abstract: This report investigates an outbreak of acute @entity344 , microbiologically and epidemiologically linked to an aged-care facility and seeks to determine if there was a point source of @entity281 . A register of cases that included onset date and time of illness and symptoms was maintained by nursing staff. Faecal specimens were tested for conventional gastrointestinal pathogens and for @entity1 calicivirus (HuCV). There were 81 cases reported. Specimens were received for testing from 25 cases. Twenty-three of the 25 (92%) specimens were positive for HuCV RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The 2 negative samples contained RT-PCR inhibitors. Descriptive epidemiology suggested that staffing practices were important in prolonging the outbreak. No point source of @entity281 was identified. Instead environmental contamination, aerosol transmission and work practices that fail to take account of the natural history of @entity70617 probably contributed to the size (81 cases) and duration (3 weeks) of this outbreak among the residents, staff and visitors of an aged-care facility and their contacts. Institutional outbreaks caused by HuCV, formerly called Norwalk-like or small round structured viruses, are extremely difficult to control. Infected staff may contribute significantly to the amplification of outbreaks. Rapid confirmation of @entity70617 is now routinely possible using polymerase chain reaction diagnostics but progress in laboratory technology has not yet translated into faster or more effective interventions.

title: A large, prolonged outbreak of @entity1 XXXX linked to an aged-care facility.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity70617 :: ('MESH:D017250', 'Disease') :: ['HuCV infection']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness']

answer: @entity70617 :: (MESH:D017250,Disease) :: ['calicivirus infection']


abstract: This report investigates an outbreak of acute @entity344 , microbiologically and epidemiologically linked to an aged-care facility and seeks to determine if there was a point source of @entity281 . A register of cases that included onset date and time of illness and symptoms was maintained by nursing staff. Faecal specimens were tested for conventional gastrointestinal pathogens and for @entity1 calicivirus (HuCV). There were 81 cases reported. Specimens were received for testing from 25 cases. Twenty-three of the 25 (92%) specimens were positive for HuCV RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The 2 negative samples contained RT-PCR inhibitors. Descriptive epidemiology suggested that staffing practices were important in prolonging the outbreak. No point source of @entity281 was identified. Instead environmental contamination, aerosol transmission and work practices that fail to take account of the natural history of @entity70617 probably contributed to the size (81 cases) and duration (3 weeks) of this outbreak among the residents, staff and visitors of an aged-care facility and their contacts. Institutional outbreaks caused by HuCV, formerly called Norwalk-like or small round structured viruses, are extremely difficult to control. Infected staff may contribute significantly to the amplification of outbreaks. Rapid confirmation of @entity70617 is now routinely possible using polymerase chain reaction diagnostics but progress in laboratory technology has not yet translated into faster or more effective interventions.

title: A large, prolonged outbreak of XXXX @entity70617 linked to an aged-care facility.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: It has now been clearly established that quantitative immunohistochemical methods applied to @entity5 angiogenesis under suitable quality control conditions are a powerful prognostic tool for use in the initial assessment of @entity0 . Appropriate parameters for predicting the @entity146 of @entity5 and their sensitivity to treatment are, however, still required. To determine whether the microvessel count (MVC) may serve to predict the chemotherapeutic response, a retrospective study was carried out on a series of 162 @entity1 with @entity0 , who were all treated with the same standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Angiogenesis was assessed by performing @entity2279 immunostaining and MVC per mm2. Several other factors such as @entity876 , @entity1722 , @entity588 , and Ki67 were also measured, and their prognostic value was compared with that of the MVC. The MVC was not found to be correlated with any of the other prognostic parameters, but turned out to be of great prognostic value whatever the threshold value chosen, which suggests that it is continuously valid at all levels. The median value of the MVC (43.5 per mm2) divided this series into two significantly different prognostic categories, in terms of both disease-free survival (P = 0.0002) and overall survival (P = 0.037). Univariate analysis showed that most of the parameters analysed were of prognostic value regarding the disease-free survival, namely grade (P = 0.029), mitotic index (P = 0.049), size (P = 0.015), @entity2931 receptors (P = 0.022), @entity1420 receptors (P = 0.018), @entity876 (P = 0.0045), @entity1722 (P = 0.046), and Ki67 (P = 0.0008). As regards overall survival, grade and @entity1722 showed a loss of prognostic value. In multivariate analysis on disease-free survival, the MVC was the most accurate prognostic factor (RR = 2.64), followed by Ki67 (RR = 2.06) and @entity876 (RR = 1.69). With respect to overall survival, the MVC ranked third among the prognostic parameters analysed. Standard chemotherapy did not reduce the high prognostic value of the MVC performed on @entity5 angiogenesis. This suggests that the MVC may predict the degree of resistance to chemotherapy. @entity1 with high levels of angiogenesis, particularly node-negative @entity1 , might therefore be able to benefit from adjuvant therapy of another kind.

title: Angiogenesis as a prognostic marker in XXXX with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy: a multiparametric and immunohistochemical analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Three @entity1 , a @entity1 aged 10 and two @entity1 aged 59 and 64 years, had @entity9374 , @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ), respectively. @entity6715 and @entity137 are rare illnesses with a high morbidity and mortality. The aetiology is mainly iatrogenic: a hypersensitivity reaction to certain pharmaceutical prescriptions. @entity6715 and @entity137 should be differentiated from the more frequent @entity9374 , a self-limiting disease without important residual symptoms, which is usually initiated by @entity2025 . @entity6715 and @entity137 are variants in a spectrum of exfoliative dermatoses with @entity39 . @entity6715 and @entity137 on the one hand and @entity9374 on the other can be distinguished on the basis of aetiology, clinical symptoms and histopathology. The distinction can, however, be difficult, notably in the early stages. The @entity1 recovered completely. The first @entity1 was treated with @entity288 and also recovered; she was thought to have developed the syndrome as a reaction to malarial prophylactics. The third @entity1 died, despite extensive treatment, of @entity177 and sloughing of 70% of the skin, probably as a reaction to @entity115 given for @entity2258 .

title: [ @entity9374 . @entity6715 and XXXX : an important diagnostic distinction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girl', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['infection with herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['erythema multiforme']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: Three @entity1 , a @entity1 aged 10 and two @entity1 aged 59 and 64 years, had @entity9374 , @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ), respectively. @entity6715 and @entity137 are rare illnesses with a high morbidity and mortality. The aetiology is mainly iatrogenic: a hypersensitivity reaction to certain pharmaceutical prescriptions. @entity6715 and @entity137 should be differentiated from the more frequent @entity9374 , a self-limiting disease without important residual symptoms, which is usually initiated by @entity2025 . @entity6715 and @entity137 are variants in a spectrum of exfoliative dermatoses with @entity39 . @entity6715 and @entity137 on the one hand and @entity9374 on the other can be distinguished on the basis of aetiology, clinical symptoms and histopathology. The distinction can, however, be difficult, notably in the early stages. The @entity1 recovered completely. The first @entity1 was treated with @entity288 and also recovered; she was thought to have developed the syndrome as a reaction to malarial prophylactics. The third @entity1 died, despite extensive treatment, of @entity177 and sloughing of 70% of the skin, probably as a reaction to @entity115 given for @entity2258 .

title: [ @entity9374 . XXXX and @entity137 : an important diagnostic distinction].

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']


abstract: Three @entity1 , a @entity1 aged 10 and two @entity1 aged 59 and 64 years, had @entity9374 , @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ), respectively. @entity6715 and @entity137 are rare illnesses with a high morbidity and mortality. The aetiology is mainly iatrogenic: a hypersensitivity reaction to certain pharmaceutical prescriptions. @entity6715 and @entity137 should be differentiated from the more frequent @entity9374 , a self-limiting disease without important residual symptoms, which is usually initiated by @entity2025 . @entity6715 and @entity137 are variants in a spectrum of exfoliative dermatoses with @entity39 . @entity6715 and @entity137 on the one hand and @entity9374 on the other can be distinguished on the basis of aetiology, clinical symptoms and histopathology. The distinction can, however, be difficult, notably in the early stages. The @entity1 recovered completely. The first @entity1 was treated with @entity288 and also recovered; she was thought to have developed the syndrome as a reaction to malarial prophylactics. The third @entity1 died, despite extensive treatment, of @entity177 and sloughing of 70% of the skin, probably as a reaction to @entity115 given for @entity2258 .

title: [ XXXX . @entity6715 and @entity137 : an important diagnostic distinction].

answer: @entity9374 :: (MESH:D004892,Disease) :: ['Erythema multiforme vs']


abstract: Survivin is ubiquitously expressed in @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) and is associated with poor survival and chemotherapy resistance. @entity67443 ( @entity67443 ) is a selective survivin suppressant that exhibits potent antitumor activities by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in various types of @entity5 . However, the curative effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity67443 in @entity213 remain unclear. This study showed that survivin overexpression positively correlated with p-S6, @entity996 and @entity3607 but negatively correlated with the autophagic marker @entity21684 in @entity1 @entity213 tissues. In vitro studies revealed that @entity67443 triggered apoptosis of @entity213 cells in mitochondria and death receptor-dependent manner. The treatment also significantly enhanced autophagy by upregulating @entity8783 , which led to cell death. @entity67443 not only downregulated the expression of survivin but also remarkably suppressed the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. @entity67443 displayed potent antitumor activities in both CAL27 xenograft and transgenic @entity213 @entity19 models by delaying @entity5 onset and suppressing @entity5 growth. Furthermore, @entity67443 combined with @entity1205 promoted @entity5 regression better than either treatment alone without causing considerable body weight loss in the @entity213 xenograft models. Overall, targeting survivin by @entity67443 can benefit @entity213 therapy by increasing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, and suppressing prosurvival pathways.

title: Dual induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death by targeting survivin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity67443 :: ('MESH:C523798', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepantronium bromide', 'YM155']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC', 'head neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: We present a technique that allows postoperative adjustment of the sling @entity2701 in female @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ). Twenty-one female @entity1 with urodynamically proven @entity3142 were prospectively evaluated. Subjective and objective evaluation was made preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively and yearly thereafter. Mean age was 63.5; mean parity was 2.3. All @entity1 were postmenopausal and 13 (62%) had had previous surgery for @entity3142 . The operating time was 32 minutes (range 25-45). At a mean follow-up of 12 months (6-25), 19 @entity1 (90.5%) were very satisfied. Two @entity1 (9.5%) were considered failures but subjectively were satisfied and refused readjustment. One @entity1 (4.7%) developed 'de novo' detrusor instability. In conclusion, this is a sling procedure for @entity1 with previous failed surgery and those with @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) with the peculiarity that the sling @entity2701 can be regulated postoperatively. The readjustment can be made in the office, months or even years after the procedure.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX using a method for postoperative adjustment of sling @entity2701 (Remeex System).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence', 'USI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['urinary stress incontinence']


abstract: We present a technique that allows postoperative adjustment of the sling @entity2701 in female @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ). Twenty-one female @entity1 with urodynamically proven @entity3142 were prospectively evaluated. Subjective and objective evaluation was made preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively and yearly thereafter. Mean age was 63.5; mean parity was 2.3. All @entity1 were postmenopausal and 13 (62%) had had previous surgery for @entity3142 . The operating time was 32 minutes (range 25-45). At a mean follow-up of 12 months (6-25), 19 @entity1 (90.5%) were very satisfied. Two @entity1 (9.5%) were considered failures but subjectively were satisfied and refused readjustment. One @entity1 (4.7%) developed 'de novo' detrusor instability. In conclusion, this is a sling procedure for @entity1 with previous failed surgery and those with @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) with the peculiarity that the sling @entity2701 can be regulated postoperatively. The readjustment can be made in the office, months or even years after the procedure.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity3142 using a method for postoperative adjustment of sling XXXX (Remeex System).

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) has been shown to induce bone formation and union in long bone defects and nonunions. There are, however, no previous reports of BMP being used for ulnar nonunions. We report on five cases of resistant ulnar nonunions treated with a composite implant consisting of a biocoral frame, collagen carrier, and @entity291 BMP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four diaphyseal and one olecranon ulnar nonunions were treated using BMP/coral implant combined with internal fixation. Additional autografting was used in three cases. All of the cases were challenging in their own ways: Three of the @entity1 had been operated on earlier for their nonunion without success, one had a 40 mm @entity604 , and one had a 9-month-old untreated @entity174 . After excision of the sclerotic surfaces of the nonunion, the gap was filled with autograft and a composite implant containing BMP. Fixation was done with a compression plate in the diaphyseal nonunions and with a tension band in the olecranon nonunion. RESULTS: Solid union was achieved in all five cases. No @entity281 or other adverse effects were encountered. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that BMP-containing implants might be a feasible alternative or superior to autografting in the treatment of resistant ulnar nonunions.

title: Composite implant of native XXXX bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), collagen carrier and biocoral in the treatment of resistant ulnar nonunions: report of five preliminary cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['olecranon fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: To evaluate the helical CT findings of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 12 @entity1 with @entity157 were reviewed with regard to the @entity5 's location, size and contour protrusion, the appearance of the mass, the enhancement pattern, multiplicity and secondary changes. All @entity5 were located at the periphery of the liver and had a protruding contour. The maximum diameter of @entity5 ranged from 2 cm to 16 cm. Discontinuity of the hepatic surface was seen in 11 cases. In eight cases, CT images during the arterial phase showed a non-enhancing low attenuating lesion with focal discontinuity and peripheral rim enhancement. Seven cases showed @entity5 content from the peripheral enhancing rim and intraperitoneal @entity5 content into the perihepatic space. Because of the similar appearance to an enucleated orbital globe with remaining sclera, this was termed the "enucleation sign". As well as ruptured masses, 10 cases with non-ruptured masses also showed a non-enhancing low attenuating pattern. Seven cases showed a haematoma with high attenuation around the ruptured mass. The peripheral location, protruding contour, discontinuity of the hepatic surface and surrounding haematoma are helpful signs in the diagnosis of @entity157 . The "enucleation sign" may be a characteristic finding in @entity157 .

title: The findings of XXXX on helical CT.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC', 'ruptured HCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured tumours', 'separation of tumour', 'tumours', 'rupture of tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Socioeconomic factors cannot entirely explain why black @entity1 have an earlier age of @entity0 onset and higher mortality rates, stage for stage, than whites. We and others have shown that @entity1486 [PSA, also known as @entity1 @entity18504 (hK) 3] is a marker of breast as well as @entity263 , that @entity14958 and @entity16914 are highly homologous at the DNA and protein level and that the level of @entity1420 , which appears to upregulate @entity16914 , is influenced by ethnicity. We hypothesized that nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) @entity14958 and @entity16914 levels are (i) lower in black than white @entity1 ; (ii) independently associated with @entity0 ; (iii) influenced by menopausal status; and (iv) in combination are more informative about whether a @entity1 has @entity0 than either marker alone. NAF was assayed for @entity14958 and @entity16914 , and the results were stratified by ethnicity, presence or absence of @entity5 and menopausal status. Statistical analysis was then performed. When stratified by ethnicity, @entity14958 (p = 0.003) and @entity16914 (p = 0.027) levels in blacks were lower than in whites. @entity14958 was lower in premenopausal black than in white subjects, regardless of @entity5 status. Overall, @entity14958 , @entity16914 and the ratio @entity14958 / @entity16914 were lower in subjects with @entity0 than in normal subjects. @entity16914 was lower in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of ethnicity. @entity14958 and @entity16914 levels were higher in pre- than in postmenopausal whites. Using logistic regression and considering @entity14958 , @entity16914 , @entity14958 / @entity16914 and ethnicity, @entity16914 was significantly associated with @entity0 in both pre- (p < 0.001) and postmenopausal @entity1 (p = 0.023). In conclusion, whereas @entity14958 , @entity16914 , @entity14958 / @entity16914 and ethnicity are each significantly associated with @entity0 bivariately, after entering the strongest predictor, @entity16914 , into a logistic regression model, no other variable accounted for additional variation, although this observation is preliminary due to the limited number of black subjects in the study.

title: Ethnic variation in XXXX expression in nipple aspirate fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity18504 :: (9622,Gene) :: ['kallikrein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metallothioneins (MT) are low-molecular weight, metal-binding proteins that play a role in cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as in cellular defense mechanisms. They act as scavengers of free radicals produced by irradiation. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have linked overexpression of cellular MT with @entity5 cell resistance to radiation. This is the first study that investigates whether MT expression is involved in the radioresistance of @entity189 . METHODS: Using a mouse monoclonal antibody, MT expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on surgical samples (n = 85) from 85 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 who were treated preoperatively with a hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy schedule and on @entity5 biopsies (n = 13) obtained before treatment. The potential correlations between MT expression and pathologic variables and survival were examined. RESULTS: MT were expressed strongly in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of @entity5 cells in 7 biopsy and 42 surgical samples. A comparison of MT expression in biopsy and surgical specimens showed that MT expression did not change after irradiation in most cases. Against all expectations, MT were expressed more frequently in @entity5 from responders than in those from the nonresponders (P = 0.02). There was no correlation between MT expression and @entity5 stage, histology after radiotherapy, or survival. CONCLUSION: These findings do not Cansupport the hypothesis that MT overexpression at the end of radiotherapy is a marker for radiation resistance.

title: Role of metallothioneins in irradiated @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metallothioneins (MT) are low-molecular weight, metal-binding proteins that play a role in cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as in cellular defense mechanisms. They act as scavengers of free radicals produced by irradiation. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have linked overexpression of cellular MT with @entity5 cell resistance to radiation. This is the first study that investigates whether MT expression is involved in the radioresistance of @entity189 . METHODS: Using a mouse monoclonal antibody, MT expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on surgical samples (n = 85) from 85 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 who were treated preoperatively with a hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy schedule and on @entity5 biopsies (n = 13) obtained before treatment. The potential correlations between MT expression and pathologic variables and survival were examined. RESULTS: MT were expressed strongly in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of @entity5 cells in 7 biopsy and 42 surgical samples. A comparison of MT expression in biopsy and surgical specimens showed that MT expression did not change after irradiation in most cases. Against all expectations, MT were expressed more frequently in @entity5 from responders than in those from the nonresponders (P = 0.02). There was no correlation between MT expression and @entity5 stage, histology after radiotherapy, or survival. CONCLUSION: These findings do not Cansupport the hypothesis that MT overexpression at the end of radiotherapy is a marker for radiation resistance.

title: Role of metallothioneins in irradiated XXXX @entity189 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progressively increasing number of long-term survivors after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) led researchers to focus on the early and late complications of this procedure. Endocrine dysfunction occurred mostly in @entity1 who had undergone total body irradiation (TBI) as part of pretransplantation treatment. The extent to which chemotherapy and immune system derangement affect endocrine function in allo-BMT recipients is still unclear. METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ) with @entity1503 surviving 12 or more months after allo-BMT from HLA-identical siblings were studied. @entity1 ' age at transplantation ranged from 13 to 45 years and their post-BMT follow-up lasted 12-62 months. The conditioning regimen BUCY2 was employed. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was observed in the acute form in 13 @entity1 and in the chronic form in 26. The function of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad, thyroid, somatotrophic, and adrenal axes was assessed. RESULTS: The most common @entity4903 was @entity11157 (95% of @entity1 ), followed by an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone in 47% of @entity1 , indicating spermatogenesis damage. @entity9646 replacement therapy was contraindicated in three @entity1 because of chronic liver @entity2132 and it was ineffective partially in four others because of reduced intestinal or cutaneous absorption. @entity1374 occurred in 47.5% of @entity1 and included @entity3214 , @entity10972 , and transient @entity1378 and @entity1375 . Adrenal function was abnormal in 10%, mostly related to the prolonged corticosteroid treatment. @entity442 was lower than age-reference values in 27% of all @entity1 and in 38% of those with chronic @entity2132 . Thyroid, adrenal, and @entity442 impairments were more frequent in @entity1 with chronic @entity2132 than in @entity1 without this disease (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity4903 was detected in a cohort of allo-BMT recipients not treated by TBI. Although @entity177 was likely related to intensive myeloablative treatments, thyroid, adrenal, and @entity442 impairments were late events, suggesting that immunosuppressive treatment and immune system derangement may play a role in the development of @entity4903 after allografting.

title: High prevalence of XXXX in long-term survivors after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for @entity1503 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity10972 :: ('MESH:C535842', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal failure']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['low T3 syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity4903 :: (MESH:D004700,Disease) :: ['endocrine dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progressively increasing number of long-term survivors after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) led researchers to focus on the early and late complications of this procedure. Endocrine dysfunction occurred mostly in @entity1 who had undergone total body irradiation (TBI) as part of pretransplantation treatment. The extent to which chemotherapy and immune system derangement affect endocrine function in allo-BMT recipients is still unclear. METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ) with @entity1503 surviving 12 or more months after allo-BMT from HLA-identical siblings were studied. @entity1 ' age at transplantation ranged from 13 to 45 years and their post-BMT follow-up lasted 12-62 months. The conditioning regimen BUCY2 was employed. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was observed in the acute form in 13 @entity1 and in the chronic form in 26. The function of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad, thyroid, somatotrophic, and adrenal axes was assessed. RESULTS: The most common @entity4903 was @entity11157 (95% of @entity1 ), followed by an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone in 47% of @entity1 , indicating spermatogenesis damage. @entity9646 replacement therapy was contraindicated in three @entity1 because of chronic liver @entity2132 and it was ineffective partially in four others because of reduced intestinal or cutaneous absorption. @entity1374 occurred in 47.5% of @entity1 and included @entity3214 , @entity10972 , and transient @entity1378 and @entity1375 . Adrenal function was abnormal in 10%, mostly related to the prolonged corticosteroid treatment. @entity442 was lower than age-reference values in 27% of all @entity1 and in 38% of those with chronic @entity2132 . Thyroid, adrenal, and @entity442 impairments were more frequent in @entity1 with chronic @entity2132 than in @entity1 without this disease (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity4903 was detected in a cohort of allo-BMT recipients not treated by TBI. Although @entity177 was likely related to intensive myeloablative treatments, thyroid, adrenal, and @entity442 impairments were late events, suggesting that immunosuppressive treatment and immune system derangement may play a role in the development of @entity4903 after allografting.

title: High prevalence of @entity4903 in long-term survivors after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematologic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3307 ) infection of @entity5 cells results in viral replication with cell destruction and liberation of progeny virion that infect adjacent @entity5 cells. rRp450 is a novel replication-conditional @entity3307 mutant that expresses both the endogenous herpes viral @entity1014 kinase gene and the @entity35 @entity11670 CYP2B1 transgene; @entity11670 bioactivates such @entity5 prodrugs as @entity786 . METHODS: @entity137 and replication assays were performed in @entity694 cells as well as primary @entity1 hepatocytes. For in vivo studies, diffuse liver @entity3 were generated by inoculating MC26 cells into the portal system of BALB/c @entity19 . @entity19 were treated with control media, rRp450, or rRp450 plus @entity786 . RESULTS: Cytopathic effects induced by rRp450 replication in @entity694 cells were equivalent to those induced by wild type @entity3307 in vitro. Assays developed to separate @entity137 mediated by viral replication from @entity137 mediated by chemotherapy confirmed that @entity3307 @entity1014 kinase bioactivates @entity4540 and CYP2B1 bioactivates @entity786 in rRp450-infected cells. rRp450 mediated @entity137 in the presence of @entity786 was increased by 21% to 30% above that achieved by viral replication alone. @entity786 bioactivation produced bystander killing of @entity694 cells but not hepatocytes. In contrast to these effects of @entity786 , rRp450 mediated @entity137 was reduced in the presence of @entity4540 . These findings are explained by further experiments showing that bioactivation of @entity786 only minimally affected @entity3307 replication in @entity694 cells, whereas bioactivation of @entity4540 markedly attenuated @entity3307 replication. In vivo studies revealed a substantial decrease in @entity99 burden in all rRp450-treated animals compared to controls. The addition of @entity786 augmented rRp450's in vivo anti-neoplastic effect. CONCLUSIONS: The rRp450 mutant @entity3307 is highly oncolytic against @entity694 cells both in vitro and in vivo. rRp450 displays preferential replication in @entity694 cells compared to normal hepatocytes. Activation of @entity786 by the @entity11670 transgene augmented the anti-neoplastic effects of rRp450 without simultaneously decreasing viral replication. Oncolysis induced by @entity3307 replication combined with @entity786 prodrug activation warrants further investigation as a potential therapy for @entity694 liver @entity3 .

title: Prodrug bioactivation and oncolysis of diffuse liver XXXX by a @entity3307 mutant that expresses the CYP2B1 transgene.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Viral cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1', 'HSV-1']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3307 ) infection of @entity5 cells results in viral replication with cell destruction and liberation of progeny virion that infect adjacent @entity5 cells. rRp450 is a novel replication-conditional @entity3307 mutant that expresses both the endogenous herpes viral @entity1014 kinase gene and the @entity35 @entity11670 CYP2B1 transgene; @entity11670 bioactivates such @entity5 prodrugs as @entity786 . METHODS: @entity137 and replication assays were performed in @entity694 cells as well as primary @entity1 hepatocytes. For in vivo studies, diffuse liver @entity3 were generated by inoculating MC26 cells into the portal system of BALB/c @entity19 . @entity19 were treated with control media, rRp450, or rRp450 plus @entity786 . RESULTS: Cytopathic effects induced by rRp450 replication in @entity694 cells were equivalent to those induced by wild type @entity3307 in vitro. Assays developed to separate @entity137 mediated by viral replication from @entity137 mediated by chemotherapy confirmed that @entity3307 @entity1014 kinase bioactivates @entity4540 and CYP2B1 bioactivates @entity786 in rRp450-infected cells. rRp450 mediated @entity137 in the presence of @entity786 was increased by 21% to 30% above that achieved by viral replication alone. @entity786 bioactivation produced bystander killing of @entity694 cells but not hepatocytes. In contrast to these effects of @entity786 , rRp450 mediated @entity137 was reduced in the presence of @entity4540 . These findings are explained by further experiments showing that bioactivation of @entity786 only minimally affected @entity3307 replication in @entity694 cells, whereas bioactivation of @entity4540 markedly attenuated @entity3307 replication. In vivo studies revealed a substantial decrease in @entity99 burden in all rRp450-treated animals compared to controls. The addition of @entity786 augmented rRp450's in vivo anti-neoplastic effect. CONCLUSIONS: The rRp450 mutant @entity3307 is highly oncolytic against @entity694 cells both in vitro and in vivo. rRp450 displays preferential replication in @entity694 cells compared to normal hepatocytes. Activation of @entity786 by the @entity11670 transgene augmented the anti-neoplastic effects of rRp450 without simultaneously decreasing viral replication. Oncolysis induced by @entity3307 replication combined with @entity786 prodrug activation warrants further investigation as a potential therapy for @entity694 liver @entity3 .

title: Prodrug bioactivation and oncolysis of diffuse liver @entity3 by a XXXX mutant that expresses the CYP2B1 transgene.

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['herpes simplex virus 1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the pathology of @entity356 and to determine whether @entity189 of the @entity418 occurs more often among whites than among other ethnic groups in Hawaii. This study focuses on demographic differences in subsite locations and histologic types of @entity356 . METHODS: We reviewed 532 sequential gastric @entity189 accessioned between 1993 and 1999 in the Hawaii Tumor Registry. Pathology reports and slides were reviewed by the study pathologist. RESULTS: @entity189 of the @entity418 occurred in 51 (15.8%) of 323 males compared with 18 (8.6%) of 209 females (P = 0.02, after age adjustment). The age-adjusted percent of @entity418 cases was 41.8% for Hawaiian white males compared with 13.4% for @entity1 of all other ethnic groups (P = 0.0002). The age-adjusted percent of @entity418 cases was 22.4% for Hawaiian white females compared with 7.3% for females of other groups. (P = 0.08). At all age levels, females had more frequent diffuse @entity189 and less frequent @entity356 than @entity1 . The age-adjusted percent with diffuse @entity189 was 35.3% for females and 13.7% for males (P < 0.0001). Also, the sex-adjusted percent with diffuse @entity189 was 26.0% for @entity1 younger than 75 years of age compared with 17.0% for @entity1 75 years or older (P = 0.01). Conversely, the sex-adjusted percent with @entity4056 was 67.9% for @entity1 younger than 75 years of age compared with 77.1% for @entity1 75 years or older (P = 0.02). The proportion of cases showing precursor lesions (intestinal metaplasia or superficial @entity3621 ) increased progressively with the distance of the @entity189 from the @entity418 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 of the @entity418 is predominantly a @entity5 of white males and is not associated with the multifocal @entity3621 characteristically found with @entity189 . Diffuse @entity356 shows no ethnic predilection, but expression of this phenotype is clearly related to the age and gender of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX : pathology findings in a multiethnic population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma distal to the cardia', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal type gastric carcinomas', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Most reports of outcome following @entity28 surgery report weight and co-morbidity changes only. We studied body composition changes in 17 adult @entity1 (15 F, 2 M, age 43+/-2 years, range 28-58 years), with morbid @entity28 (initial BMI 40.4+/-4.9 kg/m(2), range 34.7-48.8) who were managed surgically by laparoscopically inserting an adjustable gastric band. Body composition was studied before and after surgery (mean interval of 909+/-51 days, range 441-1155 days) using anthropometry (abdominal circumference, AC, sum of four skinfold thicknesses, SFSUM), whole-body @entity972 counting (TBK), in vivo neutron activation analysis total body @entity1568 (TBProtein) and whole-body dual-energy ray absorptiometry (total body percent fat TBF%, and total body bone mineral density TBBMD). Weight loss over the study period was 23.4+/-2.5 kg. ( p<0.0003) with an AC reduction of 20.0+/-4.5 cm ( p<0.008). Both SFSUM and TBF% were significantly reduced ( p<0.02 and p<0.0005 respectively). Both TBK and TBProtein after normalization for sex and height, were significantly ( p<0.0054 and p<0.001 respectively) reduced, but the ratio of loss of fat mass to fat-free mass, at 4.4:1 was usual for @entity353 , and there was no significant changes in the ratio of @entity972 to protein. TBBMD, after normalization relative to a young same sex adult, was not significantly changed. In this group of @entity1 , most of the substantial @entity353 over a 2- to 3-year period was due to loss of fat mass, with relatively less reduction in the components of fat-free mass. Adjustable laparoscopic gastric banding induces fat loss without significant other deleterious effects on body composition.

title: Body composition changes following laparoscopic gastric banding for morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last 20 years, survival rates of @entity135 @entity1 in the United States and Europe have plateaued. To determine the factors that can reduce mortality rates, we examined changes in clinical presentation and survival rates across 24 years of treatment of @entity135 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity135 was conducted from January 1, 1975, to December 31, 1998. We identified 2143 eligible @entity1 with @entity1544 , oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Changes in gender, clinical stage, and therapy were evaluated separately for each site of @entity5 across five consecutive periods. Probability of dying and overall survival rates were estimated. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios were calculated. RESULTS: An increase in T1 versus T2 or higher stage @entity189 was more probable for the oral cavity and larynx (OR = 4.1 and 3.0, respectively) in the last versus the earliest period. An increase in radical treatments was more probable for @entity189 of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx (10.2, 34.8, 12.5, and 2.1-fold, respectively) in the last versus the earliest period. A decreasing trend of probability of dying from the first @entity135 during the 1970s versus the 1990s was found. The overall survival rates at 5 years was 32% in 1975-1978 versus 51% in 1989-1993. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with survival rates in the United States and Europe, our findings show a significant increase in overall survival rates during the last 20 years. This increase is attributable to changes in diagnostic-therapeutic approaches and to early consultation with a physician for symptoms arising in the head and neck region.

title: Changes in presentation and survival of XXXX in Northeastern Italy, 1975-1998.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck carcinomas']


abstract: The expression of the angiotensin-forming enzymes, @entity54872 and angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity39671 ), were examined in the @entity291 uteroplacental unit. The @entity39671 activity was determined in cell membrane fractions, and @entity39671 and @entity54872 were localized by autoradiography and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In the myometrium, the @entity39671 activity was significantly higher in dioestrous than in oestrous. @entity39671 activity correlated negatively with the day of gestation in the endometrium and myometrium but positively in the placentome and allantoamniotic membrane. Autoradiography showed, that @entity39671 was localized in vascular endothelial cells in all compartments. @entity39671 was also expressed in the endometrial stroma and uterine glands, most pronounced in the outer part of the basal zone. In the intercotyledonary membrane and the placentome, the mesenchymal cells located near the trophoblast cells expressed @entity39671 . Solitary macrophage- or monocyte-like cells showing intense @entity54872 immunoreactivity were found in the uterus, while the uterine and the glandular epithelial cells displayed inconsistent reactivity. No @entity54872 was observed in the placentomes or in the fetal membranes. The findings demonstrate a regulated expression of angiotensin-forming enzymes throughout the @entity291 uteroplacental unit. Whether this local @entity54872 -angiotensin system contributes to the highly regulated morphological and functional changes throughout the oestrous cycle and gestation remains to be established.

title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the XXXX uteroplacental unit changes in relation to the cycle and pregnancy.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The daily use of either intranasal corticosteroids or @entity112 (1) (H(1)) receptor antagonists has proved to be efficacious in the treatment of @entity2023 . Most @entity1 , however, use these medications as needed. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of as-needed use of H(1) receptor antagonists with that of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of @entity2023 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study comparing the as-needed use of an H(1) receptor antagonist ( @entity4255 ) with that of an intranasal @entity228 ( @entity5023 ) in the management of fall @entity2023 in the fall of 1999. Subjects kept a diary of their daily symptoms and were examined at enrollment into the study and biweekly for 4 weeks during treatment. Outcome measures were the @entity7370 Quality of Life Questionnaire score, daily symptom diary scores, and the number of eosinophils and the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal lavage samples. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity5023 -treated group reported significantly better scores in the activity, sleep, practical, nasal, and overall domains (P<.05) of the @entity7370 Quality of Life Questionnaire. The median total symptom score in the @entity5023 -treated group was significantly lower than that in the @entity4255 -treated group (4.0 vs 7.0; P<.01). After treatment, the number of eosinophils was significantly smaller in the @entity5023 -treated group compared with the @entity4255 -treated group (P =.001). Eosinophilic cationic protein levels followed the same pattern, with a significant correlation between the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein and the number of eosinophils (r(s) = 0.70, P<.01). CONCLUSION: As-needed intranasal corticosteroids reduce @entity32 and are more effective than as-needed H(1) receptor antagonists in the treatment of @entity2023 .

title: Superiority of an intranasal corticosteroid compared with an oral antihistamine in the as-needed treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity4255 :: ('MESH:D017336', 'Chemical') :: ['loratadine']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity303 @entity1 suffer from the progressive deterioration of cognitive and functional abilities. @entity717 usually appear in the earlier stages of the disease while basic disabilities appear in the more advanced stages. In order to differentiate between mild, moderate and severe @entity1 both @entity717 should be taken into account simultaneously. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to find a new method for classifying @entity303 @entity1 based on their disabilities by using a basic and an instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. METHODS: Functional disability was assessed in a Belgian cohort of @entity303 @entity1 using the Katz and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales. A k-means derived clustering method allocated @entity1 to disability clusters according to their Katz and Lawton scores. In order to validate the classification, we compared socio-demographic, clinical and costs parameters between the groups. RESULTS: The clustering method allocated @entity1 between three clusters: dependent, non-dependent with @entity717 (ND-IFD) and non-dependent. @entity734 , as defined by these clusters, significantly correlates with age, residential setting, MMSE, @entity1 's quality of life and costs. CONCLUSION: This new classification of @entity1 suffering from @entity303 will provide better understanding of functional disabilities and will complement the evaluation of disease severity based on cognitive function.

title: A new approach to the qualitative evaluation of functional disability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['instrumental and basic functional disabilities', 'instrumental functional disability', 'Instrumental disabilities']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The pericardial organs (POs) are a pair of neurosecretory organs that surround the crustacean heart and release neuromodulators into the hemolymph. In adult crustaceans, the POs are known to contain a wide array of peptide and @entity4976 modulators. However, little is known about the modulatory content of POs early in development. We characterize the morphology and modulatory content of pericardial organs in the embryonic lobster, @entity24091 . The POs are well developed by midway through embryonic (E50) life and contain a wide array of neuromodulatory substances. Immunoreactivities to orcokinin, extended @entity63031 peptides, @entity4149 hydroxylase, @entity70618 , @entity70619 , @entity750 , Cancer borealis @entity4756 -related peptide, cholecystokinin, and crustacean cardioactive peptide are present in the POs by approximately midway through embryonic life. There are two classes of projection patterns to the POs. Immunoreactivities to orcokinin, extended @entity63031 peptides, and @entity4149 hydroxylase project solely from the subesophageal ganglion (SEG), whereas the remaining modulators project from the SEG as well as from the thoracic ganglia. Double-labeling experiments with a subset of modulators did not reveal any colocalized peptides in the POs. These results suggest that the POs could be a major source of neuromodulators early in development.

title: Neuromodulatory complement of the pericardial organs in the embryonic lobster, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity70618 :: ('MESH:C011536', 'Chemical') :: ['proctolin']

entities_list: @entity24091 :: ('6706', 'Species') :: ['Homarus americanus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

entities_list: @entity63031 :: ('MESH:C066148', 'Chemical') :: ['FLRFamide']

entities_list: @entity70619 :: ('MESH:C076523', 'Chemical') :: ['allatostatin']

answer: @entity24091 :: (6706,Species) :: ['Homarus americanus']


abstract: Trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides consist of three members that play a @entity33 and repair, and in tumourigenesis. The role of the three TFF members in the @entity356 cascade remains poorly defined. This study examined seven gastric cell lines, 50 @entity356 and their adjacent non- @entity5 tissues, and tissues from 40 non- @entity5 @entity1 , in order to elucidate the chronology of TFF expression in various stages of @entity356 . TFF expression was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Aberrant expression of @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 was frequently detected in gastric cell lines. Specifically, @entity3559 was detected in all non- @entity5 @entity1 , but was detected in only 50% of @entity356 and 66% of adjacent normal tissues. @entity3560 expression was demonstrated in 87.5% of non- @entity5 @entity1 , 34% of @entity356 , and 58% of adjacent non- @entity5 tissues. There was a significant correlation between @entity3559 and @entity3560 expression in @entity356 and adjacent non- @entity5 tissues (p<0.001). By contrast, @entity3561 was detected in 25% of non- @entity5 @entity1 and showed a predilection for areas with @entity1944 (p=0.005). Sixty-two per cent of @entity356 and 24% of neighbouring non- @entity5 tissues showed @entity3561 expression. Immunoreactivity against @entity3561 was demonstrated in goblet cells of @entity1944 and within the cytoplasm and nuclei of @entity5 cells. Progressive loss of @entity3559 and @entity3560 , together with the induction of @entity3561 , is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi-step @entity356 pathway.

title: Expression of trefoil peptides ( @entity3559 , XXXX , and @entity3561 ) in @entity356 , @entity1944 , and non-neoplastic gastric tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['role in intestinal mucosal defence']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity3560 :: (7032,Gene) :: ['TFF2']


abstract: Trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides consist of three members that play a @entity33 and repair, and in tumourigenesis. The role of the three TFF members in the @entity356 cascade remains poorly defined. This study examined seven gastric cell lines, 50 @entity356 and their adjacent non- @entity5 tissues, and tissues from 40 non- @entity5 @entity1 , in order to elucidate the chronology of TFF expression in various stages of @entity356 . TFF expression was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Aberrant expression of @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 was frequently detected in gastric cell lines. Specifically, @entity3559 was detected in all non- @entity5 @entity1 , but was detected in only 50% of @entity356 and 66% of adjacent normal tissues. @entity3560 expression was demonstrated in 87.5% of non- @entity5 @entity1 , 34% of @entity356 , and 58% of adjacent non- @entity5 tissues. There was a significant correlation between @entity3559 and @entity3560 expression in @entity356 and adjacent non- @entity5 tissues (p<0.001). By contrast, @entity3561 was detected in 25% of non- @entity5 @entity1 and showed a predilection for areas with @entity1944 (p=0.005). Sixty-two per cent of @entity356 and 24% of neighbouring non- @entity5 tissues showed @entity3561 expression. Immunoreactivity against @entity3561 was demonstrated in goblet cells of @entity1944 and within the cytoplasm and nuclei of @entity5 cells. Progressive loss of @entity3559 and @entity3560 , together with the induction of @entity3561 , is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi-step @entity356 pathway.

title: Expression of trefoil peptides ( @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 ) in XXXX , @entity1944 , and non-neoplastic gastric tissues.

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: Trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides consist of three members that play a @entity33 and repair, and in tumourigenesis. The role of the three TFF members in the @entity356 cascade remains poorly defined. This study examined seven gastric cell lines, 50 @entity356 and their adjacent non- @entity5 tissues, and tissues from 40 non- @entity5 @entity1 , in order to elucidate the chronology of TFF expression in various stages of @entity356 . TFF expression was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Aberrant expression of @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 was frequently detected in gastric cell lines. Specifically, @entity3559 was detected in all non- @entity5 @entity1 , but was detected in only 50% of @entity356 and 66% of adjacent normal tissues. @entity3560 expression was demonstrated in 87.5% of non- @entity5 @entity1 , 34% of @entity356 , and 58% of adjacent non- @entity5 tissues. There was a significant correlation between @entity3559 and @entity3560 expression in @entity356 and adjacent non- @entity5 tissues (p<0.001). By contrast, @entity3561 was detected in 25% of non- @entity5 @entity1 and showed a predilection for areas with @entity1944 (p=0.005). Sixty-two per cent of @entity356 and 24% of neighbouring non- @entity5 tissues showed @entity3561 expression. Immunoreactivity against @entity3561 was demonstrated in goblet cells of @entity1944 and within the cytoplasm and nuclei of @entity5 cells. Progressive loss of @entity3559 and @entity3560 , together with the induction of @entity3561 , is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi-step @entity356 pathway.

title: Expression of trefoil peptides ( XXXX , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 ) in @entity356 , @entity1944 , and non-neoplastic gastric tissues.

answer: @entity3559 :: (7031,Gene) :: ['TFF1']


abstract: Trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides consist of three members that play a @entity33 and repair, and in tumourigenesis. The role of the three TFF members in the @entity356 cascade remains poorly defined. This study examined seven gastric cell lines, 50 @entity356 and their adjacent non- @entity5 tissues, and tissues from 40 non- @entity5 @entity1 , in order to elucidate the chronology of TFF expression in various stages of @entity356 . TFF expression was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Aberrant expression of @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 was frequently detected in gastric cell lines. Specifically, @entity3559 was detected in all non- @entity5 @entity1 , but was detected in only 50% of @entity356 and 66% of adjacent normal tissues. @entity3560 expression was demonstrated in 87.5% of non- @entity5 @entity1 , 34% of @entity356 , and 58% of adjacent non- @entity5 tissues. There was a significant correlation between @entity3559 and @entity3560 expression in @entity356 and adjacent non- @entity5 tissues (p<0.001). By contrast, @entity3561 was detected in 25% of non- @entity5 @entity1 and showed a predilection for areas with @entity1944 (p=0.005). Sixty-two per cent of @entity356 and 24% of neighbouring non- @entity5 tissues showed @entity3561 expression. Immunoreactivity against @entity3561 was demonstrated in goblet cells of @entity1944 and within the cytoplasm and nuclei of @entity5 cells. Progressive loss of @entity3559 and @entity3560 , together with the induction of @entity3561 , is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi-step @entity356 pathway.

title: Expression of trefoil peptides ( @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 ) in @entity356 , XXXX , and non-neoplastic gastric tissues.

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal metaplasia']


abstract: Trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides consist of three members that play a @entity33 and repair, and in tumourigenesis. The role of the three TFF members in the @entity356 cascade remains poorly defined. This study examined seven gastric cell lines, 50 @entity356 and their adjacent non- @entity5 tissues, and tissues from 40 non- @entity5 @entity1 , in order to elucidate the chronology of TFF expression in various stages of @entity356 . TFF expression was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Aberrant expression of @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 was frequently detected in gastric cell lines. Specifically, @entity3559 was detected in all non- @entity5 @entity1 , but was detected in only 50% of @entity356 and 66% of adjacent normal tissues. @entity3560 expression was demonstrated in 87.5% of non- @entity5 @entity1 , 34% of @entity356 , and 58% of adjacent non- @entity5 tissues. There was a significant correlation between @entity3559 and @entity3560 expression in @entity356 and adjacent non- @entity5 tissues (p<0.001). By contrast, @entity3561 was detected in 25% of non- @entity5 @entity1 and showed a predilection for areas with @entity1944 (p=0.005). Sixty-two per cent of @entity356 and 24% of neighbouring non- @entity5 tissues showed @entity3561 expression. Immunoreactivity against @entity3561 was demonstrated in goblet cells of @entity1944 and within the cytoplasm and nuclei of @entity5 cells. Progressive loss of @entity3559 and @entity3560 , together with the induction of @entity3561 , is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi-step @entity356 pathway.

title: Expression of trefoil peptides ( @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and XXXX ) in @entity356 , @entity1944 , and non-neoplastic gastric tissues.

answer: @entity3561 :: (7033,Gene) :: ['TFF3']


abstract: The oesophageal-tracheal Combitube (Kendall-Sheridan Catheter Corp., Argyle, NY) is a device designed for difficult airways and @entity341 intubation. The manufacturer recommends that the Combitube size 37F SA be used in @entity1 with a height of between 122 and 152 cm. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ventilation is effective and reliable in anaesthetized @entity1 taller than 152 cm using the size 37F SA in the oesophageal position. We also evaluated whether airway protection is adequate and whether direct intubation of the @entity825 with the Combitube inserted in the oesophagus is possible. We studied 15 adult @entity1 undergoing routine general anaesthesia and 20 @entity1 who required @entity341 intubation following @entity130 . They were between 150 and 180 cm in height. Under direct vision, a size 37F SA Combitube was inserted into the oesophagus of all the @entity1 undergoing routine general anaesthesia (control group). Blind insertion was performed in the @entity341 @entity1 ( @entity341 group). The pharyngeal balloon was inflated with a volume titrated to air leak and cuff pressures were measured. During surgery, a laryngoscope was inserted into the pharynx with the pharyngeal balloon deflated and the laryngoscopic view was evaluated using the Cormack-Lehane scale. Ventilation was effective and reliable in all 35 @entity1 who were between 150 and 180 cm in height. In addition, a direct relationship between the pharyngeal balloon volume and @entity1 height was established (P<0.05), using linear regression models. The laryngoscopic view of the glottis was adequate to allow direct tracheal intubation in @entity1 in the control group, so that the Combitube size 37F SA may be used in @entity1 from 122 to 185 cm in height. The @entity825 could be directly intubated with the Combitube in the oesophageal position in @entity1 with normal airways and in @entity1 involved in @entity130 . In all @entity1 in the @entity341 group, blind insertion of the Combitube resulted in the device being placed in the oesophagus. The airway protection appears to be adequate.

title: Airway management with the Combitube during anaesthesia and in an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of biphasic and monophasic waveforms in a porcine model of @entity4806 . BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of biphasic waveforms in @entity1 has not been established. METHODS: We initially studied 27 piglets: 12 weighed 3-6 kg (' @entity1 '), and 15 weighed 7-12 kg (' @entity1 '). @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) was induced by rapid right ventricular pacing and maintained for 15 s. Transthoracic shocks of 7-100 J energy were given using monophasic (5 ms truncated exponential) and biphasic (5 ms positive, 5 ms negative pulse, truncated exponential) waveforms. A second study of four ' @entity1 ' and four ' @entity1 ' piglets utilized the same protocol but with a 10 ms instead of 5 ms monophasic truncated exponential shock waveform compared with the 10 ms biphasic waveform. RESULTS: For both biphasic and monophasic waveforms, shock success rate (termination of @entity2224 ) rose steadily as energy was increased. In the first study in the ' @entity1 ' 3-6 kg group, the 10 ms biphasic waveforms were superior to 5 ms monophasic waveforms at 10, 20, and 30 J energies, and in the ' @entity1 ' 7-12 kg group at 20 and 30 J energies (P<0.05). High success rates (>80%) were achieved by 20 J (4 J/kg) biphasic waveform shocks in the ' @entity1 ' piglets and 30 J (3 J/kg) biphasic waveform shocks in the ' @entity1 ' piglets. In the second study using a 10 ms monophasic waveform, we found similar results. Pulseless electrical activity occurred in two animals following biphasic shocks and in two animals following monophasic shocks. CONCLUSIONS: Biphasic waveforms proved superior to monophasic waveforms in both @entity1 and @entity1 models. High success rates were achieved with low-energy biphasic shocks. Biphasic waveform defibrillation is a promising advance in pediatric resuscitation.

title: XXXX : biphasic versus monophasic waveforms in an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['Pediatric transthoracic defibrillation']


abstract: CONTEXT: Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation is becoming an increasingly common treatment for a variety of @entity1503 . The treatment process is not benign. Both physiologic and psychological regimen-related side effects are common, @entity158 , and even life threatening. Music therapy is the prescribed use of music to aid in the prevention or amelioration of physical, @entity73 . Relaxation imagery, as used in this study, consisted of simple visualization and direct imagery-based suggestions. The mechanism of action of the intervention is hypothesized to be reduction of the stress response through neuroendocrine pathways. OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of providing a combined music therapy and relaxation imagery intervention to @entity1 on a bone marrow transplant (BMT) unit and to examine the effects on the frequency and intensity of @entity158 and @entity390 , the two most common side effects associated with transplantation. DESIGN: Case controlled study. SETTING: University hospital-based bone marrow transplant unit serving @entity1 of all ages. @entity1 : Transplant recipients aged 4 years or older. INTERVENTION: 45-minute music-assisted relaxation and relaxation imagery sessions provided twice a week by a trained music therapist from date of enrollment into the study to discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre/post music/relaxation imagery intervention measures of @entity158 and @entity390 using a visual analog scale; determination of time-to-engraftment.

title: The effect of using music therapy with relaxation imagery in the management of XXXX undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a pilot feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological, or cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mitotic kinase-encoding gene @entity875 / @entity875 / @entity875 is associated with @entity2007 and transformation when overexpressed in @entity1 cells. @entity875 overexpression activates an unknown oncogenic pathway that involves centrosome amplification and results in missegregation of chromosomes. Because clinical prognosis and @entity5 @entity2007 are tightly linked in @entity1 @entity150 , we examined whether increased @entity875 copy number and protein levels are linked to @entity2007 in @entity150 . METHODS: @entity875 protein was visualized by immunohistochemistry in 205 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity150 . @entity875 gene copy number was evaluated in 61 @entity5 by Southern blot hybridization and in 21 of these 61 @entity5 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Copy numbers of chromosomes 3, 17, 20, and 21 were evaluated by FISH with chromosome-specific probes. @entity875 expression levels were related to histologic grade, stage, and DNA ploidy of the @entity5 and to the @entity1 ' follow-up data. The chi-square test for association was used to analyze the relationship between @entity875 expression and pathologic features. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity5 with low levels of @entity875 amplification (3-4 copies) showed minimal deviation in their chromosome copy number and diploid or near-diploid total nuclear DNA content. @entity5 with higher levels of @entity875 amplification (>4 copies) had a major increase of chromosome copy number and of their total nuclear DNA content, i.e., exhibited pronounced @entity2007 . Elevated expression of @entity875 was strongly associated with parameters of clinical @entity146 including high histologic grade (P<.001), invasion (P<.001), increased rate of @entity3 (P<.001), and decreased @entity3 -free (P<.001) and overall (P<.001) survival of @entity1 with @entity150 . CONCLUSION: @entity875 gene amplification and associated increased expression of the mitotic kinase it encodes are associated with @entity2007 and @entity146 clinical behavior in @entity1 @entity150 .

title: Amplification/overexpression of a mitotic kinase gene in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mitotic kinase-encoding gene @entity875 / @entity875 / @entity875 is associated with @entity2007 and transformation when overexpressed in @entity1 cells. @entity875 overexpression activates an unknown oncogenic pathway that involves centrosome amplification and results in missegregation of chromosomes. Because clinical prognosis and @entity5 @entity2007 are tightly linked in @entity1 @entity150 , we examined whether increased @entity875 copy number and protein levels are linked to @entity2007 in @entity150 . METHODS: @entity875 protein was visualized by immunohistochemistry in 205 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity150 . @entity875 gene copy number was evaluated in 61 @entity5 by Southern blot hybridization and in 21 of these 61 @entity5 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Copy numbers of chromosomes 3, 17, 20, and 21 were evaluated by FISH with chromosome-specific probes. @entity875 expression levels were related to histologic grade, stage, and DNA ploidy of the @entity5 and to the @entity1 ' follow-up data. The chi-square test for association was used to analyze the relationship between @entity875 expression and pathologic features. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity5 with low levels of @entity875 amplification (3-4 copies) showed minimal deviation in their chromosome copy number and diploid or near-diploid total nuclear DNA content. @entity5 with higher levels of @entity875 amplification (>4 copies) had a major increase of chromosome copy number and of their total nuclear DNA content, i.e., exhibited pronounced @entity2007 . Elevated expression of @entity875 was strongly associated with parameters of clinical @entity146 including high histologic grade (P<.001), invasion (P<.001), increased rate of @entity3 (P<.001), and decreased @entity3 -free (P<.001) and overall (P<.001) survival of @entity1 with @entity150 . CONCLUSION: @entity875 gene amplification and associated increased expression of the mitotic kinase it encodes are associated with @entity2007 and @entity146 clinical behavior in @entity1 @entity150 .

title: Amplification/overexpression of a mitotic kinase gene in XXXX @entity150 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value of conservative surgery for @entity1870 in reducing symptoms and raising pregnancy rate. METHODS: 26 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1870 who wanted to preserve their reproductive capacity had conservative surgery (adenomyomectomy or remove @entity75 ). The @entity1 's average age was 35.8 years. The main complaints were @entity1834 and @entity931 . Of the 22 married @entity1 , 7 had primary @entity249 (31.8%), 10 had secondary @entity249 (45.5%) and 3 had @entity7992 (13.6%). RESULTS: 10 @entity1 had @entity2257 , the lesion were completely removed. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity1870 , the part of lesion were removed. The rate of the severe @entity1834 and @entity931 after operation were significantly lower than that before (P < 0.001). After operation, 7 @entity1 with @entity2257 wanted to have a baby, 5 @entity1 conceived, of the total 9 pregnancies, 5 ended in term pregnancy; 14 @entity1 with diffuse @entity1870 wanted to have a baby, 3 @entity1 had 3 pregnancies. One of which ended in term pregnancy. The rate of pregnancy and term delivery in @entity2257 @entity1 were significantly higher than that of @entity1870 @entity1 (P = 0.03, P = 0.002). Among 26 @entity1 , 3 relapsed. The average relapse time was 49.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The conservative surgery for @entity2257 can reduce symptom and raise pregnancy rate significantly, it can be accepted by young @entity1 who want to preserve their reproductive capacity. Though the pregnancy rate of conservative surgery for diffused @entity1870 was low, it still has therapeutic value.

title: [Clinical observation of conservative surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2257 :: ('MESH:D018194', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['part lesion']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['habitual abortion']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['hypermenorrhea']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['adenomyosis']


abstract: The ability of @entity5 cells to metastasize hematogenously is regulated by their interactions with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). However, the mechanisms mediating PMN binding to @entity5 cells under physiological shear forces remain largely unknown. This study was designed to characterize the molecular interactions between PMNs and @entity5 cells as a function of the dynamic shear environment, using two @entity1 @entity694 cell lines (LS174T and HCT-8) as models. PMN and @entity694 cell suspensions, labeled with distinct fluorophores, were sheared in a cone-and-plate rheometer in the presence of the PMN activator @entity5038 . The size distribution and cellular composition of formed aggregates were determined by flow cytometry. PMN binding to LS174T cells was maximal at 100 s(-1) and decreased with increasing shear. At low shear (100 s(-1)) PMN @entity9536 alone mediates PMN-LS174T heteroaggregation. However, @entity1196 , @entity1453 , and @entity9536 are all required for PMN binding to sialyl Lewis(x)-bearing LS174T cells at high shear (800 s(-1)). In contrast, sialyl Lewis(x)-low HCT-8 cells fail to aggregate with PMNs at high shear conditions, despite extensive adhesive interactions at low shear. Taken together, our data suggest that PMN @entity1196 initiates LS174T cell tethering at high shear by binding to sialylated moieties on the @entity189 cell surface, whereas the subsequent involvement of @entity1453 and @entity9536 converts these transient tethers into stable adhesion. This study demonstrates that the shear environment of the vasculature modulates the dynamics and molecular constituents mediating PMN- @entity5 cell adhesion.

title: Hydrodynamic shear regulates the kinetics and receptor specificity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte- XXXX cell adhesive interactions.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: The localization and functions of @entity4176 receptors (KARs) in the CNS are still poorly known. In the striatum, @entity2373 /7 and @entity19942 immunoreactivity is expressed presynaptically in a subpopulation of glutamatergic terminals and postsynaptically in dendrites and spines. The goal of this study was to further characterize the subcellular and subsynaptic localization of @entity4176 receptor subunits in the monkey striatum. Immunoperoxidase data reveal that the relative abundance of @entity2373 /7- and @entity19942 -immunoreactive terminals is homogeneous throughout the striatum irrespective of the differential degree of @entity14799 in @entity2033 . Pre-embedding and post-embedding immunogold data indicate that >70% of the presynaptic or postsynaptic @entity2373 /7 and @entity19942 labeling is expressed intracellularly. In material stained with the post-embedding immunogold method, approximately one-third of plasma membrane-bound gold particles labeling in axon terminals and spines is associated with asymmetric synapses, thereby representing synaptic @entity4176 receptor subunits. On the other hand, >60% of the plasma-membrane bound labeling is extrasynaptic. Both @entity2373 /7 and @entity19942 labeling in glutamatergic terminals often occurs in clusters of gold particles along the membrane of large vesicular organelles located at various distances from the presynaptic grid. Anterograde labeling from the primary motor cortex or the centromedian thalamic nucleus indicate that both corticostriatal and thalamostriatal terminals express presynaptic @entity2373 /7 and @entity19942 immunoreactivity in the postcommissural putamen. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that @entity4176 receptors in the striatum display a pattern of subcellular distribution different from other ionotropic @entity2227 receptor subtypes, but consistent with their metabotropic-like functions recently shown in the hippocampus.

title: Subcellular and subsynaptic localization of presynaptic and postsynaptic XXXX receptor subunits in the monkey striatum.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity14799 :: ('MESH:C537500', 'Disease') :: ['striatal degeneration']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: House dust mite (HDM) allergen might induce and maintain @entity483 ( @entity483 ). Reduction of allergen load by applying encasings might improve the clinical symptoms of @entity483 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, whether reducing HDM allergen levels by using mattress, duvet, and pillow encasings for 12 months will result in improvement in @entity483 symptoms. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity483 (8-50 years old and @entity56 ), having a Leicester sign score (a @entity1909 score) of at least 1% extent and a severity score of 6 points or greater, were randomly allocated to an active (n = 45) or a placebo allergen-avoidance group (n = 41). Avoidance measures consisted of applying HDM-impermeable encasings for mattresses, pillows, and duvets for the active treatment group and @entity2708 encasings for the placebo group. Effect on allergen concentrations (Der @entity3881 and Der @entity3881 plus Der f 1), Leicester sign score extent and severity, visual analogue scale scores for itching and @entity22 , intradermal test results, atopy patch test results, total serum IgE levels, anti-Der @entity3881 -specific IgE levels, and total blood eosinophil counts were studied. RESULTS: The active encasings reduced the Der @entity3881 allergen concentration in the mattress after 12 months with a factor 2.1 (P =.007) and the Der @entity3881 plus Der f 1 allergen concentration with a factor of 2.5 (P =.005); no significant change in allergen concentrations in mattresses was seen in the placebo group. Although the decrease in allergen load was significant, no differences in treatment-induced changes were seen between the placebo and active groups. CONCLUSIONS: Use of HDM-impermeable encasings resulted in a significant decrease in Der @entity3881 and Der @entity3881 plus Der f 1 allergen concentrations. However, this reduction in allergen load did not result in significant changes in clinical parameters between the groups. Reduction of allergens in other environments (work, school, and outdoors) might be equally important in improving symptoms of @entity483 .

title: Effect of mattress encasings on XXXX outcome measures in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study: the Dutch mite avoidance study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic to HDM']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared hypoautofluorescent (hypoAF) areas detected with near-infrared (NIR-AF) and short-wavelength autofluorescence (SW-AF) in @entity1 with @entity74 ( @entity24816 ) to retinal structure using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: The SD-OCT volume scans, and SW-AF and NIR-AF images were obtained from 15 eyes of 15 @entity1 with @entity24816 and registered to each other. Thickness maps of the total retina, receptor-plus layer (R+, from distal border of the RPE to outer plexiform/inner nuclear layer boundary), and outer segment-plus layer (OS+, from distal border of the RPE to ellipsoid zone [EZ] band) were created from SD-OCT scans. These were compared qualitatively and quantitatively to the hypoAF areas in SW-AF and NIR-AF images. RESULTS: All eyes showed a hypoAF area in the central macula and loss of the EZ band in SD-OCT scans. The hypoAF area was larger in NIR than SW-AF images and it exceeded the area of EZ band loss for 12 eyes. The thickness maps showed progressive thinning towards the central macula, with the OS+ layer showing the most extensive and severe thinning. The central hypoAF areas on NIR corresponded to the OS+ thinned areas, while the hypoAF areas on SW-AF corresponded to the R+ thinned areas. CONCLUSIONS: Since the larger hypoAF area on NIR-AF exceeded the region of EZ band loss, and corresponded to the OS+ thinned area, RPE cell loss occurred before photoreceptor cell loss. The NIR-AF imaging may be an effective tool for following progression and predicting loss of photoreceptors in @entity24816 .

title: Near-infrared autofluorescence: its relationship to short-wavelength autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive Stargardt disease']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['recessive stargardt disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between @entity1593 and @entity6 has long been known. Only a single study in the United States, from Buffalo, New York, has reported the prevalence of @entity1593 in a pediatric @entity6 population. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of @entity1593 in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 in Wisconsin, USA, using serum antiendomysial antibody as a screening test. METHODS: Two hundred eighteen @entity1 with @entity6 (113 males; age range, 4-21 years) and 117 age-and gender-matched control @entity1 were tested for immunoglobulin A endomysial antibody. Patients with positive results were offered a small bowel biopsy. A questionnaire regarding @entity490 , @entity294 , and @entity851 was completed by the parents. RESULTS: Seventeen of 218 @entity6 @entity1 (7.7%) had positive endomysial antibody. All control @entity1 had negative results for the endomysial antibody. Small bowel biopsy was performed in 14 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 had @entity194 . In one @entity1 without @entity194 , a repeat biopsy 2 years later showed @entity194 , and two @entity1 had increased intraepithelial lymphocytes without @entity194 . Seventy percent of the @entity1 with @entity1593 were asymptomatic. The reported symptoms were @entity490 and @entity294 (n = 1) and @entity851 (n = 2). Two @entity1 with @entity1593 had @entity1467 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1593 in @entity1 with @entity6 in Wisconsin is at least 4.6%, which is comparable with European and Canadian studies. Because @entity1 without @entity194 may have @entity1593 , the prevalence may be even higher. All @entity1 with @entity6 should be screened for @entity1593 .

title: The prevalence and clinical characteristics of XXXX in @entity6 in Wisconsin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'latent celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between @entity1593 and @entity6 has long been known. Only a single study in the United States, from Buffalo, New York, has reported the prevalence of @entity1593 in a pediatric @entity6 population. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of @entity1593 in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 in Wisconsin, USA, using serum antiendomysial antibody as a screening test. METHODS: Two hundred eighteen @entity1 with @entity6 (113 males; age range, 4-21 years) and 117 age-and gender-matched control @entity1 were tested for immunoglobulin A endomysial antibody. Patients with positive results were offered a small bowel biopsy. A questionnaire regarding @entity490 , @entity294 , and @entity851 was completed by the parents. RESULTS: Seventeen of 218 @entity6 @entity1 (7.7%) had positive endomysial antibody. All control @entity1 had negative results for the endomysial antibody. Small bowel biopsy was performed in 14 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 had @entity194 . In one @entity1 without @entity194 , a repeat biopsy 2 years later showed @entity194 , and two @entity1 had increased intraepithelial lymphocytes without @entity194 . Seventy percent of the @entity1 with @entity1593 were asymptomatic. The reported symptoms were @entity490 and @entity294 (n = 1) and @entity851 (n = 2). Two @entity1 with @entity1593 had @entity1467 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1593 in @entity1 with @entity6 in Wisconsin is at least 4.6%, which is comparable with European and Canadian studies. Because @entity1 without @entity194 may have @entity1593 , the prevalence may be even higher. All @entity1 with @entity6 should be screened for @entity1593 .

title: The prevalence and clinical characteristics of @entity1593 in XXXX in Wisconsin.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['juvenile diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of life-threatening hyperkalaemia following treatment with therapeutic @entity4490 @entity772 . SETTING: The neurosurgical intensive care units of Royal North Shore Hospital and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia. @entity1 : Three @entity1 treated with theraputic @entity4490 @entity772 . One @entity1 with raised intracranial pressure secondary to a severe @entity131 and two @entity1 with refractory @entity2553 secondary to @entity510 . Two of the three @entity1 developed hypokalaemia on starting @entity4490 , which was resistant to @entity972 supplementation. All three @entity1 developed severe hyperkalaemia during the recovery phase of @entity772 . This was life-threatening in all three @entity1 and fatal in one. CONCLUSIONS: Severe hypokalaemia refractory to @entity972 therapy may occur during therapeutic @entity4490 @entity772 . Severe rebound hyperkalaemia may occur after cessation of @entity4490 infusion. Protocols for the management of @entity1 with therapeutic barbiturate @entity772 should recognise this potentially serious complication.

title: Life-threatening hyperkalaemia following therapeutic barbiturate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the @entity195 severity on graft size requirements and outcome in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. A limiting factor in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation has been adequacy of graft size. A minimal graft-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) of 0.8% to 1% has been suggested, without taking the @entity195 into account. Forty adults underwent liver transplantation using left (n = 10; mean weight, 481 +/- 83 g) or right lobes (n = 30; mean weight, 845 +/- 182 g). We recorded graft survival, @entity1 -Turcotte-Pugh score, and occurrence of small-for-size syndrome (poor bile production, prolonged postoperative prothrombin time, and @entity1448 without @entity63 markers). Small grafts were defined as GRWR of < or =0.85%. Large grafts were defined as GRWR greater than 0.85%. Six @entity1 died within 6 months of transplantation (early @entity1 survival rate, 85%); two @entity1 died late of @entity5 recurrence. Among transplant recipients with normal liver function or @entity1 's class A, there was no significant difference with the use of small (n = 6) or large (n = 9) grafts (graft survival rates, 83% v 88%, respectively; P =.65). Among @entity1 with @entity1 's class B or C, graft survival rates were 74% in recipients of large grafts (n = 19) and 33% in recipients of small grafts (n = 6; P =.023). Five of 6 @entity1 with @entity1 's class B or C who received small grafts developed small-for-size syndrome; 2 @entity1 died (1 @entity1 after retransplantation) and 3 @entity1 survived (2 @entity1 after retransplantation). Graft function and survival are influenced not only by graft size, but also by pretransplantation disease severity. GRWR as low as 0.6% can be used safely in @entity1 without @entity82 or in @entity1 with @entity1 's class A. Transplant recipients with @entity1 's class B or C require a GRWR greater than 0.85% to avoid small-for-size syndrome and related complications.

title: Critical graft size in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation: impact of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["recipient's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['recipient's disease']


abstract: In vivo protein synthesis decreases in mononuclear cells following a combined stress hormone infusion given to healthy volunteers as a @entity1 @entity130 model. Here, the purpose was to further investigate this finding and to measure in vivo protein synthesis in isolated T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the effects of stress hormones on the lymphocyte subpopulations and mononuclear cells, characterized by flow cytometry and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced and unstimulated proliferative responses in vitro, were elucidated. Healthy volunteers (n = 16) were randomized into 2 groups to receive either a stress hormone or a saline infusion for 6 hours. In vivo protein synthesis was studied before and after the treatment by measuring the incorporation of stable isotopically-labeled @entity815 into lymphocyte and mononuclear cell proteins. Protein synthesis decreased after stress hormone infusion in both cell populations: in T lymphocytes from 13.0% +/- 0.7%/d (mean +/- SD) to 8.6% +/- 2.1%/d (P <.01) and in mononuclear cells from 13.3% +/- 1.2%/d to 6.3 +/- 2.0%/d (P <.001). No change in proliferative responsiveness in vitro was observed. The stress hormone infusion produced a decrease in the percentage of T helper CD3/ @entity404 from 41% to 18% (P <.001), T cytotoxic CD3/ @entity405 from 27% to 15% (P <.001), as well as total T CD3 cells from 69% to 35% (P <.001). There was an increase in the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells @entity4071 / @entity2940 from 17% to 55% (P <.001). Determination of phenotypes expressed on activated T lymphocytes showed that CD3/HLA-DR was unchanged and CD3/ @entity2902 decreased from 14% to 7% (P <.01) in the stress hormone group. The study showed that the decrease of in vivo protein synthesis was 34% in T lymphocytes as compared with 53% in mononuclear cells, when determined immediately after a 6-hour stress hormone infusion. This change was associated with a pronounced decrease in all lymphocyte subpopulations, except for the NK cells, which increased substantially.

title: A combined stress hormone infusion decreases in vivo protein synthesis in XXXX T lymphocytes in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']