abstract: PURPOSE: To test the short-term and long-term reliability of time-frequency electromyographic (EMG) measures of @entity1295 during repetitive dynamic lifting and compare it with the reliability of @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) EMG measures of @entity1295 during static lifting. METHODS: Fourteen' healthy male subjects (26 +/- 5 years) repetitively (12 lifts/min) lifted and lowered a box (29 x 25 x 23 cm, 13 kg) for 4.5 min during 3 different tests on 2 different days. EMG data and the biomechanics of motion were recorded. Before and after dynamic lifting, static maximum lifting tests were performed. At the end of each of the two sessions, subjects performed a static lift at 80% of their maximum lifting force for 30 s. RESULTS: Significant @entity1295 -related changes were observed during the lifting exercise via EMG time-frequency analysis at the paravertebral L5, L2, T10, and vastus lateralis (VL) electrode sites. Two parameters for assessing @entity1295 during dynamic contractions [i.e., the Instantaneous @entity2198 (IMDF) and its time dependent change] were shown to be reproducible both in the short-term (2 h) and long-term (2 wk). The corresponding ICCs reflecting the reproducibility of values between sessions were 96.9% (L5), 98.1% (L2), 90.1% (T10), 96.4% (UT), 98.0% (GM), 89.5% (VL), and 99.0% (BF), respectively. For most EMG recording sites, the reliability of the IMDF measures was not dependent upon the postural strategy that the subject used to accomplish the lifting task or on the subject's strength as measured via the static maximum lifting test. A comparison between the ICC values of the IMDF measures and those of the parameters utilized to assess @entity1295 during static sustained lifts [i.e., the @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) and its change during the test] revealed equally good reproducibility for most EMG recording sites. The respective ICC values that took into account time dependent trends for the IMDF parameter were 87.1% (L5), 62.4% (L2), 90.1% (T10), 0% (UT), 72.7% (GM), 45.4% (VL), and 100% (BF), and for the @entity2198 parameter 94.9% (L5), 73.0% (L2), 80.9% (T10), 100% (UT), 89% (GM), 91.7% (VL), and 90.9% (BF), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The time-frequency approach allows one to derive EMG spectral parameters that can be used to monitor muscle @entity1295 during dynamic real-world tasks such as lifting.

title: Reliability of EMG time-frequency measures of XXXX during repetitive lifting.

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'median frequency', 'Median Frequency', 'MDF']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: @entity6437 ( @entity6437 ) is a rare @entity5 of unknown origin, it has the appearance of a @entity5 but has a benign histology and clinical course. Therefore, we studied five @entity1 with @entity6437 of the liver to determine what examination can aid in its diagnosis. Five cases of @entity409 were analyzed. All @entity1 were examined by echography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and angiography to diagnose the @entity96 . In all @entity1 echography and CT scan showed a similar appearance while MRI showed a variable pattern. In two @entity1 ERC showed a stenotic image of intra-hepatic bile ducts. In the angiographic study, the arterial phase in three @entity1 showed a hypervascular @entity5 and in one @entity1 , a @entity5 . @entity455 was presented in one @entity1 . Similarly, portography in four @entity1 showed some abnormality. We performed ultrasonography-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in two @entity1 in order to diagnose @entity6437 . Histological examinations of two @entity1 were consistent with @entity6437 . The other three @entity1 underwent surgical treatment for a @entity201 or @entity733 . It is difficult to diagnose @entity6437 of the liver exclusively with an image examination. Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous liver biopsy should be performed in order to diagnose @entity6437 by histology.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hypovascular tumor', 'benign tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['IPT', 'Inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: For @entity1 with @entity879 who show a poor evolution despite medical treatment, liver transplantation is an option, with survival rates of greater than 50%. The ideal time to perform the transplant is controversial, as it must not be done too soon (when the @entity409 is still reversible) or too late (when the @entity1 is in an irreversible clinical situation). @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the clinical histories of 34 @entity1 admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of @entity879 included 26 who underwent transplantation. The most frequent cause was viral (n=10, 38%); with no etiology established in 11 cases (42%). Thirteen @entity1 had preoperative complications, the most frequent being @entity177 . As for degree of AB0/DR compatibility, 13 cases were identical (40%), 17 compatible (51%), and the other three incompatible (9%). RESULTS: Thirty-three transplants were performed in 26 @entity1 : four were retransplants due to chronic rejection, two for @entity177 , and one for hyperacute rejection. The overall mortality rate was 46% (12 @entity1 ). The most frequent cause of @entity204 was infection (50%). The overall actuarial survival rate was 68% at 1 year, 63% at 3 years, and 59% at 5 years. The factors associated with a poor prognosis were @entity177 , a grade D electroencephalogram, and @entity75 grades III and IV, the last being the only prognostic factor identified in the multivariate analysis. The prognostic factors for mortality were a grade D electroencephalogram, @entity75 grades III and IV and @entity1576 , the last being the only prognostic factor identified in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Good results of transplantation for the management of @entity879 depends on optimal selection of transplant candidates, which means identifying them early, reducing the waiting time, and excluding factors associated with a poor prognosis.

title: XXXX and liver transplantation: experience of Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft failure', 'renal and respiratory insufficiency', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['Fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyse long-term outcomes of @entity1 with liver transplantation for @entity775 and to determine if @entity879 ( @entity879 ) at presentation was a predictor of outcome after ortothopic liver transplantation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between April 1990 and October 2002, 18 @entity1 with @entity775 underwent 21 liver transplants. Three @entity1 were excluded because of coexisting causes of @entity99 . Seven @entity1 had @entity879 and eight @entity1 had @entity102 . The initial immunosuppressive regimen was cyclosporine based in 80%, and all but one @entity1 received @entity230 or @entity500 . RESULTS: Mean age at time of transplant was 44.2+/-15.5 years. @entity1 were followed for 38.9+/-29.6 months. Five @entity1 (33.3%) had seven episodes of acute rejection (two @entity134 -resistant). Three @entity1 developed chronic rejection. One @entity1 displayed histologically proven recurrent @entity775 . Actuarial @entity1 and graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 80% and 56% and 78.6% and 51%, respectively. No differences in the clinical characteristics of the @entity1 , rates of acute or chronic rejection episodes, end biliary or arterial complications were observed between @entity879 and chronic @entity775 . The study suggests a better survival for autoimmune @entity879 (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplant is indicated for @entity1 displaying @entity409 and @entity879 with similar clinical courses at however, @entity1 with @entity879 at presentation had better survivals.

title: Liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant/subfulminant hepatic failure', 'FSHF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis: fulminant versus chronic hepatitis presentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 in pregnancy (NVP) is a common complaint but risk factors for NVP are not well characterized. METHODS: Occurrence of NVP was studied by questionnaires given to pregnant @entity1 at their first visit to the antenatal care unit and were returned around gestational week 28. RESULTS: Analysis of 3675 completed questionnaires was made. @entity1209 in pregnancy was reported by 79% of the @entity1 , approximately half of which had been @entity391 . Various therapies (drugs, acupuncture, acupressure) were tried by 18% of the @entity1 with NVP, of which the majority used drugs, most notably antihistamines (specifically meclozine). Hospitalization occurred in 1% of all @entity1 . @entity1209 in pregnancy caused 28% of all sick-leaves during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Low maternal age and parity 1+ independently increased the risk for NVP. Smoking before pregnancy and using vitamins in early pregnancy were associated with a decreased risk for NVP. @entity1 working outside the home had a lower rate of NVP than housewives and @entity1 out of work. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1209 in pregnancy is a common complaint with a significant impact on leave of absence from work. The study identifies a number of factors that are related to the occurrence of NVP and that may give hints on the etiology of the condition.

title: Relationship between vitamin use, smoking, and nausea and XXXX of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate pharmacological treatment strategies used by residential primary care providers for @entity1 with @entity303 . METHODS: A postal questionnaire survey was sent to all residential primary care providers, internists, neurologists and psychiatrists (n = 689) in the western region of Austria. RESULTS: The response rate (53 %) was similar in all four physician groups. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are considered to have a higher efficacy (p < 0.0005) compared to nootropic drugs. However, the vast majority of primary care providers (95 %) prescribe nootropic drugs. Two thirds (64 %) of the primary care providers prescribe acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The @entity303 subtype influences the prescription frequency of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but not the specific choice of nootropic compound. Half of the primary care providers (52 %) combine antidementia drugs. Nearly two-thirds (62 %) of all primary care providers frequently prescribe antidepressants. Specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors are applied by the majority of primary care providers (96 %). About one-third (39 %) of primary care providers and internists (29 %) prescribe tricyclic antidepressants. Antipsychotics are applied frequently by around a quarter (29 %) of all physicians. More than half of primary care providers (62 %) and internists (58 %) treat @entity1 with typical antipsychotics. Psychiatrists and neurologists are significantly more reluctant to prescribe tricyclic antidepressants and typical antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of scientific evidence, residential primary care providers combine antidementia drugs very frequently. Therefore, controlled studies on combination therapies are urgently needed; in contrast to neurologists and psychiatrists, primary care providers and internists frequently prescribe tricyclic antidepressants and typical antipsychotics. The reasons for this should be clarified in further studies.

title: Pharmacological treatment strategies of residential primary care providers in XXXX diseases--results of a representative survey in western Austria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of laparoscopic decapsulation in the management of @entity45 in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 who presented over the last decade with @entity45 and were treated with laparoscopic decapsulation were reviewed retrospectively. The authors performed 4 procedures in 3 @entity1 aged 10, 11 (and later 13), and 13 years. In all cases there was progressive enlargement of a single cyst, which lay in the upper pole of the spleen in 3 instances and in the lower pole in the fourth. @entity516 was induced using the Veress needle technique, and 3 or 4 ports were utilized. Cysts were aspirated initially before marsupialization with excision of around two thirds of the cyst wall. Both endoshears and the harmonic scalpel were used with good hemostatic effect. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a good outcome with cyst resolution on long-term follow-up using serial ultrasound scanning. The first @entity1 (in 1993) remained 3 days as an in @entity1 postoperatively, and the others stayed overnight only. One @entity1 had a new cyst near the first 30 months after the initial procedure. This again was dealt with laparoscopically, with @entity1 discharge the following day. There were no complications in the short or long term. Histology in all cases confirmed a simple epithelial cyst. Median follow-up was 2 years (range, 6 months to 8 years). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that laparoscopic decapsulation is an effective means of managing @entity45 and that both harmonic scalpel and endoshears are satisfactory dissecting instruments. Extensive marsupialization is probably unnecessary in these larger cysts, because long-term follow-up has shown no increased risk of recurrence after leaving a significant proportion of the cyst wall behind. This approach helps avoid major surgery in these cases.

title: Laparoscopic decapsulation of XXXX : a step forward in splenic preservation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['congenital splenic cysts']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['congenital splenic cysts']


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, with three distinct main types: alpha, beta and gamma (subdivided into gamma(1) and gamma(2)). Recently, the presence of @entity6864 has been reported in @entity1 islets. Whether other @entity5601 types can be found in @entity1 islets, how islet @entity6864 mRNA expression is regulated by the metabolic milieu, their role in insulin secretion, and the effects of a @entity6864 agonist are not known. In this study, @entity1 pancreatic islets were prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification from nonobese adult donors. The presence of @entity5601 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR, and the effect was evaluated of exposure for up to 24 h to either 22.2 mmol/l @entity413 and/or 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mmol/l long-chain @entity844 mixture (oleate to @entity2365 , 2:1). @entity11589 and, to a greater extent, total @entity6864 and @entity6864 (2) mRNAs were expressed in @entity1 islets, whereas @entity5601 mRNA was not detected. Compared with @entity1 adipose tissue, @entity6864 mRNA was expressed at lower levels in the islets, and @entity11589 at similar levels. The expression of @entity6864 (2) mRNA was not affected by exposure to 22.2 mmol/l @entity413 , whereas it decreased markedly and time-dependently after exposure to progressively higher free @entity1718 (FFA). This latter effect was not affected by the concomitant presence of high @entity413 . Exposure to FFA caused inhibition of insulin mRNA expression, @entity413 -stimulated insulin release, and reduction of islet insulin content. The @entity6864 agonists @entity6170 and @entity13149 prevented the cytostatic effect of FFA as well as the FFA-induced changes of @entity5601 and insulin mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study shows that @entity6864 mRNA is expressed in @entity1 pancreatic islets, with predominance of @entity6864 (2); exposure to FFA downregulates @entity6864 (2) and insulin mRNA expression and inhibits @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion; exposure to @entity6864 agonists can prevent these effects.

title: @entity6170 prevents the impairment of @entity1 islet function induced by XXXX : evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity13149 :: ('MESH:C097240', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxy-Delta-(12,14)prostaglandin J(2)']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, with three distinct main types: alpha, beta and gamma (subdivided into gamma(1) and gamma(2)). Recently, the presence of @entity6864 has been reported in @entity1 islets. Whether other @entity5601 types can be found in @entity1 islets, how islet @entity6864 mRNA expression is regulated by the metabolic milieu, their role in insulin secretion, and the effects of a @entity6864 agonist are not known. In this study, @entity1 pancreatic islets were prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification from nonobese adult donors. The presence of @entity5601 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR, and the effect was evaluated of exposure for up to 24 h to either 22.2 mmol/l @entity413 and/or 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mmol/l long-chain @entity844 mixture (oleate to @entity2365 , 2:1). @entity11589 and, to a greater extent, total @entity6864 and @entity6864 (2) mRNAs were expressed in @entity1 islets, whereas @entity5601 mRNA was not detected. Compared with @entity1 adipose tissue, @entity6864 mRNA was expressed at lower levels in the islets, and @entity11589 at similar levels. The expression of @entity6864 (2) mRNA was not affected by exposure to 22.2 mmol/l @entity413 , whereas it decreased markedly and time-dependently after exposure to progressively higher free @entity1718 (FFA). This latter effect was not affected by the concomitant presence of high @entity413 . Exposure to FFA caused inhibition of insulin mRNA expression, @entity413 -stimulated insulin release, and reduction of islet insulin content. The @entity6864 agonists @entity6170 and @entity13149 prevented the cytostatic effect of FFA as well as the FFA-induced changes of @entity5601 and insulin mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study shows that @entity6864 mRNA is expressed in @entity1 pancreatic islets, with predominance of @entity6864 (2); exposure to FFA downregulates @entity6864 (2) and insulin mRNA expression and inhibits @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion; exposure to @entity6864 agonists can prevent these effects.

title: XXXX prevents the impairment of @entity1 islet function induced by @entity1718 : evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion.

answer: @entity6170 :: (MESH:C089730,Chemical) :: ['Rosiglitazone']


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, with three distinct main types: alpha, beta and gamma (subdivided into gamma(1) and gamma(2)). Recently, the presence of @entity6864 has been reported in @entity1 islets. Whether other @entity5601 types can be found in @entity1 islets, how islet @entity6864 mRNA expression is regulated by the metabolic milieu, their role in insulin secretion, and the effects of a @entity6864 agonist are not known. In this study, @entity1 pancreatic islets were prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification from nonobese adult donors. The presence of @entity5601 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR, and the effect was evaluated of exposure for up to 24 h to either 22.2 mmol/l @entity413 and/or 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mmol/l long-chain @entity844 mixture (oleate to @entity2365 , 2:1). @entity11589 and, to a greater extent, total @entity6864 and @entity6864 (2) mRNAs were expressed in @entity1 islets, whereas @entity5601 mRNA was not detected. Compared with @entity1 adipose tissue, @entity6864 mRNA was expressed at lower levels in the islets, and @entity11589 at similar levels. The expression of @entity6864 (2) mRNA was not affected by exposure to 22.2 mmol/l @entity413 , whereas it decreased markedly and time-dependently after exposure to progressively higher free @entity1718 (FFA). This latter effect was not affected by the concomitant presence of high @entity413 . Exposure to FFA caused inhibition of insulin mRNA expression, @entity413 -stimulated insulin release, and reduction of islet insulin content. The @entity6864 agonists @entity6170 and @entity13149 prevented the cytostatic effect of FFA as well as the FFA-induced changes of @entity5601 and insulin mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study shows that @entity6864 mRNA is expressed in @entity1 pancreatic islets, with predominance of @entity6864 (2); exposure to FFA downregulates @entity6864 (2) and insulin mRNA expression and inhibits @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion; exposure to @entity6864 agonists can prevent these effects.

title: @entity6170 prevents the impairment of XXXX islet function induced by @entity1718 : evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of the small peptide thymosin beta4 is associated with angiogenesis induction, accelerated wound healing, and the metastatic potential of @entity5 cells. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which thymosin beta4 promotes @entity3 . METHODS: Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to examine thymosin beta4 expression in @entity19 @entity320 B16 cell lines and in @entity19 cells derived from metastatic @entity19 @entity2 , respectively. @entity19 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 @entity19 to evaluate @entity5 growth and metastatic potential, respectively. In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected @entity19 cells. Statistical significance of all results was analyzed by two-tailed Student's t tests. RESULTS: Thymosin beta4 mRNA was expressed in primary cultured @entity19 cells derived from lung metastases and in @entity19 cells that had formed @entity2 after being injected into @entity19 but not in the B16-F1, @entity19 , or B16-BL6 cell lines. The mean @entity5 sizes in @entity19 20 days after injection with @entity19 cells infected with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 21.7 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.7 to 25.7 mm) and 13.3 mm (95% CI = 11.1 to 15.3 mm), respectively (difference = 8.4 mm; P =.036). The mean numbers of metastatic lung nodules in @entity19 (n = 20) 2 weeks after intravenous injection with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 46.7 (95% CI = 35.0 to 57.7) and 10.9 (95% CI = 6.2 to 15.6), respectively (difference = 35.8 metastatic lung nodules, P<.001). Thymosin beta4 overexpression was associated with a mean 2.3-fold increase (95% CI = 1.9- to 2.7-fold increase; P<.001) in @entity19 cell migration and a mean 4.4-fold increase (95% CI = 3.3- to 5.5-fold increase; P<.001) in the number of blood vessels in solid @entity5 derived from injected @entity19 cells but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity. This induction of angiogenesis by thymosin beta4 was associated with induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. CONCLUSION: Thymosin beta4 may stimulate @entity5 @entity3 by activating cell migration and angiogenesis.

title: Role of thymosin beta4 in @entity5 XXXX and angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of the small peptide thymosin beta4 is associated with angiogenesis induction, accelerated wound healing, and the metastatic potential of @entity5 cells. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which thymosin beta4 promotes @entity3 . METHODS: Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to examine thymosin beta4 expression in @entity19 @entity320 B16 cell lines and in @entity19 cells derived from metastatic @entity19 @entity2 , respectively. @entity19 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 @entity19 to evaluate @entity5 growth and metastatic potential, respectively. In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected @entity19 cells. Statistical significance of all results was analyzed by two-tailed Student's t tests. RESULTS: Thymosin beta4 mRNA was expressed in primary cultured @entity19 cells derived from lung metastases and in @entity19 cells that had formed @entity2 after being injected into @entity19 but not in the B16-F1, @entity19 , or B16-BL6 cell lines. The mean @entity5 sizes in @entity19 20 days after injection with @entity19 cells infected with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 21.7 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.7 to 25.7 mm) and 13.3 mm (95% CI = 11.1 to 15.3 mm), respectively (difference = 8.4 mm; P =.036). The mean numbers of metastatic lung nodules in @entity19 (n = 20) 2 weeks after intravenous injection with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 46.7 (95% CI = 35.0 to 57.7) and 10.9 (95% CI = 6.2 to 15.6), respectively (difference = 35.8 metastatic lung nodules, P<.001). Thymosin beta4 overexpression was associated with a mean 2.3-fold increase (95% CI = 1.9- to 2.7-fold increase; P<.001) in @entity19 cell migration and a mean 4.4-fold increase (95% CI = 3.3- to 5.5-fold increase; P<.001) in the number of blood vessels in solid @entity5 derived from injected @entity19 cells but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity. This induction of angiogenesis by thymosin beta4 was associated with induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. CONCLUSION: Thymosin beta4 may stimulate @entity5 @entity3 by activating cell migration and angiogenesis.

title: Role of thymosin beta4 in XXXX @entity3 and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Community pharmacists strive to deliver pharmaceutical care to @entity1 . At the moment, @entity308 primary care @entity1 on taking their antidepressants (ADs) is not yet part of their standard care package. AIMS: To investigate the effects of @entity15285 by community pharmacists on psychological symptoms. METHOD: A randomised controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up. OUTCOMES: psychological symptoms with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL). Intention-to-treat (ITT) was performed with (1) last observation carried forward and (2) with group mean imputation (GMI). RESULTS: Analyses with LOCF and GMI resulted in different findings. The LOCF method revealed that at the 6-month follow-up, the intervention @entity1 were less depressed and less anxious than the controls. The intervention was particularly effective in @entity1 with lower levels of education who received pharmacist's @entity15285 . However, ITT with the GMI method showed no differences in psychological symptoms. Differences between LOCF and GMI were explained by the selective attrition in the intervention arm ( @entity6661 @entity1 had lower initial SCL-item scores on @entity308 and @entity148 than the completers) and by the higher attrition rate in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the interpretation of the effects of an intervention on psychological symptoms can differ substantially by the way missing values are imputed. If both LOCF and GMI produce significant differences, efficacy can be concluded. If not, the effects based on ITT analyses with LOCF are based on artefacts. We recommend that positive intervention effects should only be reported when findings with LOCF and GMI are in accordance.

title: Effects of XXXX by community pharmacists on psychological symptoms of antidepressant users; a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['coaching of depressive', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition intervention']

answer: @entity15285 :: (MESH:C536430,Disease) :: ['coaching']


abstract: beta-glucuronidase (GUS) is a reporter protein commonly expressed in transgenic plants allowing the visualization of the transformed individuals. In our recent work, we showed that consumption of transformed @entity415 plants expressing this GUS enzyme improves performance of the phloem feeding aphid Myzus persicae. Those results led us to the conclusion that the expression of GUS in @entity415 plants might be responsible for the probiotic effect measured in feeding aphids. In the present paper, artificial diets were used to provide active GUS (10 and 500 microg ml(-1)), inactivated heated GUS (500 microg ml(-1)), @entity8686 (10, 100 and 500 microg ml(-1)), and bovine serum albumin (500 microg ml(-1)) to M. persicae. Our results reveal that these chemicals provided as food intake might influence the biological parameters of this aphid. Experiments showed a probiotic effect of 500 microg ml(-1) GUS diet, resulting in reduced larval mortality, and increased adult reproduction period and fecundity, which led to an increased population growth potential (r(m)=0.17+/-0.01 versus r(m)=0.12+/-0.03 for aphids fed on control diet). A lower amount of added GUS led to fewer variations, biological parameters being only slightly altered (r(m)=0.14+/-0.03). Statistically similar alterations of the biological parameters were obtained when comparing aphids fed on the diet added with inactivated GUS or the non-structural bovine serum albumin protein (r(m)=0.15+/-0.02 and 0.14+/-0.03, respectively). Feeding assays conducted with @entity8686 supplemented diets enhanced longevity and nymph production of the adult aphids and reduced larval mortality, resulting in r(m)=0.15+/-0.02 for the highest dose (500 microg ml(-1)). Although 100 microg ml(-1) @entity8686 diet did not induce any effect on M. persicae (r(m)=0.12+/-0.03), aphids fed on 10 microg ml(-1) @entity8686 diet exhibited unexpected reduced demographic parameters (r(m)=0.10+/-0.03). Immuno-histological analysis showed GUS labeling along the whole digestive epithelium of adults and in various tissues including embryos and bacteriocytes. These results suggest that GUS crosses through the digestive tract. Western blots performed with protein extracts of transformed @entity415 plants expressing the gus gene showed a unique band of molecular weight 76 kDa. On the contrary, in extracts from aphids fed on transgenic @entity415 plants or bred on GUS 500 microg ml(-1) artificial diet, several proteins of lower molecular weight were hybridized, revealing proteolysis of ingested GUS. It is concluded that GUS protein, and more precisely GUS activity, is responsible for the probiotic effects on aphid feeding. The possible pathways of induction of such physiological alterations by GUS are discussed.

title: Probiotic effects of beta-glucuronidase on the peach- XXXX aphid Myzus persicae (Aphididae).

entities_list: @entity8686 :: ('MESH:D020723', 'Chemical') :: ['glucuronate', 'glucuronic acid']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report our results after antegrade endoscopic treatment of @entity1901 with @entity384 with or without holmium laser endoureterotomy. @entity1901 is the most common long-term urologic complication of renal transplantation. METHODS: From July 2000 to October 2002, 9 renal transplant @entity1 with @entity1695 diagnosed by an increase in serum @entity1011 and radiologic evidence presented for endoscopic treatment. All @entity1 were treated with nephrostomy tube drainage followed by antegrade flexible nephroureteroscopy and @entity384 of the stricture. Three @entity1 required holmium laser endoureterotomy during the same procedure because of fluoroscopic and endoscopic evidence of persistent stricture. All @entity1 were treated with ureteral stents and nephrostomy tubes postoperatively. The median follow-up was 24 months (range 6 to 32). RESULTS: The site of stenosis was at the ureterovesical @entity254 in all @entity1 , and the mean stricture length was 0.28 cm. Two @entity1 had previously undergone ureteroneocystostomy for prior @entity1901 . Six @entity1 (66%) required only @entity384 , and 3 @entity1 (33%) also required holmium laser endoureterotomy. The median ureteral stent and nephrostomy tube duration was 40 and 62 days, respectively. The mean serum @entity1011 level was 2.3 mg/dL at presentation and 1.7 mg/dL at the last follow-up visit. After a median follow-up of 24 months, the ureteral patency and graft function rates were both 100%. No perioperative @entity532 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Balloon dilation with or without holmium laser endoureterotomy was successful and safe in this group of renal transplant @entity1 with short ureterovesical anastomotic strictures.

title: Treatment of renal transplant ureterovesical anastomotic strictures using XXXX with or without holmium:YAG laser endoureterotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stenosis', 'Ureteral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['antegrade balloon dilation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Partin tables provide pretreatment information regarding the probability of various pathologic stages (eg, organ confined, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement). Although the pathologic stage serves as an excellent surrogate for outcome after radical prostatectomy (RRP), many @entity1 and physicians want to know how the predictions made from the Partin tables can be translated into long-term biochemical recurrence-free survival. In this work, we go beyond the pathologic outcomes predicted by the Partin nomograms to provide long-term biochemical recurrence-free estimates on the basis of the pathologic data obtained at RRP to help counsel @entity1 after surgery for @entity263 . METHODS: The study group comprised 1955 @entity1 treated by one surgeon with RRP and pelvic lymph node dissection for clinically localized disease (1989 to 2001). The @entity1 were followed up for at least 1 year postoperatively, and the disease-free survival rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The pathologic stages were as follows: organ confined in 57%, extraprostatic extension in 35%, seminal vesicle involvement in 4%, and lymph node involvement in 4%. The prostatectomy Gleason score distribution was as follows: 2 to 4 in 1%, 5 to 6 in 63%, 7 in 30%, and 8 to 10 in 6%. Overall, a positive surgical margin was present in 9.8%. On the basis of the prostatectomy Gleason score, pathologic stage, and surgical margin status, the probability of long-term biochemical recurrence-free survival was divided into four groups: excellent, good, moderate, and low. CONCLUSIONS: These simple to use and explain risk groups can be used to predict long-term biochemical recurrence-free survival from pathologic stage data obtained at surgery or predicted from the Partin tables, along with surgical margin status and Gleason score information obtained at RRP.

title: Probability of biochemical recurrence by analysis of pathologic stage, Gleason score, and margin status for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy of qualitative diagnosis of @entity9128 by analyzing their magnetic resonance (MR) images. METHODS: The MR images of 13 cases of @entity9128 confirmed by pathological examinations were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: In the 10 cases of @entity424 , the @entity5 were identified in the fourth ventricle in 3 cases and in the lateral ventricle in 7 cases. The T(1)-weighted MR images presented isointense or hypointense signals and T(2)-weighted images showed inhomogeneous hyperintense ones. No @entity4 occurred around these @entity5 , and the contrast-enhanced scans presented inhomogeneous enhancement. In the other 3 cases of @entity424 in the @entity75 , including 2 cases of supratentorial and 1 @entity424 . The @entity5 parenchyma presented hypointense signals in T(1)-weighted MR images as compared to the signals of the @entity75 , and in T(2)-weighted images, the signals intensities were similar to or higher than those of the gray matter. Mild @entity4 could be seen around the @entity5 . Enhanced scans of the @entity5 parenchyma showed mild to moderate enhancement. CONCLUSION: MR examination may help in the preoperative detection of @entity9128 .

title: [MRI features of 13 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas', 'subtentorial ependymomas', 'ventricle ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma']

answer: @entity9128 :: (MESH:C531673,Disease) :: ['intracranial ependymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is gaining widespread acceptance as a safe and effective method for @entity96 ablation. Complete @entity5 ablation is essential for the success of the procedure. Multiple modalities have been explored in an effort to increase the size of the lesion created by RFA. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiologic effects of the @entity516 on RFA lesion size. METHODS: A total of 32 RFA lesions were created in eight @entity1707 . After the induction of anesthesia, pneumoperitoneums of 2, 12, and 24 mmHg were established sequentially in each animal. After an equilibration period of 2 min, RF was administered with a constant saline-infused (0.9%) needle at 25 W for 3 min. In subsequent and complementary experiments, both before and during RF administration at each intraperitoneal pressure (IPP), Doppler flow was measured by laparoscopic ultrasound in the @entity99 while blood pressure was monitored by a femoral arterial line. The animals were then killed humanely and the livers were harvested. Measurements were taken in three dimensions of the ablated areas, and the volume was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures test. RESULTS: The average volumes of the lesions (in cm3) were 3.1 +/- 1.8, 5.2 +/- 1.7, and 6.7 +/- 3.3 for IPP of 2, 12 and 24 mmHg, respectively; there was a significant difference between the area of lesion at an IPP of 2 mmHg and an IPP of 24 mmHg ( p < 0.05). Blood flow in the portal vein also decreased significantly from 1.8 +/- 0.6, 0.98 +/- 0.5, and 0.43 +/- 0.2 at IPP of 2, 12, and 24 mmHg, respectively ( p < 0.001). Hepatic artery blood flow and peripheral blood pressure did not change significantly in the respective IPP groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the volume of liver ablated by RF can be increased by augmenting the IPP. Our data support the theory that a decrease in portal blood flow results in @entity393 during RFA. The laparoscopic approach to RFA offers the advantage of allowing control of the IPP, which may result in a larger volume of ablated tissue per treatment than can be achieved with the percutaneous technique. These preliminary data on normal hepatic tissue must be confirmed clinically in the setting of @entity99 .

title: The physiologic effect of the XXXX on radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heat dissipation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'portal vein and hepatic artery']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is the most lethal of all the common @entity5 and markers for early detection or targets for treatment of this disease are urgently required. The disease is characterised by a strong stromal response, with @entity5 cells usually representing a relatively small proportion of the cells in the @entity5 mass. We therefore performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) to enrich for both normal and malignant pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Proteins extracted from these cells were then separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The limited amounts of protein in the LCM procured samples necessitated the detection of 2-DE resolved proteins by @entity575 staining. Consequently, loading equivalent amounts of protein onto gels was essential. However, we found that conventional means of measuring total protein in the samples were not sufficiently accurate. We therefore adopted a strategy in which the samples were first separated by one-dimensional @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, stained with @entity575 stain and subjected to densitometry. Evaluation of the staining intensity was then used to normalise the samples. We found that the protein profiles from undissected normal pancreas and LCM-acquired non-malignant ductal epithelial cells from the same tissue block were different, underpinning the value of LCM in our analysis. The comparisons of protein profiles from nonmalignant and malignant ductal epithelial cells revealed nine protein spots that were consistently differentially regulated. Five of these proteins showed increased expression in @entity5 cells while four showed diminished expression in these cells. One of the proteins displaying enhanced expression in @entity5 cells was identified as the @entity460 -binding protein, @entity11746 . To determine the incidence of @entity11746 overexpression in @entity788 , we carried out immunohistochemical analysis on sections from a @entity788 tissue array containing 174 duplicate normal and malignant pancreatic tissue samples, from 46 @entity788 @entity1 . Normal pancreatic ductal epithelia were either devoid of detectable @entity11746 or showed weak expression only. Moderately or poorly differentiated @entity5 , by contrast, showed a higher incidence and a higher level of @entity11746 expression. These observations indicate that the combination of LCM with 2-DE provides an effective strategy to discover proteins that are differentially expressed in @entity1124 .

title: Application of laser capture microdissection combined with two-dimensional electrophoresis for the discovery of differentially regulated proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) requires considerable psychological adjustment to physical limitations and complications. One particularly severe complication of @entity1566 is foot skin breakdown, which can result in lower limb amputation. Relative to @entity1566 adjustment, amputation may produce one of two psychological outcomes: (a.) the fragile self-concept of a @entity1 with @entity1566 may be reduced further by limb amputation, or (b.) amputation of a diseased, nonfunctional limb may be associated with restored health and improved self-concept. To better understand the effects of amputation, 26 males with @entity1566 , 11 of whom had a lower limb amputation, were administered the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TCS) and the Personal Body Attractiveness Scale (PBAS). The study revealed that @entity1 with @entity1566 with amputation had higher Physical and Total self-concept scores on the TSCS, showing a slightly more positive self-concept. On the PBAS, although there were no significant differences in the scores for the legs, ankles, or feet, the @entity1 with @entity1566 with amputation had higher score on the Satisfaction subscale, indicating a slightly greater satisfaction with their thigh in their body image. Implications for future study include replication with larger sample sizes, inclusion of @entity1 in the sample, and a longitudinal study. Several nursing interventions are identified.

title: Self-concept and body image in XXXX who are spinal cord injured with and without lower limb amputation.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'persons']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity21049 formulation of delayed-release @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ), @entity2983 tablets (AT), has limited efficacy in maintaining remission in @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). This study evaluated the effect of switching @entity1 with unsatisfactory results under treatment with AT to a microgranule delayed-release formulation of @entity3504 , Pentasa tablets (PT). METHODS: A 12-week, open drug-switching study was conducted in 15 @entity29 @entity1 , including 9 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 6 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) who were evaluated at the time of switching from routine AT (2.4 g/day) treatment (for more than 3 months) to PT (4 g/day). @entity31 @entity1 were those under AT remission maintenance and they were defined as prone-to-relapse because of endoscopy scores > or = 2. @entity30 @entity1 were those under acute treatment with AT who had not attained a complete remission. The primary endpoint was the change in @entity31 Disease Activity Index ( @entity31 -DAI) or the @entity30 Activity Index scores after switching to PT therapy. Drug safety profile and @entity1 acceptability were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Twelve weeks after switching to PT treatment, the mean (+/- SEM) @entity31 -DAI score was reduced significantly, from 8.18 +/- 0.58 to 6.81 +/- 0.72 (p = 0.013) in @entity31 @entity1 . Subcategory scores indicated improvements in endoscopy scores and in physician global assessment. Though the change in clinical outcomes did not reach significance for @entity30 @entity1 , a trend towards a therapeutic benefit was observed. No adverse event was observed during the 12-week clinical trial. CONCLUSION: PT may provide a better alternative for @entity29 @entity1 with unsatisfactory response to AT therapy.

title: Efficacy of Pentasa tablets for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity21049 :: ('MESH:C038300', 'Chemical') :: ['Eudragit S']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'Asacol']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Protein @entity669 kinase (PTK) activity is abundant in microglia, but the PTKs that participate in their activation have not been identified. For these studies, we used three paradigms to characterize PTK expression during microglial activation: resting and activated microglia were bulk fractionated from the adult brain, cultured newborn microglia were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to model the transition from activated toward phagocytic microglia, and PTK expression was examined in activated microglia in situ after facial nerve axotomy. Two PCR-based strategies were used to show that 21 different PTK genes are expressed by @entity35 brain microglia: 5 receptor PTKs, 10 nonreceptor PTKs, and 6 members of the src family. Seven of the 21 PTKs were examined in greater detail. Five PTK mRNAs (fgr, @entity70547 , @entity2305 , @entity13720 , and @entity12186 ) increased expression across all three models of activation. We conclude that they represent key components in the cascades that participate in microglial activation. In contrast, expression of fes and fms correlated with stimuli that affect microglial proliferation. Four of the PTKs ( @entity70547 , fgr, fes, and fms) are believed to be myeloid cell specific and were not expressed by cultured astrocytes. @entity70547 and @entity2305 protein were also not expressed in lysates of immature astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Because of their putative specificity, these kinases represent potential targets for inhibitors of microglial activation. Because reactive microglia can exacerbate the severity of @entity16 , the identification of specific kinases that participate in microglial activation represents an important advance toward the development of new therapeutics.

title: Differential expression of protein XXXX kinase genes during microglial activation.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound protectors are plastic sheaths that can be used to line a wound during surgery. Wound protectors can facilitate retraction of an incision without the need for other mechanical retractors and have been proposed as deterrents to wound @entity281 . The purpose of this study was to define the ability of wound protectors to reduce the rate of @entity281 when used in laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. METHODS: We completed a retrospective review of the medical records of @entity1 undergoing nonemergent laparoscopic-assisted colectomy between February 1999 and November 2002. All completely laparoscopic cases were excluded. The wound protector, when used, was applied to the extraction incision during the externalized portion of the procedure (colon and mesentery transection, @entity254 ). Outcomes for @entity1 with and without the use of a wound protector were compared. RESULTS: A total of 141 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (98 for benign/ @entity5 , 35 for @entity66 , and eight for @entity30 ). There were no differences between the wound protector group ( n = 84) and the no wound protector group ( n = 57) with respect to mean age (55 vs 58 years), average body mass index (27 vs 29 kg/m2), gender, indication for surgery, comorbidities, antibiotics used, or mean operative time (185 vs 173 min). Nine @entity1 in the wound protector group and eight in the no wound protector group developed a wound @entity281 at the colon extraction site ( p = 0.42). @entity1 undergoing resection for @entity30 or @entity4436 had a higher @entity281 rate (18.6%) than @entity1 undergoing resection for @entity1127 or @entity5 (9.2%; p < 0.05). No wound recurrence of @entity5 was observed in either group at a mean follow-up of 23 months (range, 3-48). CONCLUSIONS: The wound protector, although useful for mechanical retraction of small wounds, does not significantly diminish the rate of wound @entity281 at the bowel resection/anastomotic site. @entity1 undergoing elective resection for inflammatory processes have higher @entity281 rates than @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy for @entity1127 or @entity5 .

title: Plastic wound protectors do not affect wound XXXX rates following laparoscopic-assisted colectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the 1980s, bypass operations have been largely replaced by gastric restrictive operations. One of the most commonly performed operations for gastric restriction is vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG). However, the results are often disappointing. Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) is a viable alternative to VBG, and the ability to perform this surgery laparoscopically makes it an attractive option for @entity1 in need of revisional surgery. It allows for refashioning of the gastric pouch in @entity1 with a dilation of the pouch or disruption of the staple line. METHODS: A total of 48 @entity1 were referred to our center due to post-VBG weight gain. All @entity1 underwent preoperative evaluation to determine the cause for failure of the operation. All @entity1 found suitable for revisional surgery underwent laparoscopic placement of an adjustable band. RESULTS: All but one of the operations were completed laparoscopically; one @entity1 required conversion to open surgery prior to band placement via laparoscopy. This @entity1 needed a blood transfusion. @entity86 occurred in one @entity1 ; laparoscopy surgery was used successfully for removal of the band and suturing of the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Our short-term results indicate that revisional operation for morbid @entity28 using laparoscopic AGB is a safe procedure when performed cautiously. It enables early @entity1 mobilization and discharge with good functional results and fewer perioperative complications.

title: Safety and feasibility of revisional laparoscopic surgery for morbid XXXX : conversion of open silastic vertical banded gastroplasty to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative band erosion']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Late-onset @entity295 (occurring after 3 days of age) is an important problem in very low birth weight (VLBW) @entity1 . To determine the current incidence of late-onset @entity295 , risk factors for disease, and the impact of late-onset @entity295 on subsequent hospital course, we evaluated a cohort of 6956 VLBW (401-1500 g) neonates admitted to the clinical centers of the National Institute of @entity1 Health and @entity1 Development Neonatal Research Network over a 2-year period (1998-2000). METHODS: The National Institute of @entity1 Health and @entity1 Development Neonatal Research Network maintains a prospective registry of all VLBW neonates admitted to participating centers within 14 days of birth. Expanded infection surveillance was added in 1998. RESULTS: Of 6215 @entity1 who survived beyond 3 days, 1313 (21%) had 1 or more episodes of blood culture-proven late-onset @entity295 . The vast majority of @entity281 (70%) were caused by Gram-positive organisms, with coagulase-negative staphylococci accounting for 48% of @entity281 . Rate of infection was inversely related to birth weight and gestational age. Complications of prematurity associated with an increased rate of late-onset @entity295 included @entity2461 , prolonged ventilation, @entity1162 , @entity2107 , and @entity3166 . @entity1 who developed late-onset @entity295 had a significantly prolonged hospital stay (mean length of stay: 79 vs 60 days). They were significantly more likely to die than those who were uninfected (18% vs 7%), especially if they were infected with Gram-negative organisms (36%) or fungi (32%). CONCLUSIONS: Late-onset @entity295 remains an important risk factor for @entity204 among VLBW preterm @entity1 and for prolonged hospital stay among VLBW survivors. Strategies to reduce late-onset @entity295 and its medical, social, and economic toll need to be addressed urgently.

title: Late-onset XXXX in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'infants', 'Human', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged intravascular access']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: AIM: To study the changes of cell proliferation and apoptosis in @entity35 jejunal epithelium at different ages. METHODS: Cell proliferation and apoptosis of the jejunal mucosal and glandulous epithelia from birth to postnatal 12(th) month were observed using immunocytochemistry (ICC), and TUNEL method. The height of villus, the thickness of @entity121 and the number of goblet cells in jejunal mucosal and glandulous epithelia were measured by BeiHang analytic software and analyzed by STAT. RESULTS: (1) @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) positive cells of jejunal glandulous recess were found and increased in number from birth to the postnatal 3(rd) month. The number of @entity1975 positive cells peaked in the postnatal 3(rd) month, and decreased from then on. (2) The number of apoptotic cells also peaked in the postnatal 3(rd) month, showing a similar trend to that of the @entity1975 positive cells. (3) The height of jejunal villus increased after birth, peaked in the postnatal 3(rd) month and decreased from then on. The jejunal @entity121 became thicker in the postnatal 3(rd) week and the postnatal 12(th) month. The number of goblet cells of the jejunal mucosal and glandulous epithelia had a linear correlation with age. CONCLUSION: (1) @entity1975 positive cells are distributed in the jejunal glandulous recess. (2) Apoptotic cell number peaks in the postnatal 3(rd) month, indicating that cell proliferation and apoptosis are developed with the formation of digestive metabolism as @entity35 grows to maturity. (3) The thickness of jejunal @entity121 increases to a maximum in the postnatal 3(rd) week, which may be related to the change in diet from milk to solid food. (4) The number of goblet cells increases rapidly in the postnatal 3(rd) week, probably due to ingestion of solid food.

title: Morphological changes of cell proliferation and apoptosis in XXXX jejunal mucosa at different ages.

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'Proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle layer']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gonadal sex @entity4097 are rare @entity5 that develop from the gonadal non-germ cell component such as granulosa, Sertoli or Leydig cells. Among these, juvenile @entity722 (JGCT) constitute the largest subgroup of @entity43 during childhood and adolescence. In @entity66 (FIGO stage I), the beneficial role of @entity5 is well established. In contrast, life expectancy in @entity1 with advanced JGCT (FIGO stage >/= II) is short even after complete @entity5 resection. The current literature provides only limited and inconclusive data regarding the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in such @entity1 with @entity1442 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Therefore, we analyzed the @entity1 with FIGO stage >/= II JGCT who were prospectively documented as follow-up @entity1 of the German MAKEI trials for non-testicular germ cell @entity5 and received the recommended @entity900 -based chemotherapy in an adjuvant setting. From 1988 until 2000, 7 @entity1 (age, 4;2 - 18;11 years, median 14;8 years) were registered. Three @entity1 were stage IIc, one stage IIIa, and three stage IIIc. 5 @entity1 underwent laparatomy with adnectomy, which was complete in only two @entity1 . Two @entity1 received laparoscopic @entity5 resection, which was incomplete in both. All @entity1 received 4 or 6 cycles of adjuvant @entity900 -based three-agent chemotherapy in analogy to the current therapeutic concept applied in @entity2971 . One @entity1 with a large @entity5 and multiple peritoneal metastases additionally received 40 Gy abdominal irradiation. RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved complete clinical remission after initial surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. 4 out of 7 @entity1 are currently remaining in first continuous complete remission after 15 to 111 months follow-up. One @entity1 developed a @entity5 of the contralateral ovary after 126 months follow-up and is still alive but currently in therapy of another recurrence. Another @entity1 suffered a @entity5 recurrence after 12 months but achieved a second complete remission with @entity900 chemotherapy after a follow-up of currently 4 months. One @entity1 achieved complete clinical remission but suffered a diffuse peritoneal @entity5 recurrence with massive @entity843 and finally died as a result of @entity5 progression. In summary, at the time of this report 6 of 7 @entity1 are alive after a median of 47 (15 - 138) months. CONCLUSION: This analysis clearly demonstrates that advanced JGCT can be successfully treated with surgery followed by adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy. Therefore, this study reveals encouraging therapeutic perspectives in these otherwise fatal @entity5 that merit further investigation in a prospective cooperative trial.

title: Therapy of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous tumor', 'tumor', 'tumor-ovarectomy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['cord-stromal tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumors']


abstract: Our experience regarding serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) measurement as a marker of lymphocyte activation consists of @entity1 with @entity792 : 37 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), 23 with @entity775 ( @entity775 ), 74 with @entity29 and six with @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ). The influence of immunosuppressive therapy has also been assessed. Serum sIL-2R in @entity1252 is significantly higher than in healthy controls and good correlation is found between sIL-2R and disease activity. Severity of @entity8 in @entity1988 can be reflected by the increased excretion of sIL-2R. It was found that sIL-2R level significantly falls when the disease becomes clinically inactive after immunosuppressive therapy, but in many cases (up to 50%) it does not reach normal levels. The last finding suggests that lymphocyte activation may still be present even though the disease is considered inactive under clinical criteria and support the need of prolonged immunosuppression after the first signs of remission. In @entity775 the serum levels of sIL-2R are elevated in all @entity1 with active disease; all cases with "highly active" disease have significantly higher concentrations than @entity1 with "mild activity". A good correlation has been demonstrated between elevated serum sIL-2R values and @entity34049 ( @entity34049 ) titer (the specific marker of @entity775 ). The follow-up study showed a significant decrease of both sIL-2R levels and anti- @entity34049 titer after 3-9 month immunosuppressive therapy. The findings support that sIL-2R and anti- @entity34049 titer could serve as reliable humoral markers for disease-specific activity. Compared with inactive @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ), significantly higher levels of sIL-2R were present in the serum of @entity1 with active disease, and in inactive disease than in healthy age-matched controls. @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy of @entity1 with refractory @entity31 resulted in sIL-2R decrease at the end of therapeutic period (20 i.m. injections of once a week 25 mg), good responders showing > 50% decrease even at 5-7 weeks of treatment. Serum sIL-2R is elevated in all six @entity1 with @entity2883 . Contrary to anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), sIL-2R remains elevated above cut-off for normal range, despite clinical improvement following immunosuppressive treatment. The last observation suggests that serum sIL-2R is not a good measure of the disease activity and argue for the need of longer immunosuppressive therapy just after the first days of clinical remission.

title: Serum soluble IL-2 receptor as a marker of lymphocyte activation in some XXXX . Effect of immunosuppressive therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity34049 :: ('432', 'Gene') :: ['anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor', 'ASGPR']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Medical therapy of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) has fundamentally changed. The aim of the study is to verify the suggestion that the medical therapy delayed the need of operative treatment and led to changes in characteristics of @entity1 in need of surgery, or whether it had possibly caused deterioration of the results of surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 137 @entity1 treated by TURP in 1991 (before medical therapy was introduced in Slovakia) was compared with a group of 122 @entity1 treated by TURP in 2001 when medical therapy was offered as the primary initial therapy. We evaluated the @entity1 's age, co-morbidity, type and length of medical therapy of LUTS, indications for operation, the weight of the resected tissue, the length of urinary bladder drainage after the operation and the period of hospitalisation. RESULTS: @entity1 in 2001 were on average 3.1 years older (p = 0.007), co-morbidity was present in 68.6% @entity1 in 1991 compared to 85.2% in 2001 (not significant), and TURP for objective indications was done in 58.4% of @entity1 in 1991 and in 50% in 2001. In 2001 71 out of 122 (58.2%) @entity1 received medical therapy and 30 of them (24.6%) were operated on for objective indications. The weight of the resected tissue was 20.2 +/- 13.2 grams in 1991 and 24.6 +/- 15.4 grams in 2001 (p = 0.027). In 1991 the catheter was removed 4.5 +/- 1.8 days after the operation compared to 3.1 +/- 2.2 days in 2001 (p = 0.0001). The duration hospitalisation in 1991 was 7.7 +/- 5.7 days compared to 5.2 +/- 3.2 in 2001 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving medical therapy have surgery at a higher age. The higher age of @entity1 was not related to co-morbidity or the increased number of operations for objective indications, nor did the complications during surgery increase. On average more of the prostatic tissue was removed and the period of hospitalisation was shorter.

title: [Effect of drug therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms indicating the presence of XXXX in transurethral resection of the prostate].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 underwent endocardial radiofrequency ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) during mitral valve procedures with a previously described left @entity75 pattern. A temperature-controlled 7-coil surgical probe delivered 60-second lesions at 80 degrees C. The left atrial appendage was oversewn after ablation. Ages ranged from 28 to 88 years. Nineteen @entity1 had chronic @entity955 that was present for over 1 year in 74%; 12 @entity1 had @entity4794 . Mean left atrial diameter was 5.4 +/- 0.7 cm. There was 1 operative death unrelated to the ablation, and no @entity64 or ablation-related complications were observed. At mean follow-up of 32.5 weeks, 86% of the 22 survivors were in sinus rhythm. All 18 @entity1 with left atrial diameter <6 cm are in sinus rhythm. All postoperative @entity956 was transient, and no @entity1 required subsequent transcatheter ablation. This lesion pattern is safe and effective when applied in the method described here. It appears to be a reasonable alternative to the complete Maze 3 lesion pattern in @entity1 with @entity339 .

title: Radiofrequency ablation of XXXX during mitral valve surgery.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial lesion']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: A series of 32 consecutive students from one medical school presenting for @entity146 treatment over a two-year period between September 1997 and August 1999 is described. The author treated 31 of these students, representing 288 visits and 312 hours. On the basis of retrospective case note reviews, the author presents demographic data, the year of medical school in which the illness began, DSM IV diagnoses, treatment modalities, time absent from University as a result of @entity1032 and major stressors. Of the 32 subjects, 50% were male, with ages ranging from 20 to 34 years (mean 24.9 years). Ninety-four per cent were single, and 78% were Trinidadians. Thirty-one per cent were Trinidad and Tobago National Scholars. This finding achieved statistical significance. Seventy-two per cent presented during their clinical training. The most common source of referral was from members of the Faculty of Medical Sciences (31%). Relationship issues were the most commonly identified stressors in 31% of the subjects. @entity1316 and @entity148 were present in 59% of the students. Pharmacotherapy was used in 75% of the students. The majority (53%) of medical students with @entity146 were absent from university for less than one month. At follow-up in July 2001, 26 (81%) of the students had graduated, three (9%) were still in medical school and three (9%) had withdrawn from medical school as a result of @entity1032 . The study is limited in that only those seeking assistance from one doctor's practice are described. The findings would be further explored in longitudinal studies.

title: XXXX in medical students at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago. Audit at a doctor's practice.

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Mental disorders']


abstract: Case 1: A 52-year-old @entity1 presented with a chief complaint of palpitation. @entity6 was pointed out in 1992. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed @entity4346 in 1997. He visited our department in October 1997. Echocardiography showed increased wall thickness at the interventricular septum. The diagnosis was @entity1121 . Holter ECG revealed nonsustained @entity1165 in December 1997. After this, he visited our outpatient clinic. Echocardiography indicated @entity439 in January 2002, so he was hospitalized in March 2002. Case 2: A 64-year-old @entity1 was transferred to our hospital because of chest discomfort and @entity2142 . She had been treated for @entity101 and @entity6 . She was taken to a hospital by ambulance. On admission, ECG showed wide QRS @entity591 . Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in both @entity1 disclosed almost complete obstruction of the mid-ventricle in the systolic phase on long- and short-axis cine images, and @entity2287 delayed imaging revealed contrast hyperenhancement corresponding to an apical @entity439 on both long- and short-axis images. The final diagnosis was mid-ventricular obstructive @entity1121 with apical @entity439 characterized by delayed hyperenhancement on magnetic resonance imaging with @entity2287 .

title: [ @entity1121 with mid-ventricular obstruction complicated by apical XXXX appearing as delayed contrast hyperenhancement on magnetic resonance imaging: two case reports].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardial attack']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: Case 1: A 52-year-old @entity1 presented with a chief complaint of palpitation. @entity6 was pointed out in 1992. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed @entity4346 in 1997. He visited our department in October 1997. Echocardiography showed increased wall thickness at the interventricular septum. The diagnosis was @entity1121 . Holter ECG revealed nonsustained @entity1165 in December 1997. After this, he visited our outpatient clinic. Echocardiography indicated @entity439 in January 2002, so he was hospitalized in March 2002. Case 2: A 64-year-old @entity1 was transferred to our hospital because of chest discomfort and @entity2142 . She had been treated for @entity101 and @entity6 . She was taken to a hospital by ambulance. On admission, ECG showed wide QRS @entity591 . Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in both @entity1 disclosed almost complete obstruction of the mid-ventricle in the systolic phase on long- and short-axis cine images, and @entity2287 delayed imaging revealed contrast hyperenhancement corresponding to an apical @entity439 on both long- and short-axis images. The final diagnosis was mid-ventricular obstructive @entity1121 with apical @entity439 characterized by delayed hyperenhancement on magnetic resonance imaging with @entity2287 .

title: [ XXXX with mid-ventricular obstruction complicated by apical @entity439 appearing as delayed contrast hyperenhancement on magnetic resonance imaging: two case reports].

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Many different laparoscopic approaches to resection of @entity356 have been described in the literature. We reviewed our experience of laparoscopic approaches to surgical resection of gastric @entity5 seven in six consecutive @entity1 . The @entity5 locations were the @entity356 (n = 2), gastroesophageal junction (n = 1), gastric fundus (n = 2), and gastric antrum (n = 2). Laparoscopic localization of endoluminal @entity5 included intraoperative endoscopy, laparoscopic ultrasound, and laparoscopic palpation. There were five males with a mean age of 57 years. Laparoscopic approaches to resection were laparoscopic wedge resection (n = 4) for @entity5 in the gastric fundus and antrum, laparoscopic enucleation (n = 2) for @entity5 in the @entity356 , and transgastric endoluminal resection (n = 1) for a @entity5 located at the gastroesophageal junction. There was no conversion to laparotomy. The mean operative time was 143 +/- 54 minutes and mean @entity190 was 57 +/- 27 mL. None of the @entity1 required intensive care stay. The mean length of hospital stay was 3 days. There were no major or minor complications and no mortality. Surgical pathology demonstrated @entity356 with less than 2/50 mitosis per high power field in all seven specimens. @entity5 size ranged from 2.8 cm to 7.1 cm in greatest diameter. There has been no @entity5 recurrence with a mean follow-up of 9 months. Laparoscopic resection of benign @entity356 is safe and feasible. The laparoscopic approaches to surgical resection should be tailored based on the location and characteristics of the @entity5 .

title: Laparoscopic resection of XXXX : a tailored approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'stromal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stromal tumor', 'gastric cardia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric stromal tumor']


abstract: The objective of this analysis is to ascertain the natural history of elderly @entity1 greater than 65 years of age with thick @entity320 (T4) who were treated with surgery only. Although there are multiple data on elderly @entity1 , there is not a systematic review of survival in elderly @entity1 over 65 years, and with our analysis we tried to enlighten this field in view especially of the growing population of the elderly in the United States. We retrospectively evaluated 112 @entity1 with thick (> or = 4 mm) @entity320 aged 65 or greater. Mean age was 73 years. Mean follow-up was 36 months. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 69 and 52 months, respectively. Univariate analysis predicted worse @entity1349 and DFS when @entity1 have positive lymph nodes, high mitotic rate, and increasing thickness. By multivariate analysis, lymph node status was most predictive of @entity1349 and DFS. Lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in elderly @entity1 with thick @entity320 . Our analysis has shown that elderly @entity1 that received no adjuvant treatment did significantly worse than the historical controls. @entity1 with nodal metastases are candidates for adjuvant therapy. Those without @entity66 constitute a favorable @entity1 group and thus have much better prognosis and may not need adjuvant therapy. However, they must be closely monitored or enrolled in randomized trials. Thus, treatment for @entity320 @entity1 older than 65 should be as aggressive as in younger @entity1 , and these @entity1 should not be denied adjuvant treatment based on their age only.

title: Thick XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: To determine the role of @entity59 ( @entity59 ) and eosinophils in protection against Strongyloides ratti, @entity19 treated with anti- @entity59 monoclonal antibody (mAb) were infected with S. ratti larvae. Strongyloides ratti egg numbers in faeces (EPG) in mAb treated @entity19 were higher than those in control @entity19 on days 6 and 7 after inoculation. The numbers of migrating worms in mAb treated @entity19 36 h after inoculation were higher than those observed in control @entity19 . Intestinal worm numbers in mAb treated @entity19 5 days after inoculation were higher than those in control @entity19 . These results show that eosinophils effectively protected the host against S. ratti infection by mainly the larval stage in primary @entity281 . The involvement of eosinophils in protection against secondary infection was also examined. Before secondary infection, @entity19 were treated with anti- @entity59 mAb and infected with S. ratti. Patent @entity281 were not observed in either mAb treated or control Ab treated @entity19 . The numbers of migrating worms in the head and lungs of mAb treated @entity19 increased to 60% of that in primary infected @entity19 . Intestinal worms were not found in mAb treated @entity19 or in control @entity19 after oral implantation of adult worms. Eosinophils were therefore mainly involved in protection against tissue migrating worms in secondary @entity281 .

title: Strongyloides ratti: the role of XXXX in protection against tissue migrating larvae and intestinal adult worms.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity59 :: (16191(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined our database of 600 consecutive laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (LRYGBP) to determine predictors of prolonged operations, conversion to open operations and @entity260 . METHODS: All were primary bariatric operations. Body habitus, gender, and previous surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: Regression analysis showed the following parameters to correlate positively with increased operative time: 1) Waist, 2) BMI, 3) Weight, and 4) Waist/Hip ratio. Height and hip measurement did not correlate with operative time. No previous operations affected operative time. Conversion to open operation was necessary in 25/600 cases (4.2%). Conversion was necessary with larger waist measurement (P=0.00007) and increased waist/hip ratio (P=0.01) but not BMI. Conversion occurred more frequently in males (6/43, 14.0%) than females (19/557, 3.4%). This trend was statistically significant (P=0.006). An enlarged liver was responsible for 12/25 conversions. 6/12 @entity1 with large livers had @entity2175 and 6/12 @entity1 had biopsy-proven @entity1560 . 2/12 had huge @entity409 that were not biopsed. Liver function tests were normal in 8/8 @entity1 preoperatively. Complications including leak (5), @entity358 (2), @entity548 (12), stenosis of the GI tract (24) and @entity281 (7) occurred in 48/600 @entity1 (8.0%). There were no deaths. Complications did not correlate with body habitus, gender, or previous surgery. CONCLUSION: Larger @entity1 as measured by waist measurement, weight, and BMI but not previous surgery prolonged LRYGBP. Conversion to open surgery was more frequently necessary in @entity1 with larger abdomens, @entity1144 , and @entity2175 . Complications did not correlate with any preoperative parameter measured.

title: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: preoperative determinants of prolonged operative times, conversion to open gastric bypasses, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['yellow-brown livers']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) disease is a much-feared complication of bariatric surgery. The most common unexpected cause of @entity204 in the morbidly @entity28 @entity1 is @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). Recent data supports the expanded use of systemic thrombolytics in hemodynamically stable @entity1 with @entity1151 and echocardiographic evidence of @entity67 . METHODS: We report a morbidly @entity28 28-year-old female who presented with @entity1353 3 weeks following bariatric surgery. The @entity1 developed a submassive @entity1151 , despite being on low molecular weight (LMW) heparin ( @entity16960 ) postoperatively. The @entity1 was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit of an urban community teaching hospital and underwent successful thrombolysis. RESULTS: Although the @entity1 was not @entity551 , she was tachycardic and highly symptomatic. Spiral CT scanning revealed a large saddle @entity887 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed moderate-to-severe acute @entity67 with paradoxical septal motion. The @entity1 was started on i.v. heparin followed by an infusion of alteplase 100 mg i.v. over 2 hours. She had no mental status changes during the infusion or evidence of @entity548 . She had a rapid improvement of her symptoms. Repeat CT scanning revealed marked resolution of the @entity1151 . She was discharged home in excellent condition. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of systemic thrombolysis for a submassive @entity1151 after bariatric surgery in a hemodynamically stable @entity1 with @entity67 . Given the high incidence and morbidity of @entity1211 in this population, and the expanding indications for thrombolytic therapy, successful cases such as these should be documented.

title: Successful thrombolysis of submassive XXXX after bariatric surgery: expanding the indications and addressing the controversies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular (RV) dysfunction', 'RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolic', 'VTE disease', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of sonography in measuring the caudate vein and lobe when diagnosing @entity3181 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included a group of 16 @entity1 with @entity3181 . We compared this @entity1 group with a control group of 40 @entity1 with @entity82 and 66 healthy subjects without @entity409 . On sonography, we measured the diameter of the caudate lobe and the presence and diameter of the caudate vein. These measurements were then compared for both groups. RESULTS: In half of the @entity1 with @entity3181 , sonography showed a visible caudate vein (3-21 mm; mean, 7.3 mm; median, 4.6 mm). However, in the control group, spontaneous visualization was seen in only eight (7.5%) of 106 subjects, none of whom had @entity82 . The caudate lobe was larger in @entity1 with @entity82 than in healthy subjects. Likewise, in @entity1 with @entity3181 , the caudate lobe was larger than that in @entity1 with @entity82 . CONCLUSION: When sonography reveals a caudate vein equal to or larger than 3 mm in diameter in the appropriate clinical setting, one should strongly suspect @entity3181 .

title: Sonography of the caudate vein: value in diagnosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the contribution of @entity1 -centered short-term disutilities and quality-of-life measures in the cost-effectiveness analysis of CT angiography, MR angiography, and conventional angiography in @entity1 with medication-resistant @entity101 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A decision analytic model compared the life expectancy and incremental cost per life year using three initial diagnostic tests in a cohort of hypothetical individuals with medication-resistant @entity101 over a range of @entity2791 probabilities: CT angiography (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 96%; cost,  865); MR angiography (98%, 94%,  850); and conventional angiography (99%, 99%,  2,627). All imaging strategies were compared with a base case scenario mimicking the natural history of medication-resistant @entity101 and with a scenario immediate enhanced medical therapy without prior imaging. Individuals without evidence of @entity2791 on initial testing underwent conventional angiography if enhanced medical therapy failed to control @entity101 . Individuals diagnosed with @entity2791 on MR angiography required conventional angiography for definitive stent treatment ( 11,1223). Blood pressure response to renal artery stenting or enhanced medical therapy varied according to blood pressure, as did the incidence of @entity583 and @entity64 resulting from @entity101 . @entity1 who progressed to @entity454 received dialysis ( 60,000 per year). Quality-of-life adjustments were made for @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity454 , @entity583 , and @entity64 . Short-term disutilities from undergoing an imaging test were included. The analysis accounted for direct costs derived from Medicare reimbursements and total costs derived from the literature. RESULTS: All imaging strategies were cost-effective compared with enhanced medical therapy alone or with natural history. When only direct costs were considered, MR angiography was the preferred strategy, with conventional angiography as a cost-effective alternative to MR angiography. When total costs were considered, conventional angiography dominated all other strategies. Adjusting for quality of life decreased the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, making an already competitive strategy a more favorable alternative to the base case. Adjusting for test-related disutility did not significantly influence the cost-effectiveness of any of the imaging tests. Despite marked variation in the key clinical and cost variables, MR angiography remained the most cost-effective strategy. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation and treatment of medication-resistant @entity101 , strategies that included preliminary imaging saved more lives than did the immediate institution of enhanced medical therapy at a lesser cost.

title: Incorporating XXXX -centered outcomes in the analysis of cost-effectiveness: imaging strategies for renovascular hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: With the current prevalence of @entity378 , the incidence of @entity6550 may be on the rise in industrialized nations. However, clinical findings suggestive of systemic @entity378 are frequently subtle or absent in @entity1 with @entity6550 , and no specific neuroradiologic characteristics of @entity6551 have been defined as yet. We report two cases of ring-enhanced @entity6550 in which magnetic resonance (MR) proton spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging were useful in the differential diagnosis between @entity6551 and other ring-enhanced mass lesions. @entity1907 had been diagnosed in one @entity1 , but radiologic lung study and tuberculin skin test were negative in the other. DW imaging showed bright signal intensity in the core of all lesions in both @entity1 . @entity11 and metastatic @entity1313 do not have this characteristic. Proton MR spectroscopy of lesion cores showed lipid peaks and a @entity1877 peak in one, and a lipid/lactate mixture pattern in the other, which differed distinctively from those of the pyogenic brain abscess. in each case, one lesion was surgically removed. Antituberculosis drugs were started before surgery for one @entity1 and after surgery for the other. In both, the remaining lesions were reduced significantly in size. We discuss the diagnostic potential of these MR techniques and management options of @entity6550 .

title: Proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the diagnosis of XXXX . Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity6550 :: ('MESH:D016862', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6550 :: (MESH:D016862,Disease) :: ['intracranial tuberculomas']