abstract: UNASSIGNED: Risk stratification of @entity740 ( @entity3257 ) is clinically important because such @entity1 are at high risk of @entity65 . Although reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are reported to be closely associated with the pathophysiology of @entity3257 , there are few useful ROS biomarkers known for @entity3257 @entity1 . Hence, our objectives in this study were to investigate whether serum derivatives of reactive @entity26 metabolites (DROM), a novel biomarker of ROS, is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3257 (case-control study), and is a significant predictor of future @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 (follow-up study). @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were enrolled and underwent coronary angiography. @entity1 with @entity3257 (estimated glomerular filtration ratio <60mL/min/1.73mand/or @entity644 , n=324) were compared with those without @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ). Serum DROM was measured at stable conditions. A case-control study of the 324 @entity3257 @entity1 and 263 @entity3257 @entity1 was conducted after matching risk factors, and a follow-up study of the 324 @entity3257 @entity1 was performed. @entity3257 @entity1 were divided into low- and high-DROM groups using their median value (348 unit; called the Carratelli unit [U. @entity17978 ]), and followed until the occurrence of @entity65 .DROM levels were significantly higher in risk factors-matched @entity3257 @entity1 than in risk factors-matched @entity3257 @entity1 (347.0 [301.8-391.8] U. @entity17978 vs. 338.5 [299.8-384.3] U. @entity17978 , P=0.03). During mean 23  14 months follow-up of 324 @entity3257 @entity1 , 83 @entity65 were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a higher probability of @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 with high DROM than in those with low DROM (P<0.001, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis including significant predictors in simple Cox hazard analysis demonstrated that high DROM was a significant and independent predictor of @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 (hazard ratio: 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.82, P=0.02).In conclusion, serum DROM values were significant and independent predictors of @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 , indicating that the measurements of DROM might provide clinical benefits for risk stratification of @entity3257 @entity1 .

title: The Pivotal Role of a Novel Biomarker of Reactive XXXX Species in @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Risk stratification of @entity740 ( @entity3257 ) is clinically important because such @entity1 are at high risk of @entity65 . Although reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are reported to be closely associated with the pathophysiology of @entity3257 , there are few useful ROS biomarkers known for @entity3257 @entity1 . Hence, our objectives in this study were to investigate whether serum derivatives of reactive @entity26 metabolites (DROM), a novel biomarker of ROS, is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3257 (case-control study), and is a significant predictor of future @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 (follow-up study). @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were enrolled and underwent coronary angiography. @entity1 with @entity3257 (estimated glomerular filtration ratio <60mL/min/1.73mand/or @entity644 , n=324) were compared with those without @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ). Serum DROM was measured at stable conditions. A case-control study of the 324 @entity3257 @entity1 and 263 @entity3257 @entity1 was conducted after matching risk factors, and a follow-up study of the 324 @entity3257 @entity1 was performed. @entity3257 @entity1 were divided into low- and high-DROM groups using their median value (348 unit; called the Carratelli unit [U. @entity17978 ]), and followed until the occurrence of @entity65 .DROM levels were significantly higher in risk factors-matched @entity3257 @entity1 than in risk factors-matched @entity3257 @entity1 (347.0 [301.8-391.8] U. @entity17978 vs. 338.5 [299.8-384.3] U. @entity17978 , P=0.03). During mean 23  14 months follow-up of 324 @entity3257 @entity1 , 83 @entity65 were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a higher probability of @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 with high DROM than in those with low DROM (P<0.001, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis including significant predictors in simple Cox hazard analysis demonstrated that high DROM was a significant and independent predictor of @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 (hazard ratio: 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.82, P=0.02).In conclusion, serum DROM values were significant and independent predictors of @entity65 in @entity3257 @entity1 , indicating that the measurements of DROM might provide clinical benefits for risk stratification of @entity3257 @entity1 .

title: The Pivotal Role of a Novel Biomarker of Reactive @entity26 Species in XXXX .

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Statin intake has been reported to reduce the risk of several @entity5 beyond its @entity165 -lowering effects. However, little is known regarding the survival benefit of statins for @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ).We conducted a systematic literature search of multiple databases for studies published before November 2014, which investigated associations between statin intake and @entity14 prognosis. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. The primary outcomes of interest were @entity12463 ( @entity12463 ) and @entity5 -specific mortality (CSM).Ten studies involving 76,851 @entity1 were eligible for this meta-analysis, with 7 studies investigating prediagnosis statin use and 5 studies reporting postdiagnosis statin use. Prediagnosis statin use was associated with reduced @entity12463 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.88, P=0.001) and CSM (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77-0.84, P<0.001) for @entity1 with @entity14 . This effect persisted when stratified by @entity5 site and in studies adjusted by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. In addition, postdiagnosis statin use was associated with decreased CSM (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60-0.82, P<0.001). However, we did not note reduced @entity12463 for postdiagnosis statin use (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68-1.27, P=0.639). There appeared to be an association between postdiagnosis statin use and increased @entity12463 in @entity984 -mutated @entity14 .Our findings provide evidence that prediagnosis statin therapy was associated with reduced @entity12463 and CSM in @entity14 @entity1 ; postdiagnosis statin therapy indicated decreased CSM. However, findings may not apply to @entity1 with postdiagnosis statin therapy for @entity12463 . Further studies are warranted to determine the relation between statin dose and duration on @entity14 survival.

title: Prognostic Significance of Statin Use in XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['ACM', 'all-cause mortality']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the effects of the oil mixes (  -9,   -6 and   -3) in @entity35 subjected to thermal burn. It was also aimed to assess whether the sources of   3 would interfere with the effect of such mixes on the @entity130 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity35 distributed into five groups: burned + water, burned + isolipid mix, burned + oil mix 1 (ALA), burned + oil mix 2 (ALA + @entity8393 + @entity4601 of fish) and burned + oil mix 3 (ALA + @entity4601 from seaweed). The @entity130 was involving total thickness of skin. After the burns animals received the oil mixes for seven days. The lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Animals receiving mix 3 showed a smaller extension of the @entity130 as compared to those that were supplemented with other oils mixes. Expression of Ki-67 in the receiving Mix 3 increased as compared to all the other groups. Animals supplemented with mix 3 were able to inhibit @entity4026 in injured tissue. CONCLUSION: @entity35 received oil mix in which the source of   3 (ALA+ @entity4601 of seaweed) showed inhibition of @entity4026 , increase in cell proliferation, and reduction the extension of thermal lesion.

title: Oil mixes omega 9, 6 and 3, enriched with seaweed, promoted reduction of thermal burned modulating XXXX and Ki-67.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity4026 :: (81736(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NF-kB']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is a bone assessment tool that offers information beyond that afforded by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements. Adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) are known to exhibit compromised bone density and skeletal strength. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine @entity79 among adolescents with @entity1278 and evaluate the correlation with anthropometric, clinical and densitometric variables. DESIGN: Areal @entity79 spinal measures were analyzed for @entity79 . Findings were compared with clinical (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], age, pubertal development, @entity14257 ) and self-reported data (illness duration, @entity2588 , exercise, @entity174 , family history of @entity170 , and antidepressant use), and @entity79 measures by DXA and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). SETTING AND @entity1 : This was an urban adolescent program consisting of 57 females with @entity1278 , age 11-18 y. INTERVENTIONS: Interventions included DXA (absolute @entity79 and Z-score), pQCT (volumetric @entity79 [vBMD] and stress-strain index [SSI]), laboratory evaluation, and questionnaire administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures included @entity79 , areal and vBMD, SSI, @entity174 history, disease duration. RESULTS: The @entity79 of six @entity1 (11%) showed degraded and 19 (33%) partially degraded microarchitecture. Spinal @entity79 was correlated (P < .05) with age, height, weight, BMI, pubertal stage, @entity79 , and body composition by DXA, and @entity79 and SSI by pQCT. @entity79 was not correlated with disease duration, @entity174 , @entity560 status, race, or ethnicity, and self-reported health data. CONCLUSIONS: @entity79 showed evidence of degraded microarchitecture in over 40% of this study sample, and strongly correlated with anthropometric data and measures of @entity79 and skeletal strength. @entity79 is a novel tool that captures another dimension of bone health in adolescents with @entity1278 .

title: Spinal Bone Texture Assessed by Trabecular Bone Score in Adolescent @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'Trabecular bone score', 'BMD', 'TBS']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia Nervosa']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is a bone assessment tool that offers information beyond that afforded by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements. Adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) are known to exhibit compromised bone density and skeletal strength. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine @entity79 among adolescents with @entity1278 and evaluate the correlation with anthropometric, clinical and densitometric variables. DESIGN: Areal @entity79 spinal measures were analyzed for @entity79 . Findings were compared with clinical (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], age, pubertal development, @entity14257 ) and self-reported data (illness duration, @entity2588 , exercise, @entity174 , family history of @entity170 , and antidepressant use), and @entity79 measures by DXA and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). SETTING AND @entity1 : This was an urban adolescent program consisting of 57 females with @entity1278 , age 11-18 y. INTERVENTIONS: Interventions included DXA (absolute @entity79 and Z-score), pQCT (volumetric @entity79 [vBMD] and stress-strain index [SSI]), laboratory evaluation, and questionnaire administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures included @entity79 , areal and vBMD, SSI, @entity174 history, disease duration. RESULTS: The @entity79 of six @entity1 (11%) showed degraded and 19 (33%) partially degraded microarchitecture. Spinal @entity79 was correlated (P < .05) with age, height, weight, BMI, pubertal stage, @entity79 , and body composition by DXA, and @entity79 and SSI by pQCT. @entity79 was not correlated with disease duration, @entity174 , @entity560 status, race, or ethnicity, and self-reported health data. CONCLUSIONS: @entity79 showed evidence of degraded microarchitecture in over 40% of this study sample, and strongly correlated with anthropometric data and measures of @entity79 and skeletal strength. @entity79 is a novel tool that captures another dimension of bone health in adolescents with @entity1278 .

title: Spinal Bone Texture Assessed by Trabecular Bone Score in Adolescent XXXX With @entity1278 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: This retrospective cohort study compared clinical outcomes and quality of life after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) against laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for treatment of @entity1318 . METHODS: @entity1 demographics, operation time, intraoperative @entity190 , hospital stay, time to resume diet and analgesic requirement were recorded. Clinical outcomes including recurrence of @entity1282 , need for reintervention, and occurrence of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) were recorded. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2014, 33 @entity1 underwent POEM whereas 23 @entity1 received LHM. @entity1 LHM had with longer mean operative time (P   =   0.02), more @entity190 (P   =   0.001) and higher requirement for analgesics (P   =   0.009) than those treated by POEM. Hospital stay and time to resume diet were similar. Both POEM and LHM achieved similar @entity1282 scores at postoperative 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Twenty-six percent of LHM @entity1 and 15.2% of POEM @entity1 sustained @entity354 ( @entity354 ) after treatment (P   =   0.311). Six @entity1 required regular proton pump inhibitor three after POEM and three after LHM (P   =   0.639). Thirteen percent of LHM @entity1 sustained recurrent @entity1282 and one required reintervention. There was no recurrence in the POEM group. Follow-up duration (mean [SD]) for the LHM group was significantly longer (60 [42] months vs 6 [4] months; P   =   0.001). There was also no difference in all four aspects of @entity354 -related quality of life outcomes. CONCLUSION: Compared to LHM, POEM achieved shorter operative time, less @entity190 and @entity158 . POEM is comparable to LHM for treatment of @entity1318 with similar incidence of @entity354 after the procedure.

title: Comparison of early outcomes and quality of life after laparoscopic Heller's cardiomyotomy to peroral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the technique and clinical results following the utilization of biomechanical and biological means for adequate @entity174 healing in management of non-union of the neck of femur while preventing distortion of normal hip biomechanics. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with non-united fractures of @entity2249 in adults were treated with what was termed the 'triple attack' procedure. This constituted iliac autogenous bone grafting, @entity173 together with static fixation across the non-union @entity174 site of the neck to avoid delayed @entity2249 shortening. RESULTS: All @entity1 were classified as Pauwel's @entity174 . The mean time interval between the last operation and the current procedure was 4.6  months. Average operative time was 58.6  minutes. @entity1 were followed up for an average of 43.6  months. Complete union was achieved in all cases at an average of 4.3  months. Significant improvement of all radiological parameters was noticed together with the Harris hip score from an average of 21.2 pre-operatively to 89.6 at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: The present study provides encouraging clinical and functional results to suggest that this newly described procedure ('triple attack') might be a valuable option in the management of non-united @entity2249 .

title: Triple attack technique for non-union of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['valgus subtrochanteric osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['type III fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: @entity6444 , small cell variant (T-PLL-s), is a rare @entity706 associated with a poor prognosis. We encountered a case of T-PLL-s with a characteristic phenotype. A 67-year-old female was referred to our hospital because of lymphocytosis in August 2013. @entity828 , @entity3329 , and @entity272 were absent. Hematologic examination revealed a white blood cell count of 17.9 * 10(9)/L with 81.2% mature lymphocytes, which were small with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, lacking a nucleolus and cytoplasmic granules. @entity417 and @entity882 were not observed. Flow cytometric analysis showed that these lymphocytes were positive for @entity3138 , cyCD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , @entity4587 , @entity10911 , and @entity3053 (partially), but negative for smCD3, smTCR-ab and -y  , cyTCR-b, @entity4896 , @entity405 , @entity2902 , HLA-DR, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Polymerase-chain reaction analysis of cells from both the peripheral blood and the bone marrow demonstrated monoclonal rearrangement of TCR-y. A possible rearranged band of the @entity11112 gene was observed by Southern blot analysis. The karyotype of the marrow cells was 46, XX. A diagnosis of T-PLL-s, possibly at the stage of cytoplasmic CD3 expression in the ontogenesis of T-cells, was made. The @entity1 has been asymptomatic, and the white blood cell count has gradually increased during one-year observation, being 69.0 * 10(9)/L with 89.7% lymphocytes in August 2014.

title: XXXX , Small Cell Variant, Possibly at the Stage of Intracytoplasmic Expression of CD3 in T-Cell Ontogenesis.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The complexity of endovascular revascularization treatment (ERT) in acute @entity385 and the small number of @entity1 eligible for treatment justify the development of @entity64 center networks with interhospital @entity1 transfers. However, this approach might result in futile transfers (ie, the transfer of @entity1 who ultimately do not undergo ERT). Our aim was to analyze the frequency of these futile transfers and the reasons for discarding ERT and to identify the possible associated factors. METHODS: We analyzed an observational prospective ERT registry from a @entity64 collaboration ERT network consisting of 3 hospitals. There were interhospital transfers from the first attending hospital to the on-call ERT center for the @entity1 for whom this therapy was indicated, either primarily or after intravenous thrombolysis (drip and shift). RESULTS: The ERT protocol was activated for 199 @entity1 , 129 of whom underwent ERT (64.8%). A total of 120 (60.3%) @entity1 required a hospital transfer, 50 of whom (41%) ultimately did not undergo ERT. There were no differences in their baseline characteristics, the times from @entity64 onset, or in the delays in interhospital transfers between the transferred @entity1 who were treated and those who were not treated. The main reasons for rejecting ERT after the interhospital transfer were clinical improvement/arterial recanalization (48%) and neuroimaging criteria (32%). CONCLUSIONS: Forty-one percent of the ERT transfers were futile, but none of the baseline @entity1 characteristics predicted this result. Futility could be reduced if repetition of unnecessary diagnostic tests was avoided.

title: Futile Interhospital Transfer for Endovascular Treatment in Acute @entity385 : The XXXX Network Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Madrid Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The complexity of endovascular revascularization treatment (ERT) in acute @entity385 and the small number of @entity1 eligible for treatment justify the development of @entity64 center networks with interhospital @entity1 transfers. However, this approach might result in futile transfers (ie, the transfer of @entity1 who ultimately do not undergo ERT). Our aim was to analyze the frequency of these futile transfers and the reasons for discarding ERT and to identify the possible associated factors. METHODS: We analyzed an observational prospective ERT registry from a @entity64 collaboration ERT network consisting of 3 hospitals. There were interhospital transfers from the first attending hospital to the on-call ERT center for the @entity1 for whom this therapy was indicated, either primarily or after intravenous thrombolysis (drip and shift). RESULTS: The ERT protocol was activated for 199 @entity1 , 129 of whom underwent ERT (64.8%). A total of 120 (60.3%) @entity1 required a hospital transfer, 50 of whom (41%) ultimately did not undergo ERT. There were no differences in their baseline characteristics, the times from @entity64 onset, or in the delays in interhospital transfers between the transferred @entity1 who were treated and those who were not treated. The main reasons for rejecting ERT after the interhospital transfer were clinical improvement/arterial recanalization (48%) and neuroimaging criteria (32%). CONCLUSIONS: Forty-one percent of the ERT transfers were futile, but none of the baseline @entity1 characteristics predicted this result. Futility could be reduced if repetition of unnecessary diagnostic tests was avoided.

title: Futile Interhospital Transfer for Endovascular Treatment in Acute XXXX : The @entity64 Network Experience.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: Eosinophilic @entity2883 with @entity2883 (EGPA) can affect @entity1 of childbearing age. However, reports of the disease in the postpartum period are limited. We present a case of postpartum-onset EGPA that went into clinical remission before relapsing in the subsequent postpartum period. Our @entity1 presented with dyspnoea, @entity4841 and @entity1910 , shown to be @entity1333 , 3   days following the birth of her second @entity1 . CT of the thorax showed alveolar shadowing and mediastinal @entity3329 . She was treated successfully for EGPA with glucocorticoid therapy. She declined maintenance treatment during remission. Off treatment, she remained disease free throughout her next pregnancy. In the postpartum period she relapsed in an almost identical manner, requiring prolonged glucocorticoid therapy, @entity786 and rituximab. This case highlights the importance of maintenance therapy around pregnancy in individuals with EGPA, and the need for careful monitoring of @entity1 with a history of EGPA in the postpartum period.

title: Postpartum onset and subsequent relapse of eosinophilic granulomatosis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Conventional knowledge holds that the majority of @entity731 causing @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are found in moderate stenoses that produce < 50% loss of arterial diameter. This study aimed to analyse the culprit lesions in @entity1 who presented with @entity583 and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) at our institution. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent PPCI between June 2008 and August 2010 at our institution were included in the analysis. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed for the culprit lesions immediately after antegrade flow was restored by thrombectomy, low-profile balloon predilatation or guidewire crossing. RESULTS: A total of 1,021 @entity1 were included in the study. The mean age was 57    12 years and 85.2% were male. Lesion measurement was done after coronary flow was restored by thrombectomy (73.1%), @entity384 (24.1%) and following guidewire passage across the lesion (2.8%). Mean minimal luminal diameter was 1.1    0.5 mm, mean reference vessel diameter was 2.8    0.6 mm, mean diameter stenosis was 61    16% and mean lesion length was 16    6 mm. Most (80.2%) of the culprit lesions had diameter stenoses > 50% (p < 0.01). Although balloon angioplasty was performed in 24.1% of the @entity1 , the majority (64.2%) still had diameter stenoses > 50%. High-grade stenoses (> 50%) were more frequently observed in male @entity1 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Contrary to the existing paradigm, we found that most of the @entity1 with @entity583 in our institution had culprit lesions with diameter stenosis > 50%.

title: High-grade culprit lesions are a common cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reflecting on the self and on others activates specific brain areas and contributes to metacognition and social cognition. The aim of the current study is to investigate brain activation during self- and other-reflection in @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ). In addition, we examined whether potential abnormal brain activation in @entity162 @entity1 could distinguish @entity162 from @entity1 with @entity161 ( @entity161 ). METHODS: During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 17 @entity162 @entity1 , 17 @entity161 @entity1 and 21 healthy controls (HCs) performed a self-reflection task. The task consisted of sentences divided into three conditions: self-reflection, other-reflection and semantic control. RESULTS: @entity162 @entity1 showed less activation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) extending to the precuneus during other-reflection compared to HCs (p  =  0.028 FWE corrected on cluster-level within the regions of interest). In @entity161 @entity1 , the level of activation in this area was in between @entity162 @entity1 and HCs, with no significant differences between @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity162 . There were no group differences in brain activation during self-reflection. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the PCC/precuneus activation during other-reflection and cognitive insight in @entity161 @entity1 , but not in @entity162 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity162 @entity1 showed less activation in the PCC/precuneus during other-reflection. This may support an account of @entity2414 (evaluation of past and current other-related information) in @entity162 @entity1 . Correlation differences of the PCC/precuneus activation with the cognitive insight in @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity161 might reflect an important difference between these disorders, which may help to further explore potentially distinguishing markers.

title: Brain activation during self- and other-reflection in XXXX with a history of psychosis: Comparison to @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired integration of emotion and memory']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reflecting on the self and on others activates specific brain areas and contributes to metacognition and social cognition. The aim of the current study is to investigate brain activation during self- and other-reflection in @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ). In addition, we examined whether potential abnormal brain activation in @entity162 @entity1 could distinguish @entity162 from @entity1 with @entity161 ( @entity161 ). METHODS: During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 17 @entity162 @entity1 , 17 @entity161 @entity1 and 21 healthy controls (HCs) performed a self-reflection task. The task consisted of sentences divided into three conditions: self-reflection, other-reflection and semantic control. RESULTS: @entity162 @entity1 showed less activation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) extending to the precuneus during other-reflection compared to HCs (p  =  0.028 FWE corrected on cluster-level within the regions of interest). In @entity161 @entity1 , the level of activation in this area was in between @entity162 @entity1 and HCs, with no significant differences between @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity162 . There were no group differences in brain activation during self-reflection. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the PCC/precuneus activation during other-reflection and cognitive insight in @entity161 @entity1 , but not in @entity162 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity162 @entity1 showed less activation in the PCC/precuneus during other-reflection. This may support an account of @entity2414 (evaluation of past and current other-related information) in @entity162 @entity1 . Correlation differences of the PCC/precuneus activation with the cognitive insight in @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity161 might reflect an important difference between these disorders, which may help to further explore potentially distinguishing markers.

title: Brain activation during self- and other-reflection in @entity162 with a history of psychosis: Comparison to XXXX .

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The order Herpesvirales encompasses viruses that share structural, genetic, and biological properties. However, members of this order infect hosts ranging from molluscs to @entity1 . It is currently divided into three phylogenetically related families. The Alloherpesviridae family contains viruses infecting fish and amphibians. There are 12 alloherpesviruses described to date, 10 of which infect fish. Over the last decade, @entity28868 (CyHV-3) infecting common and @entity7136 @entity7136 has emerged as the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses. Since its first description in the late 1990s, this virus has induced important economic losses in common and @entity7136 @entity7136 worldwide. It has also had negative environmental implications by affecting wild @entity7136 populations. These negative impacts and the importance of the host species have stimulated studies aimed at developing diagnostic and prophylactic tools. Unexpectedly, the data generated by these applied studies have stimulated interest in CyHV-3 as a model for fundamental research. This review intends to provide a complete overview of the knowledge currently available on CyHV-3.

title: XXXX : An Archetype of Fish Alloherpesviruses.

entities_list: @entity28868 :: ('180230', 'Species') :: ['cyprinid herpesvirus 3']

answer: @entity28868 :: (180230,Species) :: ['Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, cost-effectiveness and appropriate use of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (SMPI) versus @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) in the preoperative evaluation of @entity1 for kidney transplantation. METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective study was performed. SMPI was performed with regadenoson and @entity1642 predominantly with @entity452 . Findings on subsequent coronary angiography were correlated. Utilizing reimbursements from the Center for Medicare Services (CMS), a cost analysis for SMPI versus @entity1642 was modeled. RESULTS: 113 @entity1 underwent imaging (53 SMPI and 60 @entity1642 ). 100% of SMPI studies were diagnostic compared to only 80% (48/60) in the @entity1642 group, and this result was statistically significant (X2 = 7.96, P < 0.01). The most common reason for a non-diagnostic test was not reaching target heart rate. In the SMPI group, 15% (8/53) had @entity63 on imaging and all had subsequent coronary angiography which confirmed obstructive coronary lesions. One @entity1 with negative SMPI had subsequent angiogram that was negative. In the @entity1642 group, 5% (3/60) had @entity63 on imaging and two had subsequent angiography, which were negative. Three of 12 @entity1 with non-diagnostic exams underwent further testing. One @entity1 had a follow-up positive SMPI but no subsequent coronary angiography. The other two @entity1 underwent coronary angiography that were negative. Of the 45 negative @entity1642 , six (13%) had angiography with positive result for obstructive @entity453 in 3/6. For modeling of cost analysis, CMS rates of  1,173 and  1,521 were utilized for SMPI and @entity1642 respectively. The model assumes that all non-diagnostic imaging would be referred for further stress testing (i.e. non-diagnostic @entity1642 would be referred for SMPI). This model estimates that initial non-invasive testing with @entity1642 versus SMPI results in 50% greater cost. CONCLUSION: For pre-operative evaluation of kidney transplantation, SMPI is more often diagnostic than @entity1642 . A cost model estimates that initial non-invasive diagnostic testing with @entity1642 would result in approximately 50% greater cost compared to SMPI. Our data also suggests that SMPI has greater diagnostic accuracy than @entity1642 . Therefore, this single institution experience supports SMPI as the more appropriate test.

title: Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Imaging versus Stress Echocardiography in the Preoperative Evaluation of XXXX for Kidney Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress echocardiography', 'SE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term outcome after closure of isolated @entity453 (ICCAF) is poorly documented. To assess late outcome after ICCAF closure, a 1983-2013 retrospective study included all @entity1 who attempted an ICCAF closure and whose follow-up was >= 1  year. ICCAF was diagnosed in 23 @entity1 [median age 6.9  years (0.1-70.5  years), 13 @entity1 ]. ICCAF was symptomatic in 12 @entity1 (52.2  %). First intervention was either a transcatheter embolization (n  =  19 @entity1 , 82.6  %) or a surgical ligation (n  =  4 @entity1 , 17.4  %). After a follow-up of 9.0  years (2.8-33.5), neither @entity204 nor late ischemic event occurred but one @entity1 was transplanted, because of postoperative @entity583 . Late ICCAF recanalization occurred in eight @entity1 , leading to successful embolization of the shunt in all @entity1 after a delay of 9.8  years (5.7-13.8  years) from the first intervention. Re-intervention occurred later in @entity1 (p  =  0.0027), with a 50 and 37.5  % freedom from re-intervention in adults compared to a 100 and 89.0  % in @entity1 , respectively, at 1 and 6  years of follow-up. At last follow-up, coronary artery diameter had decreased from a mean z score of 12.0      7.7 to a mean z score of 6.0      6.0 (p  =  0.002). Long-term outcome after ICCAF closure is excellent, with neither @entity204 nor late ischemic event, and a significant decrease in coronary artery diameter with time. Late follow-up is of paramount importance, as one-third of @entity1 will require a re-intervention for late shunt recanalization.

title: Closure of Isolated XXXX : Long-Term Outcomes and Rate of Re-intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['congenital coronary artery fistula']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Congenital Coronary Artery Fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of IV @entity1205 and IP @entity901 in @entity1 with recurrent ovarian (OV), @entity6887 . Secondary objectives included response rate, time to progression, pharmacokinetics (PK) and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: @entity1 received @entity1205 75mg/m(2) IV day (d) 1 and @entity901 escalating from 50mg/m(2) @entity10190 every 3weeks using a 3+3 design. Treatment continued until disease progression, remission, or intolerable @entity137 . Plasma and IP samples were taken to determine drug concentrations. @entity601 Anderson Symptom Inventory and symptom interference scale were completed weekly. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were included. Median number of cycles was 6 (range 1-10). Ten @entity1 had measureable disease. Best response was partial response (PR-2), stable disease ( @entity168 -7), and progressive disease (PD-1). Twenty-one Grades 3-4 @entity137 were noted, commonly hematologic. Two @entity1 had DLTs: prolonged @entity1398 (1) and @entity490 (1). MTD was d1 @entity1205 75mg/m(2) IV and d2 @entity901 50mg/m(2) IP. Symptom burden peaked week one and returned to baseline by week two of each cycle on dose level 1. Dose level 2 had persistently high symptom burden and interference. At IP @entity901 doses of 50mg/m(2), total unbound drug exposure (AUC) averaged 8 times larger and Cmax reached concentrations 50-fold greater in IP fluid compared to plasma. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1205 75mg/m(2) IV d1 and @entity901 50mg/m(2) @entity10190 is the MTD. Most @entity1 had PR or @entity168 . @entity1 -reported outcomes demonstrate temporary but tolerable decrements in QoL. IP @entity901 provides PK advantages over IV administration.

title: Phase I study of intravenous (IV) @entity1205 and intraperitoneal (IP) XXXX in recurrent ovarian and fallopian tube cancer.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['fallopian tube (FT) or peritoneal (PP) cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of IV @entity1205 and IP @entity901 in @entity1 with recurrent ovarian (OV), @entity6887 . Secondary objectives included response rate, time to progression, pharmacokinetics (PK) and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: @entity1 received @entity1205 75mg/m(2) IV day (d) 1 and @entity901 escalating from 50mg/m(2) @entity10190 every 3weeks using a 3+3 design. Treatment continued until disease progression, remission, or intolerable @entity137 . Plasma and IP samples were taken to determine drug concentrations. @entity601 Anderson Symptom Inventory and symptom interference scale were completed weekly. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were included. Median number of cycles was 6 (range 1-10). Ten @entity1 had measureable disease. Best response was partial response (PR-2), stable disease ( @entity168 -7), and progressive disease (PD-1). Twenty-one Grades 3-4 @entity137 were noted, commonly hematologic. Two @entity1 had DLTs: prolonged @entity1398 (1) and @entity490 (1). MTD was d1 @entity1205 75mg/m(2) IV and d2 @entity901 50mg/m(2) IP. Symptom burden peaked week one and returned to baseline by week two of each cycle on dose level 1. Dose level 2 had persistently high symptom burden and interference. At IP @entity901 doses of 50mg/m(2), total unbound drug exposure (AUC) averaged 8 times larger and Cmax reached concentrations 50-fold greater in IP fluid compared to plasma. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1205 75mg/m(2) IV d1 and @entity901 50mg/m(2) @entity10190 is the MTD. Most @entity1 had PR or @entity168 . @entity1 -reported outcomes demonstrate temporary but tolerable decrements in QoL. IP @entity901 provides PK advantages over IV administration.

title: Phase I study of intravenous (IV) XXXX and intraperitoneal (IP) @entity901 in recurrent ovarian and fallopian tube cancer.

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The 12-month (M), phase 3, double-blind, randomised TRANSFORMS study demonstrated significant benefits of fingolimod 0.5 or 1.25   mg over interferon b-1a (IFNb-1a) in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 . We report the results of long-term (up to 4.5   years) extension of TRANSFORMS. METHODS: @entity1 randomised to fingolimod (0.5/1.25   mg) in the core phase continued the same dose (continuous-fingolimod) in the extension, whereas those on IFNb-1a were re-randomised (1:1) to fingolimod (IFN-switch; IFN: 0.5/1.25   mg). Outcomes included annualised relapse rate (ARR), confirmed disability progression and MRI measures. Results are presented here for the continuous-fingolimod 0.5   mg and pooled IFN-switch groups. RESULTS: Of the 1027 @entity1 who entered the extension, 772 (75.2%) completed the study. From baseline to the end of the study (EOS), ARR in @entity1 on continuous-fingolimod 0.5   mg was significantly lower than in the IFN-switch group (M0-EOS: 0.17 vs 0.27). After switching to fingolimod (M0-12 vs M13-EOS), @entity1 initially treated with IFN had a 50% reduction in ARR (0.40 vs 0.20), reduced MRI activity and a lower rate of brain volume loss. In a post hoc analysis, the proportion of IFN-switch @entity1 with no evidence of disease activity increased by approximately 50% in the first year after switching to fingolimod treatment (44.3% to 66.0%). The safety profile was consistent with that observed in the core phase. CONCLUSIONS: These results support a continued effect of long-term fingolimod therapy in maintaining a low rate of disease activity and sustained improved efficacy after switching from IFNb-1a to fingolimod. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NO: NCT00340834.

title: Long-term (up to 4.5   years) treatment with fingolimod in XXXX : results from the extension of the randomised TRANSFORMS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The rate of progression of the disease depends on various factors and the @entity5 microenvironment takes not the last place among them. One part of researchers argues that the presence of @entity5 -infiltrating leukocytes serves as a favorable marker of the disease. There exists a completely different point of view on the matter. The investigation of the effects of the inflammatory infiltration on the course of @entity0 process. METHODS: We found a pronounced inflammatory infiltration in the @entity5 microenvironment in 24 cases. Nineteen cases of IDC without inflammatory infiltration were used as a control group. Immunohistochemical reaction showed expression of @entity1782 , PR, @entity1722 / @entity1722 , @entity5962 , @entity31653 , @entity588 , CD3, @entity7571 , @entity2281 and Myeloperoxidase receptors. Mathematical calculations were done using Microsoft Excel 2010 with 12.0.5 Attestat option. RESULTS: We have determined five variants of immune microenvironment: interstitial, trabecular, nodular, diffuse and mixed. We have established a direct correlation between the expression of @entity1782 and PR and indirect correlation between the receptors of @entity479 hormones and @entity1722 /neo in both groups of @entity0 . @entity1722 /neo positive @entity5 in 100% of cases were accompanied by the presence of @entity1457 proteins. There was a combination of @entity588 presence with the @entity479 receptors expression in 90 % of cases. There was found the indirect correlation between the presence of B lymphocytes and expression of @entity479 receptors. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of B lymphocytes in an inflammatory infiltrate leads to the disappearance of @entity172 receptors and @entity1420 receptors. It provokes the accumulation of @entity4041 in a cell. It contributes to the stabilization of @entity1722 / @entity1722 receptors and most proteins that promote @entity5 progression. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1362330168161694.

title: Immune microenvironment as a factor of XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The foundation of recommended @entity294 management in young @entity1 is increased fluids and continued feeding. This increase in fluids is necessary to replace those lost during @entity294 and ultimately prevent @entity2700 . There may be an opportunity to prevent deaths in @entity1 under five by discouraging the practice of reducing or curtailing fluids during @entity294 episodes across different settings worldwide. METHODS: We quantify and describe the extent of fluid curtailment in @entity1 with @entity294 in a selection of countries (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda) with high burden of @entity294 -related mortality with national cross sectional survey data. We examine the practice of fluid curtailment in these countries and its relationship to @entity1 and household traits and to characteristics of @entity294 management. RESULTS: The prevalence of fluid curtailment among @entity1 under five with @entity294 is strikingly high in these countries: 55 % in Nigeria, 49 % in Ethiopia, 44 % in Uganda, 37 % in Tanzania, 36 % in DR Congo and 32 % in Burkina Faso. Fluid curtailment is associated with giving less food, potentially worsening the impact of this harmful practice. @entity1 who were reported to have had fluids curtailed during @entity294 episodes were also 3.51 (95 % confidence, 2.66 - 4.64) times more likely to be reported to have food withheld (a   =   0.05; p   <   0.001). @entity1 who received care from non-governmental providers, and those who were breastfed were more likely to have their fluids curtailed, as were @entity1 with an unimproved water source. @entity1 of poorer or less educated mothers and those living in rural areas are more likely to have curtailed fluids, compared to @entity1 of less poor or more educated mothers, or those living in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: The harmful practice of curtailing fluids for a @entity1 with @entity294 is highly prevalent, representing an increased risk of @entity532 due to @entity294 , including @entity204 , especially for @entity1 in specific subgroups.

title: Fluid curtailment during childhood XXXX : a countdown analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration and complications']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biotechnological task of controlling @entity1 aging will evidently be complex, given the failure of all simple strategies for accomplishing this task to date. In view of this complexity, a multi-step approach will be necessary. One precedent for a multi-step biotechnological success is the burgeoning control of @entity1 infectious diseases from 1840 to 2000. Here we break down progress toward the control of @entity166 into four key steps, each of which have analogs for the control of aging. (1) Agreement about the fundamental nature of the medical problem. (2) Public health measures to mitigate some of the factors that exacerbate the medical problem. (3) Early biotechnological interventions that ward off the more tractable disease etiologies. (4) Deep understanding of the underlying biology of the diseases involved, leading in turn to comprehensive control of the medical problems that they pose. Achievement of all four of these steps has allowed most @entity1 who live in Western countries to live largely free of imminent @entity204 due to @entity166 . Accomplishing the equivalent feat for aging over this century should lead to a similar outcome for @entity66 . Neither infection nor aging will ever be entirely abolished, but they can both be rendered minor causes of @entity204 and disability.

title: Four steps toward the control of aging: following the example of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aging-associated disease']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prognostic value of ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) is not well established in resistant @entity101 as much as in general population. Our aim was to evaluate, on resistant @entity101 @entity1 ( @entity25381 , the prognostic significance of AASI as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (CV). DESIGN AND METHOD: Retrospective observational analysis of @entity25381 outpatients defined by abnormal 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24h ABPM) under 3 or more anti @entity101 drugs. The follow-up was defined since the first appointment until the 31st December 2014 or until a CV event ( @entity1187 , @entity64 , @entity712 or @entity943 ). RESULTS: Included 217 @entity1 , 119 male and 98 female, mean age 56,4+/- 14,6 years. During a mean follow-up of 6,0+/-3,1 years, 53 @entity1 (24,4%) had CV (5,1% acute coronary syndromes, 10,1% strokes and 9,2% acute @entity712 and @entity943 ). There were 24 deaths (50% cardiovascular and 50% non-cardiovascular). When analysed those with CV events versus without, those with events showed more frequently reverted dipper (22 % vs 12%) and extreme dipper patterns (10% vs 4,4%) X2 8,242 p<0.05)) and worse AASI (0.4918 vs 0,4046 p<0,02). In analysis of Kaplan Meier survival curves free of events those who were above median (cut off 0,41), of AASI had worse prognosis compared to those who were below it (Log Rank 8,347, p= 0.004) for CV event and (Log Rank 9,562, p=0,002) for global mortality. In a Cox hazard model adjusted for confounding factors ((sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP)) AASI was an independent predictor for CV event (HR 8,34; 95%CI 1,76-39,57; p 0,008) even when analysed in the same model with SBP night fall, 24h PP, and 24h SBP (HR 11,20; 95% CI 2,16 -58,15; p 0,004) and also for global mortality (HR 42,64; 95%CI 3,72-488,58; p 0,003). CONCLUSIONS: In this population AASI was the ABPM marker with the strongest predictor value for CV. Perhaps in resistant @entity101 AASI (traducing higher arterial stiffness) is a more potent CV predictor than in non resistant essential @entity101 .

title: 6A.05: THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF AMBULATORY ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDEX AS A PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSIVE XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two different fat sources ( @entity1460 oil (SO) and beef tallow (BT)) in dry extruded @entity235 diets on the intake of food and metabolizable energy (ME), on faecal characteristics and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. Ten adult @entity235 of different breeds were used in a Latin square design. Five experimental diets were designed from a basal diet. A Control diet was coated with 1% SO and four other diets were obtained by coating the basal diet with 6.5% and 13% of SO or BT. The Control, 6.5% and 13% coated diets contained approximately 8.5%, 15% and 20% fat, respectively. The @entity235 had similar @entity62 ( @entity62 ) intakes and, consequently, higher ME intakes with an increased fat content for both sources (p  <  0.05). Fat digestibility was highest for Diet SO13% (p  <  0.05). The ATTD of @entity62 and organic matter was highest (p  <  0.05) for Diets SO13% and BT13%. Fat coating improved the faecal score, especially for Diet BT13%. The dietary ratios of protein:fat: @entity1735 [% of ME] were close to AAFCO's estimates. For SO a higher ATTD (99.1%) and ME content (38.88  MJ/kg) was estimated than for BT (ATTD 92.9% and 36.37 MJ ME/kg). Both SO and BT can comprise up to 13% of the diet. However, SO was more susceptible to leaking from the kibbles with the coating method applied.

title: XXXX oil and beef tallow in dry extruded diets for adult @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two different fat sources ( @entity1460 oil (SO) and beef tallow (BT)) in dry extruded @entity235 diets on the intake of food and metabolizable energy (ME), on faecal characteristics and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. Ten adult @entity235 of different breeds were used in a Latin square design. Five experimental diets were designed from a basal diet. A Control diet was coated with 1% SO and four other diets were obtained by coating the basal diet with 6.5% and 13% of SO or BT. The Control, 6.5% and 13% coated diets contained approximately 8.5%, 15% and 20% fat, respectively. The @entity235 had similar @entity62 ( @entity62 ) intakes and, consequently, higher ME intakes with an increased fat content for both sources (p  <  0.05). Fat digestibility was highest for Diet SO13% (p  <  0.05). The ATTD of @entity62 and organic matter was highest (p  <  0.05) for Diets SO13% and BT13%. Fat coating improved the faecal score, especially for Diet BT13%. The dietary ratios of protein:fat: @entity1735 [% of ME] were close to AAFCO's estimates. For SO a higher ATTD (99.1%) and ME content (38.88  MJ/kg) was estimated than for BT (ATTD 92.9% and 36.37 MJ ME/kg). Both SO and BT can comprise up to 13% of the diet. However, SO was more susceptible to leaking from the kibbles with the coating method applied.

title: @entity1460 oil and beef tallow in dry extruded diets for adult XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data collected during the 2012 @entity2598 ( @entity2598 ) epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were analysed for clinical signs, symptoms and case fatality of @entity2598 caused by @entity71133 ( @entity71133 ), establishment of differential diagnoses, description of medical treatment and evaluation of the quality of clinical documentation. In a quantitative observational prospective study, global epidemiological data from 52 @entity1 (34 @entity1 within the community, 18 @entity1 treated in the Ebola Treatment Centre) were entered anonymously into a database, subsequently matched and analysed. Relevant findings include an over-representation of females among community @entity2598 cases (85.3%) and of community @entity2598 cases in the age group of 15-54 years (82.4%). All ETC @entity1 had @entity221 (55.6% of all 18 ETC @entity1 during their hospital stay) or self-reported @entity221 (88.2% upon admission) at some point of time during their illness. Major symptoms of ETC @entity1 during hospital stay included @entity1395 (82.4%), @entity448 (82.4%), @entity925 (70.6%), sore throat/difficulty swallowing (70.6%), @entity4841 (76.5%) and @entity390 (70.6%). Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms ( @entity390 , @entity294 , @entity391 ) (76.4%) as well as general @entity158 (94.1%) were frequent in ETC @entity1 . The median duration of @entity2598 was 18 days, while the mean incubation period was 11.3 days. Differential diagnosis of @entity2598 included @entity311 (28.3%), @entity1944 (10.9%), and @entity166 (10.9%). There was also an important variation in clinical evolvement. Quality of documentation was adversely affected by the way @entity1 file contents were transferred from inside to outside the high-risk zone, entailing a mean mismatch value of 27.3% between @entity1 file contents inside vs. outside the high-risk zone. This study adds further description of @entity2598 (frequently non-specific signs and symptoms, non frequent @entity548 , a long incubation period, long duration of disease) and emphasizes the need for improving clinical monitoring and documentation in @entity2598 outbreak settings.

title: XXXX Outbreak in Isiro, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2012: Signs and Symptoms, Management and Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola virus disease', 'EVD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity71133 :: ('565995', 'Species') :: ['BDBV', 'Bundibugyo virus']

answer: @entity2598 :: (MESH:D019142,Disease) :: ['Ebola Virus Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of sonoelastographic features between @entity397 and unruptured @entity4890 . METHODS: We performed a prospective survey of 27 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity4890 diagnosed by excisional biopsy with prebiopsy sonography and real-time sonoelastography. We statistically evaluated the correlation between elastographic and histopathologic features. To measure the relative hardness on elastography, the Rinside/Routside ratio was used to show the ratio of the elasticity inside and outside the cyst, where the random value R was defined as the median red pixel intensity/(median red pixel intensity + median green pixel intensity + median blue pixel intensity). RESULTS: Only 24 of the 27 @entity1 were enrolled. Among the 24 diagnosed @entity4890 , 13 were @entity45 , and 11 were @entity397 based on histopathologic examination. There was no correlation between sonographically and histopathologically measured cyst diameters. The Rinside/Routside ratio was significantly higher in @entity45 than @entity397 (mean    SD, 1.16    0.15 versus 1.04    0.13; P = .047). All values below the cutoff point were considered to indicate @entity397 , and the cutoff value was set to 1.0919, which afforded sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 66.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time sonoelastography is able to detect differences in tissue elasticity between @entity397 and unruptured @entity4890 . This study shows the utility of real-time sonoelastography, which has important implications for treatment planning.

title: Utility of Sonoelastography in Differentiating Ruptured From Unruptured Epidermal Cysts and Implications for XXXX Care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal cysts']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured cysts', 'ruptured']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured cysts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) has shown promising efficacy in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). But a sham-controlled study was negative. A post-hoc analysis of this trial may haul out @entity1 responding to GMA. METHODS: A total of 168 @entity31 @entity1 with a disease activity (DAI) between 6 and 11 were enrolled in this study. Out of 168 @entity1 , 112 received GMA and 56 sham apheresis. The basis for this post hoc analysis is the clinical study report issued by Otsuka America Pharmaceutical. RESULTS: Baseline histology was available for 165 @entity1 . Only 38% (63 of 165) of @entity1 showed microscopic erosion/ @entity1066 (group P). The remaining 62% of @entity1 did not show microscopic erosion/ @entity1066 (group A). The @entity1 in group P showed significantly higher DAI, flexible proctosigmoidoscopy score and neutrophil infiltration into the colonic mucosa than those in group A (p = 0.0132, p = 0.0243 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Likewise, group P @entity1 had a significantly (p = 0.0275) higher remission rate (11 of 46; 23.9%) when treated with GMA than with sham procedure (0 of 17; 0%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in group P who had more active @entity31 than those in group A showed clear clinical efficacy in response to GMA. We believe that true DAI should be specified for further randomized controlled trials.

title: Granulocyte/Monocyte Adsorptive Apheresis in Moderate to Severe XXXX --Effective or Not?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high acute costs of @entity65 and acute @entity65 are well established, particularly in terms of direct medical costs. The costs associated with lost work productivity have been described in a broad sense, but little is known about workplace absenteeism or short term disability costs among high cardiovascular risk @entity1 . The objective of this study was to quantify workplace absenteeism (WA) and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) hours and costs associated with @entity65 and related clinical procedures (CVERP) in United States employees with high cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Medical, WA and/or @entity717 data from the Truven Health MarketScan   Research Databases were used to select full-time employees aged 18-64 with @entity407 during 2002-2011. Two cohorts (with and without CVERP) were created and screened for medical, drug, WA, and @entity717 eligibility. The CVERP cohort was matched with a non-CVERP cohort using propensity score matching. Work loss hours and indirect costs were calculated for @entity1 with and without CVERP and by CVERP type. Wages were based on the 2013 age-, gender-, and geographic region-adjusted wage rate from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. RESULTS: A total of 5,808 WA-eligible, 21,006 @entity717 -eligible, and 3,362 combined WA and @entity717 eligible @entity1 with CVERP were well matched to @entity1 without CVERP, creating three cohorts of @entity1 with CVERP and three cohorts of @entity1 without CVERP. Demographics were similar across cohorts (mean age 52.2-53.1  years, male 81.3-86.8  %). During the first month of follow-up, @entity1 with CVERP had more WA/ @entity717 -related hours lost compared with @entity1 without CVERP (WA-eligible: 23.4 more hours, @entity717 -eligible: 51.7 more hours, WA and @entity717 -eligible: 56.3 more hours) (p   <   0.001). Corresponding costs were  683,  895, and  1,119 higher, respectively (p   <   0.001). Differences narrowed with longer follow-up. In the first month and year of follow-up, @entity1 with coronary artery bypass graft experienced the highest WA/ @entity717 -related hours lost and costs compared with @entity1 with other CVERP. CONCLUSIONS: CVERP were associated with substantial work loss and indirect costs. Prevention or reduction of CVERP could result in WA and @entity717 -related cost savings for employers.

title: Productivity loss and indirect costs associated with XXXX and related clinical procedures.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['STD', 'short-term disability']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: PURPOSE: Proper delineation of ocular anatomy in 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is a big challenge, particularly when developing treatment plans for @entity2194 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presently used in clinical practice for diagnosis confirmation and treatment planning for treatment of @entity995 in @entity1 , where it serves as a source of information, complementary to the fundus or ultrasonographic imaging. Here we present a framework to fully automatically segment the eye anatomy for MRI based on 3D @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), and we validate the results and present a proof of concept to automatically segment pathological eyes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Manual and automatic segmentation were performed in 24 images of healthy @entity1 ' @entity12938 (3.29      2.15  years of age). Imaging was performed using a 3-T MRI scanner. The @entity3457 consists of the lens, the vitreous humor, the sclera, and the @entity267 . The model was fitted by first automatically detecting the position of the eye center, the lens, and the optic nerve, and then aligning the model and fitting it to the @entity1 . We validated our segmentation method by using a leave-one-out cross-validation. The segmentation results were evaluated by measuring the overlap, using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the mean distance error. RESULTS: We obtained a DSC of 94.90      2.12% for the sclera and the @entity267 , 94.72      1.89% for the vitreous humor, and 85.16      4.91% for the lens. The mean distance error was 0.26      0.09  mm. The entire process took 14  seconds on average per eye. CONCLUSION: We provide a reliable and accurate tool that enables clinicians to @entity1347 , the @entity267 , the vitreous humor, and the lens, using MRI. We additionally present a proof of concept for fully automatically segmenting eye pathology. This tool reduces the time needed for eye shape delineation and thus can help clinicians when planning eye treatment and confirming the extent of the @entity5 .

title: Automatic Segmentation of the Eye in 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Novel Statistical Shape Model for Treatment Planning of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['automatically segment the sclera']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active shape models', 'ASM']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the incidence of the @entity101 of pregnancy in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity1 of a normal body mass index (BMI). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study in which BMI was calculated accurately early in pregnancy. @entity1 were enrolled after a sonographic confirmation of an ongoing pregnancy. To reduce confounding variables the study was confined to white European @entity1 with a singleton pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of @entity1468 and gestational @entity101 . RESULTS: In 2230 @entity1 , 16.8% were @entity28 . @entity1468 was diagnosed in 3.3% (n=74) and gestational @entity101 in 3.0% (n=67). Both @entity1468 (p=0.01) and gestational @entity101 (p<0.01) were common in @entity28 @entity1 compared with normal weight @entity1 . Overall 13.1% of @entity28 @entity1 developed a @entity101 disorder during pregnancy. When analysed by parity @entity1468 occurred in 2.1% of primigravidas and 0.3% of multigravidas. @entity1468 was @entity28 multigravidas (p=0.001), but not @entity28 primigravidas, suggesting that parity is more influential than obesity in the development of @entity1468 . CONCLUSIONS: Obese multigravidas are more likely to develop @entity101 in pregnancy and @entity28 primigravidas are more likely to develop gestational @entity101 . This is important in clinical practice because maternal weight, unlike parity, is potentially modifiable before or during pregnancy.

title: Body mass index and XXXX of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'Pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive disorders', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['increased in obese', 'obese']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hyperglycosylated @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity3566 ), produced by the placental trophoblast cells, is involved in placental development in early pregnancy. Decreased second trimester urine @entity3566 is associated with @entity1468 , which may be a sign of @entity73 preceding symptoms of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To study whether maternal second trimester serum @entity3566 concentrations predict later development of @entity1468 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 , 21 @entity1 with gestational @entity101 , 30 normotensive @entity1 with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) @entity1 and 83 controls with uneventful pregnancies were included in the study. Their serum hCG and @entity3566 concentrations were analyzed by fluoroimmunoassay at 14-17weeks of gestation. The proportion of @entity3566 of total hCG (% @entity3566 ) was calculated and converted to multiples of the median (MoMs) of the controls. MoMs of the groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze correlations between clinical characteristics and serum marker concentrations. The results are given as medians with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A two-tailed P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The concentrations of @entity3566 and % @entity3566 decreased with advancing gestational weeks in @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 (r=-0.289, p=0.032 and r=-0.464, p<0.001), but not in @entity1 in the other groups. There was a tendency towards lower concentrations of @entity3566 and % @entity3566 in @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 than in controls. The median MoMs of % @entity3566 were 0.89 (95% CI,0.79-1.00) in @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 and 1.00 (0.91-1.11) in controls. The corresponding values for @entity1 with subsequent gestational @entity101 were 1.00 (0.86-1.16), for those with subsequent SGA @entity1 they were 1.09 (0.89-1.23). The difference between @entity1468 and the other groups together was significant (p=0.029). CONCLUSION: Earlier studies suggest that decreased urine @entity3566 concentrations reflect changes in placental function that precede the development of @entity1468 . At 14-17weeks of gestation, the serum concentrations of @entity3566 showed moderate validity to predict later development of @entity1468 . Further studies on the utility of @entity3566 for prediction of subsequent @entity1468 are warranted.

title: OS009. Second trimester serum hyperglycosylated @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired trophoblastic invasion']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['later preeclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hyperglycosylated @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity3566 ), produced by the placental trophoblast cells, is involved in placental development in early pregnancy. Decreased second trimester urine @entity3566 is associated with @entity1468 , which may be a sign of @entity73 preceding symptoms of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To study whether maternal second trimester serum @entity3566 concentrations predict later development of @entity1468 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 , 21 @entity1 with gestational @entity101 , 30 normotensive @entity1 with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) @entity1 and 83 controls with uneventful pregnancies were included in the study. Their serum hCG and @entity3566 concentrations were analyzed by fluoroimmunoassay at 14-17weeks of gestation. The proportion of @entity3566 of total hCG (% @entity3566 ) was calculated and converted to multiples of the median (MoMs) of the controls. MoMs of the groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze correlations between clinical characteristics and serum marker concentrations. The results are given as medians with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A two-tailed P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The concentrations of @entity3566 and % @entity3566 decreased with advancing gestational weeks in @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 (r=-0.289, p=0.032 and r=-0.464, p<0.001), but not in @entity1 in the other groups. There was a tendency towards lower concentrations of @entity3566 and % @entity3566 in @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 than in controls. The median MoMs of % @entity3566 were 0.89 (95% CI,0.79-1.00) in @entity1 with subsequent @entity1468 and 1.00 (0.91-1.11) in controls. The corresponding values for @entity1 with subsequent gestational @entity101 were 1.00 (0.86-1.16), for those with subsequent SGA @entity1 they were 1.09 (0.89-1.23). The difference between @entity1468 and the other groups together was significant (p=0.029). CONCLUSION: Earlier studies suggest that decreased urine @entity3566 concentrations reflect changes in placental function that precede the development of @entity1468 . At 14-17weeks of gestation, the serum concentrations of @entity3566 showed moderate validity to predict later development of @entity1468 . Further studies on the utility of @entity3566 for prediction of subsequent @entity1468 are warranted.

title: OS009. Second trimester serum hyperglycosylated XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin and @entity1468 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Failure of the trophoblast to appropriately invade uterine spiral arteries is thought to be an initiating event in @entity1468 , a disorder associated with @entity409 . @entity2299 characterised by low plasma levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and elevated @entity1674 has also been described in @entity1468 . The pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 inhibits trophoblast invasion of uterine endothelial cells. Previous work using an in vitro JEG-3 cell/Uterine endothelial cell co-culture model investigated the effect of apoliopoprotein A-I, the main apolipoprotein component of HDL, on trophoblast incorporation into endothelial tubules in the presence and absence of @entity310 . These effects are now investigated using the @entity1 invasive trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. OBJECTIVES: This study asks if @entity1675 , which has established anti-inflammatory properties, can protect against the deleterious effect of @entity310 on trophoblast-endothelial cell interactions. METHODS: The in vitro trophoblast-uterine endothelial cell co-culture model was used to investigate the effect of @entity1675 on trophoblast incorporation into endothelial tubules in the presence and absence of @entity310 . Uterine endothelial cells were pre-incubated with lipid free @entity1675 (final @entity1675 concentration 1 mg/mL) for 16h prior to seeding on matrigel coated plates. Tubules formed within 4h. Fluorescence-labelled HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells were then co-cultured with the endothelial cells  @entity310 (final concentration of 0.2ng/mL). Bright field and fluorescent images were captured after 24h. The effect of @entity310 on HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion was quantified with Image J software. Integration of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells into uterine endothelial tubular networks was also imaged using live cell imaging techniques (Zeiss Axiovert). RESULTS: @entity310 inhibited HTR-8/SVneo (trophoblast) cell integration into endothelial tubular structures by 24.1  3.7% p<0.001. This effect was reversed when the endothelial cells were pre-incubated for 16h with lipid free @entity1675 (p<0.001 compared to non-incubated cells). Live cell images of the co-culture clearly demonstrate a disruption to the normal integration of trophoblast into endothelial tubular structures in the presence of @entity310 . The protective effect conferred by pre-incubation of endothelial cells with @entity1675 against @entity310 is also clearly visible. CONCLUSION: @entity1675 has been shown to enhance trophoblast-endothelial cell integration in the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus. A healthy lipid profile may affect pregnancy outcomes by priming endothelial cells in preparation for trophoblast invasion.

title: OS041. @entity1675 protects normal integration of the trophoblast into endothelial cellular networks in an in vitro model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['A dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apoA-I', 'Apolipoprotein A-I']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Failure of the trophoblast to appropriately invade uterine spiral arteries is thought to be an initiating event in @entity1468 , a disorder associated with @entity409 . @entity2299 characterised by low plasma levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and elevated @entity1674 has also been described in @entity1468 . The pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 inhibits trophoblast invasion of uterine endothelial cells. Previous work using an in vitro JEG-3 cell/Uterine endothelial cell co-culture model investigated the effect of apoliopoprotein A-I, the main apolipoprotein component of HDL, on trophoblast incorporation into endothelial tubules in the presence and absence of @entity310 . These effects are now investigated using the @entity1 invasive trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. OBJECTIVES: This study asks if @entity1675 , which has established anti-inflammatory properties, can protect against the deleterious effect of @entity310 on trophoblast-endothelial cell interactions. METHODS: The in vitro trophoblast-uterine endothelial cell co-culture model was used to investigate the effect of @entity1675 on trophoblast incorporation into endothelial tubules in the presence and absence of @entity310 . Uterine endothelial cells were pre-incubated with lipid free @entity1675 (final @entity1675 concentration 1 mg/mL) for 16h prior to seeding on matrigel coated plates. Tubules formed within 4h. Fluorescence-labelled HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells were then co-cultured with the endothelial cells  @entity310 (final concentration of 0.2ng/mL). Bright field and fluorescent images were captured after 24h. The effect of @entity310 on HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion was quantified with Image J software. Integration of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells into uterine endothelial tubular networks was also imaged using live cell imaging techniques (Zeiss Axiovert). RESULTS: @entity310 inhibited HTR-8/SVneo (trophoblast) cell integration into endothelial tubular structures by 24.1  3.7% p<0.001. This effect was reversed when the endothelial cells were pre-incubated for 16h with lipid free @entity1675 (p<0.001 compared to non-incubated cells). Live cell images of the co-culture clearly demonstrate a disruption to the normal integration of trophoblast into endothelial tubular structures in the presence of @entity310 . The protective effect conferred by pre-incubation of endothelial cells with @entity1675 against @entity310 is also clearly visible. CONCLUSION: @entity1675 has been shown to enhance trophoblast-endothelial cell integration in the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus. A healthy lipid profile may affect pregnancy outcomes by priming endothelial cells in preparation for trophoblast invasion.

title: OS041. XXXX protects normal integration of the trophoblast into endothelial cellular networks in an in vitro model of @entity1468 .

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural analgesia is commonly used for @entity158 management during labor. Sometimes, @entity9737 ( @entity9737 ) occurs causing severely debilitating @entity10 , which may be associated with transient @entity393 . We investigated if auditory function may be impaired several years after @entity9737 treated with epidural blood patch (EBP). METHODS: Sixty @entity1 ( @entity9737 group) without documented @entity393 , who received EBP following @entity9737 during labor between the years 2005-2011 were investigated in 2013 for auditory function using the following tests: otoscopic examination, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry, and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Additionally, they responded to a questionnaire, the Speech, Spatial and Qualities (SSQ) of hearing, concerning perceived @entity393 . The results were compared to a control group of 20 healthy, non-pregnant @entity1 in the same age group. RESULTS: The audiometric test battery was performed 5.2 (1.9)  years after delivery. No significant differences were found between the @entity9737 and the control groups in tympanometry or otoacoustic emissions. Pure tone audiometry revealed a significant but small (<  5  dB) difference between the @entity9737 and control groups (P  <  0.05). The ability to hear speech in noise as measured by SSQ was significantly reduced in the @entity9737 group compared to the control group (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A minor @entity393 was detected in the @entity9737 group compared to the control group in pure tone audiometry in some @entity1 and during speech-in-noise component several years after @entity9737 treated with an epidural blood patch. This small residual @entity393 has minor clinical significance.

title: Auditory function following post-dural puncture XXXX treated with epidural blood patch. A long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disability', 'hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['ADP', 'accidental dural puncture']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: @entity651 ( @entity651 ) limits the benefits of radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity2 . Radiation-induced differentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts plays a key role in @entity651 . Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can protect against @entity82 and that Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling is involved in fibrotic processes. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of @entity1 umbilical cord MSCs (HUMSCs) for preventing radiation-induced differentiation of @entity1 lung fibroblasts (HLFs) to myofibroblasts. There are two advantages in the use of HUMSCs; namely, they are easily obtained and have low immunogenicity. Irradiated HLFs were co-cultured with HUMSCs. Expression of a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 ), a myofibroblast marker, was measured by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Irradiation (X-rays, 5 Gy) induced the differentiation of HLFs into myofibroblasts, which was inhibited by co-culture with HUMSCs. Irradiation also caused activation of the canonical Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling in HLFs, as judged by increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3b, nuclear accumulation of @entity3546 , and elevated levels of @entity59414 ( @entity59414 ) in the conditioned medium. However, co-culture with HUMSCs attenuated the radiation-induced activation of the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling. We also measured the expression of @entity13040 that can enhance the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling by stabilizing @entity3546 . Co-culture with HUMSCs decreased @entity13040 protein levels in irradiated nHLFs. Thus, co-culture with HUMSCs attenuated the radiation-induced activation of Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling in HLFs, thereby inhibiting myofibroblastic differentiation of HLFs. Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for limiting @entity651 in @entity1 receiving radiotherapy for @entity2 .

title: Therapeutic Potential of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Inhibiting Myofibroblastic Differentiation of Irradiated XXXX Lung Fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity59414 :: ('8840', 'Gene') :: ['Wnt-inducible signaling protein-1', 'WISP-1']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['RILI', 'Radiation-induced lung injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of uncontrolled LDL-C in @entity1 with high @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risks across Canada and to examine its related factors. METHODS: Non-pregnant adults >20  years-old, who had a lipid test completed between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011 and were included in the Canadian Primary Care Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) database were studied. The Framingham-Risk-Score was calculated to determine the risk levels. A serum LDL-C level of >2.0  mmol/L was considered as being poorly controlled. @entity1 with a previous record of a @entity64 , @entity3657 , or an @entity741 were regarded as those under secondary prevention. Logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the factors associated with the LDL-C control. RESULTS: A total of 6,405 high-risk @entity1 were included in the study and, of this population, 68  % had a suboptimal LDL-C, which was significantly associated with the female gender (OR: 3.26; 95  % CI: 2.63-4.05, p   <   0.0001) and no medication therapy (OR: 6.31, 95  % CI: 5.21-7.65, p   <   0.0001). Those with comorbidities of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity28 , and smokers had a better LDL-C control. Rural residents (OR: 0.64, 95  % CI: 0.52-0.78, p   <   0.0001), and those under secondary prevention (OR: 0.42; 95  % CI: 0.35-0.51, p   <   0.0001), were also more likely to have a better LDL-C control. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of high-cardiac risk @entity1 in Canadian primary care settings have suboptimal LDL-C control. A lack of medication therapy appears to be the major contributing factor to this situation.

title: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol control status among Canadians at risk for XXXX : findings from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: African American (AA) @entity1 are known to have poorer @entity0 survival than whites, and the differences may be related to underlying disparities in their clinical presentation or access to care. This study evaluated the relationship between demographic, treatment, and socioeconomic factors and @entity0 survival among @entity1 in southeast Michigan. METHODS: The population included 2387 @entity1 (34% AA) with American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage I to III @entity0 who were treated at the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) from 1996 through 2005. Linked data sets from the HFHS, the Metropolitan Detroit @entity5 Surveillance System, and the US Census Bureau were used to obtain demographic and clinical information. Comorbidities were classified with the modified Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Economic deprivation was categorized with a census tract-based @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ), which was stratified into 5 quintiles of increasing socioeconomic disadvantage. RESULTS: Compared with whites, AA @entity1 were significantly more likely to have larger, @entity5282 -negative @entity5 and more comorbidities and to reside in an economically deprived area. In an unadjusted analysis, AAs had a significantly higher risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.59); however, after adjustments for clinical (age, stage, @entity5282 , and CCI) and societal factors ( @entity1949 ), the effect of race was not significant (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.96-1.34] , and HR, 0.97 [0.80-1.19] respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Racial differences in @entity0 survival can be explained by clinical and socioeconomic factors. Nonetheless, AA @entity1 with @entity0 remain disproportionately affected by unfavorable @entity5 characteristics and economic deprivation, which likely contribute to their increased overall mortality. @entity5 2015;121:3668-3675.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Racial differences in XXXX survival in a large urban integrated health system.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation index', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malarial incidence, severity, dynamics and distribution of @entity311 are strongly determined by climatic factors, i.e., temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity. The objectives of the current study were to analyse and model the relationships among climate, vector and @entity66 in district of Visakhapatnam, India to understand @entity311 transmission mechanism (MTM). METHODOLOGY: Epidemiological, vector and climate data were analysed for the years 2005 to 2011 in Visakhapatnam to understand the magnitude, trends and seasonal patterns of the @entity66 . Statistical software MINITAB ver. 14 was used for performing correlation, linear and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS/FINDINGS: Perennial @entity66 incidence and mosquito population was observed in the district of Visakhapatnam with peaks in seasons. All the climatic variables have a significant influence on disease incidence as well as on mosquito populations. Correlation coefficient analysis, seasonal index and seasonal analysis demonstrated significant relationships among climatic factors, mosquito population and @entity66 incidence in the district of Visakhapatnam, India. Multiple regression and ARIMA (I) models are best suited models for modeling and prediction of disease incidences and mosquito population. Predicted values of average temperature, mosquito population and malarial cases increased along with the year. Developed MTM algorithm observed a major MTM cycle following the June to August rains and occurring between June to September and minor MTM cycles following March to April rains and occurring between March to April in the district of Visakhapatnam. Fluctuations in climatic factors favored an increase in mosquito populations and thereby increasing the number of malarial cases. Rainfall, temperatures (20  C to 33  C) and humidity (66% to 81%) maintained a warmer, wetter climate for mosquito growth, parasite development and @entity311 transmission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Changes in climatic factors influence @entity311 directly by modifying the behaviour and geographical distribution of vectors and by changing the length of the life cycle of the parasite.

title: Association of Climatic Variability, Vector Population and XXXX in District of Visakhapatnam, India: A Modeling and Prediction Analysis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malaria disease', 'malarial disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Malarial Disease']


abstract: Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) strains are commonly found in the intestine of ruminant species of wild and domestic animals. Excretion of STEC with animal feces results in a broad contamination of food and the environment. @entity1 get infected with STEC through ingestion of contaminated food, by contact with the environment, and from STEC-excreting animals and @entity1 . STEC strains can behave as @entity1 pathogens, and some of them, called enterohemorrhagic @entity526 (EHEC), may cause @entity548 ( @entity548 ) and @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). Because of the diversity of STEC types, detection strategies for STEC and EHEC are based on the identification of Shiga toxins or the underlying genes. Cultural enrichment of STEC from test samples is needed for identification, and different protocols were developed for this purpose. Multiplex real-time PCR protocols ( @entity8670 /CEN TS13136 and USDA/FSIS MLG5B.01) have been developed to specifically identify EHEC by targeting the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement)-encoded eae gene and genes for EHEC-associated O groups. The employment of more genetic markers (nle and CRISPR) is a future challenge for better identification of EHEC from any kinds of samples. The isolation of STEC or EHEC from a sample is required for confirmation, and different cultivation protocols and media for this purpose have been developed. Most STEC strains present in food, animals, and the environment are eae negative, but some of these strains can cause @entity548 and @entity1381 in @entity1 as well. Phenotypic assays and molecular tools for typing EHEC and STEC strains are used to detect and characterize @entity1 pathogenic strains among members of the STEC group.

title: Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing XXXX from Nonhuman Sources and Strain Typing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['HC', 'hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']