abstract: In an attempt to prevent @entity451 , a devastating complication common after the repair of @entity397 of the aorta, we have used partial cardiopulmonary bypass. Most of the @entity1 in our series (79.5%) underwent other major surgical procedures immediately before or after the aortic repair. Eight of the 110 @entity1 died before aortic repair could be performed. The aorta was not repaired in 3, because of other injuries. In 9, the repair was done without a shunt or bypass; 4 @entity1 died and 2 (22.2%) survived without @entity451 . One of the 2 who underwent repair with a Gott shunt died; the survivor suffered no @entity602 . Of the 88 @entity1 whose repair was carried out under cardiopulmonary bypass, 6 died and 80 (90.9%) survived without @entity451 . None of the last 39 @entity1 has become paraplegic, as vasodilator treatment is now discontinued during the cross-clamp period. Serious @entity1504 was present in 19 @entity1 ; in 3 (15.8%) the injury became worse after repair. There was no evidence of new or increased intraabdominal bleeding during heparinization. Except in the event of @entity358 , systemic heparin therapy was not associated with major problems.

title: Acute XXXX of the aortic isthmus: repair with cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lacerations']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['traumatic rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see whether low dose @entity2740 diuretics given to @entity1 with essential @entity101 might avoid the adverse metabolic consequences seen with conventional doses. DESIGN: Double blind randomised crossover study of two 12 week treatment periods with either low dose (1.25 mg) or conventional dose (5.0 mg) @entity3592 given after a six week placebo run in period. SETTING: Outpatient clinics serving the greater Belfast area. SUBJECTS: 16 white non- @entity6 @entity1 (9 male) under 65 with essential @entity101 recruited from general practices within the greater Belfast area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and peripheral and hepatic insulin action. RESULTS: One @entity1 failed to complete the study. There were no differences between doses in their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. @entity3592 1.25 mg had substantially less effect on serum @entity972 concentration than the 5.0 mg dose. There were no intertreatment differences in fasting @entity413 , insulin, @entity165 , and @entity412 concentrations. @entity3592 5.0 mg significantly increased postabsorptive endogenous @entity413 production compared with baseline (mean 10.9 (SD 1.2) v 10.0 (0.8) mumol/kg/min), whereas @entity3592 1.25 mg did not. Postabsorptive endogenous @entity413 production was significantly higher with @entity3592 5.0 mg compared with 1.25 mg (10.9 (1.2) v 9.9 (0.8) mumol/kg/min) but was suppressed to a similar extent after insulin ( @entity3592 5.0 mg 2.8 (1.5) mumol/kg/min v @entity3592 1.25 mg 2.2 (1.5) mumol/kg/min). Exogenous @entity413 infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia were not significantly different between doses and were similar to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3592 1.25 mg is as effective as conventional doses but has less adverse metabolic effect. In contrast with conventional doses, low dose @entity3592 has no effect on hepatic insulin action. There is no difference between low and conventional doses of @entity3592 in their effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity.

title: Effects of low dose versus conventional dose @entity2740 diuretic on insulin action in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3592 :: ('MESH:D001539', 'Chemical') :: ['bendrofluazide', 'Bendrofluazide']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see whether low dose @entity2740 diuretics given to @entity1 with essential @entity101 might avoid the adverse metabolic consequences seen with conventional doses. DESIGN: Double blind randomised crossover study of two 12 week treatment periods with either low dose (1.25 mg) or conventional dose (5.0 mg) @entity3592 given after a six week placebo run in period. SETTING: Outpatient clinics serving the greater Belfast area. SUBJECTS: 16 white non- @entity6 @entity1 (9 male) under 65 with essential @entity101 recruited from general practices within the greater Belfast area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and peripheral and hepatic insulin action. RESULTS: One @entity1 failed to complete the study. There were no differences between doses in their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. @entity3592 1.25 mg had substantially less effect on serum @entity972 concentration than the 5.0 mg dose. There were no intertreatment differences in fasting @entity413 , insulin, @entity165 , and @entity412 concentrations. @entity3592 5.0 mg significantly increased postabsorptive endogenous @entity413 production compared with baseline (mean 10.9 (SD 1.2) v 10.0 (0.8) mumol/kg/min), whereas @entity3592 1.25 mg did not. Postabsorptive endogenous @entity413 production was significantly higher with @entity3592 5.0 mg compared with 1.25 mg (10.9 (1.2) v 9.9 (0.8) mumol/kg/min) but was suppressed to a similar extent after insulin ( @entity3592 5.0 mg 2.8 (1.5) mumol/kg/min v @entity3592 1.25 mg 2.2 (1.5) mumol/kg/min). Exogenous @entity413 infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia were not significantly different between doses and were similar to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3592 1.25 mg is as effective as conventional doses but has less adverse metabolic effect. In contrast with conventional doses, low dose @entity3592 has no effect on hepatic insulin action. There is no difference between low and conventional doses of @entity3592 in their effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity.

title: Effects of low dose versus conventional dose XXXX diuretic on insulin action in essential @entity101 .

answer: @entity2740 :: (CHEBI:50264,Chemical) :: ['thiazide']


abstract: 43 cases with @entity16453 were observed in over 20 years. The indications for surgery of @entity16453 and the different surgical approaches are discussed in detail. The transnasal approach should be performed in emergency situations or as first-aid treatment; the transmaxillary approach cannot be recommended any longer. The transpalatinal approach with the head in inclined position under microsurgical conditions has proved to be the surgical procedure of choice in most situations. 40 @entity1 were operated on during infancy or childhood and followed up subsequently. 5 @entity1 showed bilateral @entity16453 ; the other @entity1 had unilateral complete @entity1146 . In 9 @entity1 a transnasal approach was performed, in 7 cases there was recurrence of @entity850 ; after transpalatinal re-operations, relapse occurred in one case only. One @entity1 was operated on via the transmaxillary approach. In 30 cases the transpalatinal approach was the method of operation; relapse was seen in 6 cases only and could be revised by transpalatinal approach, excepted for one case. Our own experience and the present results show that the transpalatinal approach is suitable for adults as well as newborn and @entity1 . On account of the better view of the operating area and optimal conditions for reconstruction, the transpalatinal approach is safer and long-term results are good.

title: [Congenital XXXX and surgical correction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['complete stenosis']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia', 'congenital choanal atresia']

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']


abstract: We studied 24 @entity1 with end-stage @entity177 not treated with hemodialysis ( @entity20583 ) and 16 @entity1 on regular hemodialysis ( @entity27713 ), to investigate the digestive, absorptive and morphological aspects of the small intestinal mucosa. Serum d-xylose test and biochemical parameters of absorption (serum @entity460 and proteins) were determined. Jejunal mucosal biopsies were obtained and tissue homogenates assayed for disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase and @entity290 ) and dipeptidases ( @entity20538 -glycinase, leucyl-glycinase and @entity34186 ). Histological changes were classified according to the severity of abnormality and compared with biopsies obtained from control subjects. Serum d-xylose test, @entity460 and proteins were normal in @entity1 with @entity6192 . Maltase specific activity was higher in @entity20583 than in controls (p less than 0.05). @entity290 and @entity34186 showed a tendency to decrease in @entity6192 , but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Sucrase, @entity20538 -glycinase and @entity31120 -glycinase specific activity in @entity6192 was similar to the control group. Histological changes of the small intestinal mucosa of mild to moderate degree were noted in 68% of @entity1 with @entity6192 vs 36% in control subjects (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was noted in the incidence of absorptive, enzymatic (with the exception of maltase) and histological changes between the two groups of @entity1 with @entity6192 . These changes are not influenced by hemodialysis, a long-term treatment averaging 6 months, they appear to represent primary manifestations of @entity6192 and may be related to the nutritional status of @entity1 with @entity6192 .

title: Small intestinal function and structure in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity34186 :: ('51056', 'Gene') :: ['leucyl-aminopeptidase']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: We studied 24 @entity1 with end-stage @entity177 not treated with hemodialysis ( @entity20583 ) and 16 @entity1 on regular hemodialysis ( @entity27713 ), to investigate the digestive, absorptive and morphological aspects of the small intestinal mucosa. Serum d-xylose test and biochemical parameters of absorption (serum @entity460 and proteins) were determined. Jejunal mucosal biopsies were obtained and tissue homogenates assayed for disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase and @entity290 ) and dipeptidases ( @entity20538 -glycinase, leucyl-glycinase and @entity34186 ). Histological changes were classified according to the severity of abnormality and compared with biopsies obtained from control subjects. Serum d-xylose test, @entity460 and proteins were normal in @entity1 with @entity6192 . Maltase specific activity was higher in @entity20583 than in controls (p less than 0.05). @entity290 and @entity34186 showed a tendency to decrease in @entity6192 , but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Sucrase, @entity20538 -glycinase and @entity31120 -glycinase specific activity in @entity6192 was similar to the control group. Histological changes of the small intestinal mucosa of mild to moderate degree were noted in 68% of @entity1 with @entity6192 vs 36% in control subjects (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was noted in the incidence of absorptive, enzymatic (with the exception of maltase) and histological changes between the two groups of @entity1 with @entity6192 . These changes are not influenced by hemodialysis, a long-term treatment averaging 6 months, they appear to represent primary manifestations of @entity6192 and may be related to the nutritional status of @entity1 with @entity6192 .

title: Small intestinal function and structure in XXXX with @entity177 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A radiological follow-up study of @entity75 in the distal ulna was carried out in 58 Danish Landrace breeding sows for a period of 15 months (October 1992 to December 1993). This was part of a major project involving the radiological investigation of articular-epiphyseal and physeal development to investigate @entity75 in @entity1707 . The radiological lesions were graded from 1 to 5 with increasing severity. It was observed that not all @entity1707 passed through all grades. Only 21% of the @entity1707 had no radiological @entity75 (grade 1) during the first radiography series. After 5-7 months, the number of @entity1707 without @entity75 were observed to have increased dramatically (21-69%), but the converse was true for grades 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 4 (severe) and 5 (very severe): (33-17%), (21-9%), (19-5%) and (7-0%) respectively. This was observed with increasing age and weight. The 3rd radiography series indicated that the percentage of @entity1707 without @entity75 increased up to 82%, and that grades 2, 3, and 4 had fallen to 14%, 2% and 2% respectively, while grade five remained at 0%. This indicated that the distal ulna @entity75 can be important in breeding @entity1707 during the period of growth before first pregnancy. During the first pregnancy the osteochondral ossification fault can be corrected, and the lesions heal. The ulna growth plates were not closed at the second, but mostly closing during the third radiography series.

title: The sequelae of distal ulna physeal dyschondroplasia (osteochondrosis) lesions in breeding XXXX --a radiological investigation in Danish Landrace @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondrotic lesions', 'osteochondrotic radiological lesions']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: A radiological follow-up study of @entity75 in the distal ulna was carried out in 58 Danish Landrace breeding sows for a period of 15 months (October 1992 to December 1993). This was part of a major project involving the radiological investigation of articular-epiphyseal and physeal development to investigate @entity75 in @entity1707 . The radiological lesions were graded from 1 to 5 with increasing severity. It was observed that not all @entity1707 passed through all grades. Only 21% of the @entity1707 had no radiological @entity75 (grade 1) during the first radiography series. After 5-7 months, the number of @entity1707 without @entity75 were observed to have increased dramatically (21-69%), but the converse was true for grades 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 4 (severe) and 5 (very severe): (33-17%), (21-9%), (19-5%) and (7-0%) respectively. This was observed with increasing age and weight. The 3rd radiography series indicated that the percentage of @entity1707 without @entity75 increased up to 82%, and that grades 2, 3, and 4 had fallen to 14%, 2% and 2% respectively, while grade five remained at 0%. This indicated that the distal ulna @entity75 can be important in breeding @entity1707 during the period of growth before first pregnancy. During the first pregnancy the osteochondral ossification fault can be corrected, and the lesions heal. The ulna growth plates were not closed at the second, but mostly closing during the third radiography series.

title: The sequelae of distal ulna physeal dyschondroplasia (osteochondrosis) lesions in breeding @entity1707 --a radiological investigation in Danish Landrace XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: We report the cloning and sequence determination of the @entity19 @entity7728 gene. This gene is under the genetic control of two trans-acting loci in the @entity19 , termed raf and Rif. These loci determine the adult basal and inducible levels, respectively, of @entity7728 mRNA, as well as the mRNA for @entity7007 . By elucidating the sequence and structure of the @entity7728 gene we show that it is unrelated to the @entity7007 gene, and therefore must have acquired its regulation by raf and Rif independently. The sequence also indicates that the @entity7728 gene has a very unusual structure. It is composed of five exons, 1307, 135, 119, 127 and 560 bp in size, along with four very small introns whose combined lengths are 270 bases. The largest open reading frame of the gene, sufficient to encode a protein of approximately 14 kd, is contained entirely within the first large exon, 680 bases downstream of the cap site of the mRNA. Preceding the translation initiation codon are four ATG codons, each of which is followed shortly thereafter by translation terminator codons. The rest of the gene, which encompasses all five exons, is presumed to be untranslated. That the long 5' untranslated region may be used to regulate the translation of the mRNA is suggested from in vitro translation studies. Experiments which utilized tissue culture cell lines of the mesodermal lineage suggest that the gene is activated very early during muscle cell differentiation.

title: The structure and expression of a novel gene activated in early XXXX embryogenesis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: To determine the cardiorespiratory response to maximal exercise before, during and after the pubescent growth spurt, thirty @entity1 were tested at yearly intervals over a period of six consecutive years. For each individual, peak height velocity (PHV) was determined. The age at @entity43577 (X = 13.6 years) was taken as a standard of maturation. The results from all subjects at 1.5 and 0.5 years before and 0.5 and 1.5 years after PHV are presented. The highest @entity26 uptake (VO2) obtained during an incremental bicycle ergometer test to voluntary exhaustion was taken as peak @entity26 uptake (VO2 peak). Across each of the four years studied, mean VO2 peak (min = 49.6; max = 52.5 ml.kg-1.min-1) and mean heart rate (HR) at VO2 peak (min = 190; max = 192) did not change significantly as a function of PHV. On the other hand, the respiratory quotient at VO2 peak increased considerably from mean minima and maxima of 0.99 and 1.01 before PHV to 1.07 and 1.10 after PHV. Ventilatory equivalent for VO2 (VE/VO2), taken as an indicator of ventilatory economy, seemed to be unaffected by the maturation process. The steepest increase in circumpubertal @entity26 pulse was found one year after PHV. Average stability coefficients (r), calculated from the inter-years correlations were high for height (r = 0.95), weight (r = 0.92), HR at VO2 peak (r = 0.74), VO2 peak in 1/min (r = 0.71), @entity26 pulse (r = 0.68) and tidal volume (r = 0.64).

title: Aerobic power and pubertal peak height velocity in Belgian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: @entity1063 (NE)-induced increase in @entity26 consumption (VO2) and colonic temperature (Tc) was greater in cold-acclimated @entity35 housed at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks (CA) than warm-acclimated controls housed at 24 degrees C for 4 weeks (WA). On the other hand, shivering activity measured at 4 degrees C was less in CA than in WA, while @entity1169 administration eliminated the difference between these two groups by enhancing shivering in CA. Wet weight and protein content of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were greater in CA than in WA. Following cold acclimation, CA were deacclimated at 24 degrees C for 5 weeks. During deacclimation, half of this latter group were forced to run (15 m.min-1 for 1 h) every day ( @entity1050 ) while the remaining @entity35 remained sedentary (CD-S). Shivering activity assessed at 4 degrees C 4 weeks after commencing cold deacclimation was significantly less in @entity1050 than in CD-S and the difference disappeared following @entity1169 injection. VO2 and Tc responses to NE injection measured 1, 2 and 5 weeks after commencing cold deacclimation did not differ between CD-S and @entity1050 . Although IBAT weight was lighter in @entity1050 than in CD-S, its total protein content was not different between the latter two groups of @entity35 . These results suggest that a greater degree of NE-independent nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is retained in @entity35 that are exercised during the process of deacclimation as compared with animals that are sedentary. This difference in NST would not seem to be directly related to BAT thermogenic capacity.

title: Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in exercised cold-deacclimated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Inhalation of aerosols of the @entity11540 / @entity21806 polymer (U-5100) evaluated in this study has previously been shown in acute and 2-week studies to produce toxicologic effects on the lungs, with increased lung weights and microscopic findings of congestion and @entity548 of @entity358 and @entity39 of alveolar epithelial cells (D. R. Klonne, D.J. Nachreiner, D. E. Dodd, P. E. Losco, and T.R. Tyler, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9, 773-784). In the present studies, F-344 @entity35 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 day/week for 2 weeks to aerosols at mean concentrations of 0, 0.9, or 5.0 mg/m3 or for 13 weeks to mean concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.1, or 5.2 mg/m3. Following the 2-week study, minimal multifocal @entity548 and eosinophilic proteinaceous debris in alveoli were observed in the 0.9 mg/m3 group; similar lesions plus @entity39 were found in the 5 mg/m3 group. In the 13-week study, the 5.2 mg/m3 group had a slight decrease in body @entity1017 , while increases in absolute and/or relative lung weights occurred for both the 1.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 groups at the end of the exposure regimen and at the end of a 5-week recovery period. Histologic lesions of the lungs occurred in all U-5100-exposed groups and consisted of @entity548 , @entity133 , @entity401 , and multifocal @entity82 . The incidence and severity of the @entity358 were concentration related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary fibrosis produced in F-344 @entity35 by subchronic inhalation of aerosols of a 4000 molecular weight @entity11540 / XXXX polymer.

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity21806 :: ('MESH:C009068', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'alveolar cell necrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar histocytosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions', 'pulmonary alveolar capillaries']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity21806 :: (MESH:C009068,Chemical) :: ['propylene oxide']


abstract: Inhalation of aerosols of the @entity11540 / @entity21806 polymer (U-5100) evaluated in this study has previously been shown in acute and 2-week studies to produce toxicologic effects on the lungs, with increased lung weights and microscopic findings of congestion and @entity548 of @entity358 and @entity39 of alveolar epithelial cells (D. R. Klonne, D.J. Nachreiner, D. E. Dodd, P. E. Losco, and T.R. Tyler, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9, 773-784). In the present studies, F-344 @entity35 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 day/week for 2 weeks to aerosols at mean concentrations of 0, 0.9, or 5.0 mg/m3 or for 13 weeks to mean concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.1, or 5.2 mg/m3. Following the 2-week study, minimal multifocal @entity548 and eosinophilic proteinaceous debris in alveoli were observed in the 0.9 mg/m3 group; similar lesions plus @entity39 were found in the 5 mg/m3 group. In the 13-week study, the 5.2 mg/m3 group had a slight decrease in body @entity1017 , while increases in absolute and/or relative lung weights occurred for both the 1.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 groups at the end of the exposure regimen and at the end of a 5-week recovery period. Histologic lesions of the lungs occurred in all U-5100-exposed groups and consisted of @entity548 , @entity133 , @entity401 , and multifocal @entity82 . The incidence and severity of the @entity358 were concentration related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary fibrosis produced in F-344 @entity35 by subchronic inhalation of aerosols of a 4000 molecular weight XXXX / @entity21806 polymer.

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['ethylene oxide']


abstract: Inhalation of aerosols of the @entity11540 / @entity21806 polymer (U-5100) evaluated in this study has previously been shown in acute and 2-week studies to produce toxicologic effects on the lungs, with increased lung weights and microscopic findings of congestion and @entity548 of @entity358 and @entity39 of alveolar epithelial cells (D. R. Klonne, D.J. Nachreiner, D. E. Dodd, P. E. Losco, and T.R. Tyler, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9, 773-784). In the present studies, F-344 @entity35 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 day/week for 2 weeks to aerosols at mean concentrations of 0, 0.9, or 5.0 mg/m3 or for 13 weeks to mean concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.1, or 5.2 mg/m3. Following the 2-week study, minimal multifocal @entity548 and eosinophilic proteinaceous debris in alveoli were observed in the 0.9 mg/m3 group; similar lesions plus @entity39 were found in the 5 mg/m3 group. In the 13-week study, the 5.2 mg/m3 group had a slight decrease in body @entity1017 , while increases in absolute and/or relative lung weights occurred for both the 1.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 groups at the end of the exposure regimen and at the end of a 5-week recovery period. Histologic lesions of the lungs occurred in all U-5100-exposed groups and consisted of @entity548 , @entity133 , @entity401 , and multifocal @entity82 . The incidence and severity of the @entity358 were concentration related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary fibrosis produced in F-344 XXXX by subchronic inhalation of aerosols of a 4000 molecular weight @entity11540 / @entity21806 polymer.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin was defined in growing-finishing @entity291 (84 heifers and 84 steers). @entity291 were allotted by sex and weight replication (light and heavy) to 24 pens. Six dosages (D) of @entity73311 (0, 3.7, 7.3, 11.0, 14.7 and 18.3 mg/kg, @entity62 [ @entity62 ] basis) were fed. Diets containing 40, 25 and 10% roughage were fed for 84, 56 and either 56 (heavy replication) or 91 d (light replication), respectively. Average starting weights were 242 and 270 kg and ending weights were 433 and 480 kg for heifers and steers, respectively. No interactions existed for ionophore with sex (P greater than .2) over the trial. Ionophore treatment did not affect overall average daily gain (.94 kg/d; P greater than .2). Daily @entity62 intake (kg/d) decreased linearly as the level of tetronasin increased (8.4-.042D (dosage), r2 = .83, P less than .001). Gain efficiency (gain/feed, kg/100 kg @entity62 ) increased curvilinearly as ionophore dosage increased (11 + .16D - .0058D2, r2 = .77, P less than .001). Solving the first derivative indicated an optimum dose for gain efficiency improvement of 13.8 mg/kg. The gain efficiency response was greatest the first 84 d, less the next 56 d and minimal the last 56 or 91 d (20, 7 and 2% improvement for D = 14.7 mg/kg, respectively). Tetronasin was found to improve gain efficiency by about 10% over control at an optimum dosage of 13.8 mg/kg.

title: Dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin in growing-finishing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity73311 :: ('MESH:C055416', 'Chemical') :: ['tetronasin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Nineteen @entity281 after total hip arthroplasty were treated with prolonged suppressive antibiotics without removing the components. In 11, antibiotic therapy was monitored with serum bactericidal titers. Eleven had incision and drainage. Indications included @entity1 ' refusal of removal or medical contraindications to surgery. Requirements included well-fixed components, highly sensitive organisms, and no systemic @entity295 . The follow-up period averaged 4.1 years after treatment. Nine hips showed no deterioration. Seven prostheses failed, five with progressive @entity572 . Three @entity1 had increasing symptoms without prosthesis removal. Although two-stage reimplantation is preferred, suppressive antibiotics and prosthesis retention can succeed in some @entity1 and may be considered in old, frail @entity1 with an @entity281 caused by bacteria responsive to oral antibiotic therapy. Suppressive therapy may also be considered for an otherwise compliant @entity1 who refuses removal of an infected prosthesis. The organism must be sensitive to oral antibiotics, and the @entity1 must be tolerant of the antibiotics.

title: Prolonged suppression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early infection', 'periprosthetic infections']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip sepsis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection in total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: Finnish Landrace x Southdown ewes were ovariectomized (OVX) and subjected to daily photoperiods of 16L:8D (Group I) or 8L:16D (Group II) for 84 days. Ewes were then either adrenalectomized (ADX) (N = 5 for Group I; N = 4 for Group II) or sham ADX (N = 6 for Groups I + II). After surgery, ewes in Group I were subjected to 8L:16D for 91 days and 16L:8D for 91 days whereas ewes in Group II were exposed to 16L:8D for 91 days and 8L:16D for 91 days. @entity53 implants were inserted into all ewes on Day 148. Sequential blood samples were taken at 28, 56, 91, 119, 147 and 168 days after surgery to determine secretory profiles of LH and @entity4090 . Photoperiod did not influence LH release in Group I in the absence of @entity53 . Although photoperiod influenced frequency and amplitude of LH pulses in Group II before @entity53 treatment, adrenalectomy did not prevent these changes in patterns of LH release. However, in Group II the increase in LH pulse amplitude during exposure to long days was greater (P less than 0.01) in adrenalectomized ewes than in sham-operated ewes. Mean concentrations of LH increased in ADX ewes on Days 91 (P = 0.07) and 119 (P less than 0.05). Adrenalectomy failed to influence photoperiod-induced changes in mean concentrations of LH, amplitude of LH pulses and frequency of LH pulses in the presence of @entity53 . Concentrations of @entity4090 were influenced by photoperiod. In Groups I and II concentrations of @entity4090 increased (P less than 0.01) after adrenalectomy, but the magnitude of this effect decreased over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of adrenalectomy on photoperiod-induced changes in release of luteinizing hormone and XXXX in ovariectomized ewes.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestradiol', 'oestradiol']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether initiating @entity1091 with predictive dosing compared with empiric dosing improves outcome in @entity1 with @entity162 . DESIGN: The study was a randomized, single-blind design and used the Modified Slattery predictive method. SETTING AND @entity1 : Eighteen inpatients at an urban @entity146 hospital with a @entity162 ( @entity162 ) score greater than or equal to 24 were enrolled. OUTCOME MEASURES: The study endpoint was defined as an @entity162 rating less than or equal to 14 or discharge from the hospital. Assessments ( @entity162 , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Systematic Assessment for Treatment of Emergent Events Scale, quality of life measures) were completed at baseline, on days 3 or 4 and 7 or 8, and weekly thereafter. RESULTS: The predictive group achieved a therapeutic concentration significantly sooner than did the empiric group (p = 0.004); however, the mean serum @entity1091 concentration at discharge did not differ between the groups. The predictive group was taking significantly higher dosages of antipsychotics in @entity2644 equivalents on day 3 or 4 (p = 0.05). Significantly fewer @entity344 genitourinary adverse effects on day 3 or 4 were reported by @entity1 in the predictive group (p = 0.04). No difference was found between groups with any rating scale or other pharmacokinetic or medication item. Even though the difference did not meet statistical significance, the predictive group's length of stay in the acute unit was three days shorter than that of the empiric group, which may represent significant cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data do not suggest that @entity1 outcome is improved by using Modified Slattery predictive dosing; however, the suggestion of a shorter length of stay in a restrictive unit merits further evaluation.

title: Preliminary comparison of predictive and empiric XXXX dosing: impact on @entity1 outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Mania Rating Scale', 'manic symptoms', 'MRS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal/']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether initiating @entity1091 with predictive dosing compared with empiric dosing improves outcome in @entity1 with @entity162 . DESIGN: The study was a randomized, single-blind design and used the Modified Slattery predictive method. SETTING AND @entity1 : Eighteen inpatients at an urban @entity146 hospital with a @entity162 ( @entity162 ) score greater than or equal to 24 were enrolled. OUTCOME MEASURES: The study endpoint was defined as an @entity162 rating less than or equal to 14 or discharge from the hospital. Assessments ( @entity162 , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Systematic Assessment for Treatment of Emergent Events Scale, quality of life measures) were completed at baseline, on days 3 or 4 and 7 or 8, and weekly thereafter. RESULTS: The predictive group achieved a therapeutic concentration significantly sooner than did the empiric group (p = 0.004); however, the mean serum @entity1091 concentration at discharge did not differ between the groups. The predictive group was taking significantly higher dosages of antipsychotics in @entity2644 equivalents on day 3 or 4 (p = 0.05). Significantly fewer @entity344 genitourinary adverse effects on day 3 or 4 were reported by @entity1 in the predictive group (p = 0.04). No difference was found between groups with any rating scale or other pharmacokinetic or medication item. Even though the difference did not meet statistical significance, the predictive group's length of stay in the acute unit was three days shorter than that of the empiric group, which may represent significant cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data do not suggest that @entity1 outcome is improved by using Modified Slattery predictive dosing; however, the suggestion of a shorter length of stay in a restrictive unit merits further evaluation.

title: Preliminary comparison of predictive and empiric @entity1091 dosing: impact on XXXX outcome.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the methods and results of treatment in @entity1 with an @entity12512 ( @entity12512 ) at a single institution where an absorbable mesh closure (AMC) is most commonly used. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in @entity12512 @entity1 from January 2001 to June 2007. Outcomes were analyzed in terms of enteroatmospheric @entity292 (EAF) formation and survival. RESULTS: There were 73 @entity12512 @entity1 receiving definitive closures (40 @entity130 and 33 nontrauma). Twenty-four @entity1 were able to undergo a delayed primary @entity4438 (DPFC) after initial vacuum pack closure (DPFC rate 33%). The DPFC rate was significantly lower in @entity1 with an associated @entity281 or contamination (9% vs 44%, P = 0.002). The EAF and mortality rates of the DPFC group were 0% and 13%, respectively. Absorbable mesh closure was used in 41 of 49 @entity1 who failed DPFC (84%). There were 9 @entity1 who had EAF (overall EAF rate 12%), 6 of whom were in the AMC group (EAF rate 15%). The overall and AMC group mortality rates were 29% and 37%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Absorbable mesh closure carries high EAF and mortality rates. Therefore, DPFC should be considered as the primary closure method. Absorbable mesh closure should be reserved for @entity1 who fail DPFC, especially those with @entity298 or contamination.

title: Management of XXXX with an absorbable mesh closure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial closure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12512 :: ('MESH:D000006', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'open abdomen']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity12512 :: (MESH:D000006,Disease) :: ['open abdomen']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of measuring preoperative @entity5 extent using automated breast ultrasonography (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 40 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity0 . All of the @entity1 underwent automated breast US (ABVS; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) on the day before the surgery. The sizes of the lesions on US were measured on coronal multiplanar reconstruction images using the ABVS workstation. Histopathological measurement of @entity5 size included not only the invasive foci but also any in situ component and was used as the gold standard. The discrepancy of the @entity5 extent between automated breast US and the histological examination was calculated. RESULTS: Automated breast US enabled visualization of the @entity0 in all @entity1 . The mean size of the lesions on US was 12 mm (range 4-62 mm). The histopathological diagnosis was @entity513 in situ (DCIS) in seven @entity1 and @entity513 in 33 @entity1 (18 without an intraductal component, 15 with an intraductal component). Lesions ranged in diameter from 4 to 65 mm (mean 16 mm). The accuracy of determination of the @entity5 extent with a deviation in length of <2 cm was 98% (39/40). CONCLUSION: Automated breast US is thought to be useful for evaluating @entity5 extent preoperatively.

title: Accuracy of determining preoperative XXXX extent measured by automated breast ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity528 is a late complication of @entity1411 in @entity1201 . The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of this complication in Morocco. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2000 to December 2009 at the National Center of @entity1201 . All our @entity1 had a histological confirmation. Ten @entity1 were included in this study. There were seven @entity1 and three @entity1 , with a mean age of 58.8 years. Six @entity1 had a multibacillary form of @entity1201 and four had a paucibacillary form. The average duration of @entity1411 was 34.4 years. Clinical appearance at diagnosis was an @entity5 . Treatment was by radical amputation. Evolution was marked by metastatic spread in six @entity1 . One @entity1 died of disseminated disease. In Morocco, @entity1201 has been on the decline since 1990, but the occurrence of late complications in the @entity1201 @entity1 as @entity189 persists. Prevention of these complications should be part of the national fight against @entity1201 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity1201 : experience of National @entity1201 Center in Casablanca].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative and vegetative tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of plantar ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar ulcers', 'the plantar ulcers']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Leprosy (CNL) in Casablanca', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['Malignant transformation of plantar ulcers']


abstract: @entity528 is a late complication of @entity1411 in @entity1201 . The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of this complication in Morocco. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2000 to December 2009 at the National Center of @entity1201 . All our @entity1 had a histological confirmation. Ten @entity1 were included in this study. There were seven @entity1 and three @entity1 , with a mean age of 58.8 years. Six @entity1 had a multibacillary form of @entity1201 and four had a paucibacillary form. The average duration of @entity1411 was 34.4 years. Clinical appearance at diagnosis was an @entity5 . Treatment was by radical amputation. Evolution was marked by metastatic spread in six @entity1 . One @entity1 died of disseminated disease. In Morocco, @entity1201 has been on the decline since 1990, but the occurrence of late complications in the @entity1201 @entity1 as @entity189 persists. Prevention of these complications should be part of the national fight against @entity1201 .

title: [ @entity1411 in XXXX : experience of National @entity1201 Center in Casablanca].

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: @entity528 is a late complication of @entity1411 in @entity1201 . The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of this complication in Morocco. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2000 to December 2009 at the National Center of @entity1201 . All our @entity1 had a histological confirmation. Ten @entity1 were included in this study. There were seven @entity1 and three @entity1 , with a mean age of 58.8 years. Six @entity1 had a multibacillary form of @entity1201 and four had a paucibacillary form. The average duration of @entity1411 was 34.4 years. Clinical appearance at diagnosis was an @entity5 . Treatment was by radical amputation. Evolution was marked by metastatic spread in six @entity1 . One @entity1 died of disseminated disease. In Morocco, @entity1201 has been on the decline since 1990, but the occurrence of late complications in the @entity1201 @entity1 as @entity189 persists. Prevention of these complications should be part of the national fight against @entity1201 .

title: [ @entity1411 in @entity1201 : experience of National XXXX Center in Casablanca].

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['Leprosy']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity1653 were operated upon by the middle fossa transpetrosal-transtentorial approaches since 1977. Half of those showed @entity5 extension into the middle fossa and one-third in the cavernous sinus. Seventeen (40%) had a large @entity5 of 40 mm in diameter or larger, and 8 of those had a broad attachment from the clivus to petrous pyramid of the temporal bone. The site of pyramid resection was selected from three types, depending on the @entity5 location and the @entity1 ' pre-operative hearing. There was no surgical mortality. Significant risk of lower @entity129 was minimal and useful hearing was preserved in 18 out of 21 @entity1 . The follow-up, an average of 4 and a half years, showed @entity5 were completely eradicated in 32 @entity1 (76%) and there was regrowth in 3 (7%). Thirty-four @entity1 (81%) were independent, 3 disabled and only one died of rapid @entity5 regrowth. The most influential factor on surgical results was the extent to which the @entity5 had invaded the brain stem. The presence or absence of arterial encasement and of peritumoural @entity4 on MRI were important in the selection for radical surgery.

title: Middle fossa transpetrosal-transtentorial approaches for XXXX . Selective pyramid resection and radicality.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves palsy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['petroclival meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['petroclival meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reports of @entity30 ( @entity30 )-associated @entity14 are being cited in the medical literature with increasing frequency. Our aim was to identify subgroups of @entity1 with risk factors that may account for this. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity1 with the simultaneous diagnosis of @entity30 and @entity14 and, in addition, reviewed previously reported cases of @entity30 -associated @entity14 . RESULTS: Eight male and eight female @entity1 presented with 18 @entity189 : four right colon, four transverse, two descending colon, and eight rectal lesions. Median age at presentation was 48 yr. The mean duration of @entity30 before presentation of @entity189 was 19.7 yr. Two lesions were discovered in strictured bowel segments. Two @entity1 had @entity5 . One had simultaneous cecal and left @entity694 . The other underwent resection of a right @entity1049 and 5 yr later presented with transverse @entity694 . Eight @entity1 had @entity5 ; all were diagnosed preoperatively. Six of these @entity1 had a history of severe perianal @entity30 . Six had undergone multiple incision and drainage procedures for perirectal abscesses and @entity292 . Two developed @entity5 in defunctionalized rectal stumps. One of these @entity1 presented with simultaneous @entity957 and @entity1157 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity344 in association with @entity30 has been reported. Symptoms of @entity102 may obscure clinical manifestations of @entity5 and thereby delay diagnosis. @entity30 @entity1 with long-standing anorectal or perianal disease and @entity850 may well warrant surveillance endoscopy and biopsy of involved areas with the hope of earlier detection and treatment of these @entity5 .

title: XXXX and @entity14 : @entity5 complicating longstanding active perianal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'multiple cancers', 'rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer', 'occult malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bile duct cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinomas', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's", "Crohn's disease", 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon lesion']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reports of @entity30 ( @entity30 )-associated @entity14 are being cited in the medical literature with increasing frequency. Our aim was to identify subgroups of @entity1 with risk factors that may account for this. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity1 with the simultaneous diagnosis of @entity30 and @entity14 and, in addition, reviewed previously reported cases of @entity30 -associated @entity14 . RESULTS: Eight male and eight female @entity1 presented with 18 @entity189 : four right colon, four transverse, two descending colon, and eight rectal lesions. Median age at presentation was 48 yr. The mean duration of @entity30 before presentation of @entity189 was 19.7 yr. Two lesions were discovered in strictured bowel segments. Two @entity1 had @entity5 . One had simultaneous cecal and left @entity694 . The other underwent resection of a right @entity1049 and 5 yr later presented with transverse @entity694 . Eight @entity1 had @entity5 ; all were diagnosed preoperatively. Six of these @entity1 had a history of severe perianal @entity30 . Six had undergone multiple incision and drainage procedures for perirectal abscesses and @entity292 . Two developed @entity5 in defunctionalized rectal stumps. One of these @entity1 presented with simultaneous @entity957 and @entity1157 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity344 in association with @entity30 has been reported. Symptoms of @entity102 may obscure clinical manifestations of @entity5 and thereby delay diagnosis. @entity30 @entity1 with long-standing anorectal or perianal disease and @entity850 may well warrant surveillance endoscopy and biopsy of involved areas with the hope of earlier detection and treatment of these @entity5 .

title: @entity30 and XXXX : @entity5 complicating longstanding active perianal disease.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reports of @entity30 ( @entity30 )-associated @entity14 are being cited in the medical literature with increasing frequency. Our aim was to identify subgroups of @entity1 with risk factors that may account for this. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity1 with the simultaneous diagnosis of @entity30 and @entity14 and, in addition, reviewed previously reported cases of @entity30 -associated @entity14 . RESULTS: Eight male and eight female @entity1 presented with 18 @entity189 : four right colon, four transverse, two descending colon, and eight rectal lesions. Median age at presentation was 48 yr. The mean duration of @entity30 before presentation of @entity189 was 19.7 yr. Two lesions were discovered in strictured bowel segments. Two @entity1 had @entity5 . One had simultaneous cecal and left @entity694 . The other underwent resection of a right @entity1049 and 5 yr later presented with transverse @entity694 . Eight @entity1 had @entity5 ; all were diagnosed preoperatively. Six of these @entity1 had a history of severe perianal @entity30 . Six had undergone multiple incision and drainage procedures for perirectal abscesses and @entity292 . Two developed @entity5 in defunctionalized rectal stumps. One of these @entity1 presented with simultaneous @entity957 and @entity1157 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity344 in association with @entity30 has been reported. Symptoms of @entity102 may obscure clinical manifestations of @entity5 and thereby delay diagnosis. @entity30 @entity1 with long-standing anorectal or perianal disease and @entity850 may well warrant surveillance endoscopy and biopsy of involved areas with the hope of earlier detection and treatment of these @entity5 .

title: @entity30 and @entity14 : XXXX complicating longstanding active perianal disease.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of studies assessing the influence of @entity834 after @entity5 surgery on pelvic organ function and quality of life. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2006, 500 @entity1 underwent rectal resection for @entity5 at a single institution. Thirty-six @entity1 (7.2%) developed an @entity834 postoperatively. Fifteen of these @entity1 (41.6%) died during the follow-up period. A self-administering questionnaire including the International Index of Erectile Function, Female Sexual Function Index, Short Form-12 Health Survey, International Prostatic Symptom Score, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, Vaizey Incontinence Score and Wexner Constipation Score was sent to all 21 alive @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity5 resection without leakage served as controls for each case and were matched by sex, age (  5 years), type of resection, and neoadjuvant therapy (yes/no). RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (76.2%) were available and were included in the analysis. The median follow-up time was 106.8 months (32.4-170.4). @entity1241 , @entity1142 , and sexual function did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls (p = 0.1973, 0.1189, 0.8519, respectively). By contrast, urinary continence was impaired significantly in the leakage group (p = 0.0430) but not in control @entity1 . The Quality of Life assessing Short Form-12 Health Survey reached no significant difference between both groups (p = 1.0000 and 0.1973). CONCLUSION: @entity834 following anterior resection negatively aggravates urinary function but not fecal @entity322 , @entity1142 or sexual functions. The data indicate that @entity1 experiencing @entity834 can be relieved from the fear of gross pelvic floor function disturbances.

title: Pelvic organ function and quality of life after XXXX following @entity5 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakages', 'Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of studies assessing the influence of @entity834 after @entity5 surgery on pelvic organ function and quality of life. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2006, 500 @entity1 underwent rectal resection for @entity5 at a single institution. Thirty-six @entity1 (7.2%) developed an @entity834 postoperatively. Fifteen of these @entity1 (41.6%) died during the follow-up period. A self-administering questionnaire including the International Index of Erectile Function, Female Sexual Function Index, Short Form-12 Health Survey, International Prostatic Symptom Score, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, Vaizey Incontinence Score and Wexner Constipation Score was sent to all 21 alive @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity5 resection without leakage served as controls for each case and were matched by sex, age (  5 years), type of resection, and neoadjuvant therapy (yes/no). RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (76.2%) were available and were included in the analysis. The median follow-up time was 106.8 months (32.4-170.4). @entity1241 , @entity1142 , and sexual function did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls (p = 0.1973, 0.1189, 0.8519, respectively). By contrast, urinary continence was impaired significantly in the leakage group (p = 0.0430) but not in control @entity1 . The Quality of Life assessing Short Form-12 Health Survey reached no significant difference between both groups (p = 1.0000 and 0.1973). CONCLUSION: @entity834 following anterior resection negatively aggravates urinary function but not fecal @entity322 , @entity1142 or sexual functions. The data indicate that @entity1 experiencing @entity834 can be relieved from the fear of gross pelvic floor function disturbances.

title: Pelvic organ function and quality of life after @entity834 following XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term maternal prognosis in @entity1 with @entity2102 ( @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) during the index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This is a descriptive and analytic study of @entity1 with @entity2102 admitted to E.H. Crump @entity1 's Hospital between August 1977 and July 1992. @entity2102 was defined by previously published laboratory criteria. Only @entity1 who were delivered > 2 years ago were included (median 4 years, range 2 to 14 years). Data on these @entity1 were obtained from our obstetric clinics, local physicians, local health departments, and hospital records. RESULTS: Adequate follow-up data were available on 341 @entity1 . One hundred fifty-two @entity1 subsequently became pregnant. One hundred thirty-nine normotensive @entity1 had 192 subsequent pregnancies. Complications included @entity1468 (19%), @entity3152 (21%), intrauterine growth restriction (12%), abruptio placentae (2%), perinatal @entity204 (4%), and @entity2102 (3%). Seven of the 113 @entity1 with at least 5 years' follow-up (6.2%) had chronic @entity101 , and 98 received oral contraceptive pills without complications. Thirteen @entity1 with preexisting chronic @entity101 had 20 subsequent pregnancies. These @entity1 had a higher rate of @entity1468 (75%), @entity3152 (80%), intrauterine growth restriction (45%), abruptio placentae (20%), and perinatal @entity204 (40%) but a low rate of recurrent @entity2102 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2102 have an increased risk of obstetric complications in future pregnancies but a low risk for recurrent @entity2102 . Oral contraceptive pills should not be contraindicated in normotensive @entity1 .

title: Pregnancies complicated by @entity2102 ( XXXX , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['hemolysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term maternal prognosis in @entity1 with @entity2102 ( @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) during the index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This is a descriptive and analytic study of @entity1 with @entity2102 admitted to E.H. Crump @entity1 's Hospital between August 1977 and July 1992. @entity2102 was defined by previously published laboratory criteria. Only @entity1 who were delivered > 2 years ago were included (median 4 years, range 2 to 14 years). Data on these @entity1 were obtained from our obstetric clinics, local physicians, local health departments, and hospital records. RESULTS: Adequate follow-up data were available on 341 @entity1 . One hundred fifty-two @entity1 subsequently became pregnant. One hundred thirty-nine normotensive @entity1 had 192 subsequent pregnancies. Complications included @entity1468 (19%), @entity3152 (21%), intrauterine growth restriction (12%), abruptio placentae (2%), perinatal @entity204 (4%), and @entity2102 (3%). Seven of the 113 @entity1 with at least 5 years' follow-up (6.2%) had chronic @entity101 , and 98 received oral contraceptive pills without complications. Thirteen @entity1 with preexisting chronic @entity101 had 20 subsequent pregnancies. These @entity1 had a higher rate of @entity1468 (75%), @entity3152 (80%), intrauterine growth restriction (45%), abruptio placentae (20%), and perinatal @entity204 (40%) but a low rate of recurrent @entity2102 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2102 have an increased risk of obstetric complications in future pregnancies but a low risk for recurrent @entity2102 . Oral contraceptive pills should not be contraindicated in normotensive @entity1 .

title: Pregnancies complicated by XXXX ( @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity2102 :: (MESH:D017359,Disease) :: ['HELLP syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single daily dose of intravenous @entity2756 with that of multiple-dose @entity7048 in the treatment of acute @entity2885 in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. @entity1 admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute @entity2885 in pregnancy were enrolled and randomized according to a computer-generated randomization schedule. The study group received a single daily 1 gm dose of @entity2756 intravenously along with two additional doses of normal saline solution. The comparison group received three daily 2 gm doses of @entity7048 intravenously. All infusions were given on an 8-hour schedule. Treatments were continued until the @entity1 became afebrile. Each @entity1 was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of appropriate oral antibiotics as directed by urine culture and sensitivities. At follow-up visits test-of-cure cultures were obtained. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 178 @entity1 were randomized: 88 received @entity7048 and 90 @entity2756 . @entity1 demographics and presenting signs and symptoms were similar in both groups. No differences were noted between the groups regarding days of febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay, or treatment failures. CONCLUSIONS: Daily single-dose intravenous @entity2756 is as effective as multiple-dose @entity7048 in the treatment of @entity1 with acute @entity2885 during pregnancy.

title: @entity2885 in pregnancy: once-a-day @entity2756 versus multiple doses of XXXX . A randomized, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity7048 :: (MESH:D002437,Chemical) :: ['cefazolin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single daily dose of intravenous @entity2756 with that of multiple-dose @entity7048 in the treatment of acute @entity2885 in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. @entity1 admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute @entity2885 in pregnancy were enrolled and randomized according to a computer-generated randomization schedule. The study group received a single daily 1 gm dose of @entity2756 intravenously along with two additional doses of normal saline solution. The comparison group received three daily 2 gm doses of @entity7048 intravenously. All infusions were given on an 8-hour schedule. Treatments were continued until the @entity1 became afebrile. Each @entity1 was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of appropriate oral antibiotics as directed by urine culture and sensitivities. At follow-up visits test-of-cure cultures were obtained. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 178 @entity1 were randomized: 88 received @entity7048 and 90 @entity2756 . @entity1 demographics and presenting signs and symptoms were similar in both groups. No differences were noted between the groups regarding days of febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay, or treatment failures. CONCLUSIONS: Daily single-dose intravenous @entity2756 is as effective as multiple-dose @entity7048 in the treatment of @entity1 with acute @entity2885 during pregnancy.

title: @entity2885 in pregnancy: once-a-day XXXX versus multiple doses of @entity7048 . A randomized, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single daily dose of intravenous @entity2756 with that of multiple-dose @entity7048 in the treatment of acute @entity2885 in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. @entity1 admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute @entity2885 in pregnancy were enrolled and randomized according to a computer-generated randomization schedule. The study group received a single daily 1 gm dose of @entity2756 intravenously along with two additional doses of normal saline solution. The comparison group received three daily 2 gm doses of @entity7048 intravenously. All infusions were given on an 8-hour schedule. Treatments were continued until the @entity1 became afebrile. Each @entity1 was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of appropriate oral antibiotics as directed by urine culture and sensitivities. At follow-up visits test-of-cure cultures were obtained. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 178 @entity1 were randomized: 88 received @entity7048 and 90 @entity2756 . @entity1 demographics and presenting signs and symptoms were similar in both groups. No differences were noted between the groups regarding days of febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay, or treatment failures. CONCLUSIONS: Daily single-dose intravenous @entity2756 is as effective as multiple-dose @entity7048 in the treatment of @entity1 with acute @entity2885 during pregnancy.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: once-a-day @entity2756 versus multiple doses of @entity7048 . A randomized, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity2885 :: (MESH:D011704,Disease) :: ['Pyelonephritis']


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity1 with @entity14336 associated with @entity1121 is reported. The @entity1 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity591 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity4346 with @entity1619 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity1184 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity4710 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity591 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity14336 with @entity1121 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: @entity4710 in a @entity1 with @entity14336 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['giant negative T']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity14336 :: ('MESH:D008151', 'Disease') :: ['Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity1 with @entity14336 associated with @entity1121 is reported. The @entity1 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity591 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity4346 with @entity1619 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity1184 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity4710 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity591 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity14336 with @entity1121 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity14336 associated with @entity1121 .

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['Supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity1 with @entity14336 associated with @entity1121 is reported. The @entity1 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity591 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity4346 with @entity1619 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity1184 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity4710 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity591 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity14336 with @entity1121 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: @entity4710 in a @entity1 with XXXX associated with @entity1121 .

answer: @entity14336 :: (MESH:D008151,Disease) :: ['Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome']


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity1 with @entity14336 associated with @entity1121 is reported. The @entity1 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity591 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity4346 with @entity1619 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity1184 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity4710 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity591 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity14336 with @entity1121 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: @entity4710 in a XXXX with @entity14336 associated with @entity1121 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) is of great clinical significance in various liver-associated diseases. @entity409 proceeds along a sequence of three distinct phases: priming/initiation, proliferation, and termination. Compared with the recognition of the first two phases, little is known about @entity409 termination and structure/function reorganization. A combination of "omics" techniques, along with bioinformatics, may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of the late-phase @entity409 . Gene, protein, and metabolite profiles of the @entity35 liver were determined by cDNA microarray, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and HPLC-MS analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the pathways: 427 differentially expressed genes extracted from the microarray experiment revealed two expression patterns representing the early and late phase of @entity409 . Functionally, the genes expressing at a higher level at the early phase than at the late phase were mainly involved in the response to stress, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, while those expressing at a lower level at the early phase than at the late phase were mainly engaged in lipid metabolism. Compared with the sham-operation control (SH) group, 5 proteins in the 70% partial hepatectomy (70%PHx) group were upregulated at the protein level, and 3 proteins were downregulated at 168 h after the 70%PHx. @entity62705 , an upregulated @entity844 binding protein, was found to be involved in the @entity3725 ( @entity3725 ) signaling pathway. The metabolomic data confirmed the enhancement of lipid metabolism by the detection of the intermediate and final metabolites. We've concluded that increased lipid metabolism and activated @entity3725 signaling pathways play important roles in late-phase @entity409 .

title: Lipid metabolism and XXXX signaling pathways participate in late-phase liver regeneration.

entities_list: @entity3725 :: ('25747(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver regeneration', 'LR']

answer: @entity3725 :: (25747(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor']


abstract: A French cooperative study of 155 pregnancies in 103 @entity1 with @entity340 (95 mechanical, 60 bioprostheses including 27 bivalvular prostheses) is reported. Therefore, a total of 182 prostheses (108 mechanical and 74 bioprostheses) were exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The maternal outcome in the group of 108 mechanical prostheses was complicated by 16 @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) including 10 prosthetic valve @entity715 which required emergency valve replacement in 4 cases, 6 systemic @entity1031 in 13 mitral, 2 aortic and 1 pulmonary mechanical prostheses. The @entity1031 were four times more frequent in @entity1 on heparin than in those on oral anticoagulants. There were 4 deaths, 3 among the 10 prosthetic valve @entity715 (one reoperation, two @entity944 ). Seven of the 74 bioprostheses were reoperated for degeneration on average 5.9 years after the initial operation but there were no deaths or @entity1031 . The outcome of pregnancy was 99 @entity1 (63%), 49 of which were born to mothers with mechanical prostheses (53%) and 50 to mothers with bioprostheses (80%) (p < 0.001). Seven of the @entity1 were born prematurely, all mothers being on anticoagulant therapy. The birth weight was over 400 grams heavier (3 kg versus 2.6 kg) in the bioprosthesis group (p < 0.05). The 20 spontaneous @entity5852 (13%) were more common in patients on anticoagulants (17%) than in those without (2%) (p < 0.02). @entity154 due to oral anticoagulants were rare (one certain case). There was one case of @entity4219 , an abnormality which has never been described in this context. The 36 remaining pregnancies were still deaths (N = 5), abortion due to maternal @entity204 (N = 4), maternal complications (N = 8), therapeutic (N = 9) or @entity5852 (N = 10) (28 mechanical and 8 bioprostheses).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pregnancy in XXXX with heart valve prosthesis. A French retrospective cooperative study (155 cases)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary abortions', 'abortions']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deaths']

entities_list: @entity4219 :: ('MESH:D004480', 'Disease') :: ['phocomelia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular prosthesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8 is characterized by the formation of large fluid-filled epithelial cysts. To obtain renal cyst wall epithelium for in vitro study, we employed an explant culture technique using medium-hydrated collagen gel as the culture substrate. Pieces of excised cyst wall were submerged within collagen gel. Cells of the cyst lining migrated to form a polarized epithelium at the surface of the surrounding collagen gel. Regions of the outgrowth were isolated by microdissection and used as a source of cells for subculture. Cyst-derived epithelium retained the ultrastructural features of the renal cyst of origin. The cells were cuboidal and bore short apical microvilli. Cells often were joined by apical tight junctions. Intercellular channels were narrow and bordered by short microvillus projections at the basolateral membrane. Epithelial cells rested on a densely staining basal lamina. The explants commonly developed small solitary cysts within their wall that were filled with fluid. These @entity45 were lined by a simple epithelium morphologically similar to the cells that lined the explant. Explantation of @entity1 renal cyst wall to culture within collagen gel provides a reproducible method to isolate @entity8 epithelium for subculture. This method offers an alternative to the use of proteolytic enzymes to establish morphologically stable cultures of cyst lining cells for use in experimental @entity8 .

title: Explant culture of XXXX polycystic kidney.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cystic disease', 'Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['mural cysts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of present study is to establish a method that should enable us to keep a @entity1 gall-bladder epithelial tissue alive for a period long enough to observe morphological change after an exposure to a certain carcinogenic agents. @entity1 @entity1085 obtained from surgically resected specimen were kept as an explant organ culture in vitro for the first 2 weeks. They were, then, xenotransplanted to the subcutaneous (S.C.) space of the athymic @entity19 . The gall-bladder tissues obtained from 7 cases of @entity9975 and 1 case of cholecysto-choledocholithiasis were used as materials in the present study. And the longest survivor among them in the @entity19 was extensively studied in the present paper. After an interval of 4 to 27 weeks, the xenografts were recovered from the recipient @entity19 and studied by light microscopy and histochemistry. The morphological changes of the explant epithelia during the organ culture were also studied. Parts of the explants were implanted in 6 @entity19 . Each of the @entity19 received 3 pieces of explants on the s.c. space in both of their flanks. All xenografts showed subcutaneous cyst formation. The cyst obtained 4 weeks after the implantation was consisted of a monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells and those recovered from the recipient @entity19 24 and 27 weeks after the implantation were consisted of well growing columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells. In addition, sinus-like structures were observed beneath the cystic epithelia. The viability of the cells was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term maintenance of @entity1 XXXX as xenografts following explant organ culture].

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall-bladder epithelia']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gall-bladder epithelia']


abstract: The purpose of present study is to establish a method that should enable us to keep a @entity1 gall-bladder epithelial tissue alive for a period long enough to observe morphological change after an exposure to a certain carcinogenic agents. @entity1 @entity1085 obtained from surgically resected specimen were kept as an explant organ culture in vitro for the first 2 weeks. They were, then, xenotransplanted to the subcutaneous (S.C.) space of the athymic @entity19 . The gall-bladder tissues obtained from 7 cases of @entity9975 and 1 case of cholecysto-choledocholithiasis were used as materials in the present study. And the longest survivor among them in the @entity19 was extensively studied in the present paper. After an interval of 4 to 27 weeks, the xenografts were recovered from the recipient @entity19 and studied by light microscopy and histochemistry. The morphological changes of the explant epithelia during the organ culture were also studied. Parts of the explants were implanted in 6 @entity19 . Each of the @entity19 received 3 pieces of explants on the s.c. space in both of their flanks. All xenografts showed subcutaneous cyst formation. The cyst obtained 4 weeks after the implantation was consisted of a monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells and those recovered from the recipient @entity19 24 and 27 weeks after the implantation were consisted of well growing columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells. In addition, sinus-like structures were observed beneath the cystic epithelia. The viability of the cells was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term maintenance of XXXX @entity1085 as xenografts following explant organ culture].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The enteric neuromuscular junctions of snail (Helix pomatia), locust ( @entity9222 migratorioides), cockroach ( @entity564 ), @entity7136 ( @entity7136 ) and @entity16885 ( @entity16885 ) were studied by means of different light and electron microscopic methods. The @entity2387 staining revealed that the myenteric plexuses of the above species are composed of nerve cells, a network of varicose nerves and nerve bundles. Instead of highly organized ganglia, single neurons or small groups of 2-4 cells are characteristic of the invertebrates and fish studied. Catecholaminergic fluorescence induced by @entity11571 was detected in the muscular layer of the entire alimentary tract in snail and the hindgut of @entity16885 . Fluorescent nerves and perikarya were frequent in the snail gut, while only nerves and no perikarya were found in @entity16885 . A close contact between enteric muscles and nerves is the most common form of @entity3161 in both the smooth (i.e. the molluscan and fish gut) and the striated (i.e. the insect gut) musculature. The striated musculature (i.e. the insect gut, the oesophagus of @entity7136 , and the oesophagus, stomach and the midgut of @entity16885 ) also receives a synaptic input. Cytochemical evidence is provided of the cholinergic character of fish motor endplates. The ultrastructural appearance and vesicle population of certain nerve terminals suggest a universal role of aminergic and peptidergic control in gut motility.

title: XXXX : comparison of ultrastructural features in different phylogenetic groups.

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['enteric neuromuscular junction']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity9222 :: ('7004', 'Species') :: ['Locusta migratoria']

answer: @entity3161 :: (MESH:D020511,Disease) :: ['Enteric neuromuscular junctions']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The relationship between areas of thermal deficit and areas exhibiting other symptoms and neurologic signs, and the significance of the magnitude of thermal @entity51 were analyzed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical significance and value of thermal deficit as a sign of @entity614 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Thermal deficit has been discussed as a factor in the diagnosis of involved nerve roots. However, it has not been previously correlated with any particular symptoms or signs. METHODS: Sixty-eight healthy subjects and one hundred nine @entity1 with @entity614 due to @entity1798 herniation underwent thermography. Sensitivity, specificity, and the agreement rate of thermal @entity71 and neurologic signs were calculated in ten body regions. Total temperature difference of the affected limb was compared with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system. RESULTS: The agreement rates of thermal deficit with @entity158 , muscle tenderness, @entity425 , and sensory disturbance were 60.9, 69.3, 71.8, and 71.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of thermal @entity71 and signs were approximately 30% and 80%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of temperature decrease of the affected limb and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 0.57, indicating a moderate correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal deficit should be considered an independent sign of @entity614 . The relatively high specificity suggests that a normal temperature may indicate an asymptomatic region. Symptomatic severity of @entity614 may be assessed by measuring the magnitude of thermal deficit in the affected limb.

title: Thermal @entity51 . Correlations with XXXX and neurologic signs and its value for assessing symptomatic severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit to symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in lumbar radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The relationship between areas of thermal deficit and areas exhibiting other symptoms and neurologic signs, and the significance of the magnitude of thermal @entity51 were analyzed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical significance and value of thermal deficit as a sign of @entity614 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Thermal deficit has been discussed as a factor in the diagnosis of involved nerve roots. However, it has not been previously correlated with any particular symptoms or signs. METHODS: Sixty-eight healthy subjects and one hundred nine @entity1 with @entity614 due to @entity1798 herniation underwent thermography. Sensitivity, specificity, and the agreement rate of thermal @entity71 and neurologic signs were calculated in ten body regions. Total temperature difference of the affected limb was compared with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system. RESULTS: The agreement rates of thermal deficit with @entity158 , muscle tenderness, @entity425 , and sensory disturbance were 60.9, 69.3, 71.8, and 71.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of thermal @entity71 and signs were approximately 30% and 80%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of temperature decrease of the affected limb and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 0.57, indicating a moderate correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal deficit should be considered an independent sign of @entity614 . The relatively high specificity suggests that a normal temperature may indicate an asymptomatic region. Symptomatic severity of @entity614 may be assessed by measuring the magnitude of thermal deficit in the affected limb.

title: Thermal XXXX . Correlations with @entity158 and neurologic signs and its value for assessing symptomatic severity.

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['deficit in lumbar radiculopathy']


abstract: Malnutrition is a frequently observed complication of total gastrectomy. Does the mode of reconstructing the alimentary tract bear part of the responsibility? We assessed our experience from January 1975 to 1992 to analyze this issue. A series of 64 total gastrectomy @entity1 [40 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 ; aged 59 +/- 11 (SD) years] were considered. Preoperative and periodic follow-up evaluations were prospectively documented: upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopic examination, complete blood count, serum and liver biochemistry profiles, serum proteins, tranferrin, serum @entity68 and @entity460 , @entity68 -binding capacity, oral @entity413 tolerance test, ultrasonography or computed tomography, actual and ideal body weight and performance (AJCC/UICC) assessments. Symptoms were classified by means of Cuschieri's scoring system. Esophageal mucosal changes ( @entity4 , @entity450 , @entity2681 , @entity1066 ) were documented on endoscopy. There were 36 of 58 operative survivors who had no evidence of @entity5 recurrence and were available for long-term evaluation (12-132 months). An RY loop had been constructed in 25 @entity1 , 5 with a Hunt pouch; 9 had an isoperistaltic jejunal interposition (IJI), 4 with a Kock pouch; and 2 had a Braun loop. A 60 to 70 cm long jejunal limb was always utilized. Statistical analyses were obtained by means of the Student t-test and the equality of medians test. Progressive @entity3147 was observed in @entity1 with the Braun (omega) loops, both @entity1 displaying persistent @entity2910 and dietary restrictions. Both recovered ideal body weight after remedial surgery that transformed the omega loop into an RY loop. Both RY and IJI loops effectively prevented alkaline @entity2910 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Total gastrectomy for XXXX : is reconstruction or a gastric replacement reservoir essential?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Regular follow-up programs after radical resections of @entity189 have been introduced in numerous hospitals. The main goal of a regular follow-up program is the early diagnosis of @entity5 recurrence in the asymptomatic stage to allow further radical resection. We evaluated the efficiency (quote of further resections of asymptomatic @entity5 recurrences) of regular follow-up after resection of 288 @entity189 . 88 @entity1 developed recurrent disease (47 primary locoregional recurrence, 27 distant @entity3 , 14 locoregional and distant recurrence). Only 31 @entity1 were asymptomatic at the time of recurrence ( @entity3 55.6%, locoregional recurrence 31.9%, local and distant recurrence 7.1%; p < 0.05). In 31 @entity1 (13 asymptomatic, 18 symptomatic) further R0-resection was possible. Locoregional recurrences were resected more often following anterior resection than after abdominal perineal resection. With 13 radical resections of asymptomatic recurrence the efficiency of regular follow-up was only 4.5%. Therefore efficiency alone does not justify regular follow-up examinations. Follow-up still makes sense for psychosocial support, diagnosis of metachronous @entity694 , treatment of @entity260 and critical evaluation of the results of surgery. Furthermore the follow up data can be used to plan adjuvant therapy studies.

title: [Effectiveness of regular after-care in R0-resected XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas', 'rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: The optimal approach to management of @entity1 after thrombolytic therapy for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is unclear. The role of anticoagulation with heparin was evaluated in 75 consecutive @entity1 who received intravenous streptokinase for @entity583 . Heparin therapy was titrated to keep the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) between 90 and 120 seconds. Seventeen episodes of @entity741 (associated with reversible electrocardiographic changes) were observed in 13 @entity1 . When episodes of probable @entity741 are included (typical @entity662 relieved by @entity1242 or associated with more than a 15-mm Hg change in blood pressure but without electrocardiographic changes), 52 episodes occurred in 28 @entity1 . Four episodes of definite and 4 of probable @entity741 occurred within 24 hours of discontinuation of heparin. Analysis of the level of anticoagulation as assessed by PTT at the time of the @entity63 events shows that @entity63 occurred more often at lower PTTs. Nine @entity548 occurred, all within 24 hours of streptokinase infusion. In 4 @entity1 bleeding was believed to be major and heparin administration was discontinued; 2 @entity1 with @entity360 required blood transfusions. Our data suggest that after thrombolytic therapy for @entity583 , the level of anticoagulation is inversely related to the frequency of recurrent @entity63 events; that discontinuation of heparin is frequently associated with @entity63 ; and that administration of heparin is associated with a low incidence of @entity548 .

title: Role of heparin after intravenous thrombolytic therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'definite myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: This study examined causes of burnout in doctors, nurses and social workers caring for @entity1 in @entity645 / @entity791 units. There were 84 @entity1 at Time 1 (1990) and 134 at Time 2 (1991). The results focus on the longitudinal subsample of 32 who participated in the study at both times. Path analysis was used to explore relationships between burnout at Time 2 and age, hours per week in @entity645 / @entity791 work, and external coping style at Time 1. Older age was related to lower levels of burnout at Time 2. Hours per week in @entity645 / @entity791 work was related to levels of burnout. @entity1 using an external coping style were more likely to score highly on burnout at Time 2. Where possible, management should avoid recruiting young, inexperienced staff without addressing burnout issues. Workshops to teach staff internal coping skills are recommended. Units might promote the psychosocial achievements of staff, shifting away from the traditional cure-based achievement measures.

title: Longitudinal predictors of burnout in @entity645 / XXXX health professionals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: This study examined causes of burnout in doctors, nurses and social workers caring for @entity1 in @entity645 / @entity791 units. There were 84 @entity1 at Time 1 (1990) and 134 at Time 2 (1991). The results focus on the longitudinal subsample of 32 who participated in the study at both times. Path analysis was used to explore relationships between burnout at Time 2 and age, hours per week in @entity645 / @entity791 work, and external coping style at Time 1. Older age was related to lower levels of burnout at Time 2. Hours per week in @entity645 / @entity791 work was related to levels of burnout. @entity1 using an external coping style were more likely to score highly on burnout at Time 2. Where possible, management should avoid recruiting young, inexperienced staff without addressing burnout issues. Workshops to teach staff internal coping skills are recommended. Units might promote the psychosocial achievements of staff, shifting away from the traditional cure-based achievement measures.

title: Longitudinal predictors of burnout in XXXX / @entity791 health professionals.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']