abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with advanced @entity0 have been treated with sequential chemo-hormonotherapy consisting of @entity440 20 mg/day orally for 14 consecutive days, followed by no therapy for ten days, then @entity172 0.625 mg/day orally for three days; the next day @entity1499 200 mg/m2 i.v. and @entity786 600 mg/m2 i.v.; after 24 hours @entity4181 200 mg/m2 i.v. and @entity1487 600 mg/m2 i.v. Fifteen @entity1 were evaluable for response, 22 were evaluable for @entity137 . All but one were heavily pretreated with chemo and/or hormonotherapy. Nine of 15 had previously received palliative CMF ( @entity786 , @entity1499 , @entity1487 ) (mean 9 cycles), and one @entity1 12 cycles adjuvant CMF. Thirteen of 15 previously received @entity440 (median treatment of 18 months). Six @entity1 had multiple metastatic disease, while five had visceral involvement. They were all postmenopausal, with median age 57 years, and median disease-free interval 31 months. ER status was not known and the median ECOG performance status was 1. Overall response rate was 20%. Only one @entity1 attained complete remission; 46.6% were stable disease and 33.3% progressive disease. Accepting that the response rate is very low in pretreated @entity1 , this 20% can be significant. Ninety cycles were administered to 22 @entity1 and the treatment was very well tolerated: both hematologic and nonhematologic @entity137 were mild.

title: Modulated chemo-hormonotherapy in advanced XXXX . A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity840 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity2931 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity3774 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity1871 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity3774 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity3774 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity2931 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1421 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity1871 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity3774 is released into the @entity2670 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and XXXX into the @entity2670 of @entity840 during the oestrous cycle and following @entity2931 treatment.

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['utero-ovarian venous blood']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity840 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity2931 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity3774 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity1871 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity3774 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity3774 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity2931 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1421 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity1871 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity3774 is released into the @entity2670 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and @entity1871 into the @entity2670 of @entity840 during the oestrous cycle and following XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity840 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity2931 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity3774 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity1871 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity3774 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity3774 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity2931 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1421 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity1871 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity3774 is released into the @entity2670 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and @entity1871 into the XXXX of @entity840 during the oestrous cycle and following @entity2931 treatment.

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['utero-ovarian venous blood']


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity840 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity2931 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity3774 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity1871 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity3774 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity3774 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity2931 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1421 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity1871 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity3774 is released into the @entity2670 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and @entity1871 into the @entity2670 of XXXX during the oestrous cycle and following @entity2931 treatment.

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1725 is a clinical entity characterized by @entity843 usually originating from a perforated mucinous @entity5 . Currently optimal therapy is considered complete @entity5 removal (complete cytoreduction) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. When complete cytoreduction is not achievable, major @entity5 debulking is undertaken. The long-term follow-up of @entity1 undergoing surgery for perforated @entity5 in a national @entity1725 center is reported. METHODS: Between March 1994 and July 2009, 456 @entity1 with @entity1725 from perforated @entity5 underwent surgery. The treatment strategy involved a combination of cytoreductve surgery aiming for @entity5 removal, combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity1138 . Where @entity5 removal was not possible, maximal @entity5 debulking was performed. Perioperative outcomes and predicted 5- and 10-year survival are reported. RESULTS: Overall 15 of 456 (3%) @entity5 were not resectable at laparotomy. Of the 441 @entity1 who had resection, 289 (66%) had complete cytoreduction and 152 (34%) had major @entity5 debulking. Postoperative in-hospital mortality was 1.6% and grade 3/4 morbidity was 7%. The Kaplan-Meier method predicted 5- and 10-year overall survival of 69% and 57%, respectively. Five- and 10-year predicted survival was 87% and 74% for the 289 @entity1 who had complete cytoreduction compared with 34% and 23% for the 152 who had major @entity5 debulking. CONCLUSION: @entity5 removal was achieved in 289 of 441 (66%) @entity1 with peritoneal dissemination from perforated @entity5 with good long-term survival and probable cure in more than two-thirds.

title: Operative findings, early complications, and long-term survival in 456 @entity1 with XXXX of appendiceal origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor', 'appendiceal tumor', 'macroscopic tumor', 'appendiceal tumors', 'Complete tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous ascites']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma', 'Pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome', 'pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1725 is a clinical entity characterized by @entity843 usually originating from a perforated mucinous @entity5 . Currently optimal therapy is considered complete @entity5 removal (complete cytoreduction) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. When complete cytoreduction is not achievable, major @entity5 debulking is undertaken. The long-term follow-up of @entity1 undergoing surgery for perforated @entity5 in a national @entity1725 center is reported. METHODS: Between March 1994 and July 2009, 456 @entity1 with @entity1725 from perforated @entity5 underwent surgery. The treatment strategy involved a combination of cytoreductve surgery aiming for @entity5 removal, combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity1138 . Where @entity5 removal was not possible, maximal @entity5 debulking was performed. Perioperative outcomes and predicted 5- and 10-year survival are reported. RESULTS: Overall 15 of 456 (3%) @entity5 were not resectable at laparotomy. Of the 441 @entity1 who had resection, 289 (66%) had complete cytoreduction and 152 (34%) had major @entity5 debulking. Postoperative in-hospital mortality was 1.6% and grade 3/4 morbidity was 7%. The Kaplan-Meier method predicted 5- and 10-year overall survival of 69% and 57%, respectively. Five- and 10-year predicted survival was 87% and 74% for the 289 @entity1 who had complete cytoreduction compared with 34% and 23% for the 152 who had major @entity5 debulking. CONCLUSION: @entity5 removal was achieved in 289 of 441 (66%) @entity1 with peritoneal dissemination from perforated @entity5 with good long-term survival and probable cure in more than two-thirds.

title: Operative findings, early complications, and long-term survival in 456 XXXX with @entity1725 of appendiceal origin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in @entity1 with acute massive lower extremity @entity1150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with acute massive lower extremity @entity1150 were included in this retrospective study. An inferior vena cava filter was placed prophylactically to protect against @entity1151 in each @entity1 . Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was performed using a 7F Amplatz thrombectomy device in an angiography suite through ipsilateral popliteal vein access. Anticoagulant therapy lasted for at least 6 months. Follow-up data included 1 year's color duplex sonography and clinical interviews. RESULTS: Successful placement of an inferior vena cava filter was achieved in all 25 (100%) @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 (88%) were clinically asymptomatic within 24 hours, whereas the remaining 3 @entity1 (12%) showed moderate improvement within 48 hours. Venogram at discharge showed grade III lysis in 23 @entity1 (92%) and grade II lysis in 2 @entity1 (8%). No serious complications were reported during hospitalization in this study. At 1-year follow-up, no recurrent @entity1150 was reported; 1 @entity1 developed a mild @entity2979 . CONCLUSION: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy is a safe and effective treatment for acute massive lower extremity @entity1150 and shows promising clinical mid-term results.

title: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for acute massive lower extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: Treatment of @entity320 @entity1 with adoptively transferred @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has developed into an effective therapy. Various studies reported objective responses of 50% and more. The use of unselected, minimally cultured, bulk TIL (Young-TIL) has simplified the TIL production process and may therefore, allow the accessibility of this approach to @entity5 centers worldwide. This article describes the precise process leading to the large-scale production of Young-TIL for therapy. We have enrolled 55 @entity320 @entity1 and optimized their Young-TIL generation process. Young-TIL cultures were successfully established for 51 of 55 (93%) @entity1 in 16.7    5.5 days. In a large-scale expansion procedure Young-TIL of 32 @entity1 were further expanded to treatment levels, resulting in a final number of 4.5 x 10         2.0 x 10      TIL. Fifteen of 31 (48%) @entity1 , who were evaluated, achieved a clinical response, including 4 complete and 11 partial responses. We confirmed the significant correlation between short culture duration, high number of infused cells, and @entity5 regression. A high percentage of @entity405 T cells in the infusion product was beneficial to achieve an objective response. All responding @entity1 were treated with Young-TIL cultures established in < 20 days. In summary, we describe here an efficient and reliable method to generate Young-TIL for adoptive transfer therapy, which may easily be adopted by other @entity5 centers and can lead to objective responses in 50% of refractory @entity320 @entity1 . In the future this approach may be used also in other types of @entity5 .

title: Establishment and large-scale expansion of minimally cultured "young" XXXX infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive transfer therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Surgery is the standard treatment for @entity1 in the chronic phase of @entity545 . Reconstructive surgeries function by either shortening the convex side of the tunica albuginea (Nesbit procedure, Yachia technique and penile plication) or lengthening the concave side by incision of the plaque with subsequent grafting. Tunical shortening procedures are ideal for @entity1 with good erectile capacity, penile curvatures less than 60   and predicted postprocedural length loss of less than 20% of erect penis length. Tunical lengthening procedures with grafting are indicated in @entity1 with severe penile length loss, curvatures greater than 60   and prominent hourglass deformities. Saphenous vein and tunica albuginea are the most commonly used autologous graft materials. Cadaveric or @entity291 pericardium and 4-layer small intestinal submucosa are promising nonautologous tissues. Penile implantation of a prosthesis is the standard procedure in @entity1 with @entity323 who do not respond to conservative treatment. If residual penile curvature is less than 30   after implantation, no further treatment is required. However, residual curve of greater than 30   can be straightened with manual modeling. Additional procedures such as penile plication, the Nesbit procedure, or grafting can be performed if modeling fails to correct the @entity85 .

title: Current status of the surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['residual deformity']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: The balanced action of both pre- and postsynaptic organizers regulates the formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). The precise mechanisms that control the regional specialization of @entity934 receptor (AChR) aggregation, guide ingrowing axons and contribute to correct synaptic patterning are unknown. Synaptic activity is of central importance and to understand synaptogenesis, it is necessary to distinguish between activity-dependent and activity-independent processes. By engineering a mutated fetal AChR subunit, we used homologous recombination to develop a @entity19 line that expresses AChR with massively reduced open probability during embryonic development. Through histological and immunochemical methods as well as electrophysiological techniques, we observed that endplate anatomy and distribution are severely aberrant and innervation patterns are completely disrupted. Nonetheless, in the absence of activity AChRs form postsynaptic specializations attracting motor axons and permitting generation of multiple nerve/muscle contacts on individual fibers. This process is not restricted to a specialized central zone of the diaphragm and proceeds throughout embryonic development. Phenotypes can be attributed to separate activity-dependent and -independent pathways. The correct patterning of synaptic connections, prevention of multiple contacts and control of nerve growth require AChR-mediated activity. In contrast, myotube survival and @entity934 -mediated dispersal of AChRs are maintained even in the absence of AChR-mediated activity. Because @entity19 models in which @entity934 is entirely absent do not display similar effects, we conclude that @entity934 binding to the AChR initiates activity-dependent and activity-independent pathways whereby the AChR modulates formation of the NMJ.

title: Novel XXXX model reveals distinct activity-dependent and -independent contributions to synapse development.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The mitotic checkpoint functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation by regulating the progression from metaphase to anaphase. Once the checkpoint has been satisfied, it is inactivated in order to allow the cell to proceed into anaphase and complete the cell cycle. The minus end-directed microtubule motor dynein/dynactin has been implicated in the silencing of the mitotic checkpoint by "stripping" checkpoint proteins off kinetochores. A recent study suggested that @entity2604 ( @entity2605 ) stimulates dynein/dynactin-mediated transport of its cargo including @entity18374 ( @entity18374 ). We analyzed the effects of @entity2605 on dynein/dynactin dependent transport of the RZZ ( @entity18374 , Roughdeal, @entity72883 ) complex as well as other kinetochore components from kinetochores to spindle poles. Through this approach we have catalogued several kinetochore and centromere components as dynein/dynactin cargo. These include @entity18374 , @entity72883 , @entity23506 , @entity72884 , @entity20400 , @entity2536 , @entity38451 , @entity19136 , cyclin-B and @entity72885 . Furthermore, we found that treatment with @entity2605 induced a robust accumulation and complete stabilization of @entity18374 at spindle poles. This finding suggests that @entity2605 may not induce dynein/dynactin transport but rather interfere with cargo release. Lastly, we determined that @entity2605 induced accumulation of checkpoint proteins at the poles requires dynein/dynactin-mediated transport, @entity18374 kinetochore localization and kinetochore-microtubule attachments but not tension or Aurora B kinase activity.

title: Dynein/Dynactin-mediated transport of kinetochore components off kinetochores and onto spindle poles induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2604 :: ('MESH:D009637', 'Chemical') :: ['Nordihydroguaiaretic acid']

answer: @entity2604 :: (MESH:D009637,Chemical) :: ['nordihydroguaiaretic acid']


abstract: We reported a case of a 76-year-female with @entity9058 caused by military @entity378 . The @entity1 had complained high fever over 38.0 degrees C and @entity448 . Her chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed disseminated miliary shadows in both lung fields. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity417 , @entity882 and @entity409 . Bonemarrow aspirate revealed @entity378 and tubercle bacilli by acid-fast stains, and hemophagocytosis by macrophages. We diagnosed as @entity9758 and @entity378 -associated @entity9058 , and started antituberculous and @entity134 therapy. After these therapy, fever, laboratory examinations dramatically improved. In this case, serum @entity8923 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 were elevated. These cytokines and adhesion molecules were reported to elevate in both @entity9058 and @entity378 correlating with disease activity. We conclude that @entity8923 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 may play important roles in pathogenesis of @entity378 associated @entity9058 .

title: [A case of XXXX associated with @entity9758 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9758 :: ('MESH:D014391', 'Disease') :: ['miliary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous granulomas', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']


abstract: We reported a case of a 76-year-female with @entity9058 caused by military @entity378 . The @entity1 had complained high fever over 38.0 degrees C and @entity448 . Her chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed disseminated miliary shadows in both lung fields. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity417 , @entity882 and @entity409 . Bonemarrow aspirate revealed @entity378 and tubercle bacilli by acid-fast stains, and hemophagocytosis by macrophages. We diagnosed as @entity9758 and @entity378 -associated @entity9058 , and started antituberculous and @entity134 therapy. After these therapy, fever, laboratory examinations dramatically improved. In this case, serum @entity8923 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 were elevated. These cytokines and adhesion molecules were reported to elevate in both @entity9058 and @entity378 correlating with disease activity. We conclude that @entity8923 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 may play important roles in pathogenesis of @entity378 associated @entity9058 .

title: [A case of @entity9058 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity9758 :: (MESH:D014391,Disease) :: ['miliary tuberculosis']


abstract: Apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity741 (CMI) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ). @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) is one of the newly defined signaling pathways which initiate apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity712 induced by pressure-overload and acute @entity583 . Also, in  vitro experiments have proved that @entity63 is a strong stimulus of @entity1642 . This study aimed to demonstrate whether @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of CMI-induced @entity712 . We established a @entity712 model induced by CMI in mini @entity1707 via placement of an ameroid constrictor around the proximal anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). Furthermore, we used myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements, @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick-end labeling staining to identify the existence of @entity741 and @entity299 and of enhanced apoptosis in the @entity63 heart. We performed immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR to analyze the hallmark of @entity1642 @entity413 -regulated protein 78 ( @entity69809 ). The @entity1642 -associated apoptotic pathways, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase  1 ( @entity19422 ) were also examined. We found that all three of these pathways were activated and that @entity69809 protein and mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in the myocardium of @entity712 mini @entity1707 induced by CMI. These results suggest that @entity1642 is present in the CMI-induced @entity712 @entity1707 model, and that @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 induced by CMI.

title: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in a XXXX model induced by chronic @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Endoplasmic reticulum stress', 'ERS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity741 (CMI) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ). @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) is one of the newly defined signaling pathways which initiate apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity712 induced by pressure-overload and acute @entity583 . Also, in  vitro experiments have proved that @entity63 is a strong stimulus of @entity1642 . This study aimed to demonstrate whether @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of CMI-induced @entity712 . We established a @entity712 model induced by CMI in mini @entity1707 via placement of an ameroid constrictor around the proximal anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). Furthermore, we used myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements, @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick-end labeling staining to identify the existence of @entity741 and @entity299 and of enhanced apoptosis in the @entity63 heart. We performed immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR to analyze the hallmark of @entity1642 @entity413 -regulated protein 78 ( @entity69809 ). The @entity1642 -associated apoptotic pathways, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase  1 ( @entity19422 ) were also examined. We found that all three of these pathways were activated and that @entity69809 protein and mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in the myocardium of @entity712 mini @entity1707 induced by CMI. These results suggest that @entity1642 is present in the CMI-induced @entity712 @entity1707 model, and that @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 induced by CMI.

title: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in a @entity712 model induced by chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes that are composed of a repetitive G rich sequence and telomeric binding proteins. Telomeres prevent the degradation of chromosomal ends and protect against inappropriate recombination. Telomere @entity6661 involves a @entity5 suppressor pathway that limits the replication of premalignant cells. The loss of telomeric DNA with each round of replication leads to growth arrest accompanied by senescence or apoptosis. Many @entity5 cells activate the telomerase gene to bypass senescence. Telomerase is a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein that uses an RNA template to catalyze the addition of telomeric DNA to chromosomal ends. Overexpression of the @entity2215 subunit leads to telomere lengthening and extension of the replicative lifespan. @entity549 has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity in many @entity5 cell lines, and this is associated with @entity3207 and apoptosis. Additionally, pharmacological telomerase inhibitors have been developed which lead to progressive @entity3207 and programmed cell death. In this study, we report a series of @entity1 @entity957 cell lines that have high telomerase activity and short telomeres. @entity549 expression and pharmacological telomerase inhibition failed to completely inhibit enzymatic activity which was accompanied by the lack of @entity3207 . These cells continued to proliferate and demonstrated fewer responsive genes when treated with a pharmacological telomerase inhibitor. We concluded that some @entity1 @entity957 cell lines are resistant to telomerase inhibition.

title: Resistance to telomerase inhibition by @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['Dominant-negative telomerase']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['telomere shortening']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes that are composed of a repetitive G rich sequence and telomeric binding proteins. Telomeres prevent the degradation of chromosomal ends and protect against inappropriate recombination. Telomere @entity6661 involves a @entity5 suppressor pathway that limits the replication of premalignant cells. The loss of telomeric DNA with each round of replication leads to growth arrest accompanied by senescence or apoptosis. Many @entity5 cells activate the telomerase gene to bypass senescence. Telomerase is a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein that uses an RNA template to catalyze the addition of telomeric DNA to chromosomal ends. Overexpression of the @entity2215 subunit leads to telomere lengthening and extension of the replicative lifespan. @entity549 has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity in many @entity5 cell lines, and this is associated with @entity3207 and apoptosis. Additionally, pharmacological telomerase inhibitors have been developed which lead to progressive @entity3207 and programmed cell death. In this study, we report a series of @entity1 @entity957 cell lines that have high telomerase activity and short telomeres. @entity549 expression and pharmacological telomerase inhibition failed to completely inhibit enzymatic activity which was accompanied by the lack of @entity3207 . These cells continued to proliferate and demonstrated fewer responsive genes when treated with a pharmacological telomerase inhibitor. We concluded that some @entity1 @entity957 cell lines are resistant to telomerase inhibition.

title: Resistance to telomerase inhibition by XXXX @entity957 cell lines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity7173 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity7173 or IV) with @entity7173 @entity1311 or @entity3003 in a @entity19 model of @entity43 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity7173 dosing, and @entity19 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity1311 , @entity7173 @entity1311 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity3003 , and @entity7173 @entity3003 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity204 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity7173 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity19 , was increased by 24% with @entity7173 @entity1311 . @entity7173 @entity3003 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity7173 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity1311 was superior to @entity1311 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity7173 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity3003 was superior to @entity3003 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity7173 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity7173 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity1311 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity3003 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity7173 administration to @entity19 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity7173 @entity3003 or @entity1311 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity19 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity7173 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal XXXX or @entity1311 therapy in a @entity19 model of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity7173 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity7173 or IV) with @entity7173 @entity1311 or @entity3003 in a @entity19 model of @entity43 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity7173 dosing, and @entity19 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity1311 , @entity7173 @entity1311 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity3003 , and @entity7173 @entity3003 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity204 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity7173 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity19 , was increased by 24% with @entity7173 @entity1311 . @entity7173 @entity3003 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity7173 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity1311 was superior to @entity1311 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity7173 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity3003 was superior to @entity3003 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity7173 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity7173 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity1311 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity3003 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity7173 administration to @entity19 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity7173 @entity3003 or @entity1311 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity19 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity7173 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal @entity3003 or XXXX therapy in a @entity19 model of @entity43 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity7173 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity7173 or IV) with @entity7173 @entity1311 or @entity3003 in a @entity19 model of @entity43 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity7173 dosing, and @entity19 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity1311 , @entity7173 @entity1311 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity3003 , and @entity7173 @entity3003 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity204 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity7173 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity19 , was increased by 24% with @entity7173 @entity1311 . @entity7173 @entity3003 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity7173 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity1311 was superior to @entity1311 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity7173 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity3003 was superior to @entity3003 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity7173 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity7173 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity1311 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity3003 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity7173 administration to @entity19 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity7173 @entity3003 or @entity1311 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity19 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity7173 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal @entity3003 or @entity1311 therapy in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity7173 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity7173 or IV) with @entity7173 @entity1311 or @entity3003 in a @entity19 model of @entity43 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity7173 dosing, and @entity19 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity1311 , @entity7173 @entity1311 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity3003 , and @entity7173 @entity3003 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity204 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity7173 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity19 , was increased by 24% with @entity7173 @entity1311 . @entity7173 @entity3003 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity7173 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity1311 was superior to @entity1311 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity7173 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity3003 was superior to @entity3003 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity7173 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity7173 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity1311 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity3003 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity7173 administration to @entity19 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity7173 @entity3003 or @entity1311 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity19 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity7173 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal @entity3003 or @entity1311 therapy in a XXXX model of @entity43 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: There has been little attention paid to the persistence of the pulse following complete forearm arterial transection, and we found no report that has established the etiology or frequency of this phenomenon. Eighteen @entity1 with documented complete radial or ulnar artery transections were evaluated. Nine of the 18 @entity1 had persistently palpable pulse distal to the transections. Seven of the pulses were due to retrograde flow and two were due to transmission from the proximal arterial stump or large collaterals. The Allen test was accurate in demonstrating @entity432 in each case. Digital compression of the intact artery eliminated the pulse in those cases due to retrograde flow. Documentation of flow direction and collateral vessels was performed with the Doppler directional velocity meter. The fallibility of the peripheral pulse following complete @entity1317 is stressed. The Allen test, digital compression of the intact artery, and Doppler studies should be performed on @entity1 with suspected @entity1317 . The exploration of all wounds in the region of major arteries from which profuse @entity548 has occurred is recommended.

title: The peripheral pulse following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury', 'arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity29409 is a progressive and often fatal @entity99 caused by a mutation in the @entity22992 ( @entity22992 ) gene involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. OBJECTIVE: We report on eight successive cases from five families. METHODS: Our analysis consisted of case series reports and literature search. RESULTS: The eight @entity1 were from five extended families, all with clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Seven were confirmed by @entity22992 sequence analysis and one died before testing was possible. We observed that whereas the five females presented with advanced @entity99 at the onset of @entity16 , the three males had normal hepatic function well after presentation, with progressive @entity16 . Two of the three males are distant relatives; two of the five females were sisters of two male @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Most authors report the coexistence of both @entity99 at the onset of @entity29409 . It is unusual that all three males in our series had no signs of @entity409 but had advanced neurological signs. CONCLUSION: Initial manifestations in @entity29409 may be gender specific. In males, the condition should be considered in @entity1 with @entity410 and @entity75 , even in the absence of @entity99 .

title: Gender variability in presentation with XXXX : a report of eight @entity1 from the UAE.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity22992 :: ('5428', 'Gene') :: ['polymerase gamma', 'POLG']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms', 'neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity29409 :: ('OMIM:203700', 'Disease') :: ["Alpers' syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease', 'cerebral and hepatic degeneration', 'hepatic and cerebral disease']

answer: @entity29409 :: (OMIM:203700,Disease) :: ['Alpers' syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity29409 is a progressive and often fatal @entity99 caused by a mutation in the @entity22992 ( @entity22992 ) gene involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. OBJECTIVE: We report on eight successive cases from five families. METHODS: Our analysis consisted of case series reports and literature search. RESULTS: The eight @entity1 were from five extended families, all with clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Seven were confirmed by @entity22992 sequence analysis and one died before testing was possible. We observed that whereas the five females presented with advanced @entity99 at the onset of @entity16 , the three males had normal hepatic function well after presentation, with progressive @entity16 . Two of the three males are distant relatives; two of the five females were sisters of two male @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Most authors report the coexistence of both @entity99 at the onset of @entity29409 . It is unusual that all three males in our series had no signs of @entity409 but had advanced neurological signs. CONCLUSION: Initial manifestations in @entity29409 may be gender specific. In males, the condition should be considered in @entity1 with @entity410 and @entity75 , even in the absence of @entity99 .

title: Gender variability in presentation with @entity29409 : a report of eight XXXX from the UAE.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Smoking is an independent risk factor for the initiation, extent and severity of @entity2520 . This study examined the ability of the host immune system to discriminate commensal oral bacteria from pathogens at mucosal surfaces, i.e. oral cavity. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody reactive with three pathogenic and five commensal oral bacteria in 301 current smokers (age range 21-66 years) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical features of periodontal health were used as measures of @entity2521 . Antibody to the pathogens and salivary @entity4874 levels were related positively to disease severity; however, the antibody levels were best described by the clinical disease unrelated to the amount of smoking. The data showed a greater immune response to pathogens than commensals that was related specifically to disease extent, and most noted in black males. Significant correlations in individual @entity1 responses to the pathogens and commensals were lost with an increasing extent of @entity2521 and serum antibody to the pathogens. Antibody to @entity2523 was particularly distinct with respect to the discriminatory nature of the immune responses in recognizing the pathogens. Antibody responses to selected pathogenic and commensal oral microorganisms differed among racial groups and genders. The antibody response to the pathogens was related to disease severity. The level of antibody to the pathogens, and in particular @entity2523 , was correlated with disease severity in black and male subsets of @entity1 . The amount of smoking did not appear to impact directly serum antibody levels to these oral bacteria.

title: Smoking and XXXX : discrimination of antibody responses to pathogenic and commensal oral bacteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genes @entity5873 and @entity17608 have certain functional SNPs that are related to @entity988 . The frequencies of these polymorphisms vary between populations, so studying them in populations made up of groups with different phylogeographic origins requires an individualized analysis of each group. In the Basque Country, various recently arrived foreign groups live side by side with the original Southern European population, particularly North Africans from Morocco and Hispanics from Ecuador. This study sets out to examine the distribution of the frequencies of alleles that encode @entity167 dehydrogenase with different metabolization rates, as higher rates make for greater susceptibility to @entity988 . METHODS: Four SNPs: @entity30803 , @entity72886 , @entity72887 , and @entity72888 using Taqman technology with a Rt-PCR were studied in a sample of 114 European individuals originating from the Basque Country, 100 North Africans from Morocco, and 109 Hispanics from Ecuador. The allele and genotype frequencies were calculated using Genepop v4.0. The most frequent haplotypes were estimated using the ELB algorithm with Arlequin v3.01. A breakdown of the complete disequilibrium commonly observed between the 2 missense polymorphisms that distinguish the common @entity17608 alleles @entity72887 and @entity72888 was observed and confirmed by sequencing in 2 individuals from the Basque Country. RESULTS: A higher frequency of protective allele @entity17608 *1 was found in the North African population group. Haplotype combinations are also studied, and the rare association of alleles @entity5873 *2- @entity17608 *2 was observed in the Southern European group in the Basque Country, along with an allele not hitherto described in the @entity17608 locus. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first data published on the allele and genotype frequencies of the @entity17608 locus in the Moroccan population and on the @entity5873 and @entity17608 loci in the Ecuadorian population. The study shows differences in the distribution of the frequency of allele @entity17608 *1 between the Basque Country and Moroccan populations, and a new allele not described to date.

title: XXXX -metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms in the Basque Country, Morocco, and Ecuador.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: We aim to determine the profile and determinants of outcome of @entity1661 in southeastern Nigeria. We prospectively analyzed 115 @entity1 with @entity1661 managed at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, from January 2008 to June 2009. The emergencies were typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) 22 (19.1%), intussusception 20 (17.4%), obstructed @entity547 17 (14.8%), neonatal intestinal obstruction 11 (9.6%), @entity698 11 (9.6%), @entity130 8 (6.9%), ruptured omphalocele/ @entity6675 8 (6.9%), @entity1963 7 (6.1%), @entity72889 (6.1%), and malrotation 4 (3.5%). The mean time to diagnosis was 3.5 days (range, 4 hours to 12 days). Ninety-three cases had an emergency operation, while 22 were managed nonoperatively. After a mean hospital stay of 10.8 days (range, 2-38 days), 35 (37.6%) of the operated @entity1 had one or more @entity260 . There were 10 (8.7%) deaths. Overall, TIP had a higher postoperative complication rate (P < 0.001), while neonates had a higher mortality (P < 0.001). Delayed presentation and lack of neonatal and pediatric intensive care facilities were daunting challenges. A pediatric abdominal surgical emergency in our setting has high morbidity and mortality. Efforts geared towards improvement in time to diagnosis and perioperative care may result in better outcomes.

title: Profile of XXXX in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal surgical emergencies', 'pediatric abdominal surgical emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity72889 :: ('MESH:C565353', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive bowel obstruction 7']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['pediatric abdominal surgical emergencies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a new instrument (the Craniofacial Experiences Questionnaire, CFEQ) to measure both stressors and positive aspects of living with a @entity2122 from adolescent and parent perspectives, and to examine its validity and reliability. A secondary aim was to explore experiences reported according to age, gender, and diagnosis. DESIGN: Self-report and parent report questionnaires (CFEQ, Youth Self Report [YSR], @entity1 Behavior Checklist [CBCL], Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale [BERS]) were completed by adolescents with congenital craniofacial conditions and their parents. @entity1 : Fifty adolescents with craniofacial conditions and 55 of their parents. RESULTS: Internal reliability of the stressor and positive aspects scales was acceptable (.81 to .92) but was lower for some stressor subscales (.50-.86). Higher stressor scale scores were related to poorer adjustment (CBCL r = .55, YSR r = .37). There were no consistent differences in the stressful or positive experiences of young @entity1 with craniofacial conditions according to gender or age. There were no differences in stressors reported according to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The CFEQ shows promise as a clinical and research tool for investigating the stressors and positive experiences of young @entity1 with craniofacial conditions. Consistent with the literature on chronic pediatric conditions, there were few differences in experiences of young @entity1 according to diagnosis. Furthermore, the lack of gender or age differences supports the need for clinicians to comprehensively assess the experiences of young @entity1 regardless of demographic variables.

title: Living with a XXXX : development of the Craniofacial Experiences Questionnaire (CFEQ) for adolescents and their parents.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial condition']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'Child']

answer: @entity2122 :: (MESH:D019465,Disease) :: ['craniofacial condition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal was to examine differences in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses to non-surgical mechanical therapy in @entity1 with generalized @entity7278 (GCP) and generalized aggressive @entity2521 (GAgP). METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with GCP and 14 @entity1 with GAgP were evaluated. Clinical data, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and @entity527 samples were collected at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Levels of 40 subgingival species were measured using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. GCF interleukin (IL)-1b, -4, and -8 and interferon-y (IFN-y) were analyzed using a multiplexed bead immunoassay, and elastase activity was measured using an enzymatic assay. The significance of changes with time was examined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Changes in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic parameters after therapy were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: After periodontal therapy, we found significant improvements for all clinical parameters in both groups. We also observed significant reductions in elastase activity in shallow and deep sites from the GAgP group and in deep sites from the GCP group. Microbiologic data showed significant reductions in proportions of orange and red complexes and an increase in proportions of Actinomyces species in both clinical groups. When the clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses after therapy were compared between groups, only minor differences were found. CONCLUSION: This study fails to show any significant differences between severe forms of GCP and GAgP in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment.

title: Effect of non-surgical treatment on chronic and aggressive XXXX : clinical, immunologic, and microbiologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diffuse sclerosing variant of @entity3557 (DSPC) is a relatively rare variant of @entity3557 . Large studies of @entity1 with DSPC have been infrequently performed, and controversy still exists concerning some DSPC features and outcomes. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathologic features and outcomes in a series of 34 consecutive @entity1 with DSPC and to compare them with a larger group of 245 consecutive @entity1 with the classic variant of @entity3557 (cPTC) that were evaluated in the same period. @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical and histological features (sex, age, @entity5 size,multifocality, bilaterality, extra thyroid extension, and local and distant metastases) were recorded in all @entity1 , as well as any persistent or recurrent disease and the @entity1 ' disease status at last observation. @entity1 with cPTC were classified as either low (122) or high risk (123). DSPC and high-risk @entity1 were all treated with the same protocol, including       I treatment. All @entity1 were included in a Cox regression model analysis to investigate the effect of each variable on the hazard ratio. RESULTS: As expected, multifocality, bilaterality, and extra thyroid extension were more frequently noted at presentation, and the @entity2558 category of TNM classification was less frequently noted in DSPC and high-risk @entity1 with cPTC compared with low-risk @entity1 with cPTC. No significant difference was found between @entity1 with DSPC and those with high-risk cPTC, except that extra thyroid extension was found more frequently in the @entity1 with DSPC. Using multivariate analysis, diffuse sclerosing variant was an independent variable for predicting a high risk of persistent and recurrent disease during initial follow-up. However, at a later time, and after further treatment, the disease status was not different between @entity1 with DSPC and those with high-risk cPTC, and only the presence of distant metastases affected the final outcome. CONCLUSIONS: DSPC is a @entity3557 variant characterized by high @entity146 . In @entity1 with DSPC, the outcome is worse than in @entity1 with low-risk cPTC; and, at presentation, characteristics are somewhat worse than for @entity1 with high-risk cPTC.At medium term, the outcome is similar to that observed in @entity1 with high-risk cPTC, provided aggressive treatment is used (additional surgical intervention, when required, and/or       I radiotherapy).

title: A diffuse sclerosing variant of XXXX : clinical and pathologic features and outcomes of 34 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'papillary thyroid cancer', 'thyroid papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: 1. Serum, peripheral and thoracic lymph concentrations of @entity2890 , @entity8911 and @entity4509 were determined at various time intervals up to 6 hours following intramuscular administration of 4 mg/kg to dogs. Peak serum concentrations of each antibacterial agents occurred within one hour after administration. The peak lymphatic concentrations occurred in 1.5 approximately 2 hours after administration. Following peak peripheral lymph concentration, the concentration in peripheral lymph exceeded than that of serum. The concentrations of each antibacterial agent in thoracic lymph were nearly equal to serum concentration. Peak peripheral lymph concentrations were always lower than the peak serum concentrations. 2. Serum and pancreatic fluid concentrations of @entity2890 , @entity8911 and @entity4509 were determined at various time intervals up to 6 hours following intramuscular administration of 4 mg/kg to @entity235 . Peak pancreatic fluid concentrations of each antibacterial agents occurred within 1.5 hours after administration. The concentrations rate of @entity2890 to the pancreatic fluid was superior to those of @entity8911 and @entity4509 .

title: [The distribution of aminoglycoside antibiotics into the lymph and pancreatic fluid in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity8911 :: ('MESH:D003982', 'Chemical') :: ['dibekacin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Immunosuppressive agents increase the vulnerability of solid organ transplant @entity1 to @entity1292 . An atypical clinical presentation of a @entity2348 makes diagnosis and treatment even more challenging in this population. A 54-year-old @entity101 @entity1 underwent a cadaveric kidney transplant after years on hemodialysis. Her treatment included @entity6051 , @entity1140 , and @entity229 . By post-transplant week 8, she had @entity55 followed by progressive @entity410 . Diagnostic work-up, consisting of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and chest x-ray, showed several cerebral ring-enhancing lesions, and a pulmonary cavitary lesion. @entity7180 was suspected and therapy was started. Skin biopsy was taken from a nodular lesion and culture confirmed @entity7180 . During hospitalization, @entity51 persisted with worsening of @entity75 . She underwent excision of a @entity867 and the final pathologic report showed mucormycosis, revealing the @entity1 's co-infection by 2 different pathogens. After therapy with liposomal @entity2379 and @entity7143 , she has remained stable for more than 1 year. @entity7180 masked and delayed the diagnosis and treatment of a more @entity146 and worrisome organism. @entity2583 , as a non-fatal isolated @entity867 without rhinal involvement, is an atypical presentation, and only a few cases have been reported.

title: XXXX masking an atypical zygomycosis presentation in a kidney transplant recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['visual changes and seizures']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal co-infection']

entities_list: @entity7180 :: ('MESH:D009617', 'Disease') :: ['Nocardia species infection', 'Disseminated nocardiosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity7180 :: (MESH:D009617,Disease) :: ['Disseminated nocardiosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the posterior vitreous adhesion status in @entity1 with a history of central or branch @entity2994 and to compare the results with the natural time-course of posterior vitreous detachment in healthy age-related controls. METHODS: A retrospective chart review in terms of the posterior vitreous adhesion status was performed in 132 @entity1 (133 eyes) with a history of a central (CRVO) or branch (BRVO) @entity2994 . All @entity1 underwent vitrectomy. Based on the operation reports, the vitreous adhesion status was classified as attached, partially detached or completely detached. The results were compared to the natural time-course of posterior vitreous detachment development in healthy age-related controls. RESULTS: Eighty-one eyes met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty-two eyes (64%) had a history of CRVO and 29 eyes (36%) a history of BRVO, respectively. In the CRVO group, the posterior vitreous was attached in 47 eyes (90%) and completely detached in five eyes (10%). In the BRVO group, the posterior vitreous was attached in 27 eyes (93%), partially detached in 1 eye (3%) and completely detached in another eye (3%). A subdivision into age classes and a comparison with healthy age-related controls [data by Weber-Krause _ Eckardt (1997) Ophthalmologe, 94, 619-623] showed in @entity1 between 65 and 69 years of age an attached posterior vitreous cortex in 72% in healthy eyes, in 100% in CRVO (p = 0.109) and in 89% in BRVO (p = 0.440), in @entity1 between 70 and 79 years of age an attached posterior vitreous cortex in 56% in healthy eyes, in 86% in CRVO (p = 0.010) and in 100% in BRVO (p = 0.038) and in @entity1 between 80 and 89 years of age an attached posterior vitreous cortex in 43% in healthy eyes, in 100% in CRVO (p = 0.191) and in 67% in BRVO (p = 0.582) (Fisher's exact t-test). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with a history of CRVO or BRVO, the posterior vitreous cortex stays attached more frequently in all age groups in comparison with the healthy age-related controls.

title: The vitreomacular interface in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: AIM: To conduct a detailed analysis of @entity3681 sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons. METHODS: Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated @entity130 . A specific @entity130 was used together with a weekly form that documented each club's current @entity130 . RESULTS: @entity130 records for the two competitive seasons were obtained from 87% and 76% of the participating clubs. Ankle ligament @entity6475 accounted for 11% of the total injuries over the two seasons, with over three quarters (77%) of @entity6475 involving the lateral ligament complex. A total of 12 138 days and 2033 matches were missed because of @entity3681 . More @entity6475 were caused by contact mechanisms than non-contact mechanisms (59% v 39%) except in goalkeepers who sustained more non-contact @entity6475 (21% v 79%, p<0.01). @entity3681 were most often observed during tackles (54%). More @entity3681 were sustained in matches than in training (66% v 33%), with nearly half (48%) observed during the last third of each half of matches. A total of 44% of @entity6475 occurred during the first three months of the season. A high number of players (32%) who sustained @entity3681 were wearing some form of external support. The recurrence rate for @entity3681 was 9% (see methodology for definition of reinjury). CONCLUSION: Ankle ligament @entity6475 are common in football usually involving the lateral ligament complex. The high rate of occurrence and recurrence indicates that prevention is of paramount importance.

title: The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury status', 'Completed injury', 'injury audit questionnaire', 'player injuries']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprains', 'Ankle sprains']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle sprains']


abstract: Between May 22 and 28, 1978, 372 adult male Melanesians consumed a solution of 82% @entity1042 and 18% @entity5723 . One hundred and eighteen @entity1 were admitted to hospital and a further 251 subjects were treated as outpatients. Eighteen @entity1 died. Fourteen of the survivors were blind initially, but only four failed to recover some vision. Diffuse @entity75 with @entity12911 and @entity303 occurred in four @entity1 , two of whom remained permanently blind. Estimated quantities of undiluted spirit consumed varied from 25 mL to 750 mL (mean, 100 mL), and symptoms developed on average 30 hours after consumption. A disparity between the amounts of solution consumed and the sequelae was frequently noted. Blindness and @entity204 followed the ingestion of 100 mL in one case, while in two other cases, over 500 mL produced no apparent disability. On investigation, it was established that the mixture had been sold by a local pharmacy in the mistaken belief that it was methylated spirits. Regular consumption of methylated spirits by many adult male Melanesians has been a common practice in east New Britain for many years. The difficulties of managing an outbreak of poisoning of this magnitude in the context of a developing country are discussed.

title: Outbreak of @entity1042 and XXXX poisoning in New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12911 :: ('MESH:D020828', 'Disease') :: ['residual pseudobulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

answer: @entity5723 :: (MESH:D019840,Chemical) :: ['isopropanol']


abstract: Between May 22 and 28, 1978, 372 adult male Melanesians consumed a solution of 82% @entity1042 and 18% @entity5723 . One hundred and eighteen @entity1 were admitted to hospital and a further 251 subjects were treated as outpatients. Eighteen @entity1 died. Fourteen of the survivors were blind initially, but only four failed to recover some vision. Diffuse @entity75 with @entity12911 and @entity303 occurred in four @entity1 , two of whom remained permanently blind. Estimated quantities of undiluted spirit consumed varied from 25 mL to 750 mL (mean, 100 mL), and symptoms developed on average 30 hours after consumption. A disparity between the amounts of solution consumed and the sequelae was frequently noted. Blindness and @entity204 followed the ingestion of 100 mL in one case, while in two other cases, over 500 mL produced no apparent disability. On investigation, it was established that the mixture had been sold by a local pharmacy in the mistaken belief that it was methylated spirits. Regular consumption of methylated spirits by many adult male Melanesians has been a common practice in east New Britain for many years. The difficulties of managing an outbreak of poisoning of this magnitude in the context of a developing country are discussed.

title: Outbreak of XXXX and @entity5723 poisoning in New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['methanol']


abstract: We investigated sequence-learning skills in 64 @entity1 with @entity306 (aged 4.01-14.7 years; 49 with bilateral, two with @entity3520 , and 13 with @entity306 ), compared with a matched control group of typically developing @entity1 . @entity1 ' motor and handling abilities were classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the Manual Ability Classification System. General cognitive, visuoperceptual, and constructive abilities were assessed. @entity1 performed an experimental computerized version of Corsi Span, followed by a normalized Supraspan sequence. Controls outperformed @entity306 @entity1 in visual memory and accuracy. @entity1 with @entity306 were likelier to fail the test ( @entity306 , 37.5%; control subjects, 5%) and obtain overall lower scores. Sequence learning skills were not related to @entity73 . Failure to learn sequences resulted in an overall lower functioning profile regarding visuoperceptual, verbal, and performance abilities. The ability to @entity4682 sequences seemed to split the @entity306 group into an overall high-functioning group (successful in sequence learning) and low-functioning (failing) group. Results are discussed in light of a specific implicit @entity2414 and the abnormal development of white matter frontostriatal and parietal connections.

title: Sequence learning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor and handling impairments']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: @entity6713 are a common source of anorectal symptoms, which are determined by their size. A helpful measure in small @entity6713 is a high-fiber diet; in moderate lesions, ligature therapy is effective. Surgery should be reserved for large @entity6713 . @entity12395 , probably caused by @entity130 to the anal canal during defecation, may persist because of a cycle of hard stools, @entity158 , and reflex @entity2473 . A high-fiber diet and sitz baths relieve acute fissures. Lateral partial internal sphincterotomy is usually effective when they become chronic. @entity733 is often caused by @entity697 ; @entity292 is the result of @entity281 . @entity4 and induration may be present. @entity158 is throbbing and continuous, and perianal examination may require use of an anesthetic. Incision and drainage with follow-up to ensure resolution of @entity281 is required. @entity111 ani may result from several contributing conditions or may be idiopathic. Restoration of dry, intact perianal skin is the treatment goal. @entity1 should be taught gentle hygiene and drying methods and advised to avoid @entity5834 or other dietary items that seem to exacerbate symptoms. Condylomata acuminata cause @entity548 and @entity158 if allowed to progress. Biopsy should be considered in @entity1 at risk of @entity1141 . Repeated application of caustic topical agents may help small lesions. Large, extensive, and persistent lesions require surgical ablation.

title: Anorectal disorders. Five common causes of @entity158 , itching, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection of the anal glands']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity12395 :: ('MESH:D005401', 'Disease') :: ['Anal fissures']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Swelling']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Perianal abscess']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids', 'Hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: @entity6713 are a common source of anorectal symptoms, which are determined by their size. A helpful measure in small @entity6713 is a high-fiber diet; in moderate lesions, ligature therapy is effective. Surgery should be reserved for large @entity6713 . @entity12395 , probably caused by @entity130 to the anal canal during defecation, may persist because of a cycle of hard stools, @entity158 , and reflex @entity2473 . A high-fiber diet and sitz baths relieve acute fissures. Lateral partial internal sphincterotomy is usually effective when they become chronic. @entity733 is often caused by @entity697 ; @entity292 is the result of @entity281 . @entity4 and induration may be present. @entity158 is throbbing and continuous, and perianal examination may require use of an anesthetic. Incision and drainage with follow-up to ensure resolution of @entity281 is required. @entity111 ani may result from several contributing conditions or may be idiopathic. Restoration of dry, intact perianal skin is the treatment goal. @entity1 should be taught gentle hygiene and drying methods and advised to avoid @entity5834 or other dietary items that seem to exacerbate symptoms. Condylomata acuminata cause @entity548 and @entity158 if allowed to progress. Biopsy should be considered in @entity1 at risk of @entity1141 . Repeated application of caustic topical agents may help small lesions. Large, extensive, and persistent lesions require surgical ablation.

title: Anorectal disorders. Five common causes of XXXX , itching, and @entity548 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -dependent, @entity134 -resistant or frequently relapsing @entity1985 carries a poor prognosis, including progression to @entity177 . There are a number of studies confirming the efficacy of @entity1140 in @entity134 -resistant or @entity134 -dependent @entity1985 . Although the use of this medication is becoming more common, we know very little about the potential nephrotoxicity when used in @entity1985 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and biopsy findings of 11 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent or frequently relapsing @entity1985 treated with @entity1140 . Two sequential biopsies were evaluated for the change in @entity82 , measured by a quantitative stereological method, and the change in @entity194 and @entity82 , graded according to Banff criteria. RESULTS: There was an increase in @entity82 (P   = 0.005), with a median absolute change in the per cent volume density between initial and follow-up biopsies of 1.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 3.9%]. Median percentage change in volume density of @entity82 , relative to volume density of @entity82 prior to initiating @entity1140 , was 93% (IQR 138%). Banff scores for @entity82 and @entity194 also increased following @entity1140 therapy (P   =   0.04 for both). Average @entity1140 trough level over the treatment period was significantly associated with change in @entity82 (Spearman's rho = 0.67 and P =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is some of the first histological data concerning @entity1140 nephrotoxicity in childhood @entity1985 . Although the role of the natural progression of the underlying disease in the observed change is not definitively clear, the changes seen are in keeping with the known nephrotoxic effects of @entity1140 demonstrated in renal transplant. This increase is small when presented as a median change. However, there were a number of @entity1 who had a larger change in @entity82 . The factors predictive of @entity82 while on @entity1140 are not well defined; the findings from this study suggest that @entity1140 level may be a factor. Given the observations and limitations of the few published studies, there is an obvious need for further study in a large multicenter prospective trial.

title: Renal interstitial fibrosis in @entity1 treated with XXXX for @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar hyaline thickening, tubular atrophy', 'tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -dependent, @entity134 -resistant or frequently relapsing @entity1985 carries a poor prognosis, including progression to @entity177 . There are a number of studies confirming the efficacy of @entity1140 in @entity134 -resistant or @entity134 -dependent @entity1985 . Although the use of this medication is becoming more common, we know very little about the potential nephrotoxicity when used in @entity1985 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and biopsy findings of 11 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent or frequently relapsing @entity1985 treated with @entity1140 . Two sequential biopsies were evaluated for the change in @entity82 , measured by a quantitative stereological method, and the change in @entity194 and @entity82 , graded according to Banff criteria. RESULTS: There was an increase in @entity82 (P   = 0.005), with a median absolute change in the per cent volume density between initial and follow-up biopsies of 1.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 3.9%]. Median percentage change in volume density of @entity82 , relative to volume density of @entity82 prior to initiating @entity1140 , was 93% (IQR 138%). Banff scores for @entity82 and @entity194 also increased following @entity1140 therapy (P   =   0.04 for both). Average @entity1140 trough level over the treatment period was significantly associated with change in @entity82 (Spearman's rho = 0.67 and P =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is some of the first histological data concerning @entity1140 nephrotoxicity in childhood @entity1985 . Although the role of the natural progression of the underlying disease in the observed change is not definitively clear, the changes seen are in keeping with the known nephrotoxic effects of @entity1140 demonstrated in renal transplant. This increase is small when presented as a median change. However, there were a number of @entity1 who had a larger change in @entity82 . The factors predictive of @entity82 while on @entity1140 are not well defined; the findings from this study suggest that @entity1140 level may be a factor. Given the observations and limitations of the few published studies, there is an obvious need for further study in a large multicenter prospective trial.

title: Renal interstitial fibrosis in @entity1 treated with @entity1140 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -dependent, @entity134 -resistant or frequently relapsing @entity1985 carries a poor prognosis, including progression to @entity177 . There are a number of studies confirming the efficacy of @entity1140 in @entity134 -resistant or @entity134 -dependent @entity1985 . Although the use of this medication is becoming more common, we know very little about the potential nephrotoxicity when used in @entity1985 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and biopsy findings of 11 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent or frequently relapsing @entity1985 treated with @entity1140 . Two sequential biopsies were evaluated for the change in @entity82 , measured by a quantitative stereological method, and the change in @entity194 and @entity82 , graded according to Banff criteria. RESULTS: There was an increase in @entity82 (P   = 0.005), with a median absolute change in the per cent volume density between initial and follow-up biopsies of 1.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 3.9%]. Median percentage change in volume density of @entity82 , relative to volume density of @entity82 prior to initiating @entity1140 , was 93% (IQR 138%). Banff scores for @entity82 and @entity194 also increased following @entity1140 therapy (P   =   0.04 for both). Average @entity1140 trough level over the treatment period was significantly associated with change in @entity82 (Spearman's rho = 0.67 and P =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is some of the first histological data concerning @entity1140 nephrotoxicity in childhood @entity1985 . Although the role of the natural progression of the underlying disease in the observed change is not definitively clear, the changes seen are in keeping with the known nephrotoxic effects of @entity1140 demonstrated in renal transplant. This increase is small when presented as a median change. However, there were a number of @entity1 who had a larger change in @entity82 . The factors predictive of @entity82 while on @entity1140 are not well defined; the findings from this study suggest that @entity1140 level may be a factor. Given the observations and limitations of the few published studies, there is an obvious need for further study in a large multicenter prospective trial.

title: Renal interstitial fibrosis in XXXX treated with @entity1140 for @entity1985 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiograph and chart review of 28 @entity1 with adult @entity2112 undergoing primary corrective surgery. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed before surgery, after surgery, and at a 2-year follow-up assessment. A self-perceived outcome questionnaire was administered to the study @entity1 at a minimum 2-year follow-up assessment. OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity1 outcomes after surgery for adult @entity1635 using traditional radiographic parameters along with a self-perceived outcomes questionnaire. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The clinical and radiographic results and the outcomes for the surgical treatment of adult @entity2112 have not been established in the literature with respect to the use of modern third-generation instrumentation techniques. Most studies reviewing the surgical treatment of adult @entity2112 look primarily at Harrington instrumentation techniques. METHODS: Records and radiographs were reviewed retrospectively for all the @entity1 (n = 54) undergoing primary corrective surgery for adult @entity2112 between December 30, 1994 and December 30, 1997. Of the 54 @entity1 reviewed, 28 (52%) met the following inclusion criteria: age exceeding 20 years, primary surgery, fusion above the sacrum, availability of medical records along with preoperative, postoperative, and 2-year follow-up radiographs. Additionally, a self-perceived outcomes questionnaire was administered to these @entity1 at a minimum 2-year follow-up assessment. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were @entity1 (28/28). The indications for surgery were @entity158 and progression in 54% (15/28) and @entity158 in 29% (8/28) of the @entity1 . The average preoperative major curve measurement was 65 degrees (range, 38-98 degrees ). The average postoperative major curve measurement was 24 degrees (range, 5-59 degrees ), for a correction of 64%. The average follow-up curve measurement was 27 degrees (range, 3-60 degrees ), for a correction of 61%. Whereas 71% of the cases were anteroposterior, 29% were posterior only. There was one intraoperative complication among the 28 @entity1 and four postoperative complications in 3 of the 28 @entity1 . The self-perceived outcome questionnaires were available for 83% (23/28) of the @entity1 . Definite or probable relief of symptoms was reported in 74%(17/23). Improved ability to sleep was reported in 61% (14/23), and ability to return to their usual job was reported in 57% (13/23). Satisfaction with the results of surgery was reported in 87% (20/23). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for adult @entity2112 using third-generation instrumentation techniques provides significant clinical improvement, @entity1635 correction, maintenance of sagittal alignment, and @entity1 satisfaction, with an acceptable complication rate.

title: Functional and radiographic outcomes after surgery for adult XXXX using third-generation instrumentation techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Multiphase cross-sectional survey of @entity4512 . OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of all reported and clinically significant @entity158 . To identify independent predictors of @entity158 . METHODS: A total of 5752 adults sampled from three general practice registers were mailed a screening questionnaire. Subjects who reported the spine as a predominant site of @entity158 were sent a site-specific questionnaire (i.e., back or neck) that asked about severity. Prevalence estimates were calculated and extrapolated to the general population. Predictors of @entity158 were identified using logistic regression with comprehensive adjustment for confounders (including @entity158 at other anatomic sites). RESULTS: The 1-month-period prevalence of all reported @entity158 was 29% (95% confidence interval 27-31%), of which about half was intense, half was chronic, 40% was disabling, and 20% was intense, disabling, and chronic. Most @entity1 with back (75%) or neck (89%) @entity158 also reported @entity158 at other sites. Age, female gender (neck @entity158 only), high body mass index, living in an area of raised material deprivation, and south Asian ethnicity were significant predictors of @entity158 with disability. The association between body mass index and @entity4048 was lost after adjustment for @entity158 at other sites. However, even after full adjustment, @entity28 (OR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.5) and high deprivation (OR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.7) were predictors of @entity615 with disability. CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment for @entity158 at other sites enabled assessment of whether observed associations were with @entity158 itself or with the other sites of @entity158 . Obesity is an important independent predictor of @entity615 and its severity. This has implications for primary prevention. The prevalence of @entity158 with disability continues to rise into old age. This has implications for healthcare planning.

title: Prevalence and predictors of intense, chronic, and XXXX in the UK general population.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation and neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['disabling neck and back pain']


abstract: A @entity2460 is a relatively unusual @entity5 first described as a distinctive @entity5 arising from pleura. Some reports have shown that @entity2460 also affect extrathoracic regions. The current study presents a literature review with four additional @entity1 with @entity2460 arising from the extremities to clarify clinicopathologic features. The current four @entity1 were two males and two females, ranging from 17 to 60 years of age. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the current @entity1 showed inhomogeneous low to intermediate intensity signal on T1-weighted images and inhomogeneous intermediate to high intensity signal on T2-weighted images. Histologically, the @entity5 were composed of a haphazard proliferation of spindle cells, although cellularity was variable in each case. Two of the four @entity5 showed hypercellularity of spindle cells with focally myxomatous or hyaline changes, whereas @entity7944 with scattered spindle cells throughout the specimens were observed in the other two @entity5 . Immunohistochemically, all four @entity1 showed positive immunoreactivity for @entity2280 , and two @entity5 showed focally positive immunoreactivity for @entity588 protein. During the followup of 12 to 54 months, neither local recurrence nor distant @entity3 was detected after wide resection. Examination of the literature and the current @entity1 suggests that @entity2460 in the extremities are likely to have a malignant potential, although most @entity1 have a benign clinical course. Local wide resection and careful long-term followup are necessary for @entity1 with @entity2460 in the extremities.

title: XXXX in the extremity: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous patterns']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['solitary fibrous tumors', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate subjective health status among early retired individuals pensioned due to @entity85 . DESIGN: A survey of self-reported health status and health care utilization by means of a mailed questionnaire. SETTING: Early retirees (cases) and a random sample (controls) of individuals from the municipality of Kristianstad, Sweden. SUBJECTS:                 <AbstractText Label="CASES" NlmCategory="METHODS">all individuals aged 25-59 years granted a full-time early retirement pension during the period 1986-1990 due to @entity85 (n = 450). The response rate was 83.6%. CONTROLS: An age- and sex-matched sample (n = 450). The response rate was 82.7%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported health status and health care utilization. RESULTS: Early retirement entailed a deterioration in self-reported health status among @entity1 , all ages, and @entity1 aged 25-54 years. Female retirees aged 55-64 reported an improvement in health status since retirement. Early retired female immigrants were less satisfied with their health status than the Swedish ones. Early retirees reported higher health care utilization than controls, but with a reduction since retirement. Drug consumption was high. CONCLUSION: The beneficial effects of early retirement were evident among old @entity1 . @entity1 and young and middle-aged @entity1 may need support to adjust to life as a retiree. Special attention should be given to the female immigrant retiree.

title: Health and health care utilization among early retirement pensioners with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the musculoskeletal system']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']