abstract: The Gulf of @entity235  sk receives the waters of the Wis  a (Vistula), the largest Polish river and the second largest river flowing into the Baltic Sea. Chloropigments a ( @entity21364 and its derivatives) were determined in water and sediments from the Gulf. Samples were collected during cruises of R.V. 'Oceania' at 19 stations located at different water depths and distances from the shore, in May (2003) and October (2004), i.e., at the beginning and at the end of the growing season, respectively. Seawater was also sampled on the beach at Sopot in June, July and August 2004, i.e., during the height of the growing season. All water samples were collected with a bathometer and passed through Whatman GF/F filters. Recent sediments (0-10 cm) were collected with a core sampler and divided into sub-samples (0-1, 1-5 and 5-10 cm). The pigments were determined using HPLC-DAD. The results were first correlated with a set of parameters measured in situ during sample collection (salinity, temperature, @entity26 content of seawater) and determined in the same material (organic @entity505 content, granulometry), then worked up statistically. Although this investigation shows that particular chloropigments a in recent sediments are indicative of the prevailing environmental conditions in the study area and the trends in their variations, they should be treated as a relative and not an absolute measure, since this is the first such study based on a large and coherent set containing both chloropigment a and environmental data. In addition, a @entity21364 budget is estimated for the Gulf of @entity235  sk on the basis of the literature and the authors' own data. Only c. 10% of the @entity21364 produced annually in the Gulf of @entity235  sk is transferred to sediments in the form of chloropigments a; 2.8% is in the form of undecomposed @entity21364 and 7.2% in the form of @entity21364 derivatives. About 90% of @entity21364 is decomposed to colourless products.

title: Chloropigments a in the Gulf of XXXX  sk (Baltic Sea) as markers of the state of this environment.

entities_list: @entity21364 :: ('MESH:C085815|MESH:C032081', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll a']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Gene) :: ['Gda']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pediatric @entity130 centers (PTC) are concentrated in urban areas leaving large areas where @entity1 do not have access. Although adult @entity130 centers (ATC) often serve to fill the gap, disparities exist. Given the limited workforce in pediatric subspecialties, many adult centers which are called upon to care for @entity1 cannot sufficiently staff their program to meet the requirements of verification as a PTC. We hypothesized that ATCs in collaboration with a PTC could achieve successful American College of Surgeons (ACS) verification as a PTC with measurable improvements in care. This manuscript serves to provide an initial description of this collaborative approach. METHODS: Beginning in 2008, a Level I PTC partnered with three ATC seeking ACS-PTC verification. The centers adopted a plan for education, simulation training, guidelines, and performance improvement support. Results of ACS verification, @entity1 volumes, need to transfer @entity1 , and impact on solid organ injury management were evaluated. RESULTS: Following partnership, each of the ATCs has achieved Level II PTC verification. As part of each review the collaborative was noted to be a significant strength. Total pediatric @entity1 volume increased from 128.1 to 162.1 a year (p=0.031) and transfers out decreased from 3.8% to 2.4% (p=0.032) from pre-partnership to post-partnership time periods. At the initial ATC partner site, 10.7 @entity1 /year with solid organ injury were treated pre-partnership and 11.8/year post-partnership. Following partnership we found significant reductions in LOS, number of images, and lab draws among this limited population. CONCLUSION: The collaborative has resulted in ACS Level II PTC verification in the absence of onsite pediatric surgical specialists. This paradigm may serve to advance the care of injured @entity1 at sites without access to pediatric surgical specialists through a collaborative partnership with an experienced Level I PTC. Further risk adjusted analysis of outcomes will need to be performed in the future. Level IV : Retrospective comparative study.

title: A paradigm for achieving successful pediatric XXXX verification in the absence of pediatric surgical specialists while ensuring quality of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity370 , the T helper type 1 (Th1) response tends to predominate at affected disease sites; however, whether Th1/Th2 polarization occurs in the peripheral circulation is unknown. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity370 and 21 healthy volunteers were investigated. The concentrations of @entity371 ( @entity371 )/ @entity371 and @entity14420 ( @entity14420 )/ @entity14420 in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and culture supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The circulating @entity366 + CD4+ T cells and @entity16952 + CD4+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The @entity366 - or @entity16952 -positive ratios among CD4+ T cells were both higher in @entity370 than in healthy volunteers. The serum levels of both @entity371 and @entity14420 of the @entity1 with @entity370 were significantly higher than those of the healthy volunteers. In @entity1 with @entity370 , a larger amount of @entity371 was generated by the BALF cells, whereas @entity371 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not increase in comparison to the control subjects. The @entity14420 levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity370 @entity1 were significantly higher than those of the controls, while no difference existed between the 2 groups regarding @entity14420 production by BALF cells. CONCLUSION: @entity371 is mainly produced at the lung and @entity14420 in the peripheral circulation in @entity370 @entity1 . Both @entity371 and @entity14420 cooperatively play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity370 .

title: Circulating levels of both Th1 and Th2 chemokines are elevated in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14420 :: ('6361', 'Gene') :: ['TARC', 'CCL17', 'thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine']

entities_list: @entity371 :: ('3627', 'Gene') :: ['IP-10', 'interferon-inducible protein 10', 'CXCL10']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity370 , the T helper type 1 (Th1) response tends to predominate at affected disease sites; however, whether Th1/Th2 polarization occurs in the peripheral circulation is unknown. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity370 and 21 healthy volunteers were investigated. The concentrations of @entity371 ( @entity371 )/ @entity371 and @entity14420 ( @entity14420 )/ @entity14420 in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and culture supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The circulating @entity366 + CD4+ T cells and @entity16952 + CD4+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The @entity366 - or @entity16952 -positive ratios among CD4+ T cells were both higher in @entity370 than in healthy volunteers. The serum levels of both @entity371 and @entity14420 of the @entity1 with @entity370 were significantly higher than those of the healthy volunteers. In @entity1 with @entity370 , a larger amount of @entity371 was generated by the BALF cells, whereas @entity371 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not increase in comparison to the control subjects. The @entity14420 levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity370 @entity1 were significantly higher than those of the controls, while no difference existed between the 2 groups regarding @entity14420 production by BALF cells. CONCLUSION: @entity371 is mainly produced at the lung and @entity14420 in the peripheral circulation in @entity370 @entity1 . Both @entity371 and @entity14420 cooperatively play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity370 .

title: Circulating levels of both Th1 and Th2 chemokines are elevated in XXXX with @entity370 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have investigated eluates derived from commercially available composite resin-based materials used for direct (Tetric Ceram/Ivoclar-Vivadent, Simile/Pentron, Filtek Z-250/3M ESPE) and indirect (Adoro/Ivoclar-Vivadent and Conquest Sculpture/Pentron) dental restorations, with respect to their genotoxic effects on @entity1 peripheral lymphocytes. Primary lymphocyte cultures obtained from blood samples of three healthy donors were exposed to eluates of freshly cured specimens of all the materials tested. Metaphases were induced with phytohaemagglutinin, collected after a 72-h treatment using @entity3812 and stained with the Fluorescence Plus Giemsa (FPG) procedure. Preparations were scored for sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). The proliferation rate index (PRI) and the @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ) were also calculated. Our results show that eluates derived from the three direct composites (Filtek Z-250, Simile and Tetric Ceram) increased the frequencies of SCE and CAs and markedly reduced PRI and @entity6578 . Tetric Ceram's eluate, being the most genotoxic of all eluates tested, increased the frequencies of SCE up to 24.40 per cell (control, 9.87 per cell) and of CAs up to 424 per 100 metaphases scored (control, 5). Moreover, it caused a pronounced decrease of the PRI down to 1.31 (control, 2.44) and of the @entity6578 down to 9.8 per thousand (control, 19.2 per thousand). In contrast, eluates derived from the laboratory-processed composites (Adoro and Conquest Sculpture) induced much less cytogenetic damage. Overall, the degree of genotoxicity and @entity137 decreased as follows: Tetric Ceram>Filtek Z-250>Simile>Adoro=Conquest Sculpture. These results indicate that composite resins used for direct and indirect dental restorations differ extensively in their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and in their ability to affect chromosomal integrity, cell-cycle progression, DNA replication and repair. This underlines the impact of improved polymerization with respect to their biological behavior.

title: Sister-chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations and delays in cell-cycle kinetics in XXXX lymphocytes induced by dental composite resin eluates.

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'mitotic index']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics results in microbial resistance and financially is a healthcare burden. Antibiotic de-escalation refers to starting treatment of a presumed infection with broad-spectrum antibiotics and narrowing drug spectrum based on culture sensitivities. A study was designed to evaluate antibiotic de-escalation at a tertiary care center. We hypothesized that antibiotic de-escalation would not be associated with increased @entity1 mortality rates or worsening of the @entity281 . METHODS: All @entity281 treated in a single, tertiary care Surgical ICU between August 2009 and December 2011 were reviewed. Antibiotic treatment was classified by skilled reviewers as being either de-escalated or not. Outcomes were evaluated. Univariate statistics were performed (Fisher exact test, Chi-square for categorical data; student t-test for continuous variables). Multivariable logistic regression was completed. RESULTS: A total of 2,658 @entity281 were identified. De-escalation was identified for 995 @entity281 and non-deescalation occurred in 1,663. @entity1 were similar in age (de-escalated 55        16   y vs. 56        16, p   =   0.1) and gender (de-escalated 60% males vs. 58%, p   =   0.4). There were substantially greater APACHE II scores in non-deescalated @entity1 (15        8 vs. 14        8, p   =   0.03). A greater mortality rate among @entity1 with @entity281 treated without de-escalation was observed compared with those treated with de-escalation (9% vs. 6%, p   =   0.002). Total antibiotic duration was substantially longer in the de-escalated group (15        13   d vs. 13        13, p   =   0.0001). Multivariable analysis found that de-escalation decreased mortality rates (OR   =   0.69; 95%CI, 0.49-0.97; p   =   0.04) and high APACHE II score independently increased mortality rates (OR   =   1.2; 95%CI, 1.1-1.2; p   =   0.0001). Other parameters included were age and infection site. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic de-escalation was not associated with increased mortality rates, but the duration of antibiotic use was longer in this group. Greater mortality rates were observed in the non-deescalated group, but this likely owes at least in part to their relatively greater severity of disease classification (APACHE II). Further investigation will help evaluate whether antibiotic de-escalation will improve the quality of @entity1 care.

title: De-Escalation of Antibiotics Does Not Increase Mortality in Critically Ill Surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'primary infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: Cardiac and @entity4148 contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 . The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a decline in GFR on @entity551 dipping. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprises 124 @entity1 (46 @entity1 , 78 @entity1 ; age 66  14 years) with CKD 3-5, not on renal replacement therapy. GFR was measured with @entity6111 clearance, HRV with 24-hour Holter ECG and nocturnal dipping with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. RESULTS: The GFR was 22.5  8.5ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) . The main finding was a significant curvilinear association between the 24 hour standard deviation of NN interval (24SDNN) in the HRV analysis and GFR (p=0.01), logGFR (p=0.006), @entity6 (p=0.05) and beta blocker treatment (0.03), respectively. The effect of @entity6 on 24SDNN corresponded to a decline in GFR from 30 to 12 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) . There were significant curvilinear associations between systolic nocturnal dipping (p=0.02) and diastolic nocturnal dipping (p=0.05), respectively, and @entity6 but not with GFR or logGFR. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, cardiac sympathetic overdrive and decreased vagal control appear during CKD 4 and 5. The association with GFR is curvilinear. @entity6 was significantly associated with both @entity299 , as measured by heart rate variability and nocturnal blood pressure dipping, respectively. Knowing that @entity943 , often due to sympathetic @entity2915 , are an important cause of @entity944 in the dialysis population, this study contributes important knowledge on possible intervention thresholds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Relationship between declining GFR and measures of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['vascular autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and vascular autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV) and nocturnal blood pressure']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac and vascular autonomic neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospitalisation for adversity-related injury (violent, drug/ @entity285 -related, or self-inflicted injury) has been described as a "teachable moment", when intervention may reduce risks of further harm. Which adolescents are likely to benefit most from intervention strongly depends on their long-term risks of harm. We compared 10-y risks of mortality and re-admission after adversity-related injury with risks after accident-related injury. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analysed National Health Service admissions data for England (1 April 1997-31 March 2012) for 10-19 y olds with emergency admissions for adversity-related injury (violent, drug/ @entity285 -related, or self-inflicted injury; n = 333,009) or for accident-related injury (n = 649,818). We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and @entity797 regression to estimate and compare 10-y post-discharge risks of @entity204 and emergency re-admission. Among adolescents discharged after adversity-related injury, one in 137 @entity1 and one in 64 @entity1 died within 10 y, and 54.2% of @entity1 and 40.5% of @entity1 had an emergency re-admission, with rates being highest for 18-19 y olds. Risks of @entity204 were higher than in adolescents discharged after accident-related injury ( @entity1 : age-adjusted hazard ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.43-1.82; @entity1 : 2.13, 95% CI 1.98-2.29), as were risks of re-admission ( @entity1 : 1.76, 95% CI 1.74-1.79; @entity1 : 1.41, 95% CI 1.39-1.43). Risks of @entity204 and re-admission were increased after all combinations of violent, drug/ @entity285 -related, and self-inflicted injury, but particularly after any drug/ @entity285 -related or self-inflicted injury (i.e., with/without @entity130 ), for which age-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity204 in @entity1 ranged from 1.67 to 5.35, compared with 1.25 following @entity130 alone ( @entity1 : 1.09 to 3.25, compared with 1.27). The main limitation of the study was under-recording of adversity-related injuries and misclassification of these cases as accident-related injuries. This misclassification would attenuate the relative risks of @entity204 and re-admission for adversity-related compared with accident-related injury. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents discharged after an admission for violent, drug/ @entity285 -related, or self-inflicted injury have increased risks of subsequent harm up to a decade later. Introduction of preventive strategies for reducing subsequent harm after admission should be considered for all types of adversity-related injury, particularly for older adolescents.

title: 10-y Risks of Death and Emergency Re-admission in Adolescents Hospitalised with Violent, Drug- or XXXX -Related, or Self-Inflicted Injury: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['violent injury']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During @entity1 meiotic prophase I, surveillance mechanisms exist to ensure that germ cells with defective synapsis or recombination are eliminated, thereby preventing the generation of aneuploid gametes and embryos. Meiosis in females is more error-prone than in males, and this is in part because the prophase I surveillance mechanisms are less efficient in females. A mechanistic understanding of this sexual dimorphism is currently lacking. In both sexes, asynapsed chromosomes are transcriptionally inactivated by @entity15126 -dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AFX. This process, termed meiotic silencing, has been proposed to perform an important prophase I surveillance role. While the transcriptional effects of meiotic silencing at individual genes are well described in the male germ line, analogous studies in the female germ line have not been performed. Here we apply single- and multigene RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) to oocytes from chromosomally abnormal @entity19 models to uncover potential sex differences in the silencing response. Notably, we find that meiotic silencing in females is less efficient than in males. Within individual oocytes, genes located on the same asynapsed chromosome are silenced to differing extents, thereby generating mosaicism in gene expression profiles across oocyte populations. Analysis of sex-reversed @entity15776 female @entity19 reveals that the sexual dimorphism in silencing is determined by gonadal sex rather than sex chromosome constitution. We propose that sex differences in meiotic silencing impact on the sexually dimorphic prophase I response to asynapsis.

title: XXXX meiotic silencing exhibits sexually dimorphic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in @entity1 with incidentally discovered @entity774 is limited. However, image-guided biopsy continues to be performed in this setting, in some cases before biochemical workup. The purpose of this study was to review the value of FNA biopsy of @entity774 in @entity1 referred to a large university endocrine surgical practice. METHODS: @entity1 referred to the endocrine surgery service at our institutions from 1997 through 2006 for evaluation of an adrenal mass were identified and those who underwent needle biopsy were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 347 @entity1 evaluated for @entity774 , 22 (6.3%) had undergone needle biopsy before referral. Clinical presentations were @entity700 (n = 15), suspected @entity3 (n = 4), and symptomatic large mass (n = 3). In 10 cases, a radiology report had either suggested a biopsy or stated that the mass was "amenable" to biopsy. In the 15 @entity1 with @entity700 , 12 (80%) had nondiagnostic biopsy results and 2 showed @entity1911 . Biopsies were diagnostic in 2 of 4 @entity1 with suspected @entity3 and in 1 of 3 @entity1 with a large symptomatic mass. There were 3 biopsy-related complications: 1 liver @entity1410 , 1 hemothorax, and 1 duodenal @entity1410 . No biochemical testing for @entity1911 was performed before biopsy in 10 @entity1 , 5 of whom were ultimately diagnosed with @entity1911 . Biopsy results did not alter clinical management in any of the 22 @entity1 in this study. CONCLUSIONS: FNA biopsy is not useful in the diagnostic workup of @entity1 with incidentally discovered @entity774 and rarely alters management in @entity1 with resectable adrenal metastases and primary @entity5 . Furthermore, biopsy in this setting can also be potentially hazardous. Language that suggests biopsy of @entity774 should be avoided in radiology reports.

title: Needle biopsy of incidentally discovered XXXX is rarely informative and potentially hazardous.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['incidentaloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal masses']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal masses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acetabular reconstruction in adults with Hartofilakidis type @entity572 is a major technical challenge. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate hip function and radiographic outcomes regarding high hip center at midterm follow-up. METHODS: From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009, 37 @entity1 who had Hartofilakidis type @entity572 underwent a primary total hip arthroplasty using a high hip center technique. Functional, radiographic, and survivorship outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 37 @entity1 , 31 @entity1 (83.8%) were available for the mean follow-up of 6.1 years (range, 1.5-7.6 years). Thirty-one cementless cups were located at an average vertical distance of 38.1    3.3 mm and at a mean horizontal distance of 35.5    3.4 mm. The mean ratio of the height of the hip center was 2.4% (range, 2.0%-2.9%). The Harris Hip Scores were improved from 50.3 points (range, 38-63 points) preoperatively to 92.3 points (range, 85-100 points) at the final follow-up (P < .001). Four @entity1 continued to present with Trendelenburg gait pattern at the last follow-up. With use of revision for any reason and aseptic loosening as the end point, the 5-year survival rates were 90.3% (95% CI, 79.9%-100%) and 93.3% (95% CI, 84.3%-100%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The high hip center technique in conjunction with a cementless acetabular component seems to be a valuable alternative to achieve satisfactory midterm outcomes for Hartofilakidis type @entity572 .

title: Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty With a High Hip Center for Hartofilakidis Type XXXX : Results of Midterm Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['B developmental dysplasia of the hip']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['B Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) consists of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), which can be further divided into superficial and deep @entity1386 . Despite being a key factor in the development of @entity65 , what predicts future amount of AAT is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term predictors of amount of AAT. METHODS: This was a mean 18-year follow-up study of a cohort of 94 healthy young Caucasian @entity1 , with and without a @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Cardiovascular risk markers were examined both at baseline and at follow-up. At follow-up, computed tomography (CT) of AAT was conducted to assess amount of superficial and deep @entity1386 , and @entity1386 . RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses, baseline body mass index (BMI) remained a positive predictor of future amount of superficial and deep @entity1386 , while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 was a negative predictor of all three sub-compartments. Baseline risk markers were generally stronger predictors among @entity1 with @entity6 , than among @entity1 without. In addition, @entity6 had greater impact on amount of deep @entity1386 and @entity1386 , than on amount of superficial @entity1386 . CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the traditional cardiovascular risk markers BMI, HDL @entity165 and @entity6 are long-term predictors of the different abdominal adipose tissue compartments from young towards middle age in healthy @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity6 , cardiovascular risk markers at a young age seem to be of greater importance to future amount of abdominal adipose tissue, than among @entity1 without.

title: Predictors of abdominal adipose tissue compartments: 18-year follow-up of young @entity1 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['FHD', 'family history of diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['family history of diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) consists of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), which can be further divided into superficial and deep @entity1386 . Despite being a key factor in the development of @entity65 , what predicts future amount of AAT is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term predictors of amount of AAT. METHODS: This was a mean 18-year follow-up study of a cohort of 94 healthy young Caucasian @entity1 , with and without a @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Cardiovascular risk markers were examined both at baseline and at follow-up. At follow-up, computed tomography (CT) of AAT was conducted to assess amount of superficial and deep @entity1386 , and @entity1386 . RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses, baseline body mass index (BMI) remained a positive predictor of future amount of superficial and deep @entity1386 , while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 was a negative predictor of all three sub-compartments. Baseline risk markers were generally stronger predictors among @entity1 with @entity6 , than among @entity1 without. In addition, @entity6 had greater impact on amount of deep @entity1386 and @entity1386 , than on amount of superficial @entity1386 . CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the traditional cardiovascular risk markers BMI, HDL @entity165 and @entity6 are long-term predictors of the different abdominal adipose tissue compartments from young towards middle age in healthy @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity6 , cardiovascular risk markers at a young age seem to be of greater importance to future amount of abdominal adipose tissue, than among @entity1 without.

title: Predictors of abdominal adipose tissue compartments: 18-year follow-up of young XXXX with and without @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available from large population-based studies on survival and renal outcome of @entity1 with renal involvement and different types of @entity1582 . METHODS: Two hundred and ninety of over 373 @entity1 affected from @entity1582 with renal involvement diagnosed in Italy between January 1995 and December 2000 were followed from diagnosis to @entity204 or until the last available clinical control. Eighty-three @entity1 were excluded from analysis either because the amyloid type remained undetermined or they were lost at follow-up. Clinical and laboratory information was collected according to the different types of @entity2783 using a specific form which included renal function with 24 h @entity644 at diagnosis and at the end of follow-up, the type and the date of onset of dialysis and the kind of treatment they underwent. RESULTS: The median time of follow-up was 24 months in primary ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 (range: 1-88 months), 16 months in @entity1582 with associated @entity1582 (MM + @entity1582 : range 1-76 months), 30 months in reactive ( @entity5066 ) @entity2783 (range: 1-99 months) and 52 months in @entity1 with familial forms (AF: range 14-82 months). @entity1 with @entity1582 showed a significantly shorter survival than @entity5066 . Despite no significant differences of renal outcome or survival on dialysis being observed between the two groups, a lower renal survival with a higher number of @entity1 who progressed to @entity454 ( @entity454 ) was observed in @entity1 with @entity5066 . Overall survival was markedly improved in @entity1 with @entity1582 who underwent a specific therapy (conventional chemotherapy or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)) even in the absence of a positive kidney response. Multivariate analysis showed cardiac involvement and specific therapy to significantly influence survival in @entity1582 whereas age, serum @entity1011 (sCr) and heart involvement significantly affected survival in @entity5066 . In both groups, sCr and heart involvement were the most relevant predictors for renal outcome, together with urinary protein excretion, in @entity1 with @entity5066 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a worse survival in @entity1582 due to the higher prevalence of heart involvement in this group and emphasize that a specific therapy significantly prolongs survival and slows the progression of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity1582 . We suggest that a late nephrological referral is likely the cause of the higher sCr found at presentation in @entity1 with @entity5066 and probably accounts for the lower renal survival observed in the short term in these @entity1 . At the time being, renal transplantation and ASCT are still rare therapeutic options for renal @entity1 affected from @entity1582 .

title: Renal involvement in XXXX : an Italian collaborative study on survival and renal outcome.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'multiple myeloma', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['systemic amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Approximately 20% of @entity1 have persistent symptoms of @entity354 despite @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of @entity354 in @entity1 on PPI therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 20 @entity1 with typical @entity354 ( @entity338 ) despite double-dose PPIs (twice daily) were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 h pH-impedance studies were performed in all @entity1 . The characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity2749 were compared. Symptoms were considered globally and separately for @entity338 . RESULTS: A total of 1273 @entity2749 were detected including 243 (19.1%) acidic, 1018 (80.0%) weakly acidic and 12 (0.9%) weakly alkaline @entity2749 . Overall, 312 (24.5%) @entity2749 were symptomatic. The only factor associated with @entity354 was high proximal extent (p = 0.037). Compared with regurgitation, @entity2749 associated with heartburn were more frequently pure liquid (p = 0.009) and acidic (p = 0.027), had a lower nadir pH (p<0.001), were more frequently preceded by acid @entity2749 (p<0.001) and had a longer reflux bolus clearance time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High proximal extent of the refluxate is the only factor associated with @entity354 in @entity1 on double-dose PPI. However, compared with regurgitation, composition of the refluxate, sensitisation of the oesophagus by preceding acid exposure and delayed bolus clearance appear to play a role in heartburn perception.

title: XXXX in @entity1 with persistent symptoms despite @entity7080 inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['reflux episodes']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['heartburn and/or regurgitation', 'heartburn and regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux', 'reflux perception']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Determinants of gastro-oesophageal reflux perception']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Approximately 20% of @entity1 have persistent symptoms of @entity354 despite @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of @entity354 in @entity1 on PPI therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 20 @entity1 with typical @entity354 ( @entity338 ) despite double-dose PPIs (twice daily) were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 h pH-impedance studies were performed in all @entity1 . The characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity2749 were compared. Symptoms were considered globally and separately for @entity338 . RESULTS: A total of 1273 @entity2749 were detected including 243 (19.1%) acidic, 1018 (80.0%) weakly acidic and 12 (0.9%) weakly alkaline @entity2749 . Overall, 312 (24.5%) @entity2749 were symptomatic. The only factor associated with @entity354 was high proximal extent (p = 0.037). Compared with regurgitation, @entity2749 associated with heartburn were more frequently pure liquid (p = 0.009) and acidic (p = 0.027), had a lower nadir pH (p<0.001), were more frequently preceded by acid @entity2749 (p<0.001) and had a longer reflux bolus clearance time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High proximal extent of the refluxate is the only factor associated with @entity354 in @entity1 on double-dose PPI. However, compared with regurgitation, composition of the refluxate, sensitisation of the oesophagus by preceding acid exposure and delayed bolus clearance appear to play a role in heartburn perception.

title: @entity354 in @entity1 with persistent symptoms despite XXXX inhibitors.

answer: @entity7080 :: (495,Gene) :: ['proton pump']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Approximately 20% of @entity1 have persistent symptoms of @entity354 despite @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of @entity354 in @entity1 on PPI therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 20 @entity1 with typical @entity354 ( @entity338 ) despite double-dose PPIs (twice daily) were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 h pH-impedance studies were performed in all @entity1 . The characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity2749 were compared. Symptoms were considered globally and separately for @entity338 . RESULTS: A total of 1273 @entity2749 were detected including 243 (19.1%) acidic, 1018 (80.0%) weakly acidic and 12 (0.9%) weakly alkaline @entity2749 . Overall, 312 (24.5%) @entity2749 were symptomatic. The only factor associated with @entity354 was high proximal extent (p = 0.037). Compared with regurgitation, @entity2749 associated with heartburn were more frequently pure liquid (p = 0.009) and acidic (p = 0.027), had a lower nadir pH (p<0.001), were more frequently preceded by acid @entity2749 (p<0.001) and had a longer reflux bolus clearance time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High proximal extent of the refluxate is the only factor associated with @entity354 in @entity1 on double-dose PPI. However, compared with regurgitation, composition of the refluxate, sensitisation of the oesophagus by preceding acid exposure and delayed bolus clearance appear to play a role in heartburn perception.

title: @entity354 in XXXX with persistent symptoms despite @entity7080 inhibitors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Low expression of Fas by different @entity5 including @entity421 , correlates with poor prognosis. We found that @entity358 @entity3 from @entity1 expressed negligible amounts of Fas, but primary @entity5 often expressed high Fas levels. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown. We hypothesized that because @entity9699 is constitutively expressed in the lungs, Fas-positive (Fas(+)) @entity5 cells entering the lungs would bind with @entity9699 and die from Fas-induced apoptosis, resulting in the "selection" of Fas-negative (Fas(-)) cells, which would eventually form @entity3 . To test this hypothesis, we injected @entity421 cells, which express functional Fas in vitro, into @entity19 and confirmed that its @entity3478 were Fas(+), but lung @entity3 were Fas(-). Next, to inhibit Fas signaling without affecting Fas expression, we transfected these cells with a @entity51424 -dominant negative (FDN) plasmid and developed K7/FDN cells. @entity3 formed by K7/FDN cells contained Fas(+) @entity5 cells. Moreover, K7/FDN cells were retained in the lungs longer and formed more lung @entity3 than K7 cells. In addition, the incidence of lung @entity3 in @entity9699 -deficient @entity19 injected with K7 cells was higher than that in wild-type @entity19 . @entity3 from @entity9699 -deficient @entity19 but not from wild-type @entity19 contained Fas(+) @entity5 cells. Based on that, we conclude that Fas(-) @entity421 cells are selected during lung @entity3 formation and that inhibition of Fas signaling in @entity5 or lack of @entity9699 in the host environment allows the proliferation of Fas(+) @entity421 cells in the lungs and promotes @entity3 growth. Therefore, Fas may be considered as a new therapeutic target for @entity421 treatment.

title: Fas-negative @entity421 cells are selected during metastasis to the lungs: the role of the Fas pathway in the metastatic process of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['K7 osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma lung']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Low expression of Fas by different @entity5 including @entity421 , correlates with poor prognosis. We found that @entity358 @entity3 from @entity1 expressed negligible amounts of Fas, but primary @entity5 often expressed high Fas levels. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown. We hypothesized that because @entity9699 is constitutively expressed in the lungs, Fas-positive (Fas(+)) @entity5 cells entering the lungs would bind with @entity9699 and die from Fas-induced apoptosis, resulting in the "selection" of Fas-negative (Fas(-)) cells, which would eventually form @entity3 . To test this hypothesis, we injected @entity421 cells, which express functional Fas in vitro, into @entity19 and confirmed that its @entity3478 were Fas(+), but lung @entity3 were Fas(-). Next, to inhibit Fas signaling without affecting Fas expression, we transfected these cells with a @entity51424 -dominant negative (FDN) plasmid and developed K7/FDN cells. @entity3 formed by K7/FDN cells contained Fas(+) @entity5 cells. Moreover, K7/FDN cells were retained in the lungs longer and formed more lung @entity3 than K7 cells. In addition, the incidence of lung @entity3 in @entity9699 -deficient @entity19 injected with K7 cells was higher than that in wild-type @entity19 . @entity3 from @entity9699 -deficient @entity19 but not from wild-type @entity19 contained Fas(+) @entity5 cells. Based on that, we conclude that Fas(-) @entity421 cells are selected during lung @entity3 formation and that inhibition of Fas signaling in @entity5 or lack of @entity9699 in the host environment allows the proliferation of Fas(+) @entity421 cells in the lungs and promotes @entity3 growth. Therefore, Fas may be considered as a new therapeutic target for @entity421 treatment.

title: Fas-negative XXXX cells are selected during metastasis to the lungs: the role of the Fas pathway in the metastatic process of @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous @entity1757 (pmVSD) has become an accepted alternative to surgical closure in selected cases. However, closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity439 is more challenging. We report our experience of device closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity439 . METHODS: Between 2008 and 2012, percutaneous closure of pmVSD associated with septal @entity439 was attempted in 11 adult @entity1 in our institution. The @entity1 were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Mean age of the @entity1 (64% male, 36% female) was 36.2  1.3 years. Diameter of the left and right ventricular openings of the @entity439 measured by ventriculography was 13.5  5.6 mm and 5.9  2.2 mm, respectively. The defect was occluded with Amplatzer pmVSD Occluder in 4 @entity1 , Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder in 4 @entity1 , Amplatzer Duct Occluder I in 1 @entity1 , and Amplatzer Duct Occluder II in 2 @entity1 (AGA Medical Corp., Plymouth, MN, USA). The procedure was succesfull in all @entity1 . Mean follow-up time was 22  1.9 months. There was no device- or procedure-related complications at the acute setting or mid-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure of pmVSDs associated with @entity439 is more challenging than that of simple defects. The selection of the device type and size should be made according to the configuration and size of the @entity439 and defect.

title: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous @entity1757 associated with septal XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous @entity1757 (pmVSD) has become an accepted alternative to surgical closure in selected cases. However, closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity439 is more challenging. We report our experience of device closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity439 . METHODS: Between 2008 and 2012, percutaneous closure of pmVSD associated with septal @entity439 was attempted in 11 adult @entity1 in our institution. The @entity1 were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Mean age of the @entity1 (64% male, 36% female) was 36.2  1.3 years. Diameter of the left and right ventricular openings of the @entity439 measured by ventriculography was 13.5  5.6 mm and 5.9  2.2 mm, respectively. The defect was occluded with Amplatzer pmVSD Occluder in 4 @entity1 , Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder in 4 @entity1 , Amplatzer Duct Occluder I in 1 @entity1 , and Amplatzer Duct Occluder II in 2 @entity1 (AGA Medical Corp., Plymouth, MN, USA). The procedure was succesfull in all @entity1 . Mean follow-up time was 22  1.9 months. There was no device- or procedure-related complications at the acute setting or mid-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure of pmVSDs associated with @entity439 is more challenging than that of simple defects. The selection of the device type and size should be made according to the configuration and size of the @entity439 and defect.

title: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous XXXX associated with septal @entity439 in adults.

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Tankyrase (TANKS) regulates telomerase-mediated telomere elongation and plays an important role in cellular senescence and immortalization. This study was to determine the effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide (asTANKS) combined @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide (ashTERT) on telomere dynamics in @entity1 @entity2220 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were transfected with ashTERT, asTANKS, ashTERT combined asTANKS, and @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase sense oligonucleotide (shTERT), tankyrase sense oligonucleotide (sTANKS), or blank vector as control. The expression of @entity2215 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Telomerase activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-PCR (ELISA-PCR). Tankyrase activity was detected by Western blot. Telomere length was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Cell proliferation was measured by population doubling test. RESULTS: The mRNA level and telomerase activity of @entity2215 in A549 cells were strongly suppressed by ashTERT, but not by asTANKS; while tankyrase activity was significantly inhibited by asTANKS, not by ashTERT. Telomere length was significantly shorter in the cells treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS than in the cells treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(3.55+/-0.08) kb vs. (7.59+/-0.07) kb and (7.33+/-0.09) kb, t = 37.33, t = 32.50, P < 0.001]. The generational activity of the A549 cells continuously treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS was significantly weaker than those treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(24.53+/-0.40) @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ) vs. (56.92+/-0.46) @entity14485 and (53.33+/-0.57) @entity14485 , t = 53.38, t = 43.39, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ashTERT and asTANKS can enhance the efficacy of telomere @entity3207 and hasten @entity5 cellular crisis. Tankyrase might be a potential target of telomere-based molecular @entity5 therapy.

title: [Effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide combined @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide on telomere dynamics in @entity1 XXXX A549 cells].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'early tumor']

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'population double times']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Tankyrase (TANKS) regulates telomerase-mediated telomere elongation and plays an important role in cellular senescence and immortalization. This study was to determine the effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide (asTANKS) combined @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide (ashTERT) on telomere dynamics in @entity1 @entity2220 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were transfected with ashTERT, asTANKS, ashTERT combined asTANKS, and @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase sense oligonucleotide (shTERT), tankyrase sense oligonucleotide (sTANKS), or blank vector as control. The expression of @entity2215 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Telomerase activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-PCR (ELISA-PCR). Tankyrase activity was detected by Western blot. Telomere length was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Cell proliferation was measured by population doubling test. RESULTS: The mRNA level and telomerase activity of @entity2215 in A549 cells were strongly suppressed by ashTERT, but not by asTANKS; while tankyrase activity was significantly inhibited by asTANKS, not by ashTERT. Telomere length was significantly shorter in the cells treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS than in the cells treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(3.55+/-0.08) kb vs. (7.59+/-0.07) kb and (7.33+/-0.09) kb, t = 37.33, t = 32.50, P < 0.001]. The generational activity of the A549 cells continuously treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS was significantly weaker than those treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(24.53+/-0.40) @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ) vs. (56.92+/-0.46) @entity14485 and (53.33+/-0.57) @entity14485 , t = 53.38, t = 43.39, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ashTERT and asTANKS can enhance the efficacy of telomere @entity3207 and hasten @entity5 cellular crisis. Tankyrase might be a potential target of telomere-based molecular @entity5 therapy.

title: [Effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide combined XXXX telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide on telomere dynamics in @entity1 @entity2220 A549 cells].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Tankyrase (TANKS) regulates telomerase-mediated telomere elongation and plays an important role in cellular senescence and immortalization. This study was to determine the effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide (asTANKS) combined @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide (ashTERT) on telomere dynamics in @entity1 @entity2220 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were transfected with ashTERT, asTANKS, ashTERT combined asTANKS, and @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase sense oligonucleotide (shTERT), tankyrase sense oligonucleotide (sTANKS), or blank vector as control. The expression of @entity2215 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Telomerase activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-PCR (ELISA-PCR). Tankyrase activity was detected by Western blot. Telomere length was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Cell proliferation was measured by population doubling test. RESULTS: The mRNA level and telomerase activity of @entity2215 in A549 cells were strongly suppressed by ashTERT, but not by asTANKS; while tankyrase activity was significantly inhibited by asTANKS, not by ashTERT. Telomere length was significantly shorter in the cells treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS than in the cells treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(3.55+/-0.08) kb vs. (7.59+/-0.07) kb and (7.33+/-0.09) kb, t = 37.33, t = 32.50, P < 0.001]. The generational activity of the A549 cells continuously treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS was significantly weaker than those treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(24.53+/-0.40) @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ) vs. (56.92+/-0.46) @entity14485 and (53.33+/-0.57) @entity14485 , t = 53.38, t = 43.39, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ashTERT and asTANKS can enhance the efficacy of telomere @entity3207 and hasten @entity5 cellular crisis. Tankyrase might be a potential target of telomere-based molecular @entity5 therapy.

title: [Effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide combined @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide on telomere dynamics in XXXX @entity2220 A549 cells].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: b-Blocking agents reduce @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity299 , but their potential benefit in dialysis @entity1 is unclear. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a @entity23 ( @entity23 ). STUDY DESIGN: Pilot @entity23 . SETTING _ @entity1 : @entity1 who received dialysis for 3 or more months and were 50 years or older (or  >= 18 years with @entity6 or @entity65 ) were recruited from 11 sites in Australia and New Zealand. We aimed to recruit 150 @entity1 . INTERVENTION: After a 6-week run-in with the b-blocker @entity1405 , we randomly assigned @entity1 to treatment with @entity1405 or placebo for 12 months. OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: The prespecified primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 who tolerated @entity1405 , 6.25mg, twice daily during the run-in period. After randomization, we report @entity1 withdrawal and the incidence of @entity551 ( @entity551 ). RESULTS: Of 1,443 @entity1 screened, 354 were eligible, 91 consented, and 72 entered the run-in stage. 49 of 72 run-in @entity1 (68%; 95% CI, 57%-79%) achieved the primary outcome. 5 of the 23 withdrawals from run-in were attributable to @entity1168 or @entity551 . After randomization, 10 of 26 allocated to @entity1405 and 4 of 23 allocated to placebo withdrew. 4 @entity1 randomly assigned to @entity1405 withdrew because of @entity1168 or @entity551 . Overall, there were 4 @entity551 events per 100 hemodialysis sessions; in @entity1 allocated to @entity1405 versus placebo, respectively, there were 7 versus 2 @entity551 events per 100 hemodialysis sessions (P=0.1) in the 2 weeks immediately following a dose increase and 4 versus 3 @entity551 events per 100 hemodialysis sessions after no dose increase (P=0.7). LIMITATIONS: Unable to recruit planned sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Recruiting @entity1 receiving dialysis to an @entity23 of b-blocker versus placebo will prove challenging. Possible solutions include international collaboration and exploring novel trial designs such as a registry-based @entity23 .

title: The b-Blocker to Lower XXXX Events (BLOCADE) Feasibility Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intradialytic hypotension', 'IDH', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Dialysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the magnetic susceptibility of @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) at various stages by applying @entity6228 ( @entity6228 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood susceptibility was measured serially using @entity6228 after venous blood withdrawal from healthy subjects. Forty-two @entity1 who provided written consent were recruited in this Institutional Review Board-approved study. Gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of the 42 @entity1 (17 females; 64        12 years) with @entity1779 were processed with @entity6228 . The susceptibilities of various blood products within @entity1410 were measured on @entity6228 . RESULTS: Blood susceptibility continually increased and reached a plateau 96 hours after venous blood withdrawal. @entity1410 at all stages were consistently hyperintense on @entity6228 . Susceptibility was 0.57        0.48, 1.30        0.33, 1.14        0.46, 0.40        0.13, and 0.71        0.31   ppm for hyperacute, acute, early subacute, late subacute, and chronic stages of @entity1410 , respectively. The susceptibility decrease from early subacute (1.14   ppm) to late subacute (0.4   ppm) was significant (P   <   0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity6228 reveals positive susceptibility in hyperacute @entity1410 , indicating that even at their hyperacute stage, deoxyhemoglobin may exist throughout the @entity1410 volume, not just at its rim, as seen on conventional T2* imaging. @entity6228 also reveals a reduction of susceptibility from early subacute to late subacute @entity1779 , suggesting that @entity3961 concentration decreases at the late subacute stage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of XXXX at Various Stages.

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma', 'Hematomas']

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ['QSM', 'quantitative susceptibility mapping']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhages']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral Hemorrhages']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the prognostic factors for progression and disease-specific survival in @entity1 with Stage T1 @entity150 to identify subgroups with different prognoses. METHODS: All 121 @entity1 with Stage T1 @entity150 at first diagnosis in 1987 to 1988 in a large region were prospectively registered. The histopathologic material and the clinical records were reviewed. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinical and pathologic factors of potential significance for the time to progression and disease-specific survival. At the end of the study, only 18 @entity1 (15%) were alive and had been followed up for a median of 15 years. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, vascular invasion, @entity5 pattern, deep invasion, grade 3 disease, and @entity189 in situ were associated with an increased risk of progression. The multivariate analysis showed that only vascular invasion and @entity5 pattern had independent prognostic value for progression. Vascular invasion and a @entity5 pattern also had independent prognostic value for disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who have Stage T1 @entity150 with a @entity5 pattern and/or vascular invasion have a very poor prognosis when treated with transurethral resection only. It is unknown whether intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin treatment can improve the poor prognosis in such cases.

title: Prognostic factors in stage T1 XXXX : @entity5 pattern (solid or papillary) and vascular invasion more important than depth of invasion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumor']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the prognostic factors for progression and disease-specific survival in @entity1 with Stage T1 @entity150 to identify subgroups with different prognoses. METHODS: All 121 @entity1 with Stage T1 @entity150 at first diagnosis in 1987 to 1988 in a large region were prospectively registered. The histopathologic material and the clinical records were reviewed. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinical and pathologic factors of potential significance for the time to progression and disease-specific survival. At the end of the study, only 18 @entity1 (15%) were alive and had been followed up for a median of 15 years. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, vascular invasion, @entity5 pattern, deep invasion, grade 3 disease, and @entity189 in situ were associated with an increased risk of progression. The multivariate analysis showed that only vascular invasion and @entity5 pattern had independent prognostic value for progression. Vascular invasion and a @entity5 pattern also had independent prognostic value for disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who have Stage T1 @entity150 with a @entity5 pattern and/or vascular invasion have a very poor prognosis when treated with transurethral resection only. It is unknown whether intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin treatment can improve the poor prognosis in such cases.

title: Prognostic factors in stage T1 @entity150 : XXXX pattern (solid or papillary) and vascular invasion more important than depth of invasion.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The comorbidity of @entity734 ( @entity734 ), @entity308 , and @entity1005 is common among veterans. Prior research has shown that among veterans with @entity734 and @entity308 , those with @entity1005 did not maintain @entity73 as well as those without @entity1005 . Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate whether adding @entity130 -focused treatment following an initial group-based @entity73 ( @entity73 ) for @entity734 and @entity308 improved treatment outcomes. @entity1 were 123 veterans (89% male) recruited from the VA San Diego Healthcare System. All @entity1 received @entity73 in twice weekly, group-delivered sessions for 12 weeks (Phase 1). @entity1 were then randomized to receive 12 sessions of individual follow-up sessions (Phase 2) utilizing either @entity73 or cognitive processing therapy that was modified to integrate @entity734 treatment ( @entity1191 -M). Results indicated that @entity1005 and @entity308 symptoms slightly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity73 and further improved through Phase 2 individual treatment (except for @entity1 without @entity1005 who received @entity1191 -M), with treatment gains maintained one year later. Substance use significantly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity73 and these improvements were maintained through Phase 2 and the one year follow-up. @entity1 in the @entity130 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity1191 -M) exhibited similar levels of symptom reduction and maintenance of treatment gains as those in the non- @entity130 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity73 ). However, there was a slight advantage for Phase 2 @entity1191 -M over Phase 2 @entity73 with respect to heavy drinking outcomes for individuals with @entity1005 . Overall, the combination of group @entity73 followed by either @entity1191 -M or @entity73 individual therapy appears to be effective for veterans with @entity308 , @entity734 , and @entity130 history.

title: Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Cognitive Processing Therapy for Adults With XXXX , Substance use Disorder, and @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['integrated cognitive behavioral treatment', 'cognitive-behavioral treatment gains', 'ICBT']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'SUD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The comorbidity of @entity734 ( @entity734 ), @entity308 , and @entity1005 is common among veterans. Prior research has shown that among veterans with @entity734 and @entity308 , those with @entity1005 did not maintain @entity73 as well as those without @entity1005 . Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate whether adding @entity130 -focused treatment following an initial group-based @entity73 ( @entity73 ) for @entity734 and @entity308 improved treatment outcomes. @entity1 were 123 veterans (89% male) recruited from the VA San Diego Healthcare System. All @entity1 received @entity73 in twice weekly, group-delivered sessions for 12 weeks (Phase 1). @entity1 were then randomized to receive 12 sessions of individual follow-up sessions (Phase 2) utilizing either @entity73 or cognitive processing therapy that was modified to integrate @entity734 treatment ( @entity1191 -M). Results indicated that @entity1005 and @entity308 symptoms slightly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity73 and further improved through Phase 2 individual treatment (except for @entity1 without @entity1005 who received @entity1191 -M), with treatment gains maintained one year later. Substance use significantly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity73 and these improvements were maintained through Phase 2 and the one year follow-up. @entity1 in the @entity130 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity1191 -M) exhibited similar levels of symptom reduction and maintenance of treatment gains as those in the non- @entity130 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity73 ). However, there was a slight advantage for Phase 2 @entity1191 -M over Phase 2 @entity73 with respect to heavy drinking outcomes for individuals with @entity1005 . Overall, the combination of group @entity73 followed by either @entity1191 -M or @entity73 individual therapy appears to be effective for veterans with @entity308 , @entity734 , and @entity130 history.

title: Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Cognitive Processing Therapy for Adults With @entity308 , Substance use Disorder, and XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress increases in @entity1 with @entity454 and exaggerates the related comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with decaffeinated green tea extract ( @entity23382 ) on hemodialysis-induced reactive @entity26 species, @entity731 risk factors, and proinflammatory cytokines. DESIGN: We enrolled 6 healthy subjects and 54 hemodialysis @entity1 for the study. First, the pharmacokinetics of one oral dose of @entity23382 was compared between healthy subjects (n = 6) and hemodialysis @entity1 (n = 10). Second, in the 10 hemodialysis @entity1 , we compared the antioxidant effects of 3 different doses (0, 455, and 910 mg) of oral @entity23382 with that of oral @entity620 (500 mg) during a hemodialysis session. Third, the other 44 hemodialysis @entity1 participated in a 7-mo interventional study, in which 30 @entity1 received placebo throughout and 14 @entity1 received @entity23382 (455 mg/d) from the third to the fifth month. RESULTS: After one oral dose, the hemodialysis @entity1 (n = 10) had later peaks and slower decay of plasma @entity23382 than did the healthy subjects. In the 10 hemodialysis @entity1 , @entity12919 supplementation reduced hemodialysis-enhanced plasma @entity9784 activity more effectively than did placebo or @entity620 . Between treatments with 455 or 910 mg @entity23382 , no significant difference was found in the reduction of plasma @entity9784 activity. @entity23382 also significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression enhanced by hemodialysis. In the 7-mo interventional study, the 14 @entity1 who received daily supplementation of @entity23382 for 3 mo had less predialysis plasma @entity273 activity, lower @entity9784 activity, and lower @entity9482 , @entity1851 , and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations than did the 30 hemodialysis @entity1 who received placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity23382 reduce hemodialysis-induced production of @entity273 and @entity9784 , @entity731 risk factors, and proinflammation.

title: Chronic green tea extract supplementation reduces hemodialysis-enhanced production of XXXX and @entity9784 , @entity731 factors, and proinflammatory cytokines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['Catechins', 'catechins']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity9482 :: ('MESH:C057590', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress increases in @entity1 with @entity454 and exaggerates the related comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with decaffeinated green tea extract ( @entity23382 ) on hemodialysis-induced reactive @entity26 species, @entity731 risk factors, and proinflammatory cytokines. DESIGN: We enrolled 6 healthy subjects and 54 hemodialysis @entity1 for the study. First, the pharmacokinetics of one oral dose of @entity23382 was compared between healthy subjects (n = 6) and hemodialysis @entity1 (n = 10). Second, in the 10 hemodialysis @entity1 , we compared the antioxidant effects of 3 different doses (0, 455, and 910 mg) of oral @entity23382 with that of oral @entity620 (500 mg) during a hemodialysis session. Third, the other 44 hemodialysis @entity1 participated in a 7-mo interventional study, in which 30 @entity1 received placebo throughout and 14 @entity1 received @entity23382 (455 mg/d) from the third to the fifth month. RESULTS: After one oral dose, the hemodialysis @entity1 (n = 10) had later peaks and slower decay of plasma @entity23382 than did the healthy subjects. In the 10 hemodialysis @entity1 , @entity12919 supplementation reduced hemodialysis-enhanced plasma @entity9784 activity more effectively than did placebo or @entity620 . Between treatments with 455 or 910 mg @entity23382 , no significant difference was found in the reduction of plasma @entity9784 activity. @entity23382 also significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression enhanced by hemodialysis. In the 7-mo interventional study, the 14 @entity1 who received daily supplementation of @entity23382 for 3 mo had less predialysis plasma @entity273 activity, lower @entity9784 activity, and lower @entity9482 , @entity1851 , and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations than did the 30 hemodialysis @entity1 who received placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity23382 reduce hemodialysis-induced production of @entity273 and @entity9784 , @entity731 risk factors, and proinflammation.

title: Chronic green tea extract supplementation reduces hemodialysis-enhanced production of @entity273 and XXXX , @entity731 factors, and proinflammatory cytokines.

answer: @entity9784 :: (MESH:D006997,Chemical) :: ['hypochlorous acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress increases in @entity1 with @entity454 and exaggerates the related comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with decaffeinated green tea extract ( @entity23382 ) on hemodialysis-induced reactive @entity26 species, @entity731 risk factors, and proinflammatory cytokines. DESIGN: We enrolled 6 healthy subjects and 54 hemodialysis @entity1 for the study. First, the pharmacokinetics of one oral dose of @entity23382 was compared between healthy subjects (n = 6) and hemodialysis @entity1 (n = 10). Second, in the 10 hemodialysis @entity1 , we compared the antioxidant effects of 3 different doses (0, 455, and 910 mg) of oral @entity23382 with that of oral @entity620 (500 mg) during a hemodialysis session. Third, the other 44 hemodialysis @entity1 participated in a 7-mo interventional study, in which 30 @entity1 received placebo throughout and 14 @entity1 received @entity23382 (455 mg/d) from the third to the fifth month. RESULTS: After one oral dose, the hemodialysis @entity1 (n = 10) had later peaks and slower decay of plasma @entity23382 than did the healthy subjects. In the 10 hemodialysis @entity1 , @entity12919 supplementation reduced hemodialysis-enhanced plasma @entity9784 activity more effectively than did placebo or @entity620 . Between treatments with 455 or 910 mg @entity23382 , no significant difference was found in the reduction of plasma @entity9784 activity. @entity23382 also significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression enhanced by hemodialysis. In the 7-mo interventional study, the 14 @entity1 who received daily supplementation of @entity23382 for 3 mo had less predialysis plasma @entity273 activity, lower @entity9784 activity, and lower @entity9482 , @entity1851 , and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations than did the 30 hemodialysis @entity1 who received placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity23382 reduce hemodialysis-induced production of @entity273 and @entity9784 , @entity731 risk factors, and proinflammation.

title: Chronic green tea extract supplementation reduces hemodialysis-enhanced production of @entity273 and @entity9784 , XXXX factors, and proinflammatory cytokines.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: Inhibitory circuits are crucial in modulating corticospinal output in the primary motor cortex (M1). Relatively little is known about how these inhibitory circuits interact. Here we measured three forms of inhibition in M1 by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation: @entity851 ( @entity851 ), @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) and @entity851 ( @entity851 ). We specifically tested their interactions under pharmacological challenge with a single oral dose of @entity3175 , a positive allosteric modulator of the @entity1246 type A receptor ( @entity1246 A R), or @entity1772 , a specific agonist at the @entity1246 type B receptor ( @entity1246 B R). Motor evoked potentials were recorded bilaterally from the first dorsal interosseous muscle in eight right-handed healthy volunteers. @entity3175 enhanced @entity851 , and @entity1772 produced a trend towards enhanced @entity1162 , corroborating the view that @entity851 reflects inhibition mediated by the @entity1246 A R, and @entity1162 very likely reflects inhibition mediated by the @entity1246 B R. The pharmacology of @entity851 was inconclusive and warrants further investigation. Findings strongly suggest that @entity851 , @entity1162 and @entity851 recruit three distinct inhibitory circuits in the @entity1 M1. The interactions between @entity851 and @entity851 , @entity1162 and @entity851 , and @entity1162 and @entity851 were all negative, that is @entity851 suppressed @entity851 , and @entity1162 suppressed both @entity851 and @entity851 . @entity3175 partially restored @entity851 in the presence of @entity1162 , while all other interactions remained unaffected by @entity3175 or @entity1772 . It will be argued that the negative interactions between @entity851 and @entity851 , @entity1162 and @entity851 , and @entity1162 and @entity851 are most likely due to presynaptic @entity1246 B R-mediated autoinhibition.

title: Inhibitory circuits and the nature of their interactions in the XXXX motor cortex a pharmacological TMS study.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-interval intracortical inhibition', 'SIHI', 'SICI', 'short-interval interhemispheric inhibition']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long-interval intracortical inhibition', 'LICI']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conversion disorder (motor type) describes weakness that is not due to recognized disease or conscious simulation but instead is thought to be a "psychogenic" phenomenon. It is a common clinical problem in neurology but its neural correlates remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To compare the neural correlates of unilateral functional weakness in @entity13299 with those in healthy controls asked to simulate @entity425 . METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine whole brain activations during ankle plantarflexion in four @entity1 with unilateral @entity425 due to @entity13299 and four healthy controls simulating @entity425 . Group data were analyzed separately for @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: Both @entity1 and controls activated the motor cortex (paracentral lobule) contralateral to the "weak" limb less strongly and more diffusely than the motor cortex contralateral to the normally moving leg. @entity1 with @entity13299 activated a network of areas including the putamen and lingual gyri bilaterally, @entity1002 , and deactivated right middle frontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Controls simulating weakness, but not cases, activated the contralateral supplementary motor area. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral weakness in @entity13299 is associated with a distinctive pattern of activation, which overlaps with but is different from the activation pattern associated with simulated weakness. The overall pattern suggests more complex mental activity in @entity1 with @entity13299 than in controls.

title: FMRI in XXXX with motor conversion symptoms and controls with simulated weakness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior frontal gyrus, left insula']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder', 'established conversion disorder']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral weakness', 'ankle weakness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The use of compression garments during exercise is recommended for @entity1 with @entity0 , but the evidence behind this clinical recommendation is unclear. The aim of this randomized, cross-over trial was to compare the acute effects of wearing versus not wearing compression during a single bout of moderate-load resistance exercise on @entity4269 status and its associated symptoms in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Twenty-five @entity1 with clinically diagnosed, stable unilateral @entity0 completed two resistance exercise sessions, one with compression and one without, in a randomized order separated by a minimum 6 day wash-out period. The resistance exercise session consisted of six upper-body exercises, with each exercise performed for three sets at a moderate-load (10-12 repetition maximum). Primary outcome was @entity4269 , assessed using bioimpedance spectroscopy (L-Dex score). Secondary outcomes were @entity4269 as assessed by arm circumferences (percent inter-limb difference and sum-of-circumferences), and symptom severity for @entity158 , @entity11728 and @entity3431 , measured using visual analogue scales. Measurements were taken pre-, immediately post- and 24 hours post-exercise. There was no difference in @entity4269 status (i.e., L-Dex scores) pre- and post-exercise sessions or between the compression and non-compression condition [Mean (SD) for compression pre-, immediately post- and 24 hours post-exercise: 17.7 (21.5), 12.7 (16.2) and 14.1 (16.7), respectively; no compression: 15.3 (18.3), 15.3 (17.8), and 13.4 (16.1), respectively]. Circumference values and symptom severity were stable across time and treatment condition. An acute bout of moderate-load, upper-body resistance exercise performed in the absence of compression does not exacerbate @entity4269 in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION ON LYMPHEDEMA DURING RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN XXXX WITH BREAST CANCER-RELATED LYMPHEDEMA: A RANDOMIZED, CROSS-OVER TRIAL.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['BCRL', 'breast cancer-related lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity3431 :: ('MESH:C536920', 'Disease') :: ['tightness']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['WOMEN']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: @entity808 are benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves originating in the Schwann cells. According to their cellularity, they can be subdivided into Antoni A or Antoni B types. They are rare and usually solitary, with clearly delimited capsules. They occur in the head and neck region in only 25% of the cases, and may be associated with @entity1264 . The present study retrospectively analyzed some data on this disease in the head and neck region and reviewed the literature on the subject. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Head and Neck Service, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: Data on 21 @entity1 between 1980 and 2003 were reviewed. The sites of cervical @entity808 and the intraoperative, histopathological and postoperative clinical status of these cases were studied. Diagnostic methods, type of surgery and association with @entity4786 were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 16 to 72 years. Four @entity1 had a positive past history of @entity1264 or @entity1264 . The nerves affected included the brachial and cervical plexuses, vagus nerve, sympathetic chain and lingual or recurrent laryngeal nerve. The nerve of origin was not identified in six cases. @entity5 enucleation was performed in 16 @entity1 ; the other five required more extensive surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity808 and @entity3292 both derive from Schwann cells, but are different entities. They are solitary lesions, except in @entity1264 . They are generally benign, and rarely recur. The recommended surgical treatment is @entity5 enucleation.

title: XXXX in the head and neck: retrospective analysis of 21 @entity1 and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Schwannomas', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['type I neurofibromatosis', "Von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Schwannomas']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: @entity808 are benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves originating in the Schwann cells. According to their cellularity, they can be subdivided into Antoni A or Antoni B types. They are rare and usually solitary, with clearly delimited capsules. They occur in the head and neck region in only 25% of the cases, and may be associated with @entity1264 . The present study retrospectively analyzed some data on this disease in the head and neck region and reviewed the literature on the subject. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Head and Neck Service, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: Data on 21 @entity1 between 1980 and 2003 were reviewed. The sites of cervical @entity808 and the intraoperative, histopathological and postoperative clinical status of these cases were studied. Diagnostic methods, type of surgery and association with @entity4786 were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 16 to 72 years. Four @entity1 had a positive past history of @entity1264 or @entity1264 . The nerves affected included the brachial and cervical plexuses, vagus nerve, sympathetic chain and lingual or recurrent laryngeal nerve. The nerve of origin was not identified in six cases. @entity5 enucleation was performed in 16 @entity1 ; the other five required more extensive surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity808 and @entity3292 both derive from Schwann cells, but are different entities. They are solitary lesions, except in @entity1264 . They are generally benign, and rarely recur. The recommended surgical treatment is @entity5 enucleation.

title: @entity808 in the head and neck: retrospective analysis of 21 XXXX and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a high prevalence for @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) in @entity101 @entity1 . This retrospective study was performed to determine the role of adrenal scanning and adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in distinguishing unilateral autonomous @entity652 from @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). METHODS: 93 @entity1 , admitted to the radiology department for AVS between 1996 and 2004, were enrolled. 44 had a diagnosis of @entity1368 , 22 or whom had an @entity652 and 22 had @entity1373 . RESULTS: 17 of the 22 @entity1 with @entity652 and 15 with @entity1373 had an @entity1369 -renin ratio > 50. Adrenal CT or MR scanning was performed in 73 @entity1 . Sensitivity and specificity were 56 % and 60 %, respectively, for CT and 57% and 67% for MR. In 87 @entity1 AVS provided values for @entity1369 (A) and @entity701 (C) from the adrenal veins and vena cava inferior (VCI). Successful sampling (C-adrenal vein/C-VCI > 1.1) was achieved from 55 % of the right and from 92 % of the left adrenal veins. When AVS was successful on both sides, localizing @entity652 was possible using A/C (site of @entity652 ) vs. A/C (contralateral) at a cut-off point > 3 (sensitivity 85 %, specifity 88 %). In @entity1 with @entity652 , @entity1369 release was suppressed on the contralateral site (A/C-adrenal vein/A/C-VCI ratio = 0.8). CONCLUSION: AVS is a useful tool for localizing unilateral autonomous @entity652 . However, selective sampling often fails on the right adrenal vein, which limits its significance. In this case the A/C-adrenal vein/A/C-VCI in combination with the posture test should be utilized. CT or MRI are of limited value.

title: [Comparison of adrenal imaging and selective adrenal vein sampling in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['IHA', 'idiopathic bilateral hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PHA', 'primary hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary hyperaldosteronism']


abstract: The impact of @entity9542 formulation particle size on the intestinal @entity5068 absorption and the @entity5068 status in various tissues in Dunkin Hartley @entity840 was investigated. Three groups of animals (six each) were fed a basal diet ("control") or a basal diet containing either customary @entity9542 ("customary", particle size: 10 000-90 000 nm) or nanoscale @entity9542 ("nanoscale", particle size: 200-300 nm). The average daily @entity9542 intake was 21 +/- 7 mg (control), 154 +/- 8 mg (customary), and 127 +/- 18 mg (nanoscale) for 2 weeks. @entity9542 and @entity165 were analyzed in samples of plasma, blood cells, bile, liver, kidney, @entity5932 , cecum, colon and feces. Concentrations of @entity9542 in all analyzed matrices increased significantly in the supplemented groups when compared to control group. No differences in the @entity9542 concentrations in analyzed matrices occurred between nanoscale and customary group. The @entity165 concentrations in tissues remained unchanged. Fecal @entity844 and @entity5068 distributions were modified during @entity9542 intervention. Both particle sizes equally increased @entity9542 levels in @entity165 -metabolizing compartments in the @entity840 . No differences in body compartment accumulation and intestinal absorption of the different @entity9542 particle sizes were observed.

title: Nanoscale and customary non-esterified sitosterols are equally enriched in different body compartments of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9542 :: ('MESH:C025473', 'Chemical') :: ['sitosterol', 'Sitosterol']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal mucosa/serosa']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity4057 ( @entity4057 ) in the management of @entity4760 unresponsive to conventional treatment and surgical intervention. METHOD: Consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with foot wounds presenting at the vascular surgery unit and the @entity6 foot unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital were selected for @entity4057 . @entity4058 medicinal maggots were applied to the @entity1066 for three days per week. Changes in the percentage of @entity39 tissue and @entity1066 surface area were recorded each week over the 12-week follow-up period. Semiquantitative swab technique was used to determine the bacterial load before and after @entity4057 . RESULTS: The sample comprised 10 @entity1 with 13 @entity4760 . The mean baseline @entity1066 surface area was 23.5cm2 (range 1.3-63.1), and the mean percentage of @entity39 tissue was 74.9% (range 29.9-100). Complete debridement was achieved in all @entity1066 in a mean of 1.9 weeks (range 1-4). Five @entity1066 (38.5%) were completely debrided with one three-day @entity4057 cycle. The mean reduction in @entity1066 size was significant at 90.2%, and this occurred in a mean of 8.1 weeks (range 2-12). The mean weekly reduction in @entity1066 size was 16.1% (range 8.3-50). Full wound healing occurred in 11 @entity1066 (84.6%) within a mean of 7.3 weeks (range 2-10). The bacterial load of all @entity1066 reduced sharply after the first @entity4057 cycle to below the 10(5) threshold, which facilitates healing. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the potential benefits of @entity4057 in @entity6 wound care in developing countries. @entity4057 was proved to be a rapid, simple and efficient method of treating these @entity1066 .

title: Clinical and microbiological efficacy of XXXX in the treatment of @entity4760 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4057 :: ('MESH:D009198', 'Disease') :: ['MDT', 'maggot debridement therapy']

entities_list: @entity4058 :: ('13632', 'Species') :: ['Lucilia sericata']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4057 :: (MESH:D009198,Disease) :: ['MDT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity4057 ( @entity4057 ) in the management of @entity4760 unresponsive to conventional treatment and surgical intervention. METHOD: Consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with foot wounds presenting at the vascular surgery unit and the @entity6 foot unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital were selected for @entity4057 . @entity4058 medicinal maggots were applied to the @entity1066 for three days per week. Changes in the percentage of @entity39 tissue and @entity1066 surface area were recorded each week over the 12-week follow-up period. Semiquantitative swab technique was used to determine the bacterial load before and after @entity4057 . RESULTS: The sample comprised 10 @entity1 with 13 @entity4760 . The mean baseline @entity1066 surface area was 23.5cm2 (range 1.3-63.1), and the mean percentage of @entity39 tissue was 74.9% (range 29.9-100). Complete debridement was achieved in all @entity1066 in a mean of 1.9 weeks (range 1-4). Five @entity1066 (38.5%) were completely debrided with one three-day @entity4057 cycle. The mean reduction in @entity1066 size was significant at 90.2%, and this occurred in a mean of 8.1 weeks (range 2-12). The mean weekly reduction in @entity1066 size was 16.1% (range 8.3-50). Full wound healing occurred in 11 @entity1066 (84.6%) within a mean of 7.3 weeks (range 2-10). The bacterial load of all @entity1066 reduced sharply after the first @entity4057 cycle to below the 10(5) threshold, which facilitates healing. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the potential benefits of @entity4057 in @entity6 wound care in developing countries. @entity4057 was proved to be a rapid, simple and efficient method of treating these @entity1066 .

title: Clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity4057 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study we aimed to evaluate new bone and new fibrous tissue formation in the inner ear following cochlear implantation. METHODS: Twelve temporal bones from @entity1 who underwent cochlear implantation during life were prepared for histologic study. The specimens were reconstructed by both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional methods. These reconstructions were used to calculate the total volume and distribution of new bone and new fibrous tissue in the cochlea, the number of @entity4494 cells, and other histopathologic parameters. Clinical data, including the last-recorded word recognition scores, were obtained from the @entity1 ' medical records. RESULTS: New bone and new fibrous tissue were found in all 12 specimens, particularly at the site of cochleostomy. There was a significant correlation between overall damage to the lateral cochlear wall and the total volume of intracochlear new tissue (Spearman rho = .853; p = .0004). The total volume of new tissue did not correlate with word recognition scores or @entity4494 cell counts. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that the degree of damage to the lateral cochlear wall may play an important role in influencing the amount of new tissue formation following cochlear implantation. Intracochlear new tissue does not appear to be an important determinant of performance as measured by word recognition scores or the total number of remaining @entity4494 cells.

title: Analysis of intracochlear new bone and fibrous tissue formation in XXXX subjects with cochlear implants.

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical utility of the first-trimester markers of @entity2007 in their ability to predict @entity3152 . METHODS: We examined 54 722 singleton pregnancies with no @entity2008 and with complete outcome data that had undergone screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and maternal serum free beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A ( @entity15714 ) at 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The biochemical markers were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) of the expected normal median for a pregnancy of the same gestation and the measurements of fetal NT were expressed as the difference (delta) from the normal median NT for crown-rump length. The association between free beta-hCG, @entity15714 and delta NT and the incidence of @entity3152 before 37 weeks or early @entity3152 before 34 weeks was assessed by comparing the relative incidence at a number of MoM or delta NT cut-offs and at various centile cut-offs. At various marker levels the likelihood ratios (LR) for @entity3152 and early @entity3152 were also calculated after excluding other adverse pregnancy complications. RESULTS: The risk of @entity3152 increased with decreasing maternal serum @entity15714 . In the 3132 cases delivering before 37 weeks the @entity15714 MoM was 0.91 and in the 1060 cases delivering before 34 weeks the @entity15714 MoM was 0.90. At the 5th centile of the normal outcome group for @entity15714 (0.415 MoM) the odds ratios for delivery before 37 weeks and before 34 weeks were 1.92 and 2.35, respectively. The respective values for the 5th centile of free beta-hCG (0.41 MoM) were 1.18 and 1.08 and for the 95th centile of delta NT they were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of maternal serum @entity15714 are associated, in the absence of an abnormal karyotype, with an increased risk of preterm or early @entity3152 . The LR profiles provided at various levels of @entity15714 may be of some help in counseling @entity1 with such results and may raise awareness among healthcare professionals for increased surveillance in such cases.

title: First-trimester ultrasound and biochemical markers of XXXX and the prediction of preterm or early @entity3152 .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy']