abstract: Previous studies have found that taking formulated herb drugs may reduce the serum @entity701 level which may result in an @entity1887 . We suspect that this effect is induced by corticosteroids artificially mixed in formulated herb drugs. The objectives of this study were to determine the time course of serum @entity701 and plasma @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) levels, and whether pituitary-adrenal function recovers after quitting formulated herb drugs for a period of one year. Forty eight subjects with an initial serum @entity701 level smaller than 10.7 micrograms/dL due to the intake of formulated herb drugs were recruited. They were tested for serum @entity701 and plasma @entity4545 levels at 08:00 6, 9 and 12 months after quitting formulated herb drugs, respectively. The diagnosis of @entity1887 was confirmed by an @entity4545 test at 9 months and 12 months after quitting the formulated herb drugs. The follow-up rates ranged from 63% to 71%. The 08:00 serum @entity701 levels at the initial test, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months were 4.4 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dL, 6.6 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dL, 6.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dL, 6.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dL, respectively, (interpersonal p = 0.0001, intrapersonal p = 0.0004, repeated measures ANOVA test.) The 08:00 plasma @entity4545 levels at the initial test, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months were 33.8 +/- 6.4 pg/mL, 67.6 +/- 16.8 pg/mL, 21.0 +/- 3.2 pg/mL, 16.3 +/- 2.2 pg/mL, respectively (interpersonal P = 0.0001, intrapersonal P = 0.0003, repeated measures ANOVA test.) The statistical significance was the same after logarithmic transformation of the @entity4545 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [One year follow-up study of the recovery of XXXX induced by formulated herb drugs].

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials An IgA paraprotein with anti- @entity556 activity was not associated with a severe @entity548 phenotype. This observation challenges the paradigm that anticoagulant therapy necessarily increases @entity548 risk. Characterization of the antibody showed that it specifically binds to @entity556 exosite I. A therapeutic drug with the properties of this antibody might be an antithrombotic that doesn't cause @entity548 . SUMMARY: Background We report the case of a 54-year-old female who presented with a @entity548 . Coagulation tests were markedly prolonged due to the presence of an anti- @entity556 IgA paraprotein at 3 g L(-1) . The @entity1 made a complete recovery and has had no @entity548 during a 7-year follow-up, despite the persistence of the paraprotein. Objectives To determine how the paraprotein prolonged clotting tests by defining its target and its epitope. Methods The paraprotein was purified and added to normal pooled plasma for in vitro clotting assays. Binding studies were conducted to determine the affinity of the IgA for @entity556 . The @entity1334 was isolated and crystallized with @entity556 . Results The purified IgA was sufficient to confer the @entity1 's in vitro coagulation profile in normal pooled plasma, and was found to bind specifically and with high affinity to @entity556 . A crystal structure of the @entity1334 fragment in complex with @entity556 revealed an exosite I interaction involving CDRH3 of the antibody. Conclusions Although the @entity1 originally presented with a subdural bleed, the @entity1410 resolved without intervention, and no other @entity548 event occurred during the subsequent 7 years. During this period, the @entity1 's IgA paraprotein levels have remained constant at 3 g L(-1) , suggesting that the presence of a high-affinity, exosite I-directed antibody is consistent with normal hemostasis. A therapeutic derivative of this antibody might therefore permit antithrombotic dose escalation without an associated increase in the risk of @entity548 .

title: Discovery and characterization of an antibody directed against exosite I of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'bleeding', 'traumatic subdural hemorrhage']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of immature platelet fraction   @entity2416   , absolute immature platelet fraction    A- @entity2416    and thrombelastograph   @entity17792    on assessment of @entity548 risk of @entity3039   . METHODS: two hundred and seventy- one @entity1 with @entity3039 were assessed based on @entity3039 -BAT @entity548 grading system. @entity2416 , @entity2416 were determined in 271 @entity1 , @entity17792 in 125 @entity1 . The correlations between @entity548 grades and @entity2416 , @entity2416 , variables of @entity17792 in subgroups were analyzed by statistical method. The predictive value of @entity2416 , @entity2416 , and variables of @entity17792 on @entity548 risk of @entity3039 @entity1 was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity548 degree in all @entity1 with different gender and disease stage   P>0.05   . Mild @entity548 rate in @entity1 was higher than that in adult   P<0.05   . PLT inversely correlated with @entity548 grade for the entire cohort   P<0.001   . In all subjects, PLT< 30*10   /L and pediatric cohorts with PLT< 30*10   /L, PLT were negatively correlated with @entity2416   P<0.05   , positive correlated with @entity2416   P<0.001   and the maximum amplitude   @entity2704      P<0.05   . Bleeding grades were significantly correlated with @entity2416 , @entity2416 , @entity2704 in all subjects and @entity1 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P<0.001   . @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 did not correlate with @entity548 grades in @entity1 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P>0.05   . ROC curve analysis revealed @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 had better predictive value   AUC 0.745, 0.744, 0.813, P<0.001   . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity2416 and @entity2704 were independence factors for predicting @entity548 risk in @entity3039 @entity1 and comprehensive predictive value was higher   AUC 0.846, P<0.001   than single variable. CONCLUSION: @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 could accurately evaluate @entity548 risk inITP @entity1 . It may be considered as reference index of the treatment and observation index of curative effect.

title: [Application of immature platelet fraction   absolute immature platelet fraction and thrombelastograph on assessment of @entity548 risk in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenia    ITP', 'ITP']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of immature platelet fraction   @entity2416   , absolute immature platelet fraction    A- @entity2416    and thrombelastograph   @entity17792    on assessment of @entity548 risk of @entity3039   . METHODS: two hundred and seventy- one @entity1 with @entity3039 were assessed based on @entity3039 -BAT @entity548 grading system. @entity2416 , @entity2416 were determined in 271 @entity1 , @entity17792 in 125 @entity1 . The correlations between @entity548 grades and @entity2416 , @entity2416 , variables of @entity17792 in subgroups were analyzed by statistical method. The predictive value of @entity2416 , @entity2416 , and variables of @entity17792 on @entity548 risk of @entity3039 @entity1 was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity548 degree in all @entity1 with different gender and disease stage   P>0.05   . Mild @entity548 rate in @entity1 was higher than that in adult   P<0.05   . PLT inversely correlated with @entity548 grade for the entire cohort   P<0.001   . In all subjects, PLT< 30*10   /L and pediatric cohorts with PLT< 30*10   /L, PLT were negatively correlated with @entity2416   P<0.05   , positive correlated with @entity2416   P<0.001   and the maximum amplitude   @entity2704      P<0.05   . Bleeding grades were significantly correlated with @entity2416 , @entity2416 , @entity2704 in all subjects and @entity1 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P<0.001   . @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 did not correlate with @entity548 grades in @entity1 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P>0.05   . ROC curve analysis revealed @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 had better predictive value   AUC 0.745, 0.744, 0.813, P<0.001   . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity2416 and @entity2704 were independence factors for predicting @entity548 risk in @entity3039 @entity1 and comprehensive predictive value was higher   AUC 0.846, P<0.001   than single variable. CONCLUSION: @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 could accurately evaluate @entity548 risk inITP @entity1 . It may be considered as reference index of the treatment and observation index of curative effect.

title: [Application of immature platelet fraction   absolute immature platelet fraction and thrombelastograph on assessment of XXXX risk in @entity1 with @entity3039 ].

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of immature platelet fraction   @entity2416   , absolute immature platelet fraction    A- @entity2416    and thrombelastograph   @entity17792    on assessment of @entity548 risk of @entity3039   . METHODS: two hundred and seventy- one @entity1 with @entity3039 were assessed based on @entity3039 -BAT @entity548 grading system. @entity2416 , @entity2416 were determined in 271 @entity1 , @entity17792 in 125 @entity1 . The correlations between @entity548 grades and @entity2416 , @entity2416 , variables of @entity17792 in subgroups were analyzed by statistical method. The predictive value of @entity2416 , @entity2416 , and variables of @entity17792 on @entity548 risk of @entity3039 @entity1 was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity548 degree in all @entity1 with different gender and disease stage   P>0.05   . Mild @entity548 rate in @entity1 was higher than that in adult   P<0.05   . PLT inversely correlated with @entity548 grade for the entire cohort   P<0.001   . In all subjects, PLT< 30*10   /L and pediatric cohorts with PLT< 30*10   /L, PLT were negatively correlated with @entity2416   P<0.05   , positive correlated with @entity2416   P<0.001   and the maximum amplitude   @entity2704      P<0.05   . Bleeding grades were significantly correlated with @entity2416 , @entity2416 , @entity2704 in all subjects and @entity1 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P<0.001   . @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 did not correlate with @entity548 grades in @entity1 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P>0.05   . ROC curve analysis revealed @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 had better predictive value   AUC 0.745, 0.744, 0.813, P<0.001   . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity2416 and @entity2704 were independence factors for predicting @entity548 risk in @entity3039 @entity1 and comprehensive predictive value was higher   AUC 0.846, P<0.001   than single variable. CONCLUSION: @entity2416 , @entity2416 and @entity2704 could accurately evaluate @entity548 risk inITP @entity1 . It may be considered as reference index of the treatment and observation index of curative effect.

title: [Application of immature platelet fraction   absolute immature platelet fraction and thrombelastograph on assessment of @entity548 risk in XXXX with @entity3039 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies of @entity620 and @entity1290 were conducted mostly in @entity1 and either reported disparate results for supplemental and dietary @entity620 or did not examine dietary @entity620 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis. SETTING _ @entity1 : 156,735 @entity1 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II and 40,536 @entity1 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). PREDICTOR: Total, dietary, and supplemental @entity620 intake, adjusted for age, body mass index, @entity6662 use, and dietary factors. OUTCOMES: Incident @entity1290 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.3 to 11.7 years, 6,245 incident @entity1290 were identified. After multivariable adjustment, total @entity620 intake (<90 [reference], 90-249, 250-499, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity1290 among @entity1 , but was among @entity1 (HRs of 1.00 [reference], 1.19 [95% CI, 0.99-1.46], 1.15 [95% CI, 0.93-1.42], 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.60], and 1.43 [95% CI, 1.15-1.79], respectively; P for trend  = 0.005). Median total @entity620 intake for the 500- to 999-mg/d category was    700mg/d. Supplemental @entity620 intake (no use [reference],  <500, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity1290 among @entity1 , but was among @entity1 (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01-1.40] for  >= 1,000mg/d; P for trend  = 0.001). Dietary @entity620 intake was not associated with stones among @entity1 or @entity1 , although few @entity1 had dietary intakes > 700mg/d. LIMITATIONS: Nutrient intakes derived from food-frequency questionnaires, lack of data on stone composition for all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Total and supplemental @entity620 intake was significantly associated with higher risk for incident @entity1290 in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 .

title: Total, Dietary, and Supplemental @entity620 Intake and Risk of  Incident XXXX .

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['Kidney Stones']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies of @entity620 and @entity1290 were conducted mostly in @entity1 and either reported disparate results for supplemental and dietary @entity620 or did not examine dietary @entity620 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis. SETTING _ @entity1 : 156,735 @entity1 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II and 40,536 @entity1 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). PREDICTOR: Total, dietary, and supplemental @entity620 intake, adjusted for age, body mass index, @entity6662 use, and dietary factors. OUTCOMES: Incident @entity1290 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.3 to 11.7 years, 6,245 incident @entity1290 were identified. After multivariable adjustment, total @entity620 intake (<90 [reference], 90-249, 250-499, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity1290 among @entity1 , but was among @entity1 (HRs of 1.00 [reference], 1.19 [95% CI, 0.99-1.46], 1.15 [95% CI, 0.93-1.42], 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.60], and 1.43 [95% CI, 1.15-1.79], respectively; P for trend  = 0.005). Median total @entity620 intake for the 500- to 999-mg/d category was    700mg/d. Supplemental @entity620 intake (no use [reference],  <500, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity1290 among @entity1 , but was among @entity1 (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01-1.40] for  >= 1,000mg/d; P for trend  = 0.001). Dietary @entity620 intake was not associated with stones among @entity1 or @entity1 , although few @entity1 had dietary intakes > 700mg/d. LIMITATIONS: Nutrient intakes derived from food-frequency questionnaires, lack of data on stone composition for all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Total and supplemental @entity620 intake was significantly associated with higher risk for incident @entity1290 in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 .

title: Total, Dietary, and Supplemental XXXX Intake and Risk of  Incident @entity1290 .

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin C']


abstract: The contribution of hepatic sympathetic innervation, glucagon and @entity1425 to the glycaemic response to exercise was investigated in @entity35 . Hepatically denervated (LDX) or sham operated (SHAM) @entity35 with permanent catheters were therefore submitted to swimming with or without infusion of @entity1943 in combination with adrenodemedullation. Blood samples were taken for measurements of blood @entity413 , plasma free @entity1718 (FFA), @entity1425 (A), @entity1063 (NA), insulin and glucagon. Liver denervation by itself did not influence @entity413 levels during exercise. Infusion of @entity1943 in SHAM animals, which inhibited the exercise-induced glucagon response, led to enhanced sympathoadrenal outflow (measured as plasma A and NA) and a reduced blood @entity413 during exercise, suggesting that glucagon serves as a powerful mediator of the glycaemic response during swimming. Infusion of @entity1943 in LDX animals failed to enhance plasma NA levels and led to a more pronounced reduction in blood @entity413 levels. This indicates that liver nerves do contribute to the glycaemic response to exercise when glucagon secretion is suppressed. Reduced blood @entity413 levels after adrenodemedullation revealed that adrenal A is another important mediator of the @entity413 response to exercise. Infusion of @entity1943 in adrenodemedullated SHAM or LDX animals was not accompanied with increased NA outflow, suggesting that adrenal A is necessary to allow the compensatory increased outflow of NA from sympathetic nerves. In conclusion, the study shows that pancreatic glucagon and adrenal A are the predominant factors influencing the glycaemic response to exercise, whereas a role of the sympathetic liver nerves becomes evident when glucagon secretion is suppressed.

title: Contribution of liver nerves, glucagon, and XXXX to the glycaemic response to exercise in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']


abstract: The contribution of hepatic sympathetic innervation, glucagon and @entity1425 to the glycaemic response to exercise was investigated in @entity35 . Hepatically denervated (LDX) or sham operated (SHAM) @entity35 with permanent catheters were therefore submitted to swimming with or without infusion of @entity1943 in combination with adrenodemedullation. Blood samples were taken for measurements of blood @entity413 , plasma free @entity1718 (FFA), @entity1425 (A), @entity1063 (NA), insulin and glucagon. Liver denervation by itself did not influence @entity413 levels during exercise. Infusion of @entity1943 in SHAM animals, which inhibited the exercise-induced glucagon response, led to enhanced sympathoadrenal outflow (measured as plasma A and NA) and a reduced blood @entity413 during exercise, suggesting that glucagon serves as a powerful mediator of the glycaemic response during swimming. Infusion of @entity1943 in LDX animals failed to enhance plasma NA levels and led to a more pronounced reduction in blood @entity413 levels. This indicates that liver nerves do contribute to the glycaemic response to exercise when glucagon secretion is suppressed. Reduced blood @entity413 levels after adrenodemedullation revealed that adrenal A is another important mediator of the @entity413 response to exercise. Infusion of @entity1943 in adrenodemedullated SHAM or LDX animals was not accompanied with increased NA outflow, suggesting that adrenal A is necessary to allow the compensatory increased outflow of NA from sympathetic nerves. In conclusion, the study shows that pancreatic glucagon and adrenal A are the predominant factors influencing the glycaemic response to exercise, whereas a role of the sympathetic liver nerves becomes evident when glucagon secretion is suppressed.

title: Contribution of liver nerves, glucagon, and @entity1425 to the glycaemic response to exercise in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess interplatform reproducibility of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and @entity4559 ( @entity4559 ) measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) based on a 2D gradient echo (GRE) sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant and Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study involved 12 subjects (five healthy volunteers and seven @entity1 with @entity409 ). A multislice 2D-GRE-based MRE sequence was performed using two systems from different vendors (3.0T GE and 1.5T Siemens) on the same day. Two independent observers measured @entity409 and @entity4559 on confidence maps. Bland-Altman analysis (with coefficient of reproducibility, CR), coefficient of variability (CV), and intraclass correlation (ICC) were used to analyze interplatform, intra- and interobserver variability. @entity1 data were validated using a gelatin-based phantom. RESULTS: There was excellent reproducibility of phantom @entity2693 measurement (CV 4.4%). Mean @entity409 values were 3.44-3.48 kPa and 3.62-3.63 kPa, and mean @entity4559 values were 7.54-7.91 kPa and 8.40-8.85 kPa at 3.0T and 1.5T for observers 1 and 2, respectively. The mean CVs between platforms were 9.2%-11.5% and 13.1%-14.4% for @entity409 and @entity4559 , respectively, for observers 1 and 2. There was excellent interplatform reproducibility (ICC >0.88 and CR <36.2%) for both @entity409 and @entity4559 , and excellent intra- and interobserver reproducibility (intraobserver: ICC >0.99, CV <2.1%, CR <6.6%; interobserver: ICC >0.97, CV and CR <16%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that 2D-GRE MRE provides platform- and observer-independent @entity409 and @entity4559 measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1064-1072.

title: Interplatform reproducibility of liver and XXXX measured with MR elastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity4559 :: ('MESH:D013160', 'Disease') :: ['spleen stiffness', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver stiffness', 'liver disease', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity4559 :: (MESH:D013160,Disease) :: ['spleen stiffness']


abstract: The @entity1 (TAL), a chronic asymptomatic @entity97 carrier with HBsAg-anti-HBsAg circulating immune complexes, was admitted to our hospital because of a @entity1985 due to @entity12042 . There was no family history of @entity14756 . Recurrent @entity4841 , @entity1395 , and @entity353 were the prominent clinical features. Laboratory test results showing that severe chronic inflammatory activity had been present for 6 years. @entity650 ( @entity650 ) serum concentration was 10 times normal and @entity1851 was 1.9 mg/ml. A complex immunological picture was also present (immune complex formation, exuberant B-cell reactivity, and decrease in the number of CD4 T cells). A localized form of @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ) (plasma-cell type) was diagnosed by surgical excision of a giant axillary lymph node. AA amyloid was present in the blood vessels. Within 60 days after excision of the mass, the systemic symptoms subsided, laboratory signs of inflammatory activity disappeared and @entity650 serum concentration returned to normal, thus establishing a causal relationship between the localized @entity12692 , elevated @entity650 concentration and the @entity32 responsible for @entity2783 . At 10 months of follow-up, the @entity1985 has reversed, kidney function has slowly ameliorated, and the @entity1 has gained 12 kg. Abdominal fat aspirates drawn to search for amyloid, positive before surgery, were subsequently negative. The latter finding, and the remission of the @entity1985 , provided strong evidence for regression of the @entity527 . However, the HBsAg-anti-HBsAg immune complexes and @entity308 of T-helper cell activity persist. This immunological derangement is therefore not a consequence of @entity12692 . Chronic stimulation of the immune system due to the @entity1 's inability to eliminate @entity97 , in the contest of perturbed immunity, may have favored the genesis of the lymphadenopathy.

title: Reversal of @entity1985 due to reactive amyloidosis (AA-type) after excision of localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease", 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity14756 :: ('MESH:D028226', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary amyloidosis']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman's disease']


abstract: The @entity1 (TAL), a chronic asymptomatic @entity97 carrier with HBsAg-anti-HBsAg circulating immune complexes, was admitted to our hospital because of a @entity1985 due to @entity12042 . There was no family history of @entity14756 . Recurrent @entity4841 , @entity1395 , and @entity353 were the prominent clinical features. Laboratory test results showing that severe chronic inflammatory activity had been present for 6 years. @entity650 ( @entity650 ) serum concentration was 10 times normal and @entity1851 was 1.9 mg/ml. A complex immunological picture was also present (immune complex formation, exuberant B-cell reactivity, and decrease in the number of CD4 T cells). A localized form of @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ) (plasma-cell type) was diagnosed by surgical excision of a giant axillary lymph node. AA amyloid was present in the blood vessels. Within 60 days after excision of the mass, the systemic symptoms subsided, laboratory signs of inflammatory activity disappeared and @entity650 serum concentration returned to normal, thus establishing a causal relationship between the localized @entity12692 , elevated @entity650 concentration and the @entity32 responsible for @entity2783 . At 10 months of follow-up, the @entity1985 has reversed, kidney function has slowly ameliorated, and the @entity1 has gained 12 kg. Abdominal fat aspirates drawn to search for amyloid, positive before surgery, were subsequently negative. The latter finding, and the remission of the @entity1985 , provided strong evidence for regression of the @entity527 . However, the HBsAg-anti-HBsAg immune complexes and @entity308 of T-helper cell activity persist. This immunological derangement is therefore not a consequence of @entity12692 . Chronic stimulation of the immune system due to the @entity1 's inability to eliminate @entity97 , in the contest of perturbed immunity, may have favored the genesis of the lymphadenopathy.

title: Reversal of XXXX due to reactive amyloidosis (AA-type) after excision of localized @entity12692 .

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of severe @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is challenging. Although the efficacy of @entity1140 ( @entity5467 ) and infliximab (IFX) have been evaluated in @entity1 with severe @entity31 , the safety and efficacy levels of sequential therapies ( @entity5467 > IFX/IFX > @entity5467 ) in these @entity1 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess short-term and long-term outcomes in @entity1 with severe @entity31 treated with @entity5467 and IFX. METHODS: From October 2001 to February 2014, 29 @entity1 with consecutive severe @entity31 treated with @entity5467 or IFX were retrospectively evaluated. Median follow-up duration was 27   months (range 0.5-118   months). The primary end point was short-term outcomes at 8   weeks after induction of @entity5467 ( @entity5467 group, n=22) or IFX (IFX group, n=7). The secondary end point included long-term outcomes and colectomy-free survival. The clinical response was evaluated based on a partial Mayo score. RESULTS: The clinical remission (CR) rate at 8   weeks in the @entity5467 and IFX groups was 63.6% and 71.4%, respectively. In 13 of the 29 @entity1 (10 in the @entity5467 group, 3 in the IFX group), sequential therapies were used in their clinical courses. In 9 of these 13 @entity1 (6 in the @entity5467 group, 3 in the IFX group), CR was achieved and maintained by sequential therapies. Overall cumulative colectomy-free survival was 79.3% at 118   months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5467 and IFX had similar effects on remission induction in @entity1 with severely active @entity31 . Sequential therapies could rescue @entity1 with @entity31 who failed initial treatment with @entity5467 or IFX. In clinical practice, sequential therapies might be deliberately performed.

title: @entity1140 or infliximab for severe XXXX : short-term and long-term data from a retrospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of severe @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is challenging. Although the efficacy of @entity1140 ( @entity5467 ) and infliximab (IFX) have been evaluated in @entity1 with severe @entity31 , the safety and efficacy levels of sequential therapies ( @entity5467 > IFX/IFX > @entity5467 ) in these @entity1 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess short-term and long-term outcomes in @entity1 with severe @entity31 treated with @entity5467 and IFX. METHODS: From October 2001 to February 2014, 29 @entity1 with consecutive severe @entity31 treated with @entity5467 or IFX were retrospectively evaluated. Median follow-up duration was 27   months (range 0.5-118   months). The primary end point was short-term outcomes at 8   weeks after induction of @entity5467 ( @entity5467 group, n=22) or IFX (IFX group, n=7). The secondary end point included long-term outcomes and colectomy-free survival. The clinical response was evaluated based on a partial Mayo score. RESULTS: The clinical remission (CR) rate at 8   weeks in the @entity5467 and IFX groups was 63.6% and 71.4%, respectively. In 13 of the 29 @entity1 (10 in the @entity5467 group, 3 in the IFX group), sequential therapies were used in their clinical courses. In 9 of these 13 @entity1 (6 in the @entity5467 group, 3 in the IFX group), CR was achieved and maintained by sequential therapies. Overall cumulative colectomy-free survival was 79.3% at 118   months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5467 and IFX had similar effects on remission induction in @entity1 with severely active @entity31 . Sequential therapies could rescue @entity1 with @entity31 who failed initial treatment with @entity5467 or IFX. In clinical practice, sequential therapies might be deliberately performed.

title: XXXX or infliximab for severe @entity31 : short-term and long-term data from a retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity513 in situ of the breast ( @entity3821 ) has become common with the advent of breast screening programs. METHODS: Proliferation indices (S-phase fraction) were studied in 76 cases of pure @entity3821 . @entity5 were classified according to conventional criteria and also according to a novel simplified classification based on cellular @entity39 and morphology. This new classification defines three distinct @entity5 groups: pure comedo in 19 (25.0%) cases, @entity3821 with @entity39 (non-pure comedo) in 21 (27.6%) @entity1 , and @entity3821 without @entity39 in 36 (47.4%) of cases, the latter group comprising largely classical cribriform or micropapillary architectural subtypes. RESULTS: Flow cytometric DNA analysis showed a significantly higher S-phase fraction in comedo @entity3821 than in the subgroup of @entity5 without @entity39 (P < 0.01 [anova]). A preliminary analysis of disease recurrence and disease-free survival in a large series of 391 cases of pure @entity3821 showed that of 181 cases of pure comedo @entity3821 there were 19 local recurrences at the 7-year stage (82% 7-year disease-free survival), with 5 local recurrences in 51 cases of @entity3821 with @entity39 (non-pure comedo) (85% 7-year disease-free survival) and only 6 local recurrences in the 159 cases of the @entity3821 -without- @entity39 subgroup (94% 7-year disease-free survival). The chi 2 value for the frequency of disease recurrence of all cases of @entity3821 with @entity39 (i.e., combining the groups of comedo @entity3821 and @entity3821 with @entity39 (non-pure comedo)) as compared to @entity3821 without histological evidence of @entity39 was 5705 (df = 2; P = 0.0001), and the chi 2 for disease-free survival of types of @entity3821 with @entity39 as compared to cases without @entity39 was 178 (df = 2; P = 0.0001). This analysis indicates that the histological presence of @entity39 appears to be a relatively powerful predictor of increased disease recurrence and poorer disease-free survival after treatment for @entity3821 . CONCLUSIONS: Necrosis in @entity3821 in the absence of pure classical comedo morphology is a feature of more biologically aggressive in situ @entity0 with an intermediate proliferative fraction as compared with the high proliferative fraction of pure comedo @entity3821 and the low proliferative fraction of @entity3821 without @entity39 . There was no significant difference in DNA ploidy (diploid or aneuploid) between the subgroups as assessed by chi 2 analysis. Further larger studies are required to establish if @entity3821 with @entity39 (non-pure comedo) also shows a greater tendency to local recurrence after breast conservation treatment than do subtypes of @entity3821 without @entity39 . @entity3821 with @entity39 (non-pure comedo) should be adopted as a distinct histological subgroup of @entity3821 in future clinical studies of in situ @entity189 .

title: Ideas in pathology. XXXX in situ of the breast: a proposal for a new simplified histological classification association between cellular proliferation and c-erbB-2 protein expression.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'DCIS tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['Ductal carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle and @entity130 have been developed. Radiographs are indicated if there is tenderness at the posterior edge or tip of either @entity1171 or at the navicular or base of the fifth metatarsal or there is inability to both weight bear immediately after the injury and ambulate four steps in the emergency department. This study assessed the efficacy of these rules with health care providers who had not been involved in their development. DESIGN: Prospective @entity1 survey by emergency department attending physicians and triage nurses. SETTING: EDs of a university hospital and a community hospital with a combined annual volume of 100,000. @entity1 : One hundred ten @entity1 older than 16 years who presented with acute blunt ankle and midfoot @entity130 during the 3 months of summer 1993. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity174 were diagnosed. When used by @entity2613 attending physicians, the decision rules had a sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.19 in detecting all midfoot and @entity1171 . When used by triage nurses, the sensitivity was 0.9 and specificity was 0.1. The negative predictive values of the decision rules were 1.0 for @entity2613 attending physicians and 0.88 for triage nurses. @entity2613 attending physicians and triage nurses agreed in 90% of cases regarding the overall decision to obtain radiographs. However, there was only a 47% agreement on all components of the clinical decision rules, with kappa values ranging from 0.60 to 0.76. The accuracies of the predictive rules were similar as applied by the @entity2613 attending physicians and the triage nurses (chi 2, P = .23). Application of the Ottawa predictive rules by @entity2613 attending physicians would have resulted in a 19% reduction in use of midfoot and ankle radiographs. CONCLUSION: Use of the Ottawa and midfoot clinical decision rules by @entity2613 attending physicians of institutions not familiar with the rules' development resulted in 100% sensitivity for all @entity174 and would have allowed these physicians to safely reduce the number of radiographs ordered by 19%.

title: Evaluation of the Ottawa clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle and XXXX in the emergency department: an independent site assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'malleolus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['midfoot injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['midfoot injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: Biomechanical analysis of Ponte (PO) and pedicle subtraction osteotomies ( @entity71212 ) in @entity85 instrumentation. METHODS: @entity1 -specific biomechanical model was used to computationally simulate seven hyperkyphotic instrumentation cases with three osteotomy strategies-1-level @entity71212 , 3-level PO, or 6-level PO; forces within the instrumented spine were assessed and results were analyzed through rANOVA tests. RESULTS: Corrections with multi-level PO were close to those with one-level @entity71212 . In upright position, average implant forces were from 225 to 280  N and rod bending moments were around 10 Nm with no significant difference between the three strategies (p  <  0.05). In simulations of 30   flexion, rod bending moments increased by 38, 2, and 8  %, implant forces increased by 28, 23 and 26  % for the 1-level @entity71212 , respectively. Correction per vertebral level was smaller than the maximum correction allowed by PO and @entity71212 . CONCLUSIONS: Multi-level PO allows similar kyphotic correction to 1-level @entity71212 in @entity85 with mixed indications for PO and @entity71212 . Loads on the instrumentation constructs in @entity71212 were higher than multi-level PO and higher in 6-level PO than 3-level PO. High loads were located more on the osteotomy sites. The rod shape should be adapted to the anticipated spine correction on the osteotomy sites.

title: Biomechanical analysis of Ponte and pedicle subtraction osteotomies for the surgical correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity', 'spinal deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['kyphotic deformities']


abstract: The Lundby Study is a prospective, @entity146 of a normal population that has been repeatedly examined over a period of 25 years. Experienced psychiatrists made home visits and collected the basic information through personal examinations adding supplementary data from other relevant sources. The present book contains point prevalence data of @entity146 such as neuroses, @entity914 , @entity75 , @entity5539 , psychopathy, @entity1032 , @entity988 , mental complaints, and also of various personality traits in a normal population at two points of time, 15 years apart. Together with earlier published incidence studies the present monograph is intended to give as complete a picture as possible of the mental morbidity in a total population. Our most conspicuous finding was the increase over time of the prevalence of @entity6004 . @entity308 represented the largest increase. In the male sex the rate of @entity11167 trebled from Time 1 to Time 2, although the female preponderance still remained. Psychopathy and @entity988 , on the other hand, were very markedly @entity10552 . A description of how the investigations were performed is included and also a list of publications originating from the Lundby Study. This book will be of interest to physicians and psychiatrists interested in epidemiology and also to governmental planners and social scientists.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , personality traits and mental complaints in the Lundby Study. A point prevalence study of the 1957 Lundby cohort of 2,612 inhabitants of a geographically defined area who were re-examined in 1972 regardless of domicile.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive illnesses']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric-epidemiological study']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism', 'Alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is a distinct subtype of @entity978 . We report our results of relapsed/refractory @entity978 @entity1 who received high-dose chemotherapy and autogenic stem cell transplantation (HDC auto- @entity12497 ). Seventeen @entity978 @entity1 received HDC auto- @entity12497 (1996-2014): male 14 and female 3, with median age at diagnosis of 22  years, at HDC auto- @entity12497 28  years (15-58  years). At the time of relapse/progression, 13 (76  %) had @entity978 and 4 (24  %) had transformed diffuse large @entity1892 . The reason for HDC auto- @entity12497 was refractory @entity978 in 12 @entity1 and relapsed in 5 @entity1 . Salvage chemotherapy was @entity2879 , @entity1667 , @entity900 , and @entity2592 (ESHAP); eight @entity1 also received rituximab with ESHAP. HDC was @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , and @entity3601 (BEAM). Post-auto- @entity12497 , complete remission was achieved in 14 (82  %), partial remission in 1 (6  %), and progressive disease in 2 (12  %) @entity1 . The median follow-up is 63  months from auto- @entity12497 (6-124  months). Of the nine @entity1 who received only ESHAP, four had post-auto- @entity12497 events versus no event in all eight @entity1 who received rituximab   +   ESHAP. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year event-free survival for the whole group is 76  %: @entity2408   +   salvage (100  %) versus salvage alone (56  %), P   =   0.041. Overall survival is 94  %: 100 versus 89  %, respectively, P   =   not significant (NS). Even in refractory @entity978 @entity1 , long-term disease-free survival is possible after HDC auto- @entity12497 . Post-auto- @entity12497 relapse or progression can still be managed with chemo/chemo   +   immunotherapy/radiation. These encouraging results of rituximab in salvage setting should be explored further in a clinical trial setting for this @entity1 population.

title: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory nodular lymphocyte predominant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['rituximab']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['NLPHL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma', 'Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An experimental histologic and immunohistological investigation of acute @entity1566 was performed in a @entity35 model. OBJECTIVE: This study determined (1) the immediate cellular and molecular responses within the spinal cord that result from a clinically relevant @entity2850 , (2) the acute astrocytic response to injury using the astrocyte specific @entity40 antibody, and (3) the temporal pattern of cellular and extracellular localization of @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) within the @entity1566 zone immediately after injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Ultimate neurologic outcome from @entity1566 results from both the primary mechanical @entity130 and a subsequent cascade of cellular and molecular events that are termed the @entity130 . Efforts aimed at improving neurologic outcome may depend on the manipulation of cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for propagating this @entity130 cascade. Astrocytes and @entity1810 are two potentially key components of this @entity130 . METHODS: Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley adult @entity35 underwent open thoracic @entity1566 using the Allen weight-drop technique. Spinal cord specimens were harvested at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 72 hours after injury for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Harvesting of injured and surrounding uninjured cord was performed before sectioning in sagittal and transverse planes. These paraffin-embedded sections were stained with polyclonal antibodies against @entity40 ( @entity40 , an astrocytic cytoskeleton marker) and @entity1810 . RESULTS: A complex astrocytic response to the @entity1566 was found within 24 hours of injury. Both the geographic and temporal patterns of astrocyte localization suggest a role in the regulation of @entity1566 propagation. High concentrations of extracellular @entity1810 were seen immediately after @entity130 at the zone of impact. Subsequently, intracellular @entity1810 was seen in astrocytic nuclei and cytoplasm, intramedullary and extramedullary capillary endothelial cells, and in motor neurons. CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic outcome in @entity1 with SCI results in part from a @entity130 whose cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. This study suggests that both astrocytes and @entity1810 are involved in the regulation of spinal cord @entity130 . An improved understanding of their specific roles may result in novel treatments to improve the outcome from SCI.

title: Astrocyte response and transforming growth factor-beta localization in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta 1', 'TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['secondary injury', 'injury within the hematoma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity6884 is the most important cause of @entity204 during the first year of life after the newborn period in Norway. A case control study was performed by sending questionnaires to 188 @entity6884 parents and 475 control parents with @entity1 matched for age, sex and time of birth. 76% of the @entity6884 parents and 79% of the control parents completed the questionnaires. The male/female ratio of the babies in both groups was 64/36. The age distribution showed a peak between two and four months. 65% succumbed during the winter months. During the winter 32% died outdoors. This was true for only 16% of those who died during summer. A higher proportion of the @entity6884 cases than the controls were premature (more than eight weeks). 78% of the @entity6884 victims usually slept prone, whereas this was true for only 50% of the controls (p < 0.01). 91% of the @entity6884 victims were found dead in a prone position. When comparing live babies during the first three months of life, significantly more @entity6884 mothers than control mothers had stopped breastfeeding. A larger proportion of the @entity6884 victims than the controls had had apparent life threatening events (p < 0.01). Foam mattresses were equally frequent in both groups.

title: [Crib XXXX in the eastern regions of Norway 1984-1992. A survey of risk factors].

entities_list: @entity6884 :: ('MESH:D013398', 'Disease') :: ['Cot death', 'cot death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: The rapid determination of @entity4895 ( @entity10498 ) in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) with direct sample injection is discussed. Minute (nanoliter) quantities of @entity1 sera are applied to the beginning of a fused @entity3440 capillary filled with a @entity1391 / @entity19131 buffer (pH 9.2) containing 75 mM @entity3208 . Upon application of an electric field along the capillary, endogenous and drug substances are transported toward the cathode and separated into distinct zones that are detected by on-column ultraviolet absorption. Depending on the capillary and instrument used, 5-FC is shown to elute within 2-3.5 min of current application and free of endogenous interferences. 5-FC becomes also well separated from another often coadministered antimycotic drug, @entity2379 . Thus, quantitation of 5-FC is accomplished without any sample pretreatment. MECC data of 60 @entity1 sera produced on two different automated instruments and 5-FC serum levels obtained by an agar-based bioassay are shown to agree well. For MECC, intraday and interday reproducibility data (80 micrograms/ml level) are shown to be < or = 4.5 and < 7%, respectively. Due to short run times and short capillary equilibration time intervals between runs, a sample throughput of 15/h is feasible. Thus, this technology is suitable for rapid determination of 5-FC serum levels, the time requirement for running a complete calibration, two control sera, and several @entity1 samples being approximately 1 h only.

title: Rapid determination of the antimycotic drug XXXX in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct sample injection.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity4895 :: (MESH:D005437,Chemical) :: ['flucytosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We evaluated postural effects on @entity428 ( @entity428 ) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP: mean arterial pressure (MAP) - @entity428 ) in neurosurgical @entity1 undergoing 24-hour @entity428 monitoring as part of their diagnostic workup. We identified 9 @entity1 (5 @entity1 , age 44  20 yrs.; mean  SD) who were "as normal as possible" i.e. without indication for neurosurgical intervention (e.g. focal lesions, global @entity4 , @entity428 or cerebrospinal fluid dynamics). @entity428 (tip-transducer probe, Raumedic) in the brain parenchyma (N=7) or in the lateral ventricles (N=2) and cardiovascular variables (Nexfin) were determined from 20   head-down tilt to standing up. Compared to the supine position, @entity428 increased during 10   and 20   of head-down tilt (from 9.4  3.8 to 14.3  4.7 and 19  4.7 mmHg, P<0.001). Conversely, 10   and 20   head-up tilt reduced @entity428 to 4.8  3.6 and 1.3  3.6 mmHg and @entity428 reached -2.4  4.2 mmHg when standing up (P<0.05). Concordant changes in MAP maintained CPP at 77  7 mmHg regardless of body position (P=0.95). During head-down tilt, the increase in @entity428 corresponded to a hydrostatic pressure gradient with reference just below the heart, likely reflecting the venous hydrostatic indifference point. When upright, the decrease in @entity428 was attenuated, corresponding to formation of a separate hydrostatic gradient with reference to the base of the skull, likely reflecting the site of @entity1211 . @entity428 therefore seems to be governed by pressure in the draining veins and collapse of neck veins may protect the brain from being exposed to a large negative pressure when upright. Despite positional changes in @entity428 , MAP keeps CPP tightly regulated.

title: Postural influence on intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure in ambulatory neurosurgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous collapse']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'abnormalities in ICP-profile', 'intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: When the adjacent organ is partially invaded by a @entity157 ( @entity157 ), whether to go on an aggressive resection is a difficult but challenging problem. To investigate the worth of en bloc resections, a retrospective controlled study was conducted. During a 9-year period, nine @entity1 (seven @entity1 , two @entity1 : group I) who had @entity157 with invasions to extrahepatic adjacent organs had undergone en bloc resections. The adjacent organs included diaphragm (eight cases), adrenal gland (two cases), abdominal wall (one case), and spleen (one case). The @entity1 selected for en bloc resections were those with a solitary @entity5 without evidence of vascular invasion or intravascular @entity5 thrombi, daughter nodule(s), or distant @entity3 . The evidence was based on preoperative evaluation by ultrasonography, computed tomography, arteriography, and intraoperative ultrasonography. Eighteen matched @entity1 with @entity157 but no involvement of neighboring organs were selected as controls (14 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 : group II). Though @entity1 of group I had wider invasion of @entity157 and more extensive resection, their surgical morbidity, mortality, hospital mortality, disease-free interval, and survival time were similar to those of group II, who had more limited @entity157 and resections. Eighteen months after operation, the @entity157 recurrence rate was 44% and 41% in groups I and II, respectively, and the percent survivals were 71% and 63%, respectively. We suggest that in cases of large @entity157 with local invasion to neighboring organs, aggressive en bloc resection is recommended after appropriate @entity1 selection.

title: En bloc resection for extensive XXXX : is it advisable?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The role of exfoliative cytology as an adjunct to endoscopic biopsy in the detection of upper @entity344 is controversial insofar as some claim that its use is of little clinical benefit. The role of cytology in the differentiation of benign from @entity3137 in 2,183 consecutive @entity1 who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy was examined. Malignancy was confirmed in 394 @entity1 . Both endoscopic biopsy and cytology were positive in 275 of 394 (69.8%) @entity1 . Endoscopic biopsy provided the diagnosis in the presence of negative cytology in 73 of 394 (18.5%) cases, while cytology was positive after a negative biopsy in 36 of 394 (9.2%) @entity1 . Ten of 394 (2.5%) @entity1 were not diagnosed preoperatively using either modality. Endoscopic biopsy yielded a sensitivity of 88.3%, specificity of 99.9%, positive predictive value of 99.7% and negative predictive value of 97.6%. Cytology alone, in contrast, yielded a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 98.5%, positive predictive value of 92.3% and negative predictive value of 95.6%. With the additional use of cytology, the diagnostic yield was increased from 88.3% to 97.5%. We conclude that upper gastrointestinal exfoliative cytology is a useful adjunct in the investigation of @entity1 with suspicious @entity3137 .

title: Adjunctive endoscopic brush cytology in the detection of upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions', 'malignant mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']


abstract: Endotoxin shock, with maximal velocity of contraction (Vmax) as our index of contractility, showed no @entity296 in an earlier 4-h study (Guntheroth, @entity31820 . Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 157: 610--614, 1978). Because of reports of late deterioration, we studied six @entity235 until spontaneous @entity204 (9--18 h). Heart rate nearly doubled and left ventricular filling pressure and aortic mean pressure fell, but Vmax did not change significantly. Because of concern that the marked increase in heart rate may have contributed to an artifactual maintenance of Vmax (due to its frequency dependence, inherent in dp/dt), we studied a final group of five @entity235 with three additional indicators of contractility. End-systolic pressure-diameter ratio (Emax), ejection fraction (sonar-determined from the minor axis of the left ventricle), and frequency-normalized average rate of generation of power density (FARPD) all fell early and remained low until @entity204 . We conclude that myocardial contractility is significantly reduced in endotoxin shock, early and sustained. Its presence is masked somewhat in the untreated subject by the reduced work load, secondary to @entity3485 .

title: Left ventricular performance in endotoxin shock in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial depression']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Tissue polypeptide antigen ( @entity865 ) is a protein produced and released by proliferating cells that has been shown to possess several characteristics for an ideal @entity5 marker. Our purpose was to determine the yield of @entity865 in the pretreatment assessment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), in comparison with a baseline clinical evaluation and multiorgan computed tomography (CT) assumed to be the gold standard for presurgical staging. One hundred four @entity1 with @entity1149 underwent thoracotomy, mediastinoscopy, or biopsy of suspected metastatic deposits, in addition to an extensive noninvasive evaluation of their stage of disease. We restaged retrospectively (UICC 1987 classification) these @entity1 , on the basis of the following: (1) clinical history and physical examination, routine laboratory tests, bronchoscopy, chest radiographs, and any other examination as indicated by the prior baseline evaluation (BE stage); (2) the serum level of @entity865 ( @entity865 stage); (3) the reading of a CT scan of brain, thorax, and abdomen obtained with no limitation to clinical information (CT stage); and (4) pathologic findings (RE stage). The @entity865 stage was calculated using 20 threshold values ranging from 45 U/L to 450 U/L. On the basis of the RE stage, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive capabilities of BE, CT, and @entity865 were determined for stage I and II (full operability, FO), stage IIIa (possible operability, PO), and stage IIIb and IV (full inoperability, FI). The @entity865 thresholds were 110 U/L for detecting FO with the highest rate of success, and 160 U/L for detecting FI. Using these thresholds BE, CT, and @entity865 showed a diagnostic accuracy of, respectively, 75%, 79%, and 68% for FO; 87%, 69%, and 77% for PO; 87%, 77%, and 76% for FI. The accuracy of BE, CT, and @entity865 for both FO and FI was, respectively, 85%, 69%, and 69%. Of 74 @entity1 classified operable by BE, 6 had a serum concentration of @entity865 less than 50 U/L and all 6 were confirmed in stage I or II at the subsequent thoracotomy; 15 others, out of 26 @entity1 judged to have inoperable conditions by BE, had a @entity865 test result above 135 U/L and all 15 were pathologically classified in stage IIIb or IV. Using appropriate threshold values of @entity865 , it should be possible to predict @entity1149 resectability with a diagnostic accuracy similar to that routinely achieved by CT.

title: The tissue polypeptide antigen serum test in the preoperative evaluation of XXXX . Diagnostic yield and comparison with conventional staging methods.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The histone H1 fraction from the @entity19 @entity189 cell line F9 can be resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into at least 15 components. Ten of these components incorporate 32P from administered @entity6546 . The digestion of 3H- and @entity7263 -labeled samples with alkaline phosphatase indicates that this cell line has at least five H1 subtypes, three of which have not been observed in the @entity19 before. Every subtype is phosphorylated to some extent. There are, however, striking differences among them in the degree of phosphorylation in interphase, both in the proportion of molecules present as phosphorylated forms and in the numbers of @entity1391 groups per molecule. Phosphorylations of two types are discernible; most phosphorylations do not significantly affect the mobility of the protein in @entity3208 -containing gels but one does, probably reflecting a phosphorylation-induced alteration in protein conformation. Four subtypes undergo only the first type of phosphorylation; the other subtype undergoes both types of phosphorylation. The same 5 subtypes are also present in two other independently derived @entity189 cell lines. In contrast, two differentiated (endoderm-like) cell lines derived from @entity14641 lack @entity49940 , and one also lacks @entity71213 . Our results are consistent with the view that the H1 subtypes differ from each other functionally. They also show that neither @entity49940 nor @entity71213 is essential for cell division.

title: The H1 histones and their interphase phosphorylated states in differentiated and undifferentiated cell lines derived from @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14641 :: (MESH:D018243,Disease) :: ['teratocarcinomas']


abstract: The histone H1 fraction from the @entity19 @entity189 cell line F9 can be resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into at least 15 components. Ten of these components incorporate 32P from administered @entity6546 . The digestion of 3H- and @entity7263 -labeled samples with alkaline phosphatase indicates that this cell line has at least five H1 subtypes, three of which have not been observed in the @entity19 before. Every subtype is phosphorylated to some extent. There are, however, striking differences among them in the degree of phosphorylation in interphase, both in the proportion of molecules present as phosphorylated forms and in the numbers of @entity1391 groups per molecule. Phosphorylations of two types are discernible; most phosphorylations do not significantly affect the mobility of the protein in @entity3208 -containing gels but one does, probably reflecting a phosphorylation-induced alteration in protein conformation. Four subtypes undergo only the first type of phosphorylation; the other subtype undergoes both types of phosphorylation. The same 5 subtypes are also present in two other independently derived @entity189 cell lines. In contrast, two differentiated (endoderm-like) cell lines derived from @entity14641 lack @entity49940 , and one also lacks @entity71213 . Our results are consistent with the view that the H1 subtypes differ from each other functionally. They also show that neither @entity49940 nor @entity71213 is essential for cell division.

title: The H1 histones and their interphase phosphorylated states in differentiated and undifferentiated cell lines derived from XXXX @entity14641 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Seven normal controls and 51 lower extremities with @entity4096 in 45 @entity1 were studied with ambulatory venous pressure. Measurements were done at rest and during 15 seconds of exercise without a tourniquet and with 1 or 2 tourniquets at different levels of the extremity. The decrease in pressure during exercise and the time to return to standing levels were used to calculate a venous sufficiency index. Six pathologic categories were identified in @entity1 with chronic @entity2979 . Incompetence of perforators was present in 17 cases. A combination of long saphenous vein and perforator @entity337 was detected in 10 cases. Thirteen cases had a pattern of regurgitant deep vein @entity337 . Two cases had @entity337 of the saphenous system. A deep @entity3885 pattern was present in 3 other @entity1 . Ascending and retrograde phlebography was done in 30 of these cases. There was an 83.3% correlation between the venous pressure and phlebographic tests. Contrast studies were found to be complementary and added extra-anatomical information. Based on these special studies, a rational approach to the treatment of @entity4096 has evolved. The early results are encouraging.

title: Pathophysiologic evaluation of chronic XXXX with ambulatory venous pressure studies.

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['vein obstruction']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity2979 :: (MESH:D054070,Disease) :: ['venous stasis']


abstract: The competence of general practitioners (GPs) in diagnosing @entity148 was assessed using standardized @entity1 (SPs) unknown to the doctors. Out of a computer-generated random sample of 100 general practitioners in Kuala Lumpur, 42 volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that the GPs can be divided into three groups: group A made the correct diagnosis and informed the SPs about their condition (11.9%); group B prescribed tranquillizers and did not inform the SPs of the actual diagnosis but instead said that they were either normal or were suffering from some stress (28.6%); and group C made various diagnoses of @entity74 or did not detect any abnormality at all (59.5%). Thus about 40% of the doctors considered an @entity74 and only 12% of the doctors were confident enough to make and inform the @entity1 of the actual diagnosis. Group A significantly (P < 0.001) asked higher numbers of relevant questions in the signs and symptoms section of the history than the other two groups. No differences between the three groups were observed in the other two sections of history-taking (personality, family, social and precipitating factors), in the general and specific physical examination and interpersonal skills. Generally, with the exception of the interpersonal skills section, the doctors performed less than 40% of the expected tasks in every section. The study highlighted the lack of competence in making a definite diagnosis of @entity148 . Among those who apparently made the diagnosis (group B) or made the diagnosis with certainty (group A), there was no demonstration of appropriate treatment behaviour with respect to pharmacological intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessing the competence of general practitioners in diagnosing generalized XXXX using standardized @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety neurosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotion-related disorder', 'physical disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorder']


abstract: The competence of general practitioners (GPs) in diagnosing @entity148 was assessed using standardized @entity1 (SPs) unknown to the doctors. Out of a computer-generated random sample of 100 general practitioners in Kuala Lumpur, 42 volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that the GPs can be divided into three groups: group A made the correct diagnosis and informed the SPs about their condition (11.9%); group B prescribed tranquillizers and did not inform the SPs of the actual diagnosis but instead said that they were either normal or were suffering from some stress (28.6%); and group C made various diagnoses of @entity74 or did not detect any abnormality at all (59.5%). Thus about 40% of the doctors considered an @entity74 and only 12% of the doctors were confident enough to make and inform the @entity1 of the actual diagnosis. Group A significantly (P < 0.001) asked higher numbers of relevant questions in the signs and symptoms section of the history than the other two groups. No differences between the three groups were observed in the other two sections of history-taking (personality, family, social and precipitating factors), in the general and specific physical examination and interpersonal skills. Generally, with the exception of the interpersonal skills section, the doctors performed less than 40% of the expected tasks in every section. The study highlighted the lack of competence in making a definite diagnosis of @entity148 . Among those who apparently made the diagnosis (group B) or made the diagnosis with certainty (group A), there was no demonstration of appropriate treatment behaviour with respect to pharmacological intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessing the competence of general practitioners in diagnosing generalized @entity148 using standardized XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Plasma @entity3449 activity (PRA) was determined in plasma samples obtained approximately at 6-min intervals during consecutive non- @entity11755 (NREMS) and @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) periods in @entity35 chronically implanted with EEG electrodes, a brain thermistor, and an intracardiac catheter. PRA was low in @entity11755 and high in NREMS: this difference was statistically significant. The PRAs in wakefulness and NREMS were not different. Sleep-associated variations in systemic blood pressure (BP) were also recorded in a group of @entity35 implanted with a chronic aortic catheter. During @entity11755 , large oscillations superimposed on a tonic rise in BP were observed, and the end of @entity11755 was followed by an abrupt fall in BP. This is the first demonstration of sleep-associated variations in PRA in a species other than @entity1 . The changes in BP in the @entity35 during @entity11755 confirm previous reports and, unlike those in many other species, are similar to those previously described in @entity1 . The @entity35 therefore provides a model for study of the mechanisms of the sleep-related variations in PRA and BP. The changes in PRA may reflect a regulatory response to variations in BP or may result from central mechanisms, e.g. the sleep-associated changes in serotonergic activity.

title: Sleep-associated variations in plasma XXXX activity and blood pressure in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REMS', 'rapid eye movement sleep']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Plasma @entity3449 activity (PRA) was determined in plasma samples obtained approximately at 6-min intervals during consecutive non- @entity11755 (NREMS) and @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) periods in @entity35 chronically implanted with EEG electrodes, a brain thermistor, and an intracardiac catheter. PRA was low in @entity11755 and high in NREMS: this difference was statistically significant. The PRAs in wakefulness and NREMS were not different. Sleep-associated variations in systemic blood pressure (BP) were also recorded in a group of @entity35 implanted with a chronic aortic catheter. During @entity11755 , large oscillations superimposed on a tonic rise in BP were observed, and the end of @entity11755 was followed by an abrupt fall in BP. This is the first demonstration of sleep-associated variations in PRA in a species other than @entity1 . The changes in BP in the @entity35 during @entity11755 confirm previous reports and, unlike those in many other species, are similar to those previously described in @entity1 . The @entity35 therefore provides a model for study of the mechanisms of the sleep-related variations in PRA and BP. The changes in PRA may reflect a regulatory response to variations in BP or may result from central mechanisms, e.g. the sleep-associated changes in serotonergic activity.

title: Sleep-associated variations in plasma @entity3449 activity and blood pressure in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Optimal function of a single lead P wave synchronous rate adaptive ventricular pacing system ( @entity3867 ) requires reliable P wave sensing over time and during daily activities. The stability of P wave sensing and the incidence of sensitivity reprogramming in a single pass lead with a diagonally arranged bipole was assessed in 30 @entity1 with complete @entity713 over a follow-up period of 12 +/- 1 months (range 6 months to 3 years). Atrial sensing was assessed during clinic visits, by physical maneuvers (postural changes, breathing, Valsalva maneuver, walking and isometric exercise), maximum treadmill exercise and Holter recordings. P wave amplitude at implantation was 1.21 +/- 0.09 (0.5-3.6) mV, and the atrial sensing threshold remained stable over the entire period of follow-up. Using an atrial sensitivity based on twice the sensing threshold at 1 month, P wave undersensing was found in 2, 4, 3, and 7 @entity1 during clinic visit, physical maneuvers, exercise, and Holter recordings, respectively. Atrial sensitivity reprogramming was performed in three @entity1 based on the correction of undersensing during physical maneuvers. Although eight @entity1 had atrial undersensing on Holter recordings, the number of undersensed P waves was small (total 101 beats or 0.013% +/- 0.001% of total ventricular beats) and no @entity1 was symptomatic. One @entity1 had intermittent atrial undersensing at the highest sensitivity, but the @entity3867 mode was still functional most of the time. No @entity1 had myopotential interference at the programmed sensitivity. One @entity1 developed chronic @entity955 and was programmed to the VVIR mode. Thus, single lead @entity3867 pacing is a stable pacing mode in 97% of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term stability of P wave sensing in single lead XXXX pacing: clinical versus subclinical atrial undersensing.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity3867 :: (1594,Gene) :: ['VDDR']


abstract: Intravascular activation of the complement system with cobra venom factor results in @entity647 , which has been quantitated by increases in lung vascular permeability. Cobra venom factor preparations devoid of @entity3900 activity retain full lung-damaging capacity. The @entity651 is associated with the preceding appearance of chemotactic activity in the serum coincident with the development of a profound @entity1398 . The chemotactic activity is immunochemically related to @entity1 @entity2242 . Morphologic studies have revealed discontinuities in the endothelial cell lining of @entity358 , damage and/or destruction of endothelial cells in these areas, plugging of @entity358 with neutrophils that are in direct contact with vascular basement membrane, the presence of fibrin in alveolar spaces and in areas adjacent to damaged endothelial cells, and @entity548 . @entity651 is dramatically attenuated in animals that have been previously neutrophil depleted. Teh intravenous injection of @entity224 dismutase or @entity2196 also provides significant protection from the @entity358 . Very little protection from the @entity358 . Very little protection is afforded by pretreatment of rats with @entity16206 . These studies suggest that intravascular activation of the complement system leads to neutrophil aggregation and activation, intrapulmonary capillary sequestration of neutrophils, and @entity1317 , which may be related to production of toxic @entity26 metabolites by complement-activated neutrophils.

title: Intravascular activation of complement and @entity647 . Dependency on neutrophils and toxic XXXX metabolites.

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraalveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary capillaries', 'lung alveolar capillaries', 'pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Intravascular activation of the complement system with cobra venom factor results in @entity647 , which has been quantitated by increases in lung vascular permeability. Cobra venom factor preparations devoid of @entity3900 activity retain full lung-damaging capacity. The @entity651 is associated with the preceding appearance of chemotactic activity in the serum coincident with the development of a profound @entity1398 . The chemotactic activity is immunochemically related to @entity1 @entity2242 . Morphologic studies have revealed discontinuities in the endothelial cell lining of @entity358 , damage and/or destruction of endothelial cells in these areas, plugging of @entity358 with neutrophils that are in direct contact with vascular basement membrane, the presence of fibrin in alveolar spaces and in areas adjacent to damaged endothelial cells, and @entity548 . @entity651 is dramatically attenuated in animals that have been previously neutrophil depleted. Teh intravenous injection of @entity224 dismutase or @entity2196 also provides significant protection from the @entity358 . Very little protection from the @entity358 . Very little protection is afforded by pretreatment of rats with @entity16206 . These studies suggest that intravascular activation of the complement system leads to neutrophil aggregation and activation, intrapulmonary capillary sequestration of neutrophils, and @entity1317 , which may be related to production of toxic @entity26 metabolites by complement-activated neutrophils.

title: Intravascular activation of complement and XXXX . Dependency on neutrophils and toxic @entity26 metabolites.

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: @entity1010 in 154 @entity1 and 147 @entity1 without @entity51 was quantitatively studied by means of computed tomography. The ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. The volume percentage of brain to @entity129 (Craniocerebral Index, or CCI) was calculated by means of computer programs available in CT systems. The mean CCI in the 20-39 age group was constant at 98.4 per cent in @entity1 and 98.7 in @entity1 , and this was considered the standard for the CCI in subjects with nonatrophied brains. The percentage of each subject's CCI in relation to this standard in both sexes (Brain Volume Index, or BVI) was calculated as the indicator of @entity1010 . The normal value for BVI was therefore 100 per cent in both sexes. A clear difference was observed between @entity1 and @entity1 in the process of @entity1010 with increasing age. In @entity1 a significant reduction in BVI began in the sixth decade of life (P less than 0.01); thereafter, the decline was gradual and steady through the eighth decade (P less than 0.05). In @entity1 , a significant reduction in BVI began in the fifth decade (P less than 0.01) and remained relatively constant during the fifth and sixth decades but declined significantly again in the seventh and eighth decades. In both sexes, remarkable individual differences in @entity1010 were characteristic.

title: Sex difference in XXXX during aging; a quantitative study with computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy', 'Brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial cavity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

answer: @entity1010 :: (MESH:C566985,Disease) :: ['brain atrophy']


abstract: We discussed how long should postmole @entity1 be followed up by the analysis of 44 cases of postmolar invasive mole and 14 cases of @entity1466 treated in our hospital between 1971 and 1979. All of the invasive mole have been detected before their urinary hCG titer fell below normal pituitary LH level and by the 5 th month after the termination of molar pregnancy. While only 2 cases out of 14 cases of @entity1466 have been detected before their urinary hCG titer fell below LH level and by the 5 th postmole month. The other 12 cases of @entity1466 were diagnosed later than the 6 th postmole month. The longest interval between termination of mole and diagnosis of @entity1466 was 7 years and 2 months, the interval of which was also the longest among all of the @entity1466 registered to the Committee of Registration for @entity1469 in Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1974 through 1978. Therefore from the empirical point of view, the postmole @entity1 should be followed up to 7 years and 2 months at the shortest. Besides almost all of the secondary sequelae after mole which were detected before urinary hCG titer fell below LH level were actually invasive mole (44 cases). @entity1466 (2 cases) in this stage was exceptional (2 cases/46 cases = 4.4%). On the other hand, once the molar @entity1 showed normal LH level in their urinary hCG determination, the secondary sequela was invariably @entity1466 . This way of discriminating invasive mole from @entity1466 is the key in the management of postmolar @entity1 .

title: [On the follow up period of postmolar XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['Trophoblastic Disease']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocarcinoma', 'postmolar choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Two cell lines, Kuramochi and CKS, established from @entity1 @entity43 , were analyzed in vitro drug sensitivity to @entity1138 and @entity4408 . These values were compared to those of eight @entity1 @entity356 cell lines composed of various histological types. The CKS cell line, derived from serious @entity7157 , was less sensitive to both test-drugs than the groups of @entity356 cell lines. Therapeutic indices of the two drugs were very low. So it was considered that the two drugs were unsuitable to chemotherapy to @entity19862 . The Kuramochi cell line, derived from undifferentiated @entity189 , was less sensitive to @entity1138 than the groups of @entity356 cell line. However, it was as sensitive to @entity4408 as high-sensitive @entity356 cell lines. Therapeutic index of the @entity4408 in the undifferentiated @entity189 was high. So it was considered that @entity4408 was suitable to chemotherapy to undifferentiated @entity420 . The cytocydal actions of the two drugs were dependent upon dose and time. Time-dependency was, however, smaller in @entity4408 than in @entity1138 .

title: [Quantitative analysis on in vitro drug sensitivity of cultured @entity1 XXXX cell lines (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4408 :: ('MESH:D002225', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboquone']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19862 :: ('MESH:D018284', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Two cell lines, Kuramochi and CKS, established from @entity1 @entity43 , were analyzed in vitro drug sensitivity to @entity1138 and @entity4408 . These values were compared to those of eight @entity1 @entity356 cell lines composed of various histological types. The CKS cell line, derived from serious @entity7157 , was less sensitive to both test-drugs than the groups of @entity356 cell lines. Therapeutic indices of the two drugs were very low. So it was considered that the two drugs were unsuitable to chemotherapy to @entity19862 . The Kuramochi cell line, derived from undifferentiated @entity189 , was less sensitive to @entity1138 than the groups of @entity356 cell line. However, it was as sensitive to @entity4408 as high-sensitive @entity356 cell lines. Therapeutic index of the @entity4408 in the undifferentiated @entity189 was high. So it was considered that @entity4408 was suitable to chemotherapy to undifferentiated @entity420 . The cytocydal actions of the two drugs were dependent upon dose and time. Time-dependency was, however, smaller in @entity4408 than in @entity1138 .

title: [Quantitative analysis on in vitro drug sensitivity of cultured XXXX @entity43 cell lines (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the present study we performed a light microscopic anatomical comparison of adrenalectomy (ADX)-induced @entity179 using @entity575 impregnation and reaction of astroglial cells using @entity40 immunocytochemistry in the hippocampus of the @entity35 . Three survival times following ADX were studied: 24 hours, 3 days, and 3 weeks. Twenty-four hours following ADX we found no degenerative changes or altered @entity40 immunostaining. Three days after adrenalectomy, argyrophilic somata appeared in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Argyrophilic dendrites were seen in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and neuritic argyrophilia were seen in the mossy fiber layer. Induction of @entity40 immunoreactivity occurred simultaneously with degeneration. Increased @entity40 immunoreactivity could be observed 3 days after adrenalectomy in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, granular cell layer, sub and supragranular cell layer, and mossy fiber layer. Size and shape of astroglial cells were changed, and their processes in the molecular layer changed from unidirectional to randomly organized. Degeneration and astroglial reaction were more pronounced 3 weeks after adrenalectomy and both were prevented by adding @entity2819 to the drinking solution. Animals that did not show degenerative changes showed no increased @entity40 immunoreactivity, while both effects were confined to the dentate gyrus and mossy fiber zone. These results show that there is a close relationship between the induction of @entity40 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the @entity35 and @entity528 in the dentate gyrus following ADX, both in time and space.

title: Induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the @entity35 dentate gyrus after adrenalectomy: comparison with neurodegenerative changes using XXXX impregnation.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: In the present study we performed a light microscopic anatomical comparison of adrenalectomy (ADX)-induced @entity179 using @entity575 impregnation and reaction of astroglial cells using @entity40 immunocytochemistry in the hippocampus of the @entity35 . Three survival times following ADX were studied: 24 hours, 3 days, and 3 weeks. Twenty-four hours following ADX we found no degenerative changes or altered @entity40 immunostaining. Three days after adrenalectomy, argyrophilic somata appeared in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Argyrophilic dendrites were seen in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and neuritic argyrophilia were seen in the mossy fiber layer. Induction of @entity40 immunoreactivity occurred simultaneously with degeneration. Increased @entity40 immunoreactivity could be observed 3 days after adrenalectomy in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, granular cell layer, sub and supragranular cell layer, and mossy fiber layer. Size and shape of astroglial cells were changed, and their processes in the molecular layer changed from unidirectional to randomly organized. Degeneration and astroglial reaction were more pronounced 3 weeks after adrenalectomy and both were prevented by adding @entity2819 to the drinking solution. Animals that did not show degenerative changes showed no increased @entity40 immunoreactivity, while both effects were confined to the dentate gyrus and mossy fiber zone. These results show that there is a close relationship between the induction of @entity40 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the @entity35 and @entity528 in the dentate gyrus following ADX, both in time and space.

title: Induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the XXXX dentate gyrus after adrenalectomy: comparison with neurodegenerative changes using @entity575 impregnation.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A group of 32 @entity1 with moderately severe, chronic @entity565 (mean FEV1 55% of predicted), maintained on moderately high doses of inhaled @entity288 (mean dose 1,100 micrograms/d), participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The effect on pulmonary function of adding @entity2544 (U, once daily @entity2544 ), inhaled @entity3045 (S, 200 micrograms four times per day), and their combination (C) or placebo (P) was assessed on Day 14 of each treatment phase. @entity1 recorded peak expiratory flow, @entity565 symptom severity (morning and evening), and use of rescue @entity3045 inhaler in daily diaries. Mean FEV1 between 0730 and 1800 h and maximum FEV1 between 0730 and 1300 h were significantly higher on U, S, and C compared with P (p < 0.006). Morning peak flow and FEV1 (0730 h) were significantly higher on U and C compared with S and P (p < 0.01). Evening peak flow was higher on U than P (p < 0.001), and C was higher than S and P (p < 0.01). Rescue @entity3045 inhaler use was significantly higher on P than on U, C, or S (p = 0.0001). @entity1 rating of @entity565 symptoms during C was significantly better than on S or P (p < 0.05). @entity1 rating of @entity565 control and study phase preference was significantly higher on combination and @entity2544 alone than on placebo, the combination also being superior to @entity3045 alone. Addition of @entity2544 or a combination of @entity2544 and @entity3045 significantly improves pulmonary function and @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 treated with high doses of inhaled @entity288 and as-needed beta agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of XXXX , @entity3045 , and their combination in asthmatic @entity1 on high-dose inhaled steroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Uniphyl']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['Uniphyl']


abstract: A group of 32 @entity1 with moderately severe, chronic @entity565 (mean FEV1 55% of predicted), maintained on moderately high doses of inhaled @entity288 (mean dose 1,100 micrograms/d), participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The effect on pulmonary function of adding @entity2544 (U, once daily @entity2544 ), inhaled @entity3045 (S, 200 micrograms four times per day), and their combination (C) or placebo (P) was assessed on Day 14 of each treatment phase. @entity1 recorded peak expiratory flow, @entity565 symptom severity (morning and evening), and use of rescue @entity3045 inhaler in daily diaries. Mean FEV1 between 0730 and 1800 h and maximum FEV1 between 0730 and 1300 h were significantly higher on U, S, and C compared with P (p < 0.006). Morning peak flow and FEV1 (0730 h) were significantly higher on U and C compared with S and P (p < 0.01). Evening peak flow was higher on U than P (p < 0.001), and C was higher than S and P (p < 0.01). Rescue @entity3045 inhaler use was significantly higher on P than on U, C, or S (p = 0.0001). @entity1 rating of @entity565 symptoms during C was significantly better than on S or P (p < 0.05). @entity1 rating of @entity565 control and study phase preference was significantly higher on combination and @entity2544 alone than on placebo, the combination also being superior to @entity3045 alone. Addition of @entity2544 or a combination of @entity2544 and @entity3045 significantly improves pulmonary function and @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 treated with high doses of inhaled @entity288 and as-needed beta agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of @entity2544 , XXXX , and their combination in asthmatic @entity1 on high-dose inhaled steroids.

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: A group of 32 @entity1 with moderately severe, chronic @entity565 (mean FEV1 55% of predicted), maintained on moderately high doses of inhaled @entity288 (mean dose 1,100 micrograms/d), participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The effect on pulmonary function of adding @entity2544 (U, once daily @entity2544 ), inhaled @entity3045 (S, 200 micrograms four times per day), and their combination (C) or placebo (P) was assessed on Day 14 of each treatment phase. @entity1 recorded peak expiratory flow, @entity565 symptom severity (morning and evening), and use of rescue @entity3045 inhaler in daily diaries. Mean FEV1 between 0730 and 1800 h and maximum FEV1 between 0730 and 1300 h were significantly higher on U, S, and C compared with P (p < 0.006). Morning peak flow and FEV1 (0730 h) were significantly higher on U and C compared with S and P (p < 0.01). Evening peak flow was higher on U than P (p < 0.001), and C was higher than S and P (p < 0.01). Rescue @entity3045 inhaler use was significantly higher on P than on U, C, or S (p = 0.0001). @entity1 rating of @entity565 symptoms during C was significantly better than on S or P (p < 0.05). @entity1 rating of @entity565 control and study phase preference was significantly higher on combination and @entity2544 alone than on placebo, the combination also being superior to @entity3045 alone. Addition of @entity2544 or a combination of @entity2544 and @entity3045 significantly improves pulmonary function and @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 treated with high doses of inhaled @entity288 and as-needed beta agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of @entity2544 , @entity3045 , and their combination in asthmatic XXXX on high-dose inhaled steroids.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']