abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) have @entity73 and difficulties with flexibility. It is unclear to what extent these are manifestations of an underlying @entity72 ( @entity72 ); or whether they are instead the consequence of starvation, @entity148 , low mood or @entity3119 , all of which are highly prevalent in @entity1277 . The resolution of this clinically and theoretically important uncertainty will require the use of gold-standard @entity72 assessment measures. To date these have not been employed in @entity2613 research. This case series is the first report of a well-validated, direct-observational measure of @entity72 , the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), being administered to @entity1 with @entity1277 . We aimed to learn about the feasibility of the ADOS in this population, and to contribute to debates about whether a sub-group with @entity1277 really have @entity72 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 (mean age   =   26.4  years, range   =   19 to 38  years) who had a suspected @entity72 due to social and flexibility difficulties and were receiving treatment for @entity2613 (seven @entity448 , two @entity2613 not otherwise specified, one @entity6426 ) at a specialist service (four inpatient, six outpatient) received an ADOS Module 4 assessment. RESULTS: All 10 @entity1 completed all activities of the ADOS Module 4. Five scored in the @entity72 range on the ADOS diagnostic algorithm. An additional two were judged likely to have @entity72 , even though they scored below the ADOS's diagnostic threshold. This was on the basis of clinical observation, @entity1 self-report and parent report. The seven @entity1 who we estimated to have @entity72 all reported @entity2438 prior to the onset of their @entity2613 . They commonly described longstanding non-autistic neurodevelopmental problems, including @entity5545 , @entity1742 and @entity302 . Only one had a childhood diagnosis of @entity72 . CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with @entity1277 who present with social and flexibility difficulties may have an unrecognised @entity72 , indicated by a constellation of @entity2438 that appears to predate the onset of their eating problems. The ADOS is a useful component of an @entity72 assessment for adult @entity1 with @entity2613 .

title: Do XXXX with @entity1277 who have social and flexibility difficulties really have @entity2438 ? A case series.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the previous studies, telocytes were found near the capillaries in many tissues, especially on the extracellular matrix of blood vessels and positive to @entity2280 and @entity2467 . Therefore, the present study aimed to explore if telocytes could produce angiogenesis associated cytokines, promote the proliferation and the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 lung telocytes were isolated and cultured, and were identified by immunofluorescence cytochemistry with @entity2280 , @entity2467 and @entity2277 . Telocytes conditional media (TCM) was prepared, and the expressions of angiogenesis associated cytokines in TCM were detected by ELISA. @entity1 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were cultured with DMEM media or TCM for 72  hours. The proliferation of HPMECs was continuously detected with CCK-8 kit at an interval of 12  hours. HPMECs were also injured by lipopolysaccharide, and cultured with TCM and DMEM respectively, and the tube formation capacity was detected. RESULTS: Telocytes were positive for @entity2280 , @entity2467 and @entity2277 . The expressions of @entity7 and EGF in TCM were significantly higher, the proliferation of HPMECs cultured with TCM significantly increased, and the tube formation of HPMECs injured by endotoxin was improved with the culture of TCM, as compared with the culture of DMEM. CONCLUSION: The present study provides the evidence that @entity1 lung telocytes could produce the growth factors, such as @entity7 and EGF. Telocytes conditional media induced the proliferation of pulmonary endothelial cells and prevented from endotoxin-induced compromise of pulmonary endothelial angiogenesis.

title: XXXX lung telocytes could promote the proliferation and angiogenesis of @entity1 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the previous studies, telocytes were found near the capillaries in many tissues, especially on the extracellular matrix of blood vessels and positive to @entity2280 and @entity2467 . Therefore, the present study aimed to explore if telocytes could produce angiogenesis associated cytokines, promote the proliferation and the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 lung telocytes were isolated and cultured, and were identified by immunofluorescence cytochemistry with @entity2280 , @entity2467 and @entity2277 . Telocytes conditional media (TCM) was prepared, and the expressions of angiogenesis associated cytokines in TCM were detected by ELISA. @entity1 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were cultured with DMEM media or TCM for 72  hours. The proliferation of HPMECs was continuously detected with CCK-8 kit at an interval of 12  hours. HPMECs were also injured by lipopolysaccharide, and cultured with TCM and DMEM respectively, and the tube formation capacity was detected. RESULTS: Telocytes were positive for @entity2280 , @entity2467 and @entity2277 . The expressions of @entity7 and EGF in TCM were significantly higher, the proliferation of HPMECs cultured with TCM significantly increased, and the tube formation of HPMECs injured by endotoxin was improved with the culture of TCM, as compared with the culture of DMEM. CONCLUSION: The present study provides the evidence that @entity1 lung telocytes could produce the growth factors, such as @entity7 and EGF. Telocytes conditional media induced the proliferation of pulmonary endothelial cells and prevented from endotoxin-induced compromise of pulmonary endothelial angiogenesis.

title: @entity1 lung telocytes could promote the proliferation and angiogenesis of XXXX pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Maitake mushroom has been reported to favorably influence @entity101 and @entity6 . The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and two extracts designated as ether soluble (ES) and @entity12360 ( @entity12360 ) on Zucker fatty @entity35 (ZFR), a model of insulin resistance, and on spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), a model of @entity101 . In the initial study, we followed four groups of eight ZFR and SHR receiving special diets: a baseline diet (BD), BD + whole Maitake mushroom powder (20% w/w), BD + fraction ES (0.10% w/w), and BD + @entity12360 (0.22% w/w). Different effects of these dietary regimens on the 2 @entity35 strains were found. At 35 days, only consumption of the ES diet significantly decreased systolic BP (SBP) in SHR (average 197 vs. 176 mm Hg, p < 0.001), while in ZFR only the groups consuming the whole Maitake and @entity12360 diets showed significantly decreased SBP (138 vs. 120-125 mm Hg, p < 0.001). A challenge test with @entity9886 (an @entity1808 receptor blocker) indicates that @entity1808 does not play a major role in SBP regulation of ZFR, but does in SHR where consumption of ES relative to other groups significantly lowered activity of this system. In SHR, @entity413 , @entity165 , circulating insulin and HbA1C were virtually similar among all dietary groups; but whole Maitake (-22%), ES (-120%) and @entity12360 (-80%) diets were associated with decreased @entity1674 , and the ES diet with lowered serum @entity1011 (-29%). In ZFR, circulating insulin and HbA1C were significantly decreased in the whole Maitake powder and ES groups, and tended to be lower in the @entity12360 group compared to control. In the ensuing studies, we gavaged ZFR once daily with water (control), 44 mg fraction @entity12360 , or 44 mg fraction @entity12360 plus 100 microg @entity1670 -bound @entity3407 (NBC). Oral gavage of @entity12360 clearly lowered SBP and circulating @entity413 concentrations, more so with the addition of @entity3407 . We conclude that the examined forms of Maitake mushroom have antihypertensive and antidiabetic potential which differ among @entity35 strains. The ES fraction may decrease SBP in SHR via alteration in the renin-angiotensin system.

title: Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and its fractions in two XXXX strains.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'genetic hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity12360 :: ('MESH:C565532', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'water soluble']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A potent toxin with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and hemolytic activity in vitro was purified from the @entity9115 venom of eastern India (RVV-EI). The purified protein (RVV-PFIIc') of 15.3 kDa molecular weight, and a lethal @entity137 dose (LD50i.p.) of 0.1 mg/kg body weight, was the most toxic PLA2 so far reported from the Indian subcontinent. The material also possessed anticoagulant activity as it enhanced the prothrombin induced plasma clotting time in vitro. The PLA2 toxin (RVV-PFIIc') was shown to be different from other PLA2s of RVV in respect to one or more of these parameters e.g. molecular weight, isoelectric pH, in vivo @entity137 , specific activity of the enzyme and certain other biological activities. The first 19 @entity1472 terminal sequence (NLFQFAEMIVKMTGKEAVH) of RVV-PFIIc' showed variable degree of homology (42.1-94.7%) with those of other RVV-PLA2s described in the literature. Antisera raised against RVV-EI or RVV-PFIIc', though completely neutralized the in vivo lethal @entity137 of RVV-EI or RVV-PFIIc', failed to inhibit their PLA2 activity in vitro thereby suggesting that in vivo @entity137 and in vitro activity of the enzyme may not be directly related. Apart from RVV-PFIIc', at least two other PLA2 isozymes were found to be present in RVV-EI that were distinct from RVV-PFIIc' in respect to their molecular, biological as well as serological properties. The significance of these and related data in antivenom therapy is discussed.

title: Purification and characterization of a potent hemolytic toxin with phospholipase A2 activity from the venom of Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9115 :: ('8707', 'Species') :: ["Russell's viper"]

answer: @entity9115 :: (8707,Species) :: ['Russell's viper']


abstract: @entity71 is a frequent condition in @entity1 and often extends into adulthood. Use of immediate-release @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) has raised concerns about potential cardiovascular adverse effects within a few hours after administration. This study was carried out to investigate acute effects of @entity7541 on electrocardiogram (ECG) in a pediatric population. A total of 54 consecutive @entity1 with @entity71 (51 males and 3 females; mean age =12.14  2.6 years, range 6-19 years), receiving a new prescription of @entity7541 , underwent a standard @entity17196 hours before and after the administration of @entity7541 10 mg per os. Basal and posttreatment ECG parameters, including mean QT (QT interval when corrected for heart rate [QTc]), @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) interval duration, T-peak to T-end (TpTe) intervals, and TpTe/QT ratio were compared. Significant modifications of both QTc and @entity1480 values were not found after drug administration. @entity1480 fluctuated slightly from 25.7  9.3 milliseconds to 25.1  8.4 milliseconds; QTc varied from 407.6  12.4 milliseconds to 409.8  12.7 milliseconds. A significant variation in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 105.4  10.3 vs 109.6  11.5; P<0.05; diastolic blood pressure 59.2  7.1 vs 63.1  7.9; P<0.05) was observed, but all the data were within normal range. Heart rate moved from 80.5  15.5 bpm to 87.7  18.8 bpm. No change in TpTe values was found, but a statistically significant increase in TpTe/QTc intervals was found with respect to basal values (0.207  0.02 milliseconds vs 0.214  0.02 milliseconds; P<0.01). The findings of this study show no significant changes in ECG parameters. TpTe values can be an additional parameter to evaluate borderline cases.

title: Evaluation of acute cardiovascular effects of immediate-release @entity2727 in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['QTc dispersion', 'QTd']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: @entity71 is a frequent condition in @entity1 and often extends into adulthood. Use of immediate-release @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) has raised concerns about potential cardiovascular adverse effects within a few hours after administration. This study was carried out to investigate acute effects of @entity7541 on electrocardiogram (ECG) in a pediatric population. A total of 54 consecutive @entity1 with @entity71 (51 males and 3 females; mean age =12.14  2.6 years, range 6-19 years), receiving a new prescription of @entity7541 , underwent a standard @entity17196 hours before and after the administration of @entity7541 10 mg per os. Basal and posttreatment ECG parameters, including mean QT (QT interval when corrected for heart rate [QTc]), @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) interval duration, T-peak to T-end (TpTe) intervals, and TpTe/QT ratio were compared. Significant modifications of both QTc and @entity1480 values were not found after drug administration. @entity1480 fluctuated slightly from 25.7  9.3 milliseconds to 25.1  8.4 milliseconds; QTc varied from 407.6  12.4 milliseconds to 409.8  12.7 milliseconds. A significant variation in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 105.4  10.3 vs 109.6  11.5; P<0.05; diastolic blood pressure 59.2  7.1 vs 63.1  7.9; P<0.05) was observed, but all the data were within normal range. Heart rate moved from 80.5  15.5 bpm to 87.7  18.8 bpm. No change in TpTe values was found, but a statistically significant increase in TpTe/QTc intervals was found with respect to basal values (0.207  0.02 milliseconds vs 0.214  0.02 milliseconds; P<0.01). The findings of this study show no significant changes in ECG parameters. TpTe values can be an additional parameter to evaluate borderline cases.

title: Evaluation of acute cardiovascular effects of immediate-release XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 .

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: @entity71 is a frequent condition in @entity1 and often extends into adulthood. Use of immediate-release @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) has raised concerns about potential cardiovascular adverse effects within a few hours after administration. This study was carried out to investigate acute effects of @entity7541 on electrocardiogram (ECG) in a pediatric population. A total of 54 consecutive @entity1 with @entity71 (51 males and 3 females; mean age =12.14  2.6 years, range 6-19 years), receiving a new prescription of @entity7541 , underwent a standard @entity17196 hours before and after the administration of @entity7541 10 mg per os. Basal and posttreatment ECG parameters, including mean QT (QT interval when corrected for heart rate [QTc]), @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) interval duration, T-peak to T-end (TpTe) intervals, and TpTe/QT ratio were compared. Significant modifications of both QTc and @entity1480 values were not found after drug administration. @entity1480 fluctuated slightly from 25.7  9.3 milliseconds to 25.1  8.4 milliseconds; QTc varied from 407.6  12.4 milliseconds to 409.8  12.7 milliseconds. A significant variation in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 105.4  10.3 vs 109.6  11.5; P<0.05; diastolic blood pressure 59.2  7.1 vs 63.1  7.9; P<0.05) was observed, but all the data were within normal range. Heart rate moved from 80.5  15.5 bpm to 87.7  18.8 bpm. No change in TpTe values was found, but a statistically significant increase in TpTe/QTc intervals was found with respect to basal values (0.207  0.02 milliseconds vs 0.214  0.02 milliseconds; P<0.01). The findings of this study show no significant changes in ECG parameters. TpTe values can be an additional parameter to evaluate borderline cases.

title: Evaluation of acute cardiovascular effects of immediate-release @entity2727 in XXXX and adolescents with @entity71 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the use of Central Epidural @entity479 Injections (ESI) and Selective Nerve Root Blocks (SNRB) along with the crossover rate to lumbar discectomy in @entity1 with a @entity890 using retrospective records database search. Butterman et al found a crossover rate for @entity1 with symptomatic disc herniations treated with ESI of 54% (27/50), while Riew similarly found a 53% (29/55) crossover @entity1 receiving SNRB. METHODS: The database was searched in a sequential Boolean style for @entity1 with the diagnosis of a @entity890 (Displaced Lumbar Disc - 722.1) and a SNRB (64483) or ESI (62311) who subsequently underwent a Lumbar Discectomy (63030) over a three year time period from January 2004 through December 2006. Statistical analysis was preformed examining the impact of injection type, age, location, gender, and year. RESULTS: Of 482,893 @entity1 with the diagnosis of a disc herniation, 27,799(5.76%) underwent a lumbar discectomy. The 29,941 @entity1 who received at least one SNRB for a disc herniation, 10.80% later underwent a lumbar discectomy. The 41,420 @entity1 who received at least one ESI for a disc herniation 9.34% later underwent a lumbar discectomy. There was a noted increase in injection procedures, particularly SNRB during the study with a greater than 50% increase. CONCLUSIONS: Our examination found a much smaller, but similar crossover rate to surgery between both injection methods, which argues against one method being more effective than another in avoiding surgery. It is likely that @entity1 are receiving these procedures more frequently during the course of conservative treatment for a disc herniation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: This was a Level III study.

title: The Incidence of Lumbar Discectomy after Epidural XXXX Injections or Selective Nerve Root Blocks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is endothelium-dependent and can be assessed by ultrasound in the brachial artery. We sought to determine the most suitable position for the occlusion cuff for the study of @entity384 in three groups of adult @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included 160 subjects, mean age 58.5 7.8 years: 40 healthy subjects, 80 with cardiovascular risk factors, and 40 @entity1 with AMI. In a subgroup of 60 subjects, the first 10, 30, and 20 of each group, respectively, @entity384 was evaluated twice, after upper arm occlusion and @entity432 to induce @entity450 . RESULTS: In the initial substudy, the @entity384 after upper arm occlusion was 7.6 2.4% in healthy subjects, 5.1 2.2% in @entity1 with risk factors (p < 0.0001), and 3.5 2.2% in AMI @entity1 (p < 0.041, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 after @entity432 was 4.6 1.5%, 2.3 2.1% (p < 0.006), and 2.2 1.9%, respectively, with no significant statistical differences between the risk-factor and AMI groups. Only upper arm occlusion was performed in the remaining @entity1 , as planned, because it provided the most accurate information. Overall, the @entity384 was, respectively, 7.8 3.1%, 5 2.6% (p < 0.0001) and 3.3 3% (p < 0.004, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 was directly related to HDL @entity165 and inversely related to resting diameter and number of risk factors. CONCLUSION: The best approach to studying @entity384 is proximal occlusion since it allows for a better stratification of the with @entity409 . With this technique, a worsening of endothelial function in acute @entity583 can be demonstrated.

title: [Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy @entity1 , @entity1 with risk factors, and @entity1 with acute XXXX . Importance of occlusion-cuff position].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['forearm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is endothelium-dependent and can be assessed by ultrasound in the brachial artery. We sought to determine the most suitable position for the occlusion cuff for the study of @entity384 in three groups of adult @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included 160 subjects, mean age 58.5 7.8 years: 40 healthy subjects, 80 with cardiovascular risk factors, and 40 @entity1 with AMI. In a subgroup of 60 subjects, the first 10, 30, and 20 of each group, respectively, @entity384 was evaluated twice, after upper arm occlusion and @entity432 to induce @entity450 . RESULTS: In the initial substudy, the @entity384 after upper arm occlusion was 7.6 2.4% in healthy subjects, 5.1 2.2% in @entity1 with risk factors (p < 0.0001), and 3.5 2.2% in AMI @entity1 (p < 0.041, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 after @entity432 was 4.6 1.5%, 2.3 2.1% (p < 0.006), and 2.2 1.9%, respectively, with no significant statistical differences between the risk-factor and AMI groups. Only upper arm occlusion was performed in the remaining @entity1 , as planned, because it provided the most accurate information. Overall, the @entity384 was, respectively, 7.8 3.1%, 5 2.6% (p < 0.0001) and 3.3 3% (p < 0.004, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 was directly related to HDL @entity165 and inversely related to resting diameter and number of risk factors. CONCLUSION: The best approach to studying @entity384 is proximal occlusion since it allows for a better stratification of the with @entity409 . With this technique, a worsening of endothelial function in acute @entity583 can be demonstrated.

title: [Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy XXXX , @entity1 with risk factors, and @entity1 with acute @entity583 . Importance of occlusion-cuff position].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is endothelium-dependent and can be assessed by ultrasound in the brachial artery. We sought to determine the most suitable position for the occlusion cuff for the study of @entity384 in three groups of adult @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included 160 subjects, mean age 58.5 7.8 years: 40 healthy subjects, 80 with cardiovascular risk factors, and 40 @entity1 with AMI. In a subgroup of 60 subjects, the first 10, 30, and 20 of each group, respectively, @entity384 was evaluated twice, after upper arm occlusion and @entity432 to induce @entity450 . RESULTS: In the initial substudy, the @entity384 after upper arm occlusion was 7.6 2.4% in healthy subjects, 5.1 2.2% in @entity1 with risk factors (p < 0.0001), and 3.5 2.2% in AMI @entity1 (p < 0.041, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 after @entity432 was 4.6 1.5%, 2.3 2.1% (p < 0.006), and 2.2 1.9%, respectively, with no significant statistical differences between the risk-factor and AMI groups. Only upper arm occlusion was performed in the remaining @entity1 , as planned, because it provided the most accurate information. Overall, the @entity384 was, respectively, 7.8 3.1%, 5 2.6% (p < 0.0001) and 3.3 3% (p < 0.004, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 was directly related to HDL @entity165 and inversely related to resting diameter and number of risk factors. CONCLUSION: The best approach to studying @entity384 is proximal occlusion since it allows for a better stratification of the with @entity409 . With this technique, a worsening of endothelial function in acute @entity583 can be demonstrated.

title: [Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy @entity1 , XXXX with risk factors, and @entity1 with acute @entity583 . Importance of occlusion-cuff position].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is endothelium-dependent and can be assessed by ultrasound in the brachial artery. We sought to determine the most suitable position for the occlusion cuff for the study of @entity384 in three groups of adult @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included 160 subjects, mean age 58.5 7.8 years: 40 healthy subjects, 80 with cardiovascular risk factors, and 40 @entity1 with AMI. In a subgroup of 60 subjects, the first 10, 30, and 20 of each group, respectively, @entity384 was evaluated twice, after upper arm occlusion and @entity432 to induce @entity450 . RESULTS: In the initial substudy, the @entity384 after upper arm occlusion was 7.6 2.4% in healthy subjects, 5.1 2.2% in @entity1 with risk factors (p < 0.0001), and 3.5 2.2% in AMI @entity1 (p < 0.041, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 after @entity432 was 4.6 1.5%, 2.3 2.1% (p < 0.006), and 2.2 1.9%, respectively, with no significant statistical differences between the risk-factor and AMI groups. Only upper arm occlusion was performed in the remaining @entity1 , as planned, because it provided the most accurate information. Overall, the @entity384 was, respectively, 7.8 3.1%, 5 2.6% (p < 0.0001) and 3.3 3% (p < 0.004, with respect to the risk-factor group). @entity384 was directly related to HDL @entity165 and inversely related to resting diameter and number of risk factors. CONCLUSION: The best approach to studying @entity384 is proximal occlusion since it allows for a better stratification of the with @entity409 . With this technique, a worsening of endothelial function in acute @entity583 can be demonstrated.

title: [Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy @entity1 , @entity1 with risk factors, and XXXX with acute @entity583 . Importance of occlusion-cuff position].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: RATIONALES AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of a high sensitivity in @entity146 ( @entity146 ) for detecting lung nodules in chest radiographs when extremely subtle cases were presented to radiologists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The chest radiographs used in this study consisted of 36 normal images and 54 abnormals containing solitary lung nodules, of which 25 were extremely subtle and 29 were very subtle. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for detecting lung nodules was performed without and with @entity146 . The levels of @entity146 output were simulated with a hypothetical ideal performance of 100% sensitivity, but with three or four false positives per image. Six radiologists participated in an observer study in which cases were interpreted first without and then with the use of @entity146 . RESULTS: The average A(z) values for radiologists without and with @entity146 were 0.682 and 0.808, respectively. The performance of radiologists was improved significantly when high sensitivity was used (P = .0003). However, the radiologists were not able to recognize some extremely subtle nodules (5 of 54 nodules by all radiologists), even with the correct @entity146 output; these nodules were then considered as non-actionable. None of 306 computer-false positives was incorrectly regarded as a nodule by all radiologists, but 63 false positives were incorrectly identified by one or more radiologists. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of radiologists in the detection of some extremely subtle @entity5474 can be improved significantly when the sensitivity of a @entity146 scheme can be made to be at an extremely high level. However, all of the six radiologists failed to identify some nodules (about 10%), even with the correct output of the @entity146 .

title: Effect of high sensitivity in a computerized scheme for detecting extremely subtle XXXX in chest radiographs: observer performance study.

entities_list: @entity5474 :: ('MESH:D003074', 'Disease') :: ['solitary pulmonary nodules']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['computer-aided diagnosis', 'CAD']

answer: @entity5474 :: (MESH:D003074,Disease) :: ['solitary pulmonary nodules']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of low-grade @entity11 (LGG) can be a challenge, particularly when not resectable and refractory or recurrent following standard treatments. We undertook a retrospective analysis of 2 institutions' experiences treating @entity1 for refractory or progressive LGG with bevacizumab-based therapy (BBT). PROCEDURE: Inclusion criteria were @entity1 younger than 18 years of age who had previously failed one or more lines of therapy. Treatment was intravenous bevacizumab 10 mg/kg and intravenous @entity2600 125 to 150 mg/m every 2 weeks. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (median age of 8.6 y), 5 with @entity1264 were treated between 2009 and 2013. Median duration of treatment was 12 months (range, 3 to 45 mo). Seven @entity1 (44%) showed clinical improvement (3 @entity1 within a month) and 8 @entity1 (50%) remained clinically stable during BBT. Imaging studies showed 3 (19%) had a partial response, 11 (69%) stable disease, and 2 (12%) had progressive disease. Four @entity1 had progressive disease after stopping BBT (median duration of 5 mo). Three of these 4 were able to be retreated with BBT and all achieved an objective response. Treatment was well tolerated with no grade 3 or 4 @entity137 related to bevacizumab. @entity2600 was discontinued in 4 @entity1 because of grade 2-3 @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that BBT is well tolerated and led to disease control in @entity1 with refractory or recurrent cases of LGG. Retreatment with BBT led to disease control in most of these cases. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results.

title: Confirmation of Bevacizumab Activity, and Maintenance of Efficacy in Retreatment After Subsequent Relapse, in Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type 1 and 8 with disseminated disease']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Low-grade Glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate @entity2 segmentation is problematic when the @entity5 boundary or edge, which reflects the advancing edge of the @entity5 , is difficult to discern on chest CT or PET. We propose a 'topo-poly' graph model to improve identification of the @entity5 extent. Our model incorporates an intensity graph and a topology graph. The intensity graph provides the joint PET-CT foreground similarity to differentiate the @entity5 from surrounding tissues. The topology graph is defined on the basis of contour tree to reflect the inclusion and exclusion relationship of regions. By taking into account different topology relations, the edges in our model exhibit topological polymorphism. These polymorphic edges in turn affect the energy cost when crossing different topology regions under a random walk framework, and hence contribute to appropriate @entity5 delineation. We validated our method on 40 @entity1 with @entity1149 where the @entity5 were manually delineated by a clinical expert. The studies were separated into an 'isolated' group (n = 20) where the @entity2 was located in the lung parenchyma and away from associated structures / tissues in the thorax and a 'complex' group (n = 20) where the @entity5 abutted / involved a variety of adjacent structures and had heterogeneous FDG uptake. The methods were validated using Dice's similarity coefficient (DSC) to measure the spatial volume overlap and @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ) to compare shape similarity calculated as the maximum surface distance between the segmentation results and the manual delineations. Our method achieved an average DSC of 0.881              0.046 and @entity5529 of 5.311              3.022   mm for the isolated cases and DSC of 0.870              0.038 and @entity5529 of 9.370              3.169   mm for the complex cases. Student's t-test showed that our model outperformed the other methods (p-values   <0.05).

title: Topology polymorphism graph for XXXX segmentation in PET-CT images.

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hausdorff distance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the incidence of @entity259 in surgically treated thyroid nodules and to study its clinical and pathological aspect. The objective was to formulate a uniform departmental policy for the most appropriate surgical management of this potentially curable disease. METHODS: This is a prospective clinicopathological study carried out at the Department of General Surgery, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 1996 through to December 2000. A total of 483 thyroidectomies were performed. Preoperative diagnosis of @entity259 was based on clinical and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The @entity1 were identified as low risk and high risk groups for surgical treatment. The histopathological diagnosis of @entity259 was confirmed in 103 @entity1 (21.3%). The medical records of all these @entity1 were reviewed for age, sex, clinical presentation, investigations and outcome of surgery. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity1 (21.3%) with histopathologically confirmed @entity259 were studied. The female to male ratio was 4:1. The mean age was 36.7 years. Sixty-five percent of @entity1 were between 21-40 years. @entity8170 was the most frequent presentation observed in 78.6% cases. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of @entity5 in 86.4% cases. Most of the @entity1 (84.5%) were identified as low-risk. @entity1377 was the most common @entity5 (89%) followed by @entity5 (8.7%). Eight percent of @entity1 had cervical lymph node involvement at presentation. Total lobectomy was performed in 50.5% and total thyroidectomy in an additional 29% of @entity1 . Overall operative morbidity was 6.8% with zero mortality. Two (1.9%) @entity1 presented with ipsilateral lymph node recurrence with mean follow up of 26.5 months and underwent limited neck dissection. CONCLUSION: The relatively high incidence of @entity259 in surgically treated nodular is attributed to increased confidence in FNAC and careful @entity1 selection. Total lobectomy with isthmusectomy for low risk and total thyroidectomy for high risk @entity1 may be recommended as the preferred treatment modalities.

title: Incidence of differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['Nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'follicular cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer in nodular goiter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the interests and accessibility of @entity1 with a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) to information in different areas of @entity1566 . SETTING: Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network. METHODS: An interest assessment survey and the SF-36 (short form-36) questionnaire were mailed to @entity1566 @entity1 living in the community. The interest assessment examined @entity1 ' interest in information in many areas related to @entity1566 , their current knowledge in these areas and the accessibility of different information formats. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (45%) completed the questionnaires. Regardless of physical or mental health status, all @entity1 expressed a high level of interest in @entity1566 research and clinical trials. An Internet website proved to be the most preferred, accessible and comfortable information format for these @entity1 . @entity1 expressed a lower interest in support groups and organizations. Results from the SF-36 showed poor social functioning was related to interest in support groups, and poor general health perception was related to interest in occupational and physical therapy. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1566 @entity1 have a high interest in accessing @entity1566 research information. The Internet is a favorable, comfortable and accessible tool for providing this information and will benefit all @entity1566 @entity1 . These results suggest that a significant number of @entity1 with @entity1566 would benefit from an accessible Internet-based information database that is relevant to the @entity1566 @entity1 population.

title: Importance of access to research information among individuals with XXXX : results of an evidenced-based questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The present study was performed to assess the effects of diets supplemented with low (5%) and high (20%) @entity4336 oil on a Pts 56 retrovirus-induced model of @entity788 in guinea fowl. The early microscopic lesions appear after 3 mo after virus treatment and progress over time. Eight to 10 mo after initiation, up to 100% of virus-inoculated birds develop multiple @entity5072 and neoplastic @entity660 of duct/ductular phenotype. Short-term (1-4 mo) feeding of low- or high-fat diets, beginning at Month 3, had no significant effects on body and pancreatic weight. However, the incidence, multiplicity, and areas of the pancreatic tissue occupied by intra- and interlobular aggregates of @entity1157 with mucinous metaplasia of the lining cells were significantly increased compared with the birds fed the common diet. At the same time, @entity245 , particularly @entity189 , was retarded compared with the common diet-fed controls. Long-term (5-7 mo) fat intake resulted in an increase in body @entity1017 , while absolute pancreatic weights remained relatively constant. Furthermore, the high- and low-fat diets caused a significant increase in areas of retrovirus-induced @entity660 , as well as an increase in @entity5 compared with short-term fat feeding. It is concluded that short-term feeding of diets supplemented with 5% or 20% @entity4336 oil delayed the development of the common virus-induced ductular @entity5 , particularly @entity189 , and had an enhancing effect on development of @entity5072 inter- and intralobular aggregates of ducts. This finding was not observed, however, during the long-term feeding period of the study.

title: Effects of dietary fat on virus-induced XXXX in guinea fowl.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiplicity of ductular neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic ducts']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['development of ductular neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinogenesis']


abstract: @entity421 is a rare @entity242 that accounts for about 1% of @entity8650 . We report an very unusual case of a @entity421 arising in the superficial subcutaneous region of the buttock. The @entity1 was a 55 year-old female. She incidentally noticed a small nodule in the right trochanteric region. It was removed under local anesthesia at a private clinic. An additional wide excision was performed at our hospital. There was an 8 mm? 10 mm mass in the subcutaneous tissue. No invasion of the underlying fascia was observed. Microscopic examination of the removed @entity5 showed bizarre-looking spindle and giant cells with lace-like osteoid. The @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity421 . Chemotherapy with Rosen T-20 was administered to the @entity1 . The @entity1 has survived without recurrence or @entity3 for 4 years since the primary surgery. Its superficial location, very small size, wide excision, and chemotherapy were thought to contribute to her long survival.

title: XXXX arising in the buttock.

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['malignant soft tissue tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['extraskeletal osteosarcoma', 'small-size extraskeletal osteosarcoma', 'Extraskeletal osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Extraskeletal osteosarcoma']


abstract: A recent case of @entity699 and complete suppression of the @entity774 in a @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and @entity5929 treated with @entity2059 as an antifungal agent, and @entity4184 as an anti-inflammatory agent led to a systematic assessment of this axis and gonadal function in all @entity1 treated with @entity2059 in the authors' @entity1577 centre. @entity2059 can inhibit @entity5322 , thus interfering with synthesis of gluco- and mineralocorticoids, @entity3800 and @entity53 as well as the metabolism of @entity4184 . The aim of this study was to evaluate adrenal and gonadal function in @entity1 treated with @entity2059 with or without @entity4184 . An adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test (250 microg tetracosactid) was performed in 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 , and in 12 @entity1 treated with @entity2059 alone (six @entity1 with @entity1577 and six with chronic @entity738 ). Mineralocorticoid and gonadal steroid function were evaluated by measurements of plasma-renin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, @entity1420 , @entity53 , @entity251 , serum-inhibin A and B. ACTH tests performed as part of a pretransplantation programme in an additional 30 @entity1577 @entity1 were used as controls. Eleven of the 25 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 had @entity1887 . None of the @entity1 on @entity2059 therapy alone nor the control @entity1577 @entity1 had a pathological ACTH test. Mineralocorticoid and @entity1887 was not observed in any of the @entity1 . Only one @entity1 with an initial pathological ACTH-test subsequently normalised, the other 10 @entity1 improved but had not achieved normalised adrenal function 2-10 months after @entity2059 treatment had been discontinued. Suppression of the adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis was observed in 11 of 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 . The pathogenesis is most likely an @entity2059 caused increase in systemic @entity4184 concentration through a reduced/inhibited metabolism leading to inhibition of adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion along with a direct inhibition of steroidogenesis. In @entity1 treated with this combination, screening for @entity1887 at regular intervals is suggested.

title: XXXX as a side-effect of combined treatment of @entity2059 and @entity4184 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomateous disease']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal insufficiency', 'adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-adrenal-axis']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: A recent case of @entity699 and complete suppression of the @entity774 in a @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and @entity5929 treated with @entity2059 as an antifungal agent, and @entity4184 as an anti-inflammatory agent led to a systematic assessment of this axis and gonadal function in all @entity1 treated with @entity2059 in the authors' @entity1577 centre. @entity2059 can inhibit @entity5322 , thus interfering with synthesis of gluco- and mineralocorticoids, @entity3800 and @entity53 as well as the metabolism of @entity4184 . The aim of this study was to evaluate adrenal and gonadal function in @entity1 treated with @entity2059 with or without @entity4184 . An adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test (250 microg tetracosactid) was performed in 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 , and in 12 @entity1 treated with @entity2059 alone (six @entity1 with @entity1577 and six with chronic @entity738 ). Mineralocorticoid and gonadal steroid function were evaluated by measurements of plasma-renin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, @entity1420 , @entity53 , @entity251 , serum-inhibin A and B. ACTH tests performed as part of a pretransplantation programme in an additional 30 @entity1577 @entity1 were used as controls. Eleven of the 25 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 had @entity1887 . None of the @entity1 on @entity2059 therapy alone nor the control @entity1577 @entity1 had a pathological ACTH test. Mineralocorticoid and @entity1887 was not observed in any of the @entity1 . Only one @entity1 with an initial pathological ACTH-test subsequently normalised, the other 10 @entity1 improved but had not achieved normalised adrenal function 2-10 months after @entity2059 treatment had been discontinued. Suppression of the adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis was observed in 11 of 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 . The pathogenesis is most likely an @entity2059 caused increase in systemic @entity4184 concentration through a reduced/inhibited metabolism leading to inhibition of adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion along with a direct inhibition of steroidogenesis. In @entity1 treated with this combination, screening for @entity1887 at regular intervals is suggested.

title: @entity1887 as a side-effect of combined treatment of XXXX and @entity4184 .

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['itraconazole']


abstract: A recent case of @entity699 and complete suppression of the @entity774 in a @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and @entity5929 treated with @entity2059 as an antifungal agent, and @entity4184 as an anti-inflammatory agent led to a systematic assessment of this axis and gonadal function in all @entity1 treated with @entity2059 in the authors' @entity1577 centre. @entity2059 can inhibit @entity5322 , thus interfering with synthesis of gluco- and mineralocorticoids, @entity3800 and @entity53 as well as the metabolism of @entity4184 . The aim of this study was to evaluate adrenal and gonadal function in @entity1 treated with @entity2059 with or without @entity4184 . An adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test (250 microg tetracosactid) was performed in 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 , and in 12 @entity1 treated with @entity2059 alone (six @entity1 with @entity1577 and six with chronic @entity738 ). Mineralocorticoid and gonadal steroid function were evaluated by measurements of plasma-renin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, @entity1420 , @entity53 , @entity251 , serum-inhibin A and B. ACTH tests performed as part of a pretransplantation programme in an additional 30 @entity1577 @entity1 were used as controls. Eleven of the 25 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 had @entity1887 . None of the @entity1 on @entity2059 therapy alone nor the control @entity1577 @entity1 had a pathological ACTH test. Mineralocorticoid and @entity1887 was not observed in any of the @entity1 . Only one @entity1 with an initial pathological ACTH-test subsequently normalised, the other 10 @entity1 improved but had not achieved normalised adrenal function 2-10 months after @entity2059 treatment had been discontinued. Suppression of the adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis was observed in 11 of 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 . The pathogenesis is most likely an @entity2059 caused increase in systemic @entity4184 concentration through a reduced/inhibited metabolism leading to inhibition of adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion along with a direct inhibition of steroidogenesis. In @entity1 treated with this combination, screening for @entity1887 at regular intervals is suggested.

title: @entity1887 as a side-effect of combined treatment of @entity2059 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects on @entity1 outcomes of @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ), a continuous quality improvement methodology for home health care (HHC). DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design with prospective pre/post and study/control components within two multiyear demonstration trials (occurring from 1995 to 2000) in which 73 home health agencies implemented @entity1297 , receiving several annual cycles of outcome reports to evaluate and enhance @entity1 outcomes. SETTING: New York and 27 other states. @entity1 : The study involved 157,548 predominantly older adult @entity1 admitted over 3 years to 54 @entity1297 agencies from 27 states in the National Demonstration Trial, 105,917 @entity1 admitted over 4 years to 19 @entity1297 agencies in the New York State Trial, and 248,621 @entity1 admitted over 3 years to non- @entity1297 control agencies in the 27 demonstration states. INTERVENTION: As a clinical management and administrative intervention, @entity1297 involves collecting, encoding, and transmitting @entity1 -level health status data to a central source that provides each @entity1297 agency with a risk-adjusted outcome report comparing the agency's @entity1 outcomes with those from a reference population and with its own outcomes from the prior period. Target outcomes are selected and focused plans of action implemented to change care behaviors. Outcome changes are evaluated through the next report cycle. MEASUREMENTS: Outcome measures include hospitalization rates and improvement and stabilization outcome rates in functional, physiological, emotional/behavioral, and @entity73 . RESULTS: For the National and New York State Demonstration Trials, the risk-adjusted relative rates of decline in hospitalization of 22% and 26%, respectively, for @entity1297 @entity1 over the 3-year and 4-year demonstration periods were significant (P <.001) and unparalleled by considerably smaller rates of decline for the non- @entity1297 @entity1 in the 27 states. The risk-adjusted rates of improvement in @entity1297 target outcome measures of health status averaged 5% to 7% per year in both demonstration trials and were significantly greater (P <.05) than analogous improvement rates for nontarget comparison outcomes, which averaged about 1% per year. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to integrate the programmatic, data collection, data transmission, and outcome enhancement components of @entity1297 into the day-to-day operations of home health agencies. The aggregate findings and the agency-level evidence available from site-specific communications suggest that @entity1297 had a pervasive effect on outcome improvement for home health @entity1 . @entity1297 appears to warrant expansion and refinement in HHC and experimentation in other healthcare settings.

title: Improving XXXX outcomes of home health care: findings from two demonstration trials of outcome-based quality improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive health']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['Outcome-Based Quality Improvement', 'OBQI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Either four or eight weekly rituximab infusions in relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular B cell @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) are well tolerated and efficacious. This phase II trial investigated the safety and efficacy of six weekly rituximab doses in chemotherapeutically pre-treated relapsed or refractory low-grade @entity1893 @entity1 . Sixty-eight @entity1 (median age 64 years) received six i.v. rituximab infusions 375 mg/m2 weekly. All @entity1 had received one or more prior therapies (median 2; range 1-18). Forty-two @entity1 had @entity74 and were evaluated for @entity137 and efficacy; 12 of these required re-treatment with six weekly rituximab infusions. Twenty-six @entity1 received rituximab as remission consolidation therapy and were assessed for @entity137 only. No @entity1 discontinued because of adverse events. Most adverse events were National Cancer Institute grade 1 (2-9%) or 2 (3-5%) and usually occurred during the first infusion. No @entity1503 were observed. Overall response rate was 59% (median time to response 2 weeks) and 10 of 12 re-treated @entity1 responded. Median time to progression for all @entity1 was 14 months and for responders 21 months. More than half the 42 @entity1 evaluated for efficacy and more than 70% of the 25 responding @entity1 still survived longer than 3 years after treatment. The safety profile and efficacy achieved in this study compare favorably with those seen with four or eight weekly doses in pre-treated low-grade @entity1893 .

title: Semi-extended, six weekly rituximab infusions in pre-treated advanced low-grade B cell XXXX : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Cell proliferation and chromosomal imbalances, important parameters in relation to @entity5 progression, were studied in @entity1567 (n=20), a benign odontogenic @entity5 of locally recurrent nature. Immunocytochemical staining with @entity1758 antibody and @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) were performed on @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity1567 . The mean follow-up time was 12.4 years. An @entity1758 -index was formed by counting 5000 @entity5 -cell nuclei in 10-15 randomly chosen high-power fields and calculating percentages of positively stained cells. @entity8625 involved hybridization of @entity2823 - @entity1977 -labeled @entity5 DNA with Texas-red-labeled normal DNA. Images were digitally analyzed. The @entity1758 -index (range 0-2.51) was low for all @entity5 . No statistically significant correlation between @entity1758 index and tendency to recurrence was found. @entity2008 were detected in 2 of 17 cases. The results suggest that formation of an @entity1758 index is not helpful in assessing future clinical behavior of an @entity1567 and that chromosomal imbalances are uncommon.

title: Cell proliferation and chromosomal changes in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'ameloblastomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['CGH', 'comparative genomic hybridization']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastoma']


abstract: Several studies focused on the ability of bacterial lipopolysac-charides (LPS) in triggering platelet and/or leukocyte activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the aggregation of platelets and in their interaction with leukocytes in whole blood after stimulation with low doses of LPS. LPS did not directly induce @entity1423 in whole blood, but they primed the aggregation of platelets induced by @entity1425 , @entity857 and @entity1426 . As shown by cytofluorimetry, platelets neither bind @entity2823 -LPS, nor express the LPS-receptors @entity5750 and @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ). On the contrary, LPS primed monocytes and to a lesser extent polymorphonuclear neutrophils to adhere to platelets. Both platelet-leukocyte interaction and @entity1423 in whole blood were inhibited by blockade of @entity5750 and @entity2939 . Moreover, the interaction between platelets and leukocytes was inhibited by @entity8729 , and by blockade of PAF and reactive @entity26 species, suggesting a role of @entity8729 and of leukocyte-derived mediators. In conclusion, these results elucidate the mechanisms leading to platelet activation and interaction with leukocytes triggered by LPS. They suggest that the activation of platelets by LPS is mainly dependent on leukocytes and especially monocytes as a result of @entity5750 and @entity2939 engagement. Moreover, we found that leukocyte-platelet interaction was triggered by the synthesis of PAF and the generation of @entity26 radicals that induced upregulation of surface expression of @entity8729 .

title: Mechanisms of the priming effect of low doses of lipopoly-saccharides on leukocyte-dependent XXXX in whole blood.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adult @entity1 may be more susceptible to @entity565 than @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 are more likely to develop @entity748 ( @entity748 ) requiring critical care. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 admitted to our medical intensive care unit (ICU) for @entity748 between 1994 and 2000 were examined. A number of demographic and physiologic variables were extracted from the medical records. RESULTS: Of 103 total admissions, 53 (of 37 @entity1 ) were age < 50 years and had clinical evidence suggesting @entity748 . Among these 37 @entity1 , the average (+/-SE) age was 30.8 +/- 1.0 y with average acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II of 9.5 +/- 0.8. Seventeen @entity1 were Hispanic, 13 were black, and 7 were white. Twenty-four @entity1 (accounting for 37 admissions) were female and 13 @entity1 (16 admissions) were male. Although @entity1 accounted for a greater absolute number of endotracheal intubations (ETI; 17 vs. 12) and were more likely to be admitted to ICU more than once (7 vs. 3), @entity1 had a higher incidence of ETI (RR=1.6; 95%CI=1.04-2.6). The need for using therapeutic permissive @entity2944 and lengths of stay (ventilator, ICU, and hospital) were similar between @entity1 and @entity1 . Two @entity1 , both @entity1 , died of causes not related to treatment of @entity748 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that although @entity1 accounted for more ICU admissions for @entity748 , @entity1 were more likely to require ETI.

title: Gender and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['SA', 'status asthmaticus']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['status asthmaticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Torsion of the ovary is an urgent event for fertile @entity1 . Until recent years, the common treatment for twisted @entity63 ovaries was salpingo-oophorectomy. We have demonstrated in the past that the ovary can be salvaged provided detorsion is performed. We studied the outcome of @entity1 undergoing minimal surgery for @entity63 ovaries versus the extended procedure including cystectomy in respect of ovarian function and fertility performance. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 102 @entity1 who underwent surgery for torsion of the ovary in which the macroscopic appearance of black-bluish @entity63 adnexa was encountered during surgery. @entity43 was performed by laparoscopy in 67 @entity1 and by laparotomy in 35 @entity1 . @entity1 ' files were reviewed for immediate and late outcomes. @entity1 were examined postoperatively with vaginal ultrasound for ovarian follicular function. Data concerning @entity1 ' further surgeries or in vitro fertilization were retrieved from the charts as well. RESULTS: Febrile morbidity was approximately 15% and 29% in the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups, respectively. Hospital stay was 2.1 +/- 1.2 and 7.4 +/- 1.5 days in the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups, respectively (P<0.001). Ultrasound follow-up was available in 60 of 67 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy and in 32 of 35 @entity1 treated by laparotomy. Normal-sized ovaries with follicular development were encountered in the detorsed side in 93% and 91%, respectively. Normal macroscopic appearance of the adnexa at subsequent surgeries was reported in 9 of 9 @entity1 in the laparoscopy group and in 4 of 5 @entity1 in the laparotomy group. Four @entity1 from the laparoscopy group and 2 from the laparotomy group underwent subsequent in vitro fertilization. In all 6 @entity1 , oocytes retrieved from the previously detorsed ovary were fertilized. In both groups, none of the @entity1 developed clinical signs of pelvic or systemic @entity1031 . CONCLUSIONS: Torsion of the @entity63 adnexa should be treated laparoscopically by detorsion and adnexal sparing.

title: Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for detorsion and sparing of twisted XXXX adnexa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Detorsion without removal of the adnexa or the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In nonrandomized trials, photodynamic therapy (PDT) had a promising effect on nonresectable @entity201 (NCC). This prospective, open-label, randomized, multicenter study with a group sequential design compared PDT in addition to stenting (group A) with stenting alone (group B) in @entity1 with NCC. METHODS: In @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity201 , endoscopic or percutaneous double stenting was performed. @entity1 fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomized to group A (stenting and subsequent PDT) and group B (stenting alone). For PDT, @entity17654 2 mg/kg body wt was injected intravenously 2 days before intraluminal photoactivation (wavelength, 630 nm; light dose, 180 J/cm(2)). Further treatments were performed in cases of @entity41 in the bile duct. The primary outcome parameter was survival time. Secondary outcome parameters were @entity1448 and quality of life. RESULTS: PDT resulted in prolongation of survival (group A: n = 20, median 493 days; group B: n = 19, median 98 days; P < 0.0001). It also improved biliary drainage and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: PDT, given in addition to best supportive care, improves survival in @entity1 with NCC. The study was terminated prematurely because PDT proved to be so superior to simple stenting treatment that further randomization was deemed unethical.

title: Successful photodynamic therapy for nonresectable XXXX : a randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to review our local experience with bowel surgery for @entity43 at the Gynaecological Cancer Centre, KK @entity1 's and @entity1 's Hospital, and to document the outcome of such surgery as well as their complication rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective medical records of 38 @entity1 with @entity43 who underwent surgery including bowel surgery from January 1997 to May 2002 at the Gynaecological Cancer Centre, KK @entity1 's and @entity1 's Hospital, Singapore, were reviewed. RESULTS: Indications for surgery were predominantly debulking of disease. Fifty-eight per cent of @entity1 had primary debulking surgery, 34% had debulking of recurrence and 3% had interval debulking. Only 5% of @entity1 had @entity1744 as the only indication for surgery. Rectosigmoid resection was the most common bowel operation overall, being performed in 76.3% of @entity1 . The stoma rate for rectosigmoid resection was 61%. The remaining procedures included 7 colectomies, 1 intestinal bypass procedure and 1 intestinal diversion procedure. Optimal debulking (defined as < 1 cm of @entity66 ) was achieved in the majority (71%). The median operating time was 4 hours. The median @entity190 was 1300 mL. The major complication rate was 10.5%. @entity532 encountered were as follows: 1 @entity1 (2.6%) had an @entity834 , 2 @entity1 (5.3%) had @entity6177 and 1 @entity1 (2.6%) developed @entity4570 . Three @entity1 (7.8%) required a re-operation within 30 days. There were 3 deaths (7.8%) within 30 days of surgery. CONCLUSION: Bowel surgery is commonly indicated for @entity43 to facilitate optimal debulking. Such surgery is feasible with acceptable complication rates in our local centre.

title: Bowel surgery for XXXX --an early case series.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Major complications']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal fistula']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The negative appendicectomy rates have remained high. The integration of clinical scores into the diagnostic process in @entity697 has had the purposes of improving decision making and reducing the negative rates in this common condition. The performance of these score systems have however, not been uniform. OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of a modified Alvorado score (1986) to predict groups of @entity1 with suspected @entity698 for definite surgery, observation or discharge from hospital. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), a central referral and teaching hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. @entity1 : One hundred and eighty nine @entity1 with suspected @entity697 were studied over a period of twelve months. METHODS: Five symptoms and four signs were assigned numerical values and the @entity1 scored out of a total of 10 points. A score of >7 predicted mandatory operation, 5-6 observation and score 1-4 predicted those not considered for surgery. The decision to operate was the prerogative of the surgeon or surgical resident based on overall clinical suspicion and not the diagnostic score. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with scores >7 was 40.7%. The mean score was 6.02. The mean ages and the gender ratios were similar across score groups. The negative appendicectomy rate was 17.6% for group 1-4, 16.5% for 5-6 and 19.7% for >7. These were similar to the overall negative rate of 18% based on clinical suspicion. The overall sensitivity and sensitivity for the scoring system was 80.3% and 16.8% respectively. CONCLUSION: High scores were found to perform poorly in predicting diagnosis of @entity697 preoperatively and in the reduction of negative appendicectomies. The integration of a scoring system does not offer advantage over degree of clinical suspicion.

title: Use of a modified Alvorado score in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: In this retrospective pilot study we examine the feasibility of establishing a confidential enquiry into why some @entity1 die after emergency admission to hospital. After excluding those who died in the first hour or who were admitted for palliative care, pairs of physicians were able to collect quantitative and qualitative data on 200 consecutive @entity204 . Both physicians reported shortfalls of care in 14 @entity1 and one of the pair in 25 @entity1 whose @entity204 would not have been the expected outcome. In 25, the shortfalls of care may have contributed to their @entity204 . Major problems were delays in seeing doctors, inaccurate diagnoses, delays in investigations and initiation of treatment. They occurred mostly in those admitted at night. It is possible that establishing the correct diagnosis and starting appropriate treatment may have been delayed in 64% of the 200 @entity1 . The headline figures appear worse than some previous external assessment studies but this study did concentrate on those in whom problems were more likely. Nevertheless, the frequency is too high to be overlooked. In this feasibility study we have demonstrated that it is practicable for local staff to collect and assess data in hospitals and that the types of problems identified are relevant to anyone planning how to organise emergency care. A larger definitive study should be performed.

title: A confidential study of XXXX after emergency medical admission: issues relating to quality of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: @entity64294 , one of the four isoforms of PLCbetas, is the sole isoform expressed in the @entity19 ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL), a key station in @entity158 processing. The @entity19 thalamus also has been shown to express a high level of metabotropic @entity2227 receptor type 1 ( @entity9446 ), which stimulates PLCbetas through activation of Galphaq/11 protein. It is therefore expected that the thalamic @entity9446 -PLCbeta4 cascade may play a functional role in nociceptive transmission. To test this hypothesis, we first studied behavioral responses to various nociceptive stimuli in PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . We performed the @entity406 test and found no difference in the @entity158 behavior in the first phase of the @entity406 test, which is attributed to acute nociception, between PLCbeta4 knock-out and wild-type @entity19 . Consistent with this result, acute @entity158 responses in the hot plate and tail flick tests were also unaffected in the PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . However, the nociceptive behavior in the second phase of the @entity406 test, resulting from the tissue @entity32 , was attenuated in PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where @entity38618 and PLCbeta4 mRNAs are expressed, no difference was found between the wild-type and knock-out @entity19 in the number of @entity9830 -like immunoreactive neurons, which represent neuronal activity in the second phase in the @entity406 test. Thus, it is unlikely that spinal PLCbeta4 is involved in the @entity406 -induced @entity158 . Next, we found that pretreatment with PLC inhibitors, @entity9446 antagonists, or both, by either intracerebroventricular or intrathalamic injection, attenuated the @entity406 -induced @entity158 behavior in the second phase in wild-type @entity19 . Furthermore, activation of @entity9446 at the VPL enhanced @entity158 behavior in the second phase in the wild-type @entity19 . In contrast, PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 did not show such enhancement, indicating that @entity9446 is connected to PLCbeta4 in the VPL. Finally, in parallel with the behavioral results, we showed in an electrophysiological study that the time course of firing discharges in VPL corresponds well to that of @entity158 behavior in the @entity406 test in both wild-type and PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . These findings indicate that the thalamic @entity9446 -PLCbeta4 cascade is indispensable for the @entity406 -induced @entity158 by regulating the response of VPL neurons.

title: Role of thalamic @entity64294 mediated by metabotropic XXXX receptor type 1 in @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: @entity64294 , one of the four isoforms of PLCbetas, is the sole isoform expressed in the @entity19 ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL), a key station in @entity158 processing. The @entity19 thalamus also has been shown to express a high level of metabotropic @entity2227 receptor type 1 ( @entity9446 ), which stimulates PLCbetas through activation of Galphaq/11 protein. It is therefore expected that the thalamic @entity9446 -PLCbeta4 cascade may play a functional role in nociceptive transmission. To test this hypothesis, we first studied behavioral responses to various nociceptive stimuli in PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . We performed the @entity406 test and found no difference in the @entity158 behavior in the first phase of the @entity406 test, which is attributed to acute nociception, between PLCbeta4 knock-out and wild-type @entity19 . Consistent with this result, acute @entity158 responses in the hot plate and tail flick tests were also unaffected in the PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . However, the nociceptive behavior in the second phase of the @entity406 test, resulting from the tissue @entity32 , was attenuated in PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where @entity38618 and PLCbeta4 mRNAs are expressed, no difference was found between the wild-type and knock-out @entity19 in the number of @entity9830 -like immunoreactive neurons, which represent neuronal activity in the second phase in the @entity406 test. Thus, it is unlikely that spinal PLCbeta4 is involved in the @entity406 -induced @entity158 . Next, we found that pretreatment with PLC inhibitors, @entity9446 antagonists, or both, by either intracerebroventricular or intrathalamic injection, attenuated the @entity406 -induced @entity158 behavior in the second phase in wild-type @entity19 . Furthermore, activation of @entity9446 at the VPL enhanced @entity158 behavior in the second phase in the wild-type @entity19 . In contrast, PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 did not show such enhancement, indicating that @entity9446 is connected to PLCbeta4 in the VPL. Finally, in parallel with the behavioral results, we showed in an electrophysiological study that the time course of firing discharges in VPL corresponds well to that of @entity158 behavior in the @entity406 test in both wild-type and PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . These findings indicate that the thalamic @entity9446 -PLCbeta4 cascade is indispensable for the @entity406 -induced @entity158 by regulating the response of VPL neurons.

title: Role of thalamic @entity64294 mediated by metabotropic @entity2227 receptor type 1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['inflammatory pain']


abstract: @entity64294 , one of the four isoforms of PLCbetas, is the sole isoform expressed in the @entity19 ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL), a key station in @entity158 processing. The @entity19 thalamus also has been shown to express a high level of metabotropic @entity2227 receptor type 1 ( @entity9446 ), which stimulates PLCbetas through activation of Galphaq/11 protein. It is therefore expected that the thalamic @entity9446 -PLCbeta4 cascade may play a functional role in nociceptive transmission. To test this hypothesis, we first studied behavioral responses to various nociceptive stimuli in PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . We performed the @entity406 test and found no difference in the @entity158 behavior in the first phase of the @entity406 test, which is attributed to acute nociception, between PLCbeta4 knock-out and wild-type @entity19 . Consistent with this result, acute @entity158 responses in the hot plate and tail flick tests were also unaffected in the PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . However, the nociceptive behavior in the second phase of the @entity406 test, resulting from the tissue @entity32 , was attenuated in PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where @entity38618 and PLCbeta4 mRNAs are expressed, no difference was found between the wild-type and knock-out @entity19 in the number of @entity9830 -like immunoreactive neurons, which represent neuronal activity in the second phase in the @entity406 test. Thus, it is unlikely that spinal PLCbeta4 is involved in the @entity406 -induced @entity158 . Next, we found that pretreatment with PLC inhibitors, @entity9446 antagonists, or both, by either intracerebroventricular or intrathalamic injection, attenuated the @entity406 -induced @entity158 behavior in the second phase in wild-type @entity19 . Furthermore, activation of @entity9446 at the VPL enhanced @entity158 behavior in the second phase in the wild-type @entity19 . In contrast, PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 did not show such enhancement, indicating that @entity9446 is connected to PLCbeta4 in the VPL. Finally, in parallel with the behavioral results, we showed in an electrophysiological study that the time course of firing discharges in VPL corresponds well to that of @entity158 behavior in the @entity406 test in both wild-type and PLCbeta4 knock-out @entity19 . These findings indicate that the thalamic @entity9446 -PLCbeta4 cascade is indispensable for the @entity406 -induced @entity158 by regulating the response of VPL neurons.

title: Role of thalamic XXXX mediated by metabotropic @entity2227 receptor type 1 in @entity158 .

answer: @entity64294 :: (18798(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['phospholipase C[beta]4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the costs and use of healthcare for @entity1 during the first months with @entity32 , in a population-based prospective referral study in Southern Sweden. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity625 for < 3 months and with onset of symptoms between 1 May 1999 and 1 May 2000 were referred from primary health centres to rheumatologists. Four clinical assessments were performed during a 6-month follow-up period. The direct medical costs for inpatient stays, outpatient visits, visits to general practitioners, and visits to health professionals, as well as costs for medication, radiographs, and laboratory tests were recorded from the onset of the disease up to 6 months of follow-up. Indirect costs for sick leave were also recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-six of 71 referred @entity1 agreed to participate. Thirteen (23%) had @entity309 , 21 (38%) had @entity625 ( @entity625 ), 14 (25%) had undifferentiated @entity625 , and eight (14%) had other arthritides. The median cost per @entity1 in the entire group was USD 3362. The median cost per @entity1 in the @entity309 group was USD 4385, and USD 4085 in the @entity625 group. There was no statistically significant difference in the median costs per @entity1 in the different diagnostic groups. Sick leave accounted for 44% of the total costs in the entire group, and 46% and 47%, respectively, in the @entity309 and @entity625 groups. CONCLUSION: The costs of early @entity625 are already considerable during the first months of the disease following the onset of the symptoms. The indirect costs due to sick leave accounted for nearly half of the costs.

title: The costs of early XXXX : a population-based study in southern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['early joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['reactive arthritis', 'ReA', 'arthritis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory joint disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are many techniques describe for ureteroenteric anastomoses. We present our experience with three of them inorder to reduce the @entity850 rate. METHOD AND MATERIAL: We have done radical cystectomy in 77 @entity1 . Urinary diversion with small bowel in 20 @entity1 ( @entity4628 ) and dstubulized ureterosigmoidostomy (MainzII) in 55. Initially, we used Le Duc technique, afterward Ricard technique and actually bivalva technique (direct). RESULTS: We have performed Le Duc in 38%, Ricard in 31% and "bivalva" in 27%. Median follow-up are 37.7 months, 19.9 months and 10 months respectively. @entity850 : 16.7% with Le Duc; 20.5% with Ricard and 9.1% with bivalva technique. Renal anulation: 10.4% with Le Duc; 10.3% with Ricard and 0% with bivalva (p .000). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the less stenosant anastomose is BivalvaIn one. The simpliest technique, the best results. The rate of @entity850 is higher when the upper urinary tract is dilatated pre-surgery, independently of the @entity254 technique.

title: [Uretero-intestinal XXXX . Our experience. The simpler... the better].

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['Paduana ileal neobladder']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document changes in serum levels of the vasoactive and immunoregulatory neuropeptides, @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ) and @entity4757 , in @entity1 @entity86 and to determine whether levels correlate with outcome. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive cohort study with no interventions. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit and clinical research center. @entity1 : The study included 61 @entity1 with @entity295 after major visceral surgery (survivors, n = 37; nonsurvivors, n = 24) and 23 control @entity1 without @entity295 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum levels of @entity10132 and @entity4757 were measured by specific enzyme-linked immunoassays over the course of @entity295 . @entity86 was associated with a significant increase in @entity10132 serum levels. Systemic @entity10132 levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors as early as day 1 of @entity295 and remained significantly elevated in nonsurvivors throughout the entire course of @entity295 . @entity4757 levels were also elevated in @entity295 @entity1 as compared with controls, but significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were only observed during the final phase of @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: High systemic @entity10132 levels were associated with lethal outcome already at the onset of @entity295 , whereas high @entity4757 levels were identified as late predictive indicators of lethal outcome. These results are consistent with the view that the neuropeptides, @entity10132 and @entity4757 , may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity295 .

title: Systemic neuropeptide levels as predictive indicators for lethal outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10132 :: ('796', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative sepsis', 'postoperative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity4757 :: ('6863', 'Gene') :: ['substance P', 'Substance P']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document changes in serum levels of the vasoactive and immunoregulatory neuropeptides, @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ) and @entity4757 , in @entity1 @entity86 and to determine whether levels correlate with outcome. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive cohort study with no interventions. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit and clinical research center. @entity1 : The study included 61 @entity1 with @entity295 after major visceral surgery (survivors, n = 37; nonsurvivors, n = 24) and 23 control @entity1 without @entity295 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum levels of @entity10132 and @entity4757 were measured by specific enzyme-linked immunoassays over the course of @entity295 . @entity86 was associated with a significant increase in @entity10132 serum levels. Systemic @entity10132 levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors as early as day 1 of @entity295 and remained significantly elevated in nonsurvivors throughout the entire course of @entity295 . @entity4757 levels were also elevated in @entity295 @entity1 as compared with controls, but significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were only observed during the final phase of @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: High systemic @entity10132 levels were associated with lethal outcome already at the onset of @entity295 , whereas high @entity4757 levels were identified as late predictive indicators of lethal outcome. These results are consistent with the view that the neuropeptides, @entity10132 and @entity4757 , may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity295 .

title: Systemic neuropeptide levels as predictive indicators for lethal outcome in XXXX with @entity86 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity32298 and the SF-36 are the most frequently used questionnaires for assessing the quality of life in @entity1252 @entity1 . The SF-36 is actually considered the most suitable for this disease, due to the inclusion of fatigue, a manifestation frequently observed in @entity1252 @entity1 . Using these instruments, it has been clearly demonstrated that @entity1 with @entity1252 have a worse quality of life than healthy @entity1 of the same age. Some aspects of daily life, like physical activity, job, social relationship and vitality, are particularly affected. In the majority of studies, an inverse relation between quality of life and disease activity has been observed. The influence the damage has on the quality of life is more complex, since a greater number of variables are involved. In fact, the amount of damage largely depends on the organ involved and on functional impairment resulting from it. To explain the variability in the quality of life among different @entity1 , it is important to consider, besides the clinical complaints, the psycho-social dimension of each @entity1 . In fact, some @entity1252 @entity1 , unlike others, cope well with the disease. @entity1 behave differently when faced with critical situations, i.e. after being diagnosed with a @entity102 ; their reaction depends on the degree of support they receive from family, friends and colleagues, and from the different strategies of coping, that they use.

title: [Quality of life in XXXX ]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity146 are serious consequences of moderate to severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and have a negative impact on outcome. There may be two types: neurobehavioral problems, manifesting as inadequate social behavior resulting from prefrontal system damage, and affective @entity146 , resulting from emotional distress as a reaction to the @entity1545 . In the present study we investigated whether these two types of @entity146 , as indicated by proxies, could be distinguished in a group of chronic @entity131 @entity1 and whether early indicators of prefrontal damage on imaging could predict long-term neurobehavioral problems. Computed tomography (CT) imaging data on admission were used to identify frontal lesions. Three hundred twenty-three moderate to severe @entity131 survivors received 2 to 16 years post-trauma an aftercare survey with seven questions asking for changes in behavior and affect, presented both to @entity1 and their proxies. One hundred eighty-six @entity1 (59%) answered the behavioral questions; 42% had frontal lesions on CT. Ordinal common factor analysis on proxy scores yielded two factors, with behavior and affective items clearly separated and the anger item mediocre related to both factors. Three scales were created: Behavior, Affective and Anger. Frontal @entity1 scored significantly higher on the Behavior and Anger scales. Logistic regression analysis showed a fourfold increase of long-term neurobehavioral problems in @entity1 with frontal lesions. Long-term neurobehavioral problems were significantly correlated to one-year outcome and return to work in the long term. We conclude that in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity131 neurobehavioral and affective problems can be distinguished. Early @entity2122 predict long-term neurobehavioral problems, but not affective problems.

title: Early Computed Tomography Frontal Abnormalities Predict Long-Term Neurobehavioral Problems But Not Affective Problems after Moderate to Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['CT frontal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems', 'Behavioral problems']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective immunity induced by the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP30 of @entity2042 in @entity19 . METHODS: An orthogonal table L(16) (4 x 2(12)) was selected as the experimental design. Eight-week-old Kunming outbred @entity19 (male and female) were randomly divided into 16 experimental groups and 2 control groups. Control groups were injected with @entity19550 ascites intraperitoneally. @entity19 from each group were infected with 100 +/- 2 cercariae of @entity2042 in the abdominal skin and were sacrificed on the thirtieth day postchallenge. @entity5294 were recovered and counted by perfusion of the left ventricle-portal vein. The @entity19550 ascites injected @entity19 were used as controls and the percentage of protection was calculated. RESULTS: Active immunization of @entity19 with NP30 could produce protection levels ranging from 22.36% to 50.46% depending on the different immunity protocols. The best immunization protocol was established from the results. CONCLUSIONS: Active immunization with NP30 can induce a degree of protection to infection with @entity2042 cercariae and NP30 is a potential vaccine candidate against @entity2042 .

title: Protective immunity induced by the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP30 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5294 :: ('MESH:D004320', 'Disease') :: ['Adult worms']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the extensibility and retractility of the surgical margins in digestive system @entity5 . METHODS: The length difference of the digestive tract was measured in vivo and in vitro under different conditions. Five cm of the stomach, small intestine and large bowel and 2 cm of the esophagus were measured as standard control length in vivo just before resection. The length was measured with a ruler under pull of 500 g and 1 000 g in vivo, in fresh status in vitro, and 10% @entity406 fixed for 6 - 8 h, 12 - 24 h and 48 - 72 h. The extension or retraction ratio was calculated. The length difference was divided by the natural length in vivo. RESULTS: Seventeen cases of the esophagus, 18 cases of the stomach, 15 cases of the small intestine and 25 cases of the large bowel were measured under pull of 500 g and 1 000 g. The esophagus extended 16.5% and 30.5%, stomach 15.0% and 22.6%, small intestine 66.4% and 120.0%, large bowel 36.0% and 56.0% respectively. In natural status ex vivo, the esophagus retracted 44.5%, stomach 13.6%, small intestine 11.4% and large bowel 15.6% respectively; they continue to retract after 10% @entity406 fixation until 12 - 24 h later. If the length of surgical margin of the fresh specimen ex vivo was x, the natural length of margin in vivo of the esophagus would be 1.80 x, stomach 1.16 x, small intestine 1.13 x, and large bowel 1.18 x. If @entity406 fixation for 6 - 8 h, the natural length of surgical margin in vivo of the esophagus would be 1.82 x, stomach 1.41 x, small intestine 1.22 x, large bowel 1.55 x. If @entity406 fixation for 12 - 24 h, the surgical margin length in vivo of the esophagus would be 2.22 x, stomach 1.43 x, small intestine 1.28 x, and large bowel 1.57 x. CONCLUSION: The length of surgical margin of digestive system @entity5 varied under different conditions, and the evaluation of surgical margin during surgery should be performed under natural status in vivo.

title: [The extensibility and retractility of surgical margins in digestive tract XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression and role of @entity1605 in @entity35 lens epithelial cells (LECs) of @entity273 ( @entity274 )-induced @entity231 . METHODS: @entity35 lenses were cultured in vitro and @entity231 was induced by 2 mM @entity274 . The lenses were observed under microscope. Simultaneously, photographs and picture analyses were done in order to detect the variation of the opacity. The expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was detected with immunohistochemical method and compared with a control group. RESULTS: When the lenses were cultured in 2 mM @entity274 for 3 hours (h), the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was increased obviously. There was significant difference between @entity274 -induced and the control group (P = 0.006). After 6 h, vesicles appeared at the equator of the lenses. There was a significant difference between the result of picture analysis of @entity274 -induced and control group (P = 0.013). So the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs of @entity274 -induced @entity231 was increased before @entity231 occurred. After induced with @entity274 for 24 h, the opacity of lenses and the expression of LECs were both increased as compared with that at 6 h (P = 0.000, 0.000). CONCLUSION: @entity274 can enhance the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs which may play a role in the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced @entity231 .

title: [The expression of XXXX in @entity35 lens epithelial cells of @entity273 -induced @entity231 ].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['calpain II']