abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) is associated with morbidity and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 . The present study analyzed the clinical significance of @entity8479 in surgical @entity1 with severe @entity295 . METHODS: This was a prospective study carried out in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured three times a day via a urinary catheter filled with 25  mL of saline. @entity8479 was defined as an IAP   >=    12  mmHg, and the peak IAP was recorded as the IAP for the day. Data were analyzed in terms of @entity8479 development and the @entity8479 duration. RESULTS: Of the 46 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 42 developed @entity8479 while in the SICU. The development of @entity8479 aggravated the clinical outcomes; such as longer SICU stay, requirement of ventilator support, and delayed initiation of enteral feeding (EF). The @entity8479 duration showed a significant correlation with @entity8 , and enteral feeding. The @entity8479 duration was an independent predictor of 60-day mortality (odds ratio: 1.196; p   =   0.014). CONCLUSIONS: The duration of @entity8479 is a more important prognostic factor than the development of @entity8479 ; thus every effort should be made to reduce the @entity8479 duration in @entity3124 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01784458.

title: The duration of intra-abdominal hypertension strongly predicts outcomes for the XXXX surgical @entity1 : a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary, renal, and cardiovascular function']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-abdominal hypertension', 'IAH']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) is associated with morbidity and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 . The present study analyzed the clinical significance of @entity8479 in surgical @entity1 with severe @entity295 . METHODS: This was a prospective study carried out in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured three times a day via a urinary catheter filled with 25  mL of saline. @entity8479 was defined as an IAP   >=    12  mmHg, and the peak IAP was recorded as the IAP for the day. Data were analyzed in terms of @entity8479 development and the @entity8479 duration. RESULTS: Of the 46 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 42 developed @entity8479 while in the SICU. The development of @entity8479 aggravated the clinical outcomes; such as longer SICU stay, requirement of ventilator support, and delayed initiation of enteral feeding (EF). The @entity8479 duration showed a significant correlation with @entity8 , and enteral feeding. The @entity8479 duration was an independent predictor of 60-day mortality (odds ratio: 1.196; p   =   0.014). CONCLUSIONS: The duration of @entity8479 is a more important prognostic factor than the development of @entity8479 ; thus every effort should be made to reduce the @entity8479 duration in @entity3124 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01784458.

title: The duration of intra-abdominal hypertension strongly predicts outcomes for the @entity3124 surgical XXXX : a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of imaging geometry on evaluating natural @entity62 with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). A total of 34 specimens were prepared from extracted @entity1 premolars and permanent molars with @entity1547 on the interproximal surface. The specimens were each adjusted to a final thickness of 3.0 mm. Images were acquired with the QLF system perpendicular to the @entity1547 and at 5 degrees intervals up to 30 degrees above and below the perpendicular. The specimens were rotated around the buccolingual axis of the tooth (pitch angle) and around the long axis of the tooth (roll angle). The averages of fluorescence loss (DeltaF, %) and lesion size ( @entity202 ) were determined with QLF. Another variable, DeltaQ, which was defined as the fluorescence loss integrated over the lesion size (% x @entity202 ), was also calculated. DeltaF was smaller when lesions were viewed from the cervical direction (angles less than 90 degrees ), and became bigger when viewed from the coronal direction. Roll angle did not significantly affect DeltaF. Apparent lesion size diminished with deviations from 90 degrees in both directions for pitch and roll angles. DeltaQ was affected by pitch and roll angles with the largest value at 90 degrees and values decreasing in both directions from 90 degrees. In general, there were significant differences for angles larger than 20 degrees from the perpendicular for all three QLF variables. This study suggests that angle is an important factor to control when performing QLF studies; however, small changes (deviations within 20 degrees ) have a minimal effect on QLF variables.

title: Effect of imaging geometry on evaluating natural XXXX using quantitative light-induced fluorescence.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white-spot lesions']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['white spots']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white-spot lesions']


abstract: The Th2 cytokine inhibitor, suplatast tosilate (300 mg/day) was administered to 45 cases of @entity1 with @entity483 for 8 weeks. The clinical scores, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, serum LDH levels, total IgE levels, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels, and serum @entity225 levels before and after the treatment were observed and comparatively evaluated. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1) Temporary improvements were found in the severity score, itching score, and @entity22 score. All evaluated scores decreased significantly for all observation periods at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after administration of suplatast tosilate compared with those before the administration. 2) In severe group, there was a significant improvement of severity score of lower limb. In moderate group there were significant improvements of severity score of head, face, neck and of upper limb. There were significant improvements of severity score of trunk and upper limbs in mild group. 3) The peripheral blood eosinophil counts and serum LDH levels significantly diminished compared with those before administration, but no significant difference was found in total IgE levels and serum ECP levels. 4) The serum @entity225 levels decreased after administration, however, there was no statistical significance. 5) The positive correlations between delta-severity score and delta-peripheral eosinophil count, delta-serum LDH levels, delta-serum ECP levels were found. 6) The positive correlations between delta-peripheral eosinophil count and delta-serum LDH levels, delta-serum ECP levels were observed. 7) There was no sign of adverse effects of the drug. From the above mentioned results, we confirmed the high efficacy of suplatast tosilate in the treatment of @entity483 .

title: [The effect of suplatast tosilate on the @entity1 with XXXX --relationship between clinical symptoms and immunological parameters].

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: The Th2 cytokine inhibitor, suplatast tosilate (300 mg/day) was administered to 45 cases of @entity1 with @entity483 for 8 weeks. The clinical scores, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, serum LDH levels, total IgE levels, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels, and serum @entity225 levels before and after the treatment were observed and comparatively evaluated. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1) Temporary improvements were found in the severity score, itching score, and @entity22 score. All evaluated scores decreased significantly for all observation periods at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after administration of suplatast tosilate compared with those before the administration. 2) In severe group, there was a significant improvement of severity score of lower limb. In moderate group there were significant improvements of severity score of head, face, neck and of upper limb. There were significant improvements of severity score of trunk and upper limbs in mild group. 3) The peripheral blood eosinophil counts and serum LDH levels significantly diminished compared with those before administration, but no significant difference was found in total IgE levels and serum ECP levels. 4) The serum @entity225 levels decreased after administration, however, there was no statistical significance. 5) The positive correlations between delta-severity score and delta-peripheral eosinophil count, delta-serum LDH levels, delta-serum ECP levels were found. 6) The positive correlations between delta-peripheral eosinophil count and delta-serum LDH levels, delta-serum ECP levels were observed. 7) There was no sign of adverse effects of the drug. From the above mentioned results, we confirmed the high efficacy of suplatast tosilate in the treatment of @entity483 .

title: [The effect of suplatast tosilate on the XXXX with @entity483 --relationship between clinical symptoms and immunological parameters].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The development of nocturnal sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was investigated in a longitudinal study during infancy. All-night polysomnographic recordings were obtained at home at 2 wk and at 2, 4, 6, and 9 mo after birth (analysis of 7 @entity1 ). Total sleep time and the percentage of quiet sleep or non-rapid eye @entity10522 (QS/NREMS) increased with age, whereas the percentage of active sleep or rapid eye @entity10522 ( @entity5427 /REMS) decreased. Spectral power of the sleep EEG was higher in QS/NREMS than in @entity5427 /REMS over a large part of the 0.75- to 25-Hz frequency range. In both QS/NREMS and @entity5427 /REMS, EEG power increased with age in the frequency range <10 Hz and >17 Hz. The largest rise occurred between 2 and 6 mo. A salient feature of the QS/NREMS spectrum was the emergence of a peak in the sigma band (12-14 Hz) at 2 mo that corresponded to the appearance of sleep spindles. Between 2 and 9 mo, low-frequency delta activity (0.75-1.75 Hz) showed an alternating pattern with a high level occurring in every other QS/NREMS episode. At 6 mo, sigma activity showed a similar pattern. In contrast, theta activity (6.5-9 Hz) exhibited a monotonic decline over consecutive QS/NREMS episodes, a trend that at 9 mo could be closely approximated by an exponential function. The results suggest that 1) EEG markers of sleep homeostasis appear in the first postnatal months, and 2) sleep homeostasis goes through a period of maturation. Theta activity and not delta activity seems to reflect the dissipation of sleep propensity during infancy.

title: Development of the nocturnal sleep electroencephalogram in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The development of nocturnal sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was investigated in a longitudinal study during infancy. All-night polysomnographic recordings were obtained at home at 2 wk and at 2, 4, 6, and 9 mo after birth (analysis of 7 @entity1 ). Total sleep time and the percentage of quiet sleep or non-rapid eye @entity10522 (QS/NREMS) increased with age, whereas the percentage of active sleep or rapid eye @entity10522 ( @entity5427 /REMS) decreased. Spectral power of the sleep EEG was higher in QS/NREMS than in @entity5427 /REMS over a large part of the 0.75- to 25-Hz frequency range. In both QS/NREMS and @entity5427 /REMS, EEG power increased with age in the frequency range <10 Hz and >17 Hz. The largest rise occurred between 2 and 6 mo. A salient feature of the QS/NREMS spectrum was the emergence of a peak in the sigma band (12-14 Hz) at 2 mo that corresponded to the appearance of sleep spindles. Between 2 and 9 mo, low-frequency delta activity (0.75-1.75 Hz) showed an alternating pattern with a high level occurring in every other QS/NREMS episode. At 6 mo, sigma activity showed a similar pattern. In contrast, theta activity (6.5-9 Hz) exhibited a monotonic decline over consecutive QS/NREMS episodes, a trend that at 9 mo could be closely approximated by an exponential function. The results suggest that 1) EEG markers of sleep homeostasis appear in the first postnatal months, and 2) sleep homeostasis goes through a period of maturation. Theta activity and not delta activity seems to reflect the dissipation of sleep propensity during infancy.

title: Development of the nocturnal sleep electroencephalogram in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroprotective strategies to prevent or decrease @entity1545 in @entity519 ischemic newborns are one of the main research lines in neonatology. Animal models have been used to assess the efficiency of new therapeutic strategies. @entity75 biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are frequently used to evaluate the outcome at the bedside. Despite the importance of this approach in clinical practice, there are many difficulties in using it in small animals. The aim of this paper was to describe a new technique for collecting CSF in @entity35 pups. Furthermore the reference values of @entity21078 protein levels, commonly used in common clinical practice, were analyzed in animals between 7 to 12 days. METHODS: 42 @entity35 @entity35 pups aged 7 to 12 days were used. CSF was obtained by direct puncture of the cisterna magna with a 24-gauge needle. @entity21078 protein levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: CSF was successfully obtained in 96% of the cases, with an average amount of 21.28  l (5-40  l). Normal values for @entity21078 were described. HI animals presented higher @entity21078 values than controls. CONCLUSIONS: A simple, reproducible technique for CSF collection in @entity35 pups has been described. This new method will allow study of @entity1545 biomarkers in newborn @entity519 ischemic animal models.

title: A New Technique for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid in XXXX Pups.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain damage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 73-year-old previously healthy @entity1 presented with recurrent weakness, @entity9468 and perioral paresthesia of 3 months' duration. Physical examination on admission was unremarkable and revealed a @entity1 in @entity558 . INVESTIGATIONS: Recurrent episodes of @entity4053 let us to proceed with a fasting test. The test was stopped after 24 hours when the @entity1 became @entity1163 and was found to have a blood sugar value of 2.2 mmol/l (accompanied by inadequately increased values for @entity2690 , insulin and C-peptide). Ultrasound and computertomography of the abdomen showed a huge inhomogeneous mass in the tail of @entity8 in the liver, respectively. Core needle biopsies revealed typical histopathological findings of a @entity3270 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: Eight cycles of chemotherapy were given using @entity3839 / @entity632 for three cycles and @entity3839 / @entity1487 for the remaining therapy over a period of 16 months resulting in a reduction in size of liver @entity3 and improvement of symptoms. Following 6 months without any therapy new episodes of severe @entity4053 and progression of the liver @entity3 occurred. Despite seven further cycles of chemotherapy and additional treatment with @entity6335 /octreotide the @entity1 remained hypoglycemic and continuous @entity413 infusions became necessary. Therefore, chemoembolization of the liver with @entity3839 / @entity1487 and @entity4831 -emulsion was performed. This resulted in a significant improvement of symptoms and the @entity1 could subsequently be discharged. The @entity1 died 4 months later. CONCLUSION: Chemoembolization is an effective possibility in the palliative treatment of advanced @entity5 .

title: [Recurrent XXXX caused by @entity5 as a therapeutic option].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncopal']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['fasting hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 73-year-old previously healthy @entity1 presented with recurrent weakness, @entity9468 and perioral paresthesia of 3 months' duration. Physical examination on admission was unremarkable and revealed a @entity1 in @entity558 . INVESTIGATIONS: Recurrent episodes of @entity4053 let us to proceed with a fasting test. The test was stopped after 24 hours when the @entity1 became @entity1163 and was found to have a blood sugar value of 2.2 mmol/l (accompanied by inadequately increased values for @entity2690 , insulin and C-peptide). Ultrasound and computertomography of the abdomen showed a huge inhomogeneous mass in the tail of @entity8 in the liver, respectively. Core needle biopsies revealed typical histopathological findings of a @entity3270 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: Eight cycles of chemotherapy were given using @entity3839 / @entity632 for three cycles and @entity3839 / @entity1487 for the remaining therapy over a period of 16 months resulting in a reduction in size of liver @entity3 and improvement of symptoms. Following 6 months without any therapy new episodes of severe @entity4053 and progression of the liver @entity3 occurred. Despite seven further cycles of chemotherapy and additional treatment with @entity6335 /octreotide the @entity1 remained hypoglycemic and continuous @entity413 infusions became necessary. Therefore, chemoembolization of the liver with @entity3839 / @entity1487 and @entity4831 -emulsion was performed. This resulted in a significant improvement of symptoms and the @entity1 could subsequently be discharged. The @entity1 died 4 months later. CONCLUSION: Chemoembolization is an effective possibility in the palliative treatment of advanced @entity5 .

title: [Recurrent @entity4053 caused by XXXX as a therapeutic option].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant insulinoma: chemoembolization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is a relatively common @entity706 arising in various tissues throughout the @entity1 body. Currently, there is no standard chemotherapy for advanced stage @entity1074 . This has prompted us to retrospectively analyse our experience with the MCP regimen ( @entity2664 , @entity5805 and @entity229 ) in @entity1 with @entity1074 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically verified @entity1074 undergoing chemotherapy with MCP were evaluated retrospectively. The MCP regimen consists of @entity2664 8 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 2, @entity5805 3 x 3 mg/m(2) per os (p.o.) on days 1-5 and @entity229 25 mg/m(2) p.o. on days 1-5. Information analysed included localisation of the @entity706 , clinical stage, pretreatment, number of chemotherapy cycles administered, @entity137 , response to treatment, follow-up time, relapse and survival. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 (six females and nine males aged between 34 and 88 years) with histologically ascertained @entity1074 undergoing treatment with the MCP regimen were identified from our records. Ten @entity1 had @entity706 , while five @entity1 suffered from @entity6595 . All @entity1 were chemotherapy-na  ve, while two had been locally irradiated before application of MCP for recurrent disease. A total of 74 cycles was administered to our @entity1 , with a median number of five cycles per @entity1 . Eight (53%) @entity1 achieved complete remission, six (40%) @entity1 partial response and only one (7%) @entity1 had progressive disease. Subjective tolerance was excellent, and @entity137 were mainly haematological, including @entity3028 World Health Organisation grade 3 and 4 in three @entity1 each. In two @entity1 , this was accompanied by single episodes of @entity281 . At the time of analysis, all @entity1 are still alive. No relapses have occurred after a median follow-up time of 16 (range 12-29) months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that MCP is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for treatment of @entity1 with @entity1074 irrespective of localisation. Judging from our data, MCP also appears to be a feasible regimen in elderly @entity1 .

title: Treatment of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( @entity1074 ) with XXXX , @entity5805 and @entity229 (MCP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'extragastric lymphoma', 'type of lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated herpes simplex infection']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is a relatively common @entity706 arising in various tissues throughout the @entity1 body. Currently, there is no standard chemotherapy for advanced stage @entity1074 . This has prompted us to retrospectively analyse our experience with the MCP regimen ( @entity2664 , @entity5805 and @entity229 ) in @entity1 with @entity1074 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically verified @entity1074 undergoing chemotherapy with MCP were evaluated retrospectively. The MCP regimen consists of @entity2664 8 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 2, @entity5805 3 x 3 mg/m(2) per os (p.o.) on days 1-5 and @entity229 25 mg/m(2) p.o. on days 1-5. Information analysed included localisation of the @entity706 , clinical stage, pretreatment, number of chemotherapy cycles administered, @entity137 , response to treatment, follow-up time, relapse and survival. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 (six females and nine males aged between 34 and 88 years) with histologically ascertained @entity1074 undergoing treatment with the MCP regimen were identified from our records. Ten @entity1 had @entity706 , while five @entity1 suffered from @entity6595 . All @entity1 were chemotherapy-na  ve, while two had been locally irradiated before application of MCP for recurrent disease. A total of 74 cycles was administered to our @entity1 , with a median number of five cycles per @entity1 . Eight (53%) @entity1 achieved complete remission, six (40%) @entity1 partial response and only one (7%) @entity1 had progressive disease. Subjective tolerance was excellent, and @entity137 were mainly haematological, including @entity3028 World Health Organisation grade 3 and 4 in three @entity1 each. In two @entity1 , this was accompanied by single episodes of @entity281 . At the time of analysis, all @entity1 are still alive. No relapses have occurred after a median follow-up time of 16 (range 12-29) months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that MCP is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for treatment of @entity1 with @entity1074 irrespective of localisation. Judging from our data, MCP also appears to be a feasible regimen in elderly @entity1 .

title: Treatment of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( @entity1074 ) with @entity2664 , @entity5805 and XXXX (MCP).

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is a relatively common @entity706 arising in various tissues throughout the @entity1 body. Currently, there is no standard chemotherapy for advanced stage @entity1074 . This has prompted us to retrospectively analyse our experience with the MCP regimen ( @entity2664 , @entity5805 and @entity229 ) in @entity1 with @entity1074 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically verified @entity1074 undergoing chemotherapy with MCP were evaluated retrospectively. The MCP regimen consists of @entity2664 8 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 2, @entity5805 3 x 3 mg/m(2) per os (p.o.) on days 1-5 and @entity229 25 mg/m(2) p.o. on days 1-5. Information analysed included localisation of the @entity706 , clinical stage, pretreatment, number of chemotherapy cycles administered, @entity137 , response to treatment, follow-up time, relapse and survival. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 (six females and nine males aged between 34 and 88 years) with histologically ascertained @entity1074 undergoing treatment with the MCP regimen were identified from our records. Ten @entity1 had @entity706 , while five @entity1 suffered from @entity6595 . All @entity1 were chemotherapy-na  ve, while two had been locally irradiated before application of MCP for recurrent disease. A total of 74 cycles was administered to our @entity1 , with a median number of five cycles per @entity1 . Eight (53%) @entity1 achieved complete remission, six (40%) @entity1 partial response and only one (7%) @entity1 had progressive disease. Subjective tolerance was excellent, and @entity137 were mainly haematological, including @entity3028 World Health Organisation grade 3 and 4 in three @entity1 each. In two @entity1 , this was accompanied by single episodes of @entity281 . At the time of analysis, all @entity1 are still alive. No relapses have occurred after a median follow-up time of 16 (range 12-29) months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that MCP is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for treatment of @entity1 with @entity1074 irrespective of localisation. Judging from our data, MCP also appears to be a feasible regimen in elderly @entity1 .

title: Treatment of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( @entity1074 ) with @entity2664 , XXXX and @entity229 (MCP).

answer: @entity5805 :: (MESH:D002699,Chemical) :: ['chlorambucil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is a relatively common @entity706 arising in various tissues throughout the @entity1 body. Currently, there is no standard chemotherapy for advanced stage @entity1074 . This has prompted us to retrospectively analyse our experience with the MCP regimen ( @entity2664 , @entity5805 and @entity229 ) in @entity1 with @entity1074 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically verified @entity1074 undergoing chemotherapy with MCP were evaluated retrospectively. The MCP regimen consists of @entity2664 8 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 2, @entity5805 3 x 3 mg/m(2) per os (p.o.) on days 1-5 and @entity229 25 mg/m(2) p.o. on days 1-5. Information analysed included localisation of the @entity706 , clinical stage, pretreatment, number of chemotherapy cycles administered, @entity137 , response to treatment, follow-up time, relapse and survival. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 (six females and nine males aged between 34 and 88 years) with histologically ascertained @entity1074 undergoing treatment with the MCP regimen were identified from our records. Ten @entity1 had @entity706 , while five @entity1 suffered from @entity6595 . All @entity1 were chemotherapy-na  ve, while two had been locally irradiated before application of MCP for recurrent disease. A total of 74 cycles was administered to our @entity1 , with a median number of five cycles per @entity1 . Eight (53%) @entity1 achieved complete remission, six (40%) @entity1 partial response and only one (7%) @entity1 had progressive disease. Subjective tolerance was excellent, and @entity137 were mainly haematological, including @entity3028 World Health Organisation grade 3 and 4 in three @entity1 each. In two @entity1 , this was accompanied by single episodes of @entity281 . At the time of analysis, all @entity1 are still alive. No relapses have occurred after a median follow-up time of 16 (range 12-29) months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that MCP is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for treatment of @entity1 with @entity1074 irrespective of localisation. Judging from our data, MCP also appears to be a feasible regimen in elderly @entity1 .

title: Treatment of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( XXXX ) with @entity2664 , @entity5805 and @entity229 (MCP).

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['MALT lymphoma']


abstract: PGs are regulators of a plethora of uterine functions during reproductive processes, including uterine contractility. In @entity291 uterus, the rate-limiting step in PG synthesis is catalyzed by the PG endoperoxide G/H synthase (PGHS) enzymes. It has previously been established that @entity39979 isoform expression is affected by the ruminant-specific interferon (IFN)-tau in @entity291 endometrial cells. Here, we show that @entity39979 mRNA and protein levels are induced by @entity32589 in primary cell cultures from @entity291 myometrium. Treatment with recombinant @entity291 @entity32589 induces the activation of the JAK-STAT and @entity28071 MAPK pathways in @entity291 myometrial cells. Inhibition of the @entity28071 pathway by the specific inhibitor @entity1441 strongly decreases @entity39979 mRNA and protein expression without affecting the phosphorylation and DNA-binding of transcription factors @entity2924 and @entity2925 . The @entity28071 pathway regulates @entity39979 expression at the posttranscriptional level, because the presence of @entity1441 results in the destabilization of @entity32589 -induced @entity39979 mRNA. Taken together, these data demonstrate the ability of @entity32589 to induce the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in a manner similar to other types of IFN (i.e. alpha, beta, and gamma) and to regulate @entity39979 mRNA stability through the activation of the @entity28071 pathway. These findings provide new insights into the physiological function of @entity32589 , in regard to regulation of specific genes associated with myometrial contractility.

title: Induction of PG G/H synthase-2 in @entity291 myometrial cells by interferon-tau requires the activation of the XXXX MAPK pathway.

answer: @entity28071 :: (534492(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: PGs are regulators of a plethora of uterine functions during reproductive processes, including uterine contractility. In @entity291 uterus, the rate-limiting step in PG synthesis is catalyzed by the PG endoperoxide G/H synthase (PGHS) enzymes. It has previously been established that @entity39979 isoform expression is affected by the ruminant-specific interferon (IFN)-tau in @entity291 endometrial cells. Here, we show that @entity39979 mRNA and protein levels are induced by @entity32589 in primary cell cultures from @entity291 myometrium. Treatment with recombinant @entity291 @entity32589 induces the activation of the JAK-STAT and @entity28071 MAPK pathways in @entity291 myometrial cells. Inhibition of the @entity28071 pathway by the specific inhibitor @entity1441 strongly decreases @entity39979 mRNA and protein expression without affecting the phosphorylation and DNA-binding of transcription factors @entity2924 and @entity2925 . The @entity28071 pathway regulates @entity39979 expression at the posttranscriptional level, because the presence of @entity1441 results in the destabilization of @entity32589 -induced @entity39979 mRNA. Taken together, these data demonstrate the ability of @entity32589 to induce the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in a manner similar to other types of IFN (i.e. alpha, beta, and gamma) and to regulate @entity39979 mRNA stability through the activation of the @entity28071 pathway. These findings provide new insights into the physiological function of @entity32589 , in regard to regulation of specific genes associated with myometrial contractility.

title: Induction of PG G/H synthase-2 in XXXX myometrial cells by interferon-tau requires the activation of the @entity28071 MAPK pathway.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of ear drops containing @entity1543 , @entity228 and @entity1543 , and @entity134 and antibiotic in @entity12088 in primary care. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 79 general practices, Netherlands. @entity1 : 213 adults with @entity12088 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:                 <AbstractText Label="PRIMARY OUTCOME" NlmCategory="METHODS">duration of symptoms (days) according to @entity1 diaries. Secondary outcome: cure rate according to general practitioner completed questionnaires and recurrence of symptoms between days 21 and 42. RESULTS: Symptoms lasted for a median of 8.0 days (95% confidence interval 7.0 to 9.0) in the @entity1543 group, 7.0 days (5.8 to 8.3) in the @entity134 and @entity1543 group, and 6.0 days (5.1 to 6.9) in the @entity134 and antibiotic group. The overall cure rates at seven, 14, and 21 days were 38%, 68%, and 75%, respectively. Compared with the @entity1543 group, significantly more @entity1 were cured in the @entity134 and @entity1543 group and @entity134 and antibiotic group at day 14 (odds ratio 2.4, 1.1 to 5.3, and 3.5, 1.6 to 7.7, respectively) and day 21 (5.3, 2.0 to 13.7, and 3.9, 1.7 to 9.1, respectively). Recurrence of symptoms between days 21 and 42 occurred in 29% (50/172) of @entity1 and was seen significantly less in the @entity134 and @entity1543 group (0.3, 0.1 to 0.7) and @entity134 and antibiotic group (0.4, 0.2 to 1.0) than in the @entity1543 group. CONCLUSIONS: Ear drops containing @entity288 are more effective than @entity1543 ear drops in the treatment of @entity12088 in primary care. @entity134 and @entity1543 or @entity134 and antibiotic ear drops are equally effective.

title: Clinical efficacy of three common treatments in XXXX in primary care: randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity12088 :: (MESH:D010032,Disease) :: ['acute otitis externa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was performed to determine the usefulness of triple-contrast helical CT in predicting peritoneal violation and the need for laparotomy in the treatment of penetrating torso @entity130 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Triple-contrast helical CT scans were obtained in 104 hemodynamically stable @entity1 with penetrating injuries to the torso (thoracoabdominal region including tangential wounds to the anterior abdomen, flank, back, and pelvis) over a 17-month period. The study group included 54 @entity1 with gunshot wounds and 50 with stab wounds. No @entity1 had a radiographic or clinical indication for immediate laparotomy. A positive finding on CT was defined as evidence of peritoneal violation or @entity1049 , major vessel, or urinary tract. @entity1 with a positive CT, except @entity1 with isolated @entity99 or free fluid, underwent laparotomy. @entity1 with a negative finding on CT were initially observed. RESULTS: CT studies were positive in 35 (34%) of 104 @entity1 and negative in 69 (66%) of 104 of @entity1 . Laparotomy was performed in 21 (60%) of 35 @entity1 with positive CT; 19 (86%) of 22 were therapeutic, two (9%) were nontherapeutic, and one (5%) was negative (no injury was found). Nine @entity1 with isolated @entity99 were successfully treated without laparotomy. Among @entity1 with a negative CT, 67 (97%) of 69 were treated nonoperatively with success. CT had 100% (19/19) sensitivity, 96% (69/72) specificity, 100% (69/69) negative predictive value, and 97% (101/104) accuracy in predicting the need for laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Triple-contrast helical CT can accurately predict the need for laparotomy and exclude peritoneal violation in penetrating torso @entity130 including tangential abdominal wounds.

title: Triple-contrast helical CT in penetrating torso XXXX : a prospective study to determine peritoneal violation and the need for laparotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the retroperitoneal colon']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injuries', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Persistent @entity1534 colonization in the stomach induces @entity3621 and peptic ulcer and interferes with @entity1066 . Most strains of @entity1534 produce a cytotoxin, VacA, that induces cytoplasmic vacuolation in epithelial cells with structural and functional changes, leading to @entity1819 . VacA is known to cause cell death by @entity2383 . We hypothesized that VacA might disrupt other signaling pathways; to that end, we examined the effects of VacA on MAPKs to elucidate their role in the abnormalities seen in VacA-treated cells. VacA stimulated phosphorylation of p38 and Erk1/2, but not JNK, in AZ-521 cells. Both phosphorylation and kinase activation of p38 were maximal 10-30 min after addition of VacA and declined thereafter. Treatment with anti-VacA antibody or the p38 inhibitor @entity1441 blocked p38 phosphorylation caused by VacA and inhibited VacA-induced phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2), which is implicated in transcriptional control of stress-responsive genes. These data indicate that VacA stimulates a p38/ATF-2-mediated signal pathway. However, 10 microM @entity1441 , which is sufficient to decrease p38 phosphorylation, did not inhibit VacA-induced cellular vacuolation, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, or cytochrome c release from mitochondria. These results suggest that VacA-induced activation of p38/ATF-2-mediated signal pathway is independent of cellular vacuolation, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, or cytochrome c release from mitochondria caused by VacA. The cytotoxin may thus act independently on several cellular targets, leading to disruption of signaling, regulatory, and metabolic pathways.

title: XXXX VacA activates the p38/activating transcription factor 2-mediated signal pathway in AZ-521 cells.

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric injury']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) provides superior information for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric @entity101 , but for reasons of practicality, clinic blood pressure measurements (CBP) are still the primary diagnostic tool. Regular @entity551 ( @entity551 ) may be an alternative to ABPM, but this technique awaits validation in practice. We analyzed the concordance of ABPM, CBP and @entity551 in 118 pediatric @entity1 (3-19 y) with @entity177 . @entity551 readings (10.5 +/- 5.4 per @entity1 ) were averaged for one week around the day of ABPM and CBP. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured by @entity551 (84.0 +/- 10 mm Hg) was significantly lower than both CBP (86.1 +/- 14.1 mm Hg, P< 0.05) and daytime ABPM (90.3 +/- 10.4 mm Hg, P< 0.05). @entity551 detected @entity101 @entity1 with greater specificity (82 versus 70%), but lower sensitivity (52 versus 70%) than CBP. The fraction of @entity1 rated erroneously @entity101 was 23% with CBP, but only 14% with @entity551 . The 95% limits of agreement with ABPM were narrower for @entity551 (-23 to10 mm Hg) than for CBP (-30 to 21 mm Hg). CBP, but not @entity551 measurements, were less precise in the upper BP range. The accuracy of @entity551 measurements did not change with use over a six months time period. In conclusion, @entity551 was superior to CBP in predicting ABPM, but neither CBP nor @entity551 detected @entity101 with enough sensitivity or specificity to replace ABPM. The greater specificity of @entity551 compared with CBP makes it a more suitable tool for diagnosis, rather than screening, of @entity101 in @entity1 .

title: Home, clinic, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['HBP', 'home blood pressure measurements']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) provides superior information for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric @entity101 , but for reasons of practicality, clinic blood pressure measurements (CBP) are still the primary diagnostic tool. Regular @entity551 ( @entity551 ) may be an alternative to ABPM, but this technique awaits validation in practice. We analyzed the concordance of ABPM, CBP and @entity551 in 118 pediatric @entity1 (3-19 y) with @entity177 . @entity551 readings (10.5 +/- 5.4 per @entity1 ) were averaged for one week around the day of ABPM and CBP. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured by @entity551 (84.0 +/- 10 mm Hg) was significantly lower than both CBP (86.1 +/- 14.1 mm Hg, P< 0.05) and daytime ABPM (90.3 +/- 10.4 mm Hg, P< 0.05). @entity551 detected @entity101 @entity1 with greater specificity (82 versus 70%), but lower sensitivity (52 versus 70%) than CBP. The fraction of @entity1 rated erroneously @entity101 was 23% with CBP, but only 14% with @entity551 . The 95% limits of agreement with ABPM were narrower for @entity551 (-23 to10 mm Hg) than for CBP (-30 to 21 mm Hg). CBP, but not @entity551 measurements, were less precise in the upper BP range. The accuracy of @entity551 measurements did not change with use over a six months time period. In conclusion, @entity551 was superior to CBP in predicting ABPM, but neither CBP nor @entity551 detected @entity101 with enough sensitivity or specificity to replace ABPM. The greater specificity of @entity551 compared with CBP makes it a more suitable tool for diagnosis, rather than screening, of @entity101 in @entity1 .

title: Home, clinic, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in XXXX with @entity177 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 is a common complication during anesthesia of bears, and it can be life threatening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of active cooling on core body temperature for treatment of @entity221 in anesthetized @entity16745 ( @entity16745 ). In addition, body temperature after reversal with @entity22571 was also evaluated. Twenty-five adult and subadult @entity16745 were captured with a combination of @entity25171 - @entity25170 and @entity4763 or @entity8998 . A core temperature capsule was inserted into the bears' stomach or 15 cm into their rectum or a combination of both. In six bears with gastric temperatures >= 40.0  C, an active cooling protocol was performed, and the temperature change over 30 min was analyzed. The cooling protocol consisted of enemas with 2 L of water at approximately 5  C/100 kg of body weight every 10 min, 1 L of intravenous fluids at ambient temperature, water or snow on the paws or the inguinal area, intranasal @entity26 supplementation, and removing the bear from direct sunlight or providing shade. Nine bears with body temperature >39.0  C that were not cooled served as control for the treated animals. Their body temperatures were recorded for 30 min, prior to administration of reversal. At the end of the anesthetic procedure, all bears received an intramuscular dose of @entity22571 . In 10 bears, deep rectal temperature change over 30 min after administration of @entity22571 was evaluated. The active cooling protocol used in hyperthermic bears significantly decreased their body temperatures within 10 min, and it produced a significantly greater decrease in their temperature than that recorded in the control group.

title: EFFECT OF ACTIVE COOLING AND a-2 ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISM ON CORE TEMPERATURE IN ANESTHETIZED XXXX ( @entity16745 ).

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity25170 :: ('MESH:D013992', 'Chemical') :: ['tiletamine']

entities_list: @entity25171 :: ('MESH:D015041', 'Chemical') :: ['zolazepam']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['medetomidine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity16745 :: ('9644', 'Species') :: ['brown bears', 'Ursus arctos']

entities_list: @entity22571 :: ('MESH:C050701', 'Chemical') :: ['atipamezole']

answer: @entity16745 :: (9644,Species) :: ['BROWN BEARS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 is a common complication during anesthesia of bears, and it can be life threatening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of active cooling on core body temperature for treatment of @entity221 in anesthetized @entity16745 ( @entity16745 ). In addition, body temperature after reversal with @entity22571 was also evaluated. Twenty-five adult and subadult @entity16745 were captured with a combination of @entity25171 - @entity25170 and @entity4763 or @entity8998 . A core temperature capsule was inserted into the bears' stomach or 15 cm into their rectum or a combination of both. In six bears with gastric temperatures >= 40.0  C, an active cooling protocol was performed, and the temperature change over 30 min was analyzed. The cooling protocol consisted of enemas with 2 L of water at approximately 5  C/100 kg of body weight every 10 min, 1 L of intravenous fluids at ambient temperature, water or snow on the paws or the inguinal area, intranasal @entity26 supplementation, and removing the bear from direct sunlight or providing shade. Nine bears with body temperature >39.0  C that were not cooled served as control for the treated animals. Their body temperatures were recorded for 30 min, prior to administration of reversal. At the end of the anesthetic procedure, all bears received an intramuscular dose of @entity22571 . In 10 bears, deep rectal temperature change over 30 min after administration of @entity22571 was evaluated. The active cooling protocol used in hyperthermic bears significantly decreased their body temperatures within 10 min, and it produced a significantly greater decrease in their temperature than that recorded in the control group.

title: EFFECT OF ACTIVE COOLING AND a-2 ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISM ON CORE TEMPERATURE IN ANESTHETIZED @entity16745 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity16745 :: (9644,Species) :: ['URSUS ARCTOS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To dissect the role of the apoptotic pathway and its regulation in the pathogenesis of @entity4810 in nonobstructive @entity3893 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Sixty-three @entity249 azoospermic @entity1 with different histologic phenotypes were recruited (obstructive @entity3893 , n = 16; @entity6660 , n = 11; maturation arrest, n = 15; Sertoli cell only, n = 21). INTERVENTION(S): Testicular biopsies for histopathologic and expression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, protein localization by immunohistochemistry and apoptotic proteome array. RESULT(S): Results showed significantly increased expression of proapoptotic proteins like @entity589 , BAD, and BAK and comparatively lowered expression of antiapoptotic @entity588 and @entity6577 . Immunostaining revealed increased active @entity522 activity and more TUNEL-positive cells in different impaired phenotypes as compared with normal. In addition, significantly increased m-RNA expression of @entity2533 , @entity876 , and @entity12 along with significant down-regulation of @entity7 were observed. Expression of phosphorylated @entity876 at the S15 position and phosphorylated @entity30774 at S635 was observed in cases with @entity73 at the translational level. CONCLUSION(S): The results clearly indicate increased levels of apoptosis along with its other regulatory factors. The balance between pro- ( @entity589 and BAK) and antiapoptotic ( @entity588 and @entity6577 ) genes was disturbed, which may lead to altered apoptosis. Therefore, altered regulation of apoptosis might be associated with impaired spermatogenesis, eventually leading to @entity4810 .

title: Dysregulation of apoptotic pathway candidate genes and proteins in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic impairment']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['hypospermatogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile azoospermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To dissect the role of the apoptotic pathway and its regulation in the pathogenesis of @entity4810 in nonobstructive @entity3893 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Sixty-three @entity249 azoospermic @entity1 with different histologic phenotypes were recruited (obstructive @entity3893 , n = 16; @entity6660 , n = 11; maturation arrest, n = 15; Sertoli cell only, n = 21). INTERVENTION(S): Testicular biopsies for histopathologic and expression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, protein localization by immunohistochemistry and apoptotic proteome array. RESULT(S): Results showed significantly increased expression of proapoptotic proteins like @entity589 , BAD, and BAK and comparatively lowered expression of antiapoptotic @entity588 and @entity6577 . Immunostaining revealed increased active @entity522 activity and more TUNEL-positive cells in different impaired phenotypes as compared with normal. In addition, significantly increased m-RNA expression of @entity2533 , @entity876 , and @entity12 along with significant down-regulation of @entity7 were observed. Expression of phosphorylated @entity876 at the S15 position and phosphorylated @entity30774 at S635 was observed in cases with @entity73 at the translational level. CONCLUSION(S): The results clearly indicate increased levels of apoptosis along with its other regulatory factors. The balance between pro- ( @entity589 and BAK) and antiapoptotic ( @entity588 and @entity6577 ) genes was disturbed, which may lead to altered apoptosis. Therefore, altered regulation of apoptosis might be associated with impaired spermatogenesis, eventually leading to @entity4810 .

title: Dysregulation of apoptotic pathway candidate genes and proteins in @entity249 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the morphologic changes following ultraviolet irradiation in the earliest stages of @entity320 is still lacking. METHODS: To investigate these changes, an in vitro system consisting of radial growth phase @entity320 cell lines ( @entity1 and WM3211) was established. Cells were irradiated with a single erythemogenic dose of UVB (10 mJ/cm2) and evaluated for morphologic changes. RESULTS: When compared with the non-irradiated cells, inverted light microscopy revealed increased cellular branching, cytoplasmic size, and multinucleation in the irradiated cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the features of increased metabolic activity ( @entity1373 of the mitochondria and Golgi) and those of ultrastructural atypia (pleomorphism of the nuclei and nucleoli, increased euchromatin, and nucleolar margination) in the irradiated cells. Moreover, UVB irradiation caused an increase in the apoptotic activity. These alterations were associated with up-regulation of @entity876 , @entity588 , and the second mismatch repair protein ( @entity4311 ), as revealed by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS: UVB irradiation can induce apoptosis, morphologic changes, and altered expression of @entity876 , @entity588 , and @entity4311 in radial growth phase @entity320 cell lines. Up-regulation of @entity876 , @entity588 , and @entity4311 suggests that these factors are involved in the altered balance between survival and apoptosis induced by UVB. Further investigation will be needed to determine if apoptosis and ultrastructural atypia reflect underlying DNA damage and genomic instability induced by UVB.

title: Morphological changes and apoptosis in radial growth phase XXXX cell lines following ultraviolet-B irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Wistar melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Next generation theranostic devices will rely on the smart integration of different functional moieties into one system. These individual chemical elements will have a variety of desired chemical and physical properties and will need to behave in a multifunctional manner. Researchers have used upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a basis for superior imaging probes to locate cancerous lesions. The features of these nanoparticles, such as large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emission bands, long-lived luminescence, and high resistance to photobleaching, have produced versatile probes. One way to improve these probes is to add a layer of dense or mesoporous @entity3440 to the outer surface of UCNPs (UCNP@ @entity3758 ). These modified UCNPs are chemically stable and much less cytotoxic than the original UCNPs. In addition, their surface can be easily modified to introduce various functional groups (e.g., - @entity2733 , - @entity1473 , -SH) via silanization, which facilitates conjugations with various biological molecules for multimodal imaging or synergetic therapeutics. This versatility makes UCNP@ @entity3758 particles excellent platforms for the construction of efficient theranostics. In this Account, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent progress in the development of UCNP@ @entity3758 nanocomposites for theranostics in the hope of speeding their translation into the clinic. We first discuss the major design principles and protocols for engineering various nanocomposites based on UCNP@ @entity3758 structures including those coated with dense @entity3440 , mesoporous @entity3440 , or hollow mesoporous @entity3440 . Next we summarize several representative efforts that probe the relaxivity mechanisms of these nanostructures as a way to optimize magnetic resonance sensitivity, multimode @entity5 imaging, near-infrared light-triggered chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and synergetic therapy (the combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy, thermotherapy, or photodynamic therapy) using UCNP@ @entity3758 -based theranostics. By rational integration of a wide range of features that convey multiple functions (such as imaging and therapy) into the structure or onto the surfaces of UCNP@ @entity3758 , the constructed theranostics show promise for multimodal @entity5 imaging, biosensing, and effective @entity5 therapy. Finally, we discuss the limitations of UCNP@ @entity3758 nanostructures, the difficulties in the design of smart theranostics, and their potential role in clinical @entity5 research.

title: XXXX Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles: A Versatile Platform for the Development of Efficient Theranostics.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['Silica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if an integrin-retargeted adenoviral vector could establish a more efficient and @entity5 -specific gene transfer in @entity418 cells. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although preclinical data indicated that adenoviral gene therapy could be a promising novel treatment modality for @entity5 , clinical results are often disappointing. An important problem is the decreased tumoral expression of the Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which mediates adenoviral entry. Retargeting the adenoviral vector to other cellular receptors, by inserting an @entity369 - @entity2228 - @entity492 (RGD) tripeptide in the fiber knob, might overcome this problem. METHODS: Four @entity418 cell lines and 10 fresh surgical resection specimens were cultured. All were infected with the native adenovirus (Ad) and the retargeted adenovirus (AdRGD), encoding for the reporter genes luciferase or Green Fluorescent Protein to analyze gene transfer efficiency. RESULTS: In all cell lines, an increase in viral expression per cell and an increase in the percentage of transduced cells were seen with the retargeted adenovirus. Also, in the primary cultures of @entity189 cells, a more efficient gene transfer was seen when the retargeted vector was used. This phenomenon was less pronounced in normal cells, indicating that the RGD virus transduces @entity5 cells more efficiently than normal cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that an RGD retargeted @entity9504 @entity1 @entity418 cells with enhanced efficiency, while in normal esophageal cells this effect is less pronounced. Therefore, this retargeted vector is expected to have a better performance in vivo, when compared with nonretargeted vectors used for @entity5 gene therapy so far.

title: A genetically retargeted adenoviral vector enhances viral transduction in XXXX cell lines and primary cultured esophageal resection specimens.

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infects']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'various malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: The efficacy of antihistamines in the treatment of @entity2023 and @entity110 is compared. In treating @entity2023 , the new second- and third-generation antihistamines have multiple advantages including rapid onset of action, extended duration of action, and efficacy for nearly all the symptoms that are produced by allergen sensitization. These include non-nasal and nasal symptoms. These agents are generally nonsedating and can be administered either once or twice daily. There is minimal potentiation for @entity1162 , and they are safe and effective as first-line therapies for @entity2023 . They are especially effective when combined with topical corticosteroids in reducing the whole constellation of symptomatology of @entity2023 . The treatment of chronic idiopathic @entity110 should include second- and third-generation antihistamines as primary therapy. Additional therapy may include H2 antagonists, @entity16206 -decongestant combinations, tricyclic antidepressants such as @entity11886 , and beta-adrenergic agonists including @entity3045 and @entity1425 for acute @entity113 . Corticosteroids may be required to treat significant exacerbations of chronic @entity110 and/or to break a long-standing cycle of @entity110 . Miscellaneous therapeutic agents include leukotriene antagonists combined with H1, H2 antagonists, @entity460 channel antagonists, plasmapheresis, cyclosporin and @entity1499 .

title: The evolution of pharmacotherapy for rhinitis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTC prolongation']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The @entity16017 variant in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 gene ( @entity16014 ), a modulator of the immune response of microglia, is a strong genetic risk factor for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and possibly other @entity179 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate a large family with late-onset @entity195 (LOAD), in which @entity16017 cosegregated with 75% of cases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This study includes genetic and pathologic studies of families with LOAD from 1985 to 2014. A total of 131 families with LOAD (751 individuals) were included from the University of Washington @entity195 Research Center. To identify LOAD genes/risk factors in the LOAD123 family with 21 affected members and 12 autopsies, we sequenced 4 exomes. Candidate variants were tested for cosegregation with the disease. @entity16014 @entity16017 was genotyped in an additional 130 families with LOAD. We performed clinical and neuropathological assessments of @entity1 with and without @entity16017 and evaluated the variant's effect on brain pathology, cellular morphology, and expression of microglial markers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We assessed the effect of @entity16014 genotype on age at onset and disease duration. We compared Braak and Consortium to Establish a Registry for @entity195 scores, presence of a-synuclein and @entity529 aggregates, and additional vascular or Parkinson pathology in @entity16014 @entity16017 carriers vs noncarriers. Microglial activation was assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry and morphometry. RESULTS: Twelve of 16 @entity1 with @entity195 in the LOAD123 family carried @entity16017 . Eleven @entity1 with @entity303 had @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) and @entity16017 genotypes. We also found a rare missense variant, @entity70667 , in a nominated @entity195 risk gene, @entity70668 ( @entity70668 ), in 5 affected individuals in the LOAD123 family. @entity16017 carriers demonstrated a shortened disease duration (mean [SD], 6.7 [2.8] vs 11.1 [6.6] years; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .04) and more frequent a-synucleinopathy. The panmicroglial marker ionized @entity460 -binding adapter molecule 1 was decreased in all @entity195 cases and the decrease was most pronounced in @entity16017 carriers (mean [SD], in the hilus: 0.114 [0.13] for @entity16017 _AD vs 0.574 [0.26] for control individuals; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .005 and vs 0.465 [0.32] for @entity195 ; P   =   .02; in frontal cortex gray matter: 0.006 [0.004] for @entity16017 _AD vs 0.016 [0.01] for @entity195 ; P   =   .04 and vs 0.033 [0.013] for control individuals; P   <   .001). Major histocompatibility complex class II, a marker of microglial activation, was increased in all @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 , @entity16017 _AD: 2.7, and control: 1.0; P   <   .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our results demonstrate a complex genetic landscape of LOAD, even in a single pedigree with an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. @entity2204 , @entity16014 @entity16017 , and rare variants in other genes, such as @entity70668 @entity70667 , are likely responsible for the notable occurrence of @entity195 in this family. Our findings support the role of the @entity16014 receptor in microglial clearance of aggregation-prone proteins that is compromised in @entity16017 carriers and may accelerate the course of disease.

title: R47H Variant of XXXX Associated With @entity195 in a Large Late-Onset Family: Clinical, Genetic, and Neuropathological Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity16017 :: ('p|SUB|R|47|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R47H']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E 4', 'ApoE4']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Disease', 'AD', "Alzheimer's Disease", 'Alzheimer disease', 'AD: 2.5']

entities_list: @entity529 :: ('23435', 'Gene') :: ['TAR DNA-binding protein 43']

answer: @entity16014 :: (54209,Gene) :: ['TREM2']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The @entity16017 variant in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 gene ( @entity16014 ), a modulator of the immune response of microglia, is a strong genetic risk factor for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and possibly other @entity179 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate a large family with late-onset @entity195 (LOAD), in which @entity16017 cosegregated with 75% of cases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This study includes genetic and pathologic studies of families with LOAD from 1985 to 2014. A total of 131 families with LOAD (751 individuals) were included from the University of Washington @entity195 Research Center. To identify LOAD genes/risk factors in the LOAD123 family with 21 affected members and 12 autopsies, we sequenced 4 exomes. Candidate variants were tested for cosegregation with the disease. @entity16014 @entity16017 was genotyped in an additional 130 families with LOAD. We performed clinical and neuropathological assessments of @entity1 with and without @entity16017 and evaluated the variant's effect on brain pathology, cellular morphology, and expression of microglial markers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We assessed the effect of @entity16014 genotype on age at onset and disease duration. We compared Braak and Consortium to Establish a Registry for @entity195 scores, presence of a-synuclein and @entity529 aggregates, and additional vascular or Parkinson pathology in @entity16014 @entity16017 carriers vs noncarriers. Microglial activation was assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry and morphometry. RESULTS: Twelve of 16 @entity1 with @entity195 in the LOAD123 family carried @entity16017 . Eleven @entity1 with @entity303 had @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) and @entity16017 genotypes. We also found a rare missense variant, @entity70667 , in a nominated @entity195 risk gene, @entity70668 ( @entity70668 ), in 5 affected individuals in the LOAD123 family. @entity16017 carriers demonstrated a shortened disease duration (mean [SD], 6.7 [2.8] vs 11.1 [6.6] years; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .04) and more frequent a-synucleinopathy. The panmicroglial marker ionized @entity460 -binding adapter molecule 1 was decreased in all @entity195 cases and the decrease was most pronounced in @entity16017 carriers (mean [SD], in the hilus: 0.114 [0.13] for @entity16017 _AD vs 0.574 [0.26] for control individuals; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .005 and vs 0.465 [0.32] for @entity195 ; P   =   .02; in frontal cortex gray matter: 0.006 [0.004] for @entity16017 _AD vs 0.016 [0.01] for @entity195 ; P   =   .04 and vs 0.033 [0.013] for control individuals; P   <   .001). Major histocompatibility complex class II, a marker of microglial activation, was increased in all @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 , @entity16017 _AD: 2.7, and control: 1.0; P   <   .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our results demonstrate a complex genetic landscape of LOAD, even in a single pedigree with an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. @entity2204 , @entity16014 @entity16017 , and rare variants in other genes, such as @entity70668 @entity70667 , are likely responsible for the notable occurrence of @entity195 in this family. Our findings support the role of the @entity16014 receptor in microglial clearance of aggregation-prone proteins that is compromised in @entity16017 carriers and may accelerate the course of disease.

title: R47H Variant of @entity16014 Associated With XXXX in a Large Late-Onset Family: Clinical, Genetic, and Neuropathological Study.

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer Disease']


abstract: Aromatase expression has been described in stromal cells of @entity46 , @entity1870 and @entity1204 . We analyzed aromatase expression in a series of 23 low-grade @entity6019 . Archival formalin-fixed and @entity982 -embedded material was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Aromatase expression was evaluated with a monoclonal and a polyclonal antibody using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. A score was calculated based on the percentage of positive @entity5 cells and the staining intensity. Aromatase was seen in 19 (83%) of 23 @entity5 with monoclonal antibody and 20 (87%) of 23 @entity5 with polyclonal antibody. Aromatase expression using the monoclonal antibody was scored as high in five (22%), moderate in nine (39%) and low in five (22%) @entity5 . Four (17%) low-grade @entity6019 did not stain for aromatase. Aromatase expression with the polyclonal antibody was scored as high in seven (31%), moderate in four (17%) and low in nine (39%) @entity5 . Three (13%) low-grade @entity6019 did not stain for aromatase. Little or no aromatase expression tended to correlate with stage I disease, while higher scores were more frequently associated with @entity1442 . Our results demonstrate that most low-grade @entity6019 express aromatase. The staining pattern, however, is heterogeneous. The high percentage of aromatase positivity in low-grade @entity6019 may have implications in the management of these @entity5 and offer new treatment modalities such as hormonal therapy with aromatase inhibitors.

title: Aromatase expression in low-grade XXXX : an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity6019 :: (MESH:D018203,Disease) :: ['endometrial stromal sarcomas']


abstract: @entity6732 are biologically aggressive @entity5 with extensive local invasion and high mortality. Although various markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis have correlated with degrees of @entity5 differentiation @entity2 , they have not been systematically studied in thymic @entity5 . We immunostained 21 cases of thymic @entity5 for @entity876 , @entity1758 , and the apoptosis-related markers @entity588 , @entity1836 , and @entity589 . By histological classification the cases were low-grade (nine cases), intermediate-grade (eight cases), and high-grade (four cases) thymic @entity5 . @entity876 was expressed in five cases: 1/9 low grade, 3/8 intermediate grade, and 2/4 high grade. The mean cellular proliferation ( @entity1758 ) was 7.1% (range 2-12%) in @entity6732 , 6.1% (range 2-15%) in intermediate-grade thymic @entity5 , and 34.2% (range 2-80%) in high-grade thymic @entity5 . @entity588 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 5/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. @entity1836 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 6/8 intermediate grade, and 3/4 high grade. @entity589 was expressed in 13 cases: 5/9 low grade, 4/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. The presence of mutant @entity876 in the @entity5 was associated with a statistically significant decreased mean survival (P<0.05). In contrast, either by positive or negative staining or by the score technique (staining intensity x percentage of cells staining), the presence of @entity1836 was associated with an increased mean survival (P<0.05). Finally, a @entity1836 : @entity589 ratio >or=1 was also associated with an increased mean survival, as compared to a @entity1836 : @entity589 ratio >or=1 (P<0.05). Our study shows that @entity876 expression and certain apoptosis markers correlate with survival. The expression of these markers may account for differences in biological behavior.

title: @entity876 , cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors', 'Thymic neuroendocrine tumors']

answer: @entity6732 :: (MESH:D013953,Disease) :: ['factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: @entity6732 are biologically aggressive @entity5 with extensive local invasion and high mortality. Although various markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis have correlated with degrees of @entity5 differentiation @entity2 , they have not been systematically studied in thymic @entity5 . We immunostained 21 cases of thymic @entity5 for @entity876 , @entity1758 , and the apoptosis-related markers @entity588 , @entity1836 , and @entity589 . By histological classification the cases were low-grade (nine cases), intermediate-grade (eight cases), and high-grade (four cases) thymic @entity5 . @entity876 was expressed in five cases: 1/9 low grade, 3/8 intermediate grade, and 2/4 high grade. The mean cellular proliferation ( @entity1758 ) was 7.1% (range 2-12%) in @entity6732 , 6.1% (range 2-15%) in intermediate-grade thymic @entity5 , and 34.2% (range 2-80%) in high-grade thymic @entity5 . @entity588 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 5/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. @entity1836 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 6/8 intermediate grade, and 3/4 high grade. @entity589 was expressed in 13 cases: 5/9 low grade, 4/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. The presence of mutant @entity876 in the @entity5 was associated with a statistically significant decreased mean survival (P<0.05). In contrast, either by positive or negative staining or by the score technique (staining intensity x percentage of cells staining), the presence of @entity1836 was associated with an increased mean survival (P<0.05). Finally, a @entity1836 : @entity589 ratio >or=1 was also associated with an increased mean survival, as compared to a @entity1836 : @entity589 ratio >or=1 (P<0.05). Our study shows that @entity876 expression and certain apoptosis markers correlate with survival. The expression of these markers may account for differences in biological behavior.

title: XXXX , cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related @entity6732 .

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: This study assessed the effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on hypertonic saline-induced @entity1224 . A total of 29 @entity1 with @entity1030 (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 42+/-4% predicted) received either 10 mg montelukast and 3 h later placebo via @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) (M), or placebo and 3 h later 200 microg @entity3045 (S), or two doses of placebo (P), in a randomised order. @entity1 inhaled @entity3045 1 h after @entity4185 and the challenge was performed 15 min later (3% saline, 5 min). Data are given as per cent changes versus baseline. Compared to P, S caused significant bronchodilation in FEV1 (7.3%) and forced inspiratory volume in one second (FIV1) (4.5%), and M in FIV1 (1.5%). The saline-induced fall in FEV1 was lower after M (-5.8%), compared with S (-10.3%) and P (-13.1%). FEV1 (11.3%) and FIV1 (7.6%) was improved over baseline after recovery by M but not P and S. Recovery times regarding FEV1 (8.5 min) and FIV1 (15.2 min) were shortest after M, respective values for S being 16.8 and 20.4 min, and for P 15.9 and 21.2 min. Effects were strongest in @entity1 with low baseline FEV1 and/or inhaled corticosteroids. Data from this study indicate beneficial effects of montelukast on hypertonic saline-induced airway responses in @entity1 with @entity1030 , particularly those with severe disease. The major effect was an accelerated recovery leading to values above baseline.

title: Montelukast attenuates the airway response to hypertonic saline in moderate-to-severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered-dose inhaler']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: @entity1751 is a @entity102 with a major impact on the quality of life. Therapeutic options were long restricted to local disinfectants and systemic antibiotics, as well as repeated incision and drainage which produce only short term benefits. @entity4878 , antiandrogens and radiation therapy are only partially successful. The best approach appears to be surgical removal of the entire apocrine sweat gland apparatus. @entity3761 is used in dermatology to treat inflammatory dermatoses such as @entity14086 and @entity6794 , and was formerly the treatment of choice for @entity5477 . We report its successful use in @entity1751 . Five female @entity1 aged 23-40 years with @entity1751 for a mean of 9.6 years were included. All @entity1 showed an almost complete resolution of their symptoms within 2-4 weeks. All @entity1 rated the treatment results with @entity3761 as good or very good. The treatment was well tolerated and no important side effects occurred. Because of its lack of teratogenicity, @entity3761 may be the most favorable treatment option in young @entity1 with @entity1751 .

title: [ @entity1751 : a XXXX -sensitive dermatosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3761 :: ('MESH:D003622', 'Chemical') :: ['dapsone', 'Dapsone']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne conglobata']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['Acne inversa', 'acne inversa']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']

entities_list: @entity14086 :: ('MESH:D003874', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis herpetiformis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity3761 :: (MESH:D003622,Chemical) :: ['dapsone']


abstract: @entity1751 is a @entity102 with a major impact on the quality of life. Therapeutic options were long restricted to local disinfectants and systemic antibiotics, as well as repeated incision and drainage which produce only short term benefits. @entity4878 , antiandrogens and radiation therapy are only partially successful. The best approach appears to be surgical removal of the entire apocrine sweat gland apparatus. @entity3761 is used in dermatology to treat inflammatory dermatoses such as @entity14086 and @entity6794 , and was formerly the treatment of choice for @entity5477 . We report its successful use in @entity1751 . Five female @entity1 aged 23-40 years with @entity1751 for a mean of 9.6 years were included. All @entity1 showed an almost complete resolution of their symptoms within 2-4 weeks. All @entity1 rated the treatment results with @entity3761 as good or very good. The treatment was well tolerated and no important side effects occurred. Because of its lack of teratogenicity, @entity3761 may be the most favorable treatment option in young @entity1 with @entity1751 .

title: [ XXXX : a @entity3761 -sensitive dermatosis].

answer: @entity1751 :: (MESH:D017497,Disease) :: ['Acne inversa']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present an update of a previously reported Late Effects Study Group cohort of 1,380 @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) diagnosed between 1955 and 1986 in @entity1 aged 16 years or younger. We describe the pattern and incidence of subsequent @entity5 (SNs) occurring with extended follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: Median age at diagnosis of @entity978 was 11.7 years (range, 0.3 to 16.9 years) and at last follow-up was 27.8 years. Median length of follow-up was 17.0 years. RESULTS: An additional 103 SNs were ascertained (total SNs = 212). The cohort was at an 18.5-fold increased risk of developing SNs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio [ @entity259 ], 18.5, 95% CI, 15.6 to 21.7). The cumulative incidence of any second @entity5 was 10.6% at 20 years, increasing to 26.3% at 30 years; and of solid @entity5 was 7.3% at 20 years, increasing to 23.5% at 30 years. @entity0 was the most common solid @entity5 ( @entity259 , 56.7). Other commonly occurring @entity259 ( @entity259 , 36.4), @entity3478 ( @entity259 , 37.1), and colorectal ( @entity259 , 36.4), lung ( @entity259 , 27.3), and @entity356 ( @entity259 , 63.9). Risk factors for solid @entity5 included young age at @entity978 and radiation-based therapy. Thirty-two @entity1 developed third @entity5 , with the cumulative incidence approaching 21% at 10 years from diagnosis of second @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Additional follow-up of this large cohort of @entity978 survivors documents an increasing occurrence of known radiation-associated solid @entity5 , ( @entity0 ), as well as emergence of @entity2785 common in adults, ( @entity2 ) at a younger age than expected in the general population, necessitating ongoing surveillance of this high risk population.

title: High risk of subsequent @entity5 continues with extended follow-up of childhood XXXX : report from the Late Effects Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast and thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['colon and lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['solid malignancies included thyroid cancer', 'SIR']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present an update of a previously reported Late Effects Study Group cohort of 1,380 @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) diagnosed between 1955 and 1986 in @entity1 aged 16 years or younger. We describe the pattern and incidence of subsequent @entity5 (SNs) occurring with extended follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: Median age at diagnosis of @entity978 was 11.7 years (range, 0.3 to 16.9 years) and at last follow-up was 27.8 years. Median length of follow-up was 17.0 years. RESULTS: An additional 103 SNs were ascertained (total SNs = 212). The cohort was at an 18.5-fold increased risk of developing SNs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio [ @entity259 ], 18.5, 95% CI, 15.6 to 21.7). The cumulative incidence of any second @entity5 was 10.6% at 20 years, increasing to 26.3% at 30 years; and of solid @entity5 was 7.3% at 20 years, increasing to 23.5% at 30 years. @entity0 was the most common solid @entity5 ( @entity259 , 56.7). Other commonly occurring @entity259 ( @entity259 , 36.4), @entity3478 ( @entity259 , 37.1), and colorectal ( @entity259 , 36.4), lung ( @entity259 , 27.3), and @entity356 ( @entity259 , 63.9). Risk factors for solid @entity5 included young age at @entity978 and radiation-based therapy. Thirty-two @entity1 developed third @entity5 , with the cumulative incidence approaching 21% at 10 years from diagnosis of second @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Additional follow-up of this large cohort of @entity978 survivors documents an increasing occurrence of known radiation-associated solid @entity5 , ( @entity0 ), as well as emergence of @entity2785 common in adults, ( @entity2 ) at a younger age than expected in the general population, necessitating ongoing surveillance of this high risk population.

title: High risk of subsequent XXXX continues with extended follow-up of childhood @entity978 : report from the Late Effects Study Group.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of intra-medullary @entity4890 . METHODS: Ten intramedullary epidermoid cysts were confirmed by operatively and pathologically from 1978 to 1995. RESULTS: The @entity5 were located in the spinal cord. Clinical presentation of this @entity5 was not specific. On CT scans, eight @entity5 were characterized by a homogenous low-density lesion and well-defined limits. They usually did not enhance with contrast medium. On MR imaging, four @entity5 were characterized by an important variability of signal intensity, well-defined limits. All @entity1 underwent resections of @entity4890 , 1 total resection, and 9 subtotal resections. Eight cases were followed up from half a year to seven years. No case recurred. CONCLUSION: Total resection of @entity4890 is the best choice.

title: [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of intramedullary XXXX of the spinal cord].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4890 :: (MESH:D004814,Disease) :: ['epidermoid cyst']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present pilot, registry study was an assessment in a supplement study of FlexiQule (standardized Boswellia extract) capsules in the supplementary management of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ) also treated with the "standard management" (SM) in comparison with a group of @entity1 only managed with SM. METHODS: This 4-week study included @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity4040 (X-ray). Registry subjects were able to perform a treadmill walking test and to understand questions from the WOMAC questionnaire. Exclusion criteria were conditions requiring drug treatment, Body Mass Index >25, @entity209 , surgery within three months prior to inclusion, oncological condition or inability to walk. RESULTS: Twenty-seven registry subjects using the supplement+SM and 28 using only SM completed the registry; at inclusion, the two groups were comparable including Karnofsky scale, WOMAC Score and the Treadmill Test. Of the subjects completing the registry 24 preferred to use the combination SM and the supplement. Safety evaluation: no problems - indicating the suspension of the supplementation   - were observed. Routine blood tests were normal at inclusion and did not significantly vary at 4 weeks. The Karnofski Scale at 4 weeks was improved in both groups: from 74.3;3.1 to 88.9;5.3 (P<0.05) in the Boswellia group in comparison with a variation from 75.3;5.2 to 79.4;3.3 (P<0.05) in the SM. The effects of the supplement were significantly higher (P<0.05). The WOMAC Score was decreased significantly more in the supplement+SM group in comparison with controls considering @entity158 , @entity2693 and physical functions (P<0.05). Social/emotional functions improved better with the supplement (P<0.05). Both groups improved their walking distance at 4 weeks. The improvement was higher (P<0.05) in the Boswellia group. The need for other drugs or tests during the registry period was reduced more in the supplement group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The difference between SM and the supplementation associated to SM was significant) in favor of the supplementation with Boswellia for all target measurements evaluated in the registry at 4 weeks.

title: FlexiQule (Boswellia extract) in the supplementary management of XXXX : a supplement registry.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity1501 receptor alpha ( @entity5742 ) has been described as a factor involved in mediating Ebola virus entry into cells (6). Furthermore, it was suggested that interaction with @entity5742 results in internalization and subsequent viral ingress into the cytoplasm via caveolae (9). Descriptions of cellular receptors for Ebola virus and its entry mechanisms are of fundamental importance, particularly with the advent of vectors bearing Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) being utilized for gene transfer into cell types such as airway epithelial cells. Thus, the ability of @entity5742 to mediate efficient entry of viral pseudotypes carrying GP was investigated. We identified cell lines and primary cell types such as macrophages that were readily infected by GP pseudotypes despite lacking detectable surface @entity5742 , indicating that this receptor is not essential for @entity2598 . Furthermore, we find that T-cell lines stably expressing @entity5742 are not infectible, suggesting that @entity5742 is also not sufficient to mediate entry. T-cell lines lack caveolae, the predominant route of @entity5742 -mediated @entity1501 metabolism. However, the coexpression of @entity5742 with @entity5689 , the major structural protein of caveolae, was not able to rescue infectivity in a T-cell line. In addition, other cell types lacking caveolae are fully infectible by GP pseudotypes. Finally, a panel of ligands to and soluble analogues of @entity5742 were unable to inhibit infection on a range of cell lines, questioning the role of @entity5742 as an important factor for Ebola virus entry.

title: XXXX receptor alpha and caveolae are not required for Ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated viral infection.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola virus infection']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['Folate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction chemotherapy with @entity900 plus @entity1487 followed by radiotherapy is the standard alternative to total laryngectomy for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . The value of adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy and the optimal timing of chemotherapy are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 of the larynx to one of three treatments: induction @entity900 plus @entity1487 followed by radiotherapy, radiotherapy with concurrent administration of @entity900 , or radiotherapy alone. The primary end point was preservation of the larynx. RESULTS: A total of 547 @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups. The median follow-up period was 3.8 years. At two years, the proportion of @entity1 who had an intact larynx after radiotherapy with concurrent @entity900 (88 percent) differed significantly from the proportions in the groups given induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (75 percent, P=0.005) or radiotherapy alone (70 percent, P<0.001). The rate of locoregional control was also significantly better with radiotherapy and concurrent @entity900 (78 percent, vs. 61 percent with induction @entity900 plus @entity1487 followed by radiotherapy and 56 percent with radiotherapy alone). Both of the chemotherapy-based regimens suppressed distant metastases and resulted in better disease-free survival than radiotherapy alone. However, overall survival rates were similar in all three groups. The rate of high-grade toxic effects was greater with the chemotherapy-based regimens (81 percent with induction @entity900 plus @entity1487 followed by radiotherapy and 82 percent with radiotherapy with concurrent @entity900 , vs. 61 percent with radiotherapy alone). The @entity137 of concurrent radiotherapy and @entity900 was nearly twice as frequent as the @entity137 of the other two treatments during radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity5 , radiotherapy with concurrent administration of @entity900 is superior to induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone for laryngeal preservation and locoregional control.

title: Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for organ preservation in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of @entity39 allows better management of the disease. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard for detecting @entity39 is expensive. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was to evaluate for the first time whether blood @entity413 estimation on hospital admission--a simple, cheap, readily available laboratory parameter--may detect @entity39 and have prognostic value in acute @entity788 . METHODS: Single blood @entity413 estimation upon hospital admission was evaluated prospectively for detecting @entity39 and as a prognostic indicator. The study included 241 nondiabetic @entity1 with a first attack of acute @entity788 . All underwent CT within 72 h of admission. RESULTS: High blood @entity413 (> 125 mg/dl) correlated significantly with complex high clinical and biochemical prognostic scores (Ranson, Imrie), a high Balthazar score, @entity9007 , and a long hospital stay, but not with organ failure, indication for artificial ventilation, dialysis, surgery, length of intensive care, and mortality. @entity39 detection sensitivity of high blood @entity413 was 83%, specificity 49%, positive predictive value 28%, and negative predictive value 92%. CONCLUSION: A @entity1 with normal blood @entity413 on admission is unlikely to have @entity39 . Contrast-enhanced CT would not be needed unless the @entity1 fails to improve.

title: Has blood @entity413 level measured on admission to hospital in a @entity1 with acute XXXX any prognostic value?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis', 'Pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']