abstract: OBJECTIVES: The 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity158 , @entity2146 , and @entity933 in adult @entity1 in the ICU suggest that @entity158 be routinely assessed using a validated @entity158 assessment tool. Currently available tools have only been evaluated in nondelirious @entity3124 @entity1 , yet @entity933 can affect as many as 80% of ICU @entity1 . The validated @entity158 assessment tool adopted by our institution is the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and the objective of this study was to investigate the validity of this tool in @entity1 with evidence of @entity933 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two ICUs within a Canadian tertiary healthcare center. @entity1 : Forty consecutive adult @entity1 deemed delirious on the day of enrollment using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serial Critical Care Pain Observation Tool assessments were conducted simultaneously by study personnel and objective nurses at baseline and after nonpainful and @entity158 stimuli. Subjective opinions about @entity158 and objective physical variables (including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and @entity26 saturation) were collected at the same time points. Discriminant validity was described using paired t tests, whereas internal consistency was described using the Cronbach a statistic. Responsiveness of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool was measured by effect size, and reliability was described as the agreement between raters. Comparisons between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the subjective assessments and objective measurements were based on positive and negative percent agreement. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool demonstrated excellent discriminant validity as evidenced by a highly statistically and clinically significant change in mean Critical Care Pain Observation Tool scores between baseline and @entity158 procedures (mean difference, 3.13        1.56; p < 0.001; Cohen D, 2.0). Interrater agreement was also excellent (k > 0.6), and scores between raters were highly correlated (r = 0.957). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool possessed a high level of internal consistency (overall Cronbach a, 0.778). Percent agreement was found to be greater between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the nurse's subjective opinion of the presence or absence of @entity158 when compared with that between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic variables (80.5% vs 67.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a valid @entity158 assessment tool in noncomatose, delirious adult ICU @entity1 who are unable to reliably self-report the presence or absence of @entity158 .

title: Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in @entity3124 @entity1 With XXXX : A Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['Delirium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity158 , @entity2146 , and @entity933 in adult @entity1 in the ICU suggest that @entity158 be routinely assessed using a validated @entity158 assessment tool. Currently available tools have only been evaluated in nondelirious @entity3124 @entity1 , yet @entity933 can affect as many as 80% of ICU @entity1 . The validated @entity158 assessment tool adopted by our institution is the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and the objective of this study was to investigate the validity of this tool in @entity1 with evidence of @entity933 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two ICUs within a Canadian tertiary healthcare center. @entity1 : Forty consecutive adult @entity1 deemed delirious on the day of enrollment using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serial Critical Care Pain Observation Tool assessments were conducted simultaneously by study personnel and objective nurses at baseline and after nonpainful and @entity158 stimuli. Subjective opinions about @entity158 and objective physical variables (including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and @entity26 saturation) were collected at the same time points. Discriminant validity was described using paired t tests, whereas internal consistency was described using the Cronbach a statistic. Responsiveness of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool was measured by effect size, and reliability was described as the agreement between raters. Comparisons between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the subjective assessments and objective measurements were based on positive and negative percent agreement. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool demonstrated excellent discriminant validity as evidenced by a highly statistically and clinically significant change in mean Critical Care Pain Observation Tool scores between baseline and @entity158 procedures (mean difference, 3.13        1.56; p < 0.001; Cohen D, 2.0). Interrater agreement was also excellent (k > 0.6), and scores between raters were highly correlated (r = 0.957). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool possessed a high level of internal consistency (overall Cronbach a, 0.778). Percent agreement was found to be greater between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the nurse's subjective opinion of the presence or absence of @entity158 when compared with that between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic variables (80.5% vs 67.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a valid @entity158 assessment tool in noncomatose, delirious adult ICU @entity1 who are unable to reliably self-report the presence or absence of @entity158 .

title: Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in @entity3124 XXXX With @entity933 : A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To comprehend the clinical characteristics and treatment of @entity2783 . METHODS: The clinical data of 71 @entity1 with @entity2783 , admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from February 1982 to February 2002, were analyzed. RESULTS: 57 of the 71 cases were @entity1582 . Among the 57 cases, 33 were @entity1582 , 22 @entity1582 and 2 @entity14755 .The remaining 14 cases were @entity2783 .82% of the @entity1 with @entity1582 showed abnormalities in Doppler echocardiography. The positive rate of biopsy of subcutaneous fat and gingiva was 80.0% and 87.5% respectively. The treatment of @entity1582 was chemotherapy, and that of @entity2783 was observation or localized excision. 15 @entity1582 @entity1 died during hospitalization, mainly due to @entity712 . CONCLUSION: As treatment and prognosis are different between local and @entity1582 , the distinction between them is very important. Biopsy of abdominal fat and gingival is a useful and safe procedure to identify @entity1 with @entity262 . Doppler echocardiography examination is also helpful for the diagnosis.

title: [A clinical analysis of 71 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['localized amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['primary systemic amyloidosis', 'systemic amyloidosis', 'secondary systemic amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity7125 ( @entity7125 ) is commonly evaluated in medico-legal practice. With the aim of knowing the determining factors of @entity7125 's medico-legal prognosis, a prospective and observational study was carried out. @entity1 AND METHOD: One hundred and twenty consecutive @entity1 who were clinically observed and evaluated in the Medico-Legal Clinic of Barcelona were studied. Socio-demographic, clinical, radiographic and evolutive factors were analyzed. RESULTS: We included 120 @entity1 with a mean age of 35.6 (14) years (range, 4-74), with a homogeneous male/female distribution. An earlier cervical pathology was detected in 10% of @entity1 ; none of them had previous @entity146 pathology. 95% corresponded to road-traffic accident cases and there were 5 aggression cases. Over 50% of cases involved @entity454 . All @entity1 had @entity4048 , almost 25% had @entity10 and 13% had @entity809 . According to the Whiplash Association Disorders clinical classification, distribution in grades (G) was: G I 51%, G II 32% and G III 17%. @entity1 reported recovery within a mean time of 71.6 (46) days (range, 4-244), with 51,2 (45) no working days (range, 0-180 days). The 52% of the @entity1 rest with complains. According to the recovery time, the following medico-legal prognostic factors were identified: age (p < 0.001), being female (p = 0.001), clinical grade (p < 0.001) and abnormal cervical MRI exploration (p < 0.001). @entity1 with previous cervical pathology reported more complaints (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, @entity7125 affected young @entity1 of both sex mainly during rear-end collision. Worst medico-legal prognostic factors were age, being females, severity of initial clinical symptoms, previous cervical pathology and abnormal cervical MRI/CT.

title: [Relevant factors in medico-legal prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['Whiplash injury', 'WI']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['a rear-end collision']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injury']


abstract: Expression of the pyrBI operon of @entity2624 , which encodes the subunits of the @entity7391 biosynthetic enzyme @entity492 transcarbamylase, is negatively regulated by the intracellular levels of @entity856 . Previous experiments suggested a unique model for regulation of operon expression in which low @entity856 levels cause close coupling of transcription and translation of the pyrBI leader region. This close coupling suppresses transcriptional termination at an attenuator preceding the structural genes. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of translation and attenuation in operon expression. To determine whether the leader region is translated, we constructed a plasmid, designated pBHM17, in which the pyrBI promoter(s) and the first 11 codons for a putative 44- @entity535 leader polypeptide are fused to codon 9 of lacZ. A transformant carrying this plasmid synthesized a beta-galactosidase fusion protein with the @entity1472 -terminal sequence of the leader polypeptide, demonstrating that the signals required for leader polypeptide synthesis function in vivo. Synthesis of the fusion protein was nearly insensitive to @entity7391 availability. In @entity5537 -grown cells, the level of fusion protein synthesis encoded by plasmid pBHM17 was much greater than that encoded by a similar plasmid containing a pyrB::lacZ gene fusion, in which the pyrBI promoter-regulatory region is intact. These results indicate that the downstream leader sequence which includes the attenuator is required for regulation and functions as a transcriptional barrier. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to change the ATG leader polypeptide initiation codon of the intact pyrBI operon to ACG, which was shown to strongly inhibit translational initiation. This mutation greatly reduced operon expression and regulation as predicted by the attenuation control model.

title: Role of translation and attenuation in the control of pyrBI operon expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K-12']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity2624 :: (83333,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli K-12']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity6 care directed by nurses following detailed protocols and algorithms and supervised by a diabetologist results in meeting the evidence-based American @entity6 Association (ADA) process and outcome measures more often than care directed under usual care in a minority population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Studies were mainly conducted in two Los Angeles County clinics. In clinic A, nurse-directed @entity6 care was provided to 252 @entity1 (92% Hispanic and 2% African-American) referred by their primary care providers. These @entity1 were hierarchically matched with 252 @entity6 @entity1 in clinic B (79% Hispanic and 19% African American). When nurse-directed care was abruptly discontinued in clinic A for administrative reasons, it was reestablished in clinic B. Those @entity1 were randomly selected from a teaching clinic, and the outcomes in 114 @entity1 who completed 1 year were compared with outcomes derived the year before receiving nurses' care. The following process and outcome measures were assessed in the study: 1) number of visits, 2) @entity6 education, 3) nutritional counseling, 4) HbA(1c), 5) lipid profiles, 6) eye exams, 7) foot exams, 8) renal evaluations, and 9) ACE inhibitor therapy in appropriate @entity1 . RESULTS: For @entity1 under nurse-directed @entity6 care in both clinics A and B, almost all process measures were carried out significantly more frequently than for the appropriate control @entity1 . Under the care of nurses in clinic A, HbA(1c) levels fell 3.5% from 13.3 to 9.8% in the 120 @entity1 who were followed for at least 6 months, as compared with a 1.5% fall from 12.3 to 10.8% under usual (physician-directed) care in clinic B. During the year before enrolling in nurse-directed care in clinic B, mean HbA(1c) levels decreased from 10.0 to 8.5%. At the end of a year under the nurses' care, the values fell further to 7.1%. The median value fell from 8.3 to 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Specially trained nurses who follow detailed protocols and algorithms under the supervision of a diabetologist can markedly improve @entity6 outcomes in a minority population. This approach could help blunt the increased morbidity and mortality noted in minority populations.

title: Effect of nurse-directed XXXX care in a minority population.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity42652 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity413 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity42652 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity42652 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity1 treated with diet and a @entity4136 and/or @entity2449 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity42652 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity42652 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity9208 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity42652 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity42652 @entity1 versus 4% of placebo @entity1 , confirming @entity42652 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity1 treated with @entity42652 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity42652 is a promising therapeutic for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity1 not currently achieving optimal @entity413 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity2449 and/or XXXX treatment in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity4136 :: (CHEBI:26831,Chemical) :: ['sulfonylurea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity42652 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity413 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity42652 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity42652 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity1 treated with diet and a @entity4136 and/or @entity2449 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity42652 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity42652 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity9208 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity42652 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity42652 @entity1 versus 4% of placebo @entity1 , confirming @entity42652 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity1 treated with @entity42652 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity42652 is a promising therapeutic for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity1 not currently achieving optimal @entity413 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity2449 and/or @entity4136 treatment in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity42652 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity413 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity42652 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity42652 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity1 treated with diet and a @entity4136 and/or @entity2449 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity42652 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity42652 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity9208 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity42652 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity42652 @entity1 versus 4% of placebo @entity1 , confirming @entity42652 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity1 treated with @entity42652 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity42652 is a promising therapeutic for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity1 not currently achieving optimal @entity413 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity2449 and/or @entity4136 treatment in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity42652 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity413 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity42652 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity42652 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity1 treated with diet and a @entity4136 and/or @entity2449 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity42652 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity42652 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity9208 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity42652 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity42652 @entity1 versus 4% of placebo @entity1 , confirming @entity42652 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity1 treated with @entity42652 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity42652 is a promising therapeutic for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity1 not currently achieving optimal @entity413 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing XXXX and/or @entity4136 treatment in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity42652 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity413 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity42652 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity42652 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity1 treated with diet and a @entity4136 and/or @entity2449 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity42652 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity42652 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity9208 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity42652 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity42652 @entity1 versus 4% of placebo @entity1 , confirming @entity42652 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity1 treated with @entity42652 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity42652 is a promising therapeutic for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity1 not currently achieving optimal @entity413 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity2449 and/or @entity4136 treatment in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Single-step selections were used to obtain @entity3569 ovary cell lines resistant to Colcemid and @entity5713 . @entity1855 was included in the selections to circumvent the isolation of cells with P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance and thereby enrich for cells with tubulin alterations. The isolated cell lines were 2-fold resistant to the selecting drug, exhibited cross-resistance to other drugs that inhibit microtubule assembly, and had enhanced sensitivity to the microtubule-stabilizing drug @entity1311 . The concomitant resistance to microtubule-destabilizing drugs and enhanced sensitivity to @entity1311 suggested that these cell lines have changes in microtubule assembly. Consistent with this interpretation, drug-resistant cell lines exhibited altered alpha- or beta-tubulin mobility on two-dimensional gels and higher levels (47-54%) of assembled tubulin compared with wild-type (39%) or @entity1311 -resistant cells (25%). Some drug-resistant cells also had bundled microtubules as judged by immunofluorescence. Genomic sequencing of 11 drug-resistant cell lines predicted five different alterations ( @entity72719 , @entity72720 , @entity72721 , @entity72722 , and @entity72723 ) in beta-tubulin and four different alterations ( @entity72724 , @entity72725 , @entity72726 , and @entity16200 ) in alpha-tubulin. The @entity535 substitutions are dispersed on the primary and tertiary structures of tubulin and, together with the other mutant properties, argue against a mechanism involving changes in drug binding. Rather, we propose that the alterations in alpha- and beta-tubulin increase microtubule stability by promoting longitudinal interdimer and intradimer interactions and/or lateral interactions between protofilaments. This enhanced stability of microtubules increases their resistance to drugs that inhibit assembly.

title: Mutations in alpha- and beta-tubulin that stabilize microtubules and confer resistance to colcemid and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity72719 :: ('p|SUB|D|45|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D45Y']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity72725 :: ('p|SUB|E|55|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E55K']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: The study indicates that nurses can affect stress and drug use in addicted @entity1 . At the 8-week posttest, daily drug cost and daily @entity4521 costs had gone down for the experimental group. However, at the 6-month posttest, daily drug cost and daily @entity4521 cost for the experimental group increased, although it did not reach its initial pre-intervention levels. The increase in drug costs at 6-month followup is probably a result of the lack of nursing intervention after the 8-week period. Interestingly, both the drug costs and @entity4521 costs of the control group went down at 6 months. In other words, the control group decreased use also, only at a slower pace. What accounted for this decrease in use by the control group at 6 months? Several speculations are offered. The single Personalized Nursing Intervention counseling in the ER may have had an impact on the client. Controls who had had the single intervention in the ER were receptive to followup and were easily found. (Originally the single intervention in the ER was not part of the design. However, about 20 clients who had not had Personalized Nursing Intervention in the ER but who just answered the initial questionnaire were never found for followup. Because of the followup and ethical considerations, project staff members instituted the single ER intervention.) Another speculation is that of "burnout," a phenomenon that can be seen in both experimental and control groups. The mean age of the total population was 28.5, number of times arrested was 7.25, and age at first drug use was 16. It appeared that the following factors evoked a desire for change in these @entity1 : 1) leading a drug lifestyle for so many years, 2) the approach of age 30, 3) entrance into adolescence of their own @entity1 , and 4) the ER episode. Personalized Nursing Intervention could be considered a catalyst toward lifestyle change. Examination of daily drug cost and the Ireton emotional distress score showed trends indicating that the experimentals with network participation made larger gains than the control group or experimentals without networks. Further study on the use of client networks in treatment is indicated.

title: Personalized nursing: an effective intervention model for use with drug-dependent XXXX in an emergency room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In 35 pancreatectomized @entity235 , the donor pancreatic tail was transplanted by end-to-side anastomoses between the portal vein and the celiac axis to the femoral vessels of the host. To influence the exocrine pancreas secretion of the graft we applied different methods of drainage of the pancreatic duct: open drainage to the abdominal cavity (Group I, n = 15), occlusion of the duct by @entity5758 (Group II, n = 12) and by Ethibloc (Group III, n = 8). Main complications were rejection crisis and @entity788 . Segmental pancreas allografts were rejected in group I within about 34 days, in group II within about 11 days, in group III within about 13 days. The fasting blood @entity413 levels in all 3 groups returned to normal 2 days after transplantation. Better results were achieved in the open-duct and Ethibloc-occluded grafts. 3 weeks after transplantation, a delayed and diminished increase of insulin concentration after @entity413 stimulation was observed compared to the @entity235 of the control group. Peak insulin values were significantly higher (p 0.01) in group I compared to group II. Histologically acinar atrophy with replacement by fibrous tissue occurred in all groups after 2 weeks. The least severe histological changes were observed in group II. The best results were achieved by the open-duct technique, whereas the occlusion groups showed a high rate of early complications like rejection, @entity49 and @entity788 .

title: [Allogeneic segmental heterotopic pancreas transplantation in the XXXX with reference to various drainage technics].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5758 :: ('MESH:D009387', 'Chemical') :: ['Neoprene']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), while rare, accounts for an important fraction of unexpected deaths in @entity1 >1  year of age. Previously we reported an association between @entity410 , hippocampal maldevelopment, and sudden, unexpected deaths in young @entity1 (1-6  years), termed "hippocampal maldevelopment associated with @entity944 (HMASD)." Here, we characterize in greater detail the hippocampal pathology in a large cohort of cases (n  =  42) of this entity, and attempt to define possible new entities responsible for sudden, unexplained death in young @entity1 without HMASD/ @entity410 phenotypes. METHODS: We performed comparative analysis on cases, which we classified in a cohort of 89 sudden and unexpected deaths as HMASD, explained deaths, SUDC with @entity410 phenotype (SUDC-FS) but without hippocampal pathology, and SUDC (without hippocampal pathology or @entity410 phenotype). RESULTS: The frequency of each subgroup was: HMASD 48  % (40/83); SUDC 27  % (22/83); SUDC-FS 18  % (15/83); explained 7  % (6/83). HMASD was characterized clinically by sudden, sleep-related death, term birth, and discovery in the prone position. Key morphologic features of HMASD were focal granule cell bilamination of the dentate gyrus with or without asymmetry and/or malrotation of the hippocampus, associated with significantly increased frequencies of 11 other @entity851 . We identified no other distinct phenotype in the unexplained categories, except for an association of @entity410 without hippocampal maldevelopment. CONCLUSIONS: HMASD is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by a likely developmental failure of neuronal migration in the dentate gyrus. Future research is needed to determine the causal role of HMASD in @entity944 in early childhood.

title: Hippocampal malformation associated with XXXX in early childhood: a neuropathologic study : Part 2 of the investigations of The San Diego SUDC Research Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['febrile seizure', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: Fibronectin/integrin-mediated signaling plays a key role in the regulation of adhesion, migration and metastasis of @entity5 . Numerous studies have addressed the significance of the association between integrin and @entity3547 , but the exact mechanism is unclear. Results from laboratories, including ours, have demonstrated that PKA inhibits the activity and function of @entity3547 . This study was designed to investigate the relationships among the fibronectin/integrin-, @entity268 /PKA- and @entity3547 -mediated intracellular signal transduction pathways. Rho activity was detected by pull-down assay. @entity268 concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The distribution of the PKA catalytic subunit and the phosphorylation of @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ) were detected by fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting, respectively, to examine the activation of PKA. @entity268 -mediated gene expression activity was analyzed using a luciferase reporter gene assay. The results revealed that, in SGC-7901 cells, soluble fibronectin increased @entity3547 activity and blocked the inhibition of @entity3547 activity by @entity268 /PKA. The @entity268 level, which was increased by @entity1928 and pertussis toxin, was decreased by fibronectin. The nuclear location of the PKA catalytic unit, the phosphorylation of @entity19319 and @entity268 response element (CRE)-directed reporter gene expression induced by @entity1928 were blocked by fibronectin. However, fibronectin did not block @entity19319 phosphorylation or CRE-directed reporter gene expression induced by @entity268 . These data suggest that fibronectin/integrin induces @entity3547 activation through the inhibition of @entity268 /PKA signal transduction. The possible point of action of fibronectin/integrin is adenylate cyclase.

title: Fibronectin increases XXXX activity through inhibition of PKA in the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity19319 :: ('7408', 'Gene') :: ['VASP', 'vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity3547 :: (387,Gene) :: ['RhoA']


abstract: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy in @entity239 management. Fifty @entity1 with @entity239 under pharmacological treatment were randomly assigned to either the balneotherapy (25) or the control (25) group. Four @entity1 from the balneotherapy group and one @entity1 from the control group left the study after randomization. The @entity1 in the balneotherapy group (21) had 2 thermomineral water baths daily for 2 weeks in Tuzla Spa Center. The @entity1 in the control group (24) continued to have their medical treatment and routine daily life. An investigator who was blinded to the study arms assessed the @entity1 . All @entity1 were assessed four times; at the beginning of the study, at the end of the 2nd week, the 1st month, and the 3rd month after balneotherapy. Outcome measures of the study were @entity158 intensity, @entity239 Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI), @entity1 's global assessment, investigator's global assessment, SF-36 scores, and tender point count. Balneotherapy was found to be superior at the end of the cure period in terms of @entity158 intensity, FIQ, Beck @entity308 Inventory, @entity1 's global assessment, investigator's global assessment scores, and tender point count as compared to the control group. The superiority of balneotherapy lasted up to the end of the 3rd month, except for the Beck @entity308 Inventory score and the investigator's global assessment score. Significant improvements were observed in PF, GH, and @entity8176 subscales of SF-36 during the study period in the balneotherapy group; however, no such improvement was observed in the control group. Balneotherapy was superior only in VT subscale at the end of therapy and at the end of the third month after the therapy as compared to the controls. It was concluded that balneotherapy provides beneficial effects in @entity1 with @entity239 .

title: Balneotherapy in XXXX : a single blind randomized controlled clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes of @entity6 laser treatment at a large Australian ophthalmic hospital. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of all @entity1 who had initial laser treatment for @entity6 at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from January 1997 to December 1998. RESULTS: The study included 322 eyes from 203 @entity1 . The mean age was 65.8 years (range 18-89) and the mean follow up was 18 months (range 2-33). Focal photocoagulation treatment alone was performed in 238 eyes. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) resolved in 218 (91.6%) eyes. Vision was improved or maintained in 137 (57.6%) eyes. Moderate @entity227 occurred in 49 (20.6%) eyes. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) was performed in 84 eyes, including 37 eyes with PRP alone and 47 eyes with PRP and focal together. Neovascularization regressed in 55 (65.5%) eyes. Vision was improved or maintained in 52 (61.9%) eyes. Moderate @entity227 was observed in 20 (23.8%) eyes and severe @entity227 was observed in 4 (4.8%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcomes reported here are similar to those reported in other studies.

title: Clinical outcomes following laser photocoagulation treatment for XXXX at a large Australian ophthalmic hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Clinically significant macular oedema', 'CSME']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance, @entity308 , and @entity25 are among the most prevalent symptoms reported by @entity1 during pregnancy. However, available data on the association between @entity25 and symptoms of @entity308 and @entity25 in pregnant @entity1 are sparse and methodological limitations have been acknowledged. The purpose of the study was to examine objective and self-reported @entity25 and symptoms of @entity308 and @entity25 in a group of healthy pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 274 third-trimester pregnant @entity1 wore a wrist actigraph continuously for 7 days to assess objective sleep quality and quantity. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with self-reported poor sleep quality defined as a PSQI score more than 5. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate symptoms of @entity308 and @entity25 , respectively. RESULTS: Sixty-four (23.4%) @entity1 were at risk for clinical @entity308 and 69 (25.2%) had @entity25 . Risk of clinically meaningful depressive symptomatology was significantly increased in @entity1 with objective total nighttime sleep less than 6 hours (OR 2.53 [95% CI 1.26-5.08]) and self-reported poor sleep quality (OR 3.31 [95% CI 1.74-6.30]), even after multiple adjustment. Neither objective nor self-reported @entity25 increased @entity25 in this group of pregnant @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Both objective nighttime sleep less than 6 hours and self-reported poor sleep quality in healthy third-trimester pregnant @entity1 is associated with significant risks for clinical @entity308 . Improving sleep would likely be associated with a reduction in @entity308 symptom severity and an attenuation of the prevalence of @entity308 in pregnant @entity1 .

title: Sleep Disturbances and Symptoms of XXXX and Daytime Sleepiness in Pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance, @entity308 , and @entity25 are among the most prevalent symptoms reported by @entity1 during pregnancy. However, available data on the association between @entity25 and symptoms of @entity308 and @entity25 in pregnant @entity1 are sparse and methodological limitations have been acknowledged. The purpose of the study was to examine objective and self-reported @entity25 and symptoms of @entity308 and @entity25 in a group of healthy pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 274 third-trimester pregnant @entity1 wore a wrist actigraph continuously for 7 days to assess objective sleep quality and quantity. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with self-reported poor sleep quality defined as a PSQI score more than 5. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate symptoms of @entity308 and @entity25 , respectively. RESULTS: Sixty-four (23.4%) @entity1 were at risk for clinical @entity308 and 69 (25.2%) had @entity25 . Risk of clinically meaningful depressive symptomatology was significantly increased in @entity1 with objective total nighttime sleep less than 6 hours (OR 2.53 [95% CI 1.26-5.08]) and self-reported poor sleep quality (OR 3.31 [95% CI 1.74-6.30]), even after multiple adjustment. Neither objective nor self-reported @entity25 increased @entity25 in this group of pregnant @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Both objective nighttime sleep less than 6 hours and self-reported poor sleep quality in healthy third-trimester pregnant @entity1 is associated with significant risks for clinical @entity308 . Improving sleep would likely be associated with a reduction in @entity308 symptom severity and an attenuation of the prevalence of @entity308 in pregnant @entity1 .

title: Sleep Disturbances and Symptoms of @entity308 and Daytime Sleepiness in Pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity86 is a potentially devastating complication after @entity2445 and TKA. In the early postoperative period, clinicians often find nonspecific indicators of @entity281 . Although @entity491 may be a sign of a developing @entity281 in the early postoperative period, it may also be part of a normal surgical response. QUESTIONS AND PURPOSES: We determined (1) the natural history of white blood cell values after primary @entity2445 and TKA, (2) factors associated with early @entity86 , and (3) the predictive value of white blood cell count for early postoperative @entity281 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Using our institutional database, we identified all @entity2445 and TKA cases between January 2000 and December 2008. We determined the incidence of @entity491 and characterized the natural history of postoperative white blood cell counts. We then investigated potential indicators of @entity86 , including development of early @entity281 . RESULTS: The average postoperative white blood cell count increased to approximately 3   10(6) cells/ L over the first 2 postoperative days and then declined to a level slightly higher than the preoperative level by Postoperative Day 4. The incidence of @entity86 for all @entity1 was 38%. Factors associated with @entity86 included TKA, bilateral procedures, older age, and higher modified Charlson Comorbidity Index. The sensitivity and specificity of white blood cell count for diagnosing early @entity281 were 79% and 46%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 is common after @entity2445 and TKA and represents a normal physiologic response to surgery. In the absence of abnormal clinical signs and symptoms, @entity86 may not warrant further workup for @entity281 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX is common after total hip and knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic infection', 'periprosthetic joint infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative leukocytosis', 'postoperative leukocytosis', 'Postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity491 :: (MESH:D007964,Disease) :: ['Leukocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the @entity267 and corneal wound healing and to investigate the possible mechanism of corneal haze and myopic regression histopathologically. METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white @entity95 were allocated randomly to correct -4.00 and -8.00 diopters and were operated with PRK on right eyes and LASIK on left eyes. At 10 days and 1, 3, and 6 months, corneal haze was observed, refraction was evaluated, and 3 @entity95 were randomly selected for each time point to be enucleated, and corneas to be bisected. One half of each @entity267 was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, and the other half was evaluated using either light microscopy or immunohistochemical staining for collagen type III, IV, @entity11504 ( @entity11504 ) and @entity14100 ( @entity14100 ). RESULTS: Different degrees of corneal haze and myopic regression were observed after PRK: the higher the desired myopic correction, the heavier the haze. Corneal wound healing response was greater and lasted longer after PRK than after LASIK. Various pathological findings such as @entity2543 , basal membrane reforming and extracellular matrix deposits were found in the ablation zone and repair mechanisms were still active at 6 months after PRK. Whereas after LASIK, the interface between the flap and stromal bed was transparent except for growing epithelial plugs and lightly proliferating stroma coinciding with the flap margins. After both PRK and LASIK, all corneal cell types were consistently positive for @entity14100 antibody during the corneal wound healing time. @entity14100 antibody positivity decreased as the wound healing approached completion. The histopathological changes of corneal haze and myopic regression are as follows: @entity2543 , basal membrane immaturity, anterior stromal keratocyte increase and activity, new collagen III production and irregular arrangement thereof, and @entity11504 deposition in the extracellular matrix under the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with PRK, LASIK ensures refractive stability with quick wound healing and minimal tissue proliferation resulting in a more promising corneal refractive surgery to correct @entity1714 , especially more severe cases of @entity1714 . The corneal wound healing especially the stromal healing is the key to the cause of haze and myopic regression. @entity14100 may be involved in scar formation during wound healing by stimulating expression of collagen III and @entity11504 and is believed to be an important regulating factor.

title: [Comparison of corneal wound healing of photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11504 :: ('MESH:C536826', 'Disease') :: ['fibronectin', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity14100 :: ('100008645(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta(1)', 'transforming growth factor-beta(1)']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of @entity566 , Asthma _ Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of @entity566 , Asthma _ Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of @entity566 , Asthma and Immunology. The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Stinging insect @entity56 : a practice parameter update II." Because this document incorporated the efforts of many @entity1 , no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or the ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of @entity566 , Asthma and Immunology. This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all @entity1 . These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion. The Joint Task Force understands that the cost of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents is an important concern that may appropriately influence the work-up and treatment chosen for a given @entity1 . The Joint Task Force recognizes that the emphasis of our primary recommendations regarding a medication may vary, for example, depending on third party payer issues and product patent expiration dates. However, since a given test or agent's cost is so widely variable, and there is a paucity of pharmacoeconomic data, the Joint Task Force generally does not consider cost when formulating Practice Parameter recommendations. In extraordinary circumstances, when the cost benefit of an intervention is prohibitive as supported by pharmacoeconomic data, commentary may be provided.

title: Stinging insect XXXX : a practice parameter update 2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: Normalization of basal thyrotrophin (TSH) level is used as the endpoint in @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) therapy of @entity1375 . However, several reports have questioned the reliability of this index because of seasonal variation of TSH. Therefore, we studied 85 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1375 over a period of 3.5 y. In these @entity1 , TSH response (delta TSH) to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1218 ) administration was examined when basal TSH was normalized with @entity2016 therapy. Eight @entity1 showed a blunted response (delta TSH less than 5 microU), whereas 27 @entity1 demonstrated an exaggerated response (delta TSH greater than 25 microU). Thus, 42% of @entity1 were apparently on inappropriate @entity2016 dosage. These abnormal TSH responses normalized on adjusting the @entity2016 dosage alone; prolonged therapy with the same dose failed to normalize TSH responses. Minor seasonal variations of basal TSH were observed in 30% of @entity1 . However, TSH response to @entity1218 remained normal. Hence, no adjustment of @entity1955 dose was required. This study, therefore, demonstrates that normalization of TSH response to @entity1218 administration rather than basal TSH may be the best index of adequate @entity1955 therapy in @entity1375 .

title: Normal thyrotrophin response to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone administration: the best index of optimal XXXX therapy in @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['L-thyroxine']


abstract: Normalization of basal thyrotrophin (TSH) level is used as the endpoint in @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) therapy of @entity1375 . However, several reports have questioned the reliability of this index because of seasonal variation of TSH. Therefore, we studied 85 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1375 over a period of 3.5 y. In these @entity1 , TSH response (delta TSH) to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1218 ) administration was examined when basal TSH was normalized with @entity2016 therapy. Eight @entity1 showed a blunted response (delta TSH less than 5 microU), whereas 27 @entity1 demonstrated an exaggerated response (delta TSH greater than 25 microU). Thus, 42% of @entity1 were apparently on inappropriate @entity2016 dosage. These abnormal TSH responses normalized on adjusting the @entity2016 dosage alone; prolonged therapy with the same dose failed to normalize TSH responses. Minor seasonal variations of basal TSH were observed in 30% of @entity1 . However, TSH response to @entity1218 remained normal. Hence, no adjustment of @entity1955 dose was required. This study, therefore, demonstrates that normalization of TSH response to @entity1218 administration rather than basal TSH may be the best index of adequate @entity1955 therapy in @entity1375 .

title: Normal thyrotrophin response to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone administration: the best index of optimal @entity1955 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['primary hypothyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of age on @entity263 ( @entity263 ) outcome has been controversial; therefore, we analyzed the effect of age on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), distant @entity3 , prostate @entity5 (PCSD), and nonprostate @entity5 (NPCD) on @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 who participated in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III trials, 8531, 8610, 9202, and 9413, were studied. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for @entity1349 analysis, and cumulative events analysis with Fine and Gray's regression was used for analyses of @entity3 , PCSD, and NPCD. RESULTS: Median follow-up of 4,128 @entity1 with median age of 70 (range, 43-88 years) was 7.3 years. Most @entity1 had high-risk disease: @entity16178 to cT4 (54%) and Gleason scores (GS) of 7 (45%) and 8 to 10 (27%). Older age ( <=70 vs. >70 years) predicted for decreased @entity1349 (10-year rate, 55% vs. 41%, respectively; p<0.0001) and increased NPCD (10-year rate, 28% vs. 46%, respectively; p<0.0001) but decreased @entity3 (10-year rate, 27% vs. 20%, respectively; p<0.0001) and PCSD (10-year rate, 18% vs. 14%, respectively; p<0.0001). To account for competing risks, outcomes were analyzed in 2-year intervals, and age-dependent differences in @entity3 and PCSD persisted, even in the earliest time periods. When adjusted for other covariates, an age of >70 years remained associated with decreased @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-1.70] p<0.0001) but with decreased @entity3 (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.63-0.83] p<0.0001) and PCSD (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.92] p<0.0001). Finally, the impact of the duration of @entity342 deprivation therapy as a function of age was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These data support less aggressive @entity263 in older @entity1 , independent of other clinical features. While the biological underpinning of this finding remains unknown, stratification by age in future trials appears to be warranted.

title: Older age predicts decreased XXXX and prostate @entity5 for @entity1 treated with radiation therapy: meta-analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer-specific death']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of age on @entity263 ( @entity263 ) outcome has been controversial; therefore, we analyzed the effect of age on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), distant @entity3 , prostate @entity5 (PCSD), and nonprostate @entity5 (NPCD) on @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 who participated in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III trials, 8531, 8610, 9202, and 9413, were studied. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for @entity1349 analysis, and cumulative events analysis with Fine and Gray's regression was used for analyses of @entity3 , PCSD, and NPCD. RESULTS: Median follow-up of 4,128 @entity1 with median age of 70 (range, 43-88 years) was 7.3 years. Most @entity1 had high-risk disease: @entity16178 to cT4 (54%) and Gleason scores (GS) of 7 (45%) and 8 to 10 (27%). Older age ( <=70 vs. >70 years) predicted for decreased @entity1349 (10-year rate, 55% vs. 41%, respectively; p<0.0001) and increased NPCD (10-year rate, 28% vs. 46%, respectively; p<0.0001) but decreased @entity3 (10-year rate, 27% vs. 20%, respectively; p<0.0001) and PCSD (10-year rate, 18% vs. 14%, respectively; p<0.0001). To account for competing risks, outcomes were analyzed in 2-year intervals, and age-dependent differences in @entity3 and PCSD persisted, even in the earliest time periods. When adjusted for other covariates, an age of >70 years remained associated with decreased @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-1.70] p<0.0001) but with decreased @entity3 (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.63-0.83] p<0.0001) and PCSD (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.92] p<0.0001). Finally, the impact of the duration of @entity342 deprivation therapy as a function of age was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These data support less aggressive @entity263 in older @entity1 , independent of other clinical features. While the biological underpinning of this finding remains unknown, stratification by age in future trials appears to be warranted.

title: Older age predicts decreased @entity3 and prostate XXXX for @entity1 treated with radiation therapy: meta-analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trials.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-specific death']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of age on @entity263 ( @entity263 ) outcome has been controversial; therefore, we analyzed the effect of age on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), distant @entity3 , prostate @entity5 (PCSD), and nonprostate @entity5 (NPCD) on @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 who participated in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III trials, 8531, 8610, 9202, and 9413, were studied. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for @entity1349 analysis, and cumulative events analysis with Fine and Gray's regression was used for analyses of @entity3 , PCSD, and NPCD. RESULTS: Median follow-up of 4,128 @entity1 with median age of 70 (range, 43-88 years) was 7.3 years. Most @entity1 had high-risk disease: @entity16178 to cT4 (54%) and Gleason scores (GS) of 7 (45%) and 8 to 10 (27%). Older age ( <=70 vs. >70 years) predicted for decreased @entity1349 (10-year rate, 55% vs. 41%, respectively; p<0.0001) and increased NPCD (10-year rate, 28% vs. 46%, respectively; p<0.0001) but decreased @entity3 (10-year rate, 27% vs. 20%, respectively; p<0.0001) and PCSD (10-year rate, 18% vs. 14%, respectively; p<0.0001). To account for competing risks, outcomes were analyzed in 2-year intervals, and age-dependent differences in @entity3 and PCSD persisted, even in the earliest time periods. When adjusted for other covariates, an age of >70 years remained associated with decreased @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-1.70] p<0.0001) but with decreased @entity3 (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.63-0.83] p<0.0001) and PCSD (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.92] p<0.0001). Finally, the impact of the duration of @entity342 deprivation therapy as a function of age was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These data support less aggressive @entity263 in older @entity1 , independent of other clinical features. While the biological underpinning of this finding remains unknown, stratification by age in future trials appears to be warranted.

title: Older age predicts decreased @entity3 and prostate @entity5 for XXXX treated with radiation therapy: meta-analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trials.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Variants in the @entity986 @entity5 suppressor are associated with @entity321 ( @entity321 ), although for many variants the linkage is weak. The effects of missense variants on protein function and pathogenicity are often unclear. Multiple methods (e.g., laboratory, computational, epidemiological) have been developed to analyze whether a missense variant is pathogenic or not. It is not yet clear how to integrate these data types into a strategy for variant classification. We studied 51 @entity986 missense variants using a cell cycle arrest assay. There was a continuum of results ranging from full wild-type effect through partial activity to @entity1167 . A reproducible decrease of 30% of cell cycle arrest activity correlated with @entity321 association. We analyzed missense @entity986 germline variants using a Bayesian method to combine multiple data types and derive a probability of pathogenicity. When equal to or more than two data types could be evaluated with this method, 22 of 25 @entity321 -associated variants and 8 of 15 variants of uncertain significance were classified as likely pathogenic with >95% probability. The other 10 variants were classified as uncertain (probability 5-95%). For most variants, there were insufficient data to draw a conclusion. The Bayesian model appears to be a sound method of classifying missense variants in @entity5 susceptibility genes.

title: Classifying variants of XXXX using computational and laboratory studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity321 :: ('MESH:C562393', 'Disease') :: ['Familial Melanoma', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['complete loss of arrest']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['CDKN2A']


abstract: The changes were studied in the levels of @entity2661 and @entity3034 in the control system of reproduction cycle (hypothalamus, hypophysis) and in adrenal glands of @entity742 after all-body irradiation with 60Co at the total dose of 6.7 Gy for seven days. The power input per hour of irradiation source was 0.039 Gy. The @entity2661 ( @entity1063 , @entity935 and @entity1425 ) and @entity3034 were determined, after having been isolated from the tissues, by the method of spectral fluorimetry. After all-body exposition to gamma-radiation @entity1063 dropped in hypothalamus in comparison with the control group of @entity742 , most significantly in the rostral (by 74.2%) and caudal part (by 40%). A similar drop like in the case of @entity1063 was also observed in @entity935 , the concentrations of which decreased in @entity2339 by 72%, in medial hypothalamus by 94% and in @entity2339 by 60%. @entity1425 shows a drop in hypothalamus, most significant in caudal region (by 62%). In relation with that the level of a precursor for the synthesis of @entity2661 and @entity3034 has been changed which achieved, in the studied regions of hypothalamus in @entity742 , significantly lower levels than were determined in the control group of @entity742 . As regards the hypophysis, after irradiation no significant changes in the levels of @entity1063 and @entity1425 were recorded, however, @entity935 and @entity3034 dropped significantly (P less than 0.01). The exposition to gamma-radiation also causes a decrease in the concentrations of @entity2661 and @entity3034 in the adrenal glands of @entity742 , most significant in @entity1063 (by 61%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Levels of XXXX in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and in the adrenal in @entity742 after whole-body exposure to gamma rays].

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['rostral hypothalamus', 'caudal hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: The changes were studied in the levels of @entity2661 and @entity3034 in the control system of reproduction cycle (hypothalamus, hypophysis) and in adrenal glands of @entity742 after all-body irradiation with 60Co at the total dose of 6.7 Gy for seven days. The power input per hour of irradiation source was 0.039 Gy. The @entity2661 ( @entity1063 , @entity935 and @entity1425 ) and @entity3034 were determined, after having been isolated from the tissues, by the method of spectral fluorimetry. After all-body exposition to gamma-radiation @entity1063 dropped in hypothalamus in comparison with the control group of @entity742 , most significantly in the rostral (by 74.2%) and caudal part (by 40%). A similar drop like in the case of @entity1063 was also observed in @entity935 , the concentrations of which decreased in @entity2339 by 72%, in medial hypothalamus by 94% and in @entity2339 by 60%. @entity1425 shows a drop in hypothalamus, most significant in caudal region (by 62%). In relation with that the level of a precursor for the synthesis of @entity2661 and @entity3034 has been changed which achieved, in the studied regions of hypothalamus in @entity742 , significantly lower levels than were determined in the control group of @entity742 . As regards the hypophysis, after irradiation no significant changes in the levels of @entity1063 and @entity1425 were recorded, however, @entity935 and @entity3034 dropped significantly (P less than 0.01). The exposition to gamma-radiation also causes a decrease in the concentrations of @entity2661 and @entity3034 in the adrenal glands of @entity742 , most significant in @entity1063 (by 61%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Levels of @entity2661 in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and in the adrenal in XXXX after whole-body exposure to gamma rays].

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in @entity6 management, by race and sex, in the southeast United States. DESIGN: Population-based survey. SETTING: Southeast United States (ie, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee). @entity1 : Whites and Blacks surveyed through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System between 2000 and 2007 in the southeast United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total @entity6 management included personal factors (checking blood @entity413 and feet), healthcare provider factors (visiting a doctor, checking hemoglobin A1c, checking feet) and vaccinations ( @entity683 , @entity55 ). RESULTS: Vaccination levels were low throughout the study period, and a racial disparity in vaccination rates developed because trends in prevalence increased more rapidly in Whites relative to Blacks. Personal @entity6 management increased significantly in all race/sex groups with greater increases in Black than White @entity1 , resulting in White @entity1 having lower point estimates of prevalence than Black @entity1 . Healthcare provider @entity6 management increased significantly in all race/sex groups with the exception of Black @entity1 . Considering vaccinations together with personal and provider @entity6 management criteria, @entity6 management improved significantly in all race/sex groups, but remained low in 2007 (ie, 8.8%, Black @entity1 ; 14.0%, White @entity1 ; 11.5%, Black @entity1 ; 12.8% White @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Emphasis should be placed on improving vaccination levels, @entity6 @entity1 self-management and provider-management in the southeast United States. Although @entity6 management improved over the study time period, in 2007 the percent of individuals meeting all of the @entity6 management criteria examined remained very low ranging from 8.8% in Black @entity1 to 14.0% in White @entity1 .

title: XXXX management and vaccination rates in the Southeast United States, 2000 through 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The results of the research of early vascular alterations in LDL-R carriers in comparison with those in non-carriers with severe @entity1007 are controversial. AIM: To investigate the difference between severe @entity1007 @entity1 that carry LDL-R defective gene and those that do not have it, in their functional (flow-mediated vasodilation) and structural ( @entity121 of carotid artery and ankle-brachial index) characteristics of arterial wall. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 120 @entity753 @entity1 . Biochemistry parameters were studied by routine methods. The flow-mediated vasodilation (% @entity4631 ), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of common carotid artery were determined using Hewlett Packard Sonos 5 500; MedicaSoft. @entity121 .lab was the software programme used in the study. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to total @entity165 , LDL, HDL, @entity755 , @entity1675 , cellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sP- and sE- @entity72727 ). The @entity755 / @entity1675 index differed significantly (t = 11.23, p < 0.001) between the two groups; there was difference even after adjustment for age. There was no significant difference in the endothelial dependent and independent vasodilatation between the examined groups (p > 0.05). We found a significantly greater carotid @entity121 and lower ABI in the carriers than the respective parameters in the non-carriers. This significant difference was confirmed after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION: Our data show that LDL-R carriers have a higher carotid @entity121 and lower ABI than non-carriers, whereas no difference between the groups was found with respect to the level of lipid parameters and % @entity4631 .

title: Non-invasive vessel examinations in carriers of LDL-receptor defective gene versus non-carriers with newly detected asymptomatic severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity72727 :: ('MESH:D019040', 'Chemical') :: ['selectine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: AIM: To calibrate eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of @entity2055 in healthy adults. RESEARCH DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight females and 42 males aged 21-82 years participated in the study. METHODS: Whole-body @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and appendicular lean tissue mass (LTM) were measured by DXA; resistance (R) of arms, trunk and legs was measured by eight-polar BIA at frequencies of 5, 50, 250 and 500 kHz; whole-body resistance was calculated as the sum R of arms, trunk and legs. RESULTS: The resistance index (RI), i.e. the height(2)/resistance ratio, was the best predictor of @entity1386 and appendicular LTM. As compared with weight (Wt), RI at 500 kHz explained 35% more variance of @entity1386 (vs 0.57), 45% more variance of LTM(arm) (vs 0.48) and 36% more variance of LTM(leg) (vs 0.50) (p < 0.0001 for all). The contribution of age to the unexplained variance of @entity1386 and appendicular LTM was nil or negligible and the RI x sex interactions were either not significant or not important on practical grounds. The percent root mean square error of the estimate was 6% for @entity1386 and 8% for LTM(arm) and LTM(leg). CONCLUSION: Eight-polar BIA offers accurate estimates of @entity2055 . The attractive hypothesis that eight-polar BIA is influenced minimally by age and sex should be tested on larger samples including younger individuals.

title: Cross-calibration of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of XXXX in healthy subjects aged 21-82 years.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass', 'FFM']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['total and appendicular body composition']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['total and appendicular body composition']


abstract: Conventional cytogenetic, molecular cytogenic and genetic methods disclosed a broad spectrum of @entity74 leading to gain and loss of chromosomal segments in advanced stage @entity521 ( @entity521 ). Specific correlation between the genetic findings could delineate distinct genetic pathways, of which the biology and prognostic significance is as yet undetermined. Using spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphases from 16 @entity1 with advanced stage @entity521 , it was possible to explore the whole spectrum of rearrangement within complex karyotypes and to detect hidden recurrent translocations. All translocations were unbalanced. The most prevalent recurrent unbalanced translocations resulted in 17q gain in 12 @entity1 (75%), 11q loss in nine @entity1 (56%), and 1p deletion/imbalance in eight @entity1 (50%). The most frequent recurrent translocation was der(11)t(11;17) in six @entity1 . Three cytogenetic pathways could be delineated. The first, with six @entity1 , was characterized by the unbalanced translocation der(11)t(11;17), detected only by SKY, resulting in the concomitant 17q gain and 11q loss. No @entity4180 amplification or 1p deletion (except one @entity1 with 1p imbalance) were found, while 3p deletion, and complex karyotypes were common. The second subgroup, with four @entity1 , had 17q gain and 1p deletion, and in two @entity1 11q loss, that was apparent only by FISH. 1p deletion occurred through der(1)t(1;17) or @entity24965 ). The third subgroup of four @entity1 was characterized by @entity4180 amplification with 17q gain and 1p deletion, very rarely with 11q loss (one @entity1 ) through a translocation with a non-17q partner. The SKY subclassifications were in accordance with the findings reported by molecular genetic techniques, and may indicate that distinct oncogenes and suppressor genes are involved in the der(11)t(11;17) pathway of advanced stage @entity521 .

title: der(11)t(11;17): a distinct cytogenetic pathway of advanced stage XXXX ( @entity521 ) - detected by spectral karyotyping (SKY).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'NBL']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Conventional cytogenetic, molecular cytogenic and genetic methods disclosed a broad spectrum of @entity74 leading to gain and loss of chromosomal segments in advanced stage @entity521 ( @entity521 ). Specific correlation between the genetic findings could delineate distinct genetic pathways, of which the biology and prognostic significance is as yet undetermined. Using spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphases from 16 @entity1 with advanced stage @entity521 , it was possible to explore the whole spectrum of rearrangement within complex karyotypes and to detect hidden recurrent translocations. All translocations were unbalanced. The most prevalent recurrent unbalanced translocations resulted in 17q gain in 12 @entity1 (75%), 11q loss in nine @entity1 (56%), and 1p deletion/imbalance in eight @entity1 (50%). The most frequent recurrent translocation was der(11)t(11;17) in six @entity1 . Three cytogenetic pathways could be delineated. The first, with six @entity1 , was characterized by the unbalanced translocation der(11)t(11;17), detected only by SKY, resulting in the concomitant 17q gain and 11q loss. No @entity4180 amplification or 1p deletion (except one @entity1 with 1p imbalance) were found, while 3p deletion, and complex karyotypes were common. The second subgroup, with four @entity1 , had 17q gain and 1p deletion, and in two @entity1 11q loss, that was apparent only by FISH. 1p deletion occurred through der(1)t(1;17) or @entity24965 ). The third subgroup of four @entity1 was characterized by @entity4180 amplification with 17q gain and 1p deletion, very rarely with 11q loss (one @entity1 ) through a translocation with a non-17q partner. The SKY subclassifications were in accordance with the findings reported by molecular genetic techniques, and may indicate that distinct oncogenes and suppressor genes are involved in the der(11)t(11;17) pathway of advanced stage @entity521 .

title: der(11)t(11;17): a distinct cytogenetic pathway of advanced stage @entity521 ( XXXX ) - detected by spectral karyotyping (SKY).

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['NBL']


abstract: AIM: To determine the visual outcome and factors influencing visual outcome after @entity231 surgery in an urban charity hospital in Pakistan. METHODS: A series of selected outpatients were examined who had undergone @entity231 surgery in the preceding 24 months. RESULTS: 181 @entity1 aged 45-82 years were examined. The type of @entity231 operations they had had were extracapsular @entity231 extraction (ECCE) only in 50% (91), phacoemulsification (phaco) only in 11% (20), ECCE with @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) in 17% (31), and phaco with @entity2790 in 22% (39). At presentation, 49.7% (90) had poor functional vision; after refraction 68% (123) had a good visual outcome. Functional vision in eyes undergoing ECCE with @entity2790 was good in 77% (22) and with phaco with @entity2790 in 71.8% (28). After refraction a higher proportion of eyes with @entity2790 surgery (93%) had a good outcome than those with non- @entity2790 surgery (53%). Uncorrected @entity2516 , present in 75.5% (68), was the commonest cause of poor functional vision. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that it is possible to obtain good results with @entity2790 surgery in the developing world. Increasing @entity231 surgery with @entity2790 implantation should reduce the number of eyes with poor functional vision after @entity231 surgery. More attention should be directed towards ensuring that successful outcomes are indeed being realised by continued visual monitoring postoperatively.

title: Visual outcome after high volume XXXX surgery in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: An unusual case of @entity11262 is presented. Initially seen when the @entity1 was 8 years old, the lesion was repeatedly biopsied and curetted with a diagnosis of odontogenic @entity81 . In 1971 a diagnosis of @entity421 of the chondroblastic type was made. At that time, the @entity1 underwent a partial mandibulectomy with immediate graft. The @entity1 did well until 1981, when a recurrence of the lesion was noted. The microscopic diagnosis at this time was @entity11262 . The treatment of this lesion as a staged procedure with initial resection of the mandible and placement of a @entity1346 rubber mandibular prosthesis is discussed. The second stage of the procedure was definitive mandibular reconstruction, with an allogeneic mandible as a crib for autologous particulate cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Although the prognosis of @entity11262 is usually grave, this case is unusual because of its long history of multiple procedures performed prior to the definitive treatment of the lesion 14 years after its discovery. Two-year follow-up since the definitive mandibular reconstruction shows adequate range of motion, excellent healing, and no recurrence.

title: Delayed mandibular reconstruction following removal of a XXXX . Report of a case.

entities_list: @entity11262 :: ('MESH:D018211', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity11262 :: (MESH:D018211,Disease) :: ['mesenchymal chondrosarcoma']


abstract: In the present study, @entity5157 venom ( @entity9624 ) was tested for its ability to cause ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of @entity35 adrenal cortex in vivo. In order to achieve this goal, different @entity9624 treatments were performed and the effects were quantified on transmission electron micrographs. In a first experimental group, @entity9624 injected for 30 days in low daily doses (700  g/kg) generated important ultrastructural changes in zona fasciculata. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was not affected, but the diameters of mitochondrial cristae (MC) were reduced (57.066    7.795 nm) as compared to the MC diameters in the corresponding control groups (58.596    6.603 nm, and 58.503    5.708 nm). In adrenal glands collected from @entity35 injected with a single, high dose of @entity9624 (62 mg/kg), many ultrastructural changes were described. Mitochondria with normal, tubular MC (with diameter of 58.711    5.907 nm) were observed in many cells, very close to the values calculated for the corresponding control group (58.639    6.117 nm). However, the striking data reported herein concerned the ability of @entity9624 high doses to promote dramatic alterations in the ultrastructure of these particular mitochondria, similar to those described in certain severe diseases. Thus, several types of abnormal mitochondria were observed, including mitochondria displaying lamellar and/or circular, concentric cristae and mitochondria devoid of cristae. The abnormal circular, concentric MC, with large inner (281.904    158.588 nm) and outer (432.076    230.372 nm) diameters, appeared to be the most stable form of MC in the adrenal cortex after the acute treatment with @entity9624 . Among other ultrastructural aspects, these important changes indicated a high level of @entity137 of @entity9624 in adrenocortical cells following in vivo experimental @entity4968 .

title: Abnormal mitochondrial cristae were experimentally generated by high doses of XXXX venom in the @entity35 adrenal cortex.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['Apis mellifera']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['Apis mellifera']


abstract: In the present study, @entity5157 venom ( @entity9624 ) was tested for its ability to cause ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of @entity35 adrenal cortex in vivo. In order to achieve this goal, different @entity9624 treatments were performed and the effects were quantified on transmission electron micrographs. In a first experimental group, @entity9624 injected for 30 days in low daily doses (700  g/kg) generated important ultrastructural changes in zona fasciculata. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was not affected, but the diameters of mitochondrial cristae (MC) were reduced (57.066    7.795 nm) as compared to the MC diameters in the corresponding control groups (58.596    6.603 nm, and 58.503    5.708 nm). In adrenal glands collected from @entity35 injected with a single, high dose of @entity9624 (62 mg/kg), many ultrastructural changes were described. Mitochondria with normal, tubular MC (with diameter of 58.711    5.907 nm) were observed in many cells, very close to the values calculated for the corresponding control group (58.639    6.117 nm). However, the striking data reported herein concerned the ability of @entity9624 high doses to promote dramatic alterations in the ultrastructure of these particular mitochondria, similar to those described in certain severe diseases. Thus, several types of abnormal mitochondria were observed, including mitochondria displaying lamellar and/or circular, concentric cristae and mitochondria devoid of cristae. The abnormal circular, concentric MC, with large inner (281.904    158.588 nm) and outer (432.076    230.372 nm) diameters, appeared to be the most stable form of MC in the adrenal cortex after the acute treatment with @entity9624 . Among other ultrastructural aspects, these important changes indicated a high level of @entity137 of @entity9624 in adrenocortical cells following in vivo experimental @entity4968 .

title: Abnormal mitochondrial cristae were experimentally generated by high doses of @entity5157 venom in the XXXX adrenal cortex.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between dispensing of a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant medication and inpatient and outpatient service use in a cohort of veterans with confirmed @entity64 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Southeastern U. S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) network, from October 1, 2000, to September 30, 2001. @entity1 : 785 veterans with confirmed @entity64 . INTERVENTION: VHA and Medicare databases were used to obtain outcome information during the 12 months after the index @entity64 date. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of inpatient admissions, length of inpatient stays, and number of outpatient clinic stops for all causes. RESULTS: Among the study cohort (n = 785), 12% had an SSRI dispensed 30 days or less poststroke, 19% had an SSRI dispensed between 31 and 365 days poststroke, and 69% were not dispensed an SSRI poststroke. After adjusting for risk factors, no significant association was found between time to first SSRI dispensing and inpatient use. However, @entity1 with an early SSRI dispensing were more likely to have a greater number of all-cause outpatient stops compared with @entity1 with later or no SSRI dispensing. Regardless of time to first dispensing, @entity1 dispensed an SSRI had more outpatient clinic stops than @entity1 without the medication. CONCLUSION: SSRI dispensing was not predictive of inpatient use but was a strong predictor of all-cause outpatient clinic stops.

title: Impact of antidepressant dispensing on health service use among veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a computed tomographic (CT) image-guided transgluteal approach for percutaneous @entity530 as an alternative to surgical drainage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 140 @entity1 who underwent percutaneous CT-guided transgluteal drainage of 154 deep pelvic abscesses were reviewed to determine the origins, location, and size of the abscesses; volume of initial aspirate; organisms identified in fluid culture; duration of catheter drainage; incidence of catheter-related @entity158 and procedure-related complications; and short- and long-term outcomes. The resultant data were analyzed with a Fisher exact test for difference in the incidence of postprocedural catheter-site @entity158 between transpiriformis and infrapiriformis approaches. RESULTS: The origins of the pelvic abscesses included postoperative fluid collection (n = 115), perforating @entity698 (n = 6), @entity4436 (n = 16), @entity43 (n = 5), @entity30 (n = 10), and @entity29 due to irradiation (n = 2). The abscesses were 4-12 cm in diameter. The volume of the aspirate was 5-310 mL. Laboratory cultures of the aspirate grew mixed flora, but the organism most frequently isolated was @entity526 . Catheters were removed after a mean of 8 days. In 134 (96%) of 140 @entity1 , there was complete resolution of the @entity733 following transgluteal drainage, without subsequent surgery. In six of 140 (4%) @entity1 , incomplete resolution necessitated subsequent surgery for postoperative fluid collection (n = 3), @entity4436 (n = 2), or perforating @entity698 (n = 1). Complications of transgluteal drainage were rare and included @entity548 in three (2%) of the 140 @entity1 . There was no procedure-related mortality. A transpiriformis approach was significantly more likely to be associated with postprocedural @entity158 (P <.001) than was an infrapiriformis approach. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous CT-guided transgluteal drainage is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for deep pelvic abscesses. Major complications are rare.

title: Transgluteal approach for percutaneous XXXX : 154 cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['tubo-ovarian inflammation']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['internal bowel fistula']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of deep pelvic abscesses']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['drainage of deep pelvic abscesses']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the appearance and determine the importance of the "flow-void" sign on magnetic resonance (MR) images of @entity1 with osseous metastasis from @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively and independently reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity1 who had undergone MR imaging and in whom 20 osseous metastatic lesions from @entity1358 had been diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiologic findings. They assessed the MR images for the presence and frequency of the flow-void sign--multiple dot-like or tubular structures with low signal intensity. They then compared these findings on MR images with the corresponding areas on available images obtained with radiography (n = 16), computed tomography (CT) (n = 6), and digital subtraction angiography (n = 3) and with the results of histopathologic analysis for the same @entity1 group. They noted the location, diameter, and appearance of the lesion and the flow-void sign, as well as variations in signal intensity within the lesion and among lesions. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the level of interobserver agreement. RESULTS: Radiographic findings and the level of signal intensity on MR images were nonspecific for diagnosis of osseous metastasis from @entity1358 . The flow-void sign was identified at the lesion core or margin with a mean frequency of 76.7% by the three observers (in 15, 16, and 15 of 20 lesions, by observers 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Most of these areas of low signal intensity were tubular structures of less than 3 mm in diameter; in three lesions, they measured 5-8 mm in diameter. In 14 lesions, these structures corresponded to dilated blood vessels or veins identifiable on CT images (six lesions) or digital subtraction angiographic images (four lesions) or at histopathologic analysis (four lesions). The flow-void sign on MR images corresponded to vessels depicted on the CT scans available for six lesions and on the angiographic images available for four lesions. CONCLUSION: Observation of the flow-void sign in lesions depicted on musculoskeletal MR images may prove helpful for diagnosing osseous metastasis from @entity1358 and for treatment planning, especially in @entity1 with occult or forgotten primary @entity703 .

title: Osseous metastasis from XXXX : "flow-void" sign at MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in England is increasing. There is a higher incidence of @entity454 in British Indo-Asians than in the White population. AIM: To determine to what degree the increasing demand for renal replacement therapy in the UK is due to Indo-Asian @entity1 . To study the presentation to renal services of Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 and report any inequalities in initial treatment of Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 compared to their White counterparts. DESIGN: Prospective, inception cohort study. METHODS: Consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity454 who started renal replacement therapy between 1 April 2000 and 31 December 2001 in all 14 renal units serving an area from North @entity3548 , including Greater Manchester and Lancashire, were recruited and interviewed. RESULTS: Of the 578 @entity1 , 9.5% were Indo-Asian. The annual acceptance rate for renal replacement therapy was 342 per million population in Indo-Asians, compared with 91 per million population in the White population ( p < 0.001). Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 were younger (median age 51 years vs. 60 yrs, p = 0.006) and more socially deprived (81% vs. 36.5% in the 5th Carstairs quintile, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 presented late to specialist renal services (31% vs. 19%, p = 0.03). Once adjusting for their younger age, @entity731 and/or hypertensive @entity8 was more prevalent in Indo-Asian @entity1 (OR 4.9; p = 0.03). There was no difference in the initial mode of maintenance dialysis or the perception of choice the @entity1 felt they had, based on their ethnicity. DISCUSSION: There is a silent epidemic of @entity454 in Indo-Asian @entity1 in the North-West, possibly vascular in aetiology, in which specialist intervention is late. This suggests that Indo-Asian @entity1 should be prioritized for early intervention strategies to reduce the burden of @entity454 .

title: XXXX in Indo-Asians in the North-West of England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['Cheshire to South Cumbria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']