abstract: BACKGROUND: Since de-institutionalisation, much has been written about the risk posed to the community by those with severe @entity1032 . However, violent victimisation of @entity1 with mental illnesses has received little attention. AIMS: To establish the 1-year prevalence of violent victimisation in community-dwelling @entity1 with @entity716 and to identify the socio-demographic and clinical correlates of violent victimisation. METHOD: A total of 691 subjects with established @entity914 were interviewed. The past-year prevalence of violent victimisation was estimated and compared with general population figures. Those who reported being violently victimised were compared with those who did not on a range of social and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Sixteen per cent of @entity1 reported being violently victimised. Victims of violence were significantly more likely to report severe @entity1109 , homelessness, substance misuse and previous violent behaviour and were more likely to have a comorbid @entity1314 . CONCLUSIONS: Those with @entity716 are at considerable risk of violent victimisation in the community. Victimisation experience should be recorded in the standard psychiatric interview.

title: Prevalence of violent victimisation in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: CONTEXT: Endogenous glucocorticoid excess ( @entity699 ) predominantly increases postprandial @entity413 concentration. The pattern of @entity4854 induced by @entity617 has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to define the circadian effect of @entity617 on @entity413 concentration to optimize management of @entity617 -induced @entity4854 . DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 included 60 consecutive consenting subjects with @entity1030 admitted to hospital: 13 without known @entity6 admitted for other indications and not treated with glucocorticoids (group 1), 40 without known @entity6 admitted with an exacerbation of @entity1030 and treated with @entity617 (group 2, @entity617 = 30    6 mg/d), and seven with known @entity6 treated with @entity617 (group 3, @entity617 = 26    9 mg/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Interstitial @entity413 concentration was assessed during continuous @entity413 monitoring. RESULTS: Significantly more subjects in group 2 [21 of 40 (53%), P = 0.02] and group 3 [seven of seven (100%), P = 0.003] recorded a @entity413 of at least 200 mg/dl (>= 11.1 mmol/liter) during continuous @entity413 monitoring than in group 1 [one of 13 (8%)]. The mean @entity413 concentration between 2400-1200 h for group 3 (142    36 mg/dl) was significantly greater than in the other two groups (P < 0.005), whereas mean @entity413 concentrations between 2400-1200 h in group 1 (108    16 mg/dl) and group 2 (112    22 mg/dl) were not significantly different. In contrast, the mean @entity413 concentrations between 1200-2400 h for group 2 (142    25 mg/dl) and group 3 (189    32 mg/dl) were both significantly greater than group 1 (117    14 mg/dl, P < 0.05 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: @entity617 predominantly causes @entity4854 in the afternoon and evening. Treatment of @entity617 -induced @entity4854 should be targeted at this time period.

title: Continuous monitoring of circadian glycemic patterns in @entity1 receiving XXXX for @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: CONTEXT: Endogenous glucocorticoid excess ( @entity699 ) predominantly increases postprandial @entity413 concentration. The pattern of @entity4854 induced by @entity617 has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to define the circadian effect of @entity617 on @entity413 concentration to optimize management of @entity617 -induced @entity4854 . DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 included 60 consecutive consenting subjects with @entity1030 admitted to hospital: 13 without known @entity6 admitted for other indications and not treated with glucocorticoids (group 1), 40 without known @entity6 admitted with an exacerbation of @entity1030 and treated with @entity617 (group 2, @entity617 = 30    6 mg/d), and seven with known @entity6 treated with @entity617 (group 3, @entity617 = 26    9 mg/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Interstitial @entity413 concentration was assessed during continuous @entity413 monitoring. RESULTS: Significantly more subjects in group 2 [21 of 40 (53%), P = 0.02] and group 3 [seven of seven (100%), P = 0.003] recorded a @entity413 of at least 200 mg/dl (>= 11.1 mmol/liter) during continuous @entity413 monitoring than in group 1 [one of 13 (8%)]. The mean @entity413 concentration between 2400-1200 h for group 3 (142    36 mg/dl) was significantly greater than in the other two groups (P < 0.005), whereas mean @entity413 concentrations between 2400-1200 h in group 1 (108    16 mg/dl) and group 2 (112    22 mg/dl) were not significantly different. In contrast, the mean @entity413 concentrations between 1200-2400 h for group 2 (142    25 mg/dl) and group 3 (189    32 mg/dl) were both significantly greater than group 1 (117    14 mg/dl, P < 0.05 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: @entity617 predominantly causes @entity4854 in the afternoon and evening. Treatment of @entity617 -induced @entity4854 should be targeted at this time period.

title: Continuous monitoring of circadian glycemic patterns in @entity1 receiving @entity617 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: CONTEXT: Endogenous glucocorticoid excess ( @entity699 ) predominantly increases postprandial @entity413 concentration. The pattern of @entity4854 induced by @entity617 has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to define the circadian effect of @entity617 on @entity413 concentration to optimize management of @entity617 -induced @entity4854 . DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 included 60 consecutive consenting subjects with @entity1030 admitted to hospital: 13 without known @entity6 admitted for other indications and not treated with glucocorticoids (group 1), 40 without known @entity6 admitted with an exacerbation of @entity1030 and treated with @entity617 (group 2, @entity617 = 30    6 mg/d), and seven with known @entity6 treated with @entity617 (group 3, @entity617 = 26    9 mg/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Interstitial @entity413 concentration was assessed during continuous @entity413 monitoring. RESULTS: Significantly more subjects in group 2 [21 of 40 (53%), P = 0.02] and group 3 [seven of seven (100%), P = 0.003] recorded a @entity413 of at least 200 mg/dl (>= 11.1 mmol/liter) during continuous @entity413 monitoring than in group 1 [one of 13 (8%)]. The mean @entity413 concentration between 2400-1200 h for group 3 (142    36 mg/dl) was significantly greater than in the other two groups (P < 0.005), whereas mean @entity413 concentrations between 2400-1200 h in group 1 (108    16 mg/dl) and group 2 (112    22 mg/dl) were not significantly different. In contrast, the mean @entity413 concentrations between 1200-2400 h for group 2 (142    25 mg/dl) and group 3 (189    32 mg/dl) were both significantly greater than group 1 (117    14 mg/dl, P < 0.05 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: @entity617 predominantly causes @entity4854 in the afternoon and evening. Treatment of @entity617 -induced @entity4854 should be targeted at this time period.

title: Continuous monitoring of circadian glycemic patterns in XXXX receiving @entity617 for @entity1030 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A test battery was administered to 108 brain-damaged @entity302 backward @entity1 . The purpose of the investigation was to examine the influence of actual @entity410 (free of @entity410 or not) on intelligence, visuomotoric gestalt function, sensoric motoric function and personality characteristics. The two-failed t-test, discriminant analyses, regression analyses and factor analyses were computed. Most differences in performance (intelligence, visual perception, motoric function) between the diagnostic groups (free of @entity410 vs. not free of @entity410 ) were statistically significant (P less than 1%); the differences in personality characteristics, however, were not statistically significant (P greater than 1%). The administered tests differentiated the two groups: 90% of the 108 subjects were correctly classified due to a clinical criterion. Motoric and perseverance variables were the most important variables of the discriminant function. Subjects without @entity410 scored higher than subjects with @entity302 . As a result of factor analyses personality variables and performance variables constituted different factors in most cases. An important exception concerning the group "free of @entity410 " was the variable "Pathognomic verbalization": this variable and performance variables were part of one factor. In subjects "not free of @entity410 ", however, this variable and other personality variables clustered together in one factor.

title: [Influence of actual @entity302 on performance and personality in XXXX @entity1 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: A test battery was administered to 108 brain-damaged @entity302 backward @entity1 . The purpose of the investigation was to examine the influence of actual @entity410 (free of @entity410 or not) on intelligence, visuomotoric gestalt function, sensoric motoric function and personality characteristics. The two-failed t-test, discriminant analyses, regression analyses and factor analyses were computed. Most differences in performance (intelligence, visual perception, motoric function) between the diagnostic groups (free of @entity410 vs. not free of @entity410 ) were statistically significant (P less than 1%); the differences in personality characteristics, however, were not statistically significant (P greater than 1%). The administered tests differentiated the two groups: 90% of the 108 subjects were correctly classified due to a clinical criterion. Motoric and perseverance variables were the most important variables of the discriminant function. Subjects without @entity410 scored higher than subjects with @entity302 . As a result of factor analyses personality variables and performance variables constituted different factors in most cases. An important exception concerning the group "free of @entity410 " was the variable "Pathognomic verbalization": this variable and performance variables were part of one factor. In subjects "not free of @entity410 ", however, this variable and other personality variables clustered together in one factor.

title: [Influence of actual XXXX on performance and personality in @entity302 @entity1 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: A test battery was administered to 108 brain-damaged @entity302 backward @entity1 . The purpose of the investigation was to examine the influence of actual @entity410 (free of @entity410 or not) on intelligence, visuomotoric gestalt function, sensoric motoric function and personality characteristics. The two-failed t-test, discriminant analyses, regression analyses and factor analyses were computed. Most differences in performance (intelligence, visual perception, motoric function) between the diagnostic groups (free of @entity410 vs. not free of @entity410 ) were statistically significant (P less than 1%); the differences in personality characteristics, however, were not statistically significant (P greater than 1%). The administered tests differentiated the two groups: 90% of the 108 subjects were correctly classified due to a clinical criterion. Motoric and perseverance variables were the most important variables of the discriminant function. Subjects without @entity410 scored higher than subjects with @entity302 . As a result of factor analyses personality variables and performance variables constituted different factors in most cases. An important exception concerning the group "free of @entity410 " was the variable "Pathognomic verbalization": this variable and performance variables were part of one factor. In subjects "not free of @entity410 ", however, this variable and other personality variables clustered together in one factor.

title: [Influence of actual @entity302 on performance and personality in @entity302 XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity468 were given @entity1891 (50 micrograms/kg i.v. every 4 days) and studied after 7-29 injections when @entity51 became evident. The conduction velocity spectrum of individual afferent nerves from soleus muscles was shifted toward slower velocities. Relatively few functional muscle spindles or other proprioceptors which responded to muscle stretch were encountered. Those primary endings of soleus muscle spindles which did respond were significantly reduced in dynamic but not length sensitivity. Length sensitivity of secondary endings was unchanged. Thresholds of secondary but not primary endings were elevated. The average conduction velocity of soleus motor axons was reduced 30% but no deficit was detected in motor nerve terminal function. Indirectly-elicited contractile tension of the soleus muscles of the neuropathic @entity468 was not significantly lower than that in untreated animals. Amplitudes of spinal monosynaptic reflexes were unaffected. These data indicate, that in the cat, @entity16 results partly from dysfunction in muscle spindles and peripheral nerves.

title: Neurotoxicology of XXXX in the cat. Electrophysiological studies.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of low-dose and dose-escalating therapy of interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of Beh  et @entity1596 . METHODS: This study included 37 @entity1 with refractory Beh  et @entity5863 unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Induction interferon alfa-2a therapy was given as a daily dose of 3.0 million IU (MIU) subcutaneously for 14 days. Maintenance dose was achieved with 3.0 MIU 3 times per week given subcutaneously. The dosage was increased sequentially to 4.5, 6.0, and 9.0 MIU 3 times per week if @entity1596 relapses occurred. Total therapy duration was 24 months. Primary outcome measure was control of @entity1596 with quiescence during maintenance therapy. Ocular relapses per @entity1 -year before and after initiation of interferon alfa-2a therapy and a corticosteroid-sparing effect were secondary outcomes. We also estimated the rate of remission after discontinuing interferon alfa-2a therapy. RESULTS: During maintenance therapy, interferon alfa-2a controlled @entity1596 in 35 @entity1 (95%). In 15 @entity1 (41%), a maintenance dosage of 3.0 MIU 3 times per week controlled @entity1596 without any relapse. The rate of @entity1596 relapses decreased from 3.52 per @entity1 -year before to 0.75 per @entity1 -year after initiating interferon alfa-2a therapy. Seventeen @entity1 were receiving systemic @entity288 at the time of initiation of interferon therapy. During the maintenance stage, 9 @entity1 were able to discontinue and 8 to taper systemic @entity228 therapy. Survival analysis estimated that the rate of remission after discontinuation of interferon alfa-2a therapy was 76% by 3 months. The rate of remission remained stable thereafter. CONCLUSION: A treatment protocol using a low-dose and dose-escalating therapy with interferon alfa-2a was able to control and achieve remission of @entity1596 in most @entity1 with refractory ocular Beh  et disease.

title: Long-term efficacy and safety of low-dose and dose-escalating interferon alfa-2a therapy in refractory Beh  et XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: Immature @entity35 testicular cells undergo morphogenesis in primary culture (Davis, 1978). Depending upon the number of dissociated testicular cells added to the culture dish, spherical or @entity11578 were formed. Spherical aggregates resulted from movement of cells into centers of aggregation and the detachment of these cells from the substratum; on the other hand, @entity11578 resulted from detachment and retraction of the cell monolayer at certain points along its outer edge. In this investigation, the different methods of formation of aggregates by immature @entity35 testicular cells in primary culture were examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cell types involved in such morphogenesis and their associations within completely formed structures were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the rates of formation of aggregates were established by time-lapse cinemicroscopy. During formation of spherical aggregates, the rate of recruitment of cells into centers of aggregation (0.4 +/- 0.006 micrometer/min; means +/- S.E.M., n = 78) was much slower than the rate of cell detachment during formation of @entity11578 (11.7 +/- 1.8 micrometer/sec; means +/- S.E.M., n = 110). Although specific roles for each cell types in formation of aggregates have not been determined, the associations of cells within the two types of reformed aggregates appeared to be similar. Myofibroblast cells were located in outer cell layers and Sertoli cells were observed to underlie the layers of myofibroblasts in both types of aggregates. Germinal cells, however, were found on the outer surface of spherical aggregates, but in @entity11578 they were located on the inner surface. Since @entity11578 are formed by different methods, this observation suggests that rearrangement of cells, within the aggregates takes place and contributes to the internal morphology of newly formed aggregates.

title: Correlative light and electron microscopy of dissociated immature XXXX testicular cells undergoing morphogenesis in vitro.

entities_list: @entity11578 :: ('MESH:D020914', 'Disease') :: ['spherical and tubular aggregates', 'tubular aggregates']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: An absorbable plating system is most commonly used to fix the bones in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Many studies focused on the advantages and clinical utility of absorbable plate and screws, but there are no reports on the complications related to these devices. From March 2004 to March 2009, 430 @entity1 with @entity174 including infraorbital rim fractures underwent craniomaxillofacial surgery, in which rigid fixation was achieved with an absorbable plate and screws (Stryker, Freiburg, Germany). Five @entity1 with a delayed inflammatory reaction and @entity281 at infraorbital rim @entity174 site were reviewed. Their mean age was 39 (range, 18-53 y), and all @entity1 had @entity1180 . The period from surgery to the onset of symptoms ranged from 3 to 10 weeks with a mean of 5 weeks. One @entity1 was managed with oral antibiotics, but the other 4 @entity1 required incisional drainage with the removal of the plate and screws because of @entity733 formation. The @entity1 ' symptom improved after removing the absorbable plate and screws and saline irrigation, and there was no recurrence of @entity281 during the 12-month follow-up period. When fixing @entity174 , particularly in @entity1 with @entity1244 , it is recommended to use short screws to prevent penetration of the maxillary sinus wall. In particular, one should pay attention and use shorter screws owing to the thinness of the medial infraorbital rim.

title: Cellulitis related to bioabsorbable plate and screws in infraorbital rim XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['infraorbital fractures', 'fracture', 'facial bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: There are few publications on prevalence of @entity272 in Lebanon. OBJECTIVES: To find the prevalence of @entity66 among students seen at the university health services of the American University of Beirut. @entity1 _ METHODS: Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed. Chi-square tests were used to assess any significant difference between male and female prevalence amongst all types of @entity272 met; p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 2903 visits were reviewed, ages ranged from 16 to 33 years old, of whom 1688 were females (58.15%) and 1215 were males (41.85%). @entity5477 was the most prevalent, followed by hair problems and contact @entity1909 . @entity5477 and hair problems were significantly higher among females, and @entity4891 among males (p < 0.001 in all). CONCLUSIONS: Dermatologists must be aware of the psychological effects of @entity272 on their @entity1 . Acne, hair problems, and contact @entity1909 are the most common diseases seen. @entity1 seem to be more concerned about diseases that affect their image in society.

title: Common XXXX among students at a tertiary care center in Lebanon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['Acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['dermatologic diseases']


abstract: About 50% of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) have "silent" @entity354 ( @entity354 ). Our purpose was to evaluate the possibility that @entity1576 in @entity1 with @entity354 reflects the presence of more severe acid reflux. We compared the severity of parameters from pH studies in @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 and "silent" @entity354 , to @entity1 with signs of symptomatic @entity344 with and without @entity1576 . This study included 236 @entity1 (aged 1 month to 15 years) with abnormal 24-hr pH monitoring among 718 @entity1 studied for suspected diagnosis of @entity354 . @entity1 were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 but without any @entity344 of @entity354 . Group 2 was comprised of @entity1 with symptomatic GI presentation of @entity354 such as regurgitation, @entity391 , heartburn, and @entity177 to thrive, but without any signs or symptoms of @entity1576 . Group 3 included @entity1 with prevalent @entity1576 and concomitant signs of symptomatic @entity354 . @entity1 with predominant GI manifestations (group 2) had a significantly higher fraction of time with pH <4 (P < 0.01), total time value of pH <4 (P < 0.05), and longest episode with pH <4 (P < 0.05). Esophageal clearance was significantly longer in group 1 @entity1 than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). @entity1 with @entity66 (group 3) were similar to @entity1 in group 2. @entity1 with @entity344 had significantly worse scores for all parameters evaluated except esophageal clearance score, compared to @entity1 without @entity344 . Longer esophageal clearance was the only parameter associated with respiratory signs in @entity1 with @entity1576 compared to those without. In conclusion, the presence of @entity1576 in pediatric @entity1 with silent @entity354 is related to longer esophageal clearance, but is not related to severity of reflux.

title: Severity of acid @entity354 assessed by pH metry: is it associated with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mixed disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms', 'gastrointestinal (GI) GER']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms', 'respiratory diseases', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']


abstract: About 50% of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) have "silent" @entity354 ( @entity354 ). Our purpose was to evaluate the possibility that @entity1576 in @entity1 with @entity354 reflects the presence of more severe acid reflux. We compared the severity of parameters from pH studies in @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 and "silent" @entity354 , to @entity1 with signs of symptomatic @entity344 with and without @entity1576 . This study included 236 @entity1 (aged 1 month to 15 years) with abnormal 24-hr pH monitoring among 718 @entity1 studied for suspected diagnosis of @entity354 . @entity1 were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 but without any @entity344 of @entity354 . Group 2 was comprised of @entity1 with symptomatic GI presentation of @entity354 such as regurgitation, @entity391 , heartburn, and @entity177 to thrive, but without any signs or symptoms of @entity1576 . Group 3 included @entity1 with prevalent @entity1576 and concomitant signs of symptomatic @entity354 . @entity1 with predominant GI manifestations (group 2) had a significantly higher fraction of time with pH <4 (P < 0.01), total time value of pH <4 (P < 0.05), and longest episode with pH <4 (P < 0.05). Esophageal clearance was significantly longer in group 1 @entity1 than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). @entity1 with @entity66 (group 3) were similar to @entity1 in group 2. @entity1 with @entity344 had significantly worse scores for all parameters evaluated except esophageal clearance score, compared to @entity1 without @entity344 . Longer esophageal clearance was the only parameter associated with respiratory signs in @entity1 with @entity1576 compared to those without. In conclusion, the presence of @entity1576 in pediatric @entity1 with silent @entity354 is related to longer esophageal clearance, but is not related to severity of reflux.

title: Severity of acid XXXX assessed by pH metry: is it associated with @entity1576 ?

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many studies disregard the time dependence of @entity580 when examining length of hospital stay and the associated financial costs. This leads to the "time-dependent bias," which biases multiplicative hazard ratios. We demonstrate the time-dependent bias on the additive scale of extra length of stay. METHODS: To estimate the extra length of stay due to @entity281 , we used a multistate model that accounted for the time of @entity281 . For comparison we used a generalized linear model assuming a gamma distribution, a commonly used model that ignores the time of @entity281 . We applied these two methods to a large prospective cohort of hospital admissions from Argentina, and compared the methods' performance using a simulation study. RESULTS: For the Argentina data the extra length of stay due to @entity580 was 11.23 days when ignoring time dependence and only 1.35 days after accounting for the time of @entity281 . The simulations showed that ignoring time dependence consistently overestimated the extra length of stay. This overestimation was similar for different rates of @entity281 and even when an @entity281 prolonged or shortened stay. We show examples where the time-dependent bias remains unchanged for the true discharge hazard ratios, but the bias for the extra length of stay is doubled because length of stay depends on the @entity281 hazard. CONCLUSIONS: Ignoring the timing of @entity580 gives estimates that greatly overestimate its effect on the extra length of hospital stay.

title: The time-dependent bias and its effect on extra length of stay due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The role of static posturography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying @entity1 at high risk of falls was investigated. Relationships between static posturography measures and MRI metrics were also investigated. METHODS: A total of 31 ambulatory @entity15 @entity1 (EDSS ranging from 2.0 to 5.0) with a @entity74 were recruited. Each @entity1 underwent a static posturography with a monoaxial platform and a conventional 1.5 T brain MRI scan. Measurements of T1-hypointense and T2-hyperintense lesion volumes (LVs), focusing on lesions selectively located at infratentorial levels, were performed by two operators unaware of clinical data. The self-reported number of falls in the previous 6 months was considered as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Fourteen (45%) @entity1 reported 1 or more falls over the past 6 months. When compared to non-faller @entity1 , they had a higher EDSS score, poorer static standing balance, and greater brainstem and @entity76 ( @entity76 ) T2-LVs. A strength correlation between brainstem T2-LV and impaired static standing balance in an @entity2194 was also found. In the multivariate analysis, the variables more strictly associated with recurrent falls were greater T2-LV at the @entity76 (beta: 6.2; p=0.01) and brainstem (beta: 5.8; p=0.001) levels, and a wider displacement of the body center of pressure in the @entity2194 (beta: 0.02; p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that the damage of specific infratentorial areas negatively affect the static standing balance and may predispose @entity15 @entity1 to @entity2332 . These findings might contribute in selecting @entity1 requiring a proper rehabilitation intervention program.

title: The relationship between infratentorial lesions, balance deficit and @entity2332 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['closed eye condition', 'open eye condition']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['MCP', 'middle cerebellar peduncle']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['predominant balance disorder']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental falls']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The role of static posturography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying @entity1 at high risk of falls was investigated. Relationships between static posturography measures and MRI metrics were also investigated. METHODS: A total of 31 ambulatory @entity15 @entity1 (EDSS ranging from 2.0 to 5.0) with a @entity74 were recruited. Each @entity1 underwent a static posturography with a monoaxial platform and a conventional 1.5 T brain MRI scan. Measurements of T1-hypointense and T2-hyperintense lesion volumes (LVs), focusing on lesions selectively located at infratentorial levels, were performed by two operators unaware of clinical data. The self-reported number of falls in the previous 6 months was considered as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Fourteen (45%) @entity1 reported 1 or more falls over the past 6 months. When compared to non-faller @entity1 , they had a higher EDSS score, poorer static standing balance, and greater brainstem and @entity76 ( @entity76 ) T2-LVs. A strength correlation between brainstem T2-LV and impaired static standing balance in an @entity2194 was also found. In the multivariate analysis, the variables more strictly associated with recurrent falls were greater T2-LV at the @entity76 (beta: 6.2; p=0.01) and brainstem (beta: 5.8; p=0.001) levels, and a wider displacement of the body center of pressure in the @entity2194 (beta: 0.02; p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that the damage of specific infratentorial areas negatively affect the static standing balance and may predispose @entity15 @entity1 to @entity2332 . These findings might contribute in selecting @entity1 requiring a proper rehabilitation intervention program.

title: The relationship between infratentorial lesions, balance deficit and XXXX in @entity15 .

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['accidental falls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is an important complication occurring after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Animal model studies have shown the involvement of the Fas ( @entity1197 / @entity1197 )/Fas-Ligand pathway in @entity2132 pathogenesis, but its association with cutaneous @entity2132 in @entity1 remains to be established. METHODS: In the present study, Fas involvement in skin damage was assessed using a @entity1 skin explant model of @entity2132 . Fas and @entity12 expression were measured by immunohistochemistry and blockade of Fas pathway was investigated using an antagonistic anti-human Fas monoclonal antibody. In addition, levels of soluble Fas (sFas) were determined in the serum of @entity1 receiving allogeneic HSCT with and without @entity2132 . RESULTS: The results showed that Fas up-regulation in the epithelium of @entity1 skin explants correlated with @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) in the skin explant model (P<0.001). Decreased @entity2132 grades were observed by using a Fas blocking monoclonal antibody. Levels of sFas were increased post-HSCT (P<0.001) but rather than being associated with the severity of @entity2132 , sFas levels differed with the conditioning treatments the @entity1 received before the HSCT. CONCLUSIONS: Higher @entity2132 grades were associated with increased Fas expression in the epithelium of the skin explants. In addition, by blocking Fas-mediated apoptosis, the @entity2132 grades were decreased. Our study thus shows the involvement of Fas in cutaneous @entity2132 , and supports the potential use of Fas as a therapeutic target.

title: The involvement of epithelial Fas in a XXXX model of graft versus host disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'GVHR', 'Graft-versus-host disease', 'graft-versus-host reaction', 'GVHD damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 52-year-old white @entity1 had suffered from intermittent @entity360 for one year. Upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy and peroral double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) did not detect any @entity548 source, suggesting obscure @entity360 . However, in videocapsule endoscopy a jejunal ulceration without @entity548 signs was suspected and this was endoscopically confirmed by another peroral DBE. After transfusion of packed red blood cells, the @entity1 was discharged from our hospital in @entity558 . Two weeks later she was readmitted because of another episode of @entity548 . Multi-detector row computed tomography with 3D reconstruction was performed revealing a @entity5 causing lower @entity360 . The @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy with partial jejunal resection and end-to-end jejunostomy for reconstruction. Histological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a @entity674 ( @entity674 ). Nine days after surgery the @entity1 was discharged in good health. No signs of @entity344 occurred in a follow-up of eight months. We herein describe the complex presentation and course of this @entity1 with @entity674 and also review the current approach to treatment.

title: A typical presentation of a rare cause of obscure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good general condition']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal tumor']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal rebleeding']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['low risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: To understand the underlying mechanism(s) for the effect of exercise at different intensities on T cell and DNA vaccination responses, we treated @entity19 in a training protocol with regular moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) or prolonged, exhaustive @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). After 6 weeks of training, splenocytes were isolated to evaluate cytokine expression and T-regulatory (Treg) cell proportion by RT-PCR and @entity10062 , respectively. Another set of @entity19 that completed the same training protocol were used to determine DNA vaccination responses. These @entity19 were immunized three times with @entity97 DNA vaccine at 2-week intervals and euthanized on day 14 after the last immunization. Serum and splenocytes were isolated to determine humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Results showed that @entity2101 increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) Treg cell proportion. Further, @entity2101 decreased IFN-y expression, T-lymphocyte proliferation, and antigen-specic cytotoxic response in @entity97 DNA vaccine-immunized @entity19 . MIE did not change anti-inflammatory cytokine expression or @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) Treg cell proportion but increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and augmented antigen-specific CMI. Thus, MIE lower the risk of @entity5 and @entity166 through enhancing the pro-inflammatory responses. By contrast, @entity2101 might increase the risk of common @entity281 , such as @entity1729 , due to an up-regulation of @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) Treg cells and anti-inflammatory responses.

title: Effect of exercise training intensity on XXXX T-regulatory cells and vaccination response.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HIE', 'high-intensity exercise']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious illness']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND. Belief-importance (belimp; Petrides, 2010a,b) theory posits that @entity1314 traits confer on the individual a propensity to perceive convergences and divergences between their belief that they can attain goals and the importance that they place on these goals. The theory suggests that these convergences and divergences have important implications for affect, motivation, and action. AIMS. To test belimp theory using performance-based criteria relating to @entity4207 achievement and constructs from the @entity1314 domain. SAMPLES. Two hundred and forty-two students, of whom 121 were male and 117 were female (4 unreported). They were approximately 18 years old at the time of testing. METHODS. Data were collected on the belief and importance of @entity4207 achievement, the Giant Three @entity1314 dimensions, and trait emotional intelligence (trait EI). @entity4207 achievement was operationalized via Key Stage 3 and A-level assessment results. RESULTS. Four hypotheses concerning @entity4207 achievement were tested and confirmed, with the Motivation quadrant scoring higher than the other three belimp quadrants (Hubris, @entity308 , and Apathy). Four hypotheses concerning @entity1314 were tested, of which two were confirmed, with the Hubris quadrant scoring highest on psychoticism and the @entity308 quadrant scoring highest on @entity663 . Four hierarchical regressions demonstrated the incremental validity of the belief and importance belimp coordinates over the Giant Three @entity1314 dimensions in the prediction of @entity4207 achievement. CONCLUSIONS. The results are encouraging for belimp theory and complement similarly supportive findings in Petrides (2010b,c).

title: An application of belief-importance theory in the domain of XXXX achievement.

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic', 'Academic']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare scoring threshold and calibration method-dependent accuracy and variability of coronary @entity460 measurements by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). METHODS: Ninety-five subjects were scanned with MDCT. We calculated Agatston score and volume score. Mineral mass (MM) was calculated using @entity1 -based and scanner-based calibration methods. Accuracy of calibration was validated using artificial @entity460 cylinders. RESULTS: @entity1 -based and scanner-based calibration permitted accurate quantification of artificial @entity460 cylinders (bias: 0 mg and -2 mg). In the subjects, the mean relative difference of MM measurements performed at 90 and 130 Hounsfield units threshold (59%) was lower than for Agatston score (94%) and volume score (109%; P < 0.05). @entity1 -based and scanner-based calibration yielded systematically different MM measurements (bias: 22%). CONCLUSIONS: MM lowers threshold-dependent variability of coronary @entity460 measurements. @entity1 -based and scanner-based calibration allows accurate @entity460 quantification ex vivo but reveal systematic differences in subjects. @entity1 -based calibration may better account for subject size and composition.

title: Coronary XXXX quantification using various calibration phantoms and scoring thresholds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1003 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1578 . The benefit of traditional therapies to @entity3459 is often limited and short-lived. Our aim is to identify indications for rFVIIa use and the outcome of treatment in @entity1 with @entity1578 . METHODS: A retrospective review from July 2000 to December 2001 was performed to identify consecutive @entity1 with @entity879 who received rFVIIa. Prothrombin times (PT) before and after therapy were compared by paired t test. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were treated with rFVIIa for @entity1003 caused by @entity1578 . All were receiving fresh frozen plasma (mean infusion rate, 39.7 mL/kg/day) when rFVIIa therapy was started. The mean PT before rFVIIa was 32.0 +/- 7.0 seconds. One hour after infusion, the PT normalized to 13.7 +/- 2.4 seconds (P < 0.0001) and remained significantly reduced at 6 hours (19.8 +/- 5.3 seconds; P < 0.0001). A sustained improvement was maintained during the subsequent 3 days. Five of seven @entity1 with @entity548 complications improved clinically after rFVIIa treatment. Two of the @entity548 @entity1 also benefited from improved fluid balance as fresh frozen plasma support was reduced. No @entity715 events were attributed to rFVIIa therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1578 , rFVIIa therapy quickly normalizes the PT and maintains improved hemostasis, even when @entity1003 has been refractory to fresh frozen plasma. Therapy subjectively reduces clinical @entity548 and can improve fluid balance, without complications.

title: Recombinant factor VIIa improves XXXX caused by @entity1578 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['correct coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['coagulopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1003 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1578 . The benefit of traditional therapies to @entity3459 is often limited and short-lived. Our aim is to identify indications for rFVIIa use and the outcome of treatment in @entity1 with @entity1578 . METHODS: A retrospective review from July 2000 to December 2001 was performed to identify consecutive @entity1 with @entity879 who received rFVIIa. Prothrombin times (PT) before and after therapy were compared by paired t test. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were treated with rFVIIa for @entity1003 caused by @entity1578 . All were receiving fresh frozen plasma (mean infusion rate, 39.7 mL/kg/day) when rFVIIa therapy was started. The mean PT before rFVIIa was 32.0 +/- 7.0 seconds. One hour after infusion, the PT normalized to 13.7 +/- 2.4 seconds (P < 0.0001) and remained significantly reduced at 6 hours (19.8 +/- 5.3 seconds; P < 0.0001). A sustained improvement was maintained during the subsequent 3 days. Five of seven @entity1 with @entity548 complications improved clinically after rFVIIa treatment. Two of the @entity548 @entity1 also benefited from improved fluid balance as fresh frozen plasma support was reduced. No @entity715 events were attributed to rFVIIa therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1578 , rFVIIa therapy quickly normalizes the PT and maintains improved hemostasis, even when @entity1003 has been refractory to fresh frozen plasma. Therapy subjectively reduces clinical @entity548 and can improve fluid balance, without complications.

title: Recombinant factor VIIa improves @entity1003 caused by XXXX .

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['liver failure']


abstract: 1. Baroreflex activity was assessed in nine fetal, four new-born and six adult @entity742 , using the relationship between heart period and arterial pressure. Arterial pressure was raised either by inflating a balloon in the dorsal aorta, by rapid intravenous injection of @entity2647 or @entity7202 , or by slow intravenous infusion of @entity7202 . 2. In the fetus the three methods gave different estimates of baroreflex sensitivity (balloon, 1.3 +/- 0.7 mmHg; injections, 5.4 +/- 0.5 msec mmHg; infusions, 7.2 +/- 0.9 msec/mmHg) whereas they were comparable in the new-born and adult. 3. Estimates of baroreflex sensitivity were significantly lower in the fetus and new-born than in the adult whichever method was used. 4. In the fetus there were variable changes of heart period when arterial pressure was raised by inflation of the balloon. The responses to injection of @entity2647 or @entity7202 were also variable. 5. This variability was not associated with changes in electrocortical activity, the presence or absence of @entity1353 movements or limb movements, or changes of blood gases. 6. In the fetus the heart period frequently did not change unless the arterial pressure was raised by approximately 15 mmHg (to 61 mmHg), suggesting that the threshold for baroreflex activity is above the normal range of arterial pressure before birth.

title: Relationship of arterial pressure and heart rate in fetal, new-born and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity296 ( @entity296 ) @entity1 refractory to medical therapy and @entity2333 or in whom weaning from these therapies is impossible, are candidates for a @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) as a bridge to recovery or transplant. Continuous-flow LVADs are smaller, have a better long-term durability and are associated with better outcomes. Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as a temporary support in @entity1 with refractory @entity1455 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mechanical support in acute and critically ill @entity296 @entity1 . METHODS: This was a retrospective search of the @entity1 database of the Ghent University hospital (2000 to 2010). RESULTS: Six @entity296 - @entity1 were treated with mechanical support. Three @entity1 presented in the postpartum period and three @entity1 at the end of pregnancy. All were treated with @entity2333 , the duration of @entity2333 support ranged from 1 to 13 days. An ECMO was inserted in one @entity1 who presented with @entity1455 , multiple @entity881 and a stillborn baby. Two @entity1 showed partial recovery and could be weaned off the @entity2333 . Four @entity1 were implanted with a continuous-flow @entity1002 (HeartMate II, Thoratec Inc.), including the ECMO- @entity1 . Three @entity1002 @entity1 were successfully transplanted 78, 126 and 360 days after @entity1002 implant; one @entity1 is still on the transplant waiting list. We observed one peripheral @entity715 due to @entity2333 and five early bleeding complications in three @entity1002 @entity1 . One @entity1 died suddenly two years after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity296 with @entity712 @entity2333 was safe and efficient as a bridge to recovery or as a bridge to @entity1002 . ECMO provided temporary support as a bridge to @entity1002 , while the newer continuous-flow LVADs offered a safe bridge to transplant.

title: Acute and critically ill peripartum XXXX and 'bridge to' therapeutic options: a single center experience with @entity2333 , extra corporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Peripartum cardiomyopathy', 'PPCM']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['refractory heart failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation', 'IABP']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complication']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVAD', 'left ventricular assist device']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity296 ( @entity296 ) @entity1 refractory to medical therapy and @entity2333 or in whom weaning from these therapies is impossible, are candidates for a @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) as a bridge to recovery or transplant. Continuous-flow LVADs are smaller, have a better long-term durability and are associated with better outcomes. Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as a temporary support in @entity1 with refractory @entity1455 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mechanical support in acute and critically ill @entity296 @entity1 . METHODS: This was a retrospective search of the @entity1 database of the Ghent University hospital (2000 to 2010). RESULTS: Six @entity296 - @entity1 were treated with mechanical support. Three @entity1 presented in the postpartum period and three @entity1 at the end of pregnancy. All were treated with @entity2333 , the duration of @entity2333 support ranged from 1 to 13 days. An ECMO was inserted in one @entity1 who presented with @entity1455 , multiple @entity881 and a stillborn baby. Two @entity1 showed partial recovery and could be weaned off the @entity2333 . Four @entity1 were implanted with a continuous-flow @entity1002 (HeartMate II, Thoratec Inc.), including the ECMO- @entity1 . Three @entity1002 @entity1 were successfully transplanted 78, 126 and 360 days after @entity1002 implant; one @entity1 is still on the transplant waiting list. We observed one peripheral @entity715 due to @entity2333 and five early bleeding complications in three @entity1002 @entity1 . One @entity1 died suddenly two years after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity296 with @entity712 @entity2333 was safe and efficient as a bridge to recovery or as a bridge to @entity1002 . ECMO provided temporary support as a bridge to @entity1002 , while the newer continuous-flow LVADs offered a safe bridge to transplant.

title: Acute and critically ill peripartum @entity296 and 'bridge to' therapeutic options: a single center experience with XXXX , extra corporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices.

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['intra-aortic balloon pump']


abstract: Functional magnetic resonance (MR) encompasses a spectrum of techniques that depict physiological and molecular processes before morphological changes are visible on conventional imaging. As understanding of the pathophysiological and biomolecular processes involved in @entity0 evolves, newer functional MR techniques can be employed that define early predictive and surrogate biomarkers for monitoring response to chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used in @entity1 with primary @entity0 to @entity5 and enable successful breast conservation surgery. It also plays a role in the treatment of undetected micrometastases. Cardinal physiological features of @entity5 that occur as a result of interactions between @entity5 cells, stromal cells and secreted factors and cytokines and how they change with treatment provide the opportunity to detect changes in the @entity5 microenvironment prior to any morphological change. Through sequential imaging, @entity5 response can be assessed and non-responders can be identified early to enable alternative therapies to be considered. This review summarises the functional magnetic resonance biomarkers of response in @entity1 with @entity0 that are currently available and under development. We describe the current state of each biomarker and explore their potential clinical uses and limitations in assessing treatment response. With the aid of selected interesting cases, biomarkers related to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI, T2*/BOLD and MR spectroscopy are described and illustrated. The potential of newer approaches, such as MR elastography, are also reviewed.

title: Functional magnetic resonance: biomarkers of response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'down-stage the tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast malignancies', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Large sessile @entity1586 usually are managed surgically, with significant morbidity and potential mortality. There have been few prospective, intention-to-treat, multicenter studies of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We investigated whether endoscopic criteria can predict invasive disease and direct the optimal treatment strategy. METHODS: The Australian Colonic Endoscopic (ACE) resection study group conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study of all @entity1 referred for EMR of sessile @entity1127 that were 20 mm or greater in size (n=479, mean age, 68.5 y; mean lesion size, 35.6 mm). We analyzed data on lesion characteristics and procedural, clinical, and histologic outcomes. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of EMR efficacy and recurrence of @entity652 , based on findings from follow-up colonoscopy examinations. RESULTS: Risk factors for submucosal invasion were as follows: Paris classification 0-IIa+c morphology, nongranular surface, and Kudo pit pattern type V. The most commonly observed lesion (0-IIa granular) had a low rate of submucosal invasion (1.4%). EMR was effective at completely removing the polyp in a single session in 89.2% of @entity1 ; risk factors for lack of efficacy included a prior attempt at EMR (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-7.94; P=.001) and ileocecal valve involvement (OR, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-9.52; P=.021). Independent predictors of recurrence after effective EMR were lesion size greater than 40 mm (OR, 4.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.43-7.88; P<.001) and use of @entity3503 plasma coagulation (OR, 3.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-7.27; P=.0017). There were no deaths from EMR; 83.7% of @entity1 avoided surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Large sessile @entity1586 can be managed safely and effectively by endoscopy. Endoscopic assessment identifies lesions at increased risk of containing @entity5 . The first EMR is an important determinant of @entity1 outcome-a previous attempt is a significant risk factor for lack of efficacy.

title: Endoscopic mucosal resection outcomes and prediction of XXXX from advanced colonic mucosal neoplasia.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['submucosal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, @entity130 is a leading cause of @entity204 and disability. @entity548 is responsible for up to 40% of @entity130 deaths. Recent strategies to improve mortality rates have focused on optimal methods of early @entity548 control and correction of @entity1003 . We undertook a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) which evaluated @entity130 @entity1 with @entity548 within the first 24 hours of injury and appraised how the interventions affected three outcomes: @entity548 and/or transfusion requirements; correction of @entity130 induced @entity1003 and mortality. METHODS: Comprehensive searches were performed of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library Issue 7, 2010), Current Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and the National Health Service Blood and Transplant Systematic Review Initiative (NHSBT SRI) RCT Handsearch Database. RESULTS: A total of 35 RCTs were identified which evaluated a wide range of clinical interventions in @entity548 . Many of the included studies were of low methodological quality and @entity1 numbers were small. Bleeding outcomes were reported in 32 studies; 7 reported significantly reduced transfusion use following a variety of clinical interventions, but this was not accompanied by improved survival. Minimal information was found on traumatic @entity1003 across the identified RCTs. Overall survival was improved in only three RCTs: two small studies and a large study evaluating the use of @entity927 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite 35 RCTs there has been little improvement in outcomes over the last few decades. No clear correlation has been demonstrated between transfusion requirements and mortality. The global @entity130 community should consider a coordinated and strategic approach to conduct well designed studies with pragmatic endpoints.

title: The acute management of XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['trauma hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock', 'Haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['trauma hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference between on-pump cardiopulmonary bypass (CABG) and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) without heparin reversal with regard to @entity548 , transfusion requirements, and incidence of surgical re-exploration of the mediastinum. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: A large academic medical center. @entity1 : Two hundred adult @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred CABG @entity1 were compared with 100 @entity453 @entity1 . Statistical significance was measured with P values of <or=0.05. The heparin was not reversed in the @entity453 @entity1 . CABG @entity1 received more intraoperative allogeneic red blood cells (median 250 mL v 0 mL, p = 0.002), intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) (550 mL v 425 mL, p = 0.001), platelets (9% v 1%, p = 0.009), and less albumin (0 mL v 250 mL, p = 0.001) than @entity453 @entity1 . Postoperatively, CABG @entity1 were more likely to receive fresh-frozen plasma (19% v 8%, p = 0.03) and less likely to receive IAT than the @entity453 group. During the initial 4-hour postoperative period, @entity453 @entity1 exhibited greater @entity190 via chest tube (290 mL v 385 mL, p = 0.003); however, at 12 hours and 24 hours postoperatively, there was no statistical difference in @entity190 between the 2 groups. There were no statistically significant differences in surgical re-exploration of the mediastinum between the CABG and @entity453 groups. CONCLUSION: Despite not reversing the heparin at the end of the @entity453 surgery, @entity453 surgery was associated with an overall reduction in allogeneic transfusion requirements.

title: A comparison of XXXX and transfusion in @entity1 who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting via sternotomy with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['OPCAB', 'off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference between on-pump cardiopulmonary bypass (CABG) and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) without heparin reversal with regard to @entity548 , transfusion requirements, and incidence of surgical re-exploration of the mediastinum. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: A large academic medical center. @entity1 : Two hundred adult @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred CABG @entity1 were compared with 100 @entity453 @entity1 . Statistical significance was measured with P values of <or=0.05. The heparin was not reversed in the @entity453 @entity1 . CABG @entity1 received more intraoperative allogeneic red blood cells (median 250 mL v 0 mL, p = 0.002), intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) (550 mL v 425 mL, p = 0.001), platelets (9% v 1%, p = 0.009), and less albumin (0 mL v 250 mL, p = 0.001) than @entity453 @entity1 . Postoperatively, CABG @entity1 were more likely to receive fresh-frozen plasma (19% v 8%, p = 0.03) and less likely to receive IAT than the @entity453 group. During the initial 4-hour postoperative period, @entity453 @entity1 exhibited greater @entity190 via chest tube (290 mL v 385 mL, p = 0.003); however, at 12 hours and 24 hours postoperatively, there was no statistical difference in @entity190 between the 2 groups. There were no statistically significant differences in surgical re-exploration of the mediastinum between the CABG and @entity453 groups. CONCLUSION: Despite not reversing the heparin at the end of the @entity453 surgery, @entity453 surgery was associated with an overall reduction in allogeneic transfusion requirements.

title: A comparison of @entity548 and transfusion in XXXX who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting via sternotomy with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to establish whether regional @entity63 ( @entity63 ) reduces ischemic reperfusion @entity943 in @entity1 who undergo @entity453 ( @entity453 ). DESIGN: A controlled, randomized, prospective study. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity301 (including @entity3980 ) who were to undergo @entity453 were randomized into an @entity63 and a control group. INTERVENTIONS: @entity63 was induced by occluding the @entity3980 twice for a 2-minute period followed by 3-minute @entity3980 reperfusion before bypass grafting of the first coronary vessel. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four-hour electrocardiography was recorded from the preoperative day to the second postoperative day. The heart rate (HR) was significantly elevated after surgery. @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) events were similar before and after surgery. The incidence of @entity1 with @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was significantly increased after the operation. @entity943 occurred mostly during @entity254 and the early reperfusion period and recovered 2 hours after reperfusion. @entity4710 were mostly encountered 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity63 significantly suppressed HR elevation, @entity4710 , and @entity1165 after surgery. @entity4710 , @entity1540 , and @entity955 episodes were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity943 was a common phenomenon during and after an @entity453 procedure. The present @entity63 protocol significantly suppressed HR elevation, the episodes of @entity4710 , and the incidence of @entity1165 after surgery.

title: XXXX in @entity453 and the antiarrhythmic effect of regional @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT', 'Supraventricular extrasystole', 'Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'SVES']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) or 2-vessel heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'ischemic preconditioning']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystole', 'VES']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting', 'OPCAB']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'Ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to establish whether regional @entity63 ( @entity63 ) reduces ischemic reperfusion @entity943 in @entity1 who undergo @entity453 ( @entity453 ). DESIGN: A controlled, randomized, prospective study. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity301 (including @entity3980 ) who were to undergo @entity453 were randomized into an @entity63 and a control group. INTERVENTIONS: @entity63 was induced by occluding the @entity3980 twice for a 2-minute period followed by 3-minute @entity3980 reperfusion before bypass grafting of the first coronary vessel. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four-hour electrocardiography was recorded from the preoperative day to the second postoperative day. The heart rate (HR) was significantly elevated after surgery. @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) events were similar before and after surgery. The incidence of @entity1 with @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was significantly increased after the operation. @entity943 occurred mostly during @entity254 and the early reperfusion period and recovered 2 hours after reperfusion. @entity4710 were mostly encountered 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity63 significantly suppressed HR elevation, @entity4710 , and @entity1165 after surgery. @entity4710 , @entity1540 , and @entity955 episodes were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity943 was a common phenomenon during and after an @entity453 procedure. The present @entity63 protocol significantly suppressed HR elevation, the episodes of @entity4710 , and the incidence of @entity1165 after surgery.

title: @entity943 in @entity453 and the antiarrhythmic effect of regional XXXX .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic preconditioning']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to establish whether regional @entity63 ( @entity63 ) reduces ischemic reperfusion @entity943 in @entity1 who undergo @entity453 ( @entity453 ). DESIGN: A controlled, randomized, prospective study. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity301 (including @entity3980 ) who were to undergo @entity453 were randomized into an @entity63 and a control group. INTERVENTIONS: @entity63 was induced by occluding the @entity3980 twice for a 2-minute period followed by 3-minute @entity3980 reperfusion before bypass grafting of the first coronary vessel. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four-hour electrocardiography was recorded from the preoperative day to the second postoperative day. The heart rate (HR) was significantly elevated after surgery. @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) events were similar before and after surgery. The incidence of @entity1 with @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was significantly increased after the operation. @entity943 occurred mostly during @entity254 and the early reperfusion period and recovered 2 hours after reperfusion. @entity4710 were mostly encountered 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity63 significantly suppressed HR elevation, @entity4710 , and @entity1165 after surgery. @entity4710 , @entity1540 , and @entity955 episodes were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity943 was a common phenomenon during and after an @entity453 procedure. The present @entity63 protocol significantly suppressed HR elevation, the episodes of @entity4710 , and the incidence of @entity1165 after surgery.

title: @entity943 in XXXX and the antiarrhythmic effect of regional @entity63 .

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting']


abstract: A pharmacokinetic method of establishing individualized doses of @entity3416 in @entity1 with acute @entity5143 was evaluated. @entity1 admitted to a hospital who required intravenous @entity3416 for bronchodilation were studied. Blood samples were drawn before treatment for @entity2544 -content measurement. Loading doses were administered intravenously and half-lives and volumes of distribution were determined. Individualized constant-rate infusions based on pharmacokinetic data were then begun. Heart rate, @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity410 , and serum @entity2544 content were monitored during the study. The mean age of the 55 @entity1 in the study was 54.3 years (range: 7 to 87). @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity409 numbered 32; 30 @entity1 were smokers. At approximately 24 hours after the calculated constant-rate infusion was begun, 85% of the @entity1 had therapeutic serum levels of @entity2544 ; 11% of the @entity1 had subtherapeutic levels and 4% had toxic levels. All measured concentrations were between 7.5 and 23.0 microgram/ml. The study method produced significantly more @entity1 in the therapeutic range than would have occurred if previously reported standardized methods had been used (p less than 0.05). Most @entity1 had a @entity1168 after treatment. No other adverse effects occurred that were attributable to i.v. @entity3416 . It is concluded that, for @entity1 in acute @entity5143 , individualizing i.v. @entity3416 doses with @entity1 -specific pharmacokinetic data can increase significantly the number of @entity1 who rapidly attain therapeutic serum @entity2544 levels.

title: Use of a pharmacokinetic method for establishing doses of XXXX to treat acute @entity5143 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity3416 :: (MESH:D000628,Chemical) :: ['aminophylline']


abstract: A pharmacokinetic method of establishing individualized doses of @entity3416 in @entity1 with acute @entity5143 was evaluated. @entity1 admitted to a hospital who required intravenous @entity3416 for bronchodilation were studied. Blood samples were drawn before treatment for @entity2544 -content measurement. Loading doses were administered intravenously and half-lives and volumes of distribution were determined. Individualized constant-rate infusions based on pharmacokinetic data were then begun. Heart rate, @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity410 , and serum @entity2544 content were monitored during the study. The mean age of the 55 @entity1 in the study was 54.3 years (range: 7 to 87). @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity409 numbered 32; 30 @entity1 were smokers. At approximately 24 hours after the calculated constant-rate infusion was begun, 85% of the @entity1 had therapeutic serum levels of @entity2544 ; 11% of the @entity1 had subtherapeutic levels and 4% had toxic levels. All measured concentrations were between 7.5 and 23.0 microgram/ml. The study method produced significantly more @entity1 in the therapeutic range than would have occurred if previously reported standardized methods had been used (p less than 0.05). Most @entity1 had a @entity1168 after treatment. No other adverse effects occurred that were attributable to i.v. @entity3416 . It is concluded that, for @entity1 in acute @entity5143 , individualizing i.v. @entity3416 doses with @entity1 -specific pharmacokinetic data can increase significantly the number of @entity1 who rapidly attain therapeutic serum @entity2544 levels.

title: Use of a pharmacokinetic method for establishing doses of @entity3416 to treat acute XXXX .

answer: @entity5143 :: (MESH:D001986,Disease) :: ['bronchospasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of @entity9667 polymorphism on menopausal symptoms after @entity172 treatment. METHODS: A total of 130 @entity1 were recruited, but only 100 of these were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria; they were treated with 0.3 mg/day conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 . One year later, the study was completed by 71 @entity1 . The analysis of the Kupperman menopausal index symptoms was made with information provided by the @entity1 on daily diary cards. Blood samples were analyzed and the @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the @entity9667 , 5'-untranslated region: group A (wild-type homozygote and heterozygote) and group B (mutated homozygote). RESULTS: The values for the Kupperman menopausal index were similar in both groups at baseline. The symptoms in both groups decreased after 1 year of treatment when compared to those at baseline. The improvement rate was approximately 27.09% and 32.18%, in groups A and B, respectively. The levels of @entity172 after treatment were higher in both groups in comparison with the baseline values. The @entity251 level rose in group B with the 1-year treatment (0.48 + 0.16 ng/ml), reaching a higher level than the level in group A after treatment. The @entity443 ( @entity443 ) level showed a significant increase after the 1-year treatment in group B, surpassing both the baseline and the after-treatment values in group A (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the @entity9667 polymorphism did not influence the action of @entity172 on menopause symptoms during the 1-year treatment. The extra production of @entity172 and @entity342 may have been countered by the elevation of @entity443 levels.

title: Influence of the XXXX polymorphism on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal @entity1 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity9667 :: (1586,Gene) :: ['CYP17']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of @entity9667 polymorphism on menopausal symptoms after @entity172 treatment. METHODS: A total of 130 @entity1 were recruited, but only 100 of these were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria; they were treated with 0.3 mg/day conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 . One year later, the study was completed by 71 @entity1 . The analysis of the Kupperman menopausal index symptoms was made with information provided by the @entity1 on daily diary cards. Blood samples were analyzed and the @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the @entity9667 , 5'-untranslated region: group A (wild-type homozygote and heterozygote) and group B (mutated homozygote). RESULTS: The values for the Kupperman menopausal index were similar in both groups at baseline. The symptoms in both groups decreased after 1 year of treatment when compared to those at baseline. The improvement rate was approximately 27.09% and 32.18%, in groups A and B, respectively. The levels of @entity172 after treatment were higher in both groups in comparison with the baseline values. The @entity251 level rose in group B with the 1-year treatment (0.48 + 0.16 ng/ml), reaching a higher level than the level in group A after treatment. The @entity443 ( @entity443 ) level showed a significant increase after the 1-year treatment in group B, surpassing both the baseline and the after-treatment values in group A (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the @entity9667 polymorphism did not influence the action of @entity172 on menopause symptoms during the 1-year treatment. The extra production of @entity172 and @entity342 may have been countered by the elevation of @entity443 levels.

title: Influence of the @entity9667 polymorphism on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Kinases are enzymes that are involved in a wide-range of cellular targets such as cell proliferation, metabolism, survival and apoptosis. Aberrations in the activity of the kinases have been linked to many @entity1 diseases such as @entity6 , @entity32 and @entity5 . The discovery of more than 518 kinases encoded by the @entity1 genome has spurred the development of rapid screening techniques for potential drugs against these enzymes and these have been identified as interesting targets for medicinal chemistry programs, especially in @entity5 therapy. On the other hand, @entity599 and @entity4259 have been increasingly recognized as essential elements in biology and medicine. Converging data from epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted these elements as effective chemopreventive agents, particularly against various types of @entity5 (prostate, lung, @entity0 , colon, skin, lymphome, thyroid, pancreas, liver). These elements act through a wide range of potential mechanisms where one identified signal pathway event is kinase modulation, which is common for the two elements and emerges as a valid target. The kinases modulated by @entity599 and @entity4259 derivatives include MAP, ERK, @entity4675 , @entity584 , @entity10610 , @entity8189 and @entity10609 amongst others. Although both of the elements in question are in the same group in the periodic table and have similar biochemistries, there are relevant differences related to redox potentials, stabilities, oxidation states and anticancer activity. Literature data suggest that the replacement of @entity599 by @entity4259 in established @entity5 chemopreventive agents results in more effective chemopreventive analogs. In view of the multi-target kinase mechanisms in preventing cellular transformation, as well as the differences and similarities between them, in this review we focus on the development of new structures that contain @entity4259 and/or @entity599 and discuss our understanding of the regulation of antitumoral effects with emphasis on kinase modulation activity and its implications in @entity5 .

title: Kinase regulation by XXXX and @entity4259 containing compounds.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: Kinases are enzymes that are involved in a wide-range of cellular targets such as cell proliferation, metabolism, survival and apoptosis. Aberrations in the activity of the kinases have been linked to many @entity1 diseases such as @entity6 , @entity32 and @entity5 . The discovery of more than 518 kinases encoded by the @entity1 genome has spurred the development of rapid screening techniques for potential drugs against these enzymes and these have been identified as interesting targets for medicinal chemistry programs, especially in @entity5 therapy. On the other hand, @entity599 and @entity4259 have been increasingly recognized as essential elements in biology and medicine. Converging data from epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted these elements as effective chemopreventive agents, particularly against various types of @entity5 (prostate, lung, @entity0 , colon, skin, lymphome, thyroid, pancreas, liver). These elements act through a wide range of potential mechanisms where one identified signal pathway event is kinase modulation, which is common for the two elements and emerges as a valid target. The kinases modulated by @entity599 and @entity4259 derivatives include MAP, ERK, @entity4675 , @entity584 , @entity10610 , @entity8189 and @entity10609 amongst others. Although both of the elements in question are in the same group in the periodic table and have similar biochemistries, there are relevant differences related to redox potentials, stabilities, oxidation states and anticancer activity. Literature data suggest that the replacement of @entity599 by @entity4259 in established @entity5 chemopreventive agents results in more effective chemopreventive analogs. In view of the multi-target kinase mechanisms in preventing cellular transformation, as well as the differences and similarities between them, in this review we focus on the development of new structures that contain @entity4259 and/or @entity599 and discuss our understanding of the regulation of antitumoral effects with emphasis on kinase modulation activity and its implications in @entity5 .

title: Kinase regulation by @entity599 and XXXX containing compounds.

answer: @entity4259 :: (MESH:D012643,Chemical) :: ['selenium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nowadays early diagnosis of @entity1002 represents a major challenge in asymptomatic subjects with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) recently emerged as an important tool with clinical relevance in several @entity299 . AIM: To evaluate the ability of @entity10345 in detecting early longitudinal @entity67 in asymptomatic subjects, with LV ejection fraction >55%, normal diastolic function, and its relationship with CV risk factors. METHODS: A total of 1,371 subjects (median age 60 years, 595 males) formed our study population: Controls, 265 healthy subjects; Group I, 434 subjects with one CV risk factor; Group II, 401 subjects with two CV risk factors; Group III, 271 subjects with >=  3 CV risk factors. All subjects underwent a comprehensive standard echo Doppler evaluation, including PW-TDI study. RESULTS: Diastolic parameters such as (E\A, A-wave, Em\Am; E\Em) were able to discriminate the number of CV risk factors. The only systolic parameter that progressively reduced by increasing the number of CV risk factors was @entity1002 (Sm), (P < 0.0001). At multivariate analysis, the only functional parameter able to predict the increasing number of CV risk factors was Sm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TDI is able to identify early @entity1002 in presence of apparently normal systolic and diastolic function and progressively impairs with increasing CV risk factors. These findings could be clinically relevant in identifying asymptomatic subjects who need a early tailored preventive treatment.

title: Early left XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors in 1,371 asymptomatic subjects with normal ejection fraction: a tissue Doppler study.

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV global longitudinal systolic function', 'longitudinal LV systolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular longitudinal systolic dysfunction']


abstract: (101/El x C3H/el)F1 male @entity19 were infected intraperitoneally with the mutagen @entity4174 and immediately caged with untreated test-stock females. Crude liver extracts from the offspring were subjected to @entity2975 gel isoelectric focusing, and the gels were stained for six enzymes. In the experimental group (mutagen treated spermatogonial germ-cell stage), a dominant inherited banding alteration of the @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) pattern was detected. By crossing the heterozygous mutants, homozygotes were obtained that showed much less gel staining intensity. The mutation is codominantly expressed with 100% penetrance. The banding alteration was also observed in muscle, kidney, heart, blood, brain, testis, spleen, and lung. @entity2975 gel electrophoresis was performed with all the tissues examined. The mutation causes the intensity of the band corresponding to @entity73028 (primary molecular form in muscle) to decrease from that of the wild type, while the intensity of the bands corresponding to @entity36904 (primary molecular form in heart) remains constant. It is concluded that the mutation affects the locus coding for LDH of the muscle type. Ldh-1c is proposed as the allele symbol.

title: A mutation affecting the @entity880 dehydrogenase locus XXXX in the @entity19 -I. Genetical and electrophoretical characterization.

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity73028 :: (16828(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ldh-1']


abstract: (101/El x C3H/el)F1 male @entity19 were infected intraperitoneally with the mutagen @entity4174 and immediately caged with untreated test-stock females. Crude liver extracts from the offspring were subjected to @entity2975 gel isoelectric focusing, and the gels were stained for six enzymes. In the experimental group (mutagen treated spermatogonial germ-cell stage), a dominant inherited banding alteration of the @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) pattern was detected. By crossing the heterozygous mutants, homozygotes were obtained that showed much less gel staining intensity. The mutation is codominantly expressed with 100% penetrance. The banding alteration was also observed in muscle, kidney, heart, blood, brain, testis, spleen, and lung. @entity2975 gel electrophoresis was performed with all the tissues examined. The mutation causes the intensity of the band corresponding to @entity73028 (primary molecular form in muscle) to decrease from that of the wild type, while the intensity of the bands corresponding to @entity36904 (primary molecular form in heart) remains constant. It is concluded that the mutation affects the locus coding for LDH of the muscle type. Ldh-1c is proposed as the allele symbol.

title: A mutation affecting the XXXX dehydrogenase locus @entity73028 in the @entity19 -I. Genetical and electrophoretical characterization.

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: (101/El x C3H/el)F1 male @entity19 were infected intraperitoneally with the mutagen @entity4174 and immediately caged with untreated test-stock females. Crude liver extracts from the offspring were subjected to @entity2975 gel isoelectric focusing, and the gels were stained for six enzymes. In the experimental group (mutagen treated spermatogonial germ-cell stage), a dominant inherited banding alteration of the @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) pattern was detected. By crossing the heterozygous mutants, homozygotes were obtained that showed much less gel staining intensity. The mutation is codominantly expressed with 100% penetrance. The banding alteration was also observed in muscle, kidney, heart, blood, brain, testis, spleen, and lung. @entity2975 gel electrophoresis was performed with all the tissues examined. The mutation causes the intensity of the band corresponding to @entity73028 (primary molecular form in muscle) to decrease from that of the wild type, while the intensity of the bands corresponding to @entity36904 (primary molecular form in heart) remains constant. It is concluded that the mutation affects the locus coding for LDH of the muscle type. Ldh-1c is proposed as the allele symbol.

title: A mutation affecting the @entity880 dehydrogenase locus @entity73028 in the XXXX -I. Genetical and electrophoretical characterization.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: To study the relationship between cervical lengths measured by ultrasound and risk of @entity3152 . MATERIAL _ METHODS: We examined 209 @entity1 with singleton pregnancies. The inclusion criteria were @entity1 who presented with regular and painful @entity2472 (>= 2 @entity2472 at intervals of 10 min for at least 1 h). Transvaginal scan was performed to measure the cervical length. The clinical management of the @entity1 , including hospitalization and administration of tocolytics, was determined by the attending obstetricians, who were blinded about cervical length. The primary outcome was delivery within 7 days of presentation. RESULTS: Delivery within 7 days of presentation occurred in 19/209 (9%) of pregnancies who were presenting with regular and painful uterine contraction at 31 weeks of gestation, and this was inversely related to cervical length. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that cervical length and history of abortion remain as significant contributors to predicting delivery within 7 days. Of the @entity1 who presented with threatened @entity3152 , 117 (56%) received tocolytics, and 92 (44%) did not. In the group with a cervical length of <15 mm, delivery within 7 days occurred in 15/21 (71.4%) who were treated with tocolytics and 2/5 (40%) that were managed expectantly. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with threatened @entity3152 and a cervical length of <15 mm at presentation are at high risk of delivering preterm within 7 days. Sonographic measurement of cervical length helps to avoid over-diagnosis of @entity3152 .

title: Sonographic measurement of cervical length and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contractions']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: One may consider that the @entity1 with @entity1276 complicating a primary @entity1313 has two distinctly different diseases: 1) a @entity5 , and 2) @entity1276 . The @entity1276 may be obstructive, communicating, or (in the case of @entity2846 ) hypersecretory. This paper presents the incidence, symptomatology, and management of @entity1276 associated with @entity1313 in 156 @entity1 and with @entity979 in 21 @entity1 , all treated by the first author during the period 1967 to 1979. @entity2946 was the most commonly encountered @entity5 . Of 117 @entity1 with cerebellar-fourth @entity5 , 110 had @entity1276 , whereas 11 of 34 with @entity3308 and all 21 with @entity979 presented with @entity1276 . Of the total 143 @entity1 with @entity1276 , shunts were inserted before craniotomy in 123, with the interval between shunt insertion and craniotomy for @entity5 removal ranging from 1 to 21 days. Eighteen of these @entity1 required shunt revisions after craniotomy; 36 of 80 @entity1 followed for 6 months or more had their shunts permanently removed, but it was necessary to reinsert the shunt from 5 days to 13 months later in 30% of these @entity1 . Only 25 @entity1 remained permanently shunt-free. It is considered that the placement of shunts before craniotomy is justified by the extraordinarily high incidence of @entity1829 and @entity227 associated with @entity1276 . " @entity3976 " and dissemination of neoplastic cells through the shunting system are theoretical contraindications to precraniotomy shunt insertion, although the former is rare (3%), and there is no statistical evidence to support the latter.

title: XXXX and @entity5 . Incidence, clinical picture, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brain-stem tumors']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['Upward herniation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'infratentorial brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ventricle tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papilloma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['Medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['Hydrocephalus']