abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a baseline (random) @entity701 concentration <25 microg/dL in @entity1 with @entity326 was a better discriminator of @entity1887 than the standard (250 microg) and the low-dose (1 microg) corticotropin stimulation tests as assessed by the hemodynamic response to @entity134 replacement. SETTING: Intensive care unit. @entity1 : Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity326 . Their mean age was 57 +/- 16.7 yrs; 29 were male. INTERVENTIONS: A baseline @entity701 concentration was obtained. @entity1 then received an intravenous injection of 1 microg of corticotropin (low-dose test) followed 60 mins later by an injection of 249 microg of corticotropin (high-dose test). @entity701 concentrations were obtained 30 and 60 mins after low- and high-dose corticotropin. All @entity1 were administered @entity701 (100 mg every 8 hrs) for the first 24 hrs while awaiting results of @entity701 assessment. @entity1 were considered @entity134 responsive if the pressor agent could be discontinued within 24 hrs of the first dose of @entity701 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of @entity1 died. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 met the diagnostic criteria of @entity1887 by the low-dose test and 8% by the high-dose test. However, 61% of @entity1 met the criteria of @entity1887 when we used a baseline @entity701 concentration of <25 microg/dL. Twenty-two @entity1 (37%) were @entity134 responsive; the baseline serum @entity701 was 14.1 +/- 5.2 microg/dL in the @entity134 -responsive @entity1 compared with 33.3 +/- 18 microg/dL in the @entity134 -nonresponsive @entity1 (p <.0001). Ninety-five percent of @entity134 -responsive @entity1 had a baseline @entity701 concentration <25 microg/dL. Fifty-four percent of @entity134 responders had a diagnostic low-dose test and 22% a diagnostic high-dose test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a stress @entity701 concentration of 23.7 microg/dL was the most accurate diagnostic threshold for determination of the hemodynamic response to glucocorticoid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1887 is common in @entity1 with @entity326 , the incidence depending largely on the diagnostic test and criteria used to make the diagnosis. There is clearly no absolute serum @entity701 concentration that distinguishes an adequate from an insufficient adrenal response. However, we believe that a random @entity701 concentration of <25 microg/dL in a highly stressed @entity1 is a useful diagnostic threshold for the diagnosis of @entity1887 .

title: XXXX during @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency', 'Adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['Adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a baseline (random) @entity701 concentration <25 microg/dL in @entity1 with @entity326 was a better discriminator of @entity1887 than the standard (250 microg) and the low-dose (1 microg) corticotropin stimulation tests as assessed by the hemodynamic response to @entity134 replacement. SETTING: Intensive care unit. @entity1 : Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity326 . Their mean age was 57 +/- 16.7 yrs; 29 were male. INTERVENTIONS: A baseline @entity701 concentration was obtained. @entity1 then received an intravenous injection of 1 microg of corticotropin (low-dose test) followed 60 mins later by an injection of 249 microg of corticotropin (high-dose test). @entity701 concentrations were obtained 30 and 60 mins after low- and high-dose corticotropin. All @entity1 were administered @entity701 (100 mg every 8 hrs) for the first 24 hrs while awaiting results of @entity701 assessment. @entity1 were considered @entity134 responsive if the pressor agent could be discontinued within 24 hrs of the first dose of @entity701 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of @entity1 died. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 met the diagnostic criteria of @entity1887 by the low-dose test and 8% by the high-dose test. However, 61% of @entity1 met the criteria of @entity1887 when we used a baseline @entity701 concentration of <25 microg/dL. Twenty-two @entity1 (37%) were @entity134 responsive; the baseline serum @entity701 was 14.1 +/- 5.2 microg/dL in the @entity134 -responsive @entity1 compared with 33.3 +/- 18 microg/dL in the @entity134 -nonresponsive @entity1 (p <.0001). Ninety-five percent of @entity134 -responsive @entity1 had a baseline @entity701 concentration <25 microg/dL. Fifty-four percent of @entity134 responders had a diagnostic low-dose test and 22% a diagnostic high-dose test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a stress @entity701 concentration of 23.7 microg/dL was the most accurate diagnostic threshold for determination of the hemodynamic response to glucocorticoid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1887 is common in @entity1 with @entity326 , the incidence depending largely on the diagnostic test and criteria used to make the diagnosis. There is clearly no absolute serum @entity701 concentration that distinguishes an adequate from an insufficient adrenal response. However, we believe that a random @entity701 concentration of <25 microg/dL in a highly stressed @entity1 is a useful diagnostic threshold for the diagnosis of @entity1887 .

title: @entity1887 during XXXX .

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity551 and hypoperfusion during @entity326 may contribute to tissue @entity519 and the intramyocardial inflammatory response that results in @entity296 . Therefore, we hypothesized that crystalloid or colloid resuscitation may alter @entity296 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, prospective animal study. SETTING: University animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity35 (250-300 g, n = 6/group). INTERVENTIONS: @entity35 received an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide or control. One hour later, @entity35 were randomized to intravenous resuscitation and received either 30 mL/kg normal saline, 10 mL/kg 10% pentastarch, 10 mL/kg 5% @entity35 albumin, or no volume. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured fractional @entity3207 of cardiomyocytes isolated 5 hrs after lipopolysaccharide or control injection. In separate identical experiments, we measured myocardial @entity568 , macrophage inhibitory protein-2, and @entity842 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression. Control fractional @entity3207 of 24.1 +/- 2.2% was decreased by lipopolysaccharide to 18.8 +/- 1.2% (p <.001). Volume resuscitation after lipopolysaccharide significantly improved fractional @entity3207 (p <.001). In particular, albumin resuscitation increased fractional @entity3207 to 23.5 +/- 0.9%, which was more than either saline (fractional @entity3207 20.1 +/- 1.7%,p <.01) or pentastarch (fractional @entity3207 21.4 +/- 0.9%,p <.01). Myocardial macrophage inhibitory protein-2 protein and @entity568 and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 messenger RNA expression and neutrophil content were elevated following lipopolysaccharide (p <.05) but were not altered by volume resuscitation. Myocardial @entity842 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression increased following lipopolysaccharide (p <.01) and decreased with albumin resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that following lipopolysaccharide injection, volume resuscitation improves cardiomyocyte fractional @entity3207 . Albumin resuscitation is particularly beneficial in preventing reduced cardiomyocyte contractility, and this benefit may be related to an albumin-induced reduction in @entity842 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression following endotoxin injection.

title: Albumin resuscitation increases cardiomyocyte contractility and decreases XXXX synthase II expression in @entity35 endotoxemia.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity551 and hypoperfusion during @entity326 may contribute to tissue @entity519 and the intramyocardial inflammatory response that results in @entity296 . Therefore, we hypothesized that crystalloid or colloid resuscitation may alter @entity296 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, prospective animal study. SETTING: University animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity35 (250-300 g, n = 6/group). INTERVENTIONS: @entity35 received an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide or control. One hour later, @entity35 were randomized to intravenous resuscitation and received either 30 mL/kg normal saline, 10 mL/kg 10% pentastarch, 10 mL/kg 5% @entity35 albumin, or no volume. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured fractional @entity3207 of cardiomyocytes isolated 5 hrs after lipopolysaccharide or control injection. In separate identical experiments, we measured myocardial @entity568 , macrophage inhibitory protein-2, and @entity842 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression. Control fractional @entity3207 of 24.1 +/- 2.2% was decreased by lipopolysaccharide to 18.8 +/- 1.2% (p <.001). Volume resuscitation after lipopolysaccharide significantly improved fractional @entity3207 (p <.001). In particular, albumin resuscitation increased fractional @entity3207 to 23.5 +/- 0.9%, which was more than either saline (fractional @entity3207 20.1 +/- 1.7%,p <.01) or pentastarch (fractional @entity3207 21.4 +/- 0.9%,p <.01). Myocardial macrophage inhibitory protein-2 protein and @entity568 and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 messenger RNA expression and neutrophil content were elevated following lipopolysaccharide (p <.05) but were not altered by volume resuscitation. Myocardial @entity842 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression increased following lipopolysaccharide (p <.01) and decreased with albumin resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that following lipopolysaccharide injection, volume resuscitation improves cardiomyocyte fractional @entity3207 . Albumin resuscitation is particularly beneficial in preventing reduced cardiomyocyte contractility, and this benefit may be related to an albumin-induced reduction in @entity842 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression following endotoxin injection.

title: Albumin resuscitation increases cardiomyocyte contractility and decreases @entity842 synthase II expression in XXXX endotoxemia.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy of motivational-interviewing (MI)-based postoperative care navigation in improving functional status post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to identify subgroups likely to benefit from the intervention. METHODS: We conducted a parallel randomized controlled trial in TKA recipients with two arms: postoperative care with frequent follow-up by a care navigator or usual care. The primary outcome was the difference between the arms in WOMAC function score change, over six months post-surgery. We performed a pre-planned subgroup analysis of differential efficacy by @entity28 and exploratory subgroup analyses on sex and @entity158 catastrophizing. RESULTS: We enrolled 308 subjects undergoing TKA for @entity571 . Mean preoperative function score was 41 (SD 17) (0-100 scale, 100 worst). At six months, subjects in the navigation arm improved by 30 (SD 16) points on average compared to 27 (SD 18) points in the usual care arm (p=0.148). @entity1 with moderate to high levels of @entity158 catastrophizing were unlikely to benefit from navigation compared to those with lower levels of @entity158 catastrophizing (p-value for interaction 0.013). CONCLUSION: Subjects assigned to the navigation intervention did not demonstrate greater functional improvement compared to those in the control group. The negative overall result could be explained by the large effect on functional improvement of TKA itself compared to the smaller, additional benefit from care navigation, as well as potential differential effects for subjects with moderate to high degrees of @entity158 catastrophizing. Greater focus on developing programs for @entity158 catastrophizing could lead to better functional outcomes following TKA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Postoperative care navigation for total knee arthroplasty XXXX : A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reducing pain']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute rejection remains a major problem in renal transplantation. Immunoprophylaxis with basiliximab (Simulect) has achieved significant reductions in acute rejection episodes in renal allograft recipients receiving dual immunosuppression. This study explored the tolerability and cumulative benefit of combining basiliximab with triple-drug therapy- @entity205 (USP Modified, Neoral), @entity618 , and @entity230 . METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, 123 kidney transplant recipients received either basiliximab at 20 mg before transplantation (day 0) and 20 mg on day 4 (n=59), or placebo (n=64). All received triple-drug immunosuppression and were followed for 6 months. RESULTS: Tolerability of basiliximab was equivalent to placebo, with no increase in serious adverse events, @entity5 , or @entity1071 . At 6 months, there were trends in favor of basiliximab over placebo in the incidences of first biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (15.3% vs. 26.6%, P=NS) and of acute rejection treated with antibody (5.1% vs. 15.6%, P=NS). Kaplan-Meier estimates at 4 weeks and 6 months were significantly in favor of basiliximab treatment for first acute rejection, biopsy-confirmed rejection, rejection episodes treated with antibody therapy, and treatment failure. Renal function improved more rapidly in the basiliximab group, with mean @entity1011 clearance at week 2 being 54.7 mL/min versus 43.2 mL/min for placebo (P=0.034). At 12 months, @entity1 survival was 100% in both groups; graft survival was 94.9% with basiliximab and 92.2% with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Basiliximab immunoprophylaxis is safe, well tolerated, and shows a trend toward reduction in number of acute rejection episodes in renal transplant @entity1 receiving @entity205 , @entity618 , and @entity230 .

title: Randomized double-blind study of immunoprophylaxis with basiliximab, a chimeric anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody, in combination with XXXX -containing triple therapy in renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infection, malignancy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infections following solid-organ transplants are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Few studies have reported the complications of @entity99 . METHODS: This investigation consisted of a retrospective chart review of all solid-organ transplant recipients from 1990 to 2000. Criteria for diagnosis included @entity409 , positive cultures from liver aspirates or blood cultures, or both, and a compatible clinical presentation. RESULTS: Of 2,175 recipients of all organ transplants (heart, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas), we identified 12 @entity1 who had experienced 14 episodes of @entity99 , all in liver transplant recipients. Median time from transplant to @entity99 was 386 days (range 25-4,198). The most common predisposing factor was @entity715 ( @entity715 ), which occurred in eight @entity1 , and was diagnosed at an average of 249 days (range 33-3,215) after transplantation. Clinical presentation of @entity99 was similar to that described in non-immunosuppressed @entity1 . All but one @entity1 showed @entity4988 (<3.5 g/dL); those with @entity715 also had significantly elevated @entity880 dehydrogenase. Liver aspirates grew gram-positive aerobic bacteria (50% of isolates), gram-negative aerobic bacteria (30%), and anaerobes and @entity375 (10% each). @entity1 received an average of 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Catheter drainage was successful in 70% of cases; and five @entity1 required retransplantation. Altogether, five of the @entity1 died, yielding a mortality rate of 42%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 , a rare complication after liver transplantation, was frequently associated with @entity715 . Mortality was higher than in @entity1 who had not undergone transplantation. Prolonged antibiotic therapy, drainage, and even retransplantation may be required to improve the outcome in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX after liver transplantation: 1990-2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis', 'HAT']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess', 'hepatic abscesses', 'Hepatic abscess']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: There is controversy over the use of measuring blood levels of @entity3265 ( @entity3655 ) in the management of @entity1 with overt @entity99 ( @entity99 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study of 178 @entity1 with @entity82 given @entity72656 (an @entity3655 -lowering agent) or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on study days 7 and 14 and @entity3655 levels were measured. The probabilities of having an @entity99 episode, based on ammonia values, were modeled using binary logistic regression. A Cox proportional model was used to determine the risk of @entity99 episodes in @entity1 with baseline fasting @entity3655 levels  <=1.5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) versus @entity1 with fasting @entity3655 levels >1.5-fold the ULN. RESULTS: The risk and frequency of @entity99 episodes and @entity99 -related hospitalizations correlated with baseline (mean, 51    6  mol/L; ULN, 35  mol/L) and on-study fasting levels of @entity3655 , and increased sharply at levels >1.5-fold the ULN. Regardless of baseline level, @entity3655 exposure and the relative risk of @entity99 episodes were decreased by @entity72656 . CONCLUSIONS: In analysis of data from a phase 2 study of the effects of @entity72656 in @entity1 with @entity82 , we found that fasting levels of @entity3655 in blood can identify @entity1 at risk for @entity99 -related morbidity. @entity1 with @entity99 might benefit from @entity3655 -lowering therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT  00999167.

title: Fasting Blood Ammonia Predicts Risk and Frequency of XXXX Episodes in @entity1 With @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

entities_list: @entity72656 :: ('MESH:C570223', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol phenylbutyrate']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: There is controversy over the use of measuring blood levels of @entity3265 ( @entity3655 ) in the management of @entity1 with overt @entity99 ( @entity99 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study of 178 @entity1 with @entity82 given @entity72656 (an @entity3655 -lowering agent) or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on study days 7 and 14 and @entity3655 levels were measured. The probabilities of having an @entity99 episode, based on ammonia values, were modeled using binary logistic regression. A Cox proportional model was used to determine the risk of @entity99 episodes in @entity1 with baseline fasting @entity3655 levels  <=1.5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) versus @entity1 with fasting @entity3655 levels >1.5-fold the ULN. RESULTS: The risk and frequency of @entity99 episodes and @entity99 -related hospitalizations correlated with baseline (mean, 51    6  mol/L; ULN, 35  mol/L) and on-study fasting levels of @entity3655 , and increased sharply at levels >1.5-fold the ULN. Regardless of baseline level, @entity3655 exposure and the relative risk of @entity99 episodes were decreased by @entity72656 . CONCLUSIONS: In analysis of data from a phase 2 study of the effects of @entity72656 in @entity1 with @entity82 , we found that fasting levels of @entity3655 in blood can identify @entity1 at risk for @entity99 -related morbidity. @entity1 with @entity99 might benefit from @entity3655 -lowering therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT  00999167.

title: Fasting Blood Ammonia Predicts Risk and Frequency of @entity99 Episodes in @entity1 With XXXX .

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: There is controversy over the use of measuring blood levels of @entity3265 ( @entity3655 ) in the management of @entity1 with overt @entity99 ( @entity99 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study of 178 @entity1 with @entity82 given @entity72656 (an @entity3655 -lowering agent) or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on study days 7 and 14 and @entity3655 levels were measured. The probabilities of having an @entity99 episode, based on ammonia values, were modeled using binary logistic regression. A Cox proportional model was used to determine the risk of @entity99 episodes in @entity1 with baseline fasting @entity3655 levels  <=1.5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) versus @entity1 with fasting @entity3655 levels >1.5-fold the ULN. RESULTS: The risk and frequency of @entity99 episodes and @entity99 -related hospitalizations correlated with baseline (mean, 51    6  mol/L; ULN, 35  mol/L) and on-study fasting levels of @entity3655 , and increased sharply at levels >1.5-fold the ULN. Regardless of baseline level, @entity3655 exposure and the relative risk of @entity99 episodes were decreased by @entity72656 . CONCLUSIONS: In analysis of data from a phase 2 study of the effects of @entity72656 in @entity1 with @entity82 , we found that fasting levels of @entity3655 in blood can identify @entity1 at risk for @entity99 -related morbidity. @entity1 with @entity99 might benefit from @entity3655 -lowering therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT  00999167.

title: Fasting Blood Ammonia Predicts Risk and Frequency of @entity99 Episodes in XXXX With @entity82 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to isolated inflammatory stimuli, changes in endothelial cell morphology that enhance paracellular flow of solutes result from F-actin stress fiber formation, myosin phosphorylation, and actin anchoring protein (ZO-1) modifications. We hypothesized that myosin light chain kinase inhibition would diminish burn-enhanced endothelial monolayer permeability by secondarily preventing F-actin and actin anchoring protein rearrangements. METHODS: @entity1 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were treated for 4 hours with 20% human burn serum (isolated from @entity1 with > 45% total body surface area @entity130 or healthy volunteers). Select cultures were pretreated with myosin light chain kinase inhibitors ( @entity13293 ). Permeability was assessed by migration of bovine serum albumin across cell monolayers. Cells were stained with @entity10034 and anti-ZO-1 antisera and examined by means of confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Burn serum significantly enhanced monolayer permeability to albumin, whereas pretreatment with @entity13293 limited this effect. Control cells maintained cortical F-actin and peripheral ZO-1 distributions (1a, b), whereas burn serum induced transcellular F-actin stress fiber formation and a diffuse ZO-1 staining (2a, b). @entity13293 prevented burn-induced actin rearrangements, but not the diffuse redistribution of ZO-1. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that endothelial F-actin stress fiber formation and ZO-1 redistribution contribute to postburn loss of pulmonary endothelial monolayer integrity. Although myosin phosphorylation appears to be required for endothelial F-actin stress fiber formation, redistribution of actin-membrane anchoring proteins appears to be regulated independently after @entity130 .

title: ZO-1 redistribution and F-actin stress fiber formation in pulmonary endothelial cells after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity10034 :: ('MESH:C504731', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine-phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thermal injury']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES: Pelvic morphology and @entity1515 were measured on standing radiographs of 75 @entity1 with greater than 10% L5-S1 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. The findings were compared with those of 75 volunteers to determine significant differences between the two groups. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Etiology of isthmic (lytic) spondylolisthesis remains uncertain. Causation appears to be multifactorial. The relationship between pelvic morphology and spondylolisthesis deserves additional study. METHODS: Both groups had a standing lateral radiograph of the thoracolumbar spine and pelvis taken that included both hips. Three radiographic angles for pelvic morphology (pelvisacral, pelvic incidence, and @entity530 ) were measured by two observers. Each offered similar reliability. Measurement of the @entity530 angle by the pelvic radius technique required fewer steps. It also allowed calculation of the combined angles comprising both the pelvic morphology component for @entity1515 (the constant @entity530 angle) and the @entity1515 in the lumbar spine (the variable @entity1515 from T12-S1) that should complement the fixed @entity530 (the @entity1515 ). Mean values and statistical correlations were then computed for each group and compared. RESULTS: The mean slippage for @entity1 was 30% (range, 11-85%), with 34 @entity1 (45%) having Grade I slips, 32 (43%) having Grade II slips, and nine (12%) having Grade III and IV slips. The mean measurements between @entity1 and volunteers were significantly different (P < 0.01) for @entity1515 , @entity530 , and @entity1515 . Subgroups of @entity1 with increasingly larger slips (Grade I-III) had significantly smaller mean angles for @entity530 . CONCLUSIONS: The pelvic and lumbopelvic parameters studied were different in @entity1 compared with controls. The contribution of the pelvis to @entity1515 was significantly smaller in the subgroups of @entity1 with increasingly larger grades of spondylolisthesis. Pelvic morphology may play a role in the development of spondylolisthesis. Measurement of the combined lumbar and pelvic (lumbopelvic) @entity1515 on standing radiographs is important.

title: XXXX and alignment in spondylolisthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbopelvic lordosis', 'lordosis', 'complementary lumbopelvic lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic lordosis']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['Pelvic lordosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Outcome study to determine response distribution, internal consistency, reproducibility, and concurrent validity of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 ( @entity6815 -22) health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire. OBJECTIVES: Further refinement of an HRQL questionnaire specific for @entity2112 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous experience with the original and modified @entity6815 HRQL questionnaires suggested a need for further refinement and more complete validation. METHODS: The @entity6815 -22 and Short Form 36 (SF-36) HRQL questionnaires were mailed to 83 previously surveyed postoperative @entity2112 @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-eight (70%) @entity1 returned the first set of questionnaires. Their average age at surgery was 14.6 years, and their average follow-up interval since surgery was 10.8 years. Fifty-one (88%) of the 58 returned the second set of questionnaires an average of 28 days later. The psychometric attributes of the instruments were comparable: score distribution, @entity6815 -22 56.9% ceiling and 1.7% floor, SF-36 79.3% ceiling and 1.7% floor; internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), @entity6815 -22 0.92 to 0.75, SF-36 0.91 to 0.36; and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient), @entity6815 -22 0.96 to 0.85, SF-36 0.92 to 0.61. Concurrent validity, determined by Pearson Correlation Coefficients between @entity6815 -22 and SF-36 domains, was 0.70 or greater ( < 0.0001) for 17 relevant comparisons. CONCLUSION: The @entity6815 -22 HRQL questionnaire is reliable with internal consistency and reproducibility comparable to SF-36. In addition, it demonstrated concurrent validity when compared to SF-36. It is shorter and more focused on the health issues related to @entity2112 than SF-36.

title: The reliability and concurrent validity of the scoliosis research society-22 @entity1 questionnaire for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Outcome study to determine response distribution, internal consistency, reproducibility, and concurrent validity of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 ( @entity6815 -22) health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire. OBJECTIVES: Further refinement of an HRQL questionnaire specific for @entity2112 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous experience with the original and modified @entity6815 HRQL questionnaires suggested a need for further refinement and more complete validation. METHODS: The @entity6815 -22 and Short Form 36 (SF-36) HRQL questionnaires were mailed to 83 previously surveyed postoperative @entity2112 @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-eight (70%) @entity1 returned the first set of questionnaires. Their average age at surgery was 14.6 years, and their average follow-up interval since surgery was 10.8 years. Fifty-one (88%) of the 58 returned the second set of questionnaires an average of 28 days later. The psychometric attributes of the instruments were comparable: score distribution, @entity6815 -22 56.9% ceiling and 1.7% floor, SF-36 79.3% ceiling and 1.7% floor; internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), @entity6815 -22 0.92 to 0.75, SF-36 0.91 to 0.36; and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient), @entity6815 -22 0.96 to 0.85, SF-36 0.92 to 0.61. Concurrent validity, determined by Pearson Correlation Coefficients between @entity6815 -22 and SF-36 domains, was 0.70 or greater ( < 0.0001) for 17 relevant comparisons. CONCLUSION: The @entity6815 -22 HRQL questionnaire is reliable with internal consistency and reproducibility comparable to SF-36. In addition, it demonstrated concurrent validity when compared to SF-36. It is shorter and more focused on the health issues related to @entity2112 than SF-36.

title: The reliability and concurrent validity of the scoliosis research society-22 XXXX questionnaire for @entity2112 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new antimicrobial treatment for central venous catheters in comparison with a traditional treatment, by assessing the catheter colonization and catheter-related @entity281 rates in two groups of @entity1 . DESIGN: Multiple-center, prospective randomized study. SETTING: The medical and surgical departments of ten institutions. @entity1 : @entity1 requiring a central venous catheter for medical or surgical pathologies between June 2000 and November 2001. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 in the control group received a conventional @entity3676 -treated double-lumen central venous catheter, while @entity1 in the oligon group received an oligon-treated ( @entity2636 combined with @entity575 , @entity505 , and @entity902 ) catheter with the same characteristics. Data collection included demographics, preexisting clinical conditions, main pathology, catheter insertion, and management data. Catheter colonization was defined as the growth of > or = 15 colony-forming units in culture of catheter segments by the roll-plate method, or > or = 1000 colony-forming units for the sonication method, and catheter-related @entity281 was defined as isolation of the same organism from the colonized catheter and from the peripheral blood of a @entity1 with clinical signs of @entity281 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were obtained from 545 catheters. Of these, 132 catheters (24.2%) were positive for colonization. @entity1 in the oligon group demonstrated a lower risk for catheter colonization in the overall population (relative risk, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.86; p = .003) and in the surgical subgroup (relative risk, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.76;p = .001). Significant differences between groups were detected for coagulase-negative staphylococci and Gram-negative bacilli colonization rates. Twenty-one @entity1 (3.8%) were positive for catheter-related @entity281 , without significant differences between control and oligon groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oligon treatment is effective in limiting the catheter colonization rate. Due to the limited amount of events, this study lacked the power to detect significant differences in terms of catheter-related @entity281 rate.

title: Impact of oligon central venous catheters on catheter colonization and catheter-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['bloodstream infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy for @entity0 risk reduction in @entity1 with @entity5345 and @entity2674 ( @entity14049 ) mutations are limited, despite the clinical use of this risk-management strategy. Thus, we estimated the degree of @entity0 risk reduction after surgery in @entity1 who carry these mutations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred eighty-three @entity1 with disease-associated germline @entity14049 mutations were studied for the occurrence of @entity0 . Cases were mutation carriers who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and who were followed prospectively from the time of their center ascertainment and their surgery, with analyses performed for both follow-up periods. Controls were @entity14049 mutation carriers with no history of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy matched to cases on gene, center, and year of birth. Both cases and controls were excluded for previous or concurrent diagnosis of @entity0 . Analyses were adjusted for duration of endogenous ovarian hormone exposure, including age at bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy if applicable. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in two (1.9%) of 105 @entity1 who had bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and in 184 (48.7%) of 378 matched controls who did not have the procedure, with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of @entity0 by approximately 95% in @entity1 with prior or concurrent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy and by approximately 90% in @entity1 with intact ovaries. CONCLUSION: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 with @entity14049 mutations by approximately 90%.

title: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces @entity0 risk in XXXX and @entity2674 mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy for @entity0 risk reduction in @entity1 with @entity5345 and @entity2674 ( @entity14049 ) mutations are limited, despite the clinical use of this risk-management strategy. Thus, we estimated the degree of @entity0 risk reduction after surgery in @entity1 who carry these mutations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred eighty-three @entity1 with disease-associated germline @entity14049 mutations were studied for the occurrence of @entity0 . Cases were mutation carriers who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and who were followed prospectively from the time of their center ascertainment and their surgery, with analyses performed for both follow-up periods. Controls were @entity14049 mutation carriers with no history of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy matched to cases on gene, center, and year of birth. Both cases and controls were excluded for previous or concurrent diagnosis of @entity0 . Analyses were adjusted for duration of endogenous ovarian hormone exposure, including age at bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy if applicable. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in two (1.9%) of 105 @entity1 who had bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and in 184 (48.7%) of 378 matched controls who did not have the procedure, with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of @entity0 by approximately 95% in @entity1 with prior or concurrent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy and by approximately 90% in @entity1 with intact ovaries. CONCLUSION: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 with @entity14049 mutations by approximately 90%.

title: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces XXXX risk in @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy for @entity0 risk reduction in @entity1 with @entity5345 and @entity2674 ( @entity14049 ) mutations are limited, despite the clinical use of this risk-management strategy. Thus, we estimated the degree of @entity0 risk reduction after surgery in @entity1 who carry these mutations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred eighty-three @entity1 with disease-associated germline @entity14049 mutations were studied for the occurrence of @entity0 . Cases were mutation carriers who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and who were followed prospectively from the time of their center ascertainment and their surgery, with analyses performed for both follow-up periods. Controls were @entity14049 mutation carriers with no history of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy matched to cases on gene, center, and year of birth. Both cases and controls were excluded for previous or concurrent diagnosis of @entity0 . Analyses were adjusted for duration of endogenous ovarian hormone exposure, including age at bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy if applicable. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in two (1.9%) of 105 @entity1 who had bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and in 184 (48.7%) of 378 matched controls who did not have the procedure, with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of @entity0 by approximately 95% in @entity1 with prior or concurrent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy and by approximately 90% in @entity1 with intact ovaries. CONCLUSION: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 with @entity14049 mutations by approximately 90%.

title: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces @entity0 risk in @entity5345 and XXXX mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group.

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: @entity5870 ( @entity5870 ) is one of the causes of @entity3152 . A recent study has indicated that @entity1110 oxidase, a reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity5870 . @entity5870 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity5870 may induce @entity3152 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity1 placenta during @entity3152 . We initially examined the @entity13789 -modified proteins in @entity1 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity13789 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity13789 on @entity1 placenta, we stimulated @entity1 placental tissue with @entity13789 . The expressions of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity3840 by COX activity assay kit. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity13789 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity5870 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity13789 induced the expression of @entity3840 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity13789 . In addition, @entity1421 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity13789 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity5870 , play an important role in @entity3152 .

title: Effects of XXXX , a marker of oxidative stress, on the @entity3840 of @entity1 placenta in @entity5870 .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'Prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['Chorioamnionitis', 'CAM']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

answer: @entity11838 :: (MESH:C027576,Chemical) :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']


abstract: @entity5870 ( @entity5870 ) is one of the causes of @entity3152 . A recent study has indicated that @entity1110 oxidase, a reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity5870 . @entity5870 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity5870 may induce @entity3152 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity1 placenta during @entity3152 . We initially examined the @entity13789 -modified proteins in @entity1 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity13789 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity13789 on @entity1 placenta, we stimulated @entity1 placental tissue with @entity13789 . The expressions of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity3840 by COX activity assay kit. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity13789 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity5870 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity13789 induced the expression of @entity3840 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity13789 . In addition, @entity1421 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity13789 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity5870 , play an important role in @entity3152 .

title: Effects of @entity11838 , a marker of oxidative stress, on the @entity3840 of @entity1 placenta in XXXX .

answer: @entity5870 :: (MESH:D002821,Disease) :: ['chorioamnionitis']


abstract: @entity5870 ( @entity5870 ) is one of the causes of @entity3152 . A recent study has indicated that @entity1110 oxidase, a reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity5870 . @entity5870 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity5870 may induce @entity3152 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity1 placenta during @entity3152 . We initially examined the @entity13789 -modified proteins in @entity1 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity13789 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity13789 on @entity1 placenta, we stimulated @entity1 placental tissue with @entity13789 . The expressions of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity3840 by COX activity assay kit. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity13789 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity5870 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity13789 induced the expression of @entity3840 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity13789 . In addition, @entity1421 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity13789 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity5870 , play an important role in @entity3152 .

title: Effects of @entity11838 , a marker of oxidative stress, on the XXXX of @entity1 placenta in @entity5870 .

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: @entity5870 ( @entity5870 ) is one of the causes of @entity3152 . A recent study has indicated that @entity1110 oxidase, a reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity5870 . @entity5870 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity5870 may induce @entity3152 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity1 placenta during @entity3152 . We initially examined the @entity13789 -modified proteins in @entity1 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity13789 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity13789 on @entity1 placenta, we stimulated @entity1 placental tissue with @entity13789 . The expressions of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity3840 by COX activity assay kit. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity13789 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity5870 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity13789 induced the expression of @entity3840 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity13789 . In addition, @entity1421 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity13789 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity5870 , play an important role in @entity3152 .

title: Effects of @entity11838 , a marker of oxidative stress, on the @entity3840 of XXXX placenta in @entity5870 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venetoclax ( @entity35360 ), a specific inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , is currently in phase I clinical trials for @entity1582 . The results suggest that venetoclax is only active in a small cohort of @entity1 therefore we wanted to determine its efficacy when used in combination. Combining venetoclax with melphalan or @entity33931 produced additive or better cell death in four of the five cell lines tested. The most striking results were seen with @entity619 ( @entity9170 ). Co-treatment of @entity1 @entity1582 cell lines and primary @entity1 samples, with @entity9170 and venetoclax, significantly increased cell death over venetoclax alone in four of the five cell lines, and in all @entity1 samples tested. The mechanism by which this occurs is an increase in the expression of both @entity588 and Bim upon addition of @entity9170 . This results in alterations in Bim binding to anti-apoptotic proteins. @entity9170 shifts Bim binding towards @entity588 resulting in increased sensitivity to venetoclax. These data suggest that knowledge of drug-induced alterations of Bim-binding patterns may help inform better combination drug regimens. Furthermore, the data indicate combining this novel therapeutic with @entity9170 could be an effective therapy for a broader range of @entity1 than would be predicted by single-agent activity. @entity1778 advance online publication, 15 January 2016; doi:10.1038/leu.2015.350.

title: XXXX treatment promotes @entity588 dependence in @entity1582 resulting in sensitivity to venetoclax.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity33931 :: ('MESH:C524865', 'Chemical') :: ['carfilzomib']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venetoclax ( @entity35360 ), a specific inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , is currently in phase I clinical trials for @entity1582 . The results suggest that venetoclax is only active in a small cohort of @entity1 therefore we wanted to determine its efficacy when used in combination. Combining venetoclax with melphalan or @entity33931 produced additive or better cell death in four of the five cell lines tested. The most striking results were seen with @entity619 ( @entity9170 ). Co-treatment of @entity1 @entity1582 cell lines and primary @entity1 samples, with @entity9170 and venetoclax, significantly increased cell death over venetoclax alone in four of the five cell lines, and in all @entity1 samples tested. The mechanism by which this occurs is an increase in the expression of both @entity588 and Bim upon addition of @entity9170 . This results in alterations in Bim binding to anti-apoptotic proteins. @entity9170 shifts Bim binding towards @entity588 resulting in increased sensitivity to venetoclax. These data suggest that knowledge of drug-induced alterations of Bim-binding patterns may help inform better combination drug regimens. Furthermore, the data indicate combining this novel therapeutic with @entity9170 could be an effective therapy for a broader range of @entity1 than would be predicted by single-agent activity. @entity1778 advance online publication, 15 January 2016; doi:10.1038/leu.2015.350.

title: @entity619 treatment promotes @entity588 dependence in XXXX resulting in sensitivity to venetoclax.

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venetoclax ( @entity35360 ), a specific inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , is currently in phase I clinical trials for @entity1582 . The results suggest that venetoclax is only active in a small cohort of @entity1 therefore we wanted to determine its efficacy when used in combination. Combining venetoclax with melphalan or @entity33931 produced additive or better cell death in four of the five cell lines tested. The most striking results were seen with @entity619 ( @entity9170 ). Co-treatment of @entity1 @entity1582 cell lines and primary @entity1 samples, with @entity9170 and venetoclax, significantly increased cell death over venetoclax alone in four of the five cell lines, and in all @entity1 samples tested. The mechanism by which this occurs is an increase in the expression of both @entity588 and Bim upon addition of @entity9170 . This results in alterations in Bim binding to anti-apoptotic proteins. @entity9170 shifts Bim binding towards @entity588 resulting in increased sensitivity to venetoclax. These data suggest that knowledge of drug-induced alterations of Bim-binding patterns may help inform better combination drug regimens. Furthermore, the data indicate combining this novel therapeutic with @entity9170 could be an effective therapy for a broader range of @entity1 than would be predicted by single-agent activity. @entity1778 advance online publication, 15 January 2016; doi:10.1038/leu.2015.350.

title: @entity619 treatment promotes XXXX dependence in @entity1582 resulting in sensitivity to venetoclax.

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of first targeted therapy on outcomes with second targeted therapy for metastatic @entity1358 is not well known. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for @entity1 receiving a second targeted therapy with @entity2239 by type of first targeted therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were drawn from 3 separate retrospective chart reviews conducted in 2011, 2012, and 2014. Inclusion criteria and study design were similar across the 3 studies. To be included in this analysis, @entity1 had to meet the following criteria: aged  >=  18 years; received first targeted therapy with @entity6219 , @entity2240 , or @entity2857 ; and received second targeted therapy with @entity2239 . Overall survival, time to treatment failure, and time to treatment discontinuation outcomes were measured from second targeted therapy initiation. Outcomes were compared among treatment groups by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Hazard ratios for overall survival, time to treatment failure, and time to treatment discontinuation obtained from the 3 chart reviews were synthesized in meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 696 @entity1 treated with @entity2239 as second targeted therapy, 605 @entity1 received first targeted therapy with @entity2240 / @entity2857 and 91 with @entity6219 . After synthesizing the hazard ratios from all studies in meta-analyses, there were no significant differences in study outcomes between @entity1 receiving @entity2240 / @entity2857 versus those receiving @entity6219 as first targeted therapy. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences among outcomes while receiving second targeted therapy with @entity2239 for @entity1 treated with @entity6219 versus @entity2240 / @entity2857 as first targeted therapy.

title: Real-World Effectiveness of @entity2239 Subsequent to Different First Targeted Therapies for the Treatment of XXXX : Synthesis of Retrospective Chart Reviews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of first targeted therapy on outcomes with second targeted therapy for metastatic @entity1358 is not well known. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for @entity1 receiving a second targeted therapy with @entity2239 by type of first targeted therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were drawn from 3 separate retrospective chart reviews conducted in 2011, 2012, and 2014. Inclusion criteria and study design were similar across the 3 studies. To be included in this analysis, @entity1 had to meet the following criteria: aged  >=  18 years; received first targeted therapy with @entity6219 , @entity2240 , or @entity2857 ; and received second targeted therapy with @entity2239 . Overall survival, time to treatment failure, and time to treatment discontinuation outcomes were measured from second targeted therapy initiation. Outcomes were compared among treatment groups by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Hazard ratios for overall survival, time to treatment failure, and time to treatment discontinuation obtained from the 3 chart reviews were synthesized in meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 696 @entity1 treated with @entity2239 as second targeted therapy, 605 @entity1 received first targeted therapy with @entity2240 / @entity2857 and 91 with @entity6219 . After synthesizing the hazard ratios from all studies in meta-analyses, there were no significant differences in study outcomes between @entity1 receiving @entity2240 / @entity2857 versus those receiving @entity6219 as first targeted therapy. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences among outcomes while receiving second targeted therapy with @entity2239 for @entity1 treated with @entity6219 versus @entity2240 / @entity2857 as first targeted therapy.

title: Real-World Effectiveness of XXXX Subsequent to Different First Targeted Therapies for the Treatment of @entity1358 : Synthesis of Retrospective Chart Reviews.

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rapid synaptic @entity935 transport or reduced brain @entity935 receptor signaling may influence energy intake. @entity2727 , a @entity935 reuptake inhibitor, increases brain synaptic @entity935 and produces @entity448 , suggesting that it may reduce energy intake. We investigated the effects of two doses of short-acting @entity2727 on energy intake over one meal in @entity28 adult males. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Nine @entity28 males (>85th BMI percentile) ingested a placebo or a moderate dose (0.5 mg/kg) or a high dose (1.0 mg/kg) of @entity2727 in a within-subject double-blind acute laboratory study. One hour after ingestion, pizza consumption was measured in a naturalistic laboratory setting. RESULTS: @entity1 reduced energy intake by 23% for the moderate dose vs. the placebo (p < 0.02), but there was no significant difference for the high dose vs. the moderate dose (p > 0.05). @entity1 consumed 34% fewer kilocalories after ingesting the lowest effective dose of @entity2727 compared with placebo (725.7 +/- 404.5 vs.1095 +/- 271.1 kcal, p < 0.01). Seven of nine subjects responded to the moderate dose. The increase in perceived drug effect above placebo was correlated with the reduction in energy intake for both the moderate (r = -0.85, p = 0.004) and the high (r = -0.75 p = 0.021) doses. Hunger scores were not different across drug doses or placebo before drug administration. DISCUSSION: @entity2727 reduced energy intake of a highly palatable food over one meal by one-third in @entity28 adult males. @entity935 transport inhibition may be an effective component of a comprehensive treatment for @entity28 .

title: Influence of @entity2727 on eating in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rapid synaptic @entity935 transport or reduced brain @entity935 receptor signaling may influence energy intake. @entity2727 , a @entity935 reuptake inhibitor, increases brain synaptic @entity935 and produces @entity448 , suggesting that it may reduce energy intake. We investigated the effects of two doses of short-acting @entity2727 on energy intake over one meal in @entity28 adult males. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Nine @entity28 males (>85th BMI percentile) ingested a placebo or a moderate dose (0.5 mg/kg) or a high dose (1.0 mg/kg) of @entity2727 in a within-subject double-blind acute laboratory study. One hour after ingestion, pizza consumption was measured in a naturalistic laboratory setting. RESULTS: @entity1 reduced energy intake by 23% for the moderate dose vs. the placebo (p < 0.02), but there was no significant difference for the high dose vs. the moderate dose (p > 0.05). @entity1 consumed 34% fewer kilocalories after ingesting the lowest effective dose of @entity2727 compared with placebo (725.7 +/- 404.5 vs.1095 +/- 271.1 kcal, p < 0.01). Seven of nine subjects responded to the moderate dose. The increase in perceived drug effect above placebo was correlated with the reduction in energy intake for both the moderate (r = -0.85, p = 0.004) and the high (r = -0.75 p = 0.021) doses. Hunger scores were not different across drug doses or placebo before drug administration. DISCUSSION: @entity2727 reduced energy intake of a highly palatable food over one meal by one-third in @entity28 adult males. @entity935 transport inhibition may be an effective component of a comprehensive treatment for @entity28 .

title: Influence of XXXX on eating in @entity28 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rapid synaptic @entity935 transport or reduced brain @entity935 receptor signaling may influence energy intake. @entity2727 , a @entity935 reuptake inhibitor, increases brain synaptic @entity935 and produces @entity448 , suggesting that it may reduce energy intake. We investigated the effects of two doses of short-acting @entity2727 on energy intake over one meal in @entity28 adult males. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Nine @entity28 males (>85th BMI percentile) ingested a placebo or a moderate dose (0.5 mg/kg) or a high dose (1.0 mg/kg) of @entity2727 in a within-subject double-blind acute laboratory study. One hour after ingestion, pizza consumption was measured in a naturalistic laboratory setting. RESULTS: @entity1 reduced energy intake by 23% for the moderate dose vs. the placebo (p < 0.02), but there was no significant difference for the high dose vs. the moderate dose (p > 0.05). @entity1 consumed 34% fewer kilocalories after ingesting the lowest effective dose of @entity2727 compared with placebo (725.7 +/- 404.5 vs.1095 +/- 271.1 kcal, p < 0.01). Seven of nine subjects responded to the moderate dose. The increase in perceived drug effect above placebo was correlated with the reduction in energy intake for both the moderate (r = -0.85, p = 0.004) and the high (r = -0.75 p = 0.021) doses. Hunger scores were not different across drug doses or placebo before drug administration. DISCUSSION: @entity2727 reduced energy intake of a highly palatable food over one meal by one-third in @entity28 adult males. @entity935 transport inhibition may be an effective component of a comprehensive treatment for @entity28 .

title: Influence of @entity2727 on eating in @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Treatment of idiopathic @entity2459 ( @entity2459 ) is still a great problem for the physicians, due to the still unexplained etiopathogenesis of the disease. This retrospective study includes 115 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2459 and compares two therapy regimens. Of the total number of @entity1 , 51 had been primarily treated by hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) at 2.8 bar. The remaining 64 @entity1 had been treated by @entity1502 infusions in increasing and decreasing doses. Hearing thresholds were ascertained at the frequencies of 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz using pure-tone audiometry. The results after treatment showed a statistically significant improvement of hearing by 46.35 (SD +/-18.58) dB hearing level (HL) in the group of @entity1 treated with HBO, compared with an improvement of hearing by 21.48 dB HL (SD +/-13.5) in the group of @entity1 treated with @entity1502 infusions (p < 0.001). Furthermore, hearing recovered to physiological values in 24 of 51 (47.1%) HBO-treated @entity1 , compared to only 4 of 64 (6.2%) of the @entity1502 -treated @entity1 . Furthermore, after @entity1502 treatment only 8/64 (12.5%) @entity1 showed partial recovery, whereas after HBO therapy 21/51 (41.2%) @entity1 improved up to a mild persistent @entity393 . This indicates strong evidence that HBO therapy is more effective in the treatment of idiopathic @entity2459 than conventional rheological treatment. However, more prospective clinical trials should confirm the efficiency of HBO therapy and lead to its wider application.

title: Hyperbaric XXXX in the treatment of @entity2459 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss', 'SHL']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Treatment of idiopathic @entity2459 ( @entity2459 ) is still a great problem for the physicians, due to the still unexplained etiopathogenesis of the disease. This retrospective study includes 115 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2459 and compares two therapy regimens. Of the total number of @entity1 , 51 had been primarily treated by hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) at 2.8 bar. The remaining 64 @entity1 had been treated by @entity1502 infusions in increasing and decreasing doses. Hearing thresholds were ascertained at the frequencies of 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz using pure-tone audiometry. The results after treatment showed a statistically significant improvement of hearing by 46.35 (SD +/-18.58) dB hearing level (HL) in the group of @entity1 treated with HBO, compared with an improvement of hearing by 21.48 dB HL (SD +/-13.5) in the group of @entity1 treated with @entity1502 infusions (p < 0.001). Furthermore, hearing recovered to physiological values in 24 of 51 (47.1%) HBO-treated @entity1 , compared to only 4 of 64 (6.2%) of the @entity1502 -treated @entity1 . Furthermore, after @entity1502 treatment only 8/64 (12.5%) @entity1 showed partial recovery, whereas after HBO therapy 21/51 (41.2%) @entity1 improved up to a mild persistent @entity393 . This indicates strong evidence that HBO therapy is more effective in the treatment of idiopathic @entity2459 than conventional rheological treatment. However, more prospective clinical trials should confirm the efficiency of HBO therapy and lead to its wider application.

title: Hyperbaric @entity26 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['sudden hearing loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13352 is an uncommon subtype of @entity3052 which has been considered to be a subtype of @entity3052 with a worse prognosis. Intensive chemotherapy is the first line of treatment. In recent years, the effect of kefir on some @entity5 has been experimented. Kefir is a kind of beverage, which obtained by incubation of kefir grains with raw milk. Kefir grains are a symbiotic complex of different kinds of @entity375 and bacteria, especially @entity880 bacteria which gather in a mostly @entity1735 matrix, named kefiran. We investigated the effect of kefir on @entity13352 cell line (KG-1) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cell line and PBMCs were treated with different doses of kefir and milk and incubated for three different times. We used Polymixin B to block the lipopolysaccharide and @entity6674 (1  mol/l) to neutralize the acidic media. Viability was detected by @entity98 assay. Apoptosis and @entity39 were assessed by annexin- @entity2667 staining. Our results showed that kefir induced apoptosis and @entity39 in KG-1 cell line. It was revealed that kefir decreased proliferation in @entity6007 cell line. We did not observe a remarkable effect of kefir on PBMCs. Our study suggested that kefir may have potential to be an effective treatment for @entity6007 .

title: Kefir induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13352 :: ('MESH:C535673', 'Disease') :: ['Acute erythroleukemia', 'acute erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity13352 :: (MESH:C535673,Disease) :: ['acute erythroleukemia']


abstract: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is an infrequent, highly malignant, primary @entity1489 derived from neuroendocrine cells. Most MCCs occur in elderly individuals, on sun-exposed areas of the body, with the head and neck being the most common sites. We present 7 @entity1 (2 male and 5 female, age 45-80 years) suffering from @entity3852 and treated between 1993 and 2000. All @entity5 were located on the head and neck and varied from 0.9 to 2.3 cm in size. Five of the @entity1 had @entity34 , 1 @entity1 had stage Ia disease and 1 @entity1 had @entity5 . Six of the @entity1 had positive regional lymph nodes. All @entity1 had local excision of the @entity5 . Six of them also had lymph node dissection and in 5 of them a superficial parotidectomy was performed. Five @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy and 3 of them also received chemotherapy. Local and cervical lymph node recurrence was observed in only 1 @entity1 . @entity3 occurred in 5 @entity1 . One @entity1 died within 10 days for other reasons. The @entity1 with the @entity5 had a survival of 7 months. The other 5 @entity1 had survivals varying from 15 to 54 months. @entity3852 is a @entity1489 with very poor prognosis and high recurrence and metastatic rates. Its treatment is still under discussion. Radical excision of the @entity5 is the main method of treatment. Selective lymph node dissection is suggested. Superficial parotidectomy seems necessary, especially if the @entity5 is on the auricle. Adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy may extend survival in case of @entity5 .

title: XXXX : report of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'small-size tumors', 'stage III tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and standard uptake value (SUV) by @entity419 PET represent host immunity and @entity5 metabolic activity, respectively. We investigated NLR and maximum SUV (SUVmax) as prognostic markers in @entity788 ( @entity788 ) @entity1 who receive palliative chemotherapy. METHODS: We reviewed 396 @entity788 @entity1 receiving palliative chemotherapy. NLR was obtained before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. In 118 @entity1 with PET prior to chemotherapy, SUVmax was collected. Cut-off values were determined by ROC curve. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis of all @entity1 , NLR and change in NLR after the first cycle of chemotherapy (  NLR) were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). We scored the risk considering NLR and   NLR and identified 4 risk groups with different prognosis (risk score 0 vs 1 vs 2 vs 3: @entity1349 9.7 vs 7.9 vs 5.7 vs 2.6 months, HR 1 vs 1.329 vs 2.137 vs 7.915, respectively; P<0.001). In PET cohort, NLR and SUVmax were independently prognostic for @entity1349 . Prognostication model using both NLR and SUVmax could define 4 risk groups with different @entity1349 (risk score 0 vs 1 vs 2 vs 3: @entity1349 11.8 vs 9.8 vs 7.2 vs 4.6 months, HR 1 vs 1.536 vs 2.958 vs 5.336, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NLR and SUVmax as simple parameters of host immunity and metabolic activity of @entity5 cell, respectively, are independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 in @entity788 @entity1 undergoing palliative chemotherapy.

title: More Accurate Prediction of Metastatic XXXX @entity1 ' Survival with Prognostic Model Using Both Host Immunity and @entity5 Metabolic Activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['MPC', 'metastatic pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and standard uptake value (SUV) by @entity419 PET represent host immunity and @entity5 metabolic activity, respectively. We investigated NLR and maximum SUV (SUVmax) as prognostic markers in @entity788 ( @entity788 ) @entity1 who receive palliative chemotherapy. METHODS: We reviewed 396 @entity788 @entity1 receiving palliative chemotherapy. NLR was obtained before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. In 118 @entity1 with PET prior to chemotherapy, SUVmax was collected. Cut-off values were determined by ROC curve. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis of all @entity1 , NLR and change in NLR after the first cycle of chemotherapy (  NLR) were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). We scored the risk considering NLR and   NLR and identified 4 risk groups with different prognosis (risk score 0 vs 1 vs 2 vs 3: @entity1349 9.7 vs 7.9 vs 5.7 vs 2.6 months, HR 1 vs 1.329 vs 2.137 vs 7.915, respectively; P<0.001). In PET cohort, NLR and SUVmax were independently prognostic for @entity1349 . Prognostication model using both NLR and SUVmax could define 4 risk groups with different @entity1349 (risk score 0 vs 1 vs 2 vs 3: @entity1349 11.8 vs 9.8 vs 7.2 vs 4.6 months, HR 1 vs 1.536 vs 2.958 vs 5.336, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NLR and SUVmax as simple parameters of host immunity and metabolic activity of @entity5 cell, respectively, are independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 in @entity788 @entity1 undergoing palliative chemotherapy.

title: More Accurate Prediction of Metastatic @entity788 @entity1 ' Survival with Prognostic Model Using Both Host Immunity and XXXX Metabolic Activity.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and standard uptake value (SUV) by @entity419 PET represent host immunity and @entity5 metabolic activity, respectively. We investigated NLR and maximum SUV (SUVmax) as prognostic markers in @entity788 ( @entity788 ) @entity1 who receive palliative chemotherapy. METHODS: We reviewed 396 @entity788 @entity1 receiving palliative chemotherapy. NLR was obtained before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. In 118 @entity1 with PET prior to chemotherapy, SUVmax was collected. Cut-off values were determined by ROC curve. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis of all @entity1 , NLR and change in NLR after the first cycle of chemotherapy (  NLR) were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). We scored the risk considering NLR and   NLR and identified 4 risk groups with different prognosis (risk score 0 vs 1 vs 2 vs 3: @entity1349 9.7 vs 7.9 vs 5.7 vs 2.6 months, HR 1 vs 1.329 vs 2.137 vs 7.915, respectively; P<0.001). In PET cohort, NLR and SUVmax were independently prognostic for @entity1349 . Prognostication model using both NLR and SUVmax could define 4 risk groups with different @entity1349 (risk score 0 vs 1 vs 2 vs 3: @entity1349 11.8 vs 9.8 vs 7.2 vs 4.6 months, HR 1 vs 1.536 vs 2.958 vs 5.336, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NLR and SUVmax as simple parameters of host immunity and metabolic activity of @entity5 cell, respectively, are independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 in @entity788 @entity1 undergoing palliative chemotherapy.

title: More Accurate Prediction of Metastatic @entity788 XXXX ' Survival with Prognostic Model Using Both Host Immunity and @entity5 Metabolic Activity.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A six month, double blind, controlled study was performed in 107 asymptomatic duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 who, after short term @entity4444 treatment, showed complete or incomplete @entity446 . @entity1 were stratified according to the type of healing and randomly allocated to @entity4444 (200 mg at lunch, 400 mg at bedtime) or placebo. Endoscopic examinations were carried out after six months or when symptoms recurred. Eighty seven @entity1 completed the maintenance trial. Of the 56 @entity1 admitted to the study with complete healing, 30 were placed on @entity4444 and 26 on placebo. Of the 31 @entity1 admitted with incomplete healing, 15 were placed on @entity4444 , and 16 on placebo. Results showed that, regardless of maintenance treatment, @entity1 with incompletely healed @entity1066 had a higher @entity1066 crater recurrence rate, than @entity1 with complete healing (71% vs 34%; p less than 0.005). A significantly higher @entity1066 crater recurrence was observed in incompletely healed @entity1066 @entity1 , even when @entity4444 or placebo treatment groups were considered separately. Irrespective of the type of healing, @entity1066 crater recurrence was more frequent in placebo treated @entity1 than in those treated with @entity4444 (67% vs 29%; p less than 0.001). We conclude that, in order to prevent a high @entity1066 recurrence rate, maintenance treatment should start only after the assessment of a complete @entity4773 .

title: Incompletely and completely healed duodenal XXXX ' outcome in maintenance treatment: a double blind controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic healing of duodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic healing']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: Purpose: We compared the treatment results and @entity137 in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity1 treated with concurrent chemotherapy (CCRT) alone (the CRT arm) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CCRT (the NCT arm). Materials and Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective study was conducted to review @entity189 patterns of care and treatment outcome. Data of 568 @entity189 @entity1 treated by CCRT alone or by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CCRT were collected from 15 institutions. @entity1 in both treatment arms were matched using the propensity score matching method, and the clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: After matching, 300 @entity1 (150 @entity1 in each group) were selected for analysis. Higher 5-year locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS) was observed in the CRT arm (85% vs. 72%, p = 0.014). No significant differences in distant failure-free survival (DFFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were observed between groups. In subgroup analysis, the NCT arm showed superior DFFS and DFS in stage IV @entity1 younger than 60 years. No significant difference in compliance and @entity137 was observed between groups, except the RT duration was slightly shorter in the CRT arm (50.0 vs. 53.9 days, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study did not show the superiority of NCT followed by CCRT over CCRT alone. Because NCT could increase the risk of loco-regional recurrences, it can only be considered in selected young @entity1 with advanced stage IV disease. The role of NCT remains to be defined and should not be viewed as the standard of care.

title: The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Treatment of XXXX : A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1154 neuroleptics alter rodents responses to immunization, suggesting that @entity1063 (NE) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) are neuroimmunomodulatory in these animals. Although endocrine factors participate in their mechanism(s) of action, recent studies suggest that NE and 5HT also interact more directly with immunocompetent cells. This review provides an overview of evidence for a direct regulatory link between the nervous and immune systems and further speculates on the process by which NE and 5HT realize in part, their neuroimmunomodulatory potential. Anatomical data show that noradrenergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system innervate lymphoid organs providing a channel of communication between neurons and lymphocytes. Presumably neural signals transmitted by NE are received by platelets that in turn, transduce them via 5HT into immunomodulatory messages. It is proposed that NE alters the capacity of platelets to sequester and/or catabolize 5HT, thus regulating its physiologically active pool in the plasma. Macrophages possess a 5HT uptake system, the kinetic properties of which make them sensitive to changes in plasma levels of the @entity6115 . Thus, through its ability to regulate plasma levels of 5HT, an immunosuppressive @entity6115 with access to macrophages, the nervous system can influence cells involved in antigen recognition. Support for this hypothetical immunomodulatory mechanism is gleaned from clinical and experimental studies. For example, individuals suffering emotional @entity130 are more susceptible than others to developing @entity221 . It is of interest that platelet 5HT pharmacodynamics are often abnormal in @entity1 with @entity74 characterized by @entity2922 deficits. Similar platelet changes have been achieved experimentally by treating @entity35 with @entity2922 antimetabolites. Additional support for the hypothesis derives from aging research since ' @entity1154 imbalance' and @entity1200 are co-characteristics of senescence. In aging rodents and @entity1 , central @entity2922 deficits are associated with a decreased platelet affinity for 5HT and an increased plasma content of 5HT. Thus, emotional, spontaneous (age-related), or experimental changes in @entity1154 homeostasis have the potential to increase the risk of disease in affected individuals. Perhaps part of this effect results from endocrine perturbations associated with the @entity130 . However, a direct interaction between the nervous and immune systems involving @entity1154 is also possible, and a need for future study of this potentially significant mechanism for neuroimmunomodulation is indicated.

title: Neuroimmunomodulatory interactions of XXXX and @entity750 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['Monoamine', 'monoamine', 'monoamines']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: @entity1154 neuroleptics alter rodents responses to immunization, suggesting that @entity1063 (NE) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) are neuroimmunomodulatory in these animals. Although endocrine factors participate in their mechanism(s) of action, recent studies suggest that NE and 5HT also interact more directly with immunocompetent cells. This review provides an overview of evidence for a direct regulatory link between the nervous and immune systems and further speculates on the process by which NE and 5HT realize in part, their neuroimmunomodulatory potential. Anatomical data show that noradrenergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system innervate lymphoid organs providing a channel of communication between neurons and lymphocytes. Presumably neural signals transmitted by NE are received by platelets that in turn, transduce them via 5HT into immunomodulatory messages. It is proposed that NE alters the capacity of platelets to sequester and/or catabolize 5HT, thus regulating its physiologically active pool in the plasma. Macrophages possess a 5HT uptake system, the kinetic properties of which make them sensitive to changes in plasma levels of the @entity6115 . Thus, through its ability to regulate plasma levels of 5HT, an immunosuppressive @entity6115 with access to macrophages, the nervous system can influence cells involved in antigen recognition. Support for this hypothetical immunomodulatory mechanism is gleaned from clinical and experimental studies. For example, individuals suffering emotional @entity130 are more susceptible than others to developing @entity221 . It is of interest that platelet 5HT pharmacodynamics are often abnormal in @entity1 with @entity74 characterized by @entity2922 deficits. Similar platelet changes have been achieved experimentally by treating @entity35 with @entity2922 antimetabolites. Additional support for the hypothesis derives from aging research since ' @entity1154 imbalance' and @entity1200 are co-characteristics of senescence. In aging rodents and @entity1 , central @entity2922 deficits are associated with a decreased platelet affinity for 5HT and an increased plasma content of 5HT. Thus, emotional, spontaneous (age-related), or experimental changes in @entity1154 homeostasis have the potential to increase the risk of disease in affected individuals. Perhaps part of this effect results from endocrine perturbations associated with the @entity130 . However, a direct interaction between the nervous and immune systems involving @entity1154 is also possible, and a need for future study of this potentially significant mechanism for neuroimmunomodulation is indicated.

title: Neuroimmunomodulatory interactions of @entity1063 and XXXX .

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity6228 ( @entity6228 ) is an emerging area of brain research with clear application to brain @entity68 studies in deep gray matter. However, acquisition of standard whole brain @entity6228 can be time-consuming. One means to reduce scan time is to use a focal acquisition restricted only to the regions of interest such as deep gray matter. However, the non-local dipole field necessary for @entity6228 reconstruction extends far beyond the structure of interest. We demonstrate the practical implications of these non-local fields on the choice of brain volume for @entity6228 . In an illustrative numerical simulation and then in @entity1 brain experiments, we examine the effect on @entity6228 of @entity353 in each dimension. For the globus pallidus, as an example of @entity68 -rich deep gray matter, we demonstrate that substantial errors can arise even when the field-of-view far exceeds the physical structural boundaries. Thus, @entity6228 reconstruction requires a non-local field-of-view prescription to ensure minimal errors. An axial @entity6228 acquisition, centered on the globus pallidus, should encompass at least 76mm in the superior-inferior direction to conserve susceptibility values from the globus pallidus. This dimension exceeds the physical coronal extent of this structure by at least five-fold. As @entity6228 sees wider use in the neuroscience community, its unique requirement for an extended field-of-view needs to be considered.

title: Importance of extended spatial coverage for quantitative susceptibility mapping of XXXX -rich deep gray matter.

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ['QSM', 'Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review recent endovascular intervention trials for acute @entity385 . DATA SOURCES: Recent, randomized controlled trials of endovascular interventions for acute @entity385 were identified. The search terms "endovascular" AND " @entity64 " were used and filter for "randomized controlled trial" was applied; the period searched was January 1, 2013, to October 31, 2015. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Randomized controlled trials of endovascular interventions in acute @entity385 published within the past 3 years (2013-2015). DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 8 trials are reviewed: 3 trials published in 2013 demonstrated neutral results for endovascular interventions, and 5 trials published in 2015 demonstrated positive results for endovascular interventions. Potential reasons for the change in outcomes include better @entity1 selection and improvement indevice technology. @entity1 selection improvements included selecting @entity1 with salvageable brain tissue with an identifiable @entity715 on perfusion imaging. The major improvement in device technology was the introduction of the Solitaire Flow Restoration stent retriever and the Trevo stent retriever, both of which have improved recanalization rates compared with earlier devices. Adjunctive medication considerations include the mode of sedation (general or conscious), intraprocedural anticoagulation with @entity6950 , and intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator. CONCLUSIONS: The use of endovascular devices for treating acute @entity385 is likely to increase as more centers become capable of integrating them into their @entity64 programs. It is important for pharmacists to understand the trials that evaluated endovascular interventions because differences exist with respect to device, adjunctive medication, and @entity1 selection, all of which affect @entity1 outcomes.

title: Endovascular Interventions for Acute XXXX : A Review of Recent Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: AIMS: To compare pressure flow parameters in the different urodynamic diagnoses in @entity1 with @entity6802 ( @entity6802 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urodynamic traces of @entity1 with @entity6802 were prospectively studied. Detrusor pressures at the start of flow (ODP), detrusor pressure at peak flow rate (PdetQmax), peak flow rate (Qmax) and detrusor pressure at the end of flow ( @entity13667 ) were measured and compared with different urodynamic diagnoses. RESULTS: Six hundred and twenty one @entity1 were prospectively investigated between September 2000 and February 2002. Only 85% (529/621) of @entity1 had good quality pressure flow studies and was included in the study. @entity1 with detrusor overactivity have higher ODP, @entity13667 and PdetQmax than @entity1 with urethral @entity1690 . All these pressure flow parameters are significantly lower in @entity1 with urethral @entity1690 than continent @entity1 (P < 0.05, Bonferroni test). Qmax was significantly greater in @entity1 with urodynamic stress @entity322 compared to @entity1 who had detrusor overactivity (P < 0.05, Bonferroni test). @entity1 with mixed @entity322 had pressure flow parameters intermediate between @entity1 with detrusor overactivity and those with urodynamic stress @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: Pressure flow parameters appear to be useful urodynamic tools in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity6802 as they help the clinician in assessing the urethral and detrusor function.

title: Pressure flow study: a useful diagnostic test of female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter incompetence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity6802 :: ('MESH:D059411', 'Disease') :: ['lower urinary tract symptoms', 'LUTS']

answer: @entity6802 :: (MESH:D059411,Disease) :: ['lower urinary tract symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The term poorly differentiated (PD) carcinoma was proposed 20 years ago to define @entity146 , follicular-derived @entity259 with behavior intermediate between follicular/papillary and @entity189 . Among the variable histologic patterns recognized in such @entity5 , trabecular-insular-solid (TIS) areas usually are predominant. Conversely, some authors pointed out that @entity189 are characterized by unequivocal, high-grade histology with atypias, high mitotic counts, and @entity39 rather than by a specific growth pattern. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of a series of 183 @entity259 with predominant (n = 165 @entity5 ) or focal (n = 18 @entity5 ) TIS growth patterns were studied by univariate and multivariate overall survival analyses and were compared with clinical outcomes. Subgroups included @entity5 with predominant oxyphilic features (n = 66 @entity5 ) and (residual) @entity1377 features (n = 24 @entity5 ). Control groups of papillary (n = 68 @entity5 ), follicular (n = 71 @entity5 ), and anaplastic (n = 35 @entity5 ) @entity189 also were included for overall survival analysis. RESULTS: TIS @entity189 had an intermediate behavior between papillary/follicular and @entity189 (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses demonstrated that age > 45 years (P = 0.007), the presence of @entity39 (P < 0.0001), and a mitotic count > 3 per 10 high-power fields (P = 0.01) were associated with poor outcome. A simplified scoring system based on statistically significant parameters allowed the identification of three prognostic subgroups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: PD TIS @entity189 overall followed a more @entity146 course compared with differentiated @entity259 , irrespective of the extent of the TIS component. However, a numeric scoring system applied to specific clinicopathologic parameters further may identify three prognostic categories of @entity1 who have significantly different survival rates at 5 years and 10 years.

title: Poorly differentiated XXXX of the thyroid with trabecular, insular, and solid patterns: a clinicopathologic study of 183 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['PD carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']