abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the behavioral effects elicited in adult @entity468 by the selective D1 agonist, @entity2344 , and the D2 agonist, @entity3828 , comparing their effects with those evoked by @entity3826 . In 10 adult @entity468 , 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg IP of @entity2344 were administered at random. A dose-response effect was observed related to alertness, indifference, and locomotion. The overall effect of @entity2344 was inhibitory. To the same 10 animals, @entity3828 in doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were injected IP. This drug had an excitatory and more complex effect than what was observed with the D1 agonist. Increases in locomotion, in alertness, indifference, fear, olfaction, @entity384 , @entity1833 , limb flicking, and head shaking were recorded. @entity3826 given to the same @entity468 , in a dose equimolar to 1.0 mg/kg of @entity3828 , elicited behaviors that resembled those elicited by the latter drug, but of a lesser intensity and duration. The interval between the different treatments was approximately 2 months. These results show clearly that the D2 receptor is the main dopaminergic receptor involved in the mechanism of production of most of the behavioral effects produced by some of the dopaminergic agonist drugs like @entity3826 .

title: Behavioral effects evoked by @entity2344 and XXXX in adult @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilation']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucination']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

answer: @entity3828 :: (MESH:C416545,Chemical) :: ['LY 171555']


abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the behavioral effects elicited in adult @entity468 by the selective D1 agonist, @entity2344 , and the D2 agonist, @entity3828 , comparing their effects with those evoked by @entity3826 . In 10 adult @entity468 , 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg IP of @entity2344 were administered at random. A dose-response effect was observed related to alertness, indifference, and locomotion. The overall effect of @entity2344 was inhibitory. To the same 10 animals, @entity3828 in doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were injected IP. This drug had an excitatory and more complex effect than what was observed with the D1 agonist. Increases in locomotion, in alertness, indifference, fear, olfaction, @entity384 , @entity1833 , limb flicking, and head shaking were recorded. @entity3826 given to the same @entity468 , in a dose equimolar to 1.0 mg/kg of @entity3828 , elicited behaviors that resembled those elicited by the latter drug, but of a lesser intensity and duration. The interval between the different treatments was approximately 2 months. These results show clearly that the D2 receptor is the main dopaminergic receptor involved in the mechanism of production of most of the behavioral effects produced by some of the dopaminergic agonist drugs like @entity3826 .

title: Behavioral effects evoked by @entity2344 and @entity3828 in adult XXXX .

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the behavioral effects elicited in adult @entity468 by the selective D1 agonist, @entity2344 , and the D2 agonist, @entity3828 , comparing their effects with those evoked by @entity3826 . In 10 adult @entity468 , 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg IP of @entity2344 were administered at random. A dose-response effect was observed related to alertness, indifference, and locomotion. The overall effect of @entity2344 was inhibitory. To the same 10 animals, @entity3828 in doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were injected IP. This drug had an excitatory and more complex effect than what was observed with the D1 agonist. Increases in locomotion, in alertness, indifference, fear, olfaction, @entity384 , @entity1833 , limb flicking, and head shaking were recorded. @entity3826 given to the same @entity468 , in a dose equimolar to 1.0 mg/kg of @entity3828 , elicited behaviors that resembled those elicited by the latter drug, but of a lesser intensity and duration. The interval between the different treatments was approximately 2 months. These results show clearly that the D2 receptor is the main dopaminergic receptor involved in the mechanism of production of most of the behavioral effects produced by some of the dopaminergic agonist drugs like @entity3826 .

title: Behavioral effects evoked by XXXX and @entity3828 in adult @entity468 .

answer: @entity2344 :: (MESH:D015647,Chemical) :: ['SKF 38393']


abstract: This study was undertaken to characterize the clinical pictures of long-standing overload of the right ventricle and to investigate its hemodynamics. 1. @entity296 of the right ventricle was studied. Histopathological examinations were performed by biopsy in @entity1 with @entity118 ( @entity118 ). Cell diameter was more widely distributed in the disease compared to the control. The range of distribution was more markedly scattered in @entity118 with @entity712 . Change in the ultra-fine structure was also more remarkable in @entity118 with than without pump failure. 2. @entity118 with impending @entity583 was discussed as an example of associated acquired disease. 3. The occurrence of @entity120 could be monitored with recently developed color Doppler method. A representative case of @entity118 and @entity120 was presented and discussed. 4. Right ventricular overloading associated with @entity943 was presented. The effects of @entity943 on @entity4924 and @entity66 were examined. In these anomalies, development of pump failure and life-threatening @entity943 were serious problems in managing old @entity1 . In summary, histo-pathological examinations, monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure by Doppler echocardiography and management of @entity943 were necessary to evaluate prognosis of @entity299 in the elderly.

title: [Congenital XXXX with right ventricular overloading in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial cell injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Uhl disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: A closed technique, using thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass and atriotomy, for cryosurgical ablation of the atrioventricular node-His bundle junction is described. The technique was used in 34 @entity1 selected from among 136 @entity1 with disabling @entity4710 refractory to drug therapy in whom @entity713 was produced. After thoracotomy, four methods can be used to determine the site of cryoinstrument application: palpation of the internal anatomic landmarks, a "mechanical test," use of a cryoprobe, or recording of the His bundle electrogram. The cryoprocedure lasts 160 to 180 seconds at temperatures of -60 degrees to -80 degrees C and is repeated once or twice. Complete @entity713 was induced in 29 of the 34 @entity1 . @entity8942 was terminated in 31. There were no operative deaths. The frequency of surgical complications was nearly three times lower than in the group of 77 @entity1 subjected to open cryodestruction of the @entity713 , and the length of hospital stay after the operation was an average of 4.7 days shorter. The follow-up for up to 6.5 years (mean 34 months) failed to show postoperative paroxysmal @entity591 or @entity591 in 31 @entity1 . In my opinion, this rather safe method for ablation of the @entity713 could be more widely used, especially if there are contraindications for extracorporeal circulation or if transvenous catheter ablation has failed.

title: Cryosurgical ablation of XXXX without extracorporeal circulation.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'atrioventricular junction']

entities_list: @entity8942 :: ('MESH:D013614', 'Disease') :: ['Paroxysmal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular junction']


abstract: The clinical value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti- @entity13210 IgM was evaluated by testing 202 sera from @entity1956 ( @entity1956 ), @entity1956 ( @entity1956 ), @entity3619 (CAH), @entity409 ( @entity409 ), @entity82 , primary @entity157 , HBsAg carrier, @entity99 ( @entity99 ), @entity99 ( @entity99 ), non-A, non-B (NANB) @entity99 and miscellaneous conditions other than @entity99 , and 19 additional various @entity99 cases were examined for anti-delta. In clinical situations the accurate diagnosis of @entity1956 is not always possible and the differential diagnosis seems to be very important especially in making decisions of treatment and estimation of prognosis. In overall cases the highest positive rate of anti- @entity13210 IgM was found in @entity1956 as shown as 74.3% (26/35) comparing to other conditions in which the positive rate was extremely low (2.1%). The anti- @entity13210 IgM appeared to be highly specific to @entity1956 (83.9%) as compared to the other. The positive rate of HBsAg was high in @entity1956 , CAH and HBsAg carrier (100.0%) followed by @entity409 , @entity82 and @entity1956 (up to 70.8%). The ALT activities and ALPalb fractions were significantly high in @entity1956 (p less than 0.005). The correlation between the positivity of anti- @entity13210 IgM and highly abnormal ALT appeared be high. @entity1956 was confined mostly to 10-20 age group and the male to female ratio was about 6 to 1. Subgroup of @entity1956 II with positive anti- @entity13210 IgM appeared to have a greater chance being positive for HBsAg and ALPalb. The S/N ratio of anti- @entity13210 IgM was as high as 20 which was unique to @entity1956 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anti- XXXX IgM and anti-delta screening by EIA method.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'hepatitis B', 'acute viral hepatitis B', 'AVHB']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'HA', 'hepatic disease', 'acute viral hepatitis A', 'AVHA', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity13210 :: (85348,Gene) :: ['HBc']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity1 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity1798 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity854 with respect to @entity615 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity455 , dilatation, and @entity715 and perineural and intraneural @entity82 occurring in association with herniated @entity1798 . It was suggested that these @entity1274 were the result of @entity63 , due to @entity3181 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity615 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity1 with radiographically proven herniated @entity1798 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity615 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity1 revealed @entity455 , @entity2295 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity2880 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity82 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity1 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity32 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity455 detected in @entity1 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity82 , and hence to @entity1118 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated XXXX -associated periradicular @entity82 and @entity455 occur without @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities', 'vascular congestion']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain symptoms', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity1 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity1798 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity854 with respect to @entity615 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity455 , dilatation, and @entity715 and perineural and intraneural @entity82 occurring in association with herniated @entity1798 . It was suggested that these @entity1274 were the result of @entity63 , due to @entity3181 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity615 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity1 with radiographically proven herniated @entity1798 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity615 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity1 revealed @entity455 , @entity2295 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity2880 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity82 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity1 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity32 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity455 detected in @entity1 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity82 , and hence to @entity1118 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated @entity1798 -associated periradicular @entity82 and XXXX occur without @entity32 .

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular abnormalities']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity1 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity1798 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity854 with respect to @entity615 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity455 , dilatation, and @entity715 and perineural and intraneural @entity82 occurring in association with herniated @entity1798 . It was suggested that these @entity1274 were the result of @entity63 , due to @entity3181 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity615 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity1 with radiographically proven herniated @entity1798 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity615 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity1 revealed @entity455 , @entity2295 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity2880 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity82 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity1 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity32 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity455 detected in @entity1 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity82 , and hence to @entity1118 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated @entity1798 -associated periradicular XXXX and @entity455 occur without @entity32 .

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity1 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity1798 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity854 with respect to @entity615 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity455 , dilatation, and @entity715 and perineural and intraneural @entity82 occurring in association with herniated @entity1798 . It was suggested that these @entity1274 were the result of @entity63 , due to @entity3181 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity615 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity1 with radiographically proven herniated @entity1798 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity615 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity1 revealed @entity455 , @entity2295 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity2880 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity82 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity1 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity32 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity455 detected in @entity1 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity82 , and hence to @entity1118 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated @entity1798 -associated periradicular @entity82 and @entity455 occur without XXXX .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']


abstract: @entity2007 and loss of multiple chromosomes are hallmarks of @entity5 , but whether these events are only present in malignant cells is not known. In prior work, we showed that approximately half of spontaneous autosomal mutants isolated directly from normal kidney epithelium arose from loss of a marker chromosome 8 containing the wild type @entity30179 gene. Chromosome loss was detected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for all chromosome 8 polymorphic loci examined. To determine whether @entity393 reflected a larger mitotic event, LOH was examined for polymorphic loci on 11 nonselected chromosomes in @entity30179 mutants that lost the selected chromosome 8 homologue. LOH events were detected for one or more nonselected chromosomes in 38% of these mutants. The additional LOH events also reflected apparent chromosome loss based on the molecular analysis. Metaphase spreads from mutants that lost chromosome 8 were markedly aneuploid, and chromosome painting revealed reduced levels for any chromosome shown to be lost with the LOH analysis. In contrast, LOH on nonselected chromosomes was infrequent in @entity30179 mutants exhibiting intragenic events or mitotic recombination for chromosome 8, and marked aneuploidy was absent. These observations suggest that the mechanism leading to chromosome loss in somatic @entity1 cells is often not a simple nondisjunction event and instead could result from a single catastrophic event. They also suggest that cells with characteristics of @entity5 are present in normal appearing tissue.

title: XXXX and loss of multiple chromosomes are common in autosomal mutants isolated from normal mouse kidney epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['Marked aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 8']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['Marked aneuploidy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to determine the early and late results of placement of arterial bypass grafts in the treatment of chronic and acute @entity63 and to ascertain whether multiple grafts provide better late results than a single graft. METHODS: Records of 34 @entity1 who underwent mesenteric vascular graft placement were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All 21 @entity1 with chronic @entity63 had a history of @entity951 and @entity353 . Food fear was reported by 33% of @entity1 ; also, @entity294 in 57%, @entity1142 in 29%, @entity7140 in 19%, @entity63 or peptic ulcer in 19%, and elevation of liver enzymes in 22% were reported. Angiogram showed more than 50% @entity850 or occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in 100% of @entity1 , celiac artery in 90%, and inferior mesenteric artery in 90%. Although not described previously, a reduction in collateral flow from the internal iliac arteries was caused by severe @entity530 in 56% of @entity1 . There were no in-hospital deaths. The rate of survival at 1 year was 100%; at 2 years it was 93% +/- 6%, at 3 years 86% +/- 9%, at 5 years 79% +/- 11%, and at 10 years 50% +/- 15%. During follow-up, graft @entity715 occurred in three @entity1 . Of the @entity1 who underwent only a single SMA or celiac bypass, two of five died of @entity1188 ; only one of 16 @entity1 who underwent both celiac and SMA bypass had to undergo a repeat surgical procedure because of graft occlusion. Three of 16 retrograde bypasses thrombosed, compared with zero of five prograde bypasses. In nine @entity1 who underwent placement of mesenteric bypass grafts because of acute @entity63 caused by acute mesenteric @entity715 , the early mortality rate was 22%; the two deaths were the result of @entity63 . The cumulative survival rate was 78% +/- 14% at 1 month, 65% +/- 17% at 1 year, and 52% +/- 16% at 5 years. One of the two late deaths was due to graft @entity715 and @entity1188 . Three of four @entity1 who underwent concomitant mesenteric bypass at the time of @entity439 repair or aortobifemoral bypass survived the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: When chronic and acute @entity5327 are diagnosed and treated with a bypass graft, the early and late results are good. Complete revascularization of the @entity6029 or both and prograde bypass may reduce the risk of late @entity63 .

title: Mesenteric arterial bypass grafts: early and late results and suggested surgical approach for chronic and acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemic gastritis', 'ischemia', 'bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['SMA and celiac artery or pelvis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bowel infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to establish (1) whether @entity1 with @entity16 scheduled for carotid endarterectomy had an increased incidence of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities during awake baseline recordings, (2) whether these symptoms and @entity854 predicted @entity63 EEG pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp, and (3) whether there was an association between age, presence of EEG baseline abnormalities, and @entity63 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. METHODS: We reviewed the medical record of each @entity1 scheduled to undergo carotid endarterectomy and recorded the @entity1 's age and history of previous @entity16 . We then continuously monitored and analyzed 16 channels of anteroposterior bipolar EEG and two of referential derivations from at least 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia and throughout the operation. RESULTS: We completed 394 consecutive studies. @entity16 were related to @entity854 in awake @entity1 (P < .001) and to EEG asymmetries in anesthetized @entity1 (P < .001). Abnormal awake EEG findings were associated with asymmetries after anesthesia (P < .0001). Twenty-eight percent of both symptomatic (70/249) and asymptomatic (41/145) @entity1 had EEG @entity63 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. Neither @entity16 nor @entity854 were associated with age or the development of EEG @entity63 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the strong association between a history of @entity2806 and preoperative @entity854 in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy, @entity1 who have @entity64 or transient @entity63 events are at no greater risk of having EEG evidence of @entity2806 during carotid artery cross-clamp than @entity1 without symptoms and with normal baseline EEGs. We conclude that preoperative @entity854 in symptomatic @entity1 are not due to age or to insufficiency of regional cerebral blood flow.

title: Preoperative cerebrovascular symptoms and XXXX do not predict @entity2806 during carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['suffered strokes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic symptoms', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative neurological symptoms', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['EEG abnormalities']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['electroencephalographic abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to establish (1) whether @entity1 with @entity16 scheduled for carotid endarterectomy had an increased incidence of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities during awake baseline recordings, (2) whether these symptoms and @entity854 predicted @entity63 EEG pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp, and (3) whether there was an association between age, presence of EEG baseline abnormalities, and @entity63 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. METHODS: We reviewed the medical record of each @entity1 scheduled to undergo carotid endarterectomy and recorded the @entity1 's age and history of previous @entity16 . We then continuously monitored and analyzed 16 channels of anteroposterior bipolar EEG and two of referential derivations from at least 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia and throughout the operation. RESULTS: We completed 394 consecutive studies. @entity16 were related to @entity854 in awake @entity1 (P < .001) and to EEG asymmetries in anesthetized @entity1 (P < .001). Abnormal awake EEG findings were associated with asymmetries after anesthesia (P < .0001). Twenty-eight percent of both symptomatic (70/249) and asymptomatic (41/145) @entity1 had EEG @entity63 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. Neither @entity16 nor @entity854 were associated with age or the development of EEG @entity63 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the strong association between a history of @entity2806 and preoperative @entity854 in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy, @entity1 who have @entity64 or transient @entity63 events are at no greater risk of having EEG evidence of @entity2806 during carotid artery cross-clamp than @entity1 without symptoms and with normal baseline EEGs. We conclude that preoperative @entity854 in symptomatic @entity1 are not due to age or to insufficiency of regional cerebral blood flow.

title: Preoperative cerebrovascular symptoms and @entity854 do not predict XXXX during carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of performing a laparoscopic @entity1494 and to assess the urodynamic characteristics of an autoaugmented bladder. METHODS: Laparoscopic @entity1494 was performed in 9 female @entity235 (20 to 30 kg). Following laparoscopic access to the peritoneal cavity, a midline @entity1494 was performed using the @entity17835 532 nm laser. This produced a large @entity1494 . Changes in bladder volume and compliance were quantified over a 3-month period of follow-up. RESULTS: Urodynamic evaluation demonstrated an increase in bladder capacity 6 weeks postoperatively in 8 of 9 @entity235 , with an average volume increase of 45%. Bladder compliance improved in 7 of 9 @entity235 with an average increase in compliance of 67%. Three months postoperatively, bladder capacity remained increased in 5 of 9 @entity235 , with an average increase in volume of only 5.3%. An improvement in compliance was sustained in 5 of 9 animals with an average increase of 13.9%. Laparoscopic exploration revealed grossly normal bladders with adhesions of omentum to the seromyotomy site in all @entity235 and the anterior abdominal wall in 2 of 9 @entity235 . Histologically, the seromyotomy site was devoid of muscle with an intact urothelium and a proliferation of loose connective tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of laparoscopic @entity1494 can be performed easily in the @entity235 model. Although results at 6 weeks show significant improvement, the longer term, 3-month results were not statistically significant. This technique has the potential to offer a minimally invasive correction for @entity1 with low-capacity, high-pressure bladders that have failed pharmacologic treatment.

title: Laparoscopic laser-assisted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'dogs', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17835 :: ('MESH:C064806', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium titanyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder autoaugmentation', 'bladder diverticulum', 'bladder seromyotomy']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder autoaugmentation']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to @entity1 's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, @entity1 with and without @entity72 were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. @entity1 viewed a brief video of a @entity1 or an inanimate object (the "figure") moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the "goal"). We hypothesized that individuals with @entity72 would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with @entity1 , particularly elements that might be the @entity1 's goal. Alternately, @entity1 with @entity72 might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a @entity1 . Our results indicate that, like controls, @entity1 with @entity72 noticed a change in the "goal" object at the end of a @entity1 's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with @entity72 did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with @entity72 that were not specific to scenes with @entity1 or to "goals." Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in @entity72 , suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected.

title: Deficits in adults with XXXX when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'Participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: The case histories of 175 @entity235 with @entity1901 were reviewed; there were 156 females and 19 males. Golden retrievers, labrador retrievers and Skye terriers appeared to be over-represented. Their median age when examined was 10 months, and the males were significantly older than the females. Fifty-six animals were affected bilaterally, 50 were affected on the left side alone and 69 on the right side alone. One hundred and twenty-two cases had other abnormalities and 67 had more than one; they included hydro-ureter, @entity3041 , @entity2885 , @entity1494 and @entity337 of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Forty-one cases were not treated, and the other 134 were treated by ureteronephrectomy, extravesicular ureteric transplantation or intravesicular ureteric transplantation. One hundred and twelve cases were available for follow-up for a median period of over two years (range one month to 15 years). The response to surgery and the incidence of complications was similar after each method of treatment. Sixty-five of the 112 cases were cured of @entity322 and 26 were improved. The complication rate (14 per cent overall) was similar for each procedure although different types of complications occurred. @entity3041 occurred most commonly after extravesicular transplantation and @entity3833 occurred most commonly after intravesicular transplantation.

title: @entity235 XXXX : an analysis of 175 cases and comparison of surgical treatments.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral ectopia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['Hydronephrosis', 'hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['congenital incompetence']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteral ectopia']


abstract: The case histories of 175 @entity235 with @entity1901 were reviewed; there were 156 females and 19 males. Golden retrievers, labrador retrievers and Skye terriers appeared to be over-represented. Their median age when examined was 10 months, and the males were significantly older than the females. Fifty-six animals were affected bilaterally, 50 were affected on the left side alone and 69 on the right side alone. One hundred and twenty-two cases had other abnormalities and 67 had more than one; they included hydro-ureter, @entity3041 , @entity2885 , @entity1494 and @entity337 of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Forty-one cases were not treated, and the other 134 were treated by ureteronephrectomy, extravesicular ureteric transplantation or intravesicular ureteric transplantation. One hundred and twelve cases were available for follow-up for a median period of over two years (range one month to 15 years). The response to surgery and the incidence of complications was similar after each method of treatment. Sixty-five of the 112 cases were cured of @entity322 and 26 were improved. The complication rate (14 per cent overall) was similar for each procedure although different types of complications occurred. @entity3041 occurred most commonly after extravesicular transplantation and @entity3833 occurred most commonly after intravesicular transplantation.

title: XXXX @entity1901 : an analysis of 175 cases and comparison of surgical treatments.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: Advances made in the medical treatment of @entity4773 have lead to a sharp decrease in the number of @entity1 who are referred for operative therapy. Today surgery may be indicated in @entity1 with chronic and recurrent @entity1066 following failure of @entity1534 eradication regimens and in @entity1 with no or reduced compliance. Laparoscopic vagotomy procedures may offer this select group of @entity1 an additional benefit and comfort, if their short-term and long-term results are comparable to those achieved following conventional open vagotomy. This is a prospective study on @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic vagotomy using two different adapted methods evaluating short-term clinical and functional results. From October 1991 through April 1994 8 @entity1 were studied. 3 @entity1 received an anterior seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy (according to Taylor) and 5 @entity1 underwent anterior linear strip gastrectomy with posterior truncal vagotomy (according to Gomez-Ferrer and Morris). All @entity1 had gastroduodenoscopy, secretory analysis of basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) and evaluation of their @entity1534 status performed pre- and postoperatively. Median follow-up was 15 months. 5 @entity1 were completely asymptomatic, 2 @entity1 complained of mild bloating or reflux and 1 @entity1 had mild @entity294 up to 6 months postoperatively. None suffered an @entity1066 recurrency. All remained @entity1534 positive following surgery. Secretory analysis of acid production showed a 50-70% drop in BAO and MAO after vagotomy. Both vagotomy procedures described have been specifically adapted and are well suited for a laparoscopic approach. They are expedient and easy to employ. As clinical and functional data demonstrate they achieve short-term results comparable to those seen after conventional surgery.

title: [Technique and results of laparoscopic vagotomy in chronic duodenal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: The clinical effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BOTOX) were studied in @entity1 with @entity9663 . Clinical symptoms were evaluated with Jankovic's rating scale, widely used for @entity9663 . To see dose response, eyelid muscle force of the @entity1 was measured with a device recently developed for measurement of eyelid muscle force. The results showed significant improvement (p = 0.0000) on Jankovic's rating scale in all @entity1 groups after effective dose injections of 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 U/site. Particularly the number of @entity1 with marked improvement (decrease of six points or more in total score on Jankovic's rating scale) increased with higher dose injections. The eyelid muscle force also decreased by 33.2 +/- 28.1%, 41.7 +/- 25.1%, and 69.6 +/- 5.0% in @entity1 groups after effective dose injections of 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 U/site, respectively. The decrease of the eyelid muscle force showed significant dose response (p = 0.0254). Mean duration of effect was 12.9 weeks in @entity1 after effective dose injections of 1.25 U/site, which was significantly longer (p = 0.0205) than that of 9.6 weeks in @entity1 after effective dose injections of 0.5 U/site. No severe adverse effects were observed. We concluded that BOTOX injections of 1.25 U/site or more are a safe and effective treatment of @entity9663 .

title: [Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for treatment of XXXX : an open label, dose-response study].

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: @entity1 undergoing transthoracic echocardiography often have @entity731 and may be at risk for the development of @entity1028 . We therefore examined the abdominal aorta by ultrasound in 323 consecutive @entity1 undergoing routine two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography over a 6-month period. Measurements were made of aortic length (diaphragm to most caudal portion visualized) and maximum diameter. The study group comprised 169 @entity1 and 154 @entity1 with an average age of 57 +/- 19 years (range 13 to 94). The abdominal aorta was imaged in 265 (82%) @entity1 . The average aortic length visualized was 13.0 +/- 4.6 cm, the average diameter 1.7 +/- 0.4 cm, and the time required for screening < 5 minutes. Seven (3%) @entity1 were identified as having abdominal aortas > or = 2.5 cm in diameter: 1 with an @entity439 measuring 6.7 cm in diameter and 6 with mild dilatations measuring 2.5 to 3.0 cm in diameter. One of the @entity1 with mild @entity384 was subsequently found to have an @entity439 measuring 3.5 cm in diameter. @entity384 was associated with male gender (p = 0.0006) and older age (p = 0.05) but was not associated with a history of @entity741 (p = 0.16). From these results, we conclude that screening for @entity1028 in @entity1 undergoing transthoracic echocardiography is practical and clinically useful. Only a small number of these @entity1 are identified as having @entity439 , but the low cost and brief time required suggest that routine screening in this population may be worthwhile.

title: Screening for XXXX during transthoracic echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic dilatation', 'aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'infrarenal aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: this study was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the physical examination tests commonly used to measure @entity7032 in @entity1 with @entity306 who are able to walk. METHODS: thirty-six consecutive @entity1 (twenty-two male and fourteen female @entity1 ), with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 9.8    3.9 years, who had @entity306 (level I, II, or III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System) and thirty-seven @entity1 without @entity306 (nineteen male and eighteen female subjects), with a mean age of 10.0    3.0 years, were enrolled prospectively for this study. @entity7032 was determined by three physical examination tests: the Thomas test, the prone hip extension test (the Staheli test), and the hamstring shift test. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed in all subjects. The interobserver reliabilities of the three physical examination tests were determined with use of three observers. Convergent validity was assessed by evaluating the relationships between the findings on physical examination and kinematic and kinetic gait variables (maximum hip extension during stance and hip flexor index) and three-dimensional modeled psoas lengths. RESULTS: the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.501 in @entity1 and 0.207 in controls) and the smallest mean absolute difference (5.8   in @entity1 and 1.2   in controls). The Staheli test was found to be the most valid method in the @entity1 group (r = 0.568 with hip flexor index), whereas the Thomas test was the most valid in the control group (r = 0.526 with maximum hip extension in stance, and r = 0.532 with the hip flexor index). The hamstring shift test had the lowest intraclass correlation coefficient and the lowest convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: while the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient and the smallest mean absolute difference, the Staheli test was the most valid method for detecting @entity7032 in @entity1 with @entity306 . Although the Staheli test cannot be used for intraoperative assessment, we recommend that this test be included in preoperative physical examinations to determine the role of a @entity7032 in the abnormal gait of @entity1 with @entity306 .

title: Reliability of physical examination in the measurement of @entity7032 and correlation with gait parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

entities_list: @entity7032 :: ('MESH:D006616', 'Disease') :: ['hip flexion contractures', 'Hip flexion contracture', 'hip flexion contracture']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: this study was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the physical examination tests commonly used to measure @entity7032 in @entity1 with @entity306 who are able to walk. METHODS: thirty-six consecutive @entity1 (twenty-two male and fourteen female @entity1 ), with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 9.8    3.9 years, who had @entity306 (level I, II, or III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System) and thirty-seven @entity1 without @entity306 (nineteen male and eighteen female subjects), with a mean age of 10.0    3.0 years, were enrolled prospectively for this study. @entity7032 was determined by three physical examination tests: the Thomas test, the prone hip extension test (the Staheli test), and the hamstring shift test. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed in all subjects. The interobserver reliabilities of the three physical examination tests were determined with use of three observers. Convergent validity was assessed by evaluating the relationships between the findings on physical examination and kinematic and kinetic gait variables (maximum hip extension during stance and hip flexor index) and three-dimensional modeled psoas lengths. RESULTS: the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.501 in @entity1 and 0.207 in controls) and the smallest mean absolute difference (5.8   in @entity1 and 1.2   in controls). The Staheli test was found to be the most valid method in the @entity1 group (r = 0.568 with hip flexor index), whereas the Thomas test was the most valid in the control group (r = 0.526 with maximum hip extension in stance, and r = 0.532 with the hip flexor index). The hamstring shift test had the lowest intraclass correlation coefficient and the lowest convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: while the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient and the smallest mean absolute difference, the Staheli test was the most valid method for detecting @entity7032 in @entity1 with @entity306 . Although the Staheli test cannot be used for intraoperative assessment, we recommend that this test be included in preoperative physical examinations to determine the role of a @entity7032 in the abnormal gait of @entity1 with @entity306 .

title: Reliability of physical examination in the measurement of XXXX and correlation with gait parameters in @entity306 .

answer: @entity7032 :: (MESH:D006616,Disease) :: ['hip flexion contracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the excursion of interventricular septum (IVS) in @entity1 after repair of @entity215 ( @entity215 ), a marker of interventricular interaction, and assess its association with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV septal wall thickening, and LV @entity82 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HIPAA-compliant protocol received institutional board review approval. IVS excursion was measured at cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 82 @entity1 after repair of @entity215 and in 10 healthy volunteers. IVS excursion was correlated with LV ejection fraction, LV septal wall thickening, and LV delayed @entity2287 enhancement. Independent predictors of reduced LV ejection fraction were identified, including significant univariable predictors with use of a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: IVS excursion was greater in @entity1 than in healthy volunteers (5.3 mm    3.1 vs 1.2 mm    0.4, P < .01). @entity1 (n = 68) with abnormal excursion of the IVS had reduced LV ejection fraction (57%    7 vs 61%    4, P < .01) and reduced LV septal wall thickening (24%    10 vs 29%    5, P = .01) compared with @entity1 with normal IVS excursion. @entity22286 (odds ratio = 1.27 per millimeter, P = .03) and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (odds ratio = 0.92 per percentage, P = .031) were independent predictors of reduced LV ejection fraction (<55%). Among the 44 @entity1 with delayed enhancement images, those with abnormal excursion of the IVS had higher LV delayed enhancement scores (median, 1.5 [interquartile range, 0-2] vs 0 [interquartile range, 0-0]; P < .01] than @entity1 with normal IVS excursion. Notably, in all but one @entity1 the delayed enhancement was located at the RV-LV hinge points. CONCLUSION: Abnormal IVS excursion after repair of @entity215 is associated with reduced global and septal LV systolic function and LV @entity82 at the RV-LV hinge points, suggesting a mechanism of adverse interventricular interaction.

title: Tetralogy of Fallot: impact of the excursion of the interventricular septum on left ventricular systolic function and XXXX after surgical repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity22286 :: ('MESH:C563239', 'Disease') :: ['Maximal IVS excursion']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with @entity2690 resistance (IR). Prior studies have found that in individuals with @entity740 , leptin is associated with fat mass but resistin is not and the associations with @entity1254 are conflicting. This suggests that the mechanism and factors associated with IR in @entity740 may differ. METHODS: Of the 2418 individuals without reported @entity6 at baseline, participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, a study in older individuals aged 70-79 years, 15.6% had @entity740 defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) based on cystatin C. IR was defined as the upper quartile of the homeostasis model assessment. The association of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat, percent body fat, muscle fat, lipids, inflammatory markers and @entity1254 were tested with logistic regression. Interactions were checked to assess whether the factors associated with IR were different in those with and without @entity740 . RESULTS: Individuals with IR had a lower eGFR (80.7    20.9 versus 75.6    19.6, P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, eGFR (odds ratio per 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.98) and @entity740 (1.41, 1.04-1.92) remained independently associated with IR. In individuals with and without @entity740 , the significant predictors of IR were male sex, black race, higher visceral fat, abdominal subcutaneous fat and @entity1674 . In individuals without @entity740 , IR was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein and current nonsmoking status in multivariate analysis. In contrast, among individuals with @entity740 , @entity650 ( @entity650 ) was independently associated with IR. There was a significant interaction of eGFR with race and @entity650 with a trend for adionectin but no significant interactions with @entity740 (P > 0.1). In the fully adjusted model, there was a trend for an interaction with @entity1254 for eGFR (P = 0.08) and significant for @entity740 (P = 0.04 ), where @entity1254 was associated with IR in those without @entity740 but not in those with @entity740 . CONCLUSIONS: In mainly Stage 3 @entity740 , kidney function is associated with IR; except for @entity1254 , the correlates of IR are similar in those with and without @entity740 .

title: Correlates of XXXX resistance in older individuals with and without kidney disease.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite significant advances in neurosurgical techniques, the median survival time of @entity1 with @entity463 has improved little over the past 50 years and remains less than one year. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is presently established as a widely accepted modality for the treatment of a variety of solid @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of PDT-Photogem(  ) on five @entity11 cell lines (U87, U138, U251, U343, and T98G). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in 25-cm(3) flasks with different groups of cells seeded at a density of 1   *   10(5) cells per flask. After 3   h, the medium was removed, and the cells were incubated for 4   h with Photogem (5    g/mL). After the incubation time, the photosensitizer-containing medium was removed and the cells were irradiated with LED (630   nm, 25   mW/cm(2), 25   J/cm(2)) devices for 17   min. For the final steps of the PDT, the cells were returned to the incubator and kept at 37  C with 5% @entity515 for 24   h, the cell viability assay was assessed using the trypan blue method, and the expression of @entity522 mRNA levels was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Upon PDT-Photogem(  ) treatment, viable cells, as evaluated by the @entity3460 dye-exclusion method, decreased in two cell lines (U87 and U138) but not in the other three. Apoptosis, as assessed by the expression of @entity522 mRNA levels, was at least partly involved in the death mechanism of the cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our results indicated that PDT-Photogem(  ) can act in @entity11 cells, thus encouraging new experiments in this field.

title: Apoptosis in XXXX cells treated with PDT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: PURPOSE:    To provide a comprehensive description of functioning and disability with regard to stages of disease progression in adults with @entity3918 type 1 ( @entity6045 ). Further to explore associations of measures of manual dexterity and of walking capacity with measures of activities of daily living (ADL) and participation in social and lifestyle activities. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with @entity6045 underwent examinations, tests and answered questionnaires. Stages of disease progression were based on the @entity73 rating scale. RESULTS:    Overweight, @entity299 , respiratory restrictions, @entity1295 and/or low physical activity levels were found in approximately 40% of those with @entity6045 . Over 75% had @entity121 , and activity limitations in manual dexterity and walking. @entity734 in personal and instrumental ADL was found in 16% and 39%, respectively, and participation restrictions in social and lifestyle activities in 52%. The presence of concurrent @entity73 , activity limitations and participation restrictions was high. Significant differences were found in @entity121 , manual dexterity, mobility, ADL and social and lifestyle activities with regard to disease progression. Cut-off values in measures of manual dexterity and walking capacity associated to functioning are proposed. CONCLUSION:    This information can be used for developing clinical practise and for health promotion for @entity1 with @entity6045 .

title: Functioning and disability in adults with XXXX type 1.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['muscular impairment', 'body-function impairments']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle impairment', 'muscle impairments']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Use of precut sphincterotomy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can increase the odds for cannulation success but is associated with increased risk of post-ERCP @entity788 . Earlier, rather than delayed, use of precut sphincterotomy for cases with difficult biliary access might reduce this risk. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine how early use of precut sphincterotomy affects the risk of @entity788 and rate of cannulation success compared with persistent standard cannulation. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, along with meeting abstracts, through August 2014 for randomized controlled trials in which early precut sphincterotomy was compared with persistent standard cannulation in adults with difficult biliary access. Outcomes considered included primary cannulation success, overall cannulation success, incidence of post-ERCP @entity788 , and overall adverse event rate. Findings from a random-effects model were expressed as pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We analyzed data from 5 studies (523 @entity1 ). The incidence of post-ERCP @entity788 and success of overall cannulation did not differ significantly between the early precut and persistent standard therapy groups. Early use of precut sphincterotomy was associated with increased odds for primary cannulation success (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.68). In subgroup analysis of studies that involved only fully qualified biliary endoscopists (not fellows), we found a significant reduction in risk of @entity788 among @entity1 receiving early precut vs the standard technique (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.86). CONCLUSION: Compared with standard therapy, early use of precut sphincterotomy did not increase the risk of post-ERCP @entity788 in a meta-analysis. When the procedure is performed by qualified biliary endoscopists, early precut can reduce the risk of post-ERCP @entity788 . Rates of primary cannulation increase with early precut. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Early Precut Sphincterotomy Does Not Increase Risk During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in XXXX With Difficult Biliary Access: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on the importance of @entity33 in @entity31 ( @entity31 ). However, it was still unclear whether higher doses of delayed-release @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) could provide additional benefit. AIM: To examine how two doses of delayed-release @entity2983 (4.8 g/day and 2.4 g/day) from ASCEND I and II compare in their relative ability to heal colonic mucosa over time. METHODS: Primary data from two prospective 6-week, double-blind, randomised studies in @entity1 with mildly to moderately active @entity31 were pooled and analysed retrospectively. The @entity33 analysis focuses on moderately active @entity31 @entity1 (n=391), comprising a majority of @entity1 (84%). Additional analyses examined the relationship between @entity33 and dose, clinical response to therapy and @entity1 quality of life (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ). RESULTS: At week 3, @entity33 (endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1) was achieved in 65% of moderately active @entity31 @entity1 on 4.8 g/day and 58% of @entity1 on 2.4 g/day (P=0.219). At week 6, this increased to 80% for 4.8 g/day and 68% for 2.4 g/day (P=0.012). Healing rates with the higher dose were also greater across all extents of disease and in @entity1 with prior @entity134 use. At 6 weeks, clinical response to therapy and @entity33 were found to be well correlated (kappa=0.694). Likewise, the change in IBDQ at week 6 showed a significant relationship with @entity33 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Mucosal healing rates in @entity31 achieved at 6 weeks were statistically significantly higher with delayed-release @entity2983 at 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day.

title: Randomised clinical trial: delayed-release oral @entity2983 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day in endoscopic XXXX --ASCEND I and II combined analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal healing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on the importance of @entity33 in @entity31 ( @entity31 ). However, it was still unclear whether higher doses of delayed-release @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) could provide additional benefit. AIM: To examine how two doses of delayed-release @entity2983 (4.8 g/day and 2.4 g/day) from ASCEND I and II compare in their relative ability to heal colonic mucosa over time. METHODS: Primary data from two prospective 6-week, double-blind, randomised studies in @entity1 with mildly to moderately active @entity31 were pooled and analysed retrospectively. The @entity33 analysis focuses on moderately active @entity31 @entity1 (n=391), comprising a majority of @entity1 (84%). Additional analyses examined the relationship between @entity33 and dose, clinical response to therapy and @entity1 quality of life (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ). RESULTS: At week 3, @entity33 (endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1) was achieved in 65% of moderately active @entity31 @entity1 on 4.8 g/day and 58% of @entity1 on 2.4 g/day (P=0.219). At week 6, this increased to 80% for 4.8 g/day and 68% for 2.4 g/day (P=0.012). Healing rates with the higher dose were also greater across all extents of disease and in @entity1 with prior @entity134 use. At 6 weeks, clinical response to therapy and @entity33 were found to be well correlated (kappa=0.694). Likewise, the change in IBDQ at week 6 showed a significant relationship with @entity33 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Mucosal healing rates in @entity31 achieved at 6 weeks were statistically significantly higher with delayed-release @entity2983 at 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day.

title: Randomised clinical trial: delayed-release oral XXXX 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day in endoscopic @entity33 --ASCEND I and II combined analysis.

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalazine']


abstract: To our knowledge, familial occurrence of small-cell @entity43 in first-degree relatives has not been described before. We studied two separate cases of @entity4153 in a 21-year-old @entity1 and in her 40-year-old mother, both of whom died of disseminated disease. Both @entity5 were studied with immunohistochemistry, using a variety of antibodies, and with flow cytometry. Microscopically, the @entity5 in the daughter was of the usual small-cell type, while that of her mother belonged to a large-cell variety. Immunohistochemically, both @entity5 showed some degree of epithelial differentiation but also expressed reactivity to some other antigens, most notably to smooth-muscle actin and muscle-specific actin. Both @entity5 showed a diploid DNA pattern and low S-phase fraction with flow cytometry. Neither of the cases expressed @entity2741 . @entity4153 may appear as a small-cell or large-cell variety in a familial setting. A diploid DNA pattern appears to be characteristic. Because this @entity5 was first reported relatively recently, the frequency of its familial occurrence is not known.

title: Familial occurrence of small-cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinoma', 'Small-cell carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the ovary']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity74 has increased rapidly, but aetiological factors responsible for this increase are still largely unknown. Prenatal exposure to a pro-inflammatory @entity844 status is hypothesized although little research has been carried out. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prenatal @entity844 exposures are associated with atopy in childhood. METHODS: In the @entity34075 Birth Cohort Study, maternal blood samples (n=1275) at 34-36 weeks of pregnancy were assayed for n-6 and n-3 long-chain @entity1474 (LCPs). The full spectrum of offspring @entity1097 (wheeze, @entity565 , @entity56 , @entity484 , @entity483 , @entity56 sensitization, and high total IgE) until the age of 6-7 years was assessed by repeated parental questionnaires and measurements of total and specific IgE. Associations of maternal @entity844 status with @entity1 atopic outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements. RESULTS: High ratio of maternal n-6 vs. n-3 LCPs was associated with a lower risk of @entity484 in the @entity1 (P for trend 0.012). More specifically, we found a decreased risk of @entity484 in the first 7 months of life with increasing @entity1426 levels (P for trend 0.013). No associations were found between maternal @entity1718 and offspring airway-related @entity1097 , sensitization, or high total IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The development of @entity74 in early childhood is associated with prenatal exposure to n-6 vs. n-3 @entity1718 , but with inconsistencies between different manifestations. Further exploration of associations with maternal diet and genetic variants in genes regulating @entity844 metabolism are required. This study shows that the influence of prenatal exposure to @entity1718 on the risk of @entity484 in the @entity1 is limited to the first year of life.

title: Maternal XXXX status in pregnancy and childhood @entity1097 : @entity34075 Birth Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic manifestations']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity74 has increased rapidly, but aetiological factors responsible for this increase are still largely unknown. Prenatal exposure to a pro-inflammatory @entity844 status is hypothesized although little research has been carried out. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prenatal @entity844 exposures are associated with atopy in childhood. METHODS: In the @entity34075 Birth Cohort Study, maternal blood samples (n=1275) at 34-36 weeks of pregnancy were assayed for n-6 and n-3 long-chain @entity1474 (LCPs). The full spectrum of offspring @entity1097 (wheeze, @entity565 , @entity56 , @entity484 , @entity483 , @entity56 sensitization, and high total IgE) until the age of 6-7 years was assessed by repeated parental questionnaires and measurements of total and specific IgE. Associations of maternal @entity844 status with @entity1 atopic outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements. RESULTS: High ratio of maternal n-6 vs. n-3 LCPs was associated with a lower risk of @entity484 in the @entity1 (P for trend 0.012). More specifically, we found a decreased risk of @entity484 in the first 7 months of life with increasing @entity1426 levels (P for trend 0.013). No associations were found between maternal @entity1718 and offspring airway-related @entity1097 , sensitization, or high total IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The development of @entity74 in early childhood is associated with prenatal exposure to n-6 vs. n-3 @entity1718 , but with inconsistencies between different manifestations. Further exploration of associations with maternal diet and genetic variants in genes regulating @entity844 metabolism are required. This study shows that the influence of prenatal exposure to @entity1718 on the risk of @entity484 in the @entity1 is limited to the first year of life.

title: Maternal @entity844 status in pregnancy and childhood XXXX : @entity34075 Birth Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1097 :: (MESH:C566404,Disease) :: ['atopic manifestations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity74 has increased rapidly, but aetiological factors responsible for this increase are still largely unknown. Prenatal exposure to a pro-inflammatory @entity844 status is hypothesized although little research has been carried out. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prenatal @entity844 exposures are associated with atopy in childhood. METHODS: In the @entity34075 Birth Cohort Study, maternal blood samples (n=1275) at 34-36 weeks of pregnancy were assayed for n-6 and n-3 long-chain @entity1474 (LCPs). The full spectrum of offspring @entity1097 (wheeze, @entity565 , @entity56 , @entity484 , @entity483 , @entity56 sensitization, and high total IgE) until the age of 6-7 years was assessed by repeated parental questionnaires and measurements of total and specific IgE. Associations of maternal @entity844 status with @entity1 atopic outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements. RESULTS: High ratio of maternal n-6 vs. n-3 LCPs was associated with a lower risk of @entity484 in the @entity1 (P for trend 0.012). More specifically, we found a decreased risk of @entity484 in the first 7 months of life with increasing @entity1426 levels (P for trend 0.013). No associations were found between maternal @entity1718 and offspring airway-related @entity1097 , sensitization, or high total IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The development of @entity74 in early childhood is associated with prenatal exposure to n-6 vs. n-3 @entity1718 , but with inconsistencies between different manifestations. Further exploration of associations with maternal diet and genetic variants in genes regulating @entity844 metabolism are required. This study shows that the influence of prenatal exposure to @entity1718 on the risk of @entity484 in the @entity1 is limited to the first year of life.

title: Maternal @entity844 status in pregnancy and childhood @entity1097 : XXXX Birth Cohort Study.

answer: @entity34075 :: (38626,Species) :: ['KOALA']


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro antitumor effectiveness of IFNs is well documented. Their combination with differentiating agents, such as @entity1968 , has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity1544 and the cervix. However, the mechanisms that mediate these antitumor responses are not yet known. We studied the epidermoid cell line ME 180 derived from @entity1 @entity2622 to test its responsiveness to @entity3027 -alpha-2b (INTRON A) and @entity1968 (RA). Both agents have demonstrated ability to inhibit the growth of @entity1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effect was further increased by the treatment with @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA combined. In accordance with this result, we found that the combination of the two agents has the effect of increasing the expression of the 2-5A synthetase gene, which is thought to play a key role in antigrowth responses to IFNs. At increased levels of 2-5A synthetase mRNA corresponds a significant increase in 2-5A synthetase activity. Although RA per se has no effect on the 2-5A synthetase expression, when it is combined with @entity3027 -alpha-2b it appears to be able to potentiate the @entity3027 -induced 2-5A synthetase expression. Moreover, the combination of @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA produces a similar effect also on the expression of the HLA-A2 gene, which has been shown to be induced in @entity1 cells both by @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA alone. In view of the possible mechanisms of action of the two agents, it is interesting to note that their combination increases, although transiently, the expression of @entity9688 , which codes for a transcription factor that regulates @entity3027 gene expression and is thought to be involved in the regulation of @entity3027 -induced effects and in mediating cell death or apoptosis.

title: Interferon alpha-2b and @entity1968 combined treatment affects proliferation and gene expression of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the skin']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid', 'retinoic acid']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro antitumor effectiveness of IFNs is well documented. Their combination with differentiating agents, such as @entity1968 , has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity1544 and the cervix. However, the mechanisms that mediate these antitumor responses are not yet known. We studied the epidermoid cell line ME 180 derived from @entity1 @entity2622 to test its responsiveness to @entity3027 -alpha-2b (INTRON A) and @entity1968 (RA). Both agents have demonstrated ability to inhibit the growth of @entity1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effect was further increased by the treatment with @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA combined. In accordance with this result, we found that the combination of the two agents has the effect of increasing the expression of the 2-5A synthetase gene, which is thought to play a key role in antigrowth responses to IFNs. At increased levels of 2-5A synthetase mRNA corresponds a significant increase in 2-5A synthetase activity. Although RA per se has no effect on the 2-5A synthetase expression, when it is combined with @entity3027 -alpha-2b it appears to be able to potentiate the @entity3027 -induced 2-5A synthetase expression. Moreover, the combination of @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA produces a similar effect also on the expression of the HLA-A2 gene, which has been shown to be induced in @entity1 cells both by @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA alone. In view of the possible mechanisms of action of the two agents, it is interesting to note that their combination increases, although transiently, the expression of @entity9688 , which codes for a transcription factor that regulates @entity3027 gene expression and is thought to be involved in the regulation of @entity3027 -induced effects and in mediating cell death or apoptosis.

title: Interferon alpha-2b and XXXX combined treatment affects proliferation and gene expression of @entity1 @entity2622 cells.

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro antitumor effectiveness of IFNs is well documented. Their combination with differentiating agents, such as @entity1968 , has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity1544 and the cervix. However, the mechanisms that mediate these antitumor responses are not yet known. We studied the epidermoid cell line ME 180 derived from @entity1 @entity2622 to test its responsiveness to @entity3027 -alpha-2b (INTRON A) and @entity1968 (RA). Both agents have demonstrated ability to inhibit the growth of @entity1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effect was further increased by the treatment with @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA combined. In accordance with this result, we found that the combination of the two agents has the effect of increasing the expression of the 2-5A synthetase gene, which is thought to play a key role in antigrowth responses to IFNs. At increased levels of 2-5A synthetase mRNA corresponds a significant increase in 2-5A synthetase activity. Although RA per se has no effect on the 2-5A synthetase expression, when it is combined with @entity3027 -alpha-2b it appears to be able to potentiate the @entity3027 -induced 2-5A synthetase expression. Moreover, the combination of @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA produces a similar effect also on the expression of the HLA-A2 gene, which has been shown to be induced in @entity1 cells both by @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA alone. In view of the possible mechanisms of action of the two agents, it is interesting to note that their combination increases, although transiently, the expression of @entity9688 , which codes for a transcription factor that regulates @entity3027 gene expression and is thought to be involved in the regulation of @entity3027 -induced effects and in mediating cell death or apoptosis.

title: Interferon alpha-2b and @entity1968 combined treatment affects proliferation and gene expression of XXXX @entity2622 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the biological characteristics of @entity356 ( @entity356 ) using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining among histological types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IHC staining results were analyzed in 86 EGCs resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection to identify mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. RESULTS: The histological type was classified as @entity420 ( @entity420 ), mixed @entity420 (MAC), or @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Significant differences in @entity5091 (34.4% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.05) and @entity5089 (59.4% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05) expression were observed between @entity420 and @entity189 . The poorly cohesive component of MAC showed stronger immunoreactivity to @entity2282 (46.2% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.05) but weaker reactivity to @entity5089 (57.7% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05), compared to that of @entity189 . @entity5962 and @entity3546 expression levels significantly decreased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (15.4% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 7.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively) and @entity189 (10.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 14.3% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively), compared to @entity420 . However, @entity7 expression significantly increased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (42.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05) and @entity189 (39.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05), compared to @entity420 . CONCLUSION: IHC analysis showed that @entity356 histological types differ in terms of mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. The poorly cohesive components showed decreased @entity5962 and @entity3546 expression levels and increased @entity7 expression. These characteristics may contribute to the poor prognosis of @entity1 with MAC and @entity189 .

title: Expression of immunohistochemical markers according to histological type in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['PCC', 'poorly cohesive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['TAC', 'tubular adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the biological characteristics of @entity356 ( @entity356 ) using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining among histological types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IHC staining results were analyzed in 86 EGCs resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection to identify mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. RESULTS: The histological type was classified as @entity420 ( @entity420 ), mixed @entity420 (MAC), or @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Significant differences in @entity5091 (34.4% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.05) and @entity5089 (59.4% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05) expression were observed between @entity420 and @entity189 . The poorly cohesive component of MAC showed stronger immunoreactivity to @entity2282 (46.2% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.05) but weaker reactivity to @entity5089 (57.7% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05), compared to that of @entity189 . @entity5962 and @entity3546 expression levels significantly decreased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (15.4% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 7.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively) and @entity189 (10.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 14.3% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively), compared to @entity420 . However, @entity7 expression significantly increased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (42.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05) and @entity189 (39.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05), compared to @entity420 . CONCLUSION: IHC analysis showed that @entity356 histological types differ in terms of mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. The poorly cohesive components showed decreased @entity5962 and @entity3546 expression levels and increased @entity7 expression. These characteristics may contribute to the poor prognosis of @entity1 with MAC and @entity189 .

title: Expression of immunohistochemical markers according to histological type in XXXX with @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control study. OBJECTIVE: Determine risk factors for @entity6081 after surgery for @entity4094 as well as the causative organisms and the results of treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2737 after surgery for @entity4094 is more common than that for @entity2112 . A variety of potential risk factors have been identified, but few have demonstrated statistical significance. METHODS: The Pediatric Orthopedic Spine Database identified 151 @entity1 with @entity4094 who underwent surgery and had a follow-up of minimum of 2 years. A total of eight @entity1 (5.3% prevalence) developed a @entity6081 . Nine @entity1 without an @entity281 were matched by year and type of surgery, for each @entity1 with an @entity281 and selected as controls (n = 72). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were analyzed for an association with wound @entity281 by using stepwise logistic regression. In addition, causative organisms as well as the methods and results of treatment were recorded for each @entity1 . RESULTS.: The control group consisted of 32 males and 40 females with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 7-21 years) and a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (range, 2.0-20.9 years) at surgery. The @entity281 group (n = 8) consisted of four males and four females with a mean age of 12.5 years (range, 11-14 years) and a mean follow-up of 5.1 year (range, 2.0-12.3 years) at surgery. There were five early and three late wound @entity281 . The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt before surgery was the only factor statistically associated with an increased risk for wound @entity281 (P < 0.01). In addition, @entity281 was associated with @entity1516 (P < 0.01) and an increased length of hospitalization (P < 0.01). The most common causative species was staphylococcus and the majority (88%) of @entity281 required surgical intervention with a mean of 2.1 debridements (range, 1-4 debridements). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a statistically significant risk factor for wound @entity281 after corrective surgery for @entity4094 . @entity2737 is associated with @entity1516 and prolonged hospitalization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: XXXX after surgery for @entity4094 : risk factors and treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection', 'postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['Wound infections']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control study. OBJECTIVE: Determine risk factors for @entity6081 after surgery for @entity4094 as well as the causative organisms and the results of treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2737 after surgery for @entity4094 is more common than that for @entity2112 . A variety of potential risk factors have been identified, but few have demonstrated statistical significance. METHODS: The Pediatric Orthopedic Spine Database identified 151 @entity1 with @entity4094 who underwent surgery and had a follow-up of minimum of 2 years. A total of eight @entity1 (5.3% prevalence) developed a @entity6081 . Nine @entity1 without an @entity281 were matched by year and type of surgery, for each @entity1 with an @entity281 and selected as controls (n = 72). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were analyzed for an association with wound @entity281 by using stepwise logistic regression. In addition, causative organisms as well as the methods and results of treatment were recorded for each @entity1 . RESULTS.: The control group consisted of 32 males and 40 females with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 7-21 years) and a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (range, 2.0-20.9 years) at surgery. The @entity281 group (n = 8) consisted of four males and four females with a mean age of 12.5 years (range, 11-14 years) and a mean follow-up of 5.1 year (range, 2.0-12.3 years) at surgery. There were five early and three late wound @entity281 . The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt before surgery was the only factor statistically associated with an increased risk for wound @entity281 (P < 0.01). In addition, @entity281 was associated with @entity1516 (P < 0.01) and an increased length of hospitalization (P < 0.01). The most common causative species was staphylococcus and the majority (88%) of @entity281 required surgical intervention with a mean of 2.1 debridements (range, 1-4 debridements). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a statistically significant risk factor for wound @entity281 after corrective surgery for @entity4094 . @entity2737 is associated with @entity1516 and prolonged hospitalization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: @entity2737 after surgery for XXXX : risk factors and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the long-term course of @entity1188 and @entity2294 . Focus was given to the following issues: incidence and timing of @entity2396 and @entity2294 during the acute phase and 3 years follow-up, size, hemodynamic and clinical consequences of effusions, and potential risk of thrombolytic or anticoagulant therapy in @entity1 with @entity2294 . @entity1 AND STUDY DESIGN: Serial echocardiographic examinations were performed in 192 consecutive @entity1 with first @entity583 during the acute phase (day 1, 5, 10, 21) and during 3 years' follow-up (year 1, 2, and 3 after @entity1188 ). The follow-up was 100%. Clinical, angiographic, and autopsy data were analyzed. RESULTS: Pericardial @entity1143 was detected at least once during serial echocardiographic examinations in 82 of 192 @entity1 (43%). The incidence in different subgroups (with or without thrombolysis, open or closed artery at 3 weeks, @entity1188 in left anterior descending, left circumflex, or right coronary artery perfusion bed) was similar. Most (48%) effusions were first detected on the fifth day, and most (50%) disappeared between days 21 and 365. However, in nine @entity1 , the @entity1143 persisted beyond 1 year (up to 3 years in three @entity1 ). Only systolic separation of pericardial layers was detected in 59% of effusions, circular @entity1143 in 3.6% of all effusions. No @entity2293 developed. @entity712 or @entity204 complicated 49% of @entity1188 with pericardial involvement and 16% of @entity1188 without @entity1143 (p < 0.01). Mortality alone was 8% among @entity1 without @entity1143 and 15% among those with more than minimal @entity1143 (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial @entity1143 can be detected by serial echocardiographic examinations in 43% of @entity583 . It appears during the initial 5 days and disappears slowly during several weeks to several months. Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy does not increase the frequency or the size of effusions.

title: Pericardial involvement during the course of XXXX . A long-term clinical and echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarct-related pericarditis', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: An aversion to harming others is a core component of @entity1 morality and is disturbed in @entity146 . Deficient harm aversion may underlie @entity146 , which both feature in psychopathy. Past work has highlighted monoaminergic influences on aggression, but a mechanistic account of how @entity1154 regulate antisocial motives remains elusive. We previously observed that most @entity1 show a greater aversion to inflicting @entity158 on others than themselves. Here, we investigated whether this hyperaltruistic disposition is susceptible to monoaminergic control. We observed dissociable effects of the @entity750 reuptake inhibitor @entity837 and the @entity935 precursor @entity3034 on decisions to inflict @entity158 on oneself and others for @entity1017 . Computational models of @entity146 showed that @entity837 increased harm aversion for both self and others, while @entity3034 reduced hyperaltruism. The effects of @entity837 were stronger than those of @entity3034 . Crucially, neither drug influenced the physical perception of @entity158 or other components of choice such as motor impulsivity or loss aversion, suggesting a direct and specific influence of @entity750 and @entity935 on the valuation of harm. We also found evidence for dose dependency of these effects. Finally, the drugs had dissociable effects on response times, with @entity837 enhancing behavioral inhibition and @entity3034 reducing slowing related to being responsible for another's fate. These distinct roles of @entity750 and @entity935 in modulating moral behavior have implications for potential treatments of social dysfunction that is a common feature as well as a risk factor for many @entity146 .

title: Dissociable Effects of @entity750 and XXXX on the Valuation of Harm in Moral Decision Making.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['choice behavior', 'psychiatric disorders', 'antisocial behavior', 'instrumental and reactive aggression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['financial gain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: An aversion to harming others is a core component of @entity1 morality and is disturbed in @entity146 . Deficient harm aversion may underlie @entity146 , which both feature in psychopathy. Past work has highlighted monoaminergic influences on aggression, but a mechanistic account of how @entity1154 regulate antisocial motives remains elusive. We previously observed that most @entity1 show a greater aversion to inflicting @entity158 on others than themselves. Here, we investigated whether this hyperaltruistic disposition is susceptible to monoaminergic control. We observed dissociable effects of the @entity750 reuptake inhibitor @entity837 and the @entity935 precursor @entity3034 on decisions to inflict @entity158 on oneself and others for @entity1017 . Computational models of @entity146 showed that @entity837 increased harm aversion for both self and others, while @entity3034 reduced hyperaltruism. The effects of @entity837 were stronger than those of @entity3034 . Crucially, neither drug influenced the physical perception of @entity158 or other components of choice such as motor impulsivity or loss aversion, suggesting a direct and specific influence of @entity750 and @entity935 on the valuation of harm. We also found evidence for dose dependency of these effects. Finally, the drugs had dissociable effects on response times, with @entity837 enhancing behavioral inhibition and @entity3034 reducing slowing related to being responsible for another's fate. These distinct roles of @entity750 and @entity935 in modulating moral behavior have implications for potential treatments of social dysfunction that is a common feature as well as a risk factor for many @entity146 .

title: Dissociable Effects of XXXX and @entity935 on the Valuation of Harm in Moral Decision Making.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']