abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether or not to vaccinate one's @entity1 is one of the first health-related decisions parents have to make after their @entity1 's birth. For the past 20 years, the share of parents choosing not to immunize their @entity1 has increased in many countries, for various reasons. Among these, rumors affirming that vaccinations contain dangerous chemicals or might trigger severe @entity102 have negatively affected parental attitudes towards pediatric immunizations, particularly the vaccination against measles, mumps and @entity2462 (MMR), raising a number of public health concerns. The primary aim of this qualitative study is to understand what drives parents' decision, giving special attention to vaccination literacy and psychological empowerment in such a context. METHODS: Twenty individual semi-structured interviews were conducted in the Canton of Ticino (Switzerland) between January and June 2014. @entity1 were either mothers or fathers of @entity1 less than 1 year old living in Switzerland. An inductive thematic analysis was performed to identify the main themes with regard to vaccination literacy and psychological empowerment in the MMR vaccination decision-making. RESULTS: Parents' reports yielded four main themes: (a) the paradox of the free choice, referring to the misinterpretation of current vaccination policies; (b) giving up the power, pointing at the outcomes of a low perceived competence; (c) a far-reaching decision, reflecting the importance attributed to the MMR choice and the different levels of impact the decision can have; (d) the demand for shared-decision making, referring to the parental needs in relation to the @entity1 's healthcare provider. CONCLUSION: Understanding what drives parents' management of their @entity1 's immunization schedule in terms of vaccination literacy and psychological empowerment can help health professionals to communicate more effectively with parents in order to facilitate an informed decision, and stakeholders to design tailored health education programs and materials. This can ultimately help increase the coverage of the MMR vaccination.

title: Addressing issues of vaccination literacy and psychological empowerment in the measles-mumps- XXXX (MMR) vaccination decision-making: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Limited animal and @entity1 studies have shown function, albeit inadequate, of implanted thyroid tissue in muscles. This work aimed to ascertain results in a larger number of @entity1 , finding practical method for implantation, studying the effect of changing weight of implant and effect of passage of time on its function. METHODS: Forty @entity1 had @entity4510 . A piece of the excised gland was finely minced, mixed with saline as emulsion, and injected in thigh muscles. Twelve @entity1 had 5-g implants, while 28 @entity1 had 10-g implants. Four parameters were studied at 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months: @entity1136 isotope uptake by the implant; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); free T3 (FT3); and free T4 (FT4). RESULTS: All autotransplanted thyroid tissue survived and functioned. After 12 months, mean values (   standard deviation) of isotope uptake, TSH, FT3, and FT4 of the 5-g implants were 0.44      0.16%, 27.74      30.4  UI/mL, 3.07      1.10 pg/mL, and 1.01      0.3  ng/dL, repectively. Those for the 10  g implants were 0.71      0.20%, 22.78      19.7  UI/mL, 3.92      1.2  pg/mL, and 1.05      0.3  ng/dL, repectively. Ten-gram implants showed significantly higher isotope uptake than 5-g. TSH, FT3, and FT4 significantly improved over the period of 1 year. CONCLUSION: Injection of thyroid tissue suspension is a simple method for thyroid autotransplantation. TSH was elevated in the majority to maintain normal or near normal thyroid hormones. Ten-gram implants showed higher isotope uptake than 5-g, although this difference was not reflected by @entity6145 profile. The implant seemed to function better with the passage of time from 2 months to 12 months.

title: Technique and outcome of autotransplanting thyroid tissue after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity4510 :: ('OMIM:138800', 'Disease') :: ['total thyroidectomy for simple multinodular goiters']

answer: @entity4510 :: (OMIM:138800,Disease) :: ['total thyroidectomy for simple multinodular goiters']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) is the main cause of @entity227 in the elderly population. With the use of anti- @entity7 , the visual outcomes of exudative @entity1020 @entity1 have been improved. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of life (QoL) of exudative @entity1020 @entity1 treated with ranibizumab and at determining its drivers in a real-life setting. METHODS: We performed a national, cross-sectional, observational survey based on questionnaires sent to members of French associations relative to @entity1020 between December 2012 and March 2013. @entity1 suffering from exudative @entity1020 with at least one intravitreal injection of ranibizumab within the last 6 months were included. Demographics, @entity1020 characteristics, visual acuity (VA) and past and ongoing treatments were collected. The 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) was self-administered. A multivariate model was used to identify QoL drivers. RESULTS: 416 questionnaires fulfilled the complete criteria for both QoL and cost analyses. The mean age of exudative @entity1020 @entity1 was 78.0 years and bilateral involvement was reported in 60.4%. The overall mean QoL score was 53.4. Mental health, driving and role difficulties were the most widely affected domains. After bivariate analyses, long-term illness status, worse VA and higher number of unpaid aids were associated with worse QoL, with odds ratios of 2.4, 5.2 and 11.6, respectively. The mean cost per year and per @entity1 was 1,741 EUR. The main components of costs were aids and services and the purchase of visual equipment. CONCLUSIONS: The main predictors of QoL in exudative @entity1020 @entity1 treated with ranibizumab are VA outcomes, home healthcare and social services provided to the @entity1 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Quality of Life in XXXX Suffering from Active Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The EQUADE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Age-related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Adult-onset @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ) has features that are distinct from that of @entity9058 in pediatric @entity1 . The clinical records at the Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital were reviewed. We retrospectively analyzed 34 @entity1 who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of @entity9058 -2004. The median age of @entity1 was 60.0 (range 15-86). Underlying diseases were diagnosed in 17 @entity1 . They consisted of @entity706 (n=3), other @entity5 (n=3), @entity1800 (n=4), @entity1413 (n=3), @entity19865 (n=3) and drug (n=1). Underlying diseases were not diagnosed in 17 @entity1 despite examination. The treatments were @entity230 (n=18), @entity619 + @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) + @entity2879 (n=4), multidrug chemotherapy (n=2), @entity230 and @entity9472 (n=3). Eleven @entity1 died during observation. In a multivariate analysis, the significant predictor for @entity204 was age at onset (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.02-1.44; P=0.027). Autopsy was performed in 4 cases, but the underlying disease remained unknown in 3 of those cases. Adult-onset @entity9058 has high diversity and various outcomes. The mechanism of adult-onset @entity9058 is not fully understood and further research is required.

title: Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Adult-Onset XXXX : A Retrospective Analysis of 34 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['HLH', 'hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ["Kikuchi's disease"]

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disease']

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis']


abstract: The activity of 33 afferent vagal fibers arising from rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors in the lungs of 21 @entity840 was studied. These receptors were identified by their response to constant pressure hyperinflation and to negative pressure deflation of the lungs. The response was irregular bursts of action potentials with an adaptation index greater than 70% in 2s. Little or no activity was noted in these receptors during eupneic breathing. The conduction velocity of the afferent fibers from these receptors ranged from 3.1 to 57.1 m/s (mean = 20.2 +/- 5.1 SD). Receptors were stimulated by intravenous injection of @entity112 and also by vapors of @entity4543 , @entity167 , @entity1324 , @entity3265 , and cigarette smoke. Stimulation by the inhalation of the vapors usually occurred in the absence of any change in tracheal pressure or even when the tracheal pressure became slightly lower than before vapor challenge, thus suggesting a direct action. If an increase in tracheal pressure occurred, the discharge of the receptor began well in advance. However, stimulation of the receptor by @entity112 was always accompanied by significant increases in tracheal pressure. @entity3044 prevented the increase in tracheal pressures produced by @entity112 challenge. In addition, @entity3044 blocked the response of rapidly adapting receptors to @entity112 as well. @entity3044 had no effect on receptor response to the various vapors used in this study. Therefore, stimulation of rapidly adapting receptors by @entity112 seems to be dependent on an increase in tracheal pressure, while a direct action in indicated by several 'irritant' gases. The characteristics of the rapidly adapting receptors in @entity840 lungs are more closely related to the irritant receptor of the @entity95 and the cat than to the rapidly adapting receptors in lungs of @entity235 .

title: Characterization of intrapulmonary, rapidly adapting receptors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cortical @entity2045 with @entity2055 has only rarely been reported in association with @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Such reports also suggested that it is unresponsive to gluten-free diet. We present detailed electro-clinical characteristics of a new @entity71255 with @entity2055 . At our gluten/neurology clinic we have assessed and regularly follow up over 600 @entity1 with @entity16 due to @entity1593 . We have identified 9 @entity1 with this syndrome. RESULTS: All 9 @entity1 (6 male, 3 female) experienced asymmetrical irregular @entity2045 involving one or more limbs and sometimes face. This was often stimulus sensitive and became more widespread over time. Three @entity1 had a history of Jacksonian march and five had at least one secondarily generalised @entity410 . Electrophysiology showed evidence of cortical @entity2045 . Three had a phenotype of @entity10895 partialis @entity10895 at onset. There was clinical, imaging and/or pathological evidence of cerebellar involvement in all cases. All @entity1 adhered to a strict gluten-free diet with elimination of gluten-related antibodies in most. However, there was still evidence of @entity7017 in all, suggestive of @entity1593 . Two died from @entity706 and one from @entity159 . Five @entity1 were treated with @entity6051 and one in addition with rituximab and IV immunoglobulins. Their @entity2055 and @entity7017 improved but @entity2045 remained the most disabling feature of their illness. CONCLUSIONS: This syndrome may well be the commonest neurological manifestation of refractory @entity66 . The clinical involvement, apart from @entity2055 , covers the whole clinical spectrum of cortical @entity2045 .

title: Myoclonus ataxia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac Disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['gluten sensitivity', 'refractory celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy-associated lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological manifestations']

entities_list: @entity10895 :: ('MESH:D017036', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsia', 'continua']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia', 'ataxia and refractory CD']

entities_list: @entity71255 :: ('MESH:C565130', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome of progressive cortical hyperexcitability']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['refractory coeliac disease']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1978 @entity295 was observed in 14 @entity1 undergoing permanent pacemaker treatment. The causative microorganisms were: @entity794 (9), @entity5938 (3), alfa-haemolytic streptococci + @entity11889 (1), enterococci (1). In 4 @entity1 , a mural @entity884 of the right atrial wall surrounding the electrode was found at operation or autopsy. The interval between the preceding pacemaker operation and onset of @entity295 varied between 2 days and 23 months (median 2 months). In 5 @entity1 , the last operation before @entity295 was performed because of @entity281 in the pacemaker pocket or along the electrode. A probable portal of entry was found in 11 @entity1 . The electrode was the origin in 8, the pacemaker pocket in one, and a focus outside the pacemaker system in 2. Of the 6 @entity1 treated with antibiotics alone, 3 were cured, 2 died and one is still on treatment. Eight @entity1 underwent various surgical procedures in addition to the antibiotic treatment. In 4 the electrode was completely removed. In 2 of them cardiotomy during extracorporeal circulation had to be used. All of these @entity1 were cured. In 3 the pacemaker system was partially extracted. Only one of them was cured, one developed @entity4034 and one died. Based on our experience, we now recommend that all foreign material should be removed, if possible, in the presence of @entity295 and/or @entity884 , and that parenteral antibiotic treatment should be given for at least 6 weeks.

title: XXXX and @entity884 --uncommon but serious complications in connection with permanent cardiac pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Septicaemia']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1978 @entity295 was observed in 14 @entity1 undergoing permanent pacemaker treatment. The causative microorganisms were: @entity794 (9), @entity5938 (3), alfa-haemolytic streptococci + @entity11889 (1), enterococci (1). In 4 @entity1 , a mural @entity884 of the right atrial wall surrounding the electrode was found at operation or autopsy. The interval between the preceding pacemaker operation and onset of @entity295 varied between 2 days and 23 months (median 2 months). In 5 @entity1 , the last operation before @entity295 was performed because of @entity281 in the pacemaker pocket or along the electrode. A probable portal of entry was found in 11 @entity1 . The electrode was the origin in 8, the pacemaker pocket in one, and a focus outside the pacemaker system in 2. Of the 6 @entity1 treated with antibiotics alone, 3 were cured, 2 died and one is still on treatment. Eight @entity1 underwent various surgical procedures in addition to the antibiotic treatment. In 4 the electrode was completely removed. In 2 of them cardiotomy during extracorporeal circulation had to be used. All of these @entity1 were cured. In 3 the pacemaker system was partially extracted. Only one of them was cured, one developed @entity4034 and one died. Based on our experience, we now recommend that all foreign material should be removed, if possible, in the presence of @entity295 and/or @entity884 , and that parenteral antibiotic treatment should be given for at least 6 weeks.

title: @entity295 and XXXX --uncommon but serious complications in connection with permanent cardiac pacing.

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4553 ( @entity4553 ) affects    36% of Caucasian adults. Although considered highly heritable, the underlying genetic determinants are unclear. We conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed to identify genetic variants associated with @entity4553 . METHODS: @entity4553 was assessed in three Caucasian cohorts (n=2263, n=915 and n=1231 @entity1 , respectively). In each cohort, a GWAS was conducted using 2.5   M imputed SNPs. Mixed-effect regression with the additive genetic model adjusted for age, sex, weight and within-family correlations was used for both sex-specific and combined analyses. To combine GWAS results across cohorts, fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analyses were used. Following meta-analyses, top-associated findings were also examined in an African American cohort (n=327). RESULTS: The proportion of @entity4553 variance explained by genome-wide genotyped SNPs was 50% in @entity1 and 48% in @entity1 . A higher proportion of genetic determinants of @entity4553 were sex specific. The most significantly associated SNP in @entity1 was @entity71256 located on chr17q23-a24 near the @entity18609 gene (p=0.000000546*10(-7)); the most significantly associated SNP in @entity1 was @entity71257 located on chr13q14.1-q14.2 near the ESD gene (p=0.000000721*10(-7)). Genome-wide significant SNP-by-sex interaction was found for SNP @entity71258 located on chr11p15.1 near the @entity48223 gene (interaction p value =0.0000000041*10(-9)). The association signals diminished when combining @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of @entity4553 are complex and strongly underlined by sex-specific interactions. The identified genetic variants imply contribution of biological pathways observed in @entity571 as well as new pathways, influencing skeletal development and @entity32 .

title: Genome-wide association meta-analyses to identify common genetic variants associated with XXXX in Caucasian and African Americans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['Hallux valgus', 'HV']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present a pilot series of @entity1 with @entity174 manipulated following a proximal periosteal nerve block with local anaesthesia. This is a novel technique which can be utilised in adults and @entity1 and is described herein. METHODS: With a median of 40  years (range 10-81 years), 42 @entity1 (16 @entity1 ) with distal radial and ulnar @entity174 were included. Of these @entity1 , 40 underwent periosteal blocks in the emergency room or @entity174 clinic; 2 were already inpatients. @entity174 were manipulated routinely and immobilised with plaster. Mobile fluoroscopy was not used for @entity1 in the emergency department or @entity174 clinic. RESULTS: Of the 42 @entity1 , 40 @entity1 (95  %) had successful @entity174 manipulation and did not require subsequent treatment. Two @entity1 (5  %) needed subsequent surgery, one for K-wire stabilisation of their @entity174 and the second for volar plate fixation. The procedure was described as painless in 35 (83  %) @entity1 (visual analogue scale/VAS score 0), with 6 (14  %) suffering minimal @entity158 (VAS 1-3). In the 12-16-year age group, 15 @entity1 (94  %) described the manipulation as painless; 1 @entity1 described the procedure as minimally painful. No additional @entity1337 of any kind was given. There were no direct complications from any of the periosteal nerve blocks. CONCLUSIONS: Local anaesthetic periosteal nerve blocks injected proximally to the @entity174 sites are a simple and yet very effective new technique which provide good/excellent @entity1337 and facilitate the reduction of distal radial and ulnar @entity174 .

title: Periosteal nerve blocks for distal radius and ulna XXXX manipulation-the technique and early results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal forearm fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered to be an optimal surgical treatment option for @entity354 in the morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . Nevertheless, a subgroup of @entity1 suffer from recurrent or persistent @entity354 after their gastric bypass. Unfortunately, limited treatment options are available in these @entity1 . Fundoplication via mobilization of the remnant stomach and radiofrequency treatment of the lower esophageal sphincter have been described with some success. Our objective is to illustrate a safe and durable surgical option in the treatment of @entity1 with medically refractory @entity354 post-RYGB. METHODS: After placing five trocars in the usual position for a foregut laparoscopic surgery, a lysis of adhesions and standard dissection of the hiatus is performed. The anterior and posterior vagal nerves associated phrenoesophageal tissue bundles are identified. A primary crural repair with interrupted nonabsorbable sutures is performed. Four full-length nonabsorbable sutures are placed sequentially through the anterior and posterior phrenoesophageal bundle, posterior fundus and finally through the pre-aortic fascia. The repair is calibrated on a 44 French bougie. The sutures are tied from medial to lateral in the order of their placement under endoscopic guidance. RESULTS: No peri-procedural complications were encountered. Standard post-antireflux surgery clinical follow-up with the @entity1 completing a validated @entity354 clinical questionnaire at 1 and 6  months after the surgery demonstrated excellent @entity354 symptom control without any @entity1282 . A pH study and EGD performed at 6  months post-Hill procedure show the absence of pathological reflux with an intact Hill mechanism. CONCLUSION: The Hill procedure is a valid treatment for the post-bariatric surgical @entity1 with @entity354 in which the gastric fundus is absent or inaccessible thus eliminating standard fundoplication as a reasonable option. This also represents a safe and durable treatment of @entity354 in this uniquely challenging @entity1 population.

title: Hill procedure for recurrent XXXX post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity357 has a better chance of success if the hiatus is closed without @entity2701 . This study attempts to answer the following questions: (1) What is the rate of @entity357 in @entity1 who undergo hiatal closure with diaphragmatic relaxing incisions? (2) Can biologic mesh be safely substituted for synthetic mesh as coverage of the relaxing incisions? METHODS: We identified all @entity1 who underwent @entity357 at our institution between 2007 and 2013 and reviewed their clinical records. Radiologic recurrence was identified by an experienced radiologist and defined as the presence of any abdominal contents located above the diaphragm on esophagram. Clinical recurrence was defined as little or no improvement in symptoms, the development of a new symptom, or the need for medical, endoscopic, or surgical treatment of postoperative symptoms. RESULTS: A minimum of 6  months of radiologic and clinical follow-up was available for 146 (40  %) @entity1 , including 16 with relaxing incisions. There were 66 (45  %) recurrent @entity547 on esophagram. There was no difference in the rate of recurrent @entity357 among the three groups: Primary closure of the hiatus (21/36 [58  %]), primary closure with biologic mesh reinforcement (36/94 [38  %]), and relaxing incision with biologic mesh reinforcement (9/16 [56  %]; p  =  0.428). Two reoperations were performed on @entity1 who underwent left relaxing incisions and developed symptomatic @entity2914 through the left relaxing incisions. There were no complications associated with use of biologic mesh at the hiatus. CONCLUSIONS: Rate of recurrent @entity357 is similar between @entity1 who undergo diaphragmatic relaxing incisions and @entity1 who undergo primary hiatal closure. Relaxing incisions can be safely performed on either crus; however, biologic mesh should not be used to patch a left-sided relaxing incision due to the risk of developing a @entity2914 .

title: The use of crural relaxing incisions with biologic mesh reinforcement during laparoscopic repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair', 'Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair', 'hiatal hernia recurrence', 'hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia', 'diaphragmatic hernias']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias detected']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['complex hiatal hernias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our goal was to test the predictive value of high-attenuation material within the maxillary sinus for adjacent @entity174 . After IRB approval, all @entity130 facial CTs performed over a 5-month period at a level II @entity130 center were reviewed in consensus by three radiologists for the presence of facial @entity174 or high attenuation maxillary sinus opacity (>= 30HU, >= 40HU, or >= 50HU). Three classes of @entity174 were analyzed: any @entity174 , any @entity174 contiguous with the maxillary sinus, and only @entity174 not contiguous with the maxillary sinus. Statistics were calculated using two-by-two tables. A total of 844 cases were reviewed with 273 @entity1 having any @entity174 . There were 402 hemi-faces with any @entity174 and 62 hemi-faces with @entity174 contiguous with the maxillary sinus. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for any @entity174 (using the >= 40HU threshold) were 13, 99, 85, and 78  % respectively; for @entity174 contiguous with the sinus, these were 71, 99, 72, and 99  % respectively; and for only non-contiguous @entity174 , these were 2.3, 96, 13, and 80  %, respectively. We conclude that in this level II @entity130 population, lack of high attenuation maxillary sinus material nearly ruled out @entity174 in contiguity with the sinus. High-attenuation sinus material is only moderately predictive of a @entity174 contiguous with the maxillary sinus. Therefore, if after careful review a @entity174 is not identified, the radiologist should not be overly concerned that a @entity174 is being missed. High-attenuation sinus material is a poor marker for @entity174 not contiguous with the maxillary sinus.

title: Significance of post-traumatic maxillary sinus fluid, or lack of fluid, in a level II XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'facial bone fracture']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Lumax 740(  ) @entity737 ( @entity737 ) system in @entity1 undergoing a defined 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 2013 and April 2014, eighteen @entity1 (age range, 41-78 years; mean age, 64 years) implanted with a Lumax 740(  ) @entity737 system for at least 6 weeks before an MRI were enrolled into this single-center feasibility study. The local ethics committee approved the study before @entity1 gave written informed consent. @entity1 underwent defined MRI 1.5T of the brain and lower lumbar spine with three safety follow-up evaluations obtained during the 3-month study period. Data were analyzed descriptively. Study endpoints were the absence of either MRI and pacing system related serious adverse device effects (SADE), or of a ventricular pacing threshold increase >0.5V, or of an R-wave amplitude attenuation   <   50%, or of an R-wave amplitude   <   5.0 mV at 1-month follow-up. The assessment of safety and efficacy was supported by recording of all adverse events, changes in pacing threshold, R-wave sensing, pacing impedances and in battery status. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 completed the MRI and the follow-up period. As no SADE occurred, the SADE free rate was 100%. Freedom from ventricular pacing threshold increase was 100% (16/16; 95%CI: 82.9%; 100.0%). There were no significant differences between baseline and follow-up measurements of sensing amplitudes (-0.58        2.07 mV, P   =   0.239, -0.41        1.04 mV, P   =   0.133, and -0.25        1.36 mV, P   =   0.724, for immediately after, 1 month and 3 months after MRI scan, respectively) and pacing thresholds (-0.047        0.18   V, P   =   0.317, -0.019        0.11   V, P   =   0.490, and 0.075        0.19   V, P   =   0.070, for immediately after, 1 month and 3 months after MRI scan, respectively). Lead impedances after the MRI scan were significantly lower as compared with baseline values (-22.8        21.69   , P   =   0.001, -21.62        39.71   , P   =   0.040, and -33.68        57.73   , P   =   0.018, for immediately after, 1 month and 3 months after MRI scan, respectively). CONCLUSION: MRI scans in @entity1 with MRI conditional @entity737 system (Lumax 740(  ) ) are feasible and can be performed safely under defined conditions in a hospital setting.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:574-584.

title: Clinical safety of an MRI conditional implantable cardioverter defibrillator system: A prospective Monocenter XXXX -Magnetic resonance Imaging feasibility study (MIMI).

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agriculture is an important source of emission of the greenhouse gas @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ). The observed differences in @entity3727 emission among different varieties of agricultural crops can be a key factor for developing @entity3727 emission reduction strategies. @entity3727 emissions were estimated from three varieties of @entity3505 viz. Sonalika, DBW 39, and K 0307 during 2010-2011 in an attempt to identify plant physiological and anatomical factors contributing to differences in gas emissions within the varieties. Sonalika was identified as a low @entity3727 emitting variety and DBW 39 as high emitting when grown in a uniform field condition. The experiment was repeated in 2011-2012 selecting low emitting Sonalika and high emitting variety DBW 39 for further confirmation of the results obtained during the first year of experimentation. Important plant factors namely rate of photosynthesis and transpiration in flag leaf, stomatal frequency of adaxial flag leaf surface, and size of the xylem vessels (mean vessel size of node, stem, and root) were studied, and their relationship with @entity3727 flux was worked out. A good correlation between transpiration and @entity3727 flux was observed in this study. Scanning electron microscopic investigation revealed strong association of flag leaf stomatal frequency and xylem size with @entity3727 emission. Sonalika, identified as low @entity3727 emitting variety during both the years of study, also recorded higher grain yield due to its higher efficiency of photosynthate allocation toward the developing grains. The observed differences in @entity3727 emission are considered to be due largely to genetic differences in the @entity3505 genotypes.

title: XXXX emission and mitigation from @entity3505 agriculture: association of physiological and anatomical characteristics of @entity3505 genotypes.

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agriculture is an important source of emission of the greenhouse gas @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ). The observed differences in @entity3727 emission among different varieties of agricultural crops can be a key factor for developing @entity3727 emission reduction strategies. @entity3727 emissions were estimated from three varieties of @entity3505 viz. Sonalika, DBW 39, and K 0307 during 2010-2011 in an attempt to identify plant physiological and anatomical factors contributing to differences in gas emissions within the varieties. Sonalika was identified as a low @entity3727 emitting variety and DBW 39 as high emitting when grown in a uniform field condition. The experiment was repeated in 2011-2012 selecting low emitting Sonalika and high emitting variety DBW 39 for further confirmation of the results obtained during the first year of experimentation. Important plant factors namely rate of photosynthesis and transpiration in flag leaf, stomatal frequency of adaxial flag leaf surface, and size of the xylem vessels (mean vessel size of node, stem, and root) were studied, and their relationship with @entity3727 flux was worked out. A good correlation between transpiration and @entity3727 flux was observed in this study. Scanning electron microscopic investigation revealed strong association of flag leaf stomatal frequency and xylem size with @entity3727 emission. Sonalika, identified as low @entity3727 emitting variety during both the years of study, also recorded higher grain yield due to its higher efficiency of photosynthate allocation toward the developing grains. The observed differences in @entity3727 emission are considered to be due largely to genetic differences in the @entity3505 genotypes.

title: @entity3810 emission and mitigation from XXXX agriculture: association of physiological and anatomical characteristics of @entity3505 genotypes.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agriculture is an important source of emission of the greenhouse gas @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ). The observed differences in @entity3727 emission among different varieties of agricultural crops can be a key factor for developing @entity3727 emission reduction strategies. @entity3727 emissions were estimated from three varieties of @entity3505 viz. Sonalika, DBW 39, and K 0307 during 2010-2011 in an attempt to identify plant physiological and anatomical factors contributing to differences in gas emissions within the varieties. Sonalika was identified as a low @entity3727 emitting variety and DBW 39 as high emitting when grown in a uniform field condition. The experiment was repeated in 2011-2012 selecting low emitting Sonalika and high emitting variety DBW 39 for further confirmation of the results obtained during the first year of experimentation. Important plant factors namely rate of photosynthesis and transpiration in flag leaf, stomatal frequency of adaxial flag leaf surface, and size of the xylem vessels (mean vessel size of node, stem, and root) were studied, and their relationship with @entity3727 flux was worked out. A good correlation between transpiration and @entity3727 flux was observed in this study. Scanning electron microscopic investigation revealed strong association of flag leaf stomatal frequency and xylem size with @entity3727 emission. Sonalika, identified as low @entity3727 emitting variety during both the years of study, also recorded higher grain yield due to its higher efficiency of photosynthate allocation toward the developing grains. The observed differences in @entity3727 emission are considered to be due largely to genetic differences in the @entity3505 genotypes.

title: @entity3810 emission and mitigation from @entity3505 agriculture: association of physiological and anatomical characteristics of XXXX genotypes.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: Eighty-four @entity1 included in the @entity16850 Registry were reviewed. The age of diagnosis ranged from 10-44 years (mean, 21). Sixty-nine percent of @entity1 were less than or equal to 20 years of age. The left breast was affected slightly more often (52%) than the right (48%) when the lesion was unilateral. Two @entity1 had bilateral lesions. Patterns of menarche, marital history, parity, and use of birth control pills were not exceptional for @entity1 in this age group. No instance was found of maternal use of @entity172 during pregnancy. There were no instances of @entity189 developing after biopsy of @entity16850 , but a newly diagnosed @entity1 had @entity189 arising from @entity16850 . Two other examples of concurrent @entity189 were previously reported ( @entity1137 in situ and contralateral @entity189 ). Particularly noteworthy is the finding that 26% of @entity1 wih information available reported that @entity0 had occurred in one or more female relatives. The major were older, secondary relatives (grandmothers, great aunts), although @entity0 (five cass) was also reported. The mothers of both @entity1 who had @entity189 associated with @entity16850 had been treated for @entity0 . These findings, based on incomplete reporting, are cause for concern in two respects: the findings suggest that @entity16850 may be a marker for @entity0 for the @entity1 's family, and they indicate a need for continued long-term follow-up of @entity16850 @entity1 who may themselves be at increased risk.

title: XXXX of the breast and family history of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity16850 :: ('MESH:C537876', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile papillomatosis', 'Juvenile Papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'maternal breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'secretory carcinoma']

answer: @entity16850 :: (MESH:C537876,Disease) :: ['Juvenile papillomatosis']


abstract: Eighty-four @entity1 included in the @entity16850 Registry were reviewed. The age of diagnosis ranged from 10-44 years (mean, 21). Sixty-nine percent of @entity1 were less than or equal to 20 years of age. The left breast was affected slightly more often (52%) than the right (48%) when the lesion was unilateral. Two @entity1 had bilateral lesions. Patterns of menarche, marital history, parity, and use of birth control pills were not exceptional for @entity1 in this age group. No instance was found of maternal use of @entity172 during pregnancy. There were no instances of @entity189 developing after biopsy of @entity16850 , but a newly diagnosed @entity1 had @entity189 arising from @entity16850 . Two other examples of concurrent @entity189 were previously reported ( @entity1137 in situ and contralateral @entity189 ). Particularly noteworthy is the finding that 26% of @entity1 wih information available reported that @entity0 had occurred in one or more female relatives. The major were older, secondary relatives (grandmothers, great aunts), although @entity0 (five cass) was also reported. The mothers of both @entity1 who had @entity189 associated with @entity16850 had been treated for @entity0 . These findings, based on incomplete reporting, are cause for concern in two respects: the findings suggest that @entity16850 may be a marker for @entity0 for the @entity1 's family, and they indicate a need for continued long-term follow-up of @entity16850 @entity1 who may themselves be at increased risk.

title: @entity16850 of the breast and family history of XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the variation in investigator-delineated volumes and assess plans from the radiotherapy trial quality assurance (RTTQA) program of SCALOP, a phase II trial in locally advanced @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participating investigators (n=25) outlined a pre-trial benchmark case as per @entity138 protocol, and the accuracy of investigators' GTV (iGTV) and @entity343 (iPTV) was evaluated, against the trials team-defined gold standard GTV (gsGTV) and @entity343 (gsPTV), using both qualitative and geometric analyses. The median Jaccard Conformity Index (JCI) and Geographical Miss Index (GMI) were calculated. Participating @entity138 centers also submitted a radiotherapy plan for this benchmark case, which was centrally reviewed against protocol-defined constraints. RESULTS: Twenty-five investigator-defined contours were evaluated. The median JCI and GMI of iGTVs were 0.57 (IQR: 0.51-0.65) and 0.26 (IQR: 0.15-0.40). For iPTVs, these were 0.75 (IQR: 0.71-0.79) and 0.14 (IQR: 0.11-0.22) respectively. Qualitative analysis showed largest variation at the @entity5 edges and failure to recognize a peri-pancreatic lymph node. There were no major protocol deviations in @entity138 planning, but three minor @entity343 coverage deviations were identified. . CONCLUSIONS: SCALOP demonstrated considerable variation in iGTV delineation. RTTQA workshops and real-time central review of delineations are needed in future trials.

title: Comparison of investigator-delineated gross @entity5 volumes and quality assurance in XXXX : Analysis of the pretrial benchmark case for the SCALOP trial.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the variation in investigator-delineated volumes and assess plans from the radiotherapy trial quality assurance (RTTQA) program of SCALOP, a phase II trial in locally advanced @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participating investigators (n=25) outlined a pre-trial benchmark case as per @entity138 protocol, and the accuracy of investigators' GTV (iGTV) and @entity343 (iPTV) was evaluated, against the trials team-defined gold standard GTV (gsGTV) and @entity343 (gsPTV), using both qualitative and geometric analyses. The median Jaccard Conformity Index (JCI) and Geographical Miss Index (GMI) were calculated. Participating @entity138 centers also submitted a radiotherapy plan for this benchmark case, which was centrally reviewed against protocol-defined constraints. RESULTS: Twenty-five investigator-defined contours were evaluated. The median JCI and GMI of iGTVs were 0.57 (IQR: 0.51-0.65) and 0.26 (IQR: 0.15-0.40). For iPTVs, these were 0.75 (IQR: 0.71-0.79) and 0.14 (IQR: 0.11-0.22) respectively. Qualitative analysis showed largest variation at the @entity5 edges and failure to recognize a peri-pancreatic lymph node. There were no major protocol deviations in @entity138 planning, but three minor @entity343 coverage deviations were identified. . CONCLUSIONS: SCALOP demonstrated considerable variation in iGTV delineation. RTTQA workshops and real-time central review of delineations are needed in future trials.

title: Comparison of investigator-delineated gross XXXX volumes and quality assurance in @entity788 : Analysis of the pretrial benchmark case for the SCALOP trial.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: We previously found that a multifaceted outreach intervention achieved 82  % annual adherence to @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). This study assessed adherence to FOBT after a second outreach. METHODS: We followed 225 @entity1 in community health centers in Chicago, Illinois, who were randomized to the intervention group. Our primary analysis focused on 124 @entity1 who completed FOBT during the first outreach and were due again for annual FOBT; 90  % were Latino, 87  % preferred to speak Spanish, and 77  % were uninsured. Second outreach consisted of (1) a mailed reminder letter, a free @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) with postage-paid return envelope, (2) automated phone and text messages, (3) automated reminders 2  weeks later if the @entity1241 was not returned, and (4) a telephone call after 3  months. Our main outcome was completion of @entity1241 within 6  months of the due date. We also analyzed the proportion of the original 225 @entity1 who were fully screened for @entity14 over the 2-year study period. RESULTS: A total of 88.7  % of @entity1 completed a @entity1241 within 6  months of their second outreach. Over the 2  years since the first outreach, 71.6  % of the 225 @entity1 assigned to the intervention group were fully up to date on @entity14 screening, another 11.1  % had been screened suboptimally, and 17.3  % were inadequately screened or not screened. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to achieve high rates of @entity14 screening over a 2-year period for vulnerable populations using outreach with @entity1241 as a primary strategy.

title: Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual XXXX screening in community health centers.

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FIT', 'fecal immunochemical test']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological surveillance is a key activity in @entity311 control and elimination in low-transmission and pre-elimination settings. Hence, sensitive tools for estimating @entity311 force of @entity281 are crucial. Serological markers might provide additional information in estimating force of @entity281 in low-endemic areas along with classical parasite detection methods. Serological markers can be used to estimate recent, past or present @entity311 exposure, depending on the used markers and their half-life. METHODS: An assay based on 14 Plasmodium-specific peptides, one peptide specific for @entity313 saliva protein and five Plasmodium-specific recombinant proteins was developed for the MAGPIX system, assessed for its performance, and applied on blood spots from 2000 individuals collected in the Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia. RESULTS: A significant correlation for the use of 1000 and 2000 beads/antigen/well as well as for the monoplex versus multiplex assay was observed for all antigens (p  <  0.05). For the majority of antigens, antigen-coupled beads were stable for at least 2  months. The assay was very reproducible with limited intercoupling, interplate and intraplate variability (mean RSD <15  %). Estimating seroconversion and seroreversion per antigen using reversible catalytic models and models allowing two seroconversion rates showed higher seroconversion rates in adults. CONCLUSION: The multiplex bead-based immunoassay was successfully implemented and analysis of field blood samples shows that changes detected in force of @entity281 vary according to the serological markers used. Multivariate analysis of the antibody responses and insights into the half-life of antibodies are crucial for improving the interpretation of these results and for identifying the most useful serological markers of past and recent @entity281 .

title: Implementation and application of a multiplex assay to detect XXXX -specific antibodies: a promising tool for assessing @entity311 transmission in Southeast Asian pre-elimination areas.

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological surveillance is a key activity in @entity311 control and elimination in low-transmission and pre-elimination settings. Hence, sensitive tools for estimating @entity311 force of @entity281 are crucial. Serological markers might provide additional information in estimating force of @entity281 in low-endemic areas along with classical parasite detection methods. Serological markers can be used to estimate recent, past or present @entity311 exposure, depending on the used markers and their half-life. METHODS: An assay based on 14 Plasmodium-specific peptides, one peptide specific for @entity313 saliva protein and five Plasmodium-specific recombinant proteins was developed for the MAGPIX system, assessed for its performance, and applied on blood spots from 2000 individuals collected in the Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia. RESULTS: A significant correlation for the use of 1000 and 2000 beads/antigen/well as well as for the monoplex versus multiplex assay was observed for all antigens (p  <  0.05). For the majority of antigens, antigen-coupled beads were stable for at least 2  months. The assay was very reproducible with limited intercoupling, interplate and intraplate variability (mean RSD <15  %). Estimating seroconversion and seroreversion per antigen using reversible catalytic models and models allowing two seroconversion rates showed higher seroconversion rates in adults. CONCLUSION: The multiplex bead-based immunoassay was successfully implemented and analysis of field blood samples shows that changes detected in force of @entity281 vary according to the serological markers used. Multivariate analysis of the antibody responses and insights into the half-life of antibodies are crucial for improving the interpretation of these results and for identifying the most useful serological markers of past and recent @entity281 .

title: Implementation and application of a multiplex assay to detect @entity311 -specific antibodies: a promising tool for assessing XXXX transmission in Southeast Asian pre-elimination areas.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-invasive imaging of @entity298 remains challenging. The aim of this study was to compare positron emission tomography (PET) and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) for the early detection of @entity298 in a @entity19 model. METHODS: Female @entity19 were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1*10(7) HSC45-M2-luc @entity356 cells. The cells were stably transfected with the gene coding for firefly luciferase. @entity5 development was monitored using PET and BLI and in two subgroups, on days 3 and 4 or on days 6 and 7 after @entity5 cell inoculation. @entity5 nodules found on post mortem examination served as the reference standard for evaluating the images. RESULTS: PET detected 58/82 lesions (sensitivity 71  %). This method detected all (100  %) nodules larger than 6  mm, 88  % of nodules in the range of >2-4  mm, and even 58  % of small nodules measuring only 1-2  mm. BLI identified a total of 40/82 lesions (sensitivity 49  %). The difference between PET and BLI was statistically significant at p   <   0.05 (PET/BLI chi-square 8.2). CONCLUSIONS: PET was more sensitive than BLI for the detection of early @entity298 in our @entity19 model. The sensitivity of BLI largely depended on the site of the lesions in relation to the imaging device.

title: Non-invasive XXXX in @entity19 using PET and bioluminescence imaging.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['imaging of implanted peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-invasive imaging of @entity298 remains challenging. The aim of this study was to compare positron emission tomography (PET) and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) for the early detection of @entity298 in a @entity19 model. METHODS: Female @entity19 were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1*10(7) HSC45-M2-luc @entity356 cells. The cells were stably transfected with the gene coding for firefly luciferase. @entity5 development was monitored using PET and BLI and in two subgroups, on days 3 and 4 or on days 6 and 7 after @entity5 cell inoculation. @entity5 nodules found on post mortem examination served as the reference standard for evaluating the images. RESULTS: PET detected 58/82 lesions (sensitivity 71  %). This method detected all (100  %) nodules larger than 6  mm, 88  % of nodules in the range of >2-4  mm, and even 58  % of small nodules measuring only 1-2  mm. BLI identified a total of 40/82 lesions (sensitivity 49  %). The difference between PET and BLI was statistically significant at p   <   0.05 (PET/BLI chi-square 8.2). CONCLUSIONS: PET was more sensitive than BLI for the detection of early @entity298 in our @entity19 model. The sensitivity of BLI largely depended on the site of the lesions in relation to the imaging device.

title: Non-invasive @entity298 in XXXX using PET and bioluminescence imaging.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Comorbidities and risk factors are associated with pediatric @entity1569 . It is unknown whether pediatricians and dermatologists ask about, record, or counsel on pediatric @entity1569 risk factors and comorbidities. The aim of our study was to assess the rate at which pediatricians and dermatologists inquire about, counsel on, and document pediatric @entity1569 risk factors and comorbidities in a stable population. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review from 2011 to 2013 in a large, @entity922 , the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area. @entity1 were @entity1 ages 18 years and younger with @entity1569 . Rates of counseling and screening for pediatric @entity1569 risk factors and comorbidities by pediatricians and dermatologists were determined. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 qualified for the study. Data were collected on body mass index (BMI) and @entity286 exposure. Caregiver counseling rates on these factors were low; 66.7% and 60% did not receive counseling on BMI reduction or family member smoking cessation, respectively. Counseling on stress as a risk factor was performed at only one @entity1 's dermatology visit (3.3%). Lipid panels were collected for 40% of @entity1 and fasting @entity413 levels for 33.3% since the date of first @entity1569 diagnosis. Blood pressure was collected for all @entity1 . Only 13.3% of @entity1 were counseled on the @entity1569 comorbidity @entity407 , 10% on @entity101 , and 3.3% on @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Dermatologists and pediatricians have a low rate of counseling, documenting, and screening for pediatric @entity1569 risk factors and comorbidities, suggesting that @entity1569 comorbidity education is an aspect of the @entity1 visit that may need improvement. Pediatric @entity1569 counseling and screening guidelines are needed.

title: Identifying Performance Gaps in Comorbidity and Risk Factor Screening, Prevention, and Counseling Behaviors of Providers Caring for XXXX with Psoriasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['rural multidisciplinary clinic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) is an alternative treatment for @entity1 with severe @entity472 , inoperable or at high surgical risk. The purpose of this communication is to report the results of the experience of this new technique and compare them with literature. METHODS: Review of 17 @entity1 data with symptomatic severe @entity472 at high surgical risk or inoperable, treated with a transcatheter implantation aortic valve (TAVI) via femoral surgical access with Core Valve (Medtronic, EE.UU.) between September 2013 and July 2014. RESULTS: All @entity1 had severe @entity472 with a mean gradient of 46    14mmHg received CoreValveTM (Medtronic, USA). Half of @entity1 was performed under general anesthesia, the other half with regional and local anesthesia. In-hospital mortality was 11.7% and one @entity204 in follow-up from September 2013 until the time of preparing this report (5.9%).Total mortality at one year follow-up was 17.6%. The technical success rate was 82.4%, with an immediate post-implantation gradient of 5.4    3.4 mmHg. @entity337 I degree was observed in 5 @entity1 (29.4%); 2 @entity1 (11.7%) had @entity337 grade II. Post dilatation was made in 6 @entity1 (35.2%). We did not have any @entity455 . Permanent pacemaker implantation was needed in 6 @entity1 (35.2%). One @entity1 complicated with @entity810 , 2 had in-hospital @entity385 (11.7%), none had need for cardiac surgery; 2 @entity1 had major @entity548 complications that required transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with high surgical risk or inoperable, TAVI is a treatment option that improves life quality, survival and diminsh the need of hospitalizations. There can be some complications and even @entity204 , so that a proper @entity1 selection and a multidisciplinary team is needed and fundamental for a successful procedure.

title: [Experience of transcatheter XXXX in the Central Military Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: PURPOSE: While spinal instrumentations are becoming more common, the advantages of elective spinal implant removal remain ambiguous. We hypothesized that elective implant removal of the posterior spine is beneficial. METHODS: A retrospective study evaluated 137 consecutive @entity130 @entity1 with elective implant removal of the posterior spine. If additional cages were present, they were not removed. Primary outcomes were the change in pre- and post-operative @entity158 , fingertip-floor distance (FFD), and Cobb angles. Some secondary outcomes consisted of complications, @entity717 , and pelvic incidence (PI). Different stabilization approaches and cage sizes were compared. RESULTS: The presence and amount of @entity158 as well as the FFD showed significant improvement. There was no loss of reduction. @entity130 was observed in 9  %, but only 3  % needed revision. @entity4438 were seen only in @entity1 (9  %) that had stand-alone posterior surgery. Larger cages were associated with @entity717 . An increased PI was associated with less post-operative @entity158 and decreased FFD. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity130 @entity1 benefited from elective implant removal of the posterior spine due to lower presence and level of @entity158 , improved function and low revision rates; irrespective of an initial combined or stand-alone posterior approach or varying cage sizes. However, stand-alone posterior instrumentation may be accompanied by increased rates of fascial dehiscence surgeries and larger cages may lead to @entity717 . Increased PI may be associated with @entity158 after spinal implant removal.

title: The benefits of elective spinal implant removal: a retrospective study of 137 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic fascial dehiscences']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability', 'increased work disability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Delayed wound healing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) on postoperative outcome in @entity1 with @entity9292 . METHOD: This prospective study compared clinical and functional outcomes of @entity1 with and without preoperative 3D-EAUS examination 1  year after @entity9292 surgery. @entity1 were prospectively followed and evaluated by a standardized protocol including physical examination, the Wexner Incontinence Score (WIS) and anorectal manometry, at baseline and 1  year after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 196 @entity1 were enrolled. There were no significant differences in demographic and operative parameters, except for operation time, between the two groups. At 1  year follow-up, the overall recurrence rates were 8.8% (9/102) in the 3D-EAUS group and 13.8% (13/94) in the examination under anaesthesia (EUA) group. In the subgroup of @entity1 with complex fistulae, the recurrence rate was numerically lower in the 3D-EAUS group (12.8% vs 22.5%; P  =  0.26). The WIS in the EUA group significantly worsened (0.35      0.94 vs 1.07      1.59; P  =  0.003) with a decreased the number of fully continent @entity1 (82.5% vs 55%; P  =  0.008) while neither the WIS nor the proportion of fully continent @entity1 changed in the 3D-EAUS group. Fewer @entity1 in the 3D-EAUS group developed @entity322 postoperatively (6.7% vs 33.3%; P  =  0.012) and they had better maximum resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure than the EUA group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative use of 3D-EAUS had a favourable impact on the outcome of surgical treatment for anal fistulae, especially in those with @entity9292 . It should be routinely used in the clinical setting.

title: Impact of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound on the outcome of XXXX surgery: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['complex anal fistula', 'anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['anal fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To replicate recent findings indicating that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or @entity572 ( @entity572 ) surgery will substantially reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events among @entity1 with @entity571 . METHODS: A time-stratified, propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted to assess the incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in a UK general population. The study population included individuals ages >= 50 years who had a UK National Health Service READ code diagnosis of @entity626 (to evaluate TKA) or @entity570 (to evaluate @entity572 ) between January 2000 and December 2012. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 who underwent TKA and their matched non-TKA control subjects (each n   = 13,849), 306 @entity1 and 286 control subjects developed @entity583 during the followup. During the first postoperative month, the risk of @entity583 was substantially increased among the TKA group compared with the non-TKA group (hazard ratio [HR] 8.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.11-24.62), and then gradually declined during the subsequent followup. The HR for the risk of @entity583 over the entire followup was 0.98 (95% CI 0.82-1.18). The corresponding HRs for the risk of @entity583 in those who had undergone @entity572 compared with the non- @entity572 group (each n   =   6,063) were 4.33 (95% CI 1.24-15.21) in the first postoperative month and 0.87 (95% CI 0.66-1.15) overall. In analyses using @entity1211 as a positive control outcome, both the first month and overall HRs for the risk of @entity1211 were substantially increased in both the TKA and @entity572 groups. CONCLUSION: These findings provide the first general population-based evidence to indicate that TKA and @entity572 among @entity571 @entity1 are associated with a substantially increased risk of @entity583 during the immediate postoperative period. However, the overall long-term impact of these surgeries was null, unlike the risk of @entity1211 , which remained elevated years after @entity1 had undergone the procedure.

title: Total joint arthroplasty and the risk of XXXX : a general population, propensity score-matched cohort study.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIMS: Several psychosocial factors have been shown to increase the risk of @entity6 . This study investigated the association between structural social support and incidence of @entity6 in @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Data were derived from three population-based MONICA/KORA surveys conducted in 1984-1995 in the Augsburg region (southern Germany) and followed up by 2009. The study population comprised 8952 @entity1 (4669 @entity1 /4283 @entity1 ) aged 30-74  years without @entity6 at baseline. Structural social support was assessed using the Social Network Index. Sex-specific hazard ratios were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Within follow-up, 904 incident @entity6 cases (558 @entity1 , 346 @entity1 ) were observed. Crude incidence rates for @entity6 per 10  000  @entity1 -years were substantially higher in poor compared with good structural social support ( @entity1 : 94 vs. 69, @entity1 : 58 vs. 43). After adjustment for age, survey, parental history of @entity6 , smoking status, @entity285 intake, physical activity, @entity101 , dyslipidaemia, BMI, education, sleep complaints and @entity308 mood, risk of @entity6 for @entity1 with poor compared with good structural social support was 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI)  =  1.11-1.55] in @entity1 and 1.10 (95% CI  =  0.88-1.37) in @entity1 . Stratified analyses revealed a hazard ratio of 1.50 (95% CI  =  1.23-1.83) in @entity1 with a low level of education and 0.87 (95% CI  =  0.62-1.22) in @entity1 with a high level of education (P for interaction: 0.0082). CONCLUSIONS: Poor structural social support is associated with @entity6 in @entity1 . This association is independent of risk factors at baseline and is particularly pronounced in @entity1 with a low level of education. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Poor structural social support is associated with an increased risk of XXXX : findings from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type  2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type  2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of high-volume image-guided injection in the middle term in @entity1 with @entity924 . DESIGN: Case series study; Level of evidence, 4. SETTING: All tertiary referrals, public, and private healthcare. @entity1 : Forty-four @entity1 (41 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) with diagnosis of @entity924 were included. INTERVENTION: Tendon injection of a mixture of 10 mL of 0.5% @entity1341 , 62   500 international units of aprotinin, and 40 mL of normal saline solution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-patellar tendon (VISA-P), visual analogue scale, and Roles and Maudsley were assessed at baseline and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: The baseline VISA-P score of 46    18.2 (range, 28-75) improved to 75.3    19.2 (range, 68-100) by 15 months (P = 0.003). The mean pain visual analogue scale changed from 91 mm (range, 66-92 mm) before the injection to 28 mm (2-52 mm) (P = 0.01). Of 32 physically active @entity1 , 23 (72%) had returned to sport at the same level practiced before the onset of symptoms. Thirty-five of the 44 @entity1 (80%) rated their condition as good or excellent. CONCLUSIONS: High-volume injection at the interface between the deep surface of the @entity924 improves in the short-term symptoms and function of the knee. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This procedure is minimally invasive, safe, and effective in the short term in athletes.

title: High-Volume Image-Guided Injection for Recalcitrant XXXX in Athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['patellar tendon and Hoffa body', 'recalcitrant patellar tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Patellar Tendinopathy']


abstract: @entity6237 , a new antiarrhythmic agent, was given orally to 11 hospitalized @entity1 with chronic high-frequency @entity1540 . Drug effectiveness was evaluated with a dose-ranging single-blind protocol, which included placebo control and washout periods. Twice-daily dosing (average daily dose 436 mg) completely suppressed all @entity1540 activity in five of 11 @entity1 ; average suppression in the 11 @entity1 was 96.3%. Complex @entity943 , which were present in all 11 @entity1 during the placebo control period, were completely suppressed in eight @entity1 and markedly suppressed in the other three @entity1 during @entity6237 therapy. Ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening measured by M-mode echocardiography did not change significantly during @entity6237 dosing. @entity943 returned in all @entity1 during the placebo washout period. During subsequent outpatient therapy with @entity6237 , significant suppression was present after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (94.4% and 93.3%, respectively). Drug elimination was slow (average plasma half-life 20 hours). Ninety-five percent suppression of @entity1540 during dosing and 5% reappearance of @entity943 during washout occurred with @entity6237 concentrations of 200-800 ng/ml. Side effects occurred in five of 11 @entity1 , but did not require discontinuation of the drug. These results indicate that @entity6237 is a very effective antiarrhythmic agent that merits further clinical investigation.

title: Suppression of @entity1540 by XXXX , a new antiarrhythmic agent.

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide', 'Flecainide acetate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic', 'ventricular ectopic depolarization', 'ventricular ectopic depolarizations']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide acetate']


abstract: @entity6237 , a new antiarrhythmic agent, was given orally to 11 hospitalized @entity1 with chronic high-frequency @entity1540 . Drug effectiveness was evaluated with a dose-ranging single-blind protocol, which included placebo control and washout periods. Twice-daily dosing (average daily dose 436 mg) completely suppressed all @entity1540 activity in five of 11 @entity1 ; average suppression in the 11 @entity1 was 96.3%. Complex @entity943 , which were present in all 11 @entity1 during the placebo control period, were completely suppressed in eight @entity1 and markedly suppressed in the other three @entity1 during @entity6237 therapy. Ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening measured by M-mode echocardiography did not change significantly during @entity6237 dosing. @entity943 returned in all @entity1 during the placebo washout period. During subsequent outpatient therapy with @entity6237 , significant suppression was present after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (94.4% and 93.3%, respectively). Drug elimination was slow (average plasma half-life 20 hours). Ninety-five percent suppression of @entity1540 during dosing and 5% reappearance of @entity943 during washout occurred with @entity6237 concentrations of 200-800 ng/ml. Side effects occurred in five of 11 @entity1 , but did not require discontinuation of the drug. These results indicate that @entity6237 is a very effective antiarrhythmic agent that merits further clinical investigation.

title: Suppression of XXXX by @entity6237 , a new antiarrhythmic agent.

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['ventricular ectopic depolarizations']


abstract: The value for the slope of the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure-dimension and pressure-volume relations has been proposed as a quantitative measure of the LV inotropic state. This measure of LV inotropic state is attractive because it is independent of preload and incorporates afterload. To investigate the sensitivity of the slope of these relations to alterations in contractile state, 10 normal subjects were studied using M-mode echocardiographic, phonocardiographic and indirect carotid pulse recordings during infusion of @entity7202 to alter end-systolic pressure and during infusion of @entity452 (5 micrograms/kg/min) to increase LV inotropic state. Heart rate was maintained within a narrow range for each subject. End-systolic volume was calculated from end-systolic echocardiographic dimension by standard methods. End-systolic pressure was estimated from the dicrotic notch pressure determined from a calibrated carotid pulse recording; peak systolic pressure was also measured. Regardless of the method of approximating end-systolic pressure, the positive inotropic intervention caused a leftward shift in the end-systolic pressure-dimension and pressure-volume lines. With the @entity452 infusion, the value for the slope of the end-systolic pressure-dimension relation increased by 25% (range 16-46%, p less than 0.001), while the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation increased by 55% (range 37-85%, p less than 0.001). In all cases, the curves were linear and became steeper with the positive inotropic intervention. In contrast, the value of the slope of the peak systolic pressure-end-systolic dimension relation showed a variable response to the @entity452 infusion (mean change 13%, range -77% to 73%; NS). Although the position of the peak systolic pressure-end-systolic dimension curve is consistently shifted with an alteration in inotropic state, the values of the slope of these curves are not reliable indicators of change in LV contractility. The values for the slope of the line relating end-systolic pressure (estimated by dicrotic notch pressure) to end-systolic dimension or volume, however, are highly sensitive to a change in inotropic state in @entity1 subjects.

title: Sensitivity of end-systolic pressure-dimension and pressure-volume relations to the inotropic state in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Intermittent aortic root infusion of a cold solution containing either @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ) or @entity3988 was performed in 32 @entity235 during a 2-hour aortic clamping. Half of the @entity235 in each group had a critical @entity850 created on the circumflex artery before cardiopulmonary bypass. Global left ventricular (LV) function was determined 1 hour after bypass by means of LV pressure, peak dP/dt, LV end-diastolic pressure, cardiac and @entity64 work indexes. Regional function was assessed through microcrystals in the areas of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries. LV pressure decreased in all @entity235 , but more so with the @entity4338 solution (p = 0.02). The @entity850 had no specific effect on LV pressure, but affected peak positive dP/dt (p = 0.007) and LV end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.0001). Cardiac and @entity64 work indexes decreased more in the @entity4338 group than in the @entity3988 group (p less than 0.002) with or without @entity850 . Both positive and negative dP/dt were affected by the type of solution (a greater decrease with @entity4338 ), but the narrowing affected only the positive dP/dt. Regional LV function remained unchanged in the absence of a narrowing and was depressed equally in @entity235 with a narrowing whether they received @entity4338 or @entity3988 . Overall LV function appeared to be better preserved with @entity3988 , with or without impairment of circumflex flow.

title: Myocardial protection through cold cardioplegia with potassium or @entity3988 . Experimental evidence that @entity3988 provides better protection even when coronary flow is impaired by a critical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Intermittent aortic root infusion of a cold solution containing either @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ) or @entity3988 was performed in 32 @entity235 during a 2-hour aortic clamping. Half of the @entity235 in each group had a critical @entity850 created on the circumflex artery before cardiopulmonary bypass. Global left ventricular (LV) function was determined 1 hour after bypass by means of LV pressure, peak dP/dt, LV end-diastolic pressure, cardiac and @entity64 work indexes. Regional function was assessed through microcrystals in the areas of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries. LV pressure decreased in all @entity235 , but more so with the @entity4338 solution (p = 0.02). The @entity850 had no specific effect on LV pressure, but affected peak positive dP/dt (p = 0.007) and LV end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.0001). Cardiac and @entity64 work indexes decreased more in the @entity4338 group than in the @entity3988 group (p less than 0.002) with or without @entity850 . Both positive and negative dP/dt were affected by the type of solution (a greater decrease with @entity4338 ), but the narrowing affected only the positive dP/dt. Regional LV function remained unchanged in the absence of a narrowing and was depressed equally in @entity235 with a narrowing whether they received @entity4338 or @entity3988 . Overall LV function appeared to be better preserved with @entity3988 , with or without impairment of circumflex flow.

title: Myocardial protection through cold cardioplegia with potassium or XXXX . Experimental evidence that @entity3988 provides better protection even when coronary flow is impaired by a critical @entity850 .

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: Intermittent aortic root infusion of a cold solution containing either @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ) or @entity3988 was performed in 32 @entity235 during a 2-hour aortic clamping. Half of the @entity235 in each group had a critical @entity850 created on the circumflex artery before cardiopulmonary bypass. Global left ventricular (LV) function was determined 1 hour after bypass by means of LV pressure, peak dP/dt, LV end-diastolic pressure, cardiac and @entity64 work indexes. Regional function was assessed through microcrystals in the areas of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries. LV pressure decreased in all @entity235 , but more so with the @entity4338 solution (p = 0.02). The @entity850 had no specific effect on LV pressure, but affected peak positive dP/dt (p = 0.007) and LV end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.0001). Cardiac and @entity64 work indexes decreased more in the @entity4338 group than in the @entity3988 group (p less than 0.002) with or without @entity850 . Both positive and negative dP/dt were affected by the type of solution (a greater decrease with @entity4338 ), but the narrowing affected only the positive dP/dt. Regional LV function remained unchanged in the absence of a narrowing and was depressed equally in @entity235 with a narrowing whether they received @entity4338 or @entity3988 . Overall LV function appeared to be better preserved with @entity3988 , with or without impairment of circumflex flow.

title: Myocardial protection through cold cardioplegia with potassium or @entity3988 . Experimental evidence that XXXX provides better protection even when coronary flow is impaired by a critical @entity850 .

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that 5 - 10% of @entity565 @entity1 suffer from severe @entity565 . Severe @entity565 is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. These @entity1 are not controlled with currently available treatments and therefore additional treatment options are needed. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and different @entity565 @entity1 groups probably have different underlying pathophysiology. Novel therapies with, for example, monoclonal antibodies that target certain immunological pathways have become available. These novel treatments are not effective in all @entity1 but only in certain phenotypes. Areas covered: This review covers the current evidence and novel developments in treatment with monoclonal antibodies in different @entity565 phenotypes. This includes monoclonal antibodies against IgE, against @entity225 and antibodies targeting @entity4047 pathways. Although there is a certain overlap between @entity1 groups benefiting from these treatments, a more detailed identification of responder profiles for these therapies is needed for personalized therapy. Expert opinion: In recent years, novel monoclonal antibodies have been developed, which are a promising addition to existing therapy in the treatment of severe @entity565 with @entity32 and Th2-driven disease. We expect that several of the new antibodies will become available for clinical practice. In addition, it must be acknowledged that so far no effective strategies are available for @entity1 with non-eosinophilic @entity565 and further research and development is necessary for this @entity1 group.

title: Treatment of severe XXXX : entering the era of targeted therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: One method used to examine the relationship between behavioral strategies and anatomical adaptation is to study the results of mechanical stress associated with a given behavior and compare this with skeletal adaptations to other behaviors. This comparative approach is appropriate for highlighting combinations of features that are specializations to specific types of behavior. The purpose of this paper is to compare femoral mechanics in @entity40269 with previously collected data for macaques and @entity1 as a basis for discussing structural adaptations in the primate hindlimb to leaping. The stiffness and load carrying capabilities of the femoral diaphyses of 27 @entity40269 were analyzed using the SCADS computer program. The data suggest that the galago femur is well adapted to sustain large sagittal plane compressive loads rather than large bending loads. The straightness of the femoral shaft and large midshaft area moments of inertia prevent buckling from these large compressive loads. Calculations indicate that the ratio of critical buckling load to body weight in galago is 31 times that in macaques and 55 times that in @entity1 . The femur of this saltatory primate is morphologically adapted to resist buckling when subjected to large compressive loads, while those of macaques and @entity1 are better adapted to resist bending moments caused by ground reaction forces acting on the extended limb. The differences between galago on the one hand and macaques and @entity1 on the other suggest that relatively smaller moments about the hip and relatively larger moments about the knee accompany more quadrupedal and bipedal walking, while habitual leaping is associated with relatively larger moments about the hip. These data reinforce the apparent similarity of the mechanical effects of quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion on the femur and dissimilarity with femoral mechanics in habitually saltatory primates.

title: Femoral mechanics in the lesser bushbaby ( XXXX ): structural adaptations to leaping in primates.

entities_list: @entity40269 :: ('9465', 'Species') :: ['G. senegalensis', 'Galago senegalensis']

answer: @entity40269 :: (9465,Species) :: ['Galago senegalensis']


abstract: Effects of dissociative anesthesia on cardiovascular dynamics and respiration were investigated in @entity2608 to determine its use in nonhuman primates for restraint and minor surgical procedures. Respiration was spontaneous, and premedicants or anesthetic adjuvants were not used. Two doses of the anesthetic were administered (IM): 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg. Depressant effects were observed in all variables initially; some cardiovascular variables eventually exceeded preinjection values after the higher (3.0 mg/kg) dose level. At a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, significant @entity308 in @entity296 persisted for 20 minutes, and at 3.0 mg/kg for 50 minutes. @entity64 volume was minimally affected initially, although significant increases occurred at 40 and 50 minutes after the 3.0 mg/kg injections. Heart rate was @entity308 by 5% and 7% in the animals given the small and large doses. Values were within control levels by 90 minutes after the anesthetic was injected, except respiratory rate and body temperature. We conclude that the dissociative anesthetic used produces neither marked nor prolonged cardiovascular effects. Since cardiovascular effects are absent by 90 minutes after the anesthetic was injected, dissociative anesthesia is a desirable technique for minor surgical procedures and restraint, especially before physiologic studies.

title: Cardiodynamics in the XXXX during dissociative anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaque']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The risk of @entity65 and mortality is significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity6 ; thus, it is important to determine whether @entity413 -lowering therapy affects this risk over time. Changes in cardiovascular risk markers were examined in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 treated with exenatide twice daily (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) or @entity16024 (a @entity5736 ) added to @entity2449 in the EURopean EXenAtide (EUREXA) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 failing @entity2449 were randomized to add-on exenatide twice daily (n  =  515) or @entity16024 (n  =  514) until treatment failure defined by hemoglobin @entity3916 . Anthropomorphic measures, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) over time were evaluated. RESULTS: Over 36  months, twice-daily exenatide was associated with improved body weight (-3.9  kg), waist circumference (-3.6  cm), systolic/diastolic BP (-2.5/-2.6  mmHg), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 (0.05  mmol/L), @entity1674 (-0.2  mmol/L), and hsCRP (-1.7  mg/L). Heart rate did not increase (-0.3 beats/minute), and low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (0.2  mmol/L) and total @entity165 (0.1  mmol/L) increased slightly. Between-group differences were significantly in favor of exenatide for body weight (P  <  0.0001), waist circumference (P  <  0.001), systolic BP (P  <  0.001), diastolic BP (P  =  0.023), HDL- @entity165 (P  =  0.001), and hsCRP (P  =  0.004). Fewer @entity1 randomized to exenatide twice daily versus @entity16024 required the addition of at least one antihypertensive (20.4 vs 26.4  %; P  =  0.026) or lipid-lowering medication (8.4 vs 12.8  %; P  =  0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on exenatide twice daily was associated with significant, sustained improvement in several cardiovascular risk markers in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 versus @entity16024 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00359762, http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov.

title: Long-term changes in cardiovascular risk markers during administration of exenatide twice daily or XXXX : results from the European exenatide study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16024 :: ('MESH:C057619', 'Chemical') :: ['glimepiride']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity16024 :: (MESH:C057619,Chemical) :: ['glimepiride']


abstract: @entity5636 cases which had been notified by doctors and confirmed after investigations were followed up by the Industrial Health Division. Up to August 1981, a total of 313 @entity1 were confirmed as having the disease. Of these, 59 had died. The majority of these 59 @entity1 had had their @entity3440 exposure in the granite quarries. 13 had been exposed to "rubber powder" which contained a high percentage of free @entity3440 . 52 of those who died were male, and their average age at death was 60.87 years. This did not appear to be significantly shorter than their life expectancy of 65.1 years. But the average age of death for the 7 @entity1 was 58.86 years, which was much shorter than their life expectancy of 70 years. Many of the @entity1 died from causes unrelated to @entity5636 . But 6 of the 7 @entity1 had @entity82 ( @entity82 ) and they apparently died of the disease or complications arising from it.

title: A profile of XXXX cases who died.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['PMF', 'progressive massive fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis', 'Silicosis']

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['silicosis']


abstract: 71 @entity1 with an @entity64 were studied. The @entity1 were separated into two groups on the basis of the results of clinical investigation, computed tomography and psychological testing (WAIS). 40 @entity1 showed an early @entity303 and 31 were without @entity73 . The mean age was 57 years in the demented group and 54 years in the non-demented group. The mean duration of the history of @entity66 was also not statistically different in both groups. The frequency of @entity64 was identical since 50% of the @entity1 in both groups had more than one @entity64 . The history of neurological symptoms together with the @entity51 seen on admission were distributed evenly. The dominant hemisphere was more often diseased in the demented group. Bilateral symptoms were also more common in the @entity64 @entity1 . The WAIS showed a similar IQ in both groups but the deterioration index was significantly altered in the demented group. @entity101 was the only risk factor which differed between both groups. @entity299 , @entity6 , viscosity and @entity2002 did not differ in both groups. The CT showed more normal scans in the non-demented group, the distribution of @entity194 on its own and @entity1188 in the left or right hemisphere were both inconclusive, whilst @entity1 with @entity1188 were more common in the @entity303 group. Also, generalised @entity194 in combination with an @entity1188 was found more often in the demented @entity1 .

title: Clinical factors associated with @entity303 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'demented stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mental impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: 71 @entity1 with an @entity64 were studied. The @entity1 were separated into two groups on the basis of the results of clinical investigation, computed tomography and psychological testing (WAIS). 40 @entity1 showed an early @entity303 and 31 were without @entity73 . The mean age was 57 years in the demented group and 54 years in the non-demented group. The mean duration of the history of @entity66 was also not statistically different in both groups. The frequency of @entity64 was identical since 50% of the @entity1 in both groups had more than one @entity64 . The history of neurological symptoms together with the @entity51 seen on admission were distributed evenly. The dominant hemisphere was more often diseased in the demented group. Bilateral symptoms were also more common in the @entity64 @entity1 . The WAIS showed a similar IQ in both groups but the deterioration index was significantly altered in the demented group. @entity101 was the only risk factor which differed between both groups. @entity299 , @entity6 , viscosity and @entity2002 did not differ in both groups. The CT showed more normal scans in the non-demented group, the distribution of @entity194 on its own and @entity1188 in the left or right hemisphere were both inconclusive, whilst @entity1 with @entity1188 were more common in the @entity303 group. Also, generalised @entity194 in combination with an @entity1188 was found more often in the demented @entity1 .

title: Clinical factors associated with XXXX in @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']