abstract: Spontaneous prematurity is more frequent in multiple than singleton pregnancies. It is estimated that 72% of the @entity2099 delivered before 33 weeks are spontaneous births, compared with 58% among singletons ( @entity11917 ). As in singleton pregnancies, uterine contractions, close together, often precede @entity3152 by several days ( @entity11916 ). The benefits of home tocodynamometry for @entity1 who have already been hospitalized for @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) ( @entity7134 ) is difficult to assess from the data currently available, but it has not been shown to provide any benefits in a population of asymptomatic twin pregnancies ( @entity11915 ). Cervical ultrasound appears to have good predictive value for @entity3152 when performed for @entity3152 ( @entity11917 ), although again few data are available. The efficacy of tocolysis appears similar to that for singleton pregnancies ( @entity11917 ). Although the lack of data prevents us from judging the efficacy of tocolytics such as @entity460 channel blockers or @entity398 antagonists, it seems logical to use them as first-line drugs, especially because of the increased risk of @entity3126 in @entity2099 with Bmimetics ( @entity11917 ). Antenatal corticosteroid therapy appears to be less beneficial in multiple than singleton pregnancies ( @entity11917 ). Pharmacological studies suggest that the dose currently used may be insufficient for @entity2099 ( @entity11917 ). While awaiting results from clinical studies comparing the efficacy of higher doses, we must for now recommend antenatal corticosteroid therapy only at the usual doses. While the rate of in utero transfers to level III facilities is nearly 85% in the case of severe @entity3152 ( @entity7134 ), this practice must be encouraged still more in view of the benefits of inborn status compared with postnatal transfer. Finally, delayed-interval delivery is a relatively rare obstetrical practice that should be considered on a case-by-case basis when the first fetus is born before 26 weeks. This approach requires tocolysis and antibiotic therapy. The usefulness of cerclage in this situation has yet to be demonstrated. A delayed-interval delivery can prolong the pregnancy by an average of 15 to 30 days ( @entity7134 ).

title: [Special management for @entity3152 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['TPD', 'preterm delivery', 'threatened preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['multiple pregnancies']


abstract: Spontaneous prematurity is more frequent in multiple than singleton pregnancies. It is estimated that 72% of the @entity2099 delivered before 33 weeks are spontaneous births, compared with 58% among singletons ( @entity11917 ). As in singleton pregnancies, uterine contractions, close together, often precede @entity3152 by several days ( @entity11916 ). The benefits of home tocodynamometry for @entity1 who have already been hospitalized for @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) ( @entity7134 ) is difficult to assess from the data currently available, but it has not been shown to provide any benefits in a population of asymptomatic twin pregnancies ( @entity11915 ). Cervical ultrasound appears to have good predictive value for @entity3152 when performed for @entity3152 ( @entity11917 ), although again few data are available. The efficacy of tocolysis appears similar to that for singleton pregnancies ( @entity11917 ). Although the lack of data prevents us from judging the efficacy of tocolytics such as @entity460 channel blockers or @entity398 antagonists, it seems logical to use them as first-line drugs, especially because of the increased risk of @entity3126 in @entity2099 with Bmimetics ( @entity11917 ). Antenatal corticosteroid therapy appears to be less beneficial in multiple than singleton pregnancies ( @entity11917 ). Pharmacological studies suggest that the dose currently used may be insufficient for @entity2099 ( @entity11917 ). While awaiting results from clinical studies comparing the efficacy of higher doses, we must for now recommend antenatal corticosteroid therapy only at the usual doses. While the rate of in utero transfers to level III facilities is nearly 85% in the case of severe @entity3152 ( @entity7134 ), this practice must be encouraged still more in view of the benefits of inborn status compared with postnatal transfer. Finally, delayed-interval delivery is a relatively rare obstetrical practice that should be considered on a case-by-case basis when the first fetus is born before 26 weeks. This approach requires tocolysis and antibiotic therapy. The usefulness of cerclage in this situation has yet to be demonstrated. A delayed-interval delivery can prolong the pregnancy by an average of 15 to 30 days ( @entity7134 ).

title: [Special management for XXXX in @entity2099 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['threatened preterm delivery']


abstract: The aetiology of most childhood solid @entity5 (other than central nervous system [CNS] @entity5 ) is unclear. To investigate whether certain environmental exposures may be involved, we have analysed for space-time clustering using population-based data from North West England for the period 1954-98. Knox tests for space-time interactions between cases were applied with fixed thresholds of close in space, <5 km, and close in time, <1 year apart. Addresses at birth and at diagnosis were used. Tests were repeated replacing geographical distance with distance to the Nth nearest neighbour. N was chosen such that the mean distance was 5 km. Data were also examined by a second order procedure based on K-functions. There was significant evidence of space-time clustering for @entity3969 (p = 0.03 and 0.04, using the geographical distance and nearest neighbour versions of the Knox test; and p = 0.07 and 0.03, using the geographical distance and nearest neighbour versions of the K-function method), and soft tissue @entity242 (p = 0.01, using both the geographical distance and nearest neighbour versions of the Knox test; and p = 0.001 and 0.002, using the geographical distance and nearest neighbour versions of the K-function method) based on time and location at birth, but not time and location at diagnosis. There was little or no evidence of space-time clustering amongst other diagnostic groups. These are the first results to demonstrate space-time clustering for childhood @entity3969 and soft tissue @entity242 . The results are consistent with environmental exposure hypotheses, relating to locations pre-natally or peri-natally.

title: Space-time clustering patterns in childhood solid XXXX other than central nervous system tumours.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumours"]

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a negative Allen test, some @entity1 develop hand @entity63 after radial artery harvesting. The presence of large interosseous collaterals may reduce the sensitivity of Allen test. To evaluate the combination of ulnar flow measurements and the Allen test as an effective screening technique, we performed Doppler ultrasonography during Allen's maneuver. METHODS: The Allen test was used to select candidates for harvesting radial artery from 80 @entity1 undergoing coronary bypass surgery. RESULTS: Of 71 @entity1 with a negative Allen test, one @entity1 developed hand @entity63 . This @entity1 was one of six (7.5 %) possessing low ulnar flow levels (less than 40 ml/min/m(2) during compression of the radial artery). This low-flow group had a higher risk for @entity63 of the 71 @entity1 with a negative Allen test. The post-operative flow differed greatly from the pre-operative flow in eight @entity1 (11.3 %), which was likely due to large sacrificed interosseous collaterals. CONCLUSION: Combined use of ulnar flow measurement with the Allen test appears to increase the sensitivity of the Allen test. Neither test, however, is sufficient for a group of @entity1 with large interosseous collaterals.

title: Measurement of ulnar flow is helpful in predicting XXXX after radial artery harvest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity438 ( @entity438 ) represent 2 to 9% of @entity438 and their management remains difficult. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to report our experience to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with @entity397 and unruptured @entity438 , when the treatment modality is decided in a multidisciplinary fashion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included 28  @entity1 (8  @entity1 and 20  @entity1 ) treated for a @entity438 in our institution between 2002 and 2012, among the 2430  @entity1 who underwent the treatment of an @entity438 in the same period. Fifteen @entity1 harbored a @entity1756 while 13 benefited from a prophylactic treatment. The mean age at diagnosis was 52  years (range 37 to 75  SD:   5) in @entity1 with @entity1756 and 54.2  years (range 35 to 66  SD:   5) in @entity1 with unruptured @entity439 . Endovascular treatment has been performed in 9  @entity1 while 19  @entity1 underwent a microsurgical treatment. Clinical outcome has been assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3  months. Long-term imaging follow-up included a CT angiography at 36  months for clipped @entity439 and @entity90 angiography at 6, 18 and 36  months for coiled @entity439 . RESULTS: The median follow-up was 3.4  years (range 2.8 to 4.2). The mRS was <=2 in all @entity1 with @entity439 . In @entity1 with @entity1756 , the mRS was  <=2 at 3  months in 13  @entity1 (87%). Persistent @entity73 were noted in 8  @entity1 with @entity1756 , 2 of them were considered as possibly related to the treatment. @entity439 has been depicted in 4  @entity1 (at 6  months in 3  @entity1 and 1  year in 1  @entity1 ) requiring further treatment in all cases; all of them had an @entity439 remnant on immediate conventional angiography. No recurrence was noted in @entity1 without remnant on immediate post-treatment angiography. CONCLUSION: Both endovascular and microsurgical treatment are challenged in this location. Multidisciplinary discussion is essential to optimize the management of @entity1 with @entity438 .

title: XXXX : A difficult challenge for microsurgery and endovascular treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'Pericallosal artery aneurysms', 'PAA']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm recurrence', 'aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Pericallosal aneurysm']


abstract: Nonsurgical therapeutic options for @entity4623 are divided into @entity342 action-related, with @entity342 action inhibition (AAI), or @entity342 action-unrelated strategies, such as radiotherapy (RT). AAI, achieved by numerous medications with antiandrogen activity, is used for @entity1067 and @entity189 . Treatment mostly affects secretory epithelial cells, with consequent reduction in prostate volume and diminished amount of @entity5 . Histologically, AAI changes the morphologic appearance of benign prostatic glands, @entity5436 , and @entity5 , as well as @entity1069 . The effects of most AAI drugs are similar, although variable in intensity. Expression of some diagnostic immunohistochemical markers can decline after longtime treatment, requiring careful interpretation of staining results. Patterns of @entity3145 after RT for @entity263 differ from those after AAI. While irradiation has a profound effect on benign prostatic glands, it does not affect immunohistochemistry, which retains its diagnostic value. In order to make a reliable diagnosis in needle biopsies of treated @entity263 , uropathologists should have all the relevant information on treatment modalities and their duration. As treatment affects the morphology of @entity263 , Gleason grading is unreliable and therefore not recommended. An overview of treatment effects caused by AAI and RT is herein presented, with discussion on their importance in everyday practice.

title: Morphology of treatment-related changes in the prostate and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic stroma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of high-dose intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral @entity134 therapy for Graves' @entity6875 . METHODS: We selected 41 Japanese @entity1 (age range, 21-76 years; mean = 49 years) who had active Graves' @entity6875 among 205 consecutive @entity1 examined at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between 1997 and 1999. In a prospective study, we investigated the effect on the 41 @entity1 of high-dose intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy (1 g/day x 3 days x 3 times) followed by 3-month oral @entity229 therapy. Coronal computed tomography (CT) of the orbit, exophthalmometry and monocular fixation field measured by Goldmann perimetry were carried out before the @entity134 pulse therapy, and 1 and 6 months after the @entity134 pulse therapy. The maximum coronal section area of the rectus muscle in each eye was measured using an orbital CT image. RESULTS: Extraocular muscle @entity1184 was significantly reduced 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy (paired t-test, P <.01), and was not significantly different between 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy. Proptosis was not significantly reduced by the pulse therapy. Monocular fixation fields were measured in 34 @entity1 with @entity892 , and limitation of eye movements was improved in 15 @entity1 (44%) by the pulse therapy. In the other @entity1 , improvement of the limitation was not detectable by the test of the monocular fixation field. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment in this study is effective for extraocular muscle @entity1184 , and relapse was minimum within 6 months. However, this treatment has limited effect on limitation of eye movements and less effect on proptosis.

title: Effect of high-dose intravenous XXXX pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral @entity134 therapy for Graves' @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of high-dose intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral @entity134 therapy for Graves' @entity6875 . METHODS: We selected 41 Japanese @entity1 (age range, 21-76 years; mean = 49 years) who had active Graves' @entity6875 among 205 consecutive @entity1 examined at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between 1997 and 1999. In a prospective study, we investigated the effect on the 41 @entity1 of high-dose intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy (1 g/day x 3 days x 3 times) followed by 3-month oral @entity229 therapy. Coronal computed tomography (CT) of the orbit, exophthalmometry and monocular fixation field measured by Goldmann perimetry were carried out before the @entity134 pulse therapy, and 1 and 6 months after the @entity134 pulse therapy. The maximum coronal section area of the rectus muscle in each eye was measured using an orbital CT image. RESULTS: Extraocular muscle @entity1184 was significantly reduced 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy (paired t-test, P <.01), and was not significantly different between 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy. Proptosis was not significantly reduced by the pulse therapy. Monocular fixation fields were measured in 34 @entity1 with @entity892 , and limitation of eye movements was improved in 15 @entity1 (44%) by the pulse therapy. In the other @entity1 , improvement of the limitation was not detectable by the test of the monocular fixation field. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment in this study is effective for extraocular muscle @entity1184 , and relapse was minimum within 6 months. However, this treatment has limited effect on limitation of eye movements and less effect on proptosis.

title: Effect of high-dose intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral XXXX therapy for Graves' @entity6875 .

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of high-dose intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral @entity134 therapy for Graves' @entity6875 . METHODS: We selected 41 Japanese @entity1 (age range, 21-76 years; mean = 49 years) who had active Graves' @entity6875 among 205 consecutive @entity1 examined at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between 1997 and 1999. In a prospective study, we investigated the effect on the 41 @entity1 of high-dose intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy (1 g/day x 3 days x 3 times) followed by 3-month oral @entity229 therapy. Coronal computed tomography (CT) of the orbit, exophthalmometry and monocular fixation field measured by Goldmann perimetry were carried out before the @entity134 pulse therapy, and 1 and 6 months after the @entity134 pulse therapy. The maximum coronal section area of the rectus muscle in each eye was measured using an orbital CT image. RESULTS: Extraocular muscle @entity1184 was significantly reduced 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy (paired t-test, P <.01), and was not significantly different between 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy. Proptosis was not significantly reduced by the pulse therapy. Monocular fixation fields were measured in 34 @entity1 with @entity892 , and limitation of eye movements was improved in 15 @entity1 (44%) by the pulse therapy. In the other @entity1 , improvement of the limitation was not detectable by the test of the monocular fixation field. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment in this study is effective for extraocular muscle @entity1184 , and relapse was minimum within 6 months. However, this treatment has limited effect on limitation of eye movements and less effect on proptosis.

title: Effect of high-dose intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral @entity134 therapy for Graves' XXXX .

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['ophthalmopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Few estimates of the survival rates ofwas @entity995 have been reported from the Asia region. In this study, we aim to describe the survival and clinical characteristics of 96 @entity995 cases treated at Chang Gung Medical Center, Taipei, between 1978 and 2000. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 96 @entity1 (116 eyes) diagnosed with @entity995 and treated between 1978 and 2000. Information on sex, laterality, age at diagnosis, presenting signs, @entity5 , treatment modality, survival rate, and family history were collected. RESULTS: Seventy-six (79.2%) cases were unilateral and 20 (20.8%) were bilateral. The mean age overall at the time of diagnosis was 24.7 months; in unilateral cases, 27.1 months; and in bilateral cases, 15.6 months. The most common presenting signs were leukocoria (75 cases, 78.1.0%), @entity26681 (34 cases, 35.4%), proptosis (16 cases, 16.7%), and strabismus (12 cases, 12.5%). Forty-two eyes had orbital extension, 27 @entity1 had central nervous system invasion, 16 cases exhibited bone marrow involvement, and 3 cases had liver @entity3 . Three (3.1%) @entity1 had a family history of @entity995 . None of the cases developed a secondary @entity5 . The 3-year cumulative survival rate of the 96 @entity1 was 64.41% (unilateral, 71.97%; bilateral 40.01%). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality was much higher than that in reports on Western and Japanese @entity1 . Delayed diagnosis with frequent extraocular spread at the time of diagnosis caused the low survival rate. Fewer familial cases were encountered in our study than in other studies.

title: XXXX in Taiwan: survival and clinical characteristics 1978-2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spread of tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity26681 :: ('MESH:D006871', 'Disease') :: ['buphthalmos']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2417 ( @entity2417 ) is common in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and is associated with poor quality of life and prognosis. Early acute studies using transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) to treat @entity2417 in @entity712 have shown a significantly reduction of @entity2417 and improvement of key polysomnographic parameters. In this study, we evaluated the safety of and efficiency chronic transvenous PNS with an implanted neurostimulator in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . METHODS: This study was a prospective, nonrandomized evaluation of unilateral transvenous PNS in eight @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . The stimulation lead, which connected to a proprietary neurostimulator, was positioned in either the left pericardiophrenic or right brachiocephalic vein. Monitoring during implantation and 6-monthly follow-ups were performed. RESULTS: Six of the implanted eight @entity1 completed the study (one was lost to follow-up; one died from @entity55 ). Neither side effects nor adverse events related to stimulation occurred. During the 6-monthly follow-ups, one @entity1 had a lead dislodgement in the first month and the lead was subsequently repositioned. No additional lead dislodgements occurred. There were no significant changes in sleep habits, appetite, @entity548 or @entity281 . Compared with the parameters before stimulator implantation, there were significant improvement in @entity27 index, central apnea index, left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-min walk distance (all P   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Use of chronic transvenous PNS appears to be safe and feasible in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . Large multicenter studies are needed to confirm safety and efficacy in this population.

title: Safety and feasibility of chronic transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation for treatment of central sleep apnea in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['Central sleep apnea', 'CSA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2417 ( @entity2417 ) is common in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and is associated with poor quality of life and prognosis. Early acute studies using transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) to treat @entity2417 in @entity712 have shown a significantly reduction of @entity2417 and improvement of key polysomnographic parameters. In this study, we evaluated the safety of and efficiency chronic transvenous PNS with an implanted neurostimulator in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . METHODS: This study was a prospective, nonrandomized evaluation of unilateral transvenous PNS in eight @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . The stimulation lead, which connected to a proprietary neurostimulator, was positioned in either the left pericardiophrenic or right brachiocephalic vein. Monitoring during implantation and 6-monthly follow-ups were performed. RESULTS: Six of the implanted eight @entity1 completed the study (one was lost to follow-up; one died from @entity55 ). Neither side effects nor adverse events related to stimulation occurred. During the 6-monthly follow-ups, one @entity1 had a lead dislodgement in the first month and the lead was subsequently repositioned. No additional lead dislodgements occurred. There were no significant changes in sleep habits, appetite, @entity548 or @entity281 . Compared with the parameters before stimulator implantation, there were significant improvement in @entity27 index, central apnea index, left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-min walk distance (all P   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Use of chronic transvenous PNS appears to be safe and feasible in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . Large multicenter studies are needed to confirm safety and efficacy in this population.

title: Safety and feasibility of chronic transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation for treatment of central sleep apnea in @entity712 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been suggested that host genetic factors play a role in @entity1082 )-associated tumorigenesis, although the issue continues to be a focus of much debate. Previous studies have reported that a common polymorphism of the wild type @entity876 gene at codon 72 of exon 4 ( @entity534 / @entity534 ) is associated with a sevenfold increased risk of HPV-associated @entity5 compared to @entity534 /Pro and Pro/Pro polymorphisms. In vitro studies also suggested that the @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism was much more susceptible to @entity1799 E6-mediated degradation as compared to other allelic forms. Subsequent studies published since this initial report indicated geographical differences with respect to the role of @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism in increasing the risk of @entity5 . METHODS: In this study we analyzed leukocyte DNA from a total of 421 subjects for the @entity534 / @entity534 , @entity534 /Pro or Pro/Pro @entity876 polymorphisms at various stages of the cervical @entity5 progression spectrum, using allele-specific PCR. All subjects were from the Thiruvananthapuram District of South India. HPV genotyping was done for all subjects using either DNA extracted from cervical biopsies or exfoliated cervical cells. All subjects were grouped on the basis of both of cyto-pathology and HPV status. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity876 genotypes was not significantly different in all study groups (HPV positive vs HPV negative and cases vs controls comparisons). Homozygosity for @entity534 / @entity534 was not associated with increased risk for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: We find no evidence for any association between homozygosity for @entity876 @entity369 with either @entity3799 , @entity2622 or @entity1083 in the population from South India.

title: Polymorphism at codon 72 of XXXX , @entity1082 , and @entity5 in South India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'HPV-associated cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been suggested that host genetic factors play a role in @entity1082 )-associated tumorigenesis, although the issue continues to be a focus of much debate. Previous studies have reported that a common polymorphism of the wild type @entity876 gene at codon 72 of exon 4 ( @entity534 / @entity534 ) is associated with a sevenfold increased risk of HPV-associated @entity5 compared to @entity534 /Pro and Pro/Pro polymorphisms. In vitro studies also suggested that the @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism was much more susceptible to @entity1799 E6-mediated degradation as compared to other allelic forms. Subsequent studies published since this initial report indicated geographical differences with respect to the role of @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism in increasing the risk of @entity5 . METHODS: In this study we analyzed leukocyte DNA from a total of 421 subjects for the @entity534 / @entity534 , @entity534 /Pro or Pro/Pro @entity876 polymorphisms at various stages of the cervical @entity5 progression spectrum, using allele-specific PCR. All subjects were from the Thiruvananthapuram District of South India. HPV genotyping was done for all subjects using either DNA extracted from cervical biopsies or exfoliated cervical cells. All subjects were grouped on the basis of both of cyto-pathology and HPV status. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity876 genotypes was not significantly different in all study groups (HPV positive vs HPV negative and cases vs controls comparisons). Homozygosity for @entity534 / @entity534 was not associated with increased risk for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: We find no evidence for any association between homozygosity for @entity876 @entity369 with either @entity3799 , @entity2622 or @entity1083 in the population from South India.

title: Polymorphism at codon 72 of @entity876 , XXXX , and @entity5 in South India.

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been suggested that host genetic factors play a role in @entity1082 )-associated tumorigenesis, although the issue continues to be a focus of much debate. Previous studies have reported that a common polymorphism of the wild type @entity876 gene at codon 72 of exon 4 ( @entity534 / @entity534 ) is associated with a sevenfold increased risk of HPV-associated @entity5 compared to @entity534 /Pro and Pro/Pro polymorphisms. In vitro studies also suggested that the @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism was much more susceptible to @entity1799 E6-mediated degradation as compared to other allelic forms. Subsequent studies published since this initial report indicated geographical differences with respect to the role of @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism in increasing the risk of @entity5 . METHODS: In this study we analyzed leukocyte DNA from a total of 421 subjects for the @entity534 / @entity534 , @entity534 /Pro or Pro/Pro @entity876 polymorphisms at various stages of the cervical @entity5 progression spectrum, using allele-specific PCR. All subjects were from the Thiruvananthapuram District of South India. HPV genotyping was done for all subjects using either DNA extracted from cervical biopsies or exfoliated cervical cells. All subjects were grouped on the basis of both of cyto-pathology and HPV status. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity876 genotypes was not significantly different in all study groups (HPV positive vs HPV negative and cases vs controls comparisons). Homozygosity for @entity534 / @entity534 was not associated with increased risk for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: We find no evidence for any association between homozygosity for @entity876 @entity369 with either @entity3799 , @entity2622 or @entity1083 in the population from South India.

title: Polymorphism at codon 72 of @entity876 , @entity1082 , and XXXX in South India.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the etiology and prognosis of @entity227 in @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) at presentation and to provide objective measures to predict visual outcome. METHODS: A retrospective review of 660 @entity1 with @entity5576 (2009-2013) identified 31 @entity1 (4.7%) with 48 eyes having best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/25 or worse on initial presentation. Fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic disc and macula, and perimetry were used to determine the causes and prognosis of @entity1018 . Segmentation of the macula OCT was performed using the Iowa Reference Algorithm to determine the @entity989 . RESULTS: Outer retinal changes alone caused decreased BCVA at initial presentation in 22 eyes (46%): subretinal fluid in 16, chorioretinal folds in 5, and @entity1940 in 1. The @entity1018 was reversible except for some eyes with chorioretinal folds. @entity1781 alone caused decreased BCVA in 10 eyes (21%) and coexisting outer retinal changes and @entity1781 caused decreased BCVA in 16 eyes (33%). A GCL-IPL thickness less than or equal to 70  m at initial presentation or progressive thinning of greater than or equal to 10  m within 2 to 3 weeks compared with baseline correlated with poor visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity loss in @entity5576 can be caused by both outer retinal changes and @entity1781 . @entity1018 from outer retinal changes is mostly reversible. The outcome of @entity1 with coexisting outer retinal changes and @entity1781 or @entity1781 alone depends on the degree of @entity1781 , which can be predicted by the GCL-IPL thickness.

title: Causes and Prognosis of Visual Acuity Loss at the Time of Initial Presentation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['Vision loss', 'vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity loss']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy', 'Optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (GCL-IPL) thickness']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension']


abstract: The results of a retrospective study of 98 lymph nodes in 89 @entity1 with documented @entity3217 fungoides (M.F.) are reported. According to the histopathological aspect, three groups are determined: group I of 20 lymph nodes with lesions of dermopathic @entity3329 ; group II of 27 lymph nodes, presenting variable-sized clusters of atypical cerebriform lymphocytes located in paracortex without homogenization; group III of 51 lymph nodes with partial or total homogenization; according to the different cytologic types, four histopathologic forms are described in group III: small, large, mixed and immunoblastic cellularly type. The paracortical changes of dermopathic @entity3329 observed in group I cannot be distinguished from those in @entity1 with @entity66 . All histopathological aspects of group III correspond to a specific MF involvement. The most difficulties are caused by lymph nodes from group II; in order to detect an early MF involvement, the histopathologist has to find a partial infiltration of paracortex by atypical large and numerous lymphocytes. Morphometric and immunohistochemical methods previously reported are useful but they are expensive and they cannot be usually carried out. Because of the heterogeneity of the lesions a perfect routine paraffin-embedded with serial sections seems to be the most helpful way for recognition of early MF involvement in lymph nodes. In our series, as in literature, correlations with clinical course show that lymph node involvement classified in group III is pejorative. But it seems that histo-prognostic evaluation based on a suspicion of early involvement has to be carefully established because of the lack of significant difference of clinical behaviour between group I and group II.

title: [Lymph node histopathologic aspects in cutaneous lymphomas of the XXXX fungoides or S  zary syndrome type. Retrospective study of 98 biopsies].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unrelated diseases']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['mycosis']


abstract: African trypanosomes are the causative agents of @entity1 African Trypanosomosis ( @entity25 ) and @entity4409 (AAT/Nagana). A common hallmark of African trypanosome @entity281 is @entity32 . In @entity19 trypanosomosis, the onset of @entity32 occurs rapidly after @entity281 and is manifested by an influx of myeloid cells in both liver and spleen, accompanied by a burst of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines. Within 48 hours after @entity5895 , @entity417 develops and the percentage of red blood cells drops by 50%. Using a newly developed in vivo erythrophagocytosis assay, we recently demonstrated that activated cells of the myeloid phagocytic system display enhanced erythrophagocytosis causing @entity417 . Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism and immune pathway behind this phenomenon in a @entity19 model for trypanosomosis. Results indicate that IFNy plays a crucial role in the recruitment and activation of erythrophagocytic myeloid cells, as @entity19 lacking the IFNy receptor were partially protected against @entity32 and @entity417 . NK and NKT cells were the earliest source of IFNy during T. b. @entity281 . Later in @entity281 , CD8+ and to a lesser extent @entity1961 + T cells become the main IFNy producers. Cell depletion and transfer experiments indicated that during @entity281 the absence of NK, NKT and CD8+ T cells, but not @entity1961 + T cells, resulted in a reduced anemic phenotype similar to trypanosome infected IFNyR-/- @entity19 . Collectively, this study shows that NK, NKT and CD8+ T cell-derived IFNy is a critical mediator in trypanosomosis-associated pathology, driving enhanced erythrophagocytosis by myeloid phagocytic cells and the induction of acute @entity32 -associated @entity417 .

title: NK-, NKT- and CD8-Derived IFNy Drives Myeloid Cell Activation and Erythrophagocytosis, Resulting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'trypanosomosis-associated inflammation']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['acute anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['Animal African Trypanosomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['brucei infection', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['reaching peak parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['HAT/Sleeping Sickness']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Trypanosomosis-Associated Acute Anemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Liver resections with negative margins improve survival in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a valuable tool that gives information about lesions that ultimately changes surgical strategy to ensure complete removal, which subsequently improves disease free survival (DFS). METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent a resection for @entity14 from 2009 to 2012 was completed to determine the impact of IOUS. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity1 had a hepatic resection for @entity14 . All @entity1 had preoperative imaging to assist with operative planning. IOUS was performed in 72 cases. Surgical strategy changed in 31 (43.1%) cases with IOUS, compared to three (9.7%) with no IOUS (P  <  0.001). A new lesion was detected in 13 (18.1%) of the cases. A higher proportion of nonanatomic liver resections were performed in the IOUS group (N  =  27, 37.5%) compared to the non-IOUS group (N  =  6, 19.4%) (P  =  0.07). CONCLUSION: Achievement of a negative resection margin was comparable between the two groups. However, there was a trend toward improved DFS in the IOUS group. Despite advances in preoperative imaging, IOUS demonstrates utility in providing novel information that allows removal of the entire @entity5 burden, using parenchymal-preserving techniques when feasible, leading to improved DFS.

title: The current role of intraoperative ultrasound during the resection of  XXXX : A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'CRLM']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity4794 were treated with percutaneous mitral valvotomy. A Brockenbrough catheter was advanced transseptally into the left atrium and then into the left ventricle over a long guide wire. An angle wire loop retriever was advanced through a 10 Fr straight catheter via the femoral artery into the left ventricle. The retriever was used to catch the flexible end of the long guide wire. This end of the long guide wire was then drawn out of the right femoral artery by the retriever through the straight catheter. The straight catheter was left in the descending aorta; the Brockenbrough catheter was removed and a 7 Fr balloon catheter was introduced percutaneously over the long guide wire through the femoral vein. This balloon catheter was used for interatrial septal dilatation and right femoral @entity384 . In two @entity1 this catheter was replaced over the long guide wire with a 9 Fr Schneider-Medintag Gr  ntzig catheter (3 X 12 mm diameter when inflated) and in the other by a Mansfield (18 mm diameter when inflated). The procedure was well tolerated in these three @entity1 and there were no complications. Haemodynamic function improved, there was appreciable decrease in dyspnoea, and exercise tolerance was increased. This procedure has several advantages: the balloon is more easily positioned through the mitral valve; the stability of the balloon during inflation is improved by traction at both ends of the long guide wire; and there is the option of rapidly exchanging one balloon for a larger one over the long guide wire. This technique seems to be less arrhythmogenic and results in less @entity190 because manual compression of the femoral vessels after the procedure is easier.

title: Percutaneous mitral valvotomy in XXXX : a new approach.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['venous dilatation']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between mircroRNAs and @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ). We performed a study of the significance of @entity10075 expression in the serum of @entity7025 @entity1 . METHODS: The experimental group includes 49 @entity7025 @entity1 , and the control group consists of 30 normal @entity1 , 20 @entity1779 @entity1 , 20 massive @entity385 @entity1 , 20 nonmassive @entity385 @entity1 , and 20 neurological @entity792 @entity1 . Let-7 family levels were determined by polymerase chain reaction. A dual luciferase assay was used to test whether @entity10075 recognized the 3'UTR of @entity8731 . RESULTS: The expression level of @entity10075 in @entity7025 @entity1 is higher than that observed in the control groups (P  <  .001). The luciferase assay results indicated that @entity10075 could diminish luciferase activity from a reporter vector containing the 3'-UTR of @entity8731 (P  <  .05). The suppression of luciferase activity is not found in mutRNF213 (P  >  .05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased expression of @entity10075 in @entity7025 @entity1 may contribute to @entity7025 pathogenesis by targeting @entity8731 . Thus, @entity10075 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of @entity7025 .

title: Elevated Serum MicroRNA XXXX in Moyamoya Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease', 'MMD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity10075 :: (406885,Gene) :: ['Let-7c']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the three @entity387 criteria, A and B from 2007 and the revised from 2012, proposed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) for scoring @entity387 ( @entity387 ) in @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: Polysomnographies (PSGs) in @entity1 with @entity63 or @entity64 were scored according to the A-, B-, and 2012- @entity387 criteria. RESULTS: Sixty-three PSGs were eligible for @entity387 scoring. There was no difference in the number of @entity1 diagnosed with the B- and 2012-criteria. Therefore, they are mentioned as one. Forty-seven @entity1 (75  %) were diagnosed with SRBD using the A-criteria versus 57 @entity1 (90  %) using the B/2012-criteria (p   <   0.0016). In 30 cases, a change from A- to B/2012-criteria resulted in a change in diagnosis. Ten cases of "no SRBD" changed to mild/moderate/severe SRBD. An @entity27 index (AHI) >15 is a typical indication of treatment. With the B/2012-criteria, we found an additional indication of treatment in 18 @entity1 , compared to when the A-criteria were applied (p   <   0.0001). Two of these @entity1 were labeled as no SRBD with the A-criteria. CONCLUSION: The difference is significant between the AHIs achieved by the A- and the B-/2012- @entity387 criteria, with much lower AHIs achieved with the A-criteria. As SRBD treatment lessens the risk of complications, correct identification of SRBD @entity1 is of the utmost importance.

title: Sleep apnea diagnosis varies with the XXXX criteria applied.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['SRBDs', 'hypopnea', 'sleep-related breathing disorders']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['hypopnea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report a fetal case with fatal outcome having a novel mutation in the @entity36252 gene, coding the beta-subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein. Parents had a previous @entity393 due to @entity712 and @entity4 . The next pregnancy led to left ventricular noncompaction and increasing @entity1143 after 29 gestational weeks. The fetus was small for gestational age, and long bones were abnormally short. The baby was born severely asphyxiated at 32 gestational weeks by cesarean section. Intensive care was withdrawn due to failure to thrive and suspicion of a severe @entity2383 . Postmortem brain MRI suggested microcephaly with a simplified gyral pattern. The lateral cerebral ventricles were normal. Chromosome analysis was normal (46, XX). Fibroblasts cultured from a skin biopsy of the baby revealed the large homozygous deletion @entity71126 in the @entity36252 gene, and heterozygous mutations were detected in both parents. The deletion has not been reported earlier. CONCLUSION: It is important to differentiate systemic @entity209 from disorders that affect only the cardiac muscle. @entity39316 is a relatively rare disorder of the @entity844 b-oxidation cycle. The mutation in the @entity36252 gene causes a @entity262 with early-onset @entity296 . Understanding the molecular genetic defect of the @entity1 allows appropriate genetic counseling of the family. What is Known:     @entity2383 as a group are an important etiology for fetal @entity296 including @entity1 trifunctional protein (TFP) disorders and several other @entity2383 . What is New:     We report a fetal case with fatal outcome having a novel mitochondrial trifunctional protein mutation ( @entity71126 in the @entity36252 gene).

title: Fetal left ventricular noncompaction XXXX and fatal outcome due to complete deficiency of mitochondrial trifunctional protein.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['fetal heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies', 'cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39316 :: ('MESH:C566945', 'Disease') :: ['Trifunctional protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disorder', 'mitochondrial diseases', 'Mitochondrial disorders']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity205 is superior to @entity617 for the treatment of @entity6794 , a @entity158 , ulcerating @entity272 with a poor evidence base for management. DESIGN: Multicentre, parallel group, observer blind, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 39 UK hospitals, recruiting from June 2009 to November 2012. @entity1 : 121 @entity1 (73 @entity1 , mean age 54 years) with clinician diagnosed @entity6794 . Clinical diagnosis was revised in nine @entity1 after randomisation, leaving 112 @entity1 in the analysis set (59 @entity205 ; 53 @entity617 ). INTERVENTION: Oral @entity617 0.75 mg/kg/day compared with @entity205 4 mg/kg/day, to a maximum dose of 75 and 400 mg/day, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was speed of healing over six weeks, captured using digital images and assessed by blinded investigators. Secondary outcomes were time to healing, global treatment response, resolution of @entity32 , self reported @entity158 , quality of life, number of treatment failures, adverse reactions, and time to recurrence. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and six weeks and when the ulcer had healed (to a maximum of six months). RESULTS: Of the 112 @entity1 , 108 had complete primary outcome data at baseline and six weeks (57 @entity205 ; 51 @entity617 ). Groups were balanced at baseline. The mean (SD) speed of healing at six weeks was -0.21 (1.00) cm(2)/day in the @entity205 group compared with -0.14 (0.42) cm(2)/day in the @entity617 group. The adjusted mean difference showed no between group difference (0.003 cm(2)/day, 95% confidence interval -0.20 to 0.21; P=0.97). By six months, @entity1066 had healed in 28/59 (47%) @entity1 in the @entity205 group compared with 25/53 (47%) in the @entity617 group. In those with healed @entity1066 , eight (30%) receiving @entity205 and seven (28%) receiving @entity617 had a recurrence. Adverse reactions were similar for the two groups (68% @entity205 and 66% @entity617 ), but serious adverse reactions, especially @entity281 , were more common in the @entity617 group. CONCLUSION: @entity617 and @entity205 did not differ across a range of objective and @entity1 reported outcomes. Treatment decisions for individual @entity1 may be guided by the different side effect profiles of the two drugs and @entity1 preference. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN35898459.

title: Comparison of the two most commonly used treatments for XXXX : results of the STOP GAP randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity6794 :: (MESH:D017511,Disease) :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major risk factor, and shares many common risk factors with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Few studies have directly compared the differences in common risk factors between @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 at admission. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, @entity6 @entity1 with or without first-ever @entity63 or @entity301 admitted to our hospital over 3years were enrolled. @entity1 ' data were retrospectively collected and compared using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In total, 1208 @entity6 @entity1 were enrolled (57.5% @entity1 ). The median age was 59years (interquartile range [IQR] 51-69), and duration of @entity6 was 7years (IQR 3-10). Two hundred and two @entity1 (16.7%) were diagnosed with @entity63 , 345 (28.6%) with @entity301 , and 661 (54.7%) had neither @entity63 nor @entity301 . Compared with @entity6 @entity1 without @entity63 or @entity301 , @entity63 and @entity301 @entity1 had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and older age but lower high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels (all p<0.01), whereas reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate was only associated with @entity301 (p<0.05). Furthermore, @entity63 @entity1 had higher SBP (every 10-mmHg increase, OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.51) and HbA1c levels (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31) than @entity301 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 have differences in common risk factors at admission. Higher systolic blood pressure and HbA1c levels may indicate @entity63 .

title: Risk factor differences between type 2 XXXX @entity1 with @entity301 at admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular diseases', 'ICVD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major risk factor, and shares many common risk factors with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Few studies have directly compared the differences in common risk factors between @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 at admission. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, @entity6 @entity1 with or without first-ever @entity63 or @entity301 admitted to our hospital over 3years were enrolled. @entity1 ' data were retrospectively collected and compared using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In total, 1208 @entity6 @entity1 were enrolled (57.5% @entity1 ). The median age was 59years (interquartile range [IQR] 51-69), and duration of @entity6 was 7years (IQR 3-10). Two hundred and two @entity1 (16.7%) were diagnosed with @entity63 , 345 (28.6%) with @entity301 , and 661 (54.7%) had neither @entity63 nor @entity301 . Compared with @entity6 @entity1 without @entity63 or @entity301 , @entity63 and @entity301 @entity1 had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and older age but lower high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels (all p<0.01), whereas reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate was only associated with @entity301 (p<0.05). Furthermore, @entity63 @entity1 had higher SBP (every 10-mmHg increase, OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.51) and HbA1c levels (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31) than @entity301 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 have differences in common risk factors at admission. Higher systolic blood pressure and HbA1c levels may indicate @entity63 .

title: Risk factor differences between type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX at admission.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular versus coronary heart diseases']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major risk factor, and shares many common risk factors with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Few studies have directly compared the differences in common risk factors between @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 at admission. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, @entity6 @entity1 with or without first-ever @entity63 or @entity301 admitted to our hospital over 3years were enrolled. @entity1 ' data were retrospectively collected and compared using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In total, 1208 @entity6 @entity1 were enrolled (57.5% @entity1 ). The median age was 59years (interquartile range [IQR] 51-69), and duration of @entity6 was 7years (IQR 3-10). Two hundred and two @entity1 (16.7%) were diagnosed with @entity63 , 345 (28.6%) with @entity301 , and 661 (54.7%) had neither @entity63 nor @entity301 . Compared with @entity6 @entity1 without @entity63 or @entity301 , @entity63 and @entity301 @entity1 had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and older age but lower high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels (all p<0.01), whereas reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate was only associated with @entity301 (p<0.05). Furthermore, @entity63 @entity1 had higher SBP (every 10-mmHg increase, OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.51) and HbA1c levels (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31) than @entity301 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 have differences in common risk factors at admission. Higher systolic blood pressure and HbA1c levels may indicate @entity63 .

title: Risk factor differences between type 2 @entity6 XXXX with @entity301 at admission.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Novel techniques for the control of upper limb prostheses may allow users to operate more complex prostheses than those that are currently available. Because many of these techniques are surgically invasive, it is important to understand whether individuals with @entity3140 would accept the associated risks in order to use a prosthesis. METHODS: An online survey of individuals with @entity3140 was conducted. @entity1 read descriptions of four prosthetic control techniques. One technique was noninvasive (myoelectric) and three were invasive (targeted muscle reinnervation, peripheral nerve interfaces, cortical interfaces). @entity1 rated how likely they were to try each technique if it offered each of six different functional features. They also rated their general interest in each of the six features. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections was used to examine the effect of the technique type and feature on @entity1 ' interest in each technique. RESULTS: Responses from 104 individuals were analyzed. Many @entity1 were interested in trying the techniques - 83  % responded positively toward myoelectric control, 63  % toward targeted muscle reinnervation, 68  % toward peripheral nerve interfaces, and 39  % toward cortical interfaces. Common concerns about myoelectric control were weight, cost, durability, and difficulty of use, while the most common concern about the invasive techniques was surgical risk. @entity1 expressed greatest interest in basic prosthesis features (e.g., opening and closing the hand slowly), as opposed to advanced features like fine motor control and touch sensation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of these investigations may be used to inform the development of future prosthetic technologies that are appealing to individuals with @entity3140 .

title: Surveying the interest of individuals with XXXX in novel prosthetic control techniques.

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Morphologic evaluation of @entity24103 remains problematic, especially in cases with limited biopsy samples or obscuring @entity32 . Studies in cervical @entity5 have shown that @entity1082 ) L1 capsid production is highest in low-grade @entity2784 (LSILs) and progressively decreases in high-grade @entity2784 (HSILs). The combined utility of HPV L1 and @entity986 expression in assessing anal @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) has never been analyzed and forms the basis of this study. METHODS: In total, 145 anal lesions were reviewed and immunohistochemically stained for HPV L1 and @entity986 . @entity986 expression was recorded as negative, patchy/focal, or diffuse. For analytical purposes, @entity6205 were evaluated separately from rest of the LSILs. RESULTS: There were 34 (23%) @entity6205 , 64 (44%) LSILs, and 47 (32%) HSILs. HPV L1 was significantly associated with @entity6205 (68%) and LSILs (52%) compared with HSILs (9%; P < .0001). Diffuse @entity986 staining was present only in HSILs (P < .0001), whereas a patchy/focal @entity986 staining pattern was observed in both LSILs and @entity6205 . CONCLUSIONS: HPV L1 and diffuse @entity986 expression is mutually exclusive in most anal @entity2784 and helps separate @entity2784 and @entity2784 cases. Application of both HPV L1 and @entity986 can not only facilitate accurate grading but also contribute to risk assessment in anal @entity5 .

title: Utility of @entity1082 Capsid Protein L1 and XXXX in the Assessment and Accurate Classification of Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condylomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity24103 :: ('MESH:C538254', 'Disease') :: ['anal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['SILs', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Morphologic evaluation of @entity24103 remains problematic, especially in cases with limited biopsy samples or obscuring @entity32 . Studies in cervical @entity5 have shown that @entity1082 ) L1 capsid production is highest in low-grade @entity2784 (LSILs) and progressively decreases in high-grade @entity2784 (HSILs). The combined utility of HPV L1 and @entity986 expression in assessing anal @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) has never been analyzed and forms the basis of this study. METHODS: In total, 145 anal lesions were reviewed and immunohistochemically stained for HPV L1 and @entity986 . @entity986 expression was recorded as negative, patchy/focal, or diffuse. For analytical purposes, @entity6205 were evaluated separately from rest of the LSILs. RESULTS: There were 34 (23%) @entity6205 , 64 (44%) LSILs, and 47 (32%) HSILs. HPV L1 was significantly associated with @entity6205 (68%) and LSILs (52%) compared with HSILs (9%; P < .0001). Diffuse @entity986 staining was present only in HSILs (P < .0001), whereas a patchy/focal @entity986 staining pattern was observed in both LSILs and @entity6205 . CONCLUSIONS: HPV L1 and diffuse @entity986 expression is mutually exclusive in most anal @entity2784 and helps separate @entity2784 and @entity2784 cases. Application of both HPV L1 and @entity986 can not only facilitate accurate grading but also contribute to risk assessment in anal @entity5 .

title: Utility of XXXX Capsid Protein L1 and @entity986 in the Assessment and Accurate Classification of Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors are used widely in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity101 . However, their efficacy in @entity101 blacks when compared with other antihypertensive agents is not well established. METHODS: We performed a cohort study of @entity1 using data from a clinical data warehouse of 434,646 @entity1 from New York City's Health and Hospitals Corporation from January 2004 to December 2009. @entity1 were divided into the following comparison groups: @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity460 channel blockers, @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity6662 diuretics, and @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs b-blockers. The primary outcome was a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity64 . Secondary outcomes included the individual components and @entity712 . RESULTS: In the propensity score-matched @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity460 channel blocker comparison cohort (4506 blacks in each group), @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of primary outcome (hazard ratio [ @entity712 ], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.77; P  = .0003), @entity583 ( @entity712 , 3.40; 95% CI, 1.25-9.22; P  = .02), @entity64 ( @entity712 , 1.82; 95% CI, 1.29-2.57; P  = .001), and @entity712 ( @entity712 , 1.77; 95% CI, 1.30-2.42; P  = .0003) when compared with @entity460 channel blockers. For the @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity6662 diuretics comparison (5337 blacks in each group), @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of primary outcome ( @entity712 , 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33-2.05; P < .0001), @entity204 ( @entity712 , 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03-1.76; P  = .03), @entity583 ( @entity712 , 4.00; 95% CI, 1.34-11.96; P  = .01), @entity64 ( @entity712 , 1.97; 95% CI, 1.34-2.92; P  = .001), and @entity712 ( @entity712 , 3.00; 95% CI, 1.99-4.54; P < .0001). For the @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs b-blocker comparison, the outcomes between the groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world cohort of @entity101 blacks, @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events when compared with @entity460 channel blockers or @entity6662 diuretics.

title: Outcomes with @entity7774 -converting Enzyme Inhibitors vs Other Antihypertensive Agents in XXXX Blacks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin', 'angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors are used widely in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity101 . However, their efficacy in @entity101 blacks when compared with other antihypertensive agents is not well established. METHODS: We performed a cohort study of @entity1 using data from a clinical data warehouse of 434,646 @entity1 from New York City's Health and Hospitals Corporation from January 2004 to December 2009. @entity1 were divided into the following comparison groups: @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity460 channel blockers, @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity6662 diuretics, and @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs b-blockers. The primary outcome was a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity64 . Secondary outcomes included the individual components and @entity712 . RESULTS: In the propensity score-matched @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity460 channel blocker comparison cohort (4506 blacks in each group), @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of primary outcome (hazard ratio [ @entity712 ], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.77; P  = .0003), @entity583 ( @entity712 , 3.40; 95% CI, 1.25-9.22; P  = .02), @entity64 ( @entity712 , 1.82; 95% CI, 1.29-2.57; P  = .001), and @entity712 ( @entity712 , 1.77; 95% CI, 1.30-2.42; P  = .0003) when compared with @entity460 channel blockers. For the @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs @entity6662 diuretics comparison (5337 blacks in each group), @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of primary outcome ( @entity712 , 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33-2.05; P < .0001), @entity204 ( @entity712 , 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03-1.76; P  = .03), @entity583 ( @entity712 , 4.00; 95% CI, 1.34-11.96; P  = .01), @entity64 ( @entity712 , 1.97; 95% CI, 1.34-2.92; P  = .001), and @entity712 ( @entity712 , 3.00; 95% CI, 1.99-4.54; P < .0001). For the @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors vs b-blocker comparison, the outcomes between the groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world cohort of @entity101 blacks, @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events when compared with @entity460 channel blockers or @entity6662 diuretics.

title: Outcomes with XXXX -converting Enzyme Inhibitors vs Other Antihypertensive Agents in @entity101 Blacks.

answer: @entity7774 :: (MESH:D000809,Chemical) :: ['Angiotensin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of acute premeal administration of @entity15506 versus @entity6347 in controlling postprandial @entity4854 in subjects with non-insulin-requiring type 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 20 subjects (10 female, 10 male) with non-insulin-requiring type 2 @entity6 were admitted overnight to the General Clinical Research Center on four occasions. In random order, 10 mg @entity15506 (30 min premeal), 120 mg @entity6347 (15 min premeal), 10 mg @entity15506 plus @entity6347 (30 and 15 min premeal, respectively), or placebo pills (30 and 15 min premeal) were administered in a double-blind fashion before a standardized breakfast. Blood was drawn for analysis of @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide at -0.05, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h relative to the meal. RESULTS: The subjects were aged 56 +/- 2 years and were moderately obese (BMI 31 +/- 1 kg/m(2)), with a mean HbA(1c) of 7.4 +/- 0.4%. The peak postprandial @entity413 excursion above baseline was higher with placebo (6.1 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) than @entity15506 (4.3 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, P = 0.002), @entity6347 (4.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, P = 0.001), or @entity15506 plus @entity6347 (4.1 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, P = 0.001). The area under the curve for the @entity413 excursion above baseline was also higher with placebo (14.1 +/- 1.8 mmol/h. l) compared with @entity15506 (6.9 +/- 2.4 mmol/h. l, P = 0.002), @entity6347 (9.7 +/- 2 mmol/h. l, P = 0.004), or @entity15506 plus @entity6347 (5.6 +/- 2.2 mmol/h. l, P < 0.001). Peak and integrated @entity413 excursions did not differ significantly between @entity15506 and @entity6347 . However, by 4 h postmeal, plasma @entity413 levels were significantly higher with @entity6347 (9 +/- 0.9 mmol/l) compared with the premeal baseline (7.8 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, P = 0.04) and compared with the 4-h postprandial @entity413 level after administration of @entity15506 (7.6 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, P = 0.02). Integrated postprandial insulin levels were higher with @entity15506 (1,556 +/- 349 pmol/h. l) than @entity6347 (1,364 +/- 231 pmol/h. l; P = 0.03). Early insulin secretion, as measured by insulin levels at 30 min postmeal, did not differ between @entity15506 and @entity6347 . CONCLUSIONS: Acute premeal administration of @entity6347 or @entity15506 has equal efficacy in controlling postbreakfast @entity4854 in type 2 @entity6 when each drug is administered at the optimum time before the meal. @entity15506 causes a more pronounced and sustained postmeal insulin secretory response compared with @entity6347 . @entity15506 facilitates the return to near-fasting @entity413 levels at 4 h postmeal, but with the possible risk of increased frequency of postmeal @entity4053 in drug-naive @entity1 . The clinical decision to use @entity15506 versus @entity6347 should be based on factors other than the control of postprandial @entity4854 in type 2 @entity6 .

title: Control of postprandial XXXX : optimal use of short-acting insulin secretagogues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['Glipizide', 'glipizide']

entities_list: @entity6347 :: ('MESH:C060142', 'Chemical') :: ['nateglinide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of @entity204 from exertional @entity121 (EM) in the hoofstock collection at the National Zoological Park (NZP) from 1975 to 1985. The diagnosis of EM was based on history, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings, gross and microscopic lesions. Only bovids, cervids, and equids were included in the study. Data were derived from the medical and pathological records of the NZP. There were 10 cases of EM during this period, but only seven @entity204 were directly attributable to EM. Five @entity204 occurred after immobilization. Two @entity204 occurred after improper transport, but the anesthetic history was not known in these cases. Pathologic changes consistent with EM were incidental findings in an animal killed by @entity235 , and in two animals euthanized because of suspected @entity281 . Only cervids and bovids were affected. There was no age or sex predilection for developing EM and @entity204 occurred throughout the year. Deaths associated with immobilization occurred most often after anesthesia with @entity4763 and @entity7240 . These are the drugs used most frequently in bovid and cervid anesthesia at the NZP. The overall incidence of @entity204 from EM after immobilization was 0.25% for the 10-yr period.

title: Deaths from exertional XXXX at the National Zoological Park from 1975 to 1985.

entities_list: @entity7240 :: ('MESH:D005048', 'Chemical') :: ['etorphine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathy']


abstract: During the tenth biennial examination of the Framingham Study, 1315 @entity1 who were free of @entity65 had @entity2002 levels measured. During the ensuing 12 years, @entity65 developed in 165 @entity1 and 147 @entity1 . For both sexes, the risk of @entity65 was correlated positively to antecedent @entity2002 values higher than the 1.3 to 7.0 g/L (126 to 696 mg/dL) range. The magnitude of the risk diminished with advancing age in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . Risk for @entity301 also was significantly related to @entity2002 level. Here, the magnitude of risk displayed diminishing impact with age, again only in @entity1 . Risk of @entity64 increased progressively with @entity2002 level in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . The impact of @entity2002 value, considered as a separate variable, on @entity65 was comparable with the major risk factors, such as blood pressure, hematocrit, adiposity, cigarette smoking, and @entity6 . @entity2002 values were also significantly related to these risk factors. Taking all these into account in a multivariate analysis, @entity2002 level was still significantly related to the incidence of @entity65 in @entity1 and marginally significant in @entity1 . For @entity301 , the @entity2002 level was significant for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Elevated @entity2002 level is a predictor of @entity65 that should be added to the @entity65 factor profile.

title: @entity2002 and risk of XXXX . The Framingham Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: During the tenth biennial examination of the Framingham Study, 1315 @entity1 who were free of @entity65 had @entity2002 levels measured. During the ensuing 12 years, @entity65 developed in 165 @entity1 and 147 @entity1 . For both sexes, the risk of @entity65 was correlated positively to antecedent @entity2002 values higher than the 1.3 to 7.0 g/L (126 to 696 mg/dL) range. The magnitude of the risk diminished with advancing age in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . Risk for @entity301 also was significantly related to @entity2002 level. Here, the magnitude of risk displayed diminishing impact with age, again only in @entity1 . Risk of @entity64 increased progressively with @entity2002 level in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . The impact of @entity2002 value, considered as a separate variable, on @entity65 was comparable with the major risk factors, such as blood pressure, hematocrit, adiposity, cigarette smoking, and @entity6 . @entity2002 values were also significantly related to these risk factors. Taking all these into account in a multivariate analysis, @entity2002 level was still significantly related to the incidence of @entity65 in @entity1 and marginally significant in @entity1 . For @entity301 , the @entity2002 level was significant for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Elevated @entity2002 level is a predictor of @entity65 that should be added to the @entity65 factor profile.

title: XXXX and risk of @entity65 . The Framingham Study.

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['Fibrinogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of a predictive model of health literacy, and to examine the relationship between derived health literacy estimates and 30-day hospital readmissions for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND @entity1 : A National Institute of Aging (NIA) study cohort of 696 adult, English-speaking primary care @entity1 , aged 55-74   years, was used to assess the validity of derived health literacy estimates. Claims from 7733 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised for @entity583 in 2008 in North Carolina and Illinois were used to investigate the association between health literacy estimates and 30-day hospital readmissions. MEASURES: The NIA cohort was administered 3 common health literacy assessments (Newest Vital Sign, Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine). Health literacy estimates at the census block group level were derived via a predictive model. 30-day readmissions were measured from Medicare claims data using a validated algorithm. RESULTS: Fair agreement was found between derived estimates and in- @entity1 literacy assessments (Pearson Correlation coefficients: 0.38-0.51; k scores: 0.38-0.40). Medicare enrollees with above basic literacy according to derived health literacy estimates had an 18% lower risk of a 30-day readmission (RR=0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.92) and 21% lower incidence rate of 30-day readmission (IRR=0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) than @entity1 with basic or below basic literacy. After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, the risk of 30-day readmission was 12% lower (p=0.03), and the incidence rate 16% lower (p<0.01) for @entity1 with above basic literacy. CONCLUSIONS: Health literacy, as measured by a predictive model, was found to be a significant, independent predictor of 30-day readmissions. As a modifiable risk factor with evidence-based solutions, health literacy should be considered in readmission reduction efforts.

title: Health literacy and 30-day hospital readmission after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The ideal management of the @entity1 with an asymptomatic @entity543 remains controversial. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic carotid endarterectomy (CE) done to treat asymptomatic @entity543 (greater than 50% diameter reduction by angiography) 10 years later. In 1976, 42 prophylactic CEs were performed. There were no postoperative @entity204 or @entity64 . During 10-year follow-up two @entity64 occurred in the operated hemisphere; one @entity64 was fatal and was due to an @entity932 , whereas the other @entity64 was @entity1031 in origin. Two other @entity1 @entity64 in the contralateral hemisphere and seven @entity1 had transient @entity63 attacks in the contralateral hemisphere, which necessitated CE. The survival rate at the end of the study period by life-table analysis was 57% (mean 8.7 years). Sixteen late @entity204 occurred, with coronary artery-related disease the most common cause of @entity204 . This review with actual 10-year follow-up demonstrated that prophylactic CE may be performed with minimal risk, that late @entity64 in the operated hemisphere was negligible, and that long-term survival was similar to that of a comparable age-matched population, possibly because late @entity204 attributed to @entity64 were reduced. On the basis of long-term follow-up, CE to treat asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenoses appears to be indicated in appropriate @entity1 .

title: Carotid endarterectomy to correct asymptomatic XXXX : ten years later.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'suffered strokes']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'stenosis of the extracranial internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. (Asteraceae alt. Compositae) is a Mexican plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat @entity344 . The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of C. zacatechichi extracts in @entity19 models mimicking the symptoms of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). Powdered C. zacatechichi herb (leaves, stems, and flowers) was extracted with @entity1042 . Methanolic extract was filtered and evaporated giving methanolic fraction. The residue was extracted with @entity1044 ( @entity17058 ). Methanolic and @entity17058 (200  mg/kg, per os) extracts were screened for their effect on GI motility in several in vitro tests, and the antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects were assessed using @entity19 models. The influence of the @entity17058 extract on motoric parameters and exploratory behaviors was also assessed. Finally, the composition of C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract was qualitatively analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract significantly inhibited the contractility of @entity19 colon in vitro (IC50  =  17      2   g/ml). Administration of the @entity17058 extract in vivo (200  mg/kg, per os) significantly prolonged the time of whole GI transit (46      1 vs. 117      27  min for control and @entity17058 -treated animals, respectively; P  =  0.0023), inhibited hypermotility, and reduced @entity158 in @entity19 models mimicking functional @entity344 . Our findings suggest that constituents of the C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract exhibit antidiarrheal and analgesic activity. The extract may thus become an attractive material for isolation of compounds that may be used as a supplementary treatment for @entity158 and @entity294 associated with @entity1744 in the future.

title: Calea zacatechichi @entity1044 extract exhibits antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects in @entity19 models mimicking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI disorders', 'respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. (Asteraceae alt. Compositae) is a Mexican plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat @entity344 . The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of C. zacatechichi extracts in @entity19 models mimicking the symptoms of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). Powdered C. zacatechichi herb (leaves, stems, and flowers) was extracted with @entity1042 . Methanolic extract was filtered and evaporated giving methanolic fraction. The residue was extracted with @entity1044 ( @entity17058 ). Methanolic and @entity17058 (200  mg/kg, per os) extracts were screened for their effect on GI motility in several in vitro tests, and the antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects were assessed using @entity19 models. The influence of the @entity17058 extract on motoric parameters and exploratory behaviors was also assessed. Finally, the composition of C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract was qualitatively analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract significantly inhibited the contractility of @entity19 colon in vitro (IC50  =  17      2   g/ml). Administration of the @entity17058 extract in vivo (200  mg/kg, per os) significantly prolonged the time of whole GI transit (46      1 vs. 117      27  min for control and @entity17058 -treated animals, respectively; P  =  0.0023), inhibited hypermotility, and reduced @entity158 in @entity19 models mimicking functional @entity344 . Our findings suggest that constituents of the C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract exhibit antidiarrheal and analgesic activity. The extract may thus become an attractive material for isolation of compounds that may be used as a supplementary treatment for @entity158 and @entity294 associated with @entity1744 in the future.

title: Calea zacatechichi XXXX extract exhibits antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects in @entity19 models mimicking @entity1744 .

answer: @entity1044 :: (MESH:D008752,Chemical) :: ['dichloromethane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. (Asteraceae alt. Compositae) is a Mexican plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat @entity344 . The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of C. zacatechichi extracts in @entity19 models mimicking the symptoms of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). Powdered C. zacatechichi herb (leaves, stems, and flowers) was extracted with @entity1042 . Methanolic extract was filtered and evaporated giving methanolic fraction. The residue was extracted with @entity1044 ( @entity17058 ). Methanolic and @entity17058 (200  mg/kg, per os) extracts were screened for their effect on GI motility in several in vitro tests, and the antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects were assessed using @entity19 models. The influence of the @entity17058 extract on motoric parameters and exploratory behaviors was also assessed. Finally, the composition of C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract was qualitatively analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract significantly inhibited the contractility of @entity19 colon in vitro (IC50  =  17      2   g/ml). Administration of the @entity17058 extract in vivo (200  mg/kg, per os) significantly prolonged the time of whole GI transit (46      1 vs. 117      27  min for control and @entity17058 -treated animals, respectively; P  =  0.0023), inhibited hypermotility, and reduced @entity158 in @entity19 models mimicking functional @entity344 . Our findings suggest that constituents of the C. zacatechichi @entity17058 extract exhibit antidiarrheal and analgesic activity. The extract may thus become an attractive material for isolation of compounds that may be used as a supplementary treatment for @entity158 and @entity294 associated with @entity1744 in the future.

title: Calea zacatechichi @entity1044 extract exhibits antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects in XXXX models mimicking @entity1744 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In most organisms, physiological variables are regulated by an internal clock. This endogenous circadian (   24-hr) clock enables organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes and modify behavioral and physiological functions appropriately. Processes regulated by the circadian clock include @entity25 , core body temperature, metabolism, water/food intake, and available hormone levels. At the core of the @entity1 circadian system are molecular oscillations within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. These oscillations are modifiable by signals from the environment (so called zeitgebers or time-givers) and, once integrated within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, are conveyed to remote neural circuits where output rhythms are regulated. Disrupting any of a number of neural processes can affect how rhythms are generated and relayed to the periphery and disturbances in circadian/entrainment parameters are associated with numerous @entity1 conditions. These non-invasive protocols can be used to determine whether circadian/entrainment parameters are affected in @entity19 mutants or treatment groups. Curr. Protoc. @entity19 Biol. 1:369-381    2011 by John Wiley _ Sons, Inc.

title: Assessment of Circadian and Light-Entrainable Parameters in XXXX Using Wheel-Running Activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-wake and locomotor activity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although there are established risks associated with gestational @entity286 smoke exposure, few studies have addressed the metabolic hazards of domestic exposure in early childhood. This study prospectively examines the long-term relationship between early childhood exposure to household smoke and two adiposity-related measures at age 10. METHODS: @entity1 from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of @entity1 Development birth cohort were categorized into one of three groups of early childhood household exposure to @entity286 smoke over four time points (from ages 1 to 7 years): never-exposed; transient exposure; and continuous exposure. Follow-up measures of body mass index and waist circumference were independently assessed at age 10. RESULTS: Compared to being never exposed, transient and continuous household smoke exposure predicted increases of 0.93cm (95% confidence interval [CI] between 0.05 and 1.82cm; P = .03) and 1.56cm (95% CI between 0.07 and 3.05cm; P = .04) in @entity1 's waist circumference, respectively. @entity1 exposed to transient and continuous household smoke, compared to unexposed @entity1 , also showed 0.48 and 0.81 point increases in their body mass index, respectively, both Ps = .005. Once adjusted, for confounding variables, only transient household smoke remained associated with 43% greater odds of belonging to the overweight/obese category (95% CI between 1.12 and 1.81cm; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant long-term prospective associations between home-based secondhand smoke exposure and unhealthy body fat distribution. Waist circumference in youth has become an important risk factor for @entity28 -related diseases in adulthood. Our findings emphasize the importance public health initiatives and parental sensitization aimed at domestic exposure reductions during the critical early childhood years.

title: Prospective Associations Between Early Long-Term Household XXXX Smoke Exposure and Subsequent Indicators of Metabolic Risk at Age 10.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: Sixty-one supracondylar @entity174 above prosthetic knee replacements in 58 @entity1 were reviewed with a mean follow-up time of 3.7 years (range, 9 months to ten years). The mean interim between arthroplasty and @entity174 was 2.9 years (range, intraoperative to ten years). Twenty-seven cases demonstrated notching of the anterior femoral cortex. Seventeen @entity1 suffered from a severe @entity16 . Group A consisted of 30 @entity1 with 31 @entity174 treated by open reduction and internal fixation or revision arthroplasty. Follow-up study revealed 25 unions, three malunions, one nonunion, and two above-knee amputations for deep @entity295 . Four of 31 @entity1 had @entity158 levels or change in ambulatory status postoperatively. Group B consisted of 30 @entity174 in 28 @entity1 treated by casting alone or traction followed by cast bracing. Follow-up examination showed 17 unions, seven malunions, and six nonunions. Fifteen of the 30 @entity1 had @entity158 levels or change in ambulatory status after treatment. Casting produced significant decreases in motion in both groups. The results indicate that this @entity174 is associated with anterior notching of the femoral cortex and preexisting @entity16 . @entity1 with a supracondylar @entity174 following prosthetic knee arthroplasty are best managed by secure internal fixation and early motion.

title: Supracondylar XXXX of the femur following prosthetic knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders', 'neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']