abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundConcurrent ipsilateral @entity174 of the proximal and shaft of the femur are rare complex @entity174 combinations. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated clinical and radiological long-term results after operative treatment using several surgical strategies: the so-called   rendezvous   surgical technique, e.g., the combination of retrograde intramedullary nailing and @entity572 ( @entity572 ) osteosynthesis, or the all-in-one device technique, e.g., long cephalomedullary nail, compared with two non-overlapping implants (e.g., conventional technique).MethodsIn a 10-year-period from 2004 to 2013, we treated 65 @entity1 with @entity3330 . Median age was 45  years (range 19  90 years). @entity174 were classified according to the AO/OTA classification. Four @entity1 died during intensive care unit treatment due to @entity881 prior to definitive osteosynthesis. Clinical long-term outcome using the functional system of Friedman/Wyman as well as radiological outcome was evaluated 2  years after @entity130 (range 13  42 months).ResultsAll-in-one device was used in 36 @entity1 ,   rendezvous   technique in 9 @entity1 , and the conventional technique in the remaining 16 @entity1 . Two years after @entity130 , complete @entity174 healing was found in 57 out of 61 @entity1 (  rendezvous  : 9, all-in-one device: 33, conventional: 15; p-value: 0.66). There was no significant difference regarding the complication rate in the cohort groups (  rendezvous  : 3, all-in-one device: 13, conventional: 5; p-value: 0.94). Using the functional assessment system of Friedman/Wyman 2  years after @entity130 , a good clinical result was found in 77.7% in the   rendezvous   group, in 77.8% in the all-in-one device group, and in 75% in the conventional group.ConclusionThe indication for operative stabilization of @entity3330 is considered an urgent and emergency procedure. Based on the successful long-term results of this study, we prefer the   rendezvous   technique with @entity174 stabilization from distally to proximally. Both @entity174 components require stable fixation. It is advisable to stabilize the shaft @entity174 primarily using external fixation (damage control orthopedics) and the @entity3330 using early definitive internal fixation. In a second and staged operation, the external fixator is removed and the shaft @entity174 is stabilized using retrograde nail osteosynthesis with overlapping of the @entity572 and nail implants.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Fractures']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic hip screw', 'DHS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['proximal femoral fracture', 'complex ipsilateral multi-level femoral fractures', 'ipsilateral multi-level femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral multi-level femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity547 ( @entity547 ) is among the most common @entity260 after abdominal surgery. @entity34 ( @entity34 ) using mesh is the treatment of choice. A strategy of watchful waiting (WW) might be a considered in some @entity1 . This retrospective study compares the outcomes of WW and @entity34 . METHODS: All @entity1 presenting with @entity547 in an academic surgery department between January 2004 and December 2009 were analyzed according to whether they were treated by WW or @entity34 . Crossovers between both groups were also analyzed. @entity1 characteristics, information about the initial abdominal operative procedure, symptoms at presentation, and characteristics of the @entity547 were collected retrospectively. In case of @entity260 were analyzed. RESULT: In total, 255 @entity1 were included; 151 (59%) in the @entity34 group and 104 (41%) in WW group. The median follow-up was 68  months (interquartile range [IQR], 52-93). The reasons for WW were the absence of symptoms in 34 @entity1 (33%), comorbidities in 24 (23%), and @entity28 in 23 (22%). During follow-up, 34 @entity1 (33%) crossed over from WW to @entity34 . Eight of the crossovers (24%) were emergency repairs owing to incarceration at a median of 1  month (IQR, 1-5) after the start of WW. The incidence of unexpected intraoperative intestinal perforation was greater in the crossover group (13%) compared with the @entity34 group (2%; P  =  .002). @entity86 were seen in 7% of @entity1 who crossed over from WW to @entity34 versus 0% in primary @entity34 (P  =  .002). Postoperatively, 3 @entity1 died, 2 of whom were treated operatively after belonging initially to the WW group. CONCLUSION: WW for @entity547 leads to high crossover rates with significantly greater incidence of intraoperative perforations, fistulas, and mortality, than in the @entity34 group, particularly in @entity1 who require emergency repair of @entity547 owing to incarceration.

title: Watchful waiting in incisional XXXX : Is it safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'OT, postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative fistulas']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Incisional hernia', 'IH']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['OT', 'Operative treatment']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: In 6 @entity235 the @entity572 was experimentally replaced using a ceramic stepped-stem prosthetic device implanted in the thigh bone. In six other @entity235 V4A steel stepped-stem prosthetic devices inserted in the arm bone was used for replacing shoulder joint. The six devices replacing the shoulder joint healed up without complications and proved to be mechanically stable. From six devices replacing the @entity572 only one was successful; the remaining five implants did not heal up due to @entity174 of the stem, @entity1349 in the thigh bone and @entity4034 . We suggest that these different results are based not on the different material, but on the different conditions characteristic for each implantation sites. The devices implanted in the arm bone of the @entity235 , corresponding to the conditions in @entity1 , were stressed mainly by pressure and pull. In such conditions the newly formed bone tissue anchoring in the steps on the stem stabilized the device. On the other hand, the biomechanical load on the @entity572 replacing device in the @entity235 is represented mainly by rotation at stress, for which the devices are not conceived. The stepped profile of the stem can not work; it twists in the thigh bone and remains unstable causing consequences such as @entity174 , @entity4034 and @entity1349 . For experimental testing of bone and joint replacing prosthetic devices of cementless anchoring systems replacing @entity1 @entity572 and thigh bone we recommend the shoulder joint of the @entity235 instead of @entity572 , because of the comparable biomechanics.

title: [Testing of cementless stepped-stem prosthetic devices replacing the hip shoulder joint of the XXXX . Comparison of two animal models (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['loosening']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3822 is associated with thickening, @entity82 or @entity32 of the pericardium which can lead to signs of right @entity409 . It is usually a chronic process which can present in a variety of ways. We present two cases of @entity3822 discovered during the investigation of a @entity1143 . OBSERVATION: The cases represent two sorts of @entity3822 , chronic and due to @entity2294 . Their common feature was an increase in dyspnoea and a new @entity1143 on the left side. Their difference lies in the presence of a thickened calcified pericardium in one case and the presence of a pericardial effusion in the other. In both cases, non-invasive investigation failed to diagnose any @entity299 . The presence of @entity3822 was confirmed by right heart catheterization. Treatment by subtotal pericardectomy was effective. CONCLUSION: The thoracic manifestations of @entity3822 are most commonly recurring bilateral @entity1143 . The mode of presentation may be an exudative, or transudative effusion. Unilateral @entity456 , @entity82 , chylothorax or @entity5 like presentations may occur. A diagnosis of @entity3822 should be considered in these clinical contexts and an examination of the pericardium performed. Cardiac catheterization can help in the differential diagnosis.

title: [Unilateral transudative XXXX and constritive pericarditis.]

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions', 'left-sided pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis', 'Constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural involvement']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of @entity8312 in @entity19 models of @entity308 . METHODS: Antidepressant effects of @entity8312 were first detected in the forced swim test (FST) and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), and further assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Changes in the @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) signaling pathway and in hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and @entity8312 treatment were then investigated. A @entity6635 hydroxylase inhibitor and @entity9140 signaling inhibitors were also used to determine the mechanisms of @entity8312 . RESULTS: @entity8312 exhibited potent antidepressant effects in the FST and @entity1062 without affecting locomotor activity. @entity8312 also prevented the CSDS-induced symptoms. Moreover, @entity8312 completely restored the CSDS-induced decrease of @entity9140 signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, a blockade of the @entity9140 signaling pathway prevented the antidepressant effects of @entity8312 , while @entity8312 produced no influence on the monoaminergic system. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence that @entity8312 has antidepressant effects, and this was mediated by promoting the @entity9140 signaling pathway.

title: XXXX Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in @entity19 Through Promotion of @entity9140 Signaling Pathway.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramethylpyrazine']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'tail suspension test']

answer: @entity19316 :: (MESH:C017953,Chemical) :: ['Tetramethylpyrazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of @entity8312 in @entity19 models of @entity308 . METHODS: Antidepressant effects of @entity8312 were first detected in the forced swim test (FST) and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), and further assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Changes in the @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) signaling pathway and in hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and @entity8312 treatment were then investigated. A @entity6635 hydroxylase inhibitor and @entity9140 signaling inhibitors were also used to determine the mechanisms of @entity8312 . RESULTS: @entity8312 exhibited potent antidepressant effects in the FST and @entity1062 without affecting locomotor activity. @entity8312 also prevented the CSDS-induced symptoms. Moreover, @entity8312 completely restored the CSDS-induced decrease of @entity9140 signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, a blockade of the @entity9140 signaling pathway prevented the antidepressant effects of @entity8312 , while @entity8312 produced no influence on the monoaminergic system. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence that @entity8312 has antidepressant effects, and this was mediated by promoting the @entity9140 signaling pathway.

title: @entity19316 Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in @entity19 Through Promotion of XXXX Signaling Pathway.

answer: @entity9140 :: (12064(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of @entity8312 in @entity19 models of @entity308 . METHODS: Antidepressant effects of @entity8312 were first detected in the forced swim test (FST) and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), and further assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Changes in the @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) signaling pathway and in hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and @entity8312 treatment were then investigated. A @entity6635 hydroxylase inhibitor and @entity9140 signaling inhibitors were also used to determine the mechanisms of @entity8312 . RESULTS: @entity8312 exhibited potent antidepressant effects in the FST and @entity1062 without affecting locomotor activity. @entity8312 also prevented the CSDS-induced symptoms. Moreover, @entity8312 completely restored the CSDS-induced decrease of @entity9140 signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, a blockade of the @entity9140 signaling pathway prevented the antidepressant effects of @entity8312 , while @entity8312 produced no influence on the monoaminergic system. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence that @entity8312 has antidepressant effects, and this was mediated by promoting the @entity9140 signaling pathway.

title: @entity19316 Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in XXXX Through Promotion of @entity9140 Signaling Pathway.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Controversy exists concerning the need for operative repair of the deltoid ligament during management of acute @entity1171 . The purpose of our report was to identify the indications for surgical intervention for deltoid ligament injury in the setting of @entity1171 . Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate the clinical outcomes after deltoid ligament repair in this setting. This was a multicenter study, involving 4 clinical institutions. From January 2006 to December 2011, 1533 @entity1171 underwent surgical intervention. Of this group, 131 deltoid ligament ruptures (8.55%) were identified and repaired operatively. Of the 131 @entity1 , 74 were male (56.5%) and 57 were female (43.5%), with a mean age of 33.2 (range 16 to 63) years. The outcome measures included the clinical examination findings, radiographic findings, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item questionnaire scores. All incisions healed primarily. A total of 106 @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 12  (range 12 to 72)  months, with an average follow-up period of 27  months. The mean interval to @entity174 union was 14.5 (range 9 to 16) weeks. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score at the latest follow-up visit was 91.4 (range 83 to 100) points. The mean visual analog scale score was 1.2 (range 0 to 6) points. The mean Short Form-36 score was 91.2 (range 80 to 96) points. Compared with the preoperative scores, all the 3 outcome measures had improved significantly postoperatively (p < .05). The postoperative stress radiographs did not reveal any ankle instability. None had evidence of post-traumatic @entity625 of the ankle from the clinical examination and radiographs. A reasonable clinical evaluation and surgical repair was executed, with an appropriate repair technique chosen according to the site of deltoid ligament rupture. The results of the present multicenter study have shown that deltoid ligament rupture can be repaired in @entity1 with an unstable medial ankle after @entity174 fixation and prevent ankle stabilization-related complications.

title: Repair of the Acute Deltoid Ligament Complex Rupture Associated with XXXX : A Multicenter Clinical Study.

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['Ankle Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity227 and mortality has been controversial. Moreover, literature on the relationship was very limited in the Asian population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity227 increases the 3-year risk of mortality in a cohort of urban Chinese elderly individuals. METHODS: @entity1 in the Shihpai Eye Study, who were aged >= 65 years, with a baseline examination conducted between July 1, 1999 and December 31, 2000, were recruited for the current study. The total number of possible @entity1 identified was 4750. Of those, 3746 @entity1 were eligible, and 2045 @entity1 were randomly selected to be invited to participate in the study. Of those 2045 individuals, 1361 (66.6%) participated in both the questionnaire and eye examination. A follow-up of a fixed cohort was also conducted after 3 years. The death of any @entity1 was confirmed through the household registration system. RESULTS: Of the 1361 @entity1 included at baseline, 54 (3.97%) died prior to the 3-year follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that mortality was significantly associated with a fall history [relative risk (RR): 2.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.08-3.98] and a history of @entity6 (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.03-3.95). @entity227 was not a significant predictor of mortality after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION: After adjustments were made for age, gender, education, marital status, lifestyle factors, @entity308 symptoms, fall history, and history of @entity262 , @entity227 was not a significant predictor of 3-year mortality in elderly @entity1 .

title: The association of XXXX and 3-year mortality among the elderly in Taiwan: The Shihpai Eye Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual impairment', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data are scarce about ICU @entity1 with @entity5 and severe @entity1151 . Here, our main objective was to identify risk factors for life-threatening complications, organ failures, and @entity204 in ICU @entity1 with severe @entity1151 , with special attention to the impact of @entity5 . We also described the clinical features of PE in @entity1 with and without @entity5 . METHODS: Data from consecutive adults admitted to our ICU in 2002-2011 with severe @entity1151 were collected retrospectively. Multivariate analysis was performed to look for factors associated with @entity204 , organ failures, or life-threatening complications ( @entity548 , recurrent PE, and @entity1167 ). RESULTS: Of 119 included @entity1 (42 [35%] with bilateral @entity1151 ), 41 had solid @entity5 , 27 @entity1583 , and 51 no @entity5 . The most common symptoms were @entity1163 (40%) and hemoptysis (18%) in @entity1 with solid and @entity1583 , respectively. Life-threatening complications occurred in 23 (19%) @entity1 ; risk factors were @entity28 (OR, 13.22; 1.93-90.70), disseminated @entity5642 / @entity99 (OR, 27.06; 5.14-142.46), fluid load >= 1000mL/24h (OR, 6.42; 1.60-25.76), and solid @entity5 (OR, 5.45; 1.15-25.89). Inhospital mortality was 27/119 (23%) and respiratory or @entity1457 developed in 36 (30%) @entity1 . Risk factors for these adverse outcomes were older age (OR, 1.04/year; 1.01-1.07), higher @entity26 flow rate (OR, 1.28/L; 1.13-1.45); and @entity177 (OR, 8.08; 2.50-26.11); whereas @entity662 was protective (OR, 0.13; 0.04-0.48). CONCLUSION: In this study, solid @entity5 was a risk factor for life-threatening complications but not for @entity204 .

title: Life-Threatening Complications and Outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Malignancies and Severe Pulmonary Embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data are scarce about ICU @entity1 with @entity5 and severe @entity1151 . Here, our main objective was to identify risk factors for life-threatening complications, organ failures, and @entity204 in ICU @entity1 with severe @entity1151 , with special attention to the impact of @entity5 . We also described the clinical features of PE in @entity1 with and without @entity5 . METHODS: Data from consecutive adults admitted to our ICU in 2002-2011 with severe @entity1151 were collected retrospectively. Multivariate analysis was performed to look for factors associated with @entity204 , organ failures, or life-threatening complications ( @entity548 , recurrent PE, and @entity1167 ). RESULTS: Of 119 included @entity1 (42 [35%] with bilateral @entity1151 ), 41 had solid @entity5 , 27 @entity1583 , and 51 no @entity5 . The most common symptoms were @entity1163 (40%) and hemoptysis (18%) in @entity1 with solid and @entity1583 , respectively. Life-threatening complications occurred in 23 (19%) @entity1 ; risk factors were @entity28 (OR, 13.22; 1.93-90.70), disseminated @entity5642 / @entity99 (OR, 27.06; 5.14-142.46), fluid load >= 1000mL/24h (OR, 6.42; 1.60-25.76), and solid @entity5 (OR, 5.45; 1.15-25.89). Inhospital mortality was 27/119 (23%) and respiratory or @entity1457 developed in 36 (30%) @entity1 . Risk factors for these adverse outcomes were older age (OR, 1.04/year; 1.01-1.07), higher @entity26 flow rate (OR, 1.28/L; 1.13-1.45); and @entity177 (OR, 8.08; 2.50-26.11); whereas @entity662 was protective (OR, 0.13; 0.04-0.48). CONCLUSION: In this study, solid @entity5 was a risk factor for life-threatening complications but not for @entity204 .

title: Life-Threatening Complications and Outcomes in XXXX with @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent complication of @entity82 and it has been associated to more severe disease and development of complications. Phase angle is a bedside reliable tool for nutritional assessment based on conductivity properties of body tissues. AIM: To evaluate the association between @entity3147 assessed through phase angle and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1575 . METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care centre; 249 @entity1 were enrolled with 48 months of follow-up. Clinical, nutritional ( @entity3147 =phase angle <=4.9  ) and biochemical evaluations were performed. Student's t-test and   (2) method were used as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate mortality. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 33.5 months. Survival analysis showed higher mortality in the malnourished group compared to the well-nourished group (p=0.076), Kaplan-Meier curves were further stratified according to compensated and decompensated status showing higher mortality in compensated @entity1 according to @entity1 -Pugh (p=0.002) and Model for End-Stage @entity409 score (p=0.008) when @entity3147 was present. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity3147 was independently associated with mortality (HR=2.15, 1.18-3.92). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, @entity3147 was independently associated with mortality. This is the first study showing higher mortality in malnourished compensated cirrhotic @entity1 .

title: Malnutrition assessed through phase angle and its relation to prognosis in @entity1 with compensated XXXX : A prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent complication of @entity82 and it has been associated to more severe disease and development of complications. Phase angle is a bedside reliable tool for nutritional assessment based on conductivity properties of body tissues. AIM: To evaluate the association between @entity3147 assessed through phase angle and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1575 . METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care centre; 249 @entity1 were enrolled with 48 months of follow-up. Clinical, nutritional ( @entity3147 =phase angle <=4.9  ) and biochemical evaluations were performed. Student's t-test and   (2) method were used as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate mortality. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 33.5 months. Survival analysis showed higher mortality in the malnourished group compared to the well-nourished group (p=0.076), Kaplan-Meier curves were further stratified according to compensated and decompensated status showing higher mortality in compensated @entity1 according to @entity1 -Pugh (p=0.002) and Model for End-Stage @entity409 score (p=0.008) when @entity3147 was present. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity3147 was independently associated with mortality (HR=2.15, 1.18-3.92). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, @entity3147 was independently associated with mortality. This is the first study showing higher mortality in malnourished compensated cirrhotic @entity1 .

title: Malnutrition assessed through phase angle and its relation to prognosis in XXXX with compensated @entity1575 : A prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Chishaodanpi decoction (CSDPD) on chronic viral @entity1448 . METHODS: A total of 107 subjects with chronic viral @entity1448 were enrolled in our hospital from March 2007 to November 2012. @entity1 were randomly divided into treatment (54 cases) and control groups (53 cases). The control group was treated with potassium magnesium aspartate, diammonium glycyrrhizinate, glucurolactone, vitamin C, and lamivudine, once a day. The treatment group was treated with modified CSDPD, 100 mL a time, twice a day, in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The @entity1 in both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The main symptoms and signs were recorded every day throughout the clinical trial. Before and after the trial, changes in liver function including total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), total bile acid (TBA), and the activities of @entity623 ( @entity623 ), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), @entity6571 ( @entity6571 ), and y-glutamyl transferase (y-GT), were all detected. Adverse reactions were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no differences in gender, age, disease duration, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings between the two groups (P > 0.05). After an 8-week treatment, improvements in @entity1087 , @entity425 , poor appetite, abdominal distention, and skin itching were significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, 43 @entity1 had a significant response to the treatment, seven @entity1 had a response, and four @entity1 had no response, with 21, 12, and 20 @entity1 in the control group, respectively. The total effective rate was 92.6% in the treatment group and 62.3% in the control group, which was a significant difference (P < 0.05). The levels of TBil, DBil, TBA, @entity623 , ALT, @entity6571 , and y-GT in both groups were significantly lower after treatment, and were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). A few @entity1 in the treatment group had mild adverse effects such as @entity910 frequency and mild @entity158 . No other adverse reactions were observed in either group.

title: Clinical study on treatment of chronic viral XXXX with chishaodanpi decoction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6571 :: ('26503', 'Gene') :: ['AST', 'aspartate aminotransferase']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['increased bowel movement']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['stomach-ache']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestatic hepatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is no definition of flare in @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate thresholds of disease activity variations using validated composite indexes. METHODS: @entity1691 @entity1 (ASAS criteria) prospectively followed with at least two visits, were evaluated. @entity1 and physician answered at each visit the question: "do you consider your @entity1691 / @entity1 in a state of flare?". Variations of BASDAI and ASDAS between visits were assessed and associated to the change of perception of a flare (yes/no). ROC curves were built to assess thresholds of variation in BASDAI and ASDAS associated with the change flare between visits. RESULTS: The @entity1 were issued from a prospective series of 250 @entity1691 . Ninety-nine cases with at least 2 visits were analysed. They were: 67% @entity1 , mean age 45  12 years; disease duration: 16  10 years; 84% @entity1530 positive; purely axial @entity1691 : 81%; PASS at baseline: 56%; mean CRP: 8.6  13.5mg/l. Mean BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP at baseline were 4.3  2.2 and 2.5  1.1, respectively. The kappa coefficient of agreement between @entity1 and physician for considering a flare was 0.68. The main results of the ROC curves are: a variation >= 2.1 units in BASDAI (sensitivity 59%, specificity 83%), 0.8 units in ASDAS-ESR (sen 56%, spe 91%) or 1.3 units in ASDAS-CRP (sen 47%, spe 100%) is associated to a flare. CONCLUSION: We propose thresholds of variations of BASDAI, ASDAS-ESR, and ASDAS-CRP associated to (and that may define) a flare, as considered by the @entity1 and the physician.

title: Flare in XXXX : Thresholds of disease activity variations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis', 'SpA']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['spondyloarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature of the chronic @entity1781 without @entity1952 . METHODS: Retrospective cases series study. The clinical data of 25 @entity1 (37 eyes) with chronic @entity1781 without @entity1952 , treated in Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October, 2005 to March, 2014, were collected. Those @entity1 had been showing visual symptoms for 6 months or longer, but missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as other @entity2194 due to their normal or slightly changed fundi. The collected data including visual acuities, visual fields, neuroimaging and/or pathologic diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 25 @entity1 , there were 5 males and 20 females, and their ages range from 9 to 74 years [average (47.5    13.4) years]. All @entity1 suffered progressive @entity2194 , without @entity2358 . Except one @entity1 had a @entity10 , other @entity1 did not show systemic symptoms. The corrected visual acuities were between HM to 1.0, and their appearances of optic discs and colors of fundi were normal. After neuroimaging and/or pathological examination, it was proven that 14 @entity1 suffered @entity1653 , 5 @entity1 with hypophysoma, 3 @entity1 with @entity1781 in orbital apex, 1 @entity1 with @entity2477 , 1 @entity1 with @entity1462 in orbital apex and 1 @entity1 with @entity5150 . Among the 19 @entity1 whose suffered occupied lesions of saddle area, 14 @entity1 underwent visual field examinations, and only 4 @entity1 showed classic @entity227 caused by optic chiasmal lesions. CONCLUSION: Occult progressive @entity227 was the most important clinical feature of the disease.

title: [Clinical feature of chronic @entity1781 without XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision in single eye or both eyes', 'eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos or abnormal eye movements']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve sheath meningioma', 'compressive optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve glioma']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1952 :: (MESH:D009896,Disease) :: ['optic atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature of the chronic @entity1781 without @entity1952 . METHODS: Retrospective cases series study. The clinical data of 25 @entity1 (37 eyes) with chronic @entity1781 without @entity1952 , treated in Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October, 2005 to March, 2014, were collected. Those @entity1 had been showing visual symptoms for 6 months or longer, but missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as other @entity2194 due to their normal or slightly changed fundi. The collected data including visual acuities, visual fields, neuroimaging and/or pathologic diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 25 @entity1 , there were 5 males and 20 females, and their ages range from 9 to 74 years [average (47.5    13.4) years]. All @entity1 suffered progressive @entity2194 , without @entity2358 . Except one @entity1 had a @entity10 , other @entity1 did not show systemic symptoms. The corrected visual acuities were between HM to 1.0, and their appearances of optic discs and colors of fundi were normal. After neuroimaging and/or pathological examination, it was proven that 14 @entity1 suffered @entity1653 , 5 @entity1 with hypophysoma, 3 @entity1 with @entity1781 in orbital apex, 1 @entity1 with @entity2477 , 1 @entity1 with @entity1462 in orbital apex and 1 @entity1 with @entity5150 . Among the 19 @entity1 whose suffered occupied lesions of saddle area, 14 @entity1 underwent visual field examinations, and only 4 @entity1 showed classic @entity227 caused by optic chiasmal lesions. CONCLUSION: Occult progressive @entity227 was the most important clinical feature of the disease.

title: [Clinical feature of chronic XXXX without @entity1952 .]

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['compressive optic neuropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The detection rate of incidental renal masses is increasing. Historically these masses have been treated with extirpative surgery. Hence, there is little information on the growth rate, metastatic potential, and natural history of @entity703 . Through active surveillance, we study the natural history of renal masses and determine their growth rate and risk for @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2007, active surveillance was offered to select @entity1 with renal masses with no evidence of @entity3 . Based on imaging studies from the initial diagnosis to the last follow up, @entity5 growth rates were determined. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were studied for a total of 58 masses. Mean age of @entity1 at diagnosis was 64.3 years. Mean Charlson comorbidity score was 5.2 (median 5, range 2-13). Mean follow up period was 22 months (median 17, range 5-121). Mean initial @entity5 volume was 6.6 cm3 (median 2.7, range 0.03-43.2). Mean growth rate was 1.9 cm3/yr (median 0.1, range -3.8-27.9), and 6.8% had a volume doubling time of less than 1 year. No @entity1 developed radiographic evidence of @entity3 or died during follow up. Thirteen @entity1 (15 masses) went onto operative intervention at a mean follow up of 19 months (median 18, range 4-36); 10/15 (67%) revealed @entity1358 and 5/15 (33%) were benign. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, negligible growth rates are observed in the vast majority of renal masses undergoing active surveillance, and thus, a carefully selected @entity1 population may be safely managed with active surveillance with serial imaging.

title: Estimated volume growth characteristics of XXXX undergoing active surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and cost of @entity8425 and standardized biofeedback training in females with @entity1241 METHODS: Thirty-six females suffering from @entity1241 were randomized into two groups, matched for mean age (67.45        7.2  years), mean body mass index (kg/m(2)) (26.2        3.9), mean disease duration (4.1        0.8  years), mean number of births (2.7        1.3), and reports of @entity130 (25  %). Questionnaires were used to evaluate their demographics, medical, and childbearing history. Subjects were randomized to @entity8425 or standardized biofeedback training for a period of 6  weeks. Subjective outcome measures included the frequency of fecal, urine, and gas @entity322 by visual analog scale, Vaizey @entity322 score, and subjects' levels of @entity1241 related @entity148 . Objective outcome measures included pelvic floor muscle strength assessed by surface electromyography. We also compared the cost of each treatment modality. RESULTS: Only females who received @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) reported a significant improvement in Vaizey @entity322 score (p   =   0.001), @entity148 (p   =   0.046), and in frequency of leaked solid stool (p   =   0.013). A significant improvement in pelvic floor muscle strength was achieved by both groups. @entity8425 was much cheaper compared to the cost of standardized biofeedback training (SBT) (US 100 vs. US 220, respectively). Our study comprised a small female population, and the study endpoints did not include objective measures of anorectal function test, such as anorectal manometry, before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Home electrical stimulation may offer an alternative to standardized biofeedback training as it is effective and generally well-tolerated therapy for females with @entity1241 .

title: Home electrical stimulation for women with XXXX : a preliminary randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['home electrical stimulation', 'HES']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric trauma']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although the efficacy of maintenance remission therapy in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) has been proved in many studies, little is known about its possible effect on the extent of the disease. The aim of the present multicenter Belgian study was to evaluate the potential role of @entity31 maintenance therapy on the colonic extension of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 @entity1 , 56 males, 42 females, mean age 52  years, range 22-82  years, from 12 medical centers in Belgium, with an acute exacerbation of well-established, endoscopically and histologically proven left-sided @entity31 , were included. The colonic extension was endoscopically determined at the time of the initial diagnosis and at the actual flare-up. The mean duration of @entity31 was 93+72  months, median was 84  months, and range was 3-372  months. Active smoking was reported in only 7% of @entity1 , while the majority were no-smokers (63%) or ex-smokers (30%). The median colonic extension at the time of initial diagnosis was 25  cm, range 2-70  cm from the anal merge. Sixty-six percent of the @entity1 had quiescent disease without flare-ups during last year. The   (2)-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 29/98 (29.6%) @entity1 had not used any maintenance therapy in the last 3 months before the actual exacerbation. The most commonly used maintenance therapy was @entity3504 (43%), while combined therapy with @entity3504 , corticosteroids or immunosuppresives (mainly @entity500 ) in all possible combinations was reported by 29.6% of @entity1 . The extent of @entity31 had not changed in 50.7% and 51.7% of @entity1 , respectively, with and without maintaining therapy (NS, p=0.99). Some degree of regression was observed in, respectively, 21.7% and 20.7% (NS, p=0.99), and some degree of extension in, respectively, 27.5% and 27.6% (NS, p=0.99). Furthermore, no relationship was found between changes in colonic extent and type of maintaining therapy, smoking habits or disease activity during the last year before the acute exacerbation. A tendency of beneficial effect of maintenance therapy on disease extent was observed in @entity1 with continuous active disease of short duration. CONCLUSIONS: According to this multicenter study, maintenance remission therapy for left-sided @entity31 was not found to have a statistically significant effect on colonic extension. Further long-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.

title: Maintenance therapy for XXXX has no impact on changes in the extent of @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although the efficacy of maintenance remission therapy in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) has been proved in many studies, little is known about its possible effect on the extent of the disease. The aim of the present multicenter Belgian study was to evaluate the potential role of @entity31 maintenance therapy on the colonic extension of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 @entity1 , 56 males, 42 females, mean age 52  years, range 22-82  years, from 12 medical centers in Belgium, with an acute exacerbation of well-established, endoscopically and histologically proven left-sided @entity31 , were included. The colonic extension was endoscopically determined at the time of the initial diagnosis and at the actual flare-up. The mean duration of @entity31 was 93+72  months, median was 84  months, and range was 3-372  months. Active smoking was reported in only 7% of @entity1 , while the majority were no-smokers (63%) or ex-smokers (30%). The median colonic extension at the time of initial diagnosis was 25  cm, range 2-70  cm from the anal merge. Sixty-six percent of the @entity1 had quiescent disease without flare-ups during last year. The   (2)-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 29/98 (29.6%) @entity1 had not used any maintenance therapy in the last 3 months before the actual exacerbation. The most commonly used maintenance therapy was @entity3504 (43%), while combined therapy with @entity3504 , corticosteroids or immunosuppresives (mainly @entity500 ) in all possible combinations was reported by 29.6% of @entity1 . The extent of @entity31 had not changed in 50.7% and 51.7% of @entity1 , respectively, with and without maintaining therapy (NS, p=0.99). Some degree of regression was observed in, respectively, 21.7% and 20.7% (NS, p=0.99), and some degree of extension in, respectively, 27.5% and 27.6% (NS, p=0.99). Furthermore, no relationship was found between changes in colonic extent and type of maintaining therapy, smoking habits or disease activity during the last year before the acute exacerbation. A tendency of beneficial effect of maintenance therapy on disease extent was observed in @entity1 with continuous active disease of short duration. CONCLUSIONS: According to this multicenter study, maintenance remission therapy for left-sided @entity31 was not found to have a statistically significant effect on colonic extension. Further long-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.

title: Maintenance therapy for @entity31 has no impact on changes in the extent of XXXX .

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate equations for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and measured urinary creatinine clearance, compared to measured GFR in @entity3124 @entity1 . METHODS: GFR was measured using inulin clearance. Multiple blood samples were collected per @entity1 for determination of serum creatinine, @entity9649 and inulin. GFR was estimated by the use of the following estimation equations ( @entity470 ): four commonly used creatinine-based equations [Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in @entity8 (both the short and long formula) and @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI)], five @entity9649 based estimation equations (Hoek, Larsson, Filler, Le Bricon, CKD-EPIcys) and one equation combining @entity9649 and serum creatinine (CKD-EPIcr-cys). In addition we measured urinary creatinine clearance. Bias, precision and accuracy of all estimates were compared to those of the inulin clearance. RESULTS: Data were collected from 83 @entity1 , of whom 68 were considered evaluable. The median age was 58  years [interquartile range (IQR) 39-68]. The median inulin clearance was 80  mL/min/1.73  m(2) (IQR 31-114). Equations based on creatinine had much bias and poor precision and accuracy. Measured urinary creatinine clearances overestimated GFR. Equations based on @entity9649 were free of bias, but also had limited precision and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity1 , estimates of GFR had low accuracy and precision. @entity9649 based formulas, especially CKD-EPIcr-cys, showed limited bias; however, the accuracy and precision of these estimates were still insufficient. Measured urinary creatinine clearance overestimates GFR, but may provide a cheap alternative, when this is taken into account.

title: Comparison of different equations to assess glomerular filtration in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9649 :: ('1471', 'Gene') :: ['cystatin C', 'Cystatin C']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate equations for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and measured urinary creatinine clearance, compared to measured GFR in @entity3124 @entity1 . METHODS: GFR was measured using inulin clearance. Multiple blood samples were collected per @entity1 for determination of serum creatinine, @entity9649 and inulin. GFR was estimated by the use of the following estimation equations ( @entity470 ): four commonly used creatinine-based equations [Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in @entity8 (both the short and long formula) and @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI)], five @entity9649 based estimation equations (Hoek, Larsson, Filler, Le Bricon, CKD-EPIcys) and one equation combining @entity9649 and serum creatinine (CKD-EPIcr-cys). In addition we measured urinary creatinine clearance. Bias, precision and accuracy of all estimates were compared to those of the inulin clearance. RESULTS: Data were collected from 83 @entity1 , of whom 68 were considered evaluable. The median age was 58  years [interquartile range (IQR) 39-68]. The median inulin clearance was 80  mL/min/1.73  m(2) (IQR 31-114). Equations based on creatinine had much bias and poor precision and accuracy. Measured urinary creatinine clearances overestimated GFR. Equations based on @entity9649 were free of bias, but also had limited precision and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity1 , estimates of GFR had low accuracy and precision. @entity9649 based formulas, especially CKD-EPIcr-cys, showed limited bias; however, the accuracy and precision of these estimates were still insufficient. Measured urinary creatinine clearance overestimates GFR, but may provide a cheap alternative, when this is taken into account.

title: Comparison of different equations to assess glomerular filtration in @entity3124 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two major cell types, goblet and absorptive cells, dominate the epithelial lining of small intestinal villi. We used freeze- @entity174 replicas of @entity35 ileal mucosa to examine the possibility that tight junction structure, known to relate to transepithelial resistance, might vary with cell type. Tight junctions between absorptive cells were uniform in structure while those associated with villus goblet cells displayed structural variability. In 23% of villus goblet cell tight junctions the strand count was less than 4 and in 30% the depth was less than 200 nm. In contrast, only 4% of absorptive cell tight junctions had less than 4 strands and only 9% had depth measurements less than 200 nm. Other structural features commonly associated with villus goblet cell tight junctions but less commonly with absorptive cell tight junctions were: deficient strand cross-linking, free-ending abluminal strands, and highly fragmented strands. Both in vivo ileal segments and everted loops were exposed to ionic @entity3740 . Dense @entity3740 precipitates in tight junctions and paracellular spaces were restricted to a subpopulation of villus goblet cells and were not found between villus absorptive cells. After exposure of prefixed ileal loops to @entity3740 for 1 hour, faint precipitates of @entity3740 were found in 14% of tight junctions and paracellular spaces between absorptive cells compared to 42% of tight junctions and paracellular spaces adjacent to villus goblet cells. When tested in Ussing chambers, the methods used for @entity3740 exposure did not lower transepithelial resistance. Everted loops exposed to ionic barium and examined by light microscopy showed dense barium precipitates in the junctional zone and region of the paracellular space of villus goblet cells but not in these regions between absorptive cells. However, the macromolecular tracers, microperoxidase, cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase, were excluded from both villus goblet cell and absorptive cell paracellular spaces in in vivo segments. These findings suggest that a subpopulation of villus goblet cells may serve as focal sites of high ionic permeability and contribute to the relatively low resistance to ionic flow which characterizes the small intestinal epithelium.

title: Structure and permeability of goblet cell tight junctions in XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Carotenoids and their derivatives are versatile isoprenoids involved in many varied actions, hence their importance in the agri-food industry, nutrition, health and other fields. All carotenoids are derived from the colorless carotenes phytoene and @entity36428 , which are oddities among carotenoids due to their distinct chemical structure. They occur together with @entity14319 in @entity523 and other @entity14319 -containing foods. Furthermore, they are also present in frequently consumed products like oranges and @entity10786 , among others. The intake of phytoene plus @entity36428 has been shown to be higher than that of @entity14319 and other carotenoids in Luxembourg. This is likely to be common in other countries. However, they are not included in food carotenoid databases, hence they have not been linked to health benefits in epidemiological studies. Interestingly, there are evidences in vitro, animal models and @entity1 indicating that they may provide health benefits. In this sense, the study of these colorless carotenes in the context of food science, nutrition and health should be further encouraged. In this work, we review much of the existing knowledge concerning their chemical characteristics, physico-chemical properties, analysis, distribution in foods, bioavailability and likely biological activities.

title: A comprehensive review on the colorless carotenoids phytoene and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity36428 :: ('MESH:C003140', 'Chemical') :: ['phytofluene']

answer: @entity36428 :: (MESH:C003140,Chemical) :: ['phytofluene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity1897 in @entity1 with @entity751 remains unclear owing to conflicting results in the published series, with numbers ranging from 2% to over 60% of @entity751 @entity1 . Whether @entity1897 is a feature of the @entity262 or whether it is related to a circulating antineuronal antibody remains also uncertain. METHODS: The authors reviewed the records of @entity1 with primary @entity751 (pSS), fulfilling the Revised European-American Classification Criteria, seen in their department from 1992 to 2009. The @entity1 with previously recorded neuropathic features were re-examined clinically and electrophysiologically. Other causes of @entity305 were excluded. The authors also searched for circulating antineural antibodies using immunofluorescence and western blot and for antibodies against muscarinic and nicotinic @entity934 receptors as potential biomarkers. RESULTS: 509 cases met the diagnostic criteria for pSS. Among these, 44 @entity1 were recorded as having @entity1109 . After completing the evaluation, however, only nine (1.8%) had @entity305 with objective clinical signs and abnormal electrophysiological findings. The @entity16 was axonal in all, in five pure sensory and in four sensorimotor. The @entity1 with @entity1897 had extraglandular manifestations such as palpable @entity4125 and @entity1333 . No evidence of antineural @entity792 was found, and no candidate biomarkers were identified. CONCLUSION: @entity305 is a rare manifestation of pSS occurring in 1.8% of @entity1 . In the majority of @entity1 , it is a late event and frequently associated with @entity262 or risk factors for @entity706 development.

title: XXXX in Sjogren syndrome: a new reappraisal.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or glandular disease', 'systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'Polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Sj  gren syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral neuropathies']


abstract: @entity14293 and Th17 cells producing @entity636 and @entity16821 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity1569 . Previous studies showed that @entity16821 , but not @entity636 , mediates @entity1569 -like @entity1373 following recombinant @entity19 (rm) @entity14293 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity636 , ears of @entity19 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity19 genotypes measured @entity2169 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 , rmIL-23 induced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity1373 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity636 and @entity16821 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity16821 (-/-) @entity19 resulted in relatively @entity2169 (p < 0.09) and @entity1373 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity636 (-/-) @entity19 produced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, versus @entity14293 -injected @entity164 @entity19 ) and @entity1373 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity16821 was readily induced in these @entity19 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity16821 or @entity636 completely inhibited @entity14293 -induced @entity1373 in @entity164 @entity19 . These results demonstrate that @entity636 , like @entity16821 , is a downstream mediator for @entity14293 -induced changes in @entity19 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity14293 -mediated skin pathology. @entity636 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity1569 by blocking downstream effects of @entity14293 .

title: @entity14293 -mediated @entity1569 -like XXXX is dependent on @entity636 .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear swelling', 'little ear swelling']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity14293 and Th17 cells producing @entity636 and @entity16821 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity1569 . Previous studies showed that @entity16821 , but not @entity636 , mediates @entity1569 -like @entity1373 following recombinant @entity19 (rm) @entity14293 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity636 , ears of @entity19 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity19 genotypes measured @entity2169 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 , rmIL-23 induced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity1373 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity636 and @entity16821 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity16821 (-/-) @entity19 resulted in relatively @entity2169 (p < 0.09) and @entity1373 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity636 (-/-) @entity19 produced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, versus @entity14293 -injected @entity164 @entity19 ) and @entity1373 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity16821 was readily induced in these @entity19 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity16821 or @entity636 completely inhibited @entity14293 -induced @entity1373 in @entity164 @entity19 . These results demonstrate that @entity636 , like @entity16821 , is a downstream mediator for @entity14293 -induced changes in @entity19 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity14293 -mediated skin pathology. @entity636 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity1569 by blocking downstream effects of @entity14293 .

title: @entity14293 -mediated XXXX -like @entity1373 is dependent on @entity636 .

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: @entity14293 and Th17 cells producing @entity636 and @entity16821 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity1569 . Previous studies showed that @entity16821 , but not @entity636 , mediates @entity1569 -like @entity1373 following recombinant @entity19 (rm) @entity14293 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity636 , ears of @entity19 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity19 genotypes measured @entity2169 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 , rmIL-23 induced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity1373 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity636 and @entity16821 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity16821 (-/-) @entity19 resulted in relatively @entity2169 (p < 0.09) and @entity1373 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity636 (-/-) @entity19 produced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, versus @entity14293 -injected @entity164 @entity19 ) and @entity1373 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity16821 was readily induced in these @entity19 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity16821 or @entity636 completely inhibited @entity14293 -induced @entity1373 in @entity164 @entity19 . These results demonstrate that @entity636 , like @entity16821 , is a downstream mediator for @entity14293 -induced changes in @entity19 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity14293 -mediated skin pathology. @entity636 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity1569 by blocking downstream effects of @entity14293 .

title: @entity14293 -mediated @entity1569 -like @entity1373 is dependent on XXXX .

answer: @entity636 :: (16171(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-17A']


abstract: @entity14293 and Th17 cells producing @entity636 and @entity16821 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity1569 . Previous studies showed that @entity16821 , but not @entity636 , mediates @entity1569 -like @entity1373 following recombinant @entity19 (rm) @entity14293 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity636 , ears of @entity19 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity19 genotypes measured @entity2169 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 , rmIL-23 induced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity1373 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity636 and @entity16821 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity16821 (-/-) @entity19 resulted in relatively @entity2169 (p < 0.09) and @entity1373 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity636 (-/-) @entity19 produced @entity2169 (p < 0.001, versus @entity14293 -injected @entity164 @entity19 ) and @entity1373 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity16821 was readily induced in these @entity19 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity16821 or @entity636 completely inhibited @entity14293 -induced @entity1373 in @entity164 @entity19 . These results demonstrate that @entity636 , like @entity16821 , is a downstream mediator for @entity14293 -induced changes in @entity19 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity14293 -mediated skin pathology. @entity636 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity1569 by blocking downstream effects of @entity14293 .

title: XXXX -mediated @entity1569 -like @entity1373 is dependent on @entity636 .

answer: @entity14293 :: (83430(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-23']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3377 presents a significant economic burden for China because it causes reproductive failure in host species and chronic health problems in @entity1 . These problems can involve multiple organs. @entity3377 is highly endemic in Shanxi Province China. Molecular typing would be very useful to epidemiological surveillance. The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of @entity6467 strains for epidemiological surveillance. Historical monitoring data suggest that @entity6467 3 is the predominant strain associated with the epidemic of @entity3377 in Shanxi Province. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis (MLVA-16) and hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprinting (HOOF-print) were used to type a @entity1 -hosted @entity6467 population (81 strains). Sixty-two MLVA genotypes (discriminatory index: 0.99) were detected, and they had a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 84.9% to 100%. Eighty strains of the population belonged to the eastern Mediterranean group with panel 1 genotypes 42 (79 strains) and 43 (1 strain). A new panel 1 genotype was found in this study. It was named 114 MLVAorsay genotype and it showed similarity to the two isolates from Guangdong in a previous study. @entity6467 is distributed throughout Shanxi Province, and like samples from Inner Mongolia, the eastern Mediterranean genotype 42 was the main @entity6475 (97%). The HOOF-printing showed a higher diversity than MLVA-16 with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 56.8% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the MLVA-16 and HOOF-printing results, both methods could be used for the epidemiological surveillance of @entity3377 . A new genotype was found in both Shanxi and Guangdong Provinces. In areas with @entity3377 , the MLVA-16 scheme is very important for tracing cases back to their origins during outbreak investigations. It may facilitate the expansion and eradication of the disease.

title: Genotyping of @entity1 XXXX 3 Isolated from Shanxi Province in China by MLVA16 and HOOF.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic strain']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis biovar', 'Brucella melitensis']

answer: @entity6467 :: (29459,Species) :: ['Brucella melitensis Biovar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3377 presents a significant economic burden for China because it causes reproductive failure in host species and chronic health problems in @entity1 . These problems can involve multiple organs. @entity3377 is highly endemic in Shanxi Province China. Molecular typing would be very useful to epidemiological surveillance. The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of @entity6467 strains for epidemiological surveillance. Historical monitoring data suggest that @entity6467 3 is the predominant strain associated with the epidemic of @entity3377 in Shanxi Province. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis (MLVA-16) and hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprinting (HOOF-print) were used to type a @entity1 -hosted @entity6467 population (81 strains). Sixty-two MLVA genotypes (discriminatory index: 0.99) were detected, and they had a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 84.9% to 100%. Eighty strains of the population belonged to the eastern Mediterranean group with panel 1 genotypes 42 (79 strains) and 43 (1 strain). A new panel 1 genotype was found in this study. It was named 114 MLVAorsay genotype and it showed similarity to the two isolates from Guangdong in a previous study. @entity6467 is distributed throughout Shanxi Province, and like samples from Inner Mongolia, the eastern Mediterranean genotype 42 was the main @entity6475 (97%). The HOOF-printing showed a higher diversity than MLVA-16 with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 56.8% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the MLVA-16 and HOOF-printing results, both methods could be used for the epidemiological surveillance of @entity3377 . A new genotype was found in both Shanxi and Guangdong Provinces. In areas with @entity3377 , the MLVA-16 scheme is very important for tracing cases back to their origins during outbreak investigations. It may facilitate the expansion and eradication of the disease.

title: Genotyping of XXXX @entity6467 3 Isolated from Shanxi Province in China by MLVA16 and HOOF.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3742 is a severe @entity548 disease due to a defect of GPIb/IX/V, a platelet complex that binds the @entity2880 factor. Due to the rarity of the disease, there are reports only on a few cases compromising any attempt to establish correlations between genotype and phenotype. In order to identify any associations, we describe the largest case series ever reported, which was evaluated systematically at the same center. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with the disease and seven obligate carriers were enrolled. We collected clinical aspects and determined platelet features, including number and size, expression of membrane glycoproteins, and @entity8325 induced @entity1423 . Mutations were identified by direct sequencing of the @entity27463 , @entity31088 , and @entity17432 genes and their effect was shown by molecular modeling analyses. RESULTS: @entity1 all had a moderate @entity882 with giant platelets and a @entity548 tendency whose severity varied among individuals. Consistent with expression levels of @entity27463 always lower than 10% of control values, @entity1423 was absent or severely reduced. Homozygous mutations were identified in the @entity27463 , @entity31088 and @entity17432 genes; six were novel alterations expected to destabilize the conformation of the respective protein. Except for obligate carriers of a @entity17432 mutation with a reduced GPIb/IX/V expression and @entity1423 , all the other carriers had no obvious anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of mutations identified, the @entity1 ' @entity548 diathesis did not correlate with @entity882 , which was always moderate, and platelet @entity27463 expression, which was always severely impaired. Obligate carriers had features similar to controls though their GPIb/IX/V expression showed discrepancies. Aware of the limitations of our cohort, we cannot define any correlations. However, further investigations should be encouraged to better understand the causes of this rare and underestimated disease.

title: Clinical and genetic aspects of XXXX : searching for genotype/phenotype correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['defective aggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity3742 :: (MESH:D001606,Disease) :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']


abstract: Between January 1973 and December 1979, 290 @entity1 with @entity573 were evaluated with coronary angiography after the acute stage of illness. Of these @entity1 , 43 (15 percent) were diagnosed as having @entity574 . Forty-two @entity1 have been followed up for an average of 4 years (range 15 months to 8 years). One 8 month old @entity1 died of @entity583 after 4 months of illness. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 42 @entity1 5 to 18 months after the acute illness. Four groups can be distinguished. Group I: In 21 (50 percent) of 42 @entity1 angiography showed that the @entity574 had regressed, so that no observable lesions were seen. During @entity9458 , electrocardiography, exercise stress testing and thallium scintigraphy were within normal limits. In the other 21 @entity1 abnormal findings persisted on follow-up angiography. Group II: Ten @entity1 showed persistent @entity574 , although reduced in size. Group III: In seven @entity1 the @entity439 had disappeared, but complete obstruction or marked @entity850 of coronary arteries was found. Group IV: In four @entity1 , irregularities of the coronary arterial wall without @entity850 were seen. Among @entity1 with abnormal angiographic findings @entity583 and @entity339 were also seen. Early initiation of @entity117 therapy @entity439 show regression on angiography in 1 or 2 years in about half of @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 are at risk for @entity741 . Thus, @entity573 should be considered an important cause of @entity741 in @entity1 and a possible risk factor of premature @entity453 .

title: Fate of @entity574 in XXXX : serial coronary angiography and long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity9458 :: ('MESH:D003289', 'Disease') :: ['convalescence']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary aneurysms']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: Between January 1973 and December 1979, 290 @entity1 with @entity573 were evaluated with coronary angiography after the acute stage of illness. Of these @entity1 , 43 (15 percent) were diagnosed as having @entity574 . Forty-two @entity1 have been followed up for an average of 4 years (range 15 months to 8 years). One 8 month old @entity1 died of @entity583 after 4 months of illness. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 42 @entity1 5 to 18 months after the acute illness. Four groups can be distinguished. Group I: In 21 (50 percent) of 42 @entity1 angiography showed that the @entity574 had regressed, so that no observable lesions were seen. During @entity9458 , electrocardiography, exercise stress testing and thallium scintigraphy were within normal limits. In the other 21 @entity1 abnormal findings persisted on follow-up angiography. Group II: Ten @entity1 showed persistent @entity574 , although reduced in size. Group III: In seven @entity1 the @entity439 had disappeared, but complete obstruction or marked @entity850 of coronary arteries was found. Group IV: In four @entity1 , irregularities of the coronary arterial wall without @entity850 were seen. Among @entity1 with abnormal angiographic findings @entity583 and @entity339 were also seen. Early initiation of @entity117 therapy @entity439 show regression on angiography in 1 or 2 years in about half of @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 are at risk for @entity741 . Thus, @entity573 should be considered an important cause of @entity741 in @entity1 and a possible risk factor of premature @entity453 .

title: Fate of XXXX in @entity573 : serial coronary angiography and long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity574 :: (MESH:D003323,Disease) :: ['coronary aneurysms']


abstract: A clinicopathological study of six cases of @entity48532 and review of the literature was undertaken. These @entity5 arise from transitional epithelium of the pectinate line. The @entity5 are often deceptive in the beginning and may often resemble small abscesses, fissures, or @entity292 . Often they appear outside the mucosa and skin. Histologically, they are well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Local excision is adequate for small noninfiltrating @entity5 . Pelvic radiation, combined with surgery for lesions greater than 2 cm with local extension and/or pelvic nodes, controls the pelvic disease. Well and moderately differentiated @entity5 have a better prognosis than @entity957 . Overall survival rate is approximately 50%. Cure rate depends on the size of the lesion, differentiation of @entity5 , depth of invasion, duration of the symptoms, nodal involvement, @entity7453 , and contiguous organ invasion. @entity48532 is a better term than other names used in the literature for this @entity5 .

title: XXXX : a study of six cases and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity48532 :: ('MESH:C562739', 'Disease') :: ['cloacogenic carcinoma', 'Cloacogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic or vascular invasion']

answer: @entity48532 :: (MESH:C562739,Disease) :: ['Cloacogenic carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1 genome project and subsequent gene annotation projects have shown that the @entity1 genome contains 22,000-25,000 functional genes. Therefore, it is believed that the diversity of protein repertoire is achieved by the @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) mechanism. Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile in nature and can therefore alter their position in the genome. The insertion of TEs into a new gene region can result in @entity4373 of a particular transcript through various mechanisms, including intron retention, and alternative donor or acceptor splice sites. TE-derived @entity4373 is thought to have played a part in primate evolution and in hominid radiation. However, TE-derived @entity4373 or genetic instability may sometimes result in @entity74 . For the past two decades, numerous studies have been performed on TEs and their role in genomes. Accumulating evidence shows that the term 'junk DNA', previously used for TEs is a misnomer. Recent research has indicated that TEs may have clinical potential. However, to explore the feasibility of using TEs in clinical practice, additional studies are required. This review summarizes the available literature on TE-derived @entity4373 , alternative promoter, and alternative polyadenylation. The review covers the effects of TEs on coding genes and their clinical implications, and provides our perspectives and directions for future research.

title: Transposable element-driven transcript diversification and its relevance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'alternative splicing']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic disorders']


abstract: Although immune reactions to collagen have been described in several diseases, the pathophysiologic consequences of collagen autoimmunity remain obscure. We have recently described an animal model of @entity625 which can be induced in susceptible @entity35 or @entity19 by immunization with native type II collagen. @entity625 develops in animals which have high levels of both cellular and humoral immunity to collagen. In @entity35 , @entity625 can be passively transferred with purified IgG antinative type II collagen antibodies. There is circumstantial evidence that antibodies are also important for the @entity625 in susceptible @entity19 . Circulating immune complexes do not appear to be involved and we believe the @entity625 is caused by binding of antibodies to autologous collagen. There are a number of similarities between collagen-induced @entity625 and @entity1 @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Many histopathologic changes are similar including @entity603 which progresses to @entity2070 formation, development of @entity3067 and eventual cartilage destruction. Both diseases are associated with collagen autoimmunity which appears to be genetically linked to the major histocompatibility locus. However, there are also significant differences. In particular, the antibody reactivity usually found in @entity309 is primarily directed against covalent structural determinants on collagen and not against the conformation-dependent determinants on type II collagen critical to the development of collagen-induced @entity625 . Immunity to collagen has also been described in other animal models of disease and in other @entity1 diseases but its relevance to their pathophysiology is unknown. By further characterizing the specific reactions involved including the nature of the immune response, its specificity and the genetic factors important in the host; insight may be gained into the role of collagen autoimmunity in @entity1 disease. While significant progress has been made in all of these areas during the last several years, much remains to be learned before the relevance of collagen autoimmunity to any @entity1 disease is established.

title: The role of collagen autoimmunity in animal models and XXXX diseases.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of arthritis', 'arthritis', 'polyarthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['marginal erosions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity3477 penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that @entity3477 may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of @entity3477 and @entity3402 for the medical treatment of @entity1 with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with odontogenic @entity733 requiring surgical treatment. @entity1 received either 400 mg @entity3477 per os once daily or 300 mg @entity3402 per os four times daily for 5 days consecutively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent reduction in @entity1 ' perceived @entity158 on a visual analogue scale at days 2 to 3 from baseline. Primary analysis included 21 @entity3477 - and 19 @entity3402 -treated @entity1 with infiltrates and 15 @entity3477 - and 16 @entity3402 -treated @entity1 with @entity733 . The @entity158 reductions were 61.0% (standard deviation [SD], 46.9%) with @entity3477 versus 23.4% (SD, 32.1%) with @entity3402 (P = 0.006) for @entity1 with infiltrates and 55.8% (SD, 24.8%) with @entity3477 versus 42.7% (SD, 48.5%) with @entity3402 (P = 0.358) for @entity1 with @entity733 . A global efficacy assessment at days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 showed faster clinical responses with @entity3477 in both @entity733 and infiltrate @entity1 . Rates of adverse events were lower in @entity3477 - than in @entity3402 -treated @entity1 . In @entity1 with inflammatory infiltrates, @entity3477 was significantly more effective in reducing @entity158 at days 2 to 3 of therapy than @entity3402 . No significant differences between groups were found for @entity1 with odontogenic @entity733 .

title: Comparative efficacy and safety of @entity3477 and @entity3402 in the treatment of odontogenic XXXX and inflammatory infiltrates: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin', 'Moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'abscess']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'mean pain']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscesses']


abstract: @entity3477 penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that @entity3477 may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of @entity3477 and @entity3402 for the medical treatment of @entity1 with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with odontogenic @entity733 requiring surgical treatment. @entity1 received either 400 mg @entity3477 per os once daily or 300 mg @entity3402 per os four times daily for 5 days consecutively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent reduction in @entity1 ' perceived @entity158 on a visual analogue scale at days 2 to 3 from baseline. Primary analysis included 21 @entity3477 - and 19 @entity3402 -treated @entity1 with infiltrates and 15 @entity3477 - and 16 @entity3402 -treated @entity1 with @entity733 . The @entity158 reductions were 61.0% (standard deviation [SD], 46.9%) with @entity3477 versus 23.4% (SD, 32.1%) with @entity3402 (P = 0.006) for @entity1 with infiltrates and 55.8% (SD, 24.8%) with @entity3477 versus 42.7% (SD, 48.5%) with @entity3402 (P = 0.358) for @entity1 with @entity733 . A global efficacy assessment at days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 showed faster clinical responses with @entity3477 in both @entity733 and infiltrate @entity1 . Rates of adverse events were lower in @entity3477 - than in @entity3402 -treated @entity1 . In @entity1 with inflammatory infiltrates, @entity3477 was significantly more effective in reducing @entity158 at days 2 to 3 of therapy than @entity3402 . No significant differences between groups were found for @entity1 with odontogenic @entity733 .

title: Comparative efficacy and safety of @entity3477 and XXXX in the treatment of odontogenic @entity733 and inflammatory infiltrates: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial.

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['clindamycin']


abstract: @entity3477 penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that @entity3477 may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of @entity3477 and @entity3402 for the medical treatment of @entity1 with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with odontogenic @entity733 requiring surgical treatment. @entity1 received either 400 mg @entity3477 per os once daily or 300 mg @entity3402 per os four times daily for 5 days consecutively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent reduction in @entity1 ' perceived @entity158 on a visual analogue scale at days 2 to 3 from baseline. Primary analysis included 21 @entity3477 - and 19 @entity3402 -treated @entity1 with infiltrates and 15 @entity3477 - and 16 @entity3402 -treated @entity1 with @entity733 . The @entity158 reductions were 61.0% (standard deviation [SD], 46.9%) with @entity3477 versus 23.4% (SD, 32.1%) with @entity3402 (P = 0.006) for @entity1 with infiltrates and 55.8% (SD, 24.8%) with @entity3477 versus 42.7% (SD, 48.5%) with @entity3402 (P = 0.358) for @entity1 with @entity733 . A global efficacy assessment at days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 showed faster clinical responses with @entity3477 in both @entity733 and infiltrate @entity1 . Rates of adverse events were lower in @entity3477 - than in @entity3402 -treated @entity1 . In @entity1 with inflammatory infiltrates, @entity3477 was significantly more effective in reducing @entity158 at days 2 to 3 of therapy than @entity3402 . No significant differences between groups were found for @entity1 with odontogenic @entity733 .

title: Comparative efficacy and safety of XXXX and @entity3402 in the treatment of odontogenic @entity733 and inflammatory infiltrates: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial.

answer: @entity3477 :: (MESH:C104727,Chemical) :: ['moxifloxacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, safety, and sustainability of response to adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe @entity102 involving hands and/or feet. DESIGN: Sixteen-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe @entity102 involving the hands and/or feet with a 12-week open-label extension (Randomized Controlled Evaluation of Adalimumab in Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis of the Hands and Feet [REACH]). SETTING: Multicenter outpatient study in the United States and Canada. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity102 on the hands and/or feet with a Physician's Global Assessment of hands and/or feet (hfPGA) score of "moderate" or above. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized 2:1 to adalimumab (80 mg at week 0, then 40 mg every other week starting at week 1) or to matching placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage of @entity1 achieving an hfPGA score of "clear" or "almost clear" at week 16. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 (adalimumab [n = 49];placebo [n = 23]) were evaluated. Baseline percentages of @entity1 with moderate and severe hfPGA scores were 76% and 24%, respectively, for the adalimumab group and 74% and 26%, respectively, for the placebo group. At week 16, 31% and 4% of @entity1 randomized to adalimumab and placebo, respectively, achieved an hfPGA score of clear or almost clear (P = .01). At week 28, 80% of the hfPGA clear or almost clear response was maintained from week 16 (25% for @entity1 randomized to adalimumab). Adverse events in both groups were generally mild to moderate. In both periods combined, @entity11266 (27% and 13% for adalimumab- and placebo-treated @entity1 , respectively) was most frequently reported. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab is efficacious and well tolerated for treatment of @entity102 of hands and/or feet, with efficacy largely maintained to 28 weeks. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00735787.

title: Adalimumab for treatment of moderate to severe XXXX of the hands and feet: efficacy and safety results from REACH, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20372 of breast are rare @entity5 . We report for the first time a case of an @entity0 . A 53-year-old @entity1 had an annual screening mammogram, which identified areas of asymmetry in her left breast at 4-5-o'clock position. Resection of the masses revealed a well-circumscribed, gray-white, firm discrete nodule (0.8 * 0.4 * 0.3 cm). The @entity5 was composed of both @entity1373 and focal @entity1137 . The 2 cell populations had some overlapping histologic features. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a biphasic proliferation with approximately equal parts of luminal epithelial cells with clear and rounded appearance and myoepithelial cells. The myoepithelial component of the proliferation expressed @entity3999 , @entity4206 , @entity4205 , S-100, and dimly expressed @entity5962 . The epithelial component of the proliferation strongly expressed @entity5962 . In the areas of @entity1137 , there was distinct loss @entity5962 expression. Awareness of this association is highly important to provide these @entity1 adequate follow-up and treatment.

title: XXXX with associated @entity1137 : a previously unrecognized association with management implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['atypical lobular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with associated lobular neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyoepithelial cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity20372 :: ('MESH:D055331', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomyoepitheliomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20372 of breast are rare @entity5 . We report for the first time a case of an @entity0 . A 53-year-old @entity1 had an annual screening mammogram, which identified areas of asymmetry in her left breast at 4-5-o'clock position. Resection of the masses revealed a well-circumscribed, gray-white, firm discrete nodule (0.8 * 0.4 * 0.3 cm). The @entity5 was composed of both @entity1373 and focal @entity1137 . The 2 cell populations had some overlapping histologic features. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a biphasic proliferation with approximately equal parts of luminal epithelial cells with clear and rounded appearance and myoepithelial cells. The myoepithelial component of the proliferation expressed @entity3999 , @entity4206 , @entity4205 , S-100, and dimly expressed @entity5962 . The epithelial component of the proliferation strongly expressed @entity5962 . In the areas of @entity1137 , there was distinct loss @entity5962 expression. Awareness of this association is highly important to provide these @entity1 adequate follow-up and treatment.

title: @entity0 with associated XXXX : a previously unrecognized association with management implications.

answer: @entity1137 :: (MESH:D018275,Disease) :: ['atypical lobular hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate nerve roots by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) values in healthy volunteers and @entity13549 @entity1 , visualize nerve roots by tractography, and compare the diagnostic efficacy between conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five @entity13549 @entity1 and thirty-six healthy volunteers underwent MR imaging using DTI. FA values for L5-S1 lumbar nerve roots were calculated at three levels from DTI images. Tractography was performed on L3-S1 nerve roots. ROC analysis was performed for FA values. RESULTS: The lumbar nerve roots were visualized and FA values were calculated in all subjects. FA values decreased in @entity614 and declined from proximal to distal along the compressed nerve tracts. Mean FA values were more sensitive and specific than MR imaging for differentiating @entity614 , especially in the far lateral zone at distal nerves. CONCLUSIONS: DTI can quantitatively evaluate @entity614 , and DTT enables visualization of abnormal nerve tracts, providing vivid anatomic information and localization of probable nerve compression. DTI has great potential utility for evaluating @entity2850 in @entity13549 .

title: Diffusion tensor imaging with quantitative evaluation and fiber tractography of lumbar nerve roots in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['compressed nerve roots']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar nerve compression']

answer: @entity13549 :: (MESH:D012585,Disease) :: ['sciatica']