abstract: @entity33518 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of certain inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of @entity33518 also contributes to allergen-IgE-induced mast cell activation and vascular permeability. We investigated the role of @entity33518 in @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness using @entity36275 , a selective @entity33518 inhibitor, in a @entity19 @entity565 model. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway @entity1712 , mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of @entity8024 and @entity6580 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal administration of @entity36275 significantly (P<0.05) attenuated OVA-induced influx into lungs of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as levels of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , and @entity638 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity36275 also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and LTC(4) release into the airspace. Histological studies show that @entity36275 inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue @entity1712 , airway mucus production, and @entity32 score. In addition, @entity36275 significantly (P<0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled @entity2710 . Western blot analyses of whole lung tissue lysates shows that @entity36275 markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , @entity8024 , @entity6580 , @entity638 , and @entity639 . Furthermore, @entity36275 treatment markedly attenuated OVA-induced @entity563 phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of @entity33518 signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity32 .

title: Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness in @entity19 XXXX model.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity565 can be classified as eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic based on the cell profile of induced sputum. This classification can help determine whether @entity228 treatment is indicated. We assessed the stability of these phenotypes over time and with different treatment regimens. METHODS: Clinically stable, non-smoking, asthmatic adults were enrolled in one of two studies. In study one, induced sputum cell counts from 28 subjects were analysed after 4 weeks without @entity228 treatment and after 6 week treatments with placebo, regular inhaled beta-agonist, inhaled @entity228 , and combined beta-agonist and @entity228 . In study two, sputum from 26 subjects with @entity1712 was analysed after 12 weeks of placebo and after four 2-week @entity228 washouts. Sputum with <2% eosinophils was classified as non-eosinophilic. RESULTS: Sputum classification changed frequently in both studies. In study one, only one of eight @entity1 with non-eosinophilic sputum after placebo treatment remained non-eosinophilic throughout. In study two, all of @entity1 had at least one eosinophilic sputum sample, despite the fact that all had been non-eosinophilic at recruitment. @entity565 was uncommon in both studies and was also inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypic classification of asthma changes frequently. A diagnosis of @entity1712 should not be based on a single sputum sample.

title: XXXX phenotypes: consistency of classification using induced sputum.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['non-eosinophilic asthma']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Neutrophilic asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of routine intravenous pyelography (IVP), rectoscopy and additional imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) and abdominal ultrasonography (USG) for the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1204 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 97 @entity1 with @entity1204 (82 endometrioid and 15 non-endometrioid type) of all stages (Stage I = 65, II = 14, III = 13, IV = 5) were included in the study. Of these, 50 @entity1 were admitted because of @entity548 , 24 with irregular @entity3556 and 7 with @entity158 and leucorrhea, whereas the others had no complaints. Only one @entity1 had symptoms related to the gastrointestinal system, but none for the urinary system. Preoperative CT (n = 45), IVP (n = 78), rectoscopy (n = 46), and USG or colonoscopy (n = 37) were performed on our @entity1 . All the @entity1 had total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with/without pelvic (n = 81) and paraaortic (n = 34) lymphonodectomy, and omentectomy (n = 35). RESULTS: In 39 of 45 @entity1 who had CT, it had no effect on the operation and did not facilitate the operation. In two @entity1 there were pathological findings on CT and some interventions (resection and @entity254 ) were performed on the gastrointestinal tract in these @entity1 . However, CT had overcome pathological findings related with the gastrointestinal or urinary systems in four @entity1 , who needed interventions to these systems during the operation. CT was not performed on six @entity1 who needed interventions to the gastrointestinal system during the operations. Three @entity1 had pathological findings (fissure, external compression) in rectoscopy, but only one @entity1 had ileo-transverstomy, in which rectoscopic finding had not predicted the necessity of that procedure. Out of 78 IVP, the only finding was external compression to the bladder in 38 @entity1 , and this finding had no contribution to the operation. Among @entity1 who had USG or colonoscopy (n = 37) performed, five had pathological findings that contributed to the extensiveness or the mode of the operations (liver nodules, @entity1127 in the colon). CONCLUSIONS: Routine preoperative computed tomography, intravenous pyelography, rectoscopy or abdominal USG and colonoscopy have little impact on the decision and the prediction of the extensiveness of the operation.

title: Do routine preoperative imaging techniques facilitate the operation in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The Family Support Program was created to support @entity1 and parenting when one of the parents has incurable @entity5 . We chose a family-based approach to support parent's coping and to help families pull together, identify strengths in the family and learn how to seek help. BACKGROUND: @entity5 is usually a new experience for young families. In most cases, parents do not have the necessary knowledge about their @entity1 's need for information and support about their parent's serious illness and @entity204 . DESIGN: A qualitative evaluation study based on data collected through in-depth interviews focusing on parent's experiences with the Family Support Program. METHODS: @entity1 were @entity1 with incurable @entity5 and their partners and ex-partners with @entity1 aged between 5-18 years. Thirteen parents were in-depth interviewed. RESULTS: Parents described how the Family Support Program helped them gain greater insight into their @entity1 's thoughts and reactions and into how the situation affected their daily living. Parents reported that conflicts were reduced, they could talk more openly about the situation in the family and that they were shown how to support their @entity1 's coping. CONCLUSION: The Family Support Program met the parents in the study's needs for more information and support about how to cope with their @entity1 during the @entity1 's @entity221 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The Family Support Program is described in detail in a manual that makes it easy for other health workers to use the same programme. The Family Support program was in use in outpatient clinics, oncology wards and palliative care units and was provided both from nurses and social workers trained in @entity5 care. Parent's in the study would like the Family Support Program to be available to all @entity1 who receive the poor prognosis that their @entity5 cannot be cured.

title: Parents' experiences of a Family Support Program when a parent has incurable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['impending death']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve versus a @entity616 with a mixture of local anaesthetic and @entity134 in the management of refractory cervicogenic @entity10 . We enrolled 30 @entity1 suffering from refractory cervicogenic @entity10 . @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups of fifteen. A @entity616 with @entity134 was utilised in group A, while a pulsed radiofrequency treatment was employed in group B. Success of both procedures was evaluated by comparing pre and post intervention Visual Analogue Scale of @entity158 , Medication Quantification Scale - III. and Global Perceived Effect at three and 9 months after the procedures. At three months post therapy a significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale (p<0.001) was identified (3.2 points in group A, 3.3 points in group B respectively). In group B @entity158 remained reduced even after 9 months (p<0.001) when compared to pre treatment scores. The consumption of analgesic medication was reduced significantly in both groups at three months (p<0.001) and 9 months (p<0.01), respectively. No serious complication was noted. Greater occipital nerve block is a safe, efficient technique in the management of @entity12417 . Despite the lack of high quality scientific evidence (level III or IV) in the literature, we have extensive experience with @entity134 application and pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve and report the beneficial results in our study.

title: Pulsed radiofrequency therapy versus @entity616 in the management of refractory cervicogenic XXXX - a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['cervicogenic headaches']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['greater occipital nerve block']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve versus a @entity616 with a mixture of local anaesthetic and @entity134 in the management of refractory cervicogenic @entity10 . We enrolled 30 @entity1 suffering from refractory cervicogenic @entity10 . @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups of fifteen. A @entity616 with @entity134 was utilised in group A, while a pulsed radiofrequency treatment was employed in group B. Success of both procedures was evaluated by comparing pre and post intervention Visual Analogue Scale of @entity158 , Medication Quantification Scale - III. and Global Perceived Effect at three and 9 months after the procedures. At three months post therapy a significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale (p<0.001) was identified (3.2 points in group A, 3.3 points in group B respectively). In group B @entity158 remained reduced even after 9 months (p<0.001) when compared to pre treatment scores. The consumption of analgesic medication was reduced significantly in both groups at three months (p<0.001) and 9 months (p<0.01), respectively. No serious complication was noted. Greater occipital nerve block is a safe, efficient technique in the management of @entity12417 . Despite the lack of high quality scientific evidence (level III or IV) in the literature, we have extensive experience with @entity134 application and pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve and report the beneficial results in our study.

title: Pulsed radiofrequency therapy versus XXXX in the management of refractory cervicogenic @entity10 - a pilot study.

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['greater occipital nerve block']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most widely used method for measuring free @entity251 (FT) is by analog immunoassay (aFT); however, this assay has been criticized as unreliable based on laboratory studies in small groups of @entity1 . Calculated FT (cFT), derived from total @entity251 (TT) and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) values has been recommended in its place. There are limited data comparing aFT and cFT in clinical populations. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare aFT with cFT in a population of ambulatory @entity1 in a clinical setting. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for 100 randomly selected @entity1 in a urology practice, yielding 140 test results complete for TT, aFT, and @entity443 . Calculated FT was determined via an online calculator. Comparisons were made with @entity6632 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pearson rank correlation between aFT and cFT. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 52.3 +/- 14.3 years (range 24-80). Mean TT was 443.0 +/- 208.3 ng/dL (range 110-1276). Mean aFT was 1.22 +/- 0.54 ng/dL (range 0.24-3.8) and mean cFT 9.4 +/- 4.5 ng/dL (range 1.8-27.8). Mean @entity443 was 34.2 +/- 19.5 nmol/L (range 9-127). A strong correlation was observed for aFT and cFT (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), particularly at low concentrations. Significant correlations were also noted between aFT and TT (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001), and between cFT and TT (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001). Numerical values for aFT were approximately one-eighth of the values obtained for cFT. Neither aFT nor cFT correlated with @entity443 . CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation was observed between aFT and cFT in this clinical population of ambulatory @entity1 . Different sets of reference values must be applied for each of these tests.

title: Comparison of free XXXX results by analog radioimmunoassay and calculated free @entity251 in an ambulatory clinical population.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['Pearson rank coefficients']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['SHBG', 'sex-hormone binding globulin']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most widely used method for measuring free @entity251 (FT) is by analog immunoassay (aFT); however, this assay has been criticized as unreliable based on laboratory studies in small groups of @entity1 . Calculated FT (cFT), derived from total @entity251 (TT) and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) values has been recommended in its place. There are limited data comparing aFT and cFT in clinical populations. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare aFT with cFT in a population of ambulatory @entity1 in a clinical setting. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for 100 randomly selected @entity1 in a urology practice, yielding 140 test results complete for TT, aFT, and @entity443 . Calculated FT was determined via an online calculator. Comparisons were made with @entity6632 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pearson rank correlation between aFT and cFT. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 52.3 +/- 14.3 years (range 24-80). Mean TT was 443.0 +/- 208.3 ng/dL (range 110-1276). Mean aFT was 1.22 +/- 0.54 ng/dL (range 0.24-3.8) and mean cFT 9.4 +/- 4.5 ng/dL (range 1.8-27.8). Mean @entity443 was 34.2 +/- 19.5 nmol/L (range 9-127). A strong correlation was observed for aFT and cFT (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), particularly at low concentrations. Significant correlations were also noted between aFT and TT (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001), and between cFT and TT (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001). Numerical values for aFT were approximately one-eighth of the values obtained for cFT. Neither aFT nor cFT correlated with @entity443 . CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation was observed between aFT and cFT in this clinical population of ambulatory @entity1 . Different sets of reference values must be applied for each of these tests.

title: Comparison of free @entity251 results by analog radioimmunoassay and calculated free XXXX in an ambulatory clinical population.

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate various strategies aimed at improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: @entity1 initiated on ART at Muhimbili National Hospital @entity645 clinic were randomly assigned to either regular adherence counseling, regular counseling plus a calendar, or regular counseling and a treatment assistant. @entity1 were seen monthly; during these meetings self-reported adherence to treatment was recorded. Disease progression was monitored clinically and immunologically. RESULTS: Of the 621 @entity1 randomized, 312 received regular counseling only, 242 regular counseling and calendars, while 67 had treatment assistants in addition to regular counseling. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 14.5 (4.6) months. During follow-up 20 (3.2%) @entity1 died, and 102 (16.4%) were lost to follow-up; this was similar in all groups. In 94.8% of all visits, @entity1 reported to have adhered to treatment. In only 39 (0.7%) visits did @entity1 report a < or = 95% adherence. There were no differences in adherence (P = 0.573) or differences in @entity404 count and weight changes over time in the interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Good adherence to ART is possible in resource constrained countries. Persistent adherence counseling in clinic settings by itself may be effective in improving adherence to ART.

title: Enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy at the XXXX clinic in resource constrained countries; the Tanzanian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively analyze the association between changes in cognitive function and circulating anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) over a period of 5 years in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Cognitive function was assessed in 51 unselected female @entity1252 @entity1 at baseline and after a mean followup of 64.5 months (range 52-71 months), using standardized tests of cognitive function, i.e., the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the California Verbal Learning Test. Circulating IgG, IgA, and IgM aCL and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 4-7 occasions over the same time period. Persistent antibody reactivity was defined as levels more than 2 standard deviations (moderately positive) and more than 5 standard deviations (highly positive) above the mean for normal controls over the duration of the study. Changes in overall cognitive performance and in raw scores on individual cognitive tests were compared in @entity1 who were persistently positive or negative for aCL. RESULTS: At baseline 11 @entity1 (22%) were cognitively impaired, compared with 7 (14%) at followup. Between 16% and 37% of @entity1 had persistently elevated aCL levels of different isotypes. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of overall @entity73 in @entity1 who were persistently positive for aCL compared with those who were not. In contrast, over the period of study, @entity1 who had persistent IgG aCL positivity had a reduction in psychomotor speed, and @entity1 who had persistent IgA aCL positivity had a reduction in conceptual reasoning and executive ability. Similar associations with anti-dsDNA antibodies were not found. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IgG and IgA aCL may be responsible for long-term subtle deterioration in cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity1252 .

title: A prospective analysis of cognitive function and anticardiolipin antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between persistently raised anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) levels and neuropsychological performance in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity1252 underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment on 2 occasions 12-18 months apart. Serum samples stored since the time of previous assessments as well as samples obtained 6 months to 2 years before the first neuropsychological assessment were tested for IgG aCL levels. @entity1 were divided into 4 groups according to the number of times their aCL levels were elevated (never, once, twice, 3 times). A wide-ranging battery of new neuropsychological tests was utilized, and the results were compared with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels, C3 levels, and results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed that the group with persistently elevated aCL levels performed less well than the other groups. At the first neuropsychological assessment, poorer performance by this group was noted for letter cancellation (P = 0.02), trail making task B (P = 0.04), and digit span (P = 0.03). At the second assessment, letter cancellation (P = 0.01), trail making task A (P = 0.03), trail making task B (P = 0.01), word fluency (P = 0.01), and reaction time (P = 0.05) were impaired. In contrast, no significant differences in neuropsychological test results were identified with respect to DNA antibody or C3 levels. MRI abnormalities were associated with both persistent elevation of aCL levels and low C3 levels. CONCLUSION: Levels of IgG aCL that were persistently elevated over a 2-3-year period (as opposed to never or occasionally elevated) were associated with significantly poorer performance in cognitive function by @entity1 with @entity1252 . Tasks requiring speed of attention and concentration appear to be particularly affected.

title: A longitudinal study of anticardiolipin antibody levels and cognitive functioning in XXXX .

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the main type of primary @entity96 , and it develops from hepatocytes. The stroma of @entity157 is infiltrated by myofibroblasts. In other settings, such as @entity1575 , myofibroblasts are derived mainly from the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). In this study, we investigated whether tumoral hepatocytes were able to activate HSC. HSC were isolated from normal @entity35 and were plated in dishes coated with Matrigel, to prevent their spontaneous activation. HSC were exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from the @entity35 @entity157 lines Fao and H5. Tumor cell CM elicited major morphologic changes, such as spreading and generation of cytoplasmic processes. Fao and H5 CM increased HSC proliferation to 1.60 and 1.76 times control values, respectively. The expression of @entity1918 was low or undetectable in control cells and was markedly increased by both @entity5 cell CM but not by normal @entity35 hepatocyte CM. @entity10944 expression was also enhanced. @entity11017 secretion was significantly increased 1.20-fold by Fao CM and 1.55-fold by H5 CM. Expression of @entity13963 mRNA was increased 5.8-fold by H5 CM but was decreased to 13% of control levels by Fao CM. HSC activation by @entity5 cell CM was not prevented by urokinase or matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, suggesting that Matrigel degradation was not central to the activation process. Finally, a blocking antibody to @entity1810 did not impede Fao CM-induced activation but significantly blocked the increase in @entity11017 expression induced by H5 CM. Our results show that tumoral @entity35 hepatocyte CM is able to induce the activation of @entity35 HSC in culture. The lack of induction of @entity13963 mRNA by Fao CM indicates that, in some cases, @entity5 -induced activation differs from classic fibrosis-type activation. Our data thus suggest that HSC recruitment and activation in @entity157 could be under the control of @entity5 cells.

title: Activation of cultured XXXX hepatic stellate cells by tumoral hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity11017 :: ('81686(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Gelatinase A', 'matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13963 :: ('24629(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity13191 ( @entity13191 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity1 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity13191 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity6 . However, a protective role for @entity13191 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity13191 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity989 . Substitution of @entity13191 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity1 with early @entity6 . Therefore, injury of @entity989 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity2295 , but initiation of early @entity532 and @entity1103 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity2194 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity7 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity519 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity7 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity7 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity2295 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity989 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity1103 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity1103 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity7 agent and @entity288 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of XXXX ( @entity1103 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema', 'DME']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['injury in retinal pericytes', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity13191 :: ('57104', 'Gene') :: ['PEDF', 'Pigment epithelium-derived factor']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: @entity13191 ( @entity13191 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity1 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity13191 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity6 . However, a protective role for @entity13191 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity13191 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity989 . Substitution of @entity13191 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity1 with early @entity6 . Therefore, injury of @entity989 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity2295 , but initiation of early @entity532 and @entity1103 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity2194 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity7 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity519 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity7 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity7 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity2295 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity989 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity1103 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity1103 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity7 agent and @entity288 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity1103 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['DME']


abstract: @entity13191 ( @entity13191 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity1 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity13191 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity6 . However, a protective role for @entity13191 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity13191 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity989 . Substitution of @entity13191 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity1 with early @entity6 . Therefore, injury of @entity989 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity2295 , but initiation of early @entity532 and @entity1103 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity2194 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity7 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity519 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity7 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity7 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity2295 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity989 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity1103 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity1103 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity7 agent and @entity288 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the XXXX ( @entity989 ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity1103 ( @entity1103 )].

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal pigment epithelium']


abstract: @entity13191 ( @entity13191 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity1 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity13191 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity6 . However, a protective role for @entity13191 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity13191 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity989 . Substitution of @entity13191 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity1 with early @entity6 . Therefore, injury of @entity989 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity2295 , but initiation of early @entity532 and @entity1103 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity2194 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity7 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity519 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity7 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity7 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity2295 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity989 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity1103 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity1103 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity7 agent and @entity288 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the @entity989 ( XXXX ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity1103 ( @entity1103 )].

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['RPE']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5125 rarely causes @entity693 , but when it does the course can be severe and case fatality rates high. The article describes clinical and laboratory findings as well as treatment and outcome among @entity1 treated for @entity693 at the Department of @entity166 , Rigshospitalet from 1983-2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 records were reviewed for all adults with a diagnosis of @entity693 . RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 with a discharge diagnosis of @entity693 were identified; records for 36 of these were available. 61% were @entity1 and 72% were older than 50 years. 64% had underlying, predisposing illnesses or took immunosuppressant medication. At presentation, @entity1 had @entity221 , neck stiffness, @entity10 and/or change in mental status. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count was raised in all @entity1 , but the number and differential count of leukocytes in the CSF varied. @entity5125 was present in blood and/or CSF from all @entity1 . Treatment records were available for 35 @entity1 , all of whom received @entity869 . Four @entity1 died; they all had underlying diseases and three were older than 50 years. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the findings of other studies showing that @entity693 is more common in @entity1 with underlying conditions, immunosuppression or age above 50. The case fatality rate is lower than that found in other reports, which could be due to the selection of @entity1 . Listeriosis is an important differential diagnosis in predisposed individuals.

title: [ @entity693 at the Department of XXXX , Copenhagen University Hospital 1983-2006].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['listerial meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['Infectious Diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5125 rarely causes @entity693 , but when it does the course can be severe and case fatality rates high. The article describes clinical and laboratory findings as well as treatment and outcome among @entity1 treated for @entity693 at the Department of @entity166 , Rigshospitalet from 1983-2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 records were reviewed for all adults with a diagnosis of @entity693 . RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 with a discharge diagnosis of @entity693 were identified; records for 36 of these were available. 61% were @entity1 and 72% were older than 50 years. 64% had underlying, predisposing illnesses or took immunosuppressant medication. At presentation, @entity1 had @entity221 , neck stiffness, @entity10 and/or change in mental status. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count was raised in all @entity1 , but the number and differential count of leukocytes in the CSF varied. @entity5125 was present in blood and/or CSF from all @entity1 . Treatment records were available for 35 @entity1 , all of whom received @entity869 . Four @entity1 died; they all had underlying diseases and three were older than 50 years. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the findings of other studies showing that @entity693 is more common in @entity1 with underlying conditions, immunosuppression or age above 50. The case fatality rate is lower than that found in other reports, which could be due to the selection of @entity1 . Listeriosis is an important differential diagnosis in predisposed individuals.

title: [ XXXX at the Department of @entity166 , Copenhagen University Hospital 1983-2006].

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['Listerial meningitis']


abstract: Conditioned media of Kupffer cells from normal @entity35 liver produce in culture two factors that inhibit fibroblast proliferation. The inhibitory factors have molecular masses of approximately 25 and 5 kDa. In contrasts to these results, the conditioned media of Kupffer and mononuclear macrophagic cells, obtained 48 hours after CC1(4) administration to @entity35 , contains a 17 kDa @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ). @entity4059 also stimulates @entity665 incorporation into DNA of cultured @entity35 liver fat-storing cells. Two peaks with @entity4059 activity were demonstrated after isoelectrofocusing; one with a pI of 6.1 and a second with a pI of 7.5. The fraction containing @entity4059 is devoid of interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity and no inhibitory activity is detected in this conditioned media. Production of @entity4059 is inhibitable by @entity3812 but not by @entity3352 , it is thermolabile and trypsin-sensitive. In animals treated chronically with CC1(4) to produce @entity82 , @entity4059 activity is demonstrable from the first to the 8th week of treatment. However, the activity is lower at 8 weeks post-CC1(4) as compared with 2 weeks. The results suggest that homeostasis of cells in the liver is controlled by factors produced locally, that act by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. When homeostasis is altered, fibroblast proliferation occurs, and excess collagen deposition leads to @entity82 . We propose that the antifibrogenic activity of @entity3812 is associated, in part, with its capacity to inhibit the release of @entity4059 by Kupffer cells and liver mononuclear macrophage cells.

title: Kupffer cells from CC1(4)-treated XXXX livers induce skin fibroblast and liver fat-storing cell proliferation in culture.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['factor that stimulates fibroblast proliferation', 'FSF']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: To determine if T or Tk antigen activation is associated with different and more severe manifestations of illness in @entity1 with @entity1964 ( @entity1964 ); and if a policy of testing @entity1 with suspected @entity295 or @entity1964 for T and Tk antigen activation is effective. METHODS: A case-control study of @entity1 with confirmed @entity1964 , born after the introduction of screening, was undertaken:17 activated @entity1 were compared with 28 non-activated controls, matched for gestation and weight. A historical control study compared the outcome of @entity1 before and after the introduction of testing. RESULTS: Of 201 @entity1 with confirmed @entity1964 , 27 were T or Tk antigen activated-10 (9%) before and 17 (19%) after the introduction of testing. T or Tk antigen activated @entity1 had a significantly higher mortality (35% vs 7%); more frequent (71% vs 21%) and severe haemolysis, hyperkalaemia, @entity8 , @entity520 ; and they received more colloid for resuscitation. While only known activated @entity1 in both time periods were managed with the use of low titre T antibody blood products, there was a significant increase in mortality (odds ratios 2.6; 95% CI 1.2, 5.6) and incidence of surgery (OR 2.7; 1.5, 4.9) after the introduction of testing. The increased mortality (OR 2.6; 0.8, 5.2) and incidence of surgery (OR 1.8; 0.9, 3.7) were no longer significant after adjustment for several perinatal risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In a retrospective case-control study, routine testing of at risk @entity1 increased the detection rate of T and Tk antigen activation. The use of low titre T plasma products in these @entity1 did not reduce mortality compared with historical controls. A randomised controlled trial of testing in at risk @entity1 , or of the use of low titre T plasma products in babies with @entity1964 and T activation, is warranted.

title: T and Tk antigen activation in XXXX : manifestations, severity of illness, and effectiveness of testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis', 'NEC']

answer: @entity1964 :: (MESH:D004760,Disease) :: ['necrotising enterocolitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the short- and long-term effects of slow maxillary expansion with @entity40393 , hyrax, and quad-helix appliances on posterior crossbite (PXB) correction stability, and maxillary intermolar width and angulation, in the deciduous or early mixed dentition. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were models and treatment notes of @entity1 with PXB at the start of treatment (T1), after PXB correction (T2), and at least 2 years posttreatment (T3). Exclusion criteria were @entity2122 , fixed appliance use, or more than 1 expander type. From 312 consecutive expansion @entity1 , 74 @entity40393 , 41 hyrax, and 45 quad-helix subjects were evaluated regarding PXB correction, intermolar width, and angulation and compared with published norms to separate treatment effects from growth. The mean ages at T1, T2, and T3 were 8, 9, and 13 years. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in PXB correction stability or treatment response at T2 and T3 among the 3 expanders. Expansion increased intermolar width by 5 mm and tipped each molar by 2.3 degrees. At least 2 years after expander removal, molar width decreased by 1.3 mm, and the molars uprighted by 6 degrees. Compared with noncrossbite norms, PXB subjects had narrower intermolar width before treatment and greater width after expansion, and were slightly wider at least 2 years posttreatment. Both younger age at T1 and retainer use resulted in statistically greater intermolar width at T3. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty-four percent of PXB correction remained with about one third of the initial expansion lost; retainer use and early treatment provided increased intermolar width. @entity40393 , hyrax, and quad-helix appliances were equally effective. Slow maxillary expansion altered the PXB @entity1 ' maxillary widths from narrower to slightly wider than the widths of the noncrossbite norms.

title: Treatment response and stability of slow maxillary expansion using XXXX , hyrax, and quad-helix appliances: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial anomalies']

answer: @entity40393 :: (MESH:C566092,Disease) :: ['Haas']


abstract: Intake of soy protein has been associated with improvements in lipid metabolism, with much attention being focused on the serum @entity165 -lowering property of soy. The component or components of soy that are responsible for improvements in lipid metabolism have been investigated and their specific actions debated. One component, the @entity6400 , has been shown to have weak estrogenic activity, and recently, several research groups have suggested that @entity6400 are activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The three different isoforms of PPARs (alpha, gamma, and delta) have overlapping tissue distributions and functions associated with lipid metabolism. The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of @entity6400 is mediated through the @entity3229 receptor. Male and female 129/Sv @entity19 were obtained, including both wild-type and genetically altered @entity3229 knockout @entity19 . Groups of @entity19 were fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing soy protein +/- @entity6400 and @entity3229 agonist @entity3724 for 6 wk. At the end of 6 wk, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with hepatic gene expression. Most notably, serum @entity1674 were reduced by @entity3093 consumption. Compared with intake of a low- @entity3093 basal diet, @entity3093 intake reduced serum @entity412 levels by 36 and 52% in female and male wild-type @entity19 , respectively, compared with 55 and 52% in @entity3724 -treated @entity19 . @entity6400 also improved serum @entity412 levels in knockout @entity19 , whereas @entity3724 did not, suggesting that two different regulatory mechanisms may be affected by @entity3093 intake. @entity3093 intake resembled action of @entity3724 on @entity3229 -regulated gene expression, although less robustly compared with @entity3724 . We suggest that, at the levels consumed in this study, @entity3093 intake is altering lipid metabolism in a manner consistent with activation of @entity3229 and also via a @entity3229 -independent mechanism as well.

title: Dietary XXXX supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via @entity3229 -dependent and -independent mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone', 'Isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones', 'Isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3093 :: (CHEBI:18220,Chemical) :: ['isoflavone']


abstract: Intake of soy protein has been associated with improvements in lipid metabolism, with much attention being focused on the serum @entity165 -lowering property of soy. The component or components of soy that are responsible for improvements in lipid metabolism have been investigated and their specific actions debated. One component, the @entity6400 , has been shown to have weak estrogenic activity, and recently, several research groups have suggested that @entity6400 are activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The three different isoforms of PPARs (alpha, gamma, and delta) have overlapping tissue distributions and functions associated with lipid metabolism. The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of @entity6400 is mediated through the @entity3229 receptor. Male and female 129/Sv @entity19 were obtained, including both wild-type and genetically altered @entity3229 knockout @entity19 . Groups of @entity19 were fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing soy protein +/- @entity6400 and @entity3229 agonist @entity3724 for 6 wk. At the end of 6 wk, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with hepatic gene expression. Most notably, serum @entity1674 were reduced by @entity3093 consumption. Compared with intake of a low- @entity3093 basal diet, @entity3093 intake reduced serum @entity412 levels by 36 and 52% in female and male wild-type @entity19 , respectively, compared with 55 and 52% in @entity3724 -treated @entity19 . @entity6400 also improved serum @entity412 levels in knockout @entity19 , whereas @entity3724 did not, suggesting that two different regulatory mechanisms may be affected by @entity3093 intake. @entity3093 intake resembled action of @entity3724 on @entity3229 -regulated gene expression, although less robustly compared with @entity3724 . We suggest that, at the levels consumed in this study, @entity3093 intake is altering lipid metabolism in a manner consistent with activation of @entity3229 and also via a @entity3229 -independent mechanism as well.

title: Dietary @entity3093 supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via XXXX -dependent and -independent mechanisms.

answer: @entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPARalpha']


abstract: CONTEXT: Effects of irradiation on @entity1374 such as @entity9384 and @entity1669 have not been evaluated among @entity1 exposed to radiation more than 50 years in the past. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity1374 and their radiation-dose responses in atomic bomb survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Survey study comprising 4091 cohort members (mean age, 70 [SD, 9] years; 1352 @entity1 and 2739 @entity1 ) who participated in the thyroid study at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Thyroid examinations were conducted between March 2000 and February 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity1374 , including @entity9384 (malignant and benign) and @entity1669 , and the dose-response relationship of @entity1161 in each @entity1374 . RESULTS: @entity1374 were identified in 1833 (44.8%) of the total @entity1 (436 @entity1 [32.2% of @entity1 ] and 1397 @entity1 [51.0% of @entity1 ]) (P<.001). In 3185 @entity1 , excluding @entity1 exposed in utero, not in the city at the time of the atomic bombings, or with unknown radiation dose, the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity5 , benign nodules, and cysts was 14.6%, 2.2%, 4.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies, antithyroid antibody-positive @entity1375 , and @entity2743 was 28.2%, 3.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity5 , benign nodules, and cysts (P<.001). We estimate that about 28% of all solid nodules, 37% of @entity5 , 31% of benign nodules, and 25% of cysts are associated with radiation exposure at a mean and median thyroid radiation dose of 0.449 Sv and 0.087 Sv, respectively. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for positive antithyroid antibodies (P = .20), antithyroid antibody-positive @entity1375 (P = .92), or @entity2743 (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: A significant linear radiation dose response for @entity9384 , including @entity5 and benign nodules, exists in atomic bomb survivors. However, there is no significant dose response for @entity1669 .

title: Radiation dose-response relationships for XXXX and @entity1669 in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['atomic bomb radiation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid nodules']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'Thyroid diseases', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity9384 :: (MESH:D016606,Disease) :: ['thyroid nodules']


abstract: CONTEXT: Effects of irradiation on @entity1374 such as @entity9384 and @entity1669 have not been evaluated among @entity1 exposed to radiation more than 50 years in the past. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity1374 and their radiation-dose responses in atomic bomb survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Survey study comprising 4091 cohort members (mean age, 70 [SD, 9] years; 1352 @entity1 and 2739 @entity1 ) who participated in the thyroid study at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Thyroid examinations were conducted between March 2000 and February 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity1374 , including @entity9384 (malignant and benign) and @entity1669 , and the dose-response relationship of @entity1161 in each @entity1374 . RESULTS: @entity1374 were identified in 1833 (44.8%) of the total @entity1 (436 @entity1 [32.2% of @entity1 ] and 1397 @entity1 [51.0% of @entity1 ]) (P<.001). In 3185 @entity1 , excluding @entity1 exposed in utero, not in the city at the time of the atomic bombings, or with unknown radiation dose, the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity5 , benign nodules, and cysts was 14.6%, 2.2%, 4.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies, antithyroid antibody-positive @entity1375 , and @entity2743 was 28.2%, 3.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity5 , benign nodules, and cysts (P<.001). We estimate that about 28% of all solid nodules, 37% of @entity5 , 31% of benign nodules, and 25% of cysts are associated with radiation exposure at a mean and median thyroid radiation dose of 0.449 Sv and 0.087 Sv, respectively. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for positive antithyroid antibodies (P = .20), antithyroid antibody-positive @entity1375 (P = .92), or @entity2743 (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: A significant linear radiation dose response for @entity9384 , including @entity5 and benign nodules, exists in atomic bomb survivors. However, there is no significant dose response for @entity1669 .

title: Radiation dose-response relationships for @entity9384 and XXXX in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure.

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases']


abstract: The microtubule cytoskeleton is known to play a role in cell structure and serve as a scaffold for a variety of active molecules in processes as diverse as motility and cell division. The literature on the role of microtubules in signal transduction, however, is marked by inconsistencies. We have investigated a well-studied signaling pathway, @entity310 -induced NF-kappaB activation, and found a connection between the stability of microtubules and the regulation of NF-kappaB signaling in C2C12 myotubes. When microtubules are stabilized by @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ), there is a strong induction of NF-kappaB even in the absence of @entity310 . Although there was no additive effect of @entity1311 and @entity310 on NF-kappaB activity suggesting a shared mechanism of activation, @entity1311 strongly induced the NF-kappaB reporter in the presence of a @entity10736 ( @entity10736 ) blocking antibody while @entity310 did not. Both @entity310 and @entity1311 induce the degradation of endogenous @entity4284 and either @entity1311 or @entity310 induction of NF-kappaB activity was blocked by inhibitors of NF-kappaB acting at different sites in the signaling pathway. Both @entity310 and @entity1311 strongly induce known NF-kappaB chemokine target genes. On the other hand, if microtubules are destabilized by @entity3812 , then the induction of NF-kappaB by @entity310 or @entity1311 is greatly reduced. Taken together, we surmise that the activity of microtubules is at the level of the @entity10736 intracellular domain. This phenomenon may indicate a new level of signaling organization in cell biology, actively created by the state of the cytoskeleton, and has ramifications for therapies where microtubule regulating drugs are used.

title: Microtubule-mediated NF-kappaB activation in the XXXX signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'taxol']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma levels of @entity2232 have been reported in association with @entity299 , including @entity712 . Furthermore, it has been suggested that ET-1 acts as a local autocrine/paracrine factor with biological activities such as vasoconstriction, mitogenesis, and inotropic effects on the heart. This study investigated alterations of ET-1, ET receptor, and endothelin-converting enzyme ( @entity17614 ) expression in left ventricular myocardium from @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: mRNA concentrations of @entity2231 and ETB receptors, @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), and @entity17614 in left ventricles from nonfailing donors hearts (NF) and from @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 (NYHA functional class IV) due to @entity384 ( @entity384 ) were compared by use of a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression for @entity2232 , @entity17614 , and @entity2231 receptors, whereas a significant reduction of ETB-receptor mRNA was observed in @entity384 hearts. 125I-labeled ET-1 radioligand binding studies demonstrated a significant downregulation of ETB receptors, whereas @entity2231 -receptor density was increased in membranes from @entity384 hearts. Phosphoramidon-sensitive @entity17614 activity and immunodetectable amounts of @entity17614 protein in left ventricular membrane preparations did not differ between NF and @entity384 hearts. Finally, immunoreactive ET-1 concentrations were increased in @entity384 hearts. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates changes in the ET-receptor expression pattern in favor of the @entity2231 receptor in @entity1 end-stage @entity712 . Furthermore, activation of the cardiac ET system with increased tissue ET-1 concentrations in the failing myocardium is observed. This is more likely due to decreased clearance than to increased synthesis, because @entity2232 gene expression and @entity17614 activity are unchanged.

title: Expression of @entity2232 , endothelin-converting enzyme, and endothelin receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma levels of @entity2232 have been reported in association with @entity299 , including @entity712 . Furthermore, it has been suggested that ET-1 acts as a local autocrine/paracrine factor with biological activities such as vasoconstriction, mitogenesis, and inotropic effects on the heart. This study investigated alterations of ET-1, ET receptor, and endothelin-converting enzyme ( @entity17614 ) expression in left ventricular myocardium from @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: mRNA concentrations of @entity2231 and ETB receptors, @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), and @entity17614 in left ventricles from nonfailing donors hearts (NF) and from @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 (NYHA functional class IV) due to @entity384 ( @entity384 ) were compared by use of a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression for @entity2232 , @entity17614 , and @entity2231 receptors, whereas a significant reduction of ETB-receptor mRNA was observed in @entity384 hearts. 125I-labeled ET-1 radioligand binding studies demonstrated a significant downregulation of ETB receptors, whereas @entity2231 -receptor density was increased in membranes from @entity384 hearts. Phosphoramidon-sensitive @entity17614 activity and immunodetectable amounts of @entity17614 protein in left ventricular membrane preparations did not differ between NF and @entity384 hearts. Finally, immunoreactive ET-1 concentrations were increased in @entity384 hearts. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates changes in the ET-receptor expression pattern in favor of the @entity2231 receptor in @entity1 end-stage @entity712 . Furthermore, activation of the cardiac ET system with increased tissue ET-1 concentrations in the failing myocardium is observed. This is more likely due to decreased clearance than to increased synthesis, because @entity2232 gene expression and @entity17614 activity are unchanged.

title: Expression of XXXX , endothelin-converting enzyme, and endothelin receptors in @entity712 .

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: This study describes the role of lymphatics in the removal of macrophages from inflammatory lesions in the heart of @entity8598 @entity35 and @entity35 recovering from @entity1371 . The inflammatory lesions are characterized by focal cardiomyocyte @entity39 , @entity4 , and mononuclear infiltrate. The vascular and lymphatic capillaries are maintained along with the basement membrane of the @entity39 . Through prior investigation, it was revealed that refeeding @entity972 led to a rapid reduction in lesion area. The purpose of the current investigation was to establish the role of the lymphatics as a means of reducing the lesion area by removal of the cellular infiltrate and @entity4 . Using a limited @entity972 diet, @entity8598 @entity35 were sacrificed via perfusion fixation during the @entity8598 and the @entity972 re-supplementation periods. Heart tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. During the @entity8598 period, phagocytic mononuclear cells were found engulfing necrotic cardiac muscle cells. With refeeding of @entity972 , these phagocytic cells appeared to be diminished in number, a reduction that coincided with a decrease in the lesion size. Lymphatic channels were dilated and full of mononuclear cells. These channels were differentiated from the vascular capillaries by standard morphological criteria. In conclusion, the lymphatics play an important role in the healing process by reducing the lesion size through the removal of phagocytic cells and the uptake of proteinaceous material.

title: The role of the lymphatics in aiding regression of hypokalemic lesions in XXXX cardiac muscle.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic cardiomyocyte']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The surgical management of @entity9905 is a challenging, complex procedure, and the risks are great. The otologic surgeon is responsible for keeping a patent external auditory canal and for achieving satisfactory hearing. The present report studied hearing changes that occurred after tympanoplasty and the long-term results of tympanoplasty in 12 cases of @entity9905 or @entity850 . @entity1 were followed for more than 2 years after surgery. In four ears, an allograft of the tympanic membrane with an attached malleus was used, with a good graft take and hearing results. An autograft of temporal fascia was used in eight ears. Hearing acuity decreased in six of the eight ears and was maintained in two ears. Three primary surgery @entity1 required revision surgery for postoperative restenosis of the external auditory canal. Some comments have been made with regard to this problem. Emphasis is also placed on the selection of @entity1 for surgery using a thorough audiologic and roentgenologic evaluation.

title: Results of tympanoplasty for @entity9905 and XXXX , with special reference to fascia and homograft as the graft material of the tympanic membrane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aural atresia']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: The surgical management of @entity9905 is a challenging, complex procedure, and the risks are great. The otologic surgeon is responsible for keeping a patent external auditory canal and for achieving satisfactory hearing. The present report studied hearing changes that occurred after tympanoplasty and the long-term results of tympanoplasty in 12 cases of @entity9905 or @entity850 . @entity1 were followed for more than 2 years after surgery. In four ears, an allograft of the tympanic membrane with an attached malleus was used, with a good graft take and hearing results. An autograft of temporal fascia was used in eight ears. Hearing acuity decreased in six of the eight ears and was maintained in two ears. Three primary surgery @entity1 required revision surgery for postoperative restenosis of the external auditory canal. Some comments have been made with regard to this problem. Emphasis is also placed on the selection of @entity1 for surgery using a thorough audiologic and roentgenologic evaluation.

title: Results of tympanoplasty for XXXX and @entity850 , with special reference to fascia and homograft as the graft material of the tympanic membrane.

answer: @entity9905 :: (MESH:C564321,Disease) :: ['congenital aural atresia']


abstract: A 41-year-old- @entity1 without previous @entity741 , developed a severe anaphylactic reaction. After administration of @entity1425 (0.5 mg) the @entity1 complained of @entity662 . The electrocardiogram showed an elevation of ST segment in inferior leads. @entity296 was ruled out. Coronary arteriography disclosed normal coronary arteries. Eight months later, the @entity1 developed severe @entity662 during physical activity. ST elevation was again seen in inferior leads. ECG changes disappeared, when sublingual @entity1242 was administered. A diagnosis of @entity951 was made. Exercise test was negative, during treatment with @entity460 -blocking agents. The @entity1 subsequently remain free of symptoms taking medication. The physiological mechanisms of @entity951 and precipitating factors are discussed.

title: [An XXXX -induced vasospasm as the form of presentation of variant angina].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown that @entity2298 and low HDL- @entity165 were both associated with an increased risk of @entity301 . Furthermore, @entity2298 is now recognized as an independent risk factor for @entity453 . Secondary prevention trials (e.g., LOCAT, BECAIT, @entity30821 and DAIS) in @entity453 with drugs acting primarily on @entity1674 (e.g., the @entity5601 activators @entity10569 , @entity3724 and @entity8445 ) have shown that reducing @entity1674 and increasing HDL- @entity165 , without significantly affecting LDL- @entity165 , slows down coronary artery luminal narrowing. Furthermore, the VA-HIT study recently showed that @entity8445 decreased @entity453 mortality in secondary prevention trials, partly by increasing HDL- @entity165 . The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (i.e., @entity49032 ) form a subfamily of the nuclear receptor gene family. Whereas all PPARs are, albeit to differing extents, activated by @entity1718 and derivatives, @entity5601 binds the hypolipidemic fibrates. @entity5601 activation mediates changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, @entity5601 activators increase hepatic uptake and esterification of free @entity1718 , in addition to increasing mitochondrial free @entity844 uptake and the resulting free @entity844 oxidation. The effect of fibrates on the metabolism of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins is due to a @entity5601 -dependent stimulation of lipoprotein lipase and of apolipoprotein (apo)A-V and to an inhibition of @entity12436 expression, whereas the increase in plasma HDL- @entity165 depends partly on an overexpression of @entity1675 and @entity3294 . PPARs are also expressed in @entity731 .

title: Mode of action of fibrates in the regulation of XXXX and HDL- @entity165 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity49032 :: ('5465;5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPAR-alpha, -beta(delta) and -gamma']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity10569 :: ('MESH:D001629', 'Chemical') :: ['bezafibrate']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown that @entity2298 and low HDL- @entity165 were both associated with an increased risk of @entity301 . Furthermore, @entity2298 is now recognized as an independent risk factor for @entity453 . Secondary prevention trials (e.g., LOCAT, BECAIT, @entity30821 and DAIS) in @entity453 with drugs acting primarily on @entity1674 (e.g., the @entity5601 activators @entity10569 , @entity3724 and @entity8445 ) have shown that reducing @entity1674 and increasing HDL- @entity165 , without significantly affecting LDL- @entity165 , slows down coronary artery luminal narrowing. Furthermore, the VA-HIT study recently showed that @entity8445 decreased @entity453 mortality in secondary prevention trials, partly by increasing HDL- @entity165 . The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (i.e., @entity49032 ) form a subfamily of the nuclear receptor gene family. Whereas all PPARs are, albeit to differing extents, activated by @entity1718 and derivatives, @entity5601 binds the hypolipidemic fibrates. @entity5601 activation mediates changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, @entity5601 activators increase hepatic uptake and esterification of free @entity1718 , in addition to increasing mitochondrial free @entity844 uptake and the resulting free @entity844 oxidation. The effect of fibrates on the metabolism of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins is due to a @entity5601 -dependent stimulation of lipoprotein lipase and of apolipoprotein (apo)A-V and to an inhibition of @entity12436 expression, whereas the increase in plasma HDL- @entity165 depends partly on an overexpression of @entity1675 and @entity3294 . PPARs are also expressed in @entity731 .

title: Mode of action of fibrates in the regulation of @entity412 and HDL- XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Problems related to the central nervous system have a major impact on survival and quality of life. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity16 after liver transplantation (LT), including both cadaveric and living donor liver transplantation. Between April 2001 and March 2004 174 @entity1 (120 cadaveric liver transplantations, 54 living donor transplantations) were admitted to our intensive care after liver transplantation. Of the transplanted @entity1 24.7% developed @entity16 . These @entity1 ' stay in the intensive care (14.2 +/- 17.2 days) was much longer than that of all admitted @entity1 (8.4 +/- 10.5 days, p < 0.05). The most common @entity16 were @entity75 (72.1%) and @entity410 (11.6 %). The incidence of @entity16 in living donor liver transplanted @entity1 was significantly lower than in cadaveric transplantation @entity1 (20.4% vs 26.7 %). The @entity63 time in living donor transplanted @entity1 was significantly shorter in comparison with cadaveric transplanted @entity1 (215 +/- 119.3 vs. 383.7 +/- 214.7). The survival rate after liver transplantation of @entity1 with @entity16 was lower than that of @entity1 without, but not significantly different (79.1 % vs. 82.4%, p > 0.05). The incidence of @entity16 was found to be similar between the @entity1 treated with @entity205 (25%) and @entity1140 (23.8 %) in this study. In conclusion, there was a high incidence of @entity16 after LT, prolonging the @entity1 ' stay in intensive care significantly. The major neurological manifestation in our @entity1 was @entity75 followed by @entity410 . Living donor liver transplantation was associated with a significantly lower incidence of @entity16 compared with @entity1 who had received a cadaveric graft. This might be due to the good quality of the organ and the much shorter @entity63 time of the graft when the donor was alive.

title: XXXX after cadaveric and living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cold ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological complications']


abstract: Of four monoclonal antibodies to purified @entity35 liver cytochrome P450s, including those from @entity5954 -, @entity109 -, @entity1068 -, and @entity22097 -treated @entity35 , only the monoclonal antibody against @entity22097 -inducible P450 immunodetected proteins in @entity1573 liver microsomes after blotting from @entity3208 - @entity2975 gels. This protein migrated identically with the @entity22097 -inducible P450 detected in microsomes from @entity619 -treated @entity35 . It was most predominant in liver microsomes from @entity1573 at 1 day posthatching, whereas much lower levels were observed in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch. @entity109 and @entity619 were both effective inducers of this protein. The developmental profile and induction by @entity109 and @entity619 of several cytochrome P450-associated catalytic activities were compared with those of the immunodetected protein. @entity1573 liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase, a characteristic activity of @entity35 @entity22097 -inducible P450, was similar in developmental profile and induction to the immunodetected protein, with a high degree of augmentation at 1 day posthatch compared with that in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch; @entity4528 epoxidase, @entity10045 demethylase, @entity7680 demethylase, and @entity17690 demethylase were more similar to each other in development and induction and were less well correlated with the immunodetected protein. This evidence suggests the presence in @entity1573 liver of at least two types of P450, one a form related to the @entity22097 -inducible P450 family. All of the catalytic activities were induced after pretreatment of @entity1573 with @entity109 but @entity4528 epoxidase was most effectively induced. @entity4528 epoxidase was also detected in microsomes from untreated embryos as early as 7 days of incubation. @entity2929 demethylase was the only catalytic activity induced by @entity619 . There was a trend of increased specific activity toward all the substances after hatching, indicating a more efficient P450 system, possibly due to a sharp increase in some isozymes, including the form from the @entity22097 -inducible P450 family. This evidence for a @entity22097 -inducible P450 in @entity1573 agrees with sequence information that suggests the early evolution of this form and demonstrates the suitability of the @entity1573 for studies of P450 evolution.

title: Evidence for a PCN-P450 enzyme in XXXX and comparison of its development with that of other @entity109 -inducible forms.

entities_list: @entity17690 :: ('MESH:D000632', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyrine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken', 'Chicken']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity10045 :: ('MESH:D001589', 'Chemical') :: ['benzphetamine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity22097 :: ('MESH:D011285', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone-16-alpha-carbonitrile']

entities_list: @entity7680 :: ('MESH:D005036', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylmorphine']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

entities_list: @entity4528 :: ('MESH:D000452', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldrin', 'aldrin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Of four monoclonal antibodies to purified @entity35 liver cytochrome P450s, including those from @entity5954 -, @entity109 -, @entity1068 -, and @entity22097 -treated @entity35 , only the monoclonal antibody against @entity22097 -inducible P450 immunodetected proteins in @entity1573 liver microsomes after blotting from @entity3208 - @entity2975 gels. This protein migrated identically with the @entity22097 -inducible P450 detected in microsomes from @entity619 -treated @entity35 . It was most predominant in liver microsomes from @entity1573 at 1 day posthatching, whereas much lower levels were observed in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch. @entity109 and @entity619 were both effective inducers of this protein. The developmental profile and induction by @entity109 and @entity619 of several cytochrome P450-associated catalytic activities were compared with those of the immunodetected protein. @entity1573 liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase, a characteristic activity of @entity35 @entity22097 -inducible P450, was similar in developmental profile and induction to the immunodetected protein, with a high degree of augmentation at 1 day posthatch compared with that in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch; @entity4528 epoxidase, @entity10045 demethylase, @entity7680 demethylase, and @entity17690 demethylase were more similar to each other in development and induction and were less well correlated with the immunodetected protein. This evidence suggests the presence in @entity1573 liver of at least two types of P450, one a form related to the @entity22097 -inducible P450 family. All of the catalytic activities were induced after pretreatment of @entity1573 with @entity109 but @entity4528 epoxidase was most effectively induced. @entity4528 epoxidase was also detected in microsomes from untreated embryos as early as 7 days of incubation. @entity2929 demethylase was the only catalytic activity induced by @entity619 . There was a trend of increased specific activity toward all the substances after hatching, indicating a more efficient P450 system, possibly due to a sharp increase in some isozymes, including the form from the @entity22097 -inducible P450 family. This evidence for a @entity22097 -inducible P450 in @entity1573 agrees with sequence information that suggests the early evolution of this form and demonstrates the suitability of the @entity1573 for studies of P450 evolution.

title: Evidence for a PCN-P450 enzyme in @entity1573 and comparison of its development with that of other XXXX -inducible forms.

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 affects @entity1 ' incomes, but to the authors' knowledge few studies to date have examined how the income of the @entity1 ' spouses may be influenced. In this population-based study from Norway, the effects of @entity5 on both partners' earnings are analyzed. METHODS: The difference between labor earnings the year before the @entity5 diagnosis and that 2, 5, or 8 years later was compared with the difference in earnings over a corresponding period for similar @entity1 without @entity5 , applying linear regression models to national registry data. Approximately 1.1 million married @entity1 ages 35 to 59 years were included, among them 17,250 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 during 1991 through 1999. RESULTS: Two and 5 years after a @entity5 diagnosis, married @entity1 experienced lower earnings than they would have absent the illness. @entity5 in wives, however, did not affect @entity1 's earnings. @entity1 's earnings were adversely influenced to the same extent by their own as by their spouses' @entity5 . Brain, lung, and @entity14 in male spouses produced the most adverse effects on @entity1 's earnings. All effects were most pronounced for @entity1 no longer married. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 's earnings are lower after both their own and their spouses' @entity5 , and divorced and widowed @entity1 experience the most pronounced reduction after spousal @entity5 . @entity1 's earnings are lower only if they are diagnosed themselves. This may reflect traditional sex roles, with @entity1 as main breadwinners and @entity1 as caregivers. For family households, @entity5 in @entity1 may result in greater financial difficulties than @entity5 among @entity1 , although the effect will depend on breadwinner roles before diagnosis.

title: The impact of XXXX on spouses' labor earnings: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer illness', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: 1. Spinal prostanoids are implicated in the development of @entity1931 after @entity6784 , but the specific prostanoid species that are involved are presently unknown. The current study used an in vitro spinal superfusion model to investigate the effect of substance @entity10133 ), @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), and @entity2951 on multiple prostanoid release from dorsal spinal cord of naive @entity35 as well as @entity35 that underwent peripheral @entity32 (knee joint @entity4563 /carrageenan). 2. In naive @entity35 spinal cords, @entity1421 and @entity9077 , but not @entity3448 , levels were increased after inclusion of SP, @entity143 , or @entity2951 in the perfusion medium. 3. Basal @entity1421 levels from spinal cords of animals that underwent 5-72 h of @entity32 were elevated relative to age-matched naive cohorts. The time course of this increase in basal @entity1421 levels coincided with @entity32 , as assessed by knee joint circumference. Basal @entity9077 levels were not elevated after injury. 4. From this @entity32 -evoked increase in basal @entity1421 levels, SP and @entity2951 significantly increased spinal @entity1421 release in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity2951 -evoked increases were blocked dose-dependently by inclusion of S(+) @entity5018 in the @entity2951 -containing perfusate. 5. These data suggest a role for spinal @entity1421 and @entity16325 activation in the development of @entity1931 after injury and demonstrate that this relationship is upregulated in response to peripheral tissue @entity32 .

title: In vitro prostanoid release from spinal cord following @entity32 : effects of substance P, @entity143 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral inflammation', 'inflammation', 'injury and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity6784 :: ('MESH:D059348', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral injury']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-PGF1alpha']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: 1. Spinal prostanoids are implicated in the development of @entity1931 after @entity6784 , but the specific prostanoid species that are involved are presently unknown. The current study used an in vitro spinal superfusion model to investigate the effect of substance @entity10133 ), @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), and @entity2951 on multiple prostanoid release from dorsal spinal cord of naive @entity35 as well as @entity35 that underwent peripheral @entity32 (knee joint @entity4563 /carrageenan). 2. In naive @entity35 spinal cords, @entity1421 and @entity9077 , but not @entity3448 , levels were increased after inclusion of SP, @entity143 , or @entity2951 in the perfusion medium. 3. Basal @entity1421 levels from spinal cords of animals that underwent 5-72 h of @entity32 were elevated relative to age-matched naive cohorts. The time course of this increase in basal @entity1421 levels coincided with @entity32 , as assessed by knee joint circumference. Basal @entity9077 levels were not elevated after injury. 4. From this @entity32 -evoked increase in basal @entity1421 levels, SP and @entity2951 significantly increased spinal @entity1421 release in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity2951 -evoked increases were blocked dose-dependently by inclusion of S(+) @entity5018 in the @entity2951 -containing perfusate. 5. These data suggest a role for spinal @entity1421 and @entity16325 activation in the development of @entity1931 after injury and demonstrate that this relationship is upregulated in response to peripheral tissue @entity32 .

title: In vitro prostanoid release from spinal cord following @entity32 : effects of substance P, XXXX and @entity2951 .

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: 1. Spinal prostanoids are implicated in the development of @entity1931 after @entity6784 , but the specific prostanoid species that are involved are presently unknown. The current study used an in vitro spinal superfusion model to investigate the effect of substance @entity10133 ), @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), and @entity2951 on multiple prostanoid release from dorsal spinal cord of naive @entity35 as well as @entity35 that underwent peripheral @entity32 (knee joint @entity4563 /carrageenan). 2. In naive @entity35 spinal cords, @entity1421 and @entity9077 , but not @entity3448 , levels were increased after inclusion of SP, @entity143 , or @entity2951 in the perfusion medium. 3. Basal @entity1421 levels from spinal cords of animals that underwent 5-72 h of @entity32 were elevated relative to age-matched naive cohorts. The time course of this increase in basal @entity1421 levels coincided with @entity32 , as assessed by knee joint circumference. Basal @entity9077 levels were not elevated after injury. 4. From this @entity32 -evoked increase in basal @entity1421 levels, SP and @entity2951 significantly increased spinal @entity1421 release in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity2951 -evoked increases were blocked dose-dependently by inclusion of S(+) @entity5018 in the @entity2951 -containing perfusate. 5. These data suggest a role for spinal @entity1421 and @entity16325 activation in the development of @entity1931 after injury and demonstrate that this relationship is upregulated in response to peripheral tissue @entity32 .

title: In vitro prostanoid release from spinal cord following XXXX : effects of substance P, @entity143 and @entity2951 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['peripheral inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity717 is common in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), it is not known @entity1252 characteristics predispose toward @entity717 . We examined demographic, clinical, serological, and neuropsychological factors in a group of disabled and nondisabled @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity1252 were assessed for work status, disease characteristics, fatigue, @entity148 , @entity308 , and quality of life. All subjects underwent an abbreviated panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects who had @entity717 (social security or longterm disability, n = 16) and subjects who self-reported @entity717 without formal recognition (n = 8) were compared to subjects denying @entity717 from lupus (n = 26). RESULTS: Education level, African-American race, and SLICC Damage Index score were significantly associated with @entity717 relative to other subjects. @entity149 ( @entity16135 .44, 95% CI 3.01, 68.20; p = 0.001), @entity1310 (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.01, 13.9; p = 0.048), and discoid lupus ( @entity16133 .93, 95% CI 3.51, 113.3; p = 0.001) were all associated with formal disability. Formally disabled @entity1 had higher fatigue and @entity148 scores and more impaired quality of life in many domains relative to nondisabled subjects. Subjects with self-reported @entity717 also had @entity149 , high fatigue scores, and poor quality of life, but in other respects appeared to have milder disease than formally disabled subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity149 and fatigue are 2 manifestations that may contribute materially to @entity717 in lupus. Other associated factors include low education levels, SLICC Damage Index scores, discoid lupus, @entity1310 , and possibly African-American race.

title: Prevalence of @entity149 and other clinical manifestations in disabled @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'which lupus disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive impairment', 'neurocognitive dysfunction', 'Neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability', 'formal work disability']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity717 is common in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), it is not known @entity1252 characteristics predispose toward @entity717 . We examined demographic, clinical, serological, and neuropsychological factors in a group of disabled and nondisabled @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity1252 were assessed for work status, disease characteristics, fatigue, @entity148 , @entity308 , and quality of life. All subjects underwent an abbreviated panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects who had @entity717 (social security or longterm disability, n = 16) and subjects who self-reported @entity717 without formal recognition (n = 8) were compared to subjects denying @entity717 from lupus (n = 26). RESULTS: Education level, African-American race, and SLICC Damage Index score were significantly associated with @entity717 relative to other subjects. @entity149 ( @entity16135 .44, 95% CI 3.01, 68.20; p = 0.001), @entity1310 (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.01, 13.9; p = 0.048), and discoid lupus ( @entity16133 .93, 95% CI 3.51, 113.3; p = 0.001) were all associated with formal disability. Formally disabled @entity1 had higher fatigue and @entity148 scores and more impaired quality of life in many domains relative to nondisabled subjects. Subjects with self-reported @entity717 also had @entity149 , high fatigue scores, and poor quality of life, but in other respects appeared to have milder disease than formally disabled subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity149 and fatigue are 2 manifestations that may contribute materially to @entity717 in lupus. Other associated factors include low education levels, SLICC Damage Index scores, discoid lupus, @entity1310 , and possibly African-American race.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and other clinical manifestations in disabled @entity1 with @entity1252 .

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['neurocognitive dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity717 is common in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), it is not known @entity1252 characteristics predispose toward @entity717 . We examined demographic, clinical, serological, and neuropsychological factors in a group of disabled and nondisabled @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity1252 were assessed for work status, disease characteristics, fatigue, @entity148 , @entity308 , and quality of life. All subjects underwent an abbreviated panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects who had @entity717 (social security or longterm disability, n = 16) and subjects who self-reported @entity717 without formal recognition (n = 8) were compared to subjects denying @entity717 from lupus (n = 26). RESULTS: Education level, African-American race, and SLICC Damage Index score were significantly associated with @entity717 relative to other subjects. @entity149 ( @entity16135 .44, 95% CI 3.01, 68.20; p = 0.001), @entity1310 (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.01, 13.9; p = 0.048), and discoid lupus ( @entity16133 .93, 95% CI 3.51, 113.3; p = 0.001) were all associated with formal disability. Formally disabled @entity1 had higher fatigue and @entity148 scores and more impaired quality of life in many domains relative to nondisabled subjects. Subjects with self-reported @entity717 also had @entity149 , high fatigue scores, and poor quality of life, but in other respects appeared to have milder disease than formally disabled subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity149 and fatigue are 2 manifestations that may contribute materially to @entity717 in lupus. Other associated factors include low education levels, SLICC Damage Index scores, discoid lupus, @entity1310 , and possibly African-American race.

title: Prevalence of @entity149 and other clinical manifestations in disabled XXXX with @entity1252 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 and other types of @entity303 are characterised by numerous @entity146 and behavioural changes. Little is known of their natural history. AIMS: To investigate the sequence and pattern of these changes throughout the course of @entity303 . METHOD: One hundred @entity1 , initially living at home with carers, entered a prospective, longitudinal study. At four-monthly intervals, behavioural and @entity146 symptoms were assessed using the Present Behavioural Examination and Mini-Mental State Examination. Follow-up continued for up to nine years (mean 3.3 years; s.d. 2.4). Patterns of onset and disappearance of these symptoms, their sequence and association with time of @entity204 and @entity73 were analysed. Autopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pure @entity195 in 48 subjects. Data for this subgroup are presented. RESULTS: Some changes tend to occur earlier than others but changes can occur at almost any time in the course of @entity303 . CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of behaviour changes in @entity195 shows great individual variation although some changes tend to follow a recognisable sequence.

title: Natural history of behavioural changes and @entity146 symptoms in XXXX . A longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']