abstract: This single-arm, multicenter, phase II study examined the objective response rate and @entity137 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity900 in @entity1 with stage IB-IIIA @entity1149 . Treatment consisted of three 21-day cycles of @entity136 (1000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)) on day 1 of each cycle. Surgery was performed 4-5 weeks after day 1 of the last cycle of study therapy. A total of 52 @entity1 from five investigative sites in Russia were enrolled in the study, of which 50 (96.2%) received study therapy. Of the 49 @entity1 who were evaluable for response, six (12.2%) had a complete response and 16 (32.7%) had a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 44.9%. Disease progression occurred in four out of the 49 (8.2%) @entity1 . Radical @entity5 resection was performed in 38 out of the 49 (77.6%) @entity1 . A total of 41 @entity1 were assessed for a pathological complete response, of which four (9.8%) @entity1 had pathological complete @entity5 regression. Postsurgical restaging was performed in 36 out of the 41 (87.8%) @entity1 . @entity5 downstaging occurred in 16 out of the 36 (44.4%) @entity1 . Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 were experienced by 28.0%/6.0% @entity1 and 6.0%/2.0% @entity1 , respectively. Grade 3 @entity417 occurred in 4.0% of the @entity1 . Nonhematological @entity137 was mild. Overall mortality was 30.0% (15 out of 50 @entity1 ), predominantly from progressive disease. The 1-year overall survival rate was 74.4% (95% confidence interval: 61.3-87.6%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity900 showed a good safety profile with an encouraging possibility of curative surgery in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 .

title: @entity136 combined with @entity900 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-IIIA XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: This single-arm, multicenter, phase II study examined the objective response rate and @entity137 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity900 in @entity1 with stage IB-IIIA @entity1149 . Treatment consisted of three 21-day cycles of @entity136 (1000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)) on day 1 of each cycle. Surgery was performed 4-5 weeks after day 1 of the last cycle of study therapy. A total of 52 @entity1 from five investigative sites in Russia were enrolled in the study, of which 50 (96.2%) received study therapy. Of the 49 @entity1 who were evaluable for response, six (12.2%) had a complete response and 16 (32.7%) had a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 44.9%. Disease progression occurred in four out of the 49 (8.2%) @entity1 . Radical @entity5 resection was performed in 38 out of the 49 (77.6%) @entity1 . A total of 41 @entity1 were assessed for a pathological complete response, of which four (9.8%) @entity1 had pathological complete @entity5 regression. Postsurgical restaging was performed in 36 out of the 41 (87.8%) @entity1 . @entity5 downstaging occurred in 16 out of the 36 (44.4%) @entity1 . Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 were experienced by 28.0%/6.0% @entity1 and 6.0%/2.0% @entity1 , respectively. Grade 3 @entity417 occurred in 4.0% of the @entity1 . Nonhematological @entity137 was mild. Overall mortality was 30.0% (15 out of 50 @entity1 ), predominantly from progressive disease. The 1-year overall survival rate was 74.4% (95% confidence interval: 61.3-87.6%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity900 showed a good safety profile with an encouraging possibility of curative surgery in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 .

title: XXXX combined with @entity900 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-IIIA @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alterations in the central nervous system leading to higher @entity158 sensitivity have been shown in both @entity615 ( @entity615 ) and @entity239 ( @entity239 ). The aim of this study was to disclose commonalities and differences in the pathophysiology of @entity239 and @entity615 . METHODS: We used the quantitative sensory testing protocol of the German Research Network on @entity9 to obtain comprehensive profiles of somatosensory functions. The protocol comprised thermal and mechanical detection and @entity158 thresholds, vibration thresholds, and @entity158 sensitivity to sharp and blunt mechanical stimuli. We studied 21 @entity239 @entity1 (mean @entity158 duration: 13.4 y), 23 @entity615 subjects (mean @entity158 duration: 15.9 y), and 20 @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Each @entity1 received the test battery on the back and on the dorsal hand ( @entity158 -free control site). RESULTS: On the back, @entity239 @entity1 showed increased thermal and mechanical @entity158 sensitivity compared with @entity23 and @entity615 @entity1 . On the hand dorsum, @entity239 @entity1 showed higher mechanical @entity158 sensitivity compared with @entity615 @entity1 and @entity23 and higher cold @entity158 sensitivity compared with @entity23 . @entity615 @entity1 showed increased @entity158 sensitivity and lower vibration sensitivity on the back, but no significant differences on the hand dorsum compared with @entity23 . DISCUSSION: @entity239 @entity1 showed increased sensitivity for different @entity158 modalities at all measured body areas, suggesting central disinhibition as a potential mechanism. @entity615 @entity1 in contrast, showed localized alterations within the affected segment possibly due to peripheral sensitization.

title: Quantitative sensory testing profiles in @entity615 are distinct from those in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['CBP', 'chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HCs']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pressure pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic Pain']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alterations in the central nervous system leading to higher @entity158 sensitivity have been shown in both @entity615 ( @entity615 ) and @entity239 ( @entity239 ). The aim of this study was to disclose commonalities and differences in the pathophysiology of @entity239 and @entity615 . METHODS: We used the quantitative sensory testing protocol of the German Research Network on @entity9 to obtain comprehensive profiles of somatosensory functions. The protocol comprised thermal and mechanical detection and @entity158 thresholds, vibration thresholds, and @entity158 sensitivity to sharp and blunt mechanical stimuli. We studied 21 @entity239 @entity1 (mean @entity158 duration: 13.4 y), 23 @entity615 subjects (mean @entity158 duration: 15.9 y), and 20 @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Each @entity1 received the test battery on the back and on the dorsal hand ( @entity158 -free control site). RESULTS: On the back, @entity239 @entity1 showed increased thermal and mechanical @entity158 sensitivity compared with @entity23 and @entity615 @entity1 . On the hand dorsum, @entity239 @entity1 showed higher mechanical @entity158 sensitivity compared with @entity615 @entity1 and @entity23 and higher cold @entity158 sensitivity compared with @entity23 . @entity615 @entity1 showed increased @entity158 sensitivity and lower vibration sensitivity on the back, but no significant differences on the hand dorsum compared with @entity23 . DISCUSSION: @entity239 @entity1 showed increased sensitivity for different @entity158 modalities at all measured body areas, suggesting central disinhibition as a potential mechanism. @entity615 @entity1 in contrast, showed localized alterations within the affected segment possibly due to peripheral sensitization.

title: Quantitative sensory testing profiles in XXXX are distinct from those in @entity239 .

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['chronic back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tea catechins inhibit the activity of the enzyme @entity9796 reductase, which catalyzes the inactive form of @entity1501 @entity73060 to the active form of @entity1501 @entity73061 . This inhibition leads to disturbance of the @entity1501 metabolic pathway and to lower bioavailability of @entity1501 to cells; therefore, it may increase the risk of @entity601 ( @entity601 ) in a developing embryo. We examined the association between tea drinking during the periconceptional period and the risk of @entity601 . METHODS: Cases were fetuses or neonates with an NTD as ascertained through a population-based surveillance system in 4 rural counties of Shanxi Province in northern China during 2002 through 2007. Controls were term @entity1 without @entity600 . Demographic, reproductive, and exposure data were obtained through a face-to-face interview. RESULTS: A total of 631 NTD cases and 857 controls were included in the analysis. Compared with @entity1 who did not drink tea during the periconceptional period (487 cases and 688 controls), @entity1 who drank tea daily (20 cases and 9 controls) had a 3-fold increased risk (odds ratio = 3.1 [95% confidence interval = 1.4-7.0]) of having an NTD-affected pregnancy. The elevated risk associated with daily tea drinking remained after adjusting for maternal age, educational level, occupation, and periconceptional @entity1501 supplementation (3.4 [1.4-8.3]). The association was present for all 3 major subtypes of @entity601 (ie, @entity10413 , @entity3570 , and @entity3976 ). CONCLUSIONS: Daily tea drinking during the periconceptional period was associated with an elevated risk of @entity601 in this Chinese population.

title: Tea drinking as a risk factor for XXXX in northern China.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity73061 :: ('CHEBI:15635', 'Chemical') :: ['5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity73060 :: ('CHEBI:15633', 'Chemical') :: ['7,8-dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['neural tube defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Shoulder problems, especially SLAP (superior labral anterior-posterior) lesions, are frequent in rock climbers. Although various SLAP repair methods demonstrate 75% to 97% good functional outcomes in general population, the results in overhead athletes are inconsistent and the question whether a primary tenodesis is more efficient arises. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The @entity1 were treated as inpatient surgical @entity1 , and the follow-up was performed after 6 months and 2 years. @entity1 : Six high-level rock climbers with @entity75 and @entity75 were surgically treated with primary tenodesis. INTERVENTIONS: Primary tenodesis was performed for @entity75 in high-level climbers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The postoperative outcome was assessed through physical examination after 6 months and 2 years, Constant-Murley score, re-establishment of initial climbing ability level, and self-perception of the function of the shoulder and climbing ability. RESULTS: All climbers regained their initial climbing level after 6 months. The Constant-Murley score (mean, 97.3%) showed an excellent functional outcome. The self-perception of the shoulder function and climbing ability was 96.8% of normal. CONCLUSIONS: The primary biceps tenodesis is proved to be a reliable alternative to arthroscopic SLAP repair in overhead athletes, especially if constant microtrauma persists.

title: Superior XXXX in rock climbers   primary double tenodesis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the long biceps tendon anchor or additional pulley lesions', 'SLAP lesions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['labral anterior-posterior lesions']


abstract: The increased use of explosives in recent wars has increased the number of veterans with @entity3614 . Of particular interest is blast @entity1545 , and a key question is whether the primary overpressure wave of the blast is injurious or whether @entity1545 from blast is mostly due to secondary and tertiary effects. Using a shock tube generating shock waves comparable to open-field blast waves, we explored the effects of blast on parenchymatous organs of @entity19 with emphasis on the brain. The main injuries in nonbrain organs were @entity548 in the lung interstitium and alveolar spaces and @entity385 in liver, spleen, and kidney. Neuropathological and behavioral outcomes of blast were studied at mild blast intensity, that is, 68    8 kPag (9.9    1.2 psig) static pressure, 103 kPag (14.9 psig) total pressure and 183    14 kPag (26.5    2.1 psig) membrane rupture pressure. Under these conditions, we observed multifocal @entity21 , primarily in the cerebellum/brainstem, the corticospinal system, and the optic tract. We also found prolonged behavioral and motor abnormalities, including @entity2414 and in motor coordination. Shielding of the torso ameliorated @entity21 and @entity146 . These findings indicate that long CNS axon tracts are particularly vulnerable to the effects of blast, even at mild intensities that match the exposure of most veterans in recent wars. Prevention of some of these neurological effects by torso shielding may generate new ideas as to how to protect military and civilian populations in blast scenarios.

title: A @entity19 model of XXXX to brain: initial pathological, neuropathological, and behavioral characterization.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury', 'injury to the brain']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injuries']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in social recognition and spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarcts']

answer: @entity3614 :: (MESH:D001753,Disease) :: ['blast injury']


abstract: The increased use of explosives in recent wars has increased the number of veterans with @entity3614 . Of particular interest is blast @entity1545 , and a key question is whether the primary overpressure wave of the blast is injurious or whether @entity1545 from blast is mostly due to secondary and tertiary effects. Using a shock tube generating shock waves comparable to open-field blast waves, we explored the effects of blast on parenchymatous organs of @entity19 with emphasis on the brain. The main injuries in nonbrain organs were @entity548 in the lung interstitium and alveolar spaces and @entity385 in liver, spleen, and kidney. Neuropathological and behavioral outcomes of blast were studied at mild blast intensity, that is, 68    8 kPag (9.9    1.2 psig) static pressure, 103 kPag (14.9 psig) total pressure and 183    14 kPag (26.5    2.1 psig) membrane rupture pressure. Under these conditions, we observed multifocal @entity21 , primarily in the cerebellum/brainstem, the corticospinal system, and the optic tract. We also found prolonged behavioral and motor abnormalities, including @entity2414 and in motor coordination. Shielding of the torso ameliorated @entity21 and @entity146 . These findings indicate that long CNS axon tracts are particularly vulnerable to the effects of blast, even at mild intensities that match the exposure of most veterans in recent wars. Prevention of some of these neurological effects by torso shielding may generate new ideas as to how to protect military and civilian populations in blast scenarios.

title: A XXXX model of @entity3614 to brain: initial pathological, neuropathological, and behavioral characterization.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity292 caused by @entity4436 is relatively rare, and a delayed recrudescent case of @entity292 is very uncommon. We herein report a rare case of a Japanese 56-year-old male with delayed @entity4557 due to @entity4436 . A @entity292 was formed after a drainage operation against a perforation of the sigmoid colon diverticulum. After 5 years from treatment, he was admitted to our hospital because of lower @entity490 . We diagnosed the @entity4557 by abdominal computed tomography and gastrografin enema, and managed the @entity1 with total parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. As the @entity292 formation did not improve, a low anterior resection with fistulectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged. It has been reported that, in fistulas of the skin caused by @entity66 , complete closure of the @entity292 by conservative therapy may not be possible. This case also implies the possibility of a recurrence of the @entity292 even if the conservative treatment was effective. In cases of @entity292 due to @entity4436 , radical surgery is considered necessary because of possibility of recurrence of the @entity292 .

title: A Delayed Recrudescent Case of Sigmoidocutaneous Fistula due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['recrudescent sigmoidocutaneous fistula']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Colocutaneous fistula', 'fistula', 'colocutaneous fistula', 'colocutaneous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['Diverticulitis']


abstract: The authors describe 10 @entity1 with associated @entity137 and @entity882 and a female @entity1 with associated @entity5651 and a three-shoot autoimmune peripheral @entity1503 . In 8 @entity1 @entity2743 preceded the appearance of @entity882 , in 3 @entity1 , both the conditions were diagnosed at a time. In 4 @entity1 , the measurements were taken of the IgG content on the surface of platelets according to Dixon et al. In 3 patients, the IgG content turned out to be appreciably elevated, in one @entity1 , the content of IgG was within normal, however the latter @entity1 was examined after @entity617 intake that had given rise to an increase in the platelet count. Two @entity1 who received radioactive @entity1496 and three @entity1 treated by thyrostatic drugs were later on subjected to splenectomy. In 4 @entity1 , @entity882 remitted after subtotal strumectomy. One female @entity1 was subjected to sectoral resection of the thyroid. Two years after surgery the @entity1 , who was in an euthyroid state, developed @entity882 which required splenectomy. It is possible that in the latter case there was no direct relation between the two diseases. The relationship between the two @entity792 , @entity137 and @entity882 , remained unclear in other 10 cases. The relationship between the diseases under consideration and approaches to specifying the character of such a relationship are under discussion.

title: [Autoimmune @entity882 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse toxic goiter']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['diffuse-toxic goiter']


abstract: The authors describe 10 @entity1 with associated @entity137 and @entity882 and a female @entity1 with associated @entity5651 and a three-shoot autoimmune peripheral @entity1503 . In 8 @entity1 @entity2743 preceded the appearance of @entity882 , in 3 @entity1 , both the conditions were diagnosed at a time. In 4 @entity1 , the measurements were taken of the IgG content on the surface of platelets according to Dixon et al. In 3 patients, the IgG content turned out to be appreciably elevated, in one @entity1 , the content of IgG was within normal, however the latter @entity1 was examined after @entity617 intake that had given rise to an increase in the platelet count. Two @entity1 who received radioactive @entity1496 and three @entity1 treated by thyrostatic drugs were later on subjected to splenectomy. In 4 @entity1 , @entity882 remitted after subtotal strumectomy. One female @entity1 was subjected to sectoral resection of the thyroid. Two years after surgery the @entity1 , who was in an euthyroid state, developed @entity882 which required splenectomy. It is possible that in the latter case there was no direct relation between the two diseases. The relationship between the two @entity792 , @entity137 and @entity882 , remained unclear in other 10 cases. The relationship between the diseases under consideration and approaches to specifying the character of such a relationship are under discussion.

title: [Autoimmune XXXX and @entity137 ].

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: RATIONALE: Muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mAChR) are G protein-coupled receptors, widely expressed in the CNS. Electrophysiological and molecular studies have provided evidence for overactive M1 receptor signaling in the @entity2100 knockout ( @entity34141 KO) @entity19 model, suggesting the involvement of the M1 receptors in @entity2100 . Overactive signaling through the M1 receptor has been hypothesized to contribute to the phenotypes seen in @entity2100 @entity19 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the modulation of behavioral responses in the @entity34141 KO animals by reducing the activity through the muscarinic M1 receptor using the pharmacological agent @entity37419 , an M1 antagonist. METHODS: The behavioral assays used to investigate the pharmacological effects include marble burying (perseverative behavior), open-field exploration (activity), passive avoidance (learning and memory), prepulse inhibition (sensorimotor gating), and @entity410 . RESULTS: Data from the marble-burying assay suggests that treatment with @entity37419 results in a decrease in the number of marbles buried in the wild-type and in the KO animals. To examine the possibility of drug-induced sedation, overall activity was measured in an open-field chamber. @entity37419 only increases activity at a dose of 20  mg/kg in the wild-type @entity19 but did not affect exploration in the KO animals. Lastly, we observed that @entity37419 causes a significant decrease in the percentage of @entity410 in the @entity34141 KO animals. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pharmacologically reducing the activity through the @entity57115 alters select behavioral responses in the @entity34141 KO @entity19 .

title: Modulation of behavioral phenotypes by a muscarinic M1 antagonist in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['audiogenic seizures']

entities_list: @entity37419 :: ('MESH:D004025', 'Chemical') :: ['dicyclomine', 'Dicyclomine']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome', 'fragile X']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X syndrome']


abstract: RATIONALE: Muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mAChR) are G protein-coupled receptors, widely expressed in the CNS. Electrophysiological and molecular studies have provided evidence for overactive M1 receptor signaling in the @entity2100 knockout ( @entity34141 KO) @entity19 model, suggesting the involvement of the M1 receptors in @entity2100 . Overactive signaling through the M1 receptor has been hypothesized to contribute to the phenotypes seen in @entity2100 @entity19 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the modulation of behavioral responses in the @entity34141 KO animals by reducing the activity through the muscarinic M1 receptor using the pharmacological agent @entity37419 , an M1 antagonist. METHODS: The behavioral assays used to investigate the pharmacological effects include marble burying (perseverative behavior), open-field exploration (activity), passive avoidance (learning and memory), prepulse inhibition (sensorimotor gating), and @entity410 . RESULTS: Data from the marble-burying assay suggests that treatment with @entity37419 results in a decrease in the number of marbles buried in the wild-type and in the KO animals. To examine the possibility of drug-induced sedation, overall activity was measured in an open-field chamber. @entity37419 only increases activity at a dose of 20  mg/kg in the wild-type @entity19 but did not affect exploration in the KO animals. Lastly, we observed that @entity37419 causes a significant decrease in the percentage of @entity410 in the @entity34141 KO animals. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pharmacologically reducing the activity through the @entity57115 alters select behavioral responses in the @entity34141 KO @entity19 .

title: Modulation of behavioral phenotypes by a muscarinic M1 antagonist in a XXXX model of @entity2100 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We herein report a case of @entity1576 caused by acute exacerbation of undiagnosed @entity401 ( @entity401 ). A 76-year-old @entity1 underwent two subsequent operations, cholecystectomy and resection of @entity362 in the neck, under general anesthesia at an interval of 12 days. Although the postoperative course of the first operation was uneventful, the @entity1 abruptly developed @entity1576 on the 4th postoperative day (POD) of the second operation. Although @entity134 therapy was transiently effective to improve oxygenation, @entity1576 was gradually deteriorated. She died on the 25th POD. She had a past history of right upper lobectomy for @entity6437 resulting from @entity3616 in another hospital 4 years ago. The follow-up CT performed in this hospital demonstrated subtle foci of ground-glass opacities in the left lung; however, no diagnosis of @entity401 had been made. Thus, we concluded that idiopathic @entity401 had gradually advanced preoperatively, and acute exacerbation was triggered by perioperative stress. The present case warned us that acute exacerbation of @entity401 could occur in a @entity1 with mild symptoms. Therefore, preoperative proper diagnosis is thought to be important as acute exacerbation of @entity401 is a highly morbid clinical event.

title: XXXX caused by acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['cryptogenic organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'postoperative respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Postoperative respiratory failure']


abstract: Low-grade @entity11 are slow-growing @entity5 invading eloquent areas and white matter pathways. For many decades these @entity5 were considered inoperable because of their high tropism for eloquent areas. However, the young age of the @entity1 and the inescapable anaplastic transformation have recently suggested more aggressive treatments. We analyzed the neurological and neuro-oncological outcome of 12 @entity1 who underwent surgery fully awake for the resection of LGG, harboring eloquent areas. 10 right- and 2 left-handed @entity1 underwent pre-operative assessment: Karnofsky Performance Status, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Score; neuropsychological and neurophysiological evaluations, according to the @entity5 location. During surgery we performed: sensory-motor-evoked potentials, continuous electro-corticography and bipolar/monopolar cortico-subcortical mapping during neuropsychological tests. The resection rate was calculated with neuro-imaging elaboration software. No permanent @entity51 were reported; 2 @entity1 improved after surgery. No @entity73 was reported. The KPS improved in 8 @entity1 and was steady in the others. The mean resection rate was 78.3%. The resection allowed the control of pre-operative @entity410 without increasing the drug intake. Awake surgery allowed a good resection rate despite the eloquent location of the @entity5 , without post-operative deficit. The neuropsychological outcome was unchanged after surgery. The resection seems to improve @entity410 control. All the @entity1 came back to normal life and work. In conclusion, awake surgery is reliable and feasible in removal of LGG, even if invading the main eloquent areas and networks. All the @entity1 experienced a normal life after surgery, without @entity51 .

title: Awake surgery in low-grade XXXX harboring eloquent areas: 3-year mean follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of cognitive functions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative deficits', 'permanent deficits']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: @entity1489 is the most common @entity5 in the United States, with about 1,000,000 @entity1 developing the disease each year. The incidence of @entity320 has rapidly increased in young white @entity1 between the ages of 15-34 over the last three decades. While @entity320 accounts for approximately 3% of @entity1489 , it causes more than 75% of @entity1489 deaths. Thorough skin assessments and awareness of new or changing appearance of @entity272 are critical to early detection and treatment of @entity1489 , as well as teaching sun-protective behaviors. Educators created a novel approach to "bring to life" @entity1489 assessment skills to promote awareness of prevention and early detection of @entity1489 using moulage in a @entity1 @entity1 simulation lab. Through the use of moulage-like lesions, simulated @entity1 were evaluated and taught @entity1489 prevention and early detection principles by baccalaureate nursing students. The average age of study @entity1 (n   =   104) was 26.50  years. The majority of responders were female. At the end of the lab, students' average responses to an evaluation based on program goals were very positive. Anecdotal comments affirmed positive student perceptions of their simulation experience. Data analyses indicated item means were consistently higher for upper-division students. The age and gender of students who participated in this study align with the NCI statistics on age and gender of the population with increased incidence of @entity320 .

title: Bringing skin assessments to life using @entity1 @entity1 simulation: an emphasis on XXXX prevention and early detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers', 'skin cancer', 'Skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1489 is the most common @entity5 in the United States, with about 1,000,000 @entity1 developing the disease each year. The incidence of @entity320 has rapidly increased in young white @entity1 between the ages of 15-34 over the last three decades. While @entity320 accounts for approximately 3% of @entity1489 , it causes more than 75% of @entity1489 deaths. Thorough skin assessments and awareness of new or changing appearance of @entity272 are critical to early detection and treatment of @entity1489 , as well as teaching sun-protective behaviors. Educators created a novel approach to "bring to life" @entity1489 assessment skills to promote awareness of prevention and early detection of @entity1489 using moulage in a @entity1 @entity1 simulation lab. Through the use of moulage-like lesions, simulated @entity1 were evaluated and taught @entity1489 prevention and early detection principles by baccalaureate nursing students. The average age of study @entity1 (n   =   104) was 26.50  years. The majority of responders were female. At the end of the lab, students' average responses to an evaluation based on program goals were very positive. Anecdotal comments affirmed positive student perceptions of their simulation experience. Data analyses indicated item means were consistently higher for upper-division students. The age and gender of students who participated in this study align with the NCI statistics on age and gender of the population with increased incidence of @entity320 .

title: Bringing skin assessments to life using XXXX @entity1 simulation: an emphasis on @entity5 prevention and early detection.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1489 is the most common @entity5 in the United States, with about 1,000,000 @entity1 developing the disease each year. The incidence of @entity320 has rapidly increased in young white @entity1 between the ages of 15-34 over the last three decades. While @entity320 accounts for approximately 3% of @entity1489 , it causes more than 75% of @entity1489 deaths. Thorough skin assessments and awareness of new or changing appearance of @entity272 are critical to early detection and treatment of @entity1489 , as well as teaching sun-protective behaviors. Educators created a novel approach to "bring to life" @entity1489 assessment skills to promote awareness of prevention and early detection of @entity1489 using moulage in a @entity1 @entity1 simulation lab. Through the use of moulage-like lesions, simulated @entity1 were evaluated and taught @entity1489 prevention and early detection principles by baccalaureate nursing students. The average age of study @entity1 (n   =   104) was 26.50  years. The majority of responders were female. At the end of the lab, students' average responses to an evaluation based on program goals were very positive. Anecdotal comments affirmed positive student perceptions of their simulation experience. Data analyses indicated item means were consistently higher for upper-division students. The age and gender of students who participated in this study align with the NCI statistics on age and gender of the population with increased incidence of @entity320 .

title: Bringing skin assessments to life using @entity1 XXXX simulation: an emphasis on @entity5 prevention and early detection.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Stored sera from 466 @entity1 with @entity1723 and from 144 controls were examined for organ-specific antibodies to @entity1 adrenal cortex. Adrenal antibodies were found in seven of the @entity1 with @entity1723 (1.5%) and in one control (0.7%). None of 91 black @entity1 with @entity1723 had adrenal antibodies. All of the seven @entity1 with adrenal antibodies had other organ-specific antibodies. Three had clinical @entity1375 and one was @entity3935 . All of these seven @entity1 had a HLA-B8-bearing haplotype, suggesting that the B8-bearing haplotype confers an extremely high "relative risk" for adrenal autoimmunity in @entity1723 . Organ-specific @entity792 and/or organ-specific antibodies were found in 30% of the first-degree relatives of these eight probands with the adrenal antibodies (seven with @entity1723 and one control). We conclude that screening @entity1 with @entity1723 for adrenal antibodies of low yield (1.9% among white @entity1 ). Further, adrenal antibodies may be present for at least two years without the development of @entity5343 . Antibodies reactive only to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex may be benign. @entity1 with @entity1723 and thyroid microsomal antibodies are more likely to have adrenal antibodies (6.5%), as are @entity1 with @entity1723 and a B8-bearing haplotype and those with @entity1723 and family histories of organ-specific autoimmunity.

title: Adrenal autoantibodies and @entity5343 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['Addison disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Stored sera from 466 @entity1 with @entity1723 and from 144 controls were examined for organ-specific antibodies to @entity1 adrenal cortex. Adrenal antibodies were found in seven of the @entity1 with @entity1723 (1.5%) and in one control (0.7%). None of 91 black @entity1 with @entity1723 had adrenal antibodies. All of the seven @entity1 with adrenal antibodies had other organ-specific antibodies. Three had clinical @entity1375 and one was @entity3935 . All of these seven @entity1 had a HLA-B8-bearing haplotype, suggesting that the B8-bearing haplotype confers an extremely high "relative risk" for adrenal autoimmunity in @entity1723 . Organ-specific @entity792 and/or organ-specific antibodies were found in 30% of the first-degree relatives of these eight probands with the adrenal antibodies (seven with @entity1723 and one control). We conclude that screening @entity1 with @entity1723 for adrenal antibodies of low yield (1.9% among white @entity1 ). Further, adrenal antibodies may be present for at least two years without the development of @entity5343 . Antibodies reactive only to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex may be benign. @entity1 with @entity1723 and thyroid microsomal antibodies are more likely to have adrenal antibodies (6.5%), as are @entity1 with @entity1723 and a B8-bearing haplotype and those with @entity1723 and family histories of organ-specific autoimmunity.

title: Adrenal autoantibodies and XXXX in @entity1723 .

answer: @entity5343 :: (MESH:D000224,Disease) :: ['Addison disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In laparoscopic anterior resection, minilaparotomy still is required. Recently, transvaginal hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) techniques for cholecystectomy have been described. Reports on operations that require removal of larger specimens, as in anterior resection, are scarce and limited primarily to small case series and case reports. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of transvaginal rigid-hybrid NOTES anterior resection (tvAR) for symptomatic @entity66 . METHODS: All female @entity1 presenting with symptomatic @entity4436 of the sigmoid colon were candidates for inclusion in the study. The exclusion criteria specified failure to sign informed consent, previous colorectal resection, anesthesiologic contraindication for @entity516 , @entity1578 and @entity1003 , severe acute @entity548 , internal fistula with @entity733 (Hinchey 2b), @entity4436 with @entity298 (Hinchey 3 or 4), gynecologic or urologic contraindications, and absence of preoperative gynecologic examination. A preoperative and 2-week postoperative gynecologic examination was performed. Quality of life and sexual function were assessed preoperatively and 6  weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Of 70 @entity1 , 45 (64.3%) were scheduled for tvAR. Five @entity1 were withdrawn at the beginning of laparoscopy with no transvaginal access performed. Of the remaining 40 @entity1 with attempted tvAR, 4 @entity1 underwent conversion to a minilaparotomy (Pfannenstiel incision) and 2 @entity1 were converted to a total median laparotomy. For 34 @entity1 (85%), the operation was completed transvaginally. @entity532 and 10 minor complications occurred. No serious postoperative gynecologic morbidity was experienced. At 6  weeks postoperatively, sexual function did not differ significantly from preoperative status. CONCLUSIONS: For symptomatic @entity66 , TvAR is feasible, although the presented technique requires laparoscopic expertise and further refinement.

title: Transvaginal rigid-hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery technique for anterior resection treatment of XXXX : a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular bleeding']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['A total of 2 major complications']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis', 'perforated diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: AIM: To analyze clinical manifestations, ictal, interictal and intraoperative EEG monitoring in @entity1 with medical treatment refractory temporal @entity302 successfully controlled surgically. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis, 33 @entity1 . Mean age: 36    11.40; number of monthly @entity410 : 9    14.23; mean duration of disease: 22 years; number of anti- @entity302 drugs: 3    0.93; average monitoring duration on Intensive Video-EEG Monitoring Unit: 6.42    3.61 days. Scalp EEG was recorded with surface electrodes placed according to the 10-20 international system. RESULTS: 158 @entity410 were recorded, most of them focal complex. 82% of @entity1 presented aura. Disturbances of consciousness appeared in 94.3%, being more precocious than the automatisms in the majority of the sample. The most frequent and precocious automatisms were oromandibular. Intercritical: epileptiform activity was observed in 87.9% of cases; sharp waves in 93.1%, increasing with @entity25 in 97%. Polyspikes during REM sleep in 21.2%. @entity302 in 21.1%. Ictal activity: changes on EEG activity was observed previous to clinical manifestation in more than 69%. Type of ictal onset: flattening (46%), rhythmic slow activity (41.7%). Ictal onset was focal in 48.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed knowledge of clinical and electrical manifestations of @entity1315 would allow a precocious diagnosis and a reduction of accessing time of these @entity1 to surgical treatment in case of pharmaco-resistance.

title: [Refractory temporal XXXX . An analysis of 33 cases submitted to surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Bilateral epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in @entity3083 and identify features that correlate with the neurologic status and outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis of @entity3083 with a high specificity and sensitivity. It allows demonstration of bony, soft tissue and neural pathology; however, the clinical correlation is not clear. METHODS: MRI scans of 82 consecutively managed @entity3083 @entity1 over a 4-year period were studied. Data including age, gender, @entity1 @entity465 virus status, neurologic status were reviewed. This was correlated with preoperative MRI findings including level of involvement, percentage of vertebral body destruction, kyphotic angle, soft tissue involvement, cord size, and cord signal changes. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of @entity1 presented in a nonambulatory state, 21% mild @entity51 , and 27% were intact. Of those with @entity51 , significant recovery occurred in 92%, with 74% improving from nonambulatory to ambulatory status. The @entity1 ambulant at presentation had a larger cord dimension than those who were not ambulatory. Cerebrospinal fluid persisting anterior to the cord at the apex of the deformity showed a trend to residual neurologic function. There was no significant correlation found between ambulatory status and the presence of an epidural abscess, kyphotic angle, or vertebral body destruction. There was no evidence of myelomalacia on the MRI scans, but cord signal changes on T2 images were present in 94% of @entity1 presenting with @entity51 . CONCLUSION: There is correlation between residual cord size, cerebrospinal fluid remaining anterior to the cord, presence of cord signal changes in the T2-weighted images, and @entity51 ; however, none were predictive of outcome. There was no significant correlation found between ambulatory status and the presence of an epidural abscess, kyphotic angle, or vertebral body destruction.

title: XXXX : magnetic resonance imaging and neurological impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['Spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: Injection of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) into the left atrium or ventricle activates a @entity101 chemoreflex. The primary purpose of our study was to determine the afferent pathway(s) that mediates this response. A secondary goal was to localize the receptive sites of this reflex. We measured changes in arterial pressure, reflex vascular responses in skeletal muscle and paw, and changes in renal nerve traffic that occurred after the left atrial or left ventricular injection of @entity750 . Injection of @entity750 (100 to 600 micrograms) into left atrium or ventricle produced large reflex increases in vascular resistance and sympathetic outflow. These responses were not reduced after bilateral cervical vagotomy. In separate experiments, @entity8 with left ventricular injection of @entity750 were assessed before and after cardiac sympathetic deafferentation. Interruption of cardiac sympathetic afferent pathways did not significantly attenuate @entity8 with @entity750 . Injection of @entity750 (300 micrograms) into the aortic root produced large increases in arterial pressure but this was not observed after injections into the vertebral or common carotid arteries or descending aorta. Injection of @entity750 (100 micrograms) into the left main coronary artery (perfused via a Gregg cannula from an external reservoir) resulted in a depressor reflex (Bezold-Jarisch). In contrast, injection of @entity750 (200 micrograms) into the left ventricle when the drug was prevented from reaching the left coronary artery produced a large pressor response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: In search of afferent pathways of a cardiogenic XXXX chemoreflex.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['increases in renal nerve traffic', 'increases in renal nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: 1 The effects of intracarotid (i.a.) injections of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity17376 (NaCN) on baroreceptor activity recorded from the sinus nerve have been investigated in @entity468 anaesthetized with @entity4485 .2 Two types of baroreceptor unit were recorded. The predominant type discharged at least 3 to 4 spikes per pulse wave at normal BP; they are referred to as ;polyspike' units and may have been associated with A fibres. The other type discharged a maximum of 1 to 3 spikes per pulse wave, even at high BP; they are referred to as ;few-spike' units and may have been from C fibres.3 NaCN had no direct effect on either type of baroreceptor unit, even when injected in high doses (2.04 to 5.1 mumol i.a.) which cause maximal chemoreceptor stimulation, and it is concluded that as far as the cat's carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are concerned, @entity8773 is a specific chemoreceptor stimulant.4 @entity1617 had no direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor units unless very high doses (1.83 mumol i.a.) were injected, when there was occasionally a transient slight increase in discharge. This effect appeared to be secondary to muscle contraction caused by @entity1617 since it was not seen when an adequate neuromuscular-blocking dose of @entity9563 had been administered.5 @entity1617 stimulated the few-spike type of baroreceptor unit, an effect which was dose-related and lasted for up to 3 s; the threshold dose for baroreceptor stimulation was higher than that needed to excite chemoreceptor units. The increased discharge also occurred during experiments in which @entity9563 had been administered. Only five of these units were recorded during the investigation, despite an intensive search for them.6 There was a delayed increase in baroreceptor sensitivity following the administration of @entity1617 in doses (37 to 366 nmol i.a.) which had no immediate direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor discharge. The effect was evidently not secondary to changes in sympathetic nerve activity to the sinus region since it was observed during an experiment in which the @entity129 had been cut. Whether the increased sensitivity resulted from direct or indirect actions of @entity1617 remains to be determined.7 It is concluded that low doses of @entity1617 or other drugs with nicotinic properties are unlikely to evoke baroreceptor reflexes on intracarotid injection, although they may cause delayed changes in baroreceptor sensitivity. Higher doses of @entity1617 do not directly affect baroreceptor polyspike (A fibre) units, but transient baroreflex changes might result from stimulation of baroreceptor few-spike (C fibre) units. It is most unlikely that NaCN has any direct effect on baroreceptor reflex activity when injected into the carotid artery in doses used to elicit chemoreceptor reflexes.

title: Effects of @entity934 and XXXX on cat carotid baroreceptors.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglomerular nerves']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine']

entities_list: @entity17376 :: ('MESH:D012966', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity17376 :: (MESH:D012966,Chemical) :: ['sodium cyanide']


abstract: 1 The effects of intracarotid (i.a.) injections of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity17376 (NaCN) on baroreceptor activity recorded from the sinus nerve have been investigated in @entity468 anaesthetized with @entity4485 .2 Two types of baroreceptor unit were recorded. The predominant type discharged at least 3 to 4 spikes per pulse wave at normal BP; they are referred to as ;polyspike' units and may have been associated with A fibres. The other type discharged a maximum of 1 to 3 spikes per pulse wave, even at high BP; they are referred to as ;few-spike' units and may have been from C fibres.3 NaCN had no direct effect on either type of baroreceptor unit, even when injected in high doses (2.04 to 5.1 mumol i.a.) which cause maximal chemoreceptor stimulation, and it is concluded that as far as the cat's carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are concerned, @entity8773 is a specific chemoreceptor stimulant.4 @entity1617 had no direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor units unless very high doses (1.83 mumol i.a.) were injected, when there was occasionally a transient slight increase in discharge. This effect appeared to be secondary to muscle contraction caused by @entity1617 since it was not seen when an adequate neuromuscular-blocking dose of @entity9563 had been administered.5 @entity1617 stimulated the few-spike type of baroreceptor unit, an effect which was dose-related and lasted for up to 3 s; the threshold dose for baroreceptor stimulation was higher than that needed to excite chemoreceptor units. The increased discharge also occurred during experiments in which @entity9563 had been administered. Only five of these units were recorded during the investigation, despite an intensive search for them.6 There was a delayed increase in baroreceptor sensitivity following the administration of @entity1617 in doses (37 to 366 nmol i.a.) which had no immediate direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor discharge. The effect was evidently not secondary to changes in sympathetic nerve activity to the sinus region since it was observed during an experiment in which the @entity129 had been cut. Whether the increased sensitivity resulted from direct or indirect actions of @entity1617 remains to be determined.7 It is concluded that low doses of @entity1617 or other drugs with nicotinic properties are unlikely to evoke baroreceptor reflexes on intracarotid injection, although they may cause delayed changes in baroreceptor sensitivity. Higher doses of @entity1617 do not directly affect baroreceptor polyspike (A fibre) units, but transient baroreflex changes might result from stimulation of baroreceptor few-spike (C fibre) units. It is most unlikely that NaCN has any direct effect on baroreceptor reflex activity when injected into the carotid artery in doses used to elicit chemoreceptor reflexes.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity17376 on cat carotid baroreceptors.

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: A 57-year-old @entity1 developed severe @entity662 radiating to the left arm accompanied by @entity10486 and marked diaphoresis. These symptoms appeared at rest, lasted 45 minutes, and terminated spontaneously. The @entity1 had been treated for mild @entity101 during the last 6 months. An ECG tracing obtained at the beginning of treatment was unremarkable. However, an ECG tracing recorded shortly after the end of the symptoms showed T-wave inversion in all anterior leads. Coronary arteriography was then performed and showed no fixed obstructive @entity453 . Nonetheless, a lengthened and constricted @entity296 of both the left anterior descending coronary artery and its major diagonal branch was detected. Also, the left anterior descending coronary artery was observed to be very short, terminating before the cardiac apex. The left ventricle was hypertrophied. The @entity1 was treated with a beta-blocking agent which eliminated all symptoms. An ECG tracing obtained about three months after the onset of the clinical picture was normal. Our findings suggest that marked @entity741 at rest does occur in @entity1 having myocardial bridges under special circumstances, such as lengthened and constricted @entity296 of a short coronary artery which supplies a hypertrophied ventricle. This @entity154 should be taken into account as a possible cause of a threatened @entity583 , which may be successfully treated with a beta-blocking agent.

title: XXXX of coronary arteries associated with an impending acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['substernal chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial bridging']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial bridging']


abstract: A 57-year-old @entity1 developed severe @entity662 radiating to the left arm accompanied by @entity10486 and marked diaphoresis. These symptoms appeared at rest, lasted 45 minutes, and terminated spontaneously. The @entity1 had been treated for mild @entity101 during the last 6 months. An ECG tracing obtained at the beginning of treatment was unremarkable. However, an ECG tracing recorded shortly after the end of the symptoms showed T-wave inversion in all anterior leads. Coronary arteriography was then performed and showed no fixed obstructive @entity453 . Nonetheless, a lengthened and constricted @entity296 of both the left anterior descending coronary artery and its major diagonal branch was detected. Also, the left anterior descending coronary artery was observed to be very short, terminating before the cardiac apex. The left ventricle was hypertrophied. The @entity1 was treated with a beta-blocking agent which eliminated all symptoms. An ECG tracing obtained about three months after the onset of the clinical picture was normal. Our findings suggest that marked @entity741 at rest does occur in @entity1 having myocardial bridges under special circumstances, such as lengthened and constricted @entity296 of a short coronary artery which supplies a hypertrophied ventricle. This @entity154 should be taken into account as a possible cause of a threatened @entity583 , which may be successfully treated with a beta-blocking agent.

title: @entity296 of coronary arteries associated with an impending acute XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The ultrastructure of the vesicle-containing axon profiles in the myenteric @entity21 of the @entity840 stomach was studied in specimens fixed by vascular perfusion and in specimens fixed by immersion in cold fixative after incubation in @entity18460 . Three major types of vesicle-containing axon profile were identified in the @entity21 : 1. Profiles containing numerous small, mainly shperical vesicles and only limited numbers of large dense-cored vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the small vesicles in these profiles were all clear. In specimens fixed by immersion after incubation in @entity18460 , the profiles could be divided into three types: a) profiles containing small clear vesicles; b) profiles containing small dense-cored vesicles; c) profiles in which the small vesicles contained a peripheral rim of dense material. In these profiles, large vesicles which contained dense cores were rare. The mean diameter of the vesicles in the profiles was also significantly higher than in the profiles containing small clear vesicles. 2. Profiles containing flattened membrane-bounded structures. Reconstructions prepared from serial sections suggested that these structures represented sections through networks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum-like tubules rather than flattened vesicles. 3. Profiles containing many large dense-cored vesicles and few small clear vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the diameter of the dense-cored vesicles in these profiles was significantly higher than in the type 1 profiles. Type 1a and type 1c profiles were much more numerous than either type 2 or type 3 profiles. and type 1b profiles were few. Synaptic juctions were found in association only with type 1a profiles. Type 1a and type 1b profiles resembled cholinergic and adrenergic axon terminals. The remaining profiles may represent the terminals of different forms of peptidergic axon or of other as yet unidentified types of axon.

title: Axonal terminal ultrastructure in the myenteric @entity21 of the XXXX stomach.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity18460 :: ('MESH:C027802', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: The ultrastructure of the vesicle-containing axon profiles in the myenteric @entity21 of the @entity840 stomach was studied in specimens fixed by vascular perfusion and in specimens fixed by immersion in cold fixative after incubation in @entity18460 . Three major types of vesicle-containing axon profile were identified in the @entity21 : 1. Profiles containing numerous small, mainly shperical vesicles and only limited numbers of large dense-cored vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the small vesicles in these profiles were all clear. In specimens fixed by immersion after incubation in @entity18460 , the profiles could be divided into three types: a) profiles containing small clear vesicles; b) profiles containing small dense-cored vesicles; c) profiles in which the small vesicles contained a peripheral rim of dense material. In these profiles, large vesicles which contained dense cores were rare. The mean diameter of the vesicles in the profiles was also significantly higher than in the profiles containing small clear vesicles. 2. Profiles containing flattened membrane-bounded structures. Reconstructions prepared from serial sections suggested that these structures represented sections through networks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum-like tubules rather than flattened vesicles. 3. Profiles containing many large dense-cored vesicles and few small clear vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the diameter of the dense-cored vesicles in these profiles was significantly higher than in the type 1 profiles. Type 1a and type 1c profiles were much more numerous than either type 2 or type 3 profiles. and type 1b profiles were few. Synaptic juctions were found in association only with type 1a profiles. Type 1a and type 1b profiles resembled cholinergic and adrenergic axon terminals. The remaining profiles may represent the terminals of different forms of peptidergic axon or of other as yet unidentified types of axon.

title: Axonal terminal ultrastructure in the myenteric XXXX of the @entity840 stomach.

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['ganglia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is an aggressive @entity5 that typically causes @entity204 due to local progression. To assess a novel low-dose radiotherapy regimen for treating @entity463 , we developed an orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity463 and evaluated in vivo treatment efficacy using micro-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) @entity5 imaging. METHODS: Orthotopic @entity463 xenografts were established in @entity19 and treated with standard 2-Gy fractionation or 10 0.2-Gy pulses with 3-min interpulse intervals, for 7 consecutive days, for a total dose of 14 Gy. @entity5 growth was quantified weekly using the Flex Triumph (GE Healthcare/Gamma Medica-Ideas, Waukesha, WI) combined PET-single-photon emission CT (SPECT)-CT imaging system and necropsy histopathology. Normal tissue damage was assessed by counting dead neural cells in tissue sections from irradiated fields. RESULTS: @entity5 engraftment efficiency for U87MG cells was 86%. Implanting 0.5 * 10(6) cells produced a 50- to 70-mm(3) @entity5 in 10 to 14 days. A significant correlation was seen between CT-derived @entity5 volume and histopathology-measured volume (p = 0.018). The low-dose 0.2-Gy pulsed regimen produced a significantly longer @entity5 growth delay than standard 2-Gy fractionation (p = 0.045). Less normal neuronal cell @entity204 was observed after the pulsed delivery method (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo @entity1313 imaging and longitudinal assessment of @entity5 growth and treatment response with microPET/CT. Pulsed radiation treatment was more efficacious than the standard fractionated treatment and was associated with less normal tissue damage.

title: MicroPET/CT imaging of an orthotopic model of @entity1 XXXX multiforme and evaluation of pulsed low-dose irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is an aggressive @entity5 that typically causes @entity204 due to local progression. To assess a novel low-dose radiotherapy regimen for treating @entity463 , we developed an orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity463 and evaluated in vivo treatment efficacy using micro-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) @entity5 imaging. METHODS: Orthotopic @entity463 xenografts were established in @entity19 and treated with standard 2-Gy fractionation or 10 0.2-Gy pulses with 3-min interpulse intervals, for 7 consecutive days, for a total dose of 14 Gy. @entity5 growth was quantified weekly using the Flex Triumph (GE Healthcare/Gamma Medica-Ideas, Waukesha, WI) combined PET-single-photon emission CT (SPECT)-CT imaging system and necropsy histopathology. Normal tissue damage was assessed by counting dead neural cells in tissue sections from irradiated fields. RESULTS: @entity5 engraftment efficiency for U87MG cells was 86%. Implanting 0.5 * 10(6) cells produced a 50- to 70-mm(3) @entity5 in 10 to 14 days. A significant correlation was seen between CT-derived @entity5 volume and histopathology-measured volume (p = 0.018). The low-dose 0.2-Gy pulsed regimen produced a significantly longer @entity5 growth delay than standard 2-Gy fractionation (p = 0.045). Less normal neuronal cell @entity204 was observed after the pulsed delivery method (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo @entity1313 imaging and longitudinal assessment of @entity5 growth and treatment response with microPET/CT. Pulsed radiation treatment was more efficacious than the standard fractionated treatment and was associated with less normal tissue damage.

title: MicroPET/CT imaging of an orthotopic model of XXXX @entity463 multiforme and evaluation of pulsed low-dose irradiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The action of @entity1808 on lung vessels was compared in @entity235 , @entity468 , ferrets and @entity35 using isolated perfused lungs and lobes of lungs perfused in vivo, both at constant flow, so that increases in inflow pressure at constant outflow pressure indicated increases in resistance. 2. @entity1808 caused some increases in resistance in @entity235 , @entity468 and @entity35 but not ferrets. The increases were small compared with changes in the systemic circulation. Larger increases could be obtained in isolated lungs where there was no interference from rises in left atrial pressure. 3. All four species showed pulmonary vasoconstriction during @entity519 and ferret lungs were especially responsive. Thus @entity1808 cannot be the mediator of @entity519 vasoconstriction in all these species. 4. @entity1808 significantly increased the response to @entity519 in isolated cat and @entity35 lungs while also increasing baseline inflow pressure; the response to @entity519 was not altered in ferrets. @entity1808 may therefore enhance reactivity of pulmonary vessels. 5. @entity1855 , an inhibitor of @entity460 transport across cell membranes, reduced the response to @entity519 in @entity35 and ferrets more than it reduced the response to @entity1808 in @entity35 or @entity3774 in ferrets. Thus @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction probably involves transport of @entity460 .

title: Angiotensin, XXXX , @entity1855 and pulmonary vessels.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II', 'angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: 1. The action of @entity1808 on lung vessels was compared in @entity235 , @entity468 , ferrets and @entity35 using isolated perfused lungs and lobes of lungs perfused in vivo, both at constant flow, so that increases in inflow pressure at constant outflow pressure indicated increases in resistance. 2. @entity1808 caused some increases in resistance in @entity235 , @entity468 and @entity35 but not ferrets. The increases were small compared with changes in the systemic circulation. Larger increases could be obtained in isolated lungs where there was no interference from rises in left atrial pressure. 3. All four species showed pulmonary vasoconstriction during @entity519 and ferret lungs were especially responsive. Thus @entity1808 cannot be the mediator of @entity519 vasoconstriction in all these species. 4. @entity1808 significantly increased the response to @entity519 in isolated cat and @entity35 lungs while also increasing baseline inflow pressure; the response to @entity519 was not altered in ferrets. @entity1808 may therefore enhance reactivity of pulmonary vessels. 5. @entity1855 , an inhibitor of @entity460 transport across cell membranes, reduced the response to @entity519 in @entity35 and ferrets more than it reduced the response to @entity1808 in @entity35 or @entity3774 in ferrets. Thus @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction probably involves transport of @entity460 .

title: Angiotensin, @entity519 , XXXX and pulmonary vessels.

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: Thirty-eight cases of @entity356 in @entity1 35-years-old and younger, occurring in the period 1948 to 1983, are reviewed. They comprised 2.2% of 1710 cases in all ages for the same 35 year period at the Charity Hospital. @entity1 were afflicted as commonly as @entity1 . Blacks outnumbered whites 2.9:1.0. Obstruction, @entity158 , and weight loss of relatively short duration were prominent symptoms. @entity5 tended to be located distally in the stomach, and scirrhous in appearance. Histologically, @entity66 were more common than intestinal or other @entity5 . Radiographic evidence of disease was usually present in @entity1 undergoing upper gastrointestinal series. Endoscopy with biopsy was a valuable diagnostic tool. Resectability in this group was not less than that achieved for all ages, however, only one @entity1 has survived for five years. @entity5 predominated and were associated with poor survival. Earlier stage lesions in this age group appear to bear a more favorable prognosis.

title: XXXX in the young.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse type lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type tumors', 'Tumors', 'Advanced stage lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric carcinoma']


abstract: The expression of @entity6910 (H) and @entity27821 antigens on 68 @entity14 from 63 @entity1 was studied by immunohistochemical staining of tissue specimens. The pattern of antigen expression was as follows: @entity20604 was expressed in normal tissue only in secretors and was expressed in the proximal but not distal colon. In @entity5 , there was net loss of @entity20604 expression in the proximal and net gain in the distal colon. Some nonsecretor @entity5 tissue expressed @entity20604 . Lewis expression was similar to but less strong than @entity20604 . Its expression occurred only in secretors and in normal epithelium only in the proximal colon. In @entity5 there was net loss of antigen expression proximally and net gain in the distal colon. There was no expression of Lewisb in @entity5 of nonsecretors. Lewisa antigen was expressed throughout the normal colon in secretors and nonsecretors with no discernible difference between proximal and distal colon. In @entity5 , net loss of expression of Lewisa occurred throughout the colon. No inappropriate blood group expression was observed in this study. With few exceptions, H expression paralleled expression of A and B in non-0 @entity1 . @entity3 antigen expression was similar to that of the primary in most cases. Alterations in antigen expression were not clinically or histologically distinctive.

title: @entity20604 and @entity27821 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity27821 :: ('2525', 'Gene') :: ['Lewis blood group']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: The expression of @entity6910 (H) and @entity27821 antigens on 68 @entity14 from 63 @entity1 was studied by immunohistochemical staining of tissue specimens. The pattern of antigen expression was as follows: @entity20604 was expressed in normal tissue only in secretors and was expressed in the proximal but not distal colon. In @entity5 , there was net loss of @entity20604 expression in the proximal and net gain in the distal colon. Some nonsecretor @entity5 tissue expressed @entity20604 . Lewis expression was similar to but less strong than @entity20604 . Its expression occurred only in secretors and in normal epithelium only in the proximal colon. In @entity5 there was net loss of antigen expression proximally and net gain in the distal colon. There was no expression of Lewisb in @entity5 of nonsecretors. Lewisa antigen was expressed throughout the normal colon in secretors and nonsecretors with no discernible difference between proximal and distal colon. In @entity5 , net loss of expression of Lewisa occurred throughout the colon. No inappropriate blood group expression was observed in this study. With few exceptions, H expression paralleled expression of A and B in non-0 @entity1 . @entity3 antigen expression was similar to that of the primary in most cases. Alterations in antigen expression were not clinically or histologically distinctive.

title: @entity20604 and XXXX expression in @entity14 .

answer: @entity27821 :: (2525,Gene) :: ['Lewis blood group']


abstract: The expression of @entity6910 (H) and @entity27821 antigens on 68 @entity14 from 63 @entity1 was studied by immunohistochemical staining of tissue specimens. The pattern of antigen expression was as follows: @entity20604 was expressed in normal tissue only in secretors and was expressed in the proximal but not distal colon. In @entity5 , there was net loss of @entity20604 expression in the proximal and net gain in the distal colon. Some nonsecretor @entity5 tissue expressed @entity20604 . Lewis expression was similar to but less strong than @entity20604 . Its expression occurred only in secretors and in normal epithelium only in the proximal colon. In @entity5 there was net loss of antigen expression proximally and net gain in the distal colon. There was no expression of Lewisb in @entity5 of nonsecretors. Lewisa antigen was expressed throughout the normal colon in secretors and nonsecretors with no discernible difference between proximal and distal colon. In @entity5 , net loss of expression of Lewisa occurred throughout the colon. No inappropriate blood group expression was observed in this study. With few exceptions, H expression paralleled expression of A and B in non-0 @entity1 . @entity3 antigen expression was similar to that of the primary in most cases. Alterations in antigen expression were not clinically or histologically distinctive.

title: XXXX and @entity27821 expression in @entity14 .

answer: @entity20604 :: (8846,Gene) :: ['ABH']


abstract: The presence of @entity172 -independent @entity1420 receptors ( @entity7273 ) was demonstrated in a subline of a @entity1 @entity1204 cell line, Ishikawa cells, although the original Ishikawa cells contained @entity172 -inducible @entity7273 . Scatchard plot analysis of cytoplasmic binding data in our subline (IK-90) revealed a high affinity binding site for @entity18074 (Kd, 1.0 nM) with maximum binding sites of 158 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments showed a binding specificity similar to that of typical @entity7273 . By low-salt @entity969 gradient centrifugation, radioactive 8S and 4S peaks were found. The addition of 1 microM @entity1420 in culture medium resulted in a rapid nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic @entity7273 . In contrast to the original cells, @entity172 receptors could not be detected in IK-90 cells, and an addition of @entity53 (10 nM) to culture medium failed to increase @entity7273 . Accumulation of glycogen in cytoplasm of IK-90 cells in response to @entity18074 (0.1-1 microM) was observed by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The addition of @entity18074 to culture medium (0.1-1 microM) also caused a marked decrease in the growth of IK-90 cells, whereas the other @entity230 including @entity53 , @entity440 , @entity251 , and @entity701 had no significant effects. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of a progestin-responsive @entity1 @entity1204 cell line that contains @entity172 -independent functional @entity7273 . IK-90 cells appear to be an ideal model for studying the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of progestin on @entity1204 cells.

title: Growth inhibition by progestins in a @entity1 @entity1204 cell line with XXXX -independent @entity1420 receptors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The presence of @entity172 -independent @entity1420 receptors ( @entity7273 ) was demonstrated in a subline of a @entity1 @entity1204 cell line, Ishikawa cells, although the original Ishikawa cells contained @entity172 -inducible @entity7273 . Scatchard plot analysis of cytoplasmic binding data in our subline (IK-90) revealed a high affinity binding site for @entity18074 (Kd, 1.0 nM) with maximum binding sites of 158 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments showed a binding specificity similar to that of typical @entity7273 . By low-salt @entity969 gradient centrifugation, radioactive 8S and 4S peaks were found. The addition of 1 microM @entity1420 in culture medium resulted in a rapid nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic @entity7273 . In contrast to the original cells, @entity172 receptors could not be detected in IK-90 cells, and an addition of @entity53 (10 nM) to culture medium failed to increase @entity7273 . Accumulation of glycogen in cytoplasm of IK-90 cells in response to @entity18074 (0.1-1 microM) was observed by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The addition of @entity18074 to culture medium (0.1-1 microM) also caused a marked decrease in the growth of IK-90 cells, whereas the other @entity230 including @entity53 , @entity440 , @entity251 , and @entity701 had no significant effects. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of a progestin-responsive @entity1 @entity1204 cell line that contains @entity172 -independent functional @entity7273 . IK-90 cells appear to be an ideal model for studying the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of progestin on @entity1204 cells.

title: Growth inhibition by progestins in a @entity1 @entity1204 cell line with @entity172 -independent XXXX receptors.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: The presence of @entity172 -independent @entity1420 receptors ( @entity7273 ) was demonstrated in a subline of a @entity1 @entity1204 cell line, Ishikawa cells, although the original Ishikawa cells contained @entity172 -inducible @entity7273 . Scatchard plot analysis of cytoplasmic binding data in our subline (IK-90) revealed a high affinity binding site for @entity18074 (Kd, 1.0 nM) with maximum binding sites of 158 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments showed a binding specificity similar to that of typical @entity7273 . By low-salt @entity969 gradient centrifugation, radioactive 8S and 4S peaks were found. The addition of 1 microM @entity1420 in culture medium resulted in a rapid nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic @entity7273 . In contrast to the original cells, @entity172 receptors could not be detected in IK-90 cells, and an addition of @entity53 (10 nM) to culture medium failed to increase @entity7273 . Accumulation of glycogen in cytoplasm of IK-90 cells in response to @entity18074 (0.1-1 microM) was observed by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The addition of @entity18074 to culture medium (0.1-1 microM) also caused a marked decrease in the growth of IK-90 cells, whereas the other @entity230 including @entity53 , @entity440 , @entity251 , and @entity701 had no significant effects. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of a progestin-responsive @entity1 @entity1204 cell line that contains @entity172 -independent functional @entity7273 . IK-90 cells appear to be an ideal model for studying the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of progestin on @entity1204 cells.

title: Growth inhibition by progestins in a @entity1 XXXX cell line with @entity172 -independent @entity1420 receptors.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The presence of @entity172 -independent @entity1420 receptors ( @entity7273 ) was demonstrated in a subline of a @entity1 @entity1204 cell line, Ishikawa cells, although the original Ishikawa cells contained @entity172 -inducible @entity7273 . Scatchard plot analysis of cytoplasmic binding data in our subline (IK-90) revealed a high affinity binding site for @entity18074 (Kd, 1.0 nM) with maximum binding sites of 158 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments showed a binding specificity similar to that of typical @entity7273 . By low-salt @entity969 gradient centrifugation, radioactive 8S and 4S peaks were found. The addition of 1 microM @entity1420 in culture medium resulted in a rapid nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic @entity7273 . In contrast to the original cells, @entity172 receptors could not be detected in IK-90 cells, and an addition of @entity53 (10 nM) to culture medium failed to increase @entity7273 . Accumulation of glycogen in cytoplasm of IK-90 cells in response to @entity18074 (0.1-1 microM) was observed by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The addition of @entity18074 to culture medium (0.1-1 microM) also caused a marked decrease in the growth of IK-90 cells, whereas the other @entity230 including @entity53 , @entity440 , @entity251 , and @entity701 had no significant effects. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of a progestin-responsive @entity1 @entity1204 cell line that contains @entity172 -independent functional @entity7273 . IK-90 cells appear to be an ideal model for studying the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of progestin on @entity1204 cells.

title: Growth inhibition by progestins in a XXXX @entity1204 cell line with @entity172 -independent @entity1420 receptors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the good prognosis of @entity8831 ( @entity8831 ), some @entity1 have persisting symptoms of various character and duration post-treatment. Several factors may affect the clinical outcome of @entity8831 , e.g. the early interaction between Borrelia ( @entity2069 and the host immune response, the B. burgdorferi genotype, antibiotic treatment as well as other clinical circumstances. Our study was designed to determine whether early cytokine expression in the skin and in peripheral blood in @entity1 with @entity8831 is associated with the clinical outcome. METHODS: A prospective follow-up study of 109 @entity1 with @entity8831 was conducted at the   land Islands, Finland. Symptoms were evaluated at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-treatment. Skin biopsies from the @entity8831 and healthy skin were immunohistochemically analysed for expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12p70 and interferon (IFN)-y, as well as for @entity2069 DNA. Blood samples were analysed for B. burgdorferi antibodies, allergic predisposition and levels of systemic cytokines. FINDINGS: None of the @entity1 developed late manifestations of @entity3001 . However, at the 6-month follow-up, 7 of 88 @entity1 reported persisting symptoms of diverse character. Compared to asymptomatic @entity1 , these 7 @entity1 showed decreased expression of the @entity1198 -associated cytokine IFN-y in the @entity8831 biopsies (p=0.003). @entity21786 DNA was found in 48%, @entity25974 in 15% and @entity2069 in 1% of the @entity8831 biopsies, and species distribution was the same in @entity1 with and without post-treatment symptoms. The two groups did not differ regarding baseline @entity1 characteristics, B. burgdorferi antibodies, allergic predisposition or systemic cytokine levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with persisting symptoms following an @entity8831 show a decreased @entity1198 -type inflammatory response in infected skin early during the infection, which might reflect a dysregulation of the early immune response. This finding supports the importance of an early, local @entity1198 -type response for optimal resolution of LB.

title: Decreased @entity1198 -type inflammatory cytokine expression in the skin is associated with persisting symptoms after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi sensu stricto', 'B. burgdorferi', 'B.) burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['EM', 'erythema migrans']

answer: @entity8831 :: (MESH:C538499,Disease) :: ['erythema migrans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the good prognosis of @entity8831 ( @entity8831 ), some @entity1 have persisting symptoms of various character and duration post-treatment. Several factors may affect the clinical outcome of @entity8831 , e.g. the early interaction between Borrelia ( @entity2069 and the host immune response, the B. burgdorferi genotype, antibiotic treatment as well as other clinical circumstances. Our study was designed to determine whether early cytokine expression in the skin and in peripheral blood in @entity1 with @entity8831 is associated with the clinical outcome. METHODS: A prospective follow-up study of 109 @entity1 with @entity8831 was conducted at the   land Islands, Finland. Symptoms were evaluated at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-treatment. Skin biopsies from the @entity8831 and healthy skin were immunohistochemically analysed for expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12p70 and interferon (IFN)-y, as well as for @entity2069 DNA. Blood samples were analysed for B. burgdorferi antibodies, allergic predisposition and levels of systemic cytokines. FINDINGS: None of the @entity1 developed late manifestations of @entity3001 . However, at the 6-month follow-up, 7 of 88 @entity1 reported persisting symptoms of diverse character. Compared to asymptomatic @entity1 , these 7 @entity1 showed decreased expression of the @entity1198 -associated cytokine IFN-y in the @entity8831 biopsies (p=0.003). @entity21786 DNA was found in 48%, @entity25974 in 15% and @entity2069 in 1% of the @entity8831 biopsies, and species distribution was the same in @entity1 with and without post-treatment symptoms. The two groups did not differ regarding baseline @entity1 characteristics, B. burgdorferi antibodies, allergic predisposition or systemic cytokine levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with persisting symptoms following an @entity8831 show a decreased @entity1198 -type inflammatory response in infected skin early during the infection, which might reflect a dysregulation of the early immune response. This finding supports the importance of an early, local @entity1198 -type response for optimal resolution of LB.

title: Decreased XXXX -type inflammatory cytokine expression in the skin is associated with persisting symptoms after treatment of @entity8831 .

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle appears to be increasing in athletes. However, the optimal treatment strategy has not yet been established. OBJECTIVES: To compare the isokinetic shoulder performance after surgical treatment to that after non-surgical treatment for pectoralis major @entity121 . METHODS: We assessed 33 pectoralis major @entity121 (18 treated non-surgically and 15 treated surgically). Horizontal abduction and adduction as well as external and internal rotation at 60 and 120 degrees/s were tested in both upper limbs. Peak torque, total work, @entity717 , and the peak torque agonist-to-antagonist ratio were measured. RESULTS: @entity3986 did not differ between the surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities. However, the surgical group presented twice the number of athletes with clinically acceptable @entity717 (<20%) for internal rotators compared to the non-surgical group. The peak torque ratio between the external and internal rotator muscles revealed a similar @entity717 in both groups and on both sides (surgical, 61.60% and 57.80% and non-surgical, 62.06% and 54.06%, for the dominant and non-dominant sides, respectively). The peak torque ratio revealed that the horizontal adduction muscles on the injured side showed similar weakness in both groups (surgical, 86.27%; non-surgical, 98.61%). CONCLUSIONS: This study included the largest single series of athletes reported to date for this @entity130 . A comparative analysis of muscular strength and balance showed no differences between the treatment modalities for pectoralis major @entity121 . However, the number of significant @entity922 was lower in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group, and both treatment modalities require greater attention to the rehabilitation process, especially for the recovery of muscle strength and balance.

title: Isokinetic muscle assessment after treatment of pectoralis major XXXX using surgical or non-surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['Contralateral muscular deficiency']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['deficit of the external rotation', 'contralateral deficiency']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rupture', 'muscle ruptures']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical deficiencies']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle rupture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous clinical observations suggested that coffee may have beneficial effects on the liver. In fact, an inverse relationship between coffee consumption and @entity1575 has been reported in @entity1 . However, the causative role of coffee has not been established; therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effect of coffee in an experimental model of @entity409 . METHODS: In this work, @entity82 was induced by chronic @entity40656 administration and soluble or grain coffee (SC, GC, respectively) were co-administered for 8  weeks. RESULTS: @entity40656 administration elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and @entity3929 aminotranspherase, liver lipid peroxidation, collagen content (fourfold) and @entity1810 mRNA, and protein levels; depleted liver glycogen and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) content. Coffee prevented most of the changes produced by @entity40656 . Histopathological analysis was in agreement with biochemical and molecular data. The best effect was produced by GC. It is worth noting that GC preserved the normal collagen content as well as the normal @entity1810 mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest (1) that coffee plays a causative role in preventing @entity82 (at least experimental @entity82 ); (2) that action mechanisms are probably associated with down regulation of the profibrogenic cytokine @entity1810 and to its antioxidant properties and, (3) that GC is more potent than SC. These findings suggest a beneficial effect of coffee on the liver. However, more clinical and basic studies must be performed before reaching a final recommendation.

title: Coffee prevents XXXX -induced @entity1575 in the rat.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity40656 :: (D002251,Chemical) :: ['CCl(4)']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous clinical observations suggested that coffee may have beneficial effects on the liver. In fact, an inverse relationship between coffee consumption and @entity1575 has been reported in @entity1 . However, the causative role of coffee has not been established; therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effect of coffee in an experimental model of @entity409 . METHODS: In this work, @entity82 was induced by chronic @entity40656 administration and soluble or grain coffee (SC, GC, respectively) were co-administered for 8  weeks. RESULTS: @entity40656 administration elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and @entity3929 aminotranspherase, liver lipid peroxidation, collagen content (fourfold) and @entity1810 mRNA, and protein levels; depleted liver glycogen and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) content. Coffee prevented most of the changes produced by @entity40656 . Histopathological analysis was in agreement with biochemical and molecular data. The best effect was produced by GC. It is worth noting that GC preserved the normal collagen content as well as the normal @entity1810 mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest (1) that coffee plays a causative role in preventing @entity82 (at least experimental @entity82 ); (2) that action mechanisms are probably associated with down regulation of the profibrogenic cytokine @entity1810 and to its antioxidant properties and, (3) that GC is more potent than SC. These findings suggest a beneficial effect of coffee on the liver. However, more clinical and basic studies must be performed before reaching a final recommendation.

title: Coffee prevents @entity40656 -induced XXXX in the rat.

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']