abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity is a pro-atherogenic condition and postprandial lipoprotein profile and circulating cytokines changes may contribute to promote the process. The aim of this study is to investigate postprandial metabolic response, lipoprotein oxidation and circulating cytokine levels, after the ingestion of two different meals with different fat/ @entity1735 ratio. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten prepubertal @entity28 @entity1 consumed two meals with the same energy and protein content but with a different @entity1735 to fat ratio: 1) @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ): 61% @entity1735 , 27% fat; 2) high fat (HF): 37% @entity1735 , 52% fat. The AUC of @entity413 and insulin were significantly (p < 0.05) lower after the HF meal. HF meal was followed by a significant decrease in the @entity165 carried in the HDL fractions, while @entity165 in the small, dense LDL and in the VLDL particles increased, as compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all). No differences were found in the @entity165 distribution after the @entity1386 meal. Moreover, HDL-C concentration was lower (p < 0.05) at 300 min after HF vs. @entity1386 meal. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) concentration increased after the HF meal but not after the @entity1386 meal [9.3(2.2) vs 1.8(2.2)% from baseline, P < 0.02)]. A positive association (r > 0.3, P < 0.05) was observed between the densest LDL particles and the ox-LDL plasma levels. A reduction of @entity650 was found at 120 min after the @entity1386 [-23.3(5.5) vs -8.4(3.8)% from baseline, P < 0.05)] compared with the HF meal. CONCLUSION: A simple change of    25% of energy load from fat to @entity1735 in a meal significantly improves postprandial pro-atherogenic factors in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Pro-atherogenic postprandial profile: meal-induced changes of lipoprotein sub-fractions and inflammation markers in @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: @entity2314 is an @entity14079 characterized by systemic and vascular accumulation of @entity2317 (Gb(3)) caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A ( @entity10153 ). The condition is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality due to @entity177 , @entity299 , and early onset of @entity64 . Hemizygous males are primarily affected clinically with variable expression in heterozygous females. Gene-therapy trials have been initiated recently in @entity10153 knockout @entity19 models of @entity2314 by using a variety of viral vectors. In the present investigation we administered single i.v. injections of 1 x 10(10) genomes of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) encoding the @entity1 @entity10153 gene driven by a modified @entity1573 @entity17921 promoter to @entity10153 knockout (Fabry) @entity19 . @entity19 were analyzed for expression of @entity10153 activity and Gb(3) levels in liver, kidney, heart, spleen, small intestine, lung, and brain. Administration of the rAAV- @entity17921 -hAGA vector resulted in stable expression of @entity10153 in organs of the Fabry @entity19 for >6 months. @entity10153 activity in the organs became equal to or higher than that of wild-type @entity19 . Accumulated Gb(3) in the liver, heart, and spleen was reduced to that of wild-type @entity19 with lesser but significant reductions in kidney, lung, and small intestine. Injection of the rAAV- @entity17921 -hAGA construct into skeletal muscle did not result in expression of @entity10153 in it or in other tissues. This study provides a basis for a simple and efficient gene-therapy approach for @entity1 with @entity2314 and is indicative of its potential for the treatment of other @entity2315 .

title: Long-term correction of XXXX storage in Fabry @entity19 by recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer.

entities_list: @entity2317 :: ('MESH:C018549', 'Chemical') :: ['globotriaosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorders']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice', 'mouse']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity14079 :: ('MESH:D020739', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive inborn metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity2317 :: (MESH:C018549,Chemical) :: ['globotriaosylceramide']


abstract: @entity2314 is an @entity14079 characterized by systemic and vascular accumulation of @entity2317 (Gb(3)) caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A ( @entity10153 ). The condition is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality due to @entity177 , @entity299 , and early onset of @entity64 . Hemizygous males are primarily affected clinically with variable expression in heterozygous females. Gene-therapy trials have been initiated recently in @entity10153 knockout @entity19 models of @entity2314 by using a variety of viral vectors. In the present investigation we administered single i.v. injections of 1 x 10(10) genomes of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) encoding the @entity1 @entity10153 gene driven by a modified @entity1573 @entity17921 promoter to @entity10153 knockout (Fabry) @entity19 . @entity19 were analyzed for expression of @entity10153 activity and Gb(3) levels in liver, kidney, heart, spleen, small intestine, lung, and brain. Administration of the rAAV- @entity17921 -hAGA vector resulted in stable expression of @entity10153 in organs of the Fabry @entity19 for >6 months. @entity10153 activity in the organs became equal to or higher than that of wild-type @entity19 . Accumulated Gb(3) in the liver, heart, and spleen was reduced to that of wild-type @entity19 with lesser but significant reductions in kidney, lung, and small intestine. Injection of the rAAV- @entity17921 -hAGA construct into skeletal muscle did not result in expression of @entity10153 in it or in other tissues. This study provides a basis for a simple and efficient gene-therapy approach for @entity1 with @entity2314 and is indicative of its potential for the treatment of other @entity2315 .

title: Long-term correction of @entity2317 storage in Fabry XXXX by recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the clinical significance of pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic excision of @entity46 . DESIGN: Prospective study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2). SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary referral center for @entity46 . @entity1 : A total of 454 consecutive @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery for treatment of pelvic @entity158 or @entity249 -associated @entity46 between October 2004 and September 2008. INTERVENTIONS: Demographic, historical, and final surgical data were compared between @entity1 with and without POD obliteration at laparoscopy. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive value of POD obliteration at laparoscopy with regard to bowel @entity46 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with POD obliteration at laparoscopy were included. 58% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-0.67, n = 58/100) of the @entity1 with POD obliteration required bowel surgery compared with 20% (95% CI 0.16-0.25, 72/354) of @entity1 without POD obliteration (p <.001). Of the POD obliteration group, 66% (95% CI 0.53-0.76) required bowel shaving, 12% (0.06-0.23) full segmental rectal resection, 9% (0.04-0.19) wedge rectal resection, 5% (0.02-0.14) full segmental rectosigmoid resection and 9% (0.04-0.19) a combination of the above. Bowel @entity46 was histologically confirmed in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: POD obliteration at laparoscopy carries a high risk of bowel @entity46 and bowel surgery. This risk is three times higher than those without POD obliteration. @entity1 with POD obliteration should be managed in tertiary referral centers for the treatment of @entity46 where colorectal input is available.

title: Is pouch of Douglas obliteration a marker of bowel XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Metastasizing @entity189 are rare; thus, currently there is no uniform treatment guideline. Chemotherapeutic drugs that selectively target @entity5 -promoting pathways may complement conventional therapeutic approaches. We performed immunohistochemistry ( @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity1722 , and @entity2467 ), @entity470 and @entity1722 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and multiplexed SNaPshot   genotyping (testing for recurrent mutations in 15 @entity5 genes including @entity817 , @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity10160 , and @entity876 ) on @entity5 and corresponding @entity3 of 14 metastasizing @entity189 (three apocrine, six eccrine, two hidradenocarcinomas, two @entity38077 , and one @entity4937 ). @entity3 to regional lymph node was most common, followed by skin and then lungs. Follow-up was available in 12 @entity1 (5 months to 8   years) with 1 died of widespread @entity3 . Although @entity470 overexpression was a prevalent feature in this cohort, seen in 7/11 (64%) @entity5 and 10/14 (71%) @entity3 ; FISH for @entity470 gene amplification was negative in 9 tested @entity5 and 12 @entity3 . FISH of the one @entity5 and three @entity3 with 2+ @entity1722 overexpression revealed a low level of @entity1722 gene amplification in one @entity189 and corresponding @entity3 . @entity2467 expression was seen only in rare cases. @entity10160 (2/12, 17%) and @entity876 (3/12, 25%) mutations were detected in two (one hidradenocarcinoma, @entity38077 ) and three (one eccrine, one hidradenocarcinoma, and one @entity4937 ) cases, respectively. The role of @entity470 inhibitor therapy in metastasizing @entity189 with protein overexpression remains unclear. Targeted therapy including PI3K pathway inhibitors might be a potential treatment for rare cases of @entity189 with @entity3 .

title: A potential role for targeted therapy in a subset of metastasizing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity38077 :: ('MESH:D057090', 'Disease') :: ['porocarcinomas', 'one porocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['apocrine carcinoma', 'adnexal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastasis', 'metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['adnexal carcinomas']


abstract: Blood vessels normally maintain stereotyped lumen diameters and their stable structures are crucial for vascular function. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling the maintenance of vessel diameters and the integrity of endothelial cells. We investigated this issue in @entity3392 embryos by a chemical genetics approach. Small molecule libraries were screened using live Tg(kdrl:GRCFP)(zn1) transgenic embryos in which endothelial cells are specifically labeled with GFP. By analyzing the effects of compounds on the morphology and function of embryonic blood vessels after lumen formation, @entity13977 , a putative @entity7242 kinase inhibitor, was identified as capable of specifically reducing vascular lumen size by interrupting endothelial-cell integrity. The inhibitory effect is not due to @entity7242 or general VEGF signaling inhibition because another @entity7242 inhibitor and @entity7242 morpholino as well as several @entity319 inhibitors failed to produce a similar phenotype. After profiling a panel of 22 representative @entity1 kinases and surveying published data, we selected a few possible new candidates. Combinational analysis of these candidate kinase inhibitors established that @entity13977 induced endothelial collapse by inhibiting both the @entity319 and MAP kinase pathways. More importantly, combinatory use of two clinically approved drugs @entity8947 and @entity2240 produced the same phenotype. This is the first study to elucidate the pathways controlling maintenance of endothelial integrity using a chemical genetics approach, indicating that endothelial integrity is controlled by the combined action of the @entity319 and MAP kinase pathways. Our results also suggest the possible side effect of the combination of two anticancer drugs on the circulatory system.

title: Combinatory action of XXXX and MAP kinase pathways maintains endothelial-cell integrity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['Dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib']

answer: @entity319 :: (3791,Gene) :: ['VEGFR2']


abstract: @entity1 telomeres are bound and protected by protein complexes assembled around the six core telomeric proteins @entity7073 , @entity7071 , @entity7072 , @entity7067 , @entity35762 , and @entity7070 . The function of these proteins on telomeres has been studied extensively. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested possible roles for these proteins outside of telomeres. However, the non-canonical (extra-telomeric) function of @entity1 telomeric proteins remains poorly understood. To this end, we systematically investigated the binding sites of telomeric proteins along @entity1 chromosomes, by performing whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for @entity7073 and @entity7072 . ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed that @entity7073 and @entity7072 could be found on a small number of interstitial sites, including regions that are proximal to genes. Some of these binding sites contain short telomere repeats, suggesting that telomeric proteins could directly bind to interstitial sites. Interestingly, only a small fraction of the available interstitial telomere repeat-containing regions were occupied by @entity7073 and @entity7072 . Ectopically expressed @entity7072 was able to occupy additional interstitial telomere repeat sites, suggesting that protein concentration may dictate the selective targeting of telomeric proteins to interstitial sites. Reducing @entity7073 and @entity7072 expression by RNA interference led to altered transcription of @entity7073 - and @entity7072 -targeted genes. Our results indicate that @entity1 telomeric proteins could occupy a limited number of interstitial sites and regulate gene transcription.

title: XXXX telomeric proteins occupy selective interstitial sites.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Endothelium-dependent responses are impaired in various models of @entity101 . The effects of antihypertensive treatment on endothelium-dependent relaxations were studied in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant @entity35 (DR) on a high or low @entity1372 diet. The @entity35 were given either a diet containing 8% @entity1219 or 0.1% @entity1219 for 8 weeks or a diet containing 8% @entity1219 and a combination of @entity2515 , @entity918 , and @entity2514 for 8 or 2 weeks. DS on the 8% @entity1219 diet developed @entity101 , while the other @entity35 did not. Antihypertensive therapy for 8 or 2 weeks prevented or reversed @entity101 in DS and lowered blood pressure in DR on the 8% @entity1219 diet. Aortic rings with and without endothelium were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. In all groups, @entity934 , @entity1424 , and @entity7102 caused endothelium-dependent relaxations. The relaxations in response to all agonists were significantly decreased in DS on 8% @entity1219 compared to relaxations in the other rats. Antihypertensive treatment for 8 or 2 weeks prevented or reversed the decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to all agonists tested, but not those to the endothelium-independent agonist, @entity1854 . These results suggest that antihypertensive treatment normalizes endothelium-dependent relaxations. This effect of antihypertensive treatment might be important for the prevention of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity101 .

title: Antihypertensive treatment normalizes decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations in @entity35 with salt-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1424 :: ('CHEBI:16761', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Endothelium-dependent responses are impaired in various models of @entity101 . The effects of antihypertensive treatment on endothelium-dependent relaxations were studied in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant @entity35 (DR) on a high or low @entity1372 diet. The @entity35 were given either a diet containing 8% @entity1219 or 0.1% @entity1219 for 8 weeks or a diet containing 8% @entity1219 and a combination of @entity2515 , @entity918 , and @entity2514 for 8 or 2 weeks. DS on the 8% @entity1219 diet developed @entity101 , while the other @entity35 did not. Antihypertensive therapy for 8 or 2 weeks prevented or reversed @entity101 in DS and lowered blood pressure in DR on the 8% @entity1219 diet. Aortic rings with and without endothelium were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. In all groups, @entity934 , @entity1424 , and @entity7102 caused endothelium-dependent relaxations. The relaxations in response to all agonists were significantly decreased in DS on 8% @entity1219 compared to relaxations in the other rats. Antihypertensive treatment for 8 or 2 weeks prevented or reversed the decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to all agonists tested, but not those to the endothelium-independent agonist, @entity1854 . These results suggest that antihypertensive treatment normalizes endothelium-dependent relaxations. This effect of antihypertensive treatment might be important for the prevention of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity101 .

title: Antihypertensive treatment normalizes decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations in XXXX with salt-induced @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) has been generally given only by intravascular injection. Recently, an oral @entity5015 named @entity72627 has been developed. @entity72627 is a potent inhibitor of @entity1423 as well as a strong vasodilator, and its half-life in @entity1 is extremely prolonged because it is not metabolized in the lungs. Leg ulceration is one of the cutaneous manifestations in Beh  et's disease and sometimes is very difficult to treat. In this investigation five @entity1 having Beh  et's disease with leg @entity1066 were treated with @entity72627 . All of the @entity1 had the leg @entity1066 for more than 2 months. Fifteen micrograms of @entity72627 was given initially, and the dosage was increased to 30 micrograms whenever there were no adverse effects. All the @entity1 were soon able to tolerate the drug and increased dosage. Within 2 weeks, regeneration of granulomatous tissues was observed in all cases. Furthermore, the leg @entity1066 healed within one year. Only one @entity1 developed @entity294 , but this symptom disappeared when he adjusted to the dosage. The findings strongly indicate that @entity72627 is a safe and promising drug for the treatment of leg @entity1066 in Beh  et's disease.

title: Oral @entity5015 as a therapeutic modality for leg XXXX in Beh  et's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) has been generally given only by intravascular injection. Recently, an oral @entity5015 named @entity72627 has been developed. @entity72627 is a potent inhibitor of @entity1423 as well as a strong vasodilator, and its half-life in @entity1 is extremely prolonged because it is not metabolized in the lungs. Leg ulceration is one of the cutaneous manifestations in Beh  et's disease and sometimes is very difficult to treat. In this investigation five @entity1 having Beh  et's disease with leg @entity1066 were treated with @entity72627 . All of the @entity1 had the leg @entity1066 for more than 2 months. Fifteen micrograms of @entity72627 was given initially, and the dosage was increased to 30 micrograms whenever there were no adverse effects. All the @entity1 were soon able to tolerate the drug and increased dosage. Within 2 weeks, regeneration of granulomatous tissues was observed in all cases. Furthermore, the leg @entity1066 healed within one year. Only one @entity1 developed @entity294 , but this symptom disappeared when he adjusted to the dosage. The findings strongly indicate that @entity72627 is a safe and promising drug for the treatment of leg @entity1066 in Beh  et's disease.

title: Oral XXXX as a therapeutic modality for leg @entity1066 in Beh  et's disease.

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the evidence of effects and safety of @entity2399 on neuroprotection for preterm @entity1 who had exposure in uteri.We searched electronic databases and bibliographies of relevant papers to identify studies comparing @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) with placebo or other treatments in @entity1 at high risk of @entity3152 and reporting effects and safety of @entity2400 for antenatal @entity1 . Then, we did this meta-analysis based on PRISMA guideline. The primary outcomes included @entity204 , @entity306 ( @entity306 ), @entity548 , and @entity5719 . Secondary outcomes included various neonatal and maternal outcomes.Ten studies including 6 randomized controlled trials and 5 cohort studies, and involving 18,655 preterm @entity1 were analyzed. For the rate of moderate to severe @entity306 , @entity2400 showed the ability to reduce the risk and achieved statistically significant difference (odd ratio [OR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-0.89, P = 0.01). The comparison of mortality rate between the @entity2400 group and the placebo group only presented small difference clinically, but reached no statistical significance (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.77-1.11, P = 0.39). Summarily, the analysis of adverse effects on babies showed no margin (P>0.05). Yet for mothers, @entity2400 exhibited obvious side-effects, such as @entity1576 , @entity390 and so forth, but there exited great heterogeneity. @entity2400 administered to @entity1 at high risk of @entity3152 could reduce the risk of moderate to severe @entity306 , without obvious adverse effects on babies. Although there exit many unfavorable effects on mothers, yet they may be lessened through reduction of the dose of @entity2400 and could be tolerable for mothers. So @entity2400 is both beneficial and safety to be used as a neuroprotective agent for premature @entity1 before a valid alternative was discovered.

title: Effects and Safety of XXXX on Neuroprotection: A Meta-analysis Based on PRISMA Guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['fatal death']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium Sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The baroreceptor reflex arc is important in the short-term regulation of the cardiovascular system, and small studies have reported @entity299 ( @entity4375 ) after @entity64 . However, the prognostic significance of impaired @entity4375 is uncertain. METHODS: One hundred twenty-four @entity1 underwent simultaneous ECG and noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) monitoring within 72 hours of neuroradiologically confirmed acute @entity385 . Cardiac @entity4375 was assessed from the combined alpha-index by means of power spectral analysis techniques. Baseline data for @entity64 @entity1 were compared with those of a control group matched for age, sex, and casual BP. @entity1 were followed up for a median of 1508 days (range, 9 to 2656 days), and outcome was compared between @entity1 with and without impaired @entity4375 . RESULTS: Median @entity4375 values were significantly lower in @entity64 @entity1 than in controls (5 [interquartile range, 3.5 to 7.4] versus 6.2 [interquartile range, 4.5 to 8.3] ms/mm Hg; P=0.04). Sixty-one (33 male) @entity1 (mean age, 70.2 [SD 10.5] years) had impaired @entity4375 (< or =5.0 ms/mm Hg) compared with 63 (35 male) @entity1 (mean age, 70.6 [SD 11.7] years) without impaired @entity4375 (>5.0 ms/mm Hg). @entity64 @entity1 with impaired @entity4375 values had a significantly poorer prognosis (28% versus 8% mortality rate during the follow-up period) although there were no differences in age, @entity64 severity, @entity64 type, or casual or 24-hour BP parameters between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired cardiac @entity4375 is associated with increased long-term mortality after acute @entity385 , irrespective of age, sex, @entity64 type, and BP. This may reflect @entity943 , but the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown, although therapies that improve cardiac @entity4375 after @entity64 warrant further investigation.

title: Cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity predicts long-term outcome after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: One hundred five @entity1 treated with potentially curative surgery and adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for @entity188 and rectosigmoid from 1973 through 1981 were reviewed. Radiation therapy was given with 18-25 MeV X rays in doses of 40-50 Gy in 5 weeks (midline dose) using AP-PA fields in 97 @entity1 . A boost of 6 to 10 Gy was directed to the area of maximum risk by anterior-posterior or perineal fields in 71 @entity1 . Local failure occurred in 15 @entity1 and was documented pathologically in 8 @entity1 , or clinically or radiologically in 7 @entity1 . The local recurrences according to the Modified Astler-Coller staging criteria were: B1: 0% (0/3); B2: 4% (1/24); B3: 31% (4/13); C1: 8% (1/12); C2: 18% (8/45); C3: 20% (1/5). Local failure after adjuvant radiotherapy versus surgery alone was compared. The comparison of local failure of combined treatment versus surgery alone, from our institution, is as follows: B2-4% vs 13%, B3-31% vs 26%, C2-18% vs 30%, and C3-20% vs 49%. Sixty-one @entity1 (58.1%) have been followed for 5 years, with a median of 73 months and a minimum of 24 months. The actuarial 5-year survival (disease-free) for the entire group is 55% and is not statistically different for the groups with negative or positive nodes. Fourteen @entity1 (13%) required surgery for small bowel complications; four others (4%) had symptomatic @entity1744 treated with conservative therapy only. @entity1744 occurred in 4 of 16 (25%) treated with radiation fields above L5, whereas those treated below L5 had an 11% incidence. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can increase local @entity5 control compared to surgery alone. The small bowel complication rate in this series most likely reflects AP-PA treatment technique and can be decreased by the use of multiple fields with maximum shielding of the small intestine.

title: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX and rectosigmoid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction', 'Small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']


abstract: Tissues including liver stiffen and acquire more extracellular matrix with @entity82 . The relationship between matrix content and stiffness, however, is non-linear, and stiffness is only one component of tissue mechanics. The mechanical response of tissues such as liver to physiological stresses is not well described, and models of tissue mechanics are limited. To better understand the mechanics of the normal and fibrotic @entity35 liver, we carried out a series of studies using parallel plate rheometry, measuring the response to compressive, extensional, and shear strains. We found that the shear storage and loss moduli G' and G" and the apparent Young's moduli measured by uniaxial strain orthogonal to the shear direction increased markedly with both progressive @entity82 and increasing compression, that livers shear strain softened, and that significant increases in shear modulus with compressional stress occurred within a range consistent with increased sinusoidal pressures in @entity409 . Proteoglycan content and integrin-matrix interactions were significant determinants of liver mechanics, particularly in compression. We propose a new non-linear constitutive model of the liver. A key feature of this model is that, while it assumes overall liver incompressibility, it takes into account water flow and solid phase compressibility. In sum, we report a detailed study of non-linear liver mechanics under physiological strains in the normal state, early @entity82 , and late @entity82 . We propose a constitutive model that captures compression stiffening, tension softening, and shear softening, and can be understood in terms of the cellular and matrix components of the liver.

title: Normal and Fibrotic XXXX Livers Demonstrate Shear Strain Softening and Compression Stiffening: A Model for Soft Tissue Mechanics.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The intrahippocampal @entity4176 @entity19 model of mesial @entity1315 is increasingly being used for studies on epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenesis. Almost all previous studies used male @entity19 for this purpose, and no study is available in this or other models of acquired @entity302 that directly compared epileptogenesis in female and male rodents. Epidemiological studies suggest that gender may affect susceptibility to @entity302 and its prognosis; therefore, one goal of this study was to investigate whether sex has an influence on latent period and epileptogenesis in the intrahippocampal @entity4176 model in @entity19 . Another aspect that was examined in the present study was whether @entity19 differences in epileptogenesis exist. Finally, we examined the effects of different types of anesthesia ( @entity22292 , @entity5161 ) on @entity4176 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and epileptogenesis. Continuous (24/7) video-EEG monitoring was used during @entity159 and the 2weeks following @entity159 as well as 4-6weeks after @entity159 . In male NMRI @entity19 with @entity22292 anesthesia during @entity4176 injection, @entity159 was followed by a @entity410 -free latent period of 10-14days if @entity131 ( @entity131 ) recorded from the @entity4176 focus were considered the onset of @entity302 . Anesthesia with @entity5161 led to a more rapid onset and higher severity of @entity159 , and not all male NMRI @entity19 exhibited a @entity410 -free latent period. Female NMRI @entity19 differed from male animals in the lack of any clear latent period, independently of anesthesia type. Furthermore, @entity131 were only rarely observed. These problems were not resolved by decreasing the dose of @entity4176 or using other strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N) of female @entity19 . The present data are the first to demonstrate marked sex-related differences in the latent period following @entity1545 in a rodent model of acquired @entity302 . Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the choice of anesthestic agent during @entity4176 administration affects @entity159 severity and as a consequence, the latent period, which may explain some of the differences reported for this model in the literature.

title: Significant effects of sex, strain, and anesthesia in the intrahippocampal @entity4176 @entity19 model of mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal paroxysmal discharges', 'HPDs']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The intrahippocampal @entity4176 @entity19 model of mesial @entity1315 is increasingly being used for studies on epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenesis. Almost all previous studies used male @entity19 for this purpose, and no study is available in this or other models of acquired @entity302 that directly compared epileptogenesis in female and male rodents. Epidemiological studies suggest that gender may affect susceptibility to @entity302 and its prognosis; therefore, one goal of this study was to investigate whether sex has an influence on latent period and epileptogenesis in the intrahippocampal @entity4176 model in @entity19 . Another aspect that was examined in the present study was whether @entity19 differences in epileptogenesis exist. Finally, we examined the effects of different types of anesthesia ( @entity22292 , @entity5161 ) on @entity4176 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and epileptogenesis. Continuous (24/7) video-EEG monitoring was used during @entity159 and the 2weeks following @entity159 as well as 4-6weeks after @entity159 . In male NMRI @entity19 with @entity22292 anesthesia during @entity4176 injection, @entity159 was followed by a @entity410 -free latent period of 10-14days if @entity131 ( @entity131 ) recorded from the @entity4176 focus were considered the onset of @entity302 . Anesthesia with @entity5161 led to a more rapid onset and higher severity of @entity159 , and not all male NMRI @entity19 exhibited a @entity410 -free latent period. Female NMRI @entity19 differed from male animals in the lack of any clear latent period, independently of anesthesia type. Furthermore, @entity131 were only rarely observed. These problems were not resolved by decreasing the dose of @entity4176 or using other strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N) of female @entity19 . The present data are the first to demonstrate marked sex-related differences in the latent period following @entity1545 in a rodent model of acquired @entity302 . Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the choice of anesthestic agent during @entity4176 administration affects @entity159 severity and as a consequence, the latent period, which may explain some of the differences reported for this model in the literature.

title: Significant effects of sex, strain, and anesthesia in the intrahippocampal XXXX @entity19 model of mesial @entity1315 .

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The intrahippocampal @entity4176 @entity19 model of mesial @entity1315 is increasingly being used for studies on epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenesis. Almost all previous studies used male @entity19 for this purpose, and no study is available in this or other models of acquired @entity302 that directly compared epileptogenesis in female and male rodents. Epidemiological studies suggest that gender may affect susceptibility to @entity302 and its prognosis; therefore, one goal of this study was to investigate whether sex has an influence on latent period and epileptogenesis in the intrahippocampal @entity4176 model in @entity19 . Another aspect that was examined in the present study was whether @entity19 differences in epileptogenesis exist. Finally, we examined the effects of different types of anesthesia ( @entity22292 , @entity5161 ) on @entity4176 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and epileptogenesis. Continuous (24/7) video-EEG monitoring was used during @entity159 and the 2weeks following @entity159 as well as 4-6weeks after @entity159 . In male NMRI @entity19 with @entity22292 anesthesia during @entity4176 injection, @entity159 was followed by a @entity410 -free latent period of 10-14days if @entity131 ( @entity131 ) recorded from the @entity4176 focus were considered the onset of @entity302 . Anesthesia with @entity5161 led to a more rapid onset and higher severity of @entity159 , and not all male NMRI @entity19 exhibited a @entity410 -free latent period. Female NMRI @entity19 differed from male animals in the lack of any clear latent period, independently of anesthesia type. Furthermore, @entity131 were only rarely observed. These problems were not resolved by decreasing the dose of @entity4176 or using other strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N) of female @entity19 . The present data are the first to demonstrate marked sex-related differences in the latent period following @entity1545 in a rodent model of acquired @entity302 . Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the choice of anesthestic agent during @entity4176 administration affects @entity159 severity and as a consequence, the latent period, which may explain some of the differences reported for this model in the literature.

title: Significant effects of sex, strain, and anesthesia in the intrahippocampal @entity4176 XXXX model of mesial @entity1315 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The outcome of surgical treatment of @entity2112 in forty-five adults was studied with special attention to @entity158 , function, self-image, and pulmonary function. All of the @entity1 were more than twenty-five years old at operation and had been followed for more than three years. Every @entity1 who was operated on by one of us (J. E. H.) and who met these criteria was evaluated. The magnitude of the curves averaged 66 degrees. Standardized gradations of @entity158 and function showed improvement over-all, but significant impairment remained. There was a reduction in the levels of peak and constant @entity158 , but no change in the frequency of @entity158 after operation. The number of @entity1 who were @entity158 -free after surgery was not increased. Functional impairment due to the @entity1635 was lessened, and the ability to perform the common activities of daily living was improved, but no important changes in occupation or recreational activity were recorded. Correlations of @entity158 or function, or both, and the changes in either, were found with only two parameters: age at follow-up and physical occupation. Pulmonary function, as measured, did not change. Eighteen (40 per cent) of the @entity1 had a minor complication and ten (20 per cent), a major complication; there was one @entity204 , due to @entity1151 , of a @entity1 who was excluded from the series. In view of the high rate of complications, the limited gains to be derived from spinal fusion should be assessed and clearly explained to @entity1 before the procedure is undertaken.

title: Results of surgical treatment of adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['peak pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Over a century ago the intact cortex was proposed to contribute to recovery from unilateral @entity1545 , but its possible role in functional outcome has become more appreciated in recent years as a result of anatomic, metabolic and behavioral studies. Although use of the contralesional limb is naturally impaired after sensorimotor cortex injury, neural and astrocytic events in the intact hemisphere may give rise to, and may be influenced by, an enhanced ability to compensate for lost motor function. The debate is still open as to whether the neural changes are generally compensatory in nature, with activity in the homotopic cortex leading to greater capability in the nonimpaired limb, or whether they are actually a matter of reorganization in the homotopic cortex leading to connections to denervated targets in the opposite hemisphere, thus allowing the homotopic cortex to control motor programs there. Although both phenomena may occur to some degree, there is mounting evidence in support of the former view. Careful behavioral techniques have been developed that can expose compensatory tricks, and the time course of these behaviors correlates well with anatomic data. Moreover, if the intact cortex sustains a second lesion after recovery from the first, forelimb sensorimotor function specific to the first-impaired side of the body is not worsened. Partial denervation of callosal fibers coming from the injured hemisphere, plus preferential use of the good forelimb caused by a @entity130 , may increase trophic factors in the intact hemisphere. These and related events seem to provide a growth-favorable environment there that permits motor learning in the intact forelimb at a level of skill exceeding that which a normal animal can attain in the same period of time. There are anecdotal cases in @entity1 neurologic @entity1 that are consistent with these findings. For example, a colleague of the authors who sustained a unilateral infarction that rendered his dominant right hand severely impaired noticed that soon after the @entity64 he was able to use his left hand for writing and computers as well as he had ever used his right hand. Cross-midline placing tests also indicate that the structural events observed in the intact cortex may potentiate projections to the damaged hemisphere. These changes may help restore the capacity of tactile information projecting to the intact hemisphere to control limb placing in the impaired forelimb. Neural events in the injured hemisphere can be affected by behavior differently than the neural events in the intact hemisphere. Different therapeutic strategies might well be used on opposing limbs at different times after unilateral sensorimotor cortex injury to optimize recovery (and, indeed, to avoid exaggerating the insult). Finally, the details of reorganization in both hemispheres differ greatly depending on the type of @entity1545 sustained (eg, in @entity64 versus @entity191 ), suggesting that an approach that considers the role of both hemispheres is likely to be beneficial in research on a broad variety of @entity75 .

title: Should the injured and intact hemispheres be treated differently during the early phases of physical restorative therapy in experimental XXXX or parkinsonism?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain pathologies']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the extent and nature of change in cognitive-motor interference (CMI) among rehabilitating @entity64 @entity1 who showed dual-task gait decrement at initial assessment. DESIGN: Experimental, within-subjects, repeated measures design. SETTING: Rehabilitation centre for adults with acquired, nonprogressive @entity1545 . SUBJECTS: Ten @entity1 with @entity64 , available for reassessment 1-9 months following their participation in a study of CMI after @entity1545 . MEASURES: Median stride duration; mean word generation. METHODS: Two x one-minute walking trials, two x one-minute word generation trials, two x one-minute trials of simultaneous walking and word generation; 10-metre walking time; Barthel ADL Scale score. RESULTS: Seven out of ten @entity1 showed reduction over time in dual-task gait decrement. Three out of ten showed @entity73 . Only one showed concomitant reduction in gait and word generation decrement. CONCLUSION: Extent of CMI during relearning to walk after a @entity64 reduced over time in the majority of @entity1 . Effects were more evident in improved stride duration than improved cognitive performance. Measures of multiple task performance should be included in assessment for functional recovery.

title: Changing patterns of cognitive-motor interference (CMI) over time during recovery from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cognitive decrement']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal stage of development at which transplant @entity1 ex vivo-produced oral mucosa equivalents (EVPOMEs) in vivo. EVPOMEs were generated in a serum-free culture system, without the use of an irradiated xenogeneic feeder layer, by seeding @entity1 oral keratinocytes onto a @entity1 cadaveric dermal equivalent, AlloDerm. EVPOMEs were cultured for 4 days submerged and then for 7 or 14 days at an air-liquid interface to initiate stratification before transplantation into @entity915 @entity19 . AlloDerm, without epithelium, was used as a control. @entity19 were killed on days 3, 10, and 21 posttransplantation. Epithelium of the transplanted EVPOMEs was evaluated with the differentiation marker keratin 10/13. Dermal microvessel ingrowth was determined by immunohistochemistry with a @entity19 vascular marker, lectin binding from Triticum @entity6248 . The presence and stratification of the epithelium were correlated with revascularization of the underlying dermis. The microvessel density of AlloDerm without epithelium was less than that of EVPOMEs with an epithelial layer. Microvessel density of the dermis varied directly with the degree of epithelial stratification of the EVPOMEs. The EVPOMEs cultured at an air-liquid interface for 7 days had the optimal balance of neoangiogenesis and epithelial differentiation necessary for in vivo grafting.

title: Evaluation of transplanted tissue-engineered oral mucosa equivalents in severe combined immunodeficient XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shiga toxin (Stx) is the primary virulence factor of Stx-producing @entity526 (STEC). STEC can produce @entity72628 and/or Stx2a, which are antigenically distinct. However, Stx2a-producing STEC are associated with more severe disease than strains producing both @entity72628 and Stx2a. METHODS AND RESULTS: To address the hypothesis that the reason for the association of Stx2a with more severe disease is because Stx2a crosses the intestinal barrier with greater efficiency that @entity72628 , we covalently labeled @entity72628 and Stx2a with @entity72629 and determined the ex vivo fluorescent intensity of @entity19 systemic organs after oral intoxication. Surprisingly, both Stxs exhibited similar dissemination patterns and accumulated in the kidneys. We next cointoxicated @entity19 to determine whether @entity72628 could impede Stx2a. Cointoxication resulted in increased survival and an extended mean time to @entity204 , compared with intoxication with Stx2a only. The survival benefit was dose dependent, with the greatest effect observed when 5 times more @entity72628 than Stx2a was delivered, and was amplified when @entity72628 was delivered 3 hours prior to Stx2a. Cointoxication with an @entity72628 active site toxoid also reduced Stx2a @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that @entity72628 reduces Stx2a-mediated @entity137 , a finding that may explain why STEC that produce only Stx2a are associated with more severe disease than strains producing @entity72628 and Stx2a.

title: Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 1a Reduces the XXXX of Stx Type 2a.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Oral Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic and surgical management of severe chronic angle- closure @entity726 secondary to ciliary body cysts can be difficult to manage in a @entity1 with @entity16138 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 6-year old @entity1 with @entity16138 , with progressive chronic angle- closure @entity726 secondary to ciliary body cysts presented to our clinic. The initial examination revealed counting fingers vision in the left eye. Intraocular pressure (IOP), as assessed by tonopen, was 31  mm Hg. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed ciliary body cysts in the left eye, and gonioscopy confirmed chronic angle closure. A tube shunt was placed to control the elevated IOP. A year after her tube shunt placement in the left eye, ultrasound biomiscropy was performed on her right eye and showed no ciliary body cysts. Gonioscopy in the right eye revealed an open angle to the ciliary body band. Subsequent serial gonioscopy every 3  months showed gradual narrowing of the right eye angle and finally three-and-a-half years after tube placement of the left eye, her right eye IOP became uncontrolled with medications alone and a tube shunt was similarly placed in the right eye. Intraoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy performed at the time of the right eye tube shunt revealed extensive ciliary body cysts in the right eye. Her IOP in both eyes have been well controlled since the placement of tube shunts. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first reported cases of severe chronic angle- closure @entity726 secondary to ciliary body cysts in a @entity1 with @entity16138 . We believe that early screening for ciliary body cysts is important in @entity1 with @entity16138 .

title: Case report: imaging and treatment of ophthalmic manifestations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16138 :: ('MESH:C563160', 'Disease') :: ['oculodentodigital dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity16138 :: (MESH:C563160,Disease) :: ['oculodentodigital dysplasia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomagnetic activity emitted from the prostate gland and to differentiate cancerous from benign @entity4623 with the use of biomagnetic measurement and non-linear analysis. Magnetic recordings were obtained from 47 @entity1 with @entity4623 . Histology revealed 24 @entity263 @entity1 and 23 @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) @entity1 . The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) biomagnetometer was used to measure the prostate's magnetic field by placing the SQUID detector 3 mm above the symphysis pubis. The magnetic field recorded in the 2-7 Hz frequency range was of high amplitude in most malignant lesions whereas all benign cases were of low amplitude. According to our results, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 83.33%, 100%, 100% and 85.18%, respectively. By applying the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm to the magnetoprostatogram time series in malignant and benign @entity4623 we found clear saturation in @entity4623 with m>7 whereas in the benign lesions there was not clear saturation. @entity263 emits higher biomagnetic activity than the @entity1067 . This confirms a higher angiogenic activity in @entity263 than the @entity1067 lesions. Furthermore, the saturation value in the estimation of the correlation dimension of the attractor for the @entity5 confirms the lower complexity of the system in comparison to the @entity1067 , which is characterized by higher complexity.

title: Differential diagnosis of XXXX with the use of biomagnetic measurements and non-linear analysis.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer lesions']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['malignant prostate lesions', 'prostate lesions', 'palpable prostate lesions']

answer: @entity4623 :: (MESH:D011469,Disease) :: ['prostate lesions']


abstract: Manometric assessment was performed in 54 @entity1 with congenital ano-rectal anomalies including those with a blindly ending rectum (6 cases) or with an ectopic bowel outlet either in the perineum (25 cases), vulva (8 cases), vagina (8 cases), urethra (5 cases) or bladder (2 cases). @entity1 with an externally accessible orifice were investigated preoperatively whereas those with an internal orifice or no orifice could only be evaluated after surgical correction. In all operated cases presented, the ectopic rectal opening was preserved together with its surrounding smooth musculature. It was transplanted ventral to the puborectalis sling into the anal dimple if present. A normal functioning internal sphincter was observed in all @entity1 even after transplantation. Anal resting tone was normal in all cases with mean values in the various subgroups ranging from 32 +/- 10 mmHg to 51 +/- 6 mm Hg. Frequency of anal slow pressure wave activity ranged from 11.6 +/- 1.5/min to 15.7 +/- 1.3/min. The recto-anal inhibitory reflex was present in all cases. The term @entity292 should be reserved for morphologically and physiologically abnormal microscopic communications. Failure to appreciate the presence of a normal internal sphincter may account for poor functional results after surgery. The results demonstrate the importance of preserving the internal sphincter in surgical correction of @entity10645 .

title: Internal sphincter-saving in imperforate anus with or without XXXX . A manometric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal anomalies']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine incidence of @entity2176 resistan enterococcus (VRE) colonization in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over five-year period, rate of progression to @entity281 and associated risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a prospective surveillance for VRE colonization and health care associated infections was made. Contact precautions were taken against colonization, although the application varied over the years due to repairs in the unit. RESULTS: VRE rectal colonization was detected in 200/1671 neonates (12%) admitted to NICU. It showed great interannual variability from 1.9% to 30.3%. @entity281 developed in 6/200 VRE colonized @entity1 (3%) within a median of 9 days (range:3-58 days). The risk factors for @entity281 development identified in the univariate analysis were long hospital stay (>= 30 days), @entity3166 , surgical procedure, extraventricular drainage, receipt of @entity2379 and receipt of glycopeptides after detection of VRE colonization. Crude in-hospital mortality was higher in neonates who developed a systemic @entity281 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Maintaining physical conditions in the unit favorable for infection control and rational use of antibiotics are essential in control of VRE colonization and resultant infections. Special attention should be directed to VRE colonized babies carrying the risk factors.

title: XXXX Resistant Enterococci Colonization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Who will be infected?

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Sytemic VRE infection', 'VRE infection']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['Vancomycin']


abstract: @entity214 -PAGE of the 190 @entity46437 of Helminthosporium victoriae, using a discontinuous buffer system, revealed two major capsid polypeptides of mol. wt. 88K and 83K (p88 and @entity32387 ) and a minor polypeptide, @entity47016 . Peptide mapping by both limited proteolysis and selective chemical cleavage showed @entity32387 and @entity47016 to be closely related to p88. The origin of @entity32387 / @entity47016 could not be explained by proteolysis of p88 during virus preparation and storage. In @entity95 reticulocyte lysates, denatured dsRNA directed the synthesis of a single major translation product which was identical to capsid polypeptide p88 on the basis of coelectrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping. No translation products comparable in size to @entity32387 or @entity47016 were detected in vitro. These data indicated that the capsid of the 190 @entity46437 is encoded by a single gene and verified the classification of the virus as a member of the family Totiviridae. Radioiodination of intact virus under conditions considered optimum for surface-specific iodination showed p88 to be more readily available for labelling than @entity32387 or @entity47016 . Furthermore, when Western blots of capsid polypeptides were reacted with an antiserum to @entity3584 -stabilized virus (190S-G), p88 was more reactive to 190S-G antibodies than was @entity32387 / @entity47016 . These results suggest p88 is external to @entity32387 / @entity47016 in the capsid.

title: The capsid polypeptides of the 190 XXXX of Helminthosporium victoriae.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity46437 :: (45709,Species) :: ['S virus']


abstract: This work was initiated by the discrepancy existing between the traditional experimental @entity1188 model with occlusion of one single major coronary artery in the otherwise healthy myocardium and the clinical situation in which two or more major coronary arteries are stenosed at the same time. A model mimicking this latter clinical situation was elaborated as follows: In anaesthetized, open-chest @entity235 the haemodynamic, electrophysiological and blood flow changes due to 5 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) were studied in the absence and presence of a critical constriction of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Control @entity432 resulted in enhanced ST-segment elevation and inhomogeneity of electrical activation, depressed left ventricular contractility (LVdP/dt) and local myocardial contractility, as well as in a decline of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) in the ischaemic area supplied by @entity3980 . These changes were accompanied by no or slight extrasystolic activity. In the presence of critical @entity850 of LCX, occlusion of the @entity3980 aggravated @entity296 , i.e. ST-segment elevation and diminution of @entity296 were more marked, mainly in the subepicardium of the ischaemic area. The incidence and severity of @entity943 significantly increased. Even @entity2224 occurred in one third of the animals, both during @entity432 and after its release. Thus, acute @entity432 in the presence of a stenosed LCX produced a more severe @entity296 associated with more severe @entity943 than occlusion of @entity3980 alone. This model is more relevant to the clinical situation in which multivessel @entity453 is common.

title: Effect of the blood supply to the normal noninfarcted myocardium on the incidence and severity of early post-occlusion XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia', 'MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: This work was initiated by the discrepancy existing between the traditional experimental @entity1188 model with occlusion of one single major coronary artery in the otherwise healthy myocardium and the clinical situation in which two or more major coronary arteries are stenosed at the same time. A model mimicking this latter clinical situation was elaborated as follows: In anaesthetized, open-chest @entity235 the haemodynamic, electrophysiological and blood flow changes due to 5 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) were studied in the absence and presence of a critical constriction of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Control @entity432 resulted in enhanced ST-segment elevation and inhomogeneity of electrical activation, depressed left ventricular contractility (LVdP/dt) and local myocardial contractility, as well as in a decline of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) in the ischaemic area supplied by @entity3980 . These changes were accompanied by no or slight extrasystolic activity. In the presence of critical @entity850 of LCX, occlusion of the @entity3980 aggravated @entity296 , i.e. ST-segment elevation and diminution of @entity296 were more marked, mainly in the subepicardium of the ischaemic area. The incidence and severity of @entity943 significantly increased. Even @entity2224 occurred in one third of the animals, both during @entity432 and after its release. Thus, acute @entity432 in the presence of a stenosed LCX produced a more severe @entity296 associated with more severe @entity943 than occlusion of @entity3980 alone. This model is more relevant to the clinical situation in which multivessel @entity453 is common.

title: Effect of the blood supply to the normal noninfarcted myocardium on the incidence and severity of early post-occlusion @entity943 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Very elderly @entity1 have higher mortality rates than younger @entity1 after @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). However, the mechanism by which increasing age contributes to such mortality remains unclear. In addition, the efficacy and safety of invasive coronary procedures for octogenarians with @entity1187 have not been well established. We compared the clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcome of 193 octogenarians (mean age, 83 years) with those of 1,462 younger @entity1 (mean age, 64 years) with @entity1187 who underwent emergent coronary angiography. Octogenarians included a greater number of females, had higher rates of @entity66 , a higher Killip class, a higher Forrester class, and lower rates of smoking, @entity6 , and @entity1007 than the younger subjects. Interventions, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were performed less frequently in octogenarians than in younger @entity1 (88.0% versus 90.8%). The procedural success rate in octogenarians did not differ from that in younger @entity1 . However, the in-hospital mortality rate for the octogenarians was about three times higher than for the younger @entity1 (19.2% versus 6.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the predictors of in-hospital mortality in the octogenarians were a higher Killip class and a higher Forrester class. Octogenarians with @entity1187 had fewer coronary risk factors and a similar success rate for the intervention, but had more greatly impaired hemodynamics and higher in-hospital mortality than the younger @entity1 . Therefore, impaired myocardial reserve may contribute to a large portion of in-hospital deaths in octogenarians with @entity1187 .

title: In-hospital outcome in octogenarians with XXXX undergoing emergent coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease and multivessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with @entity5816 , with special attention to their subtypes and anatomical relationship to the facial nerve. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care center. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 who underwent resection for anomalies of the first @entity2419 , with at least 1 year of follow-up, were included in the study. The data from all cases were collected in a prospective fashion, including immediate postoperative diagrams. INTERVENTION: Complete resection of the @entity5816 was performed in all cases. Wide exposure of the facial nerve was achieved using a modified Blair incision and superficial parotidectomy. @entity2103 monitoring was used in every case. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measurements were @entity2103 and incidence of recurrence after resection of the @entity5816 . RESULTS: Ten @entity1 , 6 females and 4 males,with a mean age of 9 years at presentation, were treated by the senior author (P.J.K.) between 1989 and 2001. The lesions were characterized as sinus tracts (n = 5), fistulous tracts (n = 3), and cysts (n = 2). Seven lesions were medial to the facial nerve, 2 were lateral to the facial nerve, and 1 was between branches of the facial nerve. There were no complications related to @entity2103 or @entity912 , and none of the @entity1 has had a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The successful treatment of @entity5816 requires a complete resection. A safe complete resection requires a full exposure of the facial nerve, as the lesions can be variably associated with the nerve.

title: Anatomical variations of the facial nerve in first XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paresis', 'Facial nerve', 'facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cleft']

entities_list: @entity5816 :: ('MESH:C562384', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cleft anomalies', 'branchial cleft anomaly']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity5816 :: (MESH:C562384,Disease) :: ['branchial cleft anomalies']


abstract: CONTEXT: In most @entity1 , @entity2150 results from T-cell-mediated immune destruction of bone marrow. @entity2150 can be effectively treated by stem cell transplantation or immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE: To assess long-term outcomes after immunosuppressive therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cohort of 122 @entity1 (31 were < or =18 years and 91 were >18 years) with severe @entity2150 , as determined by bone marrow cellularity and blood cell count criteria, were enrolled in a single-arm interventional research protocol from 1991 to 1998 at a federal government research hospital. INTERVENTIONS: A dose of 40 mg/kg per day of antithymocyte globulin administered for 4 days, 10 to 12 mg/kg per day of @entity205 for 6 months (adjusted for blood levels), and a short course of @entity288 (1 mg/d of @entity1667 for about 2 weeks). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival, improvement of @entity3043 and transfusion-independence, relapse, and evolution to other @entity1503 . RESULTS: Response rates were 60% at 3 months after initiation of treatment, 61% at 6 months, and 58% at 1 year. The blood cell counts of @entity1 who responded no longer satisfied severity criteria and they were transfusion-independent. Overall actuarial survival at 7 years was 55%. Survival was associated with early satisfaction of response criteria (86% vs 40% at 5 years; P<.001) and by blood counts at 3 months (reticulocyte count or platelet count of >50 x 10(3)/ microL predicted survival at 5 years of 90% [64/71] vs 42% [12/34] for @entity1 with less robust recovery [P<.001 by log-rank test]). There were no deaths among responders more than 3 years after treatment. Relapse was common, but severe @entity3043 usually did not recur. Relapse did not influence survival. Thirteen @entity1 showed evolution to other @entity1503 , including monosomy 7. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of @entity1 with severe @entity2150 treated with antithymocyte globulin and @entity205 have durable recovery and excellent long-term survival. These outcomes were related to the quality of hematologic recovery.

title: Antithymocyte globulin and @entity205 for severe XXXX : association between hematologic response and long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Aplastic anemia', 'aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: CONTEXT: In most @entity1 , @entity2150 results from T-cell-mediated immune destruction of bone marrow. @entity2150 can be effectively treated by stem cell transplantation or immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE: To assess long-term outcomes after immunosuppressive therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cohort of 122 @entity1 (31 were < or =18 years and 91 were >18 years) with severe @entity2150 , as determined by bone marrow cellularity and blood cell count criteria, were enrolled in a single-arm interventional research protocol from 1991 to 1998 at a federal government research hospital. INTERVENTIONS: A dose of 40 mg/kg per day of antithymocyte globulin administered for 4 days, 10 to 12 mg/kg per day of @entity205 for 6 months (adjusted for blood levels), and a short course of @entity288 (1 mg/d of @entity1667 for about 2 weeks). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival, improvement of @entity3043 and transfusion-independence, relapse, and evolution to other @entity1503 . RESULTS: Response rates were 60% at 3 months after initiation of treatment, 61% at 6 months, and 58% at 1 year. The blood cell counts of @entity1 who responded no longer satisfied severity criteria and they were transfusion-independent. Overall actuarial survival at 7 years was 55%. Survival was associated with early satisfaction of response criteria (86% vs 40% at 5 years; P<.001) and by blood counts at 3 months (reticulocyte count or platelet count of >50 x 10(3)/ microL predicted survival at 5 years of 90% [64/71] vs 42% [12/34] for @entity1 with less robust recovery [P<.001 by log-rank test]). There were no deaths among responders more than 3 years after treatment. Relapse was common, but severe @entity3043 usually did not recur. Relapse did not influence survival. Thirteen @entity1 showed evolution to other @entity1503 , including monosomy 7. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of @entity1 with severe @entity2150 treated with antithymocyte globulin and @entity205 have durable recovery and excellent long-term survival. These outcomes were related to the quality of hematologic recovery.

title: Antithymocyte globulin and XXXX for severe @entity2150 : association between hematologic response and long-term outcome.

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic biopsy for @entity75 offers high diagnostic yield with low morbidity. We compared two modalities of biopsy procedure, frame-based and frameless stereotaxy, either transfrontal or transcerebellar route. The benefits and operation considerations are discussed. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with intrinsic @entity75 diagnosed with stereotactic biopsy from August 2006 to March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Six of 10 @entity1 were approached with transfrontal route, whereas the other four @entity1 with transcerebellar route. Frame-based stereotaxy or frameless navigation system was applied. RESULTS: All lesions of the 10 @entity1 were successfully diagnosed with stereotactic biopsy procedure. There was no major morbidity after the procedure. CONCLUSION: A number of approaches are available for stereotactic brainstem biopsy. Surgical approach should be tailored, according to the location neurological function, with special concern for the @entity1 ' safety. In selected condition, frameless stereotaxy biopsy also provides competed diagnostic yield.

title: Stereotactic biopsy for XXXX : comparison of approaches and reports of 10 cases.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem lesion']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brainstem lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to present a case report demonstrating that vestibular evoked myogenic potentials originate from the saccular nerve. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. INTERVENTION: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are shown before and after operation in a @entity1 with a surgically confirmed superior @entity5513 (1.3 cm). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and postoperative audiometry, auditory brainstem response, caloric test, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes. RESULTS On preoperative audiometry, slight @entity1274 with normal auditory brainstem response could be detected. Caloric tests showed a reduced response of the right labyrinth. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were normal. The @entity5 was removed via a combined retrosigmoid and partial labyrinthectomy approach with the removal of the posterior semicircular canal. The facial, auditory, and inferior semicircular nerves were anatomically preserved. Postoperative audiometry revealed preservation of hearing and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials; caloric responses were now absent. CONCLUSION: The combined retrosigmoid and partial labyrinthectomy approach represents an ideal condition to study the influence of the saccular nerve on the origin of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. The maintenance of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses in our @entity1 supports the concept that the vestibular evoked myogenic potential originates in the saccule and is transmitted in the saccular nerve.

title: Preservation of the saccular nerve and of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential during XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bladder problems clinically present early in life as @entity600 that often lead to @entity177 and late in life as @entity2182 , @entity322 and @entity74 . We investigated the transcriptome of @entity19 @entity1494 at juvenile and adult stages by microarray to identify the pathways associated with normal, healthy growth and maturation. We hypothesized that understanding these pathways could be key to achieving bladder regeneration or reawakening normal function in the elderly population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA was isolated from the mucosa at 3, 6, 20 and 30 weeks postnatally. Affymetrix   @entity19 430 v2 arrays were used to profile the expression of approximately 45,000 genes. The software program Statistical Analysis of Microarrays was used to identify genes that significantly changed during the time course. RESULTS: No genes were significantly up-regulated during maturation. However, 66 well annotated genes demonstrated a statistically significant downward trend, of which 10 of 10 were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The main functions affected by age were transcription, regulation of cellular processes, neurogenesis, blood vessel development and cell differentiation. Notable genes included collagens, @entity5780 , @entity17652 and several transcription factors, including @entity24896 , @entity24832 , @entity52724 , @entity25734 , @entity21028 , @entity43441 and @entity31883 . These molecules were indirectly regulated by inferred @entity641 and Egf growth factors. Analysis of gene promoter regions for overrepresented upstream transcription factor binding sites identified specificity protein 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor-specific transcription factor as potentially major transcriptional regulators driving maturation related changes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify a coherent set of genes that appear to be down-regulated during urothelial maturation. These genes may represent an attractive target for bladder regeneration or for treating age related loss of function.

title: System level changes in gene expression in maturing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder mucosa']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder mucosa']


abstract: A case of @entity6401 is reported which was caused by @entity2708 pledgets after total removal of @entity1653 . A 46 year-old @entity1 was admitted on July 10, 1982, complaining of generalized @entity410 seizures. CT and cerebral angiography revealed a left @entity1653 . The @entity1653 was totally removed under the left frontoparietal osteoplastic craniotomy. Microscopical findings were @entity1653 without @entity5 . Despite the total removal, she developed two attacks of @entity410 . Cerebral CT revealed a slightly high density mass with contrast-enhancement where the @entity1653 had been removed. Re-operation was performed on July 16, 1983. There was a @entity738 with @entity2708 fibers surrounded by yellow capsule without residual or recurrent @entity1653 . Only two cases have ever been reported in the literature so far reviewed. The differential diagnosis of foreign body @entity738 is discussed and it is stressed to pay attention not to leave @entity2708 pledgets during operations.

title: [A case of foreign body @entity738 caused by XXXX pledgets that remained during intracranial operation].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'convulsion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['falx meningioma', 'meningotheliomatous meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity6401 :: ('MESH:D015745', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial foreign body granuloma']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: A case of @entity6401 is reported which was caused by @entity2708 pledgets after total removal of @entity1653 . A 46 year-old @entity1 was admitted on July 10, 1982, complaining of generalized @entity410 seizures. CT and cerebral angiography revealed a left @entity1653 . The @entity1653 was totally removed under the left frontoparietal osteoplastic craniotomy. Microscopical findings were @entity1653 without @entity5 . Despite the total removal, she developed two attacks of @entity410 . Cerebral CT revealed a slightly high density mass with contrast-enhancement where the @entity1653 had been removed. Re-operation was performed on July 16, 1983. There was a @entity738 with @entity2708 fibers surrounded by yellow capsule without residual or recurrent @entity1653 . Only two cases have ever been reported in the literature so far reviewed. The differential diagnosis of foreign body @entity738 is discussed and it is stressed to pay attention not to leave @entity2708 pledgets during operations.

title: [A case of foreign body XXXX caused by @entity2708 pledgets that remained during intracranial operation].

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity356 ( @entity356 ) incidence rates in the United States have decreased, the rates of @entity418 ( @entity418 ) and @entity420 ( @entity420 ) have increased. Obesity increases the risks of @entity418 and @entity420 , and the associations may be partially mediated by insulin resistance. A few case-control studies have shown an association between @entity6 and an increased risk of @entity420 . METHODS: We prospectively examined the association between @entity6 and @entity1820 in a cohort of 469,448 @entity1 in the United States, ages 50 to 71 at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR and 95% CI for @entity1820 , controlling for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: We observed no association of self-reported @entity6 with risk of @entity420 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0. @entity19 .31), @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ), HR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.60-1.74), or @entity356 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.70-1.37). However, @entity6 was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity418 , HR (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.43-2.50). The significant association between @entity6 and risk of @entity418 remained after adjustment for BMI, HR (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.28-2.26) and did not differ by BMI strata (P(interaction) = 0.83). The significant association was unchanged when restricting to only overweight subjects (BMI 25 to  <=30), HR (95% CI) = 1.83 (1.18-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between self-reported @entity6 and increased risk of @entity418 . IMPACT: Our results suggest that the metabolic and hormonal changes related to @entity6 may play a role in the etiology of @entity418 independently from BMI.

title: Prospective study of self-reported @entity6 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers', 'diabetes and UGI cancers']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['GCA', 'gastric cardia adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['EADC', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['GNCA', 'gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity356 ( @entity356 ) incidence rates in the United States have decreased, the rates of @entity418 ( @entity418 ) and @entity420 ( @entity420 ) have increased. Obesity increases the risks of @entity418 and @entity420 , and the associations may be partially mediated by insulin resistance. A few case-control studies have shown an association between @entity6 and an increased risk of @entity420 . METHODS: We prospectively examined the association between @entity6 and @entity1820 in a cohort of 469,448 @entity1 in the United States, ages 50 to 71 at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR and 95% CI for @entity1820 , controlling for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: We observed no association of self-reported @entity6 with risk of @entity420 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0. @entity19 .31), @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ), HR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.60-1.74), or @entity356 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.70-1.37). However, @entity6 was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity418 , HR (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.43-2.50). The significant association between @entity6 and risk of @entity418 remained after adjustment for BMI, HR (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.28-2.26) and did not differ by BMI strata (P(interaction) = 0.83). The significant association was unchanged when restricting to only overweight subjects (BMI 25 to  <=30), HR (95% CI) = 1.83 (1.18-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between self-reported @entity6 and increased risk of @entity418 . IMPACT: Our results suggest that the metabolic and hormonal changes related to @entity6 may play a role in the etiology of @entity418 independently from BMI.

title: Prospective study of self-reported XXXX and risk of @entity1820 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1448 is characterized by @entity2383 , associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased activities of respiratory chain complexes, and @entity855 production. Our aim was to determine the molecular mechanisms that link long-term @entity1448 to @entity2383 . We studied a model of chronic @entity1448 induced by bile duct ligation in @entity35 . Key sensors and regulators of the energetic state and mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-to-nuclear DNA (nDNA) ratio (mtDNA/nDNA) relative copy number, mtDNA deletions, and indexes of apoptosis ( @entity2310 , @entity1976 , and cleaved caspase 3) and cell proliferation (PCNA) were evaluated. Our results show that long-term @entity1448 is associated with absence of activation of key sensors of the energetic state, evidenced by decreased @entity19310 and @entity2388 dehydrogenase kinase levels and lack of AMPK activation. Key mitochondrial biogenesis regulators ( @entity6229 and @entity72630 ) decreased and @entity34810 was not transcriptionally active. Mitochondrial transcription factor A ( @entity15412 ) protein levels increased transiently in liver mitochondria at 2 wk after bile duct ligation, but they dramatically decreased at 4 wk. Reduced @entity15412 levels at this stage were mirrored by a marked decrease (65%) in mtDNA/nDNA relative copy number. The blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis should not be ascribed to activation of apoptosis or inhibition of cell proliferation. @entity2383 and loss of the DNA stabilizing effect of @entity15412 are likely the causative event involved in the genetic instability evidenced by accumulation of mtDNA deletions. In conclusion, the lack of stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis leads to mtDNA severe depletion and deletions in long-term @entity1448 . Hence, long-term @entity1448 should be considered a secondary mitochondrial hepatopathy.

title: Mitochondrial biogenesis fails in secondary biliary cirrhosis in XXXX leading to mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletions.

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic cholestasis', 'cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'Impaired mitochondrial turnover']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effect of @entity440 upon cellular DNA ploidy in @entity0 was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), in a prospective group of 77 @entity1 with primary operable disease. Each had a needle biopsy at the outpatient visit for diagnosis and FCM analysis, and definitive surgery was performed a median of 8 days later. Forty received @entity440 during this period - 40 mg qds loading dose for 24 h, followed by 20 mg daily until the day of operation: 37 @entity1 received no therapy. The DNA histogram from the needle biopsy was compared with that obtained from the resected @entity5 for each individual. There was little change between the pair of histograms from @entity5 from the untreated @entity1 . In those who had received @entity440 the most consistent effect was a marked reduction in the magnitude of the 'tetraploid' peak in tetraploid or near- @entity5 with DNA indices 1.8-2.0. There was little change in diploid or 'other DNA-aneuploid' @entity5 . In @entity5 (DNA index of 2.0) the percentage of nuclei in the diploid S phase was significantly related to the percentage of nuclei in the diploid G2 + M/tetraploid G1 peak (P less than 0.003, unpaired t test). These data suggest that an effect of @entity440 can be demonstrated by FCM upon @entity5 exhibiting a tetraploid or near-tetraploid DNA content. It is possible that tetraploid or near-tetraploid @entity1 mammary @entity5 may be a distinct group of endocrine responsive @entity5 within the overall group of @entity5 , and that the majority are probably derived from the diploid population rather than being a true aneuploid population.

title: Effect of @entity440 upon cell DNA analysis by flow cytometry in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tetraploid tumours', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: The effect of @entity440 upon cellular DNA ploidy in @entity0 was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), in a prospective group of 77 @entity1 with primary operable disease. Each had a needle biopsy at the outpatient visit for diagnosis and FCM analysis, and definitive surgery was performed a median of 8 days later. Forty received @entity440 during this period - 40 mg qds loading dose for 24 h, followed by 20 mg daily until the day of operation: 37 @entity1 received no therapy. The DNA histogram from the needle biopsy was compared with that obtained from the resected @entity5 for each individual. There was little change between the pair of histograms from @entity5 from the untreated @entity1 . In those who had received @entity440 the most consistent effect was a marked reduction in the magnitude of the 'tetraploid' peak in tetraploid or near- @entity5 with DNA indices 1.8-2.0. There was little change in diploid or 'other DNA-aneuploid' @entity5 . In @entity5 (DNA index of 2.0) the percentage of nuclei in the diploid S phase was significantly related to the percentage of nuclei in the diploid G2 + M/tetraploid G1 peak (P less than 0.003, unpaired t test). These data suggest that an effect of @entity440 can be demonstrated by FCM upon @entity5 exhibiting a tetraploid or near-tetraploid DNA content. It is possible that tetraploid or near-tetraploid @entity1 mammary @entity5 may be a distinct group of endocrine responsive @entity5 within the overall group of @entity5 , and that the majority are probably derived from the diploid population rather than being a true aneuploid population.

title: Effect of XXXX upon cell DNA analysis by flow cytometry in primary @entity0 .

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: The use of an ipsilateral or a contralateral rectus abdominis muscle as a pedicle and comparison of their advantages and disadvantages in @entity20231 flap breast reconstruction have been reported in the literature. In our clinical experience with 22 pedicled @entity20231 flap breast reconstructions, the use of either an ipsilateral or contralateral pedicle was found to be equivocal regarding the flap viability and the aesthetic outcome. Thus, it seems better to decide their use according to the needs of an individual @entity1 . In our series, the contralateral pedicled @entity20231 flap with a vertical flap inset was preferred in @entity1 with a small opposite breast or in @entity1 with infraclavicular tissue losses (four @entity1 ). The ipsilateral pedicled @entity20231 flap reconstruction with a horizontal flap inset was preferred in @entity1 with a full and attractive opposite breast, unless they received adjuvant radiotherapy (six @entity1 ). In @entity1 who received adjuvant radiotherapy the contralateral pedicle was used regardless of the inset model preferred (10 @entity1 ). Bilateral @entity20231 flap breast reconstruction was applied in one of our cases, which is not included in the three categories above mentioned. The aesthetic outcome was determined by analyzing a @entity1 satisfaction questionnaire. Overall satisfaction was achieved in 17 @entity1 . Four @entity1 were dissatisfied. We think that choosing the correct flap inset model is one of the most important factors in achieving a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. Choosing the correct pedicle regarding the type of the flap inset model is equally important to facilitate technical ease during flap transposition and to improve flap survival.

title: The use of the ipsilateral versus contralateral pedicle and vertical versus horizontal flap inset models in XXXX flap breast reconstruction: the aesthetic outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity20231 :: (23471,Gene) :: ['TRAM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The assessment of health related quality of life (HRQOL) has increasingly been recognized as an important adjunct to medical outcome parameters in the monitoring of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 and in clinical studies. The @entity1577 Questionnaire (CFQ) is a disease-specific HRQOL instrument for @entity1577 @entity1 developed in France. Translations are currently being validated in four different countries. The aim of the present study was to validate the German adaptation of the CFQ-14+. METHOD: On the basis of results from a first dataset (n = 197 @entity1577 adolescent and adult @entity1 ), revisions were made and retested in a second sample of 103 @entity1 . RESULTS: The final revised version showed good construct validity. The same nine HRQOL domains as in the French original CFQ-14+ emerged from the analyses as structurally robust scales. The internal consistencies of the HRQOL scales ranged from 0.71 to 0.94. The instrument's clinical validity was supported by severely ill @entity1 reporting lower HRQOL than less severely ill @entity1 on most scales. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the evidence supports the validity and reliability of the instrument. An important future area of application is the use in comparative multi-center international studies.

title: The revised German XXXX Questionnaire: validation of a disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic Fibrosis', 'cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']