abstract: BACKGROUND: As the concept of health in Chinese @entity1 with @entity102 had not been previously explored, a scale to measure this concept in this client group was developed. OBJECTIVE: To develop and test the psychometric integrity of the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) for use with Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: Previous nursing experience and a literature review were used to inform the initial development of the @entity2653 . It was revised following scrutiny by a panel of experts. Two studies tested the psychometric integrity of the scale. In Study One the data gathered from 80 Chinese @entity1 with a @entity102 were subjected to item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. In Study Two, with a convenience sample of 372 chronically ill Chinese @entity1 , confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Instrument analysis in Study One resulted in a 34-item scale with a Cronbach alpha of 0.94. The results of an exploratory factor analysis showed that physical, psychosocial, and spiritual factors were represented by the @entity2653 . The hypothesized model of the @entity2653 was tested in Study Two using confirmatory factor analyses. The results of this study indicated that the concept of health was comprised of six first-order and three second-order factors. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that Chinese @entity1 with @entity102 held a broad frame of reference in gauging the concept of health. The development of the @entity2653 brings us one step closer to understanding how Chinese @entity1 with @entity102 regard the concept of health.

title: The concept of health scale: developed for Chinese @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Concept of Health Scale', 'CHS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the concept of health in Chinese @entity1 with @entity102 had not been previously explored, a scale to measure this concept in this client group was developed. OBJECTIVE: To develop and test the psychometric integrity of the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) for use with Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: Previous nursing experience and a literature review were used to inform the initial development of the @entity2653 . It was revised following scrutiny by a panel of experts. Two studies tested the psychometric integrity of the scale. In Study One the data gathered from 80 Chinese @entity1 with a @entity102 were subjected to item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. In Study Two, with a convenience sample of 372 chronically ill Chinese @entity1 , confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Instrument analysis in Study One resulted in a 34-item scale with a Cronbach alpha of 0.94. The results of an exploratory factor analysis showed that physical, psychosocial, and spiritual factors were represented by the @entity2653 . The hypothesized model of the @entity2653 was tested in Study Two using confirmatory factor analyses. The results of this study indicated that the concept of health was comprised of six first-order and three second-order factors. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that Chinese @entity1 with @entity102 held a broad frame of reference in gauging the concept of health. The development of the @entity2653 brings us one step closer to understanding how Chinese @entity1 with @entity102 regard the concept of health.

title: The concept of health scale: developed for Chinese XXXX with @entity102 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: We have studied the incidence of internal @entity5 on @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ). This incidence has been compared to expected number of @entity5 in that population by a precise statistical analysis. Two-hundred and eighty-three @entity957 confirmed by histology are diagnosed on 235 @entity1 (159 @entity1 , 76 @entity1 ). These @entity1 have been followed between December 1970 and November 1982 at the specialized consultation on cutaneous @entity5 . We have examined all these @entity1 , questioned their doctors, consulted their medical case history, to search an internal @entity5 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had a @entity5 : this @entity5 has been found 11 times before and 17 times at the same time or after @entity957 . These 17 @entity5 are the only statistically interesting cases. The annual incidence of @entity5 related to age and sex has been evaluated by consulting French registers. The French incidence has been compared to foreign incidences. This incidence enables us to calculate the expected observed numbers (12 and 5). The expected numbers are 9.15 for @entity1 and 2.1 for @entity1 . These numbers are not statistically different from observed numbers (12 and 5). The incidence of internal @entity5 on @entity1 with @entity957 is not different from the incidence of general population.

title: [Cutaneous prickle-cell epitheliomas and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['visceral cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: A relatively high prevalence of @entity4531 has been recently reported in a substantial proportion of @entity1 affected with @entity164 . Our aim was to investigate whether there is a common genetic etiology between @entity4531 and @entity164 . DESIGN: Systematic differences in the number of @entity164 trinucleotide repeat were investigated by means of an association study. The relationship between the size of the expanded alleles and several clinical features was also considered. @entity1 AND SETTING: 125 extensively characterized @entity4531 @entity1 compared with 188 healthy controls matched for ethnic background. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: No CAG repeat expansions in the pathologic or intermediate range were detected in any of the examined subjects, including @entity1 and controls. A similar allelic distribution was observed in both groups (Mann-Whitney U test = 78406; P = 0.99). Moreover, stratification analyses of the @entity1 ' samples according to different clinical and polysomnographic variables disclosed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not provide evidence toward an involvement of large CAG trinucleotide expansions at the @entity164 locus in idiopathic @entity4531 .

title: Analysis of CAG repeat expansions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia type 3']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'restless legs syndrome symptoms']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: Inhibition of microsomal @entity3009 (PG) biosynthesis by allantoic fluid, obtained from ewes at 80-120 days of gestation, was examined. Inhibition of cotyledonary microsomal @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha biosynthesis by lyophilized allantoic fluid occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of allantoic fluid required to inhibit @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha production by 50% averaged 17.9 +/- 3.2 (S.E.M.) mg dry weight/ml (n = 5). Microsomal PG biosynthesis was markedly enhanced by the addition of @entity1426 (30 mumol/l). Synthesis of @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha was increased to 245 +/- 65% and 184 +/- 14% of control (P less than 0.05, n = 5) respectively. Treatment of cotyledonary microsomes with porcine @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ; 0.125 units/ml) also stimulated PG synthesis, @entity1421 increasing to 216 +/- 27% and PGF2 alpha to 172 +/- 14% of control (P less than 0.05, n = 5) respectively. Allantoic fluid (20 mg dry weight/ml) inhibited @entity1426 -stimulated PG synthesis ( @entity1421 by 48.6 +/- 13.8% and PGF2 alpha by 44.2 +/- 7.7%) and @entity3900 -stimulated PG synthesis ( @entity1421 by 60.6 +/- 11.6% and PGF2 alpha by 74.8 +/- 8.5%). Allantoic fluid, however, did not affect @entity3900 -stimulated release of @entity1426 from microsomes, thus negating the possibility that allantoic fluid suppresses PG synthesis by inhibiting @entity3900 activity. These data indicate that allantoic fluid inhibits PG production at the level of PG synthase enzymes. @entity3009 inhibitor(s) in allantoic fluid may play a role in maintaining uterine quiescence throughout gestation and its withdrawal, at term, may be involved in the initiation of labour.

title: Ovine allantoic fluid inhibition of XXXX synthesis in cotyledonary microsomes.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin', 'prostaglandin']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: Gout and classical @entity309 rarely coexist. We report a @entity1 with strong evidence for both these diseases. Possible reasons for the negative correlation between these diseases are summarised. One hypothesis suggests inhibition of surface activity of @entity414 crystals (MSU) by binding of rheumatoid factor ( @entity19577 ). This was studied with a purified @entity309 factor ( @entity19577 ) with specificity for IgG. The @entity19577 bound preferentially to MSU coated with IgG in contrast with the IgM control. Inhibition of the neutrophil chemiluminescence (CL) response to IgG-coated MSU was observed at concentrations of @entity19577 that had no effect on the CL response to uncoated crystals. Neutrophil activation was not altered by coating crystals with an IgM control at the same concentration. These data suggest that @entity19577 may bind to antigenic determinants on exposed Fc of adsorbed IgG and block the interaction of crystal-bound IgG with Fc receptors. Although @entity8038 by @entity19577 may modify the expression of @entity3811 , it is unlikely to be the sole explanation for the dissociation between gout and @entity309 .

title: Studies on the interaction of rheumatoid factor with @entity414 crystals and case report of coexistent tophaceous gout and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['crystal coating']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'monoclonal rheumatoid', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium urate']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Gout and classical @entity309 rarely coexist. We report a @entity1 with strong evidence for both these diseases. Possible reasons for the negative correlation between these diseases are summarised. One hypothesis suggests inhibition of surface activity of @entity414 crystals (MSU) by binding of rheumatoid factor ( @entity19577 ). This was studied with a purified @entity309 factor ( @entity19577 ) with specificity for IgG. The @entity19577 bound preferentially to MSU coated with IgG in contrast with the IgM control. Inhibition of the neutrophil chemiluminescence (CL) response to IgG-coated MSU was observed at concentrations of @entity19577 that had no effect on the CL response to uncoated crystals. Neutrophil activation was not altered by coating crystals with an IgM control at the same concentration. These data suggest that @entity19577 may bind to antigenic determinants on exposed Fc of adsorbed IgG and block the interaction of crystal-bound IgG with Fc receptors. Although @entity8038 by @entity19577 may modify the expression of @entity3811 , it is unlikely to be the sole explanation for the dissociation between gout and @entity309 .

title: Studies on the interaction of rheumatoid factor with XXXX crystals and case report of coexistent tophaceous gout and @entity309 .

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['monosodium urate']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity9229 in @entity699 ( @entity699 ) remains controversial. The experience is limited to case reports and few open studies that report the effects determined after >= 1 month of treatment. In @entity2013 and @entity935 -responsive GH-secreting @entity5 , effects of @entity9229 are seen within days or weeks. Here, we searched for short-term effects of @entity9229 in @entity699 . DESIGN: Twenty @entity1 (19 na  ve and one recurrent) were included in a prospective study. @entity9229 was administered in increasing doses of 0.5-5mg/week over 6 weeks. METHODS: Urinary free @entity701 (UFC) 24h, morning @entity701 and ACTH, and salivary @entity701 at 0800, 1600 and 2300h were determined once weekly throughout. Diurnal curves (six samples) of serum @entity701 were measured at start and end. RESULTS: At study end, the median @entity9229 dose was 5mg, range 2.5-5mg/week. The prolactin levels, markers of compliance, were suppressed in all @entity1 . During the treatment, @entity699 varied, gradual and dose-dependent reductions were not seen. Five @entity1 had a >50% decrease of UFC, three had a >50% rise of UFC. Salivary @entity701 at 2300h showed a congruent >50% change with UFC in two of the five cases with decreased UFC, and in one of the three cases with increased UFC. One @entity1 with decreases in both UFC and 2300h salivary @entity701 also had a reduction in diurnal serum @entity701 during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9229 seems to be of little value in the management of @entity699 . Only one @entity1 had a response-like pattern. Given the known variability of disease activity in @entity699 , this might represent a chance finding.

title: Limited value of @entity9229 in XXXX : a prospective study of a 6-week treatment in 20 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabergoline', 'cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity9229 in @entity699 ( @entity699 ) remains controversial. The experience is limited to case reports and few open studies that report the effects determined after >= 1 month of treatment. In @entity2013 and @entity935 -responsive GH-secreting @entity5 , effects of @entity9229 are seen within days or weeks. Here, we searched for short-term effects of @entity9229 in @entity699 . DESIGN: Twenty @entity1 (19 na  ve and one recurrent) were included in a prospective study. @entity9229 was administered in increasing doses of 0.5-5mg/week over 6 weeks. METHODS: Urinary free @entity701 (UFC) 24h, morning @entity701 and ACTH, and salivary @entity701 at 0800, 1600 and 2300h were determined once weekly throughout. Diurnal curves (six samples) of serum @entity701 were measured at start and end. RESULTS: At study end, the median @entity9229 dose was 5mg, range 2.5-5mg/week. The prolactin levels, markers of compliance, were suppressed in all @entity1 . During the treatment, @entity699 varied, gradual and dose-dependent reductions were not seen. Five @entity1 had a >50% decrease of UFC, three had a >50% rise of UFC. Salivary @entity701 at 2300h showed a congruent >50% change with UFC in two of the five cases with decreased UFC, and in one of the three cases with increased UFC. One @entity1 with decreases in both UFC and 2300h salivary @entity701 also had a reduction in diurnal serum @entity701 during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9229 seems to be of little value in the management of @entity699 . Only one @entity1 had a response-like pattern. Given the known variability of disease activity in @entity699 , this might represent a chance finding.

title: Limited value of XXXX in @entity699 : a prospective study of a 6-week treatment in 20 @entity1 .

answer: @entity9229 :: (MESH:C047047,Chemical) :: ['cabergoline']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity9229 in @entity699 ( @entity699 ) remains controversial. The experience is limited to case reports and few open studies that report the effects determined after >= 1 month of treatment. In @entity2013 and @entity935 -responsive GH-secreting @entity5 , effects of @entity9229 are seen within days or weeks. Here, we searched for short-term effects of @entity9229 in @entity699 . DESIGN: Twenty @entity1 (19 na  ve and one recurrent) were included in a prospective study. @entity9229 was administered in increasing doses of 0.5-5mg/week over 6 weeks. METHODS: Urinary free @entity701 (UFC) 24h, morning @entity701 and ACTH, and salivary @entity701 at 0800, 1600 and 2300h were determined once weekly throughout. Diurnal curves (six samples) of serum @entity701 were measured at start and end. RESULTS: At study end, the median @entity9229 dose was 5mg, range 2.5-5mg/week. The prolactin levels, markers of compliance, were suppressed in all @entity1 . During the treatment, @entity699 varied, gradual and dose-dependent reductions were not seen. Five @entity1 had a >50% decrease of UFC, three had a >50% rise of UFC. Salivary @entity701 at 2300h showed a congruent >50% change with UFC in two of the five cases with decreased UFC, and in one of the three cases with increased UFC. One @entity1 with decreases in both UFC and 2300h salivary @entity701 also had a reduction in diurnal serum @entity701 during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9229 seems to be of little value in the management of @entity699 . Only one @entity1 had a response-like pattern. Given the known variability of disease activity in @entity699 , this might represent a chance finding.

title: Limited value of @entity9229 in @entity699 : a prospective study of a 6-week treatment in 20 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many different @entity5 have been reported to occur simultaneously as collision lesions. To date, no such events have been reported between @entity3217 fungoides (MFs) and @entity5 . METHODS: Two cases are presented in which patches of MF were superimposed on @entity8205 . In addition, 967 biopsies of MF from 411 @entity1 were identified in an 8-year retrospective database search. @entity1 pathology history summaries were reviewed to identify inflamed nevi, @entity7174 , and @entity320 submitted for histologic evaluation from this population. RESULTS: The occurrence of MF in a @entity7174 was associated with a halo phenomenon restricted to the affected region of the @entity7174 in one @entity1 . In the other @entity1 , nests of two morphologies (lymphocytic and melanocytic) in the same biopsy presented a potentially confusing histologic picture. No other cases of MF superimposed on a @entity7174 were identified in 967 biopsies from 411 @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of MF seen over the past 8 years. In this population, 57 biopsies of @entity75 were identified from 28 @entity1 , including three @entity7174 and three @entity320 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MF superimposed on a @entity7174 is rare and may lead to confounding histologic features or the development of a halo @entity7174 phenomenon.

title: Histologic features of XXXX seen in association with @entity3217 fungoides.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['atypical nevi', 'congenital nevus', 'nevus']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['melanocytic nevi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many different @entity5 have been reported to occur simultaneously as collision lesions. To date, no such events have been reported between @entity3217 fungoides (MFs) and @entity5 . METHODS: Two cases are presented in which patches of MF were superimposed on @entity8205 . In addition, 967 biopsies of MF from 411 @entity1 were identified in an 8-year retrospective database search. @entity1 pathology history summaries were reviewed to identify inflamed nevi, @entity7174 , and @entity320 submitted for histologic evaluation from this population. RESULTS: The occurrence of MF in a @entity7174 was associated with a halo phenomenon restricted to the affected region of the @entity7174 in one @entity1 . In the other @entity1 , nests of two morphologies (lymphocytic and melanocytic) in the same biopsy presented a potentially confusing histologic picture. No other cases of MF superimposed on a @entity7174 were identified in 967 biopsies from 411 @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of MF seen over the past 8 years. In this population, 57 biopsies of @entity75 were identified from 28 @entity1 , including three @entity7174 and three @entity320 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MF superimposed on a @entity7174 is rare and may lead to confounding histologic features or the development of a halo @entity7174 phenomenon.

title: Histologic features of @entity8205 seen in association with XXXX fungoides.

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['mycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment guidelines for @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) propose to switch @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in case of refractoriness. However, no controlled research has been published yet that prospectively examined the effects of changing SRIs. This article describes the first double-blind switch study of 2 SRIs in @entity1 with @entity3119 . METHOD: 150 @entity1 with primary @entity3119 , according to DSM-IV criteria, were randomly assigned in a 12-week, double-blind trial to receive dosages titrated upward to 300 mg/day of @entity906 (N = 75) or 60 mg/day of @entity903 (N = 75). Primary efficacy was assessed by the change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and nonresponse was defined as less than 25% reduction on the Y-BOCS. After a 4-week tapering phase, 43 nonresponders were switched to 12 additional weeks of the alternate antidepressant, of which 16 @entity1 received @entity906 and 27 received @entity903 . RESULTS: Eighteen of 43 @entity1 benefited from a switch to the alternate @entity3595 with a mean +/- SD decrease of at least 25% on the Y-BOCS. At the end of 12 weeks, responder rates were 56% for @entity903 (15/27) and 19% for @entity906 (3/16). An intent-to-treat, last-observation-carried-forward analysis demonstrated a mean decrease on the Y-BOCS of 1.8 +/- 3.5 in the @entity906 group and 6.5 +/- 7.1 in the @entity903 group. After 2 consecutive @entity3595 trials, 109 of 150 @entity1 (73%) achieved a Y-BOCS decrease of at least 25%. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study show that 42% of the nonresponders benefited from a crossover to the other @entity3595 , and that @entity903 was more efficacious than @entity906 in the treatment of nonresponders to a previous @entity3595 trial. Switching SRIs in case of refractoriness may be considered a useful strategy for @entity1 with @entity3119 .

title: A double-blind switch study of @entity903 and @entity906 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment guidelines for @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) propose to switch @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in case of refractoriness. However, no controlled research has been published yet that prospectively examined the effects of changing SRIs. This article describes the first double-blind switch study of 2 SRIs in @entity1 with @entity3119 . METHOD: 150 @entity1 with primary @entity3119 , according to DSM-IV criteria, were randomly assigned in a 12-week, double-blind trial to receive dosages titrated upward to 300 mg/day of @entity906 (N = 75) or 60 mg/day of @entity903 (N = 75). Primary efficacy was assessed by the change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and nonresponse was defined as less than 25% reduction on the Y-BOCS. After a 4-week tapering phase, 43 nonresponders were switched to 12 additional weeks of the alternate antidepressant, of which 16 @entity1 received @entity906 and 27 received @entity903 . RESULTS: Eighteen of 43 @entity1 benefited from a switch to the alternate @entity3595 with a mean +/- SD decrease of at least 25% on the Y-BOCS. At the end of 12 weeks, responder rates were 56% for @entity903 (15/27) and 19% for @entity906 (3/16). An intent-to-treat, last-observation-carried-forward analysis demonstrated a mean decrease on the Y-BOCS of 1.8 +/- 3.5 in the @entity906 group and 6.5 +/- 7.1 in the @entity903 group. After 2 consecutive @entity3595 trials, 109 of 150 @entity1 (73%) achieved a Y-BOCS decrease of at least 25%. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study show that 42% of the nonresponders benefited from a crossover to the other @entity3595 , and that @entity903 was more efficacious than @entity906 in the treatment of nonresponders to a previous @entity3595 trial. Switching SRIs in case of refractoriness may be considered a useful strategy for @entity1 with @entity3119 .

title: A double-blind switch study of @entity903 and XXXX in @entity3119 .

answer: @entity906 :: (MESH:C047426,Chemical) :: ['venlafaxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment guidelines for @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) propose to switch @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in case of refractoriness. However, no controlled research has been published yet that prospectively examined the effects of changing SRIs. This article describes the first double-blind switch study of 2 SRIs in @entity1 with @entity3119 . METHOD: 150 @entity1 with primary @entity3119 , according to DSM-IV criteria, were randomly assigned in a 12-week, double-blind trial to receive dosages titrated upward to 300 mg/day of @entity906 (N = 75) or 60 mg/day of @entity903 (N = 75). Primary efficacy was assessed by the change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and nonresponse was defined as less than 25% reduction on the Y-BOCS. After a 4-week tapering phase, 43 nonresponders were switched to 12 additional weeks of the alternate antidepressant, of which 16 @entity1 received @entity906 and 27 received @entity903 . RESULTS: Eighteen of 43 @entity1 benefited from a switch to the alternate @entity3595 with a mean +/- SD decrease of at least 25% on the Y-BOCS. At the end of 12 weeks, responder rates were 56% for @entity903 (15/27) and 19% for @entity906 (3/16). An intent-to-treat, last-observation-carried-forward analysis demonstrated a mean decrease on the Y-BOCS of 1.8 +/- 3.5 in the @entity906 group and 6.5 +/- 7.1 in the @entity903 group. After 2 consecutive @entity3595 trials, 109 of 150 @entity1 (73%) achieved a Y-BOCS decrease of at least 25%. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study show that 42% of the nonresponders benefited from a crossover to the other @entity3595 , and that @entity903 was more efficacious than @entity906 in the treatment of nonresponders to a previous @entity3595 trial. Switching SRIs in case of refractoriness may be considered a useful strategy for @entity1 with @entity3119 .

title: A double-blind switch study of XXXX and @entity906 in @entity3119 .

answer: @entity903 :: (MESH:D017374,Chemical) :: ['paroxetine']


abstract: @entity3256 -resistant @entity23819 (MRSP), which is often multidrug resistant (MDR), has recently emerged as a threat to @entity235 health worldwide. Knowledge of the temporal distribution of specific MRSP lineages, their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and their association with clinical conditions may help us to understand the emergence and spread of MRSP in @entity235 . The aim of this study was to determine the yearly proportions of MRSP lineages and their antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes in the Netherlands and to examine possible associations with clinical conditions. MRSP was first isolated from a @entity235 specimen submitted for diagnostics to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Utrecht University in 2004. The annual cumulative incidence of MRSP among @entity23819 increased from 0.9% in 2004 to 7% in 2013. MRSP was significantly associated with @entity6793 and, to a lesser extent, with wound @entity12088 . Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 478 MRSP isolates yielded 39 sequence types (ST) belonging to 4 clonal complexes (CC) and 15 singletons. CC71 was the dominant lineage that emerged since 2004, and CC258, CC45, and several unlinked isolates became more frequent during the following years. All but two strains conferred an MDR phenotype, but strains belonging to CC258 or singletons were less resistant. In conclusion, our study showed that MDR CC71 emerged as the dominant lineage from 2004 and onward and that less-resistant lineages were partly replacing CC71.

title: Changes in the Population of @entity3256 -Resistant XXXX and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Phenotypes in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['infections and otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity23819 :: (283734,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius']


abstract: @entity3256 -resistant @entity23819 (MRSP), which is often multidrug resistant (MDR), has recently emerged as a threat to @entity235 health worldwide. Knowledge of the temporal distribution of specific MRSP lineages, their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and their association with clinical conditions may help us to understand the emergence and spread of MRSP in @entity235 . The aim of this study was to determine the yearly proportions of MRSP lineages and their antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes in the Netherlands and to examine possible associations with clinical conditions. MRSP was first isolated from a @entity235 specimen submitted for diagnostics to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Utrecht University in 2004. The annual cumulative incidence of MRSP among @entity23819 increased from 0.9% in 2004 to 7% in 2013. MRSP was significantly associated with @entity6793 and, to a lesser extent, with wound @entity12088 . Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 478 MRSP isolates yielded 39 sequence types (ST) belonging to 4 clonal complexes (CC) and 15 singletons. CC71 was the dominant lineage that emerged since 2004, and CC258, CC45, and several unlinked isolates became more frequent during the following years. All but two strains conferred an MDR phenotype, but strains belonging to CC258 or singletons were less resistant. In conclusion, our study showed that MDR CC71 emerged as the dominant lineage from 2004 and onward and that less-resistant lineages were partly replacing CC71.

title: Changes in the Population of XXXX -Resistant @entity23819 and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Phenotypes in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['Methicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza can be severe in @entity1 with underlying @entity5 ; however, the rate of influenza hospitalizations and attributable mortality in @entity1 with @entity5 is unknown. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study among 10 698 @entity1 with new-onset @entity981 ( @entity981 ) from 41 US @entity1 's hospitals between January 1999 and September 2011. Influenza-related hospitalizations were identified using ICD-9 discharge diagnosis codes, excluding hospitalizations during low-prevalence influenza periods. Follow-up was censored at the earliest of 5 events: end of study period, expected end of chemotherapy, last known hospitalization, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, or @entity204 . Data were collected on hospitalization characteristics and resource utilization. Hospitalization rates were calculated using season-adjusted @entity1 -time. Crude attributable in-hospital mortality was calculated using baseline mortality for noninfluenza hospitalizations during the same period. Subgroup analysis was performed by time from @entity981 diagnosis and by age category. RESULTS: The rate of influenza-related hospitalizations was 618.3 per 100 000 @entity1 -months. Rates were similar by time from @entity981 diagnosis and across age categories. Overall attributable in-hospital mortality was 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3%-2.3%) and was highest for @entity1 <6 months from diagnosis (1.6%; 95% CI, 0.4%-4.5%) and @entity1 <2 years of age (6.7%; 95% CI, 1.3%-22.7%). Total length of stay, days of broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, and duration of intensive care were significantly greater for influenza-related hospitalizations compared with noninfluenza hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of influenza-related hospitalizations in @entity1 with @entity981 is high and associated with significantly increased resource utilization and attributable mortality.

title: Burden of Influenza-Related Hospitalizations and Attributable Mortality in Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']


abstract: Liposomal drug delivery appears to improve the antitumor effect and reduce @entity137 compared with the free drug. The therapeutic index may be improved further by combining cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. Successful therapy requires that the cytotoxic agents reach the @entity5 cells. Therefore, we studied @entity5 growth and the microdistribution of liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) with and without additional ionizing radiation in @entity1 @entity421 xenografts in athymic @entity19 . Caelyx was injected i.v. 1 day before single or fractionated radiotherapy. Both chemoirradiation regimens induced significant @entity851 and worked synergistically. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that intact liposomes were located in close proximity to endothelial cells, and the distribution of released @entity632 was heterogeneous. Before radiotherapy, hardly any @entity632 was localized in the central parts of the @entity5 . Radiotherapy increased the @entity5 uptake of @entity632 by a factor of two to four, with drug being redistributed farther from the vessels in the @entity5 periphery and located around vessels in the central parts of the @entity5 . Colocalization of @entity632 and @entity519 cells showed no distribution of drug into @entity519 areas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity422 day before the injection of Caelyx and 2 days after treatment start showed that the combined treatment reduced the vascular volume and the vascular transfer rate of the MRI tracer. The results show that chemoirradiation with Caelyx induces synergistic treatment effects. Improved intratumoral drug uptake and distribution are responsible to some extent for the enhanced antitumor effect.

title: Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal @entity632 (caelyx) in @entity1 XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['tumor growth delays']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity422 :: ('84245', 'Gene') :: ['magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Liposomal drug delivery appears to improve the antitumor effect and reduce @entity137 compared with the free drug. The therapeutic index may be improved further by combining cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. Successful therapy requires that the cytotoxic agents reach the @entity5 cells. Therefore, we studied @entity5 growth and the microdistribution of liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) with and without additional ionizing radiation in @entity1 @entity421 xenografts in athymic @entity19 . Caelyx was injected i.v. 1 day before single or fractionated radiotherapy. Both chemoirradiation regimens induced significant @entity851 and worked synergistically. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that intact liposomes were located in close proximity to endothelial cells, and the distribution of released @entity632 was heterogeneous. Before radiotherapy, hardly any @entity632 was localized in the central parts of the @entity5 . Radiotherapy increased the @entity5 uptake of @entity632 by a factor of two to four, with drug being redistributed farther from the vessels in the @entity5 periphery and located around vessels in the central parts of the @entity5 . Colocalization of @entity632 and @entity519 cells showed no distribution of drug into @entity519 areas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity422 day before the injection of Caelyx and 2 days after treatment start showed that the combined treatment reduced the vascular volume and the vascular transfer rate of the MRI tracer. The results show that chemoirradiation with Caelyx induces synergistic treatment effects. Improved intratumoral drug uptake and distribution are responsible to some extent for the enhanced antitumor effect.

title: Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal XXXX (caelyx) in @entity1 @entity421 xenografts.

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Liposomal drug delivery appears to improve the antitumor effect and reduce @entity137 compared with the free drug. The therapeutic index may be improved further by combining cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. Successful therapy requires that the cytotoxic agents reach the @entity5 cells. Therefore, we studied @entity5 growth and the microdistribution of liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) with and without additional ionizing radiation in @entity1 @entity421 xenografts in athymic @entity19 . Caelyx was injected i.v. 1 day before single or fractionated radiotherapy. Both chemoirradiation regimens induced significant @entity851 and worked synergistically. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that intact liposomes were located in close proximity to endothelial cells, and the distribution of released @entity632 was heterogeneous. Before radiotherapy, hardly any @entity632 was localized in the central parts of the @entity5 . Radiotherapy increased the @entity5 uptake of @entity632 by a factor of two to four, with drug being redistributed farther from the vessels in the @entity5 periphery and located around vessels in the central parts of the @entity5 . Colocalization of @entity632 and @entity519 cells showed no distribution of drug into @entity519 areas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity422 day before the injection of Caelyx and 2 days after treatment start showed that the combined treatment reduced the vascular volume and the vascular transfer rate of the MRI tracer. The results show that chemoirradiation with Caelyx induces synergistic treatment effects. Improved intratumoral drug uptake and distribution are responsible to some extent for the enhanced antitumor effect.

title: Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal @entity632 (caelyx) in XXXX @entity421 xenografts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity8124 , one of the most common cholinesterase inhibitors used for treatment of @entity195 , were studied on nicotinic receptors (nAChRs)-mediated postsynaptic currents, in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, using the patch-clamp recording technique in slice preparations. 2. @entity8124 (10-100 microM) selectively and reversibly depressed @entity1239 currents, induced by brief puffer pulses, through a glass micropipette positioned above the slice. 3. The peak amplitude fading of the responses generated by repeated test applications of low doses of @entity1239 was accelerated by @entity8124 , while it slowed the recovery of @entity1239 currents after a large, desensitising, dose of the same agonist. 4. @entity8124 depressed even maximal responses to @entity1239 , revealing a noncompetitive mechanism of action; moreover, the inhibition of nAChRs was voltage and time independent. 5. Pretreatment with @entity2568 or @entity57066 did not prevent the reduction of @entity1239 -induced currents. The data indicated direct effect on @entity6786 , independent from the activity of @entity8124 as cholinesterase inhibitor.

title: XXXX modulates nicotinic receptors of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurones.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2568 :: ('MESH:C006189', 'Chemical') :: ['vesamicol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil', 'Donepezil']

entities_list: @entity57066 :: ('MESH:C014655', 'Chemical') :: ['methamidophos']

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['Donepezil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) is characterized by the desire to move the limbs associated with paresthesias of the legs, a motor restlessness, an intensification of symptoms at rest with relief by activity, and a worsening of symptoms in the evening or at night. Population-based studies are rare, and risk factors in the general population are not known. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey with face-to-face interviews and physical examination among 4310 @entity1 in the Study of Health in Pomerania in northeastern Germany. @entity1 were aged 20 to 79 years and were randomly selected from population registers. @entity4531 was assessed with standardized, validated questions addressing the 4 minimal criteria for @entity4531 as defined by the International @entity4531 Study Group. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity4531 was 10.6%, increasing with age, and @entity1 were twice as often affected as @entity1 . While nulliparous @entity1 had prevalences similar to those among @entity1 up to age 64 years, the risk of @entity4531 increased gradually for @entity1 with 1 @entity1 (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-3.13), 2 @entity1 (odds ratio, 3.04; 95% confidence interval, 2.11-4.40), and 3 or more @entity1 (odds ratio, 3.57; 95% confidence interval, 2.30-5.55). Subjects with @entity4531 had significantly lower quality-of-life scores than those without the syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4531 is a common disease in the general population, affecting @entity1 more often than @entity1 . It is associated with reduced quality of life in cross-sectional analysis. Parity is a major factor in explaining the sex difference and may guide further clarification of the etiology of the disease.

title: Sex and the risk of XXXX in the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'Participants', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['RLS', 'Restless Legs Syndrome', 'Restless legs syndrome']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: One of the characteristic features of @entity565 is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between @entity281 and the exacerbation of @entity565 in adult @entity748 . @entity16 , leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby @entity1729 cause @entity748 exacerbations. A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity565 were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of @entity1729 on the exacerbation of @entity565 , comprised 92 @entity748 . The @entity1 evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the @entity1 with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect @entity1729 , the occurrence of @entity221 , sore throat and symptoms of @entity2490 were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the @entity1 was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of @entity565 were observed in 67 of the 92 @entity1 . 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic @entity1729 (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 @entity1 were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 @entity748 were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed @entity683 virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after @entity281 ) comprised 13 @entity1 . 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of @entity764 , participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled @entity112 before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute XXXX , @entity683 vaccination and airway reactivity in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial damage and airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: One of the characteristic features of @entity565 is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between @entity281 and the exacerbation of @entity565 in adult @entity748 . @entity16 , leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby @entity1729 cause @entity748 exacerbations. A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity565 were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of @entity1729 on the exacerbation of @entity565 , comprised 92 @entity748 . The @entity1 evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the @entity1 with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect @entity1729 , the occurrence of @entity221 , sore throat and symptoms of @entity2490 were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the @entity1 was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of @entity565 were observed in 67 of the 92 @entity1 . 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic @entity1729 (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 @entity1 were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 @entity748 were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed @entity683 virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after @entity281 ) comprised 13 @entity1 . 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of @entity764 , participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled @entity112 before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute @entity1729 , XXXX vaccination and airway reactivity in @entity565 .

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: One of the characteristic features of @entity565 is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between @entity281 and the exacerbation of @entity565 in adult @entity748 . @entity16 , leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby @entity1729 cause @entity748 exacerbations. A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity565 were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of @entity1729 on the exacerbation of @entity565 , comprised 92 @entity748 . The @entity1 evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the @entity1 with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect @entity1729 , the occurrence of @entity221 , sore throat and symptoms of @entity2490 were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the @entity1 was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of @entity565 were observed in 67 of the 92 @entity1 . 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic @entity1729 (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 @entity1 were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 @entity748 were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed @entity683 virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after @entity281 ) comprised 13 @entity1 . 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of @entity764 , participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled @entity112 before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute @entity1729 , @entity683 vaccination and airway reactivity in XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Associations between @entity12011 and @entity1669 are known but insufficiently characterized. Some evidence suggests that @entity164 2 @entity6 may also be associated with @entity1375 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate associations of @entity12011 with the prevalence of hypo- and @entity1378 . DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in two surveys of the Nord-Tr  ndelag Health (HUNT) Study. @entity1 : A total of 34 235 @entity1 of HUNT2 (1995-1997) and 48 809 @entity1 of HUNT3 (2006-2008) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of hypo- and @entity1378 was estimated, assessed by self-report, serum measurements, and linkage with the Norwegian Prescription Database. RESULTS: In HUNT2, @entity12011 was associated with a higher age-adjusted prevalence of @entity1375 among both @entity1 (prevalence ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-2.47) and @entity1 (prevalence ratio 2.71, 95% CI 1.76-4.19), compared with having no @entity6 . For @entity1378 , the corresponding cumulative prevalence ratios were 2.12 (95% CI 1.36-3.32) in @entity1 and 2.54 (95% CI 1.24-5.18) in @entity1 with @entity12011 . The age-adjusted excess prevalence of @entity1375 (   6 percentage points) and the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (8-10 percentage points) associated with @entity12011 was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity164 2 @entity6 was not associated with the prevalence of @entity1375 . In HUNT3, associations were broadly similar to those in HUNT2. CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune @entity6 , but not @entity164 2 @entity6 , was strongly and gender neutrally associated with an increased prevalence of hypo- and @entity1378 and the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Increased surveillance for @entity1375 appears not necessary in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in XXXX : The Population-Based HUNT Study in Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diabetes', 'autoimmune and type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity12011 :: (MESH:C565730,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune and Type 2 Diabetes']


abstract: @entity5 represents a broad spectrum of anatomical and histological subsets of @entity1 with differing biological characteristics and prognostic expectations. Our experience with 161 consecutive @entity1 undergoing complete resection for @entity5 at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and @entity5 Institute from 1965 through 1980 includes 69 @entity1 with T3 N0 or N1 disease and 92 @entity1 with an N2 classification. The cumulative 5-year survival overall was 30%: 35.6% for the T3 N0 or N1 group and 26% for the N2 @entity1 . Seventy-three @entity1 had @entity957 and 76, @entity420 . Small numbers of @entity1 had other miscellaneous classifications (N = 12). In the T3 N0 or N1 subset, 43% of the @entity1 with @entity957 (N = 37) and 23% of those with @entity420 (N = 25) survived 5 years. In the N2 subset, 39% of the @entity1 with @entity957 (N = 36) and 14% of the group with @entity420 (N = 52) achieved long-term survival. Failure of treatment was clinically documented in 61 @entity1 . The first observed recurrence or @entity3 was at a distant site in the majority of these @entity1 . Operative intervention for @entity1 with Stage III M0 @entity1149 is effective and reflects the impact and limitations of resection on disease progression. Adjuvant irradiation was not shown to improve the outcome over the results of operation alone. Effective systemic therapy will be required to produce substantial changes in end results.

title: The biological operability of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'Stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of prophylactic scleral buckling procedure with pars plana vitrectomy for the removal of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) in the prevention of postoperative @entity1713 . METHODS: In a prospective, clinical, controlled study, 28 @entity1 with @entity2790 without @entity1713 were randomly divided into two groups of 15 (group I) and 13 (group II) @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent a standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy with @entity5744 . In addition to this standard procedure, @entity1 assigned to group I had a 360 degrees encircling scleral buckle placed at the time of surgery. Group II @entity1 did not have any scleral buckling. All @entity1 were followed up for an average period of 11.8 months. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, duration of injury, nature of injury, and site, size and type of @entity2790 . RESULTS: The @entity1713 rate was found to be 6.6% in group I and 30.8% in group II (P = 0.24). Prophylactic scleral buckling reduced the risk of @entity1713 by 24% but this was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic scleral buckle placement with pars plana vitreous surgery for @entity2790 may reduce the risk of late onset @entity1713 . A larger study would seem warranted.

title: Role of prophylactic scleral buckling in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['retained intraocular foreign bodies', 'RIOFB']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body removal']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['retained intraocular foreign bodies']


abstract: Vasectomy is the process in which a @entity1 's vas deferens are severed, with the cut ends folded back and tied off to prevent the release of sperm from his testicles to the urethra and out of the penis. The procedure may be conducted in a doctor's office under local anesthesia, is almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy, and leaves sexual function fully intact. Since sperm comprise less than 5% of semen, even the amount of ejaculated fluid does not change noticeably. 20% of American @entity1 over age 35 years have had a vasectomy. Despite vasectomy's simplicity and effectiveness, debate exists over whether vasectomy may increase the risk of @entity263 , the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . Two large, well-designed Harvard studies were published in 1993 in the Journal of the American Medical Association which suggest that such a relationship may exist. The two studies compared the number of @entity263 diagnoses in almost 25,000 @entity1 who had undergone vasectomy with nearly 50,000 @entity1 who had not. @entity1 who had undergone vasectomy more than 20 years earlier were almost twice as likely as their unsterilized counterparts to have been diagnosed with @entity263 . Overall, the rate of such diagnoses was about 60% higher among the @entity1 who had been sterilized. These widely-reported studies rekindled earlier fears of a possible @entity263 risk and no doubt convinced some @entity1 to avoid the operation or to have it reversed if they had already gone through with it. Four earlier studies also suggested a link between @entity263 and vasectomy. Seven other reports, however, have found no connection. Several studies even indicate that @entity1 who undergo vasectomy live longer than other @entity1 . Many researchers believe that the Harvard studies' findings are simply the result of earlier and better diagnosis of @entity263 among sterilized @entity1 rather than due to an actual increased risk of the @entity5 .

title: Does vasectomy cause XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate-cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: One hundred sixty-five nonsmoking @entity785 @entity1 were evaluated by pulmonary function testing. @entity358 and an isolated reduction of the diffusing capacity of @entity1223 were the most frequent abnormalities. @entity1 with the @entity4067 ( @entity730 , @entity2407 , @entity4423 , @entity17351 , and @entity8721 ) had a similar frequency and severity of @entity358 compared with the @entity1 who had @entity7087 . @entity4067 @entity1 with @entity358 rarely had the anticentromere antibody and had more skin and joint involvement of their hands, compared with other @entity4067 @entity1 . @entity1353 and rales were most commonly found in @entity1 with @entity358 . @entity82 , shown on chest radiograph, and @entity358 correlated poorly with each other. @entity1353 was associated with restrictive disease, and rales were more commonly found in @entity1 with @entity82 . @entity1 with a restrictive abnormality had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 58%, although death from pulmonary causes was uncommon. Comparison of these nonsmoking @entity1 with 137 @entity2631 @entity1 who smoked, seen during the same time period, revealed more frequent and severe obstructive changes in smokers. Smoking @entity1 with @entity358 had more severe disease than nonsmoking @entity1 . The single breath diffusing capacity for @entity1223 was significantly decreased in the @entity1 who smoked compared with the nonsmokers. These data confirm that @entity358 are common in @entity1 with @entity785 including @entity4067 . Smoking appears to have an additive deleterious effect on pulmonary function and should be strongly discouraged.

title: XXXX in @entity785 ( @entity2631 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17351 :: ('MESH:C535336', 'Disease') :: ['sclerodactyly']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['CREST syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive lung disease', 'Restrictive lung disease', 'pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary function abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary involvement']


abstract: One hundred sixty-five nonsmoking @entity785 @entity1 were evaluated by pulmonary function testing. @entity358 and an isolated reduction of the diffusing capacity of @entity1223 were the most frequent abnormalities. @entity1 with the @entity4067 ( @entity730 , @entity2407 , @entity4423 , @entity17351 , and @entity8721 ) had a similar frequency and severity of @entity358 compared with the @entity1 who had @entity7087 . @entity4067 @entity1 with @entity358 rarely had the anticentromere antibody and had more skin and joint involvement of their hands, compared with other @entity4067 @entity1 . @entity1353 and rales were most commonly found in @entity1 with @entity358 . @entity82 , shown on chest radiograph, and @entity358 correlated poorly with each other. @entity1353 was associated with restrictive disease, and rales were more commonly found in @entity1 with @entity82 . @entity1 with a restrictive abnormality had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 58%, although death from pulmonary causes was uncommon. Comparison of these nonsmoking @entity1 with 137 @entity2631 @entity1 who smoked, seen during the same time period, revealed more frequent and severe obstructive changes in smokers. Smoking @entity1 with @entity358 had more severe disease than nonsmoking @entity1 . The single breath diffusing capacity for @entity1223 was significantly decreased in the @entity1 who smoked compared with the nonsmokers. These data confirm that @entity358 are common in @entity1 with @entity785 including @entity4067 . Smoking appears to have an additive deleterious effect on pulmonary function and should be strongly discouraged.

title: @entity358 in @entity785 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: One hundred sixty-five nonsmoking @entity785 @entity1 were evaluated by pulmonary function testing. @entity358 and an isolated reduction of the diffusing capacity of @entity1223 were the most frequent abnormalities. @entity1 with the @entity4067 ( @entity730 , @entity2407 , @entity4423 , @entity17351 , and @entity8721 ) had a similar frequency and severity of @entity358 compared with the @entity1 who had @entity7087 . @entity4067 @entity1 with @entity358 rarely had the anticentromere antibody and had more skin and joint involvement of their hands, compared with other @entity4067 @entity1 . @entity1353 and rales were most commonly found in @entity1 with @entity358 . @entity82 , shown on chest radiograph, and @entity358 correlated poorly with each other. @entity1353 was associated with restrictive disease, and rales were more commonly found in @entity1 with @entity82 . @entity1 with a restrictive abnormality had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 58%, although death from pulmonary causes was uncommon. Comparison of these nonsmoking @entity1 with 137 @entity2631 @entity1 who smoked, seen during the same time period, revealed more frequent and severe obstructive changes in smokers. Smoking @entity1 with @entity358 had more severe disease than nonsmoking @entity1 . The single breath diffusing capacity for @entity1223 was significantly decreased in the @entity1 who smoked compared with the nonsmokers. These data confirm that @entity358 are common in @entity1 with @entity785 including @entity4067 . Smoking appears to have an additive deleterious effect on pulmonary function and should be strongly discouraged.

title: @entity358 in XXXX ( @entity2631 ).

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: In a consecutive series of 56 @entity1 with acute @entity583 , ST segment @entity308 and elevation in the electrocardiographic limb leads I, II, and III were summated for each @entity1 before and immediately after intracoronary streptokinase infusion and the results compared with the angiographic findings. Forty three @entity1 had angiographically confirmed reperfusion of an initially occluded vessel and showed a significant decrease in summated ST shift. The ST segment changes in the limb leads virtually returned to normal in all 43 @entity1 , and in most, inverted T waves developed. Thrombolysis was unsuccessful in 10 @entity1 , and the @entity1188 related coronary artery was already patent in three. When these two groups are combined, all 13 @entity1 without reperfusion showed no significant change in summated ST segment shift. During percutaneous transluminal angioplasty inflation of the balloon in the vessel that was previously occluded simulated reocclusion and was followed by new ST elevation if the artery supplied viable myocardium. In a further consecutive study of 54 @entity1 with @entity583 , the precordial R waves and Q waves were studied over the four to six months following infarction using a standardised 48 electrode mapping system. All @entity1 underwent a repeat angiogram after four to six months. In 36 @entity1 the @entity1188 related vessel was patent. They showed a significant mean increase in summated precordial R wave amplitude and a reduction in the mean number of precordial leads without R waves. In 18 @entity1 with unsuccessful thrombolysis or reocclusion there was a further reduction in mean summated R wave amplitude and an increased number of precordial leads not showing R waves. Precordial R wave mapping seems to be a valuable non-invasive method of assessing the salvage of myocardium after reperfusion and the damage caused by reocclusion. Loss of R waves in the acute phase of @entity583 does not necessarily mean an irreversibly damaged myocardium.

title: XXXX and thrombolysis. Electrocardiographic short term and long term results using precordial mapping.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: The susceptibilities of 36 isolates of the @entity2868 group to @entity8933 , @entity3398 , @entity3402 , and @entity868 were determined by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution reference method and a broth microdilution method using anaerobe, brucella, Schaedler, and brain heart infusion broths. MICs that were greater than or equal to fourfold higher or lower than those of the reference method were considered significant. Major and minor discrepancies in susceptibility interpretation (SI) were also noted. @entity8933 showed the greatest number of variations and @entity1668 . In 72% of the cases, MICs in broth were greater than or equal to fourfold lower than those obtained by the reference method, resulting in 33% of the major and 22% of the minor discrepancies in SI. A total of 53% of the isolates were resistant to @entity8933 by the reference method, but only 11 to 17% were resistant in the various broths. Significant variations in MICs of cefoxitin occurred in 19 to 22% of the isolates; 17 to 19% of the isolates showed major discrepancies and 31 to 58% showed minor discrepancies in SI. A total of 58% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin by the reference method, but only 19 to 28% were resistant in the various broths. Significant variations with @entity3402 in broths ranged from 32 to 53% and resulted in 3 to 8% of the isolates showing major discrepancies and 33 to 44% showing minor discrepancies in SI. Metronidazole yielded significant variations in MICs in 6 to 28% of the isolates, but no major or minor @entity1668 were noted. This study indicates that significant differences in susceptibility results, which appear to be method related, can result when isolates of the @entity2868 group are tested. Therefore, studies correlating in vitro results, determined by various methods, to clinical outcome are essential.

title: Antibiotic- and method-dependent variation in susceptibility testing results of XXXX group isolates.

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity1668 :: ('MESH:D004198', 'Disease') :: ['SI discrepancies']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftizoxime', 'ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity2868 :: (817,Species) :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a paradigm change in the treatment of @entity320 and other advanced @entity5 . These agents manipulate key immune-regulating pathways to restore immune responses against @entity5 . The success of this approach is demonstrated by ipilimumab (Yervoy  ) for the treatment of advanced @entity320 , with improvement in three-year survival rates of about 20%. Newer checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway have been approved and may have higher response rates and improved tolerability. OBJECTIVES: This article aims to educate nurses and increase their comfort level with these new therapies. METHODS: The mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors is reviewed, and insight is provided on how nurses can use this knowledge to more effectively care for @entity1 receiving these therapies. FINDINGS: The use of immuno-oncology agents is increasing. Oncology nurses must understand the basic immune mechanism of action responsible for the novel @entity137 profile characterized by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical response patterns. Managing irAEs with immune checkpoint inhibitors is not necessarily more difficult than with conventional agents, but a difference does exist. Nurses and other healthcare providers must consider the underlying cause of @entity137 with immune checkpoint inhibitors when making management decisions.

title: Understanding Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Effective XXXX Care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity191 is not yet possible with neurophysiological methods. Therefore we investigated the median somatosensory and visually evoked potentials (SEP and VEP) to single and double stimulation, VEP using a special stimulation technique and motor evoked potentials (MEP) employing spinal and transcranial stimulation. In @entity191 the absolute and relative refractory periods of cortical N1 peak of SEP did not differ from that of normal subjects. After single stimulation the cortical N20 latencies were only in 2 of 17 cases delayed. In 8 of 10 cases central conduction time was normal. Also the SEP peaks of brain stem were normal and there was no correlation between symptomatology and SEP results. The data of motor evoked potentials (MEP) demonstrated in all @entity1 a normal central motor conduction time of 5.0 msec. In 30% of @entity1 the VEP data showed a significant delay of P2 latency, independently of clinical status or age. But there were no more P2 alterations after special visual stimulation techniques. In contrast to a good clinical effect in 14 of 19 @entity1 with end-off-dose @entity910 , an improvement of P2 delay could not be noticed during a chronic L-dopa and deprenyl therapy.

title: Somatosensory, motor and special visual evoked potentials to single and double stimulation in " XXXX " an early diagnostic test?

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data about @entity1311 -eluting balloon (PCB) angioplasty to treat drug-eluting stents (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR) were mainly collected in selected @entity1 populations in the setting of randomized trials. The main goal of this prospective registry was to confirm the positive findings of these studies in an unselected population in clinical practice. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with DES-ISR treated by PCB angioplasty were recruited in this prospective real-world registry. The primary endpoint was clinically driven @entity75 revascularization (TLR) at 9months. Secondary endpoints included acute technical success, in-hospital outcomes, 9-month major adverse @entity299 (MACE) a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and TLR and the occurrence of target vessel revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 206 @entity1 (67.7  10.2years, 80.6% male, 41.3% diabetics) with 210 lesions were recruited. Unstable @entity453 was present in 55.3% of @entity1 . The time from DES implantation to DES-ISR was 3.0  2.4years. Quantitative analyses revealed that patterns of treated DES-ISR were focal in 55.7% and diffuse in 44.3%. The reference diameter was 2.76  0.64mm. The 9-month follow-up rate was 90.8% (187/206). At 9months, the TLR rate was 7.0% (13/187) whereas the rates for MACE, @entity583 and @entity204 were 10.7% (20/187), 4.8% (9/187) and 2.1% (4/187) respectively. Results were consistent in @entity1 with @entity1311 and non- @entity1311 -eluting stents (PES) ISR. CONCLUSION: This large prospective registry demonstrated acceptable rates of TLR and MACE at 9months after treatment of DES-ISR by PCB angioplasty. PCB angioplasty was equally effective in @entity1 with PES-ISR and non PES-ISR.

title: Treatment of drug-eluting stents in-stent restenosis with XXXX -coated balloon angioplasty: Insights from the French "real-world" prospective GARO Registry.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target-lesion']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether neglecting the flow unsteadiness in simplified Bernoulli's equation significantly affects the @entity120 drop estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 4D velocity mapping was performed on four healthy volunteers, seven @entity1 with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, and thirteen @entity1 with @entity3886 repaired by arterial switch. Pulmonary transvalvular pressure drop was estimated based on two methods: General Bernoulli's Equation (GBE), ie, the most complete form; and @entity195 ( @entity195 ), known as 4V(2) . More than 2300 individual pressure drop measurements were used to compare the simplified and the general Bernoulli's methods. A linear mixed-effects model was employed for statistical analyses, fully accounting for clustering of observations among the methods and systolic phases. RESULTS: The simplified Bernoulli's method systematically underestimated the pressure drop compared to general Bernoulli's method during the entire systolic phase (P < 0.05), including the peak systole, where on average   pSBE/  pGBE=78%. CONCLUSION: The simplified Bernoulli method underestimated the pressure drop during all systolic phases in all the studied subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the flow unsteadiness for more accurate estimation of the pressure drop. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Simplified Bernoulli's method significantly underestimates XXXX drop.

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary transvalvular pressure']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Simplified Bernoulli's Equation", 'SBE']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary transvalvular pressure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: World Health Organization step III opioids are required to relieve moderate-to-severe @entity5 ; @entity1142 is one of the most frequent opioid-induced side effects. A fixed combination, prolonged-release @entity1288 / @entity1510 (OXN), was developed with the aim of reducing opioid-related gastrointestinal side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged-release @entity1288 ( @entity16486 ) alone to OXN in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity158 . METHODS: Propensity analysis was utilized in this observational study, which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and quality of life. RESULTS: Out of the 210 @entity1 recruited, 146 were matched using propensity scores and included in the comparative analysis. In both groups, @entity158 intensity decreased by    3 points after 60 days, indicating comparable analgesic efficacy. Responder rates were similar between groups. @entity1337 was achieved and maintained with similarly low and stable dosages over time (12.0-20.4 mg/d for @entity16486 and 11.5-22.0 mg/d for OXN). Bowel Function Index (BFI) and laxative use per week improved from baseline at 30 days and 60 days in OXN recipients (-16, P<0.0001 and -3.5, P=0.02, respectively); BFI worsened in the @entity16486 group. The overall incidence of drug-related adverse events was 28.9% in the @entity16486 group and 8.2% in the OXN group (P<0.01); @entity390 and @entity391 were two to five times less frequent with OXN. Quality of life improved to a significantly greater extent in @entity1 receiving OXN compared to @entity16486 (increase in Short Form-36 physical component score of 7.1 points vs 3.2 points, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with chronic @entity5 , OXN provided analgesic effectiveness that is similar to @entity16486 , with early and sustained benefits in tolerability. The relationship between responsiveness to OXN and clinical characteristics is currently being investigated.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of oral @entity1288 and @entity1288 / @entity1510 combination in opioid-na  ve @entity5 XXXX : a propensity analysis.

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: World Health Organization step III opioids are required to relieve moderate-to-severe @entity5 ; @entity1142 is one of the most frequent opioid-induced side effects. A fixed combination, prolonged-release @entity1288 / @entity1510 (OXN), was developed with the aim of reducing opioid-related gastrointestinal side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged-release @entity1288 ( @entity16486 ) alone to OXN in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity158 . METHODS: Propensity analysis was utilized in this observational study, which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and quality of life. RESULTS: Out of the 210 @entity1 recruited, 146 were matched using propensity scores and included in the comparative analysis. In both groups, @entity158 intensity decreased by    3 points after 60 days, indicating comparable analgesic efficacy. Responder rates were similar between groups. @entity1337 was achieved and maintained with similarly low and stable dosages over time (12.0-20.4 mg/d for @entity16486 and 11.5-22.0 mg/d for OXN). Bowel Function Index (BFI) and laxative use per week improved from baseline at 30 days and 60 days in OXN recipients (-16, P<0.0001 and -3.5, P=0.02, respectively); BFI worsened in the @entity16486 group. The overall incidence of drug-related adverse events was 28.9% in the @entity16486 group and 8.2% in the OXN group (P<0.01); @entity390 and @entity391 were two to five times less frequent with OXN. Quality of life improved to a significantly greater extent in @entity1 receiving OXN compared to @entity16486 (increase in Short Form-36 physical component score of 7.1 points vs 3.2 points, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with chronic @entity5 , OXN provided analgesic effectiveness that is similar to @entity16486 , with early and sustained benefits in tolerability. The relationship between responsiveness to OXN and clinical characteristics is currently being investigated.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of oral @entity1288 and @entity1288 / XXXX combination in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 : a propensity analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: World Health Organization step III opioids are required to relieve moderate-to-severe @entity5 ; @entity1142 is one of the most frequent opioid-induced side effects. A fixed combination, prolonged-release @entity1288 / @entity1510 (OXN), was developed with the aim of reducing opioid-related gastrointestinal side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged-release @entity1288 ( @entity16486 ) alone to OXN in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity158 . METHODS: Propensity analysis was utilized in this observational study, which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and quality of life. RESULTS: Out of the 210 @entity1 recruited, 146 were matched using propensity scores and included in the comparative analysis. In both groups, @entity158 intensity decreased by    3 points after 60 days, indicating comparable analgesic efficacy. Responder rates were similar between groups. @entity1337 was achieved and maintained with similarly low and stable dosages over time (12.0-20.4 mg/d for @entity16486 and 11.5-22.0 mg/d for OXN). Bowel Function Index (BFI) and laxative use per week improved from baseline at 30 days and 60 days in OXN recipients (-16, P<0.0001 and -3.5, P=0.02, respectively); BFI worsened in the @entity16486 group. The overall incidence of drug-related adverse events was 28.9% in the @entity16486 group and 8.2% in the OXN group (P<0.01); @entity390 and @entity391 were two to five times less frequent with OXN. Quality of life improved to a significantly greater extent in @entity1 receiving OXN compared to @entity16486 (increase in Short Form-36 physical component score of 7.1 points vs 3.2 points, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with chronic @entity5 , OXN provided analgesic effectiveness that is similar to @entity16486 , with early and sustained benefits in tolerability. The relationship between responsiveness to OXN and clinical characteristics is currently being investigated.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of oral @entity1288 and @entity1288 / @entity1510 combination in opioid-na  ve XXXX @entity1 : a propensity analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: World Health Organization step III opioids are required to relieve moderate-to-severe @entity5 ; @entity1142 is one of the most frequent opioid-induced side effects. A fixed combination, prolonged-release @entity1288 / @entity1510 (OXN), was developed with the aim of reducing opioid-related gastrointestinal side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged-release @entity1288 ( @entity16486 ) alone to OXN in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity158 . METHODS: Propensity analysis was utilized in this observational study, which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and quality of life. RESULTS: Out of the 210 @entity1 recruited, 146 were matched using propensity scores and included in the comparative analysis. In both groups, @entity158 intensity decreased by    3 points after 60 days, indicating comparable analgesic efficacy. Responder rates were similar between groups. @entity1337 was achieved and maintained with similarly low and stable dosages over time (12.0-20.4 mg/d for @entity16486 and 11.5-22.0 mg/d for OXN). Bowel Function Index (BFI) and laxative use per week improved from baseline at 30 days and 60 days in OXN recipients (-16, P<0.0001 and -3.5, P=0.02, respectively); BFI worsened in the @entity16486 group. The overall incidence of drug-related adverse events was 28.9% in the @entity16486 group and 8.2% in the OXN group (P<0.01); @entity390 and @entity391 were two to five times less frequent with OXN. Quality of life improved to a significantly greater extent in @entity1 receiving OXN compared to @entity16486 (increase in Short Form-36 physical component score of 7.1 points vs 3.2 points, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with chronic @entity5 , OXN provided analgesic effectiveness that is similar to @entity16486 , with early and sustained benefits in tolerability. The relationship between responsiveness to OXN and clinical characteristics is currently being investigated.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of oral XXXX and @entity1288 / @entity1510 combination in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 : a propensity analysis.

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['oxycodone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: World Health Organization step III opioids are required to relieve moderate-to-severe @entity5 ; @entity1142 is one of the most frequent opioid-induced side effects. A fixed combination, prolonged-release @entity1288 / @entity1510 (OXN), was developed with the aim of reducing opioid-related gastrointestinal side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged-release @entity1288 ( @entity16486 ) alone to OXN in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity158 . METHODS: Propensity analysis was utilized in this observational study, which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and quality of life. RESULTS: Out of the 210 @entity1 recruited, 146 were matched using propensity scores and included in the comparative analysis. In both groups, @entity158 intensity decreased by    3 points after 60 days, indicating comparable analgesic efficacy. Responder rates were similar between groups. @entity1337 was achieved and maintained with similarly low and stable dosages over time (12.0-20.4 mg/d for @entity16486 and 11.5-22.0 mg/d for OXN). Bowel Function Index (BFI) and laxative use per week improved from baseline at 30 days and 60 days in OXN recipients (-16, P<0.0001 and -3.5, P=0.02, respectively); BFI worsened in the @entity16486 group. The overall incidence of drug-related adverse events was 28.9% in the @entity16486 group and 8.2% in the OXN group (P<0.01); @entity390 and @entity391 were two to five times less frequent with OXN. Quality of life improved to a significantly greater extent in @entity1 receiving OXN compared to @entity16486 (increase in Short Form-36 physical component score of 7.1 points vs 3.2 points, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with chronic @entity5 , OXN provided analgesic effectiveness that is similar to @entity16486 , with early and sustained benefits in tolerability. The relationship between responsiveness to OXN and clinical characteristics is currently being investigated.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of oral @entity1288 and XXXX / @entity1510 combination in opioid-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 : a propensity analysis.

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['oxycodone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1580 is a rare event. While the most frequent symptom is @entity662 , that is a common @entity341 ( @entity341 ) chief complaint and other diseases causing @entity662 occur much more often. Furthermore, 20% of dissections are without @entity662 and 6% are painless. For these reasons, diagnosing dissections may be challenging. Our goal was to determine the number of total @entity341 and atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 for every aortic dissection diagnosed by emergency physicians. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Retrospective cohort. SETTING: 33 suburban and urban New York and New Jersey EDs with annual visits between 8,000 and 80,000. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 seen by emergency physicians from 1-1-1996 through 12-31-2010. OBSERVATIONS: We identified aortic dissection and atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 using the International Classification of Diseases 9(th) Revision and Clinical Modification codes. We then calculated the number of total @entity341 and atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 for every aortic dissection, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: From a database of 9.5 million @entity341 visits, we identified 782 @entity1580 or one for every 12,200 (95% CI [11,400-13,100]) visits. The mean age of dissection @entity1 was 66  16 years and 38% were female. There were 763,000 (8%) with atraumatic @entity662 diagnoses. Thus, there is one dissection for every 980 (95% CI [910-1,050]) atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity1580 by emergency physicians is rare and challenging. An emergency physician seeing 3,000 to 4,000 @entity1 a year would diagnose an aortic dissection approximately every three to four years.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX in Emergency Department @entity1 is Rare.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections', 'Aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Aortic Dissection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1580 is a rare event. While the most frequent symptom is @entity662 , that is a common @entity341 ( @entity341 ) chief complaint and other diseases causing @entity662 occur much more often. Furthermore, 20% of dissections are without @entity662 and 6% are painless. For these reasons, diagnosing dissections may be challenging. Our goal was to determine the number of total @entity341 and atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 for every aortic dissection diagnosed by emergency physicians. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Retrospective cohort. SETTING: 33 suburban and urban New York and New Jersey EDs with annual visits between 8,000 and 80,000. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 seen by emergency physicians from 1-1-1996 through 12-31-2010. OBSERVATIONS: We identified aortic dissection and atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 using the International Classification of Diseases 9(th) Revision and Clinical Modification codes. We then calculated the number of total @entity341 and atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 for every aortic dissection, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: From a database of 9.5 million @entity341 visits, we identified 782 @entity1580 or one for every 12,200 (95% CI [11,400-13,100]) visits. The mean age of dissection @entity1 was 66  16 years and 38% were female. There were 763,000 (8%) with atraumatic @entity662 diagnoses. Thus, there is one dissection for every 980 (95% CI [910-1,050]) atraumatic @entity662 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity1580 by emergency physicians is rare and challenging. An emergency physician seeing 3,000 to 4,000 @entity1 a year would diagnose an aortic dissection approximately every three to four years.

title: Diagnosis of @entity1580 in Emergency Department XXXX is Rare.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In monkeys anesthetized with 70% @entity3810 and 0.5% inspired @entity1508 in @entity26 , we measured changes in systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flows produced by @entity1854 and @entity13673 . Regional blood flow measurements were made using the radioactive microsphere technique. Control measurements were made before infusion of @entity1854 and @entity13673 into each animal in sequence in amounts adequate to reduce mean arterial pressure to approximately 55 +/- 5 mm Hg. Measurements were made during each drug infusion after a stable period of @entity551 lasting at least 30 min. During @entity1854 infusion, cerebral blood flow remained unchanged, but myocardial blood flow increased significantly. However, pressure-rate product, an indirect measure of myocardial @entity26 consumption, was unchanged, implying that myocardial blood flow exceeded myocardial @entity26 requirement. During @entity13673 infusion, cerebral blood flow decreased, although cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 was unchanged due to increased @entity26 extraction by the brain. @entity13673 also produced a decrease in myocardial blood flow that was in proportion to the decrease in myocardial @entity26 requirement as indicated by pressure-rate product. Neither drug produced changes in @entity99 . We conclude that brain @entity26 reserve is decreased during @entity551 induced by @entity13673 . Blood flows to other organs are not significantly impaired in monkeys during @entity551 to a mean arterial pressure of approximately 55 mm Hg induced by either @entity1854 or @entity13673 .

title: Regional blood flows during induced @entity551 produced by XXXX or @entity13673 in the rhesus monkey.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['renal or total hepatic blood flows']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity13673 :: ('MESH:D014294', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethaphan', 'trimethaphan']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['nitroprusside']