abstract: BACKGROUND: We wished to assess the effect of three types of medication on verbal @entity2414 in @entity161 . METHOD: Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity161 and 40 healthy control subjects underwent a @entity2414 , including free recall, recognition and short-term memory span. All the @entity1 were on antipsychotic medication. In addition, 24 were taking anticholinergic drugs ( @entity5662 ) and 30 were taking @entity1245 . A subsample of 39 had clinical ratings for @entity308 . Regression analyses were conducted on the memory measures in this subsample, with negative symptoms, @entity308 , type of antipsychotic medication (conventional v. atypical), @entity1245 and anticholinergic drugs as predictors. RESULTS: Type of antipsychotic medication made no significant contribution to @entity2414 and @entity1245 use made very little contribution. However, anticholinergic medication was a predictor of @entity2414 , especially with regard to semantic organization. Complementary analyses revealed that @entity1 taking any type of drug with anticholinergic activity ( @entity5662 and/or antipsychotic agents) were significantly impaired relative to the other @entity1 on measures reflecting free recall efficiency and semantic organization. CONCLUSIONS: Drugs with anticholinergic activity are the major pharmacological agents that contribute to the verbal memory deficit observed in @entity1 with @entity161 . These drugs appear to act by impeding semantic organization at encoding.

title: Medications and verbal @entity2414 in XXXX : the role of anticholinergic drugs.

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: This paper focuses on developing a reproducible method for reducing @entity4959 scale formation on heated surfaces where scaling can cause serious problems. It is known that @entity4959 precipitation is sensitive to impurity ions, such as @entity68 and @entity219 , even at trace concentration levels. In this paper two sets of experiments are reported. The first experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of @entity219 , @entity920 and @entity68 dosing on @entity16415 nucleation and precipitation. Results from the experiments showed that the most effective inhibitor of @entity16415 precipitation was @entity219 and the effect was linked to dose levels and temperature. @entity920 and @entity68 had little effect on precipitation in the dose range investigated. The second trial was undertaken to translate the precipitation data to scale formation. These tests were undertaken at 70 degrees C. 5 mg x L(-1) @entity219 dose reduced the scale formation by 35%. The effect of @entity68 on @entity4959 scaling rate was not significant. The physical nature of the material on which the scale is formed also influences the scaling. The scaling experiment was also used to investigate the effect of different surface material (stainless steel, @entity920 and @entity5715 ) on @entity16415 scale formation. @entity920 surface scaled the most.

title: XXXX scale control, effect of material and inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity920 :: ('MESH:D003300', 'Chemical') :: ['copper', 'Copper']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity4959 :: (MESH:D002119,Chemical) :: ['Calcium carbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that positive psychosocial intervention improves the wellbeing of @entity5 @entity1 . Two meta-analyses conducted to date confirmed a significant small-to-moderate effect on quality of life. Previous randomized trials reported that psychosocial intervention also improved survival. However, more recent trials failed to detect a difference in survival. A systematic review of randomized trials that have examined the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention in @entity5 @entity1 in terms of survival prolongation was conducted. METHODS: Randomized trials published between 1966 and June 2002 were identified through the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CancerLit, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and reference lists of relevant articles. Relevant data were abstracted. The results of randomized trials were pooled using meta-analyses to estimate the effect of treatment on overall survival at one and four years in all @entity5 @entity1 and also in @entity0 @entity1 with @entity3 . RESULTS: Eight trials, which involved a total of 1062 @entity1 (all @entity5 histologies), were identified. One- and four-year overall survival rates were obtained from eight trials and six trials, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival rates at one and four years [P = 0.6; RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.72, 1.22)] and [P = 0.5; RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.77, 1.13)], respectively. Four trials examined 511 metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . Again, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival rates at one and four years [P = 0.3; RR 0.87 (95% CI 0.67, 1.14)] and [P = 0.3; RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.76, 1.10)], respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial intervention does not prolong survival in @entity5 . This meta-analysis can not rule out small effect sizes because of the small number of trials and small trial sizes.

title: Does psychosocial intervention improve survival in XXXX ? A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Concerns have been raised about a possible link between @entity5520 use, and in particular @entity561 , and @entity1820 . A number of epidemiological studies have been published with conflicting results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, to determine the risk of esophageal and @entity356 in users of @entity171 compared with non-users. DESIGN: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies investigating @entity171 and esophageal or @entity356 . We calculated pooled ORs and 95% CIs for the risk of esophageal or @entity356 in @entity5520 users compared with non-users. We performed a sensitivity analysis of @entity561 as this was the most common single drug studied and is also the most widely used in clinical practice. RESULTS: 11 studies (from 10 papers) examining @entity5520 exposure and @entity1820 (gastric and esophageal), met our inclusion criteria. All studies were retrospective, 6/11 (55%) case-control and 5/11(45%) cohort, and carried out using data from 5 longitudinal clinical databases. Combining 5 studies (1 from each database), we found no increased risk, OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.27) of @entity418 in @entity5520 users compared with non-users and no increased risk of @entity356 in @entity5520 users, OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.12). CONCLUSION: This is the fourth and most detailed meta-analysis on this topic. We have not identified any compelling evidence for a significantly raised risk of @entity418 or @entity356 in male and female @entity1 prescribed @entity171 .

title: @entity171 and evidence for association with esophageal and XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['UGI cancer', 'upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Concerns have been raised about a possible link between @entity5520 use, and in particular @entity561 , and @entity1820 . A number of epidemiological studies have been published with conflicting results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, to determine the risk of esophageal and @entity356 in users of @entity171 compared with non-users. DESIGN: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies investigating @entity171 and esophageal or @entity356 . We calculated pooled ORs and 95% CIs for the risk of esophageal or @entity356 in @entity5520 users compared with non-users. We performed a sensitivity analysis of @entity561 as this was the most common single drug studied and is also the most widely used in clinical practice. RESULTS: 11 studies (from 10 papers) examining @entity5520 exposure and @entity1820 (gastric and esophageal), met our inclusion criteria. All studies were retrospective, 6/11 (55%) case-control and 5/11(45%) cohort, and carried out using data from 5 longitudinal clinical databases. Combining 5 studies (1 from each database), we found no increased risk, OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.27) of @entity418 in @entity5520 users compared with non-users and no increased risk of @entity356 in @entity5520 users, OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.12). CONCLUSION: This is the fourth and most detailed meta-analysis on this topic. We have not identified any compelling evidence for a significantly raised risk of @entity418 or @entity356 in male and female @entity1 prescribed @entity171 .

title: XXXX and evidence for association with esophageal and @entity356 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['Bisphosphonates']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate how @entity1 , during the 2  years following @entity0 surgery, rate importance of work and vocational satisfaction, and baseline factors associated with rating over time. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 692 @entity1 aged 20-63 included about 4  weeks after a first @entity0 surgery. Register data on treatment and data from six repeated questionnaires during a 2-year follow-up (at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24  months) were used in two-way mixed repeated analysis of variance and mixed repeated measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The @entity1 rated importance of work (m   =   3.74; sd 0.88) (maximum 5) and vocational satisfaction (m   =   4.30; sd 1.38) (maximum 6) high during the 2  years. @entity1 with planned chemotherapy rated lower vocational satisfaction and especially so at 4  months after inclusion (F 1, 498   =   8.20; p   =   0.004). Higher age, better physical, and mental/social work ability at baseline influenced rating of vocational satisfaction. Supportive colleagues was an important covariate that significantly affected ratings of importance of work as well as vocational satisfaction, i.e., @entity1 with better support rated on average higher on these outcomes. The effect of chemotherapy disappeared after including the abovementioned baseline covariates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in the following 2  years rate importance of work and vocational satisfaction high, which are associated to lower work ability and social support. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Work is a very important aspect in life also after a @entity5 diagnosis, which has to be acknowledged when discussing treatment and rehabilitation plans with @entity1 with @entity0 . Furthermore, workplace support needs to be assessed as this is an influential factor.

title: Changes in importance of work and vocational satisfaction during the 2  years after XXXX surgery and factors associated with this.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Skin @entity6509 is a chronic @entity32 affecting up to 10% of the population in some European countries. Although considered a @entity272 , @entity6509 may involve the eyes, causing eyelid and ocular surface @entity32 . This study investigated the relationship between @entity272 and various signs of @entity2194 and evaluated severity of @entity409 in @entity6509 @entity1 . METHODS: The ocular surface and meibomian gland parameters were evaluated in 41 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity272 and 44 age-matched healthy controls. We analyzed meibomian gland function (meibum quality and meibum expressibility) and morphology (meibography) and lid margin alterations. We correlated our findings with self-reported ocular symptoms and @entity2526 (tear film breakup time, Schirmer test). RESULTS: The prevalence of ocular erythema and lid margin alterations was significantly higher in @entity6509 @entity1 compared with controls. We found that @entity6509 is accompanied with significant loss of meibomian gland tissue defined as reduced meibomian gland area and decreased meibomian gland density. A positive correlation between margin abnormality score and the extent of meibomian gland loss in @entity6509 group was observed (rs = +0.30, p = 0.005), suggesting that @entity6509 is accompanied by meibomian gland dropout. CONCLUSION: Skin @entity6509 is associated with ocular erythema and lid margin abnormalities. Our results suggest that ocular signs of @entity6509 may influence meibomian gland morphology, causing meibomian gland loss.

title: Morphological and Functional Evaluation of XXXX in Rosacea @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular involvement']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['tear film abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin rosacea']

entities_list: @entity6509 :: ('MESH:D012393', 'Disease') :: ['acne rosacea', 'ocular rosacea', 'rosacea']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Meibomian Gland Dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Skin @entity6509 is a chronic @entity32 affecting up to 10% of the population in some European countries. Although considered a @entity272 , @entity6509 may involve the eyes, causing eyelid and ocular surface @entity32 . This study investigated the relationship between @entity272 and various signs of @entity2194 and evaluated severity of @entity409 in @entity6509 @entity1 . METHODS: The ocular surface and meibomian gland parameters were evaluated in 41 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity272 and 44 age-matched healthy controls. We analyzed meibomian gland function (meibum quality and meibum expressibility) and morphology (meibography) and lid margin alterations. We correlated our findings with self-reported ocular symptoms and @entity2526 (tear film breakup time, Schirmer test). RESULTS: The prevalence of ocular erythema and lid margin alterations was significantly higher in @entity6509 @entity1 compared with controls. We found that @entity6509 is accompanied with significant loss of meibomian gland tissue defined as reduced meibomian gland area and decreased meibomian gland density. A positive correlation between margin abnormality score and the extent of meibomian gland loss in @entity6509 group was observed (rs = +0.30, p = 0.005), suggesting that @entity6509 is accompanied by meibomian gland dropout. CONCLUSION: Skin @entity6509 is associated with ocular erythema and lid margin abnormalities. Our results suggest that ocular signs of @entity6509 may influence meibomian gland morphology, causing meibomian gland loss.

title: Morphological and Functional Evaluation of @entity409 in Rosacea XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity195 is not a @entity74 . Etiologically, two different types or even diseases exist: inheritance in 5% to 10% of all Alzheimer cases versus 90% to 95% AD cases whith @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Different susceptibility genes along with adult lifestyle risk-factors- in the case of @entity5 the risk factor aging- may be assumed to cause the @entity74 . There is evidence that a disturbance in the insulin signal transduction pathway may be a central and early pathophysiologic event in @entity5 . Both, hypercortisolemia and increased adrenergic activity, in both old age and @entity5 may render the function of the neuronal insulin receptor vulnerable resulting in a diminished production of @entity855 . The reduced availability of @entity855 may damage the function of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus/trans Golgi network generating misfolded and malfolded proteins retained in the cell. In @entity5 , amyloid precursor protein is found to accumulate intracellularly thus not representing the cause but a driving force in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . Additionally, both disturbed insulin signaling and reduced @entity855 forward the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Thus, abnormalities in oxidative brain metabolism lead to the formation of two main morphologic hallmarks of @entity5 : senile plaques and @entity3072 . Therefore, the therapeutic goal in @entity5 should be the improvement of the neuronal energy state. Findings from both basic and clinical studies showed that @entity4044 extract ( @entity12689 ) may be appropiate to approach that goal.

title: Causes and consequences of disturbances of cerebral glucose metabolism in sporadic XXXX : therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SAD', 'sporadic origin']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['single disorder', 'latter disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Before the advent of antituberculous chemotherapy, thoracoplasty (TPL) was the definitive form of therapy for @entity1907 . This study aimed to characterize the late functional sequelae of TPL, and to establish the degree of reversibility of any consequent @entity1224 . METHODOLOGY: Pulmonary function was studied in 21 long-term (mean 35 years) survivors of TPL between the years 1990-2001. RESULTS: A mixed obstructive/restrictive defect was found in this @entity1 cohort. After inhalation of bronchodilator, marginal increases in FEV(1) and FVC and marginal decreases in FRC, RV and TLC were observed. Maximum mid-expiratory flow rate was severely reduced (28.8% of predicted), but reversibility after inhaled beta(2)-agonist was highest for this parameter of pulmonary function (mean 11%). Smokers had a higher RV (P = 0.04), suggesting hyperinflation, while non-smokers had a larger increase in FEV(1)/FVC ratio postbronchodilator (P = 0.004), suggesting more marked reversibility of @entity1224 in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survivors of TPL have an obstructive as well as a restrictive @entity1576 . These @entity1 have partial reversibility of the obstructive defect. The degree of reversibility found suggests that bronchodilator therapy may help these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in survivors of thoracoplasty: reversibility is greater in non-smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory defect']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['Airways obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory cytokines modulate immune responses in the @entity5 microenvironment during progression. The role of @entity4155 ) in @entity5 is currently under debate. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) and the relationship with @entity5 progression and known prognostic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity788 were investigated. Serum samples were obtained on first admission before treatment and follow-up. Both serum @entity4155 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Age- and sex-matched 35 healthy controls were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 61  years, range 38-84  years; 21 (60  %) @entity1 were @entity1 . The @entity5 was located in the head of pancreas in 24 (69  %) @entity1 . The most common metastatic site was liver in 20 @entity1 with @entity3 (n   =   18, 90  %). The median follow-up time was 24.0  weeks (range 1.0-191.0  weeks). At the end of the observation period, 12 (34  %) @entity1 experienced disease progression and 23 @entity1 (66  %) were dead. Forty-four percent of 18 metastatic @entity1 who received palliative chemotherapy (CTx) were CTx-responsive. Median progression-free survival and overall survival of the whole group were 13.7        2.3  weeks [95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   9-18  weeks] and 48.0        12.8  weeks (95  % CI   =   23-73  weeks), respectively. The baseline serum @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity788 than in the control group (p   =   0.001). Moreover, serum @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 with large pathologic @entity5 status and low albumin levels (p   =   0.04 and p   =   0.03, respectively). However, serum @entity4155 assays had no prognostic roles on outcome. CONCLUSION: Although serum levels of @entity4155 assays were found to be diagnostic value, no predictive and prognostic value was determined in @entity788 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of Serum @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) Levels as a Diagnostic Marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory cytokines modulate immune responses in the @entity5 microenvironment during progression. The role of @entity4155 ) in @entity5 is currently under debate. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) and the relationship with @entity5 progression and known prognostic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity788 were investigated. Serum samples were obtained on first admission before treatment and follow-up. Both serum @entity4155 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Age- and sex-matched 35 healthy controls were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 61  years, range 38-84  years; 21 (60  %) @entity1 were @entity1 . The @entity5 was located in the head of pancreas in 24 (69  %) @entity1 . The most common metastatic site was liver in 20 @entity1 with @entity3 (n   =   18, 90  %). The median follow-up time was 24.0  weeks (range 1.0-191.0  weeks). At the end of the observation period, 12 (34  %) @entity1 experienced disease progression and 23 @entity1 (66  %) were dead. Forty-four percent of 18 metastatic @entity1 who received palliative chemotherapy (CTx) were CTx-responsive. Median progression-free survival and overall survival of the whole group were 13.7        2.3  weeks [95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   9-18  weeks] and 48.0        12.8  weeks (95  % CI   =   23-73  weeks), respectively. The baseline serum @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity788 than in the control group (p   =   0.001). Moreover, serum @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 with large pathologic @entity5 status and low albumin levels (p   =   0.04 and p   =   0.03, respectively). However, serum @entity4155 assays had no prognostic roles on outcome. CONCLUSION: Although serum levels of @entity4155 assays were found to be diagnostic value, no predictive and prognostic value was determined in @entity788 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of Serum XXXX ( @entity4155 ) Levels as a Diagnostic Marker in @entity788 .

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-17']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory cytokines modulate immune responses in the @entity5 microenvironment during progression. The role of @entity4155 ) in @entity5 is currently under debate. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) and the relationship with @entity5 progression and known prognostic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity788 were investigated. Serum samples were obtained on first admission before treatment and follow-up. Both serum @entity4155 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Age- and sex-matched 35 healthy controls were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 61  years, range 38-84  years; 21 (60  %) @entity1 were @entity1 . The @entity5 was located in the head of pancreas in 24 (69  %) @entity1 . The most common metastatic site was liver in 20 @entity1 with @entity3 (n   =   18, 90  %). The median follow-up time was 24.0  weeks (range 1.0-191.0  weeks). At the end of the observation period, 12 (34  %) @entity1 experienced disease progression and 23 @entity1 (66  %) were dead. Forty-four percent of 18 metastatic @entity1 who received palliative chemotherapy (CTx) were CTx-responsive. Median progression-free survival and overall survival of the whole group were 13.7        2.3  weeks [95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   9-18  weeks] and 48.0        12.8  weeks (95  % CI   =   23-73  weeks), respectively. The baseline serum @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity788 than in the control group (p   =   0.001). Moreover, serum @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 with large pathologic @entity5 status and low albumin levels (p   =   0.04 and p   =   0.03, respectively). However, serum @entity4155 assays had no prognostic roles on outcome. CONCLUSION: Although serum levels of @entity4155 assays were found to be diagnostic value, no predictive and prognostic value was determined in @entity788 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of Serum @entity4155 ( XXXX ) Levels as a Diagnostic Marker in @entity788 .

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature has consistently shown that extreme social-economic groups predicted @entity6 ( @entity6 ), rather than summarising the social gradient throughout all society stratification. Body mass index (BMI) was established as the principal mediator, with little support for other anthropometries. Our aim was to investigate an individual life-course social position (LiSoP) gradient and its mediators with @entity6 risk in the EPIC-Spain cohort. METHODS: 36 296 @entity1 (62% @entity1 ), mostly aged 30-65 years, and free of @entity6 at baseline (1992-1996) were followed up for a mean of 12.1 years. A combined score of paternal occupation in childhood and own adult education assessed individual life-course social risk accumulation. Hazard ratios of @entity6 were estimated using Cox regression, stratifying by centre and age, and adjusting for different explanatory models, including anthropometric indices; dietary history; smoking and physical activity lifestyles; and clinical information. RESULTS: Final models evidenced significant risks in excess of 63% for middle and 90% for lower classes of LiSoP in @entity1 ; and of 104 and 126%, respectively, in @entity1 . Concurrently, LiSoP presented significant social gradients for @entity6 risk (P < 0.01) in both sexes. Waist circumference (WC) accounted for most of the risk excess in @entity1 , and BMI and WC in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: LiSoP gradient was related to @entity6 risk in Spanish @entity1 and @entity1 . WC mostly explained the relationship in both genders, together with BMI in @entity1 , yet LiSoP retained an independent effect in final models.

title: Life-course social position, obesity and XXXX risk in the EPIC-Spain Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Histological evaluation of intestinal biopsies for the diagnosis of @entity66 can be challenging and compatible with risk of misdiagnosis. The aim was to evaluate the agreement of pathological diagnosis for @entity66 in @entity1 investigated at four major paediatric university hospitals in Sweden. Materials and methods Intestinal duodenal biopsies were collected from 402 @entity1 at median 9.7 years (1.4-18.3 years). A pathologist at each hospital performed the primary evaluation. A designated pathologist, blinded to the primary evaluation, performed a second Marsh classification of biopsies (M0 to M3c) taken from the bulb and duodenum separately. Kappa (k) scores between first and second evaluation determined the agreement. Plasma samples were collected at the day of intestinal biopsy and analysed for @entity8265 autoantibodies (tTGA) using radioligand-binding assays. Results Marsh scores were concordant in 229/356 biopsies (64%, k   =   0.52, p   <   0.0001). Among discordant results, 15/127 (12%) showed M0 in distal duodenum but >=    M2 in the bulb, whereas the opposite was true for 8/127 (6%) of the biopsies. There were fewer collected duodenal biopsies, more missing bulb biopsies and missing CD3 staining among discordant evaluations. The second evaluation revealed a Marsh score compliant with @entity66 in 22 @entity1 of whom seven @entity1 were tTGA positive. Conclusions The variation between university hospitals on the pathological evaluation of biopsies may lead to misdiagnosis of @entity66 in paediatric @entity1 . Access to clinical and endoscopic information as well as tTGA levels may be useful for the pathologist to complement the evaluation in dubious cases.

title: Validity of histology for the diagnosis of XXXX : a Swedish multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['paediatric coeliac disease']


abstract: Many studies have shown that the B-type natriuretic peptides ( @entity3876 and NT-proBNP) are proven diagnostic markers for @entity712 due to @entity1002 . The manner in which they are to be used is still being unravelled; most single centre studies have chosen the best concentration of the peptide on ROC analysis as their cut-point resulting in numerous different values for both @entity3876 and NT-proBNP appearing in the literature. We report a different approach of defining an age and sex corrected abnormal concentration for NT-proBNP, derived from normal individuals within a large sample of 3051 subjects pooled from three European epidemiology studies and applying that to the entire population to detect HF and LVD. Three thousand and fifty one subjects were studied. Of these 10% (305) had significant LVD and 3.1% (94) had HF. The median concentrations of NT-proBNP (IQR) in normals, those with LVD and in @entity712 subjects were 20 pg/ml (10.30), 117.3 pg/ml (28.145) and 269.6 pg/ml (54.323), P<0.001, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for NT-proBNP for the detection of ' @entity712 ' was 0.85 and 0.69 for LVD. NT-proBNP was an independent predictor of the presence of HF on multivariate analysis. An abnormal NT-proBNP was defined as being >95th centile for normals, age and sex corrected, and diagnosed HF with a sensitivity of 75% and a negative predictive value of 99%. In an additional analysis in a breathless subgroup of our population, in 30% a raised NT-proBNP concentration could be explained by HF due to LVD, in another 64% the high @entity3876 level was associated with some other structural of functional @entity299 or @entity8 . We were unable to assign a possible cause to the high NT-proBNP values in 5.9% of this breathless subgroup of the population. An abnormal NT-proBNP concentration is an accurate diagnostic test both for the exclusion of HF in the population and in ruling out LVD in breathless subjects. An elevated NT-proBNP merely indicates the presence of ' @entity8 ' and should prompt referral for further investigation.

title: NT-proBNP and the diagnosis of XXXX : a pooled analysis of three European epidemiological studies.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'cardio-renal distress']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conclusion @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) specially processed cereals (SPC) were not shown to significantly improve the functional level in @entity1 with @entity601 . Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity4059 -inducing SPC in @entity1 suffering from @entity195 ( @entity601 ). Methods A randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study was conducted. All @entity1 had a 2 months intake of SPC and control cereal with a 2 months washout period in between. The severity of @entity601 was classified according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AOO-HNS) functional scale, and the frequency of attacks was registered. Results Thirty-two @entity1 completed the study. No carryover effect was found. In both functional level and frequency of attacks no significant effect of SPC was found. Seventeen @entity1 showed improvement in functional level when treated with SPC (mean improvement   =   0.9 points) and 14 when treated with placebo (mean improvements   =   0.7 points). No @entity1 showed worsening in functional level during treatment with SPC, but three showed worsening when treated with placebo. Seventeen @entity1 reported fewer attacks when treated with SPC, and 22 when treated with placebo. Three @entity1 reported more frequent attacks when treated with SPC, and three when treated with placebo. A non-parametric comparison and a parametric analysis supported the findings.

title: Antisecretory therapy with no improvement in functional level in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'Antisecretory factor-inducing']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['M  ni  re's disease']


abstract: In this study, we examined the bacterial constituents associated with the complement C5b-9 complex in detergent extracts from serum-treated @entity6368 (GC). 125I surface-labeled GC were incubated in 10% serum, were washed, and were solubilized in the zwitterionic @entity59179 detergent @entity45354 . Immunoprecipitation of 125I-GC from the extract with anti-C5 Sepharose was followed by 12.5% @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis autoradiography of immunoprecipitated material. @entity2975 gel analysis of surface-labeled 125I-GC showed prominent bands for proteins I and III for both serum-resistant GC strain 6305 and serum-sensitive GC strain 7189. These same bands were visible with similar intensity in the @entity45354 extracts from presensitized and non-presensitized 6305 and 7189 after serum incubation. For those organisms bearing bactericidal C5b-9 (6305 + IgG and 7189 +/- IgG), additional distinctive bands immunoprecipitated with antibody to C5 Sepharose. These components were of 93,000, 44,000 40,000, and 15,000 daltons for 6305 + IgG, and were of 90,000, 50,000, 44,000, and 19,000 daltons for 7189 +/- IgG. Nonbactericidal C5b-9 extracted from the surface of 6305 incubated in serum, but not sensitized with antibody, was not associated with these distinctive proteins. However, this nonbactericidal C5b-9 did have a different pattern of associated bacterial surface constituents from that observed in control samples incubated with antibody to human serum albumin, which were similar to those with nonserum-incubated organisms. These studies support our earlier experiments which demonstrated that C5b-9 is in a different molecular configuration on the surface of serum-resistant GC from that on the surface of serum-sensitive GC or resistant GC rendered sensitive with bactericidal antibody.

title: Bactericidal but not nonbactericidal C5b-9 is associated with distinctive outer membrane proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity59179 :: ('MESH:C483727', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfobetaine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'Polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lining layer of the synovial membrane in the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) contains two types of lining cells: macrophage-like type A and fibroblast-like type B cells. The type B cells are particularly heterogeneous in their morphology and immunoreactivity, so that details of their functions remain unclear. Some of the type B cells exhibit certain resemblances in their ultrastructure to those of an activated capillary pericyte at the initial stage of the angiogenesis. The articular surface, composed of cartilage and the disc in the @entity1348 , has few vasculatures, whereas the synovial lining layer is richly equipped with blood capillaries to produce the constituent of synovial fluid. The present study investigated at both the light and electron microscopic levels the immunocytochemical characteristics of the synovial lining cells in the adult @entity35 @entity1348 , focusing on their contribution to the synovial vascularization. It also employed an intravascular perfusion with @entity523 ( @entity523 ) lectin to identify functional vessels in  vivo. Results showed that several type B cells expressed @entity10944 , a muscle-specific intermediate filament which is known as the earliest protein to appear during myogenesis as well as being a marker for the immature capillary pericyte. These @entity10944 -positive type B cells showed immunoreactions for @entity7229 and pericyte markers (neuron-glial 2; @entity26659 and @entity13963 ) but not for the other markers of myogenic cells (MyoD and @entity9431 ) or a contractile apparatus (aSMA and caldesmon). Immunoreactivity for RECA-1, an endothelial marker, was observed in the macrophage-like type A cells. The arterioles and venules inside the synovial folds extended numerous capillaries with RECA-1-positive endothelial cells and @entity10944 -positive pericytes to distribute densely in the lining layer. The distal portion of these capillaries showing RECA-1-immunoreactivity lacked lectin-staining, indicating a loss of blood-circulation due to sprouting or termination in the lining layer. The @entity10944 -positive type B and RECA-1-positive type A cells attached to this portion of the capillaries. Some capillaries in the lining layer also expressed @entity35420 , a marker for sprouting endothelial cells, called tip cells. Since an activated pericyte, macrophage and tip cell are known to act together at the forefront of the vessel sprout during angiogenesis, the @entity10944 -positive type B cell and RECA-1-positive type A cell might serve as these angiogenic cells in the synovial lining layer. @entity523 lectin perfusion following decalcification would be a highly useful tool for research on the vasculature of the mineralized tissue. Use of this technique combined with immunohistochemistry should permit future extensive investigations on the presence of the physiological angiogenesis and on the function of the lining cells in the synovial membrane.

title: Contribution of synovial lining cells to synovial vascularization of the @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Tomato']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lining layer of the synovial membrane in the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) contains two types of lining cells: macrophage-like type A and fibroblast-like type B cells. The type B cells are particularly heterogeneous in their morphology and immunoreactivity, so that details of their functions remain unclear. Some of the type B cells exhibit certain resemblances in their ultrastructure to those of an activated capillary pericyte at the initial stage of the angiogenesis. The articular surface, composed of cartilage and the disc in the @entity1348 , has few vasculatures, whereas the synovial lining layer is richly equipped with blood capillaries to produce the constituent of synovial fluid. The present study investigated at both the light and electron microscopic levels the immunocytochemical characteristics of the synovial lining cells in the adult @entity35 @entity1348 , focusing on their contribution to the synovial vascularization. It also employed an intravascular perfusion with @entity523 ( @entity523 ) lectin to identify functional vessels in  vivo. Results showed that several type B cells expressed @entity10944 , a muscle-specific intermediate filament which is known as the earliest protein to appear during myogenesis as well as being a marker for the immature capillary pericyte. These @entity10944 -positive type B cells showed immunoreactions for @entity7229 and pericyte markers (neuron-glial 2; @entity26659 and @entity13963 ) but not for the other markers of myogenic cells (MyoD and @entity9431 ) or a contractile apparatus (aSMA and caldesmon). Immunoreactivity for RECA-1, an endothelial marker, was observed in the macrophage-like type A cells. The arterioles and venules inside the synovial folds extended numerous capillaries with RECA-1-positive endothelial cells and @entity10944 -positive pericytes to distribute densely in the lining layer. The distal portion of these capillaries showing RECA-1-immunoreactivity lacked lectin-staining, indicating a loss of blood-circulation due to sprouting or termination in the lining layer. The @entity10944 -positive type B and RECA-1-positive type A cells attached to this portion of the capillaries. Some capillaries in the lining layer also expressed @entity35420 , a marker for sprouting endothelial cells, called tip cells. Since an activated pericyte, macrophage and tip cell are known to act together at the forefront of the vessel sprout during angiogenesis, the @entity10944 -positive type B cell and RECA-1-positive type A cell might serve as these angiogenic cells in the synovial lining layer. @entity523 lectin perfusion following decalcification would be a highly useful tool for research on the vasculature of the mineralized tissue. Use of this technique combined with immunohistochemistry should permit future extensive investigations on the presence of the physiological angiogenesis and on the function of the lining cells in the synovial membrane.

title: Contribution of synovial lining cells to synovial vascularization of the XXXX @entity1348 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A healthy 14-month-old black @entity1 presented with a 3-week complaint of "knots" on the face and hands. The lesions were acute in onset and asymptomatic. Multiple, firm, nontender, skin-colored to erythematous nodules were noted on the scalp, forehead, axillae, lower legs, abdomen, and hands. A skin biopsy specimen revealed a well-circumscribed accumulation of @entity3558 in the @entity2363 . Colloidal @entity68 stain was positive. Radiographs showed soft tissue prominence only. Serum protein electrophoresis, thyroid function tests, complete blood count, sedimentation rate, and antinuclear antibody were normal, except for @entity6113 . Findings were consistent with self-healing juvenile cutaneous @entity11105 (SHJCM). SHJCM is a condition of unknown etiology characterized by rapid onset of asymptomatic, indurated papules or nodules. Affected @entity1 may have @entity4841 , but are otherwise well. Spontaneous resolution is the rule. Most @entity272 in our @entity1 had resolved within 6 months of onset. This @entity1 is unique because of the young age of onset.

title: Self-healing juvenile cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['reticular dermis']

answer: @entity11105 :: (MESH:D017520,Disease) :: ['mucinosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability of the data produced by an automated system for the surveillance of @entity580 . SETTING: A 906-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital. DESIGN: Three surveillance techniques were concurrently performed in seven high-risk units during an 11-week period: automated surveillance (AS) based on the prospective processing of computerized medical records; @entity2480 ( @entity2480 ) based on the retrospective verification by ward clinicians of weekly reports of positive bacteriologic results; and a @entity23561 ( @entity23561 ) consisting of the infection control team reviewing case records of @entity1 with positive bacteriology results. @entity2259 , @entity293 , and @entity1212 were recorded for all inpatients. The performances (sensitivity, specificity, and time consumption) of AS and @entity2480 were compared with those of @entity23561 . RESULTS: Of 548 positive bacteriology samples included during the study period, 229 (42%) were classified as @entity580 . The overall sensitivity was 91% and 59% for AS and @entity2480 , respectively. The two methods had the same overall specificity value (91%). Kappa measures of agreement were 0.81 and 0.54 for AS and @entity2480 , respectively. AS required less time to collect data (54 seconds per week per unit) compared with @entity2480 (7 minutes and 43 seconds per week per unit) and @entity23561 (37 minutes and 15 seconds per week per unit). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that the retrospective review of charts and laboratory data by physicians lacks sensitivity for the surveillance of @entity580 . The intranet-based automated method developed for this purpose was more accurate and less time-consuming than the weekly, retrospective @entity2480 method.

title: An intranet-based automated system for the surveillance of XXXX : prospective validation compared with physicians' self-reports.

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infections']

entities_list: @entity23561 :: ('MESH:D053591', 'Disease') :: ['reference standard', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['LBWS', 'laboratory-based ward surveillance']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: AIM: To describe the development of a @entity303 research registry, outlining the conceptual, practical and ethical challenges, and to report initial experiences of recruiting @entity1 with @entity303 to it from primary and secondary care. BACKGROUND: @entity1 , the oldest old and ethnic minorities have been under-represented in clinical trials in @entity303 . Such under-representation biases estimates of absolute effect, absolute harm and cost-effectiveness. Research on @entity303 should include @entity1 populations that more exactly reflect the population at risk. One of the impediments to this is the lack of a suitable tool for identification of @entity1 suitable for studies. CONSTRUCTION _ CONTENTS: A technology development methodology was used to develop a registry of @entity1 with @entity303 and their carers. This involved phases of modelling and prototype creation, 'bench testing' the prototype with experts and then 'field testing' the refined prototype in exemplar sites. The evaluation of the field testing described here is based on a case study methodology. UTILITY: This case study suggests that construction and population of a @entity303 research registry is feasible, but initial development is complex because of the ethical and organisational difficulties. Recruitment from primary care is particularly costly in terms of staff time and only identifies a very small number of @entity1 with @entity303 who were not already known to specialist services. Recruiting @entity1 with @entity303 through secondary care is a resource intensive process that takes up to six months to complete. Identifying the components of a minimum dataset was easy but its usefulness for pre-screening potential research populations has yet to be established. Acceptance rates are very high in the first clinic to recruit to the registry, but this may reflect the efforts of registry 'champions'. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Easier recruitment may perpetuate potential selection biases and we are not yet able to assess the representativeness of the research-ready population recruited to the registry. The need to recruit from wider populations, through primary and social care, remains. The success of this registry will be measured by the proportion of @entity1 from it who are recruited to research projects, and its impact on overall accrual to studies.

title: Developing a XXXX Research Registry: a descriptive case study from North Thames DeNDRoN and the EVIDEM programme.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'people']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1167 provoked by @entity302 is a rare but important complication in @entity302 and is supposed to be relevant to the pathogenesis of @entity944 ( @entity944 ). We sought to determine the frequency of this complication in a population of @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 and to analyze the correlation between EEG, electrocardiogram (ECG), and clinical features obtained from long-term video-EEG monitoring. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the clinical records of hospitalized @entity1 from May 1992 to June 2001 who underwent long-term video-/EEG monitoring. RESULTS: Of a total of 1,244 @entity1 , five @entity1 had @entity1167 in the course of ictal events. In these @entity1 , 11 @entity1167 events, between 4 and 60 s long in a total of 19 @entity410 , were registered. All @entity410 had a focal origin with simple partial @entity410 (n = 13), complex partial @entity410 (n = 4), and secondarily generalized @entity410 (n = 2). One @entity1 showed the longest @entity1167 ever reported (60 s) because of a @entity410 . @entity1167 occurred in two @entity1 with left-sided @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and in three @entity1 with @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ; two left-sided, one bifrontal). Two @entity1 reported previous @entity299 , but only one had a pathologic ECG by the time of admission. Two @entity1 had a simultaneous central ictal @entity386 during the @entity1167 . None of the @entity1 had @entity51 due to the @entity1167 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that @entity410 -induced @entity1167 is a rare complication. The event appeared only in focal @entity302 (frontal and temporal) with a lateralization to the left side. A newly diagnosed or known @entity299 could be a risk factor for ictal @entity1167 . Abnormally long postictal periods with altered consciousness might point to reduced cerebral perfusion during the event because of ictal @entity1167 . Central ictal @entity386 could be a frequent associated phenomenon.

title: @entity1167 in XXXX : clinical and neurophysiologic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SUDEP', 'sudden unexplained death in epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorder', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing deficits']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['FLE', 'frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac asystole', 'asystole', 'asystolic', 'Cardiac asystole']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1167 provoked by @entity302 is a rare but important complication in @entity302 and is supposed to be relevant to the pathogenesis of @entity944 ( @entity944 ). We sought to determine the frequency of this complication in a population of @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 and to analyze the correlation between EEG, electrocardiogram (ECG), and clinical features obtained from long-term video-EEG monitoring. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the clinical records of hospitalized @entity1 from May 1992 to June 2001 who underwent long-term video-/EEG monitoring. RESULTS: Of a total of 1,244 @entity1 , five @entity1 had @entity1167 in the course of ictal events. In these @entity1 , 11 @entity1167 events, between 4 and 60 s long in a total of 19 @entity410 , were registered. All @entity410 had a focal origin with simple partial @entity410 (n = 13), complex partial @entity410 (n = 4), and secondarily generalized @entity410 (n = 2). One @entity1 showed the longest @entity1167 ever reported (60 s) because of a @entity410 . @entity1167 occurred in two @entity1 with left-sided @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and in three @entity1 with @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ; two left-sided, one bifrontal). Two @entity1 reported previous @entity299 , but only one had a pathologic ECG by the time of admission. Two @entity1 had a simultaneous central ictal @entity386 during the @entity1167 . None of the @entity1 had @entity51 due to the @entity1167 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that @entity410 -induced @entity1167 is a rare complication. The event appeared only in focal @entity302 (frontal and temporal) with a lateralization to the left side. A newly diagnosed or known @entity299 could be a risk factor for ictal @entity1167 . Abnormally long postictal periods with altered consciousness might point to reduced cerebral perfusion during the event because of ictal @entity1167 . Central ictal @entity386 could be a frequent associated phenomenon.

title: XXXX in @entity302 : clinical and neurophysiologic features.

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac asystole']


abstract: Endothelial injury associated with @entity205 (CSA) therapy in the absence of rejection has resulted in irreversible @entity715 . Indium 111 (111In)-labeled platelet scanning is an effective way to identify those transplants that are at risk for acute loss. Two hundred prospective 111In scans were obtained (100 on allografts with normal function and 100 with transplant dysfunction of all causes). 111In scans in @entity1 with dose-dependent CSA nephrotoxicity (N = 58) and biopsy proved acute rejection (N = 22) were negative. Grossly abnormal scans (three to eight times greater than hepatic uptake) were noted in nine recipients identified as having a @entity1381 associated with CSA use. Accelerated allograft functional loss was irreversible in six @entity1 despite stopping CSA, systemic anticoagulation, increased @entity230 and antilymphocyte globulin, and infusion of fresh-frozen plasma. Three @entity1 with grossly positive 111In scans and clinical and laboratory parameters consistent with this syndrome were treated with cessation of CSA and intra-arterial infusion of streptokinase into the renal allograft followed by systemic heparinization. Normal transplant function was regained and continues at 1, 7, and 8 months after transplant. 111In-labeled platelet scanning can noninvasively identify this syndrome of @entity14309 and allow for early therapy to reverse it. Intrarenal arterial streptokinase therapy is a successful way to treat acute @entity14309 .

title: Identification and treatment of XXXX -associated allograft @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14309 :: ('MESH:D003057', 'Disease') :: ['CSA-associated arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['intrarenal allograft thrombosis and transplant loss']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Endothelial injury associated with @entity205 (CSA) therapy in the absence of rejection has resulted in irreversible @entity715 . Indium 111 (111In)-labeled platelet scanning is an effective way to identify those transplants that are at risk for acute loss. Two hundred prospective 111In scans were obtained (100 on allografts with normal function and 100 with transplant dysfunction of all causes). 111In scans in @entity1 with dose-dependent CSA nephrotoxicity (N = 58) and biopsy proved acute rejection (N = 22) were negative. Grossly abnormal scans (three to eight times greater than hepatic uptake) were noted in nine recipients identified as having a @entity1381 associated with CSA use. Accelerated allograft functional loss was irreversible in six @entity1 despite stopping CSA, systemic anticoagulation, increased @entity230 and antilymphocyte globulin, and infusion of fresh-frozen plasma. Three @entity1 with grossly positive 111In scans and clinical and laboratory parameters consistent with this syndrome were treated with cessation of CSA and intra-arterial infusion of streptokinase into the renal allograft followed by systemic heparinization. Normal transplant function was regained and continues at 1, 7, and 8 months after transplant. 111In-labeled platelet scanning can noninvasively identify this syndrome of @entity14309 and allow for early therapy to reverse it. Intrarenal arterial streptokinase therapy is a successful way to treat acute @entity14309 .

title: Identification and treatment of @entity205 -associated allograft XXXX .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: AIMS: DNA microsatellite instability is a well-known feature of @entity4309 ; however, its incidence in @entity1412 , is unclear. We report the frequency of microsatellite instability and other @entity74 in a group of Greek @entity1 with @entity1941 , in relation to various clinicopathological variables. METHODS: Thirty-four tissue specimens from 10 @entity1 with @entity1941 were studied. @entity124 was investigated at six loci: BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250 and @entity2534 poly(A) tract. @entity876 and @entity984 mutations were also examined. RESULTS: @entity124 was detected in two @entity420 from different @entity1 . Mutation percentages observed were: in @entity984 45% and 50% and in @entity876 14% and 58%, of @entity1941 @entity652 and @entity420 , respectively. No @entity984 or @entity876 mutations were determined in the two microsatellite instable @entity420 . CONCLUSION: @entity124 is detectable in a small proportion of @entity420 complicating @entity1941 . This minority of cases may constitute a distinct subgroup among @entity5 .

title: Detection of XXXX in @entity5 from Greek @entity1 with @entity1941 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['FAP neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'FAP adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic abnormalities']


abstract: AIMS: DNA microsatellite instability is a well-known feature of @entity4309 ; however, its incidence in @entity1412 , is unclear. We report the frequency of microsatellite instability and other @entity74 in a group of Greek @entity1 with @entity1941 , in relation to various clinicopathological variables. METHODS: Thirty-four tissue specimens from 10 @entity1 with @entity1941 were studied. @entity124 was investigated at six loci: BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250 and @entity2534 poly(A) tract. @entity876 and @entity984 mutations were also examined. RESULTS: @entity124 was detected in two @entity420 from different @entity1 . Mutation percentages observed were: in @entity984 45% and 50% and in @entity876 14% and 58%, of @entity1941 @entity652 and @entity420 , respectively. No @entity984 or @entity876 mutations were determined in the two microsatellite instable @entity420 . CONCLUSION: @entity124 is detectable in a small proportion of @entity420 complicating @entity1941 . This minority of cases may constitute a distinct subgroup among @entity5 .

title: Detection of @entity74 in @entity5 from Greek @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1941 :: (MESH:C567782,Disease) :: ['FAP']


abstract: AIMS: DNA microsatellite instability is a well-known feature of @entity4309 ; however, its incidence in @entity1412 , is unclear. We report the frequency of microsatellite instability and other @entity74 in a group of Greek @entity1 with @entity1941 , in relation to various clinicopathological variables. METHODS: Thirty-four tissue specimens from 10 @entity1 with @entity1941 were studied. @entity124 was investigated at six loci: BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250 and @entity2534 poly(A) tract. @entity876 and @entity984 mutations were also examined. RESULTS: @entity124 was detected in two @entity420 from different @entity1 . Mutation percentages observed were: in @entity984 45% and 50% and in @entity876 14% and 58%, of @entity1941 @entity652 and @entity420 , respectively. No @entity984 or @entity876 mutations were determined in the two microsatellite instable @entity420 . CONCLUSION: @entity124 is detectable in a small proportion of @entity420 complicating @entity1941 . This minority of cases may constitute a distinct subgroup among @entity5 .

title: Detection of @entity74 in XXXX from Greek @entity1 with @entity1941 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: AIMS: DNA microsatellite instability is a well-known feature of @entity4309 ; however, its incidence in @entity1412 , is unclear. We report the frequency of microsatellite instability and other @entity74 in a group of Greek @entity1 with @entity1941 , in relation to various clinicopathological variables. METHODS: Thirty-four tissue specimens from 10 @entity1 with @entity1941 were studied. @entity124 was investigated at six loci: BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250 and @entity2534 poly(A) tract. @entity876 and @entity984 mutations were also examined. RESULTS: @entity124 was detected in two @entity420 from different @entity1 . Mutation percentages observed were: in @entity984 45% and 50% and in @entity876 14% and 58%, of @entity1941 @entity652 and @entity420 , respectively. No @entity984 or @entity876 mutations were determined in the two microsatellite instable @entity420 . CONCLUSION: @entity124 is detectable in a small proportion of @entity420 complicating @entity1941 . This minority of cases may constitute a distinct subgroup among @entity5 .

title: Detection of @entity74 in @entity5 from Greek XXXX with @entity1941 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Adult brain subventricular zone progenitor cells undergo neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. We tested the hypothesis that cultured adult subventricular zone progenitor cells migrate and differentiate into neurons when transplanted into the adult striatum. Cells in the adult @entity35 subventricular zone were isolated and cultured for 8 days in medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor. These cells proliferated as assayed by @entity1603 immunostaining, and the majority of them were neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (TuJ1) immunoreactive at 8 days of culture. These cultured cells were labeled in vitro with @entity1603 or with lipophilic dye-coated particles and were transplanted into the adult @entity35 striatum. Twenty-eight days after transplantation, the cells migrated 0.5-1.5 mm from the midline of the graft to the surrounding host striatum. Migration of grafted cells in the host striatum was also detected on magnetic resonance imaging in living @entity35 . Morphological analysis revealed that many of these migrated cells exhibited multibranched processes from the cell soma resembling host medium-size striatal projection neurons. Only a few astrocyte-like cells were detected. Double immunostaining showed that many @entity1603 immunoreactive cells were @entity19744 or immunoreactive with a mouse monoclonal antibody against neuronal nuclear protein, whereas only a few @entity1603 immunoreactive cells had glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity. Morphology of @entity1603 and @entity19744 immunoreactive cells was similar to those of host @entity19744 immunoreactive cells. These results suggest that transplanted cultured adult subventricular zone progenitor cells can migrate and differentiate in response to guidance cues within the adult striatum.

title: Migration and differentiation of adult XXXX subventricular zone progenitor cells transplanted into the adult @entity35 striatum.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein 2']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Adult brain subventricular zone progenitor cells undergo neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. We tested the hypothesis that cultured adult subventricular zone progenitor cells migrate and differentiate into neurons when transplanted into the adult striatum. Cells in the adult @entity35 subventricular zone were isolated and cultured for 8 days in medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor. These cells proliferated as assayed by @entity1603 immunostaining, and the majority of them were neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (TuJ1) immunoreactive at 8 days of culture. These cultured cells were labeled in vitro with @entity1603 or with lipophilic dye-coated particles and were transplanted into the adult @entity35 striatum. Twenty-eight days after transplantation, the cells migrated 0.5-1.5 mm from the midline of the graft to the surrounding host striatum. Migration of grafted cells in the host striatum was also detected on magnetic resonance imaging in living @entity35 . Morphological analysis revealed that many of these migrated cells exhibited multibranched processes from the cell soma resembling host medium-size striatal projection neurons. Only a few astrocyte-like cells were detected. Double immunostaining showed that many @entity1603 immunoreactive cells were @entity19744 or immunoreactive with a mouse monoclonal antibody against neuronal nuclear protein, whereas only a few @entity1603 immunoreactive cells had glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity. Morphology of @entity1603 and @entity19744 immunoreactive cells was similar to those of host @entity19744 immunoreactive cells. These results suggest that transplanted cultured adult subventricular zone progenitor cells can migrate and differentiate in response to guidance cues within the adult striatum.

title: Migration and differentiation of adult @entity35 subventricular zone progenitor cells transplanted into the adult XXXX striatum.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Clinical measurement study with a longitudinal design. OBJECTIVE: Estimate @entity1 Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds in six shoulder outcome measures and two @entity158 scales. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity627 undergoing shoulder surgery were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up (with Bostrom Shoulder Movement Impairment Scale, Constant, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH], Oxford Shoulder Score [Oxford], Shoulder Function Assessment Scale, Shoulder @entity158 and Disability Index [Spadi], and two visual analog @entity158 scales [VAS]). PASS thresholds were estimated using the 75th percentile and the receiver operating characteristic curve approach. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were included; 74 (74%) @entity1 considered their shoulder function to be acceptable (PASS+), which was significantly associated with being female, odds ratio (OR) 4.54, and having better functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire), OR 0.17 (p<0.05). Activity-related @entity158 (VAS), the Oxford, and the Spadi showed best discriminative accuracy for PASS. All measures estimated changes exceeding the minimal clinical important difference. CONCLUSION: The Oxford and the Spadi showed better discriminant ability for PASS than the more commonly used Constant score and the DASH. The PASS thresholds for @entity158 showed that @entity1 accepted less @entity158 at rest than during activity, underlining the importance of assessing both aspects of @entity158 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3. Diagnostic study.

title: Identification of shoulder-specific @entity1 acceptable symptom state in @entity1 with XXXX undergoing shoulder surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Clinical measurement study with a longitudinal design. OBJECTIVE: Estimate @entity1 Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds in six shoulder outcome measures and two @entity158 scales. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity627 undergoing shoulder surgery were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up (with Bostrom Shoulder Movement Impairment Scale, Constant, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH], Oxford Shoulder Score [Oxford], Shoulder Function Assessment Scale, Shoulder @entity158 and Disability Index [Spadi], and two visual analog @entity158 scales [VAS]). PASS thresholds were estimated using the 75th percentile and the receiver operating characteristic curve approach. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were included; 74 (74%) @entity1 considered their shoulder function to be acceptable (PASS+), which was significantly associated with being female, odds ratio (OR) 4.54, and having better functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire), OR 0.17 (p<0.05). Activity-related @entity158 (VAS), the Oxford, and the Spadi showed best discriminative accuracy for PASS. All measures estimated changes exceeding the minimal clinical important difference. CONCLUSION: The Oxford and the Spadi showed better discriminant ability for PASS than the more commonly used Constant score and the DASH. The PASS thresholds for @entity158 showed that @entity1 accepted less @entity158 at rest than during activity, underlining the importance of assessing both aspects of @entity158 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3. Diagnostic study.

title: Identification of shoulder-specific XXXX acceptable symptom state in @entity1 with @entity627 undergoing shoulder surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Clinical measurement study with a longitudinal design. OBJECTIVE: Estimate @entity1 Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds in six shoulder outcome measures and two @entity158 scales. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity627 undergoing shoulder surgery were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up (with Bostrom Shoulder Movement Impairment Scale, Constant, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH], Oxford Shoulder Score [Oxford], Shoulder Function Assessment Scale, Shoulder @entity158 and Disability Index [Spadi], and two visual analog @entity158 scales [VAS]). PASS thresholds were estimated using the 75th percentile and the receiver operating characteristic curve approach. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were included; 74 (74%) @entity1 considered their shoulder function to be acceptable (PASS+), which was significantly associated with being female, odds ratio (OR) 4.54, and having better functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire), OR 0.17 (p<0.05). Activity-related @entity158 (VAS), the Oxford, and the Spadi showed best discriminative accuracy for PASS. All measures estimated changes exceeding the minimal clinical important difference. CONCLUSION: The Oxford and the Spadi showed better discriminant ability for PASS than the more commonly used Constant score and the DASH. The PASS thresholds for @entity158 showed that @entity1 accepted less @entity158 at rest than during activity, underlining the importance of assessing both aspects of @entity158 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3. Diagnostic study.

title: Identification of shoulder-specific @entity1 acceptable symptom state in XXXX with @entity627 undergoing shoulder surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the @entity376 analogs @entity927 ( @entity928 ) and @entity7115 ( @entity930 ) are used widely for antifibrinolytic therapy in cardiac surgery, relatively little research has been performed on their safety profiles, especially in the setting of cardiac surgery. Two antifibrinolytic protocols using either @entity928 or @entity7115 were compared according to postoperative outcome. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital. @entity1 : Six hundred four @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: One cohort of 275 consecutive @entity1 received @entity928 ; a second cohort of 329 consecutive @entity1 was treated with EACA. Except for antifibrinolytic therapy, the anesthetic and surgical teams and their protocols remained unchanged. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Besides major outcome criteria, namely @entity86 , the need for allogeneic transfusions, operative revision because of @entity548 , @entity8 , neurologic events, @entity712 , and in-hospital mortality, the authors specifically sought differences between the groups concerning @entity410 . The 2 cohorts were comparable over a range of perioperative factors. @entity410 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity928 @entity1 (7.6% v 3.3%, p = 0.019), whereas EACA @entity1 had a higher incidence of @entity8 (20.0% v 30.1%, p = 0.005). There were no differences in all other measured major outcome factors. CONCLUSION: Both @entity376 analogs are associated with significant side effects, which must be taken into account when performing risk-benefit analyses of their use. Their use should be restricted to @entity1 at high risk for @entity548 ; routine use on low-risk @entity1 undergoing standard surgeries should face renewed critical reappraisal.

title: XXXX after open heart surgery: comparison of   - @entity7115 and @entity927 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Postoperative seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the @entity376 analogs @entity927 ( @entity928 ) and @entity7115 ( @entity930 ) are used widely for antifibrinolytic therapy in cardiac surgery, relatively little research has been performed on their safety profiles, especially in the setting of cardiac surgery. Two antifibrinolytic protocols using either @entity928 or @entity7115 were compared according to postoperative outcome. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital. @entity1 : Six hundred four @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: One cohort of 275 consecutive @entity1 received @entity928 ; a second cohort of 329 consecutive @entity1 was treated with EACA. Except for antifibrinolytic therapy, the anesthetic and surgical teams and their protocols remained unchanged. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Besides major outcome criteria, namely @entity86 , the need for allogeneic transfusions, operative revision because of @entity548 , @entity8 , neurologic events, @entity712 , and in-hospital mortality, the authors specifically sought differences between the groups concerning @entity410 . The 2 cohorts were comparable over a range of perioperative factors. @entity410 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity928 @entity1 (7.6% v 3.3%, p = 0.019), whereas EACA @entity1 had a higher incidence of @entity8 (20.0% v 30.1%, p = 0.005). There were no differences in all other measured major outcome factors. CONCLUSION: Both @entity376 analogs are associated with significant side effects, which must be taken into account when performing risk-benefit analyses of their use. Their use should be restricted to @entity1 at high risk for @entity548 ; routine use on low-risk @entity1 undergoing standard surgeries should face renewed critical reappraisal.

title: @entity410 after open heart surgery: comparison of   - XXXX and @entity927 .

answer: @entity7115 :: (MESH:D000614,Chemical) :: ['aminocaproic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the @entity376 analogs @entity927 ( @entity928 ) and @entity7115 ( @entity930 ) are used widely for antifibrinolytic therapy in cardiac surgery, relatively little research has been performed on their safety profiles, especially in the setting of cardiac surgery. Two antifibrinolytic protocols using either @entity928 or @entity7115 were compared according to postoperative outcome. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital. @entity1 : Six hundred four @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: One cohort of 275 consecutive @entity1 received @entity928 ; a second cohort of 329 consecutive @entity1 was treated with EACA. Except for antifibrinolytic therapy, the anesthetic and surgical teams and their protocols remained unchanged. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Besides major outcome criteria, namely @entity86 , the need for allogeneic transfusions, operative revision because of @entity548 , @entity8 , neurologic events, @entity712 , and in-hospital mortality, the authors specifically sought differences between the groups concerning @entity410 . The 2 cohorts were comparable over a range of perioperative factors. @entity410 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity928 @entity1 (7.6% v 3.3%, p = 0.019), whereas EACA @entity1 had a higher incidence of @entity8 (20.0% v 30.1%, p = 0.005). There were no differences in all other measured major outcome factors. CONCLUSION: Both @entity376 analogs are associated with significant side effects, which must be taken into account when performing risk-benefit analyses of their use. Their use should be restricted to @entity1 at high risk for @entity548 ; routine use on low-risk @entity1 undergoing standard surgeries should face renewed critical reappraisal.

title: @entity410 after open heart surgery: comparison of   - @entity7115 and XXXX .

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In acute @entity134 -refractory @entity31 , rescue therapy with infliximab has become a therapeutic option in @entity1 facing colectomy. Data on efficacy and safety in this setting are sparse. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity31 and acute and severe @entity134 -refractory disease, who were given infliximab as rescue therapy, were identified by a review of @entity1 ' records and databases of infliximab-treated @entity1 . Data on @entity1 background, concomitant medication, endoscopic and laboratory results, clinical activity and adverse events were collected. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 , all admitted because of high disease activity of short duration, and failing high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, received infliximab treatment and were followed up for a median of 538 days (range 2-1769). Colectomy was avoided in 61% of cases. No fatalities were observed. Concomitant medication at the end of follow-up indicated a low number of relapses in @entity1 without colectomies. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a lasting benefit of infliximab rescue therapy in 61% of @entity1 with acute, @entity134 -refractory @entity31 , a low incidence of late colectomies, and low frequency of @entity134 use in @entity1 who avoided colectomy. High levels of @entity1851 on admittance and at the first infliximab infusion were associated with colectomy. Our study adds to the growing experience of infliximab treatment of @entity1 with acute, @entity134 -refractory @entity31 .

title: Treatment of acute XXXX with infliximab, a retrospective study from three Danish hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3161 ( @entity3161 ) is a risk factor for @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ). This study investigated the significance of @entity3161 in @entity1 with @entity1086 . METHODS: Of the 453 @entity1 with @entity1086 underwent surgery at Seoul National University Hospital between 2000 and 2014, the 401 @entity1 who can be assessed for the presence of @entity3161 with radiologic image were analyzed. RESULTS: The 401 @entity1 with @entity1086 included 183 (45.6  %) males and 218 (54.4  %) females. @entity3161 was identified in 69 (17.2  %) @entity1 , 22 (31.9  %) males and 47 (68.1  %) females. @entity2941 ( @entity2941 ) was identified in 18 (4.5  %) @entity1 , all of whom had @entity3161 . Curative surgery was accomplished in 68.1  %. A comparison of @entity1 with and without @entity3161 showed that mean age (59.9 vs. 65.1  years, p  <  0.001) and association with @entity1085 (8.7 vs. 24.7  %, p  =  0.002) were significantly lower in the @entity3161 group, while the proportion of female (68.1 vs. 51.5  %, p  =  0.012), bile duct resection rate (47.8 vs. 18.4  %, p  <  0.001), and curative resection rate (81.1 vs. 65.7  %, p  =  0.003) were significantly higher in the @entity3161 group. Overall 5-year survival rates were similar in the @entity3161 and non- @entity3161 groups (74.4 vs. 69.0  %, p  =  0.533). In @entity1 with @entity3161 , the presence of @entity2941 did not have a significant effect on survival (p  =  0.099). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3161 was found in 17.2  % of @entity1 with @entity1086 . @entity3161 is associated with younger age, female gender, absence of @entity1085 , higher BDR rate, and higher curative resection rate. However, neither @entity3161 nor @entity2941 was prognostic of survival in curatively treated @entity1 with @entity1086 .

title: Clinicopathologic Differences in @entity1 with XXXX According to the Presence of Anomalous Biliopancreatic Junction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones', 'gallbladder stone']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cyst', 'CC']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['ABPJ', 'Anomalous biliopancreatic junction']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['Gallbladder Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3161 ( @entity3161 ) is a risk factor for @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ). This study investigated the significance of @entity3161 in @entity1 with @entity1086 . METHODS: Of the 453 @entity1 with @entity1086 underwent surgery at Seoul National University Hospital between 2000 and 2014, the 401 @entity1 who can be assessed for the presence of @entity3161 with radiologic image were analyzed. RESULTS: The 401 @entity1 with @entity1086 included 183 (45.6  %) males and 218 (54.4  %) females. @entity3161 was identified in 69 (17.2  %) @entity1 , 22 (31.9  %) males and 47 (68.1  %) females. @entity2941 ( @entity2941 ) was identified in 18 (4.5  %) @entity1 , all of whom had @entity3161 . Curative surgery was accomplished in 68.1  %. A comparison of @entity1 with and without @entity3161 showed that mean age (59.9 vs. 65.1  years, p  <  0.001) and association with @entity1085 (8.7 vs. 24.7  %, p  =  0.002) were significantly lower in the @entity3161 group, while the proportion of female (68.1 vs. 51.5  %, p  =  0.012), bile duct resection rate (47.8 vs. 18.4  %, p  <  0.001), and curative resection rate (81.1 vs. 65.7  %, p  =  0.003) were significantly higher in the @entity3161 group. Overall 5-year survival rates were similar in the @entity3161 and non- @entity3161 groups (74.4 vs. 69.0  %, p  =  0.533). In @entity1 with @entity3161 , the presence of @entity2941 did not have a significant effect on survival (p  =  0.099). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3161 was found in 17.2  % of @entity1 with @entity1086 . @entity3161 is associated with younger age, female gender, absence of @entity1085 , higher BDR rate, and higher curative resection rate. However, neither @entity3161 nor @entity2941 was prognostic of survival in curatively treated @entity1 with @entity1086 .

title: Clinicopathologic Differences in XXXX with @entity1086 According to the Presence of Anomalous Biliopancreatic Junction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In order to correctly predict the malignant degree of @entity13 , three data mining algorithms: multi-layer perceptron network( @entity14339 ), decision tree, and rule induction are adopted to acquire diagnostic knowledge from @entity1 with @entity13 cases. Totally 280 cases are collected, and some of them contain missing values. Preprocessing is taken to make them applicable to all three algorithms. Performance comparisons are carried out with a 10-fold cross validation test. Although the result of @entity14339 is hard to be understood and cannot be applied directly, its reliability and accuracy are the highest when only a few hidden nodes are involved. Unlike @entity14339 , both decision tree and rule induction use attribute-value pairs to represent diagnostic knowledge derived from treated cases. These could improve both the understandability and applicability of their results. When compared with rule induction, the inherent restriction in structure makes decision tree more efficient in decision-making but meanwhile hurts its simplicity, accuracy, and reliability. For testing samples, results of all these algorithms can achieve accuracy rate over 80%, which satisfies the basic requirement of neuroradiologists. If diagnostic accuracy rate is the main factor to be considered, @entity14339 with only a few hidden nodes is the best. If the result is expected to be further checked or evaluated, rule induction will be the best algorithm. This work proves that data mining techniques can be used to obtain valid diagnostic knowledge from @entity13 cases and make computer aided diagnosis system in this field feasible.

title: [Data mining in diagnostic knowledge acquisition from @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain glioma']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['brain glioma']


abstract: In order to correctly predict the malignant degree of @entity13 , three data mining algorithms: multi-layer perceptron network( @entity14339 ), decision tree, and rule induction are adopted to acquire diagnostic knowledge from @entity1 with @entity13 cases. Totally 280 cases are collected, and some of them contain missing values. Preprocessing is taken to make them applicable to all three algorithms. Performance comparisons are carried out with a 10-fold cross validation test. Although the result of @entity14339 is hard to be understood and cannot be applied directly, its reliability and accuracy are the highest when only a few hidden nodes are involved. Unlike @entity14339 , both decision tree and rule induction use attribute-value pairs to represent diagnostic knowledge derived from treated cases. These could improve both the understandability and applicability of their results. When compared with rule induction, the inherent restriction in structure makes decision tree more efficient in decision-making but meanwhile hurts its simplicity, accuracy, and reliability. For testing samples, results of all these algorithms can achieve accuracy rate over 80%, which satisfies the basic requirement of neuroradiologists. If diagnostic accuracy rate is the main factor to be considered, @entity14339 with only a few hidden nodes is the best. If the result is expected to be further checked or evaluated, rule induction will be the best algorithm. This work proves that data mining techniques can be used to obtain valid diagnostic knowledge from @entity13 cases and make computer aided diagnosis system in this field feasible.

title: [Data mining in diagnostic knowledge acquisition from XXXX with @entity13 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Classic and definite @entity309 affects from 0.5 to 1 percent of the United States' population between the ages of 20 and 80. In the age group of 55 to 75 years, this figure increases to 4.5 percent. In addition to the @entity158 and suffering produced by this disease, family structure is dramatically affected--the divorce rate for @entity1 with @entity309 is 70 percent above that for the general population. @entity309 also results in serious economic loss to society. In 1983, the direct cost (out-of-pocket expense for medical care) was  777 million, and the indirect cost (loss of productivity) was  215 million, with a total of approximately  1 billion. The average @entity1 with stage III @entity309 suffers a 60 percent decline in earnings during the first six years after onset of the disease. Recent studies have indicated that the ability to remain employed depends at least as much on job-related factors as on the extent of disease or success of medical treatment. Job autonomy or the ability to control one's working conditions is the most important factor. Other important variables are education, seniority, and work that is not excessively physically demanding. Good transportation between home and job is also an essential requirement for remaining employed. There are few data available on the cost/benefit ratio of the treatment of @entity309 . An 18-month study showed a trend toward greater improvement in @entity1 given optimal care by a team of experts in a medical center as compared with average treatment provided in the community. A study in Scotland on cost of hospitalization of 366 @entity1 (about one half underwent surgery) showed cost benefits of xi 14,000 to xi 131,000 over a five- to 10-year period for those who returned to work. @entity1 who did not return to work incurred medical costs of xi 100,000. There is little question that more effective medical treatment and better rehabilitation strategies for @entity1 with @entity309 would provide significant benefits for @entity1 , their families, and society.

title: Morbidity impact of XXXX on society.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Two antigen systems ( @entity48660 _ @entity48659 ) expressed on two distinct @entity1 B cell subpopulations were identified by using BL1-4D6 and TB3-7D5 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. @entity48660 was expressed on approximately one-third of B cells in @entity1 lymphoid tissues. These B cells associated with @entity48660 were large activated B cells located in the germinal centres of lymphoid follicles. @entity48659 , on the other hand, existed on approximately two-thirds of B cells mainly located in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles, most of which also expressed IgM and IgD on their cell membrane. In addition, @entity48659 was shared on mature granulocytes. With the use of polyclonal activators such as pokeweek mitogen (PWM) and protein A-bearing staphylococci (SAC), @entity48660 antigen was inducible on PWM- or SAC-stimulated B cells in correspondence with the emergence of Tac and T10 antigens of these B cells. In contrast, @entity48659 antigen on the B cells stimulated by the polyclonal activators was decreased in its expression and was finally lost from these B cells. Although none of @entity48660 and @entity48659 was expressed on normal, non-activated @entity1 thymus and peripheral T cells, @entity48660 but not @entity48659 was expressed on concanavalin A-activated T cells. Immunochemical studies showed that @entity48659 consist of a single polypeptide with mol. wt of 40,000. @entity48660 antigen is presently under study.

title: Characterization of two distinct antigens expressed on either resting or activated XXXX B cells as defined by monoclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We infused experimentally @entity6 animals continuously with exogenous insulin for periods of up to 324 days. Direct intravenous infusions from a prototype of an implantable device were used to explore whether this route can achieve repetitive control of fasting glycaemia within normal limits, here defined as being between 60 and 120 mg/dl. Fasting plasma @entity413 levels were controlled by simply adjusting the rate of exogenous insulin delivery when the observed level was outside the range of 100-120 mg/dl. An analysis of the results obtained indicated that 73% (427/591) of the fasting plasma @entity413 levels were within these normal limits. Remarkably, only 1% (6/591) of them were below 60 mg/dl, the lowest being 42 mg/dl. Hyperglycaemia above 150 mg/dl was seen in 11% (67/591) of the observations. However, all (6/6) of the hypoglycaemic episodes and most, 87% (58/67), of the hyperglycaemic episodes were of an accountable nature secondary to mechanical failures, electrical failures, methodologic or other problems encountered episodically during the long course of these studies. Two parallel control groups of experimentally @entity6 animals received the same diet and were treated prospectively by daily subcutaneous injections for periods up to 224 days. The goal of this treatment was to attain metabolic control by either "conventional" or "intensified" injection methods. To these ends, fasting plasma @entity413 levels were measured on a daily basis (5 days/week) in both groups, and also at intervals postprandially in the intensively controlled group. These data were used to adjust insulin dosages. An analysis of the results indicated that only 24% (148/617) of the fasting plasma @entity413 levels were within the normal limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pumped intravenous insulin in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']