abstract: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with @entity172 may increase production of the predominant endothelium-derived vasodilator @entity842 (NO) and consequently improve vascular reactivity. In contrast, concurrent progestin therapy may oppose this beneficial effect. We studied the effect of long-term @entity172 HRT and combined HRT on vasomotor function and on plasma @entity1507 , which reflects the amount of NO in the circulation. As lipid peroxidation affects NO production and impairs endothelial function, we also measured the amount of the in vivo lipid peroxidation marker urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha). The study group comprised 15 @entity1 receiving @entity2691 HRT (mean age, 56 yr; treatment duration, 10.5 yr) and 15 @entity1 receiving combined HRT with @entity2691 and @entity2692 (mean age, 58 yr; treatment duration, 11.3 yr). The peak flow velocity (PFV) and pulsatility index of the common carotid and internal carotid artery and the abdominal aorta were measured by ultrasonography after long-term HRT (baseline), after a 4-wk pause and again 3 wk after reintroducing HRT. A statistically significant interaction between the groups and time points was observed in the PFV of the internal carotid artery (P = 0.011). In @entity1 taking @entity2691 , the PFV values decreased significantly after withdrawal of HRT (P = 0.007) and increased again to the baseline level after reintroduction of therapy (P < 0.001). In @entity1 receiving combined HRT, the PFV remained stable over all study periods. At baseline, the PFV of @entity1 taking @entity2691 correlated with the plasma @entity1507 concentration in the common carotid artery (r = 0.646; P = 0.009) and in the abdominal aorta (r = 0.579; P = 0.024). For pulsatility index and urinary @entity7707 excretion, there were no significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that the favorable effects of long-term @entity172 treatment on blood flow are at least partly mediated through NO. The addition of levonorgestrel to the treatment regimen appears to abolish this effect.

title: Effects of long-term XXXX replacement therapy versus combined hormone replacement therapy on @entity842 -dependent vasomotor function.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha)']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with @entity172 may increase production of the predominant endothelium-derived vasodilator @entity842 (NO) and consequently improve vascular reactivity. In contrast, concurrent progestin therapy may oppose this beneficial effect. We studied the effect of long-term @entity172 HRT and combined HRT on vasomotor function and on plasma @entity1507 , which reflects the amount of NO in the circulation. As lipid peroxidation affects NO production and impairs endothelial function, we also measured the amount of the in vivo lipid peroxidation marker urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha). The study group comprised 15 @entity1 receiving @entity2691 HRT (mean age, 56 yr; treatment duration, 10.5 yr) and 15 @entity1 receiving combined HRT with @entity2691 and @entity2692 (mean age, 58 yr; treatment duration, 11.3 yr). The peak flow velocity (PFV) and pulsatility index of the common carotid and internal carotid artery and the abdominal aorta were measured by ultrasonography after long-term HRT (baseline), after a 4-wk pause and again 3 wk after reintroducing HRT. A statistically significant interaction between the groups and time points was observed in the PFV of the internal carotid artery (P = 0.011). In @entity1 taking @entity2691 , the PFV values decreased significantly after withdrawal of HRT (P = 0.007) and increased again to the baseline level after reintroduction of therapy (P < 0.001). In @entity1 receiving combined HRT, the PFV remained stable over all study periods. At baseline, the PFV of @entity1 taking @entity2691 correlated with the plasma @entity1507 concentration in the common carotid artery (r = 0.646; P = 0.009) and in the abdominal aorta (r = 0.579; P = 0.024). For pulsatility index and urinary @entity7707 excretion, there were no significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that the favorable effects of long-term @entity172 treatment on blood flow are at least partly mediated through NO. The addition of levonorgestrel to the treatment regimen appears to abolish this effect.

title: Effects of long-term @entity172 replacement therapy versus combined hormone replacement therapy on XXXX -dependent vasomotor function.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines for childhood @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) were proposed in 1998 and 2004 in Japan. It is important to evaluate the feasibility and validity of the guidelines because the guidelines are based not on evidence but on opinion. METHODS: Records of 30 consecutive hospitalized @entity1 aged 0-15 years (median, 3 years; 17 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ) were retrospectively reviewed. The feasibility and validity of the 2004 guidelines were evaluated by calculating an implementation rate, a response rate to first treatments, and a final clinical outcome. RESULTS: Deviation from the guidelines was found in two @entity1 . Management of the other 28 @entity1 followed the guidelines. The implementation rate was 93.3%. Twenty-one of the 28 eligible @entity1 (75%) responded to the first treatment, whereas seven @entity1 (25%) required additional treatment. In 23 @entity1 (76.7%) platelet counts returned to normal within 6 months. Seven @entity1 (23.3%) developed chronic conditions. All @entity1 had no complications and achieved a platelet count >150 000/  L within 6 years. CONCLUSION: The 2004 Japanese guidelines are feasible and valid for the management of newly diagnosed childhood @entity3039 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of Japanese practice guidelines for newly diagnosed childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Despite advances in preoperative radiologic imaging, a significant fraction of potentially resectable @entity788 are found to be unresectable at laparotomy. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative serum levels of CA19-9 ( @entity5 antigen) and carcinoembryonic antigen will identify @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 despite radiologic staging demonstrating resectable disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Academic tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : From March 1, 1996, to July 31, 2002, 125 @entity1 were identified who underwent surgical exploration for potentially resectable @entity788 based on a preoperative computed tomographic scan; in 89 of them a preoperative @entity5 marker had been measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative @entity5 markers (CA19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen) were correlated with extent of disease at exploration. As CA19-9 is excreted in the biliary system, CA19-9 adjusted for the degree of @entity3638 was determined and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 89 @entity1 , 40 (45%) had @entity66 and underwent resection, 25 (28%) had locally advanced (unresectable) disease, and 24 (27%) had @entity3 . The mean adjusted CA19-9 level was significantly lower in those with @entity66 than those with locally advanced (63 vs 592; P =.003) or metastatic (63 vs 1387; P<.001) disease. When a threshold adjusted CA19-9 level of 150 was used, the positive predictive value for determination of unresectable disease was 88%. Carcinoembryonic antigen level was not correlated with extent of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Among the @entity1 with resectable @entity788 based on preoperative imaging studies, those with abnormally high serum levels of CA19-9 may have unresectable disease. These @entity1 may benefit from additional staging modalities such as diagnostic laparoscopy to avoid unnecessary laparotomy.

title: Utility of @entity5 markers in determining resectability of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Despite advances in preoperative radiologic imaging, a significant fraction of potentially resectable @entity788 are found to be unresectable at laparotomy. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative serum levels of CA19-9 ( @entity5 antigen) and carcinoembryonic antigen will identify @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 despite radiologic staging demonstrating resectable disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Academic tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : From March 1, 1996, to July 31, 2002, 125 @entity1 were identified who underwent surgical exploration for potentially resectable @entity788 based on a preoperative computed tomographic scan; in 89 of them a preoperative @entity5 marker had been measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative @entity5 markers (CA19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen) were correlated with extent of disease at exploration. As CA19-9 is excreted in the biliary system, CA19-9 adjusted for the degree of @entity3638 was determined and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 89 @entity1 , 40 (45%) had @entity66 and underwent resection, 25 (28%) had locally advanced (unresectable) disease, and 24 (27%) had @entity3 . The mean adjusted CA19-9 level was significantly lower in those with @entity66 than those with locally advanced (63 vs 592; P =.003) or metastatic (63 vs 1387; P<.001) disease. When a threshold adjusted CA19-9 level of 150 was used, the positive predictive value for determination of unresectable disease was 88%. Carcinoembryonic antigen level was not correlated with extent of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Among the @entity1 with resectable @entity788 based on preoperative imaging studies, those with abnormally high serum levels of CA19-9 may have unresectable disease. These @entity1 may benefit from additional staging modalities such as diagnostic laparoscopy to avoid unnecessary laparotomy.

title: Utility of XXXX markers in determining resectability of @entity788 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bipolar @entity1 are at risk for relapses of their illness even when undergoing optimal pharmacotherapy. This study was performed to determine whether combining family-focused therapy (FFT) with pharmacotherapy during a postepisode interval enhances @entity1 ' mood stability during maintenance treatment. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, 101 @entity162 @entity1 were assigned to FFT and pharmacotherapy or a less intensive @entity3935 ( @entity3935 ) intervention and pharmacotherapy. Outcome assessments were conducted every 3 to 6 months for 2 years. @entity1 (mean +/- SD age, 35.6 +/- 10.2 years) were referred from inpatient or outpatient clinics after onset of a @entity162 , mixed, or @entity308 episode. FFT consisted of 21 sessions of psychoeducation, communication training, and problem-solving skills training. Crisis management consisted of 2 sessions of family education plus crisis intervention sessions as needed. Both protocols lasted 9 months. @entity1 received pharmacotherapy for 2 study years. Main outcome measures included time to relapse, @entity308 and @entity162 , and medication adherence. RESULTS: Rates of study completion did not differ across the FFT (22/31, 71%) and @entity3935 groups (43/70, 61%). @entity1 undergoing FFT had fewer relapses (11/31, 35%) and longer survival intervals (mean +/- SD, 73.5 +/- 28.8 weeks) than @entity1 undergoing @entity3935 (38/70, 54%; mean +/- SD, 53.2 +/- 39.6 weeks; hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.75; P =.003; intent to treat). @entity1 undergoing FFT showed greater reductions in @entity1316 symptoms and better medication adherence during the 2 years than @entity1 undergoing @entity3935 . CONCLUSION: Combining family psychoeducation with pharmacotherapy enhances the postepisode symptomatic adjustment and drug adherence of @entity162 @entity1 .

title: A randomized study of family-focused psychoeducation and pharmacotherapy in the outpatient management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'manic symptoms', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['crisis management', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Skeletal muscle that is deficient in @entity908 kinase (CK-/-) exhibits accelerated glycogenolysis during contraction. Understanding this phenomenon could provide insight into the control of glycogenolysis during contraction. Therefore, glycogen breakdown was investigated in isolated extensor digitorum longus CK-/- muscle. Muscles were stimulated to produce repeated @entity116 for 20 s in the presence of @entity17376 to block mitochondrial respiration. Accumulation of @entity880 after stimulation was similar in wild-type (WT) and CK-/- muscles, whereas accumulation of @entity3776 was twofold higher in CK-/- muscles, indicating greater glycogenolysis in CK-/- muscles. Total phosphorylase activity was decreased by almost 30 % in CK-/- muscle (P < 0.001). Phosphorylase fractional activity (-/+ 3.3 mM @entity860 ) was similar in both groups in the basal state (about 10 %), but increased to a smaller extent in CK-/- muscles after stimulation (39 +/- 4 % vs. 52 +/- 4 % in WT, P < 0.05). Inorganic @entity1391 , the substrate for phosphorylase, increased marginally in CK-/- muscles after stimulation (basal = 25.3 +/- 2.2 micromol (g dry muscle)-1; stimulated = 33.9 +/- 2.3 micromol (g dry muscle)-1), but substantially in WT muscles (basal = 11.4 +/- 0.7 micromol (g dry muscle)-1; stimulated = 54.2 +/- 4.5 micromol (g dry muscle)-1). Kinetic studies of phosphorylase b (dephosphorylated enzyme) from muscle extracts in vitro demonstrated higher relative activities in CK-/- muscles (60-135 %) in response to low @entity860 concentrations (up to 50 microM) in both the basal state and after stimulation (P < 0.05), whereas no differences in activity between CK-/- and WT muscles were observed at high @entity860 concentrations (> 100 microM). These data indicate that allosteric activation of phosphorylase b accounts for the accelerated glycogenolysis in CK-/- muscle during contraction.

title: Contraction-mediated glycogenolysis in mouse skeletal muscle lacking XXXX kinase: the role of phosphorylase b activation.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity17376 :: ('MESH:D012966', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the aetiology and determine the optimal surgical treatment of @entity4964 . METHODS: Between January 1980 and December 2007, 17 @entity1 with @entity4964 were treated at our institution. Regarding the surgical approach, thoracotomy was performed until 1991, and thoracoscopic surgery was performed from 1992 onward. RESULTS: Pneumothorax was on the right side in all but two @entity1 . Surgery was performed on 15 of the 17 @entity1 . The surgical procedure was a diaphragm resection plus a partial bleb resection in eight @entity1 , a diaphragm resection in two @entity1 , a diaphragm resection plus an absorbable @entity6886 sheet in four @entity1 , and a partial bleb resection in one @entity1 . Five @entity1 demonstrated a postoperative recurrence (33.0%). However, no recurrence has been observed thus far in the four @entity1 with an absorbable polyglycolic sheet placed on the diaphragmatic surface. CONCLUSION: Although the postoperative recurrence rate of @entity1 undergoing surgical procedures remains high, there were some @entity1 with no postoperative recurrence. Placement of an absorbable sheet on the diaphragmatic surface may therefore prevent recurrence of @entity4964 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4964 :: ('MESH:C538279', 'Disease') :: ['catamenial pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

answer: @entity4964 :: (MESH:C538279,Disease) :: ['catamenial pneumothorax']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) are major adverse effects of @entity5 chemotherapy. This study investigated: (1) the impact of CINV on @entity1 ' health-related quality of life (HRQL) in daily clinical practice; (2) the association between @entity1 characteristics and type of antiemetics and CINV; and (3) the role of CINV in physicians' decisions to modify antiemetic treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective, multicenter study was conducted in nine general hospitals in the Netherlands. During three consecutive chemotherapy cycles, @entity1 used a diary to record episodes of @entity390 , @entity391 and antiemetic use. For each cycle, these ratings were made 1 day prior to and 7 days after having received chemotherapy. The influence of CINV on @entity1 ' HRQL was evaluated with the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire at day 6 of each treatment cycle. (Changes in) antiemetic use were recorded by the treating nurse. @entity1 inclusion took place between May 2005 and May 2007. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-seven @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Acute and delayed @entity390 during the first treatment cycle was reported by 39% and 68% of the @entity1 , respectively. The comparable figures for @entity391 were 12% and 23%. During the first and subsequent treatment cycle, approximately one-third of the @entity1 indicated that CINV had a substantial impact on their daily lives. Female @entity1 and younger @entity1 reported significantly more CINV than male and older @entity1 . At all treatment cycles, @entity1 receiving treatment with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, containing @entity4349 , reported more acute @entity390 than @entity1 receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Acute @entity391 was associated significantly with change in (i.e., additional) antiemetic treatment. Delayed CINV did not influence antiemetic treatment. CONCLUSION: CINV continues to be a problem that adversely affects the daily lives of @entity1 . CINV is worse in @entity1 and in younger @entity1 . In daily clinical practice, acute CINV, but not delayed CINV, results in changes in antiemetic treatment. In view of the effects of not only acute, but also delayed CINV on daily life, more attention should be paid to adjustment of antiemetic treatment to cover CINV complaints, later during the chemotherapy cycle.

title: Chemotherapy-induced XXXX in daily clinical practice: a community hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'acute and delayed vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present the results of treatment using nerve transfers for elbow and shoulder function in @entity1 with upper-type (C5-C7) @entity2685 . METHODS: A retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience was done on the results of treatment using nerve transfers for shoulder abduction and external rotation and elbow flexion in nine @entity1 with upper-type @entity2685 from 2005 to 2008. The average age at the time of surgery was 32 years. The average time from injury to surgery was 6.6 months (range, 3-11 months). Two @entity1 had single-nerve transfers from the ulnar nerve to the biceps branch of the musculocutaneous nerve, and seven @entity1 had double-nerve transfers from the ulnar nerve to the biceps branch and from the median nerve to the brachialis branch of the musculocutaneous nerve. All @entity1 had @entity129 for shoulder abduction and external rotation. The average follow-up for all @entity1 was 27.7 months (range, 12-48 months). RESULTS: On latest follow-up, elbow flexion strength of M4 was achieved in eight out of nine @entity1 . The average time to achieve an @entity2799 was 7.6 months (range, 5-12 months). The average elbow range of motion was 128      19   with average elbow flexor strength of 2.7    1.5 kg. Shoulder abduction and external rotation were achieved in eight out of nine @entity1 (average of 70      41   and 61      46  , respectively). Complications include transient @entity3002 in four @entity1 and transient @entity425 in one. CONCLUSION: Nerve transfer procedures can result in functional recovery of the shoulder and elbow function in @entity1 with upper-type @entity2685 .

title: Functional outcome of nerve transfers for upper-type XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['additional nerve transfers of the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexion grade M3']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['sensory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injuries']


abstract: Stress has been shown to facilitate @entity1068 withdrawal-induced @entity148 . Defining neurobiological mechanisms through which stress has such actions is important given the associated risk of relapse. While @entity3318 has long been implicated in the action of stress, current results show that stress elevates the cytokine @entity1505 in the @entity35 brain and thereby implicates cytokines in stress effects. In support of this view, prior @entity1505 microinjection into the central amygdala (CeA) of @entity35 facilitated @entity1068 withdrawal-induced @entity148 -a response that could not be attributed to an increase in plasma @entity2819 . To test for a possible interaction between cytokines and @entity3318 , a CRF1-receptor antagonist ( @entity72945 ) administered prior to the repeated administration of @entity1505 or @entity657 / @entity657 reduced the magnitude of the withdrawal-induced @entity148 . This finding provided evidence for cytokine action being dependent upon @entity3318 . Additionally, the sensitizing effect of stress on withdrawal-induced @entity148 was reduced by treating the repeated stress exposure prior to @entity1068 with the MEK inhibitor @entity37257 . Consistent with cytokines having a neuromediator function distinct from a neuroimmune action, @entity1505 increased firing rate and @entity1246 release from CeA neurons. Thus, an interaction of glial and neuronal function is proposed to contribute to the interaction of stress and chronic @entity1068 . Interrupting this potential glial-neuronal interaction could provide a novel means by which to alter the development of emotional states induced by stress that predict relapse in the alcoholic.

title: Cytokine involvement in stress may depend on corticotrophin releasing factor to sensitize @entity1068 withdrawal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Stress has been shown to facilitate @entity1068 withdrawal-induced @entity148 . Defining neurobiological mechanisms through which stress has such actions is important given the associated risk of relapse. While @entity3318 has long been implicated in the action of stress, current results show that stress elevates the cytokine @entity1505 in the @entity35 brain and thereby implicates cytokines in stress effects. In support of this view, prior @entity1505 microinjection into the central amygdala (CeA) of @entity35 facilitated @entity1068 withdrawal-induced @entity148 -a response that could not be attributed to an increase in plasma @entity2819 . To test for a possible interaction between cytokines and @entity3318 , a CRF1-receptor antagonist ( @entity72945 ) administered prior to the repeated administration of @entity1505 or @entity657 / @entity657 reduced the magnitude of the withdrawal-induced @entity148 . This finding provided evidence for cytokine action being dependent upon @entity3318 . Additionally, the sensitizing effect of stress on withdrawal-induced @entity148 was reduced by treating the repeated stress exposure prior to @entity1068 with the MEK inhibitor @entity37257 . Consistent with cytokines having a neuromediator function distinct from a neuroimmune action, @entity1505 increased firing rate and @entity1246 release from CeA neurons. Thus, an interaction of glial and neuronal function is proposed to contribute to the interaction of stress and chronic @entity1068 . Interrupting this potential glial-neuronal interaction could provide a novel means by which to alter the development of emotional states induced by stress that predict relapse in the alcoholic.

title: Cytokine involvement in stress may depend on corticotrophin releasing factor to sensitize XXXX withdrawal @entity148 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Mild @entity191 signs (MPS) may represent the mild end of a disease spectrum that spans from normal aging to @entity179 . We conducted a population-based study in a rural island town in western Japan, Ama-cho. @entity1 included 1129 subjects, aged 60 years and older, residing in the town. @entity1 were classified according to a modified Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (mUPDRS) score. MPS was determined to be present if any of the following conditions were met: (1) two or more mUPDRS ratings=1 [MPS-mild]; (2) one mUPDRS rating>= 2; or (3) mUPDRS rest @entity400 rating>= 1; [(2) and (3): MPS-severe]. Subjects wore a uniaxial accelerometer (Actiwatch), resulting in the measurement of actigraphic activity counts (AC). Of the 804 @entity1 with complete data, 178 subjects (22.1%) were classified as demonstrating MPS. AC was significantly lower in the MPS-severe group compared with both the CTL and the MPS-mild groups. Diagnostic sensitivity for MPS-severe became 100% when we adopted a cutoff point of low physical activity, as measured by actigraphy, combined with the presence of subjective @entity308 . We established the prevalence of MPS in a community-dwelling elderly population sample in Japan. Actigraphy may be a useful objective tool for screening MPS-severe.

title: Mild XXXX signs in a community-dwelling elderly population sample in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['parkinsonian']


abstract: We evaluated the gait characteristics of @entity1 who had short or long-segment fusion after thoracolumbar burst @entity174 . The study included 12 @entity1 (5 male, 7 female) who had vertebral fusion after traumatic thoracolumbar region (T12-L2) burst @entity174 . @entity1 were divided into two groups based on fixation type (short or long segment). Twelve healthy age and sex-matched subjects (seven male, five female) served as controls. Quantitative gait data, including all time-distance (walking velocity, cadence, step time, step length, double support time), kinematic (joint rotation angles of pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle), and kinetic data (moments of hip in sagittal and coronal plane) were collected. Three @entity1 had a T12, six @entity1 an L1, and three @entity1 had an L2 lesion. @entity1 in the two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and time since operation. No significant differences were found in the time-distance, kinematic, and kinetic gait characteristics between the two groups. This preliminary study reveals that the gait characteristics of @entity1 with short and long-segment fusion after thoracolumbar burst @entity174 were similar to those of healthy subjects and did not differ from each other. However, the present results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Future studies with larger groups are needed to provide additional data to validate these findings.

title: Short or long fusion after thoracolumbar burst XXXX does not alter selected gait parameters: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: This study investigates T(2)* quantification in carotid plaques before and after the administration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 particles (USPIOs) in a cohort of @entity1 receiving statin therapy. Phantom studies were performed using gels with varying concentrations of USPIOs. In the phantom study, 12 gels were prepared with a range of freely distributed concentrations of USPIO nanoparticles (0-0.05   mg/mL). Relative signal intensity measurements were obtained from a T(2)*-weighted sequence as well as quantitative T(2)* (qT(2)*) measurements. In the @entity1 study, 40 @entity1 with >40% carotid stenosis were randomised to low- and high-dose statin therapy (10 and 80   mg of @entity2993 ). Pre- and post- (36   h) USPIO-enhanced MRI were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks. A linear mixed-effects model was applied to account for the inherent correlation of multiple-plaque measurements from the same @entity1 and to assess dose-response differences to statin therapy. In the phantom study, the T(2)*-weighted sequence demonstrated an initial increase (T(1) effect), followed by a decrease (T(2)* effect), in relative signal intensity with increasing concentrations of USPIO. The qT(2)* values decreased exponentially with increasing concentrations of USPIO. In the @entity1 study, there was a highly significant difference in post-USPIO T(2)* measurements in plaques between the low- and high-dose statin groups. This was observed for both the difference in qT(2)* measurements (post-USPIO minus pre-USPIO) (p   <   0.001) and for qT(2)* post-USPIO only (p   <   0.001). The post-USPIO qT(2)* values were as follows: baseline: low dose, 13.6        5.5   ms; high dose, 12.9        6.2   ms; 6 weeks: low dose, 13.3        6.7   ms; high dose, 14.3        7.7   ms; 12 weeks: low dose, 14.0        7.6   ms; high dose, 18.3        11.2   ms. It can be concluded that qT(2)* measurements provide an alternative method of quantifying USPIO uptake. These results also demonstrate that changes in USPIO uptake can be measured using post-USPIO imaging only.

title: In vivo carotid plaque MRI using quantitative T2* measurements with ultrasmall superparamagnetic XXXX particles: a dose-response study to statin therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although anterior cervical decompression and fusion has been used successfully in the treatment of symptomatic @entity614 and/or @entity602 , biomechanical studies have suggested possible deleterious effects of cervical fusion on adjacent level kinematics. The emergence of cervical arthroplasty as an alternative to arthrodesis may restore a more normal spinal movement and reduces a kinematic strain on adjacent segments. To date, with existing prostheses, the risk adjacent segment disease has not been proven to be reduced using artificial disc replacement. PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effects of the Discover artificial cervical disc prosthesis in a Chinese population and observe the stability and range of movement in the early and immediate postoperative period. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Our clinical study design was prospective, concurrently enrolled, and single-center trial of the artificial cervical disc prosthesis (DePuy Spine, Raynham, MA, USA) in the treatment of @entity1 with single- and two-level @entity179 of the cervical spine. @entity1 SAMPLE: Procedure was performed in 25 @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The functional spinal unit (FSU) and global angles, segmental and overall range of motion, FSU heights, and clinical parameters checked with @entity717 ( @entity717 ), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Odom's scale, and visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 score were assessed. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 (26 discs) consecutively underwent cervical arthroplasty using the Discover artificial cervical disc in our hospital. Clinical and radiologic follow-up was performed. The radiographic parameters evaluated included the treated segments and the overall curvature of the cervical spine. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were assessed between 12 months and 18 months after surgery (average 15.3 months). According to Odom's scale, all 25 @entity1 (26 levels) had good to excellent outcomes by independent assessment. Mean @entity717 , JOA, and VAS scores showed statistical improvements in the early and immediate postoperative period. The range of movement recovered to the preoperative value during the follow-up. The treated segment ultimately showed preservation of movement when compared with preoperative levels. No prosthesis subsidence or excursion was identified, and no @entity2736 was found in the replaced levels. CONCLUSION: These early results from a small cohort demonstrate that cervical arthroplasty with the Discover artificial cervical disc for the treatment of @entity179 may provide a good clinical outcome and preserves some motion postoperatively. Although early outcomes are promising, this is also a relatively new technology and prosthesis, long-term follow-up studies with larger @entity1 numbers are required to assess safety and efficacy compared with alternative treatments.

title: Early follow-up outcomes after treatment of XXXX with the discover cervical disc prosthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease', 'degenerative cervical disc disease']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative disc disease']


abstract: A gene cluster encoding enzymes involved in @entity558 O antigen biosynthesis was identified from the partial genome sequence of @entity24233 . All of the genes within the cluster were assigned putative functions based on sequence similarity with genes from O antigen biosynthetic clusters from other bacteria. Ten pairs of overlapping primers were designed to amplify the O antigen biosynthetic cluster by PCR from nine strains of @entity5092 . Although the gene cluster was present in all strains, there was a size difference in one of the PCR products between subsp. tularensis strains and subsp. holarctica strains. @entity558 was purified from @entity24233 and the O antigen was shown by mass spectrometry to have a structure similar to that of @entity31214 15. When @entity558 from @entity24233 was used to immunize @entity19 that were then challenged with @entity24233 , an extended time to death was observed.

title: Characterization of the O antigen gene cluster and structural analysis of the O antigen of XXXX subsp. tularensis.

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity24233 :: ('177416', 'Species') :: ['F. tularensis subsp. tularensis Schu S4', 'Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Schu S4']

entities_list: @entity31214 :: ('119857', 'Species') :: ['F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strain']

answer: @entity5092 :: (263,Species) :: ['Francisella tularensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating DNA is observed at higher concentrations in @entity1 with @entity2 than in controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating DNA is a promising noninvasive tool. Our aim was to prospectively study the association between the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase [ @entity2215 ]) in plasma and clinical variables and survival in a large-scale @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) study. METHODS: Four hundred forty-six @entity1 with stages IIIB and IV @entity1149 with a median follow-up of 9.7 months (range, 0.5-45) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected before therapy start ( @entity900 / @entity1205 ). Quantification of baseline circulating DNA was determined as the amount of free @entity2215 in plasma, by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2215  <= 49.8 ng/ml (median value) had a median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) of 6.3 months compared with 4.9 for @entity2215 more than 49.8 ng/ml (p = 0.001). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was significantly higher (10.9 versus 9.3 months) at lower @entity2215 levels (p = 0.012). When calculations were done using @entity2215 as continuous variable, we did not observe independent significant differences. Thus, there is an apparent discrepancy in p values when @entity2215 is considered as a continuous versus dichotomized variable. There was a tendency to differentiate median @entity2215 levels with respect to response rates (complete response + partial response: 33.1 versus stable disease + progressive disease: 50.7 ng/ml, p = 0.12), but other clinical variables such as age, gender, performance status, stage, histology, and number of metastatic locations were not associated with @entity2215 . In multivariate analysis, @entity2215 was an independent prognostic variable for both @entity1054 (hazard ratio: 1.44, p < 0.001) and @entity1349 (hazard ratio: 1.33, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In advanced @entity1149 , high pretreatment circulating @entity2215 level is an independent poor prognostic marker for @entity1054 and @entity1349 . Circulating DNA is a noninvasive marker, which may help to improve the prognostic profile of these @entity1 .

title: Circulating DNA is a useful prognostic factor in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating DNA is observed at higher concentrations in @entity1 with @entity2 than in controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating DNA is a promising noninvasive tool. Our aim was to prospectively study the association between the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase [ @entity2215 ]) in plasma and clinical variables and survival in a large-scale @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) study. METHODS: Four hundred forty-six @entity1 with stages IIIB and IV @entity1149 with a median follow-up of 9.7 months (range, 0.5-45) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected before therapy start ( @entity900 / @entity1205 ). Quantification of baseline circulating DNA was determined as the amount of free @entity2215 in plasma, by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2215  <= 49.8 ng/ml (median value) had a median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) of 6.3 months compared with 4.9 for @entity2215 more than 49.8 ng/ml (p = 0.001). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was significantly higher (10.9 versus 9.3 months) at lower @entity2215 levels (p = 0.012). When calculations were done using @entity2215 as continuous variable, we did not observe independent significant differences. Thus, there is an apparent discrepancy in p values when @entity2215 is considered as a continuous versus dichotomized variable. There was a tendency to differentiate median @entity2215 levels with respect to response rates (complete response + partial response: 33.1 versus stable disease + progressive disease: 50.7 ng/ml, p = 0.12), but other clinical variables such as age, gender, performance status, stage, histology, and number of metastatic locations were not associated with @entity2215 . In multivariate analysis, @entity2215 was an independent prognostic variable for both @entity1054 (hazard ratio: 1.44, p < 0.001) and @entity1349 (hazard ratio: 1.33, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In advanced @entity1149 , high pretreatment circulating @entity2215 level is an independent poor prognostic marker for @entity1054 and @entity1349 . Circulating DNA is a noninvasive marker, which may help to improve the prognostic profile of these @entity1 .

title: Circulating DNA is a useful prognostic factor in XXXX with advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether @entity1 who deliver small babies due to @entity600 or growth restriction have excess risk for @entity65 and @entity6 later in life. METHODS: Eight years after pregnancy, we estimated the prevalence of @entity209 and its components in a cohort study of @entity1 with prior preterm ( @entity600 before 37 weeks, n=181) or small for gestational age ([SGA], less than the tenth percentile, n=192) births, compared with @entity1 with term births (37 or more weeks, n=306). @entity1 delivered at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and those with @entity1468 or prepregnancy @entity6 or @entity101 were excluded. @entity1 underwent a structured interview and fasting blood sampling. RESULTS: @entity1 were, on average, 8 years postpartum and 39 years old at evaluation. @entity1 with a prior @entity600 had higher blood pressure, @entity1674 , and LDL- @entity165 compared with those in a term control group. @entity1 with prior SGA births were leaner and more likely to smoke compared with those with term births. @entity1 with prior @entity600 had elevated risk of @entity209 , adjusted for demographic, smoking and body size factors (23% preterm compared with 17% control group; odds ratio [OR] 1.76 [1.06, 2.80]). In @entity1 with a prior @entity600 , low HDL (11% preterm compared with 5% control group; OR 2.6 [1.2, 5.2]), @entity2298 (22% compared with 14%; OR 1.9 [1.2, 2.9]), and elevated @entity413 (24% compared with 19%; OR 1.5 [1.0, 2.3]) accounted for this excess @entity209 . In @entity1 with SGA, the only element of @entity209 that was aberrant was @entity413 metabolism. CONCLUSION: Eight years after pregnancy, @entity1 with prior preterm or SGA births had evidence of @entity209 compared with @entity1 with term births. Screening and intervention in these @entity1 after pregnancy may delay or prevent disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : II.

title: Prior preterm or small-for-gestational-age birth related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['maternal metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether mammography can be an early, valid tool for predicting the development of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 presenting for routine mammograms between June and August 2004 were recruited for the study. Baseline data collected included risk factors and family history of @entity299 , as well as any @entity299 experienced by the @entity1 . Similar follow-up data were collected during subsequent years, and these @entity1 -completed surveys were correlated with the baseline mammograms screened for @entity0 . RESULTS: Throughout the 5-year follow-up, @entity301 was present in 20.8% of @entity1 who screened positive for @entity0 and in 5.4% of who screened negative for @entity0 (P<.001). Among @entity1 who did not have @entity301 at baseline, @entity0 -positive @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity301 or a @entity64 than those who were @entity0 -negative (6.3% compared with 2.3%, P=.003; and 58.3% compared with 13.3%, P<.001), respectively. These results remained significant even when controlling for age. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity0 on mammograms indicates a significantly increased risk of developing @entity301 or a @entity64 . These results suggest that @entity0 should be routinely reported on mammograms and viewed as a marker for the development of @entity301 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: The association of XXXX and @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast arterial calcification', 'breast arterial calcifications']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast arterial calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether mammography can be an early, valid tool for predicting the development of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 presenting for routine mammograms between June and August 2004 were recruited for the study. Baseline data collected included risk factors and family history of @entity299 , as well as any @entity299 experienced by the @entity1 . Similar follow-up data were collected during subsequent years, and these @entity1 -completed surveys were correlated with the baseline mammograms screened for @entity0 . RESULTS: Throughout the 5-year follow-up, @entity301 was present in 20.8% of @entity1 who screened positive for @entity0 and in 5.4% of who screened negative for @entity0 (P<.001). Among @entity1 who did not have @entity301 at baseline, @entity0 -positive @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity301 or a @entity64 than those who were @entity0 -negative (6.3% compared with 2.3%, P=.003; and 58.3% compared with 13.3%, P<.001), respectively. These results remained significant even when controlling for age. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity0 on mammograms indicates a significantly increased risk of developing @entity301 or a @entity64 . These results suggest that @entity0 should be routinely reported on mammograms and viewed as a marker for the development of @entity301 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: The association of @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a study to determine the possible differences in @entity1503 between 2 needles of the same length and external gauge but with different internal gauges during truncal block of the @entity129 . The @entity1442 was that increased @entity1503 may be expected with larger internal gauge needles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four clinicians subjected 346 @entity1 to @entity616 and infiltrating anesthesia of the buccal nerve trajectory for the surgical or conventional extraction of the lower third molar. A nonautoaspirating syringe system with 2 types of needle were used: a standard 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.215 mm and an XL Monoprotect (manufactured by Sofic, Mazamet, France, and distributed by Laboratorios Inibsa, Barcelona, Spain) 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.265 mm. The following information was recorded for each @entity1 : needle type, gender, anesthetic technique (direct or indirect truncal block) and the number of bone contacts during the procedure, the @entity1 -extraction side, the operator performing the technique, and @entity1503 (either positive or negative). RESULTS: No significant differences (P <.05) were observed on contrasting the @entity1503 positivity with the internal gauge of the needles. Likewise, no significant differences were seen on correlating aspiration to the anesthetic technique used, the number of bone contacts, the operator, or the @entity1 -extraction side. Blood aspiration was observed in 8.7% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were recorded in @entity1503 and internal gauge, operator, @entity1 -extraction side, or the anesthetic technique involved. Consequently, our initial @entity1442 can be rejected, because no @entity101 was observed for greater internal gauges.

title: Evaluation and comparison of 2 needle models in XXXX during truncal block of the @entity129 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased percentage of blood aspirations']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood aspiration', 'terms of blood aspiration']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['working hypothesis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve block']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['terms of blood aspiration']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a study to determine the possible differences in @entity1503 between 2 needles of the same length and external gauge but with different internal gauges during truncal block of the @entity129 . The @entity1442 was that increased @entity1503 may be expected with larger internal gauge needles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four clinicians subjected 346 @entity1 to @entity616 and infiltrating anesthesia of the buccal nerve trajectory for the surgical or conventional extraction of the lower third molar. A nonautoaspirating syringe system with 2 types of needle were used: a standard 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.215 mm and an XL Monoprotect (manufactured by Sofic, Mazamet, France, and distributed by Laboratorios Inibsa, Barcelona, Spain) 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.265 mm. The following information was recorded for each @entity1 : needle type, gender, anesthetic technique (direct or indirect truncal block) and the number of bone contacts during the procedure, the @entity1 -extraction side, the operator performing the technique, and @entity1503 (either positive or negative). RESULTS: No significant differences (P <.05) were observed on contrasting the @entity1503 positivity with the internal gauge of the needles. Likewise, no significant differences were seen on correlating aspiration to the anesthetic technique used, the number of bone contacts, the operator, or the @entity1 -extraction side. Blood aspiration was observed in 8.7% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were recorded in @entity1503 and internal gauge, operator, @entity1 -extraction side, or the anesthetic technique involved. Consequently, our initial @entity1442 can be rejected, because no @entity101 was observed for greater internal gauges.

title: Evaluation and comparison of 2 needle models in @entity1503 during truncal block of the XXXX .

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['inferior alveolar nerve']


abstract: We present 3 @entity1 with @entity8817 ( @entity8817 ) and severe central nervous system (CNS) complications. All @entity1 had at least 4 positive criteria of Bohan and Peter, which confirmed a definite diagnosis of @entity8817 . They were all male, and had a relatively high @entity1011 kinase value at admission (1532-4260 U/l). Besides, progressive proximal @entity425 and @entity1910 , one @entity1 presented with rapid irreversible @entity227 . Ophthalmologic examination showed active @entity1333 . After 2 weeks of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and being in improved, relatively stable clinical condition, all 3 @entity1 developed generalized @entity3173 . Other causes of the neurological symptoms could be excluded. In all 3 @entity1 , the course of @entity8817 was fatal. The clinical symptoms and further investigations in our @entity1 show CNS involvement in @entity8817 . Although rarely reported, CNS @entity455 can be a serious and life-threatening complication of @entity8817 .

title: Case report: severe central nervous system involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decline of vision']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis of the retina']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic convulsions']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis', 'JDM']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8817 :: (MESH:C538250,Disease) :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and clinical discussion. OBJECTIVE: To describe a unique etiology for a @entity1 presenting with exercise-induced @entity1746 found to have agenesis of the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) and a large vein draining the confluence of the iliac veins through the L4 foramen into the epidural plexus. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity66 are infrequently determined to be the etiology of nerve root compression syndromes. Such cases have been described in @entity1 with absent IVC with @entity715 . We are unaware of any previously described cases of absent IVC with a primary route of venous return through the epidural venous plexus, resulting in symptoms in the absence of @entity715 . METHODS: We describe a case of a 34-year-old @entity1 who presented complaining of @entity1183 of legs as well as cauda equina symptoms occurring during exercise. He was found to have infrarenal absence of the IVC with the confluence of the iliac veins forming a large draining vein which entered the L4 foramen into the epidural venous plexus. Pre- and postexercise magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed to compare change in the size of the plexus. RESULTS: Postexercise magnetic resonance imaging showed notable increase in the volume of the epidural venous plexus of the lower lumbar spine. The @entity1 was referred to neurosurgery and vascular surgery, which did not intervene. On follow-up 2 years later, the @entity1 developed significant right @entity1150 and was found to be heterozygous for @entity5337 mutation. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the breadth of anatomic and physiologic understanding a clinician must draw on when approaching @entity1 with nerve root compression symptoms. It is also pertinent to consider performing a hypercoagulable work-up in @entity1 with @entity455 , as this may prevent future @entity715 .

title: Absent inferior vena cava resulting in exercise-induced epidural venous plexus congestion and XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular deformations']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Epidural venous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity numbness']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['lower extremity numbness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We have used respiratory-correlated cone beam computed tomography (rcCBCT) imaging to study the volumetric and positional changes that occur throughout the course of radical radiotherapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity5 volumes and centers of mass were recorded and analyzed on weekly serial rcCBCT images of @entity1149 @entity1 treated with radical radiotherapy to a dose >= 45 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 were included; in 31 @entity1 , the @entity5 was peripheral and thus suitable for contouring. There was a mean percent decrease of 40.2% by fraction 15 and 51.1% by treatment completion. Among all 60 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 (32%) had more than 30% regression by fraction 15 and 25 @entity1 (81%) by treatment completion. Statistically significant @entity5 migration in at least one direction between the first and the last 2 weeks was demonstrated in 14 of 27 @entity1 . Clinically relevant changes ( @entity891 and effusions) were noted in 11 of 29 visually assessed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Current rcCBCT image quality allows assessment of @entity5 located more peripherally. Significant @entity5 regression was documented in the majority of @entity1 . In view of these observations, the suitability of adaptive radiotherapy in @entity2 treatment should be further investigated.

title: @entity5 regression and positional changes in XXXX during radical radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['radical lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We have used respiratory-correlated cone beam computed tomography (rcCBCT) imaging to study the volumetric and positional changes that occur throughout the course of radical radiotherapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity5 volumes and centers of mass were recorded and analyzed on weekly serial rcCBCT images of @entity1149 @entity1 treated with radical radiotherapy to a dose >= 45 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 were included; in 31 @entity1 , the @entity5 was peripheral and thus suitable for contouring. There was a mean percent decrease of 40.2% by fraction 15 and 51.1% by treatment completion. Among all 60 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 (32%) had more than 30% regression by fraction 15 and 25 @entity1 (81%) by treatment completion. Statistically significant @entity5 migration in at least one direction between the first and the last 2 weeks was demonstrated in 14 of 27 @entity1 . Clinically relevant changes ( @entity891 and effusions) were noted in 11 of 29 visually assessed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Current rcCBCT image quality allows assessment of @entity5 located more peripherally. Significant @entity5 regression was documented in the majority of @entity1 . In view of these observations, the suitability of adaptive radiotherapy in @entity2 treatment should be further investigated.

title: XXXX regression and positional changes in @entity1149 during radical radiotherapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: A high prevalence of @entity5788 ( @entity5788 ) has been recently associated with @entity3232 . Our aim was to study the prevalence of @entity5788 on lateral cephalograms in Class II subjects and to compare the findings with those obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Standardized cephalograms of 238 Class II @entity1 were analysed for @entity5788 . Cephalogram and CBCT were available for an additional 21 subjects. Cephalometric values were correlated with vertebrae morphology; logistic regressions and intraobserver agreement were evaluated. Inspection of lateral cephalograms could exclude @entity5788 in 90.3 per cent of the subjects, while 9.7 per cent showed potential fusions. No correlations were found between the cephalometric values and potential @entity154 . In the 21 @entity1 with a CBCT and a lateral cephalogram, the visual assessment of the cephalogram yielded a potential fusion in nine cases. None could be confirmed by CBCT. A low number of potentially fused cervical vertebrae could be detected on lateral cephalograms. The possible fusions did not correlate to any cephalometric values nor could they be confirmed by CBCT, the gold standard for assessing @entity5788 . Visual examination of a cephalogram may result in a false-positive finding and does not allow reliable diagnosis of @entity5788 .

title: Cervical XXXX in subjects with Class II malocclusion assessed by lateral cephalogram and cone beam computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity5788 :: ('MESH:C562952', 'Disease') :: ['cervical vertebrae anomalies', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vertebrae anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['various malocclusions']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['vertebrae anomalies']


abstract: Primary @entity99 (PHL) is confined to the liver with no evidence of @entity6687 . Histopathologically, the PHL belongs to the group of @entity1893 and the most common subtype is the diffise large @entity1892 . We present a 72-year-old @entity1 , with no relevant antecedents and the following symptoms: early satiety, abdominal discomfort and rapid weight loss. Liver function tests are normal, erythrocyte sedimentation rate is accelerated and LDH progressively increases during the hospitalization. Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, nuclear magnetic resonance) show a multilobued mass of around 12 cm of diameter in the right hepatic lobe. Tumoral and virological markers are negative. The pathology of an echo-guided biopsy informs a massive infiltration by a diffuse large @entity1892 . The immunohistochemical study shows @entity2225 +, @entity1195 + and negative CD3, CKAE1, @entity1326 , Hepatocyte and HMB45. The citology of pleural liquid is negative for atypia, peripheral blood smear shows no signs of @entity1778 , bone marrow biopsy is negative for @entity2617 , and @entity2719 scintigraphy and body CT scan do not reveal @entity75 . The @entity1 starts chemotherapy with @entity786 and @entity1667 but worsens and dies two weeks after beginning treatment. We conclude that our @entity1 had a rare disease with an unresectable lesion, poor prognostic factors and high recurrence risk. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in these cases.

title: [Primary @entity99 : an infrequent cause of focal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous infiltration']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic lymphomatosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lymphoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic lesion']


abstract: Primary @entity99 (PHL) is confined to the liver with no evidence of @entity6687 . Histopathologically, the PHL belongs to the group of @entity1893 and the most common subtype is the diffise large @entity1892 . We present a 72-year-old @entity1 , with no relevant antecedents and the following symptoms: early satiety, abdominal discomfort and rapid weight loss. Liver function tests are normal, erythrocyte sedimentation rate is accelerated and LDH progressively increases during the hospitalization. Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, nuclear magnetic resonance) show a multilobued mass of around 12 cm of diameter in the right hepatic lobe. Tumoral and virological markers are negative. The pathology of an echo-guided biopsy informs a massive infiltration by a diffuse large @entity1892 . The immunohistochemical study shows @entity2225 +, @entity1195 + and negative CD3, CKAE1, @entity1326 , Hepatocyte and HMB45. The citology of pleural liquid is negative for atypia, peripheral blood smear shows no signs of @entity1778 , bone marrow biopsy is negative for @entity2617 , and @entity2719 scintigraphy and body CT scan do not reveal @entity75 . The @entity1 starts chemotherapy with @entity786 and @entity1667 but worsens and dies two weeks after beginning treatment. We conclude that our @entity1 had a rare disease with an unresectable lesion, poor prognostic factors and high recurrence risk. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in these cases.

title: [Primary XXXX : an infrequent cause of focal @entity99 ].

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5609 is an important cause of complicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ). Like many other microorganisms, @entity9700 has acquired resistance to many antibiotics. Due to the serious effects associated with uropathogenic @entity9700 and the problems related to the use of antibiotics, alternative strategies for its control must be developed. Previously, we studied the effect of Ibicella lutea extract, a South American indigenous plant, on in vitro uropathogenicity of @entity9700 . We observed that I. lutea extract had an effect on various attributes associated with @entity9700 urovirulence. The objective of this study was to assess I. lutea extract against @entity293 by @entity9700 . METHODOLOGY: This study was based on the effect of I. lutea extract to prevent or treat @entity9700 experimental @entity293 in @entity19 and the influence of this administration on the normal intestinal flora. Also, we studied the @entity137 , mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of the extract. RESULTS: In this study, while I. lutea administration showed an effect in the prevention and treatment of @entity293 in the @entity19 , the intestinal microflora did not change. The I. lutea extract was neither toxic nor mutagenic although the extract showed antimutagenic properties. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the administration of I. lutea extract could represent an interesting new strategy to control @entity9700 @entity293 .

title: Assessment of effectiveness and safety of Ibicella lutea extract in the control of experimental @entity5609 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5609 is an important cause of complicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ). Like many other microorganisms, @entity9700 has acquired resistance to many antibiotics. Due to the serious effects associated with uropathogenic @entity9700 and the problems related to the use of antibiotics, alternative strategies for its control must be developed. Previously, we studied the effect of Ibicella lutea extract, a South American indigenous plant, on in vitro uropathogenicity of @entity9700 . We observed that I. lutea extract had an effect on various attributes associated with @entity9700 urovirulence. The objective of this study was to assess I. lutea extract against @entity293 by @entity9700 . METHODOLOGY: This study was based on the effect of I. lutea extract to prevent or treat @entity9700 experimental @entity293 in @entity19 and the influence of this administration on the normal intestinal flora. Also, we studied the @entity137 , mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of the extract. RESULTS: In this study, while I. lutea administration showed an effect in the prevention and treatment of @entity293 in the @entity19 , the intestinal microflora did not change. The I. lutea extract was neither toxic nor mutagenic although the extract showed antimutagenic properties. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the administration of I. lutea extract could represent an interesting new strategy to control @entity9700 @entity293 .

title: Assessment of effectiveness and safety of Ibicella lutea extract in the control of experimental XXXX @entity293 .

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: AIM: To determine the current use of @entity2263 -agonists, in particular @entity3045 , for the management of acute @entity565 in @entity1 in emergency departments throughout Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire that sought to determine the current use of @entity3045 and any @entity137 in paediatric emergency departments. RESULTS: Out of 37 hospitals eligible as paediatric emergency departments, 33 (89.1%) responded to the survey, 54.5% having guidelines for the management of acute @entity565 . Of the paediatric emergency departments surveyed, 45.5% used metered-dose inhaler spacer combination in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity565 . All paediatric emergency departments used nebulized @entity3045 for acute severe @entity565 . In addition, 85% of paediatric emergency departments used continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 in unresponsive @entity1 , 63.6% administering a single-dose intravenous @entity3045 bolus before commencing the infusion. District paediatric emergency departments were more likely to treat with continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 outside of the intensive care unit. Clinical unresponsiveness to inhaled @entity3045 and clinical improvement were the reported criteria in all paediatric emergency departments for the use and cessation of intravenous @entity3045 . @entity137 were common: @entity400 (90%), hypokalaemia (45.5%) and @entity4710 (21%), particularly if continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 administered. Eight deaths from @entity565 were reported, none being related to @entity137 . CONCLUSION: We report a wide variation of @entity3045 use in paediatric emergency departments and a high prevalence of type A @entity137 when continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 therapy was administered. More evidence is needed on the clinical significance of the adverse effects reported in this study and optimal doses for the safe use of continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 therapy in paediatric emergency departments.

title: The administration of XXXX -agonists for paediatric @entity565 and its adverse reaction in Australian and New Zealand emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions', 'Adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['beta2']


abstract: AIM: To determine the current use of @entity2263 -agonists, in particular @entity3045 , for the management of acute @entity565 in @entity1 in emergency departments throughout Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire that sought to determine the current use of @entity3045 and any @entity137 in paediatric emergency departments. RESULTS: Out of 37 hospitals eligible as paediatric emergency departments, 33 (89.1%) responded to the survey, 54.5% having guidelines for the management of acute @entity565 . Of the paediatric emergency departments surveyed, 45.5% used metered-dose inhaler spacer combination in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity565 . All paediatric emergency departments used nebulized @entity3045 for acute severe @entity565 . In addition, 85% of paediatric emergency departments used continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 in unresponsive @entity1 , 63.6% administering a single-dose intravenous @entity3045 bolus before commencing the infusion. District paediatric emergency departments were more likely to treat with continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 outside of the intensive care unit. Clinical unresponsiveness to inhaled @entity3045 and clinical improvement were the reported criteria in all paediatric emergency departments for the use and cessation of intravenous @entity3045 . @entity137 were common: @entity400 (90%), hypokalaemia (45.5%) and @entity4710 (21%), particularly if continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 administered. Eight deaths from @entity565 were reported, none being related to @entity137 . CONCLUSION: We report a wide variation of @entity3045 use in paediatric emergency departments and a high prevalence of type A @entity137 when continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 therapy was administered. More evidence is needed on the clinical significance of the adverse effects reported in this study and optimal doses for the safe use of continuous-infusion intravenous @entity3045 therapy in paediatric emergency departments.

title: The administration of @entity2263 -agonists for paediatric XXXX and its adverse reaction in Australian and New Zealand emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) on the QT variability index (QTVI). METHODS: Digital electrocardiograms from 113 age-matched @entity1 (40 with @entity1688 , 26 with high @entity451 , 17 @entity258 and 31 controls) were analyzed. RR interval, heart rate (HR) variability [total power (TP(RR)), low frequency (LF(RR)) and high frequency (HF(RR))], QT interval duration, Bazett HR-corrected QT (QTc), @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) and QTVI were compared. RESULTS: Significant group main effects were present for RR, QTc, TP(RR) and LF(RR), but not QT duration, @entity1162 or HF(RR). Post hoc comparisons revealed the following: (1) longer RR in controls versus subjects with high @entity451 and @entity258 , and in subjects with @entity1688 versus high @entity451 and @entity258 ; (2) QTc was longer in subjects with @entity258 versus controls and shorter in subjects with @entity1688 versus high @entity451 , and (3) TP(RR) and LF(RR) were different in controls and subjects with high @entity451 compared to those with @entity258 . QTVI was significantly elevated in all @entity1566 groups compared to controls. Significant negative correlations between QTVI and HF(RR) were observed in all @entity1566 groups, and TP(RR) and LF(RR) in subjects with @entity1688 and high @entity451 only. Age was negatively correlated in controls. CONCLUSIONS: QTVI is negatively affected in otherwise healthy @entity1566 @entity1 compared to age-matched controls. This observation appears to reflect the attenuation of vagal modulation, sympathetic impairment above the sixth thoracic vertebra and/or a heightened degree of @entity65 risk.

title: The QT variability index and cardiac autonomic modulation: perspectives from apparently healthy @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTVN', 'QT interval variance']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) on the QT variability index (QTVI). METHODS: Digital electrocardiograms from 113 age-matched @entity1 (40 with @entity1688 , 26 with high @entity451 , 17 @entity258 and 31 controls) were analyzed. RR interval, heart rate (HR) variability [total power (TP(RR)), low frequency (LF(RR)) and high frequency (HF(RR))], QT interval duration, Bazett HR-corrected QT (QTc), @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) and QTVI were compared. RESULTS: Significant group main effects were present for RR, QTc, TP(RR) and LF(RR), but not QT duration, @entity1162 or HF(RR). Post hoc comparisons revealed the following: (1) longer RR in controls versus subjects with high @entity451 and @entity258 , and in subjects with @entity1688 versus high @entity451 and @entity258 ; (2) QTc was longer in subjects with @entity258 versus controls and shorter in subjects with @entity1688 versus high @entity451 , and (3) TP(RR) and LF(RR) were different in controls and subjects with high @entity451 compared to those with @entity258 . QTVI was significantly elevated in all @entity1566 groups compared to controls. Significant negative correlations between QTVI and HF(RR) were observed in all @entity1566 groups, and TP(RR) and LF(RR) in subjects with @entity1688 and high @entity451 only. Age was negatively correlated in controls. CONCLUSIONS: QTVI is negatively affected in otherwise healthy @entity1566 @entity1 compared to age-matched controls. This observation appears to reflect the attenuation of vagal modulation, sympathetic impairment above the sixth thoracic vertebra and/or a heightened degree of @entity65 risk.

title: The QT variability index and cardiac autonomic modulation: perspectives from apparently healthy XXXX with @entity1566 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The diffusion of small nutrients in the intervertebral @entity1 disc was examined using a finite element model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate nutrient transport into the disc using a numerical approach. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular tissue in the body. Nutrients necessary for cellular survival diffuse from the blood supply around the disc margins to the cells. Limited analytical studies have been performed and compared with measurements. However, the studies have only considered supply through the center of the nucleus and have only examined single solutes. A more sophisticated model is required to investigate the solute supply. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An axisymmetric finite element model has been created to study the transport of three solutes, i.e., @entity26 , @entity413 , and @entity880 , using nonlinear consumption-concentration and production-concentration rates. For each of them, data for the consumption/production rate, diffusivity, and concentration in the blood were taken from experimental measurements and used in the model. The effect of varying disc height, exchange area with the blood supply, solute consumption rates, and diffusivities was investigated. RESULTS: The model predicted that concentrations of @entity26 and @entity413 , which are consumed by cells, fell towards the disc center. Concentration levels decreased with a decrease in fractional exchange area and diffusivity, or with an increase in disc height and consumption rate. In contrast, the concentration of @entity880 , produced by the cells, was highest in the center and fell towards the disc-blood vessel interface. The absolute values of concentrations were in agreement with available measurements in vivo and those computed by few available analytical models, indicating the reliability of the finite element simulations. CONCLUSIONS: Finite element methods can be used to predict concentration gradients of solutes throughout the disc in relation to changes in disc and endplate morphology, disc properties, and cellular activities. This study provides a foundation for investigating the effect of load-induced changes or effects of changes in cellular metabolism on disc nutritional supply.

title: Finite element study of nutrient diffusion in the XXXX intervertebral disc.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is a @entity3774 analog prodrug which is activated when hydrolyzed in the @entity267 and plasma. Latanoprost reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Other locally applied medications reduce IOP either by increasing the outflow of fluid through the trabecular drainage system or by reducing the production of fluid in the eye. Latanoprost, which is used topically in the eye at the low dose of 0.005% once daily, has been shown in phase III studies carried out in Scandinavia, the U.K. and the U.S. to be capable of lowering the IOP in @entity1 with @entity1538 and @entity2790 by 35%. This low IOP is maintained over at least a 2-year period. Latanaprost is as effective, or possible slightly more effective than @entity6839 in its pressure reducing effects. Additional pressure reduction can be achieved by adding latanoprost to existing @entity726 medications. Because latanoprost is rapidly metabolized outside the eye, systemic side effects do not occur. Increased iris pigmentation occurs in at least 10% of hazel (but not blue or dark-eyed @entity1 ). So far no ocular problem has occurred because of the increased production of pigment which is not released from the iris. Isolated cases of @entity1103 have occurred, so that anyone complaining of @entity227 while using the drug should be fully investigated.

title: Latanoprost in the treatment of @entity726 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of vision']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is a @entity3774 analog prodrug which is activated when hydrolyzed in the @entity267 and plasma. Latanoprost reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Other locally applied medications reduce IOP either by increasing the outflow of fluid through the trabecular drainage system or by reducing the production of fluid in the eye. Latanoprost, which is used topically in the eye at the low dose of 0.005% once daily, has been shown in phase III studies carried out in Scandinavia, the U.K. and the U.S. to be capable of lowering the IOP in @entity1 with @entity1538 and @entity2790 by 35%. This low IOP is maintained over at least a 2-year period. Latanaprost is as effective, or possible slightly more effective than @entity6839 in its pressure reducing effects. Additional pressure reduction can be achieved by adding latanoprost to existing @entity726 medications. Because latanoprost is rapidly metabolized outside the eye, systemic side effects do not occur. Increased iris pigmentation occurs in at least 10% of hazel (but not blue or dark-eyed @entity1 ). So far no ocular problem has occurred because of the increased production of pigment which is not released from the iris. Isolated cases of @entity1103 have occurred, so that anyone complaining of @entity227 while using the drug should be fully investigated.

title: Latanoprost in the treatment of XXXX and @entity2790 .

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: 5 cases of @entity370 with normocalcemic @entity1310 and @entity8 are described. 24 earlier reported cases with normocalcemic @entity1310 of @entity370 were extracted from the literature and reviewed together with the present cases. GFR was normal (greater than 80 ml/min) in 2 of the @entity1 , slightly to moderately decreased (80-20 ml/min) in 14 @entity1 , and severely decreased (less than 20 ml/min) in 13 @entity1 . The @entity1 (19 males and 10 females) were 12-68 (median 45) years old. All @entity1 with GFR less than 10 ml/min were more than 43 years old. 1 @entity1 died in terminal @entity5507 on admittance. All but 1 of the @entity1 treated with @entity288 improved (22 @entity1 ) or stabilized (5 @entity1 ) at least initially. 1 @entity1 treated with a relatively low dose of a @entity228 progressed to terminal @entity5507 . 8 @entity1 had a relapse when the @entity288 were tapered or discontinued. 12 of the @entity1 had residual @entity8 after initial successful treatment and in 4 cases the impairment worsened after a @entity228 -sensitive relapse. It could be concluded from the study that an initial @entity228 dosage of 1 mg @entity617 /kg BW or more should be used in @entity1310 of @entity370 .

title: XXXX with normocalcemic @entity1310 . Five case reports and a review of 24 cases in the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: 5 cases of @entity370 with normocalcemic @entity1310 and @entity8 are described. 24 earlier reported cases with normocalcemic @entity1310 of @entity370 were extracted from the literature and reviewed together with the present cases. GFR was normal (greater than 80 ml/min) in 2 of the @entity1 , slightly to moderately decreased (80-20 ml/min) in 14 @entity1 , and severely decreased (less than 20 ml/min) in 13 @entity1 . The @entity1 (19 males and 10 females) were 12-68 (median 45) years old. All @entity1 with GFR less than 10 ml/min were more than 43 years old. 1 @entity1 died in terminal @entity5507 on admittance. All but 1 of the @entity1 treated with @entity288 improved (22 @entity1 ) or stabilized (5 @entity1 ) at least initially. 1 @entity1 treated with a relatively low dose of a @entity228 progressed to terminal @entity5507 . 8 @entity1 had a relapse when the @entity288 were tapered or discontinued. 12 of the @entity1 had residual @entity8 after initial successful treatment and in 4 cases the impairment worsened after a @entity228 -sensitive relapse. It could be concluded from the study that an initial @entity228 dosage of 1 mg @entity617 /kg BW or more should be used in @entity1310 of @entity370 .

title: @entity370 with normocalcemic XXXX . Five case reports and a review of 24 cases in the literature.

answer: @entity1310 :: (MESH:D009393,Disease) :: ['granulomatous nephritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based largely on in vitro investigations and animal studies, investigators believe that disruptions of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signaling contribute to the development and progression of @entity1 @entity14 . The purpose of this study was to directly assess the status of the @entity2533 signaling pathway in @entity14 and determine the effects of its disruption on clinical behavior and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smad proteins are the principal intracellular components of the @entity2533 signaling pathway. We conducted a high-throughput analysis of the expression patterns of @entity2536 , phosphorylated (activated) @entity2536 (pSmad2), and @entity1594 in more than 600 @entity1 @entity14 specimens assembled in tissue microarrays. RESULTS: The vast majority (93.8%; 95% CI: 92%-96%) of @entity14 expressed phosphorylated @entity2536 , indicating the ability of the @entity5 to survive and proliferate within a microenvironment that contains bioactive @entity2533 . Twelve of 633 (1.9%; 95% CI: 1%-3%) cases failed to express @entity2536 , and 15 of 641 (2.3%; 95% CI: 1%-4%) cases failed to express @entity1594 . Moreover, 29 of 615 (4.7%; 95% CI: 3%-7%) of cases expressed @entity2536 but not its activated form (pSmad2), suggesting the presence of a @entity2533 receptor defect. Based on an analysis of 577 cases for which clinical outcome information was available, failure to express @entity2536 , pSmad2, or @entity1594 was associated with @entity5 , the presence of lymph node @entity3 , and a significantly shorter overall survival (median survival: 35 vs 58 months). DISCUSSION: Loss of Smad activation and/or expression occurs in approximately 10% of @entity14 . This subset has a poor prognosis because of its association with @entity1442 and the presence of lymph node @entity3 at diagnosis.

title: Loss of Smad signaling in @entity1 @entity14 is associated with XXXX and poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advanced disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based largely on in vitro investigations and animal studies, investigators believe that disruptions of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signaling contribute to the development and progression of @entity1 @entity14 . The purpose of this study was to directly assess the status of the @entity2533 signaling pathway in @entity14 and determine the effects of its disruption on clinical behavior and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smad proteins are the principal intracellular components of the @entity2533 signaling pathway. We conducted a high-throughput analysis of the expression patterns of @entity2536 , phosphorylated (activated) @entity2536 (pSmad2), and @entity1594 in more than 600 @entity1 @entity14 specimens assembled in tissue microarrays. RESULTS: The vast majority (93.8%; 95% CI: 92%-96%) of @entity14 expressed phosphorylated @entity2536 , indicating the ability of the @entity5 to survive and proliferate within a microenvironment that contains bioactive @entity2533 . Twelve of 633 (1.9%; 95% CI: 1%-3%) cases failed to express @entity2536 , and 15 of 641 (2.3%; 95% CI: 1%-4%) cases failed to express @entity1594 . Moreover, 29 of 615 (4.7%; 95% CI: 3%-7%) of cases expressed @entity2536 but not its activated form (pSmad2), suggesting the presence of a @entity2533 receptor defect. Based on an analysis of 577 cases for which clinical outcome information was available, failure to express @entity2536 , pSmad2, or @entity1594 was associated with @entity5 , the presence of lymph node @entity3 , and a significantly shorter overall survival (median survival: 35 vs 58 months). DISCUSSION: Loss of Smad activation and/or expression occurs in approximately 10% of @entity14 . This subset has a poor prognosis because of its association with @entity1442 and the presence of lymph node @entity3 at diagnosis.

title: Loss of Smad signaling in @entity1 XXXX is associated with @entity1442 and poor prognosis.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based largely on in vitro investigations and animal studies, investigators believe that disruptions of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signaling contribute to the development and progression of @entity1 @entity14 . The purpose of this study was to directly assess the status of the @entity2533 signaling pathway in @entity14 and determine the effects of its disruption on clinical behavior and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smad proteins are the principal intracellular components of the @entity2533 signaling pathway. We conducted a high-throughput analysis of the expression patterns of @entity2536 , phosphorylated (activated) @entity2536 (pSmad2), and @entity1594 in more than 600 @entity1 @entity14 specimens assembled in tissue microarrays. RESULTS: The vast majority (93.8%; 95% CI: 92%-96%) of @entity14 expressed phosphorylated @entity2536 , indicating the ability of the @entity5 to survive and proliferate within a microenvironment that contains bioactive @entity2533 . Twelve of 633 (1.9%; 95% CI: 1%-3%) cases failed to express @entity2536 , and 15 of 641 (2.3%; 95% CI: 1%-4%) cases failed to express @entity1594 . Moreover, 29 of 615 (4.7%; 95% CI: 3%-7%) of cases expressed @entity2536 but not its activated form (pSmad2), suggesting the presence of a @entity2533 receptor defect. Based on an analysis of 577 cases for which clinical outcome information was available, failure to express @entity2536 , pSmad2, or @entity1594 was associated with @entity5 , the presence of lymph node @entity3 , and a significantly shorter overall survival (median survival: 35 vs 58 months). DISCUSSION: Loss of Smad activation and/or expression occurs in approximately 10% of @entity14 . This subset has a poor prognosis because of its association with @entity1442 and the presence of lymph node @entity3 at diagnosis.

title: Loss of Smad signaling in XXXX @entity14 is associated with @entity1442 and poor prognosis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Protein phosphorylation is a critical regulatory mechanism in cellular signalling. To this end, @entity27863 is a major eukaryotic @entity563 / @entity1889 -specific phosphatase whose cellular functions, in turn, depend on complexes it forms with @entity27863 interacting proteins-PIPs. The importance of the testis/sperm-enriched variant, PP1y2, in sperm motility and spermatogenesis has previously been shown. Given the key role of PIPs, it is imperative to identify the physiologically relevant PIPs in testis and sperm. Hence, we performed Yeast Two-Hybrid screens of a @entity1 testis cDNA library using as baits the different @entity27863 isoforms and also a proteomic approach aimed at identifying PP1y2 binding proteins. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest data set of the @entity1 testis @entity27863 interactome. We report the identification of 77 proteins in @entity1 testis and 7 proteins in @entity1 sperm that bind @entity27863 . The data obtained increased the known @entity27863 interactome by reporting 72 novel interactions. Confirmation of the interaction of @entity27863 with 5 different proteins was also further validated by co-immunoprecipitation or protein overlays. The data here presented provides important insights towards the function of these proteins and opens new possibilities for future research. In fact, such diversity in @entity27863 regulators makes them excellent targets for pharmacological intervention.

title: Identification of the XXXX testis protein phosphatase 1 interactome.

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']