abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity18053 - @entity675 -positive, @entity5441 ( @entity5441 ) is a new category of hematological entities. Various clinical symptoms may occur, with no specific characteristics in either the clinical picture or the neuroimaging findings, and this may give rise to a diagnostic dilemma. A report on a long follow-up period (10 years) in a case of @entity5441 that presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms appears to be unique. Besides the complexity of the diagnostic process, the successful treatment is discussed. CASE REPORT: The @entity5441 was diagnosed in a male @entity1 at the age of 33 years, with involvement of the central nervous system and the myocardium. After the onset of the clinical signs, the MRI indicated bilateral cerebral and cerebellar @entity75 involving the watershed areas, mainly in the parieto-occipital regions. High-dose intravenous @entity479 ( @entity1667 500 mg/day) alleviated the neurological symptoms within a few weeks, and the administration of @entity2213 (200 mg/day) resulted in an impressive regression of the @entity1712 and @entity381 within 6 weeks. During the follow-up, the @entity1 has continued to receive @entity2213 . The molecular remission has persisted, no new complaints have developed and the condition of the @entity1 has remained stable. CONCLUSION: The timely recognition of the @entity5441 and identification of the disease subtype which led to the administration of @entity2213 may be the key to successful treatment. The long stable follow-up period gives rise to a new dilemma in the treatment of the @entity5441 in these special cases: for how long should a @entity1 receive a @entity4149 kinase inhibitor, and may the treatment be suspended?

title: WATERSHED INFARCTION IN HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME: A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA IN @entity18053 - XXXX -ASSOCIATED MYELOID NEOPLASM.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortico-subcortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome', 'HES']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity675 :: (5156,Gene) :: ['PDGFR ALPHA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity18053 - @entity675 -positive, @entity5441 ( @entity5441 ) is a new category of hematological entities. Various clinical symptoms may occur, with no specific characteristics in either the clinical picture or the neuroimaging findings, and this may give rise to a diagnostic dilemma. A report on a long follow-up period (10 years) in a case of @entity5441 that presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms appears to be unique. Besides the complexity of the diagnostic process, the successful treatment is discussed. CASE REPORT: The @entity5441 was diagnosed in a male @entity1 at the age of 33 years, with involvement of the central nervous system and the myocardium. After the onset of the clinical signs, the MRI indicated bilateral cerebral and cerebellar @entity75 involving the watershed areas, mainly in the parieto-occipital regions. High-dose intravenous @entity479 ( @entity1667 500 mg/day) alleviated the neurological symptoms within a few weeks, and the administration of @entity2213 (200 mg/day) resulted in an impressive regression of the @entity1712 and @entity381 within 6 weeks. During the follow-up, the @entity1 has continued to receive @entity2213 . The molecular remission has persisted, no new complaints have developed and the condition of the @entity1 has remained stable. CONCLUSION: The timely recognition of the @entity5441 and identification of the disease subtype which led to the administration of @entity2213 may be the key to successful treatment. The long stable follow-up period gives rise to a new dilemma in the treatment of the @entity5441 in these special cases: for how long should a @entity1 receive a @entity4149 kinase inhibitor, and may the treatment be suspended?

title: WATERSHED INFARCTION IN HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME: A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA IN XXXX - @entity675 -ASSOCIATED MYELOID NEOPLASM.

answer: @entity18053 :: (81608,Gene) :: ['FIP1L1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity523 @entity566 have been extensively studied but component-resolved in vivo diagnosis with purified allergens has yet to be performed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of sensitization to Sola l 3 in a Mediterranean population, and to compare the resulting sensitization profile with that of individuals sensitized to @entity523 , @entity2486 , and/or purified lipid transfer protein (LTP). METHODS: Sola l 3 was purified, characterized, and used to prepare skin prick tests (SPTs). Two groups of @entity1 were selected. Group 1 consisted of @entity1 with at least 1 positive SPT to @entity523 , @entity2486 , or LTP mixture (marker extracts) who were subsequently tested with Sola l 3 (n = 280). Group 2 (prevalence study) consisted of @entity1 who underwent simultaneous SPT with the 3 marker extracts and Sola l 3 (n = 658). @entity1 from either group who were positive to any of the 4 extracts were studied in detail (study group, n = 1 23). ELISA and immunoblot assays were performed in individuals with a positive SPT to Sola l 3 to detect the presence of specific IgE antibodies to this allergen. RESULTS: Prevalence of sensitization to Sola l 3 was 3.2% overall and 54.7% in @entity523 -positive @entity1 . Most @entity523 -sensitized @entity1 were asymptomatic. Symptoms were more common in Sola l 3-positive individuals. Sensitization to @entity2486 and the LTP mixture did not discriminate between Sola l 3-positive and Sola l 3-negative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that LTP, not only from @entity2486 but also from other fruit and vegetables, including @entity523 , is an important allergen in the Mediterranean area. Sensitization to Sola l 3 is associated with more symptoms in @entity523 -sensitized @entity1 .

title: XXXX nsLTP as an "In Vivo" Diagnostic Tool: Sensitization in a Mediterranean Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic surgery has opened a new era in the field of surgery. Currently, it is accepted as the "gold standard" in the treatment of symptomatic @entity2963 . However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed for acute @entity2679 is technically difficult because of severe inflammatory adhesions and distortion of the biliary anatomy. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency, mean operative time and length of hospital stay in @entity1 of @entity14784 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: This prospective comparative study was carried out in the department of General Surgery Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) Karachi, from March to September 2013. During this period 233 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (54 cases of acute and 179 cases of @entity2679 respectively). The @entity1 who were pregnant, diagnosed with gall bladder mass on ultrasound, @entity1086 , acute @entity788 , and those with comorbid like @entity6 / @entity65 were excluded. RESULT: A total of 233 @entity1 were admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fifty four (54) @entity1 in Group A (acute @entity2679 ) and 179 @entity1 in Group B ( @entity2679 ) with female: male 2.8:1 and 4:1 in Group A and B respectively. Operative time was longer for group A. Six cases of conversion to open procedure one (1) in Group A and 5 in Group B respectively. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and efficient for both @entity14784 .

title: COMPARISON OF OPERATIVE TIME AND LENGTH OF HOSPITAL STAY IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN ACUTE VERSES CHRONIC XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'chronic cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['CHOLECYSTITIS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of BPH. Irrigant fluid absorption by the @entity1 is a potentially serious complication of TURP and can lead to dilutional @entity2753 and @entity1069 . Other common complications of TURP include @entity293 and secondary @entity548 . The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of @entity260 ( @entity293 and dilutional @entity2753 ) between 1.5% @entity8959 and sterile distilled water used as irrigant in BPH @entity1 after TURP. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in department of Urology, PIMS Islamabad, from August 2013 to February 2014. A total of 170 adult male @entity1 between 50-80 years of age undergoing TURP with prostate volume more than 30cc on ultrasound. 85 @entity1 each were randomly allocated to two groups. In group-A, @entity8959 was used as irrigan,t solution during TURP while in group-B distilled water was used. Serum @entity1372 levels were measured at 6th @entity86 hour to look for dilutional @entity2753 . On the 15th @entity86 day they were inquired about any clinical features of @entity293 . Also urine routine examination was performed to look for the presence of WBCs in the urine. RESULTS: Post-operative dilutional @entity2753 was observed in 13 (15.3%) @entity1 in Group A and in 10 (11.8%) @entity1 in group-B. The difference between both the groups being nonsignificant (p-value=0.501).Frequency of @entity86 @entity293 on 15th @entity86 day in group-A was 23(27.1%) while in group-B it was 16 (18.8%), the difference among both the groups being insignificant (p-value=0.202). CONCLUSION: Although the frequency of @entity260 like UTI and dilutional @entity2753 was less with sterile distilled water, yet, the difference was statistically not significant.

title: POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS WITH XXXX AND STERILE DISTILLED WATER AFTER TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['TURP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'Urinary Tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity8959 :: (D005998,Chemical) :: ['GLYCINE']


abstract: Neonatal monocytes have diminished function compared with adult cells. The ability to recruit neutrophils through elaboration of chemoattractants has not been evaluated in @entity1 . The pattern of chemoattractant release induced by @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) also is unknown. Adult and cord blood monocytes were stimulated with @entity1892 . Supernatants were used as the attractant in blind well chambers; migration to neonatal supernatants was diminished. @entity687 ( @entity687 ) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were released in greater quantities by adult monocytes in response to either @entity1892 or lipopolysaccharide. Opsonization of @entity1892 was not required for @entity687 release. Adult monocytes released more LTB4 when stimulated with unopsonized @entity1892 than with opsonized @entity1892 ; the neonate's LTB4 production did not increase. @entity687 and LTB4 accounted for the majority of chemoattractant activity released in response to @entity1892 . Decreased production of LTB4 and @entity687 may contribute to the neonate's poor host response to @entity1892 .

title: Group B streptococci elicit leukotriene B4 and XXXX from @entity1 monocytes: neonates exhibit a diminished response.

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'group B streptococci']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['interleukin-8']


abstract: Neonatal monocytes have diminished function compared with adult cells. The ability to recruit neutrophils through elaboration of chemoattractants has not been evaluated in @entity1 . The pattern of chemoattractant release induced by @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) also is unknown. Adult and cord blood monocytes were stimulated with @entity1892 . Supernatants were used as the attractant in blind well chambers; migration to neonatal supernatants was diminished. @entity687 ( @entity687 ) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were released in greater quantities by adult monocytes in response to either @entity1892 or lipopolysaccharide. Opsonization of @entity1892 was not required for @entity687 release. Adult monocytes released more LTB4 when stimulated with unopsonized @entity1892 than with opsonized @entity1892 ; the neonate's LTB4 production did not increase. @entity687 and LTB4 accounted for the majority of chemoattractant activity released in response to @entity1892 . Decreased production of LTB4 and @entity687 may contribute to the neonate's poor host response to @entity1892 .

title: Group B streptococci elicit leukotriene B4 and @entity687 from XXXX monocytes: neonates exhibit a diminished response.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. We recorded the extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in @entity1249 in the freely behaving @entity35 after stimulation of the apical dendritic and basal dendritic afferents. The apical dendritic population EPSP was negative at the apical @entity655 and positive at stratum oriens and alveus. The basal dendritic population EPSP was negative at basal dendritic layer (stratum oriens) and positive at the cell body and apical @entity655 . We delivered various tetanic stimulus patterns in an attempt to elicit long-term potentiation (LTP) at the apical dendritic synapse of @entity1249 pyramidal cells. A 200-Hz high-frequency train (HF) 1 s in duration was more successful than theta-frequency primed bursts (PBs; 1 or 4 priming pulses followed by 10 or 4 pulses at 100 Hz) in eliciting LTP of the apical dendritic population EPSP, recorded either ipsilaterally or contralaterally. 3. @entity116 applied to the apical dendritic afferents occasionally elicited long-term @entity308 (LTD) at an intensity lower than the LTP threshold. LTD persisted to > or = 1 day after a @entity116 . 4. High-intensity tetanic stimulations often elicited hippocampal afterdischarges (ADs). If the @entity195 duration was brief (< 15 s), apical dendritic LTP could follow the @entity195 . However, if the @entity195 duration was long, no apical dendritic LTP was observed. @entity116 that evoked an apical dendritic LTP typically evoked a short hippocampal @entity195 < 15 s in duration. 5. LTP of the basal dendritic population EPSP was readily elicited either after an HF or a PB @entity116 of low (1.5-2 times threshold) stimulus intensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term potentiation at the apical and basal dendritic synapses of XXXX after local stimulation in behaving @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic layers', 'dendritic layers. 2']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: 1. We recorded the extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in @entity1249 in the freely behaving @entity35 after stimulation of the apical dendritic and basal dendritic afferents. The apical dendritic population EPSP was negative at the apical @entity655 and positive at stratum oriens and alveus. The basal dendritic population EPSP was negative at basal dendritic layer (stratum oriens) and positive at the cell body and apical @entity655 . We delivered various tetanic stimulus patterns in an attempt to elicit long-term potentiation (LTP) at the apical dendritic synapse of @entity1249 pyramidal cells. A 200-Hz high-frequency train (HF) 1 s in duration was more successful than theta-frequency primed bursts (PBs; 1 or 4 priming pulses followed by 10 or 4 pulses at 100 Hz) in eliciting LTP of the apical dendritic population EPSP, recorded either ipsilaterally or contralaterally. 3. @entity116 applied to the apical dendritic afferents occasionally elicited long-term @entity308 (LTD) at an intensity lower than the LTP threshold. LTD persisted to > or = 1 day after a @entity116 . 4. High-intensity tetanic stimulations often elicited hippocampal afterdischarges (ADs). If the @entity195 duration was brief (< 15 s), apical dendritic LTP could follow the @entity195 . However, if the @entity195 duration was long, no apical dendritic LTP was observed. @entity116 that evoked an apical dendritic LTP typically evoked a short hippocampal @entity195 < 15 s in duration. 5. LTP of the basal dendritic population EPSP was readily elicited either after an HF or a PB @entity116 of low (1.5-2 times threshold) stimulus intensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term potentiation at the apical and basal dendritic synapses of @entity1249 after local stimulation in behaving XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity9440 is a life-threatening disease and an important differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Early clinical diagnosis and rapid intervention is required to ensure @entity1 survival. Spontaneous @entity9440 may be induced by hematological, inflammatory or infiltrative diseases affecting the spleen. @entity381 may also significantly increase the risk of @entity397 . Other contributory factors include male, adulthood, rapid growth of the spleen and @entity733 . Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old @entity1 who was undergoing chemotherapy for @entity1072 . He was admitted to our hospital after he suddenly developed persistent upper @entity490 . Computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed accumulation of free fluid in and around the spleen. He was diagnosed as having spontaneous @entity9440 and an emergency operation was performed. During the operation, we found a massively enlarged spleen with several capsular tears, and performed a splenectomy. The @entity1 made a good recovery. Pathological examination revealed that the spleen was infiltrated by @entity2225 -, @entity5893 - and @entity7527 -positive lymphoid blasts. We encountered a case of spontaneous @entity9440 in a @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for exacerbating @entity1072 . In a case of @entity490 of acute onset in @entity1 with @entity1503 , spontaneous @entity9440 should be suspected.

title: A case of spontaneous XXXX during chemotherapy for @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disease']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['splenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['splenic rupture']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity9440 is a life-threatening disease and an important differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Early clinical diagnosis and rapid intervention is required to ensure @entity1 survival. Spontaneous @entity9440 may be induced by hematological, inflammatory or infiltrative diseases affecting the spleen. @entity381 may also significantly increase the risk of @entity397 . Other contributory factors include male, adulthood, rapid growth of the spleen and @entity733 . Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old @entity1 who was undergoing chemotherapy for @entity1072 . He was admitted to our hospital after he suddenly developed persistent upper @entity490 . Computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed accumulation of free fluid in and around the spleen. He was diagnosed as having spontaneous @entity9440 and an emergency operation was performed. During the operation, we found a massively enlarged spleen with several capsular tears, and performed a splenectomy. The @entity1 made a good recovery. Pathological examination revealed that the spleen was infiltrated by @entity2225 -, @entity5893 - and @entity7527 -positive lymphoid blasts. We encountered a case of spontaneous @entity9440 in a @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for exacerbating @entity1072 . In a case of @entity490 of acute onset in @entity1 with @entity1503 , spontaneous @entity9440 should be suspected.

title: A case of spontaneous @entity9440 during chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia']


abstract: The @entity1 monocyte-like cell line, U-937, was shown to synthesize and secrete C3 by hemolytic assays, radioimmunoassays and metabolic labeling experiments. The daily synthesis of antigenic C3 by unstimulated U-937 cells was low (about 3 ng/10(6) cells/24 hr) over a 3 day period. Induction of the cells to differentiate into macrophage-like cells with @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), resulted in 5-fold augmentation of C3 synthesis and secretion into the culture medium. Using a plaque assay for enumerating C3 production by single cells, approx. 5% of unstimulated U-937 cells were found to secrete hemolytically active C3. The proportion of C3-plaque forming cells was increased about 6-fold in PMA stimulated cells. The synthesis of C3 by U-937 cells was reversibly inhibited by @entity1880 . Data from @entity214 -PAGE analyses showed that U-937 cells synthesized C3 as a precursor polypeptide chain and was capable of processing this pro-molecule into the secreted two chain form. C3 antigen immunoprecipitated from stimulated U-937 cell lysates showed an increased amount of low mol. wt material as compared to C3 antigen immunoprecipitated from the lysates of unstimulated cells. This may be attributable to increased intracellular proteolytic activity in the PMA stimulated cells. The studies show that the U-937 cell line provides a useful model for studies on the synthesis and processing of complement proteins and the physiological regulation of complement production.

title: Biosynthesis of the third component of complement by the XXXX monocyte-like cell line, U-937.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The long-term outcome of @entity19998 appears to be variable. The objective of this study is to clarify the sequelae of disease process in @entity19998 , with special reference to the humoral and cellular immune responses after avoidance of direct antigen exposure. METHODS: Five @entity1 with @entity19998 were studied for various parameters including pulmonary function tests, cellular profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, determinations of antibodies in BAL fluids and sera, and antigen-induced proliferation of peripheral and bronchoalveolar lymphocytes during the 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Four of five @entity1 showed improvement in pulmonary function, and one showed marked deterioration. This @entity1 's room was close to the pigeon coop where her son was breeding pigeons, resulting in low-grade antigenic stimulation. Three @entity1 demonstrated an increase in @entity405 + cells in BAL fluid, but the remaining two showed an increase in @entity404 + cells. The levels of IgA antibodies remained unchanged, whereas IgG levels started declining after the first 3 years of follow-up. Antigen-induced proliferation of BAL lymphocytes from all five @entity1 and blood lymphocytes from four of five @entity1 became weaker and gradually approached normal levels. One @entity1 had @entity3794 and showed significant reduction in pulmonary functions but elevated reactivity of BAL lymphocytes to pigeon antigens. CONCLUSION: This follow-up study demonstrates persistence of sensitized lymphocytes and antibody production in the respiratory tract and warrants careful evaluation of @entity1 with @entity19998 , even after antigen avoidance.

title: A follow-up study of pulmonary function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, and humoral and cellular immunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19998 :: ('MESH:D001716', 'Disease') :: ["bird fancier's lung"]

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

answer: @entity19998 :: (MESH:D001716,Disease) :: ['bird fancier's lung']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Odontogenic differentiation of @entity1 dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) is regulated by multiple factors and signaling molecules. However, their regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 20 ( @entity27048 ) in odontoblastic differentiation of HDPSCs. METHODS: HDPSCs were obtained from @entity1 third molars and @entity27048 expression was examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Their osteo/odontogenic differentiation and the involvement of NF-kB pathway were subsequently investigated. RESULTS: The expression of @entity27048 is upregulated in a time-dependent manner during odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Inhibition of @entity27048 reduced osteogenic medium (OM)-induced odontogenic differentiation, reflected in decreased @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity, mineralized nodule formation and mRNA expression of odonto/osteogenic marker genes. In contrast, overexpression of @entity27048 enhanced @entity623 activity, mineralization and the expression of differentiation marker genes. Furthermore, the expression of @entity4284 was increased by @entity27048 silencing in HDPSCs, whereas @entity27048 overexpression decreased @entity4284 and enhanced nuclear NF-kB p65. Inhibition of the NF-kB pathway significantly suppressed the odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs induced by @entity27048 . CONCLUSION: This study shows for the first time that @entity27048 plays an important role during odontoblastic differentiation of HDPSCs and may have clinical implications for regenerative endodontics.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX Dental Pulp Stem Cells via the NF-kB Pathway.

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A major regulatory site for species specificity of fertilization in mammals lies at the level of sperm binding to the zona pellucida. This implies a high degree of complementarity between gamete and receptor molecules. These molecules support species-specific interactions between sperm and oocyte that lead to gamete fusion (fertilization). We identified a @entity35 sperm head surface antigen using an IgG1 monoclonal antibody ( @entity46092 ) against @entity35 sperm of epididymis cauda. By electron microscopy the antigen was shown to be present on the plasma membrane surface of the sperm dorsal head. One- and two-dimensional immunoblotting analysis of sperm proteins demonstrated that @entity46092 reacted only with a 52 K molecule with a pI ranging from 6.6 to 7.2. The 52 K protein was first detected in situ by indirect immunofluorescence and showed to be underlining few elongated spermatids in testis. However, when the sperm reached the epididymis caput, the antigen was seen to be expressed on the dorsal surface of spermatozoa head. A similar fluorescence reaction was detected on sperms in the epididymis corpus and cauda. The specific spermatozoa-zona pellucida interaction was inhibited in the presence of monoclonal antibody @entity46092 in a sperm binding assay of in vitro fertilization.

title: Monoclonal antibody against a 52 K sperm surface protein inhibits sperm-zona pellucida interactions in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity526 strains from outpatient urinary tract infections in northern Norway over a period of 1 year were examined for resistance to nine commonly used antibiotics. Strains collected during 4.5 months were examined for R plasmid content by using conjugation and in vitro transformation. Of the @entity526 strains, 42% were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Resistance was highest to @entity11682 (20.8% of all strains), @entity6616 (14.5%), and @entity803 (10.1%), whereas less than 6% of the strains were resistant to @entity869 , @entity7911 , @entity5821 , @entity802 , or @entity799 . No strain was resistant to @entity801 . @entity803 resistance was more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Resistance to @entity5821 , @entity802 , and @entity11682 was higher in strains from older @entity1 . Resistance to @entity11682 was more frequent in the urban community. These was no seasonal variation in antibiotic resistance, although the incidence of @entity293 varied with seasons. Plasmid-determined resistance to @entity869 , @entity3639 , @entity11682 , and @entity803 was found. About 18% of the resistant strains from the urban municipality carried R plasmids, most of which were small plasmids mediating resistance to @entity11682 and @entity3639 . The overall frequency of resistance in strains collected from rural areas was similar to the urban frequency, but in the rural strains, R plasmids were found in only 5% of the resistant strains.

title: Antibiotic resistance and small R plasmids among XXXX isolates from outpatient urinary tract infections in northern Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline', 'Tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate life expectancy and mortality of @entity645 -positive individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) across Canada, and to consider the potential error introduced by @entity1 loss to follow-up (LTFU). METHODS: Our study used data from the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC) collaboration, including @entity645 -positive individuals aged >= 18  years who initiated ART on or after January 1, 2000. The CANOC collaboration collates data from eight sites in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. We computed abridged life-tables and remaining life expectancies at age 20 and compared outcomes by calendar period and @entity1 characteristics at treatment initiation. To correct for potential underreporting of mortality due to @entity1 LTFU, we conservatively estimated 30  % mortality among @entity1 lost to follow-up. RESULTS: 9997 individuals contributed 49,589 @entity1 -years and 830 deaths for a crude mortality rate of 16.7 [ @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.6] per 1000 @entity1 -years. When assigning death to 30  % of @entity1 lost to follow-up, we estimated 1170 deaths and a mortality rate of 23.6 [ @entity2246 0.7] per 1000 @entity1 -years. The crude overall life expectancy at age 20 was 45.2 [ @entity2246 0.7] and 37.5 [ @entity2246 0.6] years after adjusting for LTFU. In the LTFU-adjusted analysis, lower life expectancy at age 20 was observed for @entity1 compared to @entity1 (32.4 [ @entity2246 1.1] vs. 39.2 [ @entity2246 0.7] years), for @entity1 with injection drug use (IDU) history compared to those without IDU history (23.9 [ @entity2246 1.0] vs. 52.3 [ @entity2246 0.8] years), for @entity1 reporting Aboriginal ancestry compared to those with no Aboriginal ancestry (17.7 [ @entity2246 1.5] vs. 51.2 [ @entity2246 1.0] years), and for @entity1 with @entity404 count <350 cells/ L compared to @entity404 count >= 350 cells/ L at treatment initiation (36.3 [ @entity2246 0.7] vs. 43.5 [ @entity2246 1.3] years). Life expectancy at age 20 in the calendar period 2000-2003 was lower than in periods 2004-2007 and 2008-2012 in the LTFU-adjusted analyses (30.8 [ @entity2246 0.9] vs. 38.6 [ @entity2246 1.0] and 54.2 [ @entity2246 1.4]). CONCLUSIONS: Life expectancy and mortality for @entity645 -positive individuals receiving ART differ by calendar period and @entity1 characteristics at treatment initiation. Failure to consider LTFU may result in underestimation of mortality rates and overestimation of life expectancy.

title: Life expectancy of XXXX -positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ) is the standard for definitive airway management in emergency medicine. In a video-based study of @entity1170 in a paediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ), we reported a high degree of process variation and frequent adverse effects, including @entity7672 desaturation (SpO2<90%). This report describes a multidisciplinary initiative to improve the performance and safety of @entity1170 in a paediatric @entity341 . METHODS: We conducted a local improvement initiative in a high-volume academic paediatric @entity341 . We simultaneously tested: (1) an @entity1170 checklist, (2) a pilot/copilot model for checklist execution, (3) the use of a video laryngoscope and (4) the restriction of laryngoscopy to specific providers. Data were collected primarily by video review during the testing period and the historical period (2009-2010, baseline). We generated statistical process control charts (G-charts) to measure change in the performance of six key processes, attempt failure and the occurrence of oxyhaemoglobin desaturation during @entity1170 . We iteratively revised the four interventions through multiple plan-do-study-act cycles within the Model for Improvement. RESULTS: There were 75 cases of @entity1170 during the testing period (July 2012-September 2013). Special cause variation occurred on the G-charts for three of six key processes, attempt failure and desaturation, indicating significant improvement. The frequency of desaturation was 50% lower in the testing period than the historical (16% vs 33%). When all six key processes were performed, only 6% of @entity1 experienced desaturation. CONCLUSIONS: Following the simultaneous introduction of four interventions in a paediatric @entity341 , @entity1170 was performed more reliably, successfully and safely.

title: Reducing the incidence of oxyhaemoglobin desaturation during rapid sequence intubation in a paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid sequence intubation', 'RSI']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhaemoglobin']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: DNA linkage studies of @entity1 @entity74 have led to rapid characterization of a number of otherwise intractable disease loci. Detection of a linked DNA marker, the first step in "reverse genetics", has permitted cloning of the genes for @entity1555 , @entity995 and chronic @entity66 , among others. Thus, the case for applying these techniques to @entity6391 and @entity66 , and the urgency in capitalizing on molecular developments, is justified and compelling. The first major success regarding @entity6391 was in demonstrating linkage of the DNA marker DXS7 (L1.28) to XRP. For autosomal forms of the disease, conventional linkage studies have provided tentative evidence for linkage of @entity20034 to the Rh blood group on chromosome lp and for linkage of @entity15439 to Gc and 4q. These provisional assignments are, at least, an important starting point for DNA analysis. The Support Program for DNA Linkage Studies of @entity989 was established to provide access for the scientific community to appropriate families, using the resources of the @entity1 Genetic Mutant Cell Repository to prepare, store and distribute lymphoblast lines. To date, two extensive, well-characterized families are included in the program: the autosomal dominant @entity6391 family UCLA-RP01, and the @entity15439 families LSU-US01. It is highly likely that rapid progress will be made in mapping and characterizing the @entity1105 . We believe the support program will facilitate this progress.

title: DNA linkage studies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis disease', 'related diseases']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ["Usher's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['inherited retinal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative Retinal Diseases']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['degenerative retinal diseases']


abstract: Asynchronous populations of the budding @entity375 @entity375 AG1-7 were examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy for ultrastructural changes occurring in response to changes in the environment, specifically the following: temperature (23 or 37 degrees C); cell density (exponential, early stationary, and stationary phases); various periods of @entity1568 starvation at low cell density, and return of @entity1568 -starved cells to @entity1568 -replete medium. This information has been gathered in preparation for ultrastructural examination of comparable responses of temperature-sensitive cell-cycle mutants. The plasma membrane was found to be particularly responsive to changes in environment. A high proportion (75%) of cells in exponential phase populations at 37 degrees C displayed paracrystalline arrays of plasma membrane particles, whereas this proportion was much lower (20%) at 23 degrees C in the same medium; plasma membrane grooves were longer at 37 than at 23 degrees C. In budded cells, the mother cell displayed paracrystalline arrays more frequently than the bud. Entry of cells into stationary phase, either through permitting population growth or by limiting @entity1568 supply, resulted in increases in numbers of paracrystalline arrays and grooves. Groove depth also increased. The paracrystalline-array and groove-density responses were independent, both during entry into stationary phase and during the subsequent lag phase. Unusual groove forms appeared during stationary phase in high cell density populations, but not in low cell density @entity1568 -starved populations. "Aggregate" and "geometric" tonoplast forms, previously described in strain A364A when grown under some of the conditions used here, were not found in AG1-7 under any of the conditions used here. It was demonstrated that particle-free patches can arise rapidly on the tonoplast of AG1-7 in response to temperature change from 37 to 23 degrees C. During stationary phase, spherosomes (lipid droplets) increased in size, particularly in response to @entity1568 depletion. After 72 h of @entity1568 starvation, about 10% of cell volume consisted of spherosomes. Changes in vacuolar content and mitochondrial form were also noted during entry into stationary phase.

title: Ultrastructure of XXXX AG1-7 and its responses to changes in environment.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate which serologic, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and neuroradiographic tests alone or in combination are most useful in the diagnosis of @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) hospitalized with @entity146 between January 1982 and December 1991. Special tests evaluated as part of this study included serum antinuclear antibodies, complement levels, serum and CSF antineuronal antibodies, CSF special protein studies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] index and oligoclonal bands), serum antiribosomal-P antibodies, serum antiphospholipid antibodies, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) were determined for single tests and combinations of tests. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity12319 @entity1 were categorized by neuropsychiatric presentation (32 diffuse, 10 focal, and 10 complex presentations) and compared to 14 @entity1252 control @entity1 . Each @entity12319 @entity1 with a diffuse or complex presentation had abnormal CSF IgG index/oligoclonal bands, elevated CSF antineuronal antibodies, and/or serum antiribosomal-P antibodies, yielding a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 86%, and @entity2286 of 95% for this combination of tests. Nine of 10 @entity1 with focal presentations and all with complex disease had evidence of @entity1333 , antiphospholipid antibodies, and/or a cranial MRI with multiple lesions, giving a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 86%, and a @entity2286 of 90% for this battery of tests. These combinations of tests correctly diagnosed all nine @entity1252 @entity1 whose initial diagnosis proved to be incorrect based on subsequent clinical course. Abnormal test results frequently normalized or improved with successful therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Specific tests for CSF antibodies are most useful diagnostically in diffuse @entity12319 , implicating autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of this @entity12319 presentation. In those @entity1 with diffuse @entity12319 who present with primarily @entity146 , serum antiribosomal-P antibodies appear to be helpful. In contrast, focal @entity12319 appears to be mostly secondary to @entity432 , and the presence of @entity1333 , antiphospholipid antibodies, and/or an abnormal cranial MRI are most helpful diagnostically. @entity1 with complex presentations demonstrate abnormalities characteristic of both diffuse and focal @entity12319 . Abnormal tests can be followed serially and appear to correlate with clinical responses to therapy.

title: XXXX : a 10-year prospective study on the value of diagnostic tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disease', 'psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis/livedo reticularis', 'dermal vasculitis/livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['NPLE', 'neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Many online support groups are available for @entity1 with rare disorders, but scant evidence is available on how effectively such groups provide useful information or valuable psychosocial support to their @entity1 . It is also unclear to what extent physicians and researchers may learn more about these disorders by participating in such groups. To formally assess the utility of the Kovler Monogenic Diabetes Registry online discussion group for @entity1 and families affected by KATP channel-related @entity6 in providing psychosocial and informational support and in identifying concerns unique to @entity1 with this rare form of @entity6 . We qualitatively analyzed all 1,410 messages from the online group that consisted of 64 @entity1 affected by KATP channel monogenic @entity6 and 11 researchers. We utilized the Social Behavior Support Code to assign each message to a support category and deductive thematic analysis to identify discussion topics addressed by each message. 44% of messages provided/requested informational support, whereas 31.4% of the messages contained psychosocial/emotional support. The most popular topics of postings to the forums were @entity6 treatment (503 messages) and neurodevelopmental concerns (472 messages). Participation in the discussion led researchers to modify survey instruments and design new studies focusing on specific topics of concern, such as sleep. We demonstrate that an online support group for a monogenic form of @entity6 is an effective informational tool that also provides psychosocial support. Participation by researchers and care providers can inform future research directions and highlight issues of @entity1 concern.

title: An online monogenic XXXX discussion group: supporting families and fueling new research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'monogenic neonatal diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1327 is a ubiquitous fungus found in the soil. Upon inhalation, a complex, incompletely understood series of host responses begins that determines whether the @entity281 will be controlled or will progress to local or disseminated disease. Local @entity358 may be asymptomatic or may pursue a subacute course with mild @entity2 . In the compromised host, however, symptomatic @entity358 is often the harbinger of systemic dissemination. Early host responses include phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes aided by complement activation which provides opsonins. Lymphocytes are activated to produce lymphokines which may enhance macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of ingested cryptococci. Other lymphocytes may function as natural killer-like cells or inhibit the growth of the fungus. Production of antibody further facilitates phagocytosis by both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes (MC). In the presence of antibody, both PMN and MC demonstrate antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 . The combination of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in normal hosts appears to provide excellent protection against disseminated @entity281 as evidence by the rarity of disease in exposed individuals with positive skin tests. By contrast, the frequency of @entity1330 in @entity134 -treated individuals, allograft recipients, and @entity791 victims highlight the importance of T lymphocyte dependent host defenses. In view of compelling in vitro evidence for the importance of humoral responses, the infrequency of @entity1330 in @entity1 with gammopathies remains a puzzle.

title: The immunology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary symptoms and systemic complaints suggestive of tumor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1330 :: (MESH:D016919,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal disease']


abstract: 1. In standing @entity1 , toe-up rotation of a platform induces a short-latency (SLR) and a medium-latency response (MLR) in both soleus (Sol) and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles. Toe-down rotation evokes a MLR in the tibialis anterior (TA). The SLR is the counterpart of the monosynaptic stretch reflex, but the origin of the MLR is still debated. By means of @entity21819 (an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist) we tested the hypothesis that the MLR is relayed by group II afferent fibres, since animal data indicate that @entity21819 or stimulation of monoaminergic brainstem centres decrease the excitability of spinal interneurones supplied by those fibres. In addition, we compared the effect of the drug on these responses with that induced by stabilization of posture. 2. Eight subjects received @entity21819 (150 micrograms kg-1 orally) or placebo, in a single-blind design. @entity717 were delivered prior to administration and for 3 h afterwards. Both TA- and FDB-MLRs decreased in size, starting from about 1 h after @entity21819 administration. Sol-SLR was unaffected. Response latencies were unchanged. Placebo induced no changes in any response. In each subject, the extent of TA-MLR @entity308 induced by holding onto a frame and by @entity21819 was superimposable. 3. The selective effect of @entity21819 on MLR supports the notion that it is relayed through group II afferent fibres. The similar effects of holding and @entity21819 on the response suggests that it is modulated by monoaminergic centres.

title: Selective XXXX of medium-latency leg and foot muscle responses to stretch by an alpha 2-agonist in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Platform rotations']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['tizanidine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: 1. In standing @entity1 , toe-up rotation of a platform induces a short-latency (SLR) and a medium-latency response (MLR) in both soleus (Sol) and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles. Toe-down rotation evokes a MLR in the tibialis anterior (TA). The SLR is the counterpart of the monosynaptic stretch reflex, but the origin of the MLR is still debated. By means of @entity21819 (an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist) we tested the hypothesis that the MLR is relayed by group II afferent fibres, since animal data indicate that @entity21819 or stimulation of monoaminergic brainstem centres decrease the excitability of spinal interneurones supplied by those fibres. In addition, we compared the effect of the drug on these responses with that induced by stabilization of posture. 2. Eight subjects received @entity21819 (150 micrograms kg-1 orally) or placebo, in a single-blind design. @entity717 were delivered prior to administration and for 3 h afterwards. Both TA- and FDB-MLRs decreased in size, starting from about 1 h after @entity21819 administration. Sol-SLR was unaffected. Response latencies were unchanged. Placebo induced no changes in any response. In each subject, the extent of TA-MLR @entity308 induced by holding onto a frame and by @entity21819 was superimposable. 3. The selective effect of @entity21819 on MLR supports the notion that it is relayed through group II afferent fibres. The similar effects of holding and @entity21819 on the response suggests that it is modulated by monoaminergic centres.

title: Selective @entity308 of medium-latency leg and foot muscle responses to stretch by an alpha 2-agonist in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Objective : To introduce a surgical technique for the repair of @entity2419 with the single and full-thickness Z-plasty method. @entity1 and Methods : The procedure was performed from 1999 to 2006 in 34 @entity1 with @entity2419 with a median age of 6.0  years (range, 2.0 to 21  years). In these @entity1 , in order to push the soft palate back farther, a single and full-thickness Z-plasty, designed on the soft palate across the defect, was applied to the von Langenbeck procedure. The full thickness of the soft palate was incised after the hard palate was closed by suturing the two mucoperiosteal flaps, and two Z-plasty flaps were formed. The two flaps were then transposed and closed by interrupted suturing of three layers of the palate in proper order, from nasal mucosa, levator muscle to oral mucosa. The @entity1 were followed for 6  months to 3  years, velopharyngeal closure was examined by nasopharyngeal fiberscope and/or x-ray radiography, and a clinical speech evaluation was performed. Results : In all @entity1 , no problem of flap viability was encountered and all healed well. The postoperative results were satisfactory without any complications such as dehiscence, perforation, or palatal @entity292 . The clinical speech evaluation was satisfactory, and the effects of the operation were stable. Conclusions : The technique presented has been effective, having the advantages of palatal closure without @entity2701 and with sufficient lengthening of the soft palate.

title: The single z-plasty for XXXX repair: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: PURPOSE:    The study focused on the falls efficacy of @entity64 survivors in the community and its association with the related factors. METHOD:    The study was conducted through a cross-sectional design in the community setting. One hundred seven @entity64 survivors were recruited. Falls efficacy was measured by the 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale International version, where the higher mean score showed more concern about falling in daily life. RESULTS:    @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) dependency levels, including mild, moderate and severe, contributed to 33.5% of the explained variance. @entity1 were over 7.5 times more likely to have high falls efficacy than @entity1 . Moderate and severe @entity3457 dependency @entity1 were 10.8 and 13.6 times more likely to have high falls efficacy than @entity3457 independent @entity1 . Single fall @entity1 were also nearly 13 times more likely to have high falls efficacy than others who had either recurrent falls or no falls. CONCLUSIONS: Female gender, strong @entity3457 dependency, and single falls were associated with high falls efficacy. The levels of @entity3457 dependency were the most correlated with falls efficacy than with other related factors. Rehabilitation interventions should also be incorporated to minimise @entity3457 dependency, and to improve falls efficacy for @entity64 survivors.

title: Falls efficacy among XXXX survivors living in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['ADL', 'Activities of daily living']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the major @entity299 ( @entity299 ) can modify the cerebrovascular flow dynamics and the biometrical parameters in fetuses at third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: We studied 60 fetuses with CHD. Data included prenatal versus postnatal cardiac diagnosis, cerebral and umbilical artery doppler, fetal biometrical parameters, fetal weight, and gestational age. The pulsatility index (PI) was used to determine blood flow velocities in the umbilical artery (UA) and @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), while the cerebro/placental ratio (CPR) was assessed as a measure of cerebral autoregulation. Fetuses with CHD were compared to normal controls and then analyzed after being divided into groups based on specific defects. RESULTS: Compared with control fetuses, those with CHD showed a decrease of resistance blood flow in the @entity2500 (1.76 vs 1.92 PI) especially considering the CPR (1.66 vs 2.03 PI) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, fetuses with CHD also had smaller head circumferences (30.6 cm vs 31.5 cm p < 0.01) and head/abdominal (HC/AC) ratio (1 vs 1.05 p < 0.01). When stratified for single @entity299 , fetuses with hypoplasic @entity1699 showed a lower CPR and HC/AC ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebrovascular resistance is significantly lower in fetuses with CHD, especially in cases of @entity10584 . The cerebro/placental hemodynamic changes are similar to that described in fetuses with @entity2431 and may contribute to their abnormal neurologic development.

title: Cerebral blood flow autoregulation and XXXX : possible causes of abnormal prenatal neurologic development.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left side obstruction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases', 'congenital heart diseases', 'CHDs']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: An immunoblotting technique was modified to detect and biochemically characterize HLA-DR antigens expressed on circulating @entity1 monocytes. Membrane proteins of peripheral blood monocytes were solubilised using the mildly anionic detergent, @entity6743 . These solubilised proteins were resolved by @entity214 -PAGE and transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose. The HLA-DR antigen was detected using a polyclonal antiserum and two monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies. Both immunoperoxidase and 125I autoradiography techniques were used for visualisation of the antigen. The resolution of HLA-DR reactive material was increased when proteins were renatured with 4M @entity1133 after blotting. Immunoprobing of a sample of solubilized membrane proteins showed three bands of HLA-DR antigenic reactivity at molecular weights 65kDa, 55kDa and 46kDa. After storage at -70 degrees C for 2 months, only the 46kDa HLA-DR antigen band was detectable. Nonetheless, the 2-chain HLA-DR molecule was found to be an extremely stable complex which could not be dissociated by boiling in sample buffer containing 5% @entity6514 and 2% @entity214 . A stronger reducing agent, 25 mM @entity3902 , was required to split the HLA-DR molecule into its alpha and beta subunit chains. Finally, in a study of circulating monocytes from normal subjects, the immunoblotting technique was shown to quantitate solubilised HLA-DR antigen in a reproducible manner.

title: Characterization and quantification of solubilised HLA-DR antigens from circulating XXXX monocytes using an immunoblotting procedure.

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium deoxycholate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity26892 and @entity43049 (PP) are two appetite suppressing hormones, released post-prandially from the ileum and pancreas, respectively. @entity26892 (3-36) , the major circulating form of the peptide, is considered to reduce food intake in @entity1 and rodents via high affinity binding to the auto-inhibitory neuropeptide Y receptor Y2R, whereas PP is considered to act through the Y4R. Current evidence indicates the anorexigenic effects of both peptides occur via signalling in the brainstem and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) has previously been used to track hypothalamic neuronal activity in vivo in response to both nutritional interventions and gut hormone treatment. In the present study, we used MEMRI to demonstrate that s.c. administration of PP results in a significant reduction in signal intensity (SI) in the ARC, @entity2339 and paraventricular nucleus of fasted @entity19 . Subcutaneous delivery of @entity26892 (3-36) resulted in a nonsignificant trend towards decreased SI in the hypothalamus of fasted @entity19 . We found no SI change in the area postrema of the brainstem after s.c. injection of either peptide. These differences in hypothalamic SI profile between PP and @entity26892 (3-36) occurred despite both peptides producing a comparable reduction in food intake. These results suggest that separate central pathways control the anorexigenic response for PP and @entity26892 (3-36) , possibly via a differential effect of Y4 receptor versus Y2 receptor signalling. In addition, we performed a series of MEMRI scans at 0-2, 2-4 and 4-6 h post-injection of @entity26892 (3-36) and a potent analogue of the peptide; @entity26892 (3-36) (LT). We recorded a significant reduction in the ARC SI 2-4 h after @entity26892 (3-36) (LT) injection compared to both saline and @entity26892 (3-36) in fasted @entity19 . The physiological differences between @entity26892 (3-36) and its analogue were also observed in the long-term effects on food intake, with @entity26892 (3-36) (LT) producing a more sustained anorexigenic effect. These data suggest that MEMRI can be used to investigate the long-term effects of gut peptide delivery on activity within the hypothalamus and brainstem.

title: Peptide YY 3-36 and XXXX differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in @entity19 in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity43049 :: ('19064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['ventromedial hypothalamus']

answer: @entity43049 :: (19064(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']


abstract: @entity26892 and @entity43049 (PP) are two appetite suppressing hormones, released post-prandially from the ileum and pancreas, respectively. @entity26892 (3-36) , the major circulating form of the peptide, is considered to reduce food intake in @entity1 and rodents via high affinity binding to the auto-inhibitory neuropeptide Y receptor Y2R, whereas PP is considered to act through the Y4R. Current evidence indicates the anorexigenic effects of both peptides occur via signalling in the brainstem and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) has previously been used to track hypothalamic neuronal activity in vivo in response to both nutritional interventions and gut hormone treatment. In the present study, we used MEMRI to demonstrate that s.c. administration of PP results in a significant reduction in signal intensity (SI) in the ARC, @entity2339 and paraventricular nucleus of fasted @entity19 . Subcutaneous delivery of @entity26892 (3-36) resulted in a nonsignificant trend towards decreased SI in the hypothalamus of fasted @entity19 . We found no SI change in the area postrema of the brainstem after s.c. injection of either peptide. These differences in hypothalamic SI profile between PP and @entity26892 (3-36) occurred despite both peptides producing a comparable reduction in food intake. These results suggest that separate central pathways control the anorexigenic response for PP and @entity26892 (3-36) , possibly via a differential effect of Y4 receptor versus Y2 receptor signalling. In addition, we performed a series of MEMRI scans at 0-2, 2-4 and 4-6 h post-injection of @entity26892 (3-36) and a potent analogue of the peptide; @entity26892 (3-36) (LT). We recorded a significant reduction in the ARC SI 2-4 h after @entity26892 (3-36) (LT) injection compared to both saline and @entity26892 (3-36) in fasted @entity19 . The physiological differences between @entity26892 (3-36) and its analogue were also observed in the long-term effects on food intake, with @entity26892 (3-36) (LT) producing a more sustained anorexigenic effect. These data suggest that MEMRI can be used to investigate the long-term effects of gut peptide delivery on activity within the hypothalamus and brainstem.

title: Peptide YY 3-36 and @entity43049 differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in XXXX in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophagogastroduedenoscopy (EGD) in @entity1 is usually performed under general anesthesia. Anesthetic goals include minimization of airway complications while maximizing operating room (OR) efficiency. Currently, there is no consensus on which anesthetic technique best meets these goals. We performed a prospective randomized study comparing three different anesthetic techniques. AIMS: To evaluate the incidence of @entity1576 (primary aim) and institutional efficiency (secondary aim) among three different anesthetic techniques in @entity1 undergoing EGD. METHODS: Subjects received a standardized inhalation induction of anesthesia followed by randomization to one of the three groups: Group intubated, @entity2614 (IS), Group intubated, @entity1875 (IP), and Group native airway, nonintubated, @entity1875 (NA). Respiratory complications included minor desaturation (SpO2 between 94% and 85%), severe desaturation (SpO2   <  85%), @entity386 , @entity1224 / @entity8822 , aspiration, and/or inadequate anesthesia during the endoscopy. Evaluation of institutional efficiency was determined by examining the time spent during the different phases of care (anesthesia preparation, procedure, OR stay, recovery, and total perioperative care). RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 aged 1-12  years (median 7  years; 4.0, 10.0) were enrolled (Group IS N  =  60, Group IP N  =  59, Group NA N  =  61). The incidence of @entity1576 was higher in the Group NA (0.459) vs Group IS (0.033) or Group IP (0.086) (P  <  0.0001). The most commonly observed complications were desaturation, inadequate anesthesia, and @entity386 . There were no differences in institutional efficiency among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Respiratory complications were more common in Group NA. The use of native airway with @entity1875 maintenance during EGD does not offer advantages with respect to @entity1576 or institutional efficiency.

title: Comparison of different anesthesia techniques during esophagogastroduedenoscopy in XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity68 accumulation has been linked to @entity528 following @entity2806 . In animals, a hypointense signal on T2*-weighted (T2*-w) MRI correlated with @entity68 deposits in remote brain regions following @entity385 . We aim to assess whether such signal changes are present in remote brain structures following @entity385 in @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed T2*-w images of 36 @entity1 with unilateral @entity385 and 36 healthy controls. Regions of interest (ROIs) consisted of the thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus and white matter. To quantify signal intensity in ROIs ipsilateral to the @entity1188 , signal intensity was measured in the ROIs in both hemispheres and a ratio of signal intensity was calculated. Signal asymmetry was compared between @entity1 and controls and its relation with time after @entity64 onset was assessed. RESULTS: In 34 (94%) @entity1 , the thalamus ipsilateral to the @entity1188 was hypointense compared to the contralateral thalamus. Ipsilateral thalamic signal hypointensity was significantly different between @entity1 and controls (p < 0.001) and was present as early as 1 day after @entity64 onset. In other ROIs, no difference was found between @entity1 and controls. No association was found between intensity asymmetry and time. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that, as early as days after @entity385 , T2*-w signal intensity was decreased in the ipsilateral thalamus. This finding might indicate pathophysiologic changes in regions outside the infarcted area, possibly reflecting toxic @entity68 accumulation.

title: MRI Susceptibility Changes Suggestive of XXXX Deposition in the Thalamus after @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['Iron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity68 accumulation has been linked to @entity528 following @entity2806 . In animals, a hypointense signal on T2*-weighted (T2*-w) MRI correlated with @entity68 deposits in remote brain regions following @entity385 . We aim to assess whether such signal changes are present in remote brain structures following @entity385 in @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed T2*-w images of 36 @entity1 with unilateral @entity385 and 36 healthy controls. Regions of interest (ROIs) consisted of the thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus and white matter. To quantify signal intensity in ROIs ipsilateral to the @entity1188 , signal intensity was measured in the ROIs in both hemispheres and a ratio of signal intensity was calculated. Signal asymmetry was compared between @entity1 and controls and its relation with time after @entity64 onset was assessed. RESULTS: In 34 (94%) @entity1 , the thalamus ipsilateral to the @entity1188 was hypointense compared to the contralateral thalamus. Ipsilateral thalamic signal hypointensity was significantly different between @entity1 and controls (p < 0.001) and was present as early as 1 day after @entity64 onset. In other ROIs, no difference was found between @entity1 and controls. No association was found between intensity asymmetry and time. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that, as early as days after @entity385 , T2*-w signal intensity was decreased in the ipsilateral thalamus. This finding might indicate pathophysiologic changes in regions outside the infarcted area, possibly reflecting toxic @entity68 accumulation.

title: MRI Susceptibility Changes Suggestive of @entity68 Deposition in the Thalamus after XXXX .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: The health-related beliefs and behaviors of long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 are important because of vulnerability to adverse late effects from their primary malignancy and its therapy. A health behavior survey was completed by 110 parents of long-term survivors ranging in age from 11-17 years, and by 40 adult long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 ranging in age from 18-29 years. The survey included questions on the former @entity1 's frequency of @entity167 and @entity286 use, as well as diet, exercise, sleep, dental, and seatbelt habits. The reported prevalence of @entity286 and @entity167 use was less than 10% among those less than 18 years old. Among the adults, @entity286 (17.5%) and @entity167 (72.5%) use was greater, but problem drinking was infrequently reported. In order to assess their perceived vulnerability, we asked the parents and the young adult @entity1 to rate the strength of their belief that it is more important for the @entity1 to keep healthy compared to most other @entity1 or young adults. Contrary to our expectation, demographic factors such as the @entity1 's gender, socioeconomic level, or time elapsed since completion of therapy exerted minimal influence on their responses. Over 80% of parents and 60% of young adult survivors believed that it was more important for the former @entity1 to remain healthy compared to most other @entity1 . However, this shared belief in increased vulnerability was inconsistently expressed in the @entity1 's health behaviors. These results suggest that specific changes are needed in the health assessment and education of long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 .

title: Health-related behaviors of survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 with recurrent @entity2946 were treated with @entity786 in association with Sargramostim. @entity786 was given at doses ranging between 1.0-2.5 g/m2 daily for two doses. Sargramostim was given at a fixed dose of 250 micrograms/m2 subcutaneously twice a day beginning 24 hours after the second @entity786 dose and continuing through the leukocyte nadir until the ANC was more than 1,000 cells/microliters for two consecutive days. A total of 33 courses were given with @entity137 consisting of grade 4 @entity1398 in all courses and grade 3-4 @entity882 in 10 of 13 @entity1 . There were no deaths related to @entity548 . Four @entity1 were taken off study because of prolonged myelosuppression. Three of these @entity1 were at the 2.5 g/m2 level, and of these three, two developed @entity358 (grades 2 and 4, respectively). One @entity1 developed an @entity56 following the first injection of Sargramostim and was also taken off study. Of 10 evaluable @entity1 , there were 9 PR and 1 SD. We conclude that @entity786 at a dose of 2.0 g/m2/day x 2 days q 4 weeks in association with Sargramostim demonstrates marked activity with acceptable @entity137 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity2946 .

title: @entity786 in combination with sargramostim for treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['infection or bleeding']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 with recurrent @entity2946 were treated with @entity786 in association with Sargramostim. @entity786 was given at doses ranging between 1.0-2.5 g/m2 daily for two doses. Sargramostim was given at a fixed dose of 250 micrograms/m2 subcutaneously twice a day beginning 24 hours after the second @entity786 dose and continuing through the leukocyte nadir until the ANC was more than 1,000 cells/microliters for two consecutive days. A total of 33 courses were given with @entity137 consisting of grade 4 @entity1398 in all courses and grade 3-4 @entity882 in 10 of 13 @entity1 . There were no deaths related to @entity548 . Four @entity1 were taken off study because of prolonged myelosuppression. Three of these @entity1 were at the 2.5 g/m2 level, and of these three, two developed @entity358 (grades 2 and 4, respectively). One @entity1 developed an @entity56 following the first injection of Sargramostim and was also taken off study. Of 10 evaluable @entity1 , there were 9 PR and 1 SD. We conclude that @entity786 at a dose of 2.0 g/m2/day x 2 days q 4 weeks in association with Sargramostim demonstrates marked activity with acceptable @entity137 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity2946 .

title: XXXX in combination with sargramostim for treatment of recurrent @entity2946 .

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['Cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although many studies have suggested an association between higher @entity414 (UA) and both development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity177 in Stage I and II @entity740 , it is not clear whether this effect is consistent throughout higher @entity740 stages. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between baseline UA and renal outcomes in @entity1 with established @entity740 (Stages III-V). METHODS: We analysed data in the Swedish @entity8 (SRR- @entity740 ), which is a nationwide registry of referred @entity740 @entity1 . @entity1 with a visit between January 1(st), 2005 and December 31(st), 2011 were followed until initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT), @entity204 , referral to primary care or end of follow-up. Decline in renal function was assessed with a linear mixed model using all estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessments recorded during median 28 months of follow-up, adjusting for important confounders such as demographic factors, primary @entity8 , age, sex, relevant medication, diet, blood pressure and body mass index. RESULTS: There were 2466 @entity1 with a baseline UA measurement {mean [standard deviation (SD)] of 7.81 [1.98] mg/dL}. The mean decline in renal function was -1.48 (95% CI -1.65; -1.31) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) per year. The overall adjusted change in decline in renal function per unit increase in baseline UA was 0.08 (95% CI -0.01; 0.17) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) per year indicating no association between higher UA levels and decline in renal function. In Stage III, IV and V @entity740 @entity1 , the mean decline in renal function was -1.52 (95% CI -1.96; -1.08), -1.52 (95% CI -1.72; -1.32) and -1.19 (95% CI -1.75; -0.64) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) per year, respectively. The adjusted change in the decline in renal function per unit increase in baseline UA was -0.09 (95% CI -0.30; 0.13) in Stage III @entity740 , 0.16 (95% CI 0.04; 0.28) in Stage IV @entity740 and 0.18 (95% CI -0.09; 0.45) in Stage V @entity740 . The overall adjusted hazard ratio for start of RRT was 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-1.02). For Stage III, IV and V @entity740 , it was 0.99 (95% CI 0.73-1.34), 0.97 (95% CI 0.91-1.03) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.91-1.07), respectively. CONCLUSION: UA is not associated with the rate of decline in renal function or time to start of RRT in Stage III, IV and/or V @entity740 @entity1 .

title: Uric acid is not associated with decline in renal function or time to renal replacement therapy initiation in a referred cohort of XXXX with Stage III, IV and V chronic kidney disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Registry-Chronic Kidney Disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['faster decline in renal function']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In a long-term multicenter open trial involving 10 general practitioners, the efficacy and tolerance of @entity7726 (SAMe) were studied for 24 months in 108 @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee, hip, and spine. At the end of the 24-month observation period, 97 of the @entity1 were still in the study. The @entity1 received 600 mg of SAMe daily (equivalent to three tablets of 200 mg each) for the first two weeks and thereafter 400 mg daily (equivalent to two tablets of 200 mg each) until the end of the 24th month of treatment. Separate evaluations were made for @entity571 of the knee, hip, cervical spine, and dorsal/lumbar spine. The severity of the clinical symptoms ( @entity7127 , @entity158 at rest, and @entity158 on movement) was assessed using scoring before the start of the treatment, at the end of the first and second week of treatment, and then monthly until the end of the 24-month period. SAMe administration showed good clinical effectiveness and was well tolerated. The improvement of the clinical symptoms during therapy with SAMe was already evident after the first weeks of treatment and continued up to the end of the 24th month. Non-specific side effects occurred in 20 @entity1 , but in no case did therapy have to be discontinued. Most side effects disappeared during the course of therapy. Moreover, during the last six months of treatment, no adverse effect was recorded. Detailed laboratory tests carried out at the start and after six, 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment showed no pathologic changes. SAMe administration also improved the depressive feelings often associated with @entity571 .

title: A long-term (two years) clinical trial with XXXX for the treatment of @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

answer: @entity7726 :: (MESH:D012436,Chemical) :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']


abstract: In a long-term multicenter open trial involving 10 general practitioners, the efficacy and tolerance of @entity7726 (SAMe) were studied for 24 months in 108 @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee, hip, and spine. At the end of the 24-month observation period, 97 of the @entity1 were still in the study. The @entity1 received 600 mg of SAMe daily (equivalent to three tablets of 200 mg each) for the first two weeks and thereafter 400 mg daily (equivalent to two tablets of 200 mg each) until the end of the 24th month of treatment. Separate evaluations were made for @entity571 of the knee, hip, cervical spine, and dorsal/lumbar spine. The severity of the clinical symptoms ( @entity7127 , @entity158 at rest, and @entity158 on movement) was assessed using scoring before the start of the treatment, at the end of the first and second week of treatment, and then monthly until the end of the 24-month period. SAMe administration showed good clinical effectiveness and was well tolerated. The improvement of the clinical symptoms during therapy with SAMe was already evident after the first weeks of treatment and continued up to the end of the 24th month. Non-specific side effects occurred in 20 @entity1 , but in no case did therapy have to be discontinued. Most side effects disappeared during the course of therapy. Moreover, during the last six months of treatment, no adverse effect was recorded. Detailed laboratory tests carried out at the start and after six, 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment showed no pathologic changes. SAMe administration also improved the depressive feelings often associated with @entity571 .

title: A long-term (two years) clinical trial with @entity7726 for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: The authors report a prospective, randomized 18-month study on the effect of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in 152 hydrocephalic @entity1 in whom clean shunt operations or revisions were done. The treated group received @entity3256 (totally 200 mg/kg) divided into six i.v. doses during 24 hours starting at the induction of anesthesia. @entity1 allergic to @entity114 received @entity2929 instead. Seventy-nine patients received antibiotics, and 73 (the control group) received none. All @entity1 were followed at least 6 months after operation or to their @entity204 . Eleven @entity1 developed signs of @entity281 , giving an overall @entity281 rate of 7.2%; however, the @entity281 occurred less than 1 month after the operation in only half of these. Six of the @entity1 had @entity295 , 4 had @entity298 , and 1 had @entity693 . In the treated group, the @entity281 rate was 8.9%; in the control group, the rate was 5.5%. There was no statistically significant difference. The prophylactic antibiotic regimen in this investigation did not reduce the @entity281 rate connected with cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedures.

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in cerebrospinal fluid shunting: a prospective randomized trial in 152 hydrocephalic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2151 reductase catalyzes the first step in the pathway for the production of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. The gene encoding the small subunit of @entity2151 reductase was isolated from a @entity375 genomic DNA expression library in lambda gt11 by a fortuitous cross-reaction with anti-RecA antibodies. The cross-reaction was due to an identity between the last four @entity1522 of each protein. The gene has been named @entity19685 and is centromere linked on chromosome X. The @entity377 sequence was determined, and the deduced @entity535 sequence, 399 @entity1522 , shows extensive homology with other eucaryotic @entity2151 reductases. Transplason mutagenesis was used to disrupt the @entity19685 gene. A novel assay using colony color sectoring was developed to demonstrate visually that @entity19685 is essential for mitotic viability. @entity19685 encodes a 1.5-kilobase mRNA whose levels increase 18-fold after treatment with the DNA-damaging agent @entity1978 . @entity19687 was also found to be inducible by DNA damage, but @entity19686 and @entity9868 were not inducible by @entity1978 . The expression of these genes defines a new mode of regulation for enzymes involved in DNA biosynthesis and sharpens our picture of the events leading to DNA repair in eucaryotic cells.

title: Identification and isolation of the gene encoding the small subunit of @entity2151 reductase from XXXX : DNA damage-inducible gene required for mitotic viability.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1978 :: ('MESH:D015112', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide', 'Ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: @entity2151 reductase catalyzes the first step in the pathway for the production of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. The gene encoding the small subunit of @entity2151 reductase was isolated from a @entity375 genomic DNA expression library in lambda gt11 by a fortuitous cross-reaction with anti-RecA antibodies. The cross-reaction was due to an identity between the last four @entity1522 of each protein. The gene has been named @entity19685 and is centromere linked on chromosome X. The @entity377 sequence was determined, and the deduced @entity535 sequence, 399 @entity1522 , shows extensive homology with other eucaryotic @entity2151 reductases. Transplason mutagenesis was used to disrupt the @entity19685 gene. A novel assay using colony color sectoring was developed to demonstrate visually that @entity19685 is essential for mitotic viability. @entity19685 encodes a 1.5-kilobase mRNA whose levels increase 18-fold after treatment with the DNA-damaging agent @entity1978 . @entity19687 was also found to be inducible by DNA damage, but @entity19686 and @entity9868 were not inducible by @entity1978 . The expression of these genes defines a new mode of regulation for enzymes involved in DNA biosynthesis and sharpens our picture of the events leading to DNA repair in eucaryotic cells.

title: Identification and isolation of the gene encoding the small subunit of XXXX reductase from @entity375 : DNA damage-inducible gene required for mitotic viability.

answer: @entity2151 :: (CHEBI:26561,Chemical) :: ['ribonucleotide']


abstract: AIM: To examine the correlation between the severity of @entity729 and the clinical symptoms of @entity1960 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study. The data, including the numbers of episodes of @entity66 , were collected from the medical records at Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Wei Gong Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between January 2005 and December 2014. All computed tomography images with or without contrast enhancement were obtained using a multiple detector computed tomography scanner. The scanning range reached from the dome of the diaphragm to the pelvis. The severity of @entity730 at the tributaries of the portal vein was measured using a four-grade scoring system of the @entity730 of @entity1960 . The episodes of @entity66 were defined as symptoms of @entity221 , @entity490 , severe @entity1142 , @entity1744 , @entity391 or @entity294 based on a review of the medical records. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the numbers of episodes of @entity66 and the severity of the @entity730 of the mesenteric veins. RESULTS: More than 3000 cases were reviewed from 2005 to 2014, and a total of 12 @entity1 from Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Wei Gong Memorial Hospital were enrolled according to our inclusion criteria. Among these 12 @entity1 , the mean age of the six males and the six females was 61.8    11.5 years. All @entity1 exhibited typical imaging characteristics, consisting of threadlike calcifications and colonic wall thickening in the standard radiographs and calcifications along the colonic and mesenteric vessels or associated with colonic wall thickening and adjacent fat stranding in the computed tomography images. The median score of the severity of the @entity729 was 18    13, and the median number of @entity66 episodes was 1    1.75. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the number of episodes of active @entity1960 disease significantly positively correlated with the severity of the @entity730 of the mesenteric veins (r = 0.619, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The extent of mesenteric venous @entity730 is strongly associated with the number of episodes of @entity66 among @entity1 with @entity1960 .

title: Relationship between severity of XXXX and symptoms of @entity1960 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['phlebosclerotic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['venous calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['venous calcifications']


abstract: AIM: To examine the correlation between the severity of @entity729 and the clinical symptoms of @entity1960 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study. The data, including the numbers of episodes of @entity66 , were collected from the medical records at Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Wei Gong Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between January 2005 and December 2014. All computed tomography images with or without contrast enhancement were obtained using a multiple detector computed tomography scanner. The scanning range reached from the dome of the diaphragm to the pelvis. The severity of @entity730 at the tributaries of the portal vein was measured using a four-grade scoring system of the @entity730 of @entity1960 . The episodes of @entity66 were defined as symptoms of @entity221 , @entity490 , severe @entity1142 , @entity1744 , @entity391 or @entity294 based on a review of the medical records. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the numbers of episodes of @entity66 and the severity of the @entity730 of the mesenteric veins. RESULTS: More than 3000 cases were reviewed from 2005 to 2014, and a total of 12 @entity1 from Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Wei Gong Memorial Hospital were enrolled according to our inclusion criteria. Among these 12 @entity1 , the mean age of the six males and the six females was 61.8    11.5 years. All @entity1 exhibited typical imaging characteristics, consisting of threadlike calcifications and colonic wall thickening in the standard radiographs and calcifications along the colonic and mesenteric vessels or associated with colonic wall thickening and adjacent fat stranding in the computed tomography images. The median score of the severity of the @entity729 was 18    13, and the median number of @entity66 episodes was 1    1.75. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the number of episodes of active @entity1960 disease significantly positively correlated with the severity of the @entity730 of the mesenteric veins (r = 0.619, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The extent of mesenteric venous @entity730 is strongly associated with the number of episodes of @entity66 among @entity1 with @entity1960 .

title: Relationship between severity of @entity729 and symptoms of XXXX .

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['phlebosclerotic colitis']


abstract: 15 hazardous industrial waste samples were evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella plate-incorporation assay using strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of @entity14774 -induced @entity35 liver S9. @entity1044 / @entity1042 extracts of the crude wastes were also evaluated. 7 of the crude wastes were mutagenic, but only 2 of the extracts of these 7 wastes were mutagenic; extracts of 2 additional wastes also were mutagenic. In addition, 10 of the crude wastes were administered by gavage to F-344 @entity35 , and 24-h urine samples were collected. Of the 10 raw urines evaluated, 3 were mutagenic in strain TA98 in the presence of S9 and beta-glucuronidase. The 3 crude wastes that produced these 3 mutagenic urines were, themselves, mutagenic. Adequate volumes of 6 of the 10 raw urines were available for extraction/concentration. These 6 urines were incubated with beta-glucuronidase and eluted through Sep-Pak C18 columns; the @entity1042 eluates of 3 of the urines were mutagenic, and these were the same 3 whose raw urines also were mutagenic. In general, the C18/ @entity1042 extraction procedure reduced the @entity137 and increased the mutagenic potency of the urines. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the mutagenicity of urine from rodents exposed to hazardous wastes. Based on the present results, the use of only strain TA98 in the presence of S9 might be adequate for general screening of hazardous wastes or waste extracts for genotoxicity. The urinary mutagenesis assay does not appear to be a useful adjunct to the Salmonella assay for screening hazardous wastes. The problems associated with chemically fractionating diverse types of hazardous wastes for bioassay are also discussed.

title: Mutagenicity in salmonella of hazardous wastes and urine from XXXX fed these wastes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['Dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']