abstract: The goal of our study was to determine the extent of changes in frequency tuning in the auditory cortex over weeks. The subjects were awake adult male @entity840 (n = 8) bearing electrodes chronically implanted in layers IV-VI of primary auditory cortex. Tuning was determined by presenting sequences of pure tone bursts (approximately 0.97-41.97 kHz, -20 to 80 dB, 100-ms tone duration, 5-ms rise-fall, 800-ms intertone intervals, 1.5-s intersequence interval) either in 0.5-octave steps (n = 5, 14 probes) or 0.25-octave steps (n = 3, 9 probes) delivered to the ear contralateral to recording sites. Tuning curves were determined for local field potentials (LFPs), which were tuned to frequency (negative potential, latency to peak 15-20 ms), repeatedly for up to 27 days (0.5 octave) or 12 days (0.25 octave). @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), best frequency at 10 and 30 dB above absolute threshold (BF10, BF30), threshold (TH), and bandwidth (10 dB above threshold; BW) were measured. Absolute amplitude often decreased across weeks, necessitating normalization of amplitude. However, there were no significant trends in tuning over days for @entity2198 , BF10, or BF30 for either the half- or the quarter-octave group. Both groups exhibited random daily variations in frequency tuning, the quarter-octave group revealing larger variations averaging 0.228, 0.211, and 0.250 octave for @entity2198 , BF10, and BF30, respectively. Therefore, frequency tuning in waking animals does not exhibit directional drift over very long periods of time. However, daily tuning variations on the order of 0.20-0.25 octave indicate that the peaks of tuning curves ( @entity2198 , BF) represent a preferred frequency range rather than a fixed frequency.

title: Long-term frequency tuning of local field potentials in the auditory cortex of the waking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['Characteristic frequency', 'CF']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Conduction @entity2026 is usually described as a @entity73 . Semiology or pathophysiology cannot be explained with this definition. We report a single case particularly demonstrative. The @entity1 showed spontaneous speech, denomination, repetition and @entity73 . Main errors were phonemic paraphasia. No arthric @entity73 was observed. Damage of supramarginalis gyrus and @entity244 was found. A cognitive analysis suggested that the phonological buffer and the working memory were impaired. Implication for rehabilitation, which included segmentation and semantisation associated to phonological training, is discussed. The course of the conduction @entity2026 was good and the @entity1 was able to work again.

title: [Conduction XXXX and phonemic disorder].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['disorder nor comprehension impairment', 'repetition impairment', 'reading impairments']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's area"]

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: The incidence of @entity717 increases in the elderly population. Disability can affect elderly @entity1 's ability to maintain oral health, maintain access to dental care, and accept dental treatment. The oral health of @entity227 @entity1 can be disadvantaged, since they are not in a position to detect and recognize early @entity66 and may be unable to take immediate action unless informed of the situation. The aim of this pilot study was to identify the problems experienced by a @entity227 elderly population regarding the maintenance of oral health and the need to seek treatment. Sixty-two legally blind @entity1 underwent a structured interview and a clinical dental examination. Data are presented descriptively. All the @entity1 would be potentially able to maintain their own adequate oral health level if given the appropriate stimulus. At the time of the study, 53% brushed their own teeth, 39% of whom brushed daily. Of the denture wearers, 58% cleaned them at least once a week. Most of the @entity1 were independent. Eighty-two percent believed that they did not need help to brush their teeth or dentures, even though 85% had never been shown how to brush their teeth. Eighty percent of @entity1 did not realize that regular oral reviews were necessary. Other barriers to regular care included poor health, mobility problems, cost, and fear. Twenty-one percent of the sample had toothache or a denture problem. The professionally assessed treatment need was high in the dentate group, and 32% of denture wearers had denture-related pathology. The professionally assessed treatment need was greater than the @entity227 @entity1 's perceived need for care. The majority of @entity227 elderly were capable of maintaining a reasonable level of oral hygiene by themselves and were aware of their own dental needs but either had no reason to seek care or were unable to access oral health care services. It is important for @entity227 @entity1 to realize that they need supervision to maintain good oral hygiene standards and to ensure the early identification of oral pathology. Also, the barriers to access to oral health services need to be reduced.

title: The implications of XXXX in an elderly population in recognizing @entity66 and maintaining oral health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and disability']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: The incidence of @entity717 increases in the elderly population. Disability can affect elderly @entity1 's ability to maintain oral health, maintain access to dental care, and accept dental treatment. The oral health of @entity227 @entity1 can be disadvantaged, since they are not in a position to detect and recognize early @entity66 and may be unable to take immediate action unless informed of the situation. The aim of this pilot study was to identify the problems experienced by a @entity227 elderly population regarding the maintenance of oral health and the need to seek treatment. Sixty-two legally blind @entity1 underwent a structured interview and a clinical dental examination. Data are presented descriptively. All the @entity1 would be potentially able to maintain their own adequate oral health level if given the appropriate stimulus. At the time of the study, 53% brushed their own teeth, 39% of whom brushed daily. Of the denture wearers, 58% cleaned them at least once a week. Most of the @entity1 were independent. Eighty-two percent believed that they did not need help to brush their teeth or dentures, even though 85% had never been shown how to brush their teeth. Eighty percent of @entity1 did not realize that regular oral reviews were necessary. Other barriers to regular care included poor health, mobility problems, cost, and fear. Twenty-one percent of the sample had toothache or a denture problem. The professionally assessed treatment need was high in the dentate group, and 32% of denture wearers had denture-related pathology. The professionally assessed treatment need was greater than the @entity227 @entity1 's perceived need for care. The majority of @entity227 elderly were capable of maintaining a reasonable level of oral hygiene by themselves and were aware of their own dental needs but either had no reason to seek care or were unable to access oral health care services. It is important for @entity227 @entity1 to realize that they need supervision to maintain good oral hygiene standards and to ensure the early identification of oral pathology. Also, the barriers to access to oral health services need to be reduced.

title: The implications of @entity227 in an elderly population in recognizing XXXX and maintaining oral health.

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['oral disease']


abstract: The @entity5342 is a rare @entity74 characterized by @entity709 , @entity957 . According to a new classification recently proposed by Stevens and colleagues, the syndrome can also be classified as @entity709 . We report a family from the Black Forest region of Germany afflicted with the syndrome. The family was traced through five generation. 27 of 46 family members showed tylotic skin changes. In addition, 8 @entity1 showed @entity8407 and 5 died from @entity957 of the esophagus. Using screening examinations, early changes of the esophageal mucosa could be detected. The responsible gene has been mapped in the family. It is located at 17q23-qter, telomeric to the keratin II gene cluster. Therefore a defect in one of the well known keratin genes can be excluded as a cause of the syndrome.

title: [The XXXX . Observations in one family over 5 generations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity5342 :: ('MESH:C536164', 'Disease') :: ['Clarke-Howel-Evans-McConnell syndrome']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and oral leukoplakia', 'squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasia type III', 'palmoplantar keratoses']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

answer: @entity5342 :: (MESH:C536164,Disease) :: ['Clark-Howel-Evans-McConnell syndrome']


abstract: Application of @entity2227 to skin evokes @entity158 [S.M. Carlton, G.L. Hargett, R.E. Coggeshall, Localization and activation of @entity2227 receptors in unmyelinated axons of @entity35 glabrous skin, Neurosci. Lett., 197 (1995) 25-28; D.L. Jackson, C.B. Graff, J.D. Richardson, K.M. Hargreaves, @entity2227 participates in the peripheral modulation of thermal @entity1931 in @entity35 , Eur. J. Pharmacol., 284 (1995) 321-325.] and peripherally-administered @entity2227 antagonists can prevent the nociception produced by @entity32 [E.M. Davidson, R.E. Coggeshall, S.M. Carlton, Peripheral @entity143 and non-NMDA @entity2227 receptors contribute to nociceptive behaviors in the @entity35 @entity406 test, NeuroReport, 8 (1997) 941-946; Jackson et al., 1995.] In this study, the concentrations of @entity2227 and @entity492 in the plantar of the @entity35 hindpaws were measured before and after the subcutaneous administration of @entity406 . Increases in @entity2227 and @entity492 concentrations were observed on the ipsilateral side, but not on the contralateral side, to the injection. This shows that nociception and @entity32 caused by @entity406 injection induces the release of peripheral @entity2227 and @entity492 , which would contribute to nociception and @entity158 .

title: XXXX -induced release of excitatory amino acids in the skin of the @entity35 hindpaw.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain-related behaviors']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['Formalin']


abstract: Application of @entity2227 to skin evokes @entity158 [S.M. Carlton, G.L. Hargett, R.E. Coggeshall, Localization and activation of @entity2227 receptors in unmyelinated axons of @entity35 glabrous skin, Neurosci. Lett., 197 (1995) 25-28; D.L. Jackson, C.B. Graff, J.D. Richardson, K.M. Hargreaves, @entity2227 participates in the peripheral modulation of thermal @entity1931 in @entity35 , Eur. J. Pharmacol., 284 (1995) 321-325.] and peripherally-administered @entity2227 antagonists can prevent the nociception produced by @entity32 [E.M. Davidson, R.E. Coggeshall, S.M. Carlton, Peripheral @entity143 and non-NMDA @entity2227 receptors contribute to nociceptive behaviors in the @entity35 @entity406 test, NeuroReport, 8 (1997) 941-946; Jackson et al., 1995.] In this study, the concentrations of @entity2227 and @entity492 in the plantar of the @entity35 hindpaws were measured before and after the subcutaneous administration of @entity406 . Increases in @entity2227 and @entity492 concentrations were observed on the ipsilateral side, but not on the contralateral side, to the injection. This shows that nociception and @entity32 caused by @entity406 injection induces the release of peripheral @entity2227 and @entity492 , which would contribute to nociception and @entity158 .

title: @entity406 -induced release of excitatory amino acids in the skin of the XXXX hindpaw.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. CPI-17 has recently been identified as a novel protein in vascular smooth muscle. In vitro , its phosphorylation and thiophosphorylation by @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) specifically inhibits the type 1 class of protein phosphatases, including myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase. 2. Both of the phosphorylated CPI-17 states dose-dependently potentiated submaximal contractions at constant [ @entity141 ] in beta-escin-permeabilized and Triton X-100-demembranated arterial smooth muscle, but produced no effect in intact and less intensely permeabilized (alpha-toxin) tissue. Thiophosphorylated CPI-17 (tp-CPI) induced large contractions even under @entity141 -free conditions and decreased @entity141 EC50 by more than an order of magnitude. Unphosphorylated CPI-17 produced minimal but significant effects. 3. tp-CPI substantially increased the steady-state MLC phosphorylation to @entity141 ratios in beta-escin preparations. 4. tp-CPI affected the kinetics of contraction and relaxation and of MLC phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in such a manner that indicates its major physiological effect is to inhibit MLC phosphatase. 5. Results from use of specific inhibitors in concurrence with tp-CPI repudiate the involvement of general G proteins, @entity11613 or @entity7131 itself in the @entity141 sensitization by tp-CPI. 6. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of CPI-17 by @entity7131 stimulates binding of CPI-17 to and subsequent inhibition of MLC phosphatase. This implies that CPI-17 accounts largely for the heretofore unknown signalling pathway between @entity7131 and inhibited MLC phosphatase.

title: Possible involvement of the novel CPI-17 protein in XXXX signal transduction of rabbit arterial smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['protein kinase C']


abstract: 1. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines are produced in skeletal muscle in response to prolonged intense exercise. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected from runners before, immediately after, and 2 h after a marathon race. 2. The concentration of @entity650 protein in plasma increased from 1.5 +/- 0.7 to 94.4 +/- 12.6 pg ml-1 immediately post-exercise and to 22.1 +/- 3.8 pg ml-1 2 h post-exercise. @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) protein in plasma increased from 123 +/- 23 to 2795 +/- 551 pg ml-1, and increased further to 4119 +/- 527 pg ml-1 2 h post-exercise. 3. The comparative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to evaluate mRNA for @entity650 , @entity1193 , @entity1356 and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 in skeletal muscle and blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) (n = 8). Before exercise, mRNA for @entity650 could not be detected either in muscle or in BMNC, and was only detectable in muscle biopsies (5 out of 8) after exercise. Increased amounts of mRNA for @entity1193 were found in two muscle biopsies and five BMNC samples, and increased amounts of @entity1356 mRNA were found in one muscle and four BMNC samples after exercise. @entity310 mRNA was not detected in any samples. 4. This study suggests that exercise-induced destruction of muscle fibres in skeletal muscles may trigger local production of @entity650 , which stimulates the production of @entity1193 from circulating BMNC.

title: Evidence that XXXX is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To reduce @entity532 , we developed a new technique of catheter implantation, combining a presternal catheter with the Moncrief technique. METHODS: The presternal catheter, consisting of 2 catheters joined by a @entity702 extender, was surgically implanted. Its end was left embedded in the presternal wall. A few weeks after implantation, the embedded subcutaneous catheter was exteriorized, exiting in the 4th intercostal space, and @entity298 ( @entity298 ) was commenced. RESULTS: Using the new technique, 9 catheters were implanted (3 in @entity1 and 6 in @entity1 ). Exteriorization was performed 30.6 +/- 14.3 days after implantation of the catheter. Total observation period was 70 @entity1 -months. Average hospitalization was 4.4 +/- 1.3 days for catheter implantation, and 2.6 +/- 2.6 days for exteriorization. Peritoneal dialysis commenced on the day of exteriorization with an exchange volume of 1.8 +/- 0.3 L, using 4 exchanges daily. During the observation period, none of the @entity1 experienced a @entity1212 or dialysate leak. One non infectious complication was observed (a catheter wrapped in omentum). CONCLUSIONS: Our approach of combining a presternal catheter and the Moncrief technique had some advantages not only in regard to @entity1212 and dialysate leakage, but also in regard to quality of life and hospitalization for the @entity1 .

title: Implantation of presternal catheter using Moncrief technique: aiming for fewer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infection']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related complications']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['catheter-related complications']


abstract: @entity9556 is widely endemic in Asia. @entity1 's behaviour and climatic changes greatly influenced the occurrence of the disease. Increasing prevalences of @entity9556 have been reported from some Asian countries and may coincide with the widespread use of @entity3405 antibiotics or to improve diagnostic facilities and/or more urbanisation into rural areas. Many cases acquired in Asia surfaced in Europe and America. The disease probably is overlooked among paediatric @entity1 . Most @entity1 with @entity9556 present with acute fever of unknown origin (acute FUO). Eschars are rare among Southeast Asian @entity1 . Complications usually develop after the first week of illness. The complications include @entity55 , @entity5422 , @entity177 and @entity1087 . Improved serologic and molecular diagnostic tests are now available. Although drug-resistant strain of @entity9557 has been reported, the infection usually responds to simple but unpopular drugs such as @entity3403 or @entity2755 .

title: XXXX in the Western Pacific region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus', 'Scrub typhus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['Orientia tsutsugamushi']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity9556 :: (MESH:D012612,Disease) :: ['Scrub typhus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The feasibility of using hydrophobicity measurements as screens for intracellular availability in T-cells or intestinal permeability in Caco-2 cells was examined. METHODS: T-cell experiments: Cells were counted, collected, then incubated with drug solution at 37 degrees C. At selected time intervals, uptake was quenched by transferring a sample into oil, followed by rinsing, lysis of cells, protein precipitation and analysis by HPLC. Caco-2 cell experiments: Cells were grown on plastic dishes for 7-10 d, then rinsed and incubated with drug solution at 37 degrees C. Uptake was quenched, cells were lysed, protein precipitated and drug was analyzed by HPLC. IAM chromatography: Stock solutions were injected onto an IAM column for HPLC. Mobile phase consisted of varying amounts of @entity1626 in buffer (pH 7.4). The capacity factor, k'IAM, was calculated using @entity1792 to measure the void volume and was obtained by extrapolation to pure buffer. RESULTS: Nine @entity645 protease inhibitors were studied for uptake by CEM T-cell suspensions or Caco-2 cell monolayers. Capacity factors (log) between IAM and C-18 columns were positively correlated for this series. Caco-2 uptake rates correlated well with T-cell uptake rates when normalized by protein mass. Single-variable regression using IAM or C-18 columns was acceptable for analysis of T-cell data. Correlation coefficients between T-cell uptake and log k'IAM or log k'C-18 were not improved with multivariable regression. Correlation between Caco-2 uptake and log k'IAM was enhanced when molecular weight and @entity3884 -bonding potential were included in multivariable regression analysis (from r2 of 0.39 to 0.91). Correlations obtained using log k'IAM, log k'C-18 or log distribution coefficient (log D) were comparable when regressed against Caco-2 uptake using this approach. Calculated log partition coefficient (ClogP) provided the poorest correlation in the multivariable analysis (r2=0.57 for T-cell uptake and r2=0.71 for Caco-2 cell uptake). CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of @entity645 protease inhibitors by T-cell suspensions or Caco-2 cell monolayers was positively correlated. Uptake by T-cell suspensions was adequately described by hydrophobicity alone. Description of uptake by Caco-2 cell monolayers required multivariable regression analysis in which molecular weight and @entity3884 bonding were included. Experimental measures of hydrophobicity (log k'IAM, log k'C-18 and log D) were superior to ClogP in the correlation analysis.

title: Hydrophobicity of XXXX protease inhibitors by immobilized artificial membrane chromatography: application and significance to drug transport.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate percutaneous embolotherapy in the treatment of @entity360 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 who underwent attempted percutaneous embolization for @entity360 between 1982 and 1997 were retrospectively studied. @entity548 sites included jejunum (n = 4), ileum (n = 4), cecum (n = 4), and the remaining colon (n = 9). RESULTS: Embolization was not technically possible in four @entity1 (19%). Hemostasis was achieved in 15 @entity1 (71%) with prolonged hemostasis in 10 (48%). All @entity887 distal to the cecum resulted in prolonged hemostasis. Three of four @entity1 with @entity548 had recurrent @entity548 after apparent successful embolization. Only one of four cecal @entity887 achieved prolonged cessation of @entity548 . No @entity63 complications were identified. CONCLUSION: Based on these data, it would appear that the risk of @entity63 / @entity1188 in the lower gastrointestinal tract may not be as high as has been suggested. Two regions (cecum and proximal jejunum) were associated with poor results, suggesting these areas may not be as responsive to embolotherapy as other sites in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

title: Percutaneous embolotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'Hemorrhagic', 'jejunal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['bowel ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolizations']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding', 'lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity26742 , a novel aminotetralin @entity935 D2 agonist, was shown to effectively reverse @entity304 in nine dopa/agonist-responsive @entity191 @entity1 . The drug was given up to 4.5 hours by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion using an i.v. pump. The onset of anti- @entity191 effect was seen within minutes of the initiation of the infusion and was absent within 90 minutes of cessation of the infusion. The short elimination half-life of @entity26742 (90 min) would allow for the rapid initiation of drug effect when necessary and at the same time permit the effect to be terminated quickly if necessary. The drug would be useful in situations where oral medication is not feasible or is associated with erratic absorption. The @entity1 tolerated the drug well. Dose escalation load was limited by @entity390 and @entity391 . It should be noted that the doses were increased until these symptoms occurred, but therapeutic effects were noted well before the side effects occurred. Using a modified Columbia scale, maximum improvement consisted of a 27-95% drop in score. Maximum response was obtained at infusion rates varying from 2-16 microg/kg per hour and at blood levels of 0.11-1.49 microg/mL.

title: @entity26742 , a novel soluble XXXX D2 agonist in the treatment of @entity304 .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: @entity26742 , a novel aminotetralin @entity935 D2 agonist, was shown to effectively reverse @entity304 in nine dopa/agonist-responsive @entity191 @entity1 . The drug was given up to 4.5 hours by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion using an i.v. pump. The onset of anti- @entity191 effect was seen within minutes of the initiation of the infusion and was absent within 90 minutes of cessation of the infusion. The short elimination half-life of @entity26742 (90 min) would allow for the rapid initiation of drug effect when necessary and at the same time permit the effect to be terminated quickly if necessary. The drug would be useful in situations where oral medication is not feasible or is associated with erratic absorption. The @entity1 tolerated the drug well. Dose escalation load was limited by @entity390 and @entity391 . It should be noted that the doses were increased until these symptoms occurred, but therapeutic effects were noted well before the side effects occurred. Using a modified Columbia scale, maximum improvement consisted of a 27-95% drop in score. Maximum response was obtained at infusion rates varying from 2-16 microg/kg per hour and at blood levels of 0.11-1.49 microg/mL.

title: @entity26742 , a novel soluble @entity935 D2 agonist in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: @entity26742 , a novel aminotetralin @entity935 D2 agonist, was shown to effectively reverse @entity304 in nine dopa/agonist-responsive @entity191 @entity1 . The drug was given up to 4.5 hours by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion using an i.v. pump. The onset of anti- @entity191 effect was seen within minutes of the initiation of the infusion and was absent within 90 minutes of cessation of the infusion. The short elimination half-life of @entity26742 (90 min) would allow for the rapid initiation of drug effect when necessary and at the same time permit the effect to be terminated quickly if necessary. The drug would be useful in situations where oral medication is not feasible or is associated with erratic absorption. The @entity1 tolerated the drug well. Dose escalation load was limited by @entity390 and @entity391 . It should be noted that the doses were increased until these symptoms occurred, but therapeutic effects were noted well before the side effects occurred. Using a modified Columbia scale, maximum improvement consisted of a 27-95% drop in score. Maximum response was obtained at infusion rates varying from 2-16 microg/kg per hour and at blood levels of 0.11-1.49 microg/mL.

title: XXXX , a novel soluble @entity935 D2 agonist in the treatment of @entity304 .

answer: @entity26742 :: (MESH:C047508,Chemical) :: ['N-0923']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of varying the energy density (ED) of high @entity1735 (HC) diets on food and energy intake (EI), subjective hunger and body weight in @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomised cross-over design. Subjects were each studied twice during 14 d, throughout which they had ad libitum access to one of two covertly-manipulated diets. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six healthy @entity1 (mean age (s.d.)=32.17 y s.d. (5.26 y), mean weight=69.74 kg s.d. (2.75 kg), mean height=1.76 m s.d. (0.05 m), body mass index (BMI)=22.57 (2.2) kg/m2) were studied. The fat, @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) and protein content (as % energy) and ED of each diet were 21:66:13% and 357 kJ/100 g, (low-energy density (LED)) or 22:66:12% and 629 kJ/100 g ( @entity2101 ( @entity2101 )). A medium fat diet was provided at maintenance (1.6 x BMR, MF for 2 d) before each ad libitum period. Subjects could alter the amount, but not the composition of foods eaten. RESULTS: Mean EI was 8.67 and 14.82 MJ/d on the LED and @entity2101 diets, respectively. Subjects felt significantly more hungry on the LED diet, than on the @entity2101 diet (F(1,160)38.28; P < 0.001) and found the diets to be similarly pleasant (72.72 mm vs 71.54 mm (F(1,392)0.31; P = 0.579)). Mean body weight decreased on the LED diet at a rate of 0.1 kg/d and increased at 0.06 kg/d on the @entity2101 diet (F(1,131)86.60; P < 0.001), giving total weight changes of -1.41 kg and +0.84 kg, respectively, both of which were significantly different from zero (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Excess EI is possible on HC, @entity2101 diets, at least under conditions where diet selection is precluded. Comparison of these results with previous studies, which altered ED using fat, suggests that @entity435 may be a better cue for hunger than fat.

title: Covert manipulation of energy density of high XXXX diets in 'pseudo free-living' @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-energy density', 'HED']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of varying the energy density (ED) of high @entity1735 (HC) diets on food and energy intake (EI), subjective hunger and body weight in @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomised cross-over design. Subjects were each studied twice during 14 d, throughout which they had ad libitum access to one of two covertly-manipulated diets. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six healthy @entity1 (mean age (s.d.)=32.17 y s.d. (5.26 y), mean weight=69.74 kg s.d. (2.75 kg), mean height=1.76 m s.d. (0.05 m), body mass index (BMI)=22.57 (2.2) kg/m2) were studied. The fat, @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) and protein content (as % energy) and ED of each diet were 21:66:13% and 357 kJ/100 g, (low-energy density (LED)) or 22:66:12% and 629 kJ/100 g ( @entity2101 ( @entity2101 )). A medium fat diet was provided at maintenance (1.6 x BMR, MF for 2 d) before each ad libitum period. Subjects could alter the amount, but not the composition of foods eaten. RESULTS: Mean EI was 8.67 and 14.82 MJ/d on the LED and @entity2101 diets, respectively. Subjects felt significantly more hungry on the LED diet, than on the @entity2101 diet (F(1,160)38.28; P < 0.001) and found the diets to be similarly pleasant (72.72 mm vs 71.54 mm (F(1,392)0.31; P = 0.579)). Mean body weight decreased on the LED diet at a rate of 0.1 kg/d and increased at 0.06 kg/d on the @entity2101 diet (F(1,131)86.60; P < 0.001), giving total weight changes of -1.41 kg and +0.84 kg, respectively, both of which were significantly different from zero (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Excess EI is possible on HC, @entity2101 diets, at least under conditions where diet selection is precluded. Comparison of these results with previous studies, which altered ED using fat, suggests that @entity435 may be a better cue for hunger than fat.

title: Covert manipulation of energy density of high @entity1735 diets in 'pseudo free-living' XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Gathering knowledge about the molecular events during preimplantation development is one of the most important challenges in @entity52 ( @entity52 ). The @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) system has been shown to be intimately involved in embryonic implantation. The aim of our study was to detect the major components of the @entity1192 system in single blastomeres from @entity1 preimplantation embryos and to relate our findings to the further development of the biopsied embryos in vitro. Single blastomeres were removed from morphologically normal embryos obtained from dipronuclear zygotes and examined by reverse transcription (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of @entity217 (external standard), @entity1356 , @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity10496 ( @entity10496 ) type I mRNA were related to embryonic development and @entity52 outcome. Blastomeres from 12 embryos were examined: @entity217 and @entity10496 type I mRNA were detected in all blastomeres (100%) whereas @entity1356 could be detected in only nine of the blastomeres (75%). @entity1193 was expressed in only two (17%) of the blastomeres and those were simultaneously positive for @entity1356 . Both @entity1193 positive embryos were arrested in development before reaching blastocyst stage. Five embryos (three of them @entity1356 mRNA positive and two @entity1356 mRNA negative) were transferred as blastocysts; none of the transfers resulted in a pregnancy. We postulate that embryos expressing @entity1193 mRNA in a detectable amount appear more likely to be arrested in early developmental stages.

title: Expression of XXXX system mRNA in single blastomeres from @entity1 preimplantation embryos.

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: Gathering knowledge about the molecular events during preimplantation development is one of the most important challenges in @entity52 ( @entity52 ). The @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) system has been shown to be intimately involved in embryonic implantation. The aim of our study was to detect the major components of the @entity1192 system in single blastomeres from @entity1 preimplantation embryos and to relate our findings to the further development of the biopsied embryos in vitro. Single blastomeres were removed from morphologically normal embryos obtained from dipronuclear zygotes and examined by reverse transcription (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of @entity217 (external standard), @entity1356 , @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity10496 ( @entity10496 ) type I mRNA were related to embryonic development and @entity52 outcome. Blastomeres from 12 embryos were examined: @entity217 and @entity10496 type I mRNA were detected in all blastomeres (100%) whereas @entity1356 could be detected in only nine of the blastomeres (75%). @entity1193 was expressed in only two (17%) of the blastomeres and those were simultaneously positive for @entity1356 . Both @entity1193 positive embryos were arrested in development before reaching blastocyst stage. Five embryos (three of them @entity1356 mRNA positive and two @entity1356 mRNA negative) were transferred as blastocysts; none of the transfers resulted in a pregnancy. We postulate that embryos expressing @entity1193 mRNA in a detectable amount appear more likely to be arrested in early developmental stages.

title: Expression of @entity1192 system mRNA in single blastomeres from XXXX preimplantation embryos.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cranioplasty encompasses various cranial reconstruction techniques that are used following craniectomy due to @entity64 or @entity130 . Despite classical infectious signs, symptoms, and radiologic findings, however, the diagnosis of @entity281 following cranioplasty can be elusive, with the potential to result in definitive treatment delay. We sought to determine if @entity221 or @entity491 at presentation were indicative of @entity281 , as well as to identify any factors that may limit its applicability. METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, a retrospective cohort of 239 @entity1 who underwent cranioplasty following craniectomy for @entity64 or @entity130 was established from 2001-2011 at a single center (Massachusetts General Hospital). Analysis was then focused on those who developed a @entity281 , as defined by either frank intra-operative purulence or positive intra-operative cultures, and subsequently underwent operative management. RESULTS: In 27 total cases of @entity281 , only two had a @entity221 and four had @entity491 at presentation. This yielded a false-negative rate for @entity221 of 92.6% and for @entity491 of 85.2%. In regard to infectious etiology, 22 (81.5%) cases generated positive intra-operative cultures, with @entity5478 being the most common organism isolated. Median interval to @entity281 was 99 days from initial cranioplasty to time of infectious presentation, and average follow-up was 3.4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of @entity221 and elevated white blood cell count in the diagnosis of post-cranioplasty @entity281 is associated with a high false-negative rate, making the absence of these features insufficient to exclude the diagnosis of @entity281 .

title: The Absence of Fever or XXXX Does Not Exclude Infection Following Cranioplasty.

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity491 :: (MESH:D007964,Disease) :: ['Leukocytosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is an increasingly common cause of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 . While @entity1229 has been the mainstay of @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 , newer novel oral anticoagulant medications are now available. @entity3925 , a direct factor Xa inhibitor with a rapid onset and offset after oral administration, offers potential advantages over @entity1229 , predominantly due to its predictable pharmacokinetics across wide @entity1 populations. It requires no coagulation monitoring, and only two different doses are needed (20  mg daily for @entity1 with normal renal function and 15  mg daily in those with @entity177 ). A large randomized trial (ROCKET @entity955 ) has shown non-inferiority to @entity1229 for preventing @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in the per-protocol population and superiority to @entity1229 in the on-treatment safety population. Several subanalyses confirm that the treatment effect of @entity3925 is consistent across different @entity1 subgroups, including those with @entity177 . The tolerability of @entity3925 appears similar to that of @entity1229 , with comparable overall bleeding rates in clinical trials. In ROCKET @entity955 , significantly lower rates of fatal and @entity510 were seen with @entity3925 , while lower rates of @entity360 were seen with @entity1229 . Important contraindications to @entity3925 include valvular @entity955 , the presence of a prosthetic valve (mechanical or bioprosthetic) or valve repair, the need for concurrent dual antiplatelet therapy, and @entity1011 clearance <30  ml/min. Once-daily dosing and the lack of coagulation monitoring may increase utilization and adherence compared with @entity1229 , potentially decreasing the large burden of care associated with @entity64 secondary to @entity955 . Overall, @entity3925 offers a useful alternative to @entity1229 for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: XXXX in the Prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Implications of the ROCKET @entity955 Trial and Its Subanalyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['reduced renal function']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban', 'rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['Rivaroxaban']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is an increasingly common cause of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 . While @entity1229 has been the mainstay of @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 , newer novel oral anticoagulant medications are now available. @entity3925 , a direct factor Xa inhibitor with a rapid onset and offset after oral administration, offers potential advantages over @entity1229 , predominantly due to its predictable pharmacokinetics across wide @entity1 populations. It requires no coagulation monitoring, and only two different doses are needed (20  mg daily for @entity1 with normal renal function and 15  mg daily in those with @entity177 ). A large randomized trial (ROCKET @entity955 ) has shown non-inferiority to @entity1229 for preventing @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in the per-protocol population and superiority to @entity1229 in the on-treatment safety population. Several subanalyses confirm that the treatment effect of @entity3925 is consistent across different @entity1 subgroups, including those with @entity177 . The tolerability of @entity3925 appears similar to that of @entity1229 , with comparable overall bleeding rates in clinical trials. In ROCKET @entity955 , significantly lower rates of fatal and @entity510 were seen with @entity3925 , while lower rates of @entity360 were seen with @entity1229 . Important contraindications to @entity3925 include valvular @entity955 , the presence of a prosthetic valve (mechanical or bioprosthetic) or valve repair, the need for concurrent dual antiplatelet therapy, and @entity1011 clearance <30  ml/min. Once-daily dosing and the lack of coagulation monitoring may increase utilization and adherence compared with @entity1229 , potentially decreasing the large burden of care associated with @entity64 secondary to @entity955 . Overall, @entity3925 offers a useful alternative to @entity1229 for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity3925 in the Prevention of XXXX in @entity1 with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Implications of the ROCKET @entity955 Trial and Its Subanalyses.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke and Systemic Embolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is an increasingly common cause of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 . While @entity1229 has been the mainstay of @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 , newer novel oral anticoagulant medications are now available. @entity3925 , a direct factor Xa inhibitor with a rapid onset and offset after oral administration, offers potential advantages over @entity1229 , predominantly due to its predictable pharmacokinetics across wide @entity1 populations. It requires no coagulation monitoring, and only two different doses are needed (20  mg daily for @entity1 with normal renal function and 15  mg daily in those with @entity177 ). A large randomized trial (ROCKET @entity955 ) has shown non-inferiority to @entity1229 for preventing @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in the per-protocol population and superiority to @entity1229 in the on-treatment safety population. Several subanalyses confirm that the treatment effect of @entity3925 is consistent across different @entity1 subgroups, including those with @entity177 . The tolerability of @entity3925 appears similar to that of @entity1229 , with comparable overall bleeding rates in clinical trials. In ROCKET @entity955 , significantly lower rates of fatal and @entity510 were seen with @entity3925 , while lower rates of @entity360 were seen with @entity1229 . Important contraindications to @entity3925 include valvular @entity955 , the presence of a prosthetic valve (mechanical or bioprosthetic) or valve repair, the need for concurrent dual antiplatelet therapy, and @entity1011 clearance <30  ml/min. Once-daily dosing and the lack of coagulation monitoring may increase utilization and adherence compared with @entity1229 , potentially decreasing the large burden of care associated with @entity64 secondary to @entity955 . Overall, @entity3925 offers a useful alternative to @entity1229 for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity3925 in the Prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Implications of the ROCKET XXXX Trial and Its Subanalyses.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['AF']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is an increasingly common cause of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 . While @entity1229 has been the mainstay of @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 , newer novel oral anticoagulant medications are now available. @entity3925 , a direct factor Xa inhibitor with a rapid onset and offset after oral administration, offers potential advantages over @entity1229 , predominantly due to its predictable pharmacokinetics across wide @entity1 populations. It requires no coagulation monitoring, and only two different doses are needed (20  mg daily for @entity1 with normal renal function and 15  mg daily in those with @entity177 ). A large randomized trial (ROCKET @entity955 ) has shown non-inferiority to @entity1229 for preventing @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in the per-protocol population and superiority to @entity1229 in the on-treatment safety population. Several subanalyses confirm that the treatment effect of @entity3925 is consistent across different @entity1 subgroups, including those with @entity177 . The tolerability of @entity3925 appears similar to that of @entity1229 , with comparable overall bleeding rates in clinical trials. In ROCKET @entity955 , significantly lower rates of fatal and @entity510 were seen with @entity3925 , while lower rates of @entity360 were seen with @entity1229 . Important contraindications to @entity3925 include valvular @entity955 , the presence of a prosthetic valve (mechanical or bioprosthetic) or valve repair, the need for concurrent dual antiplatelet therapy, and @entity1011 clearance <30  ml/min. Once-daily dosing and the lack of coagulation monitoring may increase utilization and adherence compared with @entity1229 , potentially decreasing the large burden of care associated with @entity64 secondary to @entity955 . Overall, @entity3925 offers a useful alternative to @entity1229 for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity3925 in the Prevention of @entity64 in XXXX with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Implications of the ROCKET @entity955 Trial and Its Subanalyses.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prevalence of @entity1561 is increased in @entity1 with @entity1569 . However, it is not known how @entity1575 correlates with @entity1569 . This study investigated the association between @entity1569 and @entity1575 compared with @entity1 without @entity1569 within the population-based Rotterdam Study. All @entity1 were screened for @entity1575 using transient elastography. Liver stiffness >   9.5 kPa suggested advanced @entity1575 . Psoriasis was identified using a validated algorithm. A total of 1,535 @entity1 were included (mean age        standard deviation 70.5        7.9 years; 50.8% female; median body mass index 26.4 kg/m2 (interquartile range 24.2-28.9)) of whom 74 (4.7%) had @entity1569 . Prevalence of advanced @entity1575 was 8.1% in @entity1569 @entity1 compared with 3.6% in the reference group (p   =   0.05). The risk of advanced @entity1575 in @entity1569 @entity1 remained comparable after adjustment for demographics, lifestyle characteristics and laboratory findings (odds ratio 2.57 (95% confidence interval 1.00-6.63). This study suggests that elderly @entity1 with @entity1569 are twice as likely to have advanced @entity1575 irrespective of common risk factors.

title: Increased Prevalence of Advanced XXXX in @entity1 with Psoriasis: A Cross-sectional Analysis from the Rotterdam Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['Liver Fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prevalence of @entity1561 is increased in @entity1 with @entity1569 . However, it is not known how @entity1575 correlates with @entity1569 . This study investigated the association between @entity1569 and @entity1575 compared with @entity1 without @entity1569 within the population-based Rotterdam Study. All @entity1 were screened for @entity1575 using transient elastography. Liver stiffness >   9.5 kPa suggested advanced @entity1575 . Psoriasis was identified using a validated algorithm. A total of 1,535 @entity1 were included (mean age        standard deviation 70.5        7.9 years; 50.8% female; median body mass index 26.4 kg/m2 (interquartile range 24.2-28.9)) of whom 74 (4.7%) had @entity1569 . Prevalence of advanced @entity1575 was 8.1% in @entity1569 @entity1 compared with 3.6% in the reference group (p   =   0.05). The risk of advanced @entity1575 in @entity1569 @entity1 remained comparable after adjustment for demographics, lifestyle characteristics and laboratory findings (odds ratio 2.57 (95% confidence interval 1.00-6.63). This study suggests that elderly @entity1 with @entity1569 are twice as likely to have advanced @entity1575 irrespective of common risk factors.

title: Increased Prevalence of Advanced @entity1575 in XXXX with Psoriasis: A Cross-sectional Analysis from the Rotterdam Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the prevalence of @entity10334 in neuroimaging and its link to @entity303 , @entity64 , and @entity204 , the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. While some have postulated a link between @entity2998 and @entity10334 , the exact relationship between the two common clinical findings is unknown. To determine the link between @entity66 and @entity10334 , we performed a systematic review of interhemispheric differences in @entity62 in @entity1 with @entity2998 . METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search in multiple electronic databases evaluating the association of carotid artery and @entity62 using both subjective and volumetric assessment of white matter burden. The included studies examined @entity1 with at least 30   % @entity543 for white matter burden both ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of @entity2998 . RESULTS: Of the 2920 manuscripts screened, five were included in the systematic review. One study used a volumetric analysis of the white matter burden and the others used various subjective methods. Four studies found no statistically significant relationship between carotid @entity62 and one study found a significantly higher amount of @entity62 ipsilateral to @entity543 . CONCLUSIONS: The mixed results in degree of @entity10334 in @entity1 with @entity2998 indicate that no definite relationship can be established based on the existing literature. Given the complex nature of @entity2998 , including increased risk with certain plaque components, the exact relationship requires further investigation with more @entity5084 .

title: Hemispheric Differences in XXXX in @entity1 with Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis', 'hemispheric leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease and ipsilateral white matter burden', 'white matter disease']

entities_list: @entity5084 :: ('MESH:D012298', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous research design']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity10334 :: (MESH:D049292,Disease) :: ['Leukoaraiosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the prevalence of @entity10334 in neuroimaging and its link to @entity303 , @entity64 , and @entity204 , the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. While some have postulated a link between @entity2998 and @entity10334 , the exact relationship between the two common clinical findings is unknown. To determine the link between @entity66 and @entity10334 , we performed a systematic review of interhemispheric differences in @entity62 in @entity1 with @entity2998 . METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search in multiple electronic databases evaluating the association of carotid artery and @entity62 using both subjective and volumetric assessment of white matter burden. The included studies examined @entity1 with at least 30   % @entity543 for white matter burden both ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of @entity2998 . RESULTS: Of the 2920 manuscripts screened, five were included in the systematic review. One study used a volumetric analysis of the white matter burden and the others used various subjective methods. Four studies found no statistically significant relationship between carotid @entity62 and one study found a significantly higher amount of @entity62 ipsilateral to @entity543 . CONCLUSIONS: The mixed results in degree of @entity10334 in @entity1 with @entity2998 indicate that no definite relationship can be established based on the existing literature. Given the complex nature of @entity2998 , including increased risk with certain plaque components, the exact relationship requires further investigation with more @entity5084 .

title: Hemispheric Differences in @entity10334 in XXXX with Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A 22-year-old @entity1 presented with a growing lump on the fifth metatarsal of the right foot. Radiographically, the lesion was a calcified mass stuck on to the bone. The T2-weighted magnetic resonance images showed heterogeneity in intensity. A @entity5 was suspected and an excisional biopsy was done. The lesion was composed of a cartilaginous cap and bone tissue. Histological examination revealed characteristic features of bizarre @entity9236 (BPOP), such as hypercellularity, a blue tinctorial quality in the osteocartilaginous interfaces, and a scattering of binucleated or bizarre enlarged chondrocytes. Immunohistochemically, basic fibroblast growth factor was expressed in nearly all chondrocytes within the cartilaginous cap, while @entity7 was expressed only in enlarged chondrocytes near the osteocartilaginous interfaces. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected @entity22411 transcripts in the tissue of the cartilaginous cap. These findings indicate that the processes occurring in BPOP are similar to those occurring in endochondral ossification in the growth plate, and they support the concept that BPOP is a reparative process. BPOP is a rare tumorous lesion of the bone and is occasionally confused with other benign or malignant conditions. Thus, it is important to consider the clinical, radiographical and the gross histological features of the lesion when making a diagnosis.

title: Bizarre XXXX (Nora's lesion) of the foot.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation']

answer: @entity9236 :: (MESH:C565054,Disease) :: ['parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laboratory and field studies showed that repellent, irritant and toxic actions of common public health insecticides reduce @entity1 -vector contact and thereby interrupt disease transmission. One of the more effective strategies to reduce disease risk involves the use of long-lasting treated bednets. However, development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations makes it imperative to find alternatives to these insecticides. Our previous study identified four essential oils as alternatives to @entity312 : Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The objectives of this study were to identify active compounds of these essential oils, to characterize their biological activity, and to examine their potential as a treatment for bednets. METHODS: We evaluated the electrophysiological, behavioural (repellency, irritancy) and toxic effects of the major compounds of these oils against @entity313 'Kisumu'. RESULTS: @entity3125 elicited the strongest responses and @entity199 the weakest responses in electroantennogram (EAG) trials. However, EAG responses did not correlate consistently with results of behavioral assays. In behavioral and @entity137 studies, several of the single compounds did exhibit repellency, irritancy or @entity137 in An. gambiae; however, the activity of essential oils did not always correlate with activity expected from the major components. On the contrary, the biological activity of essential oils appeared complex, suggesting interactions between individual compounds and the insect under study. Data also indicated that the three effects appeared independent, suggesting that repellency mechanism(s) may differ from mechanisms of irritancy and @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on the bioassays reported here, some of the compounds merit consideration as alternative bednet treatments.

title: Electrophysiological and behavioral characterization of bioactive compounds of the Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cuminum cyminum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils against XXXX and prospects for their use as bednet treatments.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity199 :: ('MESH:D039821', 'Chemical') :: ['monoterpenes']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae strain']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dengue is a mosquito-borne @entity1800 that afflicts millions of individuals worldwide every year. Infection by any of the four serotypes can result in a spectrum of disease severity. We investigated the impact of variants of interferon regulated innate immunity genes with a potent anti-viral effect, on the outcome of @entity281 . We compared the effect of OAS gene family variants on two @entity779 virus (DENV) serotypes in cell culture. While both @entity22167 - @entity15771 and p46 showed antiviral activity against DENV-2, only @entity22167 - @entity15771 presented anti-DENV-1 activity. Conversely, whereas both @entity9508 _S381 and R381 variants were able to block DENV-1 infection, the anti-DENV-2 activity observed for @entity9508 _S381 was largely lost for the R381 variant. By allelic association study on a cohort of 740 @entity779 @entity1 , we found a protective effect of @entity9508 _R381 against shock (OR=0.37; P<0.001). This effect was due to DENV-2 infections (OR=0.13, P=0.007), but was absent for DENV-1, in accordance with the serotype-dependent @entity9508 activity found in the functional study. Severe @entity779 has long been associated with a "cytokine storm" of unclear origin. This work identifies an early innate immunity process that could lead to the immune overreaction observed in severe @entity779 , and triggered by a specific host genotype-pathogen genotype interaction.

title: High anti- XXXX viral activity of OAS gene family is associated with increased severity of dengue disease.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We previously demonstrated a significant @entity14 risk in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 with mucosal changes indefinite for @entity1141 (IND) and the potential diagnostic utility of @entity876 and @entity5822 immunohistochemistry in @entity29 -associated @entity5 . The primary aim of this exploratory study was to determine the predictive value of the two markers for @entity5 risk in the @entity29 -IND population. METHODS: We identified 44 eligible cases with @entity29 and IND in colon biopsy from our pathology database. We semi-quantified the expression of @entity876 and @entity5822 in the colon biopsies by immunohistochemistry and correlated their expression, demographic information, and clinical features with @entity14 outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 46.6        15.1 years, with 25 (56.8%) being male. The median follow-up was 101 months (range: 6-247) after IND diagnosis. Among these 44 @entity1 , 11 (25%) progressed to @entity5 (low-grade @entity1141   =   6; high-grade @entity1141   =   2; @entity5 3) at a median follow-up of 66 months (range: 19-145). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age and @entity876 overexpression were associated with progression to @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity29 and IND developed @entity14 or @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity876 and age are associated with @entity5 progression.

title: Overexpression of XXXX predicts @entity14 risk in @entity1 with @entity29 and mucosa changes indefinite for @entity1141 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'neoplastic', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We previously demonstrated a significant @entity14 risk in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 with mucosal changes indefinite for @entity1141 (IND) and the potential diagnostic utility of @entity876 and @entity5822 immunohistochemistry in @entity29 -associated @entity5 . The primary aim of this exploratory study was to determine the predictive value of the two markers for @entity5 risk in the @entity29 -IND population. METHODS: We identified 44 eligible cases with @entity29 and IND in colon biopsy from our pathology database. We semi-quantified the expression of @entity876 and @entity5822 in the colon biopsies by immunohistochemistry and correlated their expression, demographic information, and clinical features with @entity14 outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 46.6        15.1 years, with 25 (56.8%) being male. The median follow-up was 101 months (range: 6-247) after IND diagnosis. Among these 44 @entity1 , 11 (25%) progressed to @entity5 (low-grade @entity1141   =   6; high-grade @entity1141   =   2; @entity5 3) at a median follow-up of 66 months (range: 19-145). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age and @entity876 overexpression were associated with progression to @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity29 and IND developed @entity14 or @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity876 and age are associated with @entity5 progression.

title: Overexpression of @entity876 predicts @entity14 risk in @entity1 with XXXX and mucosa changes indefinite for @entity1141 .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We previously demonstrated a significant @entity14 risk in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 with mucosal changes indefinite for @entity1141 (IND) and the potential diagnostic utility of @entity876 and @entity5822 immunohistochemistry in @entity29 -associated @entity5 . The primary aim of this exploratory study was to determine the predictive value of the two markers for @entity5 risk in the @entity29 -IND population. METHODS: We identified 44 eligible cases with @entity29 and IND in colon biopsy from our pathology database. We semi-quantified the expression of @entity876 and @entity5822 in the colon biopsies by immunohistochemistry and correlated their expression, demographic information, and clinical features with @entity14 outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 46.6        15.1 years, with 25 (56.8%) being male. The median follow-up was 101 months (range: 6-247) after IND diagnosis. Among these 44 @entity1 , 11 (25%) progressed to @entity5 (low-grade @entity1141   =   6; high-grade @entity1141   =   2; @entity5 3) at a median follow-up of 66 months (range: 19-145). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age and @entity876 overexpression were associated with progression to @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity29 and IND developed @entity14 or @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity876 and age are associated with @entity5 progression.

title: Overexpression of @entity876 predicts @entity14 risk in @entity1 with @entity29 and mucosa changes indefinite for XXXX .

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We previously demonstrated a significant @entity14 risk in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 with mucosal changes indefinite for @entity1141 (IND) and the potential diagnostic utility of @entity876 and @entity5822 immunohistochemistry in @entity29 -associated @entity5 . The primary aim of this exploratory study was to determine the predictive value of the two markers for @entity5 risk in the @entity29 -IND population. METHODS: We identified 44 eligible cases with @entity29 and IND in colon biopsy from our pathology database. We semi-quantified the expression of @entity876 and @entity5822 in the colon biopsies by immunohistochemistry and correlated their expression, demographic information, and clinical features with @entity14 outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 46.6        15.1 years, with 25 (56.8%) being male. The median follow-up was 101 months (range: 6-247) after IND diagnosis. Among these 44 @entity1 , 11 (25%) progressed to @entity5 (low-grade @entity1141   =   6; high-grade @entity1141   =   2; @entity5 3) at a median follow-up of 66 months (range: 19-145). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age and @entity876 overexpression were associated with progression to @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity29 and IND developed @entity14 or @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity876 and age are associated with @entity5 progression.

title: Overexpression of @entity876 predicts XXXX risk in @entity1 with @entity29 and mucosa changes indefinite for @entity1141 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We previously demonstrated a significant @entity14 risk in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 with mucosal changes indefinite for @entity1141 (IND) and the potential diagnostic utility of @entity876 and @entity5822 immunohistochemistry in @entity29 -associated @entity5 . The primary aim of this exploratory study was to determine the predictive value of the two markers for @entity5 risk in the @entity29 -IND population. METHODS: We identified 44 eligible cases with @entity29 and IND in colon biopsy from our pathology database. We semi-quantified the expression of @entity876 and @entity5822 in the colon biopsies by immunohistochemistry and correlated their expression, demographic information, and clinical features with @entity14 outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 46.6        15.1 years, with 25 (56.8%) being male. The median follow-up was 101 months (range: 6-247) after IND diagnosis. Among these 44 @entity1 , 11 (25%) progressed to @entity5 (low-grade @entity1141   =   6; high-grade @entity1141   =   2; @entity5 3) at a median follow-up of 66 months (range: 19-145). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age and @entity876 overexpression were associated with progression to @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity29 and IND developed @entity14 or @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity876 and age are associated with @entity5 progression.

title: Overexpression of @entity876 predicts @entity14 risk in XXXX with @entity29 and mucosa changes indefinite for @entity1141 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture at Tianshu (ST25) for @entity1 with functional @entity1142 (FC). METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with FC were randomized to receive deep needling on bilateral ST25 (group A, 48 cases) or shallow needling on bilateral ST25 (group B, 48 cases) with electroacupuncture once daily for 4 weeks. The proportion of @entity1 with four or more complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) per week, and scores of @entity1142 symptoms and satisfaction with treatment were compared between two groups. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with four or more CSBMs per week was 52.1% in group A, significantly higher than 25.0% in group B during the 4-week treatment (P<0.05). The @entity1142 symptom score of @entity1 were significantly improved in group A as compared with group B at week 2-4 (P<0.05). @entity1 in group A were more satisfied with their treatment compared with those in group B at week 1-4 (P<0.05). Five @entity1 in group A felt significant @entity158 and discomfort. No other adverse reaction was observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: Using electroacupuncture at ST25 to treat @entity1 with FC is effectively, and deep needling had more stable effect than shallow needling.

title: Efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of functional XXXX : A randomized controlled pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is reasonable evidence that @entity1501 5-10 mg per week leads to reduction in @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) @entity137 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). However, this is based on studies conducted with lower @entity6822 dosage than used currently. It is unclear whether higher doses of @entity1501 may be better in reducing @entity137 . METHODS: This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 24 weeks duration. To be eligible, @entity1 should have @entity309 (1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria), be 18-75 years of age, not be on @entity6822 and have active disease as defined by 'Modified Disease Activity Score using three variables' (DAS28(3)) > 3.2. @entity6822 was started at 10 mg/week and escalated to 25 mg/week by 12 weeks. @entity1501 was given at a dose of 10 mg (FA10) or 30 mg per week (FA30). Co-primary endpoints were incidence of @entity137 (undesirable symptoms and @entity854 ) and change in disease activity by 24 weeks. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among 100 @entity1 enrolled, 51 and 49 were randomized to FA10 and FA30 respectively. By 24 weeks, there were 6 @entity1 withdrawals in either group and mean(  SD) dose of @entity6822 was 22.8    4.4 and 21.4    4.6 mg per week (p = 0.1). Frequency of @entity1 with undesirable symptoms was non-significantly lower by 7.4 % (95 % confidence interval -27.4 to 12.7 %) in FA10 compared to FA30. There was also no difference in frequency of transaminitis (>Upper limit of normal (ULN)) (42.6, 45.7 %, p = 0.7) or transminitis as per primary endpoint (>2xULN) (10.6, 8.7 %, p = 1.0) or @entity1503 (4.3, 4.3 %, p = 0.9). There was no difference in the primary end-point of occurrence of any adverse effect (symptom or laboratory) in FA10 and FA30 (46.8, 54.3 %, p = 0.5). At 24 weeks, DAS28(3) declined in both groups by a similar extent (-1.1    1.0, -1.3    1.0, p = 0.2) and 'European League Against @entity627 ' good or moderate response occurred in 56.9 and 67.4 % (p = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Even with the high doses of @entity6822 used in current practice, there was no additional benefit (or harm) of a higher dose of @entity1501 (30 mg/week) over a usual dose (10 mg/week). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01583959 Registered 15 March 2012.

title: Comparison of two different @entity1501 doses with XXXX - a randomized controlled trial (FOLVARI Study).

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'Folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is reasonable evidence that @entity1501 5-10 mg per week leads to reduction in @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) @entity137 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). However, this is based on studies conducted with lower @entity6822 dosage than used currently. It is unclear whether higher doses of @entity1501 may be better in reducing @entity137 . METHODS: This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 24 weeks duration. To be eligible, @entity1 should have @entity309 (1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria), be 18-75 years of age, not be on @entity6822 and have active disease as defined by 'Modified Disease Activity Score using three variables' (DAS28(3)) > 3.2. @entity6822 was started at 10 mg/week and escalated to 25 mg/week by 12 weeks. @entity1501 was given at a dose of 10 mg (FA10) or 30 mg per week (FA30). Co-primary endpoints were incidence of @entity137 (undesirable symptoms and @entity854 ) and change in disease activity by 24 weeks. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among 100 @entity1 enrolled, 51 and 49 were randomized to FA10 and FA30 respectively. By 24 weeks, there were 6 @entity1 withdrawals in either group and mean(  SD) dose of @entity6822 was 22.8    4.4 and 21.4    4.6 mg per week (p = 0.1). Frequency of @entity1 with undesirable symptoms was non-significantly lower by 7.4 % (95 % confidence interval -27.4 to 12.7 %) in FA10 compared to FA30. There was also no difference in frequency of transaminitis (>Upper limit of normal (ULN)) (42.6, 45.7 %, p = 0.7) or transminitis as per primary endpoint (>2xULN) (10.6, 8.7 %, p = 1.0) or @entity1503 (4.3, 4.3 %, p = 0.9). There was no difference in the primary end-point of occurrence of any adverse effect (symptom or laboratory) in FA10 and FA30 (46.8, 54.3 %, p = 0.5). At 24 weeks, DAS28(3) declined in both groups by a similar extent (-1.1    1.0, -1.3    1.0, p = 0.2) and 'European League Against @entity627 ' good or moderate response occurred in 56.9 and 67.4 % (p = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Even with the high doses of @entity6822 used in current practice, there was no additional benefit (or harm) of a higher dose of @entity1501 (30 mg/week) over a usual dose (10 mg/week). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01583959 Registered 15 March 2012.

title: Comparison of two different XXXX doses with @entity1499 - a randomized controlled trial (FOLVARI Study).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generally, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be the preferable method to treat @entity12179 , but whether there exist some correlations between ICSI fertilization rate and the proportion of round-headed sperm or morphologically normal sperm remains open. This study was to explore the correlation between ICSI fertilization rate and the sperm morphology in @entity1 with @entity12179 . METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 diagnosed with @entity12179 accepted the following assisted fertilization treatments - 2 cases accepted @entity52 ( @entity52 ) alone, 26 cases accepted ICSI alone, and 6 accepted split @entity52 /ICSI. Detailed morphological characteristics were described using Diff-Quik rapid staining. Sixty cases accepting @entity52 or ICSI treatment in our reproductive center were considered as the control group after being matched by relevant criteria. Fertilization rate, embryo quality, embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were calculated. RESULTS: Besides very high proportion of round-headed sperm, @entity12179 also showed very high proportion of small-acrosomal sperm and very low proportion of morphologically normal sperm. Fertilization rate of @entity52 ( @entity52 alone plus split @entity52 ) was very low in @entity12179 (25.4%    17.4%), but ICSI (ICSI alone plus split ICSI) achieved satisfying fertilization rate compared with the control group (66.2%    22.5% vs. 68.8%    29.4%, P > 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity12179 , there were no correlations between ICSI fertilization rate and the proportion of round-headed sperm, small-acrosomal sperm, or morphologically normal sperm. CONCLUSIONS: There was high proportion of small-acrosomal sperm in @entity12179 . For @entity1 with @entity12179 , ICSI is more preferable than @entity52 . ICSI fertilization rate does not depend on the proportion of round-headed sperm, small-acrosomal sperm, or morphologically normal sperm.

title: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Fertilization Rate Does Not Depend on the Proportion of Round-headed Sperm, Small-acrosomal Sperm, or Morphologically Normal Sperm in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['partial globozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in-vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity12179 :: (OMIM:102530,Disease) :: ['Partial Globozoospermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generally, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be the preferable method to treat @entity12179 , but whether there exist some correlations between ICSI fertilization rate and the proportion of round-headed sperm or morphologically normal sperm remains open. This study was to explore the correlation between ICSI fertilization rate and the sperm morphology in @entity1 with @entity12179 . METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 diagnosed with @entity12179 accepted the following assisted fertilization treatments - 2 cases accepted @entity52 ( @entity52 ) alone, 26 cases accepted ICSI alone, and 6 accepted split @entity52 /ICSI. Detailed morphological characteristics were described using Diff-Quik rapid staining. Sixty cases accepting @entity52 or ICSI treatment in our reproductive center were considered as the control group after being matched by relevant criteria. Fertilization rate, embryo quality, embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were calculated. RESULTS: Besides very high proportion of round-headed sperm, @entity12179 also showed very high proportion of small-acrosomal sperm and very low proportion of morphologically normal sperm. Fertilization rate of @entity52 ( @entity52 alone plus split @entity52 ) was very low in @entity12179 (25.4%    17.4%), but ICSI (ICSI alone plus split ICSI) achieved satisfying fertilization rate compared with the control group (66.2%    22.5% vs. 68.8%    29.4%, P > 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity12179 , there were no correlations between ICSI fertilization rate and the proportion of round-headed sperm, small-acrosomal sperm, or morphologically normal sperm. CONCLUSIONS: There was high proportion of small-acrosomal sperm in @entity12179 . For @entity1 with @entity12179 , ICSI is more preferable than @entity52 . ICSI fertilization rate does not depend on the proportion of round-headed sperm, small-acrosomal sperm, or morphologically normal sperm.

title: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Fertilization Rate Does Not Depend on the Proportion of Round-headed Sperm, Small-acrosomal Sperm, or Morphologically Normal Sperm in XXXX with @entity12179 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity397 was studied more than 10 years ago in a small @entity1 cohort. Recent diagnostic advancements have improved the ability to detect this rare injury. HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of @entity397 will be significantly greater than previously reported. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiologic study. METHODS: A query of the PearlDiver Technologies national database containing public and private insurance @entity1 was used to estimate the national incidence of @entity397 in the United States. A retrospective chart review of our local population identified demographic groups and risk factors that increased likelihood of injury. RESULTS: The estimated national incidence of @entity397 was 2.55 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The local incidence was 5.35 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The mean and median ages of @entity1 in our regional cohort were 46.3 and 46 years, respectively. Males composed the majority of the injured population (national 95%, regional 96%). Smoking and elevated body mass index were found to be associated with increased likelihood of @entity6 showed no association. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity397 in this study was higher than previously reported.

title: XXXX : An Epidemiological Analysis Using a Large Population Database.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['distal biceps tendon ruptures', 'distal biceps tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['injury, while diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus thermal ablation has been widely used recently in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). In this study, we aimed to compare results of the combination of TACE and percutaneous thermal ablation with those of hepatectomy in @entity1 with @entity157 . METHODS: The clinical data of 137 @entity157 @entity1 who sequentially received TACE and computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous thermal ablation as an initial curative treatment (combination group) and 148 matched @entity157 @entity1 who received hepatectomy (surgery group) between 2004 and 2011 were collected and analyzed. After TACE, multiphase contrast-enhanced CT was performed to identify the total number of @entity5 as well as @entity4831 deposition in the liver. Survival was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. The prognostic factors were assessed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: Of all 285 @entity1 , 225 (79.0  %) had @entity5    <=   5  cm in diameter. In preoperative contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging, the number of @entity5 was 1-4 for each @entity1 . The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 95, 74  %, and 67  % in the combination group and 88, 66, and 47  % in the surgery group, respectively (P   =   0.004); the corresponding recurrence-free survival rates for the two groups were 92, 69, and 61  % and 75, 58, and 44  %, respectively (P   =   0.001). In the multivariate analysis, treatment allocation was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Only 60 @entity1 in the combination group had sufficient imaging data, and 135 new lesions with @entity4831 deposition were diagnosed as @entity5 in 22 of 60 @entity1 , whereas 20 new lesions were found in 11 of 148 @entity1 in the surgery group. CONCLUSION: The combination of TACE and CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation for @entity157 improves survival of @entity157 @entity1 compared with hepatectomy.

title: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation versus hepatectomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has recently changed. We assessed the activity of @entity6219 after failure of other systemic treatments in advanced @entity5 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label, phase II study evaluating @entity6219 as a single agent in advanced @entity5 (PAZONET study). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 6 months was the primary end point. Translational correlation of radiological response and progression-free survival (PFS) with circulating and tissue biomarkers was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 44 @entity1 were enrolled. Twenty-five @entity1 (59.5%) were progression-free at 6 months (4 partial responses, 21 stable diseases) with a median PFS of 9.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8-14.1]. The CBR varied according to prior therapy received, with 73%, 60% and 25% in @entity1 treated with prior multitarget inhibitors, prior @entity3470 inhibitors and both agents, respectively. A nonsignificant increase in PFS was observed in @entity1 presenting lower baseline circulating @entity5 cell (CTC) counts (9.1 versus 5.8 months; P = 0.22) and in those with decreased levels of soluble-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) (12.6 versus 9.1 months; P = 0.067). A trend toward reduced survival was documented in @entity1 with @entity7802 @entity50901 and @entity41932 missense polymorphisms [hazard ratio (HR): 12.3; 95% CI 1.09-139.2; P = 0.042 and HR: 6.9; 95% CI 0.96-49.9; P = 0.055, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6219 showed clinical activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 regardless of previous treatments. Additionally, CTCs, soluble-s VEFGR-2 and @entity7802 gene polymorphisms constitute potential biomarkers for selecting @entity1 for @entity6219 (NCT01280201). CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01280201.

title: @entity6219 in XXXX : a phase II, open-label trial of the Spanish Task Force Group for @entity5 (GETNE)   .

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib', 'Pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'NETs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pretreated advanced neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has recently changed. We assessed the activity of @entity6219 after failure of other systemic treatments in advanced @entity5 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label, phase II study evaluating @entity6219 as a single agent in advanced @entity5 (PAZONET study). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 6 months was the primary end point. Translational correlation of radiological response and progression-free survival (PFS) with circulating and tissue biomarkers was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 44 @entity1 were enrolled. Twenty-five @entity1 (59.5%) were progression-free at 6 months (4 partial responses, 21 stable diseases) with a median PFS of 9.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8-14.1]. The CBR varied according to prior therapy received, with 73%, 60% and 25% in @entity1 treated with prior multitarget inhibitors, prior @entity3470 inhibitors and both agents, respectively. A nonsignificant increase in PFS was observed in @entity1 presenting lower baseline circulating @entity5 cell (CTC) counts (9.1 versus 5.8 months; P = 0.22) and in those with decreased levels of soluble-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) (12.6 versus 9.1 months; P = 0.067). A trend toward reduced survival was documented in @entity1 with @entity7802 @entity50901 and @entity41932 missense polymorphisms [hazard ratio (HR): 12.3; 95% CI 1.09-139.2; P = 0.042 and HR: 6.9; 95% CI 0.96-49.9; P = 0.055, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6219 showed clinical activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 regardless of previous treatments. Additionally, CTCs, soluble-s VEFGR-2 and @entity7802 gene polymorphisms constitute potential biomarkers for selecting @entity1 for @entity6219 (NCT01280201). CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01280201.

title: @entity6219 in @entity5 : a phase II, open-label trial of the Spanish Task Force Group for XXXX (GETNE)   .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has recently changed. We assessed the activity of @entity6219 after failure of other systemic treatments in advanced @entity5 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label, phase II study evaluating @entity6219 as a single agent in advanced @entity5 (PAZONET study). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 6 months was the primary end point. Translational correlation of radiological response and progression-free survival (PFS) with circulating and tissue biomarkers was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 44 @entity1 were enrolled. Twenty-five @entity1 (59.5%) were progression-free at 6 months (4 partial responses, 21 stable diseases) with a median PFS of 9.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8-14.1]. The CBR varied according to prior therapy received, with 73%, 60% and 25% in @entity1 treated with prior multitarget inhibitors, prior @entity3470 inhibitors and both agents, respectively. A nonsignificant increase in PFS was observed in @entity1 presenting lower baseline circulating @entity5 cell (CTC) counts (9.1 versus 5.8 months; P = 0.22) and in those with decreased levels of soluble-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) (12.6 versus 9.1 months; P = 0.067). A trend toward reduced survival was documented in @entity1 with @entity7802 @entity50901 and @entity41932 missense polymorphisms [hazard ratio (HR): 12.3; 95% CI 1.09-139.2; P = 0.042 and HR: 6.9; 95% CI 0.96-49.9; P = 0.055, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6219 showed clinical activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 regardless of previous treatments. Additionally, CTCs, soluble-s VEFGR-2 and @entity7802 gene polymorphisms constitute potential biomarkers for selecting @entity1 for @entity6219 (NCT01280201). CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01280201.

title: XXXX in @entity5 : a phase II, open-label trial of the Spanish Task Force Group for @entity5 (GETNE)   .

answer: @entity6219 :: (MESH:C516667,Chemical) :: ['Pazopanib']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Restorative proctocolectomy is the most common operation in @entity1 with @entity31 . The aim was to evaluate long-term changes in our operative treatment and early and late complications related to restorative proctocolectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 352 (149 females) @entity1 over 18   years of age with @entity31 who underwent restorative proctocolectomy in 1985-2009 median follow-up time of 5   years. RESULTS: The indication for surgery was active @entity1960 in 168 (47.7%), @entity1960 in 159 (45.2%), and @entity5 or @entity1141 in 25 (7.1%) @entity1 . Ileal pouch-anal @entity254 was performed using hand-sewn @entity254 with mucosectomy in 283 @entity1 and stapled @entity254 in 69. A shift from hand-sewn to stapler ileal pouch-anal @entity254 took place in 2005. Covering ileostomy was carried out in 133 (37.8%) @entity1 . There were 82 (23.3%) J-pouch-related complications. The operative mortality was 0.3%. There were significantly fewer leakages and early re-operations when covering ileostomy was used than when it was omitted: 6.0% versus 16.4% (p   =   0.004), 4.5% versus 11.9% (p   =   0.02), respectively. There were more strictures in hand-sewn than in stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomoses (17.6% vs. 0%, p   =   0.001). @entity5042 occurred at least once in 134 (38.1%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The ileal pouch-anal @entity254 technique used in restorative proctocolectomy had changed over the past years from hand-sewn to stapled @entity254 . Covering ileostomy seemed to protect against major complications. @entity5042 was the most common late complication.

title: Restorative proctocolectomy for XXXX IN 1985-2009.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['chronic colitis', 'acute colitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 control rates remain suboptimal. Pharmacists' scope of practice is evolving, and their position in the community may be ideal for improving @entity101 care. We aimed to study the impact of pharmacist prescribing on blood pressure (BP) control in community-dwelling @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We designed a @entity1 -level, randomized, controlled trial, enrolling adults with above-target BP (as defined by Canadian guidelines) through community pharmacies, hospitals, or primary care teams in 23 communities in Alberta. Intervention group @entity1 received an assessment of BP and cardiovascular risk, education on @entity101 , prescribing of antihypertensive medications, laboratory monitoring, and monthly follow-up visits for 6 months (all by their pharmacist). Control group @entity1 received a wallet card for BP recording, written @entity101 information, and usual care from their pharmacist and physician. Primary outcome was the change in systolic BP at 6 months. A total of 248 @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; 49% male) were enrolled. Baseline mean  SD systolic/diastolic BP was 150  14/84  11 mm Hg. The intervention group had a mean  @entity551 at 6 months of 18.3  1.2 compared with 11.8  1.9 mm Hg in the control group, an adjusted difference of 6.6  1.9 mm Hg (P=0.0006). The adjusted odds of @entity1 achieving BP targets was 2.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.17-4.15 in favor of the intervention). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist prescribing for @entity1 with @entity101 resulted in a clinically important and statistically significant reduction in BP. Policy makers should consider an expanded role for pharmacists, including prescribing, to address the burden of @entity101 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00878566.

title: Randomized Trial of the Effect of Pharmacist Prescribing on Improving Blood Pressure in the Community: The Alberta Clinical Trial in Optimizing XXXX (RxACTION).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['SE reduction in systolic BP']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']