abstract: PURPOSE: Over 40% of the permanent population of Norfolk Island possesses a unique genetic admixture dating to Pitcairn Island in the late 18(th) century, with descendents having varying degrees of combined Polynesian and European ancestry. We conducted a population-based study to determine the prevalence and causes of @entity1939 and @entity4064 on Norfolk Island. METHODS: All permanent residents of Norfolk Island aged >=  15 years were invited to participate. @entity1 completed a structured questionnaire/interview and underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS: We recruited 781 @entity1 aged >=  15, equal to 62% of the permanent population, 44% of whom could trace their ancestry to Pitcairn Island. No one was bilaterally blind. Prevalence of @entity1939 (visual acuity [VA] < 6/60) in those aged >=  40 was 1.5%. @entity1939 was more common in females (P=0.049) and less common in @entity1 with Pitcairn Island ancestry (P<0.001). The most common causes of @entity1939 were @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), @entity4457 , and @entity726 . Five @entity1 had @entity4064 (Best-Corrected VA < 6/18 in better eye), with 4 (80%) due to @entity1020 . @entity1 with Pitcairn Island ancestry had a lower prevalence of @entity1020 (P<0.001) but a similar prevalence of @entity726 to those without Pitcairn Island ancestry. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1939 and @entity227 in this isolated Australian territory is low, especially amongst those with Pitcairn Island ancestry. @entity1020 was the most common cause of @entity4064 . The distribution of chronic @entity2194 on Norfolk Island is similar to mainland Australian estimates.

title: Prevalence of chronic XXXX in a genetic isolate: the Norfolk Island Eye Study (NIES).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['Blindness', 'unilateral blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral blindness and low vision', 'low vision']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify factors that influence @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity421 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-two @entity1 with recurrent @entity421 were retrospectively reviewed. The first-line treatment included surgery of the @entity75 and chemotherapy with @entity1499 , @entity632 , @entity900 , and @entity1260 . RESULTS: The projected 5-year @entity1349 rate was 28%. @entity1 who had complete surgery of recurrence had a 5-year @entity1349 of 39%, whereas for those who did not have complete surgery, @entity1349 was 0% at 3 years (P <.0001). In the latter group, @entity1349 was not influenced by site of recurrence and relapse-free interval (RFI), although it was influenced (P =.006) by the use of second-line chemotherapy ( @entity1349 , 53% at 12 months for @entity1 who received chemotherapy v 12% for those who did not). In @entity1 who had complete surgery, @entity1349 was influenced by site of relapse (5-year @entity1349 , lung 44%, other 19%; P <.06), RFI (5-year @entity1349 at < or = 24 months, 20%; at > 24 months, 60%; P <.0001), and number of lung metastases (5-year @entity1349 , two or fewer nodules, 59%; more than two nodules, 14%; P <.0001) but not by the use of a second-line chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSION: RFI, site of metastases, and number of pulmonary nodules are the main prognostic factors for @entity1349 in @entity421 . Complete surgery of recurrence is pivotal in the strategy of treatment. @entity1 with unresectable recurrence benefit from second-line chemotherapy, whereas our data do not support a generalized use of chemotherapy after complete surgery of first recurrence.

title: Postrelapse survival in XXXX of the extremities: prognostic factors for long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma of the extremity', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'postrelapse survival']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis examined prognostic significance of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) parameters combined with baseline clinical factors on outcomes (overall survival, time to progressive disease, and time to treatment failure) in @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Outcome and HRQoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire C30) data were collected prospectively in a phase III study assessing @entity136 and @entity900 versus @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 in locally advanced or metastatic @entity150 . Prespecified baseline clinical factors (performance status, @entity5 -node- @entity3 staging, visceral metastases [VM], alkaline phosphatase [AP] level, number of metastatic sites, prior radiotherapy, disease measurability, sex, time from diagnosis, and sites of disease) and selected HRQoL parameters (global QoL; all functional scales; symptoms: @entity158 , @entity1295 , @entity22 , @entity1353 , @entity448 ) were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards model. Factors with individual prognostic value (P <.05) on outcomes in univariate models were assessed for joint prognostic value in a multivariate model. A final model was developed using a backward selection strategy. RESULTS: @entity1 with baseline HRQoL were included (364 of 405, 90%). The final model predicted longer survival with low/normal AP levels, no VM, high physical functioning, low role functioning, and no @entity448 . Positive prognostic factors for time to progressive disease were good performance status, low/normal AP levels, no VM, and minimal @entity1295 ; for time to treatment failure, they were low/normal AP levels, minimal @entity1295 , and no @entity448 . Global QoL was a significant predictor of outcome in univariate analyses but was not retained in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION: HRQoL parameters are independent prognostic factors for outcome in advanced @entity150 ; their prognostic importance needs further evaluation.

title: Health-related quality-of-life parameters as independent prognostic factors in advanced or metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity4968 in @entity1 in the Caribbean country of Antigua and Barbuda, including the incidence, the types of substances ingested, the age of the @entity1 involved, and the clinical outcomes. The results from Antigua and Barbuda were compared with the results of other reports from the English-speaking Caribbean and from the United States of America. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the charts of all @entity1 less than 13 years old admitted to the @entity1 's Ward at Holberton Hospital in Antigua for @entity4968 between March 1989 and March 1999. Those data were compared with data from earlier reports from Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and the United States of America. RESULTS: In Antigua and Barbuda there were 255 hospital admissions for @entity4968 among @entity1 below 13 years old over that 10-year period. Of the 255 ingestions, 115 of them (45%) were in 1-year-old @entity1 , 69 (27%) were in 2-year-old @entity1 , and 26 (10%) were in 3-year-old @entity1 . These proportions in Antigua and Barbuda are similar to the age patterns seen in the other countries with which we made comparisons. In Antigua and Barbuda there was an annual average of 26 hospital admissions for @entity4968 for the roughly 20,000 @entity1 below 13 years of age, for a rate of 1.3 per 1,000. In comparing the patterns of childhood @entity4968 in all the countries we studied, we found that, as economic levels rose, there was a shift in the substances ingested, with @entity7294 and plant ingestions decreasing and chemical and medication ingestions increasing. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing variety and complexity of poisonous substances ingested as economic conditions improve. This trend would make the establishment of a poison control center for the English-speaking Caribbean a logical step.

title: The spectrum of accidental childhood XXXX in the Caribbean.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning', 'accidental poisoning']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a pharmacokinetic analysis is useful for both predicting and monitoring the response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity957 treated with preoperative CRT and surgery were enrolled. They underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI before (n   =   23), and after CRT (n   =   20). We estimated four parameters: arrival time of contrast medium (TA), exchange rate constant from the extracellular extravascular space (EES) to plasma (k(ep)), elimination of contrast medium from the central compartment (k(el)) and an amplitude scaling constant ( @entity3798 ) using the @entity35621 model. The histological evaluation of the effects of CRT was performed according to Ohboshi and Shimosato's classification. We analysed the correlation between the parameters and the histological evaluation. RESULTS: The pre-CRT @entity3798 between the responders and non-responders was significantly different (P   =   0.046), however, the three parameters (TA, K(ep), K(el)) were not significantly different among the groups (P   =   0.76, P   =   0.60, P   =   0.09). As @entity3798 decreased, the @entity5 response improved. The change in the @entity3798 between the pre- and post-CRT of responders was significantly higher than that of non-responders (P   =   0.043). CONCLUSION: The @entity3798 , which is affected by the ratio of the EES, was an important parameter for predicting and monitoring the @entity5 response to CRT.

title: Prediction and monitoring of the response to chemoradiotherapy in oral XXXX using a pharmacokinetic analysis based on the dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of oncostatin M receptor beta ( @entity18037 ) has been reported in @entity1 @entity5 , however its role in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) remains unknown. Using differential display, earlier we reported the identification of an alternatively spliced variant of @entity18037 in @entity1721 . Here in we characterized this novel variant encoding a soluble form of this receptor (sOSMRb) and determined its clinical significance and correlation with the expression of oncostatin ( @entity9255 ) and @entity1778 inhibitory factor receptor beta ( @entity7168 b) in @entity1721 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico analysis was carried out to characterize the differentially expressed transcript of @entity18037 and its expression was determined in ESCCs and matched normal esophageal tissues using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of both truncated and full length @entity18037 proteins were analyzed in @entity1721 tissues and @entity1 ' sera using western blotting and immunoprecipitation. By immunoprecipitation we have also shown direct interaction between sOSMRB and @entity9255 . We also explored the relationship between expression of @entity9255 and its receptors, @entity18037 and LIFRb, in primary @entity1 ESCCs and normal epithelia using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Overexpression of alternatively spliced @entity18037 b transcript was detected by RT-PCR in 9 of 11 ESCCs. Analysis of the soluble receptor revealed absence of sOSMRb protein in esophageal tissues, however, immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis showed its presence in sera of @entity1721 @entity1 further confirming expression of the alternatively spliced @entity18037 b in @entity1721 @entity1 . Immunohistochemical analysis in @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) format showed expression of @entity18037 , @entity7168 and @entity9255 in 11/50 (23%), 47/50 (94%) and 47/50 (94%) ESCCs, respectively. Strong correlation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of LIFRb and @entity9255 in @entity5 cells (p = 0.000, O.R = 50, 95%CI = 8-31.9), and nuclear expression of LIFRb and @entity9255 (p = 0.039 OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-8.2), suggesting that LIFRb serves as the major receptor in ESCCs. CONCLUSION: An alternatively spliced variant of @entity18037 transcribing a soluble form of this receptor has been characterized in @entity1721 . We speculate that the truncated @entity18037 characterized here in may act as a neutralizing receptor for @entity9255 . Our immunohistochemical study showed that @entity18037 and its pathway is not activated in ESCCs.

title: Overexpression of a splice variant of oncostatin M receptor beta in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of oncostatin M receptor beta ( @entity18037 ) has been reported in @entity1 @entity5 , however its role in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) remains unknown. Using differential display, earlier we reported the identification of an alternatively spliced variant of @entity18037 in @entity1721 . Here in we characterized this novel variant encoding a soluble form of this receptor (sOSMRb) and determined its clinical significance and correlation with the expression of oncostatin ( @entity9255 ) and @entity1778 inhibitory factor receptor beta ( @entity7168 b) in @entity1721 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico analysis was carried out to characterize the differentially expressed transcript of @entity18037 and its expression was determined in ESCCs and matched normal esophageal tissues using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of both truncated and full length @entity18037 proteins were analyzed in @entity1721 tissues and @entity1 ' sera using western blotting and immunoprecipitation. By immunoprecipitation we have also shown direct interaction between sOSMRB and @entity9255 . We also explored the relationship between expression of @entity9255 and its receptors, @entity18037 and LIFRb, in primary @entity1 ESCCs and normal epithelia using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Overexpression of alternatively spliced @entity18037 b transcript was detected by RT-PCR in 9 of 11 ESCCs. Analysis of the soluble receptor revealed absence of sOSMRb protein in esophageal tissues, however, immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis showed its presence in sera of @entity1721 @entity1 further confirming expression of the alternatively spliced @entity18037 b in @entity1721 @entity1 . Immunohistochemical analysis in @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) format showed expression of @entity18037 , @entity7168 and @entity9255 in 11/50 (23%), 47/50 (94%) and 47/50 (94%) ESCCs, respectively. Strong correlation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of LIFRb and @entity9255 in @entity5 cells (p = 0.000, O.R = 50, 95%CI = 8-31.9), and nuclear expression of LIFRb and @entity9255 (p = 0.039 OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-8.2), suggesting that LIFRb serves as the major receptor in ESCCs. CONCLUSION: An alternatively spliced variant of @entity18037 transcribing a soluble form of this receptor has been characterized in @entity1721 . We speculate that the truncated @entity18037 characterized here in may act as a neutralizing receptor for @entity9255 . Our immunohistochemical study showed that @entity18037 and its pathway is not activated in ESCCs.

title: Overexpression of a splice variant of oncostatin M receptor beta in XXXX @entity1721 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the relationship between the ages initiating @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) and bladder function in healthy kindergarteners. @entity1 AND METHODS: In 3 years, we evaluated urinary continence status and bladder function in 318 healthy kindergarteners. @entity1 with @entity154 , @entity16 , or @entity717 were excluded. A parent completed the questionnaire including the age at initiation and the duration of @entity1494 , the current status of daytime and nighttime continence, the age of attaining daytime and nighttime continence, frequency of defecation and Bristol Stool Scale. All @entity1 underwent uroflowmetry and @entity41 ( @entity41 ) examinations. RESULTS: Finally, 235 respondents (106 @entity1 /129 @entity1 , mean age = 4.8    0.9 years) were eligible for analysis. The mean age initiating @entity1494 was 24.4    8.4 months (range: 1-52 months). @entity1 started @entity1494 earlier than @entity1 (23.3 months vs. 25.7 months, P = 0.03). @entity1 started daytime @entity1494 earlier ( <= 18, 19-24, and >24 months, N = 66, 71, and 98, respectively) was associated with earlier attainment of both daytime and nighttime continence (correlation coefficient = 0.60 and 0.31, respectively, P < 0.01). @entity1 started nighttime @entity1494 earlier (<30 months vs. >=  30 months) was associated with early attainment of nighttime continence and lower rate of enuresis (14.3% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.01). The prevalence rate of repeat abnormal uroflow patterns and repeat elevated @entity41 (>20 ml) was not different between early and late @entity1494 . CONCLUSION: Early toilet training for urine was associated with early attainment of both daytime and nighttime urinary continence, and does not appear to be associated with @entity1494 .

title: Early initiation of toilet training for urine was associated with early urinary continence and does not appear to be associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['TTU', 'toilet training for urinary continence', 'bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['post-void residual urine', 'PVR']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disability']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder dysfunction']


abstract: Hungary has accomplished a resolute BCG programme since 1959 to control @entity378 in @entity1 . High rates of @entity1 and adult @entity378 incidence (over 200 and 300 per hundred thousand respectively) persisted before 1959. At that time the "Budapest" BCG strain received from the Pasteur Institute in 1933 was used for facultative vaccination. In 1954, vaccination became compulsory for the newborn but was not applied regularly with the "Budapest" BCG strain which showed diminished allergenic and immunogenic potency. To improve BCG policy revaccination became obligatory in 1959 up to the age of 20 years performed by specialized BCG nurses. Paris 1102, then P1173 BCG Seed-Lot strains have been used since 1960, dose: 100,000-300,000 VU in 0.1 ml i.d. route to obtain the required protective immunity (tuberculin conversion) and acceptable reactogenicity. In the scope of the systematic BCG primo and revaccination programme 7.8 million vaccinations have been performed since 1959. Between 1959 and 1970 the incidence in @entity1 dropped from 250 to 10 per hundred thousand, then to 1 per hundred thousand between 1971 and 1982. In 1982 the adult population had 21-32 per hundred thousand bacillary positive incidence and prevalence rates maintaining the risk of infection for @entity1 . Therefore, in 1983, it was decided to continue the compulsory revaccination policy to strengthen immunity for @entity1 of 10 years old and for adults of 20 years old.

title: BCG policy and XXXX control in Hungary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The spontaneously @entity6 BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) @entity35 was used to examine the role of glycemic control in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 and @entity644 . Nondiabetic BB/ @entity35 (group 1) were compared with moderately (group 2) and severely (group 3) @entity1602 @entity6 animals of similar age. Urinary protein excretion and morphometric measurements of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) width and mesangial area were performed after 4, 8, and 12 mo of study. At 4 mo, urinary protein excretion both in group 2 (9.3 +/- 0.7 mg/24 h) and group 3 (24.8 +/- 1.98 mg/24 h) exceeded that in group 1 (5.4 +/- 0.6 mg/24 h; P less than .05). Moreover, @entity644 in group 3 was significantly greater than in group 2 (P less than .05). In addition, @entity644 increased in group 3 animals between 4 and 12 mo of study but did not advance in groups 1 or 2. @entity631 width in both @entity6 groups (168.8 +/- 2.4 and 165.7 +/- 2.2 nm, groups 2 and 3, respectively) exceeded that in group 1 (148.3 +/- 3.8 nm; P less than .01) by 4 mo. At 12 mo, severely @entity1602 group 3 animals had significantly greater @entity631 thickening than group 2. @entity631 width increased in all three groups over the course of study, but the rate of growth did not differ between groups 1 and 2. However, the rate of growth in group 3 was greater than in either group 1 or group 2. Urinary protein excretion correlated significantly with @entity631 width in @entity6 @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glomerulopathy in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 . Impact of glycemic control.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The spontaneously @entity6 BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) @entity35 was used to examine the role of glycemic control in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 and @entity644 . Nondiabetic BB/ @entity35 (group 1) were compared with moderately (group 2) and severely (group 3) @entity1602 @entity6 animals of similar age. Urinary protein excretion and morphometric measurements of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) width and mesangial area were performed after 4, 8, and 12 mo of study. At 4 mo, urinary protein excretion both in group 2 (9.3 +/- 0.7 mg/24 h) and group 3 (24.8 +/- 1.98 mg/24 h) exceeded that in group 1 (5.4 +/- 0.6 mg/24 h; P less than .05). Moreover, @entity644 in group 3 was significantly greater than in group 2 (P less than .05). In addition, @entity644 increased in group 3 animals between 4 and 12 mo of study but did not advance in groups 1 or 2. @entity631 width in both @entity6 groups (168.8 +/- 2.4 and 165.7 +/- 2.2 nm, groups 2 and 3, respectively) exceeded that in group 1 (148.3 +/- 3.8 nm; P less than .01) by 4 mo. At 12 mo, severely @entity1602 group 3 animals had significantly greater @entity631 thickening than group 2. @entity631 width increased in all three groups over the course of study, but the rate of growth did not differ between groups 1 and 2. However, the rate of growth in group 3 was greater than in either group 1 or group 2. Urinary protein excretion correlated significantly with @entity631 width in @entity6 @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glomerulopathy in spontaneously @entity6 XXXX . Impact of glycemic control.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: There is abundant epidemiological evidence that @entity3494 is an environmental carcinogen related to @entity1 @entity5 of the skin, lung, liver and urinary bladder, in particular. @entity3495 ( @entity3496 ) has also been reported to act as a carcinogen/or a promoter in @entity35 models. To elucidate molecular mechanisms, we conducted an 18 month carcinogenicity study of @entity3496 in @entity899 heterozygous (+/-) knockout @entity19 , which are susceptible to early spontaneous development of various types of @entity5 , and wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6J @entity19 . Totals of 88-90 males, 7-8 weeks of age, were divided into three groups each administered 0, 50 or 200 p.p.m. @entity3496 in their drinking water for 18 months. @entity19 that were found moribund or died before the end of the study were autopsied to evaluate the @entity5 induction levels, as well as those killed at the end. Both @entity899 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity19 demonstrated spontaneous @entity5 development, but lesions were more prevalent in the knockout case. Carcinogenic effect of @entity3496 was evident by significant early induction of @entity5 in both treated @entity899 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity19 , significant increase of the @entity5 multiplicity in 200 p.p.m.-treated @entity899 (+/-) knockout @entity19 , and by significant increase in the incidence and @entity5 ( @entity706 ) in the treated wild-type @entity19 . By the end of 80 weeks, @entity5 induction, particularly @entity706 and @entity242 , were similar in treated and control @entity899 (+/-) knockout @entity19 . No evidence for organ- @entity5 specificity of @entity3496 was obtained. Molecular analysis using PCR-SSCP techniques revealed no @entity899 mutations in lymphomas from either @entity899 (+/-) knockout or wild-type @entity19 . In conclusion, @entity3496 primarily exerted its carcinogenic effect on spontaneous development of @entity5 with both of the animal genotypes investigated here.

title: Carcinogenicity of XXXX in @entity899 heterozygous knockout and wild-type C57BL/6J @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'multiplicity of tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3495 :: ('MESH:D002101', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylarsinic acid']

answer: @entity3495 :: (MESH:D002101,Chemical) :: ['dimethylarsinic acid']


abstract: There is abundant epidemiological evidence that @entity3494 is an environmental carcinogen related to @entity1 @entity5 of the skin, lung, liver and urinary bladder, in particular. @entity3495 ( @entity3496 ) has also been reported to act as a carcinogen/or a promoter in @entity35 models. To elucidate molecular mechanisms, we conducted an 18 month carcinogenicity study of @entity3496 in @entity899 heterozygous (+/-) knockout @entity19 , which are susceptible to early spontaneous development of various types of @entity5 , and wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6J @entity19 . Totals of 88-90 males, 7-8 weeks of age, were divided into three groups each administered 0, 50 or 200 p.p.m. @entity3496 in their drinking water for 18 months. @entity19 that were found moribund or died before the end of the study were autopsied to evaluate the @entity5 induction levels, as well as those killed at the end. Both @entity899 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity19 demonstrated spontaneous @entity5 development, but lesions were more prevalent in the knockout case. Carcinogenic effect of @entity3496 was evident by significant early induction of @entity5 in both treated @entity899 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity19 , significant increase of the @entity5 multiplicity in 200 p.p.m.-treated @entity899 (+/-) knockout @entity19 , and by significant increase in the incidence and @entity5 ( @entity706 ) in the treated wild-type @entity19 . By the end of 80 weeks, @entity5 induction, particularly @entity706 and @entity242 , were similar in treated and control @entity899 (+/-) knockout @entity19 . No evidence for organ- @entity5 specificity of @entity3496 was obtained. Molecular analysis using PCR-SSCP techniques revealed no @entity899 mutations in lymphomas from either @entity899 (+/-) knockout or wild-type @entity19 . In conclusion, @entity3496 primarily exerted its carcinogenic effect on spontaneous development of @entity5 with both of the animal genotypes investigated here.

title: Carcinogenicity of @entity3495 in XXXX heterozygous knockout and wild-type C57BL/6J @entity19 .

answer: @entity899 :: (22060(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: There is abundant epidemiological evidence that @entity3494 is an environmental carcinogen related to @entity1 @entity5 of the skin, lung, liver and urinary bladder, in particular. @entity3495 ( @entity3496 ) has also been reported to act as a carcinogen/or a promoter in @entity35 models. To elucidate molecular mechanisms, we conducted an 18 month carcinogenicity study of @entity3496 in @entity899 heterozygous (+/-) knockout @entity19 , which are susceptible to early spontaneous development of various types of @entity5 , and wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6J @entity19 . Totals of 88-90 males, 7-8 weeks of age, were divided into three groups each administered 0, 50 or 200 p.p.m. @entity3496 in their drinking water for 18 months. @entity19 that were found moribund or died before the end of the study were autopsied to evaluate the @entity5 induction levels, as well as those killed at the end. Both @entity899 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity19 demonstrated spontaneous @entity5 development, but lesions were more prevalent in the knockout case. Carcinogenic effect of @entity3496 was evident by significant early induction of @entity5 in both treated @entity899 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity19 , significant increase of the @entity5 multiplicity in 200 p.p.m.-treated @entity899 (+/-) knockout @entity19 , and by significant increase in the incidence and @entity5 ( @entity706 ) in the treated wild-type @entity19 . By the end of 80 weeks, @entity5 induction, particularly @entity706 and @entity242 , were similar in treated and control @entity899 (+/-) knockout @entity19 . No evidence for organ- @entity5 specificity of @entity3496 was obtained. Molecular analysis using PCR-SSCP techniques revealed no @entity899 mutations in lymphomas from either @entity899 (+/-) knockout or wild-type @entity19 . In conclusion, @entity3496 primarily exerted its carcinogenic effect on spontaneous development of @entity5 with both of the animal genotypes investigated here.

title: Carcinogenicity of @entity3495 in @entity899 heterozygous knockout and wild-type C57BL/6J XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Soluble fibres, such as guar gum, promote and @entity3505 bran or methylcellulose protect from chemically induced @entity694 , relative to the effect of a fibre-free diet in @entity35 . Mechanisms are poorly understood. Whereas all fibres are trophic to the colonic epithelium, the heterogeneity of effects on @entity105 may reflect different effects on the total number of crypts and, therefore, the size of the stem cell population. This study aimed to assess this hypothesis. @entity35 were fed one of fibre-free diets with or without 10% @entity3505 bran, methylcellulose or guar gum for 4 weeks. The distal colons were stained with @entity6693 and quantified for the number and density of crypts using an image analysis system. Epithelial proliferative kinetics was measured stathmokinetically. Methodology for quantifying crypts was valid and reproducible. @entity35 fed a fibre-free diet had @entity694 , as shown by a decrease in crypt column height and a lower mitotic index. Fibre supplementation prevented the @entity194 and was associated with @entity2133 areas that were 30-60% larger than those in the fibre-free group (P < 0.001, ANOVA), with the @entity7522 group being the largest (1.16 microm(2)). The crypt density of the fibre-free group was 16-19% greater than those in fibre fed groups (P + 0.006), due to the smaller size of the crypts. However, there was no difference in the total number of crypts across the four dietary groups (P > 0.1). Distal colons in all of the dietary groups contained approximately 10(5) crypts. In conclusion, although variation in the amount or type of dietary fibre exerts heterogeneous effects on the growth of the colonic epithelium and on @entity694 , the total number of crypts in the distal colon remains constant. It is, therefore, unlikely that fibres influence carcinogenic events by altering the size of the stem cell population.

title: The trophic effect of dietary fibre is not associated with a change in total crypt number in the distal colon of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['crypt mouth']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'atrophic distal colon']

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity715 of the small intrahepatic veins has been suggested to trigger liver tissue remodelling. We evaluated the prevalence of multiple @entity715 risk factors and their association with the extent of @entity82 in @entity3619 . METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 or C without @entity5 , a history of @entity49 , or antiviral/immunosuppressive therapy within the last six months were included. Thrombophilic and coagulation factors were evaluated on the liver biopsy day. RESULTS: One or more @entity715 risk factors were found in 68% and > or =2 factors in 37% of @entity1 . Higher necroinflammatory activity was independently associated with higher prothrombin time (p=0.003), @entity493 aminotransferase level (p=0.011), and histological staging (p=0.018). @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 compared with those with scores of 0-3 more frequently had @entity7131 (24% v 3%; p=0.007), antithrombin III (28% v 5%; p=0.005), and plasminogen (19% v 2%; p=0.03), and a trend for more frequent activated protein C resistance (8% v 0%; p=0.075). The presence of > or =1 significant @entity715 risk factor was observed in 11/25 (44%) @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 and in 6/65 (9%) @entity1 with scores of 0-3 (p<0.001), being the only variable independently associated with advanced staging (odds ratio 2.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity715 risk factors are frequently detected in @entity1 with @entity3619 and the presence of > or =1 significant factor is associated with more advanced @entity82 . Whether the association of such thrombophilic conditions with advanced @entity82 is a primary or secondary phenomenon and whether their development in combination with local inflammation accelerate the progression of @entity1575 need further evaluation.

title: @entity715 risk factors and extent of @entity1575 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of protein C']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic', 'thrombotic', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity715 of the small intrahepatic veins has been suggested to trigger liver tissue remodelling. We evaluated the prevalence of multiple @entity715 risk factors and their association with the extent of @entity82 in @entity3619 . METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 or C without @entity5 , a history of @entity49 , or antiviral/immunosuppressive therapy within the last six months were included. Thrombophilic and coagulation factors were evaluated on the liver biopsy day. RESULTS: One or more @entity715 risk factors were found in 68% and > or =2 factors in 37% of @entity1 . Higher necroinflammatory activity was independently associated with higher prothrombin time (p=0.003), @entity493 aminotransferase level (p=0.011), and histological staging (p=0.018). @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 compared with those with scores of 0-3 more frequently had @entity7131 (24% v 3%; p=0.007), antithrombin III (28% v 5%; p=0.005), and plasminogen (19% v 2%; p=0.03), and a trend for more frequent activated protein C resistance (8% v 0%; p=0.075). The presence of > or =1 significant @entity715 risk factor was observed in 11/25 (44%) @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 and in 6/65 (9%) @entity1 with scores of 0-3 (p<0.001), being the only variable independently associated with advanced staging (odds ratio 2.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity715 risk factors are frequently detected in @entity1 with @entity3619 and the presence of > or =1 significant factor is associated with more advanced @entity82 . Whether the association of such thrombophilic conditions with advanced @entity82 is a primary or secondary phenomenon and whether their development in combination with local inflammation accelerate the progression of @entity1575 need further evaluation.

title: @entity715 risk factors and extent of XXXX in @entity3619 .

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity715 of the small intrahepatic veins has been suggested to trigger liver tissue remodelling. We evaluated the prevalence of multiple @entity715 risk factors and their association with the extent of @entity82 in @entity3619 . METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 or C without @entity5 , a history of @entity49 , or antiviral/immunosuppressive therapy within the last six months were included. Thrombophilic and coagulation factors were evaluated on the liver biopsy day. RESULTS: One or more @entity715 risk factors were found in 68% and > or =2 factors in 37% of @entity1 . Higher necroinflammatory activity was independently associated with higher prothrombin time (p=0.003), @entity493 aminotransferase level (p=0.011), and histological staging (p=0.018). @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 compared with those with scores of 0-3 more frequently had @entity7131 (24% v 3%; p=0.007), antithrombin III (28% v 5%; p=0.005), and plasminogen (19% v 2%; p=0.03), and a trend for more frequent activated protein C resistance (8% v 0%; p=0.075). The presence of > or =1 significant @entity715 risk factor was observed in 11/25 (44%) @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 and in 6/65 (9%) @entity1 with scores of 0-3 (p<0.001), being the only variable independently associated with advanced staging (odds ratio 2.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity715 risk factors are frequently detected in @entity1 with @entity3619 and the presence of > or =1 significant factor is associated with more advanced @entity82 . Whether the association of such thrombophilic conditions with advanced @entity82 is a primary or secondary phenomenon and whether their development in combination with local inflammation accelerate the progression of @entity1575 need further evaluation.

title: XXXX risk factors and extent of @entity1575 in @entity3619 .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smokers with @entity5636 are at increased risk of @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using autofluorescence bronchoscopy after sputum examination for early detection of large @entity2 and factors associated with the presence of @entity5 and pre- @entity5 lesions among smokers with @entity5636 . METHODS: Subjects at the @entity3673 clinic were recruited if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) age >= 40 years, 2) smoking history of >= 20 pack-years and 3) confirmed diagnosis of @entity5636 . Sputum specimens were collected for cytology/cytometry examination and autofluorescence bronchoscopy was performed in subjects with an abnormal sputum result. RESULTS: A total of 48 subjects were recruited during the study period. The mean age and smoking history were respectively 63    10 years and 51    30 pack-years. @entity2 and @entity1313 (squamous metaplasia or above) were detected in respectively 2 (4.2%) and 14 (29.2%) subjects. The proportions of current smokers (75.0% vs. 40.6%, P = 0.03) and asbestos exposure (37.5% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.04) were significantly higher in subjects with the above lesions compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS: Sputum examination followed by autofluorescence bronchoscopy may be a useful way of identifying @entity5 /pre- @entity5 lesions among silicotic smokers. Current smoking and asbestos exposure were associated with these lesions.

title: Early detection of central @entity2 in smokers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['pre-neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Intraepithelial lung cancers', 'airway lung cancer']

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['silicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smokers with @entity5636 are at increased risk of @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using autofluorescence bronchoscopy after sputum examination for early detection of large @entity2 and factors associated with the presence of @entity5 and pre- @entity5 lesions among smokers with @entity5636 . METHODS: Subjects at the @entity3673 clinic were recruited if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) age >= 40 years, 2) smoking history of >= 20 pack-years and 3) confirmed diagnosis of @entity5636 . Sputum specimens were collected for cytology/cytometry examination and autofluorescence bronchoscopy was performed in subjects with an abnormal sputum result. RESULTS: A total of 48 subjects were recruited during the study period. The mean age and smoking history were respectively 63    10 years and 51    30 pack-years. @entity2 and @entity1313 (squamous metaplasia or above) were detected in respectively 2 (4.2%) and 14 (29.2%) subjects. The proportions of current smokers (75.0% vs. 40.6%, P = 0.03) and asbestos exposure (37.5% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.04) were significantly higher in subjects with the above lesions compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS: Sputum examination followed by autofluorescence bronchoscopy may be a useful way of identifying @entity5 /pre- @entity5 lesions among silicotic smokers. Current smoking and asbestos exposure were associated with these lesions.

title: Early detection of central XXXX in smokers with @entity5636 .

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['airway lung cancer']


abstract: Left pancreatic @entity130 (LPTs) are rare but serious lesions occurring in 1 to 6 per cent of @entity1661 @entity1 and mainly resulting from blunt @entity130 . LPT severity is primarily dependent on the associated @entity130 and secondarily related to main @entity660 responsible for complications: acute @entity788 , @entity9007 , @entity3472 , or abscesses. The guidelines for blunt LPT management can be presented as follows. In case of emergency laparotomy, pancreas exploration is mandatory to detect @entity660 . In the absence of main @entity660 , simple drainage is advocated. In case of distal injury to the main pancreatic duct, a left pancreatectomy is mandatory. In the absence of initial laparotomy, the diagnosis is more and more based on CT and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, which tend to replace endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a first-intent diagnostic modality. In case of distal injury to the main pancreatic duct, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is recommended. In the absence of main @entity660 , nonoperative treatment is advocated. When LPTs are discovered at the time of complications, @entity3472 and/or @entity9007 are associated with main @entity660 , which can be treated by pancreatic duct stenting at ERCP and/or internal endoscopic cystogastrostomy. However, in such cases, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy remains the treatment of choice. @entity660 resulting from LPT have to be diagnosed early to avoid late complications. Distal pancreatectomy remains the treatment of choice in case of severe @entity660 because the role of ERCP stenting and endoscopic techniques needs further evaluation.

title: Management of left XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct injury', 'pancreatic ductal lesions', 'pancreatic duct lesions', 'pancreatic lesions', 'Pancreatic ductal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistulas']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'traumas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic trauma']


abstract: GOAL: Comparison between a fluid-sensitive (HASTE-TIRM)-sequence and delayed contrast-enhancement in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 @entity1 with @entity583 were imaged 7 +/- 4 days after the time of @entity1188 with a 1.5 T unit using a T2 HASTE-TIRM and a contrast-enhanced (CE) T1 turbo FLASH sequence. A threshold method (>2 SD in comparison with normal myocardium) was used to quantify the hyperintense zones in both sequences. The transmurality of the hyperintense regions was measured on a segmental basis. RESULTS: The hyperintense areas were larger on the HASTE-TIRM sequence with 29.6 +/- 13.2 % of the left ventricular (LV) area as compared to the CE-MRI with 19.2 +/- 10 % of the LV area (p < 0.0001). The measured transmurality was higher with the HASTE-TIRM sequence than with the CE-MRI (p < 0.0001). While the correlation between CE-MRI and peak @entity908 kinase (CK max) was good (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), no correlation was found between the HASTE-TIRM sequence and CK max (r = 0.29, p = ns). CONCLUSIONS: The peri- @entity1188 @entity4 can be depicted with a HASTE-TIRM sequence in addition to the non-viable @entity1188 zone. The HASTE-TIRM sequence shows a higher transmurality of the hyperintense regions than the CE-MRI. The additional area depicted by the HASTE-TIRM sequence could represent functionally impaired but viable myocardium).

title: [Comparison of an @entity4 -sensitive HASTE-TIRM sequence with delayed contrast enhancement in acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarcts']


abstract: GOAL: Comparison between a fluid-sensitive (HASTE-TIRM)-sequence and delayed contrast-enhancement in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 @entity1 with @entity583 were imaged 7 +/- 4 days after the time of @entity1188 with a 1.5 T unit using a T2 HASTE-TIRM and a contrast-enhanced (CE) T1 turbo FLASH sequence. A threshold method (>2 SD in comparison with normal myocardium) was used to quantify the hyperintense zones in both sequences. The transmurality of the hyperintense regions was measured on a segmental basis. RESULTS: The hyperintense areas were larger on the HASTE-TIRM sequence with 29.6 +/- 13.2 % of the left ventricular (LV) area as compared to the CE-MRI with 19.2 +/- 10 % of the LV area (p < 0.0001). The measured transmurality was higher with the HASTE-TIRM sequence than with the CE-MRI (p < 0.0001). While the correlation between CE-MRI and peak @entity908 kinase (CK max) was good (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), no correlation was found between the HASTE-TIRM sequence and CK max (r = 0.29, p = ns). CONCLUSIONS: The peri- @entity1188 @entity4 can be depicted with a HASTE-TIRM sequence in addition to the non-viable @entity1188 zone. The HASTE-TIRM sequence shows a higher transmurality of the hyperintense regions than the CE-MRI. The additional area depicted by the HASTE-TIRM sequence could represent functionally impaired but viable myocardium).

title: [Comparison of an XXXX -sensitive HASTE-TIRM sequence with delayed contrast enhancement in acute @entity583 ].

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 presented with a 3-week history of dry cough and left @entity662 with a new exudative @entity1143 . Sixteen years earlier, he was diagnosed with @entity370 presenting with @entity3329 , @entity5406 , mildly disturbed liver function tests and noncaseating granulomata on liver biopsy, with no evidence of @entity358 . He was treated with @entity229 and in recent years maintained at a low daily dose, until it was eventually discontinued two years prior to his present illness. There was no evidence of @entity5 , and the fluid resolved following treatment with naproxen. Three weeks later the @entity1 presented with sudden onset of @entity1353 and left @entity662 . After starting intravenous heparin for suspected @entity1151 , the @entity1 developed @entity1344 which was accompanied by abdominal tenderness and decreasing hematocrit. @entity9440 was diagnosed, and the @entity1 underwent splenectomy. Pathology specimens revealed a @entity385 with subcapsular @entity1410 , and numerous noncaseating granulomata within the splenic tissue. This @entity1 had recurrent @entity370 with two rare manifestations of the disease, 2 years after withdrawing low dose @entity229 , given for a prolonged time. The possibility of reemergence of the disease in organs other than the organs involved in the initial presentation should always be considered in @entity370 .

title: Pleural effusion with @entity9440 as manifestations of recurrence of XXXX following prolonged remission.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infection or malignancy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchymal disease']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic rupture']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarct']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 presented with a 3-week history of dry cough and left @entity662 with a new exudative @entity1143 . Sixteen years earlier, he was diagnosed with @entity370 presenting with @entity3329 , @entity5406 , mildly disturbed liver function tests and noncaseating granulomata on liver biopsy, with no evidence of @entity358 . He was treated with @entity229 and in recent years maintained at a low daily dose, until it was eventually discontinued two years prior to his present illness. There was no evidence of @entity5 , and the fluid resolved following treatment with naproxen. Three weeks later the @entity1 presented with sudden onset of @entity1353 and left @entity662 . After starting intravenous heparin for suspected @entity1151 , the @entity1 developed @entity1344 which was accompanied by abdominal tenderness and decreasing hematocrit. @entity9440 was diagnosed, and the @entity1 underwent splenectomy. Pathology specimens revealed a @entity385 with subcapsular @entity1410 , and numerous noncaseating granulomata within the splenic tissue. This @entity1 had recurrent @entity370 with two rare manifestations of the disease, 2 years after withdrawing low dose @entity229 , given for a prolonged time. The possibility of reemergence of the disease in organs other than the organs involved in the initial presentation should always be considered in @entity370 .

title: Pleural effusion with XXXX as manifestations of recurrence of @entity370 following prolonged remission.

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['splenic rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of radiation therapy for local control of nonmetastatic @entity421 after induction chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Of 187 @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity421 treated with induction chemotherapy since 1986, 31 refused surgery and underwent standard, fractionated external beam radiotherapy for local control. The median radiation dose to the limb was 60 Gy (range 40-68 Gy). Records were reviewed through April 2002, and outcomes including radiologic and biochemical response, local control, limb function, and survival were analyzed. The end points were local progression-free survival, metastases-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Overall survival, local progression-free survival, and metastases-free survival at 5 years were a mean +/- SD of 61%+/-11%, 56%+/-12%, and 62%+/-10%, respectively. The outcome correlated significantly with @entity1 ' imaging and biochemical response. In @entity1 who had a pronounced response, overall survival and metastases-free survival at 5 years were 90%+/-9% and 91%+/-9%, respectively, but it was only 35%+/-15% and 42%+/-13% in the nonresponders (P=.005 and P=.005, respectively). Local control was also related to response after induction chemotherapy. None of the 11 @entity1 with both a good imaging and a good biochemical response had local relapse; median follow-up was 67 months. The estimated local progression-free survival among nonresponders was 31%+/-16% at 3 years and 0% at 5 years. Of 22 @entity1 surviving without @entity66 progression, 19 (86%) had excellent limb function (Enneking score between 90% and 100%) at the time of most recent evaluation. CONCLUSION: When used after effective induction chemotherapy for @entity421 , radiation therapy can be a reliable modality to control @entity66 and preserve limb function.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and local radiotherapy for high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma of the extremities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma of the extremities']


abstract: @entity1 adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are a feasible source of stem cells for use in clinical applications. hASCs are typically cultured in medium containing @entity2241 ( @entity4434 ); however, use of @entity4434 is not recommended due to issues of clinical safety with regard to infections or immune response. Replacement of @entity4434 with autologous human serum (autoHS) can eliminate these problems; however, their maintainability as potent ASCs in autoHS needs to be confirmed. Thus, we conducted an investigation of characterizations and functions of hASCs grown in medium containing autoHS compared to @entity4434 . Cell counting and the WST-8 assay were used in assessment of the proliferation rate. In hASC cultured with culture medium plus autoHS or @entity4434 , cell phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry ( @entity10793 , @entity2393 , @entity2279 , @entity2280 , and @entity1759 ) and expression of @entity2252 , @entity11968 , IGF, @entity8020 , NGF, and @entity7 was determined by RT   PCR. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by oil red O stain. hASC showed greater expansion in AutoHS than in @entity4434 . Cell surface markers of hASCs grown in autoHS (autoHS-hASCs) were similar to markers of those grown in @entity4434 ( @entity4434 ). AutoHS-hASCs also expressed multiple growth factors as well as @entity4434 . In addition, autoHS was effective in growth of hASCs as well as @entity4434 and autoHS-hASCs retained their ability for adipogenic differentiation. In summary, autoHS-hASCs have multiple growth factor expressions with the same cell surface markers as @entity4434   hASCs in vitro. Our results suggest that autoHS can provide sufficient ex vivo expansion of hASCs.

title: Efficacy of autologous serum in XXXX adipose-derived stem cells; cell markers, growth factors and differentiation.

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Three cases (2 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) of expansive @entity2013 treated with a single 50-mg intramuscular dose of a new form of injectable, long-acting @entity2847 are presented. Clinical manifestations included @entity227 (2 cases), @entity10 (1 case), and @entity6126 (3 cases). Laboratory tests demonstrated high basal serum @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) levels and evidence of involvement of other anterior pituitary hormones in all cases. Treatment was followed by marked improvement of symptoms paralleled by a sharp decrease of serum @entity4090 levels, which normalized in 1 case. Some other anterior pituitary functions also improved. Computed tomography scan revealed shrinkage of the @entity5 in all cases. There were no local or serious systemic side effects. These initial findings suggest that long-acting injectable @entity2847 has a place in the initial treatment of @entity2013 , especially for those with @entity227 . It can also be used to select @entity1 for surgery, in the cases where clinical and radiological improvement could not be obtained. The effects of long-term use remain to be established by further studies.

title: Short-term management of @entity2013 with a new injectable form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'neurological and/or visual manifestations']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinomas', 'macroprolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: Three cases (2 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) of expansive @entity2013 treated with a single 50-mg intramuscular dose of a new form of injectable, long-acting @entity2847 are presented. Clinical manifestations included @entity227 (2 cases), @entity10 (1 case), and @entity6126 (3 cases). Laboratory tests demonstrated high basal serum @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) levels and evidence of involvement of other anterior pituitary hormones in all cases. Treatment was followed by marked improvement of symptoms paralleled by a sharp decrease of serum @entity4090 levels, which normalized in 1 case. Some other anterior pituitary functions also improved. Computed tomography scan revealed shrinkage of the @entity5 in all cases. There were no local or serious systemic side effects. These initial findings suggest that long-acting injectable @entity2847 has a place in the initial treatment of @entity2013 , especially for those with @entity227 . It can also be used to select @entity1 for surgery, in the cases where clinical and radiological improvement could not be obtained. The effects of long-term use remain to be established by further studies.

title: Short-term management of XXXX with a new injectable form of @entity2847 .

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['macroprolactinomas']


abstract: Two cases of @entity358 ( @entity137 ) are described in which bronchoalveolar lavage was undertaken during the acute phase and after recovery. Both cases occurred after exposure to mould dust in a silo in the course of removing the top mouldy layer of silage or oats at the start of unloading. The workers suffered an @entity221 accompanied by cough and dyspnoea. One @entity1 had impaired ventilatory function and both had arterial desaturation in the acute phase. There was mild impairment of diffusing capacity (transfer factor). Bronchoscopy showed inflammation of the bronchial mucosa in one @entity1 . Fungal spores were cultured from the lavage fluid in both @entity1 . In both @entity1 there was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the lavage fluid without increase in lymphocytes. The immunoglobulin concentration in the lavage fluid was normal. At the follow up lavage the neutrophils had returned to normal while a mild lymphocytosis of the lavage fluid was seen in both @entity1 .

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage in @entity358 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary mycotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['acute febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['organic dust toxic syndrome']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['organic dust toxic syndrome']


abstract: Two cases of @entity358 ( @entity137 ) are described in which bronchoalveolar lavage was undertaken during the acute phase and after recovery. Both cases occurred after exposure to mould dust in a silo in the course of removing the top mouldy layer of silage or oats at the start of unloading. The workers suffered an @entity221 accompanied by cough and dyspnoea. One @entity1 had impaired ventilatory function and both had arterial desaturation in the acute phase. There was mild impairment of diffusing capacity (transfer factor). Bronchoscopy showed inflammation of the bronchial mucosa in one @entity1 . Fungal spores were cultured from the lavage fluid in both @entity1 . In both @entity1 there was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the lavage fluid without increase in lymphocytes. The immunoglobulin concentration in the lavage fluid was normal. At the follow up lavage the neutrophils had returned to normal while a mild lymphocytosis of the lavage fluid was seen in both @entity1 .

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage in XXXX ( @entity137 ).

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary mycotoxicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled long-acting @entity2263 agonists improve lung function and health status in symptomatic @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), whereas inhaled @entity288 reduce the frequency of acute episodes of symptom exacerbation and @entity245 in health status. We postulated that a combination of these treatments would be better than each component used alone. METHODS: 1465 @entity1 with @entity1030 were recruited from outpatient departments in 25 countries. They were treated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with either 50 microg @entity10453 twice daily (n=372), 500 microg @entity5023 twice daily (n=374), 50 microg @entity10453 and 500 microg @entity5023 twice daily (n=358), or placebo (n=361) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) after 12 months treatment' and after @entity1 had abstained from all bronchodilators for at least 6h and from study medication for at least 12h. Secondary outcomes were other lung function measurements, symptoms and rescue treatment use, the number of exacerbations, @entity1 withdrawals, and disease-specific health status. We assessed adverse events, serum @entity701 concentrations, skin @entity2981 , and electrocardiograms. Analysis was as predefined in the study protocol. FINDINGS: All active treatments improved lung function, symptoms, and health status and reduced use of rescue medication and frequency of exacerbations. Combination therapy improved pretreatment FEV1 significantly more than did placebo (treatment difference 133 mL, 95% CI 105-161, p<0.0001), @entity10453 (73 mL, 46-101, p<0.0001), or @entity5023 alone (95 mL, 67-122, p<0.0001). Combination treatment produced a clinically significant improvement in health status and the greatest reduction in daily symptoms. All treatments were well tolerated with no difference in the frequency of adverse events, @entity2981 , or clinically significant falls in serum @entity701 concentration. INTERPRETATION: Because inhaled long-acting @entity2263 agonists and corticosteroid combination treatment produces better control of symptoms and lung function, with no greater risk of side-effects than that with use of either component alone, this combination treatment should be considered for @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Combined @entity10453 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity1030 : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delay deterioration']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled long-acting @entity2263 agonists improve lung function and health status in symptomatic @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), whereas inhaled @entity288 reduce the frequency of acute episodes of symptom exacerbation and @entity245 in health status. We postulated that a combination of these treatments would be better than each component used alone. METHODS: 1465 @entity1 with @entity1030 were recruited from outpatient departments in 25 countries. They were treated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with either 50 microg @entity10453 twice daily (n=372), 500 microg @entity5023 twice daily (n=374), 50 microg @entity10453 and 500 microg @entity5023 twice daily (n=358), or placebo (n=361) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) after 12 months treatment' and after @entity1 had abstained from all bronchodilators for at least 6h and from study medication for at least 12h. Secondary outcomes were other lung function measurements, symptoms and rescue treatment use, the number of exacerbations, @entity1 withdrawals, and disease-specific health status. We assessed adverse events, serum @entity701 concentrations, skin @entity2981 , and electrocardiograms. Analysis was as predefined in the study protocol. FINDINGS: All active treatments improved lung function, symptoms, and health status and reduced use of rescue medication and frequency of exacerbations. Combination therapy improved pretreatment FEV1 significantly more than did placebo (treatment difference 133 mL, 95% CI 105-161, p<0.0001), @entity10453 (73 mL, 46-101, p<0.0001), or @entity5023 alone (95 mL, 67-122, p<0.0001). Combination treatment produced a clinically significant improvement in health status and the greatest reduction in daily symptoms. All treatments were well tolerated with no difference in the frequency of adverse events, @entity2981 , or clinically significant falls in serum @entity701 concentration. INTERPRETATION: Because inhaled long-acting @entity2263 agonists and corticosteroid combination treatment produces better control of symptoms and lung function, with no greater risk of side-effects than that with use of either component alone, this combination treatment should be considered for @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Combined XXXX and @entity5023 in the treatment of @entity1030 : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity10453 :: (MESH:C057823,Chemical) :: ['salmeterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled long-acting @entity2263 agonists improve lung function and health status in symptomatic @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), whereas inhaled @entity288 reduce the frequency of acute episodes of symptom exacerbation and @entity245 in health status. We postulated that a combination of these treatments would be better than each component used alone. METHODS: 1465 @entity1 with @entity1030 were recruited from outpatient departments in 25 countries. They were treated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with either 50 microg @entity10453 twice daily (n=372), 500 microg @entity5023 twice daily (n=374), 50 microg @entity10453 and 500 microg @entity5023 twice daily (n=358), or placebo (n=361) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) after 12 months treatment' and after @entity1 had abstained from all bronchodilators for at least 6h and from study medication for at least 12h. Secondary outcomes were other lung function measurements, symptoms and rescue treatment use, the number of exacerbations, @entity1 withdrawals, and disease-specific health status. We assessed adverse events, serum @entity701 concentrations, skin @entity2981 , and electrocardiograms. Analysis was as predefined in the study protocol. FINDINGS: All active treatments improved lung function, symptoms, and health status and reduced use of rescue medication and frequency of exacerbations. Combination therapy improved pretreatment FEV1 significantly more than did placebo (treatment difference 133 mL, 95% CI 105-161, p<0.0001), @entity10453 (73 mL, 46-101, p<0.0001), or @entity5023 alone (95 mL, 67-122, p<0.0001). Combination treatment produced a clinically significant improvement in health status and the greatest reduction in daily symptoms. All treatments were well tolerated with no difference in the frequency of adverse events, @entity2981 , or clinically significant falls in serum @entity701 concentration. INTERPRETATION: Because inhaled long-acting @entity2263 agonists and corticosteroid combination treatment produces better control of symptoms and lung function, with no greater risk of side-effects than that with use of either component alone, this combination treatment should be considered for @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Combined @entity10453 and @entity5023 in the treatment of XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: In a @entity1 with @entity12842 , enzyme replacement therapy such as whole blood exchange transfusion or erythrocyte transfusion was performed, and its effect was confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo. The @entity1 has been treated with the restriction of protein intake, oral administration of an essential @entity535 mixture, and @entity7717 or @entity12527 . With these treatments, his plasma @entity3265 levels were controlled. On the other hand, plasma and @entity2841 concentrations of @entity369 were not so well controlled. With whole blood exchange transfusion and erythrocyte transfusion, plasma @entity369 concentrations and plasma @entity3265 levels were controlled. These effects have continued for about 3 months. Furthermore, the effect of exchanged erythrocytes on the blood @entity369 levels was also confirmed by in vitro experimentation that mixes @entity369 with erythrocytes in the medium RPMI 1640. @entity369 concentration of the medium did not decrease when @entity369 was mixed with erythrocytes of the @entity1 , but when @entity369 was mixed with erythrocytes of mother or normal controls, it decreased rapidly. In calculation, 10(7) of erythrocytes of the mother or normal controls was presumed to metabolize 4-5 nmole of @entity369 per day. From these results, the erythrocyte exchange transfusion is considered to be effective for the control of clinical and biochemical abnormalities in this disorder.

title: Enzyme replacement therapy in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12842 :: ('MESH:D020162', 'Disease') :: ['hyperargininemia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12527 :: ('MESH:C025136', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity7717 :: ('MESH:D020160', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium benzoate']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity12842 :: (MESH:D020162,Disease) :: ['hyperargininemia']


abstract: In a @entity1 with @entity12842 , enzyme replacement therapy such as whole blood exchange transfusion or erythrocyte transfusion was performed, and its effect was confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo. The @entity1 has been treated with the restriction of protein intake, oral administration of an essential @entity535 mixture, and @entity7717 or @entity12527 . With these treatments, his plasma @entity3265 levels were controlled. On the other hand, plasma and @entity2841 concentrations of @entity369 were not so well controlled. With whole blood exchange transfusion and erythrocyte transfusion, plasma @entity369 concentrations and plasma @entity3265 levels were controlled. These effects have continued for about 3 months. Furthermore, the effect of exchanged erythrocytes on the blood @entity369 levels was also confirmed by in vitro experimentation that mixes @entity369 with erythrocytes in the medium RPMI 1640. @entity369 concentration of the medium did not decrease when @entity369 was mixed with erythrocytes of the @entity1 , but when @entity369 was mixed with erythrocytes of mother or normal controls, it decreased rapidly. In calculation, 10(7) of erythrocytes of the mother or normal controls was presumed to metabolize 4-5 nmole of @entity369 per day. From these results, the erythrocyte exchange transfusion is considered to be effective for the control of clinical and biochemical abnormalities in this disorder.

title: Enzyme replacement therapy in a XXXX with @entity12842 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Although the @entity64 ( @entity64 ) and the @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) are relatively rare in general practice, they subjectively demand great attention because of their specific problems. To get a picture of for example their incidence in the general population and referral patterns in general practice, we collected and analysed the data from a (continuing) morbidity registration over 12 years in four general practices (Department of General Practice/Family Medicine University Nijmegen). The diseases occur mainly over age 50. The incidence of @entity64 is slightly higher than the incidence of @entity4905 . The incidence of the diseases over the two sexes is practically equal. Because of the overpresentation of older @entity1 in the general population, more @entity1 than @entity1 present these diseases. Male @entity1 are younger than female. Only a part of the @entity1 has been referred or admitted to hospital. The referral depends on age of the @entity1 : The older the @entity1 the lower the referral-rate. The case-fatality of @entity64 is about 25%. @entity1 who die within a month, usually die in hospital. When @entity1 survive this period, they die more often at home than in a nursing home. @entity1 who die in a nursing home, are more often male than female. In older age groups a @entity64 means more often than not the end of life. In our view a referral is often not in the interest of the @entity1 . If a @entity1 stays at home, the GP has to create a team with family members, a district nurse or a physiotherapist in order to offer the @entity1 optimal medical and psychosocial attendance care.

title: [ @entity64 and XXXX in family practice. Incidence and perspectives].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'Transient Ischaemic Attack']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebro-Vascular Accident', 'CVA']

answer: @entity4905 :: (MESH:D002546,Disease) :: ['TIA']


abstract: Although the @entity64 ( @entity64 ) and the @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) are relatively rare in general practice, they subjectively demand great attention because of their specific problems. To get a picture of for example their incidence in the general population and referral patterns in general practice, we collected and analysed the data from a (continuing) morbidity registration over 12 years in four general practices (Department of General Practice/Family Medicine University Nijmegen). The diseases occur mainly over age 50. The incidence of @entity64 is slightly higher than the incidence of @entity4905 . The incidence of the diseases over the two sexes is practically equal. Because of the overpresentation of older @entity1 in the general population, more @entity1 than @entity1 present these diseases. Male @entity1 are younger than female. Only a part of the @entity1 has been referred or admitted to hospital. The referral depends on age of the @entity1 : The older the @entity1 the lower the referral-rate. The case-fatality of @entity64 is about 25%. @entity1 who die within a month, usually die in hospital. When @entity1 survive this period, they die more often at home than in a nursing home. @entity1 who die in a nursing home, are more often male than female. In older age groups a @entity64 means more often than not the end of life. In our view a referral is often not in the interest of the @entity1 . If a @entity1 stays at home, the GP has to create a team with family members, a district nurse or a physiotherapist in order to offer the @entity1 optimal medical and psychosocial attendance care.

title: [ XXXX and @entity4905 in family practice. Incidence and perspectives].

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['CVA']


abstract: The work aimed to isolate and characterise copia-like sequences from @entity5352 . Thirty-two different @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) sequences were isolated from a single oil palm genome using degenerate primers. Extreme sequence heterogeneity was observed. The DNA and protein sequences were assigned to three different classes (A, B, C) on the basis of bootstrapping. We estimated the copy number of the three different classes by using a dot-blot analysis. The comparative results suggest that class-B @entity16757 sequences occur at a higher copy number in Cocos nucifera than in @entity5352 and E. oleifera. Class-C @entity16757 sequences, which comprise the bulk of isolated sequences, occur in much higher copy number in @entity5352 than in Cocos nucifera, and E. oleifera. Class-A sequences, which have low copy number in @entity5352 and Cocos nucifera, are not present in E. oleifera. Our preliminary results suggest that class-C sequences represent about 5% of the @entity5352 genome, class B, 1% and class A, 0.1%. The methylation status of genomic domains specified by the @entity16757 probes was analysed using two pairs of restriction enzymes, each pair having the same recognition sites but different methylation sensitivities ( MspI, HpaII and Sau3AI, MboI). Results from these experiments showed clearly that the genomic domains specified by the @entity16757 probes are methylated. These also suggest that a higher copy number appears to correlate to a higher degree of methylation. Our preliminary results suggest that copia-like retrotransposons, because of their ubiquity and diversity, have great potential as genetic markers for plant genome and biodiversity analysis in @entity5352 .

title: Characterisation of copia-like retrotransposons in oil palm ( XXXX .).

entities_list: @entity5352 :: ('51953', 'Species') :: ['Elaeis guineensis', 'E. guineensis']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity5352 :: (51953,Species) :: ['Elaeis guineensis Jacq']


abstract: In contrast to shunt operation the indication for an endoscopic ventriculostomy in @entity1 diagnosed for normal pressure @entity1276 is not scientifically established. From September 1997 to October 2001 we operated on 79 @entity1 diagnosed for normal pressure @entity1276 . Diagnosis was established by means of the intrathecal lumbal or ventricular infusion test, the cerebrospinal fluid tap test and MRI-CSF flow studies pre- and post-operatively. In 60 @entity1 (76 %) we implanted a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (Miethke @entity340 ), and in 15 @entity1 (19 %) we performed the endoscopic assisted third ventriculostomy. With our created NPH recovery rate and use of the clinical grading for normal pressure @entity1276 created by Kiefer we compared the operative results of both @entity1 groups. Immediately after the operation the results are the same for both treatments. In the follow-up examination after 12 and 27 months @entity1 who underwent a ventriculostomy showed a better outcome, but the underdrainage rate was higher. Concerning the operation related complications the shunt treatment leaded to 10 revisions (17 %) because of four @entity281 (7 %), two @entity1887 (3 %), two overdrainages (3 %), two catheter dislocations (3 %). The ventriculostomy leaded to one case with a pneumatocephalus (7 %) and one @entity9479 (7 %). In both operation methods we saw cases of underdrainages, three after @entity340 (5 %) and two after ventriculostomy (13 %). In that @entity1 we performed a change of the implanted valve with a lower pressure level or rather an implantation of a valve system in the two cases who underwent a ventriculostomy. In @entity1 with a pathologically increased resistance to CSF outflow in the lumbal infusion test a shunt implantation with the Miethke @entity340 is indicated. @entity1 whose outflow resistance is increased in the ventricular infusion test are suspected for a functional interventricular stenosis and should be treated by means of an endoscopic assisted ventriculostomy.

title: [Shunt operation versus endoscopic ventriculostomy in normal pressure XXXX : diagnostics and outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['shunt insufficiencies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic thalamic lesion']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve implantation', 'Dual-Switch valve']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: XXXX ( @entity19629 ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of @entity1311 by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic @entity1 @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity19629 :: ('MESH:C533860', 'Chemical') :: ['Macitentan', 'macitentan']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity19629 :: (MESH:C533860,Chemical) :: ['Macitentan']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: @entity19629 ( XXXX ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of @entity1311 by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic @entity1 @entity43 .

answer: @entity19629 :: (MESH:C533860,Chemical) :: ['ACT-064992']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: @entity19629 ( @entity19629 ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of XXXX by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic @entity1 @entity43 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: @entity19629 ( @entity19629 ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of @entity1311 by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: @entity19629 ( @entity19629 ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of @entity1311 by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic XXXX @entity43 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15809 is associated with characteristic symptoms of progressive @entity1282 and regurgitation. As most @entity1 are elderly, the perioperative risk is usually high. We report our clinical experience with the transoral endoscopic staple-assisted method, including a thorough assessment of the symptomatic relief achieved by the procedure. METHODS: 46 consecutive @entity1 (29 m, 17 f) with a median age of 61 years (range, 37-96 years) were treated between 1997 and 2002. The symptoms and their frequency were registered. The follow-up consisted of clinical and radiographic investigations. RESULTS: The median size of the diverticulum was 4 cm (range, 2-12 cm). Transoral treatment was successful in 39 @entity1 ; in 7 cases (15.2%) a switch to open surgery was required. The median operating time was 30 min (range, 10-150 min). Mortality rate was nil, while morbidity was 7.7%. The median duration of the postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (range, 1-65 days). After a median follow-up of 11 months (range, 1-40 months), 5 @entity1 had been reoperated on endoscopically due to clinical recurrence. Clinical symptoms were significantly reduced ( @entity1282 of liquids p <or= 0.0001, @entity1282 of solids p <or= 0.001, regurgitation p <or= 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that minimal invasive treatment of @entity15809 is a safe method and provides significant symptomatic relief.

title: Significant symptomatic relief after transoral endoscopic staple-assisted treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']