abstract: Telomerase is believed to be induced upon proliferation and inhibited when cells differentiate. Thus, regulation of telomerase activity could be an important mechanism to limit growth of normal and @entity5 cells. Using @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), which is known to control proliferation in epithelial cells, we now demonstrate that in the @entity1 HaCaT skin keratinocytes, @entity2533 downregulated @entity517 , and this blocked proliferation. This also caused a decrease in @entity2215 expression, which in turn inhibited telomerase activity. Overexpressing @entity2215 recovered telomerase activity but not proliferation, whereas constitutive expression of @entity517 recovered proliferation and @entity2215 expression. Nevertheless, telomerase remained inhibited, thus dissociating proliferation and telomerase activity. In addition, we show that @entity2533 inhibited telomerase activity despite ongoing @entity2215 transcription by inducing loss of the full-length @entity2215 transcript (mediating telomerase activity) and retaining high expression of the inactive beta variant. These changes in the splicing pattern reversed upon @entity2533 removal, as did inhibition of telomerase activity, suggesting that alternative splicing may represent a novel mechanism of telomerase regulation by @entity2533 . In addition, we show that destruction of tissue integrity (in a model for epidermal blistering) resulted in a rapid induction of the inactive beta variant, whereas tissue regeneration (formation of a stratified epithelium) correlated with a shift to the active full-length transcript, which is the dominant form in intact epidermis. Thus alternative splicing may not be restricted to @entity2533 but may add a more general mechanism of @entity2215 regulation in epidermal cells.

title: Dual regulation of telomerase activity through XXXX -dependent inhibition and alternative splicing of @entity2215 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta 1']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-Myc']


abstract: Telomerase is believed to be induced upon proliferation and inhibited when cells differentiate. Thus, regulation of telomerase activity could be an important mechanism to limit growth of normal and @entity5 cells. Using @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), which is known to control proliferation in epithelial cells, we now demonstrate that in the @entity1 HaCaT skin keratinocytes, @entity2533 downregulated @entity517 , and this blocked proliferation. This also caused a decrease in @entity2215 expression, which in turn inhibited telomerase activity. Overexpressing @entity2215 recovered telomerase activity but not proliferation, whereas constitutive expression of @entity517 recovered proliferation and @entity2215 expression. Nevertheless, telomerase remained inhibited, thus dissociating proliferation and telomerase activity. In addition, we show that @entity2533 inhibited telomerase activity despite ongoing @entity2215 transcription by inducing loss of the full-length @entity2215 transcript (mediating telomerase activity) and retaining high expression of the inactive beta variant. These changes in the splicing pattern reversed upon @entity2533 removal, as did inhibition of telomerase activity, suggesting that alternative splicing may represent a novel mechanism of telomerase regulation by @entity2533 . In addition, we show that destruction of tissue integrity (in a model for epidermal blistering) resulted in a rapid induction of the inactive beta variant, whereas tissue regeneration (formation of a stratified epithelium) correlated with a shift to the active full-length transcript, which is the dominant form in intact epidermis. Thus alternative splicing may not be restricted to @entity2533 but may add a more general mechanism of @entity2215 regulation in epidermal cells.

title: Dual regulation of telomerase activity through @entity517 -dependent inhibition and alternative splicing of XXXX .

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['hTERT']


abstract: @entity46337 proteins (regulators of G protein signaling) are a diverse family of proteins that act to negatively regulate signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins. Initially characterized as GTPase-activating proteins for Galpha subunits, recent data have implied additional functions for @entity46337 proteins. We previously identified an @entity46337 protein (termed RGSZ1) whose expression is quite specific to neuronal tissue (Glick, J. L., Meigs, T. E., Miron, A., and Casey, P. J. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 26008-26013). In a continuing effort to understand the role of RGSZ1 in cellular signaling, the yeast two-hybrid system was employed to identify potential effector proteins of RGSZ1. The microtubule-destabilizing protein @entity70713 (superior cervical ganglia, neural specific 10) was found to directly interact with RGSZ1 in the @entity375 system, and this interaction was further verified using direct binding assays. Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor resulted in Golgi-specific distribution of @entity70713 . A green fluorescent protein-tagged variant of RGSZ1 translocated to the Golgi complex upon treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor, providing evidence that RGSZ1 and @entity70713 interact in cells as well as in vitro. Analysis of in vitro microtubule polymerization/depolymerization showed that binding of RGSZ1 to @entity70713 effectively blocked the ability of @entity70713 to induce microtubule disassembly as determined by both turbidimetric and microscopy-based assays. These results identify a novel connection between @entity46337 proteins and the cytoskeletal network that points to a broader role than previously envisioned for @entity46337 proteins in regulating biological processes.

title: The interaction of RGSZ1 with XXXX attenuates the ability of @entity70713 to promote microtubule disassembly.

answer: @entity70713 :: (84510(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['SCG10']


abstract: @entity46337 proteins (regulators of G protein signaling) are a diverse family of proteins that act to negatively regulate signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins. Initially characterized as GTPase-activating proteins for Galpha subunits, recent data have implied additional functions for @entity46337 proteins. We previously identified an @entity46337 protein (termed RGSZ1) whose expression is quite specific to neuronal tissue (Glick, J. L., Meigs, T. E., Miron, A., and Casey, P. J. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 26008-26013). In a continuing effort to understand the role of RGSZ1 in cellular signaling, the yeast two-hybrid system was employed to identify potential effector proteins of RGSZ1. The microtubule-destabilizing protein @entity70713 (superior cervical ganglia, neural specific 10) was found to directly interact with RGSZ1 in the @entity375 system, and this interaction was further verified using direct binding assays. Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor resulted in Golgi-specific distribution of @entity70713 . A green fluorescent protein-tagged variant of RGSZ1 translocated to the Golgi complex upon treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor, providing evidence that RGSZ1 and @entity70713 interact in cells as well as in vitro. Analysis of in vitro microtubule polymerization/depolymerization showed that binding of RGSZ1 to @entity70713 effectively blocked the ability of @entity70713 to induce microtubule disassembly as determined by both turbidimetric and microscopy-based assays. These results identify a novel connection between @entity46337 proteins and the cytoskeletal network that points to a broader role than previously envisioned for @entity46337 proteins in regulating biological processes.

title: The interaction of RGSZ1 with @entity70713 attenuates the ability of XXXX to promote microtubule disassembly.

answer: @entity70713 :: (84510(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['SCG10']


abstract: This study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 67 very low birth weight @entity1 (VLBWI) with symptomatic @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ); all were admitted to four neonatal intensive care units (NICU) from January 1, 1996 through December 31, 1996. The mean gestational age was 27.9 +/- 2.4 weeks, the mean birth weight was 1078 +/- 193 g. Fifty-six @entity1 (83.6%) had @entity4290 , and 53 @entity1 (79%) received artificial surfactant. The NICU at a regional hospital used CVD score > or =3 as the sole criteria and the remaining three NICUs used color Doppler echocardiogram to confirm a symptomatic @entity2461 and to treat it; sometimes LA/AO > or = 1.3 was used as the criteria for @entity3352 treatment. Two of these three hospitals sometimes used the pulsed Doppler echocardiogram as well as color Doppler examination as the treatment criteria. Seven @entity1 (10.5%) had contraindication for @entity3352 treatment; four of them closed after conservative treatment, and another three were subjected to surgical ligation. Of the remaining 60 @entity1 , 3 were treated with oral @entity3352 and 57 were treated with intravenous @entity3352 . The mean age when initial treatment given was 3.8 +/- 1.5 days (range, 8 hours approximately 20 days). Among them 10 (16.7%) were within 24 hours after birth, 25 (41.7%) were between 24 and 48 hours, and 25 (41.7%) were beyond 48 hours. The dosage of @entity3352 was 0.2 mg/kg per dose intravenously every 12 to 24 hours for three doses as a full course, if not contraindicated. The mean dose of @entity3352 was 2.8 +/- 1.5; 10 @entity1 (16.7%) received 1 dose, 15 (25%) received 2 doses, 27 (45%) received 3 doses, 3 (5%) received 4 doses and 5 (8.3%) received 6 doses. Among them, 51 @entity1 (85%) @entity2461 closed (including 2 treated with oral @entity3352 ), 9 (15%) failed to close and 6 of them received surgical ligation (including 1 treated with oral @entity3352 ). The complications associated with @entity3352 treatment were @entity4053 (52%), decreased urine output (42%) and @entity360 (32%). The @entity1 with @entity4290 had an earlier mean age of initial treatment than non- @entity4290 @entity1 (3.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 7.6 +/- 5.6 days; p < 0.05), and also had a higher closure rate (89% vs. 57%; p < 0.05). There was a closure rate of 85% in this multicenter retrospective analysis. Even though the @entity1 received only one or two doses, they still had a good chance of ductal closure (21/25, 84%). To minimize the complications associated with @entity3352 treatment in VLBWI, the protocol of @entity3352 treatment should be re-evaluated.

title: A survey on the treatment strategy of XXXX in very low-birth-weight @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: This study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 67 very low birth weight @entity1 (VLBWI) with symptomatic @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ); all were admitted to four neonatal intensive care units (NICU) from January 1, 1996 through December 31, 1996. The mean gestational age was 27.9 +/- 2.4 weeks, the mean birth weight was 1078 +/- 193 g. Fifty-six @entity1 (83.6%) had @entity4290 , and 53 @entity1 (79%) received artificial surfactant. The NICU at a regional hospital used CVD score > or =3 as the sole criteria and the remaining three NICUs used color Doppler echocardiogram to confirm a symptomatic @entity2461 and to treat it; sometimes LA/AO > or = 1.3 was used as the criteria for @entity3352 treatment. Two of these three hospitals sometimes used the pulsed Doppler echocardiogram as well as color Doppler examination as the treatment criteria. Seven @entity1 (10.5%) had contraindication for @entity3352 treatment; four of them closed after conservative treatment, and another three were subjected to surgical ligation. Of the remaining 60 @entity1 , 3 were treated with oral @entity3352 and 57 were treated with intravenous @entity3352 . The mean age when initial treatment given was 3.8 +/- 1.5 days (range, 8 hours approximately 20 days). Among them 10 (16.7%) were within 24 hours after birth, 25 (41.7%) were between 24 and 48 hours, and 25 (41.7%) were beyond 48 hours. The dosage of @entity3352 was 0.2 mg/kg per dose intravenously every 12 to 24 hours for three doses as a full course, if not contraindicated. The mean dose of @entity3352 was 2.8 +/- 1.5; 10 @entity1 (16.7%) received 1 dose, 15 (25%) received 2 doses, 27 (45%) received 3 doses, 3 (5%) received 4 doses and 5 (8.3%) received 6 doses. Among them, 51 @entity1 (85%) @entity2461 closed (including 2 treated with oral @entity3352 ), 9 (15%) failed to close and 6 of them received surgical ligation (including 1 treated with oral @entity3352 ). The complications associated with @entity3352 treatment were @entity4053 (52%), decreased urine output (42%) and @entity360 (32%). The @entity1 with @entity4290 had an earlier mean age of initial treatment than non- @entity4290 @entity1 (3.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 7.6 +/- 5.6 days; p < 0.05), and also had a higher closure rate (89% vs. 57%; p < 0.05). There was a closure rate of 85% in this multicenter retrospective analysis. Even though the @entity1 received only one or two doses, they still had a good chance of ductal closure (21/25, 84%). To minimize the complications associated with @entity3352 treatment in VLBWI, the protocol of @entity3352 treatment should be re-evaluated.

title: A survey on the treatment strategy of @entity2461 in very low-birth-weight XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: As a part of the German Environmental Surveys performed in 1985/86 (West Germany), 1990/91 (West Germany) and 1991/92 (East Germany), dust samples were collected in the households of about 1600 randomly selected adults (25 to 69 years) and an analysis of these samples was performed in respect of their content of 8 different @entity312 and of the synergist @entity33638 ( @entity20333 ). In the 1990-92 survey about 90% of the samples contained @entity315 in concentrations above the limit of quantification. This showed @entity315 to be the most widespread of the 8 compounds investigated. The geometric mean of the @entity315 content in domestic dust was 0.22 mg/kg. Only about 8% of the samples contained one or more of the other investigated substances ( @entity317 , @entity4204 , @entity5179 , @entity5179 , @entity316 , @entity70714 , @entity14869 ) in quantifiable amounts. About 76% of the samples contained quantifiable amounts of @entity20333 . In East Germany the geometric mean of the @entity20333 content (0.21 mg/kg) was significantly higher than in West Germany (0.07 mg/kg), but no difference for @entity315 was found. Significant associations could be shown for the @entity315 content and the application of biocides as well as for the @entity20333 content and regional factors (size of community, type of dwelling area). Samples collected in 1985/86 (West Germany) showed a geometric mean for @entity315 of 0.06 mg/kg and for @entity20333 of 0.07 mg/kg. Comparing the values of 1985/86 and 1990/91, a significant increase can be observed for @entity315 , whereas the @entity20333 concentration remained constant.

title: [ XXXX in house dust of the German housing population--results of 2 nationwide cross-sectional studies].

entities_list: @entity317 :: ('MESH:C052570', 'Chemical') :: ['cyfluthrin']

entities_list: @entity5179 :: ('MESH:C017160', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-cypermethrin', 'cypermethrin']

entities_list: @entity70714 :: ('MESH:C080074', 'Chemical') :: ['empenthrin']

entities_list: @entity316 :: ('MESH:C017180', 'Chemical') :: ['deltamethrin']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity4204 :: ('MESH:C037304', 'Chemical') :: ['lambda-cyhalothrin']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

entities_list: @entity14869 :: ('MESH:C006166', 'Chemical') :: ['d-phenothrin']

entities_list: @entity33638 :: ('MESH:D010882', 'Chemical') :: ['piperonyl butoxide']

answer: @entity312 :: (MESH:D011722,Chemical) :: ['Pyrethroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4899 was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 because of its association with @entity299 in adults. The combination of @entity4899 and @entity21938 had been widely used to promote @entity353 , and many @entity1 were inadvertently exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The possible effect on the developing fetus has not been studied. METHODS: Controlled prospective cohort study comparing 98 @entity1 who had taken @entity21938 / @entity4899 to 233 @entity1 who had not, all of whom contacted the California Teratogen Information Service during pregnancy. RESULTS: The proportion of liveborn @entity1 with @entity4696 was similar in the two groups (3.6% vs. 1.0%, relative risk (RR) 3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61, 21.10), as was the proportion of @entity1 with >or=3 @entity154 (11.7% vs. 7.6%, RR 1.53; 95% CI 0.61, 3.82). Furthermore, no pattern of @entity600 was identified. There were no significant differences between the groups in spontaneous @entity393 (6.1% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.65) or premature delivery (8.6% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.95). Birth weight and head circumference were significantly increased in the exposed group; however, these differences were not associated with anorexiant use itself. The rate of gestational @entity6 was significantly increased in pregnant @entity1 who took @entity21938 / @entity4899 during the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is not possible from this study to rule out weak to moderate associations, the lack of an increased risk of spontaneous @entity393 , and major or @entity154 in the offspring of @entity1 who took @entity21938 / @entity4899 at the recommended daily dose during the first trimester of pregnancy is reassuring.

title: Pregnancy outcomes after first trimester exposure to XXXX / @entity4899 .

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine', 'Fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['minor anomalies']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity21938 :: ('MESH:D010645', 'Chemical') :: ['phentermine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['major structural anomalies']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity21938 :: (MESH:D010645,Chemical) :: ['phentermine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4899 was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 because of its association with @entity299 in adults. The combination of @entity4899 and @entity21938 had been widely used to promote @entity353 , and many @entity1 were inadvertently exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The possible effect on the developing fetus has not been studied. METHODS: Controlled prospective cohort study comparing 98 @entity1 who had taken @entity21938 / @entity4899 to 233 @entity1 who had not, all of whom contacted the California Teratogen Information Service during pregnancy. RESULTS: The proportion of liveborn @entity1 with @entity4696 was similar in the two groups (3.6% vs. 1.0%, relative risk (RR) 3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61, 21.10), as was the proportion of @entity1 with >or=3 @entity154 (11.7% vs. 7.6%, RR 1.53; 95% CI 0.61, 3.82). Furthermore, no pattern of @entity600 was identified. There were no significant differences between the groups in spontaneous @entity393 (6.1% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.65) or premature delivery (8.6% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.95). Birth weight and head circumference were significantly increased in the exposed group; however, these differences were not associated with anorexiant use itself. The rate of gestational @entity6 was significantly increased in pregnant @entity1 who took @entity21938 / @entity4899 during the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is not possible from this study to rule out weak to moderate associations, the lack of an increased risk of spontaneous @entity393 , and major or @entity154 in the offspring of @entity1 who took @entity21938 / @entity4899 at the recommended daily dose during the first trimester of pregnancy is reassuring.

title: Pregnancy outcomes after first trimester exposure to @entity21938 / XXXX .

answer: @entity4899 :: (MESH:D005277,Chemical) :: ['fenfluramine']


abstract: The functional outcome and factors influencing improvement after pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction are still debated. This retrospective study was aimed at evaluating the factors associated with functional improvement in symptomatic unilateral @entity3041 ( @entity3041 ). @entity1 (n = 68) who underwent successful pyeloplasty for unilateral symptomatic UPJ obstruction without any other associated urological abnormality were included. Preoperative evaluation included a diuretic renogram (DR) to confirm obstruction and assess the @entity177 ( @entity177 ). A follow-up DR was obtained 3 months and 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively. An absolute increase in the differential function of the operated kidney by over 5% was considered significant; such kidneys were classified as improved (group A) and the others as unimproved (group B). The difference between the preoperative and 3-month @entity177 was highly significant (P < 0.001). Significant (P < 0.01) improvement in @entity177 continued until 1 year after pyeloplasty. @entity1 who presented with a mass had significantly greater improvement (P < 0.05) than those who presented with other clinical features. In group A, a significantly higher number of @entity1 presented with a mass. It was also evident that @entity1 aged less than 1 year showed significantly greater (P < 0.01) improvement in @entity177 than older @entity1 . Thus, in unilateral symptomatic @entity3041 with impaired function, @entity1 who present with a mass or those in whom pyeloplasty was performed before 1 year of age showed significantly greater improvement.

title: Functional outcome after pyeloplasty for unilateral symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['split renal function', 'SRF']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['HDN', 'hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the value of hemodynamic changes induced by carotid sinus massage (CSM) on the diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). A total 108 @entity1 (mean age, 54 +/- 10 years, range 33-70) who had no significant @entity850 in the carotid artery by duplex ultrasonography (USG) and no history of @entity1163 were included in this study. Carotid sinus massage was performed before coronary angiography with monitoring of electrocardiography and blood pressure. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to response to CSM: group 1 @entity1 had a decrease in blood pressure or < 10 beats/minute (bpm); group 2 @entity1 had a decrease between 10 and 20 bpm; and group 3 @entity1 had > 20 mm Hg decrease in blood pressure or > 20 bpm. Coronary angiography was performed after CSM in all @entity1 . There was @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 23 cases, two- @entity66 in 24 cases, and three- @entity66 in 35 cases. Coronary angiography results were normal in 26 cases. The changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate before and after CSM correlated with number of @entity66 . These changes were highest in @entity1 with three- @entity66 , but lowest in @entity1 with normal coronary angiography. The number of diseased vessels and total coronary artery score were lowest in group 1, but highest in group 3. The specificity and sensitivity of CSM-induced > 10 mm Hg in blood pressure (BP) or > 10 bpm changes in heart rate in the diagnosis of @entity453 were 85% and 71%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 93% and 49%, respectively in the diagnosis of @entity453 . At the end of this study, we concluded that CSM induced the fall in blood pressure and heart rate and was correlated with number of diseased vessels and the score of @entity453 . As dichotomized values, the decrease of > 10 mm Hg in blood pressure and/or > 10 bpm has highest specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of @entity453 .

title: The value of hemodynamic changes induced by carotid sinus massage on the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['VD', 'single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Some proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have been reported to discriminate subjects with @entity173 . Relatively few studies have tested their ability to discriminate @entity2249 from those of the trochanter. To this end we performed a cross-sectional study in a population of 547 menopausal @entity1 over 69 years of age with @entity2249 (n = 88), @entity173 (n = 93) or controls (n = 366). @entity572 length (HAL), neck-shaft angle (NSA), @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ) and femoral shaft diameter (FSD) were measured by DXA, as well as the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the nonfractured hip at the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. In fractured subjects, @entity79 was lower at each measurement site. HAL was longer and NSA wider in those with @entity2249 . With logistic regression the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in @entity79 was significantly associated at each measurement site with @entity2249 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-2.5; trochanter @entity79 : OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) and trochanteric @entity174 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.6; trochanter @entity79 : OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.1; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Age-adjusted OR for 1 SD increases in NSA (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8) and HAL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) was significantly associated with the @entity174 risk only for @entity2249 . In the best predictive model the strongest predictors were site-matched @entity79 for both @entity174 types and NSA for neck @entity174 . Trochanteric @entity79 had the greatest area (0.78, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.02) under the receiver operating characteristic curve in @entity173 , whereas for NSA (0.72, @entity2246 0.03) this area was greatest in @entity2249 . These results confirm the association of @entity79 with @entity174 and support the evidence that PFG plays a significant role only in neck @entity174 prediction, since NSA is the best predictive parameter among those tested.

title: Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish @entity2249 from XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['FND', 'femoral neck diameter', 'femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['proximal femur fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['trochanteric fractures']


abstract: Some proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have been reported to discriminate subjects with @entity173 . Relatively few studies have tested their ability to discriminate @entity2249 from those of the trochanter. To this end we performed a cross-sectional study in a population of 547 menopausal @entity1 over 69 years of age with @entity2249 (n = 88), @entity173 (n = 93) or controls (n = 366). @entity572 length (HAL), neck-shaft angle (NSA), @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ) and femoral shaft diameter (FSD) were measured by DXA, as well as the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the nonfractured hip at the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. In fractured subjects, @entity79 was lower at each measurement site. HAL was longer and NSA wider in those with @entity2249 . With logistic regression the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in @entity79 was significantly associated at each measurement site with @entity2249 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-2.5; trochanter @entity79 : OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) and trochanteric @entity174 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.6; trochanter @entity79 : OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.1; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Age-adjusted OR for 1 SD increases in NSA (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8) and HAL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) was significantly associated with the @entity174 risk only for @entity2249 . In the best predictive model the strongest predictors were site-matched @entity79 for both @entity174 types and NSA for neck @entity174 . Trochanteric @entity79 had the greatest area (0.78, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.02) under the receiver operating characteristic curve in @entity173 , whereas for NSA (0.72, @entity2246 0.03) this area was greatest in @entity2249 . These results confirm the association of @entity79 with @entity174 and support the evidence that PFG plays a significant role only in neck @entity174 prediction, since NSA is the best predictive parameter among those tested.

title: Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish XXXX from @entity173 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: Some proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have been reported to discriminate subjects with @entity173 . Relatively few studies have tested their ability to discriminate @entity2249 from those of the trochanter. To this end we performed a cross-sectional study in a population of 547 menopausal @entity1 over 69 years of age with @entity2249 (n = 88), @entity173 (n = 93) or controls (n = 366). @entity572 length (HAL), neck-shaft angle (NSA), @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ) and femoral shaft diameter (FSD) were measured by DXA, as well as the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the nonfractured hip at the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. In fractured subjects, @entity79 was lower at each measurement site. HAL was longer and NSA wider in those with @entity2249 . With logistic regression the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in @entity79 was significantly associated at each measurement site with @entity2249 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-2.5; trochanter @entity79 : OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) and trochanteric @entity174 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.6; trochanter @entity79 : OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.1; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Age-adjusted OR for 1 SD increases in NSA (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8) and HAL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) was significantly associated with the @entity174 risk only for @entity2249 . In the best predictive model the strongest predictors were site-matched @entity79 for both @entity174 types and NSA for neck @entity174 . Trochanteric @entity79 had the greatest area (0.78, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.02) under the receiver operating characteristic curve in @entity173 , whereas for NSA (0.72, @entity2246 0.03) this area was greatest in @entity2249 . These results confirm the association of @entity79 with @entity174 and support the evidence that PFG plays a significant role only in neck @entity174 prediction, since NSA is the best predictive parameter among those tested.

title: Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish @entity2249 from @entity173 in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: To utilize soy protein isolate (SPI) more widely, a convenient and effective method for deodorizing it is required. This paper reports a new deodorizing method using various types of solid adsorbents made of @entity852 , @entity17085 , and @entity10091 , as well as charcoal. Treatment of the SPI solution with them decreased the @entity9267 content in the solution, whereas the content of @entity4722 was not much decreased. A brominated @entity852 adsorbent (SEPABEADS SP207) and a @entity10091 adsorbent (HSZ-360HUD) removed @entity9267 most effectively, although 30-40% of the total @entity9267 remained. A model experiment showed that their @entity9267 adsorption capacity was much higher than the @entity9267 content in the SPI solution and that an excess amount of @entity9267 added to the SPI solution was mostly removed by them. These results suggest that @entity9267 in the SPI solution can be classified into two types. @entity9267 of type I may be free or bound weakly on the surface of proteins and is removable by the adsorbents, whereas @entity9267 of type II may be bound tightly inside proteins and is unremovable by the adsorbents. Despite the considerable amount of @entity9267 remaining in the SPI solution even in the most successful cases, the SPI solution was well deodorized as shown by the sensory test. Accordingly, type I @entity9267 may be closely related to the @entity1460 odor. Removal of @entity9267 by the adsorbents was not much improved by alpha-chymotryptic digestion of SPI. Type II @entity9267 might be in similar states even in the chymotryptic digests.

title: Deodorization of XXXX proteins by enzymatic and physicochemical treatments.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity17085 :: ('MESH:C030613', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity9267 :: ('MESH:C010463', 'Chemical') :: ['hexanal', 'Hexanal']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in @entity1 with unilateral peripheral @entity2895 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 and 15 healthy subjects were studied using magnetic search coils. Subjects made sinusoidal +/-10 degrees head-on-body rotations in yaw, pitch, and roll in darkness and during monocular viewing in light. RESULTS: Horizontal VOR and visually enhanced VOR (VVOR) gains of the paretic eye were decreased during both abduction and adduction. Vertical VOR and VVOR gains of the paretic eye were decreased during both elevation and @entity308 . Dynamic and static torsional VOR and VVOR gains of the paretic eye were reduced during both excyclotorsion and incyclotorsion. Horizontal, vertical, and torsional VOR and VVOR gains were normal in the nonparetic eye. CONCLUSIONS: Adducting VOR gains were reduced as anticipated from medial rectus palsy. Abducting gains were also reduced; the reduction is attributed to an adaptive decrease in innervation to the lateral rectus to achieve symmetry of the horizontal VOR in the paretic eye. Torsional VOR gains were reduced during excyclotorsion from palsy of the inferior oblique muscle. Gains were also reduced during incyclotorsion, which can be explained by an adaptive decrease in innervation to the superior oblique to restore symmetry of the torsional VOR in the paretic eye. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Monocular adaptation in the VOR of the paretic eye reduces asymmetrical movement of retinal images during head motion, prevents @entity346 , and reduces retinal image disparity.

title: Adaptations and deficits in the vestibulo-ocular reflex after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['third nerve palsy']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['third nerve palsy']


abstract: Lipid apheresis (extracorporeal lipoprotein elimination) is administered to @entity1 with @entity753 who fail to respond to standard therapy. The nature of the treatment process raises the suspicion that it decreases not only @entity165 but also antioxidants. A group of 12 @entity1 (average age 47  17 y, 4 homozygous and 8 heterozygous individuals) with @entity753 treated by LDL-apheresis or rheohaemapheresis for 3-12 y was included in the study. In addition to @entity165 and @entity1674 levels, @entity270 and @entity904 and also other markers of antioxidant activity were investigated. Nevertheless, the most important determined parameter was the @entity270 / @entity165 ratio in serum and lipoproteins. The results indicate that both extracorporeal elimination methods are effective and suitable ways to treat severe @entity753 , as the LDL fraction of @entity165 decreased by approximately 77% and 66% following LDL-apheresis and rheohaemapheresis, respectively. In addition, the serum @entity270 decreased by 54% and 57% and the decrease of the serum @entity904 was approximately 20%. However, the main marker of antioxidant capacity, @entity270 / @entity165 ratio, in the serum, VLDL and LDL significantly increased. The increase of @entity270 levels in the erythrocyte membranes of 2% following LDL-apheresis and a significant increase of 4% following rheohaemapheresis were confirmed. The presented results indicate that LDL-apheresis and rheohaemapheresis can be considered to be safe procedures according to the antioxidant capacity of the serum, VLDL and LDL lipoprotein fractions and the erythrocyte membrane.

title: The Effect of LDL-Apheresis and Rheohaemapheresis Treatment on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin E']


abstract: @entity5292 antibiotics are "the drug of choice" for treating many @entity2348 , but their administration results in @entity393 in up to one fourth of the @entity1 who receive them. Several biochemical pathways have been implicated in @entity5292 antibiotic @entity2167 ; however, little is known about how hair cells respond to @entity5292 antibiotics at the transcriptome level. Here we have investigated the genome-wide response to the @entity5292 antibiotic @entity801 . Using organotypic cultures of the perinatal organ of Corti, we performed RNA sequencing using cDNA libraries obtained from @entity10062 -purified hair cells. Within 3 h of @entity801 treatment, the messenger RNA level of more than three thousand genes in hair cells changed significantly. Bioinformatic analysis of these changes highlighted several known signal transduction pathways, including the @entity14032 pathway and the NF-kB pathway, in addition to genes involved in the stress response, apoptosis, cell cycle control, and DNA damage repair. In contrast, only 698 genes, mainly involved in cell cycle and metabolite biosynthetic processes, were significantly affected in the non-hair cell population. The gene expression profiles of hair cells in response to @entity801 share a considerable similarity with those previously observed in @entity801 -induced nephrotoxicity. Our findings suggest that previously observed early responses to @entity801 in hair cells in specific signaling pathways are reflected in changes in gene expression. Additionally, the observed changes in gene expression of cell cycle regulatory genes indicate a disruption of the postmitotic state, which may suggest an alternate pathway regulating @entity801 -induced apoptotic hair cell death. This work provides a more comprehensive view of @entity5292 antibiotic @entity2167 , and thus contributes to identifying potential pathways or therapeutic targets to alleviate this important side effect of @entity5292 antibiotics.

title: Early transcriptional response to XXXX antibiotic suggests alternate pathways leading to apoptosis in sensory hair cells in the mouse inner ear.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglycoside', 'aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity5292 :: (D000617,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies document an underuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 , despite their proven efficacy and good tolerability. Also, there is some evidence that the doses used in clinical practice are far lower than those used in clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: To identify patterns of ACEI use in @entity712 @entity1 this study examined data collected on admission day regarding demographic, clinical, and medical care characteristics of 355 @entity1 hospitalized because of decompensated @entity712 who were treated with and without ACEIs. Additionally, measures of in-hospital outcome were compared among the two groups. Fifty-eight point six percent of @entity1 were receiving ACEIs at admission and 80.6% were treated with ACEIs during hospitalization. The average ACEI does was low. No differences were observed in age and measures of severity of @entity712 between ACEI-prescribed and nonprescribed @entity1 . Patterns that could explain ACEI underuse included female sex, lower systolic blood pressure, worse renal function, @entity1002 , use of alternate drugs (eg, @entity1482 ), and overall less intense medical management. Patterns associated with the use of lower doses of ACEIs included older age, higher New York Heart Association functional class, and lower systolic blood pressure. In-hospital death rates were significantly higher for @entity1 not treated with ACEIs. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that many @entity1 eligible for ACEI treatment were deprived of the advantages of these drugs because of erroneous clinical strategies. Nevertheless, the patterns of ACEI use were similar to those reported by other studies. Clinical trials conducted to determine the risk/benefit ratio of ACEI use in @entity1 with @entity8 and the utility of ACEIs in diastolic @entity712 , as well as programs to educate care providers on proper use of ACEIs in @entity712 @entity1 , are strongly recommended.

title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in XXXX : physicians' prescribing behavior.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Angiography has major limitations in its ability to assess @entity301 . @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) offers unique capabilities to assess @entity453 . The tomographic orientation of ultrasound enables visualization of the full vessel wall, as opposed to the 2-dimensional projection of the lumen provided by angiography. The equipment required to perform coronary @entity5642 consists of a catheter with a miniaturized transducer and a console to reconstruct the image. High ultrasound frequencies are used, typically, 30 to 40 MHz, which provides excellent theoretical resolution. @entity5642 has been performed safely in a wide variety of clinical situations. Vessels with classic @entity731 exhibit a diversity of abnormal features that reflect the severity, composition, and distribution of the atheromata. @entity397 is sometimes evident in ultrasound examination of the culprit lesions after an @entity1187 . Most laboratories routinely perform cross-sectional area measurements of the lumen and external elastic membrane boundaries and calculate @entity1856 area. @entity5642 commonly detects @entity731 at angiographically normal sites. It has contributed substantially to our understanding of remodeling and has shown that positive remodeling is more prevalent in unstable lesions. Studies in @entity1 early after transplantation have shown the presence of advanced @entity731 in their apparently normal donors. In addition, the application of @entity5642 in detecting the rate of progression or regression of existing @entity731 is among the most dynamic areas of development. @entity5642 is likely to emerge as the "gold standard" in the study of @entity731 progression-regression over the next few years.

title: Application of intravascular ultrasound to characterize XXXX and assess the progression or regression of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'Intravascular ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic burden']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Angiography has major limitations in its ability to assess @entity301 . @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) offers unique capabilities to assess @entity453 . The tomographic orientation of ultrasound enables visualization of the full vessel wall, as opposed to the 2-dimensional projection of the lumen provided by angiography. The equipment required to perform coronary @entity5642 consists of a catheter with a miniaturized transducer and a console to reconstruct the image. High ultrasound frequencies are used, typically, 30 to 40 MHz, which provides excellent theoretical resolution. @entity5642 has been performed safely in a wide variety of clinical situations. Vessels with classic @entity731 exhibit a diversity of abnormal features that reflect the severity, composition, and distribution of the atheromata. @entity397 is sometimes evident in ultrasound examination of the culprit lesions after an @entity1187 . Most laboratories routinely perform cross-sectional area measurements of the lumen and external elastic membrane boundaries and calculate @entity1856 area. @entity5642 commonly detects @entity731 at angiographically normal sites. It has contributed substantially to our understanding of remodeling and has shown that positive remodeling is more prevalent in unstable lesions. Studies in @entity1 early after transplantation have shown the presence of advanced @entity731 in their apparently normal donors. In addition, the application of @entity5642 in detecting the rate of progression or regression of existing @entity731 is among the most dynamic areas of development. @entity5642 is likely to emerge as the "gold standard" in the study of @entity731 progression-regression over the next few years.

title: Application of intravascular ultrasound to characterize @entity453 and assess the progression or regression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity157 ) is a category of disease defined by radiological, clinical and hepatic function parameters, comprehending a wide range of @entity1 with different general conditions. The main therapeutic option is represented by @entity2857 treatment, a multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effect. Trans-arterial Radio Embolization also represents a promising new approach to intermediate/advanced @entity157 . Post-marketing clinical studies showed that only a portion of @entity1 actually benefits from @entity2857 treatment, and an even smaller percentage of @entity1 treated shows partial/complete response on follow-up examinations, up against relevant costs and an incidence of drug related adverse effects. Although the treatment with @entity2857 has shown a significant increase in mean overall survival in different studies, only a part of @entity1 actually shows real benefits, while the incidence of drug related significant adverse effects and the economic costs are relatively high. Moreover, only a small percentage of @entity1 also shows a response in terms of lesion dimensions reduction. Being able to properly differentiate @entity1 who are responding to the therapy from non-responders as early as possible is then still difficult and could be a pivotal challenge for the future; in fact it could spare several @entity1 a therapy often difficult to bear, directing them to other second line treatments (many of which are at the moment still under investigation). For this reason, some supplemental criteria to be added to the standard modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors evaluation are being searched for. In particular, finding some parameters (cellular density, perfusion grade and enhancement rate) able to predict the sensitivity of the lesions to anti-angiogenic agents could help in stratifying @entity1 in terms of treatment responsiveness before the beginning of the therapy itself, or in the first weeks of @entity2857 treatment. This would bring a strongly desirable help in clinical managements of these @entity1 .

title: @entity157 and XXXX : Diagnosis, indications, clinical and radiological follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity157 ) is a category of disease defined by radiological, clinical and hepatic function parameters, comprehending a wide range of @entity1 with different general conditions. The main therapeutic option is represented by @entity2857 treatment, a multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effect. Trans-arterial Radio Embolization also represents a promising new approach to intermediate/advanced @entity157 . Post-marketing clinical studies showed that only a portion of @entity1 actually benefits from @entity2857 treatment, and an even smaller percentage of @entity1 treated shows partial/complete response on follow-up examinations, up against relevant costs and an incidence of drug related adverse effects. Although the treatment with @entity2857 has shown a significant increase in mean overall survival in different studies, only a part of @entity1 actually shows real benefits, while the incidence of drug related significant adverse effects and the economic costs are relatively high. Moreover, only a small percentage of @entity1 also shows a response in terms of lesion dimensions reduction. Being able to properly differentiate @entity1 who are responding to the therapy from non-responders as early as possible is then still difficult and could be a pivotal challenge for the future; in fact it could spare several @entity1 a therapy often difficult to bear, directing them to other second line treatments (many of which are at the moment still under investigation). For this reason, some supplemental criteria to be added to the standard modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors evaluation are being searched for. In particular, finding some parameters (cellular density, perfusion grade and enhancement rate) able to predict the sensitivity of the lesions to anti-angiogenic agents could help in stratifying @entity1 in terms of treatment responsiveness before the beginning of the therapy itself, or in the first weeks of @entity2857 treatment. This would bring a strongly desirable help in clinical managements of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity2857 : Diagnosis, indications, clinical and radiological follow-up.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: This study investigated the role of maternal behavior on the long-term effects of postnatal manipulation (15 min of daily separation from the dam and exposure to clean bedding from Day 1 to Day 14 of postnatal life) on emotionality in the @entity19 . Mothers were treated with an antianxiety agent ( @entity8685 : 5 mg/kg), daily upon removal of the litter from the nest. Emotionality in adult offspring was tested in the elevated plus maze. @entity19 manipulated during postnatal development were more explorative and less anxious than unhandled @entity19 , but this effect was not observable in the offspring of @entity8685 -treated dams. No effect of maternal @entity8685 was observed in unhandled offspring. The pharmacological treatment of the mother did not affect either @entity25516 during separation, or maternal behavior far apart from the daily manipulation sessions. By contrast, @entity8685 -treated dams were less responsive toward pups upon reunion following daily separation. This alteration of dams' behavior was not related to alterations in the amount of ultrasonic calls emitted by pups during reunion. Finally, when dams were daily injected with @entity8685 far apart from pups' removal, the pharmacological treatment was devoid of effects. These results support the view that the mother- @entity1 interaction which follows separation plays a major role in determining the effects of postnatal manipulations on @entity4479 .

title: Long-term effects of postnatal manipulation on emotionality are prevented by maternal anxiolytic treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adult emotionality']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlordiazepoxide']

entities_list: @entity25516 :: ('MESH:C565984', 'Disease') :: ["pups' ultrasonic calling"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate arterial morphology and function in a national cohort of long-term survivors of high-risk @entity521 ( @entity521 ) treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with or without @entity348 ( @entity348 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Common carotid, femoral, brachial, and radial artery morphology were assessed with very-high-resolution vascular ultrasound (25-55 MHz), and carotid artery stiffness and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation measured with conventional vascular ultrasound in 19 adult or pubertal (age 22.7    4.9 years, range 16-30) @entity521 survivors transplanted during 1984-1999 at the mean age of 2.5    1.0 years. Results were compared with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The cardiovascular risk assessment included history, body mass index, fasting plasma lipids, @entity413 , and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP). The survivors had consistently smaller arterial lumens, increased carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ), plaque formation (N = 3), and stiffness, as well as increased radial artery intima thickness (N = 5) compared with the control group. Survivors displayed higher plasma @entity412 and @entity165 levels, and increased heart rate, as well as increased systolic and diastolic BPs. @entity348 (N = 10) and a low body surface area were independent predictors for decreased arterial lumen size and increased @entity121 . Three out of five survivors with subclinical intima thickening had arterial plaques. Plaques occurred only among @entity348 -treated survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term childhood @entity5 survivors treated with @entity348 during early childhood display significant signs of premature arterial aging during young adulthood.

title: Radiotherapy-related arterial intima thickening and plaque formation in childhood XXXX survivors detected with very-high resolution ultrasound during young adulthood.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'NBL']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Infections of the prostate by bacteria, @entity1 papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, xenotropic @entity19 @entity1778 virus (MLV)-related gammaretroviruses, @entity1 cytomegaloviruses and other members of the herpesvirus family have been widely researched. However, many studies have yielded conflicting and controversial results. In this study, we systematically investigated the transcriptomes of @entity1 prostate samples for the unique genomic signatures of these pathogens using RNA-seq data from both western and Chinese @entity1 . @entity1 and nonhuman RNA-seq reads were mapped onto @entity1 and pathogen reference genomes respectively using alignment tools Bowtie and BLAT. Pathogen infections and integrations were analyzed in adherence with the standards from published studies. Among the nine pathogens ( @entity5478 , HPV, HCMV, XMRV, @entity8999 , JCV, SV40, EBV, and @entity97 ) we analyzed, @entity5478 genes were detected in all @entity263 samples and all adjacent samples, but not in prostate samples from healthy individuals. SV40, HCMV, EBV and low-risk HPVs transcripts were detected in one @entity5 sample and two adjacent samples from @entity263 @entity1 , but not in any samples of @entity263 @entity1 ; XMRV, @entity8999 and JCV sequences were not identified in our work; @entity97 , as a negative control, was absent from any samples. Moreover, no pathogen integration was identified in our study. While further validation is required, our analysis provides evidence of @entity5478 infections in @entity1 @entity263 . Noted differences in viral infections across ethnicity remain to be confirmed with other @entity263 data sets. The effects of @entity2348 and their contributions to @entity263 pathogenesis will require continuous research on associated pathogens.

title: Identification of Pathogen Signatures in XXXX Using RNA-seq.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['western prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors', 'large prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor', 'Chinese prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and viral infections']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical examination of the expression and localization of neurofilament (NF) proteins and @entity22262 in spinal @entity17505 (twy/twy) @entity19 with progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biologic functions of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the @entity19 cervical spinal cord during chronic mechanical compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathologic and repair process in the chronically compressed spinal cord are understood poorly. The present authors hypothesized that there existed an increased expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in twy/twy @entity19 during the lengthy period of @entity1745 , which resembles @entity1745 . METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 54 twy @entity19 (aged 8 weeks [n = 18], 14 weeks [n = 18], and 20 weeks [n = 18]) and 18 control animals were examined histologically. Using appropriate antibodies, sections were also stained immunohistochemically for NF proteins and @entity22262 . RESULTS: Separation of the myelin sheath from the axon and @entity4 with deformation were detected in the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinalcords of 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 . No such changes were noted in 8-week-old twy @entity19 . In twy/twy @entity19 aged 8 and 14 weeks with mild-to-moderate compression, weak immunoreactivities (mainly in the white matter) for NF proteins and @entity22262 were noted; however, in 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 , these axons stained strongly positive and immunoreactive swollen axons were present. The relative area of @entity22262 immunoreactive axons gradually increased between 8 and 20 weeks in each column, particularly in the anterior and lateral funiculi in the contralateral side of compression. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the white matter increased proportionally with the magnitude of @entity1745 , and indicated the possible involvement of @entity22262 in both @entity528 and repair processes in the chronically compressed spinal cord.

title: Progressive changes in neurofilament proteins and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivities at the site of cervical XXXX in spinal @entity17505 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axonal swelling']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'compressive myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity17505 :: ('MESH:C537115', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostotic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical examination of the expression and localization of neurofilament (NF) proteins and @entity22262 in spinal @entity17505 (twy/twy) @entity19 with progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biologic functions of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the @entity19 cervical spinal cord during chronic mechanical compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathologic and repair process in the chronically compressed spinal cord are understood poorly. The present authors hypothesized that there existed an increased expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in twy/twy @entity19 during the lengthy period of @entity1745 , which resembles @entity1745 . METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 54 twy @entity19 (aged 8 weeks [n = 18], 14 weeks [n = 18], and 20 weeks [n = 18]) and 18 control animals were examined histologically. Using appropriate antibodies, sections were also stained immunohistochemically for NF proteins and @entity22262 . RESULTS: Separation of the myelin sheath from the axon and @entity4 with deformation were detected in the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinalcords of 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 . No such changes were noted in 8-week-old twy @entity19 . In twy/twy @entity19 aged 8 and 14 weeks with mild-to-moderate compression, weak immunoreactivities (mainly in the white matter) for NF proteins and @entity22262 were noted; however, in 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 , these axons stained strongly positive and immunoreactive swollen axons were present. The relative area of @entity22262 immunoreactive axons gradually increased between 8 and 20 weeks in each column, particularly in the anterior and lateral funiculi in the contralateral side of compression. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the white matter increased proportionally with the magnitude of @entity1745 , and indicated the possible involvement of @entity22262 in both @entity528 and repair processes in the chronically compressed spinal cord.

title: Progressive changes in neurofilament proteins and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivities at the site of cervical @entity1745 in spinal XXXX @entity19 .

answer: @entity17505 :: (MESH:C537115,Disease) :: ['hyperostotic']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical examination of the expression and localization of neurofilament (NF) proteins and @entity22262 in spinal @entity17505 (twy/twy) @entity19 with progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biologic functions of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the @entity19 cervical spinal cord during chronic mechanical compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathologic and repair process in the chronically compressed spinal cord are understood poorly. The present authors hypothesized that there existed an increased expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in twy/twy @entity19 during the lengthy period of @entity1745 , which resembles @entity1745 . METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 54 twy @entity19 (aged 8 weeks [n = 18], 14 weeks [n = 18], and 20 weeks [n = 18]) and 18 control animals were examined histologically. Using appropriate antibodies, sections were also stained immunohistochemically for NF proteins and @entity22262 . RESULTS: Separation of the myelin sheath from the axon and @entity4 with deformation were detected in the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinalcords of 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 . No such changes were noted in 8-week-old twy @entity19 . In twy/twy @entity19 aged 8 and 14 weeks with mild-to-moderate compression, weak immunoreactivities (mainly in the white matter) for NF proteins and @entity22262 were noted; however, in 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 , these axons stained strongly positive and immunoreactive swollen axons were present. The relative area of @entity22262 immunoreactive axons gradually increased between 8 and 20 weeks in each column, particularly in the anterior and lateral funiculi in the contralateral side of compression. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the white matter increased proportionally with the magnitude of @entity1745 , and indicated the possible involvement of @entity22262 in both @entity528 and repair processes in the chronically compressed spinal cord.

title: Progressive changes in neurofilament proteins and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivities at the site of cervical @entity1745 in spinal @entity17505 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Clinical spectrum of @entity3949 is variable; it may be asymptomatic, but once established as @entity305 , it is irreversible and may finally be disabling. To estimate the prevalence of subclinical @entity3949 in the UAE, we undertook a pilot study by means of nerve conduction study (NCS) of peroneal motor and sural sensory studies in 60 @entity6 with no symptoms of @entity16 . Neurological examination revealed clinical abnormalities suggesting @entity305 in 26 @entity1 , 43% of the @entity1 . NCS revealed abnormal values in 63% of the whole @entity1 . Abnormal NCS was confirmed in 88% of the positive sign group. As to the negative sign group 44% had abnormalities in NCS. Prolonged F-wave latency was seen in 29% in no sign group and in 66% of the @entity1 with positive signs. We found close association between @entity51 score and abnormalities in NCS. Among various parameter of systemic nerve conduction study in subclinical @entity1 , prolonged F-wave latency seems the commonest abnormality suggesting morphological changes in subclinical @entity6 . Decrease in amplitude of compound sensory action potential of sural nerve is another @entity854 , which is, then, accompanied by a fall in motor amplitude of peroneal nerve in advanced @entity1 . Recently, our own group of Hirosaki has demonstrated that somatosensory central conduction time (CCT) between the spinal cord entry time and the arrival time to the sensory cortex is prolonged in @entity6 . This abnormality might be partly responsible for the irreversible sensory deficits of @entity3949 .

title: Electrophysiological changes in XXXX : from subclinical alterations to disabling abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nerve', 'diabetics']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['earlier abnormality']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and their metabolites are excreted renally and doses should hence be reduced in @entity177 . We studied whether the dosage of @entity4688 in daily clinical practice is associated with drug accumulation of enalaprilat in @entity177 . METHODS: Fifty nine out- @entity1 with plasma @entity1011 >150 micromol/L and chronic antihypertensive treatment with @entity4688 were investigated, in a cross-sectional design. RESULTS: Median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 23(range 6-60) ml/minute/1.73 m2. The daily dose of @entity4688 was 10 (2.5-20) mg and the trough serum concentration of enalaprilat was 31.8 (<2.5-584.7)ng/ml. Ninety percent of the @entity1 had higher serum concentrations of enalaprilat than has been reported in subjects with normal kidney function, and a marked elevation of serum enalaprilat was observed in @entity1 with GFR <30 ml/minute. All but three patients had serum @entity1289 activity below the reference range. The @entity1289 genotype did not influence the results. Additional pharmacokinetic studies were done in nine @entity1 in whom GFR was 23 (10-42)ml/minute/1.73 m2. The median clearance of enalaprilat was 28 (16-68) ml/minute and correlated linearly with GFR (r=0.86, p=0.003). Intra-subject day-to-day variation in trough concentrations was 19.7%. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity177 given small or moderately high doses of @entity4688 may thus have markedly elevated levels of serum enalaprilat. Whether this affords extra renoprotection, or on the contrary may inappropriately impair renal function, is not known, and should be investigated in prospective, controlled studies.

title: High serum enalaprilat in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To prospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by using a multiple-electrode switching system to treat 2.0-5.0-cm @entity2 . Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this prospective phase II study. Written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Between September 2009 and July 2011, RFA using two or three radiofrequency (RF) electrodes and a multiple-electrode switching system was performed for @entity2 with a maximum @entity5 diameter of 2.0-5.0 cm in nonsurgical candidates. The primary endpoint was safety, as evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. @entity1 were observed for at least 1 year. Local @entity5 progression and overall survival were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Thirty-three @entity1 (26 @entity1 , seven @entity1 ; mean age, 70.5 years    10.0; age range, 46-87 years) with 35 @entity2 with a mean maximum diameter of 3.0 cm    0.7 (standard deviation; range, 2.0-4.4 cm) underwent treatment in 35 sessions. No procedure-related @entity204 or grade 4 adverse events (AEs) occurred. Grade 3 AEs occurred in four @entity1 (12%), with @entity1143 requiring chest tube placement in two @entity1 , pneumothorax requiring @entity456 in one @entity1 , and @entity548 requiring pulmonary artery coil embolization in one @entity1 . Grade 2 AEs were detected in 13 @entity1 (39%). The 1-year local @entity5 progression and overall survival rates were 12.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 25.5) and 81.2% (95% CI: 67.6, 94.8). Conclusion RFA with a multiple-electrode switching system may be a safe therapeutic option with which to treat 2.0-5.0-cm lung cancer @entity5 . (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: Radiofrequency Ablation Using a Multiple-Electrode Switching System for XXXX with 2.0-5.0-cm Maximum Diameter: Phase II Clinical Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'malignant lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesion']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis of relationship between sperm pathology and elevated humoral and/or cell-mediated antisperm @entity792 in male partners from infertile couples. DESIGN: Analytic study. SETTING: Department of Immunobiology, Institute for the Care of Mother and @entity1 , Prague. METHODS: Sperm samples were evaluated according to WHO rules. Sperm-bound antisperm autoantibodies (ASA) were determined by SpermMar Test (FertiPro N. V., Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium). For evaluation of cell-mediated antisperm @entity792 (CMAA) the authors used their own modification of migration-inhibition test (Dimitrov et al., J. Immunol. Methods 154: 147, 1992). RESULTS: The pool of @entity1 was divided into groups according to the result of sperm examination: normozoospermia (740 @entity1 ), @entity19474 (244), teratozoospermia (191), oligoasthenozoospermia levis (61), oligoasthenozoospermia gravis (29), oligoteratozoospermia (82), and @entity3893 (54). Subgroup of fertile @entity1 (32) consisted of normozoospermic @entity1 --fathers of @entity1 younger than 3 years. Percentage of sperm-bound ASA-positive samples was significantly higher in @entity19474 in comparison with normozoospermia in both IgA (20.8% versus 10.6%) and IgG classes (13.8% vs 6.8%). Positivity of CMAA was significantly more frequent in group of asthenozoospermic (52%) than in normozoospermic (28.5%) and fertile (12.5%) men. CONCLUSION: Antisperm @entity792 , namely its cell-mediated form, appears to play a significant role in impairment of spermiogenesis. Sperm-bound autoantibodies were found more frequently in @entity19474 , but also in some @entity1 with normozoospermia they may impair fertility.

title: [Role of sperm antibodies and cellular XXXX to sperm in the pathogenesis of male infertility].

entities_list: @entity19474 :: ('MESH:D053627', 'Disease') :: ['asthenozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: As a response to the UK Health Department's "two week @entity5 wait" initiative a one stop @entity2210 clinic based on a nurse endoscopist was introduced, and the first 100 cases attending this clinic have been audited. After referral on a purpose designed form, @entity1 were assessed by a gastroenterologist and then investigated at the same visit--where possible and appropriate--by endoscopy or ultrasound scan. All endoscopies were performed by a trained nurse specialist. Of the 100 @entity1 , 84 were gastroscoped the same day and 11 had an ultrasound scan. Inappropriate tests were avoided in 16% of referrals. The commonest endoscopic diagnoses were minor oesophageal or gastroduodenal @entity32 (64% of gastroscopies). Only six oesophageal or @entity356 were found--all at an advanced stage--and three further @entity5 were diagnosed. Only a minority (12%) of the @entity1 with "alarm symptoms" had @entity5 . The waiting time for an appointment rose progressively during the first six months of the clinic. The system was popular with @entity1 as most of them (70%) were dealt with at a single hospital attendance. Basing the endoscopy practice on a trained nurse specialist not only facilitated the creation of the service by maximising the use of scarce resources, but also improved communication and overall management of @entity1 .

title: Audit of a nurse endoscopist based one stop XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and to determine the repeatability of recurrent @entity26641 PET scans in @entity1 with oesophageal (EC) and @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 @entity1 were scanned in total; seven @entity1 (4 EC/3 PC) were scanned 2, 3 and 4h post injection (PI) of @entity26641 and 25 @entity1 (15 EC/10 PC) were scanned twice 3.5h PI, on two separate days (median 4, range 1-9days). Maximum @entity5 to background ratio (TBRmax) and the @entity5 (HV) (TBR>1.0) were calculated. Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Agreement in localization was calculated as the distance between the centres of mass in the HVs. RESULTS: For EC, the TBRmax in the @entity5 (mean  SD) was 1.87  0.46 with a coefficient of repeatability (CoR) of 0.53 (28% of mean). The HV ranged from 3.4 to 98.8ml with a CoR of 5.1ml. For PC, the TBRmax was 1.72  0.23 with a CoR of 0.27 (16% of mean). The HV ranged from 4.6 to 104.0ml with a CoR of 7.8ml. The distance between the centres of mass in the HV was 2.2  1.3mm for EC and 2.1  1.5mm for PC. CONCLUSIONS: PET scanning with @entity26641 was feasible in both EC and PC @entity1 . Amount and location of elevated @entity26641 uptake showed good repeatability, suggesting @entity26641 PET could be a promising tool for radiation therapy planning and treatment response monitoring in EC and PC @entity1 .

title: Feasibility and repeatability of PET with the hypoxia tracer @entity26641 in oesophageal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic (PC) cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour hypoxic volume', 'tumour']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and to determine the repeatability of recurrent @entity26641 PET scans in @entity1 with oesophageal (EC) and @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 @entity1 were scanned in total; seven @entity1 (4 EC/3 PC) were scanned 2, 3 and 4h post injection (PI) of @entity26641 and 25 @entity1 (15 EC/10 PC) were scanned twice 3.5h PI, on two separate days (median 4, range 1-9days). Maximum @entity5 to background ratio (TBRmax) and the @entity5 (HV) (TBR>1.0) were calculated. Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Agreement in localization was calculated as the distance between the centres of mass in the HVs. RESULTS: For EC, the TBRmax in the @entity5 (mean  SD) was 1.87  0.46 with a coefficient of repeatability (CoR) of 0.53 (28% of mean). The HV ranged from 3.4 to 98.8ml with a CoR of 5.1ml. For PC, the TBRmax was 1.72  0.23 with a CoR of 0.27 (16% of mean). The HV ranged from 4.6 to 104.0ml with a CoR of 7.8ml. The distance between the centres of mass in the HV was 2.2  1.3mm for EC and 2.1  1.5mm for PC. CONCLUSIONS: PET scanning with @entity26641 was feasible in both EC and PC @entity1 . Amount and location of elevated @entity26641 uptake showed good repeatability, suggesting @entity26641 PET could be a promising tool for radiation therapy planning and treatment response monitoring in EC and PC @entity1 .

title: Feasibility and repeatability of PET with the hypoxia tracer XXXX in oesophageal and @entity788 .

answer: @entity26641 :: (MESH:C553729,Chemical) :: ['[(18)F]HX4']


abstract: The purpose of the oncogenetic consultation, is to respond to @entity1 who wonder about their risk of developing a @entity5 and wish to learn about ways of prevention and detection. The object of this investigation is (1) to study the impact of a first consultation in genetics on the quality of life and the psychology of @entity1 with a family history of @entity5 , and @entity1 with or without family antecedents but who suffered themselves from @entity0 at an early age (< or = 35 years); (2) to evaluate their risk perception and their comprehension of the information after the consultation. The study was performed on 200 @entity1 attending a first consultation at Institut Curie. Fifty-nine of them had no @entity5 . Among the 141 consultants with @entity5 , 54 had developed @entity0 at an early age (< or = 35 years). Their quality of life, their psychological state and their knowledge of the risk of @entity0 were evaluated before consulting and 6-8 months afterwards. Before consulting, their quality of life was altered in some (non-relational) fields but their psychic condition was relatively maintained. Six-nine months after consulting, their quality of life had not deteriorated, but tests results on their psychological state were not as good. The @entity1613 , itself related to the medical status of the consulting @entity1 , was the most significant predictor of their quality of life a few months after their first genetics consultation. After consulting, the @entity1 expressed satisfaction with the information delivered by the genetician and their appreciation of @entity5 risks was improved.

title: [Psychosocial impact of the first oncogenetic consultation in a familial context of XXXX of the breast and the ovary].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial psychic condition']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Upregulation of cyclin E and @entity4910 -6 accelerates the transition from G1 to S phase. The objective of this study was to determine if @entity4910 and E are prognostic indicators in @entity1204 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically-treated @entity1 with @entity1204 had their @entity5 stained for nuclear expression of @entity4910 . Quantification of staining and measurement of growth phase fraction were performed using image analysis. FIGO stage, grade, and histology were also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity4910 and E expression was unrelated to DNA index (p = 0.93). While @entity4910 expression did not correlate with S+G2M phase fraction (p = 0.69), increased cyclin E expression was directly correlated with increased S+G2M phase fraction (p = 0.002). Cyclin E expression was highest in clear cell @entity189 (p = 0.042) while @entity4910 expression was highest in @entity1962 (p = 0.028). @entity1 dying from @entity5 had significantly higher expression of @entity4910 (p = 0.042) and E (p = 0.02) as compared to @entity1 surviving their disease. Multivariate logistic regression revealed FIGO stage, grade, and lack of cyclin E overexpression to be independent prognostic indicators of survival. CONCLUSION: Cyclin E expression is related to @entity851 , clear cell histology, and decreased survival in @entity1 with @entity1204 .

title: Cyclin E is overexpressed by clear cell XXXX of the endometrium and is a prognostic indicator of survival.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['increased growth fraction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4910 :: ('595', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin D1', 'Cyclin D1', 'cyclin D1 and E']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: A 12-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of persistent @entity811 with @entity644 . He was found to have @entity854 by a school mass-screening and visited a hospital, where a routine examination revealed @entity644 of 190 mg/d/, @entity811 of 2+ and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) of 1: 320 with a speckled pattern. The other laboratory findings, including anti-DNA antibody were unremarkable. Hypocomplementemia was not seen. Although he had no disabilities and manifestations suggesting @entity1252 , @entity854 persisted. Percutaneous renal biopsy findings demonstrated stage II diffuse @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Neither @entity1956 virus antigens and antibodies nor @entity10745 virus antibody were detected in his sera. Thus, the diagnosis of idiopathic @entity631 was made. Initiation of a 6-month course of alternate-day @entity617 (an initial dosage at 30 mg) combined with an anti-thrombocyte agent resulted in gradual subsidence of the @entity854 and ANA titer. Although pathogenesis of his @entity631 remains speculative, possible activation of autoimmunities, which led to ANA positivity, might be responsible.

title: [A XXXX case of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with isolated anti-nuclear antibody detected by urine mass-screening of school @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['anti-hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis C']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['urine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis', 'MGN']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: A 12-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of persistent @entity811 with @entity644 . He was found to have @entity854 by a school mass-screening and visited a hospital, where a routine examination revealed @entity644 of 190 mg/d/, @entity811 of 2+ and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) of 1: 320 with a speckled pattern. The other laboratory findings, including anti-DNA antibody were unremarkable. Hypocomplementemia was not seen. Although he had no disabilities and manifestations suggesting @entity1252 , @entity854 persisted. Percutaneous renal biopsy findings demonstrated stage II diffuse @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Neither @entity1956 virus antigens and antibodies nor @entity10745 virus antibody were detected in his sera. Thus, the diagnosis of idiopathic @entity631 was made. Initiation of a 6-month course of alternate-day @entity617 (an initial dosage at 30 mg) combined with an anti-thrombocyte agent resulted in gradual subsidence of the @entity854 and ANA titer. Although pathogenesis of his @entity631 remains speculative, possible activation of autoimmunities, which led to ANA positivity, might be responsible.

title: [A @entity1 case of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with isolated anti-nuclear antibody detected by urine mass-screening of school XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity731 is the most severe problem in the high-pressure systemic circulation and similar changes also occur in the high-pressure loading valve. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that early @entity731 , induced by a high @entity165 diet in @entity95 , is characterized by significant ultrastructural change in the elastic laminae of the aortic valve. However, it is not known whether this process is also taking place in the cardiac valve at the early stage of @entity731 . Animals were fed either a high @entity165 diet (n = 5) or a control diet (n = 5) for 10-12 weeks. Histologic analysis demonstrated that subendothelial thickening and foam-cell infiltration were evident in the arterialis of aortic valves. Confocal microscopy revealed an altered pattern characterized by fragmentation and disorganization of the arterialis elastic laminae of @entity340 . Computerized digital analysis of the images obtained by confocal scanning microscopy demonstrated that compared to normal valves, the arterialis elastic laminae of @entity340 decreased in percentage of their @entity21341 content (29.03 +/- 1.10% vs. 42.94 +/- 1.35%, p = 0.023). Immunohistochemical staining for @entity21182 ( @entity21182 ) revealed @entity21182 immunoreactivity was increased in @entity340 , predominantly in the arterialis. This study demonstrated that early @entity731 , induced by a high @entity165 diet in @entity95 , is characterized by significant ultrastructural change in the elastic laminae of the aortic valve. The arterialis endothelium of the aortic valve may be a more @entity731 -prone area compared with the ventricularis. The presence of ultrastructural defect in the elastic laminae may play a role in chronic @entity340 .

title: Experimental hypercholesterolemia induces ultrastructural changes in the elastic laminae of XXXX aortic valve.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative change and a resultant valvular dysfunction', 'hypercholesterolemic valves']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: To investigate the mechanism of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the @entity955 were studied in 7 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) and in 7 control individuals. The MAPs were recorded using a contact catheter during sinus rhythm and continuous pacing at the @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) with pacing cycle lengths of 600, 500 and 400 ms. MAPs were obtained from 6 sites in each @entity1 . The MAPD90 was measured from onset to 90% of MAP repolarization. Average, maximal and minimal MAPD90 (avMAPD90, maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90) were obtained from all @entity1 . The dispersion of MAPD90 (dispMAPD90) was defined as the difference between maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90. The width of each atrial potential (WAP) and the wavelength index (WLI=MAPD90/WAP) were determined. Average, maximal and minimal WLI (avWLI, maxWLI and minWLI) were obtained from all @entity1 . The avMAPD90 and maxMAPD90 did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The minMAPD90 in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity13678 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (210+/-18ms vs 245+/-14 ms, p<0.05; 207+/-23 ms vs 238+/-20 ms, p<0.05; respectively). The dispMAPD90 was significantly longer in the PAF group than in the control group during sinus and @entity13678 pacing. The WAP value did not differ between the 2 groups. The minWLI in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity13678 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (3.3+/-0.5 vs 3.8+/-0.3, p<0.05; 3.2+/-0.4 vs 3.7+/-0.3, p<0.02). A shortened and widened dispersion of atrial refractoriness may play an important role in the genesis of @entity955 . Furthermore, smaller wavelengths may form in the atrium of @entity1 with PAF.

title: Monophasic action potentials of the right atrium in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['HRA', 'high right atrium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'atrial myocardium']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: To investigate the mechanism of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the @entity955 were studied in 7 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) and in 7 control individuals. The MAPs were recorded using a contact catheter during sinus rhythm and continuous pacing at the @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) with pacing cycle lengths of 600, 500 and 400 ms. MAPs were obtained from 6 sites in each @entity1 . The MAPD90 was measured from onset to 90% of MAP repolarization. Average, maximal and minimal MAPD90 (avMAPD90, maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90) were obtained from all @entity1 . The dispersion of MAPD90 (dispMAPD90) was defined as the difference between maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90. The width of each atrial potential (WAP) and the wavelength index (WLI=MAPD90/WAP) were determined. Average, maximal and minimal WLI (avWLI, maxWLI and minWLI) were obtained from all @entity1 . The avMAPD90 and maxMAPD90 did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The minMAPD90 in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity13678 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (210+/-18ms vs 245+/-14 ms, p<0.05; 207+/-23 ms vs 238+/-20 ms, p<0.05; respectively). The dispMAPD90 was significantly longer in the PAF group than in the control group during sinus and @entity13678 pacing. The WAP value did not differ between the 2 groups. The minWLI in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity13678 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (3.3+/-0.5 vs 3.8+/-0.3, p<0.05; 3.2+/-0.4 vs 3.7+/-0.3, p<0.02). A shortened and widened dispersion of atrial refractoriness may play an important role in the genesis of @entity955 . Furthermore, smaller wavelengths may form in the atrium of @entity1 with PAF.

title: Monophasic action potentials of the right atrium in XXXX with @entity955 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a generic tape tailored from type 1 monofilamentous, macroporous @entity7502 mesh during transobturator tape (TOT) surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in a tertiary center in Cairo, Egypt, between July 2004 and December 2013. @entity1 with stress @entity322 scheduled for TOT surgery using the outside-in technique were recruited. Monarc tape was used in all @entity1 until November 2005, after which it was used for @entity1 who could afford it only; generic tape was used in the other @entity1 . The primary outcome measures were the objective and subjective cure rates. RESULTS: Overall, 431 @entity1 were included in analyses. After 5years of follow-up, objective cure was achieved in 143 (94.1%) of 152 @entity1 who received Monarc tape and 249 (89.2%) of 279 who received the generic tape (P=0.135). Subjective cure was achieved in 121 (79.6%) @entity1 who received the Monarc tape and 236 (84.6%) @entity1 who received the generic tape (P=0.229). There were no significant between-group differences in postoperative urgency, de novo urgency, urge @entity322 , @entity409 , urinary retention, @entity365 , or the frequency of TOT-related reoperation or repeat anti- @entity322 procedures. CONCLUSION: The TOT outside-in procedure can be easily, safely, and effectively performed in low-resource settings using a generic @entity7502 tape.

title: Treatment of stress XXXX with a generic transobturator tape.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal erosion']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']