abstract: NFKB: is a pleiotropic transcription factor that participates in the induction of various cellular and viral genes (for a review, see refs. 1 and 2). The principal form of this active complex is composed of two polypeptides, @entity9135 (recently renamed @entity9135 ) and @entity2451 (recently renamed @entity2451 ) (3, 4). Both of these sub-units belong to the rel famtly of transcription factors with homology in the @entity1472 terminus (5, 6). Since the original identification of these factors, several others have been identified in this family of transcription factors: @entity63604 , @entity4632 , @entity7286 , @entity23436 , dorsal, @entity20927 , and @entity2451 (1). The NF-kheterodimer is associated in the cytoplasm with the IkB subunit, which sequesters this factor in an inactive state (7). On activation by various stimuli, the IkB subunit separates from the active NFheterodimer, and the active complex is translocated to the nucleus where it binds to its nuclear DNA target sequence (Fig. 1). The principal cause for disassociation of IkB from NFis phosphorylation (8), but it may involve proteolysis of IkB (9) Several autoregulatory loops have been proposed for the involvement of NF-kB in the regulation of the inhibitor IkB. Furthermore, NF-kB has been shown to regulate the transcription of IkB and @entity2451 (10-12). Fig. 1. NF-K: B transcription factor. This figure depicts the basis for the function of the NF-K: B transcription factor. The principal form of the NF-K: B transcription complex is as a heterodimer composed of the two subunits: @entity9135 and @entity2451 . The inactive complex is sequestered in the cytoplasm associated with the inhibitor protein, IK: B. On activation, the IK: B protein separates from the active complex through a mechanism involving the phosphorylation and proteolysis Of IK: B. The active NF-K: B complex is then translocated to the nucleus where it binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner and interacts with the transcriptional machinery to modulate the rate of transcription of target genes.

title: Antisense XXXX in Cancer.

answer: @entity9135 :: (5970,Gene) :: ['rel A']


abstract: PURPOSE: A collaborative meta-analysis was performed to clarify the relative effects on relapse and survival of different types of therapies directed at the CNS in childhood @entity981 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were sought for each individual @entity1 in all trials started in or before 1993 that included unconfounded randomized comparisons of such treatments. Log-rank survival analyses were performed for each trial, and overall results for groups of trials addressing similar questions were obtained from the totals of the observed minus expected number of events and their variances. RESULTS: Radiotherapy and long-term intrathecal therapy gave similar outcomes, with no significant difference in event-free survival despite random assignment of treatment to 2,848 @entity1 , 1,001 of whom suffered relapse or @entity204 . Intravenous @entity1499 reduced non-CNS rather than CNS relapses, and hence, the addition of intravenous @entity1499 to a treatment regimen including radiotherapy or long-term intrathecal therapy improved event-free survival, with a 17% reduction in the event rate (95% confidence interval, 6% to 27%; P =.003). The event-free survival at 10 years in these trials was 61.9% without intravenous @entity1499 and 68.1% with intravenous @entity1499 . There was no significant difference in survival (14% @entity204 rate reduction; P =.09). There were insufficient randomly assigned @entity1 to adequately address other questions, such as effect of different doses. No evidence was found of differences, between trials or between subgroups of different types of @entity1 , in the relative effects of treatment. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy can be replaced by long-term intrathecal therapy. Intravenous @entity1499 gives some additional benefit by reducing non-CNS relapses.

title: CNS-directed therapy for childhood XXXX : @entity981 Collaborative Group overview of 43 randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: A collaborative meta-analysis was performed to clarify the relative effects on relapse and survival of different types of therapies directed at the CNS in childhood @entity981 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were sought for each individual @entity1 in all trials started in or before 1993 that included unconfounded randomized comparisons of such treatments. Log-rank survival analyses were performed for each trial, and overall results for groups of trials addressing similar questions were obtained from the totals of the observed minus expected number of events and their variances. RESULTS: Radiotherapy and long-term intrathecal therapy gave similar outcomes, with no significant difference in event-free survival despite random assignment of treatment to 2,848 @entity1 , 1,001 of whom suffered relapse or @entity204 . Intravenous @entity1499 reduced non-CNS rather than CNS relapses, and hence, the addition of intravenous @entity1499 to a treatment regimen including radiotherapy or long-term intrathecal therapy improved event-free survival, with a 17% reduction in the event rate (95% confidence interval, 6% to 27%; P =.003). The event-free survival at 10 years in these trials was 61.9% without intravenous @entity1499 and 68.1% with intravenous @entity1499 . There was no significant difference in survival (14% @entity204 rate reduction; P =.09). There were insufficient randomly assigned @entity1 to adequately address other questions, such as effect of different doses. No evidence was found of differences, between trials or between subgroups of different types of @entity1 , in the relative effects of treatment. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy can be replaced by long-term intrathecal therapy. Intravenous @entity1499 gives some additional benefit by reducing non-CNS relapses.

title: CNS-directed therapy for childhood @entity981 : XXXX Collaborative Group overview of 43 randomized trials.

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Childhood ALL']


abstract: IMMUNOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIABETIC FOOT INFECTIONS: @entity6 @entity1 are at increased risk of severe @entity79 . @entity1200 are reasonable and due to altered specific and unspecific cellular immune responses. Analysis of epidemiology and microbial pathogenicity shows that staphylococci seem to be predestined to induce such @entity281 . @entity794 and coagulase-negative staphylococci are able to adhere to the wound ground by a sequela of mechanisms. Initial bacterial adherence is due to hydrophobicity, ion exchanges, and specific binding of bacterial adhesion molecules to cellular receptors. Moreover, staphylococci secrete polysaccharides which form a biofilm together with multilayer cell clusters. The highly structured communities within a biofilm are resistant to distinct immunoeffectors and have a decreased susceptibility to antibiotics in vivo. ASPECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY: Assessing the severity of an infection is essential to selecting an antibiotic regimen, the mode of drug administration, and the duration of therapy. Regimens for severe and @entity281 are broader spectrum and often intravenously to obtain high drug concentrations immediately. Infections of the bone often require an antibiotic therapy for > 4 weeks, while a 1- to 2-week therapy for mild to moderate @entity281 has been found to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the tremendous progress in diagnostics and therapy of @entity6 , infectious complications can be successfully treated by appropriate wound care, metabolic control, and early surgical and antibiotic intervention. Bacterial biofilms involved into @entity281 are new aspects currently not visualized by clinical therapy. Besides the classic antimicrobial therapy, new concepts of an enzymatic therapy or the inhibition of bacterial "communication" (quorum sensing) are in progress and the hope for the future.

title: [Microbiological aspects and antibiotic therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['skin and bone infections']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Immunological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'chronic infections']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot infections']


abstract: This investigation was made with special reference to the effect of the combined use of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) inhibitor @entity29276 dithiocarbamate( @entity14568 ) and @entity1311 on the expression of Matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1495 ) and its inhibitor @entity2843 , and on the proliferation and invasion of @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7. The MCF-7 cells were treated with PDTC and @entity1311 . The effect on proliferation was evaluated by @entity98 assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to determine the change of @entity9135 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 expression in MCF-7 cells after treatment. RT-PCR was used to detect @entity2451 @entity9135 mRNA expression. The invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was tested by the invasion, migration and cell adhesion assay. The cell growth was significantly slowed down and the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase after the combined treatment. The expression of @entity9135 and @entity1495 was down-regulated and the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was decreased after the combined treatment. In conclusion,PDTC combined with @entity1311 effectively inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and decreased cell invasion ability of @entity0 MCF-7 cells. The mechanism may be associated with the inhibiting effect of PDTC on the @entity2451 -related gene expression.

title: [Effect of combined use of PDTC and @entity1311 on proliferation and invasion of @entity1 XXXX cell line MCF-7].

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity29276 :: ('MESH:C032519', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrrolidine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This investigation was made with special reference to the effect of the combined use of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) inhibitor @entity29276 dithiocarbamate( @entity14568 ) and @entity1311 on the expression of Matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1495 ) and its inhibitor @entity2843 , and on the proliferation and invasion of @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7. The MCF-7 cells were treated with PDTC and @entity1311 . The effect on proliferation was evaluated by @entity98 assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to determine the change of @entity9135 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 expression in MCF-7 cells after treatment. RT-PCR was used to detect @entity2451 @entity9135 mRNA expression. The invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was tested by the invasion, migration and cell adhesion assay. The cell growth was significantly slowed down and the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase after the combined treatment. The expression of @entity9135 and @entity1495 was down-regulated and the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was decreased after the combined treatment. In conclusion,PDTC combined with @entity1311 effectively inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and decreased cell invasion ability of @entity0 MCF-7 cells. The mechanism may be associated with the inhibiting effect of PDTC on the @entity2451 -related gene expression.

title: [Effect of combined use of PDTC and XXXX on proliferation and invasion of @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7].

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: This investigation was made with special reference to the effect of the combined use of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) inhibitor @entity29276 dithiocarbamate( @entity14568 ) and @entity1311 on the expression of Matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1495 ) and its inhibitor @entity2843 , and on the proliferation and invasion of @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7. The MCF-7 cells were treated with PDTC and @entity1311 . The effect on proliferation was evaluated by @entity98 assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to determine the change of @entity9135 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 expression in MCF-7 cells after treatment. RT-PCR was used to detect @entity2451 @entity9135 mRNA expression. The invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was tested by the invasion, migration and cell adhesion assay. The cell growth was significantly slowed down and the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase after the combined treatment. The expression of @entity9135 and @entity1495 was down-regulated and the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was decreased after the combined treatment. In conclusion,PDTC combined with @entity1311 effectively inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and decreased cell invasion ability of @entity0 MCF-7 cells. The mechanism may be associated with the inhibiting effect of PDTC on the @entity2451 -related gene expression.

title: [Effect of combined use of PDTC and @entity1311 on proliferation and invasion of XXXX @entity0 cell line MCF-7].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To probe the pathological biological characteristics of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) by the ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy and assess the clinical application value of this method. METHODS: The biopsy and DNA analysis by flow cytometry (FCM) were taken in 46 cases with @entity157 nodules, including 26 cases and 20 cases with nodules < or =3 cm and >3 cm in diameters respectively, and 12 cases with intrahepatic benign hyperplastic nodules. They were taken in 22 cases of 46 cases with @entity157 before and after the therapy. Fine-needles and automatic histological incised biopsy needles were used. The fresh biopsy tissue was produced into the single cell suspension, which was sent for DNA detection and ratio analysis of cell period. The ratio of each DNA period of cell proliferation of each group was calculated and compared with each other. The DNA @entity2007 ( @entity2007 ) and apoptosis cell peak were observed and their percentages were calculated. RESULTS: The ratios of S and G(2)/M periods of DNA, which reflect cell hyperproliferation, in the group with @entity96 >3 cm in diameter were markedly higher than those of the group with @entity157 nodules < or =3 cm in diameter and the group with the benign hyperplastic nodules (P<0.01 except A:B of S period, P<0.05). The ratios of the middle group were also apparently higher than those of the latter group (P<0.01). The ratio of DNA @entity2007 of 46 cases with @entity157 nodules was 34.8 % (16/46). None of the cases with the intrahepatic hyperplastic nodules appeared @entity2007 . The DNA @entity2007 appeared more apparently with the growth of the @entity5 . The @entity2007 ratio of the group with @entity5 >3 cm in diameter was 55 % (11/20), markedly higher than that of the group with @entity5 < or =3 cm in diameter which was 19.2 % (5/26) (P<0.01). The FCM DNA analysis of 22 specimens of @entity96 tissue before therapy showed that the @entity2007 peaks appeared in 5 cases (22.7 %). The ratio of G(1) period rose after therapy while the S period and G(2)/M ratios fell (P<0.01). The @entity2007 peak disappeared in the 5 cases after the therapy, while the apoptosis peaks in 12 cases (54.5 %) appeared. CONCLUSION: Addition to supply the information of the pathological morphology of the @entity5 , the ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration tissue could be sent for FCM DNA analysis to comprehend its pathological biological characteristics. This can not only provide the clinic the reliable information about the occurrence, development, diagnosis, curative effect and prognosis of @entity5 but also supply biological information for clinic to choose therapeutic schemes.

title: Biological characteristics of XXXX by ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy and its clinical application.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma', 'HCC tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['HCC']


abstract: The clinical and pathologic features of 60 @entity1911 were reviewed in an attempt to evaluate the utility of histopathologic evaluation in predicting the prognosis for these @entity5 . Fifty-five @entity5 were benign, and five were malignant, characterized either by histologically proved @entity3 or by extensive local invasion. The prevalence of all parameters studied was compared between the benign and malignant groups. Three differences were observed between the benign and @entity5 . The @entity5 were usually larger, had extensive areas of @entity39 , and were composed of small cells. In agreement with the results of previous investigations, the morphologic criteria generally used to predict the behavior of @entity5 , i.e., nuclear atypia, capsular and vascular invasion, and mitotic activity, were of little value in predicting the behavior of @entity1911 . @entity5 , all of which had membrane-bound, cytoplasmic granules, were examined electron microscopically. A minority of these @entity5 fit the classic descriptions of " @entity1063 " and "epinephrine" granules reported in the literature, while the majority of the granules had features of both types, precluding definitive classification. As a result of these observations, the currently accepted criteria of @entity1063 and @entity1425 granules were questioned. A review of the literature cast further doubt on the existence of a correlation between granule content and morphology. Both of the @entity1 with locally invasive @entity5 were alive and well eight and 28 years following diagnosis and radical surgery. In contrast, the @entity1 with histologically proved distant @entity3 died within one year of diagnosis. These observations suggest that locally invasive @entity5 may not have the same dismal prognosis as @entity1911 that have metastasized.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic review of 60 cases.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Fifteen tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['Adrenal pheochromocytoma']


abstract: We report on the use of penile tumescence assessment to diagnose a paraphiliac client who was in denial about his problem. An 18-year-old male was accused of sexually assaulting a 4-year-old @entity1 using physical restraint and vaginal penetration with a finger. During a @entity146 evaluation requested by the court, a comprehensive psychosexual assessment revealed that the subject was in denial about clarification of the paraphiliac experience. Penile tumescence under distinct visual stimulus was evaluated with electrobioimpedence volumetric assessment using @entity1 and adult female pictures in separate time frames. Both types of stimuli evoked arousal responses. However, @entity1 female stimuli demonstrated stronger responses than did adult female ones. Deviant sexual interest in @entity1 as well as a diagnosis of @entity40350 was implied. Paraphiliac clients tend to be in denial toward psychosexual assessment which limits the interpretation of its results. Penile tumescence assessment may be more reliable than psychosexual assessment alone for detecting and diagnosing @entity5494 . Further study is warranted in order to aid in more accurate diagnoses of @entity5494 .

title: Penile tumescence assessment used for a diagnosis of @entity5494 : a XXXX case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'child']

entities_list: @entity40350 :: ('MESH:D010378', 'Disease') :: ['pedophilia']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['paraphilia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity40350 :: (MESH:D010378,Disease) :: ['pedophilia']


abstract: We report on the use of penile tumescence assessment to diagnose a paraphiliac client who was in denial about his problem. An 18-year-old male was accused of sexually assaulting a 4-year-old @entity1 using physical restraint and vaginal penetration with a finger. During a @entity146 evaluation requested by the court, a comprehensive psychosexual assessment revealed that the subject was in denial about clarification of the paraphiliac experience. Penile tumescence under distinct visual stimulus was evaluated with electrobioimpedence volumetric assessment using @entity1 and adult female pictures in separate time frames. Both types of stimuli evoked arousal responses. However, @entity1 female stimuli demonstrated stronger responses than did adult female ones. Deviant sexual interest in @entity1 as well as a diagnosis of @entity40350 was implied. Paraphiliac clients tend to be in denial toward psychosexual assessment which limits the interpretation of its results. Penile tumescence assessment may be more reliable than psychosexual assessment alone for detecting and diagnosing @entity5494 . Further study is warranted in order to aid in more accurate diagnoses of @entity5494 .

title: Penile tumescence assessment used for a diagnosis of XXXX : a @entity40350 case report.

answer: @entity5494 :: (MESH:D010262,Disease) :: ['paraphilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine factors that help currently employed @entity1 with @entity309 , @entity6 or @entity393 to continue working. METHODS: This was a qualitative study that used three concept-mapping sessions. Sixty-nine @entity1 ( @entity309 21, @entity6 23, and @entity393 25) were recruited from the @entity1 records of the rheumatology, @entity6 , and audiology outpatients of the @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ), Amsterdam, and referrals from occupational physicians and @entity1 associations. An @entity625 consultant, a @entity6 consultant, and an audiologist screened the @entity1 for the used illness inclusion criteria. A researcher screened the @entity1 for the inclusion criteria of age and work. RESULTS: The main factors enabling employees to continue working were ability to cope with the illness, support from management and colleagues, adequate work conditions, support of @entity1 organizations and society, support of medical professionals and facilities, and benefits. The three groups of employees rated the priority of these factors differently. For the employees with @entity309 , the support of management was the most important, followed by self-acceptance, self-efficacy, and professional advice on how to cope at work. For those with @entity6 , self-acceptance, self-care, and support from management, colleagues and health professionals were the most important. For employees with @entity393 , being well informed about hearing equipment, reimbursement, and self-acceptance were the most important. A topic list was developed that can be used by health professionals as a guideline for exploring the work-related problems of @entity1 with a @entity102 . CONCLUSION: The results provide an understanding of the needs chronically ill employees have at work and the areas to which health professionals need to pay attention.

title: What employees with @entity309 , @entity6 and XXXX need to cope at work.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['AMC', 'Academic Medical Center']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine factors that help currently employed @entity1 with @entity309 , @entity6 or @entity393 to continue working. METHODS: This was a qualitative study that used three concept-mapping sessions. Sixty-nine @entity1 ( @entity309 21, @entity6 23, and @entity393 25) were recruited from the @entity1 records of the rheumatology, @entity6 , and audiology outpatients of the @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ), Amsterdam, and referrals from occupational physicians and @entity1 associations. An @entity625 consultant, a @entity6 consultant, and an audiologist screened the @entity1 for the used illness inclusion criteria. A researcher screened the @entity1 for the inclusion criteria of age and work. RESULTS: The main factors enabling employees to continue working were ability to cope with the illness, support from management and colleagues, adequate work conditions, support of @entity1 organizations and society, support of medical professionals and facilities, and benefits. The three groups of employees rated the priority of these factors differently. For the employees with @entity309 , the support of management was the most important, followed by self-acceptance, self-efficacy, and professional advice on how to cope at work. For those with @entity6 , self-acceptance, self-care, and support from management, colleagues and health professionals were the most important. For employees with @entity393 , being well informed about hearing equipment, reimbursement, and self-acceptance were the most important. A topic list was developed that can be used by health professionals as a guideline for exploring the work-related problems of @entity1 with a @entity102 . CONCLUSION: The results provide an understanding of the needs chronically ill employees have at work and the areas to which health professionals need to pay attention.

title: What employees with XXXX , @entity6 and @entity393 need to cope at work.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine factors that help currently employed @entity1 with @entity309 , @entity6 or @entity393 to continue working. METHODS: This was a qualitative study that used three concept-mapping sessions. Sixty-nine @entity1 ( @entity309 21, @entity6 23, and @entity393 25) were recruited from the @entity1 records of the rheumatology, @entity6 , and audiology outpatients of the @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ), Amsterdam, and referrals from occupational physicians and @entity1 associations. An @entity625 consultant, a @entity6 consultant, and an audiologist screened the @entity1 for the used illness inclusion criteria. A researcher screened the @entity1 for the inclusion criteria of age and work. RESULTS: The main factors enabling employees to continue working were ability to cope with the illness, support from management and colleagues, adequate work conditions, support of @entity1 organizations and society, support of medical professionals and facilities, and benefits. The three groups of employees rated the priority of these factors differently. For the employees with @entity309 , the support of management was the most important, followed by self-acceptance, self-efficacy, and professional advice on how to cope at work. For those with @entity6 , self-acceptance, self-care, and support from management, colleagues and health professionals were the most important. For employees with @entity393 , being well informed about hearing equipment, reimbursement, and self-acceptance were the most important. A topic list was developed that can be used by health professionals as a guideline for exploring the work-related problems of @entity1 with a @entity102 . CONCLUSION: The results provide an understanding of the needs chronically ill employees have at work and the areas to which health professionals need to pay attention.

title: What employees with @entity309 , XXXX and @entity393 need to cope at work.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Previous studies have reported an increased incidence of complications following neonatal @entity169 ( @entity169 ) in @entity1 . The incidence and natural history of postoperative hydrocele in such cases has not been described. A prospective follow-up study of a consecutive series of male @entity1 weighing less than 3 kg at the time of @entity169 was undertaken. Regular follow-up examinations were scheduled for at least 1 year. Thirty-eight @entity1 weighing less than 3 kg underwent @entity169 during an 18-month period. One subsequently died from complications of @entity3465 . Complete follow-up data were available for 29/37 (78%) @entity1 , yielding a total of 46 IHs. There were 2 recurrent @entity547 (4%), 2 unequivocally atrophic testes (4%), and 1 iatrogenic testicular ascent (2%). Five ipsilateral hydroceles complicated the postoperative course of 4 @entity1 (14% of @entity1 , 11% of herniotomies). Two of these were explored, but in neither case was a recurrent/residual patent processus vaginalis found. One hydrocele was aspirated without recurrence, and the remaining 2 resolved spontaneously. The complication rate in small @entity1 undergoing neonatal @entity169 is significantly higher than in older @entity1 . The presence of a hydrocele after neonatal @entity169 may simply reflect the accumulation of fluid in the distal hernia sac and, provided there is no evidence of a recurrent @entity169 , an expectant approach is recommended.

title: A prospective study of neonatal XXXX : the problem of the postoperative hydrocele.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal herniotomy', 'IH', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal herniotomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Disregulation of apoptosis within the vessel wall and upregulation of the @entity12 ( @entity12 ) system contribute to the development of @entity731 . Cross-sectional studies have suggested that elevated plasma levels of the soluble form of Fas (sFas) are associated with @entity65 . However, the role of sFas and sFas-L in predicting future cardiovascular events has yet to be defined. METHODS: We evaluated the role of plasma sFas and sFas-L levels as predictors of @entity65 in a prospective cohort of 107 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 . RESULTS: During the study period (27 months), 53 @entity1 (49.5%) presented with at least one cardiovascular end point. On univariate analysis, baseline sFas levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular end points, whereas sFas-L levels were not. Using Cox proportional hazards, increased sFas levels were associated with a significantly greater risk for cardiovascular end points (P = 0.03). This effect was independent of baseline @entity65 history, classic risk factors for @entity731 ( @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and smoking), and markers of @entity32 (C-reactive protein [CRP], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Increased CRP levels also were associated with cardiovascular end points (P = 0.04). In addition, increased cardiovascular mortality was found in @entity1 in the highest sFas tertile compared with those in the lowest tertile (27.8% versus 8.6%; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Increased plasma sFas levels are predictive of future @entity65 . These results suggest that sFas is a novel and independent predictor of active @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: Soluble Fas: a novel predictor of XXXX in dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Disregulation of apoptosis within the vessel wall and upregulation of the @entity12 ( @entity12 ) system contribute to the development of @entity731 . Cross-sectional studies have suggested that elevated plasma levels of the soluble form of Fas (sFas) are associated with @entity65 . However, the role of sFas and sFas-L in predicting future cardiovascular events has yet to be defined. METHODS: We evaluated the role of plasma sFas and sFas-L levels as predictors of @entity65 in a prospective cohort of 107 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 . RESULTS: During the study period (27 months), 53 @entity1 (49.5%) presented with at least one cardiovascular end point. On univariate analysis, baseline sFas levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular end points, whereas sFas-L levels were not. Using Cox proportional hazards, increased sFas levels were associated with a significantly greater risk for cardiovascular end points (P = 0.03). This effect was independent of baseline @entity65 history, classic risk factors for @entity731 ( @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and smoking), and markers of @entity32 (C-reactive protein [CRP], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Increased CRP levels also were associated with cardiovascular end points (P = 0.04). In addition, increased cardiovascular mortality was found in @entity1 in the highest sFas tertile compared with those in the lowest tertile (27.8% versus 8.6%; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Increased plasma sFas levels are predictive of future @entity65 . These results suggest that sFas is a novel and independent predictor of active @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: Soluble Fas: a novel predictor of @entity731 in dialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 71-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of systemic @entity4 and exertional @entity1353 . Chest radiographs revealed infiltrative shadows in both lung fields, @entity1143 , and @entity2294 . Seven years before, he had undergone gastric surgery for a gastric ulcer with @entity706 . In the pathologic diagnosis based on the percutaneous lung biopsy, hyalinizing @entity738 was suspected. For a more thorough diagnosis, the @entity1 was subjected to an open lung biopsy, and the final diagnosis was low-grade @entity1892 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) type. Gallium scintigraphy showed accentuated accumulation in the left neck and @entity1375 was present. Histologic re-examination of the resected stomach revealed infiltration of centrocyte-like cells and lymphoepithelial lesions, compatible with the pathologic features of @entity1074 . We considered that the @entity356 and the pulmonary, pleural, and @entity259 of @entity1074 had occurred seven years apart in this case. Thyroid hormone replacement and @entity3726 therapy improved the symptoms and @entity2 size by 73%. @entity1074 tend to remain localized for a long period. The multiorgan involvement seen in this case is rather rare.

title: [A case of pulmonary low-grade XXXX (MALT type) presenting seven years after gastric lymphoma resection].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['decreased the lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma of the MALT']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric neoplasm']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B cell lymphoma']


abstract: This research investigated the prevalence of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity734 in a midwestern university population following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, in New York City and Washington, DC. Three-hundred five subjects volunteered to complete a questionnaire which measured nine areas of psychosocial functioning which included demographics, personality, @entity1005 , @entity308 , prior traumatic experiences, @entity167 and drug use, @entity146 history and treatment, and current attitudes towards government, religion, the economy, and how @entity1 were affected by the events. The @entity1 lived in a large urban city over which United Flight 93 circled before crashing in Pennsylvania due to terrorist attacks. The subjects were forced to evacuate their university and city due to attacks on New York and errant United Flight 93. The study also replicated the first two national studies on @entity1005 prevalence (Schuster, et al., 2002; Galea, et al., 2002). The results found a prevalence rate of 5.9% for probable @entity1005 , matching identically previous national surveys. There were higher levels of @entity1005 and @entity308 for females, those with less education and who were single or unmarried, and those who had a prior history of mental health problems or psychological @entity130 . @entity1005 and @entity308 were associated with higher levels of @entity167 and drug use since September 11. Relations to active duty military personnel appear to moderate the perception of threat, suggesting the importance of affiliative kinship patterns to coping with stress. Finally, the concept of geographic and psychological proximity to the 'zone of danger' is discussed.

title: PSTD, major XXXX , and @entity734 following September 11, 2001, in a midwestern university population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'Major Depressive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: This research investigated the prevalence of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity734 in a midwestern university population following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, in New York City and Washington, DC. Three-hundred five subjects volunteered to complete a questionnaire which measured nine areas of psychosocial functioning which included demographics, personality, @entity1005 , @entity308 , prior traumatic experiences, @entity167 and drug use, @entity146 history and treatment, and current attitudes towards government, religion, the economy, and how @entity1 were affected by the events. The @entity1 lived in a large urban city over which United Flight 93 circled before crashing in Pennsylvania due to terrorist attacks. The subjects were forced to evacuate their university and city due to attacks on New York and errant United Flight 93. The study also replicated the first two national studies on @entity1005 prevalence (Schuster, et al., 2002; Galea, et al., 2002). The results found a prevalence rate of 5.9% for probable @entity1005 , matching identically previous national surveys. There were higher levels of @entity1005 and @entity308 for females, those with less education and who were single or unmarried, and those who had a prior history of mental health problems or psychological @entity130 . @entity1005 and @entity308 were associated with higher levels of @entity167 and drug use since September 11. Relations to active duty military personnel appear to moderate the perception of threat, suggesting the importance of affiliative kinship patterns to coping with stress. Finally, the concept of geographic and psychological proximity to the 'zone of danger' is discussed.

title: PSTD, major @entity308 , and XXXX following September 11, 2001, in a midwestern university population.

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance abuse']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case-series study. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, characteristic findings of imaging studies, and treatment of @entity614 caused by foraminal @entity850 in @entity309 . BACKGROUND. @entity75 in @entity309 are relatively rare, with a limited number of systemic reports. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity614 caused by foraminal @entity850 in @entity309 were treated. The @entity1 were all @entity1 with a mean age of 69 years and mean @entity309 duration of 15 years. The medical records and imaging studies of all @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: The affected nerve roots were L4 in four @entity1 and L3 in two @entity1 . Foraminal @entity850 was not demonstrated in magnetic resonance images in four of the six @entity1 . Selective radiculography with nerve @entity616 reproduced @entity158 , manifested blocking effect, and demonstrated compression of the nerve root by the superior articular process of the lower vertebra in all @entity1 . Conservative treatment was performed on one @entity1 , and surgery was conducted for the rest of the five @entity1 ; @entity614 was improved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar foraminal @entity850 is a characteristic pathology of @entity309 , and should be kept in mind in the diagnosis of @entity614 . Selective radiculography is useful in the diagnosis of affected nerve roots.

title: @entity614 caused by foraminal XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lumbar lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['root block']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case-series study. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, characteristic findings of imaging studies, and treatment of @entity614 caused by foraminal @entity850 in @entity309 . BACKGROUND. @entity75 in @entity309 are relatively rare, with a limited number of systemic reports. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity614 caused by foraminal @entity850 in @entity309 were treated. The @entity1 were all @entity1 with a mean age of 69 years and mean @entity309 duration of 15 years. The medical records and imaging studies of all @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: The affected nerve roots were L4 in four @entity1 and L3 in two @entity1 . Foraminal @entity850 was not demonstrated in magnetic resonance images in four of the six @entity1 . Selective radiculography with nerve @entity616 reproduced @entity158 , manifested blocking effect, and demonstrated compression of the nerve root by the superior articular process of the lower vertebra in all @entity1 . Conservative treatment was performed on one @entity1 , and surgery was conducted for the rest of the five @entity1 ; @entity614 was improved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar foraminal @entity850 is a characteristic pathology of @entity309 , and should be kept in mind in the diagnosis of @entity614 . Selective radiculography is useful in the diagnosis of affected nerve roots.

title: XXXX caused by foraminal @entity850 in @entity309 .

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Lumbar radiculopathy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case-series study. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, characteristic findings of imaging studies, and treatment of @entity614 caused by foraminal @entity850 in @entity309 . BACKGROUND. @entity75 in @entity309 are relatively rare, with a limited number of systemic reports. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity614 caused by foraminal @entity850 in @entity309 were treated. The @entity1 were all @entity1 with a mean age of 69 years and mean @entity309 duration of 15 years. The medical records and imaging studies of all @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: The affected nerve roots were L4 in four @entity1 and L3 in two @entity1 . Foraminal @entity850 was not demonstrated in magnetic resonance images in four of the six @entity1 . Selective radiculography with nerve @entity616 reproduced @entity158 , manifested blocking effect, and demonstrated compression of the nerve root by the superior articular process of the lower vertebra in all @entity1 . Conservative treatment was performed on one @entity1 , and surgery was conducted for the rest of the five @entity1 ; @entity614 was improved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar foraminal @entity850 is a characteristic pathology of @entity309 , and should be kept in mind in the diagnosis of @entity614 . Selective radiculography is useful in the diagnosis of affected nerve roots.

title: @entity614 caused by foraminal @entity850 in XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 or paraganglia are extremely rare and present a diagnostic dilemma. These @entity5 consist of a neuroendocrine component mixed with a neural component.We describe the imaging characteristics together with the corresponding pathological findings of a composite @entity5 . Apart from any component-specific imaging findings, the hallmark of this entity is the presence of histologically distinguishable components. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old Caucasian @entity1 was referred to our hospital due to a suspect lesion found on chest computed tomography carried out for unclear @entity158 . An abdominal computed tomography scan and ultrasound examination detected a retroperitoneal @entity5 comprising two different @entity5 components. Twenty-four-hour urine revealed high levels of @entity6531 , characteristic of a @entity5 . An octreoscan prior to surgical procedures revealed @entity99 . The final histopathological workup revealed a composite @entity1823 with @entity521 . Our @entity1 died ten months after the initial diagnosis from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Composite @entity1823 with @entity521 are rare @entity5 of the retroperitoneum. @entity5 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses.

title: Radiological and pathological findings of a metastatic composite @entity1823 with XXXX in a @entity1 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity6531 :: ('MESH:D009647', 'Chemical') :: ['normetanephrine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor-associated complications', 'Composite tumors of the adrenal medulla', 'Such tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pain']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['multiple osseous and intra-hepatic metastases']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 or paraganglia are extremely rare and present a diagnostic dilemma. These @entity5 consist of a neuroendocrine component mixed with a neural component.We describe the imaging characteristics together with the corresponding pathological findings of a composite @entity5 . Apart from any component-specific imaging findings, the hallmark of this entity is the presence of histologically distinguishable components. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old Caucasian @entity1 was referred to our hospital due to a suspect lesion found on chest computed tomography carried out for unclear @entity158 . An abdominal computed tomography scan and ultrasound examination detected a retroperitoneal @entity5 comprising two different @entity5 components. Twenty-four-hour urine revealed high levels of @entity6531 , characteristic of a @entity5 . An octreoscan prior to surgical procedures revealed @entity99 . The final histopathological workup revealed a composite @entity1823 with @entity521 . Our @entity1 died ten months after the initial diagnosis from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Composite @entity1823 with @entity521 are rare @entity5 of the retroperitoneum. @entity5 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses.

title: Radiological and pathological findings of a metastatic composite XXXX with @entity521 in a @entity1 : a case report.

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 or paraganglia are extremely rare and present a diagnostic dilemma. These @entity5 consist of a neuroendocrine component mixed with a neural component.We describe the imaging characteristics together with the corresponding pathological findings of a composite @entity5 . Apart from any component-specific imaging findings, the hallmark of this entity is the presence of histologically distinguishable components. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old Caucasian @entity1 was referred to our hospital due to a suspect lesion found on chest computed tomography carried out for unclear @entity158 . An abdominal computed tomography scan and ultrasound examination detected a retroperitoneal @entity5 comprising two different @entity5 components. Twenty-four-hour urine revealed high levels of @entity6531 , characteristic of a @entity5 . An octreoscan prior to surgical procedures revealed @entity99 . The final histopathological workup revealed a composite @entity1823 with @entity521 . Our @entity1 died ten months after the initial diagnosis from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Composite @entity1823 with @entity521 are rare @entity5 of the retroperitoneum. @entity5 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses.

title: Radiological and pathological findings of a metastatic composite @entity1823 with @entity521 in a XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The authors report three cases of @entity1822 of the small intestine and review the literature on this subject. @entity1822 of the small intestine are rare @entity5 , representing 0.2% of all @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract. These large, round, hypervascular @entity5 are derived from smooth muscle cells in the intestinal wall and often develop extra-luminally. The malignant nature is often difficult to confirm on the histological examination. The clinical signs often only appear when the @entity5 has reached a large volume. It is rare to make the diagnosis pre-operatively, despite the use of a number of investigations. Arteriography is the most reliable examination. Spread of the disease is essentially haematogenous. The @entity5 invades adjacent organs, causes hepatic metastases and peritoneal seedlings and tends to recur locally. The treatment is essentially surgical and the prognosis varies according to the size of the @entity5 , its grade, its activity and its degree of extension. The 5-year survival of all forms of the disease varies between 20 and 50%, according to the series.

title: [ XXXX of the small intestine. Apropos of 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcomas', 'leiomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate fluorescence cystoscopy with @entity29721 (HAL) in the early detection of @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ) and @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) in select high risk @entity1 . METHODS: We selected 30 consecutive @entity150 @entity1 at high risk for progression. After endoscopic resection, all @entity1 received (a) induction BCG schedule when needed, and (b) white light and fluorescence cystoscopy after 3 months. HAL at doses of 85 mg (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom) dissolved in 50 ml of solvent to obtain an 8 mmol/L solution was instilled intravesically with a 12 Fr catheter into an empty bladder and left for 90 minutes. The solution was freshly prepared immediately before instillation. Cystoscopy was performed within 120 minutes of bladder emptying. Standard and fluorescence cystoscopy was performed using a double light system (Combilight PDD light source 5133, Wolf, Germany) which allowed an inspection under both white and blue light. RESULTS: The overall incidence was 43.3% @entity1141 , 23.3% @entity2735 , and 13.3% superficial transitional cell @entity5 . In 21 @entity1 , HAL cystoscopy was positive with one or more fluorescent flat lesions. Of the positive cases, there were 4 @entity2735 , 10 @entity1141 , 2 association of @entity2735 and @entity1141 , 4 well-differentiated non-infiltrating @entity150 , and 1 chronic @entity2335 . In 9 @entity1 with negative HAL results, random biopsies showed 1 @entity2735 and 1 @entity1141 . HAL cystoscopy showed 90.1% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity with 95.2% positive predictive value and 77.8% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic diagnosis should be considered a very important tool in the diagnosis of potentially evolving flat lesions on the bladder mucosa such as @entity1141 and @entity2735 . Moreover, detection of @entity75 that are considered precursors of @entity2735 may play an important role in preventing disease progression. In our opinion, HAL cystoscopy should be recommended in the early follow-up of high risk @entity1 .

title: Early detection of urothelial premalignant lesions using hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy in high risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasic lesions']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity29721 :: ('MESH:C419924', 'Chemical') :: ['hexaminolevulinate']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['DYS', 'dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression, contribution and regulation of predominant inflammatory cytokines in the inflammation process of in a @entity19 model of keratomycosis. METHODS: It was an experimental study. Two hundred forty inbred BALB/c @entity19 were randomly divided into four groups (injury control group, @entity10437 infected group, A. fumigatus infected group and @entity5132 infected group) and establishment @entity364 was performed. At 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after @entity281 , the photographs of their corneas were taken using the slit lamp and the digital camera system. The presence of inflammatory cells and fungal hyphae were observed by HE and PAS staining. Four inflammatory cytokines in infectious corneas, including @entity9701 , KC, @entity635 , and @entity777 , were detected respectively for expression of mRNA and protein levels, using RT-PCR and ELISA. One-way ANOVA was used to test the comparisons of the clinical scoring, RT-PCR, and ELISA, and LSD was used to test multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The course and inflammatory reaction of corneal tissue in all infected group increased at day 3 and 5 and gradually decreased after day 7 with time. The RT-PCR results showed, the mRNA expression levels of @entity9701 and @entity635 were the highest in A. fumigatus infected group, and the expression levels of KC was the highest in @entity5132 infected group. Additionally, the expression levels of @entity777 were found to be the highest in @entity10437 infected group. The mRNA expression levels of @entity635 and KC in each experimental group were higher than those of @entity777 and @entity9701 . The peak expression levels of @entity9701 , KC, and @entity635 occurred at day 5, day 1, and day 3 in @entity10437 infected group, A. fumigatus infected group and @entity5132 infected group, respectively. However, the peak expression level of @entity777 occurred at day 1 and 7, day 1 and 7, and day 1 and 5 in the @entity10437 , A. fumigatus, and @entity5132 groups, respectively. The difference of mRNA expression of each cytokine had statistically significant between each groups ( @entity9701 : F = 1675.339, P < 0.01; KC: F = 730.267, P < 0.01; @entity635 : F = 297.106, P < 0.01; @entity777 : F = 174.513, P < 0.01). The protein expression levels of the four cytokines in the infected groups from high to low in turn were @entity635 , @entity9701 , KC and @entity777 . The trend of protein expression of the four cytokines at each time point was the same as the cytokine mRNA expression in different experimental groups as well as within the same group. The difference of protein expression of each cytokine had statistically significant between each groups ( @entity9701 : F = 2871.736, P < 0.01; KC:F = 886.598, P < 0.01; @entity635 : F = 3595.488, P < 0.01; @entity777 : F = 89.225, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of @entity9701 , KC and @entity635 are closely related to the performance of the disease severity and inflammatory reaction of FK. The expression of @entity9701 and @entity635 may play important role in the pathogenesis of FK.

title: [Expression of inflammatory cytokines in a XXXX model of keratomycosis].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The risk of @entity177 after thoracic endovascular aortic repair is not widely established. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of @entity177 . METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, 175 consecutive @entity1 underwent 210 procedures at 2 tertiary academic institutions. Similar nephroprotective protocols and intravascular ultrasound were used. Retrospective analysis was performed. Generalized linear model was used to identify factors associated with change in postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS: Underlying @entity2333 included 103 @entity439 , 72 dissections, 21 transections, and 14 penetrating @entity1066 . Median preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate was 65 mL    @entity1009 m(-2). Contrast media averaged 108.7    69.8 mL. Median estimated glomerular filtration rates within 48 hours and 30 days were 69 and 67 mL    @entity1009 m(-2), respectively. Rates of @entity810 risk (>25% estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease), @entity810 (>50% estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease), acute kidney function failure (>75% estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease), and hemodialysis were 9.8% (19/193), 1.6% (3/193), 0% (0/193), and 0.5% (1/193), respectively. Rates of @entity8 at 1 month and 6 months were 13.3% (10/75) and 17.7% (6/34), respectively. Risk factors for @entity810 were @entity551 , @entity64 , @entity295 , lengthy procedures, and number of stents; at 1 and 6 months they were increased age, male gender, African American race, @entity6 , chronic @entity358 , smoking, and zone 0 to 1 graft deployment. Obesity was nephroprotective. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic aortic endograft has a significant rate of @entity8 ; however, it is lower in this cohort than in previous smaller series. Routine use of intravascular ultrasound and reduced contrast may have contributed to lower rates of @entity177 .

title: Incidence and risk factors of XXXX after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal dysfunction', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic diseases']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hypotension']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: This report summarises the findings of a European Consensus Group review of current standards of care in locally advanced @entity263 defined as (a) untreated @entity5 extending clinically beyond the prostatic capsule in @entity1 with no evidence of lymph node invasion or distant metastases, and (b) @entity66 remaining after local treatment with positive surgical margins, @entity3 , persistent @entity1486 and/or secondary @entity1486 relapse. There was no overall consensus as to the standard of care in clinically apparent locally advanced @entity263 . It was agreed, however, that hormonal therapy (e.g. with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue [ @entity4397 ]) represents a valid treatment in these @entity1 . Treatment practices and regimens vary considerably between European countries, but @entity4397 is widely used, either alone or in combination with antiandrogens. Hormonal therapy alone is a valid option, though the optimal modality, timing and duration of treatment remain to be defined. Adjuvant therapy with a @entity4397 has been shown to improve survival in @entity1 undergoing external beam radiotherapy. It is a viable option after prostatectomy in @entity1 with persistent or secondary relapsing @entity1486 . It was determined that optimal treatment will be different according to @entity1486 , clinical staging and Gleason score, and the treatment of locally advanced disease should be individually tailored after discussion between physician and @entity1 . In many instances, @entity1 prefer and expect some form of treatment in preference to watchful waiting. Treatment nomograms such as the Kattan nomograms provide precise, comprehensive and invaluable tools for everyday use and may be used to predict outcomes and guide treatment decisions.

title: Management of locally advanced XXXX : a European consensus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Transient @entity741 , with attendant sympathetic hyperactivity, seems to play a major role in sudden @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity741 . @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and fibrillation (VF) are consistently and repeatedly elicited in @entity468 by the interaction between a 2-minute occlusion of the left descending coronary artery and a 30-second stimulation of the left stellate ganglion. When three consecutive trials yield almost identical results, time alone will not modify the response and a given drug can be injected to test its efficacy with an internal control analysis. In 90 @entity468 the efficacy of the following drugs was assessed: @entity3303 (n = 11), @entity2683 (n = 12), @entity2779 (n = 12), @entity1169 (n = 19), @entity3159 (n = 10), @entity2643 (n = 14), and @entity1855 (n = 12). Class I antiarrhythmic drugs completely failed to afford protection and worsening of @entity943 was observed in several instances. @entity1169 and @entity3159 showed efficacy in approximately 80% and 60% of the animals, respectively. @entity2643 and @entity1855 completely prevented the onset of @entity1165 and VF. Protection from @entity943 seems to be related to the combined presence of a noncompetitive adrenergic blockade associated with salutary effects on coronary circulation. These findings correlate with and help to explain the results of clinical trials in @entity1188 @entity1 . This model may help to provide a rational choice of antiarrhythmic drugs to be tested in clinical trials.

title: The effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on life-threatening XXXX induced by the interaction between acute @entity741 and sympathetic hyperactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: Transient @entity741 , with attendant sympathetic hyperactivity, seems to play a major role in sudden @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity741 . @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and fibrillation (VF) are consistently and repeatedly elicited in @entity468 by the interaction between a 2-minute occlusion of the left descending coronary artery and a 30-second stimulation of the left stellate ganglion. When three consecutive trials yield almost identical results, time alone will not modify the response and a given drug can be injected to test its efficacy with an internal control analysis. In 90 @entity468 the efficacy of the following drugs was assessed: @entity3303 (n = 11), @entity2683 (n = 12), @entity2779 (n = 12), @entity1169 (n = 19), @entity3159 (n = 10), @entity2643 (n = 14), and @entity1855 (n = 12). Class I antiarrhythmic drugs completely failed to afford protection and worsening of @entity943 was observed in several instances. @entity1169 and @entity3159 showed efficacy in approximately 80% and 60% of the animals, respectively. @entity2643 and @entity1855 completely prevented the onset of @entity1165 and VF. Protection from @entity943 seems to be related to the combined presence of a noncompetitive adrenergic blockade associated with salutary effects on coronary circulation. These findings correlate with and help to explain the results of clinical trials in @entity1188 @entity1 . This model may help to provide a rational choice of antiarrhythmic drugs to be tested in clinical trials.

title: The effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on life-threatening @entity943 induced by the interaction between acute XXXX and sympathetic hyperactivity.

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Two hundred twenty-four @entity1 underwent ventricular programmed stimulation (VPS) without prior documentation of the clinical occurrence of sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). Indications for VPS were: palpitations or nonsustained @entity1165 during ambulatory monitoring (85 @entity1 ), @entity1163 or @entity1163 (137 @entity1 ), and a family history of @entity944 (two @entity1 ). @entity2224 requiring transthoracic defibrillation was initiated by VPS in 18 @entity1 (8.0%). Four @entity1 were treated for inducible @entity2224 with antiarrhythmic agents directed by electropharmacologic testing; five @entity1 were treated empirically; nine @entity1 received no therapy. No @entity1 has had a @entity1167 or @entity944 during a follow-up period 25.2 +/- 13.8 months (mean +/- standard deviation). @entity2224 was initiated by two ventricular extrastimuli in three @entity1 and by three extrastimuli in 15 @entity1 . The incidence of @entity2224 was similar in @entity1 with and without previous symptoms (8.8% vs 6.9%) or @entity299 (7.1% vs 9.6%). It was significantly higher when VPS at three ventricular sites with a current of 5 mA (pulse width 2 msec) was compared to programmed stimulation at two ventricular sites with a current twice diastolic threshold (pulse width 2 msec) (15.2% vs 3.0%, p less than 0.05). @entity2224 initiated by VPS in @entity1 without prior @entity1165 or @entity2224 appears to be a nonspecific finding. Antiarrhythmic therapy for @entity2224 may not be necessary in these @entity1 .

title: Clinical significance of XXXX induced by ventricular programmed stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'presyncope']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Sustained VF', 'ventricular fibrillation-flutter']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation-flutter']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of oral @entity10719 therapy for the suppression of @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) were assessed in two clinical trials pooled for analysis. Thirty-two @entity1 suffering from @entity299 , who had experienced an average of greater than or equal to 10 @entity1540 /h (range 14 to 996 three times a day) on Holter monitoring during a 24-hour baseline study period, were given @entity10719 (100 mg three times a day to 400 mg four times a day) over 4 weeks. Three @entity1 were withdrawn from the study for administrative reasons, and four @entity1 were excluded from the efficacy analysis. Of the 25 remaining @entity1 (24 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; mean age 56 years, range 37 to 69), 18 (72%) experienced some reduction in @entity1540 from the second through the fourth week of therapy. Eleven @entity1 (44%) experienced clinically significant reductions (greater than or equal to 75%) in @entity1540 . The onset of the antiarrhythmic effect of @entity10719 was within 7 days of administration. Transient mild to moderate side effects were noted in eight @entity1 . Significant correlations (p less than 0.001) were observed between the mean daily dose of @entity10719 and (1) mean blood levels, (2) reduction in @entity1540 , and (3) reduction in resting heart rate. The average daily dose of @entity10719 ranged from 304 to 1060 mg. In nine @entity1 receiving @entity10719 in a 12-month open-label extension, both efficacy and safety were maintained. This study confirms that oral @entity10719 therapy in both safe and efficacious for suppressing @entity1540 in @entity1 with @entity299 .

title: XXXX for @entity1540 : short- and long-term effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10719 :: ('MESH:D000070', 'Chemical') :: ['acebutolol']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

answer: @entity10719 :: (MESH:D000070,Chemical) :: ['Acebutolol']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of oral @entity10719 therapy for the suppression of @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) were assessed in two clinical trials pooled for analysis. Thirty-two @entity1 suffering from @entity299 , who had experienced an average of greater than or equal to 10 @entity1540 /h (range 14 to 996 three times a day) on Holter monitoring during a 24-hour baseline study period, were given @entity10719 (100 mg three times a day to 400 mg four times a day) over 4 weeks. Three @entity1 were withdrawn from the study for administrative reasons, and four @entity1 were excluded from the efficacy analysis. Of the 25 remaining @entity1 (24 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; mean age 56 years, range 37 to 69), 18 (72%) experienced some reduction in @entity1540 from the second through the fourth week of therapy. Eleven @entity1 (44%) experienced clinically significant reductions (greater than or equal to 75%) in @entity1540 . The onset of the antiarrhythmic effect of @entity10719 was within 7 days of administration. Transient mild to moderate side effects were noted in eight @entity1 . Significant correlations (p less than 0.001) were observed between the mean daily dose of @entity10719 and (1) mean blood levels, (2) reduction in @entity1540 , and (3) reduction in resting heart rate. The average daily dose of @entity10719 ranged from 304 to 1060 mg. In nine @entity1 receiving @entity10719 in a 12-month open-label extension, both efficacy and safety were maintained. This study confirms that oral @entity10719 therapy in both safe and efficacious for suppressing @entity1540 in @entity1 with @entity299 .

title: @entity10719 for XXXX : short- and long-term effects.

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['premature ventricular contractions']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effects of @entity432 and body position on bilateral sternocleidomastoid electromyographic (EMG) activity. The study was performed on 20 healthy subjects with natural dentition and bilateral molar support. During @entity432 (working side), each individual had to present @entity235 guidance on one side and group function on the opposite side, without balancing-side contacts. Integrated EMG (IEMG) recordings were performed by placing bipolar surface electrodes on the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles. IEMG activity was recorded seated upright with the head unsupported and in the right and the left lateral decubitus body positions (head, neck and body horizontally aligned), under the following experimental conditions: 1. Maximal @entity2798 in the intercuspal position; 2. Laterotrusive occlusal excursion with @entity235 guidance; 3. Laterotrusive occlusal excursion with group function. Bilateral sternocleidomastoid IEMG activity with @entity235 guidance or group function was significantly lower than the intercuspal position in both body positions. In the seated upright position, significantly lower activity was observed with @entity235 guidance than in group function. In the lateral decubitus position activity was similar with both laterotrusive occlusal schemes and significantly higher than seated upright. Results suggest that both @entity432 and body position have significant influence on sternocleidomastoid IEMG activity. The clinical relevance of both factors is discussed.

title: Effects of XXXX and body position on bilateral sternocleidomastoid EMG activity.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['laterotrusive occlusal scheme', 'laterotrusive occlusal excursion']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary clenching']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['laterotrusive occlusal scheme']


abstract: Thirty-five couples with a variety of @entity249 problems were treated by a sperm-washing and intrauterine-insemination method. The husband's semen was washed with a modified Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham's medium to obtain a seminal plasma-free, highly concentrated sperm suspension for intrauterine insemination. Couples receiving these inseminations were evaluated by semen analysis, zona-free hamster egg penetration test (EPT), @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), and other appropriate @entity249 tests to determine the possible cause of @entity249 . The pregnancy rate as a group was 17%, while the spontaneous rate was found to be only 7%. @entity1 with a poor @entity1062 result had a good success rate (25%) especially if the male's fertilizing ability appeared normal in the EPT (50% success). This treatment did not help @entity1 with poor EPT results or reduced sperm concentration (5% and 0% success). By excluding unsuccessful @entity1 attempting less than three months, the calculated conception rate for this treatment @entity16222 %. No @entity281 or other serious complications were reported. It is concluded that this method is an uncomplicated and effective treatment for certain @entity249 @entity1 . The @entity1 most likely to be assisted by this method can be identified by using the EPT, @entity1062 , and @entity1062 , and these @entity1 should be treated for a minimum of three cycles.

title: Treatment of XXXX @entity1 by intrauterine insemination of washed spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['post-coital test', 'PCT', 'antisperm antibody test', 'ASAT']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: Thirty-five couples with a variety of @entity249 problems were treated by a sperm-washing and intrauterine-insemination method. The husband's semen was washed with a modified Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham's medium to obtain a seminal plasma-free, highly concentrated sperm suspension for intrauterine insemination. Couples receiving these inseminations were evaluated by semen analysis, zona-free hamster egg penetration test (EPT), @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), and other appropriate @entity249 tests to determine the possible cause of @entity249 . The pregnancy rate as a group was 17%, while the spontaneous rate was found to be only 7%. @entity1 with a poor @entity1062 result had a good success rate (25%) especially if the male's fertilizing ability appeared normal in the EPT (50% success). This treatment did not help @entity1 with poor EPT results or reduced sperm concentration (5% and 0% success). By excluding unsuccessful @entity1 attempting less than three months, the calculated conception rate for this treatment @entity16222 %. No @entity281 or other serious complications were reported. It is concluded that this method is an uncomplicated and effective treatment for certain @entity249 @entity1 . The @entity1 most likely to be assisted by this method can be identified by using the EPT, @entity1062 , and @entity1062 , and these @entity1 should be treated for a minimum of three cycles.

title: Treatment of @entity249 XXXX by intrauterine insemination of washed spermatozoa.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our experience with single stage @entity2650 repair in 96 @entity1 over a 12-month period is reviewed. The ages ranged from 7 months to 14 years with an average of 3.5 years. Seventeen @entity1 were 18 months or younger at the time of operation. Meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) was performed in 46 @entity1 mainly with coronal and @entity2650 . There was a @entity292 rate of 4%. The modified Mathieu and Mustarde operations were used for subcoronal and @entity2650 . The transverse preputial island flap technique was found to be very versatile and was employed in 33 @entity1 . The @entity292 rate was 18% and proximal urethral stricture rate 9%. These complication rates are considered quite acceptable in busy centers where surgeons in training are involved in these operations. It is concluded that by mastering a relatively limited number of techniques, single stage @entity2650 reconstruction can be undertaken in almost all cases at the optimal time.

title: Experience with single stage XXXX reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['distal hypospadias', 'glanular hypospadias', 'primary hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: The systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function was studied by M-mode echocardiography in 60 @entity1 with @entity8674 (mean age +/- SD, 17.1 +/- 7.5 years) and 30 healthy controls (15.4 +/- 3.8 years). In thalassemic @entity1 , echocardiograms were obtained 48 h posttransfusion, with a mean hemoglobin level of 12.4 +/- 0.9 g/dl. To examination time, thalassemic @entity1 had received 30-774 blood units (318 +/- 176). @entity712 ( @entity712 ) was present in 14 thalassemic @entity1 (19.6 +/- 3.4 years), while 46 (16.3 +/- 8.2 years) had no clinical signs of @entity712 . Global LV function study showed enlarged LV dimensions in thalassemic @entity1 with @entity712 (p less than 0.001) and similar cavity size in controls and @entity1 without @entity712 (p = NS). The same was true for velocity measurements, while diastolic LV indices had similar values in all groups (p = NS). Segmental LV function study showed no significant differences in systolic and diastolic LV posterior wall behavior between thalassemic @entity1 and controls, and even more, between thalassemic @entity1 with and without @entity712 , while it was independent of @entity68 load. These findings indicate that global and segmental LV function in thalassemic @entity1 remain within normal limits until the final stages of the disease. @entity712 onset marks the deterioration of LV systolic performance, while global and segmental diastolic indices do not change significantly. The above findings question the role of @entity68 overload in the development of @entity712 in @entity8674 .

title: Global and segmental left ventricular function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid isolates of @entity328 , collected during the years 1997-2000 at more than 100 Belgian laboratories were studied. The 10 most common serotypes-serogroups representing 76% of the isolates were 14, 6, 9, 19, 23, 18, 4, 10, 8 and 12 (in order of frequency). Thirty-six percent of strains were isolated in @entity1 < 5 years old. In this age group the number of serogroups was more limited and 81.4% are included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Decreased susceptibility to @entity114 was observed in 13.9% of 237 strains (MIC > 0.06 mg/L), with only 2.1% resistant strains (MIC > 1 mg/L). Twelve strains showed reduced susceptibility to @entity3524 (MIC > 0.5 mg/L). Only three of the 237 strains were intermediately susceptible to meropenem. All strains were susceptible to @entity2176 and @entity3477 . In Belgium, high doses of third generation cephalosporins remain effective for the treatment of @entity2506 . The new @entity2887 seem the most promising agents for the treatment of @entity2506 in the future.

title: Antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of 240 XXXX causing meningitis in Belgium 1997-2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Immunodiffusion experiments were conducted to associate a precipitin line with @entity526 heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Wild strains of porcine and of @entity1 enteropathogenic @entity526 as well as laboratory-derived enterotoxigenic variants of @entity2624 were used for LT antigen preparations. These were produced mainly by ultrafiltration and @entity1329 precipitation of broth culture supernatants. When antisera with anti-LT activity were reacted with antigen preparations from Ent(+) and Ent(-) variants of @entity2624 , a line "a" was given by Ent(+) but not by Ent(-) preparations. Line "a" was removed by absorption of anti-LT serum with antigen preparation from an Ent(+) @entity2624 , but was unaffected when the antigen preparation used to absorb the serum was from an Ent(-) @entity2624 . A line identical to "a" was given by antigen preparations from wild strains of porcine enteropathogenic @entity526 reacted with homologous or heterologous anti-LT sera. One @entity1 of enteropathogenic @entity526 was shown to possess an antigen identical to that which gave rise to line "a." To demonstrate this line it was necessary to use high concentrations of gammaglobulin and high concentrations of the crude antigen preparations. LT preparations reacted with anticholera toxin to give a line "c," which showed a reaction of partial identity with line "b" produced by reaction of pure @entity53539 and anticholera toxin. Lines "a" and "c" gave reactions of identity.

title: Immunological study of the heat-labile enterotoxins of XXXX and Vibrio cholerae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human strain', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity53539 :: ('MESH:D002772', 'Chemical') :: ['choleragenoid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Anatomic evidence suggests that @entity29591 (Leu5-enk) may be involved in the physiologic control of @entity358 . Information regarding its pulmonary vascular effect is limited; we therefore studied its effect on the immature pulmonary circulation. Normoxic and @entity519 unsedated newborn @entity742 with chronically implanted flow probes around the right and left pulmonary arteries were used. Leu5-enk was injected into one pulmonary artery only, so that any direct effect of the peptide on the pulmonary vessels could be determined by measuring changes in the ratio of blood flow to the injected versus the non-injected lung. Leu5-enk caused a small but significant @entity101 without increasing cardiac output or left atrial pressure (threshold = 1 microgram/kg); it is therefore a pulmonary vasoconstrictor. At a dose of 10 micrograms/kg, Leu5-enk also raised pulmonary artery pressure (20.6 mmHg to 23.9 mmHg; F(8,36) = 15.1 p less than 0.001) and calculated PAR (14.6 to 16.1 units; NS). However, the ratio of blood flow to the two lungs did not change; thus, Leu5-enk does not appear to directly act on pulmonary vessels, but rather through an intermediary to produce pulmonary vasoconstriction. This indirect pulmonary vasoconstriction was blocked by pretreatment with @entity1510 (3 mg/kg). We conclude that Leu5-enk is a pulmonary vasoconstrictor, albeit a weak one, in the lamb and may therefore play a role in @entity358 . This vasoconstriction does not seem to be due to a direct effect on pulmonary vessels by Leu5-enk, but may be effected through a neural or hormonal intermediary.

title: Pulmonary vascular effects of @entity29591 in conscious newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in pulmonary artery pressure']

entities_list: @entity29591 :: ('MESH:D004743', 'Chemical') :: ['leu5-enkephalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular homeostasis', 'pulmonary vascular tone']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: Anatomic evidence suggests that @entity29591 (Leu5-enk) may be involved in the physiologic control of @entity358 . Information regarding its pulmonary vascular effect is limited; we therefore studied its effect on the immature pulmonary circulation. Normoxic and @entity519 unsedated newborn @entity742 with chronically implanted flow probes around the right and left pulmonary arteries were used. Leu5-enk was injected into one pulmonary artery only, so that any direct effect of the peptide on the pulmonary vessels could be determined by measuring changes in the ratio of blood flow to the injected versus the non-injected lung. Leu5-enk caused a small but significant @entity101 without increasing cardiac output or left atrial pressure (threshold = 1 microgram/kg); it is therefore a pulmonary vasoconstrictor. At a dose of 10 micrograms/kg, Leu5-enk also raised pulmonary artery pressure (20.6 mmHg to 23.9 mmHg; F(8,36) = 15.1 p less than 0.001) and calculated PAR (14.6 to 16.1 units; NS). However, the ratio of blood flow to the two lungs did not change; thus, Leu5-enk does not appear to directly act on pulmonary vessels, but rather through an intermediary to produce pulmonary vasoconstriction. This indirect pulmonary vasoconstriction was blocked by pretreatment with @entity1510 (3 mg/kg). We conclude that Leu5-enk is a pulmonary vasoconstrictor, albeit a weak one, in the lamb and may therefore play a role in @entity358 . This vasoconstriction does not seem to be due to a direct effect on pulmonary vessels by Leu5-enk, but may be effected through a neural or hormonal intermediary.

title: Pulmonary vascular effects of XXXX in conscious newborn @entity742 .

answer: @entity29591 :: (MESH:D004743,Chemical) :: ['Leu5-enkephalin']


abstract: This study investigated the regulation of growth hormone (GH) release in stallions and tested the hypothesis that the somatotrophic axis influences testicular function. Basal plasma GH concentrations, effects of an experimental decrease of GH release on testicular function and an opioidergic regulation of GH release were investigated in Shetland stallions (n=6). No seasonal variations in plasma GH concentrations were found over a 12-month period. Treatment with the @entity1943 analogue octreotid (100mg twice daily over 10 days) caused a decrease in semen motility from 38.7+/-8.4% progressively motile spermatozoa before treatment to 18.3+/-5.4% on day 3 after end of treatment (P<0.05). Values returned to 35.0+/-8.5% on day 5 after treatment. On the last day of octreotid treatment, a hCG stimulation test was performed (3000IU hCG i.v.). The hCG-induced @entity251 release was significantly higher in saline treated than in octreotid pretreated animals (P<0.05). Neither plasma GH concentrations nor volume and density of ejaculates, total sperm count, or semen morphology were different between saline and octreotid treatments. Injection of the opioid antagonist @entity1510 (0.5mg/kg) significantly increased GH release in June (from 1.1+/-0.3ng/ml before to 3.7+/-2.2), while a minor and not significant increase occurred in January. In conclusion, our results indicate a non-seasonal basal GH release with a fine-modulation by season-dependent opioidergic mechanisms in the male @entity1641 . A transient decrease in semen motility and hCG-induced @entity251 release following ocreotid treatment indicate a role of GH in the regulation of testicular function in stallions.

title: XXXX treatment affects testicular function in stallions.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: The objective of this paper was to present estimates on the prevalence of @entity4512 of five different anatomical areas and ten anatomical sites, and their consequences and risk groups in the general Dutch population. Cross-sectional data from a population-based study of a sex-age stratified sample of Dutch inhabitants of 25 years and older were used. With a postal questionnaire data was assessed on @entity4512 , additional @entity158 characteristics (location, duration, course), its consequences (utilization of health care, sick leave and limitation in daily life) and general socio-demographic characteristics. The top three of self-reported @entity4512 (point prevalence (P(p)) with 95% confidence interval (CI)) was: (1). @entity1643 , P(p)=26.9% (95% CI 25.5-28.3); (2). @entity158 , P(p)=20.9% (95% CI 19.6-22.2); and (3). @entity4048 , P(p)=20.6% (95% CI 19.3-21.9). In most cases the @entity158 was described as continuous or recurrent and mild. In every three out of ten cases the complaints about @entity158 were accompanied by limitations in daily living. Between 33 and 42% of those with complaints consulted their general practitioner about their @entity158 . With the exception of @entity1 who are work disabled, general sociodemographic characteristics cannot be used to identify high risk groups. @entity4512 is common in all subgroups of the population and has far-reaching consequences for health, work and the use of health care.

title: XXXX in the Netherlands: prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC(3)-study.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'shoulder pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: The records of 46 @entity1 with @entity884 diagnosed either clinically or post-mortem were analyzed. Twenty-six @entity1 were over 60 years of age. @entity794 was the predominant organism, almost exclusively found in @entity1 with @entity697 . Thirty-six @entity1 had pre-existing @entity299 , the most common being non-rheumatic @entity340 and @entity154 . Two thirds of the @entity1 , especially those with @entity337 , developed new or progressive @entity712 . A correct clinical diagnosis was established in only 30 @entity1 . Twenty-three @entity1 died, the mortality being 71% in acute and 32% in subacute disease. Only one of eight @entity1 with @entity281 died. Four @entity1 required urgent valve replacement. Early surgical intervention should be considered in @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity712 .

title: Ten years of XXXX : a clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve infection']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular calcification']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']