @entity1 with radical resection developed hepatic metastases after 13-24 months post-treatment. The 5-year overall survival was 100% in @entity1 having snaring polypectomy only, 83% for those with local resection, and 63% in @entity1 who underwent radical surgery (p   =   0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that that local resection was an effective treatment for @entity4303 and generally brought about good oncological and surgical outcomes. For larger @entity5 , radical resection seemed to provide acceptable oncological outcomes. Regular surveillance with colonoscopy and endorectal ultrasound is highly recommended for high-risk @entity1 for long-term management. By sharing our experience, we hope to provide more evidence on the management on @entity4303 which, together with evidence from further studies, may guide us in the long-term management of these @entity1 in the future.

title: Surgical management and outcome of XXXX in a university hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['small rectal carcinoids', 'rectal carcinoids', 'Rectal carcinoids']

answer: @entity4303 :: (MESH:D002276,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) in @entity1 presenting with biliary pathology. The potential savings plus income generation for the hospital were calculated. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing emergency cholecystectomy were identified from computerized and hand-written theater records to ensure complete capture. Length of stay, procedure time, @entity1 demographics, and @entity260 were recorded. Tariffs for conservative versus acute management were calculated. Total admissions and readmissions with biliary pathology ( @entity14784 , @entity253 , @entity788 , @entity3883 ) over a 12-month period were recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 undergoing @entity697 were identified. There was only 1 major complication (1 postoperative bleed managed laparoscopically). @entity697 for all admissions would result in savings of   695,918 over 12 months. The implementation of @entity697 for all @entity1 would result in a small loss in revenue when compared with elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (  15,495) provided that all operations could be accommodated on established operating lists. Implementing @entity697 on all appropriate biliary admissions could generate up to 3 cholecystectomies daily for a population base of 1 million. CONCLUSIONS: @entity697 is cost-effective and safe. It can be offered to all @entity1 with biliary pathology provided they are fit enough for surgery.

title: Economic Implications of Providing Emergency Cholecystectomy for All XXXX With Biliary Pathology: A Retrospective Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['and obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy', 'ALC']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary colic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have proposed vastus medialis (VM) muscle cross-sectional area change as a variable associated with cartilage @entity393 in knee @entity571 . However, VM also includes fat (%Fat), which may influence knee function. This study analyzed the VM area and %Fat data, separately and in combination, to predict symptoms, cartilage @entity393 , and BML change in knee @entity571 . METHODS: This study included the @entity855 (n=143) population of a 2-year knee @entity571 RCT having MRI at baseline and 2 years. Correlations used multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Greater baseline value for VM area and %Fat were significantly associated with gender (male, area; female, %Fat), higher BMI, and WOMAC stiffness, function, and total score (better, high area; worse, high %Fat). Moreover, a VM %Fat increase of 1% at 2 years was associated with worsening of cartilage @entity393 in the global knee (p=0.015) and some subregions (p <=0.030), and with an increment of BML global score change (p<0.001). A 1% decrease in VM area at 2 years was associated with worsening of knee @entity158 score (p=0.048). Importantly, the concurrent presence of low VM area, high VM %Fat, and high BMI identified a subgroup of @entity1 with greater cartilage @entity393 in the medial femur (p=0.028) than the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrated, for the first time, that VM fat content is a strong predictor of cartilage @entity393 and the occurrence and progression of BML. Importantly, the combined data of VM area, VM %Fat, and BMI identified @entity1 at higher risk for @entity571 progression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vastus medialis muscle fat content as assessed by mri is a risk factor for knee XXXX progression: Relevance from a clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that standing represents a simple solution to extended periods of sitting. However, it is currently unknown whether workplace standing time is prospectively associated with a lower incidence of @entity102 . The objective of this study was to examine the association between workplace standing time and the incidence of overweight/ @entity28 (OW/OB) and impaired @entity413 tolerance/type 2 @entity6 (IGT/ @entity2175 ) in adults. METHODS: A longitudinal analysis from the Quebec Family Study (Canada) was conducted on 293 @entity1 , aged 18 to 65  years, followed for a mean of 6  years. Information on self-reported occupational standing time as well as several covariates was collected at both baseline and follow-up. Outcome measures included the development of OW/OB (i.e. body mass index >= 25  kg/m(2)) and IGT/ @entity2175 (i.e. 2-h postload plasma @entity413 level >= 7.8  mmol/L). RESULTS: The incidence rates of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity2175 over the 6-year follow-up period were 17.4% and 12.6%, respectively. Significant negative associations were observed between the amount of occupational standing time and the development of outcome measures. However, the associations were no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, total annual family income, daily caloric intake, and submaximal working capacity. In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, significant negative linear trends were observed across levels of standing time and the outcome variables. However, the associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for the other covariates. Finally, we observed that the change in standing time from baseline to year 6 was significantly associated with the development of outcome measures, with higher incidence rates in adults reporting a reduction in standing time at follow-up. However, the associations became non-significant after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Greater occupational standing time is not sufficient in and of itself to prevent the development of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity2175 in adults. Future efforts are needed to better understand the potential benefits of higher amounts of standing time throughout the day on the prevention of @entity102 .

title: Workplace standing time and the incidence of XXXX and type 2 @entity6 : a longitudinal study in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that standing represents a simple solution to extended periods of sitting. However, it is currently unknown whether workplace standing time is prospectively associated with a lower incidence of @entity102 . The objective of this study was to examine the association between workplace standing time and the incidence of overweight/ @entity28 (OW/OB) and impaired @entity413 tolerance/type 2 @entity6 (IGT/ @entity2175 ) in adults. METHODS: A longitudinal analysis from the Quebec Family Study (Canada) was conducted on 293 @entity1 , aged 18 to 65  years, followed for a mean of 6  years. Information on self-reported occupational standing time as well as several covariates was collected at both baseline and follow-up. Outcome measures included the development of OW/OB (i.e. body mass index >= 25  kg/m(2)) and IGT/ @entity2175 (i.e. 2-h postload plasma @entity413 level >= 7.8  mmol/L). RESULTS: The incidence rates of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity2175 over the 6-year follow-up period were 17.4% and 12.6%, respectively. Significant negative associations were observed between the amount of occupational standing time and the development of outcome measures. However, the associations were no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, total annual family income, daily caloric intake, and submaximal working capacity. In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, significant negative linear trends were observed across levels of standing time and the outcome variables. However, the associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for the other covariates. Finally, we observed that the change in standing time from baseline to year 6 was significantly associated with the development of outcome measures, with higher incidence rates in adults reporting a reduction in standing time at follow-up. However, the associations became non-significant after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Greater occupational standing time is not sufficient in and of itself to prevent the development of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity2175 in adults. Future efforts are needed to better understand the potential benefits of higher amounts of standing time throughout the day on the prevention of @entity102 .

title: Workplace standing time and the incidence of @entity28 and type 2 XXXX : a longitudinal study in adults.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The vastly increasing number of neuro-muscular simulation studies (with increasing numbers of muscles used per simulation) is in sharp contrast to a narrow database of necessary muscle parameters. Simulation results depend heavily on rough parameter estimates often obtained by scaling of one muscle parameter set. However, in vivo muscles differ in their individual properties and architecture. Here we provide a comprehensive dataset of dynamic (n = 6 per muscle) and geometric (three-dimensional architecture, n = 3 per muscle) muscle properties of the @entity95 @entity291 muscles gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus. For completeness we provide the dynamic muscle properties for further important shank muscles (flexor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum longus, and tibialis anterior; n = 1 per muscle). Maximum shortening velocity (normalized to optimal fiber length) of the gastrocnemius is about twice that of soleus, while plantaris showed an intermediate value. The force-velocity relation is similar for gastrocnemius and plantaris but is much more bent for the soleus. Although the muscles vary greatly in their three-dimensional architecture their mean pennation angle and normalized force-length relationships are almost similar. Forces of the muscles were enhanced in the isometric phase following stretching and were @entity308 following shortening compared to the corresponding isometric forces. While the enhancement was independent of the ramp velocity, the @entity308 was inversely related to the ramp velocity. The lowest effect strength for soleus supports the idea that these effects adapt to muscle function. The careful acquisition of typical dynamical parameters (e.g. force-length and force-velocity relations, force elongation relations of passive components), enhancement and @entity308 effects, and 3D muscle architecture of @entity291 muscles provides valuable comprehensive datasets for e.g. simulations with neuro-muscular models, development of more realistic muscle models, or simulation of muscle packages.

title: Three-Dimensional Muscle Architecture and Comprehensive Dynamic Properties of XXXX Gastrocnemius, Plantaris and Soleus: Input for Simulation Studies.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-associated disability reduces quality of life in older populations and leads to wide-range implications for social and health policy. The identification of diseases that contribute to the disability burden is crucial to the development of prevention and intervention strategies to reduce disability. In this study, we assessed the contribution of @entity102 to the prevalence of disability in Belgium. METHODS: Data from 35,837 individuals aged 15  years or older who participated in the 1997, 2001, 2004, or 2008 Belgian Health Interview Surveys were used. Disability was defined as difficulties in doing at least one of six activities of daily living (transfer in and out of bed, transfer in and out of chair, dressing, washing hands and face, feeding, and going to the toilet) and/or mobility limitations (ability to walk without stopping less than 200  m). Multiple additive regression models were fitted separately for @entity1 and @entity1 to estimate the age-specific background disability rate (experienced by everyone, independent of the presence of specific diseases) and disease-specific disability rates (disability rate in subjects who reported selected @entity102 ). RESULTS: Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and @entity1576 were the main contributors to the disability burden in Belgium. @entity85 were the most @entity66 in @entity1 and @entity1 in all age groups. @entity16 and @entity64 were the most disabling diseases, i.e. caused the highest level of disability among the diseased individuals, in all age groups for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Back @entity158 was the main cause of disability in @entity1 aged 15 to 64  years, while @entity299 was the major contributor to the disability prevalence in @entity1 aged 65 or older. Likewise, @entity625 was the main cause of disability among @entity1 across all age groups. @entity308 was also an important contributor in young subjects (15-54 years). @entity5 was not an important contributor to the disability prevalence in Belgium. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the burden of disability in Belgium, interventions should target musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and @entity1576 especially among elderly. Furthermore, attention should also be given to @entity308 in young individuals.

title: Contribution of XXXX to the disability burden in a population 15  years and older, Belgium, 1997-2008.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study examined associations between use of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) by college students and their friends and drinking-related outcomes during Spring Break (SB). Moreover, this study examined the influence of friends' own @entity146 use on @entity1 ' @entity146 use during SB. @entity1 included college students (N=694) and their nominated friends (N=131) who were part of a larger study of SB drinking. Data were collected via web-based surveys that @entity1 and friends took after SB, which assessed SB @entity146 , drinking, and related negative consequences. Results indicated that higher levels of Serious Harm Reduction (SHR) strategies and @entity9053 ( @entity9053 ) strategies were associated with increased consumption, higher likelihood of experiencing any consequences, and an increased number of consequences. A different pattern emerged for @entity457 ( @entity457 ) strategy use; @entity1 utilizing higher levels of @entity457 strategies drank less and had fewer consequences. @entity9053 and @entity457 strategies used by the @entity1 's friends appeared to have less of an impact on the @entity1 's drinking outcomes. However, greater friends' use of SHR strategies was associated with increased @entity285 use by the @entity1 , but not with consequences. Greater friends' use of SHR strategies was associated with greater SHR strategy use by the @entity1 . Friends' @entity9053 and @entity457 strategies were not associated with @entity1 drinking, consequences, or @entity146 . These findings highlight the potential utility of interventions that focus on drinking behaviors on specific high-risk occasions for those at risk as well as for their friends.

title: Friend or foe: Personal use and friends' use of XXXX and spring break drinking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['Limiting/Stopping', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['protective behavioral strategies', 'PBS']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['Manner of Drinking', 'MD']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['protective behavioral strategies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Iatrogenic injuries to the @entity45541 ( @entity45541 ) are not uncommon during lymph node biopsy of the @entity4048 ( @entity4048 ). In this study, the authors review the operative techniques and surgical outcomes of 156 surgical repairs of the @entity45541 following @entity130 during lymph node biopsy procedures. METHODS This retrospective study examines the authors' clinical and surgical experience with 156 @entity1 with @entity45541 injury between 1980 and 2012. All @entity1 suffered iatrogenic @entity45541 injuries during lymph node biopsy, with the vast majority (154/156, 98.7%) occurring in Zone I of the @entity4048 . Surgery was performed on the basis of anatomical and electro-physiological findings at the time of the operation. The mean follow-up period was 24 months (range 8-44 months). RESULTS Of the 123 @entity1 who underwent graft or suture repair, 107 @entity1 (87%) improved to Grade 3 functionality or higher using the Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC) grading system. Neurolysis was performed in 29 @entity1 (19%) when the nerve was found in continuity with recordable nerve action potential (NAP) across the lesion. More than 95% of @entity1 treated by neurolysis with positive NAP recordings recovered to LSUHSC Grade 3 or higher. Forty-one @entity1 (26%) underwent end-to-end repair, while 82 @entity1 (53%) underwent graft repair, and Grade 3 or higher recovery was assessed for 90% and 85% of these @entity1 , respectively. The average graft length used was 3.81 cm. Neurotization was performed in 4 @entity1 , 2 of whom recovered to Grade 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS @entity45541 injuries present challenges for surgical exploration and repair because of the nerve's size and location in the @entity4048 . However, through proper and timely intervention, @entity1 with diminished or absent function achieved favorable functional outcomes. Surgeons performing lymph node biopsy procedures in Zone I of the @entity4048 should be aware of the potential risk of @entity9286 .

title: Surgical outcomes of 156 spinal XXXX caused by lymph node biopsy procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity45541 :: ('MESH:D020436', 'Disease') :: ['SAN', 'spinal accessory nerve']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cervical triangle', 'PCT']

entities_list: @entity9286 :: ('MESH:D061227', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the SAN']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

answer: @entity9286 :: (MESH:D061227,Disease) :: ['accessory nerve injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of two anaesthetic techniques (general vs combined) on plasma levels of @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ) after robotic urogenital oncosurgery. The secondary objective was to correlate @entity15901 levels with the incidence of @entity810 ( @entity810 ). METHODS: This was a longitudinal prospective study. Forty @entity1 were included and randomized in 2 groups: group C (N=16 cases; combined general-epidural anesthesia) and group G (N=24 cases; control group with general anesthesia). Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Apache II, SOFA and ASA scores were similar in both groups. Serum @entity1011 was determined preoperatively and every 24 hrs for 4 postoperative days to identify @entity810 according to RIFLE and AKIN criteria. Serum @entity15901 was determined at 6 and 12 hrs after induction of anesthesia. RESULTS: Serum creatinine increased at 24 hrs postoperatively in both groups as compared to baseline, but significant changes were registered only in the G group (pcontrol = 0.004). Serum @entity15901 increased significantly in both groups as compared with baseline levels (pcase=0.0034 vs pcontrol=0.0001). The incidence of @entity810 was 12.50% (95% CI 0.4-34) in the C group and 37.50% (95% CI 17-58) in the G group (p=0.0909), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity8 and @entity810 occurred in robot-assisted laparoscopic urogenital oncosurgery under both general and combined anaesthesia. The incidence of @entity810 was lower in @entity1 undergoing combined anesthesia compared to general anaesthesia after robotic urogenital oncosurgery but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, plasma levels of @entity15901 were significantly increased at 6 and 12 hrs in the general anaesthesia group as compared with combined anaesthesia. @entity15901 may be a better marker in detecting postoperative @entity810 . Further studies are needed.

title: The effect of anaesthetic management on XXXX ( @entity15901 ) levels after robotic surgical oncology.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['NGAL', 'Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin']

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of two anaesthetic techniques (general vs combined) on plasma levels of @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ) after robotic urogenital oncosurgery. The secondary objective was to correlate @entity15901 levels with the incidence of @entity810 ( @entity810 ). METHODS: This was a longitudinal prospective study. Forty @entity1 were included and randomized in 2 groups: group C (N=16 cases; combined general-epidural anesthesia) and group G (N=24 cases; control group with general anesthesia). Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Apache II, SOFA and ASA scores were similar in both groups. Serum @entity1011 was determined preoperatively and every 24 hrs for 4 postoperative days to identify @entity810 according to RIFLE and AKIN criteria. Serum @entity15901 was determined at 6 and 12 hrs after induction of anesthesia. RESULTS: Serum creatinine increased at 24 hrs postoperatively in both groups as compared to baseline, but significant changes were registered only in the G group (pcontrol = 0.004). Serum @entity15901 increased significantly in both groups as compared with baseline levels (pcase=0.0034 vs pcontrol=0.0001). The incidence of @entity810 was 12.50% (95% CI 0.4-34) in the C group and 37.50% (95% CI 17-58) in the G group (p=0.0909), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity8 and @entity810 occurred in robot-assisted laparoscopic urogenital oncosurgery under both general and combined anaesthesia. The incidence of @entity810 was lower in @entity1 undergoing combined anesthesia compared to general anaesthesia after robotic urogenital oncosurgery but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, plasma levels of @entity15901 were significantly increased at 6 and 12 hrs in the general anaesthesia group as compared with combined anaesthesia. @entity15901 may be a better marker in detecting postoperative @entity810 . Further studies are needed.

title: The effect of anaesthetic management on @entity15901 ( XXXX ) levels after robotic surgical oncology.

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['NGAL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Solitary spinal amyloidoma is a rare entity. Amyloidomas consist of extracellular @entity527 with an insoluble beta-pleated proteinaceous material. Although amyloidomas are slow growing lesions, they may lead to a progressive @entity1745 . Moreover amyloidoma results in destruction of bone with consequence of progressive @entity3061 . METHOD: This study is a case presentation and review of the literature and should point out the need to explore any underlying diseases to guarantee the best therapy for the affected @entity1 . In this case report we present a female @entity1 with high-level paraparesis and lumbar stenosis in L2-L3 with combined spondylolisthesis (ASIA Impairemet Scale C). Paraparesis increased shortly after lumbar osteosynthesis. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the thoracic spine revealed medullary compression at the D5 level due to an epidural and paraspinal mass with concomitant bone infiltration. Operative decompression followed. Histopathological examination initially revealed amyloidoma. Finally the lesion was classified as a @entity1582 . RESULTS: Plasma cell @entity1582 may rarely present as a solitary amyloidoma in the initial pathological examination with the potential to cause @entity1745 associated to @entity690 of the spine. CONCLUSION: A thorough pathological work-up is mandatory in order to rule out differential diagnosis and exclude possible underlying diseases.

title: Differentiated XXXX presenting as a solitary spinal amyloidoma: A case report, possible pitfall and review to the literature.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'plasma cell myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord or nerve root compression', 'spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['plasma cell myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disease severity, complexity, and @entity1 burden highlight @entity5 care as a target for quality improvement (QI) interventions. The @entity283 ( @entity283 ) implemented a series of @entity5 care QI toolkits. OBJECTIVES: To describe characteristics of the toolkits, target users, and @entity5 care facilities that influenced toolkit access and use and assess whether such resources were beneficial for users. METHODS: Deductive content analysis of detailed notes from 94 telephone interviews with individuals from 48 @entity283 facilities. We evaluated toolkit access and use across @entity5 types, @entity4207 , and affiliation with @entity5 care facilities. RESULTS: The presence of champions was identified as a strong facilitator of toolkit use, and learning collaboratives were important for spreading information about toolkit availability. Identified barriers included lack of personnel and financial resources and complicated approval processes to support tool use. CONCLUSIONS: Online @entity5 care toolkits are well received across @entity5 specialties and provider types. Clinicians, administrators, and QI staff may benefit from the availability of toolkits as they become more reliant on rapid access to strategies that support comprehensive delivery of evidence-based care. Toolkits should be considered as a complement to other QI approaches.

title: A Qualitative Evaluation of Web-Based Cancer Care Quality Improvement Toolkit Use in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['participation in learning collaboratives']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['disease-specific online cancer', 'cancer', 'VHA cancer']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Veterans Health Administration', 'VHA']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['Veterans Health Administration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of primary @entity1 b-cells for studying @entity9495 signaling is limited by the scarcity of @entity1 pancreatic islets. @entity9608 cell lines are widely used, but it is difficult to extrapolate results obtained from rodent cells to @entity1 . Recently, a genetically engineered @entity1 b-cell line EndoC-BH1 has been developed. We have examined whether the EndoC-BH1 cells could be used as a model for studying @entity9495 signaling in the b-cells. METHODS: We used microscope-based fluorometry to measure cytoplasmic-free @entity9495 concentration from @entity593 -loaded single EndoC-BH1 cells cultured on glass cover slips. @entity9495 responses to different agonists of @entity2690 secretion were studied. @entity2690 secretion was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: EndoC-BH1 cells secreted @entity2690 in response to @entity413 in a dose-dependent manner, and the secretion was enhanced by @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ). @entity413 , @entity4337 , @entity5402 , @entity8561 , and @entity11243 increased cytoplasmic-free @entity9495 concentration in the EndoC-BH1 cells. We found that @entity5445 was essential for @entity9495 response to @entity413 and @entity11243 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the EndoC-BH1 cells can be used as model cells to study @entity9495 signaling and stimulus-secretion coupling in the @entity1 b-cells.

title: Calcium Signaling in a Genetically Engineered XXXX Pancreatic b-Cell Line.

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Rodent insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective was to study the effect of a commercially available xylanase (CAX), an experimental xylanase (EX), and EX in combination with protease (EXP) on the degradation of nondigestible @entity3363 (NDC) and @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) of nutrients in @entity3505 distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS). The control and 3 enzyme diets contained 96% wDDGS supplemented with vitamins, minerals, @entity376 , and @entity6213 as a digestibility marker in addition to enzyme premix. Eight ileal cannulated @entity1707 were fed 4 experimental diets containing 96% wDDGS-a control diet or 1 of 3 diets with CAX, EX, or EXP-in a double 4 * 4 Latin square design. The experimental period lasted 7 d; adaptation lasted 4 d, and the ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 5 and 7, when spot samples of feces were also collected. Digesta samples were analyzed for NDC, total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), low molecular weight (LMW) NDC, OM, CP, fat, starch, and marker. Compared with the control diet, addition of CAX, EX, and EXP increased the @entity4628 of arabinoxylan by 32 ( < 0.001), 28 ( = 0.001), and 24% ( = 0.004), respectively. In addition, EXP increased the @entity4628 of noncellulosic polysaccharide @entity413 by 21% compared with the control ( = 0.005). Compared with the control, addition of EX, EXP, and CAX decreased the concentration of soluble arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( < 0.0001), 40 ( < 0.0001), and 21% ( = 0.022), respectively. Furthermore, addition of CAX, EXP, and EX increased the concentration of LMW arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( = 0.0001), 36 ( = 0.0006), and 24% ( = 0.023), respectively, compared with the control. Addition of EX and EXP decreased the concentration of soluble NSP of ileal digesta by 25 ( = 0.001) and 26% ( < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control diet. Addition of CAX ( < 0.0001) and EXP ( = 0.013) increased the @entity4583 -to- @entity6122 ratio in the insoluble arabinoxylan fraction in ileal digesta compared with the control diet, and CAX increased the @entity13275 -to-xylose ratio of the ileal insoluble NSP fraction ( < 0.0001) compared with the control diet. Enzyme addition did not affect @entity4628 of OM, CP, starch, and fat ( > 0.3). In conclusion, addition of xylanases to wDDGS diets increased the ileal digestibility of NSP and generated LMW NDC components in the small intestine of @entity1707 but did not affect ileal digestibility of nutrients in the current study.

title: Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible XXXX in @entity1707 fed high levels of @entity3505 distillers dried grains with solubles.

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

entities_list: @entity13275 :: ('CHEBI:27252', 'Chemical') :: ['uronic acid']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'apparent ileal digestibility']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrates']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective was to study the effect of a commercially available xylanase (CAX), an experimental xylanase (EX), and EX in combination with protease (EXP) on the degradation of nondigestible @entity3363 (NDC) and @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) of nutrients in @entity3505 distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS). The control and 3 enzyme diets contained 96% wDDGS supplemented with vitamins, minerals, @entity376 , and @entity6213 as a digestibility marker in addition to enzyme premix. Eight ileal cannulated @entity1707 were fed 4 experimental diets containing 96% wDDGS-a control diet or 1 of 3 diets with CAX, EX, or EXP-in a double 4 * 4 Latin square design. The experimental period lasted 7 d; adaptation lasted 4 d, and the ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 5 and 7, when spot samples of feces were also collected. Digesta samples were analyzed for NDC, total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), low molecular weight (LMW) NDC, OM, CP, fat, starch, and marker. Compared with the control diet, addition of CAX, EX, and EXP increased the @entity4628 of arabinoxylan by 32 ( < 0.001), 28 ( = 0.001), and 24% ( = 0.004), respectively. In addition, EXP increased the @entity4628 of noncellulosic polysaccharide @entity413 by 21% compared with the control ( = 0.005). Compared with the control, addition of EX, EXP, and CAX decreased the concentration of soluble arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( < 0.0001), 40 ( < 0.0001), and 21% ( = 0.022), respectively. Furthermore, addition of CAX, EXP, and EX increased the concentration of LMW arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( = 0.0001), 36 ( = 0.0006), and 24% ( = 0.023), respectively, compared with the control. Addition of EX and EXP decreased the concentration of soluble NSP of ileal digesta by 25 ( = 0.001) and 26% ( < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control diet. Addition of CAX ( < 0.0001) and EXP ( = 0.013) increased the @entity4583 -to- @entity6122 ratio in the insoluble arabinoxylan fraction in ileal digesta compared with the control diet, and CAX increased the @entity13275 -to-xylose ratio of the ileal insoluble NSP fraction ( < 0.0001) compared with the control diet. Enzyme addition did not affect @entity4628 of OM, CP, starch, and fat ( > 0.3). In conclusion, addition of xylanases to wDDGS diets increased the ileal digestibility of NSP and generated LMW NDC components in the small intestine of @entity1707 but did not affect ileal digestibility of nutrients in the current study.

title: Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible @entity3363 in XXXX fed high levels of @entity3505 distillers dried grains with solubles.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective was to study the effect of a commercially available xylanase (CAX), an experimental xylanase (EX), and EX in combination with protease (EXP) on the degradation of nondigestible @entity3363 (NDC) and @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) of nutrients in @entity3505 distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS). The control and 3 enzyme diets contained 96% wDDGS supplemented with vitamins, minerals, @entity376 , and @entity6213 as a digestibility marker in addition to enzyme premix. Eight ileal cannulated @entity1707 were fed 4 experimental diets containing 96% wDDGS-a control diet or 1 of 3 diets with CAX, EX, or EXP-in a double 4 * 4 Latin square design. The experimental period lasted 7 d; adaptation lasted 4 d, and the ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 5 and 7, when spot samples of feces were also collected. Digesta samples were analyzed for NDC, total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), low molecular weight (LMW) NDC, OM, CP, fat, starch, and marker. Compared with the control diet, addition of CAX, EX, and EXP increased the @entity4628 of arabinoxylan by 32 ( < 0.001), 28 ( = 0.001), and 24% ( = 0.004), respectively. In addition, EXP increased the @entity4628 of noncellulosic polysaccharide @entity413 by 21% compared with the control ( = 0.005). Compared with the control, addition of EX, EXP, and CAX decreased the concentration of soluble arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( < 0.0001), 40 ( < 0.0001), and 21% ( = 0.022), respectively. Furthermore, addition of CAX, EXP, and EX increased the concentration of LMW arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( = 0.0001), 36 ( = 0.0006), and 24% ( = 0.023), respectively, compared with the control. Addition of EX and EXP decreased the concentration of soluble NSP of ileal digesta by 25 ( = 0.001) and 26% ( < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control diet. Addition of CAX ( < 0.0001) and EXP ( = 0.013) increased the @entity4583 -to- @entity6122 ratio in the insoluble arabinoxylan fraction in ileal digesta compared with the control diet, and CAX increased the @entity13275 -to-xylose ratio of the ileal insoluble NSP fraction ( < 0.0001) compared with the control diet. Enzyme addition did not affect @entity4628 of OM, CP, starch, and fat ( > 0.3). In conclusion, addition of xylanases to wDDGS diets increased the ileal digestibility of NSP and generated LMW NDC components in the small intestine of @entity1707 but did not affect ileal digestibility of nutrients in the current study.

title: Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible @entity3363 in @entity1707 fed high levels of XXXX distillers dried grains with solubles.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted according to @entity42231 criteria as a prospective randomized cross-over study. The primary goal of the study was to determine clinical findings and @entity1 satisfaction with postoperative treatment. 29 @entity1 with a @entity174 that was surgically stabilized from volar and who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled over a 12-month period. Each @entity1 randomly received either a dorsal plaster splint or a vacuum-fit flexible but blocked orthosis applied postoperatively in the operating theatre to achieve postoperative immobilization. After one week all @entity1 were crossed over to the complementary device maintaining the immobilization until end of week 2. After week 2 both groups were allowed to exercise wrist mobility with a physiotherapist, in the orthosis group the device was deblocked, thus allowing limited wrist mobility. After week 4 the devices were removed in both groups. Follow-up exams were performed after postoperative weeks 1, 2, 4 and 12. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results were determined after week 1 and 2 using SF 36 and a personally compiled questionnaire; after weeks 4 and 12 with a clinical check-up, calculation of ROM and the DASH Score. Comparison of the two groups showed a significant difference in ROM for volar flexion after 4 weeks, but no significant differences in DASH Score, duration of disability or x-ray findings. With regard to satisfaction with comfort and hygiene, @entity1 were significantly more satisfied with the dynamic orthosis, and 23 of the 29 @entity1 would prefer the flexible vacuum orthosis in future. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00006097.

title: Early Functional Postoperative Therapy of XXXX with a Dynamic Orthosis: Results of a Prospective Randomized Cross-Over Comparative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Distal Radius Fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: European guidelines for quality assurance in @entity14 screening recommend snare resection for @entity1127 >5mm. The aim of this study was to investigate polypectomy technique according to lesion size and shape, and to assess adherence of endoscopists enrolled in the national quality assurance program to the European guidelines. @entity1 and methods: This cohort study included screening colonoscopies performed between 2007 and 2013 within a quality assurance program in Austria. Resection technique was analyzed according to lesion characteristics and endoscopy facility (private practices, hospitals, outpatient clinics) before publication of the EU guidelines (2007-2010) and adherence to the guidelines after publication (2011-2013). All surveillance colonoscopies and examinations with missing data were excluded. Results: A total of 128   969 screening colonoscopies performed by 278 endoscopy units were included. The polyp detection rate was 39.6% (n=47   797) and 95.6% of @entity1127 were resected. Of @entity1127 >= 5mm, 46.0% were resected using forceps and were therefore not treated in accordance with the guidelines. Forceps polypectomy of lesions 5-10mm and >10mm decreased significantly in hospitals after implementation of the guidelines (both P<0.0001). In private practices, there was no difference in forceps usage for @entity1127 of 5-10mm (P=0.41) before and after the guidelines, and for @entity1127 >10mm forceps usage even increased (P<0.0001). Endoscopists' forceps removal rates for @entity1127 >= 5mm correlated significantly with respective @entity652 rates (P=0.0007, r p -0.187) and cecal intubation rates (P=0.0001, r p -0.303). Among endoscopists in private practices, internists had slightly lower forceps removal rates for @entity1127 >= 5mm than surgeons, both before (47.2% vs. 50.7%; P=0.014) and after publication of the guidelines (51.9% vs. 53.5%; P=0.161). Conclusions: This study confirmed the importance of the European guidelines. The inclusion of adequate resection technique as a quality indicator in @entity14 screening programs is recommended.

title: Forceps versus snare polypectomies in XXXX screening: are we adhering to the guidelines?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma detection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) is associated with @entity717 , but the risk pathways are poorly understood. METHOD: The @entity2916 2000 Study is a prospective longitudinal study of the natural history of @entity2916 . One hundred and twenty-five UK @entity1 age 0-16 years with @entity2916 and born between January 2001 and December 2006 were studied. Intelligence was assessed using standardized measures at >= 2 years of age. The age of onset of @entity302 , the type of @entity302 , the frequency and duration of @entity410 , as well as the response to treatment was assessed at interview and by review of medical records. The severity of @entity302 in the early years was estimated using the E-Chess score. Genetic studies identified the mutations and the number of cortical tubers was determined from brain scans. RESULTS: @entity13011 mutations were associated with significantly higher cortical tuber count than @entity10622 mutations. The extent of brain involvement, as indexed by cortical tuber count, was associated with an earlier age of onset and severity of @entity302 . In turn, the severity of @entity302 was strongly associated with the degree of @entity73 . Structural equation modelling supported a causal pathway from @entity74 to cortical tuber count to @entity302 severity to intellectual outcome. Infantile @entity2473 and @entity159 were important contributors to @entity410 severity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the proposition that severe, early onset @entity302 may impair intellectual development in @entity2916 and highlight the potential importance of early, prompt and effective treatment or prevention of @entity302 in @entity2916 .

title: Intellectual abilities in XXXX complex: risk factors and correlates from the @entity2916 2000 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'TSC', 'Tuberous sclerosis complex', 'Tuberous Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) is associated with @entity717 , but the risk pathways are poorly understood. METHOD: The @entity2916 2000 Study is a prospective longitudinal study of the natural history of @entity2916 . One hundred and twenty-five UK @entity1 age 0-16 years with @entity2916 and born between January 2001 and December 2006 were studied. Intelligence was assessed using standardized measures at >= 2 years of age. The age of onset of @entity302 , the type of @entity302 , the frequency and duration of @entity410 , as well as the response to treatment was assessed at interview and by review of medical records. The severity of @entity302 in the early years was estimated using the E-Chess score. Genetic studies identified the mutations and the number of cortical tubers was determined from brain scans. RESULTS: @entity13011 mutations were associated with significantly higher cortical tuber count than @entity10622 mutations. The extent of brain involvement, as indexed by cortical tuber count, was associated with an earlier age of onset and severity of @entity302 . In turn, the severity of @entity302 was strongly associated with the degree of @entity73 . Structural equation modelling supported a causal pathway from @entity74 to cortical tuber count to @entity302 severity to intellectual outcome. Infantile @entity2473 and @entity159 were important contributors to @entity410 severity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the proposition that severe, early onset @entity302 may impair intellectual development in @entity2916 and highlight the potential importance of early, prompt and effective treatment or prevention of @entity302 in @entity2916 .

title: Intellectual abilities in @entity2916 complex: risk factors and correlates from the XXXX 2000 Study.

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['Tuberous Sclerosis']


abstract: In 1979 and 1980, at the University Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 115 @entity1 with extrauterine pregnancy were surgically treated. In 26 @entity1 the value of the radioimmunologic determination of @entity1465 in the serum was analysed. Along with it, also other clinicodiagnostic procedures (immunochemical test for pregnancy, culdocentesis, curettage) wire carried out. Not in a single case of extrauterine pregnancy in which the serum beta @entity1465 level was determined, was the result falsely negative. The immunochemical test for pregnancy was falsely negative in 32.6% and the result of culdocentesis was falsely negative in 13.6% of the @entity1 examined. In @entity1 with negative culdocentesis laparoscopy was performed (10.4%), showing ectopic pregnancy. In the course of extrauterine pregnancy the elimination of beta @entity1465 was significatly reduced in relation to its level in normal pregnancy. The concentration of beta @entity1465 in the observed @entity1 with extrauterine pregnancy ranged from 27 to 3924 IU/L. On the basis of a low beta @entity1465 concentration in the serum it is possible to determine with much certainty that pregnancy is not quite normal. Of great help is the observation of changes in the elimination of this hormone over a short period of time. A timely diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy improves prognosis of future fertility.

title: [ XXXX beta chorionic gonadotropin in the early diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['HCG', 'beta chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The paper is devoted to the functional specification and the architecture of a data processing system to database generation and management within the Centre of Nutrition and @entity209 in Bucharest. The main operations performed by the system refer to: -- @entity1 admission. A @entity1 file which is created for any new @entity1 , contains all the details hitherto included in the @entity1 registration form. --File update, carried out periodically or whenever required. Any new relevant detail is added to the existing file in a conversational manner. --Report generation. The reports are produced periodically or upon request. --Inventory and stock control concerning the drugs dispensed free of charge. --Data processing and classification. --Creation and retrieval of @entity1 archives. --Display on request of the various details contained by the @entity1 file. The described system can be implemented on an INDEPENDENT I-100 general purpose minicomputer, having a main memory of 96 kwords. The disc-based AMS operating system is used. The system operates in real time, although off-line background jobs can be run in order to assist the scientific work. A FORTRAN compiler is part of the operating system.

title: Data processing system for the Centre of Nutrition and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patient']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity17893 / @entity17892 /amnionless complex is essential for albumin and low molecular weight (LMW) protein reabsorption by renal proximal tubules (PT). Mutations of the @entity17893 gene encoding @entity17893 cause @entity8 (DB/FOAR), which is characterized by LMW @entity644 . The pathophysiology of DB/FOAR-associated @entity4094 remains unclear. CLINICAL CASE: A 3-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity851 and @entity644 . Clinical examination was unremarkable, except for a still-opened anterior fontanel and @entity1714 . Psychomotor development was delayed. At 6, she developed @entity1274 . @entity5766 was noted when she turned 12. Blood analyses, including renal function parameters, were normal. Urine sediment was bland. @entity644 was significant and included albumin and LMW proteins. Immunoblotting analyses detected @entity17892 and @entity1400 ) in the urine. Renal ultrasound was unremarkable. Optical examination of a renal biopsy did not disclose any tubular or glomerular abnormality. Electron microscopy revealed that PT apical endocytic apparatus was significantly less developed. Immunostaining for @entity17893 showed a faint signal in PT cytosol contrasting with the distribution of @entity17892 at the apical membrane. The diagnostic procedure led to identifying two mutations of the @entity17893 gene. CONCLUSIONS: The functional loss of @entity17893 in DB/FOAR causes @entity4094 characterized by increased urinary shedding of @entity1400 and @entity17892 .

title: In-depth phenotyping of a Donnai-Barrow XXXX helps clarify proximal tubule dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['PT dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive Donnai-Barrow/facio-oculo-acoustico-renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity1400 :: ('761', 'Gene') :: ['CA3', 'type 3 carbonic anhydrase (CA3']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity882 occurs frequently in newborn @entity1 with @entity295 , but the exact mechanism remains obscure in those @entity1 who do not have evidence of disseminated @entity5642 . Since recent work has suggested a possible immune mechanism for @entity882 observed in adults with @entity295 , we have investigated the role of platelet-associated immunoglobulin in @entity281 . To detect PAIgG we use a method employing protein A and peroxidase-antiperoxidase as a labeled antibody. PAIgG was quantitated by phase contrast microscopy and expressed as a reactive index. Our control group included 16 normal newborn @entity1 whose mean RI was 0.65 +/- 0.01 SE. In addition to the control group, five @entity1 with nonimmune @entity882 were included; their mean RI was 0.66 +/- 0.01 SE. Seventeen newborn @entity1 with severe @entity281 were assayed for PAIgG. Eight of nine @entity1 with @entity2348 had increased RI, with a mean of 1.16 +/- 0.03 SE (P less than 0.01). Six of the eight @entity1 with @entity1800 had elevated RI, with a mean of 1.23 +/- 0.03 SE (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that an immune mechanism may be involved in the @entity882 of severe @entity281 .

title: Immune XXXX in @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['severe neonatal infections', 'neonatal infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: @entity882 occurs frequently in newborn @entity1 with @entity295 , but the exact mechanism remains obscure in those @entity1 who do not have evidence of disseminated @entity5642 . Since recent work has suggested a possible immune mechanism for @entity882 observed in adults with @entity295 , we have investigated the role of platelet-associated immunoglobulin in @entity281 . To detect PAIgG we use a method employing protein A and peroxidase-antiperoxidase as a labeled antibody. PAIgG was quantitated by phase contrast microscopy and expressed as a reactive index. Our control group included 16 normal newborn @entity1 whose mean RI was 0.65 +/- 0.01 SE. In addition to the control group, five @entity1 with nonimmune @entity882 were included; their mean RI was 0.66 +/- 0.01 SE. Seventeen newborn @entity1 with severe @entity281 were assayed for PAIgG. Eight of nine @entity1 with @entity2348 had increased RI, with a mean of 1.16 +/- 0.03 SE (P less than 0.01). Six of the eight @entity1 with @entity1800 had elevated RI, with a mean of 1.23 +/- 0.03 SE (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that an immune mechanism may be involved in the @entity882 of severe @entity281 .

title: Immune @entity882 in XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['severe neonatal infections']


abstract: RATIONALE: High demand for @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) services and limited bed availability have prompted hospitals to address capacity planning challenges. Simulation modeling can examine @entity1213 bed assignment policies, accounting for @entity1 acuity, to reduce @entity1213 admission delays. OBJECTIVES: To provide a framework for data-driven modeling of @entity1213 @entity1 flow, identify key measurable outcomes, and present illustrative analysis demonstrating the impact of various bed allocation scenarios on outcomes. METHODS: A description of key inputs for constructing a queuing model was outlined, and an illustrative simulation model was developed to reflect current triage protocol within the medical @entity1213 and step-down unit (SDU) at a single tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 acuity, arrival rate, and unit length of stay, consisting of a "service time" and "time to transfer," were estimated from 12 months of retrospective data (n   =   2,710 adult @entity1 ) for 36 @entity1213 and 15 SDU staffed beds. @entity1 priority was based on acuity and whether the @entity1 originated in the emergency department. The model simulated the following hypothetical scenarios: (1) varied @entity1213 /SDU sizes, (2) reserved @entity1213 beds as a triage strategy, (3) lower targets for time to transfer out of the @entity1213 , and (4) @entity1213 expansion by up to four beds. Outcomes included @entity1213 admission wait times and unit occupancy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: With current bed allocation, simulated wait time averaged 1.13 (SD, 1.39) hours. Reallocating all SDU beds as @entity1213 decreased overall wait times by 7.2% to 1.06 (SD, 1.39) hours and increased bed occupancy from 80 to 84%. Reserving the last available bed for acute @entity1 reduced wait times for acute @entity1 from 0.84 (SD, 1.12) to 0.31 (SD, 0.30) hours, but tripled subacute @entity1 ' wait times from 1.39 (SD, 1.81) to 4.27 (SD, 5.44) hours. Setting transfer times to wards for all @entity1213 /SDU @entity1 to 1 hour decreased wait times for incoming @entity1213 @entity1 , comparable to building one to two additional @entity1213 beds. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital queuing and simulation modeling with empiric data inputs can evaluate how changes in @entity1213 bed assignment could impact unit occupancy levels and @entity1 wait times. Trade-offs associated with dedicating resources for acute @entity1 versus expanding capacity for all @entity1 can be examined.

title: A Conceptual Framework for Improving Critical Care XXXX Flow and Bed Use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']