abstract: In a recent article we indicated that rituximab is an active and safe drug in @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 . We report now the updated results of this study. Twenty-five individuals with chronic @entity3039 were treated with intravenous rituximab at the dose of 375 mg/m2 once weekly for 4 weeks. Rituximab infusion-related side effects were observed in 18 @entity1 , but they were of modest intensity and did not require discontinuation of treatment. Long-term side effects included a decreased B-cell count of several months duration in most @entity1 which, however, did not translate into a significant rate of @entity281 . The overall response rate was 52%, with 7 cases showing a sustained response (6 months or longer). In 2 @entity1 with @entity66 , repeat challenge with rituximab induced a new response. In responders a significant rise in platelet concentrations was observed early during the course of treatment, usually 1 week after the first rituximab infusion. No clinical or laboratory parameter was found to predict treatment outcome. In conclusion, we confirm that rituximab can induce long-lasting responses in @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 and has a favorable side effect profile. Therefore, we suggest its use in refractory @entity3039 cases.

title: [Rituximab treatment of XXXX . Results of a phase II study].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity613 is one of the clinical symptoms of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). The presence of @entity3657 is a high risk marker of @entity299 and @entity64 . The @entity3657 screening can be enhanced by the use of questionnaires. The Edinburgh Questionnaire presents in its English version better diagnostic performances compared to the Rose (WHO) Questionnaire. The aim of this study is to precise the performances of the French version of the Edinburgh Questionnaire among a population consulting general practitioners. METHODS: Four centers instructed 10 general practitioners each to the measurement of ankle pressure with a Doppler stethoscope. The physicians administrated the Questionnaire to 10 consecutive consultants in a same day, and measured the pressure on posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis and humeral arteries. With a second questionnaire they collected data concerning age, weight, height, and the presence of major risk factors. The same protocol was repeated a second day on new @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity3657 was based on an ankle-arm index lower than 0.85 for at least on limb. RESULTS: The population studied consisted of 727 subjects (351 females and 376 males). The mean age was at 58.3 +/- 16.1 years (ranging from 18 to 83.3 years). The sensitivity of the Questionnaire is at 47% (95% CI: 32.3-61.7%), the specificity at 98.8% (95% CI: 97.5-99.4%), the positive and negative predictive values are respectively at 73.3% (95% CI: 54.1-87.7%) and 94.8% (95% CI: 94.7-97.6%). Among this population of general practitioners consultants, the prevalence of a low ankle-arm index under 0.85 is at 6.7%. DISCUSSION: The French version of the Edinburgh Questionnaire maintains the very good specificity of the English version. The lower sensitivity could be explained by the choice of the gold standard, namely the ankle-arm index which includes asymptomatic @entity1 with authentic @entity3657 . The use of this Questionnaire can be recommended for the screening of this disease as well as in epidemiological studies.

title: [Validation of a French translation of the Edinburgh claudication questionnaire among general practitioners' XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['Intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3935 , also commonly referred to as @entity774 , occurs when the @entity701 produced by the adrenal glands is insufficient to meet the body's acute needs. The symptoms are nonspecific and can mimic other processes, such as @entity295 . @entity551 , lethargy, and fever can all be presenting signs. @entity3935 can also result from @entity2894 . Pituitary apoplexy usually occurs as @entity548 or @entity39 in the presence of a pre-existing @entity977 , and is a rare sequela of surgery. The symptoms of @entity2894 are typically impressive and are relieved by urgent transsphenoidal decompression. @entity4614 resulting from @entity2894 can be treated with exogenous hormones. The case presented herein illustrates occult @entity2894 that occurred after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. In this @entity1 , the initial signs of @entity3935 were overlooked; however, once recognized, they were reduced dramatically with standard stress-dose @entity821 . A suprasellar mass with a cystic component was found on magnetic resonance imaging. The @entity548 pituitary gland was treated by transsphenoidal decompression, which relieved the @entity1 's @entity1805 and 6th-nerve @entity912 .

title: Pituitary apoplexy presenting as XXXX after coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary addisonian crisis', 'addisonian crisis', 'Addisonian crisis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['Hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal crisis']

answer: @entity3935 :: (MESH:D013958,Disease) :: ['Addisonian crisis']


abstract: The principal biochemical criteria for cure in @entity2012 are normalization of both @entity413 -suppressed GH levels and @entity442 levels. As we have reported previously, measurement of GH by highly sensitive assay in conjunction with @entity442 levels has led to a re-appraisal of "normal" GH suppression criteria during an OGTT in subjects with @entity2012 . In some @entity1 with active @entity2012 , @entity413 -suppressed GH levels as measured by highly sensitive assay are much lower than could previously be appreciated with less sensitive GH assays and some other @entity1 in apparent remission have @entity66 . A question to arise is whether gender differences in @entity413 -suppressed GH levels as found by others in young healthy subjects should be considered in our interpretation of OGTT criteria for cure in @entity2012 . Therefore, we have evaluated parameters of GH secretion in a larger number of subjects from our cohort of postoperative @entity1 with @entity2012 and in healthy subjects in order to determine if gender or age associated differences in these parameters exist. Ninety-two subjects with @entity2012 (49 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 ) and 46 age-matched healthy subjects (26 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ) were evaluated with baseline GH and @entity442 levels and nadir GH levels after a 100 g. OGTT. GH was assayed by highly sensitive IRMA (DSL). Basal GH levels were higher in female than in male healthy subjects, but the fall in GH from baseline (% suppression) was also greater in females resulting in no significant difference in mean nadir GH levels in female vs. male healthy subjects (0.09 vs. 0.08 microg/L). In the subjects with @entity2012 , there were no significant gender differences in basal, %GH suppression or nadir GH levels. Basal and nadir GH levels correlated significantly only in subjects with active disease (r=0.84, p<.0001). Similarly, @entity442 levels correlated significantly with basal (r=0.573, p=.0012), and nadir (r=.702, p<.0001) GH levels only in subjects with active disease. Gender differences in @entity442 levels were not apparent in any group of subjects. As expected, @entity442 levels declined with age in those groups of subjects with normal @entity442 levels. Nadir GH levels did not vary with age. In conclusion, we have not found significant gender or age-related differences in nadir GH levels and thus our data does not support separate OGTT criteria for cure in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2012 .

title: Gender and age in the biochemical assessment of cure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['subtle abnormalities of GH suppression']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity15833 in @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 in a real life setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 164 @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 who were treated with @entity15833 . Eighty-six @entity1 (52.4%) were na  ve. Seventy-seven (46.9%) @entity1 were previously treated with anti-viral drugs, including standard interferon (n=4), pegylated (PEG) interferon (n=14), standard interferon together with @entity16332 (n=13), @entity16332 alone (n=41), @entity24488 (n=2), @entity16332 together with @entity24488 (n=1), and @entity17705 (n=2). Six @entity1 (3.7%) had @entity1575 before treatment of @entity15833 . RESULTS: The @entity1 who have @entity1956 viral DNA>104 copy/mL with chronic @entity1956 were included in the treatment of @entity15833 . Average follow up time was 30.31  14.33 months. @entity97 DNA negativity and @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) normalization were 86.5% and 71.3%, respectively, at the last visit. @entity1956 e-Antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion occurred in 11 (19.6%) out of 164 @entity1 . During the follow-up period, 4 (2.4%) @entity1 developed @entity1575 and in 5 (3%) @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) occurred out of 164 @entity1 . HBsAg seroconversion occurred in one @entity1 (0.6%). CONCLUSION: @entity15833 can be used safely and successfully in those @entity1 that were naive, experienced with immune modulators and/or antivirals, HBeAg-positive, and HBeAg-negative @entity1 .

title: XXXX -best hope for treatment of chronic @entity1956 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir', 'Tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity15833 :: (MESH:C096918,Chemical) :: ['Tenofovir']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity15833 in @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 in a real life setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 164 @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 who were treated with @entity15833 . Eighty-six @entity1 (52.4%) were na  ve. Seventy-seven (46.9%) @entity1 were previously treated with anti-viral drugs, including standard interferon (n=4), pegylated (PEG) interferon (n=14), standard interferon together with @entity16332 (n=13), @entity16332 alone (n=41), @entity24488 (n=2), @entity16332 together with @entity24488 (n=1), and @entity17705 (n=2). Six @entity1 (3.7%) had @entity1575 before treatment of @entity15833 . RESULTS: The @entity1 who have @entity1956 viral DNA>104 copy/mL with chronic @entity1956 were included in the treatment of @entity15833 . Average follow up time was 30.31  14.33 months. @entity97 DNA negativity and @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) normalization were 86.5% and 71.3%, respectively, at the last visit. @entity1956 e-Antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion occurred in 11 (19.6%) out of 164 @entity1 . During the follow-up period, 4 (2.4%) @entity1 developed @entity1575 and in 5 (3%) @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) occurred out of 164 @entity1 . HBsAg seroconversion occurred in one @entity1 (0.6%). CONCLUSION: @entity15833 can be used safely and successfully in those @entity1 that were naive, experienced with immune modulators and/or antivirals, HBeAg-positive, and HBeAg-negative @entity1 .

title: @entity15833 -best hope for treatment of chronic XXXX ?

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the results of treatment of @entity323 in kidney transplant @entity1 with intracavernosal self-injection of vasoactive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated and treated 26 male kidney transplant @entity1 for @entity323 . All @entity1 had stable kidney function 6 to 75 months (mean 26.6 +/- 9) after transplantation. Each @entity1 received an intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ), and after 20 to 30 minutes the response was assessed. Nonresponders received 40 microg. @entity5015 at another visit, and those who showed no response were reinjected with 40 microg. @entity5015 plus 30 mg. @entity3302 . A total of 21 @entity1 were enrolled in a self-injection program and have been followed between 3 and 21 months (mean 11.6 +/- 2.7). RESULTS: Hormonal alterations were seen in 7 patients with serum @entity251 as low as 16.6 ng./ml. (normal 33 to 100), and @entity251 injections gave only marginal response in 2. Intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity5015 provided good response in 15 @entity1 (57.7%), while 40 microg. @entity5015 alone or in combination with 30 mg. @entity3302 resulted in good response in another 6 and 2 @entity1 , respectively. Among the 21 @entity1 who were enrolled in the self-injection program 19 (90.5%) reported complete satisfaction with no adverse local or systemic complications except for @entity158 at the injection site in 4. There has been no change in serum @entity1011 , @entity205 level or doses of immunosuppression medications during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Intracavernosal self-injection of @entity5015 is well accepted and tolerated by kidney transplant @entity1 . It poses no apparent risks to the transplanted kidney and could be a good modality to treat @entity323 in kidney transplant recipients.

title: Treatment of XXXX after kidney transplantation with intracavernosal self-injection of @entity5015 .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine hydrochloride', 'papaverine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the results of treatment of @entity323 in kidney transplant @entity1 with intracavernosal self-injection of vasoactive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated and treated 26 male kidney transplant @entity1 for @entity323 . All @entity1 had stable kidney function 6 to 75 months (mean 26.6 +/- 9) after transplantation. Each @entity1 received an intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ), and after 20 to 30 minutes the response was assessed. Nonresponders received 40 microg. @entity5015 at another visit, and those who showed no response were reinjected with 40 microg. @entity5015 plus 30 mg. @entity3302 . A total of 21 @entity1 were enrolled in a self-injection program and have been followed between 3 and 21 months (mean 11.6 +/- 2.7). RESULTS: Hormonal alterations were seen in 7 patients with serum @entity251 as low as 16.6 ng./ml. (normal 33 to 100), and @entity251 injections gave only marginal response in 2. Intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity5015 provided good response in 15 @entity1 (57.7%), while 40 microg. @entity5015 alone or in combination with 30 mg. @entity3302 resulted in good response in another 6 and 2 @entity1 , respectively. Among the 21 @entity1 who were enrolled in the self-injection program 19 (90.5%) reported complete satisfaction with no adverse local or systemic complications except for @entity158 at the injection site in 4. There has been no change in serum @entity1011 , @entity205 level or doses of immunosuppression medications during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Intracavernosal self-injection of @entity5015 is well accepted and tolerated by kidney transplant @entity1 . It poses no apparent risks to the transplanted kidney and could be a good modality to treat @entity323 in kidney transplant recipients.

title: Treatment of @entity323 after kidney transplantation with intracavernosal self-injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The high cure rate in @entity5 has provoked investigations relating to the quality of life in long-term survivors. We determine the psychosocial consequences of the disease especially in regard to sexual and professional performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the @entity5 @entity1 treated with various treatment modalities 140 rendered free of disease for at least a year were included in this study. General Health Questionnaire 28 and a general survey were used to determine quality of life issues. RESULTS: Regarding the sexual life of these @entity1 , problems related to libido, erection and ejaculation increased significantly during treatment and subsequently recovered but did not return to baseline after treatment. During treatment the frequency of sexual intercourse and/or masturbation decreased significantly in all @entity1 . Of the single @entity1 35% thought that medical history would be a concern for the potential spouse. Regarding professional lives, 22.4% thought that they had better performance after treatment compared to before therapy, whereas only 6.1% reported it to be worse. When professional performance was analyzed according to the treatment modalities those who had received radiotherapy did worse. General Health Questionnaire scores indicated that @entity1 with this disease had a positive view of life compared to that of the normal population. CONCLUSIONS: Although we observed a substantial recovery in sexual life after treatment, it was evident that therapy did have a negative effect on sexual functions. There was no effect on occupational performance and perspective of life, which may be related to the fact of having overcome a life threatening disease.

title: Psychosocial adjustment after XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity364 of the cornea can be sight-threatening and have a worse prognosis than other types of microbial @entity281 . Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRP), which are expressed on the ocular surface, play an important role in the immune response against @entity2348 by activating toll-like receptors (TLRs) or increasing phagocytosis. However, the role of PGLYRPs in innate immune response to fungal pathogens has not been investigated. In this study, we observed a significant induction of three PGLYRPs 2-4 in primary @entity1 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to live or heat-killed @entity5132 (HKCA). The C-type lectin receptor @entity9651 plays a critical role in controlling @entity5132 infections by promoting phagocytic activity and cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we demonstrate that @entity9651 is expressed by normal @entity1 corneal tissue and primary HCECs. HKCA exposure increased expression of @entity9651 on HCECs at mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, @entity9651 neutralizing antibody, IkB-a inhibitor @entity30462 , and NF-kB activation inhibitor @entity59218 blocked NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation, as well as the induction of the PGLYRPs by HKCA in HCECs. Furthermore, rhPGLYRP-2 was found to suppress colony-forming units of @entity5132 in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that @entity9651 is expressed by @entity1 corneal epithelial cells, and @entity9651 /NF-kB signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating @entity5132 /HKCA-induced PGLYRP secretion by HCECs.

title: A Novel Innate Response of XXXX Corneal Epithelium to Heat-killed @entity5132 by Producing Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial corneal infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity59218 :: ('CHEBI:36621', 'Chemical') :: ['quinazoline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity364 of the cornea can be sight-threatening and have a worse prognosis than other types of microbial @entity281 . Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRP), which are expressed on the ocular surface, play an important role in the immune response against @entity2348 by activating toll-like receptors (TLRs) or increasing phagocytosis. However, the role of PGLYRPs in innate immune response to fungal pathogens has not been investigated. In this study, we observed a significant induction of three PGLYRPs 2-4 in primary @entity1 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to live or heat-killed @entity5132 (HKCA). The C-type lectin receptor @entity9651 plays a critical role in controlling @entity5132 infections by promoting phagocytic activity and cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we demonstrate that @entity9651 is expressed by normal @entity1 corneal tissue and primary HCECs. HKCA exposure increased expression of @entity9651 on HCECs at mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, @entity9651 neutralizing antibody, IkB-a inhibitor @entity30462 , and NF-kB activation inhibitor @entity59218 blocked NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation, as well as the induction of the PGLYRPs by HKCA in HCECs. Furthermore, rhPGLYRP-2 was found to suppress colony-forming units of @entity5132 in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that @entity9651 is expressed by @entity1 corneal epithelial cells, and @entity9651 /NF-kB signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating @entity5132 /HKCA-induced PGLYRP secretion by HCECs.

title: A Novel Innate Response of @entity1 Corneal Epithelium to Heat-killed XXXX by Producing Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins.

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study of 603 subjects between 15 and 65 years of age (270 males and 333 females) from a dental teaching center serving a local population in northern Jordan was performed to identify the factors associated with @entity92 ( @entity92 ), clinical attachment level (CAL), @entity1464 ( @entity1464 ), and number of missing teeth (MT). METHODS: All @entity1 were interviewed orally and examined, using a structured questionnaire, by a single examiner. For each @entity1 , the oral hygiene of six selected teeth and periodontal status of all teeth, excluding third molars, were assessed using plaque index (PI), @entity92 , CAL, @entity1464 , and MT. Whole-mouth averages of @entity92 , CAL, and @entity1464 were calculated and used as the outcome variables. RESULTS: Increased age, plaque index, having @entity6 , and smoking more than 15 pack-years were significantly associated with increased @entity92 , CAL, and @entity1464 . Brushing was significantly associated with decreased @entity92 and MT, while brushing more than once per day was associated with increased @entity1464 . Use of dental floss and having @entity101 were significantly associated with increased CAL and @entity1464 . Having peptic ulcers and having @entity566 were significantly associated with increased CAL only. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that increased age, high plaque index, having @entity6 , and smoking more than 15 pack-years are risk indicators of @entity2520 as assessed by @entity92 , CAL, and @entity1464 . Longitudinal, intervention, and etiology-focused studies will establish whether these indicators are true risk factors.

title: Factors associated with XXXX in a dental teaching clinic population in northern Jordan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combination of tumor antigens with immunostimulants is a promising approach in @entity5 immunotherapy. We assessed animal model @entity137 of AS15 combined with various tumor antigens: @entity70662 ( @entity95 ), or p501, dHER2 and recPRAME ( @entity5434 ), administered in seven or 20 dose regimens versus a saline control. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations, followed by extensive post-mortem pathological examinations, were performed on all animals. Blood hematology and biochemistry parameters were also assessed. Antigen-specific antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additional assessments in monkeys included electrocardiography and immunohistochemical evaluations of the p501 expression pattern. Transient increases in body temperature were observed 4 h or 24 h after injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and dHER2   +   AS15. @entity4 and erythema were observed up to 1 week after most injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and all injections of dHER2   +   AS15. No treatment-related effects were observed for electrocardiography parameters. Mean fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in all treated groups compared to controls, but no differences could be observed at the end of the treatment-free period. Transient but significant differences in biochemistry parameters were observed post-injection: lower albumin/globulin ratios (p501   +   AS15), and higher @entity648 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 (dHER2   +   AS15). Pathology examinations revealed significant increases in axillary lymph node mean weights (recPRAME   +   AS15) compared to controls. A 100% seroconversion rate was observed in all treated groups, but not in controls. p501 protein expression was observed in prostates of all monkeys from studies assessing p501   +   AS15. These results suggest a favorable safety profile of the AS15-containing candidate vaccines, supporting the use of AS15 for clinical development of potential anticancer vaccines. Copyright    2015 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Non-clinical safety evaluation of repeated intramuscular administration of the AS15 immunostimulant combined with various antigens in XXXX and @entity5434 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combination of tumor antigens with immunostimulants is a promising approach in @entity5 immunotherapy. We assessed animal model @entity137 of AS15 combined with various tumor antigens: @entity70662 ( @entity95 ), or p501, dHER2 and recPRAME ( @entity5434 ), administered in seven or 20 dose regimens versus a saline control. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations, followed by extensive post-mortem pathological examinations, were performed on all animals. Blood hematology and biochemistry parameters were also assessed. Antigen-specific antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additional assessments in monkeys included electrocardiography and immunohistochemical evaluations of the p501 expression pattern. Transient increases in body temperature were observed 4 h or 24 h after injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and dHER2   +   AS15. @entity4 and erythema were observed up to 1 week after most injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and all injections of dHER2   +   AS15. No treatment-related effects were observed for electrocardiography parameters. Mean fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in all treated groups compared to controls, but no differences could be observed at the end of the treatment-free period. Transient but significant differences in biochemistry parameters were observed post-injection: lower albumin/globulin ratios (p501   +   AS15), and higher @entity648 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 (dHER2   +   AS15). Pathology examinations revealed significant increases in axillary lymph node mean weights (recPRAME   +   AS15) compared to controls. A 100% seroconversion rate was observed in all treated groups, but not in controls. p501 protein expression was observed in prostates of all monkeys from studies assessing p501   +   AS15. These results suggest a favorable safety profile of the AS15-containing candidate vaccines, supporting the use of AS15 for clinical development of potential anticancer vaccines. Copyright    2015 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Non-clinical safety evaluation of repeated intramuscular administration of the AS15 immunostimulant combined with various antigens in @entity95 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: Vascularised fibular grafts (VFGs ) are a valuable surgical technique in limb salvage after resection of a @entity5 . The primary objective of this multicentre study was to assess the risk factors for failure and complications for using a VFG after resection of a @entity5 . The study involved 74 consecutive @entity1 (45 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 with mean age of 23 years (1 to 64) from four tertiary centres for orthopaedic oncology who underwent reconstruction using a VFG after resection of a @entity5 between 1996 and 2011. There were 52 primary and 22 secondary reconstructions. The mean follow-up was 77 months (10 to 195). In all, 69 @entity1 (93%) had successful limb salvage; all of these united and 65 (88%) showed @entity1184 of the graft. The mean time to union differed between those involving the upper (28 weeks; 12 to 96) and lower limbs (44 weeks; 12 to 250). @entity174 occurred in 11  (15%), and nonunion in 14 (19%) @entity1 . In 35 @entity1 (47%) at least one complication arose, with a greater proportion in lower limb reconstructions, non-bridging osteosynthesis, and in @entity1 . These complications resulted in revision surgery in 26 @entity1 (35%). VFG is a successful and durable technique for reconstruction of a defect in bone after resection of a @entity5 , but is accompanied by a significant risk of complications, that often require revision surgery. Union was not markedly influenced by the need for chemo- or radiotherapy, but should not be expected during chemotherapy. Therefore, restricted weight-bearing within this period is advocated. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:853-61.

title: The vascularised fibular graft for limb salvage after XXXX surgery: a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bone tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The most feared complication after treatment with recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) is the occurrence of symptomatic @entity1779 (sICH). The aims of the study were to predict the risk of sICH ( @entity1605 ) after a therapy with rt-PA and to examine whether associations exist between SEDAN score and the early mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity385 in a monocenter study. METHODS: During a 6-year period (2008-2013), 542 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 (mean age, 73      3  years; 51.1% @entity1 ; median NIHSS score, 11) treated with IV thrombolysis were included in a monocenter study. SICH was diagnosed in according to the with @entity1605 . RESULTS: The absolute risk for sICH revealed 9.2% (95% CI, 6.5-11.4) of @entity1 treated with IV thrombolysis and was 0%, 4.6% (95% CI, 1.3-7.9), 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-10.5), 13.5% (95% CI, 6.7-19.2), 23.6% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5), and 26.7% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and >= 5 SEDAN points. Logistic regression revealed that sICH was associated with increasing SEDAN scores (OR, 1.93 per SEDAN point; 95% CI, 1.51-2.46; P  <  0.001). The predictive performance was assessed with area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80; P  <  0.001). During hospitalization (median, 9  days), 53 @entity1 (9.8%; 95% CI, 7.4-12.45) died. In-hospital mortality was higher in @entity1 with than those without sICH (30 vs 7.7%; P  <  0.001), and it was increased with increasing SEDAN score (OR, 1.45 per point; 95% CI, 1.12-1.89; P  =  0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Higher SEDAN score was associated with an increased risk of sICH and early mortality in this monocenter study.

title: Predicting risk of symptomatic XXXX and mortality after treatment with recombinant @entity1456 using SEDAN score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['ECASS II definition']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The most feared complication after treatment with recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) is the occurrence of symptomatic @entity1779 (sICH). The aims of the study were to predict the risk of sICH ( @entity1605 ) after a therapy with rt-PA and to examine whether associations exist between SEDAN score and the early mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity385 in a monocenter study. METHODS: During a 6-year period (2008-2013), 542 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 (mean age, 73      3  years; 51.1% @entity1 ; median NIHSS score, 11) treated with IV thrombolysis were included in a monocenter study. SICH was diagnosed in according to the with @entity1605 . RESULTS: The absolute risk for sICH revealed 9.2% (95% CI, 6.5-11.4) of @entity1 treated with IV thrombolysis and was 0%, 4.6% (95% CI, 1.3-7.9), 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-10.5), 13.5% (95% CI, 6.7-19.2), 23.6% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5), and 26.7% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and >= 5 SEDAN points. Logistic regression revealed that sICH was associated with increasing SEDAN scores (OR, 1.93 per SEDAN point; 95% CI, 1.51-2.46; P  <  0.001). The predictive performance was assessed with area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80; P  <  0.001). During hospitalization (median, 9  days), 53 @entity1 (9.8%; 95% CI, 7.4-12.45) died. In-hospital mortality was higher in @entity1 with than those without sICH (30 vs 7.7%; P  <  0.001), and it was increased with increasing SEDAN score (OR, 1.45 per point; 95% CI, 1.12-1.89; P  =  0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Higher SEDAN score was associated with an increased risk of sICH and early mortality in this monocenter study.

title: Predicting risk of symptomatic @entity1779 and mortality after treatment with recombinant XXXX using SEDAN score.

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue-plasminogen activator']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12523 is a rare @entity792 usually seen in @entity1 and very rarely in adults. It typically presents with a triad of @entity1319 , @entity2045 and @entity2055 , and is most often associated with a @entity5 or after an @entity281 or vaccination. Around half of all adult cases are paraneoplastic in origin, and isolated case reports include associations with lung, @entity5344 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever reported case of paraneoplastic @entity12523 occurring in association with a @entity189 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old British Caucasian @entity1 presented with left-sided @entity7867 and subjective @entity393 . Over the coming weeks she developed subacute @entity911 and dizziness, leading to recurrent falls. Her clinical examination revealed @entity1319 , @entity2045 and signs of @entity76 . Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left-sided @entity189 , which was confirmed on biopsy. A tapering dose of @entity230 and a five-day course of intravenous immunoglobulins, followed by a combination of chemo-radiotherapy for the @entity189 , led to a significant clinical improvement. At six months follow-up she had no signs of focal @entity51 , apart from the inability to tandem walk. We believe that the typical clinical features, presence of a @entity5 and response to treatment support a paraneoplastic aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: We show that a @entity189 can be associated with adult onset @entity12523 . Both neurologists and otorhinolaryngologists must be aware of such a presentation. @entity751 depends on early and adequate management of the @entity5 , therefore prompt identification of the syndrome and the underlying @entity5 is essential.

title: @entity12523 associated with a XXXX in an adult: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Prognosis of the syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity12523 :: ('MESH:D053578', 'Disease') :: ['Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome', 'opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['opsoclonus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12523 is a rare @entity792 usually seen in @entity1 and very rarely in adults. It typically presents with a triad of @entity1319 , @entity2045 and @entity2055 , and is most often associated with a @entity5 or after an @entity281 or vaccination. Around half of all adult cases are paraneoplastic in origin, and isolated case reports include associations with lung, @entity5344 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever reported case of paraneoplastic @entity12523 occurring in association with a @entity189 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old British Caucasian @entity1 presented with left-sided @entity7867 and subjective @entity393 . Over the coming weeks she developed subacute @entity911 and dizziness, leading to recurrent falls. Her clinical examination revealed @entity1319 , @entity2045 and signs of @entity76 . Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left-sided @entity189 , which was confirmed on biopsy. A tapering dose of @entity230 and a five-day course of intravenous immunoglobulins, followed by a combination of chemo-radiotherapy for the @entity189 , led to a significant clinical improvement. At six months follow-up she had no signs of focal @entity51 , apart from the inability to tandem walk. We believe that the typical clinical features, presence of a @entity5 and response to treatment support a paraneoplastic aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: We show that a @entity189 can be associated with adult onset @entity12523 . Both neurologists and otorhinolaryngologists must be aware of such a presentation. @entity751 depends on early and adequate management of the @entity5 , therefore prompt identification of the syndrome and the underlying @entity5 is essential.

title: XXXX associated with a @entity5 in an adult: a case report.

answer: @entity12523 :: (MESH:D053578,Disease) :: ['Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome']


abstract: At the Danish Veterinary Laboratory @entity11769 infections in @entity1707 were diagnosed in 114 cases in 1995 and in 151 cases in 1996. Isolates were serotyped using specific antisera against type 1 through 28 and a total of 67 cases from 1995 and 113 cases in 1996 were tested for resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents. The majority of cases were @entity358 (57%), followed by @entity295 (16%), @entity693 (15%) and @entity884 (8%). Almost 96% of the isolates could be typed using the 28 antisera. The most common serotype was serotype 2 (29%), followed by serotype 7 (17%), and serotypes 3, 4 and 8 (9-10%). The remaining serotypes were observed in frequencies of less than 5%. Serotype 7 was more commonly isolated from @entity295 than the other serotypes. Serotype 2 was more commonly isolated from @entity1707 older than 4 weeks compared to the other serotypes. Most isolates were susceptible to @entity115 + @entity798 , @entity869 , @entity21563 , @entity14116 , @entity114 , @entity6760 , @entity11181 and @entity206 + @entity4766 . A high frequency (> 30%) of resistance to @entity803 was observed. Among isolates of serotype 2, 9.7% were resistant to @entity6186 and 12.9% to @entity7912 . Among other serotypes 56.8% were resistant to @entity6186 and @entity7912 . The differences in susceptibility between isolates of serotype 2 and the other serotypes were statistically significant. Compared to a previous Danish study the distribution of serotypes of @entity11769 causing infections among @entity1707 in Denmark has changed during the last 15 years.

title: Serological characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of XXXX isolates from diagnostic samples in Denmark during 1995 and 1996.

entities_list: @entity11769 :: ('1307', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus suis', 'S. suis']

entities_list: @entity21563 :: ('MESH:C053503', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftiofur']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadiazine']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity6186 :: ('MESH:D008034', 'Chemical') :: ['lincomycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7912 :: ('MESH:D015572', 'Chemical') :: ['spiramycin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity11769 :: (1307,Species) :: ['Streptococcus suis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 mortality was studied in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil in the period from 1990 to 1992 using data from @entity204 certificates collected at the registry office, by the application of methods for obtaining a collective diagnosis which will assist in the identification and choice of strategies for the control of local problems. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The original data were corrected using documental research into health services and household interviews. Data of the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) was used to study variables such as maternal age and birthweight. The quality of original @entity204 certificates was initially analyzed using the amount of information, sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value. RESULTS: The global sensitivity for the underlying cause was 78.84% and Kappa 71.32% for the total of causes. One hundred and eighty-nine @entity204 occurred, 66.15% of them in the neonatal period, (41.28% during the first day of life) and 33.85% in late childhood. The birthweight of 58.28% of @entity204 was less than 2.500 g. The underlying causes of @entity204 were studied the by possibility, of their avoidance (a method developed by Erica Taucher), by a "reduced" group of causes (utilized in International Collaborative Effort (ICE)), multiple causes statistics and geographical distribution. It was observed that in the @entity204 occurring up to 27 days, 22.23% could have been avoided by adequate care during labour, and 20.64% could have been avoided by early diagnosis and early treatment, 13.75% by good pregnancy care and only 7.94% were unavoidable. Of the @entity204 occurring in late childhood, 12.17% were classified as of avoidable causes and 4.23% were considered as unavoidable. Using ICE groups, 58.74% died of @entity44 or @entity1763 , 19.58 of @entity281 and 12.17% from @entity154 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that priority be given to obstetrical care at delivery and during labour and to the pediatric care of low birth weight, among others. The analysis using multiple causes statistics shows that 76.05% of the @entity204 have underlying causes related to @entity4670 and confirms the relationship with the @entity353 of the newborn. The maternal complications were also related to @entity353 . Great differences were identified in @entity1 mortality rates in urban zones not only restricted to the value of the rates but also to the diseases responsible for the occurrence of @entity204 . We therefore conclude that there is an advantage to be gained in using the four methods, which are complementary, for studying or planning actions with a view to prevent @entity1 mortality.

title: [ XXXX mortality in a midwestern municipality of the State of S  o Paulo, Brazil, 1990 to 1992].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal disorders']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity652 is not established. Options include surgical excision, endoscopic ablative techniques, snare excision, and observation with periodic biopsies. The aims of this retrospective study were to determine the safety and outcome of snare excision of the papilla. METHODS: Twenty-eight snare excisions of the papilla were performed in 26 @entity1 . Sixteen had @entity1412 . In 22 procedures, a minisnare was used, and in 6 cases a prototype snare was designed for excision of the papilla. Pancreatic stents were placed as a prophylactic measure at the discretion of the endoscopist (n = 10). RESULTS: Histopathologically, resected tissue included 25 @entity652 , 1 inflammatory polyp, 1 invasive @entity5 . Immediate complications were @entity548 (n = 2), mild @entity788 (n = 4) and a duodenal perforation (n = 1). The presence (n = 10) or absence (n = 18) of a pancreatic stent did not correlate with subsequent @entity788 (2 in each group, p = NS). Follow-up was available for 21 @entity1 (median, 9 months; range, 2-32 months). @entity788 at the papillectomy site resulted in @entity788 in 2 @entity1 (17%) at, respectively, 4 months and 24 months. Follow-up endoscopy revealed recurrent/residual adenomatous tissue in 2 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Snare excision of the major @entity9317 was well tolerated. Most complications were mild except for a small duodenal perforation. @entity850 of the pancreatic duct orifice with @entity788 may be a late complication.

title: Safety and outcome of endoscopic snare excision of the major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'Pancreatic duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['minor bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy, and 1 normal papilla']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma of the major duodenal papilla']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal papilla']

answer: @entity9317 :: (MESH:D004382,Disease) :: ['duodenal papilla']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate indication, technical key during surgery and early results of humeral head replacement for the treatment of complicated proximal humerus @entity174 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 who received humeral head replacement were reviewed with a mean follow-up period of 6.8 months. Of the 16 @entity1 , 15 suffered acute @entity174 with the mean interval between injury and surgery being 8 days. 1 case was a malunion after ORIF 1 year ago. The mean age for these @entity1 were 58.9 years. @entity130 series X-rays were taken at post-operation 2-week, 6-week, 10-week, 16-week 6-month and the latest follow-up. SST (Simple Shoulder Test) questionnaire, ASES (American Shoulder _ Elbow Surgeon) score, Constant-Murley score and UCLA score had been adopted for evaluation at the latest follow-up. RESULTS: The mean ASES score was 89.1 (64 - 94); the mean VAS score was 2.7 (0 - 5); the mean forward flexion was 128.1 degrees (90 degrees - 150 degrees ), external rotation 35 degrees (30 degrees - 40 degrees ), internal rotation at T8-T9 level (L1-T6); the mean Constant-Murley score was 85.7 (53 - 95); the mean UCLA score was 30.4 (21 - 33); the mean number of questions for "yes" in SST questionnaire was 9.3 (7 - 11). The total satisfaction rate for @entity158 relief was 93.8% (15/16), and functional recovery was 87.5% (14/16). CONCLUSIONS: Through strict indication control, appropriate timing, meticulous surgical techniques and long intense rehabilitation, satisfactory results can be obtained in humeral head replacement for the treatment of complicated proximal humerus @entity174 . Our report is only a preliminary one on early results, and a long-term follow-up data is needed for further evaluation.

title: [Humeral head replacement for the complex treatment of proximal humerus XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The search for asymptomatic @entity1204 is facilitated if the vaginal smears of the following categories of @entity1 are scrutinized with particular care: 1. Smears of postmenopausal @entity1 with excessive maturation of squamous cells of unexplained etiology. 2. Smears of any @entity1 in the 5th decade of life or older who has a history of @entity548 or staining. 3. Smears displaying evidence of marked @entity39 and histiocytes. 4. Smears of postmenopausal @entity1 containing endometrial cells whether appearing normal or abnormal. 5. Smears from premenopausal @entity1 containing endometrial cells 3 days after cessation of menstrual @entity548 , and certainly after the 12th day of cycle.

title: [Cytology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: A multiple-dose administration study of @entity17082 (0.5-50 mg/day after breakfast for 7 days) was conducted in 32 normal healthy postmenopausal Japanese @entity1 using a single-blind, 3-step dose-titration method in order to investigate the safety, effect on serum concentration, amount of urinary @entity172 excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Subjective/objective symptoms, in which a causal relationship with @entity17082 administration could not be excluded, were as follows: @entity10 (8 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups, 2 in the 10 mg group and 4 in the 50 mg group), dizziness (2 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups), and fever (1 in the 25 mg group), all of which were mild and disappeared without treatment. The only abnormal laboratory findings were a mild increase in levels of GOT and @entity6283 in 1 case and in the number of basophils in another case. There were no notable abnormal findings in vital signs, body weight or EKG. A dose-dependent decrease in serum @entity172 level was observed between doses of 0.5 mg and 25 mg. The decrease was maximal at 25 mg, at which serum @entity172 concentrations decreased to 14-27% of those observed at day 0. This decrease was maintained for one week, returning to baseline levels 2 weeks after the completion of drug administration. A similar result was also observed in the suppression of 24-hour urinary @entity172 excretion. @entity17082 was absorbed immediately after initial administration, reaching Cmax 0.9-2.6 hours post-administration. This was followed by a rapid decrease over the next 4-8 hours followed by a gradual decrease Cmax reached normal steady state values on day 5. Cmax and AUC0-24 values taken between administration of the first and final doses increased proportionally in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that @entity17082 has a linear pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, results of the comparison of the trough concentrations of the initial dose with those of the final dose suggested no accumulative effects of the study drug.

title: [Phase I multiple-dose administration study of XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['Exemestane', 'exemestane']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity17082 :: (MESH:C056516,Chemical) :: ['exemestane']


abstract: A multiple-dose administration study of @entity17082 (0.5-50 mg/day after breakfast for 7 days) was conducted in 32 normal healthy postmenopausal Japanese @entity1 using a single-blind, 3-step dose-titration method in order to investigate the safety, effect on serum concentration, amount of urinary @entity172 excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Subjective/objective symptoms, in which a causal relationship with @entity17082 administration could not be excluded, were as follows: @entity10 (8 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups, 2 in the 10 mg group and 4 in the 50 mg group), dizziness (2 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups), and fever (1 in the 25 mg group), all of which were mild and disappeared without treatment. The only abnormal laboratory findings were a mild increase in levels of GOT and @entity6283 in 1 case and in the number of basophils in another case. There were no notable abnormal findings in vital signs, body weight or EKG. A dose-dependent decrease in serum @entity172 level was observed between doses of 0.5 mg and 25 mg. The decrease was maximal at 25 mg, at which serum @entity172 concentrations decreased to 14-27% of those observed at day 0. This decrease was maintained for one week, returning to baseline levels 2 weeks after the completion of drug administration. A similar result was also observed in the suppression of 24-hour urinary @entity172 excretion. @entity17082 was absorbed immediately after initial administration, reaching Cmax 0.9-2.6 hours post-administration. This was followed by a rapid decrease over the next 4-8 hours followed by a gradual decrease Cmax reached normal steady state values on day 5. Cmax and AUC0-24 values taken between administration of the first and final doses increased proportionally in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that @entity17082 has a linear pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, results of the comparison of the trough concentrations of the initial dose with those of the final dose suggested no accumulative effects of the study drug.

title: [Phase I multiple-dose administration study of @entity17082 in postmenopausal XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Many of the symptoms experienced by @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) develop insidiously and have often been misinterpreted as normal aging. The purpose of this study was to quantify @entity2742 @entity1 ' preoperative symptoms prospectively and study the impact of successful surgical intervention on these symptoms. Altogether 63 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity2742 and 54 comparison @entity1 with nontoxic @entity1374 were prospectively enrolled in the study. An outcome questionnaire documenting symptoms with a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. The questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and at 7 to 10 days and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. At 1 year the questionnaire also included a general health assessment and quality of life index. Demographic data and follow-up blood work was obtained. Descriptive statistics, parametric comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA), and nonparametric comparisons (Mann-Whitney U-test) were calculated. The @entity2742 group demonstrated a significant decrease in reported symptoms between the preoperatively assessment and 7 to 10 days after operation (p < 0.001). There were no further statistically significant decreases in the @entity2742 group's symptoms at 3 and 12 months, but there was a trend for these symptoms to decrease over time. @entity2742 @entity1 perceived a 60% increase in their general health at 1 year; the comparison group perceived no increase. There was no significant change in the symptoms reported by the comparison group between each of the study intervals. Surgical intervention on @entity2742 @entity1 significantly reduces preoperative symptoms, and this reduction is most marked within the first 10 days after surgery.

title: Prospective surgical outcome study of relief of symptoms following surgery in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Many of the symptoms experienced by @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) develop insidiously and have often been misinterpreted as normal aging. The purpose of this study was to quantify @entity2742 @entity1 ' preoperative symptoms prospectively and study the impact of successful surgical intervention on these symptoms. Altogether 63 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity2742 and 54 comparison @entity1 with nontoxic @entity1374 were prospectively enrolled in the study. An outcome questionnaire documenting symptoms with a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. The questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and at 7 to 10 days and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. At 1 year the questionnaire also included a general health assessment and quality of life index. Demographic data and follow-up blood work was obtained. Descriptive statistics, parametric comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA), and nonparametric comparisons (Mann-Whitney U-test) were calculated. The @entity2742 group demonstrated a significant decrease in reported symptoms between the preoperatively assessment and 7 to 10 days after operation (p < 0.001). There were no further statistically significant decreases in the @entity2742 group's symptoms at 3 and 12 months, but there was a trend for these symptoms to decrease over time. @entity2742 @entity1 perceived a 60% increase in their general health at 1 year; the comparison group perceived no increase. There was no significant change in the symptoms reported by the comparison group between each of the study intervals. Surgical intervention on @entity2742 @entity1 significantly reduces preoperative symptoms, and this reduction is most marked within the first 10 days after surgery.

title: Prospective surgical outcome study of relief of symptoms following surgery in XXXX with @entity459 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between lipid-rich cells of the @entity652 and precontrast computed tomographic (CT) attenuation numbers in three clinical groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five surgically resected @entity652 were used. The clinical diagnoses of the @entity1 included 13 cases of @entity1368 , 15 cases of @entity699 , and 7 non-functioning @entity5 . The number of lipid-rich clear cells was counted using a microscopic eyepiece grid that contained 100 squares. The results were expressed as the percentages of lipid-rich areas. RESULTS: There was a strong inverse linear relationship between the percentage of lipid-rich cells and the precontrast CT attenuation number (R(2)=0.724, P<0.0001). There were significantly more lipid-rich cells in the @entity1368 and @entity5 cases compared to cases of @entity699 (P=0.007 and 0.015, respectively). The CT attenuation numbers of the @entity1368 cases were significantly lower than those of @entity699 (P=0.0052). Furthermore, the CT attenuation numbers of the @entity5 cases were lower than those of @entity699 cases. CONCLUSION: We showed that @entity652 in @entity1368 and non-functioning @entity5 contain significantly more lipid-rich cells than those in @entity699 . They also showed significantly lower attenuation than that in @entity699 on CT scans. Our results suggest that precontrast CT attenuation numbers may be helpful in the differentiation of @entity652 from @entity1412 , which include @entity5 .

title: XXXX : relationship between histologic lipid-rich cells and CT attenuation number.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-functioning tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['non-adenomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adrenal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adrenal adenomas']


abstract: @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is a malignancy that has good prognosis especially among @entity1 up to 45 years of age; about half of the @entity1 are female and of childbearing age. Lymph node recurrence (LNR) occurs in 10%-14% of @entity1 but is considered to be associated with relatively good prognosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between @entity1 age at primary operation, and the behavior of the disease after LNR. Between 1967 and 1994, 495 @entity1 underwent surgery for primary @entity3557 at the Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital. There were 391 (79.0%) @entity1 and 104 (21.0%) @entity1 with a mean age of 44.5 years (range, 10.8-85.4 years). Fifty-eight @entity1 in whom LNR was the first clinical sign of persistent disease after complete clinical response to primary treatment were included in this series. At the time of primary operation, 37 (64.3%) of the 58 @entity1 who developed LNR were younger than 45 years of age and 21 @entity1 were older. The mean times to LNR in these groups were 42.0 months (range, 3.0-194.5 months) and 49.0 months (range, 3.6-209.0 months) respectively. @entity189 -specific 5-year survival after LNR was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.8%-100.0%) in @entity1 ages up to 45 years and 61.1% (40.5%-82.8%) in older @entity1 ; 10-year survival rates were 100%, and 41.3% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Relative survival at 10 years was 98.6% for @entity1 ages up to 45 years and 42.6% for older @entity1 (p = 0.0014). Using the Cox model it was shown that development of LNR after primary treatment has an independent highly significant negative effect on survival (p < 0.001) in @entity1 over 45 years of age. Prognosis of @entity3557 even after LNR on @entity1 ages up to 45 years at the time of the primary operation is almost parallel to the normal reference population, but in @entity1 over 45 years of age the prognosis is relatively poor.

title: Prognosis after lymph node recurrence in XXXX depends on age.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Tumor @entity39 factors ( @entity4909 ; @entity310 and @entity4909 ) are major pro-inflammatory cytokines that are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity565 . However, the functions of genetic polymorphisms in these cytokines have not been thoroughly examined in the context of @entity565 pathology. In an effort to discover polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) have been implicated in @entity565 phenotypes, we examined the genetic effects of @entity4909 ( @entity310 and @entity4909 ) polymorphisms on @entity565 and total serum IgE level. Seven common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in @entity4909 genes were genotyped in a Korean @entity565 cohort (asthmatics n=550, normal controls n=171). Six common haplotypes could be constructed in the @entity4909 gene cluster due to very strong LD between @entity310 and @entity4909 , located 13 kb apart on chromosome 6p21. One SNP ( @entity310 @entity15646 ) showed a significant association with the risk of @entity565 (P=0.0004). The frequency of @entity310 -308A allele-containing genotype in asthmatics (9.8%) was much lower than that in normal controls (22.9%). The protective effects of this polymorphism on @entity565 were also evident in separated subgroups by atopic status (P=0.05 in non-atopic subjects and P=0.003 in atopic subjects). The most common haplotype of the @entity4909 gene ( @entity4909 -ht1[GGTCCGG]) was associated with total serum IgE (immunoglobulin E) levels in @entity565 @entity1 , especially in non-atopic @entity1 (P=0.004). Genetic variants of @entity4909 might be involved in development of @entity565 and total serum IgE level in @entity565 @entity1 . The results of this study could be helpful to understand the function of important @entity4909 genes in @entity565 and IgE production.

title: Association of tumor XXXX factor polymorphisms with @entity565 and serum total IgE.

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Tumor @entity39 factors ( @entity4909 ; @entity310 and @entity4909 ) are major pro-inflammatory cytokines that are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity565 . However, the functions of genetic polymorphisms in these cytokines have not been thoroughly examined in the context of @entity565 pathology. In an effort to discover polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) have been implicated in @entity565 phenotypes, we examined the genetic effects of @entity4909 ( @entity310 and @entity4909 ) polymorphisms on @entity565 and total serum IgE level. Seven common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in @entity4909 genes were genotyped in a Korean @entity565 cohort (asthmatics n=550, normal controls n=171). Six common haplotypes could be constructed in the @entity4909 gene cluster due to very strong LD between @entity310 and @entity4909 , located 13 kb apart on chromosome 6p21. One SNP ( @entity310 @entity15646 ) showed a significant association with the risk of @entity565 (P=0.0004). The frequency of @entity310 -308A allele-containing genotype in asthmatics (9.8%) was much lower than that in normal controls (22.9%). The protective effects of this polymorphism on @entity565 were also evident in separated subgroups by atopic status (P=0.05 in non-atopic subjects and P=0.003 in atopic subjects). The most common haplotype of the @entity4909 gene ( @entity4909 -ht1[GGTCCGG]) was associated with total serum IgE (immunoglobulin E) levels in @entity565 @entity1 , especially in non-atopic @entity1 (P=0.004). Genetic variants of @entity4909 might be involved in development of @entity565 and total serum IgE level in @entity565 @entity1 . The results of this study could be helpful to understand the function of important @entity4909 genes in @entity565 and IgE production.

title: Association of tumor @entity39 factor polymorphisms with XXXX and serum total IgE.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Previously, we reported finding duplicated fixNOQP operons in @entity34388 . One of these duplicated operons is located in the symbiotic plasmid (fixNOQPd), while the other is located in a cryptic plasmid (fixNOQPf). Although a novel FixL-FixKf regulatory cascade participates in microaerobic expression of both fixNOQP duplicated operons, we found that a mutation in fixL eliminates fixNOQPf expression but has only a moderate effect on expression of fixNOQPd. This suggests that there are differential regulatory controls. Interestingly, only the fixNOQPd operon was essential for symbiotic @entity1568 fixation (L. Girard, S. Brom, A. D  valos, O. Lopez, M. Sober  n, and D. Romero, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13:1283-1292, 2000). Searching for potential candidates responsible for the differential expression, we characterized two fnrN homologs (encoding transcriptional activators of the cyclic @entity860 receptor protein [CRP]-Fnr family) in @entity34388 . One of these genes (fnrNd) is located on the symbiotic plasmid, while the other (fnrNchr) is located on the chromosome. Analysis of the expression of the fnrN genes using transcriptional fusions with lacZ showed that the two fnrN genes are differentially regulated, since only fnrNd is expressed in microaerobic cultures of the wild-type strain while fnrNchr is negatively controlled by FixL. Mutagenesis of the two fnrN genes showed that both genes participate, in conjunction with FixL-FixKf, in the microaerobic induction of the fixNOQPd operon. Participation of these genes is also seen during the symbiotic process, in which mutations in fnrNd and fnrNchr, either singly or in combination, lead to reductions in @entity1568 fixation. Therefore, @entity34389 employs a regulatory circuit for induction of the fixNOQPd operon that involves at least three transcriptional regulators of the CRP-Fnr family. This regulatory circuit may be important for ensuring optimal production of the cbb(3), terminal oxidase during symbiosis.

title: Regulation of gene expression in response to oxygen in @entity34389 : role of FnrN in fixNOQP expression and in symbiotic XXXX fixation.

entities_list: @entity34388 :: ('347834', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium etli CFN42', 'R. etli CFN42']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: Previously, we reported finding duplicated fixNOQP operons in @entity34388 . One of these duplicated operons is located in the symbiotic plasmid (fixNOQPd), while the other is located in a cryptic plasmid (fixNOQPf). Although a novel FixL-FixKf regulatory cascade participates in microaerobic expression of both fixNOQP duplicated operons, we found that a mutation in fixL eliminates fixNOQPf expression but has only a moderate effect on expression of fixNOQPd. This suggests that there are differential regulatory controls. Interestingly, only the fixNOQPd operon was essential for symbiotic @entity1568 fixation (L. Girard, S. Brom, A. D  valos, O. Lopez, M. Sober  n, and D. Romero, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13:1283-1292, 2000). Searching for potential candidates responsible for the differential expression, we characterized two fnrN homologs (encoding transcriptional activators of the cyclic @entity860 receptor protein [CRP]-Fnr family) in @entity34388 . One of these genes (fnrNd) is located on the symbiotic plasmid, while the other (fnrNchr) is located on the chromosome. Analysis of the expression of the fnrN genes using transcriptional fusions with lacZ showed that the two fnrN genes are differentially regulated, since only fnrNd is expressed in microaerobic cultures of the wild-type strain while fnrNchr is negatively controlled by FixL. Mutagenesis of the two fnrN genes showed that both genes participate, in conjunction with FixL-FixKf, in the microaerobic induction of the fixNOQPd operon. Participation of these genes is also seen during the symbiotic process, in which mutations in fnrNd and fnrNchr, either singly or in combination, lead to reductions in @entity1568 fixation. Therefore, @entity34389 employs a regulatory circuit for induction of the fixNOQPd operon that involves at least three transcriptional regulators of the CRP-Fnr family. This regulatory circuit may be important for ensuring optimal production of the cbb(3), terminal oxidase during symbiosis.

title: Regulation of gene expression in response to oxygen in XXXX : role of FnrN in fixNOQP expression and in symbiotic @entity1568 fixation.

answer: @entity34389 :: (29449,Species) :: ['Rhizobium etli']


abstract: @entity11704 has multiple homologues of most of the @entity526 chemotaxis genes, organized in three major operons and other, unlinked, loci. These include cheA(1) and cheR(1) (che Op(1)) and cheA(2), cheR(2), and cheB(1) (che Op(2)). In-frame deletions of these cheR and cheB homologues were constructed and the chemosensory behaviour of the resultant mutants examined on swarm plates and in tethered cell assays. Under the conditions tested, CheR(2) and CheB(1) were essential for normal chemotaxis, whereas CheR(1) was not. cheR(2) and cheB(1), but not cheR(1), were also able to complement the equivalent @entity526 mutants. However, none of the proteins were required for the correct polar localization of the chemoreceptor McpG in @entity11704 . In @entity526 , CheR binds to the NWETF motif on the high-abundance receptors, allowing methylation of both high- and low-abundance receptors. This motif is not contained on any @entity11704 chemoreceptors thus far identified, although 2 of the 13 putative chemoreceptors, McpA and TlpT, do have similar sequences. This suggests that CheR(2) either interacts with the NWETF motif of @entity526 @entity5498 -accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), even though its native motif may be slightly different, or with another conserved region of the MCPs. @entity1042 release measurements show that @entity11704 has an adaptation system that is different from that of @entity3881 and @entity526 , with @entity1042 release measurable on the addition of attractant but not on its removal. Intriguingly, CheA(2), but not CheA(1), is able to phosphorylate CheB(1), suggesting that signaling through CheA(1) cannot initiate feedback receptor adaptation via CheB(1)-P.

title: CheR- and CheB-dependent chemosensory adaptation system of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['R. sphaeroides', 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol', 'Methanol']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']


abstract: @entity3404 uses starch as a source of @entity505 and energy. Early steps in the pathway of starch utilization, such as starch binding and starch hydrolysis, are encoded by sus genes, which have been characterized previously. The sus structural genes are expressed only if cells are grown in medium containing @entity7969 or higher oligomers of @entity413 . Regulation of the sus structural genes is mediated by SusR, an activator that is encoded by a gene located next to the sus structural genes. A strain with a disruption in susR cannot grow on starch but can still grow on @entity7969 and @entity21840 . A search for transposon-generated mutants that could not grow on @entity7969 and @entity21840 unexpectedly located a gene, designated malR, which regulates expression of an alpha-glucosidase not controlled by SusR. Although a disruption in susR did not affect expression of the malR controlled gene, a disruption in malR reduced expression of the sus structural genes. Thus, MalR appears to participate with SusR in regulation of the sus genes. Results of transcriptional fusion assays and reverse transcription-PCR experiments showed that malR is expressed constitutively. Moreover, multiple copies of malR provided on a plasmid (5 to 10 copies per cell) more than doubled the amount of alpha-glucosidase activity in cell extracts. Our results demonstrate that the starch utilization system of @entity3404 is controlled on at least two levels by the regulatory proteins SusR and MalR.

title: New regulatory gene that contributes to control of XXXX starch utilization genes.

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron', 'B. thetaiotaomicron']

entities_list: @entity21840 :: ('MESH:C008317', 'Chemical') :: ['maltotriose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3404 :: (818,Species) :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron']


abstract: Sequencing of the @entity238 genome has revealed that there are "silent" homologues of many important genes-family members that were not detected by classic genetic approaches. Why have so many homologues been conserved during evolution? Perhaps each one has a different but important function in every system. Perhaps each one works independently in a different part of the body. Or, perhaps some are redundant. Here, we take one well known gene family and analyze how the individual members contribute to the making of one system, the tracheae. There are seven DWnt genes in the @entity238 genome, including wingless (wg). The wg gene helps to pattern the developing @entity825 but is not responsible for all Wnt functions there. We test each one of the seven DWnts in several ways and find evidence that wg and @entity39679 can function in the developing @entity825 : when both genes are removed together, the phenotype is identical or very similar to that observed when the Wnt pathway is shut down. @entity39679 is expressed near the tracheal cells in the embryo in a different pattern to wg but is also transduced through the canonical Wnt pathway. We find that the seven DWnt genes vary in their effectiveness in specific tissues, such as the tracheae, and, moreover, the epidermis and the tracheae respond to @entity39679 and Wg differently. We suggest that the main advantage of retaining a number of similar genes is that it allows more subtle forms of control and more flexibility during evolution.

title: Seven Wnt homologues in XXXX : a case study of the developing tracheae.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Identification of @entity1 with @entity1002 is the first step in identifying which @entity1 may benefit from clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a computerized tool using clinical information that is commonly available to identify @entity1 with @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of @entity1 seen in a Department of Veterans Affairs General Internal Medicine Clinic who had echocardiography or radionuclide ventriculography performed as part of their clinical care. RESULTS: We identified 2246 subjects who had at least one cardiac imaging study. A total of 778 (34.6%) subjects met study criteria for @entity1002 . Subjects with @entity1002 were slightly older than subjects without @entity1002 (70 years vs 68 years, P =.00002) but were similar with regard to sex and race. Subjects with @entity1002 were more likely to have prescriptions for @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, @entity1405 , digoxin, loop diuretics, @entity2514 , @entity3362 , and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Of the variables included in the final predictive model, @entity1289 inhibitors, loop diuretics, and @entity6838 exerted the greatest predictive power. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that models containing pharmacy information were consistently more accurate (75% accurate [65% sensitivity, 81% specificity]) than those models that contained only International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9), codes, including ICD-9 codes for @entity712 (72% accurate [80% sensitivity, 68% specificity]). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that an automated, computer-driven algorithm identifying @entity1002 permits simple, rapid, and timely identification of @entity1 with @entity712 by use of only routinely collected data. Future research is needed to develop accurate electronic identification of @entity712 and other common chronic conditions.

title: Comparing methods to identify general internal medicine clinic @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVSD', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Identification of @entity1 with @entity1002 is the first step in identifying which @entity1 may benefit from clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a computerized tool using clinical information that is commonly available to identify @entity1 with @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of @entity1 seen in a Department of Veterans Affairs General Internal Medicine Clinic who had echocardiography or radionuclide ventriculography performed as part of their clinical care. RESULTS: We identified 2246 subjects who had at least one cardiac imaging study. A total of 778 (34.6%) subjects met study criteria for @entity1002 . Subjects with @entity1002 were slightly older than subjects without @entity1002 (70 years vs 68 years, P =.00002) but were similar with regard to sex and race. Subjects with @entity1002 were more likely to have prescriptions for @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, @entity1405 , digoxin, loop diuretics, @entity2514 , @entity3362 , and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Of the variables included in the final predictive model, @entity1289 inhibitors, loop diuretics, and @entity6838 exerted the greatest predictive power. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that models containing pharmacy information were consistently more accurate (75% accurate [65% sensitivity, 81% specificity]) than those models that contained only International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9), codes, including ICD-9 codes for @entity712 (72% accurate [80% sensitivity, 68% specificity]). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that an automated, computer-driven algorithm identifying @entity1002 permits simple, rapid, and timely identification of @entity1 with @entity712 by use of only routinely collected data. Future research is needed to develop accurate electronic identification of @entity712 and other common chronic conditions.

title: Comparing methods to identify general internal medicine clinic XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few cases of @entity340 have been reported. Whether the eustachian valve is an uncommon site for a vegetation to be attached or whether the disease is missed because a systematic approach to this valve is not routinely performed in the search for @entity47 is not known. METHODS: Every @entity1 suspected of having @entity884 undergoes a specific approach, which includes a systematic study of the eustachian valve. In 10 @entity1 with large valves but without signs and symptoms of @entity884 , we identified 2 specific findings: width <3 mm and a regular oscillating movement. A blinded evaluation in the 10 control subjects and 30 @entity1 with right-sided @entity884 , including the 5 with @entity340 , showed an agreement of 97% (39/40). RESULTS: Five of 152 @entity1 with right-sided @entity884 were found to have @entity340 (3.3%). @entity1 were young (age range 22-34 years) and all had predisposing factors (3 intravenous drug abusers, 2 central venous lines), fever, and @entity1151 . @entity794 was cultured in all cases. Tricuspid involvement was found in 4 @entity1 , and only 1 @entity1 had isolated @entity340 . All @entity1 did well with culture-guided antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity340 may be more frequent than is believed. Thus a systematic interrogation of the eustachian valve should be included in the echocardiographic examination of a @entity1 suspected of having @entity884 .

title: XXXX : Is it worth searching for?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['septic pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['eustachian valve vegetations', 'eustachian valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Eustachian valve endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative risks and advantages of using external jugular vein (EJV) patch, compared with @entity736 ( @entity736 ) patch, during carotid endarterectomy. The primary end point was the relevant neurologic complication rate (RNCR; fatal or disabling @entity64 ) at any time during follow-up. Secondary end points included @entity64 -free survival, 30-day and long-term mortality, recurrent @entity850 rate (> or =50%), occlusion, @entity281 , @entity439 formation, and other local complications. METHODS: The study, a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out at a single center, was divided into two 3-year phases: December 1996 to March 1999, when @entity1 were enrolled, and March 1999 to March 2002, which was the follow-up period. Inclusion criteria included an external jugular vein suitable for patching, defined as vein diameter 3 mm or larger and absence of collateral vessels noted on preoperative color duplex ultrasound scans. @entity1 were prospectively randomized 1:1 to receive either the EJV (n = 80; group A) or synthetic (n = 80; group B) patch. RESULTS: Carotid endarterectomy and patching was performed by one surgeon. At 30 months the RNCR-free rate, analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method, was 98.7% for group A (1 ipsilateral @entity64 ) and 94.6% for group B (4 ipsilateral disabling @entity64 ), and remained stable to 60 months. No statistical difference was observed with the log-rank test. @entity64 -free survival rate was 100% for group A and 98.7% for group B at 1 year, 98.7% for group A and 93.6% for group B (1 ipsilateral @entity64 ) at 30 months, and was unchanged at 60 months. Life table analysis demonstrated freedom from significant recurrent @entity850 (> or =50%) of 97.5% for both groups at 6 months, 93.6% for group A and 92.2% for group B at 30 months, and 90.2% for group A and 86.7% for group B at 60 months. No statistical difference was observed with the log-rank test. In no @entity1 was recurrent @entity850 greater than 70%. No @entity439 formation was noted during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude, with the power limitation of the study, that carotid endarterectomy can be safely performed with either the EJV or @entity736 patch. Advantages of the EJV for carotid angioplasty include no cost for material, low risk for graft infection, and preservation of the saphenous vein.

title: Prospective, randomized study of external jugular vein patch versus XXXX patch during carotid endarterectomy: perioperative and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'minor stroke', 'lethal stroke']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['patch infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prenatal sonographic findings in fetuses with @entity14526 can predict ambulatory potential and the need for postnatal shunt placement. STUDY DESIGN: Ongoing pregnancies complicated by isolated @entity14526 from January 1996 to March 2000 were studied retrospectively. Static images and reports generated every 3-4 weeks from diagnosis until delivery were reviewed for lesion level and type, ventricular width, and lower extremity appearance. Operative summaries as well as neonatal and pediatric charts were reviewed. Ambulatory was defined in @entity1 > or =2 years old as walking with or without appliances. In those <2 years of age, ambulatory was defined as at least 4/5 lower extremity muscle strength. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases of isolated @entity14526 were identified. Lower (more caudal) lesion levels and smaller ventricular size were associated with ambulatory status in univariate analyses (P <.001, P =.003, respectively). No @entity1 with a @entity1514 was ambulatory (n = 11); all had @entity1276 diagnosed prenatally and all required shunt placement. In contrast, all @entity1 with L4-sacral lesions (n = 10) were ambulatory, and 60% had @entity1276 diagnosed prenatally. Of @entity1 with L1-L3 lesions (n = 12), 50% were ambulatory. In this group, ambulatory potential could not be determined by the presence of @entity1276 , ventricular size, or the presence of @entity5149 . In the entire cohort, no @entity1 with a myeloschisis was ambulatory, and all @entity1 except one with a sacral lesion required postnatal shunt placement. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic determination of lesion level and type is useful in predicting the ambulatory potential of fetuses with @entity14526 .

title: Can prenatal ultrasound findings predict ambulatory status in fetuses with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesion']

entities_list: @entity14526 :: ('MESH:D016137', 'Disease') :: ['open spina bifida']

answer: @entity14526 :: (MESH:D016137,Disease) :: ['open spina bifida']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity1150 as a cause of @entity6008 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A population-based, case-control study was conducted in Central and North Auckland, New Zealand. Cases comprised 241 @entity1 aged 40 to 99 years and on the electoral roll, with current @entity6008 (all types). Cases were identified by means of notification from health professionals and by self-referral. Controls were 224 @entity1 in the same age group, without @entity6008 , who were selected from the electoral roll by using a stratified random sampling process. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of leg @entity1066 as a consequence of exposure to @entity1150 or being at high risk of @entity1150 (that is, @entity1 with a family history of @entity1150 , and/or a history of @entity174 and/or hip, leg, or foot surgery). RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors, @entity1 who had a diagnosed @entity1031 were at almost three times higher risk of having a leg @entity1066 (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47 to 6.08). In addition, @entity1 who had been at high risk of a @entity49 but were not diagnosed with this condition (eg, @entity1 with a history of major leg surgery) were also at increased risk of @entity1066 (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.49-3.42). Overall, 56% (95% CI, 33% - 71%) of @entity6008 were attributed to being at high risk of @entity1150 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1150 and factors that place @entity1 at high risk of @entity1150 are an important cause of @entity6008 in older @entity1 . This finding strengthens the rationale for the routine and long-term use of thromboprophylaxis, particularly in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Leg XXXX as a long-term complication of @entity1150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['leg fracture']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'Deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['leg ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulceration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity1150 as a cause of @entity6008 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A population-based, case-control study was conducted in Central and North Auckland, New Zealand. Cases comprised 241 @entity1 aged 40 to 99 years and on the electoral roll, with current @entity6008 (all types). Cases were identified by means of notification from health professionals and by self-referral. Controls were 224 @entity1 in the same age group, without @entity6008 , who were selected from the electoral roll by using a stratified random sampling process. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of leg @entity1066 as a consequence of exposure to @entity1150 or being at high risk of @entity1150 (that is, @entity1 with a family history of @entity1150 , and/or a history of @entity174 and/or hip, leg, or foot surgery). RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors, @entity1 who had a diagnosed @entity1031 were at almost three times higher risk of having a leg @entity1066 (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47 to 6.08). In addition, @entity1 who had been at high risk of a @entity49 but were not diagnosed with this condition (eg, @entity1 with a history of major leg surgery) were also at increased risk of @entity1066 (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.49-3.42). Overall, 56% (95% CI, 33% - 71%) of @entity6008 were attributed to being at high risk of @entity1150 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1150 and factors that place @entity1 at high risk of @entity1150 are an important cause of @entity6008 in older @entity1 . This finding strengthens the rationale for the routine and long-term use of thromboprophylaxis, particularly in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Leg @entity1066 as a long-term complication of XXXX .

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']