abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the plasma levels of amyloid beta (Ab) and select inflammatory mediators in @entity1 with various stages of @entity13785 compared to that of age-matched controls, and discern a relationship to disease severity. METHODS: Plasma samples were obtained from @entity13785 subjects at various stages of disease-early (drusen only), @entity10691 ( @entity10691 ), @entity13785 ( @entity471 )-and from controls of similar age without @entity13785 . Samples were analyzed using a commercially available ELISA kit (sixteen cytokines) or LC/MS/MS (Ab isotypes). Descriptive statistics were compiled on all analytes. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare each analyte across @entity13785 groups while adjusting for sex and age of the @entity1 , and in comparison to the control group. Receiver operating characteristics plots were generated for the strongest predictor variables. RESULTS: Levels of alternative spliced CC3 proteins were significantly different between controls and @entity471 groups (p   <   0.05), with median levels almost twice higher in @entity471 than in controls. There was an increasing trend for plasma levels of  -b isotypes across @entity13785 progressive stages (p values ranged from 0.052 to 0.0012) (ANCOVA). When adjusted for multiple comparisons analysis, plasma Ab 1-42 levels, and its ratio with Ab 1-40 were the most significantly associated with late @entity13785 stages. Consistently with the ANCOVA results for  -b isotypes, the ROC curve showed a moderate prediction (AUC   =   -   ~   0.78) of @entity13785 vs control using the Ab 1-42 isotype. CONCLUSION: Plasma Ab 1-42 may have utility as a systemic biomarker for @entity13785 .

title: Plasma levels of amyloid beta and other proinflammatory mediators in XXXX with age-related macular degeneration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['GA', 'geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'neovascular AMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sporadic and familiar forms of non-histaminergic @entity113 and normal C1 inhibitor encompass a group of disorders possibly caused by bradikinin. We aimed to study the subgroups of @entity1659 with FXII mutation (FXII- @entity7058 ), unknown @entity74 ( @entity7058 ) and idiopathic non-histaminergic acquired @entity113 (InH-AAE). We screened the @entity6343 locus in our cohort and delineated the clinical, laboratory and genetic features. Four families carried the @entity28444 mutation in @entity6343 gene. Haplotyping confirmed the hypothesis of a common founder. Six families were affected by @entity7058 and 13 @entity1 by sporadic InH-AAE. C4 levels were significantly lower in FXII- @entity7058 than in InH-AAE. In the FXII- @entity7058 group, none had attacks exclusively in high estrogenic states; acute attacks were treated with icatibant. Prophylaxis with tranexamic acid reduced the attack frequency in most @entity1 . Our study provides new data on the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of non-histaminergic @entity113 , underlying the role of the screening for @entity6343 mutations.

title: Characterization of @entity1 with @entity113 without wheals: the importance of XXXX gene screening.

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity28444 :: ('p|SUB|T|309|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Thr309Lys']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

answer: @entity6343 :: (2161,Gene) :: ['F12']


abstract: Sporadic and familiar forms of non-histaminergic @entity113 and normal C1 inhibitor encompass a group of disorders possibly caused by bradikinin. We aimed to study the subgroups of @entity1659 with FXII mutation (FXII- @entity7058 ), unknown @entity74 ( @entity7058 ) and idiopathic non-histaminergic acquired @entity113 (InH-AAE). We screened the @entity6343 locus in our cohort and delineated the clinical, laboratory and genetic features. Four families carried the @entity28444 mutation in @entity6343 gene. Haplotyping confirmed the hypothesis of a common founder. Six families were affected by @entity7058 and 13 @entity1 by sporadic InH-AAE. C4 levels were significantly lower in FXII- @entity7058 than in InH-AAE. In the FXII- @entity7058 group, none had attacks exclusively in high estrogenic states; acute attacks were treated with icatibant. Prophylaxis with tranexamic acid reduced the attack frequency in most @entity1 . Our study provides new data on the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of non-histaminergic @entity113 , underlying the role of the screening for @entity6343 mutations.

title: Characterization of @entity1 with XXXX without wheals: the importance of @entity6343 gene screening.

answer: @entity113 :: (MESH:D000799,Disease) :: ['angioedema']


abstract: Sporadic and familiar forms of non-histaminergic @entity113 and normal C1 inhibitor encompass a group of disorders possibly caused by bradikinin. We aimed to study the subgroups of @entity1659 with FXII mutation (FXII- @entity7058 ), unknown @entity74 ( @entity7058 ) and idiopathic non-histaminergic acquired @entity113 (InH-AAE). We screened the @entity6343 locus in our cohort and delineated the clinical, laboratory and genetic features. Four families carried the @entity28444 mutation in @entity6343 gene. Haplotyping confirmed the hypothesis of a common founder. Six families were affected by @entity7058 and 13 @entity1 by sporadic InH-AAE. C4 levels were significantly lower in FXII- @entity7058 than in InH-AAE. In the FXII- @entity7058 group, none had attacks exclusively in high estrogenic states; acute attacks were treated with icatibant. Prophylaxis with tranexamic acid reduced the attack frequency in most @entity1 . Our study provides new data on the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of non-histaminergic @entity113 , underlying the role of the screening for @entity6343 mutations.

title: Characterization of XXXX with @entity113 without wheals: the importance of @entity6343 gene screening.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In vitro and in situ experimental models that are descriptive of drug absorption in vivo are valuable tools in the discovery of new chemical entities that are bioavailable after oral administration. The specific objective of the study was to compare the intestinal permeabilities obtained in the three absorption models for consistency, and to assess the utility of the models in predicting the fraction of dose absorbed in @entity1 studies. The intestinal absorption models that were compared are widely used: the @entity35 in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion system, the @entity35 everted intestinal ring method, and monolayers of @entity1 @entity694 cell line (CACO-2). The models were compared using small molecular reference compounds, as well as a series of peptidomimetic (PM) analogs. Each model had strong potential for estimating the fraction absorbed. For small organic molecules, excellent correlation was observed when permeabilities from CACO-2 cells and perfusions, or everted rings and perfusions, were compared. Weaker correlation was observed between everted rings and CACO-2 cells. Permeabilities for the set of reference compounds and PMs were positively correlated between any two of the three systems. Variance between correlations for reference compounds and PMs are likely due to structural features and physicochemical properties that are unique to the latter class of compounds. The results support caution in extrapolating correlations based on findings with small organic molecules to the behavior of complex peptidomimetics. Corroboration of permeabilities with two methods of determination is a useful cross-validation of experimental systems, as well as producing a reliable permeability assessment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of intestinal permeabilities determined in multiple in vitro and in situ models: relationship to absorption in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies show sustained levels of @entity1239 among young males using smokeless @entity286 , causing concern for subsequent @entity65 . Also, there is little information on effects of @entity1239 replacement on @entity65 in cessation programs. This study investigates the effects of @entity1239 gum replacement in smokeless @entity286 cessation on @entity65 factors. METHODS: Smokeless @entity286 users, ages 18-65, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to 2-mg @entity1239 or placebo gum. At baseline, Week 4, and Week 8, dependent measurements, heart rate, blood pressure, and weight were recorded, and fasting lipoprotein profiles were drawn. RESULTS: This paper focuses on the smokeless @entity286 users who refrained from use during the study period (N = 56). The @entity1239 gum group weighed less (P = 0.033) than the placebo group throughout the study and weight increased at a significant rate between Weeks 4 and 8 for both groups as gum decreased. @entity1674 were higher for the @entity1239 gum group than the placebo group (P = 0.031), with @entity1674 decreasing between Weeks 4 and 8, with a similar effect seen among nonabstinent smokeless @entity286 users. There was no dose, time, or dose by time effect for the other dependent measures. CONCLUSIONS: Among smokeless @entity286 users who were abstinent, weight increased, with subjects on @entity1239 gum weighing less throughout the study. The lipoprotein profile, heart rate, and blood pressure did not improve over time, contrary to smokers in whom HDL increases and heart rate decreases with cessation. This could relate to different routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, or by-products of @entity286 smoking being absent in smokeless @entity286 . In addition, @entity1239 gum appeared to have neither an adverse nor a positive effect on heart rate, blood pressure, LDL, HDL, or total @entity165 .

title: Effects of treatment on XXXX among smokeless @entity286 users.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies show sustained levels of @entity1239 among young males using smokeless @entity286 , causing concern for subsequent @entity65 . Also, there is little information on effects of @entity1239 replacement on @entity65 in cessation programs. This study investigates the effects of @entity1239 gum replacement in smokeless @entity286 cessation on @entity65 factors. METHODS: Smokeless @entity286 users, ages 18-65, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to 2-mg @entity1239 or placebo gum. At baseline, Week 4, and Week 8, dependent measurements, heart rate, blood pressure, and weight were recorded, and fasting lipoprotein profiles were drawn. RESULTS: This paper focuses on the smokeless @entity286 users who refrained from use during the study period (N = 56). The @entity1239 gum group weighed less (P = 0.033) than the placebo group throughout the study and weight increased at a significant rate between Weeks 4 and 8 for both groups as gum decreased. @entity1674 were higher for the @entity1239 gum group than the placebo group (P = 0.031), with @entity1674 decreasing between Weeks 4 and 8, with a similar effect seen among nonabstinent smokeless @entity286 users. There was no dose, time, or dose by time effect for the other dependent measures. CONCLUSIONS: Among smokeless @entity286 users who were abstinent, weight increased, with subjects on @entity1239 gum weighing less throughout the study. The lipoprotein profile, heart rate, and blood pressure did not improve over time, contrary to smokers in whom HDL increases and heart rate decreases with cessation. This could relate to different routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, or by-products of @entity286 smoking being absent in smokeless @entity286 . In addition, @entity1239 gum appeared to have neither an adverse nor a positive effect on heart rate, blood pressure, LDL, HDL, or total @entity165 .

title: Effects of treatment on @entity65 among smokeless XXXX users.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with XXXX for @entity28 non-insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity353 for XXXX non-insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity353 for @entity28 non-insulin-dependent XXXX @entity1 and @entity1 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity353 for @entity28 non-insulin-dependent @entity6 XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity353 for @entity28 non-insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1088 induced sedation is common but its management is unclear. We analyzed the factors associated with @entity1088 -induced sedation and the efficacy of common pharmacological strategies. We conducted a naturalistic observational study using two years electronic records of a cohort @entity1 and three analyses: a cross sectional analysis of factors associated with total number of hours slept (as an objective proxy of sedation), and two prospective analyses of which factors were associated with changes in hours slept and the efficacy of two pharmacological strategies. 133 @entity1 were included, of which 64.7% slept at least 9h daily. Among monotherapy @entity1 (n=30), only @entity30182 levels (r=.367, p=.03) correlated with hours slept. Using the prospective cohort (n=107), 42 @entity1 decreased the number of hours slept, due to decreasing @entity1088 (40%) or augmenting with @entity1770 (36%). These two strategies were recommended to 22 (20.6%) and 23 (21.5%) subjects respectively but the majority (81.8% and 73.9%) did not reduce number of hours slept. Thus, pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors are involved in sedation. @entity30182 plasma levels correlated with @entity25 . Reducing @entity1088 and @entity1770 augmentation were associated to amelioration of sedation, although both strategies were effective only in a limited numbers of subjects.

title: An observational study of XXXX induced sedation and its pharmacological management.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity30182 :: ('MESH:C058272', 'Chemical') :: ['Norclozapine', 'norclozapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['total sleeping hours']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Most of the researches in Pakistan are concerned with the aetiological factors of @entity734 among the youth. However, few studies seek to explore the social aspects of this phenomenon. The present study aimed to explore the role of family, the influence of parental involvement, and communication styles in youth's @entity734 in a qualitative manner. Twenty drug addicts (age range 18-28 years) were taken as a sample from drug rehabilitation centres in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. A structured interview guide was administered comprising questions related to the individual's habits, relationship with family and friends, and modes of communication within the family. Case profiles of the @entity1 were also taken. The rehabilitation centres offered family therapy and the researcher, as a non- @entity1 , observed these sessions as part of the analysis. The demographic information revealed that majority of the @entity1 were poly-substance abusers (80%) and the significant reasons for starting drugs were the company of peers and curiosity. The thematic analysis revealed parental involvement and emotional expressiveness as two major components in family communication. It was found that parents were concerned about their @entity1 , but were not assertive in the implementation of family rules. It was also found that the major life decisions of the @entity1 were taken by their parents, which is a characteristic of collectivist Pakistani society.

title: An exploratory research on the role of family in youth's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'children']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug addiction']


abstract: Aim of this phase I-II study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative concomitant radiochemotherapy in resectable high risk (TNM stage: II and III) @entity5 , 64 @entity1 entered the study: 37 had @entity5 . 50 @entity1 were clinically staged as stage III (Dukes C) and 14 as stage II (Dukes B). Treatment protocol included bolus @entity1138 at the dose of 10 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5FU continuous infusion at the daily dose of 1000 mg/m2 on day 1, 2, 3, 4. Concomitant external radiotherapy up to a dose of 3780 cGy was delivered at the daily dose of 180 cGy. Surgery was performed 4 to 5 weeks after @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Before surgery all @entity1 were clinically restaged to evaluate the response to concomitant radiochemotherapy. Treatment compliance was 97%. @entity137 was 27% prevalently shown as bone marrow depletion and @entity20787 . In 37 @entity1 (61%) there was 50% reduction (partial response) of neoplastic volume. In 5 @entity1 (8%) no neoplastic cells were evidenced in the surgical specimen on histology (complete response). The distance between the lower margin of the @entity5 and the internal anal orifice increased in 72% of cases. Postoperative morbidity was 28%. The incidence of anastomotic dehiscences was 8.7% over 46 anterior resections. Postoperative mortality was nil. Definitive staging evidenced 24 @entity1 (39%) stage I or with no evidence of @entity5 . The incidence of local recurrence was 5% and that of distant metastasis 8%.

title: Combined modality therapy of resectable high risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'low rectal cancer, 27 mid-rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiodermatitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations between meat, dairy and @entity219 intake and pubertal development in adolescents in Chengdu. METHODS: A total of 1320 @entity1 and adolescents aged 9-15 years in Chengdu were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling strategy. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 3-day 24-hour dietary recall. Pubertal development was evaluated through physical examinations. Consumptions of meat and dairy, and @entity219 intake were compared between groups with different levels of pubertal development according to the Tanner criteria. RESULTS: The median age of spermarche was 13. 00 years. The @entity1 who had had spermarche consumed more meat (including red meat) and dairy products than those who had not yet (P<0. 05). Daily consumption of total meat was positively correlated with the level of pubertal development (P<0. 05). The median age of menarche was 12. 11 years. The @entity1 who had had menarche consumed more meat and less diiry products than those who had not yet (P<0. 05). Daily consumption of dairy products was negatively associated with breast development and the level of pubertal development (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Consumptions of meat, red meat and dairy products are associated with pubertal development in adolescents in Chengdu. However, the differences between @entity1 and @entity1 warrant further studies.

title: [Consumptions of Meat and Dairy Products, XXXX Intake and Pubertal Development in Adolescents in Chengdu].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['Zinc']


abstract: CONTEXT: It is unclear why the prevalence of @entity6 and @entity5710 , especially @entity5710 , between diagnosed by oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria, is substantially discordant. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of @entity28 on the agreement between HbA1c and OGTT for diagnosing @entity6 and @entity5710 and identify the optimal HbA1c cutoff values in different body mass index (BMI) classifications. DESIGN SETTING AND @entity1 : In a population-based, cross-sectional study in Harbin, China, 4325 individuals aged 20-74 years without a prior diagnosed @entity6 were involved in this study. OUTCOME: measure The performance and optimal cutoff points of HbA1c were assessed by receiver-operating characteristic curve. The contribution of BMI to HbA1c was analyzed by structural equational model. RESULTS: The agreement between HbA1c criteria and OGTT decreased with BMI gain (k = 0.359, 0.312, and 0.275 in a normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 population, respectively). The structural equational model results showed that BMI was significantly associated with HbA1c in normal @entity413 tolerance and @entity5710 subjects but not in @entity6 subjects. At a specificity of 80% for @entity5710 and 97.5% for @entity6 , the optimal HbA1c cutoff points for @entity5710 and @entity6 were 5.6% and 6.4% in normal-weight, 5.7% and 6.5% in overweight, and 6.0% and 6.5% in an @entity28 population. When the new HbA1c cutoff values were used, the agreement in @entity28 subjects increased almost to the level in normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The poor agreement between HbA1c and OGTT criteria in an @entity28 population can be significantly improved through increasing the HbA1c threshold for @entity5710 .

title: Increased Hemoglobin A1c Threshold for Prediabetes Remarkably Improving the Agreement Between A1c and Oral XXXX Tolerance Test Criteria in Obese Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The introduction of endoscopic techniques has led to debate about optimal management of early @entity420 . The aim was to evaluate @entity1 selection and outcomes for endoscopic or surgical treatment at a tertiary referral centre. METHODS: A prospectively collected database of consecutive @entity1 staged with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or T1 @entity420 treated with curative intent between 2005 and 2013 was undertaken. All @entity1 were discussed at the multidisciplinary team meeting. Surgical treatment was by thoracoscopic assisted or standard/laparoscopic assisted Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy. Endoscopic treatment was a structured programme of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Outcomes included treatment variables, recurrence and complications. RESULTS: 83 @entity1 treated; 50 with endoscopic therapy (EMR only-4, EMR then RFA-22, RFA only-24) and 38 by surgery (33 straight to surgery and 5 following EMR). Median age (67) and mean follow-up (21 months) were similar. @entity1893 was more common in the endoscopic group (32/50, 64%, vs.3/33, 9%, p  =  0.0001). Significant complications were more common following surgery (13/38, 34%, vs. 1/50, 2%, p  =  0.0001). There were two in-hospital deaths following oesophagectomy (1 open, 1 thoracoscopic). Endoscopic treatment beyond 12 months for persisting @entity1893 was required in 2 @entity1 . Recurrence of @entity1893 /invasive @entity5 was diagnosed in 2/36 (5.6%, T1a recurrence) of endoscopic and 1/38 (2.6%, T2N0 - subsequent hepatic metastases) surgical @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A management algorithm including both endoscopic treatment and oesophagectomy provides optimal outcome for these @entity1 . Due to additional morbidity of surgery, endoscopic treatment is appropriate first-line treatment.

title: Surgical and endoscopic management of high grade dysplasia and early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia', 'HGD/intramucosal disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes over time in revascularization strategies and outcomes among @entity1 with unprotected left main @entity3979 remain largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2618 consecutive @entity1 with unprotected left main @entity3979 who underwent revascularization were identified from the ASAN Medical Center-Left MAIN Revascularization registry and classified by time periods: bare metal stent ( @entity13830 , 1995-1998), early drug-eluting stents ( @entity13831 , 2003-2006), and late drug-eluting stents ( @entity27399 , 2007-2010). Primary end point was major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events (the composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , repeat revascularization, and @entity64 ). During the study period, 1124 @entity1 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 1494 @entity1 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The proportion of PCI significantly increased from 35% to 52% between waves 1 and 3. In @entity1 receiving PCI, the risk-adjusted incidence rate of major adverse cerebro-cardiovascular events decreased from 20.18 cases per 100 @entity1 -years in @entity13830 to 6.77 cases per 100 @entity1 -years in @entity27399 (P<0.001 for trend). @entity204 , the composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity64 , and repeat revascularization were also significantly decreased by 40%, 35%, and 46%, respectively. The risk-adjusted incidence rate of major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events did not change in @entity1 receiving coronary artery bypass grafting. The difference major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events risk between PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting progressively reduced (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.33 [0.23-0.47]; 0.53 [0.35-0.80]; and 1.01 [0.68-1.49] from @entity13830 to @entity27399 . CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of unprotected left main coronary artery PCI have significantly improved over time. In addition, more @entity1 received PCI for unprotected left main @entity3979 in recent years.

title: Temporal trends in revascularization strategy and outcomes in left main XXXX : data from the asan medical center-left main revascularization registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND @entity927 ( @entity928 ) has been well documented to reduce @entity190 and transfusion requirements in @entity1 undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the efficacy and safety of @entity928 in simultaneous bilateral TKA have not been clearly defined. The aim of our study was to systematically review the existing evidence regarding the role of @entity928 in @entity1 undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search of all studies published through June 2014 was performed using Medline, EMBASE, OVID, and other databases. All studies that compared the efficacy and safety of @entity928 administration in simultaneous bilateral TKA @entity1 were identified. The data from the included trials were extracted and analyzed regarding @entity190 and transfusion rates. The evidence quality levels of the selected articles were evaluated using a grading system. RESULTS Six studies were included, in which a total of 245 @entity1 received @entity928 and 271 @entity1 were controls. Overall, the results demonstrated that the use of @entity928 significantly reduced total @entity190 by a mean of 371.1 ml (95% confidence interval (CI)=-412.12 to -330.09; p<0.001) and reduced the number of @entity1 requiring blood transfusion (risk ratio (RR)=0.16; 95% CI=0.10 to 0.28; p<0.001). No significant differences in adverse effects such as @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) were noted in any group. CONCLUSIONS The intravenous use of @entity928 in @entity1 undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA is effective and safe and results in significantly reduced estimated @entity190 and transfusion rates. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of side effects. Due to the limitations in the evidence quality of current meta-analyses, well-conducted, larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required.

title: Efficacy and Safety of XXXX in Bilateral Total Knee Replacement: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic Acid']


abstract: For 20 years, the prospect of anti-malarial vaccination has aroused many hopes, but in the end, it has mostly given rise to doubts and disappointment. If most attempts have been to no avail, this is because the issue at stake is amazingly difficult. Besides the very complex antigenic structure of the protozoa Plasmodium, there is first the existence of at least three different targets during the plasmodial cycle, then the necessity of appropriate adjuvants and, most of all, the imperfection of our experimental models. Recently, Pattaroyo and the various groups who worked with him have eventually met success with vaccine trials in @entity1 : they used a synthetic antigene, SPf66, on volunteers in South America, then on a larger population sample in East Africa. The results are still quite modest: @entity1 are protected against the @entity66 but not against the @entity5895 and only in approximately 40% of cases. Nevertheless, these results have the merit of representing the first successful anti-malarial vaccination in @entity1 . Although great advances are still needed, a decisive step forward has been taken. Other types of vaccine will soon be tested by other groups (anti-gametocyte vaccines) and prospects of significant improvements are offered by the technique of DNA-vaccines. If it is now certain that one or several vaccines will be available in a near future, no one is able to set the time delay necessary to reach this stage. In any case, hoping that this type of vaccine will eradicate the disease is not realistic since a disease as complex as @entity311 , in terms of epidemiology, cannot be eliminated by only one method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Towards a vaccination against XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malarial disease']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Solid @entity5 (SPN) is a rare and low-grade malignant @entity788 . Solid @entity5 is rare in @entity1 , and most SPN cases are in young @entity1 . This study aimed to investigate sex differences in SPN clinical histopathology including capillary density and expression of immunochemical markers, including @entity16412 . A total of 22 resected @entity5 from @entity788 @entity1 , including 16 @entity1 (73%) and 6 @entity1 (27%), were analyzed histopathologically and immunohistochemically for @entity5473 , b-catenin, @entity172 receptor, @entity1420 receptor, Ki-67, @entity2282 , @entity2279 , and @entity16412 . The median age was 52.5 years in @entity1 and 24 years in @entity1 (P = .046). The median @entity5 size was 22.5 mm in @entity1 and 40 mm in @entity1 (P = .337). In 11 of the 16 @entity1 (69%), but in none of the @entity1 , @entity5 showed complete or incomplete fibrous cap sules (P = .006). @entity165 clefts were observed in @entity5 from 10 @entity1 (63%) but in none from the @entity1 (P = .012). No significant sex differences were noted in @entity5 characteristics, including size, macroscopic @entity528 , @entity39 , @entity14361 , and perineural invasion. The SPNs were weakly positive for @entity16412 , although there was no significant difference between sexes. Capillary density tended to be lower in @entity5 from @entity1 than in those from @entity1 , but not significantly. Thus, except for the fibrous capsule and @entity165 clefts often found in @entity5 and the younger age of the @entity1 , there were no significant sex differences in histopathologic or immunohistochemical features of SPN, despite its markedly higher occurrence in @entity1 .

title: Sex differences in immunohistochemical expression and capillary density in pancreatic solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasm', 'pancreatic SPN']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular involvement']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol', 'Cholesterol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary neoplasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mode of interaction of @entity1355 fibres with cell membranes is still debatable. One reason is the lack of a suitable and convenient cellular model to investigate the causes of @entity137 . We studied the interaction of @entity1355 fibres with @entity1238 oocytes, using electrophysiological and morphological methods. Oocytes are large single cells, with a limited ability to endocytose molecular ligands; we therefore considered these cells to be a good model for investigating the nature of @entity1355 /membrane interactions. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to compare the passive electrical membrane properties, and those induced by applying positive or negative voltage steps, in untreated oocytes and those exposed to @entity1355 fibre suspensions. Ultrastructural analysis visualized in detail, any morphological changes of the surface membrane caused by the fibre treatment. Our results demonstrate that Amosite and @entity17110 -type @entity1355 fibres significantly modify the properties of the membrane, starting soon after exposure. Cells were routinely depolarized, their input resistance decreased, and the slow outward currents evoked by step depolarizations were dramatically enhanced. Reducing the availability of surface @entity68 contained in the structure of the fibres with cation chelators, abolished these effects. Ultrastructural analysis of the fibre-exposed oocytes showed no evidence of phagocytic events. Our results demonstrate that @entity1355 fibres modify the oocyte membrane, and we propose that these cells represent a viable model for studying the @entity1355 /cell membrane interaction. Our findings also open the possibly for finding specific competitors capable of hindering the @entity1355 -cell membrane interaction as a means of tackling the long-standing @entity137 problem.

title: XXXX Oocytes as a Model System for Studying the Interaction Between Asbestos Fibres and Cell Membranes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['Crocidolite']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: When compared to amputation, limb salvage procedures for extremity @entity242 have been advocated because of potential functional benefits and presumed psychological-outcome advantages. The purpose of this study was to compare psychological outcomes between survivors who underwent either amputation or limb salvage procedures for extremity @entity242 . Fifteen amputees and 20 @entity1 with salvaged limbs (mean age, 37.9 years; range, 15 to 71 years) were evaluated 1 to 5 years after surgery for extremity @entity242 . Demographic and medical information was obtained and cognitive functioning, affect, mood, body image, physical functioning, global psychological adjustment to illness and surgery, and lifetime prevalence of @entity146 before and after surgery were assessed. Two @entity1 were excluded because of the presence of an incapacitating @entity347 . The remaining @entity1 , 14 amputees and 19 @entity1 with salvaged limbs, had a variety of soft-tissue and @entity79 . No significant differences were found between the groups in age, sex, marital status, surgically involved extremity, chemotherapy status, and social class at the time of surgery and interviews. There were no significant differences between the groups in scores of cognitive capacity, symptoms, mood, body image changes, global physical functioning, global adjustment to illness and surgery, and lifetime prevalence of @entity146 before or after surgery. Most @entity1 revealed only mild @entity1109 and 55% demonstrated good to excellent adjustment to their surgeries and diseases. There were no significant differences in measures of psychological outcome for @entity1 with extremity @entity242 who underwent limb salvage procedures compared to those who underwent amputation. A psychological-outcome advantage of limb-salvage surgery compared to amputation has yet to be demonstrated.

title: Psychological outcome of extremity XXXX survivors undergoing amputation or limb salvage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic mental syndrome']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a history of @entity600 or small for gestational age (SGA) in a singleton pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of recurrence of the same condition in a subsequent twin pregnancy. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies delivered in one maternal-fetal medicine practice from 2005 to 2014. @entity1 with a history of singleton @entity600 at less than 37 weeks of gestation were compared with @entity1 with a history of singleton term birth and nulliparous @entity1 . A similar analysis was performed for a history of SGA (birth weight less than 10%). RESULTS: Six hundred forty-seven twin pregnancies were included. The prior singleton gestational age at delivery was significantly positively correlated with the twin gestational age at delivery (P<.001), and the prior singleton birth weight was significantly positively correlated with the birth weight of the larger twin (P<.001) and the smaller twin (P<.001). The rate of twin @entity600 before 32 weeks of gestation was 3.5% in @entity1 with a prior term birth, 9.2% in nulliparous @entity1 , and 26% in @entity1 with a prior @entity600 (P<.001). The rate of SGA in @entity1 with a prior birth not complicated by SGA was 42.1%, in nulliparous @entity1 it was 54.4%, and in @entity1 with a history of SGA it was 65.2% (P=.007). On regression analysis, prior @entity600 and SGA of a singleton pregnancy were independently associated with recurrence of the same condition in a subsequent twin pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Prior @entity600 and SGA in a singleton pregnancy increase the risk of the same condition in a subsequent twin pregnancy. We postulate that the extrinsic mechanism responsible for the pathophysiology of adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies overlaps with that in singleton pregnancies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: XXXX or Small for Gestational Age in a Singleton Pregnancy and Risk of Recurrence in a Subsequent Twin Pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Preterm Birth']


abstract: @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ), a @entity74 associated with @entity1415 and hepatic shunts, is responsible for high-output @entity712 in rare cases. Bevacizumab, which targets @entity7 , was shown to decrease both cardiac index (CI) and @entity1415 duration in @entity1884 @entity1 with severe liver involvement. The relationship between its serum concentration and change in both CI and @entity1415 duration was investigated to design the bevacizumab maintenance dosing regimen of future therapeutic studies. Twenty-five @entity1884 @entity1 with @entity1353 and high CI were included in a prospective non-comparative study. They received bevacizumab at a dose of 5  mg/kg per infusion every 14  days for a total of 6 injections. The relationships between bevacizumab serum concentration and both CI and @entity1415 duration were described using transit compartments and direct inhibition pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. The performances of different maintenance regimens were evaluated using simulation. Infusions every 3, 2 and one months were predicted to maintain 41%, 45% and 50% of @entity1 with CI <4 L/min/m(2) at 24 months, respectively. The fraction of @entity1 with <20  min @entity1415 per month was predicted to be 34%, 43% and 60%, with infusion every 3, 2 or one months, respectively. Simulations of the effects of different maintenance dosing regimens predict that monthly 5  mg/kg infusions of bevacizumab should allow sustained control of both cardiac index and @entity1415 .

title: Dose - response relationship of bevacizumab in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['HHT', 'Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic vascular disorder']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this review was to consider the impact of being introduced to a sport and sport participation on (a) weight loss and @entity146 symptoms, (b) any other health benefits in @entity1 with @entity161 , supported by quantitative and qualitative findings. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA statement was conducted. Searches were undertaken in January 2014. Articles were eligible that (1) considered the effect (quantitative studies) and experience (qualitative and case studies) of either; being introduced to a 'sport' or undertaking a sport activity, (2) included >85% of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 or schizo-affective spectrum disorders according to recognised criteria. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies including 5 trials (2*pre-experimental, 2*controlled trials, 1*randomised control trial), 2 qualitative studies and 3 case studies were included (n=185). Two out of 3 studies that considered weight as an outcome measure reported significant reductions in weight and @entity146 symptoms following sports participation. The mean reduction in body mass index (BMI) ranged from -0.7kg.m2 (p<0.001) following 12 weeks of basketball to -1.33 kg.m2 (p<0.001) after 12-weeks of soccer. The mean reduction in the Positive and Negative Symptoms score ranged from 2.4 points (F=-19.0, p<0.001) following 12 weeks of basketball to 7.4 points (t=-5.0, p<0.001) following a 40 week programme of @entity1641 riding. A range of secondary health and wellbeing outcomes identified some significant results. Qualitative findings showed that @entity1 had positive experiences from participating in sports. CONCLUSIONS: Sport participation may result in reduced BMI and @entity146 symptoms in @entity1 with @entity161 . Sport has the potential to improve an individual's quality of life through providing a meaningful normalizing activity that leads to achievement, success and satisfaction. Well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to fully determine the health effects of sports participation in @entity161 .

title: Investigating the benefits of sport participation for individuals with XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Importance: Use of @entity2421 intravenous fluids for maintenance requirements is associated with increased risk of @entity2753 that results in morbidity and mortality in @entity1 . Clinical trial data comparing isotonic and @entity2421 maintenance fluids in nonsurgical hospitalized pediatric @entity1 outside intensive care units are lacking. Objective: To compare isotonic ( @entity2827 , 0.9%, and @entity413 , 5%) with @entity2421 ( @entity2827 , 0.45%, and @entity413 , 5%) intravenous maintenance fluids in a hospitalized general pediatric population. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In this double-blind randomized clinical trial,we recruited 110 @entity1 admitted to a general pediatric unit of a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital from March 1, 2008, through August 31, 2012 (age range, 1 month to 18 years), with normal baseline serum @entity1372 levels who were anticipated to require intravenous maintenance fluids for 48 hours or longer (intent-to-treat analyses). @entity1 with diagnoses that required specific fluid tonicity and volumes were excluded. Interventions: @entity1 were randomized to receive isotonic or @entity2421 intravenous fluid at maintenance rates for 48 hours. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was mean serum @entity1372 level at 48 hours. The secondary outcomes were mean @entity1372 level at 24 hours, @entity2753 and @entity3489 , @entity1017 , @entity101 , and @entity4 . Confounding variables were included in multiple regression models. Post hoc analyses included change from baseline @entity1372 level at 24 and 48 hours and subgroup analysis of @entity1 with primary respiratory diagnosis. Results: Of 110 enrolled @entity1 , 54 received isotonic fluids and 56 received @entity2421 fluids. The mean (SD) @entity1372 level at 48 hours was 139.9   (2.7) mEq/L in the isotonic group and 139.6   (2.6) mEq/L in the @entity2421 group (95% CI of the difference, -0.94 to 1.74 mEq/L; P   =   .60). Two @entity1 in the @entity2421 group developed @entity2753 , 1 in each group developed @entity3489 , 2 in each group developed @entity101 , and 2 in the isotonic group developed @entity4 . Mean (SD) change from baseline to 48-hour @entity1372 level was +1.3   (2.9) vs -0.12   (2.8) mEq/L, respectively (absolute difference, 1.4 mEq/L; 95% CI of the difference, -0.01 to 2.8 mEq/L; P   =   .05). Conclusions and Relevance: Our study results support the notion that isotonic maintenance fluid administration is safe in general pediatric @entity1 and may result in fewer cases of @entity2753 . Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00632775.

title: XXXX Intravenous Maintenance Fluids: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity2421 :: (MESH:D009123,Disease) :: ['Comparison of Isotonic and Hypotonic']


abstract: @entity320 is an aggressive @entity5 , and early diagnosis can reduce mortality in such @entity1 . Diagnosis may be delayed in @entity5 . We present one such case, a 35-year-old lady with a rapidly growing mass over the right angle of mandible. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was done, and smears showed discretely arranged large epithelioid cells with high N:C ratio, prominent single to multiple nucleoli. Occasional binucleated and multinucleated @entity5 giant cells were also noted. Poorly differentiated @entity189 , high-grade @entity1893 , @entity5701 , and @entity242 were included as differential diagnoses. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) revealed Melan-A/ @entity3059 positivity in some cells and S-100 positivity in most @entity5 cells. @entity2283 , pancytokeratin, and leukocyte common antigen were negative. Based on cytomorphological features and ICC findings, a diagnosis of epithelioid variant of @entity5701 was rendered. Later on, true cut biopsy and histologic examination of excised specimen and adjunct immunohistochemistry with positive Melan-A and S-100 confirmed the diagnosis.

title: Cytodiagnosis of epithelioid malignant XXXX (amelanotic) and diagnostic dilemmas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'amelanotic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity2967 ( @entity2967 ) are rare benign soft tissue @entity5 affecting mostly young adults. The most common affected sites include the knee, ankle, elbow, shoulder, and fingers. The temporomandibular joint is occasionally affected. Herein, we report a case of a 31-year-old Caucasian male who presented clinically with a parotid gland mass. The initial clinical and radiological work-up failed to reveal any involvement of the adjacent temporomandibular joint. Fine-needle aspiration revealed a cellular @entity5 composed of mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells with @entity82 and @entity527 . This was subsequently found to be a @entity2967 arising from the temporomandibular joint. Giant cell-rich lesions are uncommon in salivary glands. Herein, we describe the cytomorphology and clinico-radiographic features of this @entity5 with emphasis on the differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions presenting in salivary glands. Despite its rare occurrence, this entity should be considered when giant cells are prominent in specimens acquired from this location.

title: XXXX presenting as a parotid gland mass: Expanding the differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions in salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['hemosiderin deposition']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['TGCT', 'Tenosynovial giant cell tumors']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Tenosynovial giant cell tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: To report a rare coexistence of @entity5123 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland and @entity6875 in a Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: Case report of clinical features and imaging findings, orbitalsurgery, and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: A Chinese @entity1 (48 years old) with @entity1378 showed a gradually growing mass in the lateral region of the left upper eyelid that was present for 4 years and bilateral proptosis for 5 years. There was a slightly lower eyelid retraction in both eyes. Proptosis was 20 mm in the right eye and 22 mm in the left. A well-defined, nontender mass was palpable in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a rounded homogenous mass measuring 14.1 * 13.2 mm in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye and enlarged superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles in both eyes. At surgery, a grayish-white round mass was observed after removal of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of a pleomorphic @entity652 and @entity6875 may indicate a @entity5123 likely due to an unknown @entity792 .

title: XXXX Arising From the Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland in a @entity1 With @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the lacrimal gland']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphic Adenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: To report a rare coexistence of @entity5123 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland and @entity6875 in a Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: Case report of clinical features and imaging findings, orbitalsurgery, and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: A Chinese @entity1 (48 years old) with @entity1378 showed a gradually growing mass in the lateral region of the left upper eyelid that was present for 4 years and bilateral proptosis for 5 years. There was a slightly lower eyelid retraction in both eyes. Proptosis was 20 mm in the right eye and 22 mm in the left. A well-defined, nontender mass was palpable in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a rounded homogenous mass measuring 14.1 * 13.2 mm in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye and enlarged superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles in both eyes. At surgery, a grayish-white round mass was observed after removal of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of a pleomorphic @entity652 and @entity6875 may indicate a @entity5123 likely due to an unknown @entity792 .

title: @entity5123 Arising From the Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland in a @entity1 With XXXX .

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: To report a rare coexistence of @entity5123 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland and @entity6875 in a Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: Case report of clinical features and imaging findings, orbitalsurgery, and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: A Chinese @entity1 (48 years old) with @entity1378 showed a gradually growing mass in the lateral region of the left upper eyelid that was present for 4 years and bilateral proptosis for 5 years. There was a slightly lower eyelid retraction in both eyes. Proptosis was 20 mm in the right eye and 22 mm in the left. A well-defined, nontender mass was palpable in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a rounded homogenous mass measuring 14.1 * 13.2 mm in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye and enlarged superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles in both eyes. At surgery, a grayish-white round mass was observed after removal of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of a pleomorphic @entity652 and @entity6875 may indicate a @entity5123 likely due to an unknown @entity792 .

title: @entity5123 Arising From the Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland in a XXXX With @entity6875 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity3092 ( @entity29278 ) is one of the most widely occurring @entity3088 ingested by @entity1 in food. It has been shown to be mutagenic in prokaryotes as well as in in vitro @entity1 cell lines. In view of the unavoidability of ingesting it via a normal diet, there is a need to assess the potential genetic risk to @entity1 , due to @entity3096 ingestion, using whole animal assays. Dominant lethal studies have been carried out in adult Swiss male @entity19 and @entity35 male @entity35 to investigate the germinal effects of @entity3092 . Adult Swiss males were treated with 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg of @entity3092 dissolved in 60% @entity3733 , intraperitoneally. In the @entity35 study, 200 and 300 mg/kg of @entity3092 were used. Individually caged males were paired with untreated females for a week and six sequential matings were carried out. Two independent experiments in @entity19 and a single experiment in @entity35 constituted the study. Females were evaluated for inducted dominant lethality during the midterm of pregnancy. At 200 mg/kg dose of @entity3092 , there were no significant differences between control and the test group in pregnancy, total or live implantations in @entity19 or @entity35 during the whole test period that could be attributed to the @entity3096 exposure. In @entity19 at 300 and 400 mg/kg of @entity3092 , there was a profound reduction in fertility of the males during all six matings. The number of total and live implantations also decreased, particularly at the 400 mg/kg dose, although the sample size was too small to be statistically significant. Contrary to this, the @entity35 study did not show any @entity73 , nor was there any substantial suppression of total and live implantations at the highest (300 mg/kg) dose tested. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups with regard to the number of dead implantations at any dosage level at any stage of the study in @entity19 and @entity35 . Thus, no post-implantation losses--a reliable measure of dominant lethal mutations--were induced by @entity3092 in @entity19 or @entity35 . The loss of fertility could be due to germinal @entity137 , @entity6660 or impairment of fertilizing ability of the treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies on germinal effects of @entity3092 , a naturally occurring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'man']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of fertility']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3096 :: (CHEBI:47916,Chemical) :: ['flavonoid']


abstract: @entity3092 ( @entity29278 ) is one of the most widely occurring @entity3088 ingested by @entity1 in food. It has been shown to be mutagenic in prokaryotes as well as in in vitro @entity1 cell lines. In view of the unavoidability of ingesting it via a normal diet, there is a need to assess the potential genetic risk to @entity1 , due to @entity3096 ingestion, using whole animal assays. Dominant lethal studies have been carried out in adult Swiss male @entity19 and @entity35 male @entity35 to investigate the germinal effects of @entity3092 . Adult Swiss males were treated with 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg of @entity3092 dissolved in 60% @entity3733 , intraperitoneally. In the @entity35 study, 200 and 300 mg/kg of @entity3092 were used. Individually caged males were paired with untreated females for a week and six sequential matings were carried out. Two independent experiments in @entity19 and a single experiment in @entity35 constituted the study. Females were evaluated for inducted dominant lethality during the midterm of pregnancy. At 200 mg/kg dose of @entity3092 , there were no significant differences between control and the test group in pregnancy, total or live implantations in @entity19 or @entity35 during the whole test period that could be attributed to the @entity3096 exposure. In @entity19 at 300 and 400 mg/kg of @entity3092 , there was a profound reduction in fertility of the males during all six matings. The number of total and live implantations also decreased, particularly at the 400 mg/kg dose, although the sample size was too small to be statistically significant. Contrary to this, the @entity35 study did not show any @entity73 , nor was there any substantial suppression of total and live implantations at the highest (300 mg/kg) dose tested. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups with regard to the number of dead implantations at any dosage level at any stage of the study in @entity19 and @entity35 . Thus, no post-implantation losses--a reliable measure of dominant lethal mutations--were induced by @entity3092 in @entity19 or @entity35 . The loss of fertility could be due to germinal @entity137 , @entity6660 or impairment of fertilizing ability of the treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies on germinal effects of XXXX , a naturally occurring @entity3096 .

answer: @entity3092 :: (MESH:D011794,Chemical) :: ['quercetin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nodal status is the most significant prognostic factor in @entity320 . No study has examined the relationship between lymphoscintigraphy, y probe counts, harvested nodes, and nodal status. METHODS: Two-hundred sixty two @entity1 were identified who underwent @entity1600 biopsy for @entity320 between 2001 and 2010. Clinicopathologic and treatment information was collected. The number of lymph nodes and basins demonstrated on lymphoscintigraphy was compared to those at surgery. y Probe counts were compared. RESULTS: Median age was 54.5 years (range, 18-90 years) with 52.3% male. Average Breslow depth was 2.0 (1.9) mm; 99.6% of lymphoscintigraphy studies identified at least 1 basin, 80% showed only 1 (range, 0-4). Lymphoscintigraphy identified on average 1.5 (0.9) sentinel nodes and 31% with secondary node. Surgery excised on average 2.6 (1.4) nodes involving 1.2 (0.5) basins; 17.6% had a positive @entity1600 . There was no difference in the sum or average of y counts between positive and negative @entity1600 groups (P = 0.2, P = 0.5). When comparing lymphoscintigraphy and surgical excision, the correlation of lymphatic basins was r = 0.67 and of lymph node numbers was r = 0.33. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoscintigraphy should be used to identify the proper lymphatic basins for a sentinel node procedure, however, the removal of nodes must continue until the background count is less than 10%. The correlation of lymph node number identified on lymphoscintigraphy to surgical excision is weak. y Probe counts cannot be used to differentiate positive from negative nodes and the positive lymph node is not always the hottest node.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for XXXX : Is There a Correlation of Preoperative Lymphatic Mapping With Sentinel Lymph Nodes Harvested?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the suggested link between @entity560 insufficiency and several @entity102 , attention should be given to approaches for improving @entity560 status. Elderly subjects are regarded as a high-risk group for developing an insufficient @entity560 status. Socioeconomic, dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors are considered as influencing factors, whereupon sex differences in predictors of @entity560 status are rarely investigated. The purpose of this study is to identify the main predictors of serum @entity14951 [ @entity14282 ] concentrations in elderly subjects by taking into account potential sex differences. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in 162 independently living German elderly aged 66 to 96  years. Serum @entity14282 concentrations were assessed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of @entity14282 concentrations stratified by sex. RESULTS: Median @entity14282 concentration was 64  nmol/L and none of the subjects had @entity14282 concentrations   <   25  nmol/L. In @entity1 , intact @entity461 (iPTH) (b   =   -0.323), % total body fat (b   =   -0.208), time spent outdoors (b   =   0.328), month of blood sampling (b   =   0.229) and intake of @entity560 supplements (b   =   0.172) were the predominant predictors of @entity14282 , whereas in @entity1 , iPTH (b   =   -0.254), smoking (b   =   -0.282), physical activity (b   =   0.336) and monthly household net income (b   =   0.302) predicted @entity14282 concentrations. The final regression models accounted for 30% and 32% of the variance in @entity14282 concentrations in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that @entity14282 concentrations are influenced by body composition, month of blood sampling, economic factors, lifestyle, supplement intake and iPTH, but may not be associated with age, sex, dietary factors, kidney function and presence of selected @entity102 in community-dwelling elderly. Furthermore, our results provide evidence for sex-specific determinants of the @entity560 status, which ought to be considered for preventive strategies.

title: Sex-specific determinants of serum XXXX concentrations in an elderly German cohort: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity14951 :: (MESH:D002112,Chemical) :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']


abstract: @entity370 is an idiopathic @entity66 with several clinical and roentgenographic features suggestive of @entity1729 . In the absence of @entity281 , it is characterized by the microscopic presence of noncaseating epithelioid @entity738 in affected tissues. When present, constitutional symptoms, @entity221 , coughing, and exertional @entity1353 usually develop insidiously, although occasionally Lofgren's syndrome--the triad of @entity3018 , @entity5406 and @entity625 --may herald the onset of @entity697 . @entity358 is the roentgenographic hallmark of @entity370 ; @entity3018 is the most common manifestation. However, parenchymal infiltrates and @entity1143 may occur. Although numerous bacterial and fungal organisms may mimic the clinical and roentgenographic features of @entity370 , @entity378 and @entity364 associated with @entity32 are the infectious processes most apt to cause diagnostic @entity911 . Several diagnostic clues are available to the clinician confronted with the consideration of @entity370 . @entity4310 (stage 0, normal radiograph; stage I, isolated @entity3018 ; stage II, hilar @entity3018 and parenchymal involvement; stage III, isolated parenchymal involvement; and stage IV, parenchymal @entity82 ) provides a framework on which a differential diagnosis of likely infectious agents may be constructed and a history of travel to regions of endemic @entity364 may further narrow the differential diagnosis. An unexplained exudative lymphocytic @entity1143 or @entity404 lymphocyte predominance in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid may also suggest a diagnosis of @entity370 . However, the definitive diagnosis of @entity370 is dependent upon the histological demonstration of noncaseating @entity738 and the exclusion of @entity281 in the appropriate clinical and roentgenographic setting.

title: Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a mimic of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy', 'bilateral hilar adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular arthritis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['Roentgenographic staging of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity75 are concomitant to dislocated @entity174 in a high percentage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of @entity75 . METHODS: Seventy eight of an original cohort of 104 @entity174 (74  %) were studied over a follow-up period of one year after surgery with complete data (X-rays, CT, MRI, follow-up X-rays and questionnaire). RESULTS: Most of our @entity174 ( @entity69917 ) present additional lesions: 97  %. One-year evaluation showed an average Castaing score of 4.5      2.5 points, means a "good" result of a scale of 0-27. Fifty five of seventy eight had an "excellent" or "good" result (<6 points). No @entity1 had more than 12 points ("fair"). CONCLUSIONS: The dislocated distal radial @entity174 implies severe and complex injury to the whole wrist, mostly concerning @entity75 (MRI). Surgical therapy of dislocated @entity174 followed by 6  weeks relief through thermoplastic splint seems to be sufficient to achieve good 1-year results. MRI-detectable carpal lesions at the time of the radial @entity174 are common, but only a few of them seem to decompensate later, give symptoms and became of therapeutic relevance.

title: 1-Year outcome of concomitant XXXX in @entity1 with dislocated distal radial fractures: a systematic assessment of 78 distal radial fractures.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Ligamentous lesions', 'intracarpal lesions', 'intracarpal concomitant lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fractures', 'fracture', 'radius fractures']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['intracarpal lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity75 are concomitant to dislocated @entity174 in a high percentage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of @entity75 . METHODS: Seventy eight of an original cohort of 104 @entity174 (74  %) were studied over a follow-up period of one year after surgery with complete data (X-rays, CT, MRI, follow-up X-rays and questionnaire). RESULTS: Most of our @entity174 ( @entity69917 ) present additional lesions: 97  %. One-year evaluation showed an average Castaing score of 4.5      2.5 points, means a "good" result of a scale of 0-27. Fifty five of seventy eight had an "excellent" or "good" result (<6 points). No @entity1 had more than 12 points ("fair"). CONCLUSIONS: The dislocated distal radial @entity174 implies severe and complex injury to the whole wrist, mostly concerning @entity75 (MRI). Surgical therapy of dislocated @entity174 followed by 6  weeks relief through thermoplastic splint seems to be sufficient to achieve good 1-year results. MRI-detectable carpal lesions at the time of the radial @entity174 are common, but only a few of them seem to decompensate later, give symptoms and became of therapeutic relevance.

title: 1-Year outcome of concomitant @entity75 in XXXX with dislocated distal radial fractures: a systematic assessment of 78 distal radial fractures.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed anatomic characteristics of 44 @entity1 with @entity3799 . OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to clarify the patterns of spinal cord expansion after decompression, their relationship to clinical recovery, and the capacity of the compressed spinal cord for restoration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No previous studies have clearly assessed the relationship between morphological changes of the spinal cord and clinical improvement after posterior decompression in @entity1 with @entity3799 using computerized tomography myelography and intraoperative spinal sonography. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity3799 underwent posterior decompression. The diagnosis was @entity4720 in 26 @entity1 and @entity3057 in 18 @entity1 . The cross-sectional area, sagittal diameter, and frontal diameter of the spinal cord at the level of maximum compression were determined by computerized tomography myelography (performed before and 1 month after decompression) and by intraoperative spinal sonography. RESULTS: Expansion of the spinal cord was defined as immediate or gradual. Of the 44 @entity1 , 20 demonstrated gradual expansion, and their clinical recovery rate was 68.4%. In contrast, the clinical recovery rate of @entity1 without gradual expansion was only 32.6%. Good clinical recovery was significantly related to gradual expansion. The @entity1 were divided into four groups (A-D) based on the clinical recovery rate and compression ratio. Group A (severe compression and poor clinical recovery) showed a significantly smaller cross-sectional area of the spinal cord than Group D (severe compression, but good clinical recovery). CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord, even when it is severely compressed and deformed, is an important factor in a good surgical outcome.

title: Spinal cord expansion after decompression in XXXX . Investigation by computed tomography myelography and ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical myelopathy']


abstract: Stress proteins are constitutively expressed in normal CNS tissues, in a variety of cell types (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons). Their function is uncertain but they may be critical during nervous system development and may protect cells from various stresses, such as @entity519 , @entity519 , and excessive excitatory stimulation. Increased amounts of stress proteins are expressed in various cells of the CNS during acute toxic-metabolic states and in more @entity102 . Increased expression of stress proteins may constitute a sensitive marker of cell injury. Antibodies to mycobacterial stress proteins bind to normal @entity1 myelin and to oligodendrocytes in regions of @entity17 . Cellular immune responses to stress proteins occur with increased frequency and magnitude in @entity1 with @entity15 , especially those with recent onset of disease. In addition, there are populations of T cells expressing gamma/delta T cells in the brains and CSF of @entity1 with @entity15 , suggesting an in situ immune response to @entity1879 . Humoral immune responses to stress proteins are found in CSF, but no disease specificity has been documented. Some myelin proteins have sequence homology with particular stress proteins. One instance is the homology between a peptide of mycobacterial @entity11217 and the myelin protein @entity11363 . Preliminary observations suggest that immune responses to such cross-reactive epitopes modify the course of EAE. All in all, these data support the hypothesis that an immune response to the stress proteins of an infectious agent could result in a cross-reactive immune response to CNS myelin, resulting in @entity17 . This may be an especially important mechanism in @entity15 .

title: Stress proteins: their role in the normal central nervous system and in disease states, especially XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'MS demyelination']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During early stages of postnatal development, pressure from the growing brain as well as cerebrospinal fluid, i.e. @entity428 ( @entity428 ), load the calvarial bones. It is likely that such loading contributes to the peripheral bone formation at the sutural edges of calvarial bones, especially shortly after birth when the brain is growing rapidly. The aim of this study was to quantify @entity428 during @entity19 development. A custom pressure monitoring system was developed and calibrated. It was then used to measure @entity428 in a total of seventy three wild type @entity19 at postnatal (P) day 3, 10, 20, 31 and 70. Retrospectively, the sample in each age group with the closest @entity428 to the average value was scanned using micro-computed tomography to estimate cranial growth. @entity428 increased from 1.33  0.87mmHg at P3 to 1.92  0.78mmHg at @entity14819 and 3.60  1.08mmHg at @entity5796 . In older animals, @entity428 plateaued at about 4mmHg. There were statistically significant differences between the @entity428 at the P3 vs. @entity5796 , and @entity14819 vs. @entity5796 . In the samples that were scanned, intracranial volume and skull length followed a similar pattern of increase up to @entity5796 and then plateaued at older ages. These data are consistent with the possibility of @entity428 being a contributing factor to bone formation at the sutures during early stages of development. The data can be further used for development and validation of computational models of skull growth.

title: Intracranial pressure changes during XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term results after one-, two-, and three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with stand-alone empty @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) cages. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive @entity1 cohort that underwent ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity12316 cages between 2007 and 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Radiographic follow-up included static and flexion/extension radiographs. Changes in the operated segments were measured and compared to radiographs directly after surgery. Clinical outcome was evaluated by a physical examination, @entity158 visual analog scale (VAS), and health-related quality of life (HRQL) using the EuroQOL questionnaire (EQ-5D). Analysis of associations between fusion, subsidence, cervical alignment, and clinical outcome parameters were performed. RESULTS: Of 407 consecutive cases, 318 met all inclusion criteria. Follow-up data were obtained from 265 (83 %) cases. The mean age at presentation was 55 years and 139 @entity1 were male (52 %). In the sample, 127, 125, and 13 @entity1 had one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively; 132 (49 %) presented with @entity3799 and 133 (50 %) with @entity614 . Fusion was achieved in 85, 95, and 94 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. Non-fusion was associated with higher @entity227 levels. Radiographic @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) was observed in 20, 29, and 15 % in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. @entity1347 was associated with lower HRQL. Subsidence was observed in 25, 27, and 15 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. However, this had no influence on clinical outcome. Follow-up operations for symptomatic adjacent @entity177 at index level were needed in 16 (6 %) and four (1.5 %) cases, respectively. Younger age was associated with better clinical outcome. Multilevel surgery favored better @entity602 outcomes and fusion reduced overall @entity158 . @entity1347 worsened EuroQOL-Index values. Worsening of the cervical alignment induced arm @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: One- and two-level ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity12316 cages achieved very high fusion rates and a low rate of follow-up operations. The rate of good clinical outcome is highly satisfactory. Younger age was the single most influential factor associated with better clinical outcome.

title: Clinical and radiological outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with stand-alone empty XXXX ( @entity12316 ) cages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent segment disease', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['disc disease and implant failure']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic cervical myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['polyetheretherketone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term results after one-, two-, and three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with stand-alone empty @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) cages. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive @entity1 cohort that underwent ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity12316 cages between 2007 and 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Radiographic follow-up included static and flexion/extension radiographs. Changes in the operated segments were measured and compared to radiographs directly after surgery. Clinical outcome was evaluated by a physical examination, @entity158 visual analog scale (VAS), and health-related quality of life (HRQL) using the EuroQOL questionnaire (EQ-5D). Analysis of associations between fusion, subsidence, cervical alignment, and clinical outcome parameters were performed. RESULTS: Of 407 consecutive cases, 318 met all inclusion criteria. Follow-up data were obtained from 265 (83 %) cases. The mean age at presentation was 55 years and 139 @entity1 were male (52 %). In the sample, 127, 125, and 13 @entity1 had one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively; 132 (49 %) presented with @entity3799 and 133 (50 %) with @entity614 . Fusion was achieved in 85, 95, and 94 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. Non-fusion was associated with higher @entity227 levels. Radiographic @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) was observed in 20, 29, and 15 % in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. @entity1347 was associated with lower HRQL. Subsidence was observed in 25, 27, and 15 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. However, this had no influence on clinical outcome. Follow-up operations for symptomatic adjacent @entity177 at index level were needed in 16 (6 %) and four (1.5 %) cases, respectively. Younger age was associated with better clinical outcome. Multilevel surgery favored better @entity602 outcomes and fusion reduced overall @entity158 . @entity1347 worsened EuroQOL-Index values. Worsening of the cervical alignment induced arm @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: One- and two-level ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity12316 cages achieved very high fusion rates and a low rate of follow-up operations. The rate of good clinical outcome is highly satisfactory. Younger age was the single most influential factor associated with better clinical outcome.

title: Clinical and radiological outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with stand-alone empty @entity12316 ( XXXX ) cages.

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['PEEK']


abstract: AIM: To assess the views and experience of the UK dentists specialising in paediatric dentistry (trainees) about molar @entity2349 (MIH) and compare the findings with the responses from a group of UK general dental practitioners. METHOD: A web-based questionnaire was sent to dentists undergoing specialist training in paediatric dentistry. The same questionnaire was completed by a group of general dentists who stated an interest in treating @entity1 , with various levels of experience. The questionnaire sought information on clinical experience and the views of the dentists on the impact of MIH on @entity1 and families. RESULTS: Specialty trainees (37) from different paediatric dental departments in the UK completed the online survey, giving a total response rate of 71  %. The questionnaire was also completed by 31 general dental practitioners. There was difficulty in distinguishing MIH from other conditions for both groups. Increased sensitivity of affected teeth was the most frequently encountered problem with 51  % of the trainees and 76  % of the dentists saying this was often or always a challenge. The trainees were particularly concerned about the @entity158 @entity1 experienced and about the appearance of the condition. Both groups felt that parental @entity148 occurred in almost all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups felt that MIH presents several clinical challenges and has a negative effect on the quality of life of the affected @entity1 and their families. There were significant differences in the views and perceptions between the two groups.

title: Molar XXXX : experience and perceived challenges among dentists specialising in paediatric dentistry and a group of general dental practitioners in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2349 :: ('MESH:C537342', 'Disease') :: ['incisor hypomineralisation']

answer: @entity2349 :: (MESH:C537342,Disease) :: ['incisor hypomineralisation']