abstract: Chromosomal rearrangements abound in nature and can be studied in detail in organisms with polytene chromosomes. In @entity238 and in Anopheline mosquitoes most speciation processes seem to be associated with the establishment of chromosomal rearrangements, particularly of paracentric inversions. It is not known what triggers inversions in natural populations. In the laboratory inversions are commonly generated by X-rays, mutagens or after the activity of certain transposable elements (TEs). The @entity313 complex is comprised of six sibling species, each one characterized by the presence of fixed paracentric inversions on their chromosomes. Two of these, An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis, are the most important vectors of @entity1 @entity311 and are structured into sub-populations, each carrying a characteristic set of polymorphic chromosomal inversions. We have cloned the breakpoints of the naturally occurring polymorphic inversion In(2R)d' of An. arabiensis. Analysis of the surrounding sequences demonstrated that adjacent to the distal breakpoint lies a transposable element that we called Odysseus. Characteristics of Odysseus' terminal region and its cytological distribution in different strains as well as within the same strain indicate that Odysseus is an actively transposing element. The presence of Odysseus at the junction of the naturally occurring inversion In(2R)d' suggests that the inversion may be the result of the TEs activity. Cytological evidence from @entity238 has also implicated the hobo transposable element in the generation of certain Hawaiian endemic inversions. This picture supports the hypothesis of the important role of TEs in generating natural inversions.

title: Are chromosomal inversions induced by transposable elements? A paradigm from the @entity311 mosquito XXXX .

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: Chromosomal rearrangements abound in nature and can be studied in detail in organisms with polytene chromosomes. In @entity238 and in Anopheline mosquitoes most speciation processes seem to be associated with the establishment of chromosomal rearrangements, particularly of paracentric inversions. It is not known what triggers inversions in natural populations. In the laboratory inversions are commonly generated by X-rays, mutagens or after the activity of certain transposable elements (TEs). The @entity313 complex is comprised of six sibling species, each one characterized by the presence of fixed paracentric inversions on their chromosomes. Two of these, An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis, are the most important vectors of @entity1 @entity311 and are structured into sub-populations, each carrying a characteristic set of polymorphic chromosomal inversions. We have cloned the breakpoints of the naturally occurring polymorphic inversion In(2R)d' of An. arabiensis. Analysis of the surrounding sequences demonstrated that adjacent to the distal breakpoint lies a transposable element that we called Odysseus. Characteristics of Odysseus' terminal region and its cytological distribution in different strains as well as within the same strain indicate that Odysseus is an actively transposing element. The presence of Odysseus at the junction of the naturally occurring inversion In(2R)d' suggests that the inversion may be the result of the TEs activity. Cytological evidence from @entity238 has also implicated the hobo transposable element in the generation of certain Hawaiian endemic inversions. This picture supports the hypothesis of the important role of TEs in generating natural inversions.

title: Are chromosomal inversions induced by transposable elements? A paradigm from the XXXX mosquito @entity313 .

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a symptomatic add-on treatment for @entity1 with medically @entity302 . It consists of continuous electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve by means of a helical electrode and an implantable, programmable pulse generator. Currently, over 50,000 @entity1 are treated with VNS worldwide. AIM: This uncontrolled, open-label retrospective study evaluates long-term outcome in @entity1 treated with VNS for @entity302 in seven different @entity302 centres in Belgium. METHODS: For the purpose of this study, a minimum of essential inclusion criteria were defined to collect relevant data. This limited the results to basic findings with regards to efficacy on the long term. Inclusion criteria were a follow-up of at least 12 months and a documented @entity410 diary before implantation and at maximum follow-up. Primary outcome measures were the reduction in mean monthly @entity410 frequency and the percentage of @entity1 with a @entity410 reduction of at least 50% (responder rate). RESULTS: About 138 @entity1 (67M/71F) had a mean age of 30 years (range 4-59) at time of implantation and a mean post-implantation follow-up of 44 months (range 12-120). The mean number of AEDs before implantation was 3 (range 1-5). About 117/138 @entity1 had @entity1625 , 21 @entity1 had symptomatic generalised @entity302 . About 117/138 @entity1 were older than 16 years, 21 @entity1 were 16 or younger. At maximum follow-up, mean stimulation output current was 1.84mA (range 0-3.25). Mean number of AEDs at maximum follow-up remained unchanged. The overall reduction in mean monthly @entity410 frequency was 51%. Mean @entity410 frequency before implantation was 41 @entity410 /month (SD=61; range 1-300), mean @entity410 frequency after implantation at maximum follow-up was 7 @entity410 /month (SD=25; range 0-120). Responder rate was 59%. 13% of @entity1 had a @entity410 frequency decrease between 30% and 50%. About 28% had a @entity410 frequency decrease of<30%. @entity410 freedom was obtained in 12/138 @entity1 (9%). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term experience with VNS in Belgium confirms that VNS is an efficacious adjunctive antiepileptic treatment for @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Vagus nerve stimulation for XXXX : a Belgian multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: @entity3014 exerts its mutagenic effects via induction of @entity4624 ( @entity12847 )-DNA adducts. Such helix-distorting adducts are not always successfully repaired prior to DNA replication, which may result in a blocked replication fork. To alleviate this stall, cells utilize DNA damage tolerance systems involving either @entity16 avoidance or error-prone translesion synthesis. Studies in @entity375 suggest the modification of @entity1364 by @entity376 63-linked poly-ubiquitin (K63-polyUb) chains as a key mediator of the @entity16 avoidance pathway. Recently, we extended this observation to @entity1 cells, showing the occurrence of poly-ubiquitination of @entity1364 in UV-irradiated @entity1 cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that disrupting the formation of K63-polyUb chains inhibits damage avoidance and favors error-prone repair involving low-fidelity polymerases (e.g. POLeta), causing increased @entity12847 -induced mutagenicity. To test this hypothesis, we generated A549 cells expressing either a mutant ubiquitin ( @entity59327 -Ub) which blocks further ubiquitination through K63, or the wild type ubiquitin (WT-Ub). We show that @entity1364 is poly-ubiquitinated in these cells upon @entity12847 -exposure and that disruption of K63-polyUb chain formation has no effect on @entity12847 -induced @entity137 . In contrast, significantly higher frequencies of @entity12847 -induced HPRT mutations were observed in @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, of which the majority (74%) was @entity13285 transversion. @entity12847 treatment caused an enhanced recruitment of POLeta to the replication machinery of the @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, where it co-localized with @entity1364 . Suppression of POLeta expression by using siRNA resulted in a 50% reduction of @entity12847 -induced mutations in the @entity59327 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that formation of K63-polyUb chains protects @entity12847 -exposed @entity1 cells against translesion synthesis-mediated mutagenesis. These findings indicate that K63-polyubiquitination guards against @entity105 by preventing mutagenesis and thus contributing to genomic stability.

title: Formation of @entity376 63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains protects @entity1 lung cells against XXXX -induced mutagenicity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['error-free damage']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity59327 :: ('p|SUB|K|63|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K63R']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity4624 :: ('CHEBI:30614', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['chemical carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity4624 :: (CHEBI:30614,Chemical) :: ['benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide']


abstract: @entity3014 exerts its mutagenic effects via induction of @entity4624 ( @entity12847 )-DNA adducts. Such helix-distorting adducts are not always successfully repaired prior to DNA replication, which may result in a blocked replication fork. To alleviate this stall, cells utilize DNA damage tolerance systems involving either @entity16 avoidance or error-prone translesion synthesis. Studies in @entity375 suggest the modification of @entity1364 by @entity376 63-linked poly-ubiquitin (K63-polyUb) chains as a key mediator of the @entity16 avoidance pathway. Recently, we extended this observation to @entity1 cells, showing the occurrence of poly-ubiquitination of @entity1364 in UV-irradiated @entity1 cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that disrupting the formation of K63-polyUb chains inhibits damage avoidance and favors error-prone repair involving low-fidelity polymerases (e.g. POLeta), causing increased @entity12847 -induced mutagenicity. To test this hypothesis, we generated A549 cells expressing either a mutant ubiquitin ( @entity59327 -Ub) which blocks further ubiquitination through K63, or the wild type ubiquitin (WT-Ub). We show that @entity1364 is poly-ubiquitinated in these cells upon @entity12847 -exposure and that disruption of K63-polyUb chain formation has no effect on @entity12847 -induced @entity137 . In contrast, significantly higher frequencies of @entity12847 -induced HPRT mutations were observed in @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, of which the majority (74%) was @entity13285 transversion. @entity12847 treatment caused an enhanced recruitment of POLeta to the replication machinery of the @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, where it co-localized with @entity1364 . Suppression of POLeta expression by using siRNA resulted in a 50% reduction of @entity12847 -induced mutations in the @entity59327 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that formation of K63-polyUb chains protects @entity12847 -exposed @entity1 cells against translesion synthesis-mediated mutagenesis. These findings indicate that K63-polyubiquitination guards against @entity105 by preventing mutagenesis and thus contributing to genomic stability.

title: Formation of XXXX 63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains protects @entity1 lung cells against @entity4624 -induced mutagenicity.

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: @entity3014 exerts its mutagenic effects via induction of @entity4624 ( @entity12847 )-DNA adducts. Such helix-distorting adducts are not always successfully repaired prior to DNA replication, which may result in a blocked replication fork. To alleviate this stall, cells utilize DNA damage tolerance systems involving either @entity16 avoidance or error-prone translesion synthesis. Studies in @entity375 suggest the modification of @entity1364 by @entity376 63-linked poly-ubiquitin (K63-polyUb) chains as a key mediator of the @entity16 avoidance pathway. Recently, we extended this observation to @entity1 cells, showing the occurrence of poly-ubiquitination of @entity1364 in UV-irradiated @entity1 cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that disrupting the formation of K63-polyUb chains inhibits damage avoidance and favors error-prone repair involving low-fidelity polymerases (e.g. POLeta), causing increased @entity12847 -induced mutagenicity. To test this hypothesis, we generated A549 cells expressing either a mutant ubiquitin ( @entity59327 -Ub) which blocks further ubiquitination through K63, or the wild type ubiquitin (WT-Ub). We show that @entity1364 is poly-ubiquitinated in these cells upon @entity12847 -exposure and that disruption of K63-polyUb chain formation has no effect on @entity12847 -induced @entity137 . In contrast, significantly higher frequencies of @entity12847 -induced HPRT mutations were observed in @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, of which the majority (74%) was @entity13285 transversion. @entity12847 treatment caused an enhanced recruitment of POLeta to the replication machinery of the @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, where it co-localized with @entity1364 . Suppression of POLeta expression by using siRNA resulted in a 50% reduction of @entity12847 -induced mutations in the @entity59327 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that formation of K63-polyUb chains protects @entity12847 -exposed @entity1 cells against translesion synthesis-mediated mutagenesis. These findings indicate that K63-polyubiquitination guards against @entity105 by preventing mutagenesis and thus contributing to genomic stability.

title: Formation of @entity376 63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains protects XXXX lung cells against @entity4624 -induced mutagenicity.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In staphylococci, @entity3256 ( @entity3256 ) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in @entity794 , but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) @entity5938 strains, 19 (20%) @entity5939 strains, 1 (1%) @entity794 hominis strain, and 1 (1%) @entity794 cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with @entity5938 and @entity5939 , respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

title: Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in @entity3256 -resistant XXXX and @entity5939 strains among outpatients from four countries.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['meticillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity5939 :: ('1283', 'Species') :: ['S. haemolyticus', 'Staphylococcus haemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis']

answer: @entity5938 :: (1282,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']


abstract: In staphylococci, @entity3256 ( @entity3256 ) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in @entity794 , but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) @entity5938 strains, 19 (20%) @entity5939 strains, 1 (1%) @entity794 hominis strain, and 1 (1%) @entity794 cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with @entity5938 and @entity5939 , respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

title: Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in XXXX -resistant @entity5938 and @entity5939 strains among outpatients from four countries.

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: In staphylococci, @entity3256 ( @entity3256 ) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in @entity794 , but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) @entity5938 strains, 19 (20%) @entity5939 strains, 1 (1%) @entity794 hominis strain, and 1 (1%) @entity794 cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with @entity5938 and @entity5939 , respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

title: Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in @entity3256 -resistant @entity5938 and XXXX strains among outpatients from four countries.

answer: @entity5939 :: (1283,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus haemolyticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated in vivo by vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs). However, clinical responses to DC-based vaccination have only been observed in a minority of @entity1 with solid @entity5 . Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of @entity5 cells. It has been shown previously that @entity136 sensitises @entity1 @entity3123 cells against CTL-mediated lysis. Here, a @entity19 @entity3123 model was used to investigate whether combination with @entity136 increases therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccination. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 @entity19 were loaded with UV-irradiated, syngeneic Panc02 @entity189 cells and were administered subcutaneously. For prophylactic vaccination, @entity19 were vaccinated three times at weekly intervals prior to @entity5 challenge with Panc02 cells. Therapeutic vaccination was started when @entity5 formed a palpable @entity9384 . @entity136 was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly. RESULTS: Prophylactic DC-based vaccination completely prevented @entity5 development and induced immunological memory as well as @entity5 antigen-specific CTLs. In the subcutaneous @entity5 model, therapeutic DC-based vaccination was equally effective as @entity136 (14% vs 17% survival at day 58 after @entity5 challenge; controls, 0%). Combination of the two strategies significantly increased survival of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 (50% at day 58 after @entity5 challenge). DC-based vaccination also prevented @entity204 from pulmonary metastatisation after intravenous injection of Panc02 cells. CONCLUSION: DC-based immunotherapy may not only be successfully combined with @entity136 for the treatment of advanced @entity3123 , but may also be effective in preventing local recurrence or metastatisation in @entity5 -free @entity1 .

title: Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with XXXX increases survival in a @entity19 @entity3123 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous and orthotopic tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated in vivo by vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs). However, clinical responses to DC-based vaccination have only been observed in a minority of @entity1 with solid @entity5 . Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of @entity5 cells. It has been shown previously that @entity136 sensitises @entity1 @entity3123 cells against CTL-mediated lysis. Here, a @entity19 @entity3123 model was used to investigate whether combination with @entity136 increases therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccination. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 @entity19 were loaded with UV-irradiated, syngeneic Panc02 @entity189 cells and were administered subcutaneously. For prophylactic vaccination, @entity19 were vaccinated three times at weekly intervals prior to @entity5 challenge with Panc02 cells. Therapeutic vaccination was started when @entity5 formed a palpable @entity9384 . @entity136 was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly. RESULTS: Prophylactic DC-based vaccination completely prevented @entity5 development and induced immunological memory as well as @entity5 antigen-specific CTLs. In the subcutaneous @entity5 model, therapeutic DC-based vaccination was equally effective as @entity136 (14% vs 17% survival at day 58 after @entity5 challenge; controls, 0%). Combination of the two strategies significantly increased survival of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 (50% at day 58 after @entity5 challenge). DC-based vaccination also prevented @entity204 from pulmonary metastatisation after intravenous injection of Panc02 cells. CONCLUSION: DC-based immunotherapy may not only be successfully combined with @entity136 for the treatment of advanced @entity3123 , but may also be effective in preventing local recurrence or metastatisation in @entity5 -free @entity1 .

title: Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with @entity136 increases survival in a @entity19 XXXX model.

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated in vivo by vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs). However, clinical responses to DC-based vaccination have only been observed in a minority of @entity1 with solid @entity5 . Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of @entity5 cells. It has been shown previously that @entity136 sensitises @entity1 @entity3123 cells against CTL-mediated lysis. Here, a @entity19 @entity3123 model was used to investigate whether combination with @entity136 increases therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccination. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 @entity19 were loaded with UV-irradiated, syngeneic Panc02 @entity189 cells and were administered subcutaneously. For prophylactic vaccination, @entity19 were vaccinated three times at weekly intervals prior to @entity5 challenge with Panc02 cells. Therapeutic vaccination was started when @entity5 formed a palpable @entity9384 . @entity136 was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly. RESULTS: Prophylactic DC-based vaccination completely prevented @entity5 development and induced immunological memory as well as @entity5 antigen-specific CTLs. In the subcutaneous @entity5 model, therapeutic DC-based vaccination was equally effective as @entity136 (14% vs 17% survival at day 58 after @entity5 challenge; controls, 0%). Combination of the two strategies significantly increased survival of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 (50% at day 58 after @entity5 challenge). DC-based vaccination also prevented @entity204 from pulmonary metastatisation after intravenous injection of Panc02 cells. CONCLUSION: DC-based immunotherapy may not only be successfully combined with @entity136 for the treatment of advanced @entity3123 , but may also be effective in preventing local recurrence or metastatisation in @entity5 -free @entity1 .

title: Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with @entity136 increases survival in a XXXX @entity3123 model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PROBLEM: To determine if @entity1192 produced by autologous endometrial coculture (AECC) was associated with outcome in @entity1 with a history of multiple @entity52 ( @entity52 ) failures. METHOD OF STUDY: The conditioned media (CM) from AECC cells exposed or non-exposed to @entity1 embryos was analyzed for IL-1. RESULTS: Embryos grown on AECC demonstrated a significant improvement in number of blastomeres and fragmentation (frag) when compared to embryos grown in conventional media without ECC (6.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 1.2 blastomeres and 14.6 +/- 9.3%, vs. 18.4 +/- 9.8% frag; P< 0.008 and 0.003, respectively). When @entity1192 and @entity1356 were undetectable in the CM, the embryos grown in ECC were of improved quality as compared to the embryos grown only in conventional media. Conversely, @entity1193 levels in the CM were positively associated with embryo quality. Exposure or non-exposure to an embryo did not result in differing levels of @entity1192 , @entity1356 , or @entity1193 in the CM. @entity1356 levels were negatively associated with clinical pregnancy outcome (3.3 pg/mL (pregnant, n = 12) vs. 27.1 pg/mL (not pregnant, n = 17); P = 0.008, Mann Whitney U-test). @entity1192 and @entity1193 levels were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a significant improvement in blastomere number and frag with ECC. The presence of @entity1356 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and clinical pregnancy. The presence of @entity1192 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and the presence of @entity1193 in the CM was positively associated with embryonic development. Whether @entity1356 itself interferes with successful outcome after embryo transfer or if it is a marker for undetected @entity7288 in the biopsy specimens remains to be determined.

title: @entity1192 levels in the supernatant of conditioned media of embryos grown in autologous endometrial coculture: correlation with outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in vitro fertilization']


abstract: PROBLEM: To determine if @entity1192 produced by autologous endometrial coculture (AECC) was associated with outcome in @entity1 with a history of multiple @entity52 ( @entity52 ) failures. METHOD OF STUDY: The conditioned media (CM) from AECC cells exposed or non-exposed to @entity1 embryos was analyzed for IL-1. RESULTS: Embryos grown on AECC demonstrated a significant improvement in number of blastomeres and fragmentation (frag) when compared to embryos grown in conventional media without ECC (6.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 1.2 blastomeres and 14.6 +/- 9.3%, vs. 18.4 +/- 9.8% frag; P< 0.008 and 0.003, respectively). When @entity1192 and @entity1356 were undetectable in the CM, the embryos grown in ECC were of improved quality as compared to the embryos grown only in conventional media. Conversely, @entity1193 levels in the CM were positively associated with embryo quality. Exposure or non-exposure to an embryo did not result in differing levels of @entity1192 , @entity1356 , or @entity1193 in the CM. @entity1356 levels were negatively associated with clinical pregnancy outcome (3.3 pg/mL (pregnant, n = 12) vs. 27.1 pg/mL (not pregnant, n = 17); P = 0.008, Mann Whitney U-test). @entity1192 and @entity1193 levels were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a significant improvement in blastomere number and frag with ECC. The presence of @entity1356 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and clinical pregnancy. The presence of @entity1192 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and the presence of @entity1193 in the CM was positively associated with embryonic development. Whether @entity1356 itself interferes with successful outcome after embryo transfer or if it is a marker for undetected @entity7288 in the biopsy specimens remains to be determined.

title: XXXX levels in the supernatant of conditioned media of embryos grown in autologous endometrial coculture: correlation with outcome after @entity52 .

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dark @entity6353 (DC) is one of the richest sources of @entity3088 . Since DC has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, our study examined its effect on platelet reactivity, @entity32 , and lipid levels in healthy subjects. METHODS: In 28 healthy volunteers, we analyzed the effect of one week of DC (providing 700 mg of @entity3088 /day). The primary outcome was to determine the effects of DC consumption on platelet activity measured by flow cytometry ( @entity857 [ @entity857 ]- and @entity1426 [AA]-induced total and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa as well as P-selectin expression). In addition to this, we measured the effect of DC on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), high-density lipid @entity165 (HDL) and low-density lipid @entity165 (LDL) levels. RESULTS: Following seven days of regular DC ingestion, LDL fell by 6% (120 +/- 38 vs 112 +/- 37 mg/dL, P < 0.018) and HDL rose by 9% (66 +/- 23 vs 72 +/- 26 mg/dL, P < 0.0019). @entity857 - and AA-induced activated GPIIb/IIIa expression was reduced by DC [27.3 +/- 27.8 vs 17.4 +/- 20.5 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), P < 0.006; and 9.2 +/- 6.5 vs. 6.1 +/- 2.2 MFI, P < 0.005, respectively]. DC reduced hsCRP levels in @entity1 (1.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 1.4 +/- 1.7 mg/dL, P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: One week of DC ingestion improved lipid profiles and decreased platelet reactivity within the total group while reducing @entity32 only in @entity1 . Regular dark @entity6353 ingestion may have cardioprotective properties. Further long-term research is warranted to evaluate the effect of @entity3088 on cardiovascular health and to determine whether DC's beneficial effects are related to @entity3088 or some yet unknown component. This research is based on a larger study which was presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2007.

title: Dark XXXX effect on platelet activity, C-reactive protein and lipid profile: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6353 :: (3641,Species) :: ['chocolate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Natural Killer cells (NK) are an important part of non-specific cellular-mediated and antitumoral immunity. The goal of this review is to recapitulate data published over NK activity during the perioperative period and the influence of anaesthesia, @entity1337 and modulation of sympathetic system. DATA SOURCES: Pubmed/Medline database. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Keywords-based selection, without limit of date: fundamental studies, randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: In @entity1 as in animal studies, an important correlation exists between NK activity and prognosis linked to the development of @entity3 . The great depression of this @entity137 during the perioperative period could be able to compromise host defenses. The influence of anaesthetics and analgesics is important. The effects of the opioids, the agonists and the antagonists of the sympathetic nervous system, the @entity2918 , the NSAIDs, the @entity3652 , the hypnotics and the locoregional anaesthesia are systematically reviewed. The limits of experimental model presented are covered. CONCLUSION: The effects of anaesthetic/analgesic drugs and techniques, the consequences of sympathomodulation on NK activity are numerous and sometimes opposite. It is important for the anaesthesiologist to keep in mind that the long term consequences of his techniques on the @entity1 ' outcome must be clarified.

title: [Could anaesthesia, XXXX and sympathetic modulation affect neoplasic recurrence after surgery? A systematic review centred over the modulation of natural killer cells activity].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: To explore the therapeutic effects of adenovirus vector mediated transfer of the ICOSIg gene on immuno-inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling in an experimental @entity2401 (EAM) model, pAdeno-ICOSIg was constructed and transfected into HEK 293 cells to produce the ICOSIg adenovirus. Ad- @entity2834 -GFP was used as a control. EAM was induced in Lewis @entity35 by injection of porcine cardiac myosin. The immunized @entity35 were divided into two groups. The inducible co-stimulatory molecule ( @entity41831 ) group received the adenovirus containing ICOSIg on day 14; the green fluorescent protein (GFP) group received the adenovirus containing GFP as the control adenovirus and 15 normal @entity35 (Control group) consisted of the normal controls that were not immunized. On day 28, all @entity35 were euthanized after echocardiography and histopathologically examined for @entity299 . Western blotting was performed to detect @entity41831 , @entity46894 ( @entity46894 ), @entity11017 , @entity6929 , @entity6930 and @entity11018 and real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect B7-1, B7-2 and interleukin (IL)-17 expression. ELISPOT was applied to detect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. Collagen concentration and collagen cross-linking were determined as markers of @entity299 . It was found that blockade with ICOSIg exerted antifibrotic effects on cardiac remodeling in EAM. On day 28, cardiac function and inflammatory @entity296 improved significantly in the @entity41831 group compared to the GFP group. The expression of @entity41831 , the @entity46894 , @entity72736 was statistically significantly lower in the @entity41831 and Control groups compared to the GFP group. ICOSIg significantly augmented Th2 cytokine production and diminished Th1 and Th17 cytokine production. This blockade of the @entity41831 co-stimulatory pathway with ICOSIg alleviated autoimmune inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function. Regulation of the Th1/Th2/Th17 balance may be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect.

title: Adenovirus-mediated ICOSIg gene transfer alleviates cardiac remodeling in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity11017 :: ('81686(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['autoimmune myocarditis']


abstract: @entity1643 is an extremely common symptom, affecting nearly three-quarters of the population sometime in their life. Given that disc herniation is thought to be an extension of progressive @entity1797 that attends the normal aging process, seeking an effective therapy that staves off @entity1797 has been considered a logical attempt to @entity615 . The most apparent cellular and biochemical changes attributable to degeneration include a decrease in cell density in the disc that is accompanied by a reduction in synthesis of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix components. With this in mind, one therapeutic strategy would be to replace, regenerate, or augment the intervertebral disc cell population, with a goal of correcting @entity1887 and restoring normal segment biomechanics. Biological restoration through the use of autologous disc chondrocyte transplantation offers a potential to achieve functional integration of disc metabolism and mechanics. We designed an animal study using the @entity235 as our model to investigate this hypothesis by transplantation of autologous disc-derived chondrocytes into degenerated intervertebral discs. As a result we demonstrated that disc cells remained viable after transplantation; transplanted disc cells produced an extracellular matrix that contained components similar to normal intervertebral disc tissue; a statistically significant correlation between transplanting cells and retention of disc height could displayed. Following these results the @entity7634 Disc Randomized Trial was initiated to embrace a representative @entity1 group with persistent symptoms that had not responded to conservative treatment where an indication for surgical treatment was given. In the interim analyses we evaluated that @entity1 who received autologous disc cell transplantation had greater @entity158 reduction at 2 years compared with @entity1 who did not receive cells following their discectomy surgery and discs in @entity1 that received cells demonstrated a significant difference as a group in the fluid content of their treated disc when compared to control. Autologous disc-derived cell transplantation is technically feasible and biologically relevant to repairing disc damage and retarding @entity1797 . Adipose tissue provides an alternative source of regenerative cells with little donor site morbidity. These regenerative cells are able to differentiate into a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype when exposed to environmental factors similar to disc, and offer the inherent advantage of availability without the need for transporting, culturing, and expanding the cells. In an effort to develop a clinical option for cell placement and assess the response of the cells to the post-surgical milieu, adipose-derived cells were collected, concentrated, and transplanted under fluoroscopic guidance directly into a surgically damaged disc using our @entity235 model. This study provides evidence that cells harvested from adipose tissue might offer a reliable source of regenerative potential capable of bio-restitution.

title: Cell transplantation in lumbar spine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['matrix insufficiencies']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['reduce back pain']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is difficult to differentiate early compensated @entity82 from @entity3619 solely by clinical features. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of @entity409 measurement (LSM) for detection of early compensated @entity1575 in @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ). METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive @entity6194 @entity1 who underwent liver biopsy (LB) and LSM were recruited. All @entity1 did not fulfill the clinical criteria for @entity82 . The cutoff of LSM for @entity82 was 10.3 kPa. RESULTS: All @entity1 were divided into either group A ( @entity82 ) or group B ( @entity6194 ) according to LB result. The median LSM values of groups A and B were 11.8 and 7.6 kPa, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of LSM in predicting @entity82 were 0.59, 0.78, 0.68, and 0.72, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of LSM was 0.803, whereas the AUROCs of @entity5906 to @entity3929 aminotransferase ratio (AAR) and @entity5906 aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were 0.488 and 0.723, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LSM showed an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detecting early compensated @entity82 in @entity6194 .

title: Usefulness of FibroScan for detection of early compensated @entity1575 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver stiffness']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is difficult to differentiate early compensated @entity82 from @entity3619 solely by clinical features. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of @entity409 measurement (LSM) for detection of early compensated @entity1575 in @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ). METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive @entity6194 @entity1 who underwent liver biopsy (LB) and LSM were recruited. All @entity1 did not fulfill the clinical criteria for @entity82 . The cutoff of LSM for @entity82 was 10.3 kPa. RESULTS: All @entity1 were divided into either group A ( @entity82 ) or group B ( @entity6194 ) according to LB result. The median LSM values of groups A and B were 11.8 and 7.6 kPa, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of LSM in predicting @entity82 were 0.59, 0.78, 0.68, and 0.72, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of LSM was 0.803, whereas the AUROCs of @entity5906 to @entity3929 aminotransferase ratio (AAR) and @entity5906 aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were 0.488 and 0.723, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LSM showed an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detecting early compensated @entity82 in @entity6194 .

title: Usefulness of FibroScan for detection of early compensated XXXX in @entity6194 .

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: Five New World camelids were admitted to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine between 1996 and 2003 for evaluation of @entity3330 . There were three @entity7858 and two @entity7857 . Four of the animals were female and three were less than 3 months of age. @entity174 configurations consisted of distal physeal @entity174 (three), a comminuted diaphyseal/metaphyseal @entity174 , and a transverse diaphyseal @entity174 . @entity174 were diagnosed with a combination of physical examination and radiographs in all cases. All five @entity174 were repaired with internal fixation and three animals were discharged from the hospital with @entity174 that healed. One cria underwent successful internal fixation but died from @entity4 during recovery from anaesthesia. @entity260 were rare and limited to inadequate @entity174 stability in one @entity7858 and prolonged recovery to weight bearing in another. One @entity7857 with a comminuted metaphyseal @entity174 , repaired with a 4.5 mm dynamic compression plate, subsequently had catastrophic failure of the bone 17 days after surgery. Overall the clients were pleased with the outcome of discharged animals. Although @entity3330 are considered rare, they pose a unique opportunity for the large animal veterinarian to successfully achieve @entity174 union with the aid of internal fixation.

title: Surgical repair of XXXX in New World camelids: five cases (1996-2003).

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that increased long-term mortality after hospitalization for @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is independent of comorbid conditions. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study in metropolitan areas. SETTING: Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. @entity1 : Three thousand seventy-five subjects aged 70 to 79 over 5.2 years. MEASUREMENTS: Unadjusted and adjusted mortality from an initial hospitalization for @entity497 were compared with mortality from different causes of hospitalization, including @entity5 , @entity174 , @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity64 ( @entity64 ), and other causes. Demographics, smoking, nutritional markers, functional status, inflammatory markers, and chronic health conditions were adjusted for. RESULTS: Of the 106 subjects hospitalized for @entity497 , 22 (20.8%) and 38 (35.8%) died at 1 and 5 years. Subjects hospitalized with @entity497 had higher mortality than nonhospitalized subjects (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=7.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.2-14.4). One- and 5-year mortality after @entity497 hospitalization were higher than mortality from other causes requiring hospitalization and remained unchanged in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.5-8.1; adjusted OR=5.6, 95% CI=2.8-11.2, respectively). One- and 5-year mortality after hospitalization for @entity497 were similar to or higher than mortality after an initial hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity64 , or @entity174 . Rehospitalization was common in subjects hospitalized for @entity497 and may explain greater long-term mortality. CONCLUSION: In this high-functioning cohort of older @entity1 , an initial hospitalization for @entity497 was associated with greater long-term mortality, independent of prehospitalization comorbid conditions. Hospitalization for @entity497 has as serious a prognosis as hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity64 , or major @entity174 .

title: Influence of comorbid conditions on long-term mortality after pneumonia in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident', 'stroke', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1204 in the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is a poorly described @entity5 that can be clinically confused with @entity189 . We performed a case-comparison study to document the clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity5 and their association with risk factors for @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical records and pathology reports from @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy at our institution for @entity1204 over an 11-year interval were reviewed. The @entity1347 group consisted of @entity1 with @entity1204 that clearly originated between the lower uterine corpus and the upper endocervix. Immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability and @entity6756 methylation assays were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-five (3.5%) of 1,009 @entity1 had @entity1204 of the @entity1347 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity1347 @entity1 were younger, had higher stage @entity5 , and had more @entity3 . Preoperative diagnosis of the @entity5 more frequently included the possibility of @entity420 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity5 had an immunohistochemical expression pattern typical of conventional @entity4348 . Ten (29%) of 35 @entity1 with @entity5 were confirmed to have @entity4309 or were strongly suspected to have @entity4309 on the basis of tissue-based molecular assays. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity4309 in @entity1 with @entity1347 @entity1204 (29%) is much greater than that of the general @entity1204 @entity1 population (1.8%) or in @entity1204 @entity1 younger than age 50 years (8% to 9%). On the basis of our results, the possibility of @entity4309 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the @entity1347 : a newly described association with @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial or endocervical adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial tumors', 'Endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['corpus tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors', 'LUS tumors']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['lower uterine segment', 'LUS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['endocervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['endocervical adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1204 in the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is a poorly described @entity5 that can be clinically confused with @entity189 . We performed a case-comparison study to document the clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity5 and their association with risk factors for @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical records and pathology reports from @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy at our institution for @entity1204 over an 11-year interval were reviewed. The @entity1347 group consisted of @entity1 with @entity1204 that clearly originated between the lower uterine corpus and the upper endocervix. Immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability and @entity6756 methylation assays were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-five (3.5%) of 1,009 @entity1 had @entity1204 of the @entity1347 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity1347 @entity1 were younger, had higher stage @entity5 , and had more @entity3 . Preoperative diagnosis of the @entity5 more frequently included the possibility of @entity420 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity5 had an immunohistochemical expression pattern typical of conventional @entity4348 . Ten (29%) of 35 @entity1 with @entity5 were confirmed to have @entity4309 or were strongly suspected to have @entity4309 on the basis of tissue-based molecular assays. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity4309 in @entity1 with @entity1347 @entity1204 (29%) is much greater than that of the general @entity1204 @entity1 population (1.8%) or in @entity1204 @entity1 younger than age 50 years (8% to 9%). On the basis of our results, the possibility of @entity4309 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: @entity189 of the @entity1347 : a newly described association with XXXX .

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1204 in the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is a poorly described @entity5 that can be clinically confused with @entity189 . We performed a case-comparison study to document the clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity5 and their association with risk factors for @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical records and pathology reports from @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy at our institution for @entity1204 over an 11-year interval were reviewed. The @entity1347 group consisted of @entity1 with @entity1204 that clearly originated between the lower uterine corpus and the upper endocervix. Immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability and @entity6756 methylation assays were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-five (3.5%) of 1,009 @entity1 had @entity1204 of the @entity1347 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity1347 @entity1 were younger, had higher stage @entity5 , and had more @entity3 . Preoperative diagnosis of the @entity5 more frequently included the possibility of @entity420 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity5 had an immunohistochemical expression pattern typical of conventional @entity4348 . Ten (29%) of 35 @entity1 with @entity5 were confirmed to have @entity4309 or were strongly suspected to have @entity4309 on the basis of tissue-based molecular assays. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity4309 in @entity1 with @entity1347 @entity1204 (29%) is much greater than that of the general @entity1204 @entity1 population (1.8%) or in @entity1204 @entity1 younger than age 50 years (8% to 9%). On the basis of our results, the possibility of @entity4309 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: @entity189 of the XXXX : a newly described association with @entity4309 .

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['lower uterine segment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) to treat residual @entity2516 after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTINGS: Isik Eye Clinic, Ankara, @entity233 . METHODS: This retrospective study included 24 eyes of 15 @entity1 who had retreatment by LASEK for residual @entity2516 after myopic LASIK. All @entity1 had examinations that included slitlamp biomicroscopy, subjective and cycloplegic refractions, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity, corneal topography, and pachymetry preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative examinations were performed at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: The @entity1 cohort comprised 9 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 . The median spherical equivalent (SE) of attempted correction for retreatment with LASEK was -1.25 diopters (D). The median follow-up after LASEK was 11.5 months (range 6 to 16 months). At the end of the follow-up, the median SE of the @entity2516 was -0.38 D. The median UCVA increased from 20/45 before LASEK to 20/25 at the last follow-up visit, which was statistically significant (P<.001). After LASEK, significant postoperative haze developed in 5 eyes. In all 5 eyes, the estimated ablation depth was more than 40 mum and the SE of attempted correction was -2.00 D or greater. CONCLUSIONS: Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy retreatment in eyes with myopic regression after LASIK resulted in a significant improvement in UCVA that was comparable to the improvement after flap lifting. An SE of attempted correction greater than -2.00 D was associated with a significant rate of haze.

title: Effectiveness of laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy to treat residual XXXX after laser in situ keratomileusis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors', 'refractive error']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: Extensive dendritic beading of @entity19744 ( @entity19744 ) immunoreactivity has previously been observed in the contused @entity35 spinal cord. However, we have also observed dendritic beading in occasional uninjured animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility that perfusion conditions contributed to the dendritic beading. Under deep anesthesia, uninjured @entity35 (adult female Long-Evans, 200-225 g) were transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline solution followed by 4% @entity1604 at cold (4 degrees C) or warm (20 degrees C) temperature, and at a low (20 ml/min) or high (50 ml/min) flow rate. Dendrites were visualized by @entity19744 immunoreactivity. The results demonstrate that perfusion with cold solutions at a high flow rate induces pronounced dendritic beading, and when perfused at a low flow rate, results in moderate dendritic beading. Warm perfusates did not induce dendritic beading when administered at a low flow rate, but occasional beading was observed with a high flow rate. Western blots revealed spectrin breakdown, but not @entity19744 loss, in @entity35 perfused with cold saline solution at a high flow rate, conditions that also resulted in dendritic beading. These findings demonstrate that dendritic morphology is sensitive to both temperature and flow rate of the perfusate. Warm fixative and a low perfusion flow rate minimized the perfusion-induced dendritic beading.

title: Artifactual dendritic beading in @entity35 spinal cord induced by perfusion with cold saline and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein 2', 'MAP2']

answer: @entity1604 :: (MESH:C003043,Chemical) :: ['paraformaldehyde']


abstract: Extensive dendritic beading of @entity19744 ( @entity19744 ) immunoreactivity has previously been observed in the contused @entity35 spinal cord. However, we have also observed dendritic beading in occasional uninjured animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility that perfusion conditions contributed to the dendritic beading. Under deep anesthesia, uninjured @entity35 (adult female Long-Evans, 200-225 g) were transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline solution followed by 4% @entity1604 at cold (4 degrees C) or warm (20 degrees C) temperature, and at a low (20 ml/min) or high (50 ml/min) flow rate. Dendrites were visualized by @entity19744 immunoreactivity. The results demonstrate that perfusion with cold solutions at a high flow rate induces pronounced dendritic beading, and when perfused at a low flow rate, results in moderate dendritic beading. Warm perfusates did not induce dendritic beading when administered at a low flow rate, but occasional beading was observed with a high flow rate. Western blots revealed spectrin breakdown, but not @entity19744 loss, in @entity35 perfused with cold saline solution at a high flow rate, conditions that also resulted in dendritic beading. These findings demonstrate that dendritic morphology is sensitive to both temperature and flow rate of the perfusate. Warm fixative and a low perfusion flow rate minimized the perfusion-induced dendritic beading.

title: Artifactual dendritic beading in XXXX spinal cord induced by perfusion with cold saline and @entity1604 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: CONTEXT: The role of @entity1674 in the risk of @entity385 remains controversial. Recently, a strong association was found between elevated levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , which indicate the presence of remnant lipoproteins, and increased risk of @entity741 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased levels of nonfasting @entity1674 are associated with @entity385 in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective, Danish population-based cohort study initiated in 1976, with follow-up through July 2007. @entity1 were 13,956 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20 through 93 years. A cross-sectional study included 9637 individuals attending the 1991-1994 examination of the prospective study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prospective study: baseline levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , other risk factors at baseline and at follow-up examinations, and incidence of @entity385 . Cross-sectional study: levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , levels of remnant @entity165 , and prevalence of @entity385 . RESULTS: Of the 13,956 @entity1 in the prospective study, 1529 developed @entity385 . Cumulative incidence of @entity385 increased with increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1674 (log-rank trend, P < .001). @entity1 with elevated nonfasting @entity412 levels of 89 through 176 mg/dL had multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity385 of 1.3 (95% CI, 0.8-1.9; 351 events); for 177 through 265 mg/dL, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.5; 189 events); for 266 through 353 mg/dL, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.7; 73 events); for 354 through 442 mg/dL, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.2; 40 events); and for 443 mg/dL or greater, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3-4.8; 41 events) vs @entity1 with nonfasting levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 85 events) (P < .001 for trend). Corresponding values for @entity1 were 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9-1.7; 407 events), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-2.9; 135 events), 1.4 (95% CI, 0.7-2.9; 26 events), 2.5 (95% CI, 1.0-6.4; 13 events), and 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3-11; 10 events) vs @entity1 with nonfasting @entity412 levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 159 events) (P < .001 for trend). Absolute 10-year risk of @entity385 ranged from 2.6% in @entity1 younger than 55 years with nonfasting @entity412 levels of less than 89 mg/dL to 16.7% in @entity1 aged 55 years or older with levels of 443 mg/dL or greater. Corresponding values in @entity1 were 1.9% and 12.2%. In the cross-sectional study, @entity1 with a previous @entity385 vs controls had nonfasting @entity412 levels of 191 (IQR, 131-259) mg/dL vs 148 (IQR, 104-214) mg/dL (P < .01); corresponding values for @entity1 were 167 (IQR, 121-229) mg/dL vs 127 (IQR, 91-181) mg/dL (P < .05). For remnant @entity165 , corresponding values were 38 (IQR, 26-51) mg/dL vs 29 (IQR, 20-42) mg/dL in @entity1 (P < .01) and 33 (IQR, 24-45) mg/dL vs 25 (IQR, 18-35) mg/dL in @entity1 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: In this study population, nonfasting @entity412 levels were associated with risk of @entity385 .

title: Nonfasting XXXX and risk of @entity385 in the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: CONTEXT: The role of @entity1674 in the risk of @entity385 remains controversial. Recently, a strong association was found between elevated levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , which indicate the presence of remnant lipoproteins, and increased risk of @entity741 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased levels of nonfasting @entity1674 are associated with @entity385 in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective, Danish population-based cohort study initiated in 1976, with follow-up through July 2007. @entity1 were 13,956 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20 through 93 years. A cross-sectional study included 9637 individuals attending the 1991-1994 examination of the prospective study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prospective study: baseline levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , other risk factors at baseline and at follow-up examinations, and incidence of @entity385 . Cross-sectional study: levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , levels of remnant @entity165 , and prevalence of @entity385 . RESULTS: Of the 13,956 @entity1 in the prospective study, 1529 developed @entity385 . Cumulative incidence of @entity385 increased with increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1674 (log-rank trend, P < .001). @entity1 with elevated nonfasting @entity412 levels of 89 through 176 mg/dL had multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity385 of 1.3 (95% CI, 0.8-1.9; 351 events); for 177 through 265 mg/dL, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.5; 189 events); for 266 through 353 mg/dL, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.7; 73 events); for 354 through 442 mg/dL, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.2; 40 events); and for 443 mg/dL or greater, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3-4.8; 41 events) vs @entity1 with nonfasting levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 85 events) (P < .001 for trend). Corresponding values for @entity1 were 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9-1.7; 407 events), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-2.9; 135 events), 1.4 (95% CI, 0.7-2.9; 26 events), 2.5 (95% CI, 1.0-6.4; 13 events), and 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3-11; 10 events) vs @entity1 with nonfasting @entity412 levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 159 events) (P < .001 for trend). Absolute 10-year risk of @entity385 ranged from 2.6% in @entity1 younger than 55 years with nonfasting @entity412 levels of less than 89 mg/dL to 16.7% in @entity1 aged 55 years or older with levels of 443 mg/dL or greater. Corresponding values in @entity1 were 1.9% and 12.2%. In the cross-sectional study, @entity1 with a previous @entity385 vs controls had nonfasting @entity412 levels of 191 (IQR, 131-259) mg/dL vs 148 (IQR, 104-214) mg/dL (P < .01); corresponding values for @entity1 were 167 (IQR, 121-229) mg/dL vs 127 (IQR, 91-181) mg/dL (P < .05). For remnant @entity165 , corresponding values were 38 (IQR, 26-51) mg/dL vs 29 (IQR, 20-42) mg/dL in @entity1 (P < .01) and 33 (IQR, 24-45) mg/dL vs 25 (IQR, 18-35) mg/dL in @entity1 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: In this study population, nonfasting @entity412 levels were associated with risk of @entity385 .

title: Nonfasting @entity1674 and risk of XXXX in the general population.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The records of 187 consecutive @entity1 (206 eyes) with a diagnosis of secondary premacular @entity82 were reviewed. The mean @entity1 age was 63.2 years; 96 (51.3%) @entity1 were @entity1 . The most common surgical causes in 175 eyes were @entity231 extraction with or without implant, 73 (41.7%); scleral buckle, 33 (18.9%); both @entity231 extraction with implant and scleral buckle (in separate surgical sessions), 20 (11.4%); argon laser procedures, 17 (9.7%); and @entity5995 cryopexy, 14 (8.0%). The most common nonsurgical causes in 31 eyes were blunt @entity2194 , 12 (38.7%); @entity1596 , 9 (29.0%); and @entity2994 , 5 (16.1%). Initial visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 120 of the 206 eyes (58.3%). After a minimum follow-up period of 6 months (mean, 44.2 months), 72 of 101 eyes (71.3%) had stable or improved visual acuity without surgical intervention. Of 32 eyes that underwent vitrectomy with membrane stripping, 25 of 26 eyes (96.2%) followed for a mean period of 24 months (minimum, 6 months) had stable or improved visual acuity. Of 157 eyes that did not undergo vitrectomy, 143 (91.1%) had @entity20699 . Fifty-eight of 148 eyes (39.2%) had angiographic @entity1103 ; however, vitreous traction at the macula was not a significant cause of @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) in these eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Secondary causes of premacular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['partial or complete posterior detachment']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeautic effect of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) applicated to thoracolumbar burst @entity174 complicated with severe @entity1230 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with severe polytrama including 15 males and 6 females with an average age of 40-years-old ranging from 20 to 60 years, were treated by immediate fluid resuscitation and emergency simple operation so as to control the @entity548 and contamination. According to Frankel grade of spinal nerves function, 3 cases were grade A, 3 were grade B, 9 were grade C, 6 were grade D. Ten cases were performed to open abdominal operation, 6 cases underwent closed negative pressure drainage thorough chest, 2 cases with @entity358 were treated by repairing operation. During operation, 9 cases were treated with by external fixation and 5 cases were skeletal traction or external fixation with plaster support for extremities @entity174 . After emergency operation, the @entity1 were transported into surgical intensive care unit (SICU), and corrected the @entity2332 , @entity520 and @entity3459 . The definitive thoracolumbar operation was performed between 5 to 7 days as soon as the vital signs became stable. RESULTS: Among 21 cases, @entity548 was corrected rapidly in 18 cases and 3 cases died in 4 to 26 hours. The survival rate was about 85.7% (18/21). Eighteen @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 14 months with an average of 10 months. According to Frankel grading, 3 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 3 cases were grade C, 3 cases were grade D, 7 cases were grade E. CONCLUSION: It may increase the therapy achievement rate excellently and decrease the disabled rate that performing damage control orthopaedics (DCO) timely, relifing the compression on the spinal cord and re-establishing the stability of spinal column as early as possible.

title: [Damage control orthopaedics of thoracolumbar burst @entity174 complicated with severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['trauma hemorrhagic shock', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung rupture']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['polytrauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeautic effect of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) applicated to thoracolumbar burst @entity174 complicated with severe @entity1230 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with severe polytrama including 15 males and 6 females with an average age of 40-years-old ranging from 20 to 60 years, were treated by immediate fluid resuscitation and emergency simple operation so as to control the @entity548 and contamination. According to Frankel grade of spinal nerves function, 3 cases were grade A, 3 were grade B, 9 were grade C, 6 were grade D. Ten cases were performed to open abdominal operation, 6 cases underwent closed negative pressure drainage thorough chest, 2 cases with @entity358 were treated by repairing operation. During operation, 9 cases were treated with by external fixation and 5 cases were skeletal traction or external fixation with plaster support for extremities @entity174 . After emergency operation, the @entity1 were transported into surgical intensive care unit (SICU), and corrected the @entity2332 , @entity520 and @entity3459 . The definitive thoracolumbar operation was performed between 5 to 7 days as soon as the vital signs became stable. RESULTS: Among 21 cases, @entity548 was corrected rapidly in 18 cases and 3 cases died in 4 to 26 hours. The survival rate was about 85.7% (18/21). Eighteen @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 14 months with an average of 10 months. According to Frankel grading, 3 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 3 cases were grade C, 3 cases were grade D, 7 cases were grade E. CONCLUSION: It may increase the therapy achievement rate excellently and decrease the disabled rate that performing damage control orthopaedics (DCO) timely, relifing the compression on the spinal cord and re-establishing the stability of spinal column as early as possible.

title: [Damage control orthopaedics of thoracolumbar burst XXXX complicated with severe @entity1230 ].

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Fatigue is prevalent among @entity5 @entity1 , including @entity978 ( @entity978 ). Fatigue is poorly understood, and the clinical management is consequently difficult. This cross-sectional study examined how @entity1295 related to @entity146 morbidity among 457 @entity978 (aged 19-74 years, 56% males) treated during the period 1971-1991. The subjects were mailed a questionnaire including the Fatigue Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and measures of previous @entity146 problems. Fatigue correlated moderately with @entity148 and @entity308 (r = 0.44 and 0.41 respectively). Twenty-six percent of the @entity978 had substantial @entity1295 for 6 months or longer (=cases). They had higher levels of @entity148 (mean 7.3, 95% CI 6.4-8.1) and @entity308 (mean 4.5, 95% CI 3.8-5.2) than the non-cases ( @entity148 : mean 4.3, 95% CI 3.9-4.7; @entity308 : mean 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.5). Past @entity146 problems were not reported more commonly among the @entity1295 cases than among the non-cases. A multiple logistic regression analysis identified age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06), @entity148 (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-1.3), and no self-reported @entity146 symptoms during treatment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-4.2) as predictors of @entity1295 caseness. One-half of the @entity1295 cases among @entity978 have @entity458 that might respond to treatment. Chronic @entity1295 among @entity978 is not predicted by previous @entity146 problems.

title: Fatigue and @entity146 morbidity among XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease survivors", 'HDS']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease survivors']


abstract: Fatigue is prevalent among @entity5 @entity1 , including @entity978 ( @entity978 ). Fatigue is poorly understood, and the clinical management is consequently difficult. This cross-sectional study examined how @entity1295 related to @entity146 morbidity among 457 @entity978 (aged 19-74 years, 56% males) treated during the period 1971-1991. The subjects were mailed a questionnaire including the Fatigue Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and measures of previous @entity146 problems. Fatigue correlated moderately with @entity148 and @entity308 (r = 0.44 and 0.41 respectively). Twenty-six percent of the @entity978 had substantial @entity1295 for 6 months or longer (=cases). They had higher levels of @entity148 (mean 7.3, 95% CI 6.4-8.1) and @entity308 (mean 4.5, 95% CI 3.8-5.2) than the non-cases ( @entity148 : mean 4.3, 95% CI 3.9-4.7; @entity308 : mean 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.5). Past @entity146 problems were not reported more commonly among the @entity1295 cases than among the non-cases. A multiple logistic regression analysis identified age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06), @entity148 (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-1.3), and no self-reported @entity146 symptoms during treatment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-4.2) as predictors of @entity1295 caseness. One-half of the @entity1295 cases among @entity978 have @entity458 that might respond to treatment. Chronic @entity1295 among @entity978 is not predicted by previous @entity146 problems.

title: Fatigue and XXXX morbidity among @entity978 .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity370 is a @entity262 of unknown etiology that is characterized by the formation of noncaseating @entity738 . Gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement in @entity370 is rare. @entity356 , particularly involving the antrum, affects approximately 10% of @entity1 with @entity262 . @entity344 commonly occurs subclinically, with clinical manifestations present in only 0.1 to 0.9% of @entity1 with the disease. This is a rare case report of an individual with symptomatic @entity356 . The @entity1 presented with @entity353 , @entity390 , and early satiety. An EGD and colonoscopy were performed and were grossly normal. However, biopsies of the gastric antrum revealed noncaseating @entity32 involving the gastric mucosa. Corticosteroid therapy was started and the symptoms abated almost immediately. We also offer a review of the literature.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic granulomatous disease', 'systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric sarcoidosis', 'gastric sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric sarcoidosis']


abstract: A. Storey et al. [Nature (Lond.), 393: 229-234, 1998)] reported a 7-fold increased risk of @entity5 associated with having an @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism at codon 72 of @entity876 compared with the Pro/ @entity534 heterozygotes (odds ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-29.4). Complementary in vitro studies suggested that the HPV E6 oncoprotein more readily targets the @entity369 form, as opposed to the @entity1521 form, of @entity876 for degradation. We investigated the impact of this polymorphism in a population-based case-control study of @entity3 . Using a PCR assay to detect the @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism, we tested blood samples from 111 @entity1 with invasive @entity1544 of the cervix identified by a population-based registry and 164 random-digit telephone-dialed controls. The distribution of the genotype among control @entity1 was 38% heterozygous, 7% @entity1521 homozygous, and 55% @entity369 homozygous, and among the cases was 38%, 6%, and 56%, respectively. There was no increased risk of @entity1544 associated with homozygosity for the @entity369 allele (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.7). Furthermore, there was no modification of this result by @entity1082 ) DNA status of the @entity5 , age, or smoking status. Among controls, there was no association between the polymorphism and @entity1799 L1 seropositivity. However, among case subjects, the codon 72 polymorphism may be related to @entity1799 L1 seropositivity status.

title: The XXXX Arg72Pro polymorphism, @entity1082 , and invasive @entity1544 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell invasive cervical cancer', 'squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: A. Storey et al. [Nature (Lond.), 393: 229-234, 1998)] reported a 7-fold increased risk of @entity5 associated with having an @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism at codon 72 of @entity876 compared with the Pro/ @entity534 heterozygotes (odds ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-29.4). Complementary in vitro studies suggested that the HPV E6 oncoprotein more readily targets the @entity369 form, as opposed to the @entity1521 form, of @entity876 for degradation. We investigated the impact of this polymorphism in a population-based case-control study of @entity3 . Using a PCR assay to detect the @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism, we tested blood samples from 111 @entity1 with invasive @entity1544 of the cervix identified by a population-based registry and 164 random-digit telephone-dialed controls. The distribution of the genotype among control @entity1 was 38% heterozygous, 7% @entity1521 homozygous, and 55% @entity369 homozygous, and among the cases was 38%, 6%, and 56%, respectively. There was no increased risk of @entity1544 associated with homozygosity for the @entity369 allele (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.7). Furthermore, there was no modification of this result by @entity1082 ) DNA status of the @entity5 , age, or smoking status. Among controls, there was no association between the polymorphism and @entity1799 L1 seropositivity. However, among case subjects, the codon 72 polymorphism may be related to @entity1799 L1 seropositivity status.

title: The @entity876 Arg72Pro polymorphism, XXXX , and invasive @entity1544 .

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: A. Storey et al. [Nature (Lond.), 393: 229-234, 1998)] reported a 7-fold increased risk of @entity5 associated with having an @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism at codon 72 of @entity876 compared with the Pro/ @entity534 heterozygotes (odds ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-29.4). Complementary in vitro studies suggested that the HPV E6 oncoprotein more readily targets the @entity369 form, as opposed to the @entity1521 form, of @entity876 for degradation. We investigated the impact of this polymorphism in a population-based case-control study of @entity3 . Using a PCR assay to detect the @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism, we tested blood samples from 111 @entity1 with invasive @entity1544 of the cervix identified by a population-based registry and 164 random-digit telephone-dialed controls. The distribution of the genotype among control @entity1 was 38% heterozygous, 7% @entity1521 homozygous, and 55% @entity369 homozygous, and among the cases was 38%, 6%, and 56%, respectively. There was no increased risk of @entity1544 associated with homozygosity for the @entity369 allele (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.7). Furthermore, there was no modification of this result by @entity1082 ) DNA status of the @entity5 , age, or smoking status. Among controls, there was no association between the polymorphism and @entity1799 L1 seropositivity. However, among case subjects, the codon 72 polymorphism may be related to @entity1799 L1 seropositivity status.

title: The @entity876 Arg72Pro polymorphism, @entity1082 , and invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although there are effective ways of treating @entity101 , only a minority of all @entity101 @entity1 reach target blood pressure levels. This may be a function of how @entity1 and physicians put measured values into context when they decide if the blood pressure is well controlled or too high. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative analysis of audio-taped follow-up appointments for @entity101 between 51 outpatients and their 11 physicians. All @entity1 came for routine follow-up appointments for @entity101 . The setting was primary and a specialist outpatient care in the south of Sweden. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Borderline blood pressure values led to more deliberation. Common ways of contextualising the blood pressure were by comparing it to previous values and by explaining it in terms of stress or lack of rest. The net effect of this was that the representativity and severity of the measured blood pressure value were downplayed by both @entity1 and physicians. In some instances, physicians (but not @entity1 ) worked in the opposite direction. @entity1 were less actively engaged in interpreting the blood pressure values, stated their views about therapy less often, and were careful not to express views that were overly critical of the drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and physicians make sense of the blood pressure through a contextualisation process which tends to normalise the face values towards the reference values. The resulting (processed) value is the one acted upon. Discursive handling of the blood pressure therefore makes up an important part of the decision-making.

title: Making sense of blood pressure values in follow-up appointments for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity510 ( @entity510 ) stands out from other subtypes of @entity64 because of the high early mortality and the risk of complications. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (s- @entity538 ) concentrations are increased after @entity64 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether s- @entity538 could be used as a marker of @entity75 and outcome after @entity510 . METHODS: Serum samples were obtained on a regular basis from 116 adults during a 2-week period after @entity510 and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale was used for neurological evaluation. Outcome was assessed after 1 year and categorized according to the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Increased s- @entity538 levels were seen in 81 of the 116 @entity1 . Maximum s- @entity538 correlated with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale on arrival and on days 10 to 15 (r=0.37, P<0.001 and r=0.47, P<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, maximum s- @entity538 levels were increased in the @entity1 group with radiological signs of focal lesions acute or at 1 year, compared with the group without focal lesions (P<0.001 in both comparisons). @entity1 with secondary events (re- @entity548 or @entity63 ) reached maximum levels later in the series and both maximum and final s- @entity538 levels increased compared with the levels in @entity1 without secondary events (P<0.001 in all 3 comparisons). Finally, maximum s- @entity538 correlated with outcome (r=-0.48, P<0.001) and s- @entity538 was an independent predictor of dichotomized outcome. CONCLUSIONS: s- @entity538 provides information about @entity1545 severity and outcome after @entity510 , which can be useful as a complement to clinical data.

title: Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein is related to focal @entity1545 and outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aSAH', 'Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity510 ( @entity510 ) stands out from other subtypes of @entity64 because of the high early mortality and the risk of complications. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (s- @entity538 ) concentrations are increased after @entity64 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether s- @entity538 could be used as a marker of @entity75 and outcome after @entity510 . METHODS: Serum samples were obtained on a regular basis from 116 adults during a 2-week period after @entity510 and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale was used for neurological evaluation. Outcome was assessed after 1 year and categorized according to the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Increased s- @entity538 levels were seen in 81 of the 116 @entity1 . Maximum s- @entity538 correlated with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale on arrival and on days 10 to 15 (r=0.37, P<0.001 and r=0.47, P<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, maximum s- @entity538 levels were increased in the @entity1 group with radiological signs of focal lesions acute or at 1 year, compared with the group without focal lesions (P<0.001 in both comparisons). @entity1 with secondary events (re- @entity548 or @entity63 ) reached maximum levels later in the series and both maximum and final s- @entity538 levels increased compared with the levels in @entity1 without secondary events (P<0.001 in all 3 comparisons). Finally, maximum s- @entity538 correlated with outcome (r=-0.48, P<0.001) and s- @entity538 was an independent predictor of dichotomized outcome. CONCLUSIONS: s- @entity538 provides information about @entity1545 severity and outcome after @entity510 , which can be useful as a complement to clinical data.

title: Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein is related to focal XXXX and outcome after @entity510 .

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective was to study immune regulation in a @entity19 model of @entity309 that exhibits considerable heterogeneity of disease activity. METHODS: T-cell receptor @entity19 , in which nearly all @entity1961 + T cells recognize a single peptide of type II collagen, were immunized with collagen and observed for development of @entity625 for 4 weeks. At 28 days post-immunization, splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and in vitro assays for markers of immune activation and regulation. RESULTS: Disease severities ranging from 0 to 12 (on a 12-point scale) were observed. Among splenic lymphocyte populations, only the @entity6689 + B-cell subset displayed a @entity393 as @entity625 severity increased. Splenic @entity6689 + B cells expressed higher levels of @entity9699 ( @entity9699 ) than did @entity1961 + T cells or @entity6689 - B cells in all mice, and antigen-dependent @entity204 correlated with higher levels of @entity6689 + B cells in cocultures. Ratios of @entity636 to @entity60 production were higher in antigen-driven cultures of splenocytes from severely arthritic @entity19 compared to mildly or nonarthritic @entity19 . A correlation was established between the reduced production of @entity636 in antigen-driven T-cell/B-cell cocultures and @entity9699 , but not @entity1618 . Confirmation of the direct killing effect of B cells on T cells was demonstrated using an antigen-specific T hybridoma cell line. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced numbers of splenic @entity9699 + @entity6689 + B cells correlated with increasing @entity625 severity and @entity204 in a T-cell receptor transgenic @entity19 model of collagen-induced @entity625 . These 'killer' B cells may provide a novel mechanism for inducing @entity204 as a treatment for @entity625 .

title: Reduced XXXX -expressing splenic @entity6689 + B lymphocytes in severe collagen-induced @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in relative numbers']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell death', 'decreased T-cell death']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity9699 :: (14103(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Fas ligand']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective was to study immune regulation in a @entity19 model of @entity309 that exhibits considerable heterogeneity of disease activity. METHODS: T-cell receptor @entity19 , in which nearly all @entity1961 + T cells recognize a single peptide of type II collagen, were immunized with collagen and observed for development of @entity625 for 4 weeks. At 28 days post-immunization, splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and in vitro assays for markers of immune activation and regulation. RESULTS: Disease severities ranging from 0 to 12 (on a 12-point scale) were observed. Among splenic lymphocyte populations, only the @entity6689 + B-cell subset displayed a @entity393 as @entity625 severity increased. Splenic @entity6689 + B cells expressed higher levels of @entity9699 ( @entity9699 ) than did @entity1961 + T cells or @entity6689 - B cells in all mice, and antigen-dependent @entity204 correlated with higher levels of @entity6689 + B cells in cocultures. Ratios of @entity636 to @entity60 production were higher in antigen-driven cultures of splenocytes from severely arthritic @entity19 compared to mildly or nonarthritic @entity19 . A correlation was established between the reduced production of @entity636 in antigen-driven T-cell/B-cell cocultures and @entity9699 , but not @entity1618 . Confirmation of the direct killing effect of B cells on T cells was demonstrated using an antigen-specific T hybridoma cell line. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced numbers of splenic @entity9699 + @entity6689 + B cells correlated with increasing @entity625 severity and @entity204 in a T-cell receptor transgenic @entity19 model of collagen-induced @entity625 . These 'killer' B cells may provide a novel mechanism for inducing @entity204 as a treatment for @entity625 .

title: Reduced @entity9699 -expressing splenic XXXX + B lymphocytes in severe collagen-induced @entity625 .

answer: @entity6689 :: (12507(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD5']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective was to study immune regulation in a @entity19 model of @entity309 that exhibits considerable heterogeneity of disease activity. METHODS: T-cell receptor @entity19 , in which nearly all @entity1961 + T cells recognize a single peptide of type II collagen, were immunized with collagen and observed for development of @entity625 for 4 weeks. At 28 days post-immunization, splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and in vitro assays for markers of immune activation and regulation. RESULTS: Disease severities ranging from 0 to 12 (on a 12-point scale) were observed. Among splenic lymphocyte populations, only the @entity6689 + B-cell subset displayed a @entity393 as @entity625 severity increased. Splenic @entity6689 + B cells expressed higher levels of @entity9699 ( @entity9699 ) than did @entity1961 + T cells or @entity6689 - B cells in all mice, and antigen-dependent @entity204 correlated with higher levels of @entity6689 + B cells in cocultures. Ratios of @entity636 to @entity60 production were higher in antigen-driven cultures of splenocytes from severely arthritic @entity19 compared to mildly or nonarthritic @entity19 . A correlation was established between the reduced production of @entity636 in antigen-driven T-cell/B-cell cocultures and @entity9699 , but not @entity1618 . Confirmation of the direct killing effect of B cells on T cells was demonstrated using an antigen-specific T hybridoma cell line. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced numbers of splenic @entity9699 + @entity6689 + B cells correlated with increasing @entity625 severity and @entity204 in a T-cell receptor transgenic @entity19 model of collagen-induced @entity625 . These 'killer' B cells may provide a novel mechanism for inducing @entity204 as a treatment for @entity625 .

title: Reduced @entity9699 -expressing splenic @entity6689 + B lymphocytes in severe collagen-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: @entity20398 is an experimental antibacterial and antiendotoxic compound whose clinical utility as an antitumor agent is being investigated in @entity1 clinical trials. @entity20398 in aqueous solution exists in equilibrium with @entity72740 . @entity72740 is subsequently transformed to @entity72741 . The pharmacokinetic profiles of these metabolites are not well established. In this study, 18 healthy volunteers were administered 5.0 g of @entity20398 in 250 mL of 5% @entity4280 in water over 2, 1, or 0.5 hours by intravenous infusion in a parallel-group design. All subjects noted discomfort at the infusion site, although there were no serious adverse events. t(max) generally occurred at the end of infusion for @entity72741 , whereas that of @entity72740 was reached before completion of infusion. The @entity20398 metabolite @entity72740 demonstrated a shorter half-life and lower systemic exposure than @entity72741 . Shortening of infusion duration increased the C(max) and AUC of @entity72740 . Changes in infusion rate did not substantially change the pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity72741 .

title: The pharmacokinetics of XXXX metabolites in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity20398 :: ('MESH:C012566', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurolidine', 'taurolidine']

entities_list: @entity72740 :: ('MESH:C111424', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurultam', 'taurultam']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity72741 :: ('MESH:C111425', 'Chemical') :: ['taurinamide']

answer: @entity20398 :: (MESH:C012566,Chemical) :: ['taurolidine']