abstract: Atacicept, a specific inhibitor of BLys and APRIL, was used in a phase I study for 14 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and 4 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 (WM). They received 1 cycle of 5 once-weekly s.c. injections, followed by an extension if in stable disease or in response. The maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Of 11 @entity1 with @entity1582 who completed initial treatment, 5 @entity1 were progression-free after cycle 1 and 4 @entity1 were progression-free after extended therapy. Of 4 @entity1 with WM, 3 @entity1 were progression-free after cycle 1. Polyclonal immunoglobulin isotypes and total B cells were reduced. Plasma concentrations of soluble CD 138 decreased. Biological effect was more pronounced in WM. Of the 16 @entity1 tested at baseline, 13 had measurable levels of free APRIL (>= 25 ng/mL). In this small series, no correlations were apparent between baseline levels of free APRIL and biological or clinical response criteria.

title: Phase I study of atacicept in relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and Waldenstr  m's XXXX .

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['macroglobulinemia']


abstract: Microvascular rarefaction following an episode of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is associated with @entity8 . The mechanisms contributing to microvascular rarefaction are not well-understood, although disruption in local angioregulatory substances is thought to contribute. @entity1235 is an endopeptidase important in modifying the extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling the vasculature. We examined the role of @entity1235 gene deletion on microvascular rarefaction in a rodent model of @entity63 @entity810 . @entity1235 -null @entity19 and background control (FVB/NJ) @entity19 were subjected to bilateral renal artery clamping for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 14, 28, or 56 days. Serum @entity1011 level in @entity1235 -null @entity19 24 h after injury [1.4 (SD 0.8) mg/dl] was not significantly different from FVB/NJ @entity19 [1.5 (SD 0.6) mg/dl]. Four weeks after @entity63 , FVB/NJ @entity19 demonstrated a 30-40% loss of microvascular density compared with sham-operated (SO) @entity19 . In contrast, microvascular density was not significantly different in the @entity1235 -null @entity19 at this time following injury compared with SO @entity19 . FVB/NJ @entity19 had a 50% decrease in tissue @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) 2 wk after @entity63 insult compared with SO @entity19 . A significant difference in @entity1611 was not observed in @entity1235 -null @entity19 compared with SO @entity19 . There was no significant difference in the liberation of angioinhibitory fragments from the ECM between @entity1235 -null @entity19 and FVB/NJ @entity19 following @entity63 . In conclusion, @entity1235 deletion stabilizes microvascular density following @entity63 @entity810 in part by preserving tissue @entity1611 levels.

title: XXXX gene deletion mitigates microvascular loss in a model of @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypoxia and progression toward chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1235 :: ('17395(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1235 :: (17395(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: Microvascular rarefaction following an episode of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is associated with @entity8 . The mechanisms contributing to microvascular rarefaction are not well-understood, although disruption in local angioregulatory substances is thought to contribute. @entity1235 is an endopeptidase important in modifying the extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling the vasculature. We examined the role of @entity1235 gene deletion on microvascular rarefaction in a rodent model of @entity63 @entity810 . @entity1235 -null @entity19 and background control (FVB/NJ) @entity19 were subjected to bilateral renal artery clamping for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 14, 28, or 56 days. Serum @entity1011 level in @entity1235 -null @entity19 24 h after injury [1.4 (SD 0.8) mg/dl] was not significantly different from FVB/NJ @entity19 [1.5 (SD 0.6) mg/dl]. Four weeks after @entity63 , FVB/NJ @entity19 demonstrated a 30-40% loss of microvascular density compared with sham-operated (SO) @entity19 . In contrast, microvascular density was not significantly different in the @entity1235 -null @entity19 at this time following injury compared with SO @entity19 . FVB/NJ @entity19 had a 50% decrease in tissue @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) 2 wk after @entity63 insult compared with SO @entity19 . A significant difference in @entity1611 was not observed in @entity1235 -null @entity19 compared with SO @entity19 . There was no significant difference in the liberation of angioinhibitory fragments from the ECM between @entity1235 -null @entity19 and FVB/NJ @entity19 following @entity63 . In conclusion, @entity1235 deletion stabilizes microvascular density following @entity63 @entity810 in part by preserving tissue @entity1611 levels.

title: @entity1235 gene deletion mitigates microvascular loss in a model of XXXX .

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['ischemic acute kidney injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is an established procedure in treatment of diseases of the biliary tract; management of serious complications such as @entity9317 remains controversial. Because mortality is high if @entity295 is inadequately treated by no use of operative means, many surgeons advocate routine operative repair and drainage upon diagnosis. In surveys of large experiences, however, the majority @entity1 initially were treated non-surgically, and the majority recovered. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our experience with non-surgical management in @entity1 with @entity9317 after ES. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review from January 1991 to December 2000 identified 12 instances of @entity9317 . We reviewed endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings, diagnostic methods, time to diagnosis, methods of management, length of @entity1 stay, and outcome. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity2877 (5) papillary stenoses (4) and @entity788 (3) had @entity9317 among 1,510 ES performed (0.79%). In all cases during ES, retroperitoneal air on fluoroscopic examinations was observed and diagnosis was made. One @entity1 was managed initially by surgery and @entity204 occurred due to @entity358 . Eleven @entity1 were treated conservatively with nasogastric aspiration, none by mouth intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and @entity1943 analog without mortality. Median length of stay was 6.7 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9317 after ES may be treated conservatively with success if identified during ES or early stage. Early diagnosis of @entity9317 is essential for optimum outcome.

title: [Conservative management of XXXX following endoscopic sphincterotomy of papilla of Vater].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of pancreas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal perforation', 'Duodenal perforation']

answer: @entity9317 :: (MESH:D004382,Disease) :: ['duodenal perforation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity650 ( @entity650 ), a marker of @entity32 , is one of the major cytokines released during joint replacement. In the orthopedic @entity1 population, high levels have been linked to many adverse effects including acute @entity649 , postoperative mental status changes, and @entity221 . We looked to assess the efficacy of low-dose @entity230 on the postinflammatory response as measured by @entity650 in @entity1 undergoing bilateral total knee replacement (BTKR). The role of @entity230 has never been evaluated before in that setting. METHODS: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 30 @entity1 undergoing BTKR. The study was powered in order to detect at least a 25% decrease in @entity650 from control. @entity701 (100 mg) or placebo was given at 2 doses 8 hrs apart to the study and control group respectively. Clinical outcome was assessed as well. RESULTS: Levels of @entity650 were 40% lower in the study group by 10 hrs (P = 0.0037) but were similar to the control group at 24 hrs. Greater hemodynamic stability was noted in the study group with fewer episodes of @entity551 postoperatively (P = 0.031). Range of motion gained on discharge was also greatest in the study group (P = 0.049). Absence of @entity281 and normal wound healing were noted in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity701 significantly decreased the inflammatory response in @entity1 undergoing BTKR as measured by @entity650 production. Further studies looking at clinical implications of such findings in a larger @entity1 population and with a longer course of @entity230 are warranted.

title: Use of low-dose XXXX in decreasing cytokine release during bilateral total knee replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'Hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Australia has the highest incidence of @entity957 in the world. The majority of lesions occur in the head and neck with metastases to the parotid gland lymph nodes reflecting an uncommon, but aggressive, manifestation. Parotidectomy +/- neck dissection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered as best practice. METHODS: Between 1983 and 2000, seventy-four @entity1 were treated for metastatic @entity957 to the parotid with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy at Westmead Hospital, Sydney. Relevant data were extracted from @entity1 files and a prospectively maintained database. Patterns of relapse and outcome were analysed. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 65 years (34-93 years) in 63 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 . Median follow-up duration was 41 months (12-188 months). All @entity1 underwent parotidectomy with 52 undergoing a simultaneous neck dissection. Twelve @entity1 required sacrifice of the facial nerve (4) or one or more branches (8). All received adjuvant radiotherapy to the parotid region with 56 also receiving radiotherapy to the ipsilateral neck. Despite treatment, 24% developed locoregional recurrence, with a median time to relapse of 7.5 months. The most common site for recurrence was the treated parotid region and upper neck. Most relapsed @entity1 died. No variable independently predicted for locoregional recurrence on multivariate analysis. The 5-year absolute and cause-specific survival rates were 58% and 72%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Parotid gland lymph node metastases from @entity957 are associated with a high rate of recurrence and cause-specific mortality despite current best practice (surgery and high dose adjuvant radiotherapy). The role of more aggressive surgery, altered fractionation or chemotherapy to enhance locoregional control remains unclear.

title: Metastatic XXXX to the parotid: the role of surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy to achieve best outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The first empirical use of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists in urology occurred about 25 years ago in @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), or LUTS/ @entity1067 . Today, many randomized, controlled trials have provided evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists in LUTS/ @entity1067 , and they are the most frequently used initial treatment option for this cause of LUTS. For many years, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists have also been used empirically in other types of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), such as @entity5116 ( @entity5116 ) and neurogenic LUTD (NLUTD). Several investigators have shown that alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists may be useful in @entity1 with @entity5116 . This was recently confirmed by a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study evaluating the efficacy and safety of @entity9940 in 58 @entity5116 @entity1 . Further well-designed and -powered research into the use of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists in @entity1 with @entity5116 is currently ongoing. Several small-scale predominantly open-label studies have suggested that alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists may be of benefit in @entity1 with NLUTD. Data from 2 recent large-scale studies with @entity9940 in @entity1 with NLUTD caused by suprasacral @entity1566 suggest that long-term @entity9940 treatment improves bladder storage and emptying and also reduces symptoms of @entity12805 . @entity9940 has also shown promise in ameliorating (early) storage symptoms and urinary retention associated with transurethral microwave thermotherapy, external-beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. In @entity1067 @entity1 presenting with the ultimate form of LUTS-acute urinary retention-treatment with @entity9940 before catheter removal results in a higher success rate of catheter-free voiding. Finally, it seems that alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists may reduce the occurrence of urinary retention after (general) surgery. We can therefore conclude that alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists, such as @entity9940 , may be useful for treating @entity1 with LUTS beyond @entity1067 .

title: The use of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in lower urinary tract symptoms: beyond XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity5116 :: ('MESH:D011472', 'Disease') :: ['CP/CPPS', 'chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The possibility that the putative transmitter @entity750 ( @entity750 ) is involved in the mediation of long latency to onset raphe-spinal inhibition of sympathetic preganglionic neurones was investigated in anaesthetized @entity468 by stimulating sites located in nucleus raphe pallidus and obscurus and recording sympathetic discharge in T3 or T10 white rami evoked either reflexively or by intraspinal stimulation at cervical level. Several putative @entity750 antagonists were administered intravenously (i.v.) or topically to the spinal cord. In 7 @entity468 @entity10105 (LSD) in a dose range 25-50 microgram/kg i.v. or 0.6 microgram topically, reversibly reduced the raphe spinal inhibition by 40-100%. Topical application was more effective than i.v. administration. In 5 @entity468 stimulating within the ventromedial reticular formation at sites unlikely to involved @entity750 neurones produced a short latency to onset inhibition which was unaffected by LSD. @entity3858 , @entity7201 and @entity7782 depressed sympathetic discharge in the absence of brain stimulation in @entity468 with CNS intact and in unanaesthetized decerebrate spinal @entity468 . The results are discussed in the light of the known actions of the putative @entity750 antagonists.

title: Inhibition of sympathetic activity by stimulating in the raphe nuclei and the role of XXXX in this effect.

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['Methysergide']

entities_list: @entity7201 :: ('MESH:D002928', 'Chemical') :: ['cinanserin']

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity10105 :: ('MESH:D008238', 'Chemical') :: ['lysergic acid diethylamide']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive @entity167 use is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, including @entity409 , @entity360 , and @entity788 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the 2-year risk of gastrointestinal-related hospitalization and new-onset @entity344 based on @entity167 screening scores. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 : Male (N = 215, 924) and female (N = 9,168) outpatients who returned mailed questionnaires and were followed for 24 months. MEASUREMENTS: @entity167 Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption Questionnaire (AUDIT-C), a validated three-item @entity167 screening questionnaire (0-12 points). RESULTS: Two-year risk of hospitalization with a @entity344 was increased in @entity1 with AUDIT-C scores of 5-8 and 9-12 (OR 1.54, 95% CI = 1.27-1.86; and OR 3.27; 95% CI = 2.62-4.09 respectively), and @entity1 with AUDIT-C scores of 9-12 (OR 6.84, 95% CI = 1.85 - 25.37). @entity1 with AUDIT-C scores of 5-8 and 9-12 had increased risk of new-onset @entity409 (OR 1.49, 95% CI = 1.30-1.71; and OR 2.82, 95% CI = 2.38-3.34 respectively), and new-onset of @entity360 (OR 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05-1.57; and OR 2.14, 95% CI = 1.54-2.97 respectively). Two-year risk of new-onset @entity788 in @entity1 with AUDIT -C scores 9-12 was also increased (OR 2.14; 95% CI = 1.54-2.97). CONCLUSIONS: Excessive @entity167 use as determined by AUDIT-C is associated with 2-year increased risk of gastrointestinal-related hospitalization in @entity1 and @entity1 and new-onset @entity409 , @entity360 , and @entity788 in @entity1 . These results provide risk information that clinicians can use in evidence-based conversations with @entity1 about their @entity167 consumption.

title: XXXX screening scores and the risk of new-onset @entity344 or related hospitalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness', 'gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive @entity167 use is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, including @entity409 , @entity360 , and @entity788 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the 2-year risk of gastrointestinal-related hospitalization and new-onset @entity344 based on @entity167 screening scores. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 : Male (N = 215, 924) and female (N = 9,168) outpatients who returned mailed questionnaires and were followed for 24 months. MEASUREMENTS: @entity167 Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption Questionnaire (AUDIT-C), a validated three-item @entity167 screening questionnaire (0-12 points). RESULTS: Two-year risk of hospitalization with a @entity344 was increased in @entity1 with AUDIT-C scores of 5-8 and 9-12 (OR 1.54, 95% CI = 1.27-1.86; and OR 3.27; 95% CI = 2.62-4.09 respectively), and @entity1 with AUDIT-C scores of 9-12 (OR 6.84, 95% CI = 1.85 - 25.37). @entity1 with AUDIT-C scores of 5-8 and 9-12 had increased risk of new-onset @entity409 (OR 1.49, 95% CI = 1.30-1.71; and OR 2.82, 95% CI = 2.38-3.34 respectively), and new-onset of @entity360 (OR 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05-1.57; and OR 2.14, 95% CI = 1.54-2.97 respectively). Two-year risk of new-onset @entity788 in @entity1 with AUDIT -C scores 9-12 was also increased (OR 2.14; 95% CI = 1.54-2.97). CONCLUSIONS: Excessive @entity167 use as determined by AUDIT-C is associated with 2-year increased risk of gastrointestinal-related hospitalization in @entity1 and @entity1 and new-onset @entity409 , @entity360 , and @entity788 in @entity1 . These results provide risk information that clinicians can use in evidence-based conversations with @entity1 about their @entity167 consumption.

title: @entity167 screening scores and the risk of new-onset XXXX or related hospitalization.

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal illness']


abstract: @entity242 are uncommon @entity5 arising from mesenchymal tissue, accounting for approximately 10% of soft-tissue @entity242 and less than 1% of all @entity5 . The most frequent subtypes of @entity242 are @entity1821 . Total surgical extirpation appears the only chance for @entity1 cure since medical therapies have shown little efficacy. We have analyzed our series of 32 @entity27418 that undergone surgical resection and with at least 5 years of follow-up. We have included 21 @entity1 who underwent a complete resection (R0) and 6 @entity1 who underwent an incomplete resection (R1). However, the operation's goal was a complete @entity5 resection with @entity5 -free resection margins. The 5-year survival was 85.7% when we performed a R0 resection, while it was 33.3% when we performed a R1 resection with a significant statistical difference (p = 0.02). Surgery is the gold standard for treatment of @entity1821 . Despite advances in diagnostic modalities, surgical techniques and the adoption of more aggressive procedure, such disease still has a propensity for local recurrence, even after an apparent complete resection. Therefore, locoregional recurrence remains the main cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with a @entity27418 . Moreover when the @entity5 recurs locally, the treatment of choice is to remove the recurrence. Our experience shows that a complete resection of primary lesions and further resection of recurrences early detected with CT examination could improve the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity27418 . Moreover in our series, the @entity1 who undergo R1 resection had a worse prognosis.

title: Management of high-grade XXXX : personal experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'retroperitoneal sarcomas', 'Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity27418 :: ('MESH:C538370', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity27418 :: (MESH:C538370,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal liposarcomas']


abstract: The endothelium regulates vascular tone through the release of vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances. The most important of these vasodilating substances is @entity842 (NO), which is also vascular protective and inhibits inflammation, oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and migration. Damage to the endothelium causes @entity409 with impaired release of NO and loss of its antiatherogenic protection. Traditional risk factors for @entity453 , including @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , are associated with @entity409 and thus promote the atherogenic process. More recently, insulin resistance in the absence of overt @entity6 or the @entity209 has been associated with @entity409 . This association provides evidence that the @entity731 process may actually begin earlier in the spectrum of insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in a progression of the @entity209 to @entity5710 and then to type 2 @entity6 . Aggressive treatment of @entity2299 and @entity101 , even before the onset of type 2 @entity6 , would appear prudent in decreasing the progression of the @entity731 process. The @entity12721 are @entity6864 agonists that improve @entity413 and lipid metabolism. These agents have recently been shown to improve endothelial function in the early stages of insulin resistance. Results from ongoing trials with @entity12721 will reveal whether they will also reduce cardiovascular end points.

title: Role of XXXX in insulin resistance.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to clarify and resolve the clinical profile of older @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). BACKGROUND: Adverse consequences of @entity1121 such as @entity944 and incapacitating symptoms have been emphasized for the young and middle-aged. METHODS: Long-term outcome of @entity1121 was assessed in a community-based cohort not subject to tertiary center referral bias. RESULTS: Of 312 @entity1 , 73 (23%) achieved normal life expectancy (> or =75 years; range to 96); 44 (14%) were > or =80 years old. Most @entity1 > or =75 years (47; 64%) experienced no or only mild limiting symptoms and lived virtually their entire lives with few @entity1121 -related clinical consequences; 26 @entity1 (36%) experienced severe progressive symptoms. In elderly @entity1 with @entity1121 , diagnosis and symptom onset were considerably delayed to 74 +/- 8 and 70 +/- 11 years, respectively. For @entity1 > or =50 years at diagnosis, the probability of survival for 5, 10, and 15 years was 85 +/- 3%, 74 +/- 4%, and 57 +/- 6%, respectively, and did not significantly differ from a matched general population (p = 0.20). @entity1 > or =75 years were predominantly @entity1 , and had less marked wall thickness and more frequently showed basal outflow obstruction > or =30 mm Hg (compared with those <75 years; p < 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1121 is frequently well tolerated and compatible with normal life expectancy, and may remain clinically dormant for long periods of time with symptoms and initial diagnosis deferred until late in life. These observations afford a measure of reassurance to many @entity1 with @entity1121 , a disease for which clinical course is often unfavorable and unpredictable.

title: Clinical course of XXXX with survival to advanced age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19486 is a potent inhibitor of @entity11 growth in vitro. To examine whether synthetic oral @entity19486 can be tolerated by @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 ( @entity463 ) and to investigate its efficacy against these @entity5 , the authors undertook an open-label, sequential dose escalation/de-escalation tolerance study. METHODS: @entity1 with documented recurrent or progressive @entity11 who had received standard radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy were included. @entity1 were excluded for previous treatment with agents known to contain @entity19486 or treatment within 30 days with medications known to cause photosensitivity. Enrolled @entity1 were given gradually increasing dosages of oral synthetic @entity19486 (0.05-0.50 mg/kg) for up to 3 months if no @entity137 was observed, and @entity1 response to treatment was noted. The @entity1 were examined each month and underwent magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate @entity5 status at 3 months. RESULTS: Synthetic @entity19486 administered orally appeared to provide stabilization or a slight (<50%) decrease in @entity5 volume (coded as stable disease) at 3 months for 7 of 42 @entity1 (17%) and produced a @entity5 reduction >50% (partial response) in 2 @entity1 (5%). Seventeen @entity1 (40%) survived for 3 months on daily synthetic @entity19486 at dose levels of 0.33    0.070 mg/kg daily. The mean maximum tolerated dose was 0.40    0.098 mg/kg daily. Twelve @entity1 continued on @entity19486 therapy beyond 3 months. The median survival was 26 weeks (Kaplan-Meier method). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that synthetic, oral @entity19486 is well tolerated in this @entity1 group. The response results were comparable to those reported from other studies of salvage therapies for recurrent @entity1313 .

title: A phase 1/2 study of orally administered synthetic @entity19486 for treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity19486 :: ('MESH:C004965', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypericin', 'hypericin']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19486 is a potent inhibitor of @entity11 growth in vitro. To examine whether synthetic oral @entity19486 can be tolerated by @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 ( @entity463 ) and to investigate its efficacy against these @entity5 , the authors undertook an open-label, sequential dose escalation/de-escalation tolerance study. METHODS: @entity1 with documented recurrent or progressive @entity11 who had received standard radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy were included. @entity1 were excluded for previous treatment with agents known to contain @entity19486 or treatment within 30 days with medications known to cause photosensitivity. Enrolled @entity1 were given gradually increasing dosages of oral synthetic @entity19486 (0.05-0.50 mg/kg) for up to 3 months if no @entity137 was observed, and @entity1 response to treatment was noted. The @entity1 were examined each month and underwent magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate @entity5 status at 3 months. RESULTS: Synthetic @entity19486 administered orally appeared to provide stabilization or a slight (<50%) decrease in @entity5 volume (coded as stable disease) at 3 months for 7 of 42 @entity1 (17%) and produced a @entity5 reduction >50% (partial response) in 2 @entity1 (5%). Seventeen @entity1 (40%) survived for 3 months on daily synthetic @entity19486 at dose levels of 0.33    0.070 mg/kg daily. The mean maximum tolerated dose was 0.40    0.098 mg/kg daily. Twelve @entity1 continued on @entity19486 therapy beyond 3 months. The median survival was 26 weeks (Kaplan-Meier method). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that synthetic, oral @entity19486 is well tolerated in this @entity1 group. The response results were comparable to those reported from other studies of salvage therapies for recurrent @entity1313 .

title: A phase 1/2 study of orally administered synthetic XXXX for treatment of recurrent @entity11 .

answer: @entity19486 :: (MESH:C004965,Chemical) :: ['hypericin']


abstract: @entity5132 undergoes a reversible morphological transition from single @entity375 cells to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments. In this organism, @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA), coded by two catalytic subunits ( @entity33962 and @entity6772 ) and one regulatory subunit ( @entity20883 ), mediates basic cellular processes, such as the @entity375 -to-hypha transition and cell cycle regulation. It is known that both Tpk isoforms play positive roles in vegetative growth and filamentation, although distinct roles have been found in virulence, stress response and glycogen storage. However, little is known regarding the participation of Tpk1p and/or Tpk2p in pseudohyphal development. This point was addressed using several @entity5132 PKA mutants having heterozygous or homozygous deletions of @entity33962 and/or @entity6772 in different @entity20883 genetic backgrounds. We observed that under hypha-only inducing conditions, all @entity20883 heterozygous strains shifted growth toward pseudohyphal morphology; however, the pseudohypha:hypha ratio was higher in strains devoid of @entity6772 . Under pseudohypha-only inducing conditions, strains lacking @entity6772 were prone to develop short and branched pseudohyphae. In @entity6772 /\/ @entity6772 /\ strains, biofilm architecture was markedly less dense, composed of short pseudohyphae and blastospores with reduced adhesion ability to abiotic material, suggesting a significant defect in cell adherence. Immunolabelling assays showed a decreased expression of adhesins Als1p and Als3p only in the @entity6772 /\/ @entity6772 /\ strain. Complementation of this mutant with a wild-type copy of @entity6772 restored all the altered functions: pseudohyphae elongation, biofilm composition, cell aggregation and adhesins expression. Our study suggests that the Tpk2p isoform may be part of a mechanism underlying not only polarized pseudohyphal morphogenesis but also cell adherence.

title: XXXX Tpk1p and Tpk2p isoforms differentially regulate pseudohyphal development, biofilm structure, cell aggregation and adhesins expression.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11003 is a rare @entity5 of smooth muscle origin. It has been reported in many anatomical sites, but it usually affects limbs. It's recurrence rate is slow but it's quite difficult to make diagnosis. CASE REPORT: The study describes the case of a 53-year-old @entity1 , with a subcutaneous, large @entity11003 of the right clavicular region. The @entity1 had a @entity158 , slow-growing mass, measuring more than 20 mm. The mass had a relatively homogeneous, hypoechoic-echo texture, with a small amount of posterior acoustic enhancement. No diagnosis was made and the @entity1 underwent surgery for a suspected leyomioma. After surgery a hard, round-shaped @entity5 , measuring approximately 43 x 32 mm of diameter was found with histological features of leyomioma. DISCUSSION: The case has an unusual clinical presentation, for the uncommon localization and size of the mass. US imaging and histopathologic features are reported. The rarity of @entity11003 makes diagnosis difficult and frequently delayed. Differential diagnosis includes @entity281 , @entity5 , @entity2695 , @entity14325 , @entity4494 , and @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights that @entity2909 , even of large dimension, must be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity158 , subcutaneous masses.

title: A large XXXX or an infected sebaceous cyst of the chest? A case report.

entities_list: @entity11003 :: ('MESH:D018229', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular leiomyoma', 'vascular leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glomus tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected sebaceous cysts']

entities_list: @entity14325 :: ('MESH:D018206', 'Disease') :: ['angiolipomas']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic neuromas']

answer: @entity11003 :: (MESH:D018229,Disease) :: ['vascular leiomyoma']


abstract: The clinical and pathologic data from two cases of @entity2946 with systemic @entity3 , and 101 previously reported cases were evaluated to define better the clinical presentation and natural history. @entity1 ranged in age from six months to 48 years, with a mean of 13 years; two thirds of the @entity1 were male. Ventricular shunts had been inserted in 20% of the @entity1 . Systemic @entity3 occurred on an average of two years after the diagnosis of the @entity5 in @entity1 without shunts, but only 1.3 years in @entity1 with shunts. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 were known to have experienced recurrence or spread of @entity2946 within the central nervous system by the time systemic @entity3 appeared. Ninety percent showed radiologic evidence of bone @entity3 , of which 60% were osteoblastic. Bones most frequently involved were pelvis, femur and vertebrae; @entity158 was the most common initial symptom. At autopsy, lymph node @entity3 were found in 65% and liver @entity3 were found in 28% of all cases in addition to bone @entity3 in 82%. Lung @entity3 occurred in 9% of the @entity1 without shunts, compared with 30% of @entity1 with shunts. The average survival was seven months after the appearance of systemic @entity3 for @entity1 both with and without shunts. Approximately 5% of @entity1 with @entity2946 may be expected to develop systemic @entity3 . This development is associated with increased morbidity and a shortened life expectancy.

title: Systemic @entity3 from XXXX : report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: The clinical and pathologic data from two cases of @entity2946 with systemic @entity3 , and 101 previously reported cases were evaluated to define better the clinical presentation and natural history. @entity1 ranged in age from six months to 48 years, with a mean of 13 years; two thirds of the @entity1 were male. Ventricular shunts had been inserted in 20% of the @entity1 . Systemic @entity3 occurred on an average of two years after the diagnosis of the @entity5 in @entity1 without shunts, but only 1.3 years in @entity1 with shunts. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 were known to have experienced recurrence or spread of @entity2946 within the central nervous system by the time systemic @entity3 appeared. Ninety percent showed radiologic evidence of bone @entity3 , of which 60% were osteoblastic. Bones most frequently involved were pelvis, femur and vertebrae; @entity158 was the most common initial symptom. At autopsy, lymph node @entity3 were found in 65% and liver @entity3 were found in 28% of all cases in addition to bone @entity3 in 82%. Lung @entity3 occurred in 9% of the @entity1 without shunts, compared with 30% of @entity1 with shunts. The average survival was seven months after the appearance of systemic @entity3 for @entity1 both with and without shunts. Approximately 5% of @entity1 with @entity2946 may be expected to develop systemic @entity3 . This development is associated with increased morbidity and a shortened life expectancy.

title: Systemic XXXX from @entity2946 : report of two cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) is an important member of cellular enzymatic antioxidant system, which may be involved in pathogen defense of host. In the present study, a @entity4259 -dependent @entity2041 peroxidase (MmeGPx) gene from clam @entity8964 was cloned and analyzed. The MmeGPx gene was composed of two introns of 723  bp and 238  bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 711  bp. The ORF encodes a protein of 237 @entity1522 with a putative @entity16266 residue encoded by an unusual stop codon. MmeGPx shares a higher level of similarity with @entity1 @entity19004 than with other @entity1 GPx isozymes. The level of MmeGPx mRNA roughly paralleled GPx enzyme activity in different tissues except in gills, with the highest mRNA expression and enzyme activity occurring in hepatopancreas. MmeGPx mRNA expressions were detected in different larval stages and the results showed that MmeGPx mRNA increased significantly in pediveliger stage, which may be a response to oxidative stress. After challenge of clam with a @entity8966 -related bacterium (MM21), the expression of MmeGPx was significantly up-regulated at 6  h and 12  h in hepatopancreas, which suggested that MmeGPx may be involved in the immune response to MM21 infection. To better understand its role in the immunity of clam, the expression of MmeGPx in hepatopancreas was compared between a selected Vibrio-resistant population and a control population after immersion challenge with MM21. Early up-regulation of MmeGPx was observed in the resistant population. These results suggested that MmeGPx might be involved in maintaining the redox state of immune system, and the early immune response to pathogen infection may help the clam against pathogen infection.

title: Molecular characterization of a @entity2041 peroxidase gene and its expression in the selected Vibrio-resistant population of the clam XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity16266 :: ('MESH:D017279', 'Chemical') :: ['selenocysteine']

entities_list: @entity8964 :: ('291251', 'Species') :: ['Meretrix meretrix']

answer: @entity8964 :: (291251,Species) :: ['Meretrix meretrix']


abstract: @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) is an important member of cellular enzymatic antioxidant system, which may be involved in pathogen defense of host. In the present study, a @entity4259 -dependent @entity2041 peroxidase (MmeGPx) gene from clam @entity8964 was cloned and analyzed. The MmeGPx gene was composed of two introns of 723  bp and 238  bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 711  bp. The ORF encodes a protein of 237 @entity1522 with a putative @entity16266 residue encoded by an unusual stop codon. MmeGPx shares a higher level of similarity with @entity1 @entity19004 than with other @entity1 GPx isozymes. The level of MmeGPx mRNA roughly paralleled GPx enzyme activity in different tissues except in gills, with the highest mRNA expression and enzyme activity occurring in hepatopancreas. MmeGPx mRNA expressions were detected in different larval stages and the results showed that MmeGPx mRNA increased significantly in pediveliger stage, which may be a response to oxidative stress. After challenge of clam with a @entity8966 -related bacterium (MM21), the expression of MmeGPx was significantly up-regulated at 6  h and 12  h in hepatopancreas, which suggested that MmeGPx may be involved in the immune response to MM21 infection. To better understand its role in the immunity of clam, the expression of MmeGPx in hepatopancreas was compared between a selected Vibrio-resistant population and a control population after immersion challenge with MM21. Early up-regulation of MmeGPx was observed in the resistant population. These results suggested that MmeGPx might be involved in maintaining the redox state of immune system, and the early immune response to pathogen infection may help the clam against pathogen infection.

title: Molecular characterization of a XXXX peroxidase gene and its expression in the selected Vibrio-resistant population of the clam @entity8964 .

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: Nine plasma cell @entity1582 @entity1 spontaneously developed histologically proven @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) limited predominantly to the gastrointestinal tract within 1 month of initial @entity8 ( @entity8 ) using high-dose melphalan conditioning. All recipients responded promptly to systemic and nonabsorbable oral corticosteroid therapy. All @entity1 previously received systemic therapy with @entity2816 , @entity6985 , or @entity1749 before @entity8 . Using enzymatic amplification staining-enhanced flow cytometry, we evaluated expression of selected transcription regulators, pathway molecules, and surface receptors on samples of the infused hematopoietic cell grafts. We demonstrated significantly enhanced expression of @entity12627 , @entity37164 , and @entity436 on @entity2280 (+) hematopoietic progenitor cells of affected @entity1 compared with 42 unaffected @entity8 controls. These 3 overexpressed markers have not been previously implicated in autologous @entity2132 . Although we did not specifically evaluate T cells, we postulate that exposure over time to the various immunomodulating therapies used for induction treatment affected not only the @entity2280 (+) cells but also T cells or relevant T cell subpopulations capable of mediating @entity2132 . After infusion, the affected hematopoietic progenitor cells then encounter a host that has been further altered by the high-dose melphalan preparative regimen; such a situation leads to the syndrome. These surface markers could be used to develop a model to predict development of this syndrome. Autologous @entity2132 potentially is a serious complication of @entity8 and should be considered in plasma cell @entity1582 @entity1 with otherwise unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms in the immediate post- @entity8 period. Prompt recognition of this condition and protracted treatment with nonabsorbable or systemic @entity288 or the combination may lead to resolution.

title: Spontaneous XXXX in plasma cell @entity1582 autograft recipients: flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic progenitor cell grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['AHCT', 'autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'autologous graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['autologous graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Nine plasma cell @entity1582 @entity1 spontaneously developed histologically proven @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) limited predominantly to the gastrointestinal tract within 1 month of initial @entity8 ( @entity8 ) using high-dose melphalan conditioning. All recipients responded promptly to systemic and nonabsorbable oral corticosteroid therapy. All @entity1 previously received systemic therapy with @entity2816 , @entity6985 , or @entity1749 before @entity8 . Using enzymatic amplification staining-enhanced flow cytometry, we evaluated expression of selected transcription regulators, pathway molecules, and surface receptors on samples of the infused hematopoietic cell grafts. We demonstrated significantly enhanced expression of @entity12627 , @entity37164 , and @entity436 on @entity2280 (+) hematopoietic progenitor cells of affected @entity1 compared with 42 unaffected @entity8 controls. These 3 overexpressed markers have not been previously implicated in autologous @entity2132 . Although we did not specifically evaluate T cells, we postulate that exposure over time to the various immunomodulating therapies used for induction treatment affected not only the @entity2280 (+) cells but also T cells or relevant T cell subpopulations capable of mediating @entity2132 . After infusion, the affected hematopoietic progenitor cells then encounter a host that has been further altered by the high-dose melphalan preparative regimen; such a situation leads to the syndrome. These surface markers could be used to develop a model to predict development of this syndrome. Autologous @entity2132 potentially is a serious complication of @entity8 and should be considered in plasma cell @entity1582 @entity1 with otherwise unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms in the immediate post- @entity8 period. Prompt recognition of this condition and protracted treatment with nonabsorbable or systemic @entity288 or the combination may lead to resolution.

title: Spontaneous @entity2132 in plasma cell XXXX autograft recipients: flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic progenitor cell grafts.

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: @entity23854 ( @entity23854 ) are synthetic peptides exerting GH-dependent or GH-independent effects via GH secretagogue receptor on many organs, including the heart. The underlying mechanisms of the cardiotropic properties of @entity23854 are poorly understood. This study investigates these effects of four @entity23854 in isolated perfused heart preparations and isolated neonatal and adult ventricular myocytes. The @entity460 response of cardiocytes to @entity23854 was visualized using confocal microscopy. All tested @entity23854 facilitated both ventricular contraction and relaxation in a dose-dependent manner, moderately decreasing coronary flow, but not modifying heart rate. @entity23854 induced a biphasic increase in intracellular free @entity141 of the cardiocytes, consisting of a transient phase (phase 1), followed by a plateau phase (phase 2). Phase 1 was abolished by pretreatment with @entity2426 , a @entity141 - @entity859 triphosphatase inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The phase 2 response was eliminated by removing extracellular free @entity141 , by @entity1855 , a voltage-gated @entity141 channel blocker, or by 24-h pretreatment with @entity1359 , down-regulating protein kinase C. In isolated (denervated) heart, @entity23854 have a direct cardiotropic, without chronotropic, effect. @entity23854 elevate myocardial intracellular free @entity141 through activating @entity141 influx via voltage-gated @entity141 channels and triggering @entity141 release from @entity2426 -sensitive intracellular @entity141 stores. Protein kinase C mediates the @entity23854 -induced @entity141 influx, but not @entity141 release. These finding support a number of roles for @entity23854 in the cardiovascular system.

title: The positive inotropic and XXXX -mobilizing effects of growth hormone-releasing peptides on rat heart.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Neurosteroids are synthesized de novo in the brain, and the cerebellar Purkinje cell is a major site for neurosteroid formation. We have demonstrated that the Purkinje cell possesses intranuclear receptor for @entity1420 and actively produces @entity1420 de novo from @entity165 only during @entity35 neonatal life, when cerebellar cortical formation occurs dramatically. We have further demonstrated that @entity1420 promotes dendritic growth, spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis via its receptor in this neuron in the neonate. On the other hand, @entity172 may also play an important role in the process of cerebellar cortical formation, because the neonatal @entity35 Purkinje cell possesses @entity172 receptor ( @entity12209 . However, @entity172 formation in the neonatal cerebellum is still unclear. In this study, we therefore analyzed the biosynthesis and action of @entity172 in Purkinje cells during neonatal life. RT-PCR-Southern and in situ hybridization analyses showed that Purkinje cells expressed the key enzyme of @entity172 formation, cytochrome P450 aromatase, in neonatal @entity35 . A specific enzyme immunoassay for @entity53 further indicated that cerebellar @entity53 concentrations in the neonate were significantly higher than those in the prepuberty and adult. Both in vitro and in vivo studies with newborn @entity35 showed that @entity53 promoted dose-dependent dendritic growth of Purkinje cells. @entity53 also increased the density of Purkinje dendritic spines. These effects were inhibited by the ER antagonist @entity440 . These results suggest that @entity53 in the developing Purkinje cell promotes dendritic growth and spinogenesis via @entity12209 in this neuron. @entity53 as well as @entity1420 may contribute to the growth of Purkinje cells during the cerebellar cortical formation.

title: Dendritic growth and spine formation in response to XXXX in the developing Purkinje cell.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Controversy regarding functional reorganization in the adult brain remains. To investigate whether neuroplasticity is present in adults with @entity2319 , we examined the pattern of cerebral @entity413 metabolism on @entity419 brain PET images of postlingually deaf @entity1 by comparing the auditory cortical activation pattern with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We also correlated the cerebral @entity413 metabolism in deaf @entity1 with the duration of @entity2319 using statistical parametric mapping. METHODS: In the resting state (eye closed, ears unoccluded in a dark and quiet environment), @entity419 brain PET scans were performed on 9 postlingually deaf @entity1 and 9 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Significant increases and decreases of regional cerebral metabolism in the @entity1 group were estimated by comparing their PET images with those of the healthy volunteers using t statistics at every voxel. To reveal regions in which metabolism was significantly correlated with the duration of @entity2319 , the general linear model with the duration of @entity2319 as a covariate was tested at each voxel. RESULTS: When we compared @entity419 brain PET images of postlingually deaf @entity1 with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects by performing a t test at every voxel, the @entity413 metabolism of deaf @entity1 was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that of the control subjects in both anterior cingulate gyri (Brodmann area 24 [BA24]) and superior temporal cortices (BA41, BA42) and in the right parahippocampal gyrus. No area showed a significant increase of metabolism in deaf @entity1 with the same threshold. When we correlated @entity413 metabolism of deaf @entity1 with the duration of @entity2319 after total deprivation of hearing capability using a general linear model with the duration of @entity2319 as a covariate at every voxel, metabolism in both anterior cingulate gyri (BA24) and superior temporal cortices (BA41, BA42) showed a significant (P < 0.005) positive correlation with the duration of @entity2319 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that plasticity is present in adult brains of postlingually deaf @entity1 . In the mature brain, auditory deprivation decreased neuronal activity transiently in primary auditory and auditory-related cortices, and, over time, functional reorganization likely takes place in the auditory cortex. Plasticity was prominent in superior temporal and anterior cingulate gyri in the sensory-deprived mature brain and militated against postimplantation improvement in @entity1 with cochlear implants.

title: PET evidence of neuroplasticity in adult auditory cortex of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'postlingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['postlingual deafness']


abstract: NKT cells play important roles in the regulation of diverse immune responses. Therefore, chemokine receptor expression and chemotactic responses of @entity19 TCRalphabeta NKT cells were examined to define their homing potential. Most NKT cells stained for the chemokine receptor @entity14013 , while >90% of @entity33686 i-positive and approximately 50% of @entity33686 i-negative NKT cells expressed @entity71544 via an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter construct. @entity9843 expression was higher on @entity33686 i-negative than @entity33686 i-positive NKT cells. In spleen only, subsets of @entity33686 i-positive and -negative NKT cells also expressed @entity51934 . NKT cell subsets migrated in response to ligands for the inflammatory chemokine receptors @entity14013 (monokine induced by @entity12426 ) and @entity71544 ( @entity31229 ), and regulatory chemokine receptors @entity13386 ( @entity13385 ( @entity13385 )/CC ligand (CCL)21), @entity9843 (stromal cell-derived factor-1/ @entity19149 ), and @entity51934 (B cell-attracting chemokine-1/ @entity20782 ); but not to ligands for other chemokine receptors. Two NKT cell subsets migrated in response to the lymphoid homing chemokine @entity13385 /CCL21: @entity1961 (-) Valpha14i-negative NKT cells that were @entity6232 (high) and enriched for expression of @entity73013 (consistent with the phenotype of most NKT cells found in peripheral lymph nodes); and immature @entity33686 i-positive cells lacking @entity11386 and @entity6232 . Mature @entity11386 (+) Valpha14i-positive NKT cells did not migrate to @entity13385 /CCL21. @entity20782 / @entity20782 , which mediates homing to B cell zones, elicited migration of @entity33686 i-positive and -negative NKT cells in the spleen. These cells were primarily @entity1961 (+) or @entity1961 (-)CD8(-) and were enriched for Ly49C/I, but not @entity73013 . Low levels of chemotaxis to @entity31229 were only detected in @entity33686 i-positive NKT cell subsets. Our results identify subsets of NKT cells with distinct homing and localization patterns, suggesting that these populations play specialized roles in immunological processes in vivo.

title: Differential chemokine responses and homing patterns of XXXX TCR alpha beta NKT cell subsets.

entities_list: @entity13385 :: ('18829(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine', 'SLC']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of @entity43 ( @entity43 ). METHODS: We retrospectively performed chart reviews of 22 @entity1 with @entity43 who were diagnosed and treated in the university medical center from 1998 to 2009 inclusively. RESULTS: @entity43 among ovarian pathology in our hospital were detected in 22 @entity1 (1.79%). The mean age was 50 years, range (20-90). Post surgical FIGO staging was Stage I = 86.4%, and Stage II = 13.6%. The most common histologic subtype was mucinous (59%). Five @entity1 (22.7%) had a unilocular cyst at ultrasonography. Conservative surgery was performed in 31.8%. One @entity1 of them had normal spontaneous delivery after term pregnancy. Two @entity1 had a recurrence. One @entity1 with recurrent disease underwent transformation to @entity3 and died 35 months after the initial diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should warn @entity1 about the early relapse of @entity43 and these @entity1 may need careful follow-up due to the possibility of recurrences.

title: Clinical analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['borderline ovarian tumors', 'BOTS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['borderline ovarian tumors']


abstract: @entity4553 and @entity18415 associated with @entity5109 may be due to equinovalgus and/or metatarsus primus adductus or combinations of these. Occasionally the condition occurs in equinovarus feet. @entity4553 " is usually due to a weak @entity2003 longus, overpull of the anterior tibial muscle on the first metatarsal and @entity508 or contracture of the @entity1795 longus or brevis. A weak peroneus longus muscle has not caused this deformity. The condition is usually predictable in the growing @entity1 if all factors related to gait, collagen stability and foot alignment are observed. Treatment includes soft-tissue and bone realignment. Release of the adductor hallucis, lateral collateral ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joint, plication of the medial capsule and of the abductor hallucis and centralization of the @entity2003 longus will realign the first ray. The @entity1795 longus is transferred to athe @entity2003 longus proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint and the anterior tibial tendon is transferred to the second metatarsal. An osteotomy at the base of the first metatarsal and at the base of the proximal phalanx will realign the skeleton. Twenty-six great toes in 16 @entity1 have been observed for two to 20 years. The correction has been maintained without arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint except where @entity1844 occurred. Once the pattern of deformity is evident, progression is unrelenting and treatment is indicated in order to prevent @entity1844 .

title: XXXX and @entity18415 associated with cerebral palsy: analysis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia of the articular cartilage', 'chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['extensor hallucis']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity18415 :: ('MESH:D050488', 'Disease') :: ['hallux flexus']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['Hallux valgus', 'Hallux flexus or "dorsal bunion']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor hallucis']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['Hallux valgus']


abstract: @entity4553 and @entity18415 associated with @entity5109 may be due to equinovalgus and/or metatarsus primus adductus or combinations of these. Occasionally the condition occurs in equinovarus feet. @entity4553 " is usually due to a weak @entity2003 longus, overpull of the anterior tibial muscle on the first metatarsal and @entity508 or contracture of the @entity1795 longus or brevis. A weak peroneus longus muscle has not caused this deformity. The condition is usually predictable in the growing @entity1 if all factors related to gait, collagen stability and foot alignment are observed. Treatment includes soft-tissue and bone realignment. Release of the adductor hallucis, lateral collateral ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joint, plication of the medial capsule and of the abductor hallucis and centralization of the @entity2003 longus will realign the first ray. The @entity1795 longus is transferred to athe @entity2003 longus proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint and the anterior tibial tendon is transferred to the second metatarsal. An osteotomy at the base of the first metatarsal and at the base of the proximal phalanx will realign the skeleton. Twenty-six great toes in 16 @entity1 have been observed for two to 20 years. The correction has been maintained without arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint except where @entity1844 occurred. Once the pattern of deformity is evident, progression is unrelenting and treatment is indicated in order to prevent @entity1844 .

title: @entity4553 and XXXX associated with cerebral palsy: analysis and treatment.

answer: @entity18415 :: (MESH:D050488,Disease) :: ['hallux flexus']


abstract: @entity1613 are defined as a generalized state associated with a significantly increased risk of @entity5 . For the oral and perioral region, @entity1282 , @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ), @entity2345 ( @entity2345 ), syphilis, @entity9821 , @entity2173 as well as @entity2640 play a role as @entity1613 . The number of published cases of oral or perioral malignant transformation for some of these diseases is small. In addition, @entity1697 associated with syphilis are of historical interest, although publications in the 1990s still reported positive serology of syphilis and @entity189 of the tongue. @entity8619 is still controversially discussed as to its premalignant nature. Transformation rates have been reported between 0% and 5.6%. Recent prospective studies have revealed that possibly oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) are more likely to form the basis of malignant transformation as compared to the classic @entity8619 . The differentiation between @entity8619 and OLR is difficult both from clinical and histopathological aspects. The second most important @entity1613 is @entity2345 , which is caused by betel quid chewing. @entity2345 is most prevalent in South and Southeast Asia. The transformation rate is as high as 7.6% making @entity2345 one of the most important @entity1613 of the oral region.

title: [Oral XXXX --an overview].

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the tongue and the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity2345 :: ('MESH:D009914', 'Disease') :: ['OSF', 'oral submucous fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity9821 :: ('MESH:D008179', 'Disease') :: ['discoid lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['sideropenic dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous condition', 'precancerous conditions', 'Precancerous conditions']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'oral lichen planus']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['precancerous conditions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The proportion of dental causes of @entity1180 is estimated between 10% and 40%. The mechanisms are manifold and originate from the close relation of the side teeth and the maxillary sinus. In the past, the transantral approach was commonly used by maxillofacial surgeons as their first choice. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 01/1999 and 10/2001 38 @entity1 underwent endoscopic surgery controlled via the fossa canina. Apart from the mandatory treatment of the dental focus and the mucosal pathologies, a fenestration to the middle meatus of the nose was performed in 7 cases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The dental medical history, @entity5299 , CT scans in coronary plane, endoscopic findings, and histology showed the commonly "silent" course of dental @entity1244 . Typical findings in CT scans are unilateral basal maxillary opacities adjacent to the @entity2651 . In 20% of the cases there was also a blockade of the infundibulum. All @entity1 were reexamined 6-12 months postoperatively. The @entity1 are free of symptoms, but sometimes suffer from @entity10 . An exact diagnosis and the clear separation of rhinogenic causes are vital points for the therapy of dental @entity1244 . In cases of unilateral @entity1244 , a comprehensive investigation by the maxillofacial surgeon should be recommended. Video-assisted endoscopic sinus revision is preferable to the transantral approach and is especially suitable for the treatment of mucosal @entity6112 , the removal of foreign bodies, endoscopically controlled resections of apical roots, elevations of the sinus floor, and dental implants. If the ethmoidal infundibulum and maxillary ostium are open, no fenestration is needed. In cases of blockade, fenestration to the middle nose canal is indicated.

title: [Video-assisted endoscopic sinus revision for treatment of chronic, unilateral odontogenic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['retention cysts']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['molar and premolar teeth']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: @entity1526 or American @entity1 @entity7246 , is a @entity4801 due to @entity1527 , which is endemic in Latin America. The parasite is transmitted by haematophagous vectors from reduviidae family. In some @entity1 , the parasite is responsible for severe complications such as cardiac manifestations, @entity344 . Imported @entity1526 by immigration in non-endemic countries poses the threat of the infection transmission by blood transfusion. In order to prevent this risk, the French Blood Services (EFS) introduced systematic screening of at-risk blood donors for anti-T. cruzi antibodies, in May 2007. The concerned donors are @entity1 originating from an endemic area, donors with mothers originating from such an area and individuals who had lived in or travelled to endemic areas. Donors were screened with two different Elisas simultaneously: one Elisa using purified parasite lysate antigens and the second one composed of recombinant antigens. Positive results and discrepant results were further assayed with an immunofluorescence assay. A seroprevalence assay was performed in the 17 French blood centres after an 18-month testing period from May 2007 to December 2008. During this period 4,637,479 million donations were collected. Out of these 163,740 donations were tested (3.5%). The prevalence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies was one in 32,800 donations. Five positive donors were identified. All of them were originating from endemic areas. A rate of 0.85% indeterminate results was found. Screening strategy revision was decided to reduce the number of donors unnecessarily deferred.

title: [ XXXX and blood transfusion: an emerging issue in non-endemic countries].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal involvement and neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare vocational interests as a function of sex and race among @entity1 with recent @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), because previous research used almost exclusively white @entity1 . Limited research from nearly 2 decades ago suggested @entity1566 selectively occurs to @entity1 whose vocational interests are consistent with the Realistic theme of the Holland typology, indicative of a preference for activities and occupations requiring physical strength and dexterity. DESIGN: The Strong Interest Inventory (SII) was completed an average of 50 days after @entity1566 onset. SETTING: Data were collected at a specialty hospital and analyzed at a medical university. @entity1 : Adults with traumatic @entity1566 (N=500) were assessed during inpatient rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The SII, a 317-item measure of vocational interests. RESULTS: Although the findings for white @entity1 were consistent with elevation of the Realistic theme when compared with the reference group, the interests of @entity1 and black @entity1 were substantially different. @entity1 scored highest on Social, Enterprising, and Conventional themes compared with the reference group. Black @entity1 reported significantly higher elevations than whites on 5 themes (all except Realistic), with elevations on the Social, Enterprising, and Conventional themes exceeding standardized norms. The Artistic and Investigative themes were least descriptive of the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of likely differences in patterns of vocational interests as a function of race and sex, and use vocational interests as a means of facilitating postinjury adaptation.

title: Vocational interests after recent XXXX : comparisons related to sex and race.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity786 (CP) embryotoxicity was documented in several studies on different experimental models. We investigate quantitatively the relationship between the embryotoxic effect of CP and the disturbance of the cell-cycle using flow cytometry. METHODS: @entity1573 embryos on Days 2-4 were treated with 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 microg doses of pure substance of CP by intraamniotic or subgerminal administration routes. Cell-cycle analysis was carried out in the brain, limb buds, hearts, and facial outgrowths dissected from the embryos 6 hr after administration. Samples of nuclear suspensions were obtained by enzymatic and mechanical disintegration of solid tissues in collagenase-dispase, followed by detergent and RNA-ase mediated cytolysis. Nuclei were stained by @entity5611 . RESULTS: A dose-dependent increase of S-phase cells followed by decrement of G2M cell compartment was observed. The significant block of S-phase cells, however, was not always associated with @entity600 . The degree of cell-cycle disturbance was expressed more readily by the ratio G2M/S that demonstrated consistently the threshold character of both teratogenic and lethal effects. CONCLUSION: CP-induced @entity137 manifested by dose-dependent disturbance of cell-cycle resulted in an overall @entity308 of proliferation activity clearly associated with the occurrence of @entity600 and @entity204 . Although a non-significant @entity308 of mitotic activity appeared sufficient to produce @entity600 on Day 2, remarkably deeper disturbance was needed to interfere with the development of the embryos in more advanced stages. Changes in proliferation rate appear to be a primary and most important event in teratogenesis induced by general toxic agents.

title: Cell-cycle alterations underlie @entity786 -induced teratogenesis in the XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity786 (CP) embryotoxicity was documented in several studies on different experimental models. We investigate quantitatively the relationship between the embryotoxic effect of CP and the disturbance of the cell-cycle using flow cytometry. METHODS: @entity1573 embryos on Days 2-4 were treated with 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 microg doses of pure substance of CP by intraamniotic or subgerminal administration routes. Cell-cycle analysis was carried out in the brain, limb buds, hearts, and facial outgrowths dissected from the embryos 6 hr after administration. Samples of nuclear suspensions were obtained by enzymatic and mechanical disintegration of solid tissues in collagenase-dispase, followed by detergent and RNA-ase mediated cytolysis. Nuclei were stained by @entity5611 . RESULTS: A dose-dependent increase of S-phase cells followed by decrement of G2M cell compartment was observed. The significant block of S-phase cells, however, was not always associated with @entity600 . The degree of cell-cycle disturbance was expressed more readily by the ratio G2M/S that demonstrated consistently the threshold character of both teratogenic and lethal effects. CONCLUSION: CP-induced @entity137 manifested by dose-dependent disturbance of cell-cycle resulted in an overall @entity308 of proliferation activity clearly associated with the occurrence of @entity600 and @entity204 . Although a non-significant @entity308 of mitotic activity appeared sufficient to produce @entity600 on Day 2, remarkably deeper disturbance was needed to interfere with the development of the embryos in more advanced stages. Changes in proliferation rate appear to be a primary and most important event in teratogenesis induced by general toxic agents.

title: Cell-cycle alterations underlie XXXX -induced teratogenesis in the @entity1573 embryo.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity14243 ( @entity14243 ) stimulates cell motility via binding its receptor ( @entity6181 ) and @entity6181 is engaged in @entity5 cell motility and the @entity6181 gene expression level may define a more @entity146 phenotype. In this study, we investigated the expression of @entity6181 in @entity2 cells and revealed its roles in the cell motility of a @entity5 . We detected @entity6181 expression in tissue specimens from @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and assessed their clinical characteristics. METHODS: Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses and phagokinetic assay, we studied the correlation between the level of @entity6181 gene expression and cell motility. We quantified the expression of @entity6181 in 51 @entity1 with @entity1149 to investigate the relationship between @entity6181 expression and clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. RESULTS: We found that @entity2 cell lines with higher @entity6181 gene expression tended to have larger cell motility than those with lower @entity6181 gene expression. The @entity6181 gene expression was significantly associated with lymph node @entity3 , and stage. The overall survival rate for @entity1 with a high level of @entity6181 gene expression with @entity5 was significantly worse than for those individuals whose @entity5 had low @entity6181 expression. Furthermore, @entity6181 expression was significantly related to survival by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that @entity14243 -R may contribute to @entity5 progression and @entity6181 gene expression can serve as a useful prognostic marker in @entity1149 .

title: @entity14243 -receptor gene expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14243 :: ('2821', 'Gene') :: ['Autocrine motility factor', 'AMF']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity14243 ( @entity14243 ) stimulates cell motility via binding its receptor ( @entity6181 ) and @entity6181 is engaged in @entity5 cell motility and the @entity6181 gene expression level may define a more @entity146 phenotype. In this study, we investigated the expression of @entity6181 in @entity2 cells and revealed its roles in the cell motility of a @entity5 . We detected @entity6181 expression in tissue specimens from @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and assessed their clinical characteristics. METHODS: Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses and phagokinetic assay, we studied the correlation between the level of @entity6181 gene expression and cell motility. We quantified the expression of @entity6181 in 51 @entity1 with @entity1149 to investigate the relationship between @entity6181 expression and clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. RESULTS: We found that @entity2 cell lines with higher @entity6181 gene expression tended to have larger cell motility than those with lower @entity6181 gene expression. The @entity6181 gene expression was significantly associated with lymph node @entity3 , and stage. The overall survival rate for @entity1 with a high level of @entity6181 gene expression with @entity5 was significantly worse than for those individuals whose @entity5 had low @entity6181 expression. Furthermore, @entity6181 expression was significantly related to survival by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that @entity14243 -R may contribute to @entity5 progression and @entity6181 gene expression can serve as a useful prognostic marker in @entity1149 .

title: XXXX -receptor gene expression in @entity2 .

answer: @entity14243 :: (2821,Gene) :: ['Autocrine motility factor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This article describes a case series outlining the experience and results of the retroperitoneal minimally invasive @entity788 (MIPN) procedure performed by, or done under the supervision of, a single surgeon. METHODS: All data of the @entity1 who underwent MIPN from 2006 to 2008 were entered into a prospectively maintained, computerized database. RESULTS: A total of 93 MIPN procedures were performed on 32 @entity1 . All @entity1 had severe acute @entity788 . The median number of MIPN procedures per @entity1 was 3. Only 6 @entity1 needed intensive care unit (ICU) admission after MIPN. There were 15 complications, which included @entity548 requiring transfusion (n = 3), bowel fistulae (n = 7), @entity1031 events (n = 2) and acute @entity583 (n = 3). Four @entity1 died after the procedure (13%); 1 died of @entity177 in spite of the MIPN. Four @entity1 developed @entity9007 within the follow-up period of 2 years. Three of these @entity1 required intervention. CONCLUSION: This case series demonstrates that MIPN can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality and with good end results. The ICU dependency after the procedure is minimal. As seen in this series, multiple MIPNs may be needed to eradicate the @entity39 satisfactorily. and IAP.

title: Minimally invasive retroperitoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosectomy', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic necrosectomy']


abstract: Replication-competent adenovirus type 5 ( @entity11650 ) vectors promise to be more efficient gene delivery vehicles than their replication-deficient counterparts, and chimeric @entity11650 vectors that are capable of targeting @entity806 are more effective than @entity11650 vectors with native fibers. Although several strategies have been used to improve gene transduction and oncolysis, either by modifying their tropism or enhancing their replication capacity, some @entity5 cells are still relatively refractory to infection by chimeric @entity11650 . The oncolytic effects of the vectors are apparent in certain @entity5 but not in others. Here, we report the biological and oncolytic profiles of a replication-competent adenovirus 11p vector (RCAd11pGFP) in @entity694 cells. @entity806 was abundantly expressed in all cells studied; however, the transduction efficiency of RCAd11pGFP varied. RCAd11pGFP efficiently transduced HT-29, HCT-8, and LS174T cells, but it transduced T84 cells, derived from a @entity694 metastasis in the lung, less efficiently. Interestingly, RCAd11p replicated more rapidly in the T84 cells than in HCT-8 and LS174T cells and as rapidly as in HT-29 cells. Cell @entity137 and proliferation assays indicated that RCAd11pGFP had the highest cell-killing activities in HT29 and T84 cells, the latter of which also expressed the highest levels of glycoproteins of the @entity189 embryonic antigen (CEA) family. In vivo experiments showed significant growth inhibition of T84 and HT-29 @entity5 in xenograft @entity19 treated with either RCAd11pGFP or Ad11pwt compared to untreated controls. Thus, RCAd11pGFP has a potent cytotoxic effect on @entity694 cells.

title: Transduction and oncolytic profile of a potent replication-competent adenovirus 11p vector (RCAd11pGFP) in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to prospectively assess outcome and cost for poor-grade @entity510 @entity1 presenting to a regional neurosurgical center (Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK) between 1994 and 2001. Outcome measures were clinical outcome at 6 months, number needed to treat (NNT) for favorable outcomes, and cost analysis. METHODS: Poor-grade @entity1 (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades 4 and 5) were transferred to the neurocritical care unit after intubation and ventilation. After resuscitation and drainage of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid for 24 hours, sedation was stopped, and @entity1 were assessed clinically. @entity1 with a Glasgow Motor Score (GMS) > or =4 underwent angiography and surgical treatment of culprit @entity439 . @entity1 with a subsequent GMS of 6 were not deemed poor grade and were discounted from the study. RESULTS: We deemed 166 ventilated @entity1 genuinely poor grade (mean age, 53.4 years; 94 @entity1 [56.6%]). Of these, 88 @entity1 (4<GMS<6; 53%) progressed to angiography and possible definitive treatment. Seventy-five @entity1 had an identifiable @entity439 , but only 64 survived for treatment. Operative mortality was 31.3%, and of the 44 survivors, 22 (34.4% of operated @entity1 ) achieved a favorable outcome. Favorable outcomes were more frequently seen in @entity1 than @entity1 (21.3% versus 6.9%) but were unrelated to @entity1 age. The NNT for 1 favorable outcome was 7 (male NNT, 15; female NNT, 5) at a cost of pound 84 336 per favorable outcome (female, pound 60 240; male, pound 180 720). CONCLUSIONS: Poor-grade @entity510 is associated with a high mortality but a significant subset of @entity1 can achieve favorable outcomes.

title: Cost-effective outcome for treating poor-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity29 are an ideal indication for the laparoscopic surgical approach as they are basically benign diseases not requiring lymphadenectomy and extended mesenteric excision; well-established surgical procedures are available for the conventional approach. Inflammatory alterations and fragility of the bowel and mesentery, however, may demand a high level of laparoscopic experience. A broad spectrum of operations from the rather easy @entity30 ( @entity30 ) to restorative proctocolectomies for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) may be managed laparoscopically. The current evidence base for the use of laparoscopic techniques in the surgical therapy of @entity29 is presented. @entity30 limited to the terminal ileum has become a common indication for laparoscopic surgical therapy. In severe anal @entity30 , laparoscopic stoma formation is a standard procedure with low morbidity and short operative time. Studies comparing conventional and laparoscopic bowel resections, have found shorter times to first @entity86 and shorter hospital stays as well as lower complication rates in favour of the laparoscopic approach. Even complicated cases with previous surgery, abscess formation and enteric @entity292 may be operated on laparoscopically with a low morbidity. In @entity31 , restorative proctocolectomy is the standard procedure in elective surgery. The demanding laparoscopic approach is increasingly used, however, mainly in major centers; its feasibility has been proven in various studies. An increased body mass index and acute @entity32 of the bowel may be relative contraindications. Short and long-term outcomes like quality of life seem to be equivalent for open and laparoscopic surgery. Multiple studies have proven that the laparoscopic approach to @entity30 and @entity31 is a safe and successful alternative for selected @entity1 . The appropriate selection criteria are still under investigation. Technical considerations are playing an important role for the @entity66 .

title: Recent results of laparoscopic surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of both diseases']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'Inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "enterostomy formation for anal Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence and prevalence of treated @entity454 ( @entity740 ) @entity1 continue to grow throughout the world. Renal transplantation remains the preferred form of renal substitutive therapy, but given the limited number of donors, dialytic therapies are the most common modalities. OBJECTIVES: To assess a registry of @entity1 admitted for renal substitutive therapy at a single centre from 1984 to 2009. METHODS: This is a retrospective epidemiological study. The following were analyzed: demographic and clinical characteristics; incidence of @entity740 ; underlying @entity8 ; dialysis modalities; mortality; and causes of @entity204 . The variables were compared by using the chi-square test, Student t test, ANOVA, and Tukey test. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate @entity1 's survival. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In the period studied, 878 @entity1 were admitted to dialysis. Their mean age was 47.0    16.2 years, 549 (62.5%) were males, and 712 (81.1%) were white. The major cause of @entity740 was @entity101 in 351 (40.0%) @entity1 , @entity2316 in 174 (19.8%), and chronic @entity631 in 180 (20.5%) @entity1 . The main dialytic modality was hemodialysis. The one-year mortality rate was 10.4%. The most common cause of @entity204 was cardiovascular, affecting 126 (34.6%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The cohort of @entity1 studied had a low mortality rate. @entity65 remains the most common cause of @entity454 . Screening for @entity65 is highly recommended for those @entity1 .

title: [Epidemiological study of XXXX in western Paran  . An experience of 878 cases in 25 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['death in end-stage chronic kidney disease', 'end-stage chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of an ethanolic extract of @entity73014 Linn. in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The elevated plus maze test (EPMT), light and dark test (L and DT) and open field test (OFT) were used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the ethanolic extract of @entity73014 Linn. in @entity19 . In addition, aggressive @entity146 was also assessed by @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and rota rod test (RRT). @entity3175 1 mg/kg served as a standard anxiolytic drug, administered orally. RESULTS: The ethanolic extract of @entity73014 (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the percentage of time spent and number of entries in open arm in EPMT. In L and DT, the extract produced significant increase in time spent, number of crossing and decrease in the duration of immobility in light box. In OFT, the extract showed significant increase in number of rearings, assisted rearings and number of square crossed, all of which are demonstrations of exploratory behavior. In @entity146 , @entity73014 extract attenuated @entity146 related to anxiolytic activity, such as number of vocalization, leaps, rearing, biting/attacks and facing each other in paired @entity19 . Furthermore, the extract produced skeletal muscle relaxant effect assessed by RRT. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that an ethanolic extract of @entity73014 may possess anxiolytic activity and provide a scientific evidence for its traditional claim.

title: Anxiolytic activity of XXXX Linn. in @entity19 as experimental models of anxiety.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'FSIAT', 'behavior and motor coordination', 'foot shock induced aggression test']

entities_list: @entity73014 :: ('34301', 'Species') :: ['Nymphaea alba', 'N. alba']

answer: @entity73014 :: (34301,Species) :: ['Nymphaea alba']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of an ethanolic extract of @entity73014 Linn. in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The elevated plus maze test (EPMT), light and dark test (L and DT) and open field test (OFT) were used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the ethanolic extract of @entity73014 Linn. in @entity19 . In addition, aggressive @entity146 was also assessed by @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and rota rod test (RRT). @entity3175 1 mg/kg served as a standard anxiolytic drug, administered orally. RESULTS: The ethanolic extract of @entity73014 (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the percentage of time spent and number of entries in open arm in EPMT. In L and DT, the extract produced significant increase in time spent, number of crossing and decrease in the duration of immobility in light box. In OFT, the extract showed significant increase in number of rearings, assisted rearings and number of square crossed, all of which are demonstrations of exploratory behavior. In @entity146 , @entity73014 extract attenuated @entity146 related to anxiolytic activity, such as number of vocalization, leaps, rearing, biting/attacks and facing each other in paired @entity19 . Furthermore, the extract produced skeletal muscle relaxant effect assessed by RRT. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that an ethanolic extract of @entity73014 may possess anxiolytic activity and provide a scientific evidence for its traditional claim.

title: Anxiolytic activity of @entity73014 Linn. in XXXX as experimental models of anxiety.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']