abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Enteric neuroimmune communication in gastrointestinal @entity56 responses includes antigen detection by mast cells and release of chemical messages to the enteric nervous system. The aim of this study was to analyze the electrical and synaptic behavior of neurons in the colonic submucous plexus during exposure to @entity8416 spiralis antigen in animals infected earlier with the parasite. METHODS: Microelectrodes were used to record in submucous neurons of @entity840 distal colon during application of @entity8416 antigen. RESULTS: Neurons in sensitized animals were more excitable than in controls. Hyperexcitability was seen as a greater probability of spontaneous action potential discharge and repetitive firing to depolarizing current or exposure to @entity934 . Application of histaminergic antagonists reversed the augmented excitability, suggesting endogenously released @entity112 as a responsible factor. Antigenic exposure increased neuronal excitability and suppressed nicotinic transmission at fast cholinergic synapses only in sensitized animals. Effects on excitability, but not presynaptic inhibitory effects, were blocked by @entity4444 . CONCLUSIONS: Signaling between mucosal mast cells and the enteric nervous system is involved in colonic anaphylactic responses to sensitizing antigens. @entity112 is a paracrine signal in the communication pathway.

title: Neuroimmune communication in the submucous plexus of @entity840 colon after infection with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity8416 :: (6334,Species) :: ['Trichinella spiralis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Enteric neuroimmune communication in gastrointestinal @entity56 responses includes antigen detection by mast cells and release of chemical messages to the enteric nervous system. The aim of this study was to analyze the electrical and synaptic behavior of neurons in the colonic submucous plexus during exposure to @entity8416 spiralis antigen in animals infected earlier with the parasite. METHODS: Microelectrodes were used to record in submucous neurons of @entity840 distal colon during application of @entity8416 antigen. RESULTS: Neurons in sensitized animals were more excitable than in controls. Hyperexcitability was seen as a greater probability of spontaneous action potential discharge and repetitive firing to depolarizing current or exposure to @entity934 . Application of histaminergic antagonists reversed the augmented excitability, suggesting endogenously released @entity112 as a responsible factor. Antigenic exposure increased neuronal excitability and suppressed nicotinic transmission at fast cholinergic synapses only in sensitized animals. Effects on excitability, but not presynaptic inhibitory effects, were blocked by @entity4444 . CONCLUSIONS: Signaling between mucosal mast cells and the enteric nervous system is involved in colonic anaphylactic responses to sensitizing antigens. @entity112 is a paracrine signal in the communication pathway.

title: Neuroimmune communication in the submucous plexus of XXXX colon after infection with @entity8416 .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effect of combination endocrine treatment (CET) or luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonist and @entity12194 on non- @entity5 prostate, @entity5436 , and @entity263 . METHODS: The morphology, including the mitotic activity, of 12 radical prostatectomies from @entity1 with @entity263 pretreated for three months with CET was evaluated in @entity6175 and @entity1711 stained sections and compared with an untreated age and stage matched control group. RESULTS: A differential effect on the non- @entity5 prostate was observed. In fact, the transition zone of the treated prostate showed simplification of the glandular lobules: the ducts and acini were small without undulations of the epithelial border and with a prominent basal cell layer. Within the peripheral zone there was inconspicuous branching of the ducts and acini which looked dilatated and lined by flattened @entity7944 . @entity5436 occurred in scattered ducts and acini in the peripheral zone of 10 of the 12 @entity1 . The epithelial cell lining showed a prominent basal cell layer. A certain degree of secretory cell type stratification was always present. However, crowding was less evident than in the untreated prostate because of cytoplasmic clearing and enlargement as a result of coalescence of vacuoles. The treated @entity420 had @entity5 acini which looked small and shrunken, and areas of individual infiltrating @entity5 cells separated by abundant interglandular connective tissue. The secretory cells of the nonneoplastic, @entity5436 , and @entity263 had inconspicuous nucleoli, nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and cytoplasmic clearing. Apoptotic bodies were easily identifiable in all the cell layers. The lumina were rich in macrophages, sloughed secretory cells with degenerative features, and apoptotic bodies. Mitoses were not observed in any of the treated non- @entity5 prostate, @entity5436 , or @entity263 , whereas the mitotic frequency increased from non- @entity5 prostate through @entity5436 up to @entity263 in the untreated specimens. CONCLUSIONS: CET before radical prostatectomy causes regressive epithelial changes together with enhanced apoptosis and blocked mitotic activity.

title: Effects of combination endocrine treatment on normal prostate, @entity5436 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic adenocarcinomas', 'prostatic adenocarcinoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effect of combination endocrine treatment (CET) or luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonist and @entity12194 on non- @entity5 prostate, @entity5436 , and @entity263 . METHODS: The morphology, including the mitotic activity, of 12 radical prostatectomies from @entity1 with @entity263 pretreated for three months with CET was evaluated in @entity6175 and @entity1711 stained sections and compared with an untreated age and stage matched control group. RESULTS: A differential effect on the non- @entity5 prostate was observed. In fact, the transition zone of the treated prostate showed simplification of the glandular lobules: the ducts and acini were small without undulations of the epithelial border and with a prominent basal cell layer. Within the peripheral zone there was inconspicuous branching of the ducts and acini which looked dilatated and lined by flattened @entity7944 . @entity5436 occurred in scattered ducts and acini in the peripheral zone of 10 of the 12 @entity1 . The epithelial cell lining showed a prominent basal cell layer. A certain degree of secretory cell type stratification was always present. However, crowding was less evident than in the untreated prostate because of cytoplasmic clearing and enlargement as a result of coalescence of vacuoles. The treated @entity420 had @entity5 acini which looked small and shrunken, and areas of individual infiltrating @entity5 cells separated by abundant interglandular connective tissue. The secretory cells of the nonneoplastic, @entity5436 , and @entity263 had inconspicuous nucleoli, nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and cytoplasmic clearing. Apoptotic bodies were easily identifiable in all the cell layers. The lumina were rich in macrophages, sloughed secretory cells with degenerative features, and apoptotic bodies. Mitoses were not observed in any of the treated non- @entity5 prostate, @entity5436 , or @entity263 , whereas the mitotic frequency increased from non- @entity5 prostate through @entity5436 up to @entity263 in the untreated specimens. CONCLUSIONS: CET before radical prostatectomy causes regressive epithelial changes together with enhanced apoptosis and blocked mitotic activity.

title: Effects of combination endocrine treatment on normal prostate, XXXX , and @entity263 .

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: A subpopulation of interstitial cells (ICs) are interposed between nerve terminals and smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract and may participate in neuromuscular transmission. These cells appear to be targets for NO released from enteric inhibitory nerves and respond to exogenous NO with: (i) an elevation in @entity6708 levels; (ii) an increase in intracellular @entity141 ; (iii) and release of a diffusible substance that has tentatively been identified as NO. For the latter to be possible, ICs must express a constitutive isoform of NOS. This study characterized the expression of NOS-like immunoreactivity (NOS-LI) in ICs of the @entity235 colon using 3 antibodies raised against the 2 known constitutive forms of NOS (i.e., neural ( @entity5612 ) and endothelial (eNOS) isoforms). Antibodies raised against cNOS and an antibody raised against @entity35 cerebellar @entity5612 labeled ICs along the submucosal surface of the circular muscle layer ( @entity2337 -SM), along the surface of septa that separate the circular muscle into fiber bundles ( @entity2337 -SM), and in the myenteric region between the circular and @entity121 ( @entity2337 -MY). Another antibody raised against @entity35 cerebellar @entity5612 failed to label ICs. Cultured @entity2337 -SM also expressed NOS-LI, suggesting that this feature of the @entity2337 phenotype survives culture conditions. Arteriolar endothelial cells in the @entity235 colon were labeled with the same 2 antibodies that labeled ICs, suggesting there are significant structural similarities between NO synthases in ICs and endothelial cells. The data suggest that @entity2337 -SM and @entity2337 -MY express a constitutive form of NOS. Synthesis of NO by ICs may influence electrical rhythmicity and may serve to amplify and even propagate enteric inhibitory neurotransmission.

title: Expression of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity by interstitial cells of the XXXX proximal colon.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal muscle layers']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The authors describe five white @entity1 with @entity3191 . Four @entity1 were older than 65 years. All cases presented with a short clinical course and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Clinical manifestations included @entity1395 , @entity353 , peripheral and @entity1661 . One case showed tonsillar involvement and subcutaneous @entity1600 ; @entity382 was present in four cases, two of them with @entity381 . Only one case presented @entity1897 and antibodies to @entity1 @entity1619 . Although three cases were classified as diffuse @entity706 and two as poorly differentiated @entity1072 , there were some common characteristics: diffuse infiltration by different proportions of small lymphoid cells and large immunoblasts, some of them multinucleated and similar to Reed-Sternberg cells; accumulation of histiocytes, plasmacytosis, @entity1712 , venular proliferation and compartmentalization were also found. @entity236 was observed in two @entity1 . Results of monoclonal markers showed four cases to be OKT4+ and the other OKT8+. The morphologic and immunologic characteristics of these @entity1 were typical and similar to those reported from other geographical areas.

title: XXXX . A clinical, histologic, and immunologic study of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-leukemia virus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['mixed lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow infiltration']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['Peripheral T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: A @entity1 (OG) with @entity1422 became refractory to platelet transfusion after the production of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) isoantibody (Ab1) specific for the @entity1428 . To determine the frequency at which the OG idiotype is found in the general population and in immune-mediated disease states, we developed a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Ab2) specific for affinity-purified OG anti-beta 3 Fab. The binding of Ab2 to Ab1 is inhibited by purified alpha IIb beta 3. Ab2 als binds to IgG specific for alpha IIb beta 3 obtained from one nonrelated @entity1422 @entity1 @entity2828 who has developed isoantibodies of similar specificity. On the other hand, Ab2 does not recognize alpha IIb beta 3-specific antibodies produced by two @entity1422 @entity1 , AF and LUC, who have developed isoantibodies with specificities distinct from that of the OG isoantibody. Moreover, Ab2 does not recognize alpha IIb beta 3-specific antibodies developed by three representative @entity1 with (autoimmune) @entity882 or six representative @entity1 with @entity882 , nor does it bind to IgG from any of 13 nonimmunized individuals. We have found that Ab2 also binds to selected protein ligands of alpha IIb beta 3 namely, fibrinogen, @entity4732 , and @entity2880 factor, but not to other protein ligands or control proteins, such a fibronectin, type I collagen, and albumin. The epitope(s) recognized by Ab2 on each adhesive protein are either very similar or identical since each protein can inhibit the binding of Ab2 to any of the other proteins. The epitope on fibrinogen recognized by Ab2 resides in the B beta chain, and is likely contained within the first 42 @entity1522 from the @entity2733 terminus. Since OG IgG inhibits fibrinogen binding to alpha IIb beta 3, the specificity of the OG idiotype defines a novel binding motif for the integrin alpha IIb beta 3 that is shared by fibrinogen, @entity4732 , and @entity2880 factor, but distinct from previously described RGD-containing sites on the fibrinogen, A alpha chain or the fibrinogen gamma chain @entity1473 -terminal decapeptide site. Our findings reported here represent an excellent example of molecular mimicry in which an antigen-selected, IgG inhibitor of alpha IIb beta 3 function shares a novel recognition sequence common to three physiologic protein ligands of that receptor.

title: Further characterization of the @entity1422 -related idiotype OG. Antiidiotype defines a novel epitope(s) shared by fibrinogen B beta chain, @entity4732 , and XXXX factor and required for binding to beta 3.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic purpura', 'alloimmune thrombocytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1428 :: ('3690', 'Gene') :: ['integrin subunit beta 3']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ['Glanzmann thrombasthenia']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2880 :: (MESH:D014842,Disease) :: ['von Willebrand']


abstract: A @entity1 (OG) with @entity1422 became refractory to platelet transfusion after the production of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) isoantibody (Ab1) specific for the @entity1428 . To determine the frequency at which the OG idiotype is found in the general population and in immune-mediated disease states, we developed a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Ab2) specific for affinity-purified OG anti-beta 3 Fab. The binding of Ab2 to Ab1 is inhibited by purified alpha IIb beta 3. Ab2 als binds to IgG specific for alpha IIb beta 3 obtained from one nonrelated @entity1422 @entity1 @entity2828 who has developed isoantibodies of similar specificity. On the other hand, Ab2 does not recognize alpha IIb beta 3-specific antibodies produced by two @entity1422 @entity1 , AF and LUC, who have developed isoantibodies with specificities distinct from that of the OG isoantibody. Moreover, Ab2 does not recognize alpha IIb beta 3-specific antibodies developed by three representative @entity1 with (autoimmune) @entity882 or six representative @entity1 with @entity882 , nor does it bind to IgG from any of 13 nonimmunized individuals. We have found that Ab2 also binds to selected protein ligands of alpha IIb beta 3 namely, fibrinogen, @entity4732 , and @entity2880 factor, but not to other protein ligands or control proteins, such a fibronectin, type I collagen, and albumin. The epitope(s) recognized by Ab2 on each adhesive protein are either very similar or identical since each protein can inhibit the binding of Ab2 to any of the other proteins. The epitope on fibrinogen recognized by Ab2 resides in the B beta chain, and is likely contained within the first 42 @entity1522 from the @entity2733 terminus. Since OG IgG inhibits fibrinogen binding to alpha IIb beta 3, the specificity of the OG idiotype defines a novel binding motif for the integrin alpha IIb beta 3 that is shared by fibrinogen, @entity4732 , and @entity2880 factor, but distinct from previously described RGD-containing sites on the fibrinogen, A alpha chain or the fibrinogen gamma chain @entity1473 -terminal decapeptide site. Our findings reported here represent an excellent example of molecular mimicry in which an antigen-selected, IgG inhibitor of alpha IIb beta 3 function shares a novel recognition sequence common to three physiologic protein ligands of that receptor.

title: Further characterization of the @entity1422 -related idiotype OG. Antiidiotype defines a novel epitope(s) shared by fibrinogen B beta chain, XXXX , and @entity2880 factor and required for binding to beta 3.

answer: @entity4732 :: (7448,Gene) :: ['vitronectin']


abstract: A @entity1 (OG) with @entity1422 became refractory to platelet transfusion after the production of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) isoantibody (Ab1) specific for the @entity1428 . To determine the frequency at which the OG idiotype is found in the general population and in immune-mediated disease states, we developed a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Ab2) specific for affinity-purified OG anti-beta 3 Fab. The binding of Ab2 to Ab1 is inhibited by purified alpha IIb beta 3. Ab2 als binds to IgG specific for alpha IIb beta 3 obtained from one nonrelated @entity1422 @entity1 @entity2828 who has developed isoantibodies of similar specificity. On the other hand, Ab2 does not recognize alpha IIb beta 3-specific antibodies produced by two @entity1422 @entity1 , AF and LUC, who have developed isoantibodies with specificities distinct from that of the OG isoantibody. Moreover, Ab2 does not recognize alpha IIb beta 3-specific antibodies developed by three representative @entity1 with (autoimmune) @entity882 or six representative @entity1 with @entity882 , nor does it bind to IgG from any of 13 nonimmunized individuals. We have found that Ab2 also binds to selected protein ligands of alpha IIb beta 3 namely, fibrinogen, @entity4732 , and @entity2880 factor, but not to other protein ligands or control proteins, such a fibronectin, type I collagen, and albumin. The epitope(s) recognized by Ab2 on each adhesive protein are either very similar or identical since each protein can inhibit the binding of Ab2 to any of the other proteins. The epitope on fibrinogen recognized by Ab2 resides in the B beta chain, and is likely contained within the first 42 @entity1522 from the @entity2733 terminus. Since OG IgG inhibits fibrinogen binding to alpha IIb beta 3, the specificity of the OG idiotype defines a novel binding motif for the integrin alpha IIb beta 3 that is shared by fibrinogen, @entity4732 , and @entity2880 factor, but distinct from previously described RGD-containing sites on the fibrinogen, A alpha chain or the fibrinogen gamma chain @entity1473 -terminal decapeptide site. Our findings reported here represent an excellent example of molecular mimicry in which an antigen-selected, IgG inhibitor of alpha IIb beta 3 function shares a novel recognition sequence common to three physiologic protein ligands of that receptor.

title: Further characterization of the XXXX -related idiotype OG. Antiidiotype defines a novel epitope(s) shared by fibrinogen B beta chain, @entity4732 , and @entity2880 factor and required for binding to beta 3.

answer: @entity1422 :: (MESH:D013915,Disease) :: ['thrombasthenia']


abstract: Epidermal dendritic and T-cell counts have been performed in lesional and non-lesional skin from 35 psoriatic @entity1 . The aims were to investigate absolute changes and interrelationships between these cellular elements in @entity1569 and to explain apparent discrepancies between these results and reports in the literature. In non-lesional skin, the most frequently expressed dendritic cell marker was @entity4896 . HLA-DR+ and alpha-mannosidase+ dendritic cells were approximately 50 per cent and S100+ cells were 25 per cent as frequent. T-lymphocytes were rare, @entity404 + cells predominating. In lesional psoriatic epidermis, there was a definite increase (approximately two-fold) in the absolute number of @entity4896 + dendritic cells. This differs from the conclusions from the majority of previous studies. However, when cell counts were expressed per unit area of vertical section, there was a decrease in @entity4896 + cells in lesional skin, which is an explanation for this discrepancy. There was a greater increase in absolute HLA-DR+ cell counts, so that the numbers of cells expressing @entity4896 and HLA-DR were similar in lesional skin. S100 expression increased proportionately with @entity4896 +, but there was no absolute increase in alpha-mannosidase+ cells, which might represent a separate sub-population of dendritic cells. The greatest cellular increase was in T-lymphocytes, particularly CD8+. In lesional skin, direct correlations have been demonstrated between epidermal thickness, HLA-DR+ dendritic cells and T-lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ cells. We would suggest that the present method of quantification is of value for the analysis of absolute changes in epidermal infiltrates, particularly @entity1569 , and could be applied to other epidermal pathologies.

title: Assessment of epidermal dendritic cell markers and T-lymphocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: The safety of concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity972 -sparing diuretics (PSD) in severe @entity712 remains a controversial issue. The database of the recently reported double-blind international trial, " @entity18293 in Severe @entity712 ," was investigated to elucidate this question. Of 516 @entity1 with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV, despite diuretics and @entity1289 inhibitor therapy, 352 were randomized to @entity18293 , a beta 1 partial agonist, and 164 were randomized to placebo. During the 13-week study, 28% of all @entity1 ( @entity18293 , 104; placebo, 42) received @entity972 -sparing diuretics. All groups were comparable in hemodynamics and dose of other diuretics. At study end, @entity1 with or without PSD showed no significant differences in serum K+ or @entity1011 , independent of @entity18293 or placebo therapy. Mortality rate was consistently lower: 4.6% in @entity1 with PSD and 8.5% in @entity1 without PSD, although statistical significance was not reached. As compared with baseline, K+ values of 6 @entity1 with and 17 @entity1 without PSD had increased by > 5.0 mM at study end (p = NS); 1 @entity1 with and 11 @entity1 without PSD had a @entity1011 level > 180 microM (p = NS). For 3 @entity1 receiving PSD, and 2 @entity1 not receiving PSD because of @entity8 , study was discontinued because of @entity4144 . No significant differences were noted in long and short action or different dosages of @entity1289 inhibitors. PSD may be administered concomitantly with @entity1289 inhibitors, but serum K+ should be monitored as with other diuretics.

title: Safety of concomitant @entity972 -sparing diuretics in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in severe XXXX . @entity18293 in Severe @entity712 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity18293 :: ('MESH:D017307', 'Chemical') :: ['xamoterol', 'Xamoterol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpotassemia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The safety of concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity972 -sparing diuretics (PSD) in severe @entity712 remains a controversial issue. The database of the recently reported double-blind international trial, " @entity18293 in Severe @entity712 ," was investigated to elucidate this question. Of 516 @entity1 with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV, despite diuretics and @entity1289 inhibitor therapy, 352 were randomized to @entity18293 , a beta 1 partial agonist, and 164 were randomized to placebo. During the 13-week study, 28% of all @entity1 ( @entity18293 , 104; placebo, 42) received @entity972 -sparing diuretics. All groups were comparable in hemodynamics and dose of other diuretics. At study end, @entity1 with or without PSD showed no significant differences in serum K+ or @entity1011 , independent of @entity18293 or placebo therapy. Mortality rate was consistently lower: 4.6% in @entity1 with PSD and 8.5% in @entity1 without PSD, although statistical significance was not reached. As compared with baseline, K+ values of 6 @entity1 with and 17 @entity1 without PSD had increased by > 5.0 mM at study end (p = NS); 1 @entity1 with and 11 @entity1 without PSD had a @entity1011 level > 180 microM (p = NS). For 3 @entity1 receiving PSD, and 2 @entity1 not receiving PSD because of @entity8 , study was discontinued because of @entity4144 . No significant differences were noted in long and short action or different dosages of @entity1289 inhibitors. PSD may be administered concomitantly with @entity1289 inhibitors, but serum K+ should be monitored as with other diuretics.

title: Safety of concomitant @entity972 -sparing diuretics in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in severe @entity712 . @entity18293 in Severe XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: The safety of concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity972 -sparing diuretics (PSD) in severe @entity712 remains a controversial issue. The database of the recently reported double-blind international trial, " @entity18293 in Severe @entity712 ," was investigated to elucidate this question. Of 516 @entity1 with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV, despite diuretics and @entity1289 inhibitor therapy, 352 were randomized to @entity18293 , a beta 1 partial agonist, and 164 were randomized to placebo. During the 13-week study, 28% of all @entity1 ( @entity18293 , 104; placebo, 42) received @entity972 -sparing diuretics. All groups were comparable in hemodynamics and dose of other diuretics. At study end, @entity1 with or without PSD showed no significant differences in serum K+ or @entity1011 , independent of @entity18293 or placebo therapy. Mortality rate was consistently lower: 4.6% in @entity1 with PSD and 8.5% in @entity1 without PSD, although statistical significance was not reached. As compared with baseline, K+ values of 6 @entity1 with and 17 @entity1 without PSD had increased by > 5.0 mM at study end (p = NS); 1 @entity1 with and 11 @entity1 without PSD had a @entity1011 level > 180 microM (p = NS). For 3 @entity1 receiving PSD, and 2 @entity1 not receiving PSD because of @entity8 , study was discontinued because of @entity4144 . No significant differences were noted in long and short action or different dosages of @entity1289 inhibitors. PSD may be administered concomitantly with @entity1289 inhibitors, but serum K+ should be monitored as with other diuretics.

title: Safety of concomitant XXXX -sparing diuretics in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in severe @entity712 . @entity18293 in Severe @entity712 Study Group.

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: The safety of concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity972 -sparing diuretics (PSD) in severe @entity712 remains a controversial issue. The database of the recently reported double-blind international trial, " @entity18293 in Severe @entity712 ," was investigated to elucidate this question. Of 516 @entity1 with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV, despite diuretics and @entity1289 inhibitor therapy, 352 were randomized to @entity18293 , a beta 1 partial agonist, and 164 were randomized to placebo. During the 13-week study, 28% of all @entity1 ( @entity18293 , 104; placebo, 42) received @entity972 -sparing diuretics. All groups were comparable in hemodynamics and dose of other diuretics. At study end, @entity1 with or without PSD showed no significant differences in serum K+ or @entity1011 , independent of @entity18293 or placebo therapy. Mortality rate was consistently lower: 4.6% in @entity1 with PSD and 8.5% in @entity1 without PSD, although statistical significance was not reached. As compared with baseline, K+ values of 6 @entity1 with and 17 @entity1 without PSD had increased by > 5.0 mM at study end (p = NS); 1 @entity1 with and 11 @entity1 without PSD had a @entity1011 level > 180 microM (p = NS). For 3 @entity1 receiving PSD, and 2 @entity1 not receiving PSD because of @entity8 , study was discontinued because of @entity4144 . No significant differences were noted in long and short action or different dosages of @entity1289 inhibitors. PSD may be administered concomitantly with @entity1289 inhibitors, but serum K+ should be monitored as with other diuretics.

title: Safety of concomitant @entity972 -sparing diuretics in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in severe @entity712 . XXXX in Severe @entity712 Study Group.

answer: @entity18293 :: (MESH:D017307,Chemical) :: ['Xamoterol']


abstract: The safety and effectiveness of intravenously administered gammaglobulin therapy for prophylaxis of @entity281 was evaluated in 133 high-risk neonates. The @entity1 were stratified into two groups: @entity1 with birth weight less than or equal to 1500 g and gestational age less than or equal to 34 weeks, and @entity1 with birth weight greater than 1500 g and receiving intensive care and assisted ventilation. Forty-three @entity1 in group 1 and 25 in group 2 were given gammaglobulin at a dose of 0.5 g/kg/wk, for 1 month in group 1 and during intensive care in group 2. Forty @entity1 in group 1 and 25 in group 2 served as controls. Serum total IgG and group B streptococcus-, @entity526 -, and CMV-specific IgG levels similar to those in adult controls were observed in the treated @entity1 2 hours after gammaglobulin administration. In the treated @entity1 in group 1, the incidence of @entity281 was 51%, and of @entity295 5%; in the controls the incidence of @entity281 was 77% (P less than 0.02), and of @entity295 20% (P less than 0.05). Infection was the main cause of @entity204 in one treated and six control @entity1 in group 1 (P less than 0.04). In the @entity1 with birth weight greater than 1500 g receiving intensive care and assisted ventilation, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of @entity281 or @entity295 in treated and control @entity1 . No side effects were observed after intravenous gammaglobulin administration. These data show that intravenously administered gammaglobulin is both safe and effective for prophylaxis of @entity281 in preterm very low birth weight @entity1 .

title: Intravenous gammaglobulin therapy for prophylaxis of XXXX in high-risk neonates.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase by the @entity4974 antimycotic agents naftifine and compound @entity8974 was investigated, with particulate enzyme preparations from the pathogenic @entity375 @entity5132 and @entity7409 and from @entity35 liver. Both naftifine and compound @entity8974 were potent inhibitors of the Candida epoxidases and showed apparently non-competitive kinetics with respect to the substrate @entity24288 . The Ki values for naftifine and compound @entity8974 in the @entity5132 system were 1.1 microM and 0.03 microM respectively. The @entity7409 enzyme was slightly more sensitive to inhibition. Varying the concentrations of cofactors or the soluble cytoplasmic fraction (S200) had no effect on the inhibition. The epoxidase from @entity35 liver was much less sensitive (Ki for compound @entity8974 was 77 microM). The inhibition was also qualitatively different from that in Candida, being competitive with respect to @entity24288 and also with respect to the S200 fraction. S200 fraction derived from @entity5132 also antagonized the inhibition of the epoxidase from liver, but the liver S200 fraction did not affect inhibition of the Candida enzyme by compound @entity8974 . There was no evidence for an irreversible or mechanism-based inhibition of either the fungal or the @entity1 epoxidase. The selective inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase was sufficient to account for the known antimycotic action of the compounds.

title: Inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase by XXXX antimycotic compounds. A comparative study of the fungal and @entity1 enzymes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis', 'C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity4974 :: ('MESH:D000499', 'Chemical') :: ['allylamine']

answer: @entity4974 :: (MESH:D000499,Chemical) :: ['allylamine']


abstract: The inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase by the @entity4974 antimycotic agents naftifine and compound @entity8974 was investigated, with particulate enzyme preparations from the pathogenic @entity375 @entity5132 and @entity7409 and from @entity35 liver. Both naftifine and compound @entity8974 were potent inhibitors of the Candida epoxidases and showed apparently non-competitive kinetics with respect to the substrate @entity24288 . The Ki values for naftifine and compound @entity8974 in the @entity5132 system were 1.1 microM and 0.03 microM respectively. The @entity7409 enzyme was slightly more sensitive to inhibition. Varying the concentrations of cofactors or the soluble cytoplasmic fraction (S200) had no effect on the inhibition. The epoxidase from @entity35 liver was much less sensitive (Ki for compound @entity8974 was 77 microM). The inhibition was also qualitatively different from that in Candida, being competitive with respect to @entity24288 and also with respect to the S200 fraction. S200 fraction derived from @entity5132 also antagonized the inhibition of the epoxidase from liver, but the liver S200 fraction did not affect inhibition of the Candida enzyme by compound @entity8974 . There was no evidence for an irreversible or mechanism-based inhibition of either the fungal or the @entity1 epoxidase. The selective inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase was sufficient to account for the known antimycotic action of the compounds.

title: Inhibition of XXXX epoxidase by @entity4974 antimycotic compounds. A comparative study of the fungal and @entity1 enzymes.

answer: @entity24288 :: (MESH:D013185,Chemical) :: ['squalene']


abstract: The inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase by the @entity4974 antimycotic agents naftifine and compound @entity8974 was investigated, with particulate enzyme preparations from the pathogenic @entity375 @entity5132 and @entity7409 and from @entity35 liver. Both naftifine and compound @entity8974 were potent inhibitors of the Candida epoxidases and showed apparently non-competitive kinetics with respect to the substrate @entity24288 . The Ki values for naftifine and compound @entity8974 in the @entity5132 system were 1.1 microM and 0.03 microM respectively. The @entity7409 enzyme was slightly more sensitive to inhibition. Varying the concentrations of cofactors or the soluble cytoplasmic fraction (S200) had no effect on the inhibition. The epoxidase from @entity35 liver was much less sensitive (Ki for compound @entity8974 was 77 microM). The inhibition was also qualitatively different from that in Candida, being competitive with respect to @entity24288 and also with respect to the S200 fraction. S200 fraction derived from @entity5132 also antagonized the inhibition of the epoxidase from liver, but the liver S200 fraction did not affect inhibition of the Candida enzyme by compound @entity8974 . There was no evidence for an irreversible or mechanism-based inhibition of either the fungal or the @entity1 epoxidase. The selective inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase was sufficient to account for the known antimycotic action of the compounds.

title: Inhibition of @entity24288 epoxidase by @entity4974 antimycotic compounds. A comparative study of the fungal and XXXX enzymes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: One hundred and two @entity1 with @entity1067 were treated by transurethral radio-frequency thermotherapy (TURT) device (Thermex-II, Direx, Israel) with 47.5 degrees C in single session for 2 hours and 30 minutes from November 1992 to October 1993. Among them, 83 @entity1 , who were followed up for more than 3 months were included in this study. Twenty-seven (32.5%) @entity1 had a history of acute retention. Pretreated values of the mean Madsen-Iversen symptom score, maximum urine flow rate, postvoiding residual urine volume, prostate volume and @entity1486 (PSA) were 15.4, 6.5 ml/sec, 61.3ml, 43.2ml and 0.77 ng/ml respectively. Madsen-Iversen symptom score, maximum urine flow rate were measured at 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after TURT. The residual urine volume, prostate volume and PSA level were measured at 3 and 6 months after TURT. During the follow up, the symptom score started to decrease significantly at 1 month (9.9, p < 0.01) after TURT, and gradually decreased up to 6.9 at 3 months. The maximum flow rate showed initial significant improvement at 2 weeks (8.1 ml/sec., p < 0.01), but no significant interval change was observed thereafter. The residual volume decreased significantly at 3 months (41.3 ml, p < 0.01) and no decrement was noted until 6 months. Neither the prostate volume nor PSA value changed significantly at 3 or 6 months after TURT. The improvement, which was defined as a change of 50% or more in at least one of subjective or objective symptoms showed in 63.9% (53/83) at 3 months and 57.1% (32/56) at 6 months. Both subjective and objective improvements at 3 and 6 months after treatment showed in 24.1% and 19.6%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment response with transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: Low dose pulse @entity1500 was associated with the development of @entity3043 in six @entity1 with @entity309 . Two @entity1 died. Factors implicated in the occurrence of this complication were @entity8 in five @entity1 , medication errors by two @entity1 , preexisting @entity236 from occult alcoholism in one @entity1 , and an apparent idiosyncratic reaction to the drug in another. Medication errors were associated with the use of five or more medications, and the unusual schedule of administration of low dose @entity1500 may also have been contributory. From a consideration of the clinical pharmacokinetics of @entity1500 , we suggest other factors that may predispose to the occurrence of @entity236 : the presence of @entity4988 , interactions between @entity1500 and other protein bound or weakly acidic drugs, and the repetitive dosing schedule of low dose @entity1500 . Based on our experience, @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity1011 greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL) should not receive @entity1500 . Renal function should be monitored regularly during treatment with @entity1500 , and blood counts should be observed carefully if a new drug is added or substituted. A 5 mg test dose of @entity1500 before initiating weekly therapy may identify @entity1 with severe @entity56 to the drug. The potential risks of using @entity1500 in a @entity1 unwilling to accept blood products should be acknowledged and discussed with the @entity1 . Furthermore, we recommend the use of leucovorin if @entity3043 occurs, even if low or undetectable serum levels of @entity1500 are present.

title: XXXX associated with low dose pulse methotrexate in the treatment of @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow toxicity', 'marrow injury']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity3043 :: (MESH:D010198,Disease) :: ['Pancytopenia']


abstract: Low dose pulse @entity1500 was associated with the development of @entity3043 in six @entity1 with @entity309 . Two @entity1 died. Factors implicated in the occurrence of this complication were @entity8 in five @entity1 , medication errors by two @entity1 , preexisting @entity236 from occult alcoholism in one @entity1 , and an apparent idiosyncratic reaction to the drug in another. Medication errors were associated with the use of five or more medications, and the unusual schedule of administration of low dose @entity1500 may also have been contributory. From a consideration of the clinical pharmacokinetics of @entity1500 , we suggest other factors that may predispose to the occurrence of @entity236 : the presence of @entity4988 , interactions between @entity1500 and other protein bound or weakly acidic drugs, and the repetitive dosing schedule of low dose @entity1500 . Based on our experience, @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity1011 greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL) should not receive @entity1500 . Renal function should be monitored regularly during treatment with @entity1500 , and blood counts should be observed carefully if a new drug is added or substituted. A 5 mg test dose of @entity1500 before initiating weekly therapy may identify @entity1 with severe @entity56 to the drug. The potential risks of using @entity1500 in a @entity1 unwilling to accept blood products should be acknowledged and discussed with the @entity1 . Furthermore, we recommend the use of leucovorin if @entity3043 occurs, even if low or undetectable serum levels of @entity1500 are present.

title: @entity3043 associated with low dose pulse methotrexate in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to chemotherapy is common in bulky @entity5 such as @entity43 . Hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) oxygenates hypoxic tissues and promotes @entity2295 . These unique properties of HBO may help overcome chemotherapy resistance by increasing both @entity5 perfusion and cellular sensitivity. This study was undertaken to determine if HBO increases the response of @entity43 to @entity900 chemotherapy. METHODS: In Phase I, 64 nu/nu @entity19 were divided into four groups and subcutaneously inoculated with cells from the A2780 @entity1 @entity43 cell line. Group 1 served as controls. Group 2 received weekly intraperitoneal @entity900 (3.15 mg/kg). Group 3 was exposed to HBO (dives) at 2.4 atmospheres absolute pressure for 90 minutes, 7 days a week. Group 4 received both @entity900 and HBO. In Phase II, 72 @entity19 were divided into two groups and similarly inoculated. Both groups received weekly intraperitoneal @entity900 (2.5 mg/kg). Group 1 was not exposed to HBO. Group 2 was exposed to HBO for 5 days a week. RESULTS: @entity5 was found in @entity5 of @entity19 exposed to HBO (P = 0.0001). There was significant (P = 0.014) @entity851 in Phase I for @entity19 receiving both @entity900 and HBO compared with those treated with @entity900 alone. This significance was noted after just two doses of @entity900 but subsequently lost due to reduced numbers of @entity19 . In Phase II, @entity2295 was detectable after 10 HBO treatments (2 weeks) and was maximal after 15 treatments (3 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric @entity26 increases vascularity in @entity5 such as @entity43 . There appears to be a relationship between increased vascularity and enhanced response to chemotherapy that merits further investigation.

title: Evaluation of hyperbaric XXXX as a chemosensitizer in the treatment of @entity43 in xenografts in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['tumor growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Dramatic tumor neovascularization', 'bulky tumors', 'hypoxic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to chemotherapy is common in bulky @entity5 such as @entity43 . Hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) oxygenates hypoxic tissues and promotes @entity2295 . These unique properties of HBO may help overcome chemotherapy resistance by increasing both @entity5 perfusion and cellular sensitivity. This study was undertaken to determine if HBO increases the response of @entity43 to @entity900 chemotherapy. METHODS: In Phase I, 64 nu/nu @entity19 were divided into four groups and subcutaneously inoculated with cells from the A2780 @entity1 @entity43 cell line. Group 1 served as controls. Group 2 received weekly intraperitoneal @entity900 (3.15 mg/kg). Group 3 was exposed to HBO (dives) at 2.4 atmospheres absolute pressure for 90 minutes, 7 days a week. Group 4 received both @entity900 and HBO. In Phase II, 72 @entity19 were divided into two groups and similarly inoculated. Both groups received weekly intraperitoneal @entity900 (2.5 mg/kg). Group 1 was not exposed to HBO. Group 2 was exposed to HBO for 5 days a week. RESULTS: @entity5 was found in @entity5 of @entity19 exposed to HBO (P = 0.0001). There was significant (P = 0.014) @entity851 in Phase I for @entity19 receiving both @entity900 and HBO compared with those treated with @entity900 alone. This significance was noted after just two doses of @entity900 but subsequently lost due to reduced numbers of @entity19 . In Phase II, @entity2295 was detectable after 10 HBO treatments (2 weeks) and was maximal after 15 treatments (3 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric @entity26 increases vascularity in @entity5 such as @entity43 . There appears to be a relationship between increased vascularity and enhanced response to chemotherapy that merits further investigation.

title: Evaluation of hyperbaric @entity26 as a chemosensitizer in the treatment of XXXX in xenografts in @entity19 .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to chemotherapy is common in bulky @entity5 such as @entity43 . Hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) oxygenates hypoxic tissues and promotes @entity2295 . These unique properties of HBO may help overcome chemotherapy resistance by increasing both @entity5 perfusion and cellular sensitivity. This study was undertaken to determine if HBO increases the response of @entity43 to @entity900 chemotherapy. METHODS: In Phase I, 64 nu/nu @entity19 were divided into four groups and subcutaneously inoculated with cells from the A2780 @entity1 @entity43 cell line. Group 1 served as controls. Group 2 received weekly intraperitoneal @entity900 (3.15 mg/kg). Group 3 was exposed to HBO (dives) at 2.4 atmospheres absolute pressure for 90 minutes, 7 days a week. Group 4 received both @entity900 and HBO. In Phase II, 72 @entity19 were divided into two groups and similarly inoculated. Both groups received weekly intraperitoneal @entity900 (2.5 mg/kg). Group 1 was not exposed to HBO. Group 2 was exposed to HBO for 5 days a week. RESULTS: @entity5 was found in @entity5 of @entity19 exposed to HBO (P = 0.0001). There was significant (P = 0.014) @entity851 in Phase I for @entity19 receiving both @entity900 and HBO compared with those treated with @entity900 alone. This significance was noted after just two doses of @entity900 but subsequently lost due to reduced numbers of @entity19 . In Phase II, @entity2295 was detectable after 10 HBO treatments (2 weeks) and was maximal after 15 treatments (3 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric @entity26 increases vascularity in @entity5 such as @entity43 . There appears to be a relationship between increased vascularity and enhanced response to chemotherapy that merits further investigation.

title: Evaluation of hyperbaric @entity26 as a chemosensitizer in the treatment of @entity43 in xenografts in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Representative conditional @entity375 secretory mutants, blocked in transport of secretory and plasma membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (sec 18), from the Golgi body ( @entity57331 ) and in transport of secretory vesicles (sec 1), accumulated exoglucanase, a constitutive @entity375 activity, when incubated at the restrictive temperature (37 degrees C). Different proportions of the accumulated activity were released by mutant cells under permissive conditions. The presence or absence of @entity1880 during the secretion period made no differences in the results. More than 90% of the internal activity was bound to membrane in wild type cells. However, only the soluble pool underwent changes during the accumulation or secretion periods. The bulk of secretory invertase accumulated by sec 1 was also soluble. By contrast @entity57331 and sec 18 accumulated membrane-bound as well as soluble invertase forms and both were secreted in similar proportions in each mutant. More than 90% of the accumulated invertase was secreted at the permissive temperature in sec 18 cells. That percentage was significantly lower for exoglucanase (less than 65%). Concomitantly, invertase accumulated by this mutant exited from the cells with a lower half time (t1/2 = 24 min) than accumulated exoglucanase (t1/2 = 150 min). These results may be interpreted assuming that exoglucanase is exported by a passive flow of the soluble pool.

title: Accumulation and secretion of exoglucanase activity in XXXX secretory mutants.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity63 @entity64 are associated with poor outcomes and high health care burden. Evidence exists evaluating the use of neurothrombectomy devices in @entity1 receiving currently recommended treatments that may have limited efficacy. PURPOSE: To describe the state of the evidence supporting use of neurothrombectomy devices in the treatment of acute @entity385 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science were searched, without language restrictions, from their inception through May 2010. The MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials searches were updated through November 2010. STUDY SELECTION: Two independent investigators screened citations for @entity1 studies of any design or case series or case reports of @entity1 with an acute @entity385 that evaluated a neurothrombectomy device and reported at least 1 clinical effectiveness outcome or harm. DATA EXTRACTION: Using standardized protocols, 2 independent investigators extracted information about study characteristics and outcomes, and a third reviewer resolved disagreement. DATA SYNTHESIS: 87 articles met eligibility criteria, including 18 prospective single-group studies, 7 noncomparative retrospective studies, and 62 case series or case reports. Two U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared devices, the MERCI Retriever (Concentric Medical, Mountain View, California) (40%) and the Penumbra System (Penumbra, Alameda, California) (9%), represented a large portion of the available data. All prospective and retrospective studies provided data on successful recanalization with widely varying rates (43% to 78% with the MERCI Retriever and 83% to 100% with the Penumbra System). Rates of harms, including symptomatic (16 studies; 0% to 10% with the MERCI Retriever and 0% to 11% with the Penumbra System) or asymptomatic (13 studies; 28% to 43% and 1% to 30%, respectively) @entity932 and vessel perforation or dissection (11 studies; 0% to 7% and 0% to 5%, respectively), also varied by device. Predictors of harm included older age, history of @entity64 , and higher baseline @entity64 severity scores, whereas successful recanalization was the sole predictor of good outcomes. LIMITATIONS: Most available data are from single-group, noncomparative studies. In addition, the @entity1 population most likely to benefit from these devices is undetermined. CONCLUSION: Currently available neurothrombectomy devices offer intriguing treatment options in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . Future trials should use a randomized design, with adequate power to show equivalency or noninferiority between competing strategies or devices, and strive to identify populations that are most likely to benefit from use of neurothrombectomy devices. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Neurothrombectomy devices for the treatment of acute XXXX : state of the evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate acute and delayed laser effects of subdermal lipolysis and collagen deposition using an in vivo @entity1707 model and to compare histologic findings in fatty tissue after continuous wave diode (CW) vs pulsed laser treatment. METHODS: Three CW lasers (980, 1370, and 1470 nm) and 3 pulsed lasers (1064, 1320, and 1440 nm) were used to treat 4 G  ttingen minipigs. Following administration of Klein tumescent solution, a laser cannula was inserted at the top of a 10 * 2.5-cm rectangle and was passed subdermally to create separate laser "tunnels." Temperatures at the surface and at intervals of 4-mm to 20-mm depths were recorded immediately after exposure and were correlated with @entity272 . Full-thickness cutaneous biopsy specimens were obtained at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after exposure and were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and trichrome stain. Qualitative and semiquantitative histopathologic evaluations were performed with attention to @entity1504 , lipolysis, and collagen deposition. RESULTS: Skin surface damage occurred at temperatures exceeding 46  C. Histologic examination at 1 day after exposure showed @entity548 , fibrous collagen fiber coagulation, and adipocyte damage. Adipocytes surrounded by histiocytes, a marker of lipolysis, were present at 1 week and 1 month after exposure. Collagen deposition in subdermal fatty tissue and in @entity2363 of some specimens was noted at 1 week and had increased at 1 month. Tissue treated with CW laser at 1470 nm demonstrated greater @entity548 and more histiocytes at damage sites than tissue treated with pulsed laser at 1440 nm. There was a trend toward more collagen deposition with pulsed lasers than with CW lasers, but this was not statistically significant. Histopathologic comparison between results of CW laser at 980 nm vs pulsed laser at 1064 nm showed the same trend. @entity548 differences may result from pulse duration variations. A theoretical calculation estimating temperature rise in vessels supported this hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: Pulsed lasers with higher peak powers provided better hemostatic effects than CW lasers. The degree of lipolysis depended on wavelength, laser power, and energy density. Subdermal laser irradiation can stimulate collagen deposition in subdermal tissue and @entity2363 .

title: Histologic evaluation of laser lipolysis comparing continuous wave vs pulsed lasers in an in vivo XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injury']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['reticular dermis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been reported that the association between nodal spread and @entity5 size was disrupted in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and it showed characteristically early relapse. The TNM ( @entity5 -node-metastasis) staging system might not be equally effective as a prognostic indicator for all subtypes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the staging according to subtypes. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of invasive @entity0 @entity1 who received curative surgery at Samsung Medical Center from 2000 to 2004. @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) by stage were analyzed. RESULTS: Thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 who were available clinicopathologic data were included. These @entity1 were divided into three subtypes: hormone receptor (HR)+, @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2+, and triple negative groups. As the stage became more advanced, the slope of each stage of the @entity4557 curves of @entity1 with HR+ and @entity1722 + steadily increased. In contrast, @entity4557 curves intermingled and showed overlap from stage 1 to 3A in @entity0 @entity1 . There was only wide separation of @entity4557 curves between stage 1-3A and 3B-3C in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The current TNM staging system might not be enough for encompassing the @entity5 biology and for predicting outcomes to make therapeutic decisions for all BCs, especially for @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Clinical relevance of TNM staging system according to XXXX subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['Relapse-free survivals', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A cross-sectional survey was made of the 25 @entity1 and 127 @entity1 attending a hospital @entity28 clinic over a period of 6 weeks. Among the @entity1 the mean (+/- s.d.) age was 37 (+/- 14) years, weight 115.2 (+/- 25.4) kg, height 1.70 (+/- 0.09) m, and Quetelet's index 39.6 (+/- 6.4) kg/m2. Among the @entity1 the corresponding values were 41 (+/- 15) years, 102.2 (+/- 22.3) kg, 1.60 (+/- 0.07) m, and 40.3 (+/- 9.2) kg/m2. The most common reasons for wishing to lose weight among both @entity1 and @entity1 was to improve appearance, @entity158 in @entity353 . About one-third of the @entity1 tested had raised fasting plasma @entity412 levels. Only one had tests indicating @entity1375 , and two were @entity1378 . None of these characteristics predicted how long the @entity1 would continue to attend the clinic. Weight loss was calculated according to the duration of attendance at the clinic, and the method of treatment. Two @entity1 and 15 @entity1 were treated by jaw-wiring, and the remainder by dietary advice alone. No anorectic or thermogenic drugs were used. Among @entity1 treated by diet alone the mean weight loss after 1-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-12 months and greater than or equal to 13 months attendance was 5.0 +/- 6.2 kg, 12.4 +/- 11.0 kg, 12.4 +/- 10.2 kg and 13.0 +/- 5.2 kg respectively. Two @entity1 treated by jaw-wiring had lost 23.9 and 57.9 kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A cross-sectional cost/benefit audit in a hospital XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight-bearing joints']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath and pain']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The management of anal canal @entity189 has evolved over the last decade, with the combination of radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) offering a definitive alternative to surgery or RT alone. Twenty-two @entity1 with basaloid/cloacogenic/ @entity957 of the anal (13 with @entity75 ), were treated with @entity7158 (30.00 to 45.00 Gy in 3 1/2 to 5 weeks) and CT X 2 courses ( @entity1138 15 mg/m2 I.V. bolus + 96 hours 5FU infusion). This regimen differed from the conventional Nigro regimen in that higher doses of RT and 2 courses of @entity1138 were used and both CT courses were given synchronously with RT. Three @entity1 with @entity66 were salvaged with an additional course of CT and local RT, without surgery. Acute side effects including perineal @entity1909 , @entity294 , @entity1431 , and @entity882 were reversible or transient. Twenty @entity1 are alive and free of disease 17 to 62 months (median 45 months) following initiation of treatment. Two @entity1 died at 7 months without evidence of disease at autopsy. These results compare favorably with other series employing RT alone, AP resection alone, and to those employing similar CT-RT regimens as well, in terms of disease-free survival rate (100%), complete response rate (19/22 or 86%), salvage rate without surgery (3/3), and acceptable morbidity. These results may be attributed to an optimal balance of RT and CT doses and refinements in RT technique which are detailed in our report.

title: Feasibility of non-surgical definitive management of anal canal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous RT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical features, histopathological findings, and management of eyes presenting with a thick membrane after anterior stromal puncture (ASP) for @entity2372 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: Retrospective chart analysis of 3 eyes presenting with a thick membrane between 12-30 months after ASP was done. @entity1 presented with complaints of recurrent symptoms of @entity158 , watering, and @entity146 . The membrane was peeled off from the corneal surface in the operation room and sent for histopathological evaluation. A cryopreserved amniotic membrane was secured on the corneal surface using 10-0 nylon interrupted sutures. RESULTS: @entity1 reported alleviation of symptoms after the procedure and remained asymptomatic at the final follow-up (range 6-12 months). Histopathological evaluation of the excised membrane revealed the presence of a hyperplastic epithelium with loose fibrocollagenous tissue suggestive of subepithelial @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: Subepithelial @entity82 after ASP, although a known entity, may rarely present as a thick membrane because of exaggerated response resulting in the recurrence of symptoms. This can be successfully managed by superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane transplant.

title: Exaggerated subepithelial XXXX after anterior stromal puncture presenting as a membrane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['bullous keratopathy']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reversible @entity1887 frequently has been diagnosed in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity295 who have either low basal @entity701 levels or low @entity701 responses to @entity4545 (ACTH) stimulation. It is generally accepted that a phenomenon called "endotoxin tolerance" contributes to immunosuppression during @entity295 . The present study was to investigate whether endotoxin tolerance occurs in the adrenal gland, leading to @entity6306 of adrenal gland during @entity295 . DESIGN: Controlled laboratory experiment. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 200-250 g and primary isolated adrenal @entity12288 cells. INTERVENTIONS: @entity35 received intra-arterial injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg) through indwelling femoral arterial catheters, and 24 hrs later the adrenocortical sensitivity to exogenous ACTH (10 ng/kg) was detected. Primary @entity12288 cells were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide at 0.1-100 ng/mL or with ACTH at 0.01-10 ng/mL and then challenged, in fresh media, with 1  g/mL lipopolysaccharide or 10 ng/mL ACTH. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity7942 was expressed in adrenal gland and primary @entity12288 cells. Plasma @entity2819 response to ACTH was decreased in @entity35 receiving preinjection of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment caused a significant decrease in @entity2819 production in response to subsequent ACTH and lipopolysaccharide stimulation in primary @entity12288 cells. @entity17296 pretreatment inhibited ACTH- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of @entity134 metabolizing enzymes. Lipopolysaccharide significantly decreased @entity7942 and ACTH receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-exposure to lipopolysaccharide resulted in @entity6306 to ACTH stimulation in @entity35 . In vitro, @entity17296 pretreatment impaired @entity2819 production of @entity12288 cells in response to ACTH and lipopolysaccharide, which was associated with decreased expression of synthetic enzymes required for @entity2819 production. Our results indicate that endotoxin tolerance of adrenal gland is one of the mechanisms for @entity5343 during @entity295 .

title: Endotoxin tolerance of adrenal gland: attenuation of XXXX production in response to lipopolysaccharide and @entity4545 .

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity17296 :: ('CHEBI:16412', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipopolysaccharide', 'lipopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculata-reticularis']

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reversible @entity1887 frequently has been diagnosed in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity295 who have either low basal @entity701 levels or low @entity701 responses to @entity4545 (ACTH) stimulation. It is generally accepted that a phenomenon called "endotoxin tolerance" contributes to immunosuppression during @entity295 . The present study was to investigate whether endotoxin tolerance occurs in the adrenal gland, leading to @entity6306 of adrenal gland during @entity295 . DESIGN: Controlled laboratory experiment. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 200-250 g and primary isolated adrenal @entity12288 cells. INTERVENTIONS: @entity35 received intra-arterial injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg) through indwelling femoral arterial catheters, and 24 hrs later the adrenocortical sensitivity to exogenous ACTH (10 ng/kg) was detected. Primary @entity12288 cells were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide at 0.1-100 ng/mL or with ACTH at 0.01-10 ng/mL and then challenged, in fresh media, with 1  g/mL lipopolysaccharide or 10 ng/mL ACTH. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity7942 was expressed in adrenal gland and primary @entity12288 cells. Plasma @entity2819 response to ACTH was decreased in @entity35 receiving preinjection of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment caused a significant decrease in @entity2819 production in response to subsequent ACTH and lipopolysaccharide stimulation in primary @entity12288 cells. @entity17296 pretreatment inhibited ACTH- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of @entity134 metabolizing enzymes. Lipopolysaccharide significantly decreased @entity7942 and ACTH receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-exposure to lipopolysaccharide resulted in @entity6306 to ACTH stimulation in @entity35 . In vitro, @entity17296 pretreatment impaired @entity2819 production of @entity12288 cells in response to ACTH and lipopolysaccharide, which was associated with decreased expression of synthetic enzymes required for @entity2819 production. Our results indicate that endotoxin tolerance of adrenal gland is one of the mechanisms for @entity5343 during @entity295 .

title: Endotoxin tolerance of adrenal gland: attenuation of @entity2819 production in response to lipopolysaccharide and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4545 :: (5443,Gene) :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case series. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the use of @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) in treatment and prevention of exposed vertical expandable prosthetic @entity702 rib (VEPTR) implants. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In the pediatric population with severe @entity3792 , VEPTR is an effective tool during growth for the correction of @entity85 . Prolonged VEPTR therapy can result in wound breakdown, implant exposure, and @entity281 . Treatment includes the use of prolonged antibiotics, @entity121 , and, when salvage fails, removal of the VEPTR. The use of @entity7674 in the treatment and prevention of VEPTR exposure has not been previously described. METHODS: Between January 2002 and January 2010, eight @entity1 who underwent placement of @entity7674 for the treatment and prevention of exposed VEPTR devices were identified. Their records were reviewed for diagnosis, sex, age of @entity1 at initial VEPTR placement, position of VEPTR placement, number of VEPTR expansions, wound complications, @entity7674 use, adjunct procedures, and length of wound follow-up. RESULTS: @entity7674 was used in eight @entity1 . In five @entity1 @entity7674 was used for compromised soft tissue overlying the VEPTR and threatened exposure of the hardware. In these cases, subsequent expansions occurred without incident and the wound remained stable with an average follow-up of 7.6 months. In three @entity1 , @entity7674 was used for exposed VEPTR hardware secondary to wound breakdown. Average follow-up was 3.3 months. In two of the three cases of exposed and contaminated hardware, stable soft tissue coverage was achieved and continued VEPTR therapy was achieved. One of the three cases of exposure involved infected and prominent hardware with purulence. This @entity1 failed to clear the @entity281 and required complete device removal. CONCLUSION: @entity7674 can treat and prevent exposed VEPTR, allowing subsequent VEPTR expansions and minimizing the need for muscle flap coverage and/or implant removal and replacement.

title: Acellular dermal matrix in the treatment and prevention of exposed vertical expandable prosthetic XXXX ribs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['acellular dermal matrix', 'ADM']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['ribcage deformity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational and physical program in reducing behavioral or somatic symptoms along with @entity10 , neck and shoulder @entity158 in a working community. A controlled, non-randomized trial was carried out in a working community and 384 employees were enrolled and divided into a study group (Group 1) and a control group (Group 2). The Group 1 received a physical and educational intervention, consisting of relaxation and posture exercises and the use of visual feedback. After 6  months, the intervention was administered to the Group 2. Both groups were then followed for an additional 6  months until the end of the trial. The presence of accompanying symptoms was investigated with a semi-structured interview using a checklist of 20 items, along with @entity10 , neck, and shoulder @entity158 parameters and the prevalence of generalized @entity148 and @entity308 , in three clinical examinations at baseline, after 6  months and after 12  months. For each symptom, as well as the presence of any type of symptom, the differences between groups in the prevalence at the clinical examinations following the baseline were evaluated by applying logistic models. After 6  months, the probability of the presence of any type of symptom was significantly lower in the Group 1 (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.85) with respect to the Group 2. After 12  months, the pooled estimation did not show any significant difference of symptom prevalence between groups (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-1.00). In conclusion, this is the first longitudinal study relative to accompanying symptoms. Its results suggest the effectiveness of this cognitive program in reducing the burden of physical and @entity146 complaints in a large, working population.

title: Effectiveness of an educational and physical program in reducing accompanying symptoms in subjects with XXXX : a workplace controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['head and neck pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Significant healthcare disparities exist between the developed world and low and middle income countries (LMIC), specifically in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. As a result, pacemaker reutilization has been proposed as a viable option for those in LMIC and no other means of obtaining a device. Little data exist regarding the feasibility of establishing a reuse program in addition to understanding the views of society on device reutilization. This study investigated the views of funeral directors, @entity1 with cardiac devices, and members of the general population regarding reutilization of previously implanted pacemakers. METHODS: Ninety funeral directors in Michigan were surveyed regarding current practice as well as preferences for post-mortem device disposal. One hundred and fourteen @entity1 with devices and 1,009 members of the general population were surveyed regarding post-mortem device handling. RESULTS: Funeral directors had an average of 21  years of experience with an annual volume of 120 deceased @entity1 per year, with a cremation rate of 35%. When asked about disposal methods of explanted devices, the majority of devices (84%) were discarded as medical waste or stored with no intended purpose, with a total of 171 devices currently in possession at the funeral homes. Eighty-nine percent of funeral directors expressed a desire to donate devices for reuse in LMIC and 10% acknowledged previous device donation. Eighty-seven percent of device @entity1 and 71% of the general population also expressed a desire to donate devices. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our survey show that a large percentage of funeral directors, @entity1 with implantable devices, and members of the general population support a pacemaker reutilization initiative. This study lends further evidence that collection of devices for reuse is feasible and that establishing a framework for regional pacemaker reutilization program is warranted. If successful, the feasibility of this model should be investigated in other parts of the country in order to alleviate the burden of untreated symptomatic @entity1168 in our world.

title: Societal views of pacemaker reutilization for those with untreated symptomatic XXXX in underserved nations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of childhood @entity981 has improved because of intensive chemotherapy and supportive care. The frequency of adverse events has also increased, but the data related to @entity149 during @entity981 treatment are sparse. The purpose of this study is to evaluate these complications and to determine their long term outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the hospital reports of 323 @entity1 with de novo @entity981 from a 13-year period for acute @entity16 . The @entity149 of @entity1778 , @entity1897 , and post-treatment late-onset @entity75 , and @entity149 were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 323 @entity1 (7.1%) suffered from @entity149 during @entity981 treatment. The majority of these complications (n = 13/23; 56.5%) developed during the induction period. The complications included posterior reversible @entity75 (n = 6), @entity364 (n = 5), @entity75 (n = 5), @entity6085 (n = 4), and @entity1499 @entity75 (n = 3). Three of these 23 @entity1 (13%) died of @entity149 , one from an intracranial @entity364 and the others from @entity5892 . Seven of the survivors (n = 7/20; 35%) became @entity302 and three of them had also developed @entity1032 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity149 are varied and require an urgent approach for proper diagnosis and treatment. Collaboration among the hematologist, radiologist, neurologist, microbiologist, and neurosurgeon is essential to prevent fatal outcome and serious morbidity.

title: Acute Central Nervous System Complications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental and motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular lesions', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive defects', 'central nervous system complications', 'Acute central neurological complications', 'acute central nervous system complications']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic involvement']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal abscess']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']


abstract: The present experiments were performed to determine the temporal pattern of expression of @entity842 synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity in cells and fibers in the lumbosacral spinal cord during early postnatal development and to examine the relationship between @entity1110 -diaphorase ( @entity1110 -d) activity and NOS-immunoreactivity (IR). At postnatal days 0-1 and 4-5, @entity1110 -d and NOS-IR were detected in L6-S1 segments of the spinal cord in cells and fibers in the region of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN), dorsal commissure and around the central canal but were absent in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn. Fiber staining on the lateral edge of the dorsal horn (the lateral collateral pathway, @entity2444 ) in a region containing primary afferent projections from the pelvic viscera and in a fiber tract in the dorsolateral funiculus was also not detectable. At days 4-5 some stained cells were detected in the deeper laminae of the dorsal horn. At postnatal days 10-12 and 20-22, cells in the region of the SPN, around the central canal and in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn exhibited @entity1110 -d and NOS-IR. @entity1110 -d and NOS-IR fiber staining in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn and the dorsolateral funiculus was observed at postnatal days 10-12 and increased in staining intensity by postnatal days 20-22. @entity1110 -d fiber staining in the @entity2444 was not prominent at postnatal days 10-12; however, prominent fiber staining at this site did occur by postnatal days 20-22 and in adult animals. In postnatal days 20-22 and in adult animals @entity1110 -d activity and NOS-IR had a similar distribution except in the @entity2444 where @entity1110 -d stained fibers did not exhibit NOS-IR. These data indicate that @entity1110 -d and NOS-IR in the spinal cord exhibit marked changes during the early postnatal development. The changes in afferent projections in the @entity2444 may be related to maturation of visceral reflex pathways including micturition.

title: Ontogeny of XXXX synthase in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the neonatal rat.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is convincing evidence that @entity991 ( @entity991 ) recurs after deceased donor liver transplantation with an incidence of about 20% after 5 years. This review summarizes data regarding recurrent disease in the setting of live donor liver transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS: End-stage @entity409 secondary to @entity991 accounts for less than 3% of all live donor liver transplantations worldwide. Therefore, there are only few data regarding recurrent disease in this setting available, mainly from Japanese transplant centers. Based on these studies, however, only including a small number of @entity1 , recurrent disease was diagnosed in 25-67% of transplant recipients after a mean follow-up of 34 months following transplantation. @entity2803 in the early postoperative phase and biologically related donors were found to be statistically significant risk factors for disease recurrence. More than one third of @entity1 with recurrent disease either died or developed graft failure. SUMMARY: These data suggest that @entity1 with @entity991 undergoing live donor liver transplantation, especially with biologically related donors, may have a higher risk to develop recurrent disease compared with the deceased donor setting. However, this fact has to be interpreted with great caution, primarily due to the rather small number of @entity1 . Further studies analyzing pooled data of all transplant centers performing live donor liver transplantations are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Live donor liver transplantation for XXXX : is disease recurrence increased?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['Cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: Although considered a disease of the elderly, a subset of @entity1 with @entity2615 are young (<40 years). The goal of this study was to understand their characteristics and outcomes. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to extract @entity2615 cases (1990-2010). We modeled Kaplan-Meyer survival curves stratified by site of disease, and age of presentation. 2% (207 of 12345) of @entity2615 @entity1 are young. Sex distribution is comparable among the young (51% males, 49% females); males predominated (78%, 22%) in the older cohort. Frequency of @entity298 are similar in the young (47%, 48% respectively); @entity456 predominated in the old (90%, 9%). Cancer-directed surgeries are more frequent in the young. Regardless of histologic subtype, young @entity1 with pleural (11 vs. 8 months) and peritoneal (not reached vs. 10 months) @entity2615 had significantly improved overall survival. In multivariate analysis, younger age was an independent prognostic factor. Although rare, @entity2615 do occur in the young; their characteristics are distinct from those of older @entity1 . Further studies are needed to understand the interplay between genetic susceptibility and mineral fiber carcinogenesis in the pathogenesis of @entity2615 in the young.

title: Distinctive clinical characteristics of malignant mesothelioma in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and rotational stability of an injectable 1-piece hydrophilic acrylic toric intraocular lens (IOL). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Hillingdon Hospital, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: This study enrolled consecutive @entity1 who had 2.00 diopters (D) or more of preexisting corneal @entity940 . @entity1 had phacoemulsification with implantation of a T-flex 623T toric IOL through a 2.8 mm astigmatically neutral incision. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities (logMAR), refraction, keratometry, and the cylinder @entity2270 of the toric IOL were measured. RESULTS: Thirty-three eyes of 25 @entity1 were evaluated. The mean preoperative refractive @entity940 was 3.35 D    1.20 (SD) and the mean keratometric @entity940 , 3.98    1.89 D, respectively. Four months postoperatively, the mean UDVA was 0.28    0.23 D logMAR, improving to 0.19    0.23 D logMAR CDVA. The mean refractive @entity940 was 0.95 D    0.66 D; vector analysis using the Holladay-Cravy-Koch method showed that the mean reduction in refractive @entity940 was 2.94    0.89 D. The mean difference between the intended and the actual final IOL cylinder @entity2270 was 3.44 degrees (range 0 to 12). CONCLUSIONS: The toric IOL reduced visually significant keratometric @entity940 and increased spectacle independence after @entity231 surgery. There were no cases of significant @entity717 in the capsular bag 4 months postoperatively.

title: Injectable 1-piece hydrophilic acrylic toric intraocular lens for XXXX surgery: efficacy and stability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['IOL rotation']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Mechanisms of anaesthetics still remain unclear. However, various attempts have been made to elucidate the effects of anaesthetics at the molecular level. The nicotinic @entity934 receptor has proved to be a good model of membrane-bound ligand-gated ion channels. It is available in abundance from Torpedo electroplaques, thus enabling multiple experimental approaches. The receptor exists in different states: the resting state, the open state and the desensitized state, amongst others. For each of these states, effects of general anaesthetics at the receptor molecule have been shown. Displacement studies show barbiturates to bind to a site on the resting state of the nicotinic @entity934 receptor; cation flux studies suggest @entity7353 may also bind to the same, or a similar, site on the open state of the receptor when inhibiting its function. Long-chain @entity4313 inhibit the open receptor, perhaps by binding to such a site or sites. However, short-chain @entity4313 do not inhibit and do not share this long-chain @entity167 binding site; instead they nonspecifically enhance the agonist's apparent affinity. All the @entity4313 also cause desensitization by a non-specific mechanism possibly involving perturbation of the lipid bilayer. Thus, general anaesthetics exert both specific and non-specific actions on the @entity934 receptor.

title: Molecular sites of general anaesthetic action on XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7353 :: ('MESH:D001463', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturates']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa (Sylvian cysts), represent the most common type of @entity932 . Among the 102 intracranial @entity145 operated on at the authors' institution from January 1970 to August 1986, the 77 cases (75%) located in the middle cranial fossa are reviewed. The higher incidence in the first two decades of life (51 cases) as well as the marked predilection for the male sex (60 cases) and the left hemisphere (55 cases) are confirmed in the authors' experience. As for clinical presentation @entity85 , symptoms of @entity428 and @entity302 constituted the most frequent features. In 13 @entity1 a complicating lesion was associated: subdural or intracystic haematomas in 7 cases, subdural @entity3609 in 4 cases and, extradural haematomas in 2 cases. Based on the appearance at CT scan and the results at CT cisternography the authors proposed a classification into three basic types of increasing severity and different pathophysiologic conditions. All the @entity1 underwent craniotomy, excision of the cyst walls and perforation into the basal cisterns. There was one postoperative death (mortality rate of 1.3%) due to @entity693 . The remaining clinical results were gratifying in all three types of lesion; on follow-up CT scans the cysts of type I. and II. exhibited a steady tendency to reduction or obliteration while cerebral reexpansion seemed less evident in the third, most severe, type. The authors compare and discuss the options of radical open surgery versus shunting procedures.

title: XXXX of the middle cranial fossa: experience with 77 cases treated surgically.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial leptomeningeal malformation']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts', 'Arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cranial deformities']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['Arachnoid cysts']


abstract: RNA editing in @entity3177 results in the addition and deletion of @entity6683 residues within several mitochondrial mRNAs. Editing is thought to be directed by guide RNAs and may proceed via a chimeric guide RNA/mRNA intermediate. We have previously shown that chimera-forming activity sediments with 19 S and 35-40 S mitochondrial ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). In this report we examine the involvement of RNA ligase in the production of chimeric molecules in vitro. Two adenylylated proteins of 50 and 57 kDa co-sediment on @entity653 gradients with RNA ligase activity as components of the ribonucleoprotein particles. The two adenylylated proteins differ in sequence and contain @entity860 linked via a @entity73238 bond. Both proteins are deadenylylated by the addition of ligatable RNA substrate with the concomitant release of @entity860 and by the addition of @entity9955 to yield @entity855 . Incubation with nonligatable RNA substrate results in an accumulation of the adenylylated RNA intermediate. These experiments identify the adenylylated proteins as RNA ligases. @entity860 release from the mitochondrial RNA ligase is also concomitant with chimera formation. Inhibition by nonhydrolyzable analogs indicates that both RNA ligase and chimera-forming activities require alpha-beta bond hydrolysis of @entity855 . Deadenylylation of the ligase inhibits chimera formation. These results strongly suggest the involvement of RNA ligase in in vitro chimera formation and support the cleavage-ligation mechanism for kinetoplastid RNA editing.

title: RNA ligase and its involvement in guide RNA/mRNA chimera formation. Evidence for a cleavage-ligation mechanism of XXXX mRNA editing.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity73238 :: ('CHEBI:27577', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoamide']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']