abstract: Assessment of the lesion in the brain stem by evoked potentials has not been well established. We have already developed a model of brain stem @entity63 by occluding the perforators of the posterior cerebral arteries of the @entity235 . The ischemic lesions locates mainly in the ventral side of the midbrain. Using this model, we assessed brain stem function by brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), surface- and depth-recorded (in medial lemniscus) short latency somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP), blink reflex (BR) and electroencephalography (EEG), and investigated the correlation between the electrophysiological abnormalities and the lesion in the brain stem. The studies were performed for 6 hours after perforator occlusion. Furthermore, depth-recorded SSEP and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured under induced @entity551 by @entity551 . BAEP did not change in 13 of 16 animals. Surface-recorded SSEP remained unchanged in all 6 animals. The results are probably due to the fact that the lesion does not involve the auditory and somatosensory pathways and the accompanying events such as @entity4 does not affect the both pathways. Depth-recorded SSEP remained unchanged after occlusion and did not disappear even when rCBF fell below 10 ml/100 g/min. It may be suggested that the threshold for electrical failure in the brain stem is much lower than that in the cortex. In BR, R1 did not change but ipsilateral R2 became nearly invisible immediately after perforator occlusion in all animals. The fact that the @entity2806 did not involve the pons and disturbed reticular formation in the midbrain may probably account for the remaining of R1 and the disappearance of ipsilateral R2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Experimental study of brain stem infarction in XXXX --effect on BAEP, SSEP, blink reflex and EEG of perforator occlusion].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'withdrawal of arterial blood']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity298 is a major source of morbidity for CAPD @entity1 . The "Y" set, which incorporates a "flush before fill" concept, would theoretically decrease @entity298 rates. During Period I 16 new @entity1 began CAPD using the standard spike procedure (Group I). During @entity827 @entity1 began CAPD using the Y set (Group II). @entity298 episodes and concomitant exit site infections (ESI) were noted. Time to the first episode of @entity298 (EOP) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots; each group was followed for 15 months. In Group I there were 25 EOP in 145.6 @entity1 -months, with three EOP associated with ESI. In Group II there were 3 EOP in 92.77 @entity1 -months and 2 EOP associated with ESI. When the total EOP were considered there was 1 EOP every 5.82 @entity1 -months (Group I) versus 1 EOP every 30.9 @entity1 -months (Group II) (P = 0.0015). When EOP associated with ESI were excluded, @entity298 rates were 1 EOP every 6.61 @entity1 -months (Group I) versus 1 EOP every 92.77 @entity1 -months (Group II) (P = 0.0003). Difference in estimated time to first EOP using Kaplan-Meier plots was also statistically significant for Group II versus Group I (P = 0.0246). The Y set resulted in a statistically significant @entity298 .

title: XXXX rates using standard spike versus Y sets in CAPD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritonitis', 'reduction in peritonitis rates', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Comparison of peritonitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy (DC) is associated with increased morbidity, but the reported mortality rate is low. Recently, some authors have reported a rare unexplained complication of @entity944 in association with massive @entity2657 immediately after cranioplasty. The author reports on 4 @entity1 who underwent cranioplasty after DC between January 2005 and August 2010 at his department and died because of massive @entity2657 immediately after uneventful surgery and anesthesia. All 4 of the new cases reported involved young male @entity1 who underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy after @entity131 . They developed massive @entity4 immediately after uneventful cranioplasty (3 @entity1 ) or after removal of an @entity4282 several hours after surgery (1 @entity1 ). All 4 @entity1 had a large skull defect and significantly sunken craniotomy site, and all were treated with a closed vacuum suction system that was placed under the scalp and kept open at the end of the cranioplasty procedure. After surgery, the @entity1 ' pupils became fixed and dilated, and brain CT scans showed massive @entity2657 . Despite emergency DC, the @entity1 did not recover, and all 4 died. A MEDLINE search showed 8 similar cases that were reported previously. Fatal @entity4 after uneventful cranioplasty is a distinct clinical entity, although it is unpredictable. It is postulated that a negative pressure difference from the elimination of atmospheric pressure that had been chronically applied on the injured sinking brain in combination with the negative pressure applied by the closed subgaleal suction drain may lead to a massive brain shift toward the cranioplasty site and initiate a fatal vasomotor reaction.

title: Massive XXXX immediately after cranioplasty, a fatal and unpredictable complication: report of 4 cases.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral swelling']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['cerebral swelling']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a therapeutic option for repeatedly hemorrhagic cavernous @entity600 (CMs) located in areas deemed to be high risk for resection. During the latency period of 2 or more years after SRS, recurrent @entity548 remains a persistent risk until the obliterative process has finished. The pathological response to SRS has been studied in relatively few @entity1 . The authors of the present study aimed to gain insight into the effect of SRS on CM and to propose possible mechanisms leading to recurrent @entity548 following SRS. METHODS During a 13-year interval between 2001 and 2013, @entity548 recurred in 9 @entity1 with CMs that had been treated using Gamma Knife surgery at the authors' institution. Microsurgical removal was subsequently performed in 5 of these @entity1 , who had recurrent @entity548 between 4 months and 7 years after SRS. Specimens from 4 @entity1 were available for analysis and used for this report. RESULTS Histopathological analysis demonstrated that @entity455 develops as early as 4 months after SRS. In the samples from 2 to 7 years after SRS, @entity3808 vessels were prominent, but there were also vessels with @entity1463 as well as some foci of @entity2295 . CONCLUSIONS Recurrent @entity548 after SRS for CM could be related to @entity1463 of the vessels, but @entity2295 may also play a role.

title: Pathological response of cavernous XXXX following radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete sclerosis']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Affordable Care Act proposes wider use of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs), but little is known about outcomes of care provided by them in medical specialties. We compared the outcomes of care for @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) seen in practices with NPs or PAs and rheumatologists versus practices with rheumatologists only. METHODS: We enrolled seven rheumatology practices in the US - four with NPs or PAs and three without. Disease activity of @entity309 , categorized as remission, low, moderate, or high, using standardized measures were abstracted from medical records from the most recent two years. We performed a repeated measures analysis using generalized linear regression to compare disease activity for visits to practices with NPs or PAs versus rheumatologist only, adjusting for disease duration, serologic status, @entity309 treatments and disease activity measures. RESULTS: Records from 301 @entity1 , including 1982 visits were reviewed. @entity1 had a mean age of 61 years and 77% were female. In the primary adjusted analysis, @entity1 seen in practices with NPs or PAs were less likely to have higher disease activity (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.60, p = 0.004) than those seen in practices with rheumatologists only. However, there were no differences in the change in disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 seen in practices with NPs or PAs had lower @entity309 disease activity over 2-years compared with those seen in rheumatologist only practices; no differences were observed in the change in disease activity between visits either within or between type of provider practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A comparison of care provided in practices with nurse practitioners and physicians assistants versus sub-specialist physicians only: A cohort study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitotic spindles are primarily composed of microtubules (MTs), generated by polymerization of a- and b- @entity44073 hetero-dimers [1, 2]. Tubulins undergo a series of protein folding and post-translational modifications in order to fulfill their functions [3, 4]. Defects in @entity44073 polymerization dramatically affect spindle formation and disrupt chromosome segregation. We recently described a role for the product of the conserved @entity71158 (mst) gene in regulating mitotic MT generation in flies [5], but the molecular function of Mst remains unknown. Here, we use affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to identify interacting partners of Mst in the @entity238 embryo. We demonstrate that Mst associates stoichiometrically with the hetero-octameric @entity59867 ( @entity59867 ) complex, with the hetero-hexameric @entity44073 Prefoldin complex, and with proteins having conserved roles in generating MT-competent @entity44073 . We show that RNAi-mediated in  vivo depletion of any @entity59867 subunit phenocopies the effects of mutations in mst or the Prefoldin-encoding gene merry-go-round (mgr), leading to monopolar and disorganized mitotic spindles containing few MTs. Crucially, we demonstrate that Mst, but not Mgr, is required for @entity59867 complex stability and that both the efficiency of @entity44073 polymerization and @entity44073 stability are drastically compromised in mst mutants. Moreover, our structural bioinformatic analyses indicate that Mst resembles the three-dimensional structure of @entity44073 monomers and might therefore occupy the @entity59867 complex central cavity. Collectively, our results suggest that Mst acts as a co-factor of the @entity59867 complex, playing an essential role in the @entity44073 -folding processes required for proper assembly of spindle MTs.

title: @entity71158 Controls Mitotic Microtubule Generation by Stabilizing the XXXX Complex.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity59867 :: (42649(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Tubulin Chaperone Protein-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitotic spindles are primarily composed of microtubules (MTs), generated by polymerization of a- and b- @entity44073 hetero-dimers [1, 2]. Tubulins undergo a series of protein folding and post-translational modifications in order to fulfill their functions [3, 4]. Defects in @entity44073 polymerization dramatically affect spindle formation and disrupt chromosome segregation. We recently described a role for the product of the conserved @entity71158 (mst) gene in regulating mitotic MT generation in flies [5], but the molecular function of Mst remains unknown. Here, we use affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to identify interacting partners of Mst in the @entity238 embryo. We demonstrate that Mst associates stoichiometrically with the hetero-octameric @entity59867 ( @entity59867 ) complex, with the hetero-hexameric @entity44073 Prefoldin complex, and with proteins having conserved roles in generating MT-competent @entity44073 . We show that RNAi-mediated in  vivo depletion of any @entity59867 subunit phenocopies the effects of mutations in mst or the Prefoldin-encoding gene merry-go-round (mgr), leading to monopolar and disorganized mitotic spindles containing few MTs. Crucially, we demonstrate that Mst, but not Mgr, is required for @entity59867 complex stability and that both the efficiency of @entity44073 polymerization and @entity44073 stability are drastically compromised in mst mutants. Moreover, our structural bioinformatic analyses indicate that Mst resembles the three-dimensional structure of @entity44073 monomers and might therefore occupy the @entity59867 complex central cavity. Collectively, our results suggest that Mst acts as a co-factor of the @entity59867 complex, playing an essential role in the @entity44073 -folding processes required for proper assembly of spindle MTs.

title: XXXX Controls Mitotic Microtubule Generation by Stabilizing the @entity59867 Complex.

answer: @entity71158 :: (33119(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Misato']


abstract: Reactive axonal changes following fluid-percussion @entity1545 were studied in the highly organized afferent pathways of the cat visual system. The visual system offers several features advantageous to the study of @entity131 . Specifically, as the retinal cells of origin of the optic nerve and tract are isolated from the employed fluid-percussion injury, concomitant traumatically induced somatic change is not a confounding variable. Additionally, the existence of axons of varying diameters and topographic localization within the visual pathways allows the relationship between both fiber size and distribution and their predilection for traumatically induced change to be considered. Since the visual pathway is a highly organized sensory pathway, data obtained in this system can be compared with similar studies previously conducted in motor systems. In these experiments, 20 adult @entity468 were subjected to @entity1545 and killed at posttraumatic survival periods ranging from 2 to 60 days. Six @entity468 received intravitreous injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to aid in the recognition of axonal change. At the designated survival time, all animals were perfused with @entity3125 . The visual system from optic chiasm to lateral geniculate was sectioned and prepared for routine light (LM) and electron microscopic (TEM) study. Animals injected with HRP were processed for the LM and TEM visualization of HRP reaction products. By the second posttraumatic day, reactive axonal swellings were observed in the optic tracts as they entered the medial intralaminar nuclei of the lateral geniculate bodies. Proximal segments of the reactive axons showed enlargement and lobulation, whereas the distal segments underwent @entity6441 . Over a 2 week posttraumatic course, some @entity4 persisted unchanged, some degenerated, and others initiated regenerative sprouting. with continued survival, however, all the reactive swellings manifested only progressive @entity179 . These reactive axonal changes appeared to constitute a primary response to the traumatic episode and occurred without concomitant damage to either the related brain parenchyma or its intrinsic vasculature. Although these findings replicate many of those previously described in motor pathways, new conceptual information has been provided. These studies preclude concomitant somal damage as a confounding variable and suggest that large-caliber axons are susceptible to the shear and tensile forces of @entity131 .

title: The effect of XXXX : a morphologic characterization of reactive axonal change.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axonal swelling']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative change']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['wallerian degeneration']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury on the visual system']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate adherence and persistence with etanercept plus @entity1499 (ETN- @entity6822 ) combination therapy and @entity6822 , @entity6383 , and @entity3378 triple therapy at 1 year following treatment initiation in adults with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: This retrospective analysis used data from the Truven Health MarketScan   Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases from January 2009 to July 2013. Adherence was defined as having Percentage of Days Covered   >   80% for all drugs within each regimen. Persistence was defined as no   >   45-day treatment gap with any drug and no addition or switch to other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Multiple logistic regression models were employed in the analyses to control for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 3,724 ETN- @entity6822 @entity1 and 818 triple therapy @entity1 were eligible. At 1 year, 27.9% on ETN- @entity6822 and 18.2% on triple therapy were adherent to all agents in their regimen (P   <   0.0001) and 29.4% on ETN- @entity6822 and 23.2% on triple therapy were persistent (P   <   0.001). After adjusting for confounders, ETN- @entity6822 @entity1 had significantly greater odds of being adherent (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47, 2.17) and persistent (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.20, 1.72) compared with @entity1 on triple therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity309 initiating treatment with ETN- @entity6822 combination therapy demonstrated greater adherence and persistence at 1 year than @entity1 initiating triple therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Etanercept- XXXX combination therapy initiators have greater adherence and persistence than triple therapy initiators with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate adherence and persistence with etanercept plus @entity1499 (ETN- @entity6822 ) combination therapy and @entity6822 , @entity6383 , and @entity3378 triple therapy at 1 year following treatment initiation in adults with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: This retrospective analysis used data from the Truven Health MarketScan   Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases from January 2009 to July 2013. Adherence was defined as having Percentage of Days Covered   >   80% for all drugs within each regimen. Persistence was defined as no   >   45-day treatment gap with any drug and no addition or switch to other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Multiple logistic regression models were employed in the analyses to control for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 3,724 ETN- @entity6822 @entity1 and 818 triple therapy @entity1 were eligible. At 1 year, 27.9% on ETN- @entity6822 and 18.2% on triple therapy were adherent to all agents in their regimen (P   <   0.0001) and 29.4% on ETN- @entity6822 and 23.2% on triple therapy were persistent (P   <   0.001). After adjusting for confounders, ETN- @entity6822 @entity1 had significantly greater odds of being adherent (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47, 2.17) and persistent (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.20, 1.72) compared with @entity1 on triple therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity309 initiating treatment with ETN- @entity6822 combination therapy demonstrated greater adherence and persistence at 1 year than @entity1 initiating triple therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Etanercept- @entity1499 combination therapy initiators have greater adherence and persistence than triple therapy initiators with XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 of epithelial origin are rare lesions. Few epidemiologic studies on prevalence of such condition in Iranian population have been published. This study with the aim of determining the relative frequency of epithelial salivary @entity5 was performed in Yazd city from 2001 to 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases diagnosed as primary @entity189 were collected from the Pathology Department of main hospitals and Health Department of Medical Science Yazd University from 2001-2012. Histopathologic type, @entity5 location, age, gender and whether @entity1 were native or non-native were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-one cases of primary @entity189 were recorded. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3. The most common @entity5 was @entity2347 (35.8%) and the most common effected site was the parotid gland. Mean age for @entity5 was 52.57    18.25 years. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, predilection of @entity2347 was more in non-natives as compared to natives (from Yazd). This could suggest the influence of racial and environmental factors on prevalence of such @entity5 .

title: Primary XXXX in an Iranian population: A retrospective study of 81 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Salivary gland tumors', 'malignancies', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epithelial salivary gland tumor', 'malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone and in combination with autologous platelet rich fibrin membrane (PRF) in Miller's class I and II @entity1464 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty isolated Miller class I or II sites in 26 subjects were randomly divided into test (15 sites- CAF+PRF) and control (15 sites- CAF alone). Parameters @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ), @entity92 ( @entity92 ), @entity922 ( @entity922 ), Keratinised tissue width (KTW) and Gingival tissue thickness (GTH) were evaluated at baseline, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Data was subjected to statistical analysis. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Mean percentage root coverage was 91.00  19.98% and 86.60  23.83% for test and control group respectively. Difference between the groups in all parameters at baseline, 3 months and 6 months was non significant. Complete root coverage was obtained in 12 (80%) and 11 (73.3%) subjects in test and control group respectively. The difference was found to be non-significant. Both groups showed significant differences in all parameters at 3 and 6 months respectively except difference in gingival tissue thickness which was non-significant in control group at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Combination of PRF to CAF procedure did not provide any added advantage in term of recession coverage in Miller class I and II recessions. Long term trials with more sample size are needed to validate these findings.

title: Clinical evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of coronally advanced flap alone and in combination with platelet rich fibrin membrane in the treatment of Miller Class I and II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recessions']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'probing pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Recession depth', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CAL', 'Clinical attachment loss']

answer: @entity1464 :: (MESH:D005889,Disease) :: ['gingival recessions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thyroid scintigraphy plays an important role in the anatomical and functional evaluation of thyroid nodules which carry the risk of @entity5 . The presence of multiple nodules carries overall smaller risk of @entity5 than solitary nodule. Missing nodules, whether solitary or multiple, may mean delaying detection of possible @entity5 . Therefore, it is important to improve the delectability of thyroid scintigraphy using most optimal imaging techniques. For pinhole thyroid imaging, there is a recent trend to omit oblique projections by some laboratories. The objective of this study was to reevaluate the impact of oblique projections in the detection of thyroid nodules. A total of 92 cases with nodular @entity1374 on routine pinhole thyroid scintigraphy was reviewed retrospectively. Two nuclear medicine physicians recorded the number of nodules based on the anterior view only and another time with adding the oblique views. A total of 192 nodules was detected using the three views. Sixty nodules (31%) were only seen on the oblique views and were missed on the anterior projections. Oblique pinhole projections are mandatory for adequate thyroid scintigraphy since 31% of nodules are missed if only anterior projection was used for interpretation. Following proper techniques will avoid missing of detection of nodule that may harbor @entity5 .

title: Value of Oblique View in Nodular XXXX ; Revisiting Fundamentals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to compare the cost-utility of the first available single-pill triple combination antihypertensive therapy containing @entity917 (V), @entity3591 (A) and @entity918 (H), with each of the same components dual combinations in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity101 . A Markov model with eight health states was constructed. The short-term effect of antihypertensive treatment on blood pressure was extrapolated through the Hellenic SCORE and Framingham risk equations, estimating the long-term survival and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) saved. Costs and outcomes were evaluated over lifetime, divided into annual cycles and discounted at 3.0  % with 2013 as reference year. The analysis was conducted by the Greek third-party-payer perspective. The triple combination treatment cost was estimated at    16,525 compared to    15,480 for V/A,    14,125 for V/H and    11,690 for A/H. The QALYs saved with the triple combination were 12.76 vs. 12.64, 12.61 and 12.38 for double combinations respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the triple combination versus V/A and A/H was far lower than the Greek @entity3006 per capita (   8,690/QALY and    12,695/QALY, respectively) and really close for V/H (   16,192/QALY), suggesting V/A/H combination to be cost-effective. Extensive sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. The probability that the triple combination is cost effective was more than 90  % at a willingness-to-pay threshold of    18,000/QALY. This is the first study to evaluate the cost-utility of a single-pill triple combination. The single-pill V/A/H therapy is a cost-effective antihypertensive choice for the treatment of moderate to severe @entity101 , compared to its dual components.

title: Economic evaluation of a single-pill triple antihypertensive therapy with XXXX , @entity3591 , and @entity918 against its dual components.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

answer: @entity917 :: (MESH:C081489,Chemical) :: ['valsartan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to compare the cost-utility of the first available single-pill triple combination antihypertensive therapy containing @entity917 (V), @entity3591 (A) and @entity918 (H), with each of the same components dual combinations in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity101 . A Markov model with eight health states was constructed. The short-term effect of antihypertensive treatment on blood pressure was extrapolated through the Hellenic SCORE and Framingham risk equations, estimating the long-term survival and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) saved. Costs and outcomes were evaluated over lifetime, divided into annual cycles and discounted at 3.0  % with 2013 as reference year. The analysis was conducted by the Greek third-party-payer perspective. The triple combination treatment cost was estimated at    16,525 compared to    15,480 for V/A,    14,125 for V/H and    11,690 for A/H. The QALYs saved with the triple combination were 12.76 vs. 12.64, 12.61 and 12.38 for double combinations respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the triple combination versus V/A and A/H was far lower than the Greek @entity3006 per capita (   8,690/QALY and    12,695/QALY, respectively) and really close for V/H (   16,192/QALY), suggesting V/A/H combination to be cost-effective. Extensive sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. The probability that the triple combination is cost effective was more than 90  % at a willingness-to-pay threshold of    18,000/QALY. This is the first study to evaluate the cost-utility of a single-pill triple combination. The single-pill V/A/H therapy is a cost-effective antihypertensive choice for the treatment of moderate to severe @entity101 , compared to its dual components.

title: Economic evaluation of a single-pill triple antihypertensive therapy with @entity917 , @entity3591 , and XXXX against its dual components.

answer: @entity918 :: (MESH:D006852,Chemical) :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to compare the cost-utility of the first available single-pill triple combination antihypertensive therapy containing @entity917 (V), @entity3591 (A) and @entity918 (H), with each of the same components dual combinations in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity101 . A Markov model with eight health states was constructed. The short-term effect of antihypertensive treatment on blood pressure was extrapolated through the Hellenic SCORE and Framingham risk equations, estimating the long-term survival and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) saved. Costs and outcomes were evaluated over lifetime, divided into annual cycles and discounted at 3.0  % with 2013 as reference year. The analysis was conducted by the Greek third-party-payer perspective. The triple combination treatment cost was estimated at    16,525 compared to    15,480 for V/A,    14,125 for V/H and    11,690 for A/H. The QALYs saved with the triple combination were 12.76 vs. 12.64, 12.61 and 12.38 for double combinations respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the triple combination versus V/A and A/H was far lower than the Greek @entity3006 per capita (   8,690/QALY and    12,695/QALY, respectively) and really close for V/H (   16,192/QALY), suggesting V/A/H combination to be cost-effective. Extensive sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. The probability that the triple combination is cost effective was more than 90  % at a willingness-to-pay threshold of    18,000/QALY. This is the first study to evaluate the cost-utility of a single-pill triple combination. The single-pill V/A/H therapy is a cost-effective antihypertensive choice for the treatment of moderate to severe @entity101 , compared to its dual components.

title: Economic evaluation of a single-pill triple antihypertensive therapy with @entity917 , XXXX , and @entity918 against its dual components.

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate preventive effects of high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWHA) on the joint capsule of immobilized knees in @entity35 . Materials and Methods: Unilateral knee joints of @entity35 were immobilized with an internal fixator. Either 50  l of HMWHA (Im-HA group) or 50  l of saline (control group) was administered intra-articularly once a week after surgery. Sagittal sections were prepared from the medial midcondylar region of the knee joints and assessed by histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical methods. Gene expressions related to @entity32 , fibrotic conditions, and @entity519 were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Tissue elasticity of the capsule from both groups was examined using a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). RESULTS: @entity22519 positive cells decreased in adhesion areas of the synovial membrane after 1 week in both groups. The length of the superficial layer in the synovial membrane of the Im-HA group was significantly longer than those in the control group over a period of 4 to 8 weeks with significantly small numbers of @entity22519 positive cells. The gene expressions of @entity568 , @entity3426 , @entity1810 , @entity2528 , @entity25256 , @entity26841 , @entity12912 , and @entity16705 were significantly lower in the Im-HA group compared to those in the control group. The sound speed of the anterior and posterior synovial membrane increased significantly (a reduction in elasticity) in the control group compared to those in the Im-HA group during weeks 1 to 4. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that HMWHA injections suppressed inflammatory, fibrotic, and @entity519 conditions observed in the immobilized joint capsule.

title: Preventing effects of joint contracture by high molecular weight hyaluronan injections in a XXXX immobilized knee model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective comparative study. PURPOSE: To provide an ideal correction angle of @entity1515 ( @entity1515 ) in @entity85 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The degree of correction in @entity179 in relation to pelvic incidence (PI) remains controversial. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity85 who underwent corrective surgery were enrolled. Posterior-anterior-posterior sequential operation was performed. Mean age and mean follow-up period was 65.6 years and 24.2 months, respectively. We divided the @entity1 into two groups based on immediate postoperative @entity17590   <= @entity1515 <PI+9  ) and under-correction (UC) group ( @entity1515 <PI-9  ). We also classified the @entity1 according to the PI of each @entity1 -low PI group (PI<55  ) and high PI group (PI>= 55  ). Radiological and clinical results were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1 in @entity17590 had significantly less correction loss and maintained normal sagittal alignment (sagittal vertical axis<5 cm), as compared to @entity1 in UC group (p<0.05). @entity1515 of low PI group significantly maintained within 9   better than high PI group (p<0.05). @entity717 index (ODI) significantly decreased at last follow-up, as compared to preoperative state. However, there was no significant difference in last follow-up ODI between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity85 , correction of @entity1515 to within 9   of PI will result in better sagittal balance. Thus, we recommend sufficient @entity1515 to prevent correction loss, especially in @entity1 with high PI.

title: Restoration of Lumbar XXXX in Flat Back Deformity: Optimal Degree of Correction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17590 :: ('5272', 'Gene') :: ['OC group', 'radiographs-optimal correction (OC) group (PI-9']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis', 'LL']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative flat back']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative flat back deformity', 'flat back deformity']

answer: @entity1515 :: (MESH:D008141,Disease) :: ['Lordosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study designed and conducted over 10 years from 2002 to 2012. PURPOSE: The study aimed to monitor the effect of suction drains (SD) on the incidence of @entity82 ( @entity82 ) and to test, if the use of SD alone, SD with local @entity230 application, SD combined with fat grafts and local @entity230 application, or SD combined with fat grafts and without local @entity230 application, would improve outcome. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: @entity82 contributes to significant @entity11252 . Efforts have been tried to reduce postoperative @entity82 , but none were ideal. METHODS: Between September 2002 and 2012, 290 @entity1 with symptomatic unilateral or bilateral, single-level lumbar disc herniation were included in the study. Two groups were included, with 165 @entity1 in group I (intervention group) and 125 @entity1 in group II (control group). Group I was subdivided into four subgroups: group Ia (SD alone), group Ib (SD+fat graft), group Ic (SD+local @entity230 ), and group Id (SD+fat graft+local @entity230 ). RESULTS: The use of SD alone or combined with only fat grafts, fats grafts and local @entity230 application, or only local @entity230 application significantly improved @entity1 outcome and significantly reduced @entity82 as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CONCLUSIONS: This study has clearly demonstrated the fact that the use of suction drainage alone or combined with only fat grafts, fats grafts and local @entity230 application, or only local @entity230 application significantly improved @entity1 outcome with respect to @entity158 relief and functional outcome and significantly reduced @entity82 as measured by an MRI. A simple grading system of @entity82 on MRI was described.

title: XXXX after Lumbar Disc Surgery: Prevention and Outcome Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['EF', 'epidural fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['unsatisfactory failed-back syndrome']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Epidural Fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 300IR (index of reactivity) 5-grass pollen tablet has favorable short-term and sustained clinical efficacy in @entity1 with grass pollen-induced @entity56 ( @entity56 ). Here, we report maintenance of efficacy and safety over 2  years following treatment discontinuation. METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter Phase 3 trial in @entity1 aged 18-50 years with @entity56 . During study years 1-3, @entity1 received a daily sublingual tablet containing either 300IR 5-grass pollen extract or placebo, according to a discontinuous pre- and coseasonal protocol. Study years 4 and 5 were treatment-free. In response to health authorities' recommendations, the @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) was assessed in a post-hoc analysis as the efficacy endpoint. Components of the @entity2794 were daily @entity7370 total symptom score (DRTSS) and daily rescue medication score (DRMS). RESULTS: 633 @entity1 with @entity56 were randomized to placebo (n   =   219) or 300IR 5-grass pollen tablet, beginning 4  months (4  M, n   =   207) or 2  months (2  M, n   =   207) prior to the estimated start of the grass pollen season and continuing until season's end. During the first post-treatment year, a statistically significant difference versus placebo in least squares (LS) mean @entity2794 was noted in @entity1 previously receiving active treatment (300IR (2  M) point estimate: -0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI95%): [-0.26, -0.06], p   =   0.0019; -31.1%; 300IR (4  M) point estimate: -0.13, CI95%: [-0.23, -0.03], p   =   0.0103, -25.3%). During the second post-treatment year, @entity1 in the 300IR (4  M) group, but not the 300IR (2  M) group, showed a statistically significant difference in LS mean @entity2794 versus placebo (point estimate: -0.11, CI95%: [-0.21; 0.00], p   =   0.0478, -28.1%). This significant efficacy seen during the post-treatment years in @entity1 previously treated with 5-grass pollen tablet compared favorably with that during the 3 prior years of active treatment. A statistically significant difference versus placebo was also noted in secondary efficacy measures in both post-treatment years (except for DRTSS in year 5). In the absence of any active treatment, the safety profile was similar in the active groups versus placebo group during either post-treatment year. CONCLUSIONS: In adults with grass pollen-associated @entity56 , 5-grass pollen tablet therapy beginning 4  months before the pollen season and continuing to season's end demonstrated efficacy across all variables during active treatment, and this effect was prolonged for up to 2  years post-treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00418379.

title: Prolonged efficacy of the 300IR 5-grass pollen tablet up to 2  years after treatment cessation, as measured by a recommended XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis', 'ARC']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['DCS', 'daily combined score']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['daily combined score']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myofibroblasts, the major effector cells in pathologic @entity82 , derive from the differentiation of fibroblasts driven by mediators such as @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and biomechanical signals. Although the myofibroblast has traditionally been considered a terminally differentiated cell, the lipid mediator @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) has been shown to not only prevent but also reverse myofibroblast differentiation, as characterized by the ability of @entity1421 to diminish expression of collagen I and a-smooth muscle actin in established myofibroblasts. Here, we use microarrays to examine the extent of transcriptomic changes that occur during @entity2533 -induced differentiation and @entity1421 -induced dedifferentiation of myofibroblasts. Normal primary @entity1 adult lung fibroblasts were cultured for 24 hours with or without @entity2533 and treated for 48 hours with @entity1421 . Gene expression levels were assessed from total RNA on the Affymetrix U219 microarray. @entity2533 up-regulated 588 genes and down-regulated 689 genes compared with control cells. @entity1421 reversed the expression of 363 (62%) of the @entity2533 -up-regulated genes and 345 (50%) of the @entity2533 -down-regulated genes. Genes up-regulated by @entity2533 and reversed by @entity1421 were enriched in annotations for Cell Adhesion, Contractile Fiber, and Actin Binding, whereas genes down-regulated by @entity2533 but subsequently reversed by @entity1421 were enriched in annotations for Glycoprotein, Polysaccharide Binding, and Regulation of Cell Migration. Surprisingly, the genes whose expression was affected by @entity1421 differed between @entity2533 -induced myofibroblasts and undifferentiated fibroblasts. These data demonstrate the capacity of @entity1421 to effect marked global alterations in the transcriptomic program of differentiated myofibroblasts and emphasize the considerable plasticity of these cells.

title: Reversal of the Transcriptome by XXXX during Myofibroblast Dedifferentiation.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin E2']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with clinical @entity4134 were studied. Diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopy. To determine the microbiological etiology, swab specimen for detection of aerobic, anaerobic and chlamydial infections were obtained from the endocervix, fimbriae and cul-de-sac. In 22 of 30 @entity1 , microorganisms were detected. The @entity1 received @entity2177 2 X 750 mg p.o. daily at 12 hours interval for 10 days. During and after therapy, bacteriological examinations of the endocervix were performed. Based on the microbiological evaluation and clinical aspects, the bacteriological response and clinical efficacy were 86%. Laboratory analysis showed no alterations of blood values. As side effects we noticed @entity344 (6/30), @entity7553 vulvovaginalis (6/30), @entity56 (5/30) and non-bacterial @entity2335 (2/30). Oral @entity2177 -monotherapy proved to be safe and effective in @entity4134 .

title: [Oral XXXX therapy in salpingitis].

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic exanthema']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: We have studied the effects of @entity619 , a @entity228 commonly used to treat @entity1313 , on vascular volume and tissue hematocrit in RG-2 experimental @entity35 @entity11 . 125I-RISA (radioiodinated serum albumin) was used to measure tissue plasma vascular volume (Vp) and 51Cr labeled red cells were used to measure tissue red cell volume (Vrbc). Quantitative autoradiography was used to obtain local measurements of Vp and Vrbc in different brain and @entity5 regions. From these experimentally measured values, we calculated the tissue vascular volume (Vv), tissue hematocrit (THct) and systemic arterial hematocrit (AHct). The value reported primarily reflect capillary and small vessel volumes since blood drained from larger vessels during tissue processing and large vascular structures were avoided during analysis of the autoradiographic images. A total of 110 @entity5 were studied in 29 animals. There was a consistent trend for Vp and Vv to be reduced in all @entity5 regions after @entity619 treatment, although a significant decrease was seen only in @entity5 center. @entity619 did not affect Vp or Vv in @entity5 -free brain regions. @entity619 appeared to have little effect on Vrbc in any brain or @entity5 region. THct was consistently, although not significantly, higher in @entity5 after treatment with @entity619 ; THct in @entity5 -free brain regions was unaffected by @entity619 treatment.

title: XXXX effects on vascular volume and tissue hematocrit in experimental RG-2 @entity11 and adjacent brain.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: We have studied the effects of @entity619 , a @entity228 commonly used to treat @entity1313 , on vascular volume and tissue hematocrit in RG-2 experimental @entity35 @entity11 . 125I-RISA (radioiodinated serum albumin) was used to measure tissue plasma vascular volume (Vp) and 51Cr labeled red cells were used to measure tissue red cell volume (Vrbc). Quantitative autoradiography was used to obtain local measurements of Vp and Vrbc in different brain and @entity5 regions. From these experimentally measured values, we calculated the tissue vascular volume (Vv), tissue hematocrit (THct) and systemic arterial hematocrit (AHct). The value reported primarily reflect capillary and small vessel volumes since blood drained from larger vessels during tissue processing and large vascular structures were avoided during analysis of the autoradiographic images. A total of 110 @entity5 were studied in 29 animals. There was a consistent trend for Vp and Vv to be reduced in all @entity5 regions after @entity619 treatment, although a significant decrease was seen only in @entity5 center. @entity619 did not affect Vp or Vv in @entity5 -free brain regions. @entity619 appeared to have little effect on Vrbc in any brain or @entity5 region. THct was consistently, although not significantly, higher in @entity5 after treatment with @entity619 ; THct in @entity5 -free brain regions was unaffected by @entity619 treatment.

title: @entity619 effects on vascular volume and tissue hematocrit in experimental RG-2 XXXX and adjacent brain.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of MR imaging and the paramagnetic contrast agent @entity2287 - @entity12306 ( @entity7241 ) in the diagnosis of @entity4611 . 44 macroadenomas were examined with MRI before and after intravenous application of @entity7241 . @entity7241 produced excellent enhancement of solid @entity652 . The best contrast between @entity652 and surrounding structures could be gained on post-Gd T1-weighted images. Post-Gd images were equivalent to pre-Gd images in the evaluation of supra- and infrasellar extensions of macroadenomas. Post-Gd images had advantages in the evaluation of cavernous sinus invasion by @entity652 . The difference in degree of contrast enhancement between @entity652 and cavernous sinus facilitated the exact evaluation of lateral extension by @entity652 in 18 cases. Almost equal degree of enhancement of both structures @entity5 -sinus contrast in 2 cases. In the other 24 cases the @entity5 filled the cavernous sinus completely. It is our opinion that @entity7241 can be used on a widespread basis because of its excellent capability to highlight and delineate @entity977 .

title: The value of paramagnetic contrast agent @entity7241 in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'impaired tumor']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of MR imaging and the paramagnetic contrast agent @entity2287 - @entity12306 ( @entity7241 ) in the diagnosis of @entity4611 . 44 macroadenomas were examined with MRI before and after intravenous application of @entity7241 . @entity7241 produced excellent enhancement of solid @entity652 . The best contrast between @entity652 and surrounding structures could be gained on post-Gd T1-weighted images. Post-Gd images were equivalent to pre-Gd images in the evaluation of supra- and infrasellar extensions of macroadenomas. Post-Gd images had advantages in the evaluation of cavernous sinus invasion by @entity652 . The difference in degree of contrast enhancement between @entity652 and cavernous sinus facilitated the exact evaluation of lateral extension by @entity652 in 18 cases. Almost equal degree of enhancement of both structures @entity5 -sinus contrast in 2 cases. In the other 24 cases the @entity5 filled the cavernous sinus completely. It is our opinion that @entity7241 can be used on a widespread basis because of its excellent capability to highlight and delineate @entity977 .

title: The value of paramagnetic contrast agent XXXX in the diagnosis of @entity977 .

answer: @entity7241 :: (MESH:D019786,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']


abstract: The effects of @entity8685 (2.5-10.0 mg/kg IP) and @entity5633 (0.05-1.0 mg/kg SC) were compared by a "blind" observer using the shock-probe/burying test for anxiolytics. Both anxiolytic agents decreased @entity35 ' burying behavior toward the continuously electrified (2 mA) shock probe, and increased the number of probe-shocks @entity35 received. These bidirectional, anxiolytic drug effects occurred at doses that did not affect the @entity35 ' general activity, and these anxiolytic effects generally increased as a function of drug dose. The relative potency of @entity5633 was substantially greater than that of @entity8685 . These results contrast with those of Craft et al. and suggest that inappropriate methodology may have contributed to the inconsistencies in various results. In any case, under the present parameters, this "repeated shock"-probe test appears to have two advantages over the previous, "single shock" procedure. First, increases in probe-shocks and decreases in probe-burying provide two, concurrent measures of anxiolytic drug effects in the same setting. Second, nearly all subjects receive shock in the repeated shock procedure, compared to only 60-80% of subjects in the single shock procedure. Thus, both in terms of behavioral validity and simple economy, the repeated shock-probe procedure warrants further investigation as a selective test of anxiolytic agents.

title: A comparison of @entity5633 and XXXX in the shock-probe/burying test for anxiolytics.

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordiazepoxide']

answer: @entity8685 :: (MESH:D002707,Chemical) :: ['chlordiazepoxide']


abstract: The effects of @entity8685 (2.5-10.0 mg/kg IP) and @entity5633 (0.05-1.0 mg/kg SC) were compared by a "blind" observer using the shock-probe/burying test for anxiolytics. Both anxiolytic agents decreased @entity35 ' burying behavior toward the continuously electrified (2 mA) shock probe, and increased the number of probe-shocks @entity35 received. These bidirectional, anxiolytic drug effects occurred at doses that did not affect the @entity35 ' general activity, and these anxiolytic effects generally increased as a function of drug dose. The relative potency of @entity5633 was substantially greater than that of @entity8685 . These results contrast with those of Craft et al. and suggest that inappropriate methodology may have contributed to the inconsistencies in various results. In any case, under the present parameters, this "repeated shock"-probe test appears to have two advantages over the previous, "single shock" procedure. First, increases in probe-shocks and decreases in probe-burying provide two, concurrent measures of anxiolytic drug effects in the same setting. Second, nearly all subjects receive shock in the repeated shock procedure, compared to only 60-80% of subjects in the single shock procedure. Thus, both in terms of behavioral validity and simple economy, the repeated shock-probe procedure warrants further investigation as a selective test of anxiolytic agents.

title: A comparison of XXXX and @entity8685 in the shock-probe/burying test for anxiolytics.

answer: @entity5633 :: (MESH:D002065,Chemical) :: ['buspirone']


abstract: Posterior stabilization of cervical spine @entity174 and subluxations with metal plates and screws is commonly used in Europe, but has rarely been employed by neurosurgeons in North America, where stabilization has usually been achieved with wires supplemented by bone grafts or acrylic. The limitations of the more commonly used stabilization techniques include the failure to achieve rotational stability, the necessity for intact laminae, and the requirement for bone grafting. We therefore examined the efficacy of posterior cervical plating in 19 @entity1 who had posttraumatic instability of the cervical spine between C3 and C7 without residual @entity1745 and 1 @entity1 who had a subluxation as a result of @entity4034 . Two @entity1 had no neurological deficit, 4 had partial deficits, and 14 had no neurological function below the level of injury. Operation was performed after @entity1 were medically stable and maximal @entity174 was achieved (usually within 48 hours). The plates are made of @entity47384 and contain two or three holes 13 mm apart through which 16-mm screws are placed bilaterally into the center of the articular masses of two or three adjacent vertebrae to stabilize one or two motion segments. Bone grafting is not performed. @entity1 are mobilized on the day after operation in a Philadelphia collar, which is worn for 3 months. Fourteen @entity1 had stabilization of one motion segment and 6 had stabilization over two motion segments. The mean follow-up is 9.2 months. In a single @entity1 with @entity1691 , plate fixation failed when screws pulled out. No @entity1 experienced @entity16 as a result of the operative procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Posterior stabilization of cervical spine XXXX and subluxations using plates and screws.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'reduction of fractures']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity47384 :: ('MESH:D014800', 'Chemical') :: ['vitallium']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Clinical decision analysis is applied to the treatment decisions for four @entity1 with unruptured @entity439 . The surgical treatment was uneventful in all @entity1 except one with mild mixed @entity2026 and @entity425 postoperatively; these @entity51 in less than 2 years. In the decision analysis, discounted Quality Adjusted Life Years are used as an outcome measure. Probability estimates are extracted from the literature when available. It is concluded that the decision to treat the @entity439 neurosurgically in three of the four @entity1 was correct. In two of these three @entity1 , the decision cannot be altered by plausible changes in estimated data. For the third @entity1 , only the combination of a low probability of @entity397 , a high surgical mortality and morbidity, and high discount favors conservative treatment. In the fourth @entity1 , a toss-up situation exists. More knowledge of the probability of @entity397 , the probability of the development of other @entity439 , and the results of operation on intact @entity438 would have made the analysis more accurate. Clinical research should address these issues.

title: Treatment of intact XXXX : a decision-analytical approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits disappeared']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'familial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['familial intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: A case of @entity816 associated with @entity977 is reported. The @entity1 was a 33-year-old male, who was admitted with complaints of @entity13523 , slight left motor paresis, and @entity227 . Neurological examination disclosed sensory and motor @entity2026 , @entity1052 , slight left motor paresis, right homonymous @entity1805 , and bilateral choked discs. Computed tomography revealed a low density @entity66 with slight enhancement in the left temporal region and a ring-like enhanced @entity66 in the suprasellar region. In MRI, both the left temporal and the suprasellar lesions are depicted as low signal intensity areas in T1 weighted imaging, but as high signal intensity areas in T2 weighted imaging. Craniotomy was performed and both @entity5 were almost totally removed. The @entity5 in the left temporal region was diagnosed as @entity816 and the other in the suprasellar region was diagnosed as chromophobe @entity652 . Multiple primary @entity5 of different cell types are rare. About a hundred cases can be found in medical literature. More than two thirds of them are cases of @entity11 associated with @entity1653 , but other combinations of @entity5 are extremely rare. We now report this case of @entity816 associated with @entity977 . In the literature, there are only 5 cases of similar combination. It is believed that @entity816 and @entity977 are histologically different. In three of five reported cases, the @entity5 were in close proximity to each other, but it is doubtful that their close proximity was related to the fact that they developed concurrently.

title: [A case of XXXX associated with @entity977 ].

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ["Gerstmann's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'intracranial tumors']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['sensory aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']


abstract: A case of @entity816 associated with @entity977 is reported. The @entity1 was a 33-year-old male, who was admitted with complaints of @entity13523 , slight left motor paresis, and @entity227 . Neurological examination disclosed sensory and motor @entity2026 , @entity1052 , slight left motor paresis, right homonymous @entity1805 , and bilateral choked discs. Computed tomography revealed a low density @entity66 with slight enhancement in the left temporal region and a ring-like enhanced @entity66 in the suprasellar region. In MRI, both the left temporal and the suprasellar lesions are depicted as low signal intensity areas in T1 weighted imaging, but as high signal intensity areas in T2 weighted imaging. Craniotomy was performed and both @entity5 were almost totally removed. The @entity5 in the left temporal region was diagnosed as @entity816 and the other in the suprasellar region was diagnosed as chromophobe @entity652 . Multiple primary @entity5 of different cell types are rare. About a hundred cases can be found in medical literature. More than two thirds of them are cases of @entity11 associated with @entity1653 , but other combinations of @entity5 are extremely rare. We now report this case of @entity816 associated with @entity977 . In the literature, there are only 5 cases of similar combination. It is believed that @entity816 and @entity977 are histologically different. In three of five reported cases, the @entity5 were in close proximity to each other, but it is doubtful that their close proximity was related to the fact that they developed concurrently.

title: [A case of @entity816 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: Rams were randomly assigned to an experiment that evaluated effects of treatment (2.5 mg @entity2493 /d for 45 d vs control; @entity17506 vs CON) in mid-May through June on testis weight and concentration of epididymal @entity342 receptor in July or September (Sept). Mean testis weight of @entity17506 and CON rams was not different in July (332 vs 283 g), but in Sept was less (P less than .05) for @entity17506 rams than CON rams (268 vs 382 g). Testis weight of @entity17506 rams was less (P less than .05) in Sept than in July. Caput, corpus and cauda epididymal tissues were used to prepare extracts which were analyzed for concentration of @entity586 ( @entity587 ) receptor using a new standard curve method. A standard extract was characterized using four independent 8-point Scatchard analyses and found to contain 6.0 fmol @entity587 receptor/mg wet tissue (Ka = 3.5 X 10(8).M-1); this extract was used to establish standard curves for assays of unknown samples. Data on concentration of @entity587 receptors measured by Scatchard analysis and the standard curve method were highly correlated (r = 0.99; P less than .01; n = 8). Concentrations of @entity587 receptor were not affected by treatment, month of castration, or their interaction. However, for data pooled across treatment and month, concentration (fmol/mg protein) of @entity587 receptor was greater (P less than .05) in caput or corpus (125 or 122) than in cauda (92) epididymidis. The regional distribution of epididymal @entity587 receptors in this study confirmed our previous findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of exogenous XXXX prior to the breeding season on testis weight and epididymal @entity342 receptors in rams.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: Rams were randomly assigned to an experiment that evaluated effects of treatment (2.5 mg @entity2493 /d for 45 d vs control; @entity17506 vs CON) in mid-May through June on testis weight and concentration of epididymal @entity342 receptor in July or September (Sept). Mean testis weight of @entity17506 and CON rams was not different in July (332 vs 283 g), but in Sept was less (P less than .05) for @entity17506 rams than CON rams (268 vs 382 g). Testis weight of @entity17506 rams was less (P less than .05) in Sept than in July. Caput, corpus and cauda epididymal tissues were used to prepare extracts which were analyzed for concentration of @entity586 ( @entity587 ) receptor using a new standard curve method. A standard extract was characterized using four independent 8-point Scatchard analyses and found to contain 6.0 fmol @entity587 receptor/mg wet tissue (Ka = 3.5 X 10(8).M-1); this extract was used to establish standard curves for assays of unknown samples. Data on concentration of @entity587 receptors measured by Scatchard analysis and the standard curve method were highly correlated (r = 0.99; P less than .01; n = 8). Concentrations of @entity587 receptor were not affected by treatment, month of castration, or their interaction. However, for data pooled across treatment and month, concentration (fmol/mg protein) of @entity587 receptor was greater (P less than .05) in caput or corpus (125 or 122) than in cauda (92) epididymidis. The regional distribution of epididymal @entity587 receptors in this study confirmed our previous findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of exogenous @entity2493 prior to the breeding season on testis weight and epididymal XXXX receptors in rams.

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: A study was made of the evolution of @entity2415 and @entity130 induced in the lungs of male golden @entity329 by a single intratracheal injection of 350 micrograms @entity1 neutrophil elastase ( @entity13789 ). Saline control and @entity13789 -treated groups of 8 animals were studied 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months posttreatment. @entity13789 treatment caused a significant increase in all lung volumes and a significant decrease in maximum expiratory flows at all study times. The mean linear intercept (MLI) values of the left lung were significantly increased over control values. There was no progression with time in MLI values, lung volumes, or lung compliance. Secretory-cell metaplasia was present at 1 month and persisted throughout the study. The @entity13789 -treated lungs showed clusters of ferric @entity68 -containing macrophages in the terminal airspaces. The amount of @entity68 in the lungs, determined morphometrically, was greatest at 1 month, was decreased by 6 months, and then did not change further to 18 months. At 18 months the amount of @entity68 was still significantly above control amounts. We conclude that the airway and parenchymal lesions induced by @entity13789 persist without progression for 18 months. Clearance of ferric @entity68 , which was probably a result of the @entity548 induced by @entity13789 treatment, continued for 6 months with no evident subsequent clearance.

title: An 18-month study of the effects on hamster lungs of intratracheally administered XXXX neutrophil elastase.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['airway injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study investigated the nonspecific immunomodulatory effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), muramyl dipeptide ( @entity7192 ) and @entity620 ( @entity620 ) on @entity778 of the respiratory tract in Fischer-344 @entity35 . Groups of young adult (12-16 months old) and aged (24-30 months old) @entity35 were given BCG or @entity7192 intranasally or @entity620 orally 6 weeks and again 3 days before an intranasal challenge with influenza virus A/Bangkok/ @entity17833 (10(6) 50% EID). Titers of hemagglutinin in lung homogenates and the presence of leukocytes in the respiratory tracts served as indices of @entity281 . Lung macrophage functions of animals were determined by measuring random migration and phagocytic @entity375 cell killing in vitro. Clearance of @entity794 from the respiratory tracts of the animals was also measured 4 hours after challenge. - Following BCG treatment, significantly fewer animals developed @entity778 . @entity7192 and @entity620 treatments also reduced the numbers of infected @entity35 but did not differ significantly from the untreated control groups. BCG and @entity7192 treatments significantly reduced the numbers of lung leukocytes in virus infected animals. Mean virus titers in the lung homogenates were significantly lower in all treatment groups by the third day of @entity281 . Following all treatments, duration of @entity778 was significantly shorter in the aged compared to the young adult groups. Lung macrophage functions increased in all treatment groups. The improvement of aged groups over their controls was greater than that of the young adults compared to their controls. BCG had the greatest protective effects in both the young adult and aged animals; @entity7192 and @entity620 , in that order, were less effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunostimulating agents against XXXX in senescent @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['influenza virus infection']


abstract: This study investigated the nonspecific immunomodulatory effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), muramyl dipeptide ( @entity7192 ) and @entity620 ( @entity620 ) on @entity778 of the respiratory tract in Fischer-344 @entity35 . Groups of young adult (12-16 months old) and aged (24-30 months old) @entity35 were given BCG or @entity7192 intranasally or @entity620 orally 6 weeks and again 3 days before an intranasal challenge with influenza virus A/Bangkok/ @entity17833 (10(6) 50% EID). Titers of hemagglutinin in lung homogenates and the presence of leukocytes in the respiratory tracts served as indices of @entity281 . Lung macrophage functions of animals were determined by measuring random migration and phagocytic @entity375 cell killing in vitro. Clearance of @entity794 from the respiratory tracts of the animals was also measured 4 hours after challenge. - Following BCG treatment, significantly fewer animals developed @entity778 . @entity7192 and @entity620 treatments also reduced the numbers of infected @entity35 but did not differ significantly from the untreated control groups. BCG and @entity7192 treatments significantly reduced the numbers of lung leukocytes in virus infected animals. Mean virus titers in the lung homogenates were significantly lower in all treatment groups by the third day of @entity281 . Following all treatments, duration of @entity778 was significantly shorter in the aged compared to the young adult groups. Lung macrophage functions increased in all treatment groups. The improvement of aged groups over their controls was greater than that of the young adults compared to their controls. BCG had the greatest protective effects in both the young adult and aged animals; @entity7192 and @entity620 , in that order, were less effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunostimulating agents against @entity778 in senescent XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The anticonvulsant @entity109 (PB), at concentrations of 20, 40, and 90 micrograms/ml, was chronically applied to cell cultures of @entity19 spinal cord from day 2 or day 14 after initial plating, and the effects of this exposure on neuronal density and morphological characteristics were determined. Neuronal morphological characteristics were analyzed quantitatively following intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. Cultures exposed to PB for 6 weeks, from day 14 after plating, showed concentration-dependent reductions in neuronal density; both large and small neurons were equally affected. PB exposure also reduced dendritic branching frequency, and the length of dendrites, of remaining large neurons. A higher percentage of these neurons had a bipolar branching pattern than was normally the case. Neurons in cultures exposed to PB from day 2 after plating, compared with those exposed from day 14, showed significantly less alteration in terms of density and morphological characteristics. Effects on neuronal morphological characteristics increased with duration of drug exposure. Equimolar concentrations of @entity17166 produced effects similar to those produced by PB. Chronic exposure to PB adversely affects survival and morphological characteristics of @entity1 central neurons grown in cell culture. Curiously, exposure from the time of initial plating appears to be less deleterious than exposure initiated 2 weeks later. To the extent that neuronal development in vitro can be compared to the situation in vivo, these results, and those of other investigators, raise concerns about long-term exposure of the developing @entity1 nervous system to PB.

title: Effects of chronic XXXX exposure on cultured @entity19 spinal cord neurons.

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['barbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: The anticonvulsant @entity109 (PB), at concentrations of 20, 40, and 90 micrograms/ml, was chronically applied to cell cultures of @entity19 spinal cord from day 2 or day 14 after initial plating, and the effects of this exposure on neuronal density and morphological characteristics were determined. Neuronal morphological characteristics were analyzed quantitatively following intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. Cultures exposed to PB for 6 weeks, from day 14 after plating, showed concentration-dependent reductions in neuronal density; both large and small neurons were equally affected. PB exposure also reduced dendritic branching frequency, and the length of dendrites, of remaining large neurons. A higher percentage of these neurons had a bipolar branching pattern than was normally the case. Neurons in cultures exposed to PB from day 2 after plating, compared with those exposed from day 14, showed significantly less alteration in terms of density and morphological characteristics. Effects on neuronal morphological characteristics increased with duration of drug exposure. Equimolar concentrations of @entity17166 produced effects similar to those produced by PB. Chronic exposure to PB adversely affects survival and morphological characteristics of @entity1 central neurons grown in cell culture. Curiously, exposure from the time of initial plating appears to be less deleterious than exposure initiated 2 weeks later. To the extent that neuronal development in vitro can be compared to the situation in vivo, these results, and those of other investigators, raise concerns about long-term exposure of the developing @entity1 nervous system to PB.

title: Effects of chronic @entity109 exposure on cultured XXXX spinal cord neurons.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical performance of the Medtronic-Hall prosthesis based on a review of all valve related complications over a period of nine years. From January 1978 until December 1986, 502 prostheses were implanted in 450 @entity1 . There were 200 aortic valve replacements, 198 mitral valve replacements and 52 double valve replacements. There were 234 associated procedures performed, the most frequent being coronary grafting in 129 @entity1 and tricuspid annuloplasty in 35 @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 (230 @entity1 and 220 @entity1 ) was 54.08 +/- 11.7 years. Preoperatively, 92.2% were in NYHA class III or IV. Early mortality was 7.1% and late mortality 16.7%. The follow-up totalled 1733 @entity1 -years (mean 49.8 +/- 31.7 months). Over a period of nine years, the valve related complication rate was 4.4% per @entity1 -year. @entity1031 events occurred in 37 @entity1 (2.1% per patient-year), anticoagulant related @entity548 in 23 @entity1 (1.3% per @entity1 -year), @entity884 in 11 @entity1 (0.6% per @entity1 -year), perivalvular leak in six @entity1 (0.3% per @entity1 -year) and @entity204 and reoperation in 28 @entity1 (1.6% per @entity1 -year). At eight and one-half years, the survival rate was 71.28 +/- 2.7% for the whole group. The actuarial rate of @entity1 free from all valve related complications was 75.92 +/- 2.7%, rate of freedom from @entity1031 was 86.01 +/- 2.4%, freedom from anticoagulant related @entity548 was 92.7 +/- 1.6%, freedom from @entity884 was 97.17 +/- 0.8%, freedom from perivalvular leak was 98.27 +/- 0.7% and freedom from @entity204 and reoperation was 90.70 +/- 1.9%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Medtronic-Hall prosthesis: valve related XXXX and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Epigenetic aberrations play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. Chromatin deacetylation is a fundamental mechanism of gene silencing. @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors are an emerging class of antineoplastic agents that enable the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors, therefore promoting gene expression. @entity12232 is a selective @entity15152 inhibitor that has shown anti-neoplastic activity and tolerability in hematologic and solid @entity5 , including @entity2 . Areas covered: This article summarizes the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, mechanisms of action, safety, tolerability, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of the @entity15152 inhibitor @entity12232 , as a novel promissory agent for the treatment of NSCLC. Expert opinion: The field of targeted therapy has @entity2 . However, even now with the current FDA-approved agents, < 15% of @entity1 benefit from these interventions and we are still far from curing @entity2 . New targets are needed. Either in combination with cytotoxic drugs, epigenetic therapy or other molecular targeted drugs, @entity12232 represents a new potential agent for the treatment of @entity4153 . However, the preliminary safety and efficacy results from several clinical trials still need to be validated in large Phase III trials.

title: XXXX ( @entity12232 ) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increased in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity15152 :: ('9734', 'Gene') :: ['Histone deacetylase', 'HDAC']

entities_list: @entity12232 :: ('MESH:C118739', 'Chemical') :: ['Entinostat', 'entinostat']

answer: @entity12232 :: (MESH:C118739,Chemical) :: ['Entinostat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Epigenetic aberrations play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. Chromatin deacetylation is a fundamental mechanism of gene silencing. @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors are an emerging class of antineoplastic agents that enable the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors, therefore promoting gene expression. @entity12232 is a selective @entity15152 inhibitor that has shown anti-neoplastic activity and tolerability in hematologic and solid @entity5 , including @entity2 . Areas covered: This article summarizes the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, mechanisms of action, safety, tolerability, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of the @entity15152 inhibitor @entity12232 , as a novel promissory agent for the treatment of NSCLC. Expert opinion: The field of targeted therapy has @entity2 . However, even now with the current FDA-approved agents, < 15% of @entity1 benefit from these interventions and we are still far from curing @entity2 . New targets are needed. Either in combination with cytotoxic drugs, epigenetic therapy or other molecular targeted drugs, @entity12232 represents a new potential agent for the treatment of @entity4153 . However, the preliminary safety and efficacy results from several clinical trials still need to be validated in large Phase III trials.

title: @entity12232 ( XXXX ) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

answer: @entity12232 :: (MESH:C118739,Chemical) :: ['SNDX-275']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) is an important @entity1 outcome in oncology. Many @entity0 survivors report difficulties with QoL. Adverse childhood events (ACEs) and @entity851 ( @entity851 ) may influence QoL in @entity0 survivors after diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the association of QoL with ACEs and @entity851 among @entity0 survivors 2 years after diagnosis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 93 Chinese @entity0 survivors diagnosed at least 2 years prior to the study. Measures included a self-reported demographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaires, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- @entity0 QoL questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 93 @entity1 , more than one-third (34.4%) experienced childhood adversity. We found a negative relationship between ACEs and QoL and a positive relationship between @entity851 and QoL. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that childhood adversity and @entity851 are important predictors of QoL among @entity0 survivors at least 2 years after diagnosis. @entity1 who had experienced ACEs had poorer health-related QoL than did those who did not. Individuals who experienced @entity851 following a @entity5 diagnosis also reported better QoL than did those who did not. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A better understanding of how ACE and @entity851 contribute to @entity0 survivors' QoL will help in tailoring and therefore enhancing the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving QoL.

title: Quality of Life Among XXXX Survivors 2 Years After Diagnosis: The Relationship With Adverse Childhood Events and Posttraumatic Growth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic growth', 'PTG']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-associated @entity189 (PANPC) has been associated with poor survival. Recent advances in radiation technology and imaging techniques, and the introduction of chemotherapy have improved survival in @entity189 ( @entity189 ); however, it is not clear whether these changes have improved survival in PANPC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare five-year maternal survival in @entity1 with PANPC and non-pregnant @entity1 with @entity189 . METHODS: After adjusting for age, stage and chemotherapy mode, we conducted a retrospective case-control study among 36 non-metastatic PANPC @entity1 and 36 non-pregnant @entity189 @entity1 (control group) who were treated at our institution between 2000 and 2010. RESULTS: The median age of both groups was 30years (range, 23-35years); median follow-up for all @entity1 was 70months. Locoregionally-advanced disease accounted for 83.3% of all @entity1 with PANPC and 92.9% of @entity1 who developed @entity189 during pregnancy. In both the PANPC and control groups, 31 @entity1 (86.1%) received chemotherapy and all @entity1 received definitive radiotherapy. The five-year rates for overall survival (70% vs. 78%, p=0.72), distant metastasis-free survival (79% vs. 76%, p=0.77), loco-regional relapse-free survival (97% vs. 91%, p=0.69) and disease-free survival (69% vs. 74%, p=0.98) were not significantly different between the PANPC and control groups. Multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model revealed that only N-classification was significantly associated with five-year OS. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that, in the modern treatment era, pregnancy itself may not negatively influence survival outcomes in @entity1 with @entity189 ; however, pregnancy may delay the diagnosis of @entity189 .

title: Pregnancy associated XXXX : A retrospective case-control analysis of maternal survival outcomes.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the @entity5 in the world. Therefore, new therapeutic options are urgently needed to improve the survival of @entity1124 @entity1 . Protein kinase G (PKG) conducts the interlude of @entity6708 signaling which is important for healthy as well as for @entity5 cells. @entity54739 is a specific inhibitor of PKG, and it has been shown to possess an anti- @entity5 cytotoxic activity in vitro. The main aim of this work was to investigate anti- @entity5 effects of @entity54739 upon @entity1124 in vivo.Expression of PKG was assessed with real-time PCR analysis in the normal and @entity5 pancreatic cells. In vitro cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, @entity39 , migration, and invasion of the @entity19 @entity1124 cell line Panc02 were assessed after @entity54739 treatment. In vivo anti- @entity5 effects of @entity54739 were investigated in the @entity19 Panc02 orthotopic model of @entity1124 . Western blot analysis was used to determine the phosphorylation state of the proteins of interest.Functional PKGI is preferentially expressed in @entity1124 cells. @entity54739 was capable to reduce viability, proliferation, and migration of @entity19 @entity1124 cells in vitro. At the same time, @entity54739 treatment did not change the viability of normal epithelial cells of @entity19 liver. In vivo, @entity54739 treatment reduced the @entity5 volume and metastases in @entity1124 -bearing @entity19 , but it was ineffective to prolong the survival of the @entity5 -bearing animals. In addition, @entity54739 treatment decreased phosphorylation of @entity6913 , @entity1995 , and @entity15983 in @entity19 @entity1124 .Inhibition of PKG could be a potential therapeutic strategy for @entity1124 treatment which should be carefully validated in future pre-clinical studies.

title: Anti- @entity5 properties of the @entity6708 /protein kinase G inhibitor XXXX in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deadliest cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity54739 :: (CHEBI:74952,Chemical) :: ['DT3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the @entity5 in the world. Therefore, new therapeutic options are urgently needed to improve the survival of @entity1124 @entity1 . Protein kinase G (PKG) conducts the interlude of @entity6708 signaling which is important for healthy as well as for @entity5 cells. @entity54739 is a specific inhibitor of PKG, and it has been shown to possess an anti- @entity5 cytotoxic activity in vitro. The main aim of this work was to investigate anti- @entity5 effects of @entity54739 upon @entity1124 in vivo.Expression of PKG was assessed with real-time PCR analysis in the normal and @entity5 pancreatic cells. In vitro cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, @entity39 , migration, and invasion of the @entity19 @entity1124 cell line Panc02 were assessed after @entity54739 treatment. In vivo anti- @entity5 effects of @entity54739 were investigated in the @entity19 Panc02 orthotopic model of @entity1124 . Western blot analysis was used to determine the phosphorylation state of the proteins of interest.Functional PKGI is preferentially expressed in @entity1124 cells. @entity54739 was capable to reduce viability, proliferation, and migration of @entity19 @entity1124 cells in vitro. At the same time, @entity54739 treatment did not change the viability of normal epithelial cells of @entity19 liver. In vivo, @entity54739 treatment reduced the @entity5 volume and metastases in @entity1124 -bearing @entity19 , but it was ineffective to prolong the survival of the @entity5 -bearing animals. In addition, @entity54739 treatment decreased phosphorylation of @entity6913 , @entity1995 , and @entity15983 in @entity19 @entity1124 .Inhibition of PKG could be a potential therapeutic strategy for @entity1124 treatment which should be carefully validated in future pre-clinical studies.

title: Anti- @entity5 properties of the XXXX /protein kinase G inhibitor @entity54739 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the @entity5 in the world. Therefore, new therapeutic options are urgently needed to improve the survival of @entity1124 @entity1 . Protein kinase G (PKG) conducts the interlude of @entity6708 signaling which is important for healthy as well as for @entity5 cells. @entity54739 is a specific inhibitor of PKG, and it has been shown to possess an anti- @entity5 cytotoxic activity in vitro. The main aim of this work was to investigate anti- @entity5 effects of @entity54739 upon @entity1124 in vivo.Expression of PKG was assessed with real-time PCR analysis in the normal and @entity5 pancreatic cells. In vitro cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, @entity39 , migration, and invasion of the @entity19 @entity1124 cell line Panc02 were assessed after @entity54739 treatment. In vivo anti- @entity5 effects of @entity54739 were investigated in the @entity19 Panc02 orthotopic model of @entity1124 . Western blot analysis was used to determine the phosphorylation state of the proteins of interest.Functional PKGI is preferentially expressed in @entity1124 cells. @entity54739 was capable to reduce viability, proliferation, and migration of @entity19 @entity1124 cells in vitro. At the same time, @entity54739 treatment did not change the viability of normal epithelial cells of @entity19 liver. In vivo, @entity54739 treatment reduced the @entity5 volume and metastases in @entity1124 -bearing @entity19 , but it was ineffective to prolong the survival of the @entity5 -bearing animals. In addition, @entity54739 treatment decreased phosphorylation of @entity6913 , @entity1995 , and @entity15983 in @entity19 @entity1124 .Inhibition of PKG could be a potential therapeutic strategy for @entity1124 treatment which should be carefully validated in future pre-clinical studies.

title: Anti- XXXX properties of the @entity6708 /protein kinase G inhibitor @entity54739 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: After mild and severe @entity1468 , to assess whether @entity1 meet the physical activity recommendation at 3 and 6months postpartum, and whether demographic, obstetric and anthropometric characteristics, mental health, and health-related quality of life are associated with less physical activity than recommended. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported physical activity in MET-min/week, percentage of @entity1 who fail to meet the physical activity recommendation. METHODS: Of the 255 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1468 invited to participate in this prospective cohort study, 174 (68%) provided informed consent. Analyses were restricted to 141 @entity1 who completed the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at 3 and/or 6months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate changes in physical activity level over time, and to establish which variables were associated with failure to meet the postpartum physical activity recommendation. RESULTS: At both 3 and 6months postpartum, 38% of @entity1 failed to meet the physical activity recommendation. Failure was associated with severe @entity1468 , cesarean section, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, low gestational age at delivery, and low birth weight (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be a need to stimulate physical activity in about one third of @entity1 after a pregnancy complicated by @entity1468 , particularly in case of severe @entity1468 and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Tailored lifestyle interventions are needed for @entity1 who fail to meet the recommendation.

title: Postpartum physical activity after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']