abstract: BACKGROUND: The need to integrate economic and epidemiological aspects in the clinical perspective leads to a proposal for the analysis of health disparities and to an evaluation of the health services and of the new challenges which are now being faced by health system reforms in middle income countries. OBJECTIVE: To identify the epidemiological changes, the demand for health services and economic burden from @entity102 ( @entity6 and @entity101 ) in a middle income county. METHODS: We conducted longitudinal analyses of costs and epidemiological changes for @entity6 and @entity101 in the Mexican health system. The study population included both the insured and uninsured populations. The cost-evaluation method was used, based on the instrumentation and consensus techniques. To estimate the epidemiological changes and financial consequences for 2014-2016, six models were constructed according to the Box-Jenkins technique, using confidence intervals of 95%, and the Box-Pierce test. RESULTS: Regarding epidemiological changes expected in both diseases for 2014 vs. 2016, an increase is expected, although results predict a greater increase for @entity6 , 8-12% in all three studied institutions, (p < .05). Indeed, in the case of @entity6 , the increase was 41469 cases for uninsured population (SSA) and 65737 for the insured population (IMSS and ISSSTE). On @entity101 cases the increase was 38109 for uninsured vs 62895 for insured. Costs in US  ranged from  699 to  748 for annual case management per @entity1 in the case of @entity6 , and from  485 to  622 in @entity1 with @entity101 . Comparing financial consequences of health services required by insured and uninsured populations, the greater increase (23%) will be for the insured population (p < .05). The financial requirements of both diseases will amount to 19.5% of the total budget for the uninsured and 12.5% for the insured population. CONCLUSIONS: If the risk factors and the different health care models remain as they currently are, the economic impact of expected epidemiological changes on the social security system will be particularly strong. Another relevant challenge is the appearance of internal competition in the use and allocation of financial resources with programs for other chronic and @entity166 .

title: Costs and Epidemiological Changes of XXXX : Implications and Challenges for Health Systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic Diseases']


abstract: This study examined the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fat on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in eight normal male subjects. The influence of these diets on fecal @entity5068 excretion was also measured in four of the subjects. When compared with the saturated fat diet, the polyunsaturated diet lowered both plasma @entity165 polyunsaturated diet lowered both plasma @entity165 (23%, P less than 0.001) and @entity412 (14%, P less than 0.001) levels. Sixty-seven percent of the reduction in the former lipid resulted from a fall in LDL @entity165 (23%, P less than 0.001), although very low density (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 levels also fell (by 27% and 20% of their respective control value). These changes were accompanied by significant alterations in LDL composition. Specifically, during polyunsaturated fat feeding, the relative percentage @entity165 in the LDL fraction fell while that of phospholipid rose. There was no change in the percentage protein or @entity412 . The @entity844 components of LDL @entity412 , @entity8557 , and phospholipid were also affected by dietary fat saturation level. Overall, polyunsaturated fat feeding produced an enrichment in linoleate with reciprocal changes in @entity2365 , stearate, and @entity3952 which affected @entity1674 more than @entity8557 and phospholipids. The above changes in LDL composition were associated with alterations in the metabolism of LDL apoprotein (apoLDL). The polyunsaturated deit lowered plasma apoLDL by 13% (P less than 0.05). This resulted from an increase in the fractional catabolic rate of LDL (whether determined by plasma decay curve analysis (P less than 0.05) or urine/plasma radioactivity ratios (P less than 0.001) without significant alteration of its corporeal distribution or synthetic rate. The polyunsaturated fat diet did not cause a consistent change in fecal neutral or acidic @entity134 excretion. We conclude that the hypocholesterolemic action of polyunsaturated fat diets is effected by multiple mechanisms whose expression may vary from @entity1 to @entity1 .

title: Effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fat diets on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this analysis was to determine the agreement between body mass index-based and cholesterol-based ten-year Framingham general @entity65 risk scores among a convenience sample of 773 South Asian Canadian adults attending community-based screening clinics. Scores were calculated using age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive use, current smoking, @entity6 , and total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (for cholesterol-based risk) or height and weight (for body mass index-based risk). Mean risk score differences (body mass index-based risk minus cholesterol-based risk) were estimated using paired t-tests. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between scores. Finally, agreement across risk categories (low [<10%], moderate [10% to <20%], high [> = 20%]) was examined using the kappa statistic. Average agreement between the two risk scores was quite good overall (mean differences of 0.6% for @entity1 and 0.5% for @entity1 ), but increased to about 3% among @entity1 60-74 years of age. However, Bland-Altman plots revealed that the differences between the two scores and the variability of the differences increased with increasing average 10-year risk. In terms of clinical importance, the limits of agreement were reasonable for @entity1 < 60 years (95% confidence interval: -3.2% to 3.1%), but of concern for @entity1 60-74 years (95% confidence interval: -6.0% to 12.3%), @entity1 < 60 years (95% confidence interval: -7.1% to 7.3%) and @entity1 6-074 years (95% confidence interval: -13.8% to 18.8%). Agreement across categories was moderate for most sex and age groups examined (kappa values: 0.51 for @entity1 < 60 years, 0.50 for @entity1 60-74 years, 0.65 for @entity1 < 60 years), except for @entity1 60-74 years, where agreement was only fair (kappa = 0.26). In light of these disagreements, evaluation of a @entity1 's change in @entity65 risk over time will necessitate use of the same risk score (i.e., either body mass index-based or cholesterol-based) at all screening sessions.

title: Framingham Ten-Year General XXXX Risk: Agreement between BMI-Based and Cholesterol-Based Estimates in a South Asian Convenience Sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prospective efficacy of a future peripheral retinal prosthesis complementing residual vision to raise mobility performance in non-end stage @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) was evaluated using simulated prosthetic vision (SPV). APPROACH: Normally sighted volunteers were fitted with a wide-angle head-mounted display and carried out mobility tasks in photorealistic virtual pedestrian scenarios. Circumvention of low-lying obstacles, path following, and navigating around static and moving pedestrians were performed either with central simulated residual vision of 10   alone or enhanced by assistive SPV in the lower and lateral peripheral @entity227 ( @entity227 ). Three layouts of assistive vision corresponding to hypothetical electrode array layouts were compared, emphasizing higher visual acuity, a wider visual angle, or eccentricity-dependent acuity across an intermediate angle. Movement speed, task time, distance walked and collisions with the environment were analysed as performance measures. MAIN RESULTS: Circumvention of low-lying obstacles was improved with all tested configurations of assistive SPV. Higher-acuity assistive vision allowed for greatest improvement in walking speeds-14% above that of @entity227 , while only wide-angle and eccentricity-dependent vision significantly reduced the number of collisions-both by 21%. Navigating around pedestrians, there were significant reductions in collisions with static pedestrians by 33% and task time by 7.7% with the higher-acuity layout. Following a path, higher-acuity assistive vision increased walking speed by 9%, and decreased collisions with stationary cars by 18%. SIGNIFICANCE: The ability of assistive peripheral prosthetic vision to improve mobility performance in @entity1 with constricted VFs has been demonstrated. In a prospective peripheral visual prosthesis, electrode array designs need to be carefully tailored to the scope of tasks in which a device aims to assist. We posit that maximum benefit might come from application alongside existing visual aids, to further raise life quality of @entity1 living through the prolonged early stages of @entity6391 .

title: Towards an assistive peripheral visual prosthesis for long-term treatment of XXXX : evaluating mobility performance in immersive simulations.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF', 'plain residual vision']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: As under-reporting of dietary intake, particularly by overweight and @entity28 subjects, is common in dietary surveys, biases inherent in the use of self-reported dietary information may distort true diet- @entity28 relationships or even create spurious ones. However, empirical evidence of this possibility is limited. The present cross-sectional study compared the relationships of 24 h urine-derived and self-reported intakes of @entity4024 , @entity3529 and protein with @entity28 . A total of 1043 Japanese @entity1 aged 18-22 years completed a 24 h urine collection and a self-administered diet history questionnaire. After adjustment for potential confounders, 24 h urine-derived @entity4024 intake was associated with a higher risk of general @entity28 (BMI>= 25 kg/m2) and @entity1144 (waist circumference>= 80 cm; both P for trend=0  04). For 24 h urine-derived protein intake, positive associations with general and @entity1144 were observed (P for trend=0  02 and 0  053, respectively). For 24 h urine-derived K intake, there was an inverse association with @entity1144 (P for trend=0  01). Conversely, when self-reported dietary information was used, only inverse associations between K intake and general and @entity1144 were observed (P for trend=0  04 and 0  02, respectively), with no associations of @entity4024 or protein intake. In conclusion, we found positive associations of @entity4024 and protein intakes and inverse associations of K intake with @entity28 when using 24 h urinary excretion for estimating dietary intakes. However, no association was observed based on using self-reported dietary intakes, except for inverse association of K intake, suggesting that the ability of self-reported dietary information using the diet history questionnaire for investigating diet- @entity28 relationships is limited.

title: Ability of self-reported estimates of dietary sodium, potassium and protein to detect an association with general and XXXX : comparison with the estimates derived from 24  h urinary excretion.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2953 are common among older adolescents and young adults; hence, STD screening is a public health priority. Home-based STD testing could be a strategy to improve screening rates, particularly among at-risk populations, including sexual minority (i.e., nonheterosexual) young adults. METHODS: Data were collected from a national sample of 971 sexual minority young adults aged 18-26 through an online survey in the fall of 2013. Logistic regression analyses identified associations between respondents' characteristics and their willingness to use a home-based test for @entity1047 and @entity2954 . RESULTS: A greater proportion of @entity1 than of @entity1 were willing to use a home-based STD test (81% vs. 68%). Willingness was more likely among gay than among bisexual @entity1 , among @entity1 insured through their parents than among the uninsured and among those who had had two or more sexual partners in the past year than among those who had had fewer (adjusted odds ratios, 2.0-2.2). Among @entity1 , students were less likely than the employed to report willingness for home-based testing (0.4). Among @entity1 , willingness was more likely among those who reported at least two partners in the past year than among those who reported fewer (1.6). Overall, respondents' most common concerns about home-based STD testing regarded test accuracy, their ability to do the test correctly and their preference to see a doctor for testing. CONCLUSIONS: Home-based STD testing may be a promising strategy for screening sexual minority young adults; understanding correlates of willingness and young adults' concerns may help inform self-testing programs.

title: Acceptability of home-based XXXX and @entity2954 testing among a national sample of sexual minority young adults.

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['Chlamydia']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2953 are common among older adolescents and young adults; hence, STD screening is a public health priority. Home-based STD testing could be a strategy to improve screening rates, particularly among at-risk populations, including sexual minority (i.e., nonheterosexual) young adults. METHODS: Data were collected from a national sample of 971 sexual minority young adults aged 18-26 through an online survey in the fall of 2013. Logistic regression analyses identified associations between respondents' characteristics and their willingness to use a home-based test for @entity1047 and @entity2954 . RESULTS: A greater proportion of @entity1 than of @entity1 were willing to use a home-based STD test (81% vs. 68%). Willingness was more likely among gay than among bisexual @entity1 , among @entity1 insured through their parents than among the uninsured and among those who had had two or more sexual partners in the past year than among those who had had fewer (adjusted odds ratios, 2.0-2.2). Among @entity1 , students were less likely than the employed to report willingness for home-based testing (0.4). Among @entity1 , willingness was more likely among those who reported at least two partners in the past year than among those who reported fewer (1.6). Overall, respondents' most common concerns about home-based STD testing regarded test accuracy, their ability to do the test correctly and their preference to see a doctor for testing. CONCLUSIONS: Home-based STD testing may be a promising strategy for screening sexual minority young adults; understanding correlates of willingness and young adults' concerns may help inform self-testing programs.

title: Acceptability of home-based @entity1047 and XXXX testing among a national sample of sexual minority young adults.

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonorrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether serum angiotensing-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) and uterine artery Doppler (UAD) are useful markers as @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) in a high-risk population. METHODS: @entity1 at risk of @entity1468 (n   =   68) were subclassified as having @entity1468 (n   =   8) or no @entity1468 (n   =   60). Blood samples were obtained between 19 and 22 weeks of gestation. Doppler ultrasound of the uterine arteries was done at the time of blood sampling. Maternal serum @entity1289 was determined through spectrophotometry assay (A15 Biosystem, ATOM, Barcelona, Spain). RESULTS: Comparing the group who presented @entity1468 with the one who was not developed it, we found significant differences for @entity1289 (54.2        21.2, 38.1        12.3 U/L; p   =   0.003); the pulsatility index (PI) (1.2        0, 3.1        0.3; p   =   0.032) and resistance index (RI) (0.7        0.1, 0.5        0.1; p   =   0.004). The AUC for @entity1289 was 0.724, so we selected the cutoff of 36.5   U/L (sensitivity: 62.5% and specificity: 86.7%). The AUC for PI was 0.652 choosing a cutoff of 1.4 (sensitivity: 57.1% and specificity: 93.1%). The AUC for RI was 0.712 and the cutoff of 0.7 (sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity: 89.6%). The combination that allowed us to increase the diagnostic performance was the @entity1289 +RI with Doppler study, increasing the AUC to 0.872. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1289 , PI and RI as parameters of Doppler study were useful predictors of @entity1468 in the second trimester of gestation. The best combination to increase the diagnostic performance was @entity1289 with the RI.

title: Second trimester angiotensing-converting enzyme and uterine artery Doppler as XXXX in a high-risk population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['predictors of preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['predictors of preeclampsia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), the most common and severe type of dystrophinopathy, is an @entity1112 caused by the absence of dystrophin, which leads to @entity2100 and vulnerability of the sarcolemma to mechanical stretching with increased membrane permeability. Currently, glucocorticoids such as @entity617 are the only medication available for @entity1555 . However, molecular pathways responsible for this effect are still unclear. In addition, it remains unclear whether sex-related factors, including pregnancy and the postpartum period, affect the phenotype of dystrophinopathy. Here, we report the amelioration of muscle membrane permeability in the diaphragm muscle of pregnant and postpartum, but not in nulliparous, mdx @entity19 , an animal model for @entity1555 , during the physiological surge of @entity2819 , the most abundant glucocorticoid in rodents. Cultures of single muscle fibers and myotubes isolated from mdx @entity19 diaphragm demonstrate resistance to @entity1457 when treated with @entity2819 but not with @entity53 or @entity1420 . This @entity2819 -mediated resistance was diminished by an antagonist of @entity2819 , indicating that the glucocorticoid-glucocorticoid receptor axis plays a role in this membrane stabilization effect on muscle. Moreover, subcutaneous injection of @entity2819 into mdx @entity19 showed decreased membrane permeability. This is the first report to demonstrate that pregnancy-related resistance to muscle fiber damage in mdx @entity19 due to the membrane stabilization effect of @entity2819 . We also propose that this membrane stabilization effect is exerted through @entity62817 up-regulation as the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid effects on @entity1555 muscle. Furthermore, single muscle fiber culture studies provide a sensitive chemical screening platform for @entity3986 .

title: Pregnancy-Induced Amelioration of XXXX Phenotype in mdx @entity19 via Muscle Membrane Stabilization Effect of Glucocorticoid.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypo-osmotic shock']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['Muscular Dystrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), the most common and severe type of dystrophinopathy, is an @entity1112 caused by the absence of dystrophin, which leads to @entity2100 and vulnerability of the sarcolemma to mechanical stretching with increased membrane permeability. Currently, glucocorticoids such as @entity617 are the only medication available for @entity1555 . However, molecular pathways responsible for this effect are still unclear. In addition, it remains unclear whether sex-related factors, including pregnancy and the postpartum period, affect the phenotype of dystrophinopathy. Here, we report the amelioration of muscle membrane permeability in the diaphragm muscle of pregnant and postpartum, but not in nulliparous, mdx @entity19 , an animal model for @entity1555 , during the physiological surge of @entity2819 , the most abundant glucocorticoid in rodents. Cultures of single muscle fibers and myotubes isolated from mdx @entity19 diaphragm demonstrate resistance to @entity1457 when treated with @entity2819 but not with @entity53 or @entity1420 . This @entity2819 -mediated resistance was diminished by an antagonist of @entity2819 , indicating that the glucocorticoid-glucocorticoid receptor axis plays a role in this membrane stabilization effect on muscle. Moreover, subcutaneous injection of @entity2819 into mdx @entity19 showed decreased membrane permeability. This is the first report to demonstrate that pregnancy-related resistance to muscle fiber damage in mdx @entity19 due to the membrane stabilization effect of @entity2819 . We also propose that this membrane stabilization effect is exerted through @entity62817 up-regulation as the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid effects on @entity1555 muscle. Furthermore, single muscle fiber culture studies provide a sensitive chemical screening platform for @entity3986 .

title: Pregnancy-Induced Amelioration of @entity3986 Phenotype in mdx XXXX via Muscle Membrane Stabilization Effect of Glucocorticoid.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of renal chimney grafts on anatomical suitability for @entity439 repair (EVAR) in @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ). METHODS: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of 206 @entity1 with @entity1755 [175 @entity1 (mean age 75  7.8 years) and 31 @entity1 (mean age of 76  7.5 years)] were evaluated in a dedicated 3-dimensional vascular workstation. Assessment of infrarenal EVAR suitability was based on predefined anatomical variables reflecting the Instructions for Use of commercially available stent-grafts. In @entity1 where @entity439 neck length was the only limiting factor for suitability, reevaluation of the proximal sealing zone was done, accounting for chimney grafts in one or both renal arteries. RESULTS: Seventy (34%) @entity1755 @entity1 were anatomically suitable for EVAR: 65 (37%) of 175 @entity1 and 5 (16%) of 31 @entity1 (p<0.01). Eighty-nine (65%) of the 136 unsuitable @entity1 had @entity439 necks <15 mm long; short neck was the only exclusion criterion in 33 (24%) cases. In the 33 short-necked @entity439 without other limiting factors, a proximal sealing zone >15 mm could potentially be achieved with one or two renal chimney grafts in 12 (36%) and 25 (76%) @entity1 , respectively, increasing overall suitability to 40% and 46%. If access issues could also be solved and a similar strategy with chimneys for the renal arteries was applied, the EVAR suitability would increase further to 58%. CONCLUSION: Roughly one third of @entity1 with @entity1755 are anatomically suitable for EVAR; short @entity439 neck is the most common exclusion criteria. In appropriate cases, chimney grafts in one or both renal arteries may increase overall suitability by 12%. Suitability increases to ~60% when iliac access issues are additionally overcome.

title: Impact of Renal Chimney Grafts on Anatomical Suitability for Endovascular Repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'rAAA']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Proper treatment of @entity565 @entity1 is crucial for long-term control of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment of adult @entity565 @entity1 by primary care physicians in the light of international GINA guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1852 general practitioners (GPs) who were asked to complete questionnaires on the diagnosis and treatment often consecutive @entity1 with @entity565 who are under their care. RESULTS: Altogether 1250 GPs provided information about 10,981 @entity1 . During the entire duration of the disease 50.9% were ever treated by systemic @entity288 . In the current treatment of @entity565 inhaled @entity230 were used in 78.8% of cases, oral @entity230 in 5.8%, intravenous @entity230 in 1.3% and intramuscular @entity230 in 0.7% of @entity1 . @entity6411 were used in 63.1% of @entity1 , LABA in 57.1%, @entity749 in 25.1%, @entity4352 modifiers in 21.1%, anticholinergics drugs in 15.5%, cromones in 1,9%, and antihistamines in 23.1% of adult @entity1 with @entity565 . In 88.8% cases LABA treatment was combined with inhaled corticosteroids. In 83.8% of cases therapeutic regimens were in line with the GINA guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for systematic educational activities addressed to primary care physicians.

title: [Treatment of XXXX in Poland by primary care physicians--results of PulmoScreen study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity749 :: ('MESH:C008514', 'Chemical') :: ['methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound diagnosis in detecting and staging @entity201 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: An ultrasound study (USS) was conducted in 120 @entity1 aged 19 to 84 years with @entity201 . The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups by the location of a @entity5 process: 1) 47 (39.2%) @entity1 with @entity5 ; 2) 49 (40.8%) with portal duct or @entity6984 ; 3) 24 (20%) with distal one. Ninety (75%) @entity1 were operated on; the others underwent minimally invasive X-ray surgical interventions as percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomies. The data of ultrasound diagnosis were compared with the results of other studies, intraoperative assessment and morphological examination of a removed gross specimen. RESULTS: A @entity5 was detectable by USS only in 90 (75%) @entity1 ; its sensitivity was 100% for @entity201 ; 69.4 and 37.5% for portal duct and distal ones, respectively. It is most difficult to diagnose @entity189 of the common bile duct. USS reveals no semiotic signs of @entity201 , which could distinguish the latter from other @entity96 . The specific features of the infiltrative growth of a @entity1126 , such as hyperechoic infiltration along the external outlines of the ducts or @entity2617 during thickening of the duct walls, were ascertained. The sensitivity of intraoperative USS in identifying @entity1419 was 100%. That of USS in detecting lymph node @entity3 was 61%; developed the semiotics of altered metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The findings have indicated the high informative value of ultrasound diagnosis in determining the dilatation of the bile ducts and the spread of a @entity5 to the liver and lymph nodes. It is recommended that the indications for intraoperative USS should be expanded in @entity201 to define the extent of @entity189 .

title: [Efficiency of ultrasound study in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intrahepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['duct carcinoma', 'distal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct tumor']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma', 'cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic and portal duct cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ["Klatskin's tumor"]

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Cardiac vagal preganglionic somata were labeled in @entity468 by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. The anatomical characteristics of cell bodies with axons in the left and right cervical vagi compared. HRP was injected subepicardially in three groups of @entity4485 anesthetized animals. In two test groups, injections were made after a left and right cervical vagotomy, respectively. In a control group, peripheral @entity299 were performed prior to HRP injection. The controls served to determine the number of somata labeled by HRP uptake via vagal fibers innervating viscera closely approximating the myocardium. After a 48 h survival period the @entity468 were reanesthetized, perfused and fixed. Brain stems were removed, cut in the transverse or sagittal plane and developed with @entity15989 . Control @entity468 had 6.8% the number of labeled cell bodies identified in animals with an intact vagus. Thus, few labeled somata in test @entity468 were associated with noncardia tissue. The number, distribution and sizes of labeled cell bodies in test @entity468 were similar. Somata were located ipsilateral to the intact vagus in three regions: the nucleus ambiguus (NA), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( @entity1233 ) and an intermediate zone (IZ) between the NA and @entity1233 . The NA contained the maximum number of cell bodies while successively fewer somata were located in the @entity1233 and IZ. Somata of the NA were heterogeneously distributed along the @entity3057 . The region of maximal cell body concentration was between 1.0 and 1.8 mm rostral to the obex. Somata of the @entity1233 and IZ were homogeneously and sparsely distributed along the neuraxis. The long and short axes of NA somata were larger than corresponding dimensions of cell bodies in the @entity1233 or IZ. However, the dimensions of somata in the @entity1233 and IZ were similar. The identification of labeled cell bodies in three medullary regions and the size differences of the somata in these regions may reflect a central physiological organization of cardia vagal somata.

title: Horseradish peroxidase localization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity15989 :: ('MESH:D015100', 'Chemical') :: ["3,3'-diaminobenzidine"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac parasympathectomies']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal neuraxis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac vagal preganglionic somata']


abstract: PURPOSE: We designed the present study to investigate differences in prognostic factors and failure patterns between @entity1 with invasive @entity189 or @entity189 with micropapillary component (IMPC) and randomly matched @entity1 with @entity513 ( @entity513 ) of the breast at multiple institutions of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study was performed using subjects treated from January 1999 to November 2011. Female @entity1 who had undergone curative resection for @entity0 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were considered for this study. Exact matches were made for age (    3  years), pathologic @entity5 and node stage, treatment method (surgery with or without radiotherapy), and period when surgery was performed (within 1 year) at the same institution. RESULTS: A total of 534 @entity1 were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 59 months in both groups. In the comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics, rates of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and nuclear grade III were both significantly higher in IMPC than in @entity513 (P  < .001, P  =  .01, respectively). During the follow-up period, recurrences developed in 40 @entity1 with IMPC (15.0%) and 21 with @entity513 (7.9%). Locoregional recurrence (LRR) developed in 22 @entity1 with IMPC (8.2%) and 10 with @entity513 (3.7%). The rate of distant metastasis did not differ between the 2 groups (P  = .52). LRR-free survival (P  = .03) and recurrence-free survival (P  = .007) were significantly different between the 2 groups, but overall survival was not (P  = .67). CONCLUSION: IMPC is associated with a higher rate of LVI, high nuclear grade, and a propensity for LRR compared to @entity513 . Modification of the locoregional treatment modality might be needed in this pathologic subtype of @entity0 .

title: Differences in Prognostic Factors and Failure Patterns Between Invasive XXXX and @entity189 With @entity513 of the Breast: Retrospective Multicenter Case-Control Study (KROG 13-06).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Micropapillary Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We designed the present study to investigate differences in prognostic factors and failure patterns between @entity1 with invasive @entity189 or @entity189 with micropapillary component (IMPC) and randomly matched @entity1 with @entity513 ( @entity513 ) of the breast at multiple institutions of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study was performed using subjects treated from January 1999 to November 2011. Female @entity1 who had undergone curative resection for @entity0 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were considered for this study. Exact matches were made for age (    3  years), pathologic @entity5 and node stage, treatment method (surgery with or without radiotherapy), and period when surgery was performed (within 1 year) at the same institution. RESULTS: A total of 534 @entity1 were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 59 months in both groups. In the comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics, rates of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and nuclear grade III were both significantly higher in IMPC than in @entity513 (P  < .001, P  =  .01, respectively). During the follow-up period, recurrences developed in 40 @entity1 with IMPC (15.0%) and 21 with @entity513 (7.9%). Locoregional recurrence (LRR) developed in 22 @entity1 with IMPC (8.2%) and 10 with @entity513 (3.7%). The rate of distant metastasis did not differ between the 2 groups (P  = .52). LRR-free survival (P  = .03) and recurrence-free survival (P  = .007) were significantly different between the 2 groups, but overall survival was not (P  = .67). CONCLUSION: IMPC is associated with a higher rate of LVI, high nuclear grade, and a propensity for LRR compared to @entity513 . Modification of the locoregional treatment modality might be needed in this pathologic subtype of @entity0 .

title: Differences in Prognostic Factors and Failure Patterns Between Invasive @entity189 and XXXX With @entity513 of the Breast: Retrospective Multicenter Case-Control Study (KROG 13-06).

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We designed the present study to investigate differences in prognostic factors and failure patterns between @entity1 with invasive @entity189 or @entity189 with micropapillary component (IMPC) and randomly matched @entity1 with @entity513 ( @entity513 ) of the breast at multiple institutions of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study was performed using subjects treated from January 1999 to November 2011. Female @entity1 who had undergone curative resection for @entity0 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were considered for this study. Exact matches were made for age (    3  years), pathologic @entity5 and node stage, treatment method (surgery with or without radiotherapy), and period when surgery was performed (within 1 year) at the same institution. RESULTS: A total of 534 @entity1 were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 59 months in both groups. In the comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics, rates of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and nuclear grade III were both significantly higher in IMPC than in @entity513 (P  < .001, P  =  .01, respectively). During the follow-up period, recurrences developed in 40 @entity1 with IMPC (15.0%) and 21 with @entity513 (7.9%). Locoregional recurrence (LRR) developed in 22 @entity1 with IMPC (8.2%) and 10 with @entity513 (3.7%). The rate of distant metastasis did not differ between the 2 groups (P  = .52). LRR-free survival (P  = .03) and recurrence-free survival (P  = .007) were significantly different between the 2 groups, but overall survival was not (P  = .67). CONCLUSION: IMPC is associated with a higher rate of LVI, high nuclear grade, and a propensity for LRR compared to @entity513 . Modification of the locoregional treatment modality might be needed in this pathologic subtype of @entity0 .

title: Differences in Prognostic Factors and Failure Patterns Between Invasive @entity189 and @entity189 With XXXX of the Breast: Retrospective Multicenter Case-Control Study (KROG 13-06).

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['Micropapillary Component Versus Invasive Ductal Carcinoma']


abstract: Difficulties in @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) are commonly experienced in everyday life situations. Here we investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms of @entity1650 and the specific role of left angular gyrus. Given that previous behavioral research reported @entity1 to be more susceptible to left-right @entity911 , the current study focuses particularly on the neural basis of sex differences in @entity1650 while controlling for potential menstrual cycle effects (repeated measures design). 16 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 were presented pictures of pointing hands in various orientations (rotated versus non-rotated) and were asked to identify them as left or right hands. Results revealed that @entity1650 was particularly associated with activation in inferior parietal regions, extending into the right angular gyrus. Irrespective of menstrual cycle phase, @entity1 , relative to @entity1 , recruited more prefrontal areas, suggesting higher top-down control in @entity1650 . For the subset of rotated stimuli as compared to the non-rotated, we found leftward asymmetry for both @entity1 and @entity1 , although @entity1 scored significantly lower. We conclude that there are sex differences in the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying @entity1650 . Although the angular gyrus is involved in @entity1650 , several other parietal areas are at least as critical. Moreover, the hypothesis that more left-right @entity911 is due to more bilateral activation (in @entity1 ) can be rejected.

title: The neural correlates of sex differences in left-right XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['LRD', 'left-right discrimination']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['confusion']


abstract: Molecularly targeted therapy emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of @entity5 . In the present study, we have developed gemcitabine (GEM)-loaded cetuximab (CET) surface modified poly(lactic) acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NP) (CET-GEM/PLA NP) to target to @entity470 ( @entity470 ) overexpressing @entity1149 (A549) cells. The resultant CET-GEM/PLA NP showed a very uniform particle size of   120nm and spherical morphology. It exhibited a pH-dependent controlled release pattern. A sustained release of drug in the physiological conditions and faster release in @entity5 pH will greatly improve the chemotherapeutic efficiency of therapeutic system. Higher or enhanced cellular uptake of CET-GEM/PLA NP in A549 @entity5 cells clearly indicates the @entity470 -mediated receptor based active targeting. Nearly, a two-fold increase in fluorescent intensity was observed for CET-GEM/PLA NP comparing to that of non-targeted NP in the @entity5 cells. @entity470 -mediated internalization of the targeted NP was further confirmed by the confocal microscopy. MTT assay clearly showed the enhanced cell killing effect of CET-conjugated NP due to the selective delivery of GEM to the @entity470 over expressing @entity5 cells. Finally, comparing to the non-targeted NP, CET-GEM/PLA NP showed greater level of cell apoptosis (early and late apoptosis   40%). Our results showed that antibody conjugation on the surface of NP could be a potential treatment strategy for @entity470 over expressing @entity5 cells. This suggests that CET-GEM/PLA NP could be potentially used for the treatment of NSCLC ( @entity2 ).

title: Molecularly targeted gemcitabine-loaded nanoparticulate system towards the treatment of @entity470 overexpressing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Molecularly targeted therapy emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of @entity5 . In the present study, we have developed gemcitabine (GEM)-loaded cetuximab (CET) surface modified poly(lactic) acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NP) (CET-GEM/PLA NP) to target to @entity470 ( @entity470 ) overexpressing @entity1149 (A549) cells. The resultant CET-GEM/PLA NP showed a very uniform particle size of   120nm and spherical morphology. It exhibited a pH-dependent controlled release pattern. A sustained release of drug in the physiological conditions and faster release in @entity5 pH will greatly improve the chemotherapeutic efficiency of therapeutic system. Higher or enhanced cellular uptake of CET-GEM/PLA NP in A549 @entity5 cells clearly indicates the @entity470 -mediated receptor based active targeting. Nearly, a two-fold increase in fluorescent intensity was observed for CET-GEM/PLA NP comparing to that of non-targeted NP in the @entity5 cells. @entity470 -mediated internalization of the targeted NP was further confirmed by the confocal microscopy. MTT assay clearly showed the enhanced cell killing effect of CET-conjugated NP due to the selective delivery of GEM to the @entity470 over expressing @entity5 cells. Finally, comparing to the non-targeted NP, CET-GEM/PLA NP showed greater level of cell apoptosis (early and late apoptosis   40%). Our results showed that antibody conjugation on the surface of NP could be a potential treatment strategy for @entity470 over expressing @entity5 cells. This suggests that CET-GEM/PLA NP could be potentially used for the treatment of NSCLC ( @entity2 ).

title: Molecularly targeted gemcitabine-loaded nanoparticulate system towards the treatment of XXXX overexpressing @entity2 .

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: 1. This paper reports regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) measurements in 254 cortical regions with 133Xe injected into the internal carotid artery in 19 @entity1 , none of whom had any major @entity16 . The purpose was to demonstrate the pattern of cortical activity, as revealed by @entity13279 increases, during two types of unilateral @entity717 in extrapersonal space: a) the maze test, series of fast @entity717 in various directions in a frame, executed under verbal command; and b) the drawing of a spiral in the air. 2. Both types of movements were associated with increases of @entity13279 in the supplementary motor area (bilaterally), the convexity part of the premotor area (bilaterally), the primary sensorimotor hand and arm area (contralaterally), and in the superior and inferior parietal region (bilaterally). 3. During the maze test there were, in addition, bilateral focal increases of the blood flow in the auditory areas, the @entity7733 . 4. It is concluded that the supplementary motor areas, which are also active during programming and execution of movement sequences in intrapersonal space (33), elaborate programs for motor subroutines necessary in skilled @entity2798 . The convexity parts of the premotor areas are activated when a new motor program is established or a previously learned motor program is modulated. The primary motor area is the exclusive executive locus for @entity717 of the hand and arm. 5. @entity717 in extrapersonal space only are associated with activation of the parietal regions. These areas are assumed to provide information to the motor programming neurons about the demanded direction of motion in extrapersonal space in relation to proprioceptive reference systems. 6. The increase of @entity13279 in the auditory areas, the @entity7733 during the maze test were ascribed to the processing of auditory information. 7. Both tests are accompanied by a diffuse increase of the hemispheric blood flow (approximately 10%), which is assumed to be a parallel to the commonly known desynchronization of the EEG during mental work.

title: Different cortical areas in @entity1 in organization of XXXX in extrapersonal space.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological defect']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movements', 'Voluntary movements', 'voluntary movement', 'isolated movements']

entities_list: @entity7733 :: ('MESH:D058494', 'Disease') :: ['inferior frontal regions, and the frontal eye fields']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary motion']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['voluntary movements']


abstract: 1. This paper reports regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) measurements in 254 cortical regions with 133Xe injected into the internal carotid artery in 19 @entity1 , none of whom had any major @entity16 . The purpose was to demonstrate the pattern of cortical activity, as revealed by @entity13279 increases, during two types of unilateral @entity717 in extrapersonal space: a) the maze test, series of fast @entity717 in various directions in a frame, executed under verbal command; and b) the drawing of a spiral in the air. 2. Both types of movements were associated with increases of @entity13279 in the supplementary motor area (bilaterally), the convexity part of the premotor area (bilaterally), the primary sensorimotor hand and arm area (contralaterally), and in the superior and inferior parietal region (bilaterally). 3. During the maze test there were, in addition, bilateral focal increases of the blood flow in the auditory areas, the @entity7733 . 4. It is concluded that the supplementary motor areas, which are also active during programming and execution of movement sequences in intrapersonal space (33), elaborate programs for motor subroutines necessary in skilled @entity2798 . The convexity parts of the premotor areas are activated when a new motor program is established or a previously learned motor program is modulated. The primary motor area is the exclusive executive locus for @entity717 of the hand and arm. 5. @entity717 in extrapersonal space only are associated with activation of the parietal regions. These areas are assumed to provide information to the motor programming neurons about the demanded direction of motion in extrapersonal space in relation to proprioceptive reference systems. 6. The increase of @entity13279 in the auditory areas, the @entity7733 during the maze test were ascribed to the processing of auditory information. 7. Both tests are accompanied by a diffuse increase of the hemispheric blood flow (approximately 10%), which is assumed to be a parallel to the commonly known desynchronization of the EEG during mental work.

title: Different cortical areas in XXXX in organization of @entity717 in extrapersonal space.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of a new autoantibody system, anti-carbamylated protein (anti- @entity49401 ) antibodies, has been identified in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The presence of anti- @entity49401 antibodies was evaluated in samples taken from individuals who subsequently developed @entity309 before and after onset of symptoms and related to previously analysed antibodies against citrullinated peptides ( @entity7134 specificities) and anti- @entity14965 . METHODS: A total of 252 individuals, with 423 samples from before onset of symptoms of @entity309 , and 197 population controls were identified as donors to the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden; 192 of them were also sampled at the time of diagnosis. All samples were analysed for anti- @entity49401 IgG and anti- @entity14965 antibodies using ELISAs. Ten different antibody reactivities against citrullinated antigens ( @entity7134 specificities) were analysed using a custom-made microarray based on the ImmunoCAP ISAC system (Phadia). RESULTS: The concentration of anti- @entity49401 antibodies was significantly increased in the pre-symptomatic individuals compared with controls (P <0.001) and also increased significantly after disease onset (P <0.001). The sensitivity for anti- @entity49401 antibodies in the pre-symptomatic individuals was 13.9% (95% CI: 11 to 17.6) and 42.2% (95% CI: 35.4 to 49.3) following development of @entity309 . Anti- @entity49401 antibody positivity was found in 5.1% to 13.3% of individuals negative for anti- @entity14965 or @entity7134 specificities. Presence of anti- @entity49401 antibodies was significantly related to radiological destruction at baseline, at 24  months and also to radiological change (P <0.05, all). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that anti- @entity49401 antibodies are associated with disease development, even after adjusting for the presence of different @entity7134 fine specificities, and in anti- @entity14965 negative individuals and contribute to the identification of a subset of @entity1 with worse radiological progression of the disease independent of @entity7134 .

title: Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in the pre-symptomatic phase of XXXX , their relationship with multiple anti-citrulline peptide antibodies and association with radiological damage.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity9816 (CZ) has clinical activity in ALK (+) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), relapse is common due to the development of resistance. ALK and components of signalling pathways involved in resistance are client proteins of the chaperone, @entity4041 , offering an alternative method for targeting the disease. Onalespib[ @entity14 ]( @entity57649 ), a potent 2nd generation @entity4041 inhibitor had anti- @entity5 activity in CZ-sensitive and CZ-resistant xenograft models when combined with CZ (Courtin et al). Importantly, when combined upfront with CZ in a CZ-sensitive xenograft model, @entity14 delayed the emergence of resistance observed with CZ monotherapy (Smyth et al.). These preclinical data suggest therapeutic potential for an @entity14 /CZ combination in CZ-sensitive and -resistant disease. This is currently being investigated in a 3-part Phase1/2 randomised @entity1149 study. The primary objectives of the Phase 1 part of the clinical study were the safety and tolerability of CZ and @entity14 and selection of the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of @entity14 . A rolling six design was used to determine the maxiumum tolerated dose (MTD)/RP2D of the combination. @entity1 received 250 mg BID oral CZ and IV @entity14 weekly for 3 of 4 weeks of a 28 day cycle (dosing cohorts 150, 180 or 220 mg/m(2)). In Part A, 32 @entity1 , who had prior CZ treatment, were treated with the combination in 3 dosing cohorts. @entity14 was escalated up to 220 mg/m(2) without DLTs and the combination was well tolerated ( @entity294 was the only @entity14 -related AE >=  Grade 3 in > 5% of @entity1 ). The mean number of @entity14 cycles was 4.2 (range 1-11+). @entity14 exposures were similar to previous studies and CZ exposures were unaffected when co-administered with @entity14 . Of 25 evaluable @entity1 , there were 4 PR and over 50% of subjects had a decrease in @entity5 size. CZ/ @entity14 doses of 250 mg BID/220 mg/m(2) were selected as the combination RP2D (Besse et al.). Preclinical data suggest that a CZ/ @entity14 combination has potential, upfront, to delay the emergence of resistance to CZ or, after relapse, to overcome resistance. A RP2D has been selected to continue evaluation of these hypotheses in Phase 2 studies of this combination in @entity1 prior to or after progression on CZ.

title: O3.6Combination of @entity4041 inhibitor onalespib with XXXX to treat or delay resistance in @entity1149 : Preclinical and Clinical Investigations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9816 :: ('MESH:C551994', 'Chemical') :: ['crizotinib']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity9816 :: (MESH:C551994,Chemical) :: ['crizotinib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity9816 (CZ) has clinical activity in ALK (+) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), relapse is common due to the development of resistance. ALK and components of signalling pathways involved in resistance are client proteins of the chaperone, @entity4041 , offering an alternative method for targeting the disease. Onalespib[ @entity14 ]( @entity57649 ), a potent 2nd generation @entity4041 inhibitor had anti- @entity5 activity in CZ-sensitive and CZ-resistant xenograft models when combined with CZ (Courtin et al). Importantly, when combined upfront with CZ in a CZ-sensitive xenograft model, @entity14 delayed the emergence of resistance observed with CZ monotherapy (Smyth et al.). These preclinical data suggest therapeutic potential for an @entity14 /CZ combination in CZ-sensitive and -resistant disease. This is currently being investigated in a 3-part Phase1/2 randomised @entity1149 study. The primary objectives of the Phase 1 part of the clinical study were the safety and tolerability of CZ and @entity14 and selection of the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of @entity14 . A rolling six design was used to determine the maxiumum tolerated dose (MTD)/RP2D of the combination. @entity1 received 250 mg BID oral CZ and IV @entity14 weekly for 3 of 4 weeks of a 28 day cycle (dosing cohorts 150, 180 or 220 mg/m(2)). In Part A, 32 @entity1 , who had prior CZ treatment, were treated with the combination in 3 dosing cohorts. @entity14 was escalated up to 220 mg/m(2) without DLTs and the combination was well tolerated ( @entity294 was the only @entity14 -related AE >=  Grade 3 in > 5% of @entity1 ). The mean number of @entity14 cycles was 4.2 (range 1-11+). @entity14 exposures were similar to previous studies and CZ exposures were unaffected when co-administered with @entity14 . Of 25 evaluable @entity1 , there were 4 PR and over 50% of subjects had a decrease in @entity5 size. CZ/ @entity14 doses of 250 mg BID/220 mg/m(2) were selected as the combination RP2D (Besse et al.). Preclinical data suggest that a CZ/ @entity14 combination has potential, upfront, to delay the emergence of resistance to CZ or, after relapse, to overcome resistance. A RP2D has been selected to continue evaluation of these hypotheses in Phase 2 studies of this combination in @entity1 prior to or after progression on CZ.

title: O3.6Combination of XXXX inhibitor onalespib with @entity9816 to treat or delay resistance in @entity1149 : Preclinical and Clinical Investigations.

answer: @entity4041 :: (3320,Gene) :: ['HSP90']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity9816 (CZ) has clinical activity in ALK (+) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), relapse is common due to the development of resistance. ALK and components of signalling pathways involved in resistance are client proteins of the chaperone, @entity4041 , offering an alternative method for targeting the disease. Onalespib[ @entity14 ]( @entity57649 ), a potent 2nd generation @entity4041 inhibitor had anti- @entity5 activity in CZ-sensitive and CZ-resistant xenograft models when combined with CZ (Courtin et al). Importantly, when combined upfront with CZ in a CZ-sensitive xenograft model, @entity14 delayed the emergence of resistance observed with CZ monotherapy (Smyth et al.). These preclinical data suggest therapeutic potential for an @entity14 /CZ combination in CZ-sensitive and -resistant disease. This is currently being investigated in a 3-part Phase1/2 randomised @entity1149 study. The primary objectives of the Phase 1 part of the clinical study were the safety and tolerability of CZ and @entity14 and selection of the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of @entity14 . A rolling six design was used to determine the maxiumum tolerated dose (MTD)/RP2D of the combination. @entity1 received 250 mg BID oral CZ and IV @entity14 weekly for 3 of 4 weeks of a 28 day cycle (dosing cohorts 150, 180 or 220 mg/m(2)). In Part A, 32 @entity1 , who had prior CZ treatment, were treated with the combination in 3 dosing cohorts. @entity14 was escalated up to 220 mg/m(2) without DLTs and the combination was well tolerated ( @entity294 was the only @entity14 -related AE >=  Grade 3 in > 5% of @entity1 ). The mean number of @entity14 cycles was 4.2 (range 1-11+). @entity14 exposures were similar to previous studies and CZ exposures were unaffected when co-administered with @entity14 . Of 25 evaluable @entity1 , there were 4 PR and over 50% of subjects had a decrease in @entity5 size. CZ/ @entity14 doses of 250 mg BID/220 mg/m(2) were selected as the combination RP2D (Besse et al.). Preclinical data suggest that a CZ/ @entity14 combination has potential, upfront, to delay the emergence of resistance to CZ or, after relapse, to overcome resistance. A RP2D has been selected to continue evaluation of these hypotheses in Phase 2 studies of this combination in @entity1 prior to or after progression on CZ.

title: O3.6Combination of @entity4041 inhibitor onalespib with @entity9816 to treat or delay resistance in XXXX : Preclinical and Clinical Investigations.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64008 is a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent that triply inhibits DNA methyltransferases (DNA MTases), Histone Deacetylases (HDAC), and @entity376 Demethylases. In the first-in- @entity1 , Phase I trial, 5/5 @entity1 who progressed on @entity64008 treatment were resensitized to previously refractory @entity2600 therapy, hinting at a generalized resensitization effect. A randomized open-label multi-part, multi-center phase II trial of @entity64008 versus @entity8486 (ROCKET) is underway to explore the resensitization and/or 'episensitization' potential in @entity2600 refractory @entity5 and its impact on overall survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2600 -refractory metastatic @entity14 with an ECOG PS 0-1 who progressed on @entity901 -, and @entity2600 -based regimens with or without bevacizumab, cetuximab or panitumumab are randomized 2:1 to receive @entity64008 16.5 mg/m(2) IV 1x/week or @entity8486 160 mg orally 21 of 28 days until progression or unacceptable @entity137 followed by treatment with refractory @entity2600 -based therapies. RESULTS: To date, 23 @entity1 have been randomized with 10 @entity1 evaluable for resensitization. Post @entity64008 @entity1 demonstrated marked decreases in CEA in all 6 @entity1 as compared to 4 @entity1 receiving @entity8486 who were too systemically unwell to proceed to subsequent treatment. Progression free survival (ongoing) for @entity64008 + @entity2600 is 5.9 months compared 0.92 months on @entity8486 + @entity2600 . Combined Disease Control Rate (SD + PR) for the combination of @entity64008 and reintroduction of @entity2600 based therapy is currently 100%, whereas no @entity1 to date randomized to the @entity8486 arm have been able to start @entity2600 based therapy secondary to decreasing performance status. CONCLUSIONS: Early results in the ROCKET study suggest that @entity64008 -mediated resensitization to previously refractory therapies may have a generalized effect, independent of @entity984 or @entity876 status. These early results are intriguing and may be a major advancement in epigenetic therapy. @entity64008 is a novel pan-epigenetic inhibitor that may potentially offer improved QOL and overall survival over currently approved therapy in the chemotherapy refractory @entity14 .

title: O3.8Early Results: "ROCKET" a phase II Study of @entity64008 , a novel triple epigenetic inhibitor, Resensitization to @entity2600 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib', 'Regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64008 is a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent that triply inhibits DNA methyltransferases (DNA MTases), Histone Deacetylases (HDAC), and @entity376 Demethylases. In the first-in- @entity1 , Phase I trial, 5/5 @entity1 who progressed on @entity64008 treatment were resensitized to previously refractory @entity2600 therapy, hinting at a generalized resensitization effect. A randomized open-label multi-part, multi-center phase II trial of @entity64008 versus @entity8486 (ROCKET) is underway to explore the resensitization and/or 'episensitization' potential in @entity2600 refractory @entity5 and its impact on overall survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2600 -refractory metastatic @entity14 with an ECOG PS 0-1 who progressed on @entity901 -, and @entity2600 -based regimens with or without bevacizumab, cetuximab or panitumumab are randomized 2:1 to receive @entity64008 16.5 mg/m(2) IV 1x/week or @entity8486 160 mg orally 21 of 28 days until progression or unacceptable @entity137 followed by treatment with refractory @entity2600 -based therapies. RESULTS: To date, 23 @entity1 have been randomized with 10 @entity1 evaluable for resensitization. Post @entity64008 @entity1 demonstrated marked decreases in CEA in all 6 @entity1 as compared to 4 @entity1 receiving @entity8486 who were too systemically unwell to proceed to subsequent treatment. Progression free survival (ongoing) for @entity64008 + @entity2600 is 5.9 months compared 0.92 months on @entity8486 + @entity2600 . Combined Disease Control Rate (SD + PR) for the combination of @entity64008 and reintroduction of @entity2600 based therapy is currently 100%, whereas no @entity1 to date randomized to the @entity8486 arm have been able to start @entity2600 based therapy secondary to decreasing performance status. CONCLUSIONS: Early results in the ROCKET study suggest that @entity64008 -mediated resensitization to previously refractory therapies may have a generalized effect, independent of @entity984 or @entity876 status. These early results are intriguing and may be a major advancement in epigenetic therapy. @entity64008 is a novel pan-epigenetic inhibitor that may potentially offer improved QOL and overall survival over currently approved therapy in the chemotherapy refractory @entity14 .

title: O3.8Early Results: "ROCKET" a phase II Study of XXXX , a novel triple epigenetic inhibitor, Resensitization to @entity2600 in @entity14 .

answer: @entity64008 :: (MESH:C577469,Chemical) :: ['RRx-001']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64008 is a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent that triply inhibits DNA methyltransferases (DNA MTases), Histone Deacetylases (HDAC), and @entity376 Demethylases. In the first-in- @entity1 , Phase I trial, 5/5 @entity1 who progressed on @entity64008 treatment were resensitized to previously refractory @entity2600 therapy, hinting at a generalized resensitization effect. A randomized open-label multi-part, multi-center phase II trial of @entity64008 versus @entity8486 (ROCKET) is underway to explore the resensitization and/or 'episensitization' potential in @entity2600 refractory @entity5 and its impact on overall survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2600 -refractory metastatic @entity14 with an ECOG PS 0-1 who progressed on @entity901 -, and @entity2600 -based regimens with or without bevacizumab, cetuximab or panitumumab are randomized 2:1 to receive @entity64008 16.5 mg/m(2) IV 1x/week or @entity8486 160 mg orally 21 of 28 days until progression or unacceptable @entity137 followed by treatment with refractory @entity2600 -based therapies. RESULTS: To date, 23 @entity1 have been randomized with 10 @entity1 evaluable for resensitization. Post @entity64008 @entity1 demonstrated marked decreases in CEA in all 6 @entity1 as compared to 4 @entity1 receiving @entity8486 who were too systemically unwell to proceed to subsequent treatment. Progression free survival (ongoing) for @entity64008 + @entity2600 is 5.9 months compared 0.92 months on @entity8486 + @entity2600 . Combined Disease Control Rate (SD + PR) for the combination of @entity64008 and reintroduction of @entity2600 based therapy is currently 100%, whereas no @entity1 to date randomized to the @entity8486 arm have been able to start @entity2600 based therapy secondary to decreasing performance status. CONCLUSIONS: Early results in the ROCKET study suggest that @entity64008 -mediated resensitization to previously refractory therapies may have a generalized effect, independent of @entity984 or @entity876 status. These early results are intriguing and may be a major advancement in epigenetic therapy. @entity64008 is a novel pan-epigenetic inhibitor that may potentially offer improved QOL and overall survival over currently approved therapy in the chemotherapy refractory @entity14 .

title: O3.8Early Results: "ROCKET" a phase II Study of @entity64008 , a novel triple epigenetic inhibitor, Resensitization to XXXX in @entity14 .

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['Irinotecan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A biological complex organism is involuntarily guided from all sides by measure and regulation systems. The @entity1 being is such a complex organism. Many cyclical processes are simultaneously at work, making it unclear how and why which process takes place at which moment. Noticeable examples are the 28-day menstrual cycle and the 40-week pregnancy. The time of activation in the middle of the menstrual is fairly clear. Hormonal changes also occur in this period. Why the hormonal changes occur, and what their relationship is with the activation of the processes is unclear. That is also the case during pregnancies. What is it that determines that a pregnancy should last an average of 40weeks? What causes the changes in a complicated pregnancy? What are those changes? Prostaglandin concentrations have been found to have some relationship with these changes, but the activation of these changes and how to examine them is unknown. Using an example from practical experience, this article illustrates what Horrobin and Manku already reported in 1977, namely, the properties of @entity5015 and 6-keto pgF1a: reversal effect with elevated concentration. The properties described is exceptionally suitable for the time of activation in a biochemically regulated measure and regulation system. These properties can help explain the occurrence of physiological cycles. The known electronic saw-tooth wave has a biochemical analogue with this. This paper describes the presumed relationship between hormones and the accompanying @entity2918 with the hormone effects based on what is known regarding their concentrations progress. This relationship reveals the practical consequences of the experimentally found sensitivity of biochemical effects with regard to the accompanying @entity2918 . This paper shows how the theoretical relationship between effects of @entity2931 and progestagens result in a curve that comprise observable aspects of the Basal Body Temperature Curve. The modulating and activating @entity2918 also affect local changes in blood circulation. These changes are visible on specific sites on the abdominal skin via viscerocutaneous reflex pathways. Changes in blood circulation at specific areas of the skin can be representative of @entity158 . @entity158 that also frequently arises during activation processes. These changes can be seen and measured with non-contactual infrared thermography on the cutaneous surface, and moments of activation and @entity158 can be determined.

title: A theoretical model of biochemical control engineering based on the relation between XXXX /progestagens and @entity2918 .

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogens']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A biological complex organism is involuntarily guided from all sides by measure and regulation systems. The @entity1 being is such a complex organism. Many cyclical processes are simultaneously at work, making it unclear how and why which process takes place at which moment. Noticeable examples are the 28-day menstrual cycle and the 40-week pregnancy. The time of activation in the middle of the menstrual is fairly clear. Hormonal changes also occur in this period. Why the hormonal changes occur, and what their relationship is with the activation of the processes is unclear. That is also the case during pregnancies. What is it that determines that a pregnancy should last an average of 40weeks? What causes the changes in a complicated pregnancy? What are those changes? Prostaglandin concentrations have been found to have some relationship with these changes, but the activation of these changes and how to examine them is unknown. Using an example from practical experience, this article illustrates what Horrobin and Manku already reported in 1977, namely, the properties of @entity5015 and 6-keto pgF1a: reversal effect with elevated concentration. The properties described is exceptionally suitable for the time of activation in a biochemically regulated measure and regulation system. These properties can help explain the occurrence of physiological cycles. The known electronic saw-tooth wave has a biochemical analogue with this. This paper describes the presumed relationship between hormones and the accompanying @entity2918 with the hormone effects based on what is known regarding their concentrations progress. This relationship reveals the practical consequences of the experimentally found sensitivity of biochemical effects with regard to the accompanying @entity2918 . This paper shows how the theoretical relationship between effects of @entity2931 and progestagens result in a curve that comprise observable aspects of the Basal Body Temperature Curve. The modulating and activating @entity2918 also affect local changes in blood circulation. These changes are visible on specific sites on the abdominal skin via viscerocutaneous reflex pathways. Changes in blood circulation at specific areas of the skin can be representative of @entity158 . @entity158 that also frequently arises during activation processes. These changes can be seen and measured with non-contactual infrared thermography on the cutaneous surface, and moments of activation and @entity158 can be determined.

title: A theoretical model of biochemical control engineering based on the relation between @entity2931 /progestagens and XXXX .

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: We examine the effect of solvent on the charging mechanisms of a macromolecule in a droplet by using molecular dynamics simulations. The droplet contains excess charge that is carried by @entity1372 ions. To investigate the principles of the charging mechanisms of a macromolecule in a droplet, we simulate aqueous and @entity1042 droplets that contain a @entity968 ( @entity970 ) molecule. We find that the solvent plays a critical role in the charging mechanism and in the manner that the sodiated @entity970 emerges from a droplet. In the aqueous droplets, the sodiated @entity970 is released from the droplet while it is being charged at a droplet charge state below the Rayleigh limit. The charging of @entity970 occurs on the surface of the droplet. In contrast to the aqueous droplets, in the @entity1042 droplet, the sodiated @entity970 resides in the interior of the droplet and it may become charged at any location in the droplet, interior or surface. The sodiated @entity970 emerges from the droplet by drying-out of the solvent. Even though these two mechanisms appear to be phenomenologically similar to the widely accepted ion-evaporation and charge-residue mechanisms, they have fundamental differences from those. An integral part of the mechanism that the macromolecular ions emerge from droplets is the droplet morphology. Droplet morphologies give rise to different solvation interactions between the solvent and the macromolecule. In the water-sodiated @entity970 system, we find the extrusion of the @entity970 morphology, while in @entity1042 -sodiated droplet, we find the "pearl-on-the-necklace" morphology and the extrusion of the sodiated @entity970 in the last stage of the desolvation process. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms that macromolecules acquire their charge in droplets produced in electrospray ionization experiments.

title: Effect of solvent on the charging mechanisms of XXXX in droplets.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity49 increases the incidence of @entity715 significantly. Various hereditary and acquired factors are known for @entity1031 . The hereditary factors are two common genetic autosomal mutations including factor V leidan mutation and @entity556 gene mutation. A descriptive- analytical design was conducted on 60 @entity1 with @entity1031 who met the inclusion criteria. Two groups with hereditary and acquired risk factors for @entity1031 (group A, B, each 30 @entity1 ) were evaluated. All the @entity1 of two groups were evaluated in terms of emboli associated with hereditary and acquired risk factors. Association of @entity1031 risk factors' with @entity120 were studied at the beginning of the study and six months after the treatment then the results of two groups were compared. Among @entity1 , 31 (56.4%) were @entity1 .   The mean age of the @entity1 was 44.4  14 years, ranging between 23-75 years. Significant association was observed between the stability of the blood clot in pulmonary vessel, six months after the treatment with genetic risk factors (P=0.03). However, no significant association was between @entity120 and hereditary and acquired risk factors (P=0.24). Based on the significant association between the hereditary risk factors and @entity1151 , by taking special prevention and therapy measurements (e.g. genetic engineering), some pulmonary and mortality complications can be prevented and the @entity1 himself and health care system would benefit from this issue.

title: Association of Chronic XXXX with Hereditary and Acquired Risk Factors for @entity1031 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thrombosis']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity49 increases the incidence of @entity715 significantly. Various hereditary and acquired factors are known for @entity1031 . The hereditary factors are two common genetic autosomal mutations including factor V leidan mutation and @entity556 gene mutation. A descriptive- analytical design was conducted on 60 @entity1 with @entity1031 who met the inclusion criteria. Two groups with hereditary and acquired risk factors for @entity1031 (group A, B, each 30 @entity1 ) were evaluated. All the @entity1 of two groups were evaluated in terms of emboli associated with hereditary and acquired risk factors. Association of @entity1031 risk factors' with @entity120 were studied at the beginning of the study and six months after the treatment then the results of two groups were compared. Among @entity1 , 31 (56.4%) were @entity1 .   The mean age of the @entity1 was 44.4  14 years, ranging between 23-75 years. Significant association was observed between the stability of the blood clot in pulmonary vessel, six months after the treatment with genetic risk factors (P=0.03). However, no significant association was between @entity120 and hereditary and acquired risk factors (P=0.24). Based on the significant association between the hereditary risk factors and @entity1151 , by taking special prevention and therapy measurements (e.g. genetic engineering), some pulmonary and mortality complications can be prevented and the @entity1 himself and health care system would benefit from this issue.

title: Association of Chronic @entity120 with Hereditary and Acquired Risk Factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapid @entity1017 has been recently associated with @entity565 at school age, but its influence in respiratory symptoms during infancy is still unknown. METHODS: Answers from 6541 parents living in six different cities of Brazil to the International Study of Wheezing in @entity1 (EISL) questionnaire were analysed. Data from reported weight and height at birth and at one year were used to calculate BMI. Rapid body mass index (BMI) gain was defined by the difference in BMI superior to 1.0z and excessive by the difference superior to 2.0z. RESULTS: Rapid BMI gain was found in 45.8% @entity1 and excessive in 24.4%. @entity1 showed a significantly higher BMI gain than @entity1 . @entity1 with rapid BMI gain showed a significantly higher prevalence of hospitalisation for wheezing (8.8% vs. 6.4%; aOR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.8), severe wheezing (18.1% vs. 15.0%; aOR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0-1.5) and medical diagnosis of @entity565 (7.5% vs. 5.7%; aOR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0-1.7). @entity1 with @entity1017 also had a significantly higher prevalence of hospitalisation for wheezing (9.8% vs. 6.7%; aOR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1-2.0) and severe wheezing (18.9% vs. 15.5%; aOR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0-1.6). No significant association was found among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the evaluated @entity1 showed BMI gain above expected in the first year of life. Although more commonly found in @entity1 , rapid and @entity1017 in the first year of life was significantly related to more severe patterns of wheezing in infancy among @entity1 .

title: Gender differences in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) changes and the prevalence and severity of wheezing and XXXX in the first year of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Boys', 'infants', 'girls', 'Infants', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain', 'excessive BMI gain']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is still one of the leading causes of @entity204 worldwide, and finding new treatments remains a major challenge. Previous studies showed that modified forms of pectin, a complex polysaccharide present in the primary plant cell wall, possess anticancer properties. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of modified pectin and the pathways involved are unclear. Here, we show that citrus pectin modified by heat treatment induced cell @entity204 in HepG2 and A549 cells. The induced cell @entity204 differs from classical apoptosis because no DNA cleavage was observed. In addition, Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, did not influence the observed cell @entity204 in HepG2 cells but appeared to be partly protective in A549 cells, indicating that heat-modified citrus pectin might induce caspase-independent cell @entity204 . An increase in the abundance of the phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated Light Chain 3 (LC3) protein and a decrease in @entity10407 protein abundance were observed in both cell types when incubated in the presence of heat-modified citrus pectin. These results indicate the activation of autophagy. To our knowledge, this is the first time that autophagy has been revealed in cells incubated in the presence of a modified form of pectin. This autophagy activation appears to be protective, at least for A549 cells, because its inhibition with 3-methyladenine increased the observed modified pectin-induced @entity137 . This study confirms the potential of modified pectin to improve chemotherapeutic @entity5 treatments.

title: Heat-Modified Citrus Pectin Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death and Autophagy in HepG2 and A549 XXXX Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Presentation of two cases of late postpartum @entity3036 that took place at our hospital, one month apart. Eclampsia is defined as generalized @entity410 , in the setting of @entity1468 , without other neurologic conditions. With an incidence of 1:2.000 deliveries in developed countries, it occurs in 2% of @entity1 with severe @entity1468 and in 0.5% of those with non-severe @entity1468 . Although it may occur from gestation to puerperium, it is estimated that only 5-17% of cases take place after 48h postpartum. @entity3036 is a clinical diagnosis, most cases present with @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) findings on MRI. METHODS: Review of literature and consultation of clinical files. RESULTS: CASE 1 - A 28-year-old female, G2P0, underwent cesarean delivery, at 38 weeks' gestation, in the setting of @entity1468 and abnormal nonstress test. On day 6 postpartum, she experienced @entity10 , after which she had three generalized @entity410 . On admission, she was postictal and @entity101 (170/120mmHg), @entity644 4+, normal CT scan and EEG. MRI revealed lesions compatible with PRLS. She was admitted to the ICU and treated with magnesium sulfate, valproate and antihypertensive medication, with no further @entity410 and gradual normalization of blood pressure. CASE 2 - A 31-year-old female, G5P3, with gestational @entity101 , underwent vaginal delivery at 40 weeks' gestation. Since day 2 postpartum she complained of a mild @entity10 . On day 4 she developed @entity227 followed by generalized tonic-clonic @entity410 . At admission to the ICU, BP was 168/110 mmHg. CT and EEG were normal. MRI revealed @entity16757 . She underwent therapy with magnesium sulfate, valproate and antihypertensive therapy, with no additional @entity410 and stabilization of blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Prompt exclusion of other causes of @entity410 , especially in late presentations, combined with early diagnosis and treatment, are central to avoid morbidity and mortality associated with @entity3036 . DISCLOSURES: S. Nascimento: None. R. Gomes: None. T. Matos: None. I. Santos: None. F. Matos: None.

title: [237-POS]: XXXX - A late presentation to keep in mind.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'While eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['sudden frontooccipital headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome', 'RPLS']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['Postpartum eclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity28 epidemic is of increasing obstetrical concern as these @entity1 are more likely to be @entity101 prior to pregnancy and experience adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the perinatal outcomes of conventionally managed @entity28 gravidas with preexisting @entity101 to management guided by hemodynamics obtained from impedance cardiography. METHODS: The Cabell-Huntington Hospital maternal and neonatal charts of all @entity1 hemodynamically evaluated using impedance cardiography weighing 300lbs (136kg) or more (58 study @entity1 ) were reviewed; controls were the most recently delivered 90 @entity1 of similar weight with (n=17) and without (n=73) preexisting @entity101 . Differences demographic, pregnancy and delivery data were assessed by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi-square analysis for categorical data. RESULTS: There was no difference in age, weight, or BMI or route of delivery. Although delivering at term, the treated @entity1 delivered 12 days earlier. There was no difference in the mean birth weight percentile and rates of @entity1592 and @entity8455 were similar. Conventionally treated @entity101 @entity28 gravidas spent more days in the hospital as did their @entity1 , possibly because the incidence of severe @entity1468 was higher (23% vs 6%) than in those whose antihypertensive therapy was hemodynamically directed. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is a known risk factor for @entity101 disorders of pregnancy; in @entity28 @entity1 with preexisting @entity101 the risk is markedly higher. In @entity28 @entity1 with preexisting @entity101 , hemodynamically-guided treatment results in fewer cases of severe @entity1468 and fewer maternal and neonatal hospital days. D.G. Chaffin: Commercial Interest: MIST, LLC. J. Granger: None.

title: [250-POS]: Pregnancy outcomes of @entity28 XXXX gravidas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity', 'massively obese']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity28 epidemic is of increasing obstetrical concern as these @entity1 are more likely to be @entity101 prior to pregnancy and experience adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the perinatal outcomes of conventionally managed @entity28 gravidas with preexisting @entity101 to management guided by hemodynamics obtained from impedance cardiography. METHODS: The Cabell-Huntington Hospital maternal and neonatal charts of all @entity1 hemodynamically evaluated using impedance cardiography weighing 300lbs (136kg) or more (58 study @entity1 ) were reviewed; controls were the most recently delivered 90 @entity1 of similar weight with (n=17) and without (n=73) preexisting @entity101 . Differences demographic, pregnancy and delivery data were assessed by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi-square analysis for categorical data. RESULTS: There was no difference in age, weight, or BMI or route of delivery. Although delivering at term, the treated @entity1 delivered 12 days earlier. There was no difference in the mean birth weight percentile and rates of @entity1592 and @entity8455 were similar. Conventionally treated @entity101 @entity28 gravidas spent more days in the hospital as did their @entity1 , possibly because the incidence of severe @entity1468 was higher (23% vs 6%) than in those whose antihypertensive therapy was hemodynamically directed. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is a known risk factor for @entity101 disorders of pregnancy; in @entity28 @entity1 with preexisting @entity101 the risk is markedly higher. In @entity28 @entity1 with preexisting @entity101 , hemodynamically-guided treatment results in fewer cases of severe @entity1468 and fewer maternal and neonatal hospital days. D.G. Chaffin: Commercial Interest: MIST, LLC. J. Granger: None.

title: [250-POS]: Pregnancy outcomes of XXXX @entity101 gravidas.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['massively obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the relative risk of @entity3036 and frequency of prenatal visits. METHODS: We evaluated the risk of gestational @entity101 with the number of prenatal visits in 4,247,694 delivered @entity1 included in the CDC 2008 Vital Stats dataset. The incidence of @entity3036 among subgroups of @entity1 defined by their number of prenatal visits was calculated. Relative risks were determined for each subgroup by comparing the incidence of @entity3036 in each subgroup compared to those @entity1 with 13-14 visits (reference group). These groups were (1) no visits, (2) 1-2 visits, (3) 3-4 visits, (4) 5-6 visits, (5) 7-8 visits, (6) 9-10 visits, (7) 11-12 visits, (8) 13-14 visits {reference group}, (9) 15-16 visits, (10) 17-18 visits, (11) 19 or more visits. RESULTS: The relative risk of @entity3036 increased as the number of prenatal visits decreased, with the highest risk among those @entity1 who had no prenatal visits (RR=2.16, 95% CI=1.90-2.45). The relative risk of @entity3036 also increased as the number of prenatal visits increased above 13-14 visits. The highest risk was for those @entity1 with 19 or more visits (RR=2.34, 95%, CI=2.13-2.58). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer prenatal visits may be associated with a higher risk of @entity3036 . This may be due to iatrogenic @entity3152 or poor @entity1 compliance. @entity3036 may also be associated with an increased number of prenatal visits. This may be due to close monitoring of a high risk @entity1 . DISCLOSURES: E.T. Greeley: None. K.L. Terry: None. J.V. Spencer: None.

title: [251-POS]: Risk of XXXX compared to number of prenatal visits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'Eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ) has been associated with cardiovascular events; however, the prognostic significance of short-term @entity15882 remains uncertain. As uncertainty also remains as to which measure of variability most accurately describes short-term @entity15882 , this study explores different indices and investigates their relationship with subclinical @entity16 ( @entity16 ). We used data from the Mitchelstown Study, a cross-sectional study of Irish adults aged 47-73 years (n=2047). A subsample (1207) underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). As measures of short-term @entity15882 , we estimated the s.d., weighted s.d. (wSD), coefficient of variation (CV) and average real variability (ARV). @entity16 was documented by microalbuminuria and electrocardiogram (ECG) @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ). There was no association found between any measure of @entity15882 and @entity4346 in both unadjusted and fully adjusted logistic regression models. Similar analysis found that ARV (24   h, day and night), s.d. (day and night) and wSD were all univariately associated with microalbuminuria and remained associated after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, body mass index (BMI), @entity6 and antihypertensive treatment. However, when the models were further adjusted for the mean BP the association did not persist for all indices. Our findings illustrate choosing the appropriate summary measure, which accurately captures that short-term @entity15882 is difficult. Despite discrepancies in values between the different measures, there was no association between any indexes of variability with @entity16 measures after adjustment for the mean BP.Journal of @entity1 @entity101 advance online publication, 19 March 2015; doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.18.

title: Short-term blood pressure variability over 24   h and XXXX in middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['target organ damage', 'TOD']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['target organ damage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ) has been associated with cardiovascular events; however, the prognostic significance of short-term @entity15882 remains uncertain. As uncertainty also remains as to which measure of variability most accurately describes short-term @entity15882 , this study explores different indices and investigates their relationship with subclinical @entity16 ( @entity16 ). We used data from the Mitchelstown Study, a cross-sectional study of Irish adults aged 47-73 years (n=2047). A subsample (1207) underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). As measures of short-term @entity15882 , we estimated the s.d., weighted s.d. (wSD), coefficient of variation (CV) and average real variability (ARV). @entity16 was documented by microalbuminuria and electrocardiogram (ECG) @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ). There was no association found between any measure of @entity15882 and @entity4346 in both unadjusted and fully adjusted logistic regression models. Similar analysis found that ARV (24   h, day and night), s.d. (day and night) and wSD were all univariately associated with microalbuminuria and remained associated after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, body mass index (BMI), @entity6 and antihypertensive treatment. However, when the models were further adjusted for the mean BP the association did not persist for all indices. Our findings illustrate choosing the appropriate summary measure, which accurately captures that short-term @entity15882 is difficult. Despite discrepancies in values between the different measures, there was no association between any indexes of variability with @entity16 measures after adjustment for the mean BP.Journal of @entity1 @entity101 advance online publication, 19 March 2015; doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.18.

title: Short-term blood pressure variability over 24   h and @entity16 in middle-aged XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']