abstract: @entity4837 is one of the most common problems leading to prolonged hospitalization of the newborn. Therefore, an effective low-risk, low-cost therapy reducing hospitalization is highly desirable. Plain dried agar, an extract of seaweed, is low cost and low risk; it can bind @entity648 in the gut, decreasing its enterohepatic circulation, thereby decreasing serum levels. Because of conflicting conclusions in the studies of agar's effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of @entity4837 , a meta-analysis of their methodologies was done. Criteria for assessing prospective controlled therapeutic trials of agar were established in six areas: hypothesis and clinical outcome, @entity1 selection, treatment group allocation, therapeutic maneuver, use of cotherapies, and data analysis. Nine prospective clinical trials of agar therapy were evaluated using these six criteria. The seven studies with negative conclusions regarding agar's efficacy failed to meet the criteria in several categories: @entity1 selection, therapeutic maneuver, use of cotherapies, or data analysis. All of the studies, including the positive studies, were at risk for biased treatment allocation. Although the pooled data analysis suggests that prophylactic agar treatment is associated with reduced peak serum @entity648 levels, this observation must be interpreted cautiously in light of heterogenous @entity1 populations and the methodologic problems described. Based on this meta-analysis, agar therapy for @entity4837 can neither be recommended nor rejected. The methodologic analysis gives clear guidance for future research concerning the effectiveness of agar in treating @entity4837 and provides a model for meta-analysis of other prospective trials in pediatrics.

title: Decreased neonatal serum XXXX with plain agar: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice', 'Neonatal jaundice']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['bilirubin']


abstract: To evaluate a technique of canal wall up mastoidectomy for limited attic @entity3540 and to study practical considerations during surgery. Any @entity1 undergoing surgery for attic @entity3540 was thoroughly examined during surgery and decision for doing this canal wall up (CWU) surgery will be taken on operating table. The @entity1 were regularly followed up and microscopic, oto endoscopic and audiological assessments done at regular intervals. Revision surgery was done only if there were signs of recidivism or if ossiculoplasty was planned for second stage or placement of a prosthesis later was considered. Out of 100 @entity3540 surgeries, 22 cases found suitable for the CWU technique. Only 1 out of 22 @entity1 required revision surgery due to recurrence. Rest of the @entity1 maintained healthy middle ear for more than a year. Prevention of medialisation of attic cartilage piece was found to be very important consideration. The CWU technique is a reliable method of management for limited attic @entity3540 . Selection of subjects should be very meticulous.

title: Atticotomy, Attic Reconstruction, Tympanoplasty with or Without Ossiculoplasty, Canal Plasty and Cortical Mastoidectomy as Part of Intact Canal Wall Technique for Attic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['Cholesteatoma']


abstract: 1. Simultaneous recordings of membrane potential and edge movement were obtained in spontaneously beating @entity1573 embryonic myocardial cell aggregates, which are known to behave as an isopotential syncytium.2. The time course of edge movement was similar in different aggregates, and in different regions of the same aggregate.3. Peak amplitude was increased by 10(-6)m-ouabain, and by rapid reduction of the external @entity1372 concentration.4. Peak amplitude was decreased during single premature action potentials, but sustained rapid pacing produced an ascending staircase.5. Depolarizing current pulses increased both the amplitude and duration of the contraction, and caused potentiation of the next spontaneous beat. Edge displacement during a series of pulses was a monotonic function of membrane potential.6. Edge movement between action potentials (diastolic movement) was well fitted by an exponential with a mean time constant of 69 msec. Diastolic edge movement was due to a weak, slowly decaying contractile force, which was demonstrated in cells grown on a linear-elastic nylon bristle.7. The time course of diastolic edge movement remained constant, or nearly constant, during variations in peak amplitude that resulted from prematurity of the action potential, exposure to 10(-6)m-ouabain, spontaneous mechanical alternans, or prolongation of the action potential by current pulses.8. In contrast, reduction of the external @entity1372 concentration produced marked, selective slowing of the diastolic edge movement. Similar slowing occurred during cooling and during staircase. Diastolic edge movement was selectively accelerated when the preceding interbeat interval was prolonged by a hyperpolarizing current pulse.9. The above observations are consistent with the hypothesis that edge displacement is a monotonic function of contractile force.10. The slow relaxation between action potentials probably reflects removal of intracellular @entity460 across the surface membrane in exchange for @entity1372 . Changes in the rate of @entity460 removal may play a role in the regulation of contractility in this tissue.

title: The mechanical activity of XXXX embryonic myocardial cell aggregates.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: A randomized, controlled trial was performed to determine whether infiltration of fascia with @entity1341 , a long-acting local anesthetic, at the time of closure after elective laparotomy, is effective in preventing @entity260 . At the Toronto General Hospital 415 @entity1 undergoing elective laparotomy were randomly allocated to receive @entity1341 0.25% (2 ml/cm incision), infiltrated into the fascia evenly along both sides of the incision before wound closure (202 @entity1 ), or to have closure without infiltration (213 @entity1 ). Chest x-ray (CXR) films of all @entity1 were obtained preoperatively and on the second postoperative day. Pulmonary function studies were performed preoperatively and for the first two consecutive days postoperatively. CXR films were scored by a blinded observer. Postoperatively, 64% of the treatment group and 56% of the control group had evidence of @entity891 on CXR films (p = NS, chi 2 test). Both groups had similar decrements in vital capacity and expiratory reserve volume on the first and second postoperative days. There was no significant difference in the amount of analgesic taken in the first 24 hours, although the time to first analgesic was significantly longer in the treatment group (2.2 vs 1.3 hours, p less than 0.055). We conclude that infiltration of the fascia with 0.25% @entity1341 at a dose of 2 ml/cm of incision is not effective in preventing @entity891 . It does not reduce use of an analgesic although it may delay its initial requirement.

title: A randomized, controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of fascial infiltration of XXXX in preventing respiratory complications after elective abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative atelectasis', 'atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative respiratory complications']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: In @entity235 anesthetized by @entity4485 , bipolar stimulating and recording electrodes were implanted on the gastric serosal surface and pacing effect of stimuli of rectangular current on the basic electric rhythm (BER) was examined. For judgement of pacing, the appearance of a compensatory pause after off-stimulation was a useful criterion. When BER was recorded at the oral side of stimulation, antiperistaltic one was added. @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) was 6.0 +/- 0.6 (SD) cycles/min. The relation between stimulus interval (x) and BER interval (y) was represented by y = x in the stimuli below @entity2198 . In the stimulus frequency until 2 times of @entity2198 above @entity2198 , it was replaced by y = 2x. Phase lag between BERs of two separated points was increased as the stimulus frequency was increased up to @entity2198 . This tendency was observed similarly within 2 times of @entity2198 above @entity2198 . Using a gastrointestinal fiberscope, electric stimulation was delivered from the gastric mucosal side, while BER was recorded from the serosal side in 5 @entity235 and was recorded with electrodes through the endoscope in 2 @entity235 . Pacing was possible, too. These results may indicate that pacing and recording of the BER using gastrointestinal fiberscope are applicable clinically.

title: [Studies of pacing the XXXX stomach with electric stimulation for its possible clinical application (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['MDF', 'Maximum driven frequency']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital sodium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5 @entity1 have impaired humoral and cellular immunity, and are more susceptible to @entity281 ; their immunological response is expected to be less effective than that of healthy @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the immune response to @entity683 vaccine in terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 in a home palliative care unit. METHODS: During the fall of 2000-2001, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007, terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 treated by our home palliative care unit were vaccinated against @entity683 with Vaxigrip(  ). Blood samples were taken before and four weeks after vaccination. Influenza immunological response parameters accepted in the literature were calculated. RESULTS: Eighteen terminal @entity5 @entity1 were vaccinated against @entity683 strains predicted for that year; 13 completed the study. The other five @entity1 died within less than a month from the time of vaccination. The serum protection rate increased from 15.4% before to 61.5% after vaccination, and the serum response rate was 53.8% for all the three strains of vaccination. Mean-fold increase was 24.9 for @entity683 , 15.4 for @entity683 , and 2.8 for @entity683 B. Geometric mean titer was increased for @entity683 from 8.3 before vaccination to 159.4 after vaccination; for @entity683 from 5.2 to 124.3, and for @entity683 B from 5.7 to 44.6. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that @entity683 vaccination is probably effective and can be offered to terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 with a life expectancy of about three months in a home care palliative care unit.

title: Influenza vaccination for terminally ill XXXX @entity1 receiving palliative care: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A-H3N2', 'influenza A-H1N1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5 @entity1 have impaired humoral and cellular immunity, and are more susceptible to @entity281 ; their immunological response is expected to be less effective than that of healthy @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the immune response to @entity683 vaccine in terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 in a home palliative care unit. METHODS: During the fall of 2000-2001, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007, terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 treated by our home palliative care unit were vaccinated against @entity683 with Vaxigrip(  ). Blood samples were taken before and four weeks after vaccination. Influenza immunological response parameters accepted in the literature were calculated. RESULTS: Eighteen terminal @entity5 @entity1 were vaccinated against @entity683 strains predicted for that year; 13 completed the study. The other five @entity1 died within less than a month from the time of vaccination. The serum protection rate increased from 15.4% before to 61.5% after vaccination, and the serum response rate was 53.8% for all the three strains of vaccination. Mean-fold increase was 24.9 for @entity683 , 15.4 for @entity683 , and 2.8 for @entity683 B. Geometric mean titer was increased for @entity683 from 8.3 before vaccination to 159.4 after vaccination; for @entity683 from 5.2 to 124.3, and for @entity683 B from 5.7 to 44.6. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that @entity683 vaccination is probably effective and can be offered to terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 with a life expectancy of about three months in a home care palliative care unit.

title: Influenza vaccination for terminally ill @entity5 XXXX receiving palliative care: a preliminary report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) histocompatibility is not considered when placing donor allografts for lung transplantation. We previously reported that fewer individual Class I ( @entity2149 ) antigen mismatches (MM) correlated with improved survival in lung transplant recipients. In this study we evaluated whether the effects of total HLA, Class I and Class II MM were more important determinants of: (1) recipient survival; (2) development of @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ); and (3) freedom from @entity697 ( @entity697 ). METHODS: All adult primary cadaveric lung recipients transplanted between April 1, 1994, and June 30, 2004 entered in the @entity30626 database were included (n = 9,791). Groups were created based on the total number of HLA, Class I and Class II MM. Recipient survival, freedom from @entity697 and freedom from @entity4154 were compared. Univariate data were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards method. RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified significantly improved survival in recipients with fewer total HLA (p < 0.001) and Class I MM (p = 0.005). The incidence of @entity4154 was significantly lower in @entity1 with fewer total Class I MM (p = 0.036). @entity697 was influenced only by Class II MM (p = 0.005). By multivariate analysis, total HLA, Class I and Class II MM impacted recipient survival. Total HLA and Class I MM correlated with development of @entity4154 . Class II MM correlated with development of @entity697 . CONCLUSION: HLA MM are important determinants of lung transplant survival, @entity4154 and @entity697 . These data suggest that donor-recipient HLA MM may warrant consideration when allocating organs for lung transplantation.

title: HLA mismatches influence lung transplant recipient survival, XXXX and rejection: implications for donor lung allocation.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute rejection', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans', 'BO']

answer: @entity4154 :: (MESH:D001989,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']


abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the height of the pandemic influenza H1N1/09 outbreak in Australia in 2009. The objectives of the study were to evaluate public perceptions about transmission and prevention of the disease, to understand their concerns and preparedness to cope with the disease, and to investigate drivers influencing their behaviour. A questionnaire was designed and administered to 510 customers visiting 15 butcher shops in the Greater Sydney region between 26th June and 2nd August 2009. Data were analysed to estimate the proportion of @entity1 with certain perceptions and to evaluate the influence of these perceptions on two binary outcome variables: (1) whether or not @entity1 believed that avoiding pork would protect them from contracting H1N1/09, and (2) whether or not they actually made some changes to pork consumption after the outbreak. A majority of the respondents had perceptions based on fact about transmission and prevention of H1N1/09. As many as 96.8% of the respondents believed that washing their hands frequently was likely to protect them from contracting H1N1/09. Similarly, most believed that they could contract H1N1/09 by travelling on public transport with a sick @entity1 present (94.1%), by shaking hands with a sick @entity1 (89.2%), or by attending a community gathering (73.7%). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to have factual perceptions about protective behaviours. Misconceptions regarding transmission of the disease were evident, with 21.7% believing that avoiding eating pork could protect them against H1N1/09, 11.1% believing that they could contract H1N1/09 by drinking tap water, 22.8% by handling uncooked pork meat and 15.6% by eating cooked pork. Approximately one third of respondents believed that working in a @entity1707 farm or an abattoir increased their likelihood of contracting H1N1/09 (36.9% and 32.3%, respectively). Younger @entity1 (<35 years old) were more likely to have these misconceptions than older @entity1 . Reduction in consumption of pork, ham or bacon was significantly associated with misconceptions regarding the risk of contracting H1N1/09 from eating @entity1707 meat products. It is recommended that in the event of a future disease emergency, communication activities providing factual information and targeting younger @entity1 should be used.

title: Public perceptions of the transmission of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 from XXXX and pork products in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'person', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the cross-sectional radiological appearances and to review the clinical presentation and outcome of @entity1 with @entity6323 (IVC @entity11293 ). These are rare aggressive @entity5 that present late with non-specific symptoms and have a poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2008, the radiological images of 23 sequential @entity1 with pathologically proven IVC @entity11293 were independently reviewed by two experienced radiologists. The clinical presentation, treatment including surgical details, and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: There were 19 females and four males with a mean age of 53 years. CT typically demonstrated a large, lobulate, non-calcified heterogeneous mass with peripheral enhancement. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images demonstrated a mass with a low signal intensity and T2-weighted MRI images demonstrated a mass with a high signal intensity. Clinical presentation included leg @entity4 , back and @entity490 with almost 50% of @entity1 presenting with @entity3 . Eleven @entity1 underwent ablative surgery. The mean survival time of all @entity1 in the study was 34 months and that of the 11 post-surgical @entity1 was 56 months. CONCLUSION: There are a variety of diagnostic features on both computed tomography (CT) and MRI which aid the diagnosis of this @entity1350 . CT is vital in determining the location of the @entity5 within the IVC and MRI accurately depicts its extent and the potential for surgical resectability, which offers the only chance of survival.

title: XXXX : diagnostic features on cross-sectional imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['unusual vascular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava']

answer: @entity6323 :: (MESH:C563013,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava']


abstract: @entity683 is associated with a variety of @entity16 . Although the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of influenza A H1N1 were reviewed in depth, only brief descriptions of @entity16 exist. We describe the @entity16 of @entity1 hospitalized with @entity281 . We undertook a retrospective study of all hospitalized @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed @entity281 accompanied by @entity16 during a 4-month winter period. Their demographics and clinical characteristics of neurologic presentations were reviewed. Fourteen of 74 @entity1 (19%) with laboratory-confirmed @entity281 presented with @entity16 . Eleven (11/14, 79%) were previously healthy, and three exhibited chronic conditions. Ten (10/14, 71%) presented with @entity410 : six were febrile, and four were nonfebrile. Other complications included @entity5697 , @entity5442 , @entity5785 , and @entity1163 . Only the @entity1 with @entity5697 required a course of rehabilitation. @entity16 associated with influenza A H1N1 in our @entity1 were relatively mild. @entity410 (febrile or nonfebrile) were the most common. However, the possibility of @entity281 should be borne in mind when diagnosing @entity1 with neurologic signs during the influenza A H1N1 season.

title: Pediatric Neurologic Complications Associated With XXXX A H1N1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic complications', 'neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['expressive aphasia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A H1N1 infection']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['Influenza']


abstract: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are used to modify or alter the @entity309 process. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs do not demonstrate the characteristic analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, since weeks or months of treatment are required before clinical benefit is observed. Although they have not been proved to delay, prevent, or reverse articular damage, therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, when successful, is associated with @entity158 and improved function. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and cytotoxic agents should not be considered as routine treatment for @entity1 with @entity309 . Before disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy is implemented, an optimal basic program of physical therapy, rest, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be implemented, and it must be documented that the @entity1 still has sufficient disease to justify the costs, risks, and benefits of these treatments. Drugs that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are preferred over nonapproved drugs. @entity6383 , parenteral gold salts, oral gold, @entity2361 , and the cytotoxic drug @entity500 are the FDA-approved disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for use in @entity309 . Many, not all, rheumatologists would employ @entity6383 as the first-choice disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in @entity1 who have early, mild, and nonerosive disease; treatment should be continued for six months before being abandoned for lack of efficacy, and appropriate ophthalmologic examination every four to six months is indicated. An alternative would be auranofin, whose efficacy approaches that of parenteral gold, yet may be safer. For @entity1 who have severe active @entity309 , especially with erosive changes, parenteral gold salts are usually a first choice. @entity2361 is also effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of @entity309 , but serious @entity137 may occur. @entity500 might be considered a competitor to @entity2361 , although the FDA approval restricts its use to @entity1 who have failed gold therapy. Two cytotoxic drugs that are not FDA approved are @entity1499 and @entity786 . @entity1499 can be very effective, but its side effects, particularly pulmonary and hepatic, must be carefully monitored. @entity786 is generally considered too toxic for use in @entity1 with @entity309 , although it may be helpful in @entity1 with @entity12299 or @entity1 who have failed all other therapies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Role of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs versus cytotoxic agents in the therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity12299 :: ('MESH:D056653', 'Disease') :: ['systemic rheumatoid vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxychloroquine', 'hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pain and joint swelling']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PET with [methyl-(11)C]-choline ( @entity25249 ) can be useful for detecting well-differentiated @entity157 ( @entity157 ) that is not 18F-FDG-avid. This study was designed to examine the relationship between @entity1877 metabolism and @entity1877 tracer uptake in @entity157 for PET with @entity25249 . METHODS: Dynamic PET scans of @entity25249 were acquired using the woodchuck models of @entity157 . After imaging, [methyl-(14)C]-choline was injected, and metabolites from both @entity157 tissue samples and the surrounding hepatic tissues were extracted and analyzed by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. The enzymatic activities of @entity1877 kinase and @entity1877 - @entity1391 cytidylyltransferase were assayed for correlation with the imaging and metabolism data. RESULTS: PET with @entity25249 showed an @entity157 detection rate of 9 of 10. The @entity5 -to-liver ratio for the 9 detected @entity5462 was 1.89  0.55. @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining confirmed that all spots with high tracer uptake were well-differentiated @entity5462 . Variation of radioactivity distribution within @entity5462 indicated a heterogeneous uptake of @entity1877 . The activities of both @entity1877 kinase and @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase were found to be significantly higher in @entity157 than in the surrounding hepatic tissues. The major metabolites of @entity25249 were @entity2945 in @entity157 and @entity7727 and @entity1877 in the surrounding hepatic tissues at 12 min after injection; in @entity157 , @entity2945 rapidly converted to @entity2434 at 30 min after injection. CONCLUSION: @entity5462 display enhanced uptake of radiolabeled @entity1877 despite a moderate degree of physiologic uptake in the surrounding hepatic tissues. Initially, increased radiolabeled @entity1877 uptake in @entity5462 is associated with the transport and phosphorylation of @entity1877 ; as time passes, the increased uptake of radiolabeled @entity1877 reflects increased @entity2434 synthesis derived from radiolabeled @entity6624 ( @entity13667 - @entity1877 ) in @entity5462 . In contrast, the surrounding hepatic tissues exhibit extensive oxidation of radiolabeled @entity1877 via the @entity3633 methylation pathway, a major contributor to the observed physiologic uptake.

title: Imaging lipid synthesis in XXXX with [methyl-11c]choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity6624 :: ('MESH:D003566', 'Chemical') :: ["cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine"]

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['choline-phosphate', 'phosphocholine']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: In @entity1573 embryo, the adenohypophysis shows close morphological relationships with @entity1640 and nasal presumptive territories. However, we do not know how long the adenohypophysis depends on its surrounding tissues for its development and differentiation nor do we know anything about factors and mechanisms invovled. This study was undertaken to investigate whether any interactions between these neighbouring tissues influence adenohypophyseal cell growth and differentiation. The ablation of the presumptive hypothalamus and @entity2339 results in the failure of @entity1640 and infundibular process development. However, the adenohypophysis was present, although it was drastically modified. Moreover, gonadotrophs and corticotrophs can be detected in the developing adenohypophyseal tissue. After the ablation of nasal presumptive territory, from where GnRH neurons originate, the adenohypophyseal length and the number of gonadatrophs and corticotrophs are not significantly altered when compared to control embryos. These results suggest that the presumptive hypothalamus and @entity2339 are committed during open neural stage. At the following stages, these territories may act to promote the future adenohypophysis development and morphogenesis. However, it seems that pituitary cells are committed from the very early embryonic stages, but interactions between the presumptive adenohypophysis and adjacent territories before the open neural stage cannot be ruled out.

title: Interactions between adenohypophyseal, XXXX and nasal presumptive territories during early neurulation process.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['neurohypophysis']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327-G @entity35 prostatic @entity420 . The following study compares @entity5 weight measurements with several FCM computer-based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of @entity5 . Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or @entity4742 treatments were initiated when the @entity5 were palpable (day 21) and continued until the @entity5 were excised (day 52). Hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, and @entity4742 treatments all resulted in significant inhibition by @entity5 weight. Quantitation of the percentage of mid-S phase aneuploid cells by summation gave the best correlation with @entity5 weight. @entity5 grown in hypophysectomized, orchiectomized, adrenalectomized, or @entity4742 -treated animals showed a significant reduction in the proportion of mid-S phase cells as compared with controls. The calculation of the percentage of all aneuploid cells was significantly reduced in hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, and @entity4742 -treated animals. However, @entity5 grown in adrenalectomized animals were not significantly different from controls by this method. Adrenalectomy was found to be the least effective form of therapy, and this was reflected in all of the parameters measured. These data show that FCM analysis may be useful in the quantitation of @entity263 response to therapy.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the R3327-G @entity35 prostatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma to endocrine manipulation']


abstract: The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327-G @entity35 prostatic @entity420 . The following study compares @entity5 weight measurements with several FCM computer-based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of @entity5 . Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or @entity4742 treatments were initiated when the @entity5 were palpable (day 21) and continued until the @entity5 were excised (day 52). Hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, and @entity4742 treatments all resulted in significant inhibition by @entity5 weight. Quantitation of the percentage of mid-S phase aneuploid cells by summation gave the best correlation with @entity5 weight. @entity5 grown in hypophysectomized, orchiectomized, adrenalectomized, or @entity4742 -treated animals showed a significant reduction in the proportion of mid-S phase cells as compared with controls. The calculation of the percentage of all aneuploid cells was significantly reduced in hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, and @entity4742 -treated animals. However, @entity5 grown in adrenalectomized animals were not significantly different from controls by this method. Adrenalectomy was found to be the least effective form of therapy, and this was reflected in all of the parameters measured. These data show that FCM analysis may be useful in the quantitation of @entity263 response to therapy.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the R3327-G XXXX prostatic @entity420 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsion as a perfusate of liver preservation prior to transplantation was evaluated in continuous hypothermic perfusion for 24 hours followed by orthotopic transplantation in inbred male Lewis @entity35 . Three different contents of PFC emulsion that is, 20% (original @entity61318 ), 10% and 0% PFC solution were prepared as a perfusate. Isolated liver was stored for up to 24 hours using a continuous non-pulsatile perfusion technique of closed circuit with each perfusate. Gas content, GOT, @entity4749 , LDH, @entity972 and @entity413 of the perfusate were measured. @entity26 consumption of perfused liver was higher in PFC emulsion than non PFC perfusate. Biochemical analysis of perfusate suggested that liver was preserved best in 10% PFC emulsion. Histological findings, especially, acid phosphatase staining, showed better result in PFC groups. One week survival rates after liver graft were 4/6 (66.7%) in 10% PFC solution, 1/6 (16.7%) in 20% and 0/6 (0%) in 0% solution. In spite of the highest @entity26 consumption of perfused liver in early phase, 20% PFC emulsion did not bring the good preservation of perfused liver because of impaired circulation due to higher viscosity in low temperature. Ten percent PFC solution is considered the best in hypothermic preservation of the liver.

title: [Perfluorochemical emulsion as a perfusate in 24-hour liver preservation prior to transplantation in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity61318 :: ('MESH:C017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluosol DA']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity177 , @entity4968 , @entity879 , removal of @entity5715 and @entity68 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for XXXX and @entity68 removal, immunosorption, @entity879 , uremia, @entity4968 and metabolic assists.

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity5715 :: (CHEBI:28984,Chemical) :: ['aluminium']


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity177 , @entity4968 , @entity879 , removal of @entity5715 and @entity68 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for @entity5715 and @entity68 removal, immunosorption, @entity879 , uremia, XXXX and metabolic assists.

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity177 , @entity4968 , @entity879 , removal of @entity5715 and @entity68 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for @entity5715 and XXXX removal, immunosorption, @entity879 , uremia, @entity4968 and metabolic assists.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity177 , @entity4968 , @entity879 , removal of @entity5715 and @entity68 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for @entity5715 and @entity68 removal, immunosorption, XXXX , uremia, @entity4968 and metabolic assists.

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: Recent data indicate that interstitial macrophages are not functionally homogeneous, but are heterogeneous with several subpopulations that differ both morphologically and functionally. Furthermore, interstitial macrophages are believed to be precursor to alveolar macrophages, which have recently been shown to be heterogeneous in their ability to synthesize and release prostaglandins. Considering the apparent importance of @entity3009 synthesis and release in inflammatory and immune responses, the current study was undertaken to determine if interstitial macrophage subpopulations differ in their ability to synthesize and release @entity3009 (PG) E, PGI2, and @entity2871 (Tx) A2 after stimulation by @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 , zymosan, or aggregated IgG. Interstitial macrophages were harvested and separated into 18 density-defined fractions. Density-defined interstitial macrophages (DD-IM) showed marked heterogeneity in @entity3009 synthesis and release. Maximal PGE synthesis and release was seen as a single broad peak after @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 and zymosan stimulation. In contrast, no peak in PGE synthesis was seen after aggregated IgG stimulation. PGI2 synthesis also was seen as a single broad peak generated by the lower density interstitial macrophage subpopulations after all stimuli. Similarly, TxA2 synthesis and release was maximal from a broad range of various DD-IM after @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 , zymosan, and aggregated IgG stimulation. Furthermore, the synthesis and release of TxA2 correlated with the presence of zymosan and IgG receptors on DD-IM. The results demonstrate that DD-IM are heterogeneous in ability to synthesize and release @entity2918 , which are dependent on the stimuli.

title: XXXX synthesis and release by subpopulations of rat interstitial macrophages.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin']


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity2883 are reported, 16 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 aged 49.3 +/- 14 years at the onset of their illness. The presenting symptoms were oto-rhino-laryngeal in 22 cases and pulmonary in 16 cases. @entity8 was initial in only 1 case. The complete picture comprised oto-rhino-laryngeal (29 cases), pulmonary (26 cases), renal (27 cases), articular (16 cases), muco-cutaneous (19 cases), ocular (15 cases), neurological (13 cases), and muscular (10 cases) involvement. An increased sedimentation rate, @entity491 , @entity417 and @entity1148 were common findings. The treatment comprised @entity134 therapy associated with immunosuppressor drugs (28 cases) and plasma exchanges (8 cases). External radiotherapy was used in 5 @entity1 , including 3 with @entity75 , but was not effective. The probability of survival after the initial symptoms was 84 p. 100 at 1 year, 69 p. 100 at 3 years and 59 p. 100 at 5 and 10 years. Eight @entity1 died; infection and @entity177 were the principal causes. Late relapse occurred in 3 @entity1 justifying long-term follow-up and the necessity of using the term "cure" with reserve. The clinical and therapeutic aspects are described in the light of the authors' experience and a review of the literature. The concept of localised form of the disease and bordeline forms with @entity12390 , @entity11657 , Churg and Strauss syndrome and @entity1669 are also discussed.

title: [ XXXX . Clinical aspects, nosologic problems. Review of the literature apropos of 30 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity12390 :: ('MESH:D011081', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic polychondritis']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['periarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's Granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: We describe the effect of administration of repeated doses of @entity54327 in a newborn @entity1 with @entity1378 due to transient @entity2743 . Pretreatment (day 3) serum T4 and @entity3938 concentrations were 49 micrograms/dl and 590 ng/dl, respectively. With 24 h after the first dose of ipodate, serum @entity3938 fell by 40%, and it subsequently ranged from 209-278 ng/dl throughout the 39-day ipodate treatment period. Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. These plateau values are in the upper range of normal for the neonatal period. Rapid clinical improvement occurred as the hyperiodothyroninemia abated. Serum @entity3938 concentrations increased from 468-672 ng/dl to greater than 1400 ng/dl 24 h after each ipodate dose. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was present in maternal and cord sera, and the half-life of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the @entity1 was approximately 12 days. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were present in the @entity1 at 10 days of age, and the titers decreased progressively thereafter; the half-life for the antimicrosomal antibody titer was 3 weeks. The data suggest that @entity54327 can be useful for treatment of @entity1378 due to @entity2743 .

title: Treatment of XXXX due to @entity2743 with @entity54327 .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity54327 :: ('MESH:D007487', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium ipodate']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['neonatal hyperthyroidism']


abstract: We describe the effect of administration of repeated doses of @entity54327 in a newborn @entity1 with @entity1378 due to transient @entity2743 . Pretreatment (day 3) serum T4 and @entity3938 concentrations were 49 micrograms/dl and 590 ng/dl, respectively. With 24 h after the first dose of ipodate, serum @entity3938 fell by 40%, and it subsequently ranged from 209-278 ng/dl throughout the 39-day ipodate treatment period. Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. These plateau values are in the upper range of normal for the neonatal period. Rapid clinical improvement occurred as the hyperiodothyroninemia abated. Serum @entity3938 concentrations increased from 468-672 ng/dl to greater than 1400 ng/dl 24 h after each ipodate dose. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was present in maternal and cord sera, and the half-life of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the @entity1 was approximately 12 days. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were present in the @entity1 at 10 days of age, and the titers decreased progressively thereafter; the half-life for the antimicrosomal antibody titer was 3 weeks. The data suggest that @entity54327 can be useful for treatment of @entity1378 due to @entity2743 .

title: Treatment of @entity1378 due to @entity2743 with XXXX .

answer: @entity54327 :: (MESH:D007487,Chemical) :: ['sodium ipodate']


abstract: We describe the effect of administration of repeated doses of @entity54327 in a newborn @entity1 with @entity1378 due to transient @entity2743 . Pretreatment (day 3) serum T4 and @entity3938 concentrations were 49 micrograms/dl and 590 ng/dl, respectively. With 24 h after the first dose of ipodate, serum @entity3938 fell by 40%, and it subsequently ranged from 209-278 ng/dl throughout the 39-day ipodate treatment period. Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. These plateau values are in the upper range of normal for the neonatal period. Rapid clinical improvement occurred as the hyperiodothyroninemia abated. Serum @entity3938 concentrations increased from 468-672 ng/dl to greater than 1400 ng/dl 24 h after each ipodate dose. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was present in maternal and cord sera, and the half-life of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the @entity1 was approximately 12 days. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were present in the @entity1 at 10 days of age, and the titers decreased progressively thereafter; the half-life for the antimicrosomal antibody titer was 3 weeks. The data suggest that @entity54327 can be useful for treatment of @entity1378 due to @entity2743 .

title: Treatment of @entity1378 due to XXXX with @entity54327 .

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: We used a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to determine the age-specific rates of acquisition of antibody to @entity461 in populations living in an inner city area of Baltimore, Md., on an Apache Indian reservation in Arizona, in a rural area of Panama, and in an urban area of Peru (Lima). Antibody to @entity461 was found in a portion of the adults living in all of the study areas. Similar prevalence rates and quantitative levels of antibody were found in the adults living in Arizona (44%), Panama (48%), and Peru (46%). However, a significantly lower (P less than 0.05) percentage of the adults living in Baltimore (18%) displayed serological evidence of @entity281 . Different patterns of age-associated acquisition of antibody were noted in the study populations. In the United States, @entity1 living in Baltimore had low levels of seropositivity throughout childhood, whereas @entity1 living on the Arizona Indian reservation showed a progressive acquisition of antibody early in childhood, with adult levels achieved by 8 years of age. In Latin America, @entity1 living in Panama attained adult levels of seropositivity between 9 and 20 years of age, whereas @entity1 in Peru displayed adult levels of seropositivity in the first 6 months of life. Our findings documented the widespread occurrence of @entity461 infections in diverse populations. @entity1 living in different areas and under different environmental conditions displayed widely differing rates of acquisition of antibody to @entity461 , possibly resulting from different levels of sanitation, water contamination, and @entity1 -to- @entity1 contact. Our studies indicate that quantitative solid-phase immunoassays can be used to study the epidemiology of @entity281 such as those caused by @entity461 .

title: Age-related rate of seropositivity of antibody to XXXX in four diverse populations.

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia', 'G. lamblia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'person']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia lamblia']


abstract: Ten newborn @entity1 , all belonging to one family, suffered from severe @entity5714 . Four babies died shortly before or after birth, six recovered (one spontaneously, 5 after one or more exchange transfusions). In 5 out of 8 @entity1 a mixed @entity3638 was observed in the immediate postnatal period, with elevated levels of indirect- as well as direct-reacting @entity648 . After the neonatal period, a slight @entity24194 , @entity417 persisted, without icterus but with decreased osmotic fragility of the erytrocytes and with target cells in the blood smear. The same hematological picture was observed in one of the parents of each affected baby. All anemic adults belong to one large family; therefore, a dominant mode of inheritance is most likely. Although the hematological findings are suggestive for @entity8674 normal HbF and @entity13554 levels were observed. In vitro incorporation of radioactive @entity368 into globin chains in reticulocytes demonstrated defective synthesis of beta chains in the affected adults; in two affected @entity1 the same technique showed defective gamma-chain synthesis as well. Analysis of the hemoglobin genes proved that the affected family members are suffering from heterozygous gamma-delta- @entity8674 , as originally described by Kan et al. (1972).

title: [ XXXX in one family: gamma-delta-beta thalassemia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['microcytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity24194 :: ('MESH:D000747', 'Disease') :: ['hypochromic']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity5714 :: (MESH:D000743,Disease) :: ['Hemolytic disease of the newborn and chronic hypochromic microcytic anemia']


abstract: The nutritional status, parasite prevalence and immediate @entity272 to Ascaris and @entity4114 antigens were determined for 185 schoolchildren living in two ujamaa villages in Northern Tanzania. In the lowland village of Kwamsisi the parasite ova found were @entity4114 (53.8%), Ascaris (26.0%) and hookworm (24.7%). 57.5% of the @entity1 examined were regarded as malnourished, being less than 80% of their expected weight for age. In the mountain village of Ubiri the parasite prevalence rates were 15.2% for @entity4114 , 1.6% for @entity383 , 65.2% Ascaris and 24.1% hookworm. @entity3147 was found in 81.9% of the @entity1 and in 41.2% of the @entity1 . This sex difference is considered to be due to the physiological effects of living in a hilly environment. Correlation between @entity3147 and @entity281 of Ascaris, hookworm and @entity4114 gave a chi-square value of 5.972 (p = 0.02). All other statistical comparisons between parasite prevalence and nutritional status were insignificant. Immediate @entity272 tests proved unreliable with 23.3% false negatives (negative skin test with parasite ova found). The serum IgE levels were extremely high with a mean of 3174 units per ml suggesting that the immune mechanisms were not retarded by undernutrition.

title: A preliminary survey of XXXX and helminthiasis among schoolchildren in one mountain and one lowland ujamaa village in Northern Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma', 'Schistosoma haematobium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Malnutrition', 'malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: The positively acting regulatory gene amdR of @entity14940 coordinately regulates the expression of four unlinked structural genes involved in @entity14941 (amdS), omega @entity535 (gatA and gabA), and @entity17272 (lamA) catabolism. By the use of DNA-mediated transformation of A. nidulans, the amdR regulatory gene was cloned from a genomic cosmid library. Southern blot analysis of DNA from various loss-of-function amdR mutants revealed the presence of four detectable DNA rearrangements, including a deletion, an insertion, and a translocation. No detectable DNA rearrangements were found in several constitutive amdRc mutants. Analysis of the fate of amdR-bearing plasmids in transformants showed that 10 to 20% of the transformation events were homologous integrations or gene conversions, and this phenomenon was exploited in developing a strategy by which amdRc and amdR- alleles can be readily cloned and analyzed. Examination of the transcription of amdR by Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis revealed the presence of two mRNAs (2.7 and 1.8 kilobases) which were constitutively synthesized at a very low level. In addition, amdR transcription did not appear to depend on the presence of a functional amdR product nor was it altered in amdRc mutants. The dosage effects of multiple copies of amdR in transformants were examined, and it was shown that such transformants exhibited stronger growth than did the wild type on @entity14941 and @entity52804 media, indicating increased expression of the amdS and lamA genes, respectively. These results were used to formulate a model for amdR-mediated regulation of gene expression in which the low constitutive level of amdR product sets the upper limits of basal and induced transcription of the structural genes. Multiple copies of 5' sequences from the amdS gene can result in reduced growth on substrates whose utilization is dependent on amdR-controlled genes. This has been attributed to titration of limiting amdR gene product. Strong support for this proposal was obtained by showing that multiple copies of the amdR gene can reverse this phenomenon (antititration).

title: Cloning and analysis of the positively acting regulatory gene amdR from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14941 :: ('MESH:C030686', 'Chemical') :: ['acetamide']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity52804 :: ('CHEBI:36592', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidinone']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: Bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM) protect the adult lung from low level microbial contamination. The antimicrobial activity of @entity1 newborn BAM is unknown. BAM were isolated from effluents of suctioned, intubated newborns and from bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. An in vitro cytologic slide assay was developed and used to ascertain: 1) inhibition of intracellular filamentation of @entity5132 (active @entity375 growth) and 2) killing + digestion of ingested @entity5132 . The ability to restrict intracellular @entity375 filamentation was markedly different for @entity1 newborn versus adult BAM. Adult BAM were five times more effective in restricting intracellular filamentation of Candida compared to newborn cells (p less than 0.01). Nonfilamented ingested @entity375 were also handled differently by newborn and adult macrophages. Nonfilamented @entity375 were killed and digested by adult BAM at a rate that was 2.5 times above that noted in neonatal lung macrophages (p less than 0.005). However, no differences were found in the total number of killed + digested Candida within @entity1 newborn and adult BAM [adult = 32.4 +/- 10.5% (n = 5), newborn less than 1200 g = 39.6 +/- 16.8% (n = 8), and newborn greater than 1200 g = 30.2 +/- 11.1% (n = 16), mean +/- S.D.]. Neonatal BAM were able to destroy @entity5132 at a level equivalent to adult cells because these newborn phagocytes allowed intracellular Candida to enter a state of active growth, thereby rendering the @entity375 more susceptible to killing and digestion. The anti-Candida activity noted in lung macrophages recovered from normal 1-day-old and adult @entity95 was similar to that seen in @entity1 BAM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1 and XXXX newborn lung macrophages have reduced anti-Candida activity.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM) protect the adult lung from low level microbial contamination. The antimicrobial activity of @entity1 newborn BAM is unknown. BAM were isolated from effluents of suctioned, intubated newborns and from bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. An in vitro cytologic slide assay was developed and used to ascertain: 1) inhibition of intracellular filamentation of @entity5132 (active @entity375 growth) and 2) killing + digestion of ingested @entity5132 . The ability to restrict intracellular @entity375 filamentation was markedly different for @entity1 newborn versus adult BAM. Adult BAM were five times more effective in restricting intracellular filamentation of Candida compared to newborn cells (p less than 0.01). Nonfilamented ingested @entity375 were also handled differently by newborn and adult macrophages. Nonfilamented @entity375 were killed and digested by adult BAM at a rate that was 2.5 times above that noted in neonatal lung macrophages (p less than 0.005). However, no differences were found in the total number of killed + digested Candida within @entity1 newborn and adult BAM [adult = 32.4 +/- 10.5% (n = 5), newborn less than 1200 g = 39.6 +/- 16.8% (n = 8), and newborn greater than 1200 g = 30.2 +/- 11.1% (n = 16), mean +/- S.D.]. Neonatal BAM were able to destroy @entity5132 at a level equivalent to adult cells because these newborn phagocytes allowed intracellular Candida to enter a state of active growth, thereby rendering the @entity375 more susceptible to killing and digestion. The anti-Candida activity noted in lung macrophages recovered from normal 1-day-old and adult @entity95 was similar to that seen in @entity1 BAM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity95 newborn lung macrophages have reduced anti-Candida activity.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Muscle membrane injury is a predictable consequence of extreme exertion. The risk is compounded if an untrained individual performs eccentric exercise in a hot environment, or there is any preceding @entity166 , drug ingestion or an underlying @entity209 . Once the integrity of the membrane is breached, a constellation of physiological changes follows. Cell contents leak out and extracellular components leak in. @entity925 and @entity425 ensue. @entity5632 is but one substance that is liberated into the bloodstream. When @entity2700 , hypovolaemia and @entity520 are added to the @entity5632 load, the kidney may respond by ceasing its excretory and metabolic functions. This is the most serious consequence of @entity5925 , and may be life threatening. The clinical setting, in combination with laboratory features of a grossly elevated @entity908 kinase, @entity42948 positive urine and granular casts provides a rapid and accurate means of diagnosis in most cases. Management principles include aggressive fluid replacement, early use of cation exchange resins and dialysis for electrolyte control, plus fasciotomy for relief of @entity2054 and limb preservation. Following this protocol, the prognosis is excellent. Prior conditioning clearly reduces the incidence of exercise-related @entity121 . Future research should concentrate on the rate at which training loads can be safely increased.

title: XXXX , myoglobinuria and exercise.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['Myoglobin', 'myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity42948 :: ('MESH:C023622', 'Chemical') :: ['orthotoluidine']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: In this paper a review of the epidemiology of both traumatic and @entity7184 is presented with special emphasis on the role of biomechanics. Biomechanical analysis of @entity130 and the specific sports has increased in sophistication to such a degree we have a much better understanding of both aetiology and management. Particularly in the area of @entity7184 this biomechanical data can also be utilised in prevention. This paper discusses acute @entity130 with emphasis on @entity3331 . A detailed examination of @entity3331 during skiing is explored. In addition, cervical @entity130 in gridiron football and rugby are outlined. @entity7184 occurring during running are next discussed. Aetiological factors including @entity121 and inflexibility, footwear, running gait and lower extremity @entity893 are considered. @entity7184 in swimming, dance, gymnastics and throwing sports are briefly discussed. Biochemical analysis is felt to be important in developing strategies that lead to rule changes, alteration of training techniques and improvement in equipment and footwear.

title: The role of biomechanics in the epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse injuries', 'Overuse injuries']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['training errors, muscular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: During the 17 years preceding March 1985, 140 @entity1 sustained @entity23869 caused by 44 thunderbolts. Fifty @entity1 showed evidence of current flow through their bodies. These 50 victims were classified into two groups, the first consisting of 9 victims who showed @entity397 of their clothes or linear superficial dermal burns along their whole bodies from head to feet, indicating the occurrence of surface flashovers. The remaining 41 @entity1 showed no evidence of this flash effect. It is noteworthy that in the first group 5 of the 9 survived, whereas in the second group only 6 among 41 survived. The result indicates that when a flashover occurs along the whole body, the probability of survival is higher than 50 per cent. The conditions which determine @entity204 or survival were investigated experimentally, imposing artificial lightning voltage impulses on @entity35 and developing flashovers on them. The @entity35 survived when the voltage drop caused by flashover occurred immediately after the peak point, and the current waveform exhibited a sharp peak. In contrast, the @entity35 were killed when the voltage drop caused by flashover was delayed by more than 20 microseconds, and the current waveform showed a blunt cone shape. It has been concluded that a fast flashover appreciably diminishes the energy dissipation within the body and consequently results in survival.

title: XXXX caused by discharges accompanying flashovers--a clinical and experimental study of @entity204 and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23869 :: ('MESH:D015168', 'Disease') :: ['lightning injuries']

answer: @entity23869 :: (MESH:D015168,Disease) :: ['Lightning injury']


abstract: During the 17 years preceding March 1985, 140 @entity1 sustained @entity23869 caused by 44 thunderbolts. Fifty @entity1 showed evidence of current flow through their bodies. These 50 victims were classified into two groups, the first consisting of 9 victims who showed @entity397 of their clothes or linear superficial dermal burns along their whole bodies from head to feet, indicating the occurrence of surface flashovers. The remaining 41 @entity1 showed no evidence of this flash effect. It is noteworthy that in the first group 5 of the 9 survived, whereas in the second group only 6 among 41 survived. The result indicates that when a flashover occurs along the whole body, the probability of survival is higher than 50 per cent. The conditions which determine @entity204 or survival were investigated experimentally, imposing artificial lightning voltage impulses on @entity35 and developing flashovers on them. The @entity35 survived when the voltage drop caused by flashover occurred immediately after the peak point, and the current waveform exhibited a sharp peak. In contrast, the @entity35 were killed when the voltage drop caused by flashover was delayed by more than 20 microseconds, and the current waveform showed a blunt cone shape. It has been concluded that a fast flashover appreciably diminishes the energy dissipation within the body and consequently results in survival.

title: @entity23869 caused by discharges accompanying flashovers--a clinical and experimental study of XXXX and survival.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: We previously reported a study on the antimicrobial action of a chemically synthesized drug, @entity800 ( @entity19001 ) and on its transfer in. This paper describes the results of our clinical study on @entity19001 . 1. Only small fractions of intra-blood @entity19001 were transported into female organs such as uterus, @entity5274 . Our study with the normal delivery method shows that umbilical cord blood concentrations of @entity19001 is a third to a sixth of maternal blood concentrations and is achieved through trans-placental transfer. Its transfer into amniotic fluid, however, is very low. 2. Forty-one cases, including cases of female intrapelvic @entity32 , urinary tract infection, puerperal @entity1271 , etc., were administered with @entity19001 at levels of 200 approximately 400 mg/day for 3 approximately 10 days. @entity19001 were found to be effective in 35 cases. 3. We observed 113 cases to which @entity19001 was administered, and found only 4 cases of @entity344 and 1 case of suspicion of @entity203 as side effects. Laboratory tests showed no abnormalities due to @entity19001 in blood, serum biochemical or urine value in the cases examined (26 to 51 cases depending on test).

title: [Second report of XXXX : clinical study].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['ovary and fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['ofloxacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared adherence to follow-up and clinical outcomes between standard in-clinic and remote follow-up after @entity1499 / @entity396 abortion. STUDY DESIGN: This nonrandomized trial recruited @entity1 requesting medical abortion at two sexual health clinics in Toronto, Canada. @entity1 received @entity1499 50 mg/m(2) followed 3-7 days later by 800 mcg of @entity396 self-administered vaginally. For Day 15, follow-up @entity1 could choose standard in-clinic follow-up with ultrasound and assessment or remote telephone follow-up with serum b-hCG performed at a community laboratory and symptom checklist. Standard and remote follow-up groups were compared for adherence, defined as completing follow-up within 7 days of the scheduled time, and clinical outcomes. Characteristics associated with adherence were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 129 @entity1 , 86 (67%) chose remote follow-up. Nonadherence rates for remote (28%) and standard (23%) follow-up groups did not differ in univariate (p=.57) or multivariable analysis (odds ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.39-3.01). Rates of emergency/hospital visits were 3% and 9% for remote and standard groups, respectively (p=.22), and complete loss to follow was 6% and 14% in remote and standard groups (p=.18). Nonadherent @entity1 were more likely to be undecided about their contraception (65% vs. 28%; p=.002), and this difference persisted in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: Given a choice of remote or in-clinic follow-up after @entity1499 / @entity396 abortion, most @entity1 chose remote follow-up. Rates of adherence to follow-up, adverse outcomes and complete loss to follow-up were similar for @entity1 choosing remote and standard follow-up. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT: Since standard and remote follow-up after @entity1499 / @entity396 abortion are associated with similar adherence to follow-up and similar safety profiles, @entity1 should be offered their choice of follow-up method.

title: Comparison of remote and in-clinic follow-up after XXXX / @entity396 abortion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared adherence to follow-up and clinical outcomes between standard in-clinic and remote follow-up after @entity1499 / @entity396 abortion. STUDY DESIGN: This nonrandomized trial recruited @entity1 requesting medical abortion at two sexual health clinics in Toronto, Canada. @entity1 received @entity1499 50 mg/m(2) followed 3-7 days later by 800 mcg of @entity396 self-administered vaginally. For Day 15, follow-up @entity1 could choose standard in-clinic follow-up with ultrasound and assessment or remote telephone follow-up with serum b-hCG performed at a community laboratory and symptom checklist. Standard and remote follow-up groups were compared for adherence, defined as completing follow-up within 7 days of the scheduled time, and clinical outcomes. Characteristics associated with adherence were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 129 @entity1 , 86 (67%) chose remote follow-up. Nonadherence rates for remote (28%) and standard (23%) follow-up groups did not differ in univariate (p=.57) or multivariable analysis (odds ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.39-3.01). Rates of emergency/hospital visits were 3% and 9% for remote and standard groups, respectively (p=.22), and complete loss to follow was 6% and 14% in remote and standard groups (p=.18). Nonadherent @entity1 were more likely to be undecided about their contraception (65% vs. 28%; p=.002), and this difference persisted in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: Given a choice of remote or in-clinic follow-up after @entity1499 / @entity396 abortion, most @entity1 chose remote follow-up. Rates of adherence to follow-up, adverse outcomes and complete loss to follow-up were similar for @entity1 choosing remote and standard follow-up. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT: Since standard and remote follow-up after @entity1499 / @entity396 abortion are associated with similar adherence to follow-up and similar safety profiles, @entity1 should be offered their choice of follow-up method.

title: Comparison of remote and in-clinic follow-up after @entity1499 / XXXX abortion.

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1267 , nonparturient paresis, @entity1270 and @entity116 were examined from 283 herds (2,590 @entity291 per year) over a period of eight years. These @entity209 made up 29.4% of the cases treated by veterinarians during the farm visits. Significant variation in annual incidences was found only in @entity1270 . The monthly variation in @entity1267 and @entity1270 differed highly significantly from the seasonal variation in calving. They were most frequent in March-April. Most of the @entity116 cases were diagnosed in May-June. The incidence of @entity1267 (0.095 cases per @entity291 per year) and the incidence of @entity1270 (0.058) varied significantly between herds of different size. The incidence of nonparturient paresis (0.008) and @entity116 (0.002) did not vary significantly between herds of different size. The incidence of @entity1270 was significantly higher on farms with milk recording than on other farms. The type of cowshed did not affect the incidence of @entity209 .

title: Incidence of some @entity209 in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['parturient paresis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic disease']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1267 , nonparturient paresis, @entity1270 and @entity116 were examined from 283 herds (2,590 @entity291 per year) over a period of eight years. These @entity209 made up 29.4% of the cases treated by veterinarians during the farm visits. Significant variation in annual incidences was found only in @entity1270 . The monthly variation in @entity1267 and @entity1270 differed highly significantly from the seasonal variation in calving. They were most frequent in March-April. Most of the @entity116 cases were diagnosed in May-June. The incidence of @entity1267 (0.095 cases per @entity291 per year) and the incidence of @entity1270 (0.058) varied significantly between herds of different size. The incidence of nonparturient paresis (0.008) and @entity116 (0.002) did not vary significantly between herds of different size. The incidence of @entity1270 was significantly higher on farms with milk recording than on other farms. The type of cowshed did not affect the incidence of @entity209 .

title: Incidence of some XXXX in dairy @entity291 .

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic diseases']


abstract: @entity977 are known to occur spontaneously in several @entity35 strains, especially during aging. Here we report the occurrence of @entity652 ( @entity2013 ) in a new @entity35 model at an early age. The @entity652 were characterized by light and electron microscopy and histochemically by immunoperoxidase methods using specific antisera. Of the 53 pituitaries examined, one was normal, two were @entity5072 and the remainder were @entity652 . Among the latter, there were 37 @entity2013 (70%), 3 GH-producing @entity5 and 2 ACTH-containing @entity5 . One microadenoma produced both PRL and GH. The remaining 8 @entity652 were histochemically negative for all pituitary hormones. Serum PRL levels were elevated in both sexes while serum @entity251 was high in females and low in the males. The serum @entity172 levels were elevated in the males with @entity2013 . The @entity2013 appear to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant characteristic with incomplete penetrance and a greater incidence in the male.

title: Hereditary pituitary prolactinomas: a new XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate whether @entity5 response using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) performed as part of the routine care during chemoradiation therapy (CRT) could forecast the outcome of unresectable, locally advanced, @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We manually delineated primary @entity5 volumes (TV) of @entity1 with @entity1149 who were treated with radical CRT on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43 on CBCTs obtained as part of the standard radiation treatment course. Percentage reductions in TV were calculated and then correlated to survival and pattern of recurrence using Cox proportional hazard models. Clinical information including histologic subtype was also considered in the study of such associations. RESULTS: We evaluated 38 @entity1 with a median follow-up time of 23.4  months. The median TV reduction was 39.3% (range, 7.3%-69.3%) from day 1 (D1) to day 43 (D43) CBCTs. Overall survival was associated with TV reduction from D1 to D43 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.557, 95% CI 0.39-0.79, P=.0009). For every 10% decrease in TV from D1 to D43, the risk of @entity204 decreased by 44.3%. For @entity1 whose TV decreased >= 39.3 or <39.3%, log-rank test demonstrated a separation in survival (P=.02), with median survivals of 31  months versus 10  months, respectively. Neither local recurrence (HR 0.791, 95% CI 0.51-1.23, P=.29), nor distant recurrence (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.57-1.08, P=.137) correlated with TV decrease from D1 to D43. Histologic subtype showed no impact on our findings. CONCLUSIONS: TV reduction as determined by CBCT during CRT as part of routine care predicts post-CRT survival. Such knowledge may justify intensification of RT or application of additional therapies. Assessment of genomic characteristics of these @entity5 may permit a better understanding of behavior or prediction of therapeutic outcomes.

title: Reduction in Tumor Volume by Cone Beam Computed Tomography Predicts Overall Survival in XXXX Treated With Chemoradiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: Paroxysmal @entity4710 most often results from atrioventricular (AV) reentry using an accessory AV pathway ( @entity3153 ) or reentry within the region of the AV node. In AV reentry, using an accessory pathway, suppression of the @entity591 may be achieved by depressing either anterograde AV nodal conduction or retrograde accessory pathway conduction. Intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation have established that beta-adrenergic antagonists and @entity460 channel blockers principally affect AV nodal conduction (anterograde limb of the reentrant circuit), whereas class IA and IC agents principally affect the accessory AV pathway (retrograde limb). Pharmacologic therapy has been more effective when directed at the limb in which conduction is most marginal at the @entity591 rate (weak limb). In individual @entity1 , intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation can be used to identify the weak limb, indicating the class of agents most likely to be effective. Specialized techniques allowing direct recording of accessory pathway activation suggest that limitations in accessory pathway conduction may be explained by anatomic impediments. Conduction is most limited at the atrial interface of the accessory pathway in some @entity1 , whereas in others the ventricular interface may be the limiting factor. Class IA and IC agents appear to have the greatest effect at sites where conduction is most tenuous, i.e., at the anatomic impediments. Similar considerations apply to AV nodal reentry. Anterograde slow AV nodal pathway conduction is most often @entity308 by digitalis preparations, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and @entity460 channel blockers, whereas retrograde fast AV nodal pathway conduction is more often @entity308 by class IA and IC agents. Intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation can also be used in these @entity1 to identify the weak limb and direct pharmacologic therapy. Direct catheter recordings of AV nodal conduction remain elusive, limiting knowledge of the different conduction properties of the anterograde and retrograde limbs and the site(s) of @entity734 . Studies in progress, comparing the retrograde AV nodal conduction time during @entity591 with that during ventricular pacing at the same rate, suggest that the His bundle may be incorporated in the reentrant circuit in some @entity1 . It appears that @entity1855 more readily depresses retrograde fast pathway conduction in these @entity1 than in those in whom the His bundle does not form part of the reentrant circuit, but the reasons for this are unknown.

title: Use of intracardiac recordings to determine the site of XXXX in @entity4710 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug action']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug action']


abstract: Paroxysmal @entity4710 most often results from atrioventricular (AV) reentry using an accessory AV pathway ( @entity3153 ) or reentry within the region of the AV node. In AV reentry, using an accessory pathway, suppression of the @entity591 may be achieved by depressing either anterograde AV nodal conduction or retrograde accessory pathway conduction. Intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation have established that beta-adrenergic antagonists and @entity460 channel blockers principally affect AV nodal conduction (anterograde limb of the reentrant circuit), whereas class IA and IC agents principally affect the accessory AV pathway (retrograde limb). Pharmacologic therapy has been more effective when directed at the limb in which conduction is most marginal at the @entity591 rate (weak limb). In individual @entity1 , intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation can be used to identify the weak limb, indicating the class of agents most likely to be effective. Specialized techniques allowing direct recording of accessory pathway activation suggest that limitations in accessory pathway conduction may be explained by anatomic impediments. Conduction is most limited at the atrial interface of the accessory pathway in some @entity1 , whereas in others the ventricular interface may be the limiting factor. Class IA and IC agents appear to have the greatest effect at sites where conduction is most tenuous, i.e., at the anatomic impediments. Similar considerations apply to AV nodal reentry. Anterograde slow AV nodal pathway conduction is most often @entity308 by digitalis preparations, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and @entity460 channel blockers, whereas retrograde fast AV nodal pathway conduction is more often @entity308 by class IA and IC agents. Intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation can also be used in these @entity1 to identify the weak limb and direct pharmacologic therapy. Direct catheter recordings of AV nodal conduction remain elusive, limiting knowledge of the different conduction properties of the anterograde and retrograde limbs and the site(s) of @entity734 . Studies in progress, comparing the retrograde AV nodal conduction time during @entity591 with that during ventricular pacing at the same rate, suggest that the His bundle may be incorporated in the reentrant circuit in some @entity1 . It appears that @entity1855 more readily depresses retrograde fast pathway conduction in these @entity1 than in those in whom the His bundle does not form part of the reentrant circuit, but the reasons for this are unknown.

title: Use of intracardiac recordings to determine the site of @entity734 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify clinical factors correlating with @entity177 to control intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary @entity2747 (PACG) eyes with @entity231 after phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of two prospective randomized controlled clinical trials. METHODS: Primary @entity2747 eyes with @entity231 received phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy. Failure was defined as having IOP of 21mm Hg or greater, or requiring @entity726 drugs to maintain an IOP of less than 21 mm Hg, or having had additional IOP-lowering surgery. Factors correlating with @entity177 at 24 months after surgery were identified using logistic regression model. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three PACG eyes with @entity231 and receiving phacoemulsification (n = 62) and phacotrabeculectomy (n = 61) were analyzed. With univariate analysis, factors associated with @entity177 included a higher preoperative IOP, a higher preoperative requirement for @entity726 drugs, absence of @entity1539 configuration, and phacoemulsification alone. With multivariate analysis, factors associated with @entity177 included a higher preoperative IOP [odds ratio (OR), 1.732 per increase in IOP of 5 mm Hg], a higher preoperative requirement for @entity726 drugs (OR, 1.913), and performance of phacoemulsification alone (OR, 10.24). CONCLUSIONS: In PACG eyes with @entity231 , higher preoperative IOP and increased requirement for @entity726 drugs correlate with @entity177 to control IOP after phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy. Phacotrabeculectomy is more likely than phacoemulsification to achieve IOP control.

title: Factors Correlating With Failure to Control Intraocular Pressure in Primary XXXX Eyes With Coexisting @entity231 Treated by Phacoemulsification or Combined Phacotrabeculectomy.

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['plateau iris']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-Closure Glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify clinical factors correlating with @entity177 to control intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary @entity2747 (PACG) eyes with @entity231 after phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of two prospective randomized controlled clinical trials. METHODS: Primary @entity2747 eyes with @entity231 received phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy. Failure was defined as having IOP of 21mm Hg or greater, or requiring @entity726 drugs to maintain an IOP of less than 21 mm Hg, or having had additional IOP-lowering surgery. Factors correlating with @entity177 at 24 months after surgery were identified using logistic regression model. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three PACG eyes with @entity231 and receiving phacoemulsification (n = 62) and phacotrabeculectomy (n = 61) were analyzed. With univariate analysis, factors associated with @entity177 included a higher preoperative IOP, a higher preoperative requirement for @entity726 drugs, absence of @entity1539 configuration, and phacoemulsification alone. With multivariate analysis, factors associated with @entity177 included a higher preoperative IOP [odds ratio (OR), 1.732 per increase in IOP of 5 mm Hg], a higher preoperative requirement for @entity726 drugs (OR, 1.913), and performance of phacoemulsification alone (OR, 10.24). CONCLUSIONS: In PACG eyes with @entity231 , higher preoperative IOP and increased requirement for @entity726 drugs correlate with @entity177 to control IOP after phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy. Phacotrabeculectomy is more likely than phacoemulsification to achieve IOP control.

title: Factors Correlating With Failure to Control Intraocular Pressure in Primary @entity2747 Eyes With Coexisting XXXX Treated by Phacoemulsification or Combined Phacotrabeculectomy.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: Based on a retrospective study of a series of 196 @entity1 followed up from 1974, to 1986, 60 cases of @entity2403 are reviewed in autochthonous French @entity1 , defined as born of French parents in Metropolitan France. The group included 36 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 (sex ratio 1.45) age range 32 +/- 7 years at time of diagnosis. Semeiology and outcome were compared with those of North African @entity1 , the bias related to their female under-representation being eliminated by analysis of findings in males only. No significant difference was noted between the two groups, particularly with respect to ocular, @entity16 . Neither the sex nor the existence of HLA B5 (28/40 tests) had any influence on semeiology. Three deaths related to the disease were reported two pregnancies were conducted to term without neonatal effects despite maternal acute ocular episodes. Treatment was with corticoids (n = 33), immunodeppressants (n = 15), @entity3812 (n = 29) and anticoagulant and/or anti-aggregant therapy (n = 31). Lasting disappearance of aphthosis was obtained in 34 cases, of cutaneous signs in 27, articular signs in 26 and vascular signs in 16. The @entity3217 present initially in 41 @entity1 had disappeared over long periods in 29 cases, and presented a satisfactory prognosis since less than 39 p. 100 of the @entity1 had any significant handicap at 5 years. Among the relapses, 5 appeared after too hasty withdrawal of @entity3812 . The diagnosis of @entity2403 should be evoked in autochthonous subjects if necessary, and confirmed on the basis of usual clinical criteria alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in France. Apropos of 60 autochtonous subjects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's disease"]

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']